cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revealing self-stimulated dissociation in non-fullerene organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells

Our recent studies have found the unique phenomenon where the dissociation becomes a self-stimulated process occurring at donor:acceptor interfaces in non-fullerene organic solar cells [ITO/ZnO/C60-SAM/PM6:Y6/MoO3/Ag] with the remarkable power-conversion efficiency of 15.6 %. The self-stimulated dissociation was discovered by monitoring the dissociation at D:A (PM6:Y6) interfaces with our magneto-photocurrent measurement. It was observed that, as the excitons are increased, the dissociation at D:A interfaces becomes surprisingly easier, once the non-fullerene Y6 molecules are optically excited. This presents a self-stimulated dissociation where the electron-hole pairs experience an internal stimulation at D:A interfaces to dissociate into free carriers. This presentation will discuss the underlying mechanism of establishing self-stimulated dissociation in non-fullerene organic solar cells towards developing high-efficiency photovoltaics in non-fullerene organic solar cells.
Premarital Education in the Catholic Church: Exploring Retrospective Perceptions of Effectiveness of a Theologically Oriented Program on Relational and Spiritual Outcomes

The effectiveness of a theology-focused marriage preparation program was tested for a group of Catholic couples (N=200). Each couple had been married for less than five years and participated in th...
Synergistic effects of processing parameters on the biochemical and physical properties of tofu made from yellow field pea (Pisum sativum), as determined by response surface methodology

Peas are an underutilized crop that do not require allergen labeling and are rarely genetically modified. Peas contain less protein than soy and vary in protein composition. Because peas contain more starch than soy and less lipids, an alternative procedure for pea tofu production needs to be developed to prevent excessive starch gelatinization while promoting curd development. To accomplish this, a response surface model design was utilized to determine optimal oil addition, cook time, and salt concentration. Treatment ranges were from 0.0% to 4.2% for oil addition, 60-134 min for cook time, and 5.0%-9.2% for MgCl2 addition. Treatments had varying effects on tofu texture. Cook time was directly proportional to the hardness and could be used to match the soft, firm, and extra firm texture targets of conventional soy tofu. Protein secondary structure was not related to gel strength, indicating a system with synergies between multiple components other than protein. This research will help satisfy the growing demand for alternatives to soy-based foods.
Incidence of early-onset gastric and esophagus cancers has changed over time with disproportionate impact on Black and Hispanic patients.

171Background: The increased incidence of gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma has been well-described, but how the proportion of early versus older onset cancer has changed over time remains ...
Feasibility and acceptability of mindful recovery opioid use care continuum (M-ROCC): A concurrent mixed methods study.

Abstract As opioid overdose deaths increase, buprenorphine/naloxone (B/N) treatment is expanding, yet almost half of patients are not retained in B/N treatment. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) designed to promote non-judgmental awareness of present moment experience may be complementary to B/N treatment and offer the potential to enhance retention by reducing substance use and addressing comorbid symptoms. In this pilot study, we examined the feasibility and acceptability of the Mindful Recovery OUD Care Continuum (M-ROCC), a trauma-informed, motivationally sensitive, 24-week MBI. Participants (N = 18) were adults with Opioid Use Disorder prescribed B/N. The study team conducted assessments of satisfaction, mindfulness levels, and home practice, as well as qualitative interviews at 4 and 24-weeks. M-ROCC was feasible in a sample with high rates of childhood trauma and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses with 89% of participants retained at 4-weeks and 72% at 24-weeks. Positive qualitative interview responses and a high rate of participants willing to refer a friend (100%) demonstrates program acceptability. Participant mindfulness increased from baseline to 24-weeks (β = 0.24, p = 0.001, d = 0.51), and increases were correlated with informal mindfulness practice frequency (r = 0.7, p
A projection-based, semi-implicit time-stepping approach for the Cahn-Hilliard Navier-Stokes equations on adaptive octree meshes.

We present a projection-based framework for solving a thermodynamically-consistent Cahn-Hilliard Navier-Stokes system that models two-phase flows. In this work we extend the fully implicit method presented in Khanwale et al. [{\it A fully-coupled framework for solving Cahn-Hilliard Navier-Stokes equations: Second-order, energy-stable numerical methods on adaptive octree based meshes.}, arXiv:2009.06628 (2020)], to a block iterative hybrid method. We use a projection-based semi-implicit time discretization for the Navier-Stokes and a fully-implicit time discretization for the Cahn-Hilliard equation. We use a conforming continuous Galerkin (cG) finite element method in space equipped with a residual-based variational multiscale (RBVMS) formulation. Pressure is decoupled using a projection step, which results in two linear positive semi-definite systems for velocity and pressure, instead of the saddle point system of a pressure-stabilized method. All the linear systems are solved using an efficient and scalable algebraic multigrid (AMG) method. We deploy this approach on a massively parallel numerical implementation using parallel octree-based adaptive meshes. The overall approach allows the use of relatively large time steps with much faster time-to-solve. We present comprehensive numerical experiments showing detailed comparisons with results from the literature for canonical cases, including the single bubble rise and Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
Rapid sequence evolution is associated with genetic incompatibilities in the plastid Clp complex

The plastid caseinolytic protease (Clp) complex plays essential roles in maintaining protein homeostasis and comprises both plastid-encoded and nuclear-encoded subunits. Despite the Clp complex being retained across green plants with highly conserved protein sequences in most species, examples of extremely accelerated amino acid substitution rates have been identified in numerous angiosperms. The causes of these accelerations have been the subject of extensive speculation but still remain unclear. To distinguish among prevailing hypotheses and begin to understand the functional consequences of rapid sequence divergence in Clp subunits, we used plastome transformation to replace the native clpP1 gene in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) with counterparts from another angiosperm genus (Silene) that exhibits a wide range in rates of Clp protein sequence evolution. We found that antibiotic-mediated selection could drive a transgenic clpP1 replacement from a slowly evolving donor species (S. latifolia) to homoplasmy but that clpP1 copies from Silene species with accelerated evolutionary rates remained heteroplasmic, meaning that they could not functionally replace the essential tobacco clpP1 gene. These results suggest that observed cases of rapid Clp sequence evolution are a source of epistatic incompatibilities that must be ameliorated by coevolutionary responses between plastid and nuclear subunits.
Integrating energy storage as a non-wires alternative for distribution capacity

There is a growing interest to consider energy storage (ES) and other non-wires alternatives (NWAs) to conventional distribution system solutions in applications such as distribution capacity, feeder reliability and integration of distributed energy resources. However, as ES is not a very common grid asset, yet, distribution system operators do not have well-established practices to evaluate ES as NWA. In particular, it is not clear how ES will influence the various aspects of the general distribution planning process and what new assessments distribution planners may need to perform. This study discusses the additional considerations and analytics that distribution planners need to perform at various stages of the general distribution planning process when considering ES as an NWA for distribution capacity. These discussions are related to defining the planning criteria and inputs, assessing the distribution system capacity needs, designing the ES NWA solution, stacked services, and economic comparison of ES NWA designs and conventional distribution capacity solutions. Streamlining the use of planning resources with the aid of screening criteria and methods is also discussed.
The dynamics of wage determination in Romania

This article examines wage developments in Romania over the last 20 years, discusses the evolving role of government wage policy and structural labour market changes, and analyses the dynamics of the wage determination process. It finds that government wage policy has had a significant demonstration effect on private sector wages, driven mainly by policy decisions over the past few years. The article also finds strong causality from private sector wages to wages in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and government. No causality was found for changes in government wages to wages in SOEs or from SOE wages to private sector wages.
PC shareware programs for analog system design

The author presents a description of a set of computer programs which have been shown to have useful capabilities in the analysis and synthesis of analog systems. Among the operations implemented by these programs are CAD of integrated circuits, sinusoidal steady-state analysis of circuits and of network functions, determination of inverse Laplace transforms, plotting of three-dimensional functions, analysis of switched-capacitor filters, generation of filter approximations, state-variable analysis of control systems, active RC filter design, symbolic analysis, and others. The programs are all available as shareware for a minimal charge to cover shipping and handling. They are all implemented on an IBM or compatible personal computer. >
On the reaction mechanism of Crotalus adamanteus L-amino acid oxidase.

Abstract The flavin semiquinoid form of l-amino acid oxidase has been found not to be reduced further by l-amino acids. By rapid reaction spectrophotometry, the long wave length-absorbing intermediate formed transiently in the reduction of the enzyme by l-amino acids has been shown not to be attributable to the uncombined semiquinoid species, but to involve also some contribution from the substrate. Kinetic studies of the reaction show that a ternary complex of enzyme, substrate, and oxygen is involved in the over-all catalytic reaction. The significance of these findings in terms of the catalytic reaction mechanism is discussed.
Effects of the moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, fluconazole, on the pharmacokinetics of fesoterodine in healthy subjects

AIMS To assess the effects of fluconazole, a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety/tolerability of fesoterodine.
Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods for measuring dipeptide abundance in non‐small‐cell lung cancer

