cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Skin Temperature Extraction Using Facial Landmark Detection and Thermal Imaging for Comfort Assessment

Despite the large share of energy consumption, current HVAC systems in buildings fail to meet their primary purpose of maintaining comfortable indoor conditions. Current "one size fits all" approach to control the thermal conditions in an environment lead to a high degree of occupant dissatisfaction. Advancements in Internet of Things and Machine Learning have opened the possibility of deploying different sensors at a wide scale to monitor environmental and physiological information and using collected sensor data to model individual comfort requirements. Thermal imaging has recently gained interest as one of the possible ways to monitor physiological information (skin temperature) for thermal comfort assessment. Previous studies have shown that skin temperatures from different regions of the face, such as forehead, nose, cheeks and ears can provide useful information for predicting thermal sensation at an individual level. However, existing approaches to process thermal images either rely on manual temperature extraction or use methods that are less reliable in accurately identifying different facial regions. One of the major challenges of using thermal imaging for monitoring skin temperatures in actual buildings is that occupants may move relative to the camera. It is not practical to expect building occupants to be oriented facing the cameras at all times, therefore, it is important to be able to extract as much information as possible from instances where it is feasible to extract relevant information. In this paper, we describe an approach to extract skin temperature by locating specific regions of the face in thermal images. The approach involves combining data from RGB images with thermal images and leveraging facial landmark detection in RGB images. We also evaluate our approach with existing approach of face detection used in previous studies. Our study demonstrates that facial landmark detection provides a more accurate calculation of different locations in the face compared to previous studies. We show an improvement in overall quantity and quality of temperature measurements extracted from thermal images compared to previous studies. More accurate temperature measurements from thermal images can improve the accuracy of thermal imaging for modeling and predicting thermal comfort.
Thou Shalt Discuss Security: Quantifying the Impacts of Instructions to RFC Authors

The importance of secure development of new technologies is unquestioned, yet the best methods to achieve this goal are far from certain. A key issue is that while significant effort is given to evaluating the outcomes of development (e.g., security of a given project), it is far more difficult to determine what organizational practices result in secure projects. In this paper, we quantitatively examine efforts to improve the consideration of security in Requests for Comments (RFCs)--- the design documents for the Internet and many related systems --- through the mandates and guidelines issued to RFC authors. We begin by identifying six metrics that quantify the quantity and quality of security informative content. We then apply these metrics longitudinally over 8,437 documents and 49 years of development to determine whether guidance to RFC authors changed these security metrics in later documents. We find that even a simply worded --- but effectively enforced --- mandate to explicitly consider security created a significant effect in increased discussion and topic coverage of security content both in and outside of a mandated security considerations section. We find that later guidelines with more detailed advice on security also improve both volume and quality of security informative content in RFCs. Our work demonstrates that even modest amounts of guidance can correlate to significant improvements in security focus in RFCs, indicating a promising approach for other network standards bodies.
Frederick D. Bennett’s scientific publications and reports

