cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New one- and two-dimensional cadmium iodide/pyrazinecarboxylate-based coordination polymers

Abstract Three new organic–inorganic coordination polymers, each adopting a different structural motif, were obtained from the CdI2/pyrazinecarboxylic acid system. Syntheses and X-ray structural determinations are presented. The reaction between CdI2 and 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid (abbreviated pyzcaH) afforded a one-dimensional chain-like structure, [CdI2(PyzcaH)(H2O)]n (1). When 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid was replaced by Cu(2-pyrazinecarboxylate)2, the reaction yielded a two-dimensional framework polymer, [CdI(Pyzca)(H2O)]n (2). The reaction of CdI2 and 2-methylpyrazine-5-carboxylic acid (abbreviated MePyzcaH) resulted in the formation of a different coordination polymer, [CdI(MePyzca)(H2O)1.5]n (3), which adopts a one-dimensional chain structure. These new coordination polymers all assemble into three-dimensional structures via networks of hydrogen bonds.
Melatonin Does Not Suppress the Pituitary Luteinizing Hormone Response to Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Men*

The effect of an iv melatonin infusion on the pituitary LH response to LHRH was studied in five young men. Melatonin (30µg/min; total dose, 7.2 mg) was infused for a 4-h period, 2 h before and 2 h after a LRH stimulation (single iv 150- µg dose). Each subject's control response to LRH was obtained previously. During the melatonin infusion, supraphysiological concentrations of melatonin (20 times) were documented using a specific RIA. All five subjects had a LH rise after LRH stimulation, and this response was not affected by the melatonin infusion. These results indicate that an acute constant infusion of a pharmacological amount of melatonin does not suppress LRH-induced LH release from the pituitary in men. In addition, no change in sleepiness and behavior was found. (J Clin EndocrinolMetab 51: 161, 1980)
Surface properties of the zona pellucida

Structural and sperm binding properties of the hamster zona pellucida (ZP) were investigated using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The internal and external surfaces of the ZP were found to be morphologically dissimilar. The external surface displayed a fenestrated lattice-like appearance, whereas the internal surface showed a regular rough appearance. In order to investigate the physiological characteristics of the ZP, zonae were incubated with the vitro capacitated spermatozoa for five minutes and subsequently prepared from SEM examination. Numerous non-acrosome-reacted spermatozoa and dissociated acrosomes were observed associated with the external surface of the ZP. Spermatozoa or acrosomes were, however, not observed associated with the internal surface of the zona. Acrosome-reacted spermatozoa did not adhere to the ZP. It was concluded that the external and internal surfaces of the zona are morphologically and physiologically dissimilar.
Coming to Content Management: Inventing Infrastructure for Organizational Knowledge Work

Two project profiles depict content management as inquiry-driven practice. The first profile reflects on a project for a national professional organization that began with a deceptively simple request to improve the organization's website, but ended with recommendations that ran to the very core mission of the organization. The second profile focuses on an organization's current authoring practices and tools in order to prepare for a significant change: allowing users to develop and organize content.
Minimum 4-year follow-up of the PCA total knee arthroplasty in rheumatoid patients.

Abstract One hundred twenty-one consecutive nonrandomized primary total knee arthroplasties in 94 patients were performed between 1980 and 1984 using the Porous-Coated Anatomic prosthesis in patients with a diagnosis of severe rheumatoid arthritis. Of the 94 patients, 81 patients were able to be followed for more than 4 years, with the remaining 13 dying from unrelated causes prior to the 48-month follow-up. Of those arthroplasties with 48-month follow-up, 55 were uncemented and 26 were cemented. An 81% good to excellent result was seen for the cemented group and a 91% good to excellent result for the uncemented group. The postoperative arc of motion for the cemented group was 94°, with the postoperative arc of motion in the uncemented group being 102°. In evaluation of component interfaces, there were almost no lucencies seen among the femoral group, with no component failures in either group. Thirty-six percent of the uncemented group developed nonprogressive radiolucent lines along the tibial tray; 97% of these radiolucencies were less than 1 mm. Complications in the cemented group included a revision of one patellar and one tibial component for component loosening. In the uncemented group, complications included one case of deep sepsis following an intra-articular injection, loosening of two patellar components requiring revision, and loosening of two tibial components requiring revision.
Correlation of substructure with time-dependent fatigue properties of aisi304 stainless steel

Transmission electron microscopy was employed to study the substructure of AISI 304 stainless steel tested at 482, 593, and 650 °C in low-cycle fatigue with various hold times. Total strains investigated ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 pct, strain rates of 4 E-03 and 4 E-05 s-1. The cell size was found to be inversely related to the relaxed tensile saturation stress, but with different constants of proportionality for the two strain rates. At the lower strain rate, substructures tended to resemble those produced by pure creep. A modified work-hardening theory was used to relate the peak saturation stress to both plastic strain and cell size.
Synthesis of polymer nanograss and nanotubes by surface-initiated photopolymerization in cylindrical alumina nanopores

