cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fiber Optic Probe of a Flame for Copper Number Density Determination

Fiber optics have been used for remote analysis in order to maximize safety considerations for both equipment and personnel. As chemical sensors, they allow the exploration of small volumes or closed systems. A fiber optic probe has been used to study localized emission intensities from an rf glow discharge plasma. This note will show how one can use fiber optics to determine copper number densities in a flame without resorting to Abel inversion or using lasers to probe the flame.
The Preference of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacépède) for Selected Bait Species under Experimental Conditions

Abstract The preference of largemouth bass for selected bait species was tested under experimental conditions. Three fish species and one species of larval salamander were utilized in preference experimentation: Notemigonus crysoleucas, Carassius auratus, Lepidomeda mollispinis, and Ambystoma tigrinum. Preference experiments were conducted in 2.4 and 3.0 m plastic wading pools. A total of 23 bass, varying in weight from 84–499 g, was utilized in determining single, group and replicate profiles. Replicate experimentation was conducted with previously tested bass and/or bait combinations. Twenty-five experiments were completed which included 28 trial periods (14 single and 14 group) with a total trial time of 190 days. Largemouth bass showed a significant preference for spinedace and waterdogs over golden shiners and goldfish. However, bass did not show a significant preference for either species when spinedace and waterdogs were tested against each other. Goldfish were the least preferred bait item. The or...
Incidental vertebral fractures on chest radiographs. Recognition, documentation, and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Recognition of incidental vertebral fractures may be an important opportunity for identifying and treating osteoporosis.
Dysregulation of working memory and default‐mode networks in schizophrenia using independent component analysis, an fBIRN and MCIC study

Deficits in working memory (WM) are a consistent neurocognitive marker for schizophrenia. Previous studies have suggested that WM is the product of coordinated activity in distributed functionally connected brain regions. Independent component analysis (ICA) is a data-driven approach that can identify temporally coherent networks that underlie fMRI activity. We applied ICA to an fMRI dataset for 115 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 130 healthy controls by performing the Sternberg Item Recognition Paradigm. Here, we describe the first results using ICA to identify differences in the function of WM networks in schizophrenia compared to controls. ICA revealed six networks that showed significant differences between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Four of these networks were negatively task-correlated and showed deactivation across the posterior cingulate, precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, inferior parietal lobules, and parahippocampus. These networks comprise brain regions known as the default-mode network (DMN), a well-characterized set of regions shown to be active during internal modes of cognition and implicated in schizophrenia. Two networks were positively task-correlated, with one network engaging WM regions such as bilateral DLPFC and inferior parietal lobules while the other network engaged primarily the cerebellum. Our results suggest that DLPFC dysfunction in schizophrenia might be lateralized to the left and intrinsically tied to other regions such as the inferior parietal lobule and cingulate gyrus. Furthermore, we found that DMN dysfunction in schizophrenia exists across multiple subnetworks of the DMN and that these subnetworks are individually relevant to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In summary, this large multisite study identified multiple temporally coherent networks, which are aberrant in schizophrenia versus healthy controls and suggests that both task-correlated and task-anticorrelated networks may serve as potential biomarkers.
Some experiments on subjective optimisation

The assumption that experts can make approximately optimal subjective and unaided decisions underlies some parameter estimation methods and decision support approaches. We developed experimental testing software and evaluated the performance of student subjects in this kind of decision making for an operational business planning problem having three decision variables and two performance criteria. We computed a measure of error between an observed trial and an optimal one called decisional regret. Some theory-based assumptions about such measures are that they have either a gamma or Weibull distribution with a certain bound on the shape parameter, and also exhibit learning in repeated trials. We found strong support for the distributional assumption and learning properties, with weaker support for the shape parameter assumption. Overall, our results are supportive of the basic assumption.
Effects of chronic diazepam exposure on GABA sensitivity and on benzodiazepine potentiation of GABA-mediated responses of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons of rats.

Abstract This study examined the effects of chronic diazepam treatment on GABA sensitivity of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons and on the ability of benzodiazepines to enhance GABAergic responses of these neurons in rats. Chronic diazepam exposure failed to significantly alter the sensitivity of reticulata neurons to microiontophoretically applied GABA. However, following chronic diazepam treatment for 1 day, or 1, 3 or 7–11 weeks, reticulata neurons showed tolerance to additional systemically or iontophoretically applied benzodiazepines and displayed an increased firing rate following injection of Ro 15-1788. These changes were not apparent 24 h after cessation of chronic treatment. Thus, tolerance to the effects of benzodiazepines on reticulata neurons appeared to develop after a single day of diazepam exposure and to dissipate by 24 h after cessation of treatment. When compared to our previous studies on dorsal raphe neurons, these results demonstrate regional differences in neuronal responses to chronic diazepam exposure, which may help elucidate neural systems which are involved in tolerance to the various functional aspects of benzodiazepines.
Follicular steroidogenesis and gonadotropin binding to ovine follicles during the estrous cycle