The titles and publication details of 270 scientific publications and reports by Fred D. Bennett are here assembled in approximately chronological order. They began in 1951 and ended in 2012. Fred is known worldwide as a specialist in biological control, a former director of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, and in 1986 to 1993 a Graduate Research Professor of the University of Florida. Resumen Los titulos y los detalles de la publicacion de 270 publicaciones cientificas e informes de Fred D. Bennett estan aqui reunidos en orden cronologico aproximado comienzan en 1951 y terminan en 2012. Fred es conocido en todo el mundo como un especialista en control biologico, ex director del Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, y en 1986 para 1993, profesor de investigacion de posgrado de la Universidad de Florida. Key Words: entomology; botany; biocontrol of pests and weeds View this article in BioOne
Hypomethylating Agents and Low-Dose Venetoclax for Relapse Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Background Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (AlloSCT) is a major cause of treatment failure. Several approaches like modifications of conditioning regimens and lately maintenance had failed to reduce the risk of recurrence. Some rescue strategies like decreasing the immunosuppression therapies, donor lymphocyte infusions and salvage chemotherapies had limited responses and aren't exempt of toxicities. Venetoclax (VEN) is a novel small molecule inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. Combinations with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) in treatment naive elderly patients (pts) had led overall responses (CR+Cri+PR) of 67% (Dinardo, Blood 2017). Single-agent activity in relapsed and refractory (R/R) AML as well as in combinations had demonstrated objective responses of 21%. Experience is limited after Allo SCT. Therefore, we evaluated the overall response rate (ORR = CR+CRi+PR) and report our clinical experience with low-dose VEN-based salvage in post-AlloSCT in relapsed AML pts. Methods All relapsed AML post Allo SCT pts treated with low-dose VEN+HMAs from July 2018 to July 2019, who received at least 1 cycle of VEN-based salvage chemotherapy were included. Responses were assigned based on the AML IWG criteria. ORR and treatment complications were summarized. Results A total of 9 pts with relapsed AML after Allo SCT received either decitabine 20mg/m2 day 1-5 (8 pts) or Azacitidine 75mg/m2 IV for 7 days and low-dose VEN at ramp up dose to 100mg. Median age at AlloSCT was 55.7 years (range 32-73 years). Most pts had poor risk features. 4/9 pts had complex karyotype at relapse and 55% pts were TP53mut. Median time from transplant to relapse was 11 months (range: 2 to 45 months); 44% of pts relapsed within 100 days and 55% of pts were receiving immunosuppressive therapy (IST) at time of relapse. Objective response was observed in 4(44%) pts, including 3 CRi which all were achieved after the first cycle. One patient achieved CRi and cleared a TP53 mutation. The other pts were diploid cytogenetics with presence of FLT3-ITD and the other with presence of t (9;11). Conclusion HMAs and Low-Dose VEN is viable salvage therapy option, even after heavily treated patients including after AlloSCT. Responses are significant even in lower-dose venetoclax with minimal toxicities. This combination is safe and efficacious thus further exploration in a larger cohort will be necessary.
Autoreceptor Mediated Changes in Dopaminergic Terminal Excitability in vivo

ABSTRACT Electrophysiological studies were performed to examine changes in the excitability of the terminal fields of single dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons as a consequence of the stimulation or blockade of terminal autoreceptors. Stimulation of terminal autoreceptors, by local infusion of direct- or indirectacting agonists, or by natural or stimulation-induced increases in the rate of impulse flow at the terminals produced decreased terminal excitability, whereas dopamine receptor antagonists including the dopamine D2 receptor specific antagonist, sulpiride, blocked these effects, and by themselves, produced increased terminal excitability. Changes in excitability were obtained only at terminal regions of the dopaminergic axon, and were not altered by kainate-induced destruction of postsynaptic neurons in the neostriatum, thus ruling out postsynaptic involvement in the phenomenon. These data indicate that nigrostriatal axons possess D2 autoreceptors that are constrained to their terminal regions. These terminal autoreceptors are functional under normal physiological conditions, and are sensitive to physiologically occurring changes in the rate of impulse flow along dopaminergic axons in vivo.
Resection of hip heterotrophic ossification leads to resolution of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in a patient with spinal Charcot arthropathy: a case report.

Introduction Patients with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) may develop concurrent sequalae that interact and share symptoms; thus, a careful approach to diagnosis and management of new symptoms is crucial. Case presentation A patient with prior T4 complete SCI presented with progressive autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. The initial differential diagnosis included syringomyelia and lumbar Charcot arthropathy. He had comorbid heterotopic ossification (HO) of the left hip. Surprisingly, his autonomic symptoms resolved following resection of the HO. In hindsight, loss of motion through the hip caused by HO may have led to hinging through a previously asymptomatic lumbar Charcot joint, causing dysautonomia. Discussion ANS dysfunction is a disabling sequela of complete SCI and has a broad differential diagnosis. Hip immobility may be an indirect and overlooked cause due to the mechanical relationship between the hip and the lumbar spine.
Low Temperature Solution-Based Treatment for Highly Passivated Si/TiO 2 Heterojunction