Functional polymer nanograss and nanotubes with active epoxy groups were synthesized by a surface-initiated photopolymerization pattern transfer method in cylindrical alumina nanopores. The nanograss structures were obtained when the neat glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer or the mixture of GMA monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) crosslinker solution was injected into the photoinitiator-immobilized template. In contrast, uniform polymer nanotubes that completely follow the contour of the template were generated with the mixture of GMA monomer, EGDMA crosslinker and pre-synthesized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) polymer as the precursor material. The mechanism of the formation of polymer nanograss and nanotubes was discussed in terms of mechanical strength of polymer and polymerization shrinkage. The incorporation of the pre-synthesized polymer into the monomer solution as the precursor material allows for precompensation of the structure shrinkage induced by photopolymerization reactions. Effects of the pre-synthesized PGMA polymer percentage and the amount of the EGDMA crosslinker on the morphology of the formed polymer nanostructures were investigated respectively. FT-IR spectra confirmed the chemically immobilized photoinitiators, and chemical component, poly(GMA-co-EGDMA), of the polymer nanotubes inside the cylindrical alumina nanopores respectively. Finally, an intriguing dendritic-shaped fractal pattern was formed from concentrated crosslinked polymer nanoneedles by self-assembly and droplet evaporation.
Achieving Guidelines for the Treatment of Depression in Primary Care Is Physician Education Enough

Objectives The authors examine whether physician education has enduring effects on treatment of depression. Methods Depressed primary care patients initiating antidepressant treatment from primary care clinics of a staff-model health maintenance organization were studied. Quasi-experimental and before-and-after comparisons of physician practices, supplemented with patient surveys, were used to compare the process of care and depression outcomes. Intervention consisted of extensive physician education that spanned a 12-month period. This included case-by-case consultations, didactics, academic detailing (eg, clearly stating the educational and behavioral objectives to individual physicians), and role-play of optimal treatment. Main outcome measures were divided into two groups. Quasi-experimental samples included: (1) antidepressant medication selection and (2) adequacy (dosage and duration) of pharmacotherapy. Survey samples included: (3) intensity of follow-up; (4) physician delivered educational messages regarding depression treatment; (5) patient satisfaction; and (6) depression outcomes. Results No lasting educational effect was observed consistently in any of the outcomes measured. Conclusions There was no enduring improvement in the treatment of depression for primary care patients. Depression treatment guidelines were achieved contemporaneously, however, for intervention patients enrolled in a multifaceted program of collaborative care during the training period. These results suggest that continuing programs of reorganized service delivery to support the role of a primary care physician (eg, on-site mental health personnel, close monitoring of patient progress and adherence), in addition to physician training, are essential for the success of guideline implementation.
Minimax estimation via wavelets for indirect long-memory data

Abstract In this paper, we model linear inverse problems with long-range dependence by a fractional Gaussian noise model and study function estimation based on observations from the model. By using two wavelet-vaguelette decompositions, one for the inverse problem which simultaneously quasi-diagonalizes both the operator and the prior information, and one for long-range dependence which decorrelates fractional Gaussian noise, we establish asymptotics for minimax risks, and show that the wavelet shrinkage estimate can be tuned to achieve the minimax convergence rate and significantly outperform linear estimates.
Multiscale fragPIN Modularity

Modularity in protein interactome networks (PINs) is a central theme involving aspects such as the study of the resolution limit, the comparative assessment of module-finding algorithms, and the role of data integration in systems biology. It is less common to study the relationships between the topological hierarchies embedded within the same network. This occurrence is not unusual, in particular with PINs that are considered assemblies of various interactions depending on specialized biological processes. The integrated view offered so far by modularity maps represents in general a synthesis of a variety of possible interaction maps, each reflecting a certain biological level of specialization. The driving hypothesis of this work leverages on such network components. Therefore, subnetworks are generated from fragmentation, a process aimed to isolating parts of a common network source that are here called fragments, from which the acronym fragPIN is used. The characteristics of modularity in each obtained fragPIN are elucidated and compared. Finally, as it was hypothesized that different timescales may underlie the biological processes from which the fragments are computed, the analysis was centered on an example involving the fluctuation dynamics inherent to the signaling process and was aimed to show how timescales can be identified from such dynamics, in particular assigning the interactions based on selected topological properties.
Finite-rate chemistry effects in a Mach 2 reacting flow

UV spontaneous vibrational Raman scattering and laser-induced predissociative fluorescence (LIPF) are combined and applied to a supersonic flame. For the first time, simultaneous measurements of temperature, major species (H2, O2, N2, H2O), and minor species (OH) concentrations are obtained with a 'single' excimer laser in a supersonic-lifted hydrogen-air diffusion flame. In the supersonic flame, a small amount of reaction occurs upstream of the lifted flame base, due to shock wave interactions and mixing with hot vitiated air. The strong turbulent mixing and high total enthalpy fluctuations lead to nonequilibrium values of temperature, and major and minor species concentrations. Combustion occurs farther downstream of the lifted region where slow three-body recombination reactions result in superequilibrium OH concentrations that depress the temperatures below their equilibrium values. Farther downstream, ambient air entrainment contaminates flame properties.
Literal solution of the transmission-line equations for shielded wires