The interrelationships among [125I]hCG binding in thecal and granulosa cells, antral fluid steroid concentrations, follicular size, and ovarian steroid secretion were examined at three different stages of the estrous cycle. Group 1 ewes were ovariectomized during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, and the other groups were ovariectomized before (group 2), or after (group 3) the peak of the preovulatory LH surge. Times of luteolysis and the LH surge were assessed by measurement of peripheral concentrations of progesterone and LH. Three patterns of [125I]hCG binding to follicles were noted: 1) binding to both thecal and granulosa cells (activated follicle), 2) binding to the thecal cell layer only, and 3) no observed binding. In general, there was one active follicle per ewe, or one per ovary, and the number of active follicles was not different from the number of corpora lutea in each of the three groups. The active follicles were significantly larger than the other two classes of follicles. Antral flu...
The Theory of Complex Spectra

Extending the paper of Slater (Phys. Rev. 34, 1293, 1929) on complex spectra, it is pointed out that assignment of definite electron configurations to spectral terms is an approximate procedure and only has meaning when the multiplet systems of the several configurations are widely separated. The effect of including spin terms is sketched. Non-diagonal matrix elements for the N-electron problem are reduced to corresponding elements for the 2-electron problem, as Slater did for the diagonal elements. Two-electron jumps occur because of the fact that spectral terms may not be precisely labelled by means of electron configurations.
The Effect of Training Staff in Office-based Smoking Cessation Counseling

A role for office staff members in smoking cessation counseling has recently been recognized and encouraged. We studied the impact of physician-staff team training in office-based smoking cessation counseling on staff members in 35 practices in Raleigh, North Carolina. Staff members who attended an educational meeting were compared with two groups: other staff members in their practices who did not attend the meeting and staff in other practices in which no one attended the meeting. Baseline attitudes toward and participation in smoking cessation activities were not significantly different among the three groups. Four months after the training, staff who had personally attended the meeting reported greater involvement in counseling activities than either of the two comparison groups. Attitudes toward involvement in counseling activities did not change significantly over the study period. Training staff members in office-based smoking cessation counseling may be a useful step toward increasing staff participation in these activities.
Stereopsis by harmonic analysis.

Abstract Stereoscopically viewed vertical gratings whose cycle widths differ by 10% fuse into a single grating rotated in depth. The perceived tilt can be predicted on the basis of a barwise computation of geometrical disparities, or on the basis of a comparison in terms of harmonic content. We have found that monocular gratings of similar cycle width but different harmonic content cannot be fused, whereas gratings similar in harmonic content but not in cycle width give good depth sensations. Such observations support the idea of stereopsis by harmonic analysis.
Ric-8B Is a GTP-dependent G Protein αs Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor

ric-8 (resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8) genes have positive roles in variegated G protein signaling pathways, including Gα(q) and Gα(s) regulation of neurotransmission, Gα(i)-dependent mitotic spindle positioning during (asymmetric) cell division, and Gα(olf)-dependent odorant receptor signaling. Mammalian Ric-8 activities are partitioned between two genes, ric-8A and ric-8B. Ric-8A is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Gα(i)/α(q)/α(12/13) subunits. Ric-8B potentiated G(s) signaling presumably as a Gα(s)-class GEF activator, but no demonstration has shown Ric-8B GEF activity. Here, two Ric-8B isoforms were purified and found to be Gα subunit GDP release factor/GEFs. In HeLa cells, full-length Ric-8B (Ric-8BFL) bound endogenously expressed Gα(s) and lesser amounts of Gα(q) and Gα(13). Ric-8BFL stimulated guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTPγS) binding to these subunits and Gα(olf), whereas the Ric-8BΔ9 isoform stimulated Gα(s short) GTPγS binding only. Michaelis-Menten experiments showed that Ric-8BFL elevated the V(max) of Gα(s) steady state GTP hydrolysis and the apparent K(m) values of GTP binding to Gα(s) from ∼385 nm to an estimated value of ∼42 μM. Directionality of the Ric-8BFL-catalyzed Gα(s) exchange reaction was GTP-dependent. At sub-K(m) GTP, Ric-BFL was inhibitory to exchange despite being a rapid GDP release accelerator. Ric-8BFL binds nucleotide-free Gα(s) tightly, and near-K(m) GTP levels were required to dissociate the Ric-8B·Gα nucleotide-free intermediate to release free Ric-8B and Gα-GTP. Ric-8BFL-catalyzed nucleotide exchange probably proceeds in the forward direction to produce Gα-GTP in cells.
It dices, it splices!

A novel class of molecular lesions that affect components of the splicing machinery is the focus of the work by Malcovati et al in this issue of Blood .[1][1] Their data confirm the strong correlation between splicing factor SF3B1 mutations and the presence of ringed sideroblasts in patients with
Both direct and indirect behavioral treatments are beneficial for the treatment of voice disorders in teachers

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Ziegler, A., Gillespie, A. I., & Abbott, K. V. (2010). Behavioral treatment of voice disorders in teachers. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 62(1–2), 9–23.Source of funding and disclosure of interest: Partially supported by grant No. R01 DC005643 from the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, to Dr. Katherine Verdolini Abbott (Principal Investigator) and colleagues. The commentary author reports no conflicts of interests and is solely responsible for the content of this structured abstract.
Electrostatic Spray Modification in Gas Turbine Combustion

The feasibility of using electrostatic fields as a practical means of altering existing gas-turbine-injector spray characteristics has been investigated. Results indicate that with electrical potentials typical of spark plug voltages, a significant modification of spray characteristics in terms of average droplet size reduction and increased spray cone angles can be produced. This suggests a means of expanding the utility of present combustors either by broadening the operating range for optimum performance with the design or by permitting more attractive combustion of nondesign fuels. A simple retrofit during engine overhaul would allow present combustors to operate with or without electrostatic spray modification. Nomenclature Cv = spray concentration by volume, dimensionless D32 =Sauter mean diameter, /mi ER = equivalence ratio, dimensionless / = current, A K =mean Mie scattering coefficient, dimensionless £ = extinction length, cm t = transmissivity of light, dimensionless T = temperature, °C F = accelerating potential, volts x = electrode gap, mm AT; = change in combustion performance, dimensionless 77* = combustion effectiveness parameter, dimensionless
Microstructure-property studies for semiconductor interfaces using high-resolution electron microscopy

Interface structure can play a critical role in determining the properties of microelectronic devices. Because morphological features on the sub-nanometer scale are often involved, high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) is becoming increasingly used as a characterization tool. The application of HREM is illustrated in this article by reference to work on Si-Si02 and Ti-Si interfaces, which are both important in contemporary integratei circuits. q© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Transfer Function Identification Using Orthogonal Fourier Transform Modeling Functions

A method for transfer function identification, including both model structure determination and parameter estimation, was developed and demonstrated. The approach uses orthogonal modeling functions generated from frequency domain data obtained by Fourier transformation of time series data. The method was applied to simulation data to identify continuous-time transfer function models and unsteady aerodynamic models. Model fit error, estimated model parameters, and the associated uncertainties were used to show the effectiveness of the method for identifying accurate transfer function models from noisy data.
Synergistic activation of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate early promoter by prostaglandin E2 and cytokines

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients, especially transplant recipients. In this population, infection is frequently due to reactivation of latent virus. The major immediate early promoter of HCMV controls production of immediate early gene products, which are both trans-and cis-active and are responsible for reactivation. Activation of this promoter is therefore a crucial step in regulation of reactivation infection. It is known that there are cAMP-response elements in the HCMV major immediate early promoter. We hypothesized that prostaglandins (PG), like PGE2, which are known to increase cAMP, as well as cytokines known to be released during acute inflammation, may be important in the regulation of this promoter and thus in reactivation of HCMV. To examine this, we transected pCAT760, a plastid containing the major immediate early promoter of HCMV upstream of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, into THP-1 cells. These cells wer...
HORMONE STUDIES WITH THE ULTRA-CENTRIFUGE II. THE CONCENTRATION OF ANTERIOR LOBE AND PITUITARY-LIKE HORMONES WITH THE ULTRA-CENTRIFUGE1

The purpose of this paper is to describe a first group of experiments designed to test the possibility of concentrating and separating the anterior lobe and pituitary-like hormones by means of the ultra-centrifuge. Preparations of castrate (menopause) urine, pregnant mare serum and flavianate extract of beef hypophysis were used. In a preliminary run with a solution of thyroglobulin, it was found that after 2 hr. at 600 r.p.s. practically all of the thyroglobulin had been centrifuged into the bottom cubic centimeter of each tube's contents. It was therefore arbitrarily decided to use speeds of 600–700 r.p.s. for 4 to 6 hr. in the attempt to concentrate the gonadotropic hormones. Table 1 shows the centrifugal fields at the top and bottom of the centrifuge tube at various speeds.
Response conflict theory, error rates and hybrid processing: A reply to McLeod☆

Abstract McLeod (1977) has proposed a parallel processing model of the psychological refractory period quite similar to an earlier model most recently adumbrated by Kantowitz (1974a). This article corrects some erroneous statements made by McLeod about the testability of the response conflict model and emphasizes the importance of error data in distinguishing among conceptually similar models of the PRP effect.
Delayed Periocular Hemorrhage After Upper Blepharoplasty

Periocular and orbital hemorrhage are rare complications of blepharoplasty, with a reported incidence of 0.055%. These complications are even less common more than 48 h after surgery. The authors report 2 cases of postoperative hemorrhage 5 and 8 days following uncomplicated upper blepharoplasty in which the initiating factor seems to have been uncontrolled hypertension. Details of the presentation, management and follow-up of each patient are described. These cases serve as an important reminder that patients must be appropriately counseled regarding the postoperative implications of their systemic conditions.
Effect of simultaneous diffusion and fall-out from stacks and aircraft

Abstract The distributions of the densities of gaseous and particulate contaminants taking into account the simultaneous effect of diffusion and fall-out from a source in a steady wind are computed. The results that are presented are applicable to stack plumes, exhaust emissions from jet aircraft, and processes which result in the transient injection of contaminants into the atmosphere. The solutions given are exact for constant species diffusivities and for Sutton diffusivities if the diffusion-fall-out interacting parameter remains constant. In addition, the influence of ground reflectivity is accounted for. Generalized dispersion charts are presented.
Effect of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons on excretion of protein and electrolytes by rat pancreas.

Treatment of rats with CCl4 or related chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) causes an increase in bile duct-pancreatic fluid (BDPF) flow. As a step toward understanding the mechanism, the electrolyte and protein concentrations of BDPF were compared in rats 24 hr after treatment with corn oil (control), CCl4, chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,1,2-trichloroethylene, or 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene. In all CAH treatment groups, BDPF flow was greater than control. For most CAHs tested, the concentration of protein in BDPF was less than control, sodium and bicarbonate concentrations were similar to control, and potassium and chloride concentrations were greater than control. BDPF protein concentration in rats infused with secretion (0.5 units/min, iv) was similar or less than that of CAH-treated rats. BDPF chloride and bicarbonate concentrations were lower and higher, respectively, in the secretin groups as compared to CAH treatment groups at similar rates of BDPF flow. In CCl4- and CHCl3-treated rats, enhanced BDPF flow was not blocked by atropine sulfate (5 mg/kg, iv) and was not affected by feeding or fasting during the 24-hr post-treatment period. Thus, CAHs alter BDPF protein and electrolyte concentrations, in addition to BDPF flow, by a mechanism that does not appear to involve secretin or cholinergic stimulation.
Studies on avian erythrocyte metabolism. VII. Effect of inositol pentaphosphate and other organic phosphates on oxygen affinity of the embryonic and adult-type hemoglobins of the turkey embryo.

The effects of 2.3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), inositol tetraphosphate (ITP), inositol pentaphosphate (IPP), and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) on oxygen affinity of whole “stripped” hemoglobin (WSH), hemcqlobin H (Hb-11; hatching hemoglobin), hemoglobin A (Hb-A), and hemoglobin D (Hb-D) isolated from erythrocytes (RBC) of the 25-day turkey embryo have been studied. The order of the decrease in oxygen affinity induced by these organic phosphates, at molar ratios of phosphate compound to hemoglobin (tetramer) between 2 and 4, is 2,3-DPG<ATP<TP<IPP<IHP. 2,3-DPG shows a slightly greater effect on reducing oxygen affinity of Hb-H than on either adult-type hemoglobin. The effect of IPP upon lowering the oxygen affinity of either WSII, Hb-H, Hb-A, or Hb-D is approximately 201 less than IHP. The effects of the various organic phosphates upon the Hill constant, n, of these purified hemoglobins is variable but appears to reach a maximum when the molar ratio of organic phosphate to...
Very-Early-Strength Latex-Modified Concrete Overlay:

The installation and condition of the first two very-early-strength latexmodified concrete (LMC-VE) overlays constructed for the Virginia Department of Transportation are described. The overlays were prepared with a special blended cement rather than with the Type I/II cement used in the conventional latex-modified concrete (LMC) overlay. LMC-VE mixture proportions, installation equipment, and procedures are similar to those used for conventional LMC overlays. However, when working with LMC-VE, the contractor must work faster because the concrete loses slump rapidly and the curing period is approximately 3 rather than 72 hours. Tests of the compressive strength of the LMC-VE overlay performed during the early hours after installation indicated that traffic could be placed on the overlay within 3 hours rather than within the 4 to 7 days required for the conventional LMC overlay. Tests of bond strength and permeability to chloride ion indicated that the overlays are performing satisfactorily and can be used...
Correlation Factors for Diffusion in Nondilute Alloys

Correlation factors for diffusion in binary and multicomponent alloys are calculated for a random-alloy model with diffusion by a vacancy mechanism. This model, which should apply best for nondilute alloys, assumes that atoms and vacancies are randomly distributed and that suitable average values can be used to represent the actual atom and vacancy jump frequencies in the crystal. In alloys, both atoms and vacancies follow correlated walks. Also, the atom correlation factors are influenced by the nonrandom motion of the vacancies. Thus, in order to treat correlation effects in concentrated alloys properly, one must consider not only the correlation factors ${f}_{i}$ for diffusion of atoms but also the correlation factor ${f}_{v}$ for diffusion of vacancies. In specific calculations, one also must find the partial correlation factors ${f}_{v}^{i}$ for diffusion of vacancies by exchange with atoms of the particular species $i$. Analytic expressions for all of these correlation factors are calculated. These equations can be expressed directly in terms of the measureable tracer-diffusion-coefficient ratios $\frac{{D}_{i}^{*}}{{D}_{k}^{*}}$ with no unknown jump frequencies appearing. The calculations also yield a forbidden region in the plot of diffusion-coefficient ratio as a function of alloy composition, with correlation factors going to zero at the boundary of this region. Specific applications to binary alloys are discussed.
The Influence of Residual Air and Moisture In Impregnated Paper Insulation

The paper describes experiments in study of the separate influence of residual air and moisture in impregnated paper as used for the insulation of high voltage cables. Some sixty similar samples are prepared, dried, evacuated, and impregnated under the same program, except as regards the pressure of evacuation and impregnation. In groups of three, the samples were evacuated at various absolute pressures between 2 mm. and 76 cm. Hg. The samples were brass tubes 2.54 cm. in diameter, 122 cm. long with 25 layers of wood pulp paper applied in the usual lapping spirals. Each sample was equipped with outside test and guard electrodes. Throughout their entire history, i. e., before and after impregnation, observations were made on the samples of their dielectric absorption and their final conductivity. These studies have led to the conclusions as to the influence of moisture. After impregnation, the samples are studied as to power-factor and dielectric loss over the range of electric stress 20 to 300 volts per mil, and of temperature 20 deg. cent. to 80 deg. cent. These studies have led, principally, to the conclusions of the influence of residual air. They show clearly the importance of thorough impregnation, and the conditions under which it may be accomplished. The causes of rising power-factor?voltage curves and methods of avoidance are clearly indicated. The principal results and conclusions are given at the end of the paper.
Capillary affinity chromatography and affinity capillary electrophoresis of heparin binding proteins

A new approach for separation, capillary affinity chromatography, is introduced for studying the interaction of heparin with antithrombin III and secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor. Heparin is covalently immobilized on the surface of an etched capillary through a silane spacer. The proteins are injected into the heparinized capillary, bound to the heparin, washed with buffer, eluted with sodium chloride in the same buffer using a pressure injection mode and eluting protein detected by absorbance. The resulting affinity separation is similar to that obtained from traditional affinity chromatography. The quantity of loaded protein in capillary affinity chromatography is at the nanogram level, offering an improvement over the milligram levels required for standard affinity chromatographic methods.
Towards the automated social analysis of situated speech data

We present an automated approach for studying fine-grained details of social interaction and relationships. Specifically, we analyze the conversational characteristics of a group of 24 individuals over a six-month period, explore the relationship between conversational dynamics and network position, and identify behavioral correlates of tie strengths within a network. The ability to study conversational dynamics and social networks over long time scales, and to investigate their interplay with rigor, objectivity, and transparency will complement the traditional methods for scientific inquiry into social dynamics. They may also enable socially aware ubiquitous computing systems that are cognizant of and responsive to the user's engagement with her social environment.
Thick amorphous ferromagnetic coatings via thermal spraying of spark-eroded powder

Abstract 300-μm thick amorphous ferromagnetic coatings were prepared by thermally spraying amorphous Fe75Si15B10 powder. The amorphous feedstock powder for the thermal spraying was made by the spark-erosion method. The Mossbauer, X-ray diffraction, chemical, and magnetic properties of the coatings were very similar to those of the spark-eroded powder. Consolidated magnetic amorphous materials have long been a technological goal, and are expected to provide substantial electrical energy savings.
The optics of wavefront sensing

This article reviews the fundamental principles by which wavefront aberrometers measure ocular aberrations. Three different ways of interpreting aberration measurements are described in terms of wavefront phase, slope, and curvature. Although curvature is the more familiar concept from geometrical optics, the wave optics concept of wavefront phase is more useful for understanding the nature of aberrated retinal images and for prescribing treatments to correct high-order aberrations.
Canine cyclin T1 rescues equine infectious anemia virus tat trans-activation in human cells.

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein and human Cyclin T1 mediate transcriptional activation by enhancing the elongation efficiency of RNA polymerase II. Activation of transcription of the related equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) requires a similar protein known as eTat, which does not function in human cells. Expression of equine Cyclin T1 in human cells rescues eTat function, suggesting a general mechanism of transcription activation among lentiviruses. Here we present the cloning of Cyclin T1 from canine D17 osteosarcoma cells, which support EIAV transactivation, and show that canine Cyclin T1 confers eTat transactivation to human cells. A two-amino-acid change, from 79-proline-glycine-80 to 79-histidine-arginine-80, confers on the human Cyclin T1 the ability to cooperate with eTat in transcriptional activation. These findings suggested that the regions of Cyclin T1 that interact with lentiviral Tat proteins and TAR RNA elements form an extended domain, which very likely has a conserved fold.
Increasing the evidence base on the role of the community in response to HIV/AIDS.

‘Effectiveness’ became a rallying cry for the international development community a decade ago, as governments and major aid donors recognised that spending more money on health and other projects in developing countries was not always achieving the desired results. Donors and host countries began to coordinate their efforts and to ‘manage for results’, meaning that they placed increased emphasis on the tangible results of aid in people's lives, and sought better ways to measure those results (World Bank, 2006).1 In the HIV and AIDS field, community-based organisations (CBOs) were at the forefront of the global response to the epidemic from the beginning and organised themselves to care for those in need (UNAIDS, 2006).2 CBOs working on HIV and AIDS now form a rich and complex web of organisations around the world, working along the entire continuum of prevention, care, treatment and support (Rodriguez-Garcia et al , 2011).3 Although CBOs have been receiving increased financial support from major aid donors, especially since 2000, their effectiveness was not initially documented in a systematic and rigorous way. The sheer variety of CBOs and the broad nature of their work have been the barrier to a structured evaluation of their impact. This special supplement to the …
Metal-metal multiply-bonded complexes of technetium. 3. Preparation and characterization of phosphine complexes of technetium possessing a metal-metal bond order of 3.5

Two new ditechnetium complexes possessing Tc-Tc bonds with a formal bond order of 3.5 have been prepared in high yield. Mild chemical oxidation of Tc{sub 2}Cl{sub 4}(PMe{sub 2}Ph){sub 4} with ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate in acetonitrile produces [Tc{sub 2}Cl{sub 4}(PMe{sub 2}Ph){sub 4}][PF{sub 6}] (1) in 82% yield. One-electron oxidation of Tc{sub 2}Cl{sub 4}(PMe{sub 2}Ph){sub 4} by ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate in the presence of ppnCl (ppn = bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium) yielded the neutral compound Tc{sub 2}Cl{sub 5}(PMe{sub 2}Ph){sub 3} (2) in 89% yield. Both species are paramagnetic, as evidenced by EPR spectroscopy, and possess a {sigma}{sup 2}{pi}{sup 4}{delta}{sup 2}{delta}{sup *} ground state electronic configuration on the basis of structural and spectroscopic data. The solid state structures of three forms of 1 have been investigated by X-ray crystallography together with the structure of 2. Electrochemical studies reveal that both compounds are capable of undergoing a one-electron oxidation and a one-electron reduction to yield the respective Tc{sub 2}{sup 6+} and Tc{sub 2}{sup 4+} dinuclear cores. IR, EPR, and UV-vis spectroscopic data are presented for compounds 1 and 2.
The Vaxonline Software System at Fermilab

The VAXONLINE software system, started in late 1984, is now in use at 12 experiments at Fermilab, with at least one VAX or MicroVax. Data acquisition features now provide for the collection and combination of data from one or more sources, via a list-driven Event Builder program. Supported sources include CAMAC, FASTBUS, Front-end PDP-11's, Disk, Tape, DECnet and other processors running VAXONLINE. This paper describes the functionality provided by the VAXONLINE system, gives performance figures and discusses the ongoing program of enhancements.
First North American record of powdery mildew of Cleome hassleriana caused by Leveillula taurica.

This report documents the first record of Leveillula taurica on a species of Cleome (spiderflower) in North America. The introduced plant pathogen Leveillula taurica (Lev.) G. Arnaud (anamorph = Oidiopsis sicula Scalia) occurs on a range of hosts in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), including onion and was identified infecting Cleome hassleriana Chod. (common name: pink queen, family: Capparaceae).
Three-Dimensional and Stereoscopic Graphics for Scientific Data Display and Analysis

Many scientists and technicians rarely venture beyond 2-D plots in their computer graphics. Since an additional dimension is so helpful?and accessible?3-D should be exploited.
Feasibility of Intelligent Monitoring of Construction Workers for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

This paper presents a feasibility study of a wearable computing system to protect construction workers from carbon monoxide poisoning. A pulse oximetry sensor has been integrated into a typical construction helmet to allow continuous and noninvasive monitoring of workers' blood gas saturation levels. To show the feasibility of monitoring for carbon monoxide poisoning without subjecting users to dangerous conditions, a prototype for monitoring blood O2 saturation was constructed and tested during a user study involving typical construction tasks to determine its reliability while undergoing motion. As monitoring for O2 and CO simply differ in the number of wavelengths of light employed, if monitoring O2 is feasible, then monitoring for CO will be feasible as well. Using this equivalency, the results of this initial study show that integrating an oximeter into a construction helmet will warn the user of impending carbon monoxide poisoning with a probability greater than 99%. Note to Practitioners-This work addresses the issue of carbon monoxide exposure on construction sites. A noninvasive blood oxygen saturation sensor, called a pulse oximeter, was integrated into a typical construction helmet to investigate the reliability of continuous monitoring of construction workers. The pulse oximetry sensing technology was shown to be reliable under typical construction tasks such that a worker would be alerted of impending carbon monoxide poisoning before becoming impaired. Additional work is required with more complex tasks as well as isolating the sensor from motion artifacts generated by head movement.
Making use of knowledge sharing technologies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that collaboration is a vital cog in the “wheel” of knowledge management. The exchange of knowledge between individuals and enterprises is accomplished by knowledge sharing technology, enabling tools that provide communication and knowledge capture in the form of wikis, blogs, online repositories, and instant messaging applications. In order to keep pace with the demands of the ever‐changing knowledge economy, organizations must be aware of the knowledge sharing tools that are in use today, customizing the technology to help them maintain a competitive advantage in the global marketplace. This article introduces knowledge sharing products that are readily available in the commercial market. Products distributed by SalesForce.com, BMC Software, DCASoft, and Atlassian are highlighted. An evaluation of Atlassian's Confluence collaboration product is provided.Design/methodology/approach – The paper lists the capabilities of product offerings by several companies,...
Lattice dynamics and molecular-dynamics study of quartz using a many-body variable potential

A many-body variable potential is used to study the structural phase transition of quartz. The most significant feature of this variable potential is that the parameters are separately fitted to two phases of quartz and are allowed to change as a function of temperature to account for any nuclear and electronic excitations at finite temperature. Lattice dynamics calculations at room temperature showed that this variable potential describes the dynamical properties of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-quartz with good accuracy. Molecular-dynamics calculations at various temperatures showed that the structural phase transition of quartz, as well as the associated anomalies, is well described by this variable potential. Analysis of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ phase at high temperature favored a disordered picture of the structure.
Do low-affinity ErbB receptor protein interactions represent the base of a cell signaling iceberg?

We recently described one of the most comprehensive and quantitative assessments of human ErbB receptor recruitment potential for SH2 domains to date using a high-throughput fluorescence polarizati...
Project fist: Fault isolation by semiautomatic techniques: Part II — Detailed instrumentation

This second and final part of the article discusses the details of the FIST test instrument, examines the configurations of some typical transformation networks, and describes the stimulus generators, which are used to furnish the test signal when the normal signal input to a module is inadequate for test purposes The method for fault isolation by semiautomatic techniques developed at the National Bureau of Standards, to which the acronym FIST has been applied, is a diagnostic tool for rapidly isolating faults in a modularized, noncomputer type of electronic equipment without removal of the modules from the prime equipment. It seeks to reduce the down time required for maintenance by combining modularized equipment, which minimizes the time and skill required to restore system operation, with a rapid, simple method for isolating defective modules. Although it has been devised to permit the novice technician to check module performance without being required to interpret data, it can also be used by the skilled technician to isolate a malfunctioning module rapidly, without reference to technical manuals and without prior knowledge of the equipment being tested.
Parotid gland enlargement and hypersialosis in a dog

A 9-month-old Chow was presented because of persistent drooling. Sialograms shown enlarged parotid salivary glands. The drooling was controlled by bilateral parotid duct ligation.
Modifying Activities to Produce Functional Outcomes: Effects on the Problem Behaviors of Students with Disabilities.

This article presents three empirical demonstrations of desirable effects that accrued from modifying curricular activities in accordance with individual students' interests. Participants were three elementary students with disabilities and diverse labels including autism, mental retardation, and emotional and behavioral disorder. In each case, the instructional objective was held constant; whereas, the context of the activity was modified so that it produced an outcome that was judged to be meaningful and reinforcing to the student. Reversal designs showed that each student exhibited less problem behavior and more on-task responding when the modified activity was presented. These results are discussed in relation to the applied and conceptual literatures on curricular design, student preference, and the expanding enterprise of positive behavioral support.
Estimating root respiration, microbial respiration in the rhizosphere, and root-free soil respiration in forest soils

Abstract We hypothesized that respiration measurements made using both the basal and excised-root respiration methods would allow us to quantify three important components of soil respiration: root respiration ( R root ), microbial respiration in the rhizosphere ( R rhizo ), and root-free soil respiration ( R rfs ). Root respiration determined by the basal method was approximately one-third greater than root respiration determined by the excised-root method (52 versus 32% of total soil respiration, respectively). Results from a decomposition model constructed for the root C fractions (easily decomposable, slowly decomposable, and recalcitrant) showed that the easily and slowly decomposable C fractions disappeared approximately 3 months after the basal respiration measurements began. Since these C fractions contained the majority of the C source for rhizosphere microorganisms (i.e., rhizodeposition), microbial respiration in the rhizosphere must have been severely reduced, indicating that respiration measured after 3 months must be dominated by microorganisms in the root-free soil ( R rfs ); this indicated that the basal method actually measured root-free soil respiration. This allowed us to fractionate the components of soil respiration based on the relationship: total soil respiration ( R total )= R root + R rhizo + R rfs ; subtracting R root(excised-root method) and R rfs(basal method) from R total gave us an estimate of microbial respiration in the rhizosphere; and the contribution of these three components to R total : R root =32%, R rhizo =20%, and R rfs =48%. These results are important because they suggest a way that soil respiration can be separated into at least three functionally different components, and they show that microbial respiration in the rhizosphere is a significant sink for photosynthetically-fixed C in forests.
The unified optimal projection equations for simultaneous reduced-order, robust modeling, estimation and control

An optimal design problem which unifies the reduced-order modeling, estimation and control problems is stated. Necessary conditions for optimality are obtained in the form of a coupled system of modified Riccati and Lyapunov equations. The results permit treatment of several new problems, such as reduced-order dynamic compensation with partially known disturbances and unified reduced-order control and estimation. Upon appropriate specialization, results obtained previously for the individual problems of reduced-order modeling, estimation and control are recovered. An additional feature is the inclusion of parameter uncertainty bounds so that the necessary conditions for an auxiliary minimization problem serve as sufficient conditions for simultaneous robust, reduced-order modeling, estimation and control.
Generation of a high-average-power and millijoule-level pulses with a tabletop soft x-ray laser

Millijoule-level laser pulses and multi-milliwatt average power have been obtained for the first time from a table-top soft x-ray laser. Laser pulses with energy up to 1 mJ and an average power of approximately equals 3.5 mW were generated at a wavelength of 46.9 nm by single pass amplification in a 34.5 cm long Ne-like Ar capillary discharge plasma. The large gain-length product of this plasma column allows for soft x-ray amplification in a highly saturated regime, resulting in very efficient energy extraction. An average laser output pulse energy of 0.88 mJ and peak power of 0.6 MW were obtained at a repetition rate of 4 Hz. The spatially coherent average power emitted by this 26.5 eV laser is comparable to that generated at this photon energy in a similar bandwidth ((Delta) (lambda) /(lambda) equals 10 -4 ) by a third-generation synchrotron beam-line, which its peak spatially coherent power exceeds that of the undulator by several orders of magnitude. With an estimated peak spectral brightness of approximately equals 1 X 10 23 photons/(s mm 2 mrad 2 0.01% bandwidth) this table-top laser is one of the brightest soft x-ray sources to date.
Mixing and sweeping out

A weakly mixing transformationT and a sequence (d n) are constructed such thatT is uniformly mixing on (d n),T is uniformly sweeping out on ([αd n]) for allα∈(0, 1), and for all rationalα∈(0, 1)T is not mixing on ([αd n]).
Phytohemagglutinin-enhanced hybrid colony formation by cells from aged mice: Expression of th 4mod-1 mouse locus in human-mouse hybrids

Cells from a continuous human line and freshly isolated cells from old adult mice heterozygous at theMod-1 locus were fused in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The production of hybrid cells, as a function of PEG concentration in the presence and absence of phytohemagglutining (PHA), was measured by cell survival and proliferation on selective medium. The incorporation of PHA into the fusion mixture allowed cell fusion to take place at nontoxic concentrations of PEG. PHA increased the frequency of cell fusion and increased the production of viable hybrid cells from 138- to over 2800-fold depending on cell type. The results suggest that the procedure may have broad application in promoting the fusion of cells sensitive to PEG. Clones were analyzed for isozymes of malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The expression of the gene encoding X-linked mouse glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase confirmed that the cells were hybrids. These cells lost other mouse isozymes rapidly. In those clones in which the mouse malic enzyme gene was expressed, the product ofMod-1α was detected significantly more frequently than that ofMod-1b.
Disaster recovery planning for academic computing centers

Planning for recovery from a disaster is quickly becoming recognized as a necessity for higher education computing installations. This article presents a structural framework, describes the stages, and tells how to implement a disaster recovery plan specifically geared to an academic computing organization.
Energetic particle composition at 1 au during periods of moderate interplanetary particle fluxes

It has recently been proposed that residual energetic ions from preceding impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events may contribute to the source population for the larger gradual events accelerated by CME-driven shocks (Mason et al., 1999). This suggests that there may be impulsive SEP material left in interplanetary space during periods relatively free of energetic particle activity. To test this idea we have studied the heavy ions and ^3He present at L1 during periods of low—to—moderate energetic particle fluxes between February 1998 and April 2000. Using the Solar Isotope Spectrometer on the Advanced Composition Explorer, we have measured the energy spectra of heavy elements (Z≥6) and ^3He over the ranges ∼8–20 MeV/nucleon and ∼4–15 MeV/nucleon, respectively. In these energy spectra, we have looked for spectral and compositional signatures typically characteristic of impulsive or gradual SEP events. We discuss the implications of these observations for the origin of particles accelerated in gradual SEP events.
Constraint Satisfaction Software for Architectural Lighting Design: A Case Study

AbstractSoftware based on Constraint Satisfaction Optimization is described which allows experienced lighting designers to select multiple bright and dark areas in architectural scenes and specify their desired and undesired appearance in terms of gloss, texture, surface relief and brightness of diffuse areas. Employing heuristics, the software determines desirable and undesirable light source locations. The method can handle multiple objects and extended surfaces such as walls, leading to the computer aided generation of lighting solutions and their visualizations within minutes to less than two hours of computer time. Additional constraints can be added, such as the height of targets above the floor, their orientation and tilt, their distance to illuminated objects, glare potential, and the casting of undesired shadows.