Thin film-based second and third generation photovoltaics (PVs) are avidly investigated for their potential for utility scale applications. Organic thin film (PEDOT) and silicon-based PVs are shown to have moderate device efficiency. To further improve efficiency, silicon is sandwiched between thin films of PEDOT and TiO2. Thin films of TiO2 synthesized at 100°C have been shown to make efficient (~12%) PEDOT/Si/TiO2-based PVs; TiO2 functions as a holeblocker. Lower efficiencies of the PVs than predicted by theory is attributed to poor passivation of the Si/TiO2 interface. To improve the interface passivation, the Si/TiO2 interface is treated under various chemical conditions. One such treatment yielded very high level of passivation (SRV ~ 15 cm/s).
Privacy-preserving harmonization via distributed ComBat

Abstract Challenges in clinical data sharing and the need to protect data privacy have led to the development and popularization of methods that do not require directly transferring patient data. In neuroimaging, integration of data across multiple institutions also introduces unwanted biases driven by scanner differences. These scanner effects have been shown by several research groups to severely affect downstream analyses. To facilitate the need of removing scanner effects in a distributed data setting, we introduce distributed ComBat, an adaptation of a popular harmonization method for multivariate data that borrows information across features. We present our fast and simple distributed algorithm and show that it yields equivalent results using data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Our method enables harmonization while ensuring maximal privacy protection, thus facilitating a broad range of downstream analyses in functional and structural imaging studies.
Catalysis of Organic Reactions

2001 Paul Rylander Plenary Lecture polymer supported catalyst for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes increase of the long-term stability of chirally modified platinum catalysts used in the enantioselective hydrogenation ofethyl pyruvate application of new metal impregnated knitted silica fibre on catalytic oxidation and hydrogenation processes functionalized polymer fibres as supports for platinum group metal catalysts nickel bromide as a hydrogen transfer catalyst small scale reactors for catalyst evaluation and process optimization catalytic hydrogenation of citral - the effect of acoustic irradiation catalytic applications of aluminium osipropoxide in organic synthesis liquid-phase methylation of c-Cresolcatalyzed by mixed oxides derived from the hydrotalcite precursors - effect of acid-case features on catalytic performance.
A spatially based area–time inundation index model developed to assess habitat opportunity in tidal–fluvial wetlands and restoration sites

A geographic information system (GIS)-based Area-Time Inundation Index Model (ATIIM) was developed to predict and evaluate availability of hydrologically connected habitats in estuarine and tidal–fluvial regions. The model establishes and describes patterns in the spatial and temporal relationships of the land and water including non-dimensional area–time and volume–time inundation indices. The processing integrates in situ or modeled water-surface elevation (WSE) data with high-resolution elevation data, using established terrain generation and spatial hydrologic analysis methods which are applied in a new geographic domain: the low-relief microtopography characteristic of coastal wetlands. The ATIIM links these data to newly developed, spatially continuous wetted-area algorithms in a GIS module and determines site average bankfull elevation, two- and three-dimensional inundation extent, and other spatial, tabular, and graph-based metrics. It is a cost-effective, rapid assessment tool suitable for the desktop planning environment, and represents an advance over methods that estimate inundation but do not enforce hydrological connectivity. Example model outputs for 11 tidal wetland areas in the lower Columbia River floodplain and estuary illustrate habitat opportunity for threatened and endangered salmon. Outputs for wetland reference sites (tidal marshes and tidal forested wetlands) are compared with river-restoration sites where objectives include increasing salmon access to beneficial habitats by hydrologically reconnecting channels in diked areas of the floodplain. Hydrological process metrics produced by the model, both new and commonly used, support the prioritization of proposