cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for De Bruijn sequences—a case study in empirical analysis of algorithms

Most published work about the analysis of algorithms is analytic because, when analytic results can be obtained, they are usually decisive, often elegant and sometimes beautiful. However, such analyses are not always available either because they are mathematically intractable or because the analysis is indecisive. In such cases, empirical analysis may be used to distinguish the effectiveness of one algorithm from another. Indeed, this situation is more common than the computer science literature might lead you to believe. This note is an example of such an empirical analysis. 2. DE BRUIJN SEQUENCES
Epidemiologic aspects of atherosclerosis.

This report presents an account of the session on epidemiology during the 2nd International Symposium on Atherosclerosis, held in Chicago on November 2-5, 1969. The Symposium was organized under the chairmanship of R. W. WISSLER (Chicago, Ill.). The full Proceedings have been published since1 and should be consulted for detailed information. A great deal of epidemiological research on atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease has been carried out over the past 10 or 20 years in a good many countries, as is well known. However, no previous meeting has attempted to bring this information together in one place with an emphasis on recent advances. Toward this end, rapporteurs were asked to summarize pertinent work from their own parts of the world. It was the intended hope that these reports would not only represent disconnected discoveries of value in their own right but transmit a unifying message and theme. The rapporteurs were G. A. ROSE (London, England) for Europe, A. G. SHAPER (Kampala, Uganda) for Africa, J. H. MEDALIE (Tel-Aviv, Israel) for the Middle East, I. J. PINTO (Bombay) for India, I. A. M. PRIOR AND J. G. EVANS (Wellington, New Zealand) for the Pacific area, W. E. MIALL (Kingston, Jamaica) for the Carribean area and Latin America and H. KLACKBU~~X (Minneapolis, Minn.) for North America. Geographic pathology (the International Atherosclerosis Project) was discussed by J. P. STROXG (New Orleans, La.). Following these invited reports, there were 6 submitted papers. The session was concluded by A. KEYS (Minneapolis, Minn.). The writer who gave the introduction was chairman during the first and J. STARTLER (Chicago, Ill.) during the second part of the session. Epidemiological research depends on finding differences in disease frequency
Use of a Transcendental Approximation in Laminar Boundary Layer Analysis

The usefulness of an approximate boundary layer velocity profile which is an exponential function of an exponential function is examined. The momentum and energy integral equations for two-dimensional incompressible boundary layers are used to determine the parameters of the assumed profile for the classic example of wedge flows. The integrals involved are reduced to the exponential integral, which can be evaluated from existing tables. Comparison of the wall shear stress with Hartree's solution is remarkably good except near separation, and the agreement of the minimum critical Reynolds number with comparable results based upon Hartree's profiles is also very good. The profile function described here can be applied to further examples.
Intelligent Local and Hierarchical Control of FACTS Devices

This paper presents an overview of the applications of intelligent control techniques on local and hierarchical control of FACTS devices. These control techniques are superior to the conventional linear/nonlinear control schemes in the sense that they are independent of any mathematical model of the power system to be controlled. In addition, they do not depend on the operating conditions and the configuration of the system to which the FACTS device is connected. A static compensator (STATCOM) is used as the example in order to compare the performances of the proposed intelligent controllers with those of their linear counterparts. Nevertheless, the ideas put forth in this paper are applicable to other shunt or series FACTS devices as well. Two different control schemes are evaluated: a fuzzy logic based local controller and a neuro-fuzzy hierarchical controller for a STATCOM in a multimachine power system.
Vision and spatial modeling for mobile robots

An analysis is conducted of a number of computer vision approaches that the author has been involved in constructing. These range from the ACRONYM model-based vision system through more recent mobile robot vision systems. In each case success has been achieved by treating vision as a source of constraint, rather than a deliverer of a world model. The way in which vision works is then entirely task dependent. >
Control of contact conditions for manipulation with multiple robotic systems

An object much larger than a robot end-effector can not be rigidly grasped. Instead, it is necessary to support the object with multiple effectors. The effectors need not be grippers-they may be surfaces on the arm(s). Multiple arm manipulation without rigid grasps is investigated. The interaction between a robot and the object is characterized by unilateral constraints. The closed chain topology, redundancy in actuation, and the nonlinear coupled equations of motion make the problem formidable. The approach used is to utilize a minimal set of inputs to control the trajectory. The surplus inputs are used to control the contact conditions (rolling, sliding, etc.). >
Cloning and sequence analysis of the promoter region of the MRP gene of HL60 cells isolated for resistance to adriamycin.

Non-P-glycoprotein multidrug resistance of HL60/ADR cells appears to be related to overexpression of the MRP gene. Recent studies suggest that this gene may play an important role in a new form of cell resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents. To examine mechanisms regulating transcriptional activity of this gene, a 2.2-kilobase 5′-flanking sequence of MRP has been isolated from a genomic library prepared from HL60/ADR cells. The 2.2-kilobase DNA fragment linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) gene in a reporter plasmid was found to be capable of driving expression of this gene in transient transfection experiments. This DNA containing promoter activity has been sequenced in its entirety and found to contain multiple putative regulatory sites. A series of deletion mutants linked to the CAT reporter gene was used to examine functional domains of the 2.2-kilobase sequence. The results suggest that promoter activity is contained in nucleotides -91 to +103 in a GC-rich region of the MRP genome. Promoter activity contained within this sequence, however, is modulated by both positive and negative regulatory elements. Certain of the regulatory sites contain consensus sequences for positive and negative regulatory elements which have been found in the promoter regions of other genes. Primer extension analysis indicates the presence of multiple major transcriptional start sites from the MRP promoter. Sequence analysis of MRP genomic and complementary DNAs has defined the exon/intron boundaries and the organization of a portion of the 5′-end region of the MRP genome. The results of these studies thus provide new insight in site-specific domains which may function in the regulation of MRP gene expression.
Intimate Partner Abuse and PTSD Symptomatology: Examining Mediators and Moderators of the Abuse-Trauma Link

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to intimate partner abuse, physiological reactivity, and social support. The authors used structural equation modeling to test social support as a moderator and psychophysiological reactivity and anger as mediators of the relation between abuse and traumatic symptoms among a sample of women reporting psychological abuse, including women reporting both physical violence and no physical violence. Both physical and psychological abuse were related to PTSD symptoms. Whereas physical and psychological abuse were highly correlated, psychological abuse did not predict PTSD symptomatology over and above the effect due to physical assault. Psychophysiological reactivity and anger and fear displayed during an argument with the partner did not mediate the abuse?trauma link. Social support moderated the relation between psychological abuse and PTSD symptomatology.
Local frequency analysis of chaotic motion in multidimensional systems: energy transport and bottlenecks in planar OCS

The method of local frequency analysis for study of chaotic motion in multidimensional systems is described, and applied to the analysis of intramolecular energy flow in a three-mode model for OCS. The nature of possible partial barriers responsible for long-time correlations in multimode systems is discussed.
Effects of species ecology and urbanization on accuracy of a cover-type model: A test using GAP analysis.

a b s t r a c t Models of vertebrate distributions based on dominant vegetation cover or land-use classification are commonly used for conservation planning, but these models may be inappropriate for species that choose sites based on criteria other than land cover or within urban areas that are not adequately described by cover-type alone. We compared the accuracy of predicted occupancy of birds for a set of cover-type models—Alabama Gap Analysis Program’s (ALGAP) vertebrate distribution maps—between an urban and a rural landscape in east-central Alabama. We performed analysis at two scales of investigation—0.03km2 point-count surveys or 28.26-km2 landscapes—using point counts conducted during summers 2004–2006. We tested ALGAP’s ability to predict the occupancy of habitat by birds grouped by lifehistory parameters: migrant, resident, insectivore, carnivore, and omnivore, forest dweller, and cavity nester. ALGAP performed well at the scale of entire landscapes but poorly at the scale of individual point counts. At the point-count scale, ALGAP was most accurate for species requiring interior forest conditions. At the landscape scale, ALGAP was more accurate in the rural landscape than the urban landscape, and it had higher commission errors in the urban landscape. Variation in the ability of ALGAP to predict species occupancy was likely due to (1) poor model performance when applied to species that choose sites using criteria other than cover type and (2) the inadequacy of ALGAP to describe a heterogeneous urbanized landscape. Our results highlight pitfalls of using land cover information to model species distributions in situations where it may be inappropriate.
Evolution of epicardial R wave voltage following experimental coronary artery occlusion: effects of hyaluronidase

The goals of this investigation were: 1) to examine the pattern of evolution of epicardial R wave voltage during the 24 h after experimental coronary artery occlusion; and 2) to determine whether hyaluronidase, an agent shown previously to reduce myocardial ischaemic injury, alters this evolution. Coronary artery occlusion was performed in 36 dogs. In the control dogs, the average R wave voltage (R) recorded over the ischaemic myocardium increased by 7.6 ± 0.8 mV (P <0.001) from before to 15 min after coronary artery occlusion, then gradually returned to baseline over the ensuing 4 h. Subsequently, R wave voltage continued to fall, and 24 h after occlusion, R was 17.8 ± 1.8 mV (P <0.001) less than before occlusion. In the hyaluronidase-treated dogs (500 NF units·kg−1), R recorded over the ischaemic myocardium increased similarly to the controls before hyaluronidase administration. However, in contrast to the control dogs, the administration of hyaluronidase 20 min after occlusion caused R to return to baseline over the ensuing 40 min and 24 h after occlusion, the treated animals lost significantly less R wave voltage than the controls (P <0.001).
Using a micromechanical finite element parametric study to motivate a phenomenological macroscale model for void/crack nucleation in aluminum with a hard second phase