The multiconductor transmission line equations for a transmission line containing a shielded wire are solved in literal form. The resulting solution shows the frequency range for which the familiar inductive-capacitive coupling model is a valid representation. The solution shows that there are certain combinations of terminal impedance such that the line must be very short, electrically, in order for the inductive-capacitive coupling model to hold. >
A semantic control approach to intelligent transportation systems

We develop layers of control and optimization modules for the purposes of urban traffic management. We utilize the semantic control paradigm to model both macro-level (traffic control) as well as micro level (vehicle path planning and steering control). A semantic controller consists of three modules for identification, goal selection and adaptation respectively. The identifier has a stochastic forecasting/prediction module, rules for incident detection, and a radial basis function neural network-based estimator. The goal selector consists of shortest-path and optimal control algorithms. The control laws in the adapter are developed for two situations: 1) vehicle control within a platoon, and 2) neurocontrol of a single vehicle. In this paper we focus on the first two modules, the identifier and the goal selector. The algorithms are evaluated using data from a portion of the highway system in the St. Louis metropolitan area.
History and restoration of the longleaf pine-grassland ecosystem: Implications for species at risk

The longleaf pine-grassland (Pinus palustris-Poaceae) ecosystem occupied over 30 million ha in the southeastern United States at the time of European discovery. Frequent low- to moderate-intensity surface fires ignited by both lightning and native Americans sustained open diverse stands in a fire climax and prevented succession to mixed hardwood forests. Disruption of prehistorical and historical fire regimes, coupled with land conversion, urbanization, and other factors, is responsible for the rapid decline of the ecosystem. Today only about 1.2 million ha remain, much in isolated fragments. Primarily because of habitat loss, many animal and plant species associated with longleaf forests are now rare or in decline. Restoration ecologists and managers face a daunting challenge—recreating an ecosystem, in the face of chronic cumulative stress from human activities, that varied widely over temporal and spatial scales. Key restoration factors include: (1) development of a general understanding of the historical condition of the longleaf ecosystem, especially unusual or unique communities and habitats embedded in the general fabric of the larger ecosystem, (2) initiation and expansion of a fire regime, where feasible, similar to that which historically shaped the ecosystem, (3) maintenance/enhancement of herbaceous diversity, (4) continued research on habitat requirements and distribution of rare species, and (5) encouragement of a multi-owner partnership approach to promote conservation across the landscape. Landowners and the public must be educated about the values of the longleaf pine-grassland ecosystem and develop a conservation ethic that considers aesthetics, wildlife, and biodiversity, in addition to economics, if the ecosystem is to be restored. Most forestry practices used to manage and restore longleaf forests are of low short-term risk to rare species in this ecosystem. The benefits of active management usually far outweigh the long-term risks associated with no management. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Development of a sensitive assay for SERCA activity using FRET detection of ADP

Various isoforms of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) regulate Ca2+ homeostatic balance in both the heart (SERCA2a) and skeletal muscle (SERCA1a). Ca2+ plays a key role in these tissues as an intracellular signal that controls contractility. Due to its key role in the contractility cycle, SERCA is emerging as a promising pharmacological target to modulate heart muscle function. SERCA function is regulated by its endogenous inhibitor phospholamban (PLN). Upon binding, PLN decreases SERCA's apparent affinity for Ca2+. Therefore, the interaction between PLN and SERCA has an important role in determining both physiological and pathological conditions. Quantifying the inhibitory potency of PLN is of great importance in understanding the pathophysiology of heart muscle. Traditionally, SERCA activity assays have been performed using a PK/LDH-coupled enzyme reaction, which suffers from limited sensitivity. We have developed a new SERCA activity assay based on the direct detection of the product ADP via time resolved FRET (TR-FRET). Under optimized conditions, our assay reduced the amount of SERCA required to perform the assay 1000-fold. Inter-day reproducibility was shown to be excellent for SERCA preparations in either detergent (C12E8) or reconstituted lipids. The inhibitory effect of PLN on SERCA measured under the low-concentration conditions of our assay allowed us to more accurately investigate the binding between PLN and SERCA. Significant inhibitory effects of PLN were observed even at mid-nanomolar concentrations, significantly lower than previous Kd estimates for the SERCA–PLN complex.
Management of acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis utilizing amniotic membrane and topical corticosteroids.

Purpose To describe the results of a novel treatment approach to the acute ophthalmic management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Design Retrospective interventional case series. Methods setting: Institutional. study population: Sixteen eyes of 8 patients with acute, biopsy-proven SJS or TEN and significant ophthalmic involvement. interventional procedure(s): Application of amniotic membrane to the ocular surface, either in the operating room or at the bedside, and short-term use of intensive topical corticosteroid medication. main outcome measures: Visual acuity, slit-lamp appearance of the ocular surface, and patients' subjective impression of ocular comfort. Results Two patients expired during the hospitalization. Mean follow-up time for the surviving patients was 7.7 months. Four surviving patients in whom the entire ocular surface (ie, the cornea, bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva, and eyelid margins) was treated with amniotic membrane retained visual acuities of 20/40 or better and an intact ocular surface. In contrast, the initial 2 patients in the study who were treated with only a Prokera device or unsutured amniotic membrane sheets, leaving the palpebral conjunctiva and eyelid margins uncovered, developed more significant ocular surface abnormalities, and 1 developed a corneal perforation. Conclusions Amniotic membrane coverage of the ocular surface in its entirety coupled with the use of intensive short-term topical corticosteroids during the acute phase of SJS and TEN is associated with the preservation of good visual acuity and an intact ocular surface. Partial amniotic membrane coverage of the ocular surface may not serve to minimize the cicatrizing ocular sequelae of SJS and TEN as effectively as complete coverage.
Single-dose versus fractionated radioimmunotherapy: model comparisons for uniform tumor dosimetry.

UNLABELLED Targeting molecules with reduced immunogenicity will enable repetitive administrations of radioimmunotherapy. In this work a mathematical model was used to compare 2 different treatment strategies: large single administrations (LSAs) and rapid fractionation (RF) of small individual administrations separated by short time intervals. METHODS An integrated compartmental model of treatment pharmacokinetics and tumor response was used to compare alternative treatments that delivered identical absorbed doses to red marrow. RESULTS Based on the key assumption of uniform dose distributions, the LSA approach consistently produced smaller nadir values of tumor cell survival and tumor size. The predicted duration of remission was similar for both treatment structures. These findings held for both macroscopic and microscopic tumors and were independent of tumor cell radiosensitivity, proliferation rate, rate of tumor shrinkage, and uptake characteristics of radiolabeled material in tumor. CONCLUSION Clinical situations for which each treatment is most appropriate may be tentatively identified. An LSA using a short-range-emitting radionuclide would be most appropriate for therapy of microscopic disease, if uptake is relatively homogeneous. RF using a longer range emitter would be most appropriate for macroscopic disease, if uptake is heterogeneous and varies from one administration to another. There is a rationale for combining LSA and RF treatments in clinical situations in which slowly growing macroscopic disease and rapidly growing microscopic disease exist simultaneously.
Selenium-induced “Blind Staggers” and Related Myths. A Commentary on the Extent of Historical Livestock Losses Attributed to Selenosis on Western US Rangelands

,~~~,~~~ Signs of acute toxicity appear in diets containing selenium in excess of 5 ~pm.’~~ A common form of acute selenosis in cattle, sheep, and pigs at present is accidental overs~pplementation.~~.~~J~~J~~J~~ Concern about spontaneous forms of selenosis reemerged in the early 1980s due to a controversy about the extent and significance of losses in waterfowl at the Kesterson Wildlife Refuge in California, following contamination of irrigation wastewater by selenium.L07J21J22 Wildlife biologists concluded that deaths and teratogenic effects in wildfowl were due to selenosis, and regulatory agencies subsequently tightened regulations intended to restrict the exposure of people, domestic animals, and wildlife to se1enium.l The Federal Drug Administration recently attempted unsuccessfully to reduce the approved level of selenium in animal feeds from 0.3 to 0.1 mg/kg (dry Amended regulations have potentially significant implications for producers in selenium-deficient areas, and for imgation district^^^,^^ and mining industrie~~~,~~,~~ in seleniferous areas. Reviewers of the extent of selenosis in people living in seleniferous areas in the United States conclude that the problem is ~are.~O.~’ A localized problem developed under unusual circumstances in people in one area of China.163 Notwith
Dynamic p-enrichment schemes for multicomponent reactive flows

We present a family of p-enrichment schemes. These schemes may be separated into two basic classes: the first, called fixed tolerance schemes, rely on setting global scalar tolerances on the local regularity of the solution, and the second, called dioristic schemes, rely on time-evolving bounds on the local variation in the solution. Each class of p-enrichment scheme is further divided into two basic types. The first type (the Type I schemes) enrich along lines of maximal variation, striving to enhance stable solutions in ‘‘areas of highest interest.’’ The second type (the Type II schemes) enrich along lines of maximal regularity in order to maximize the stability of the enrichment process. Each of these schemes are tested on three model systems. The first is an academic exact system where basic analysis is easily performed. Then we discuss a pair of application model problems arising in coastal hydrology. The first being a contaminant transport model, which addresses a declinature problem for a contaminant plume with respect to a bay inlet setting. And the second, a multicomponent chemically reactive flow model of estuary eutrophication arising in the Gulf of Mexico.
A TIME-DEPENDENT MODEL FOR LONG-ROD PENETRATION*

Abstract The one-dimensional, quasi-steady-state, modified Bernoulli theory of Tate [J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 15, 287 (1967)] is often used to examine long-rod penetration into semi-infinite targets. In general., the time histories of penetration predicted by the Tate model can be in good agreement with those computed from numerical simulations. However, discrepancies exist between the model and numerical simulations at the beginning and at the end of penetration. From insights provided by numerical simulations, assumptions are made concerning the velocity and stress profiles in the projectile and the target. Using these assumptions, the time-dependent, cylindrically-symmetric, axial momentum equation is explicitly integrated along the centerline of the projectile and target to provide the equation of motion. The model requires the initial interface velocity—which can be found, for example, from the shock jump conditions-and material properties of the projectile and target to compute the time history of penetration. Agreement between the predictions of this one-dimensional, time-dependent penetration model are in good agreement with experimental results and numerical simulations.
The Order of Public Reason: A Theory of Freedom and Morality in a Diverse and Bounded World

1. The fundamental problem Part I. Social Order and Social Morality: 2. The failure of instrumentalism 3. Social morality as the sphere of rules 4. Emotion and reason in social morality Part II. Real Public Reason: 5. The justificatory problem and the deliberative model 6. The rights of the moderns 7. Moral equilibrium and moral freedom 8. The moral and political orders Appendix A: the plurality of morality Appendix B: Mozick's attempt to solve the prisoner's dilemma Appendix C: deontic utility functions Appendix D: the Kantian coordination game Appendix E: protection of property rights and economic freedom in states that do best at protecting civil rights.
The achievable rate region of 802.11-scheduled multihop networks

In this paper, we characterize the achievable rate region for any IEEE 802.11-scheduled static multihop network. To do so, we first characterize the achievable edge-rate region, that is, the set of edge rates that are achievable on the given topology. This requires a careful consideration of the interdependence among edges since neighboring edges collide with and affect the idle time perceived by the edge under study. We approach this problem in two steps. First, we consider two-edge topologies and study the fundamental ways they interact. Then, we consider arbitrary multihop topologies, compute the effect that each neighboring edge has on the edge under study in isolation, and combine to get the aggregate effect. We then use the characterization of the achievable edge-rate region to characterize the achievable rate region. We verify the accuracy of our analysis by comparing the achievable rate region derived from simulations with the one derived analytically. We make a couple of interesting and somewhat surprising observations while deriving the rate regions. First, the achievable rate region with 802.11 scheduling is not necessarily convex. Second, the performance of 802.11 is surprisingly good. For example, in all the topologies used for model verification, the max-min allocation under 802.11 is at least 64% of the max-min allocation under a perfect scheduler.
Mixed Model for Analyzing Geographic Variability in Mortality Rates

Abstract A mixed model is proposed for the analysis of geographic variability in mortality rates. In addition to demographic parameters and random geographic parameters, the model includes additional random-effects parameters to adjust for extra-Poisson variability. The model uses a gamma-Poisson distribution with a random scale parameter having an inverse gamma prior. An empirical Bayes approach is used to estimate relative risks for geographic regions and annual rates for demographic groups within each region. Lung cancer in Missouri is used to motivate and illustrate the procedure. Observed disease-specific death rates of specific age/sex groups, within regional units such as counties or cities, are generally quite unreliable for all but the largest units. The amount of information available from any one unit is generally limited. But modeling the variability between and within units can improve estimates, as demonstrated frequently in empirical Bayes examples. A numerical comparison with the fixed eff...
Real-time combined 2D+3D active appearance models

Active appearance models (AAMs) are generative models commonly used to model faces. Another closely related types of face models are 3D morphable models (3DMMs). Although AAMs are 2D, they can still be used to model 3D phenomena such as faces moving across pose. We first study the representational power of AAMs and show that they can model anything a 3DMM can, but possibly require more shape parameters. We quantify the number of additional parameters required and show that 2D AAMs can generate model instances that are not possible with the equivalent 3DMM. We proceed to describe how a non-rigid structure-from-motion algorithm can be used to construct the corresponding 3D shape modes of a 2D AAM. We then show how the 3D modes can be used to constrain the AAM so that it can only generate model instances that can also be generated with the 3D modes. Finally, we propose a real-time algorithm for fitting the AAM while enforcing the constraints, creating what we call a "combined 2D+3D AAM".
Nutrient Intake From Habitual Oral Diet in Patients With Severe Short Bowel Syndrome Living in the Southeastern United States

Abstract Objectives Little data are published on the habitual home oral diet of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Methods We assessed nutrient intake from oral food and beverages in 19 stable patients with severe SBS who live in the southeastern United States. Intestinal absorption of energy, fat, nitrogen (N), and carbohydrate (CHO) was determined in a metabolic ward. Results We studied 12 women and 7 men, age 48 ± 3 y of age (mean ± SE) receiving parenteral nutrition for 31 ± 8 mo following massive small bowel resection (118 ± 25 cm residual small bowel). The patients demonstrated severe malabsorption of energy (59 ± 3% of oral intake), fat (41 ± 5%), N (42 ± 5%) and CHO (76 ± 3%). Oral energy intake was 2656 ± 242 kcal/d (39 ± 3 kcal/kg/d) and oral protein intake was 1.4 ± 0.1 g/kg/d. Food/beverage intake constituted 49 ± 4% of total (enteral plus parenteral) daily fluid intake, 66 ± 4% of total daily kcal and 58 ± 5% of total daily N intake. Oral fat intake averaged 92 ± 11 g/day (≈35% of total oral energy). Oral fluid intake averaged 2712 ± 240 ml/d, primarily from water, soft drinks, sweet tea and coffee. Simple sugars comprised 42 ± 3% of oral CHO intake. Usual dietary intake of multiple micronutrients were below the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in a large percentage of patients: vitamin A (47%), vitamin D (79%), vitamin E (79%), vitamin K (63%), thiamine (42%), vitamin B6 (68%), vitamin B12 (11%), vitamin C (58%), folate (37%), iron (37%), calcium (63%), magnesium (79%) and zinc (68%). Only seven patients (37%) were taking oral multivitamin-mineral supplements and only six subjects (32%) were taking oral iron and calcium supplements, respectively. Conclusion In these SBS patients, an oral diet provided a significant proportion of daily nutrient intake. The types of foods and fluids consumed are likely to worsen malabsorption and thus increase PN requirements. Oral intake of essential micronutrients was very low in a significant proportion of these individuals.
Cognitive security protocol for sensor based VANET using swarm intelligence

Intelligent Transportation system (ITS) using wireless and mobile ad-hoc sensor network has inspired many autonomous applications. Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) is an emerging technology where vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communicate wirelessly using dedicated short-range communication band. In sensor based VANET (S-VANET) issues like response time, data aging, bandwidth, packet delivery, message prioritization and communication cost is a major concern. In this paper, we apply cognitive security protocol that disseminates information using distributed sensor technology while prioritizing prevention of data aging, efficient quality-of-service (QoS) and robustness against denial-of-service (DoS) attack. The reliability and optimality of the protocol is computed based on current mission response time and maintaining message authentication, integrity, confidentiality and non-repudiation.
Integrated Coherent Receivers for High-Linearity Microwave Photonic Links

In this paper, we present a coherent receiver based on an optical phase-locked loop (PLL) for linear phase demodulation. The receiver concept is demonstrated at low frequency. For high-frequency operation, monolithic and hybrid integrated versions of the receiver have been developed and experimentally verified in an analog link. The receiver has a bandwidth of 1.45 GHz. At 300 MHz, a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 125 dB ldr Hz2/3 is measured.
Manipulations of evaluative rating scales to increase validity

Standard five-point rating scales often do not allow raters to capture perceived differences between objects or individuals within a relatively narrow band of the evaluative dimension. In the frequency domain, using a longer rating scale or packing the rating scale with labels from a particular portion of the dimension of interest have both been shown by Hancock and Klockars in 1991 to increase rating validity for differentiating among a narrow range of performances. The present study investigates the effect of similar manipulations on the validity of ratings from evaluative rating scales. The correlations of evaluative ratings with experimentally manipulated (and hence known) performance tended to be fairly high regardless of the evaluative scale used.
Performance effects of innovative IT applications over time

There is evidence to indicate that the effects of new product and service innovations change over time as a result of learning and competition. However, there have not been any studies of the effects of learning and competition on the impacts of innovative information technology (IT) applications. This paper presents the results of an extensive study of the effects of very early investments in automated teller machines (ATMs) by banks, on market share and overall bank performance. The study spans the period from 1971 to 1984 and includes 2534 banks from across the United States. The results indicate that the impacts of early ATM investments can best be described by exponential and logistic models, indicating that the benefits were very small at first, but increased rapidly after a few years. In addition, the benefits obtained by the earliest adopters were larger than those obtained by the banks that adopted later. These results have important implications for IT investment decisions. The results also suggest that cross-sectional studies, conducted soon after an application is installed, may fail to find benefits even if large benefits are obtained.
Preventing traffic injuries: strategies that work

Motor vehicle crashes result in more than 40 000 deaths and 4.3 million nonfatal injuries annually. Many known effective strategies to address these preventable deaths and injuries are closely related to lifestyle factors. Clinicians can play a large part in supporting effective interventions in their practice, for example, by counseling patients about seat belt use. Clinicians can also have an impact in their community by supporting positive public policy change.
Music and the Expressive Arts with Children Experiencing Trauma.

The creative and expressive use of music can be a powerful therapeutic intervention with children and adolescents who have experienced trauma. In this article, a model for increasing self-awareness and self-understanding including materials, facilitation, and processing of musical activities in group format is presented. Creative activities such as the “feelings ensemble” and “feelings symphony” are illustrated in a case application with children transitioning back to school following a tornado. Implications for the role of expressive arts activities in the aftermath of a natural disaster are discussed.
Long-term follow-up of RTOG 92-10: cervical cancer with positive para-aortic lymph nodes.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the late toxicity and efficacy of twice-daily external irradiation to the pelvis and lumbar para-aortic region with brachytherapy and concurrent chemotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix with positive para-aortic lymph nodes. Patients and Methods: This study was designed to administer twice-daily radiation doses of 1.2 Gy to the pelvis and lumbar para-aortic lymph nodes (simultaneously) at 4–6-h intervals, 5 days per week. The total external radiation doses were 24–48 Gy to the whole pelvis, 12–36 Gy parametrial boost, and 48 Gy to the lumbar para-aortic region with an additional boost to a total dose 54–58 Gy to the positive para-aortic lymph node(s). One or two intracavitary implants were performed to deliver a minimum total dose of 85 Gy to point A. Cisplatin (75 mg/m 2 ; Days 1, 22, and 43) and 5-fluorouracil (1,000 mg/m 2 /24 h × 4 consecutive days, beginning on Days 1, 22, and 43) were given for two or three cycles. Results: Thirty patients with clinical Stages I–IV carcinoma of the cervix with biopsy-proven para-aortic lymph node metastases were enrolled in this study. Hyperfractionated external irradiation was completed in 87% (26 of 30). Brachytherapy was given in two implants to 47% (14 of 30) and in one implant to 33% (10 of 30); 13% (4 of 30) did not receive brachytherapy, 1 patient had three implants, and 1 had five high-dose-rate implants. Radiotherapy was completed per protocol in 70%. Three cycles of chemotherapy were given to 23% (7 of 30); 73% (22 of 30) received two cycles, and 1 patient did not receive chemotherapy. The acute toxicity from chemotherapy was Grade 1 in 3%, Grade 2 in 17%, Grade 3 in 48%, and Grade 4 in 28%. Acute toxicity from radiotherapy was Grade 1 in 7%, Grade 2 in 34%, Grade 3 in 21%, and Grade 4 in 28%. Late toxicity was Grade 1 in 10%, Grade 2 in 17%, Grade 3 in 7%, and Grade 4 in 17%. Grade 5 toxicity occurred in 1 patient during the course of therapy, but none had a late Grade 5 toxicity. The median follow-up time for the 7 patients alive at the time of last follow-up was 57 months. The overall survival estimates were 46% at 2 years and 29% at 4 years. The probability of local-regional failure was 40% at 1 year and 50% at 2 and 3 years. The probability of disease failure at any site was 46% at 1 year, 60% at 2 years, and 63% at 3 years. Conclusion: The results suggest that twice-daily external irradiation to the pelvis and lumbar para-aortic region with brachytherapy and concurrent chemotherapy resulted in an unacceptably high rate (17%, 5 of 29) of Grade 4 late toxicity. One patient died of acute complications of therapy. The survival estimates seem no better than standard fractionation irradiation without chemotherapy.
Expression of the rat MHC class I gene in the human B lymphoblastoid cell line Hmy 2 CIR.

SUMMARY Rat MHC class I cDNA (e.g. RT1.A1) can be expressed optimally as a heterodimer consisting of the rat heavy chain and the human (β2-microglobulin in the human B lymphoblastoid cell line Hmy 2 CIR, which offers several advantages. Gene expression was detected by flow cytometry using anti-human [β2-microglobulin and anti-rat heavy chain antibodies.
Variable phenotype of rapid‐onset dystonia‐parkinsonism

Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the rapid onset of dystonic spasms and parkinsonism over a period of a few hours to weeks after their onset. We have seen two additional members of this previously reported family with RDP who present with a more gradual progression of their disorder over 6-18 months. One of these individuals experienced the rapid progression of symptoms 2 years after an initial stabilization of his condition. The RDP phenotype is variable, and presentation may be gradual in some cases. Cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitter levels in these two and other family members suggest involvement of the dopaminergic pathways in RDP.
Does More Therapy in Skilled Nursing Facilities Lead to Better Outcomes in Patients With Hip Fracture

Background Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) have increasingly been providing more therapy hours to beneficiaries of Medicare. It is not known whether these increases have improved patient outcomes. Objective The study objectives were: (1) to examine temporal trends in therapy hour volumes and (2) to evaluate whether more therapy hours are associated with improved patient outcomes. Design This was a retrospective cohort study. Methods Data sources included the Minimum Data Set, Medicare inpatient claims, and the Online Survey, Certification, and Reporting System. The study population consisted of 481,908 beneficiaries of Medicare fee-for-service who were admitted to 15,496 SNFs after hip fracture from 2000 to 2009. Linear regression models with facility and time fixed effects were used to estimate the association between the quantity of therapy provided in SNFs and the likelihood of discharge to home. Results The average number of therapy hours increased by 52% during the study period, with relatively little change in case mix at SNF admission. An additional hour of therapy per week was associated with a 3.1-percentage-point (95% confidence interval=3.0, 3.1) increase in the likelihood of discharge to home. The effect of additional therapy decreased as the Resource Utilization Group category increased, and additional therapy did not benefit patients in the highest Resource Utilization Group category. Limitations Minimum Data Set assessments did not cover details of therapeutic interventions throughout the entire SNF stay and captured only a 7-day retrospective period for measures of the quantity of therapy provided. Conclusions Increases in the quantity of therapy during the study period cannot be explained by changes in case mix at SNF admission. More therapy hours in SNFs appear to improve outcomes, except for patients with the greatest need.
Chemosterilization of Male Tobacco Budworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Some Effects on Reproductive Physiology

Male tobacco budworm moths, Heliothis virescens (F.), treated topically with 20 μg of thiotepa or 50 μg of bisazir, were effectively sterilized, and they mated as often as untreated males. Although chemosterilized males and untreated males transferred sperm equally well, the females that mated with chemosterilized males laid fewer eggs than did those that mated with untreated males. Thiotepa-sterilized males competed with untreated males for females only when they were present in equal numbers; bisazir-sterilized males competed with untreated males at ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1.
IMPACT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA ON PROGNOSIS AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Thrombocytopenia confers an elevated risk of bleeding. Early and late outcomes, including bleeding, in patients with thrombocytopenia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain insufficiently characterized. We performed a retrospective single-center study of patients with
The Spontaneous Emergence of Language Variation from a Homogeneous Population

We present a large scale model of socio-phonetic micro-variation; the simulation involves a system of multiple vowels, each consisting of two acoustic formants, a continuous variable over which vowels may range. The population consists of approximate four thousand agents divided into two groups, each with a related underlying vowel system. In addition, the agents are equipped with a simple method of concept formation in response to their linguistic experience; this allows them to class acoustic input into phonemes. We show, first, that a heterogeneous population will, over time, blend their vowels into a coherent system of vowels. Second, when there are influential agents - Language Leaders - these leaders will introduce distortions into the blending process, although the vowels ultimately blend into a coherent system. Third, when the Language Leaders form a network over which the preferentially talk to each other, the resulting system will be distorted and the segregated groups will fail to blend. Finally, from this result we will show that a homogeneous population, segregated into two groups, will spontaneously exhibit language variation under the influence of language leaders who preferentially signal to each other over a network.
The Ureteral “J” Sign: Radiographic Demonstration Of Iatrogenic Distal Ureteral Obstruction After Ureteral Reimplantation

Progressive caliceal and ureteral dilatation in postoperative patients is assumed to be secondary to either postoperative distal ureteral stricture or ureteral atony. Any study used to differentiate obstruction from atony must be done with an awareness of the effect of a full bladder on the upper tracts, since it can by itself produce varying degrees of ureteral dilatation. We describe 2 patients who had virtually complete distal ureteral obstruction on anterograde pyelography with a "J" shaped distal ureteral segment. The striking observation was that the deformity and associated distal ureteral obstruction could be made to appear and disappear at will, merely by distending or emptying the bladder. We believe that this is an important factor in the progressive dilatation, as well as in the observed deterioration of renal function, and it is properly regarded as an iatrogenic complication.
Social Networking Technology Use and Engagement in HIV-Related Risk and Protective Behaviors Among Homeless Youth

Preliminary studies with homeless youth have found surprisingly pervasive social media use and suggest that youth’s online interactions may be associated with their HIV-related risk and protective behaviors. As homeless youth are transient and difficult to engage in place-based services, social media may represent a novel venue for intervention. A critical 1st step in intervention development is gaining greater understanding of how homeless youth use social media, especially as it relates to who they connect to and around what topics. Given the salience of social networking sites in the lives of these otherwise difficult-to-reach adolescents, and their potential to disseminate prevention interventions, this study assessed associations between online social networking technology use and HIV risk behaviors among homeless youth in Los Angeles, California. Homeless youth ages 13 through 24 (N = 1,046) were recruited through 3 drop-in centers and surveyed about their social media use and self-reported HIV-rela...
Physical modelling of a flight control system

This paper deals with the methods of physical modelling of Flight Control Systems (FCS) by means of Dynamically Similar free-flying Models (DSM) for the investigation of stability and controllability of aircraft at subsonic flight speeds. The subsonic flight regime allows us to avoid Mach number similarity considerations. The large scale of the DSM meets autosimilarity of Reynolds numbers, whilst Froude similarity is assured during the development and manufacturing of the DSM. This paper proves the presence of necessary and sufficient conditions of similarity for the FCS of an aircraft, and that of its DSM. The existence of necessary conditions have been proved both mathematically (by means of the π – Theorem from the theory of dimensions), and with equations involving physical quantities. The generalised scale coefficients for transitioning from the FCS’s aircraft gain factors, to those of the FCS of the DSM have been obtained, and it is shown that the coefficients depend only on the linear scale of the DSM.