Rationale Metabolomic profiling is a promising methodology of identifying candidate biomarkers for disease detection and monitoring. Although lung cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, the lung tumor metabolome has not been fully characterized. Methods We utilized a targeted metabolomic approach to analyze discrete groups of related metabolites. We adopted a dansyl [5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalene sulfonamide] derivatization with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to analyze changes of metabolites from paired tumor and normal lung tissues. Identification of dansylated dipeptides was confirmed with synthetic standards. A systematic analysis of retention times was required to reliably identify isobaric dipeptides. We validated our findings in a separate sample cohort. Results We produced a database of the LC retention times and MS/MS spectra of 361 dansyl dipeptides. Interpretation of the spectra is presented. Using this standard data, we identified a total of 279 dipeptides in lung tumor tissue. The abundance of 90 dipeptides was selectively increased in lung tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. In a second set of validation tissues, 12 dipeptides were selectively increased. Conclusions A systematic evaluation of certain metabolite classes in lung tumors may identify promising disease-specific metabolites. Our database of all possible dipeptides will facilitate ongoing translational applications of metabolomic profiling as it relates to lung cancer.
Off-line computing for experimental high-energy physics

The needs of experimental high-energy physics for large-scale computing and data handling are explained in terms of the complexity of individual collisions and the need for high statistics to study quantum mechanical processes. The prevalence of university-dominated collaborations adds a requirement for high-performance wide-area networks. The data handling and computational needs of the different types of large experiment, now running or under construction, are evaluated. Software for experimental high-energy physics is reviewed briefly with particular attention to the success of packages written within the discipline. It is argued that workstations and graphics are important in ensuring that analysis codes are correct, and the worldwide networks which support the involvement of remote physicists are described. Computing and data handling are reviewed showing how workstations and RISC processors are rising in importance but have not supplanted traditional mainframe processing. Examples of computing systems constructed within high-energy physics are examined and evaluated.
Topical tacrolimus alcohol induced flush presenting as food allergy

Abstract Rationale Topical treatment with tacrolimus may be complicated by ingestion related flushing after consuming small amounts of alcohol that can be mistaken for food allergy. Methods The case history of a representative patient with an alcohol induced reaction to local tacrolimus treated dermatitis is reviewed. Results A patient with a history of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, oral allergy syndrome and fish anaphylaxis was evaluated for ingestion related facial eruptions which began shortly after instituting topical tacrolimus to his peri-oral and peri-orbital eczema. Food allergy was first thought to be the problem with beer the most frequent trigger. Over time, it became clear that alcohols, including neutral spirits like vodka, were also implicated. An in office challenge was done with less than 1 ounce of white wine. Within 2-3 minutes of ingestion, there appeared an intense, non-pruritic erythema restricted to the areas of applied tacrolimus (peri-oral and peri-orbital distribution). In discussions with Fujisawa (maker of Protopic® brand of topical tacrolimus) they acknowledged receiving other anecdotal reports of topical tacrolimus related alcohol induced flushing. On this basis tacrolimus use was discontinued and within 2 weeks, the alcohol flush reaction disappeared but the eczema returned. Since the initial case presentation, this practice has seen two more patients with similar stories and response to tacrolimus cessation. Conclusions A careful history including alcohol use should be obtained in patients who use topical tacrolimus presenting with new skin complaints, as these may be evidence of an avoidable drug interaction and not worsening of atopic disease or an additional food allergy.
Key electronic states in lithium battery materials probed by soft X-ray spectroscopy

Abstract The formidable challenges for developing a safe, low-cost, high-capacity, and high-power battery necessitate employing advanced tools that are capable of directly probing the key electronic states relevant to battery performance. Synchrotron based soft X-ray spectroscopy directly measures both the occupied and unoccupied states in the vicinity of the Fermi level, including transition-metal- 3d and anion- p states. This article presents the basic concepts on how fundamental physics in electronic structure could provide valuable information for lithium-ion battery applications. We then discuss some of our recent studies on transition-metal oxide based cathodes, silicon based anode, and solid-electrolyte-interphase through soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. We argue that spectroscopic results reveal the evolution of electronic states for fingerprinting, understanding, and optimizing lithium-ion battery operations.
Treatment options in lymph node-positive prostate cancer

With improved awareness and screening, the incidence of lymph node-positive prostate cancer has declined dramatically over the last 50 years. Stage of cancer, prostate-specific antigen, and grade are risk factors for positive lymph nodes; and those factors, along with the number of involved lymph nodes, are prognostic factors for outcome. Although the numbers have declined, the number of men with lymph node-positive prostate cancer remains significant, and the current challenge is how best to treat these patients. Commonly used treatments include any combination of androgen ablation, surgery, and radiation. There have been a few studies with chemotherapy, and no treatment has been proven superior to the others. Consequently, there remain several reasonable alternatives to treatment, and long-term survival is not unusual.
On the Development of Digital Signatures for Author Identification

With the increasing numbers of books converted to a digital format, represented generally with underlying ASCII text, it is now feasible to perform frequency analyses on the components of a book. This leads to the question of whether or not frequency analysis can be used as a biometric tool to determine authorship, in other words, to be used as a digital signature for author identification. The results of this study indicate some positive findings, and that there is potential in further study of this type of analysis. The importance of this area of research is intensified because of the current projects to digitize all of the world's literature.
Cycle factorizations of cycle products

Abstract Let n and k 1 , k 2 ,…, k n be integers with n > 1 and k i ⩾ 2 for 1 ⩽ i ⩽ n . We show that there exists a C s -factorization of Π i =1 n C 2 k i if and only if s = 2 t with 2 ⩽ t ⩽ k 1 + ··· + k n . We also settle the problem of cycle factorizations of the d -cube.
Fluorescence and photodissociation of rhodamine 575 cations in a quadrupole ion trap

The fluorescence and photodissociation of rhodamine 575 cations confined to a quadrupole ion trap are observed during laser irradiation at 488 nm. The kinetics of photodissociation is measured by time-dependent mass spectra and time-dependent fluorescence. The rhodamine ion signal and fluorescence decay are studied as functions of buffer gas pressure, laser fluence, and irradiation time. The decay rates of the ions in the mass spectra agree with decay rates of the fluorescence. Some of the fragment ions also fluoresce and further dissociate. The photodissociation rate is found to depend on the incident laser fluence and buffer gas pressure. The implications of rapid absorption/fluorescence cycling for photodissociation of dye-labeled biomolecular ions under continuous irradiation are discussed.
Cue-Induced Cigarette Cravings and Smoking Cessation: The Role of Expectancies

INTRODUCTION Cue-induced cigarette cravings have been oft studied as potentially important predictors of smoking cessation outcomes. The literature on the relationship between cue-induced cravings and cessation, however, remains mixed. One possible explanation for the discrepant results in the literature may be the as-yet untested variability in expectancies of craving. Indeed, as with many interoceptive responses, cravings and their downstream consequences may be influenced by expectancies. To date, no study has examined the influence of expected cravings following smoking cue exposures on actual craving experiences and cessation outcomes. The objective of this study, therefore, was to test the possibility that smokers' expected craving levels in response to smoking cues would be related to actual cravings following cue exposure and that expected cravings would be related to cessation outcomes. METHODS Nicotine-dependent adult smokers (n = 153) were exposed to sets of neutral and smoking cues and completed questionnaires assessing (a) prior to the exposures, the cigarette craving levels they expected to experience following the cue exposures and (b) following the exposures, their actual craving levels. Participants also reported the duration of their most recent quit attempt and their perceived future quit difficulty. RESULTS Findings indicated that expected cravings assessed prior to the cue exposures were significantly related to actual cravings following the exposures. In addition, both expected cravings and actual cravings were related to shorter previous quit duration and higher perceived quit difficulty. CONCLUSIONS Study results highlight the importance of considering both expected and actual cravings in cue-induced craving paradigms.
The 1990 Borden Award Lecture. Dietary regulation of fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism.

The level of circulating triacylglycerols is determined by the balance between their delivery into the plasma and their removal from it. Plasma triacylglycerols are derived either from dietary fat as chylomicrons or from endogenous hepatic synthesis as very low density lipoproteins. Their removal occurs through the action of lipoprotein lipase after which the fatty acids are either stored in adipose tissue or oxidized, primarily in skeletal muscle and heart. The composition of the diet has been shown to influence many of these processes. Hepatic fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol secretion are affected by the quantity and composition of dietary fat, carbohydrate, and protein. Polyunsaturated but not saturated fats reduce hepatic fatty acid synthesis by decreasing the amount of the lipogenic enzymes needed for de novo fatty acid synthesis. Dietary fish oils are particularly effective at reducing both fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol secretion and as a result are hypotriacylglycerolemic, parti...
Impact of single immunosuppressive drug withdrawal on lymphocyte immunoreactivity.

Abstract Background Chronic rejection is a major cause of graft loss in kidney transplant recipients. Nonadherence to drug therapy is a well-recognized cause of chronic rejection leading to long-term graft dysfunction and failure for transplant recipients. Immunosuppressive medications with short half-lives that require frequent dosing, such as tacrolimus, complicate transplant regimens and may increase noncompliance. Regimens could be simplified using drugs with long half-lives requiring once-daily administration, such as sirolimus. The impact of missing doses of single agents has not been studied extensively. Erratic compliance or temporary discontinuation of immunosuppressive drugs may have significant implications for chronic rejection. Methods Our study evaluated the impact of single drug withdrawal of commonly used immunosuppressive agents (sirolimus and tacrolimus) on lymphocyte responses. We analyzed lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine secretion, and adenosine triphosphate generation using a crossover study design with normal healthy patients. Lymphocyte proliferation was assessed using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation, and T cell function was analyzed by examining adenosine triphosphate generation. Results Our results indicate that sirolimus exerts prolonged suppression of lymphocyte proliferation and decreased interleukin 17A that lasts up to 48 h after drug withdrawal. In comparison, tacrolimus did not have a similar effect on lymphocyte proliferation or interleukin 17A secretion. Conclusion Future analysis of sirolimus in diverse transplantation populations merits investigation.
Realizing Finite Groups in Euclidean Space

A set of points W in Euclidean space is said to realize the finite group G if the isometry group of W is isomorphic to G. We show that every finite group G can be realized by a finite subset of some Rn, with n < |G|. The minimum dimension of a Euclidean space in which G can be realized is called its isometry dimension. We discuss the isometry dimension of small groups and offer a number of open questions.
Nonmeasurability of the quantum numbers of a black hole

We consider neutral-meson (scalar and vector), electromagnetic, and neutrino quantum fields interacting with classical sources on a Schwarzschild background. The meson fields decouple from the source when it reaches $r=2m$. This means that the coupling constant is effectively set equal to zero at the horizon. Such a phenomenon does not happen for an electromagnetic field. The sharp difference between vector mesons of any mass and photons suggests that charged black holes can exist only if the photon mass is exactly zero. Neutrinos do not decouple from the source either, but the remaining coupling is given by an unobservable phase factor. These results provide further evidence in favor of Wheeler's conjecture that the only measurable quantum numbers of a black hole are mass, charge, and angular momentum and that, consequently, the laws of conservation of baryon and lepton number are "transcended" in black-hole physics.
Animat Market - Trading Interactions as Collective Social Adaptive Behavior

We argue that human economic interactions, particularly bargaining and trading in market envi ronments, can be considered as collective social adaptive behaviors. Such interactions are social in the sense that they depend on socially-agreed market regulations and communication protocols, and are collective in the sense that global market dynamics depend on the interactions of groups of traders. Moreover, the tools and techniques of adaptive behavior research could be profitably employed to build predictive models of existing or planned market systems. Despite these poten tial applications, we note that there is a near-total absence of papers in the adaptive behavior lit erature that deal with autonomous agents capable of exhibiting trading behaviors. We summarize work in experimental economics where human trading behavior is studied under laboratory con ditions. We propose that such experiments could and should be used as 'benchmarks' for evaluat ing and comparing different architectures and strategies fo...
Micrographia in Parkinson's disease

A computational neural model of movement production in normal and Parkinson's disease (PD) is used to provide a neural account for the source of micrographia in PD handwriting. It is hypothesized that smaller than normal pallido-thalamic signals, due to dopamine depletion, are responsible for the observed overall smallness, slowness and variability in PD handwriting. Experimental data from PD patients that show micrographia support this hypothesis and imply the functional segregation of basal ganglia neural populations.
Evaluating Relative Instructional Effectiveness and Efficiencies of Design Activities for Product Platform Planning

Product Platform Planning is markedly different from the traditional product development process and a relatively new development in engineering design. To present the basic principles of this new and different engineering design topic as well as current research on planning and architecting families of products, in our previous study, we developed an online resource. The tool includes a set of three cases, a tutorial, and a glossary in a multimedia format hosted on the Internet. The cases are based on a family of product power tools. They present information in the form of function diagrams, assembly diagrams, customer needs and market-segment data. In addition, they have been designed to provide different product platform assignments at an increasing level of complexity. This paper presents two preliminary quantitative methods to evaluate the instructional effectiveness and efficiencies of the learning tool. Also, a model linking the two methods is proposed. The proposed model is defined in terms of two nodes: service delivery node and learning node. The learning node involves analyzing the effectiveness of the tool, which is based on the students’ design concepts for the case assignments. The service delivery node involves analyzing the efficiency of the tool, which is based on the case studies and three output variables—assignment appropriateness, clarity, and effectiveness—and a single input variable—assignment technical complexity. The performance of both nodes is measured using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The measurement experiment was conducted with five undergraduate students at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University who participated in a summer National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) program focused on product platform planning. A major outcome of this research is an improved understanding of relative instructional effectiveness and efficiencies of the learning activities for product platform planning. Also, a model to relate these two analyses quantitatively is developed. Furthermore, it contributes in terms of developing a relative measurement of instructional efficiencies of design activities with the simultaneous considerations of their desired outputs and input variables.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Size and Characteristics of Foreign Immigration in Italy

During the 1980s Italy radically changed its position in the international migration system from supplier of labour to user of foreign labour. But the nature of Italian immigration is different from that which has marked the post-war process of European development: new immigration flows are no longer an instrument of quantitative rebalancing of labour markets but instead acquire a function of qualitative rebalancing in sectors where there appears to be a lack of labour supply in particular jobs and qualifications. This paper combines the information available from official sources with those obtainable by the numerous special surveys which have been carried [out]...in the last few years. This framework allows us to underline--even with the limitations due to still-backward documentation--the characteristics of present immigration by now firmly rooted in the country but still far from reaching a stable and definitive arrangement. (EXCERPT)
149 LIGATION OF ANOMALOUS LEFT CORONARY (ALC)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate 3 patients 8-9 years after the ligation of an ALC at its insertion into the main pulmonary artery during the first year of life. The patients at 2, 4 and 8 months of age were in growth failure and profound congestive heart failure. Chest x-ray showed marked cardiomegaly and electrocardiogram (ECG) showed left ventricular enlargement (LVE) and deep Q waves in leads L1, AVL and V6 with flat to inverted T waves in the V leads. Cardiac catheterization (CC) and angiocardiography (A) showed the ALC (2, L-R; 1, bidirectional shunt), a dilated poorly contracting left ventricle (LV) in 3, and mitral insufficiency (MI) in 2 patients. All 3 patients had the ALC ligated and were asymptomatic and showed normal growth and development 8-9 years after operation. Two patients had normal heart size by x-ray and 1 showed only slight LVE. The ECG was normal in 1 and showed slight LVE by voltage in 2. Bicycle exercise stress test was normal in all 3, as was a Thallium 201 myocardial imaging scan. CC and A showed normal intercardiac pressures, slight dysfunction of the posterior wall of the LV in 2, slight MI in 2 and well developed collateral vessels from the right to the left coronary artery in 3. Although the present day popular treatment is to implant the ALC into the aorta either directly or with a graft, ligation may also give excellent results and preserve the developed collateral circulation.
Low-Grade Metamorphism of Tuffaceous Rocks in the Karmutsen Group, Vancouver Island, British Columbia,

The Triassic Karmutsen Group of central Vancouver Island consists of 18,000 ft of pillow lava and breccia, aquagene tuff, massive amygdaloidal volcanic flows, and thin inter-lava limestone beds. Low-grade metamorphism of the tuffaceous rocks has resulted in the development of laumontite, prehnite, pumpellyite, epidote, analcime, and albite. The glass alteration process in the tuffaceous rocks was one of hydration and solution. The large overlap of critical minerals such as laumontite, wairakite, prehnite, pumpellyite, and epidote is explained in terms of ionic equilibria. The observed mineralogical differences are explained in terms of minor variations in the activities of ionic species in the aqueous phase, rather than large changes in pressure and temperature. However, the gross regional pattern is explained in terms of the thermal stability of the hydrous calcium aluminosilicate minerals (that is, laumontite at the top of the section and prehnite at the base of the section).
Structural studies on molecular complexes. V. Crystal structures of sulfathiazole-sulfanilamide and sulfathiazole-theophylline complexes.

The crystal structures of two sulfathiazole complexes, one involving theophylline and the other sulfanilamide, were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The complexes are 1:1 adducts held together by hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen-bonding schemes in the two complexes are quite different. In the theophylline complex the aromatic amino group of sulfathiazole is involved in the principal intermolecular hydrogen bonds; whereas in the sulfanilamide complex, one of the sulfathiazole oxygens is the dominant participant. Sulfathiazole is present in both structures in the imido-configuration rather than the amido-form.
Combined true thymic hyperplasia and lymphoid hyperplasia in grave's disease

True thymic hyperplasia (enlarged gland composed of histologically unremarkable cortical and medullary parenchyma) and lymphoid hyperplasia (medullary lymphoid follicles in the clinical setting of autoimmunity) usually develop as independent pathologic processes. We reviewed the clinical features and gross and microscopic pathology of 2 hyperthyroid patients with features of both thymic hyperplasia and lymphoid hyperplasia. The diagnosis of thymic hyperplasia was supported by thymic weights greater than two standard deviations above the mean weight for age and histologic evidence of expanded cortical and medullary parenchyma. The diagnosis of lymphoid hyperplasia was supported by the increased number and size of medullary lymphoid follicles and the association with Grave's disease. This unusual combination results from two separate pathogenic mechanisms operating simultaneously in hyperthyroid patients. Elevated thyroid hormones directly stimulate the proliferation of thymic epithelium, producing thymic h...
Decision support systems research: current state and trends

This study investigates the changing intellectual structure of the decision support system (DSS) field by means of an empirical assessment of the DSS literature over two successive time periods, 1971‐1990 and 1991‐1995. A multivariate data analysis tool, cluster analysis, is applied to an author cocitation frequency matrix derived from a large database file of comprehensive DSS literature over the two consecutive periods. The study concludes that the core areas of DSS research have shifted to group decision support systems, model management, and design and implementation, while the study of foundations and individual differences has faded away. Moreover, DSS researchers have diversified their reference disciplines in an effort to improve their research. Influence of organization science has been diminished, while cognitive science and psychology have emerged as the most influential contributing disciplines.
Tracheal Obstruction Associated with a Fungus Ball: A Case of Primary Tracheal Candidiasis

An elderly patient developed acute respiratory failure secondary to airway obstruction by a Candida fungus ball which probably developed secondary to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics when the patient had a decreased gag reflex while in a semicomatose state. The frequency of pulmonary fungus balls and their precipitating causes are briefly discussed. This potentially frequent, previously unreported complication should be recognized as a contributing factor in the development of acute respiratory failure requiring management by bronchoscopic techniques, as opposed to intubation.
On measuring economic values for nature

This paper describes how economists ascribe values to the things people can choose. The economic value of an ecosystem function or service relates to the contribution it makes to human welfare, whe...
A non-radioactive receptor assay for snake venom postsynaptic neurotoxins.

Abstract B. G. Stiles . A non-radioactive receptor assay for snake venom postsynaptic neurotoxins. Toxicon 29, 503–510, 1991.—A non-radioactive assay was developed for detecting the binding of postsynaptic neurotoxins to acetylcholine receptor (AchR) from Torpedo californica . Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) wells coated with long or short chain neurotoxins specifically bound to purified AchR while crotamine or two different cardiotoxins did not. Bound receptor was detected by antibody against AchR. Specificity was determined by dose-response experiments and competition studies using carbamylcholine chloride, acetylcholine chloride, or Naja naja atra cobrotoxin mixed with receptor.
Hepatic expression of toll-like receptors 3, 4, and 9 in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis C

Summary Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may play a role in the inflammatory patterns observed in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We investigated TLR 3, 4 and 9 expression in PBC and CHC using immunohistochemical staining. Methods Patient biopsies of PBC (N = 11) and CHC (N = 15) were compared to disease free livers (n = 7). The extent of TLR staining was assessed separately according to a semi-quantitative scale for hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and portal mononuclear cells (PMC). Results In hepatocytes, TLR4 expression was increased (PBC; P = 0.019), as was TLR9 (PBC; P = 0.006, CHC; P = 0.001). Cholangiocyte expression of TLRs 4 and 3 was reduced in both PBC (TLR4; P Conclusions In PBC and CHC, hepatocytes showed increased TLR 4 and 9 expression without change in TLR3. Cholangiocytes showed increased TLR9 expression as opposed to down-regulation of TLRs 3 and 4. PMCs in both diseases had significantly increased TLR 9 expression perhaps implicating TLR9 expression in chronic liver inflammation.
Glutathione-thiyl radical scavenging and transferase properties of human glutaredoxin (thioltransferase). Potential role in redox signal transduction.

Glutaredoxin (GRx, thioltransferase) is implicated in cellular redox regulation, and it is known for specific and efficient catalysis of reduction of protein-S-S-glutathione-mixed disulfides (protein-SSG) because of its remarkably low thiol pKa (≈3.5) and its ability to stabilize a catalytic S-glutathionyl intermediate (GRx-SSG). These unique properties suggested that GRx might also react with glutathione-thiyl radicals (GS⋅) and stabilize a disulfide anion radical intermediate (GRx-SSG⨪), thereby facilitating the conversion of GS⋅ to GSSG or transfer of GS⋅ to form protein-SSG. We found that GRx catalyzes GSSG formation in the presence of GS-thiyl radical generating systems (Fe2+/ADP/H2O2 + GSH or horseradish peroxidase/H2O2 + GSH). Catalysis is dependent on O2 and results in concomitant superoxide formation, and it is distinguished from glutathione peroxidase-like activity. With the horseradish peroxidase system and [35S]GSH, GRx enhanced the rate of GS-radiolabel incorporation into GAPDH. GRx also enhanced the rate ofS-glutathionylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with GSSG or S-nitrosoglutathione, but these glutathionyl donors were much less efficient. Both actin and protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1B were superior substrates for GRx-facilitated S-glutathionylation with GS-radical. These studies characterize GRx as a versatile catalyst, facilitating GS-radical scavenging and S-glutathionylation of redox signal mediators, consistent with a critical role in cellular regulation.
Relation between Munsell and Swedish natural color system scales.

The degree to which Munsell hue, value, chroma and the Swedish Natural Color System variables of blackness, whiteness, redness, yellowness, greenness, blueness describe the same color space is shown by simple formulas.
Introduction to Unix

The Unix operating system, developed by Bell Laboratories and distributed by Western Electric, represents a new direction in the design of an operating system. This paper describes the system and its utility in the field of psychological research.
The role of substantia nigra in the development of kindling: pharmacologic and lesion studies

Abstract The role of substantia nigra (SN) in the development of kindling was investigated. Microinjection of γ-vinyl γ-aminobutyric acid (GVG), a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase inhibitor, into the SN bilaterally retarded kindling development by 77%. GVG injected dorsal to the SN did not alter the kindling rate. By contrast, lesions of the SN, whether by thermocoagulation or by microinjected neurotoxin,N-methyl- d,l -aspartate, facilitated kindling development by 27–44%. Thermocoagulative lesions dorsal to the SN did not affect the rate of kindling development. Thus these two manipulations, each presumed to suppress the activity of the SN, resulted in opposite effects on kindling development. We interpret the pharmacologic findings to indicate that the intact SN can powerfully facilitate kindling development. However, the SN is not vital for kindling development, since kindling can be established after destruction of a considerable portion of SN. Whether the increased rate of kindling development following SN lesions is due solely to the absence of SN remains unclear.
Verbal Communication Between Complaining Consumers and Company Service Representatives

Dissatisfied consumers are encouraged to complain directly to company service representatives. However, little is known about the verbal communication that actually occurs during these interactions. To address this research area, the content of 461 telephone calls between complaining consumers and service representatives was analyzed. Results showed that (1) consumers and service representatives perform distinct communication roles; (2) communication evolves from discussion of performance, to attribution, to equity issues during the course of these interactions; and (3) communication is not standardized across service representatives.
Self-power emitter turn-off thyristor (SPETO) based circuit breaker for power distribution system

Compared to mechanical solution, solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) offers enormous advantages in terms of switching speed and maintenance. With fast switching performance, high current turn-off capability, self-power and built-in sensor functions, SPETO is a very promising high power switching device for the application of SSCB in power distribution system. The experimental results show that the SPETO based SSCB can turn off current quickly and works well with self-power function, and therefore is suitable for SSCB in power distribution system.
Uplift and contractional deformation along a segmented strike-slip fault system: the Gargano Promontory, southern Italy

Abstract The Gargano Promontory in southern Italy is a region of localized uplift and contractional deformation within the Apulian foreland province. Our field mapping has defined two main fault systems that controlled the uplift of the Gargano block. E–W-trending strike-slip faults bound the northern and southern margins of the uplifted block, defining a compressive stepover zone between the two fault zones. The second system strikes NW–SE with primarily reverse to oblique-reverse displacements. Uplift was accommodated by a broad antiformal fold and reverse motion on the NW–SE fault system. This deformation is attributed to localized high compressive stress within the stepover region, driven by slip on the bounding strike-slip faults. Three-dimensional numerical models incorporating the observed fault geometries and slip sense support our interpretation. Results show that significantly higher compressive stresses occur within the fault overstep region, and computed stress trajectories agree closely with the orientations of contractional features observed in the field. Although the role of strike-slip faulting in the deformation of the Gargano Promontory has been proposed previously, this mechanism provides a new model for the localized uplift and related deformation. We also cite similar occurrences of this mechanism in the complexly deformed interior of the Apennine fold–thrust belt.
Heterogeneous dopamine receptor changes in early and late Huntington's disease

Quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to study dopamine (DA) receptors in dorsal striatum and its projection regions in brains from individuals dying with Huntington's disease (HD) and controls. Heterogeneous loss of both D1 and D2 receptors was present in the striatum of early and late stage HD brains. The degree of receptor loss was greater for the D1 receptor than for the D2 receptor in early stage HD. The pattern of receptor loss did not correspond to heterogeneities identified with acetylcholinesterase staining. Progressive loss of D1 receptors in the internal globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata and D2 receptors in the external globus pallidus corresponded to advancing pathologic grade.
Regulatory functions of alloreactive Th2 clones in human renal transplant recipients.

Regulatory functions of alloreactive Th2 clones in human renal transplant recipients. Background Chronic allograft rejection is the major clinical problem in organ transplantation. There is evidence that indirect T cell recognition of donor-specific HLA peptides may play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of chronic allograft rejection. We have recently shown that HLA allopeptide-specific T cell clones generated from renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy are of the Th1 phenotype, while those from stable patients are Th2. There is evidence in experimental animal models of autoimmunity and transplantation that Th2 cells may function to regulate immune responses, but the biological relevance of these observations in humans has not been reported. Methods The purpose of this study was to investigate the putative regulatory functions of alloreactive human Th2 clones. HLA-DR allopeptide-specific Th1 and Th2 cell clones were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of human renal allograft recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) or with stable renal function (SRF), respectively. Results An in vitro co-culture system showed that the proliferative responses of Th1 clones from patients with CAN were significantly inhibited by the Th2 clones in response to the donor-derived HLA allopeptides. In addition, co-culture of the Th2 clones inhibited cytokine production (IFN-γ) by the Th1 clones in response to the donor-specific peptides. The regulatory functions of Th2 clones were antigen-specific since they only occurred when both the Th1 and Th2 clones were reactive to the same HLA-DR allopeptide, and were mediated by IL-4 and IL-10. Conclusions This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, indicating that Th2 cells may function to regulate indirect Th1 alloimmune responses that are critical for the progression of CAN in humans.