Abstract A multi-scale methodology that includes microscale finite element simulations, physical experiments, and a macroscale phenomenological model was used to determine the appropriate first-order influence parameters relating to void/crack nucleation. The finite element analyses were used to examine the role of seven independent features (number of silicon particle sites, uniformity of particle sizes which were micron size, shape of particles, additional microporosity, temperature, prestrain history, and loading conditions) in debonding and fracture of hard silicon particles in a cast A356 aluminum alloy. Owing to the wide range of features that can affect void/crack nucleation, an optimal matrix of finite element calculations is generated using a statistical method of design of experiments (DOE). The DOE method was used to independently screen the parametric influences concerning void/crack nucleation by second phase fracture or interface debonding. The results clearly show that the initial temperature was the most dominant influence parameter with respect to the others for both fracture and debonding. Experiments were then performed at three temperatures to quantify the void/crack nucleation from notch tensile specimen fracture surfaces. The data verified the importance of the temperature dependence on void/crack nucleation and showed that as the temperature decreased, the void nucleation rate increased. The Horstemeyer–Gokhale void/crack nucleation model was modified to include the temperature dependence and material constants were determined based on the experimental data. This study exemplifies a methodology of bridging various size scale analyses by sorting out the pertinent cause–effect relations from the structure–property relations.
Mono- and Diglycerides Prepared by Chemical Glycerolysis from a Butterfat Fraction

A solid butterfat fraction was prepared by controlled crystallization of the melt. Products of glycerolysis and rate of reaction were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography and compared to those of a tricaprilin model system. Physical and functional properties of the resulting mixture of mono- and diglycerides were compared to commercial monoglyceride-based emulsifiers. The emulsifier from the butterfat fraction consisted of ∼60% mono- and 40% diglycerides and presented a very different FA profile from the commercial emulsifiers. The butterfat-derived emulsifiers had a lower melting range and imparted a significantly lower surface tension at oil/water and oil/ skim milk interfaces.
Sliding-mode observers for uncertain systems

Sliding-mode observer design is considered for linear systems with unknown inputs when the so-called observer matching condition is not satisfied. To circumvent the restriction imposed by the observer matching condition, the method of utilizing auxiliary outputs generated by high-order sliding-mode exact differentiators in the sliding-mode observer design has been proposed in the literature. In this paper, an alternative approach is proposed to use high-gain approximate differentiators of simpler architecture instead of high-order sliding-mode exact differentiators. The capability of reconstructing the unknown inputs using the proposed high-gain approximate differentiator based sliding-mode observer is also discussed and then illustrated with a numerical example.
Late Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the southern Sierra Nevada, California: II. Geochemistry: Summary

The geology and petrology of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the region of California between 38° and 35°459N latitude and 117°309 and 120°W longitude, including the rocks of a major potassic magmatic province on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada, have been described in Part I (Moore and Dodge, 1980) of this study. The geochemical features of these rocks may provide clues to their origin and aid in comparing and contrasting the Sierra Nevada potassic province with other localized potassic provinces elsewhere in the world. Basaltic rocks occur in numerous small lava-flow remnants, dikes, and plugs that intrude the predominantly granitic terrain of the western slope of the southern Sierra Nevada. Leucite-bearing rocks are present at several localities in this western region. More voluminous basalt, commonly associated with rhyolite, is present east of the range in the Basin and Range province. However, leucite-bearing rocks have been found-at only one locality in this region. Most of the late Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the southern Sierra Nevada eastward through Owens Valley and in the extreme western Basin-Range occur in five rather distinctive areas—the San Joaquin-Kings, Kern, Big Pine, and Coso volcanic fields, and the Mono-Long Valley volcanic center (Fig. 1).
The very brief history of digital evidence standards

This paper will trace the development of forensic standards from the early efforts of law enforcement officers to its current state. The author will describe the role that national and regional groups have had upon the evolution of forensic practice. A number of current standards will be described as well as some developing ones.
Vertical Motions in Intense Hurricanes

Abstract Hurricane vertical motion properties are studied using aircraft-measured 1 Hz time series of vertical velocity obtained during radial penetrations of four mature hurricanes. A total of 115 penetrations from nine flight sorties at altitudes from 0.5 to 6.1 km are included in the data set. Convective vertical motion events are classified as updrafts (or downdrafts) if the vertical velocity was continuously positive (or negative) for at least 500 m and exceed an absolute value of 0.5 m s−1. Over 3000 updrafts and nearly 2000 downdrafts are included in the data set. A second criteria was used to define stronger events, called cores. This criteria required that upward (or downward) vertical velocity be continuously greater than an absolute value of 1 m s−1 for at least 500 m. The draft and core properties are summarized as distributions of average and maximum vertical velocity, diameter, and vertical mass transport in two regions: eyewall and rainband. In both regions updrafts dominated over downdraft...
Evaluation of Oxidization of Crumb Rubber–Modified Asphalt During Short-Term Aging

Asphalt binder is subjected to aging during the construction process and service life of pavement. Aging substantially changes the chemical composition and physical properties of asphalt and leads to premature distresses on pavement. It is speculated that crumb rubber modifier (CRM) reduces the susceptibility of asphalt to aging, but its mechanism is not fully understood. Also, the impact of interaction parameters and exchange of components on the aging behavior of a crumb rubber–modified binder is not fully understood. In this study, the effect of CRM on the short-term aging of asphalt was investigated through an analysis of the distinctions between the impact of different CRM activities (e.g., swelling and dissolution) on the oxidization process of asphalt. The crumb rubber–modified binder and its extracted liquid phase were aged with the use of a rolling thin-film oven. Physical and analytical tests (e.g., dynamic shear rheometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) were performed before and after...
A Comparison of Growth, Food Consumption, and Food Utilization Between Unparasitized Alfalfa Weevil Larvae and those Parasitized by Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson)

The influence of parasitism by Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) on growth, food consumption, and food utilization by Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) larvae from the early 3rd through the 4th instars was studied at 22 and 30°C. At both temperatures, total growth was greater in unparasitized than in parasitized larvae. The total food consumption by unparasitized larvae at 22°C was higher than that by parasitized larvae, but at 30°C it was not significant. The food consumption per larva per day was higher at both temperatures for unparasitized larvae than for parasitized. There were no significant differences in the dry weight-fresh weight consumption index or in the approximate digestibility of alfalfa by parasitized and unparasitized 3rd and 4th instars, at either temperature. The efficiency of food digestion by both types of larvae decreased with age, the decline being more pronounced at 30°C than at 22°C. The net efficiency of conversion of ingested food to body matter was slightly higher for parasitized than for unparasitized larvae. At 22°C this difference was significant, but at 30°C it was not.
Nemaline myopathy : A family with probable recessive inheritance

Nemaline myopathy is one of the congenital ultrastructural myopathies. While many sporadic cases have been reported, it is said that the most likely pattern of inheritance is by autosomal dominant gene with variable penetrance resulting in variable clinical manifestations. Mild or subclinical cases in a family can easily be missed. The index case in this family was a 6 week old infant with severe hypotonia from birth. Muscle biopsy established a diagnosis of nemaline myopathy. With a view to aiding in genetic counselling, the parents each had a muscle biopsy. In father’s biopsy, very occasional fibres with “rod bodies” were seen, while in mother’s biopsy there was patchy disruption of the Z-band. It was concluded that i) there was a strong possibility of recessive inheritance in this family, ii) if dominant inheritance was responsible, then father was the gene carrier. The child died of respiratory failure at two years of age. Permission for autopsy was not able to be obtained. A second pregnancy following artificial insemination produced a normal child. Until the gene for nemaline myopathy is localised, muscle biopsy of apparently asymptomatic parents may help in genetic counselling and further pregnancy planning.
Nanoparticles meet cell membranes: probing nonspecific interactions using model membranes.

Nanotoxicity studies have shown that both carbon-based and inorganic engineered nanoparticles can be toxic to microorganisms. While the pathways for cytotoxicity are diverse and dependent upon the ...
Delayed Nausea/Emesis

The symptoms of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting cause significant physical and emotional distress. Some of the most troubling effects result from delayed symptoms, which occur greater than 24 hours following chemotherapy. Severe or prolonged nausea or vomiting can interfere with a patient’s ability to receive proper treatment and even cause patients to postpone or refuse potentially curative therapy. Providing adequate prophylaxis can prevent these symptoms, allowing chemotherapy to be better tolerated and given without dose modification. The antiemetic regimen which has shown the most promise in clinical trials is a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonist combined with a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone. This chapter reviews the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, with special focus on delayed symptoms and the use of current clinical practice guidelines.
Culturally diverse students enrolled in nursing: barriers influencing success

Within the United States, the dominant culture is largely made up of Anglo Saxons whose values include the work ethic, thrift, success, independence, initiative, respect for others, privacy, cleanliness, youthfulness, attractive appearance, and a focus on the future (Spradley & Allender, 1996). For the last ten or more years, the number of international students enrolled in programs in health science within the U.S., including nursing, has increased more than 10% (Zikopoulos, 1990). Almost no data have been collected by schools of nursing on the difficulties they encounter while working with international students adjusting to and receiving an education in the U.S. (Colling & Liu, 1995). There are often many barriers that may influence culturally diverse and international students' success in nursing. These barriers may be environmental and located within the school of nursing or the college/university, or personal and student centered. The presence of appropriate support services on the college campus as well as within schools of nursing could enhance the success of culturally diverse students. Nursing and college/university faculty must become more aware of cultural difference in students and must use various strategies to retain these students.
Healthier Without Knowing It: Healthy Neuroticism Does Not Predict Self-Rated Health

People who are simultaneously highly conscientious and highly neurotic have better physiological health than their peers. This trait configuration is termed healthy neuroticism. Because of their level of neuroticism, healthy neurotics may not realize they have superior health, an anomaly given the typical convergence of objective and subjective health. The current study investigates this putative divergence using data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the U.S. (MIDUS), a sample of 7,108 non-institutionalized adults. Examining both concurrent and prospective relationships between traits and self-rated health, I find that healthy neurotics do not seem aware of their superior health. The concurrent analysis shows that healthy neurotics lag behind the median participant in self-rated health, and the prospective analysis shows that healthy neurotics resemble the median participant. Healthy neuroticism seems dissociated from self-rated health.
Abstract 4707: Investigating the role of EZH2 as a therapeutic target in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a key component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). EZH2 is frequently overexpressed in a wide variety of human malignancies including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer. Thus it has potential to become a therapeutic target. Characterization of EZH2 as a therapeutic target in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not been fully explored. ccRCC have been defined by mutation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene in combination with chromosome 3p loss. Recent sequencing efforts have revealed that several chromatin remodeling genes encoded on chromosome 3p are often mutated, of which PBRM1 is the most frequent (41%). The PBRM1 gene codes for the BAF180 protein, a SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex subunit. Loss of BAF180 in ccRCC may disrupt the PBAF variant of the SWI/SNF complex. The SWI/SNF complex remodels the chromatin landscape by either sliding or evicting the nucleosomes from the chromatin. This chromatin remodeling modulates the accessibility to promoter regions by transcriptional machinery. It is through this mechanism that the SWI/SNF complex can regulate a range of cellular processes. It has been demonstrated that the SWI/SNF complex can act antagonistically to the PRC2 complex by evicting PRC2 complex from the promoters of tumor suppressors such as CDKN2A/p16. Disruption of the SWI/SNF complex would impede the eviction of the PRC2 complex, similarly observed in SNF5-deficient malignant rhabdoid tumors. Therefore, we hypothesize that PBRM1 inactivation disrupts specific SWI/SNF complexes allowing EZH2 to bind and repress target tumor suppressor genes. Thus inhibition of EZH2 in ccRCC may present as a targeted therapeutic option in tumors with PBRM1 mutations. We have investigated EZH2 in ccRCC cell lines with PBRM1 mutations and observed that these cells lines have overexpression of EZH2 in comparison to RPTEC (renal cortex proximal tubule epithelium cell line). We examined the effects on two EZH2 inhibitors (GSK126 and EPZ6438) on ccRCC cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Our preliminary data suggests EZH2 inhibition results in reduced growth of ccRCC cell lines with PBRM1 mutations. Citation Format: Darmood Wei, Christopher J. Ricketts, Laura S. Schmidt, Youfeng Yang, Cathy D. Vocke, William M. Linehan. Investigating the role of EZH2 as a therapeutic target in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4707.
The association between type of out-of-home mental health treatment and juvenile justice recidivism for youth with trauma exposure.

Background High rates of mental health disorders and exposure to trauma among the juvenile justice population highlight the importance of understanding whether and how mental health services can help prevent further justice system involvement as well as provide treatment. Aims We had two principal questions: Is out-of-home mental health treatment after arrest associated with reduced recidivism among young people who have been exposed to trauma? Are particular types of out-of-home treatment associated with better outcomes? We hypothesised that type of residential setting would affect outcomes among those with histories of serious trauma. Methods Primary data sources included Florida Juvenile Justice, Child Welfare and Medicaid data from July 2002 through June 2008. We identified all Florida Juvenile Justice cases with a record of 'severe emotional disturbance'. Two groups were identified - one for whom an arrest was followed within 90 days by out-of-home placement for mental health treatment and the other for whom there was some other out-of-home placement. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) were used to calculate associations with likelihood of re-arrest during a 12 month at risk period. Results Young people who had experienced severe trauma and were sent to out-of-home treatment settings after conviction for a criminal offence had lower recidivism rates when receiving treatment in foster care than other out-of-home placements, while those with less severe or no trauma histories had lower recidivism rates with any out-of-home placement. Conclusions and implications for practice We believe that this is the first study to have considered how trauma histories may mediate outcomes for young people in out-of-home placements after arrest or conviction for a criminal offence. Findings suggest that case managers and clinicians should consider the trauma histories when making decisions about the appropriate treatment setting in these circumstances. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algorithm for generation of stratigraphic profiles using cone penetration test data

Abstract Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data are often used directly in the design of shallow and deep foundations and many other applications. To produce more cost-effective designs, it is advantageous to use CPT data to establish stratigraphic profiles as well. Algorithms to generate a stratigraphic profile using data from an individual CPT sounding and a Soil Behavior Type (SBT) chart as inputs are presented. Two SBT charts from the literature were selected and modified to eliminate ambiguity in soil classification. Novel algorithms were developed for handling the occurrence of thin layers within a stratigraphic profile to account for the fact that the standard CPT cone cannot accurately sense layers with thickness below a certain limit and a representative cone resistance cannot be obtained if the layer is too thin. Likewise, the algorithms prevent the creation of a soil profile with adjacent layers of essentially the same soil by consolidating layers appropriately. The algorithms presented generate a design soil profile, produced using a precise classification based on soil type and state and by elimination of artificial layering, that can be more effectively used in design.
Is Entresto good for the brain

The main stay pharmacotherapy for heart failure (HF) is targeted towards rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) and neprilysin pathways (NP). Both therapeutic strategies decreases morbidity and mortality but also carry considerable adverse effects. This review of the literature highlights the new generation of HF drug, sacubitril-valsartan (SV), trade name Entresto (researched as LCZ696, Novartis) which simultaneously blocks RAAS and NP. This dual action of angiotensin receptors blocker and neprilysin inhibitor (NPi) has improved HF prognosis and it is an evolution in the management of HF. Although the initial follow-up of patients treated with SV has yielded promising results, there are concerns regarding potential side effects especially an increase in the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and young onset of AD. NPi interferes with the breakdown and clearing of beta-amyloid peptides, the plaques seen in AD, raising concern for AD in SV patients. On the other hand, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are established risk factors for AD which can be decreased by SV therapy. It is therefore essential that SV treated patients are followed up over an extended period of time to detect any adverse cognitive changes.
Management Modalities and Outcomes Following Acute Scaphoid Fractures in Children: A Quantitative Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Early evaluation and appropriate management of pediatric scaphoid fractures are necessary to avoid complications. To date, current management of pediatric fractures varies among provide...
Consequentialism and the limits of interpretation: do the ends justify the meanings?

A recent consequentialist resurgence in transnational legal scholarship urges judges in cases involving authoritative texts to make decisions based on which outcomes will be best for society. Some ...
The X-ray photoelectron spectra of inorganic molecules: VI. Compounds containing rhenium-oxygen and rhenium-halogen bonds: rhenium 4f, chlorine 2p and oxygen 1s binding energies and their co

Abstract Rhenium 4 f , chlorine 2 p and oxygen 1 s binding energies have been recorded for a series of coordination complexes of rhenium(V) and rhenium(VII) containing rhenium-oxygen bonds. Related studies on the rhenium(III) acetates Re 2 (OAc) 4 X 2 (X = Cl, Br) and on several adducts of the rhenium chlorides (Re 4 f and Cl 2 p binding energies only) are also reported. Chemical shift data are related where possible to the molecular structures of the complexes. Correlations between rhenium 4 f binding energies and oxidation state are of diagnostic value only in distinguishing the high oxidation state species (rhenium(V) and (VII)). Differences in rhenium 4 f 7 2 and oxygen 1 s binding energies [δ(O1 s , Re 4 f 7 2 )] may be useful in probing the nature of the rhenium-oxygen bonds.
Impact of gender on the association between marital status and head and neck cancer outcomes

Abstract Objectives To determine whether the impact of marital status on head and neck cancer (HNC) outcomes vary by gender. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database from 2007 to 2014 was queried for eligible cases of HNC (n = 71,799). An interaction term (gender*marital status) was tested for each outcome of interest (cancer-specific survival, stage of presentation, adequate treatment), and when significant (p Results There was significant gender*marital status interaction for cancer-specific survival and stage of presentation. While married/partnered patients had the highest survival among both genders, males benefitted more: widowed (male sdHR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.31, 1.52; female sdHR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06, 1.26), divorced/separated (males: sdHR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.32, 1.46; females: sdHR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.06, 1.28), or never married (males: sdHR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.36, 1.49; females: sdHR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05, 1.26). When stratified by oropharyngeal cancer vs. non-oropharyngeal HNC, unmarried males had 50–60% increased hazard of death, while no difference was found for females. Unmarried males also had greater odds of presenting with late-stage disease compared with females. No gender*marital status interaction was observed for adequate treatment, although married/partnered survivors had greater odds of receiving adequate treatment. Conclusions While there are survival benefits for married patients with HNC, married/partnered males, especially those with oropharyngeal cancer, may benefit more than females.
A framework for the radiologic diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias and syndromes as revealed by molecular genetics

This article simplifies the radiologic diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia by first presenting an ordered approach for analysis of standard radiographs done for skeletal dysplasias. With that foundation, a more detailed discussion of three separate families of skeletal disorders follows. Similarities among dysplasia group members are discussed to provide a certain connectedness among dysplasias. The paper also elucidates the scientific basis behind the radiographic findings so that previously purely descriptive terms have the weight of understanding behind them.
Student Anxiety and Fear of Negative Evaluation in Active Learning Science Classrooms

Anxiety is increasing in prevalence and becoming a major concern for American colleges and universities. Notably, the push to transition college science courses from traditional learning to active learning spaces has created novel classroom situations that have the potential to both increase and decrease student anxiety. Thus, understanding anxiety in the context of active learning college science courses is timely and could improve student performance and persistence in science. In this chapter, we provide an overview of anxiety, discuss how student anxiety can manifest in the college science classroom, and summarize current literature on student anxiety in active learning classrooms. We present the concept of fear of negative evaluation as an underlying construct of student anxiety in active learning classrooms. Finally, we propose strategies to alleviate student fear of negative evaluation, and consequently student anxiety, in hopes of creating more equitable active learning college science classrooms.
Bandits Atop Reinforcement Learning: Tackling Online Inventory Models With Cyclic Demands

Motivated by a long-standing gap between inventory theory and practice, we study online inventory models with unknown cyclic demand distributions. We design provably efficient reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms that leverage the structure of inventory problems. We apply the standard performance measure in online learning literature, regret, which is defined as the difference between the total expected cost of our policy and the total expected cost of the clairvoyant optimal policy that has full knowledge of the demand distributions a priori. This paper analyzes, in the presence of unknown cyclic demands, the lost-sales model with zero lead time, and the multi-product backlogging model with positive lead times, fixed joint-ordering costs and order limits. For both models, we first introduce episodic models where inventory is discarded at the end of every cycle, and then build upon these results to analyze non-discarding models. Our RL policies HQL and FQL achieve ~O(T^(1/2)) regret for the episodic lost-sales model and the episodic multi-product backlogging model, matching the regret lower bound that we prove in this paper. For the non-discarding models, we construct a bandit learning algorithm on top of the previous RL algorithms, named Meta-HQL. Meta-HQL achieves ~O(T^(1/2)) regret for the non-discarding lost-sales model with zero lead time, again matching the regret lower bound. For the non-discarding multi-product backlogging model, our policy Mimic-QL achieves ~O(T^(5/6)) regret bound. Our policies remove the regret dependence on the cardinality of the state-action space for inventory problems, which is an improvement over existing RL algorithms. We conducted experiments with a real sales dataset from Rossmann, one of the largest drugstore chains in Europe, and also with a synthetic dataset. For both sets of experiments, our policy converges rapidly to the optimal policy and dramatically outperforms the best policy that models demand as i.i.d. instead of cyclic.
Development of cut-points for determining activity intensity from a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer in free-living adults.

Despite recent popularity of wrist-worn accelerometers for assessing free-living physical behaviours, there is a lack of user-friendly methods to characterize physical activity from a wrist-worn Ac...
Aversive racism at the ballot box: a field experiment on the effects of race and negative information in local elections

Research on the response of white voters to African American candidates has produced decidedly mixed results. I argue that methodological limitations are a major source of this perplexing array of ...
Estimating the Quality of Reaching Movements in Stroke Survivors

Stroke is a leading cause of permanent impairments worldwide. Stroke survivors can improve their motor function through intensive and longitudinal rehabilitation therapies. However, rehabilitation therapy in outpatient settings often does not provide a sufficient amount of rehabilitation for meaningful patients’ recovery. Hence, patients need to perform therapeutic exercises in their home settings. However, despite the widely acknowledged importance of executing exercise movements in therapeutically desirable ways, stroke patients often practice exercise movements in a therapeutically undesirable manner, especially when therapists’ supervision is not available. While wearable sensors have been investigated to monitor patients’ exercise movements, it remains as a challenge to accurately and objectively estimate the quality of at-home exercise movements. This study proposes an analytic method to estimate the quality of individual reaching movements in stroke survivors using a wrist-worn wearable inertial sensor. We extracted time/frequency-domain features from stroke survivor’s horizontal movements in reaching and trained supervised machine learning models to classify if each reaching movement is executed in a therapeutically desirable way or not. The estimation results show that acceptable performance with the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve of 0.94. The extracted temporal and frequency features demonstrate that significant differences exist between the two classes and reflect the level of impairments in reaching movements. We envision these results enable monitoring the quality of at-home exercise movements and personalizing rehabilitation therapy.
Non-cancer-related pathogenic germline variants and expression consequences in ten-thousand cancer genomes

Author(s): Wang, Zishan; Fan, Xiao; Shen, Yufeng; Pagadala, Meghana S; Signer, Rebecca; Cygan, Kamil J; Fairbrother, William G; Carter, Hannah; Chung, Wendy K; Huang, Kuan-Lin | Abstract: BackgroundDNA sequencing is increasingly incorporated into the routine care of cancer patients, many of whom also carry inherited, moderate/high-penetrance variants associated with other diseases. Yet, the prevalence and consequence of such variants remain unclear.MethodsWe analyzed the germline genomes of 10,389 adult cancer cases in the TCGA cohort, identifying pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in autosomal-dominant genes, autosomal-recessive genes, and 59 medically actionable genes curated by the American College of Molecular Genetics (i.e., the ACMG 59 genes). We also analyzed variant- and gene-level expression consequences in carriers.ResultsThe affected genes exhibited varying pan-ancestry and population-specific patterns, and overall, the European population showed the highest frequency of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. We further identified genes showing expression consequence supporting variant functionality, including altered gene expression, allelic specific expression, and mis-splicing determined by a massively parallel splicing assay.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that expression-altering variants are found in a substantial fraction of cases and illustrate the yield of genomic risk assessments for a wide range of diseases across diverse populations.
Nuclear and Solar Energy Production

A marriage of nuclear and solar technologies is not a strange one, as the fundamental reactions and energy sources in principle may be the same. The obvious difference is that nuclear fission or fusion reactors require control by man on the earth's surface, whereas the sun's reaction proceeds inviolably in outer space. Usually, the energy is derived primarily as thermal in the former case, but as heat or light in the latter. In view of this common ground, certainly many of the techniques and developments for heat transfer in nuclear processes could be applicable to large-scale solar collection assemblies and concentrators. One example of the synergistic nature of these two areas is that the early studies of thermally regenerative electrochemical systems, which were envisioned to operate from a nuclear thermal source, are being reevaluated currently to assess their feasibility for solar operation. The contents of this chapter are restricted to a synopsis of the major uses of molten salts in direct energy production processes, nuclear and solar. Fuel cell and battery developments which are reviewed and discussed elsewhere in this book are omitted. Processing of fossil fuels by molten salts and their use for heat collection are treated in this volume in Chapters 13 and 14 by Hatt and Marcus, respectively. Vast quantities of detailed information exist regarding the use and planned use of molten salts in fission and fusion reactors. Accordingly, it has been necessary to limit this material to a review of some of the more general and recently available studies. On the other hand, the use of semiconductor electrodes in molten salts is a subject in its infancy and, in consequence, a more detailed description of the available literature and research activities has
Isolation and characterization of OLE1, a gene affecting fatty acid desaturation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The unsaturated fatty acid (ufa) requiring ole1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae appears to produce a defective Δ-9 fatty acid desaturase. This enzyme catalyzes double bond formation between carbons 9 and 10 of palmitoyl and stearoyl coenzyme A. A DNA fragment isolated by complementation of an ole1 strain repairs the ufa requirement in mutant cells. Genetic analysis of the cloned DNA fragment indicates that it is allelic to the OLE1 gene. Disruption of a single copy of the wild type gene in a diploid strain produces both wild type and nonreverting ufa-requiring haploid progeny upon sporulation. Membrane lipids of the disrupted haploid strains contain only ufas supplied in the growth medium. The recovery of activity in both wild type and disrupted segregants was examined after removal of ufas from the growth medium. Following ufa deprivation disruptant cells grew normally for about three generations and then at a slower rate for at least 0.6 generations. During that time cellular ufas dropped from 63 to 7.3 mol % of the total fatty acids. No production of the 16:1 and 18:1 products of the desaturase was observed in disruptant cells, whereas desaturation in wild type control cells was evident 2 h after deprivation. These results indicate that 1) the OLE1 gene is essential for production of monounsaturated fatty acids and is probably the structural gene for the Δ-9 desaturase enzyme. 2) A large part of membrane ufas present under normal culture conditions are not essential for growth and cell division.
Optical Characteristics of Cu-Nanocluster Layers Assembled by Ion Implantation

We have generated Cu-nanocluster layers in solid insulating substrates by implanting Cu ions into fused silica, creating thin layers (~ 150 nm) of nanoclusters over a diameter of order 2 cm. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the size and size distribution can be controlled by the parameters of the ion implantation. We report measurements of the optical properties and nonlinear index of refraction on these unusual solid-phase cluster materials as a function of total implanted-ion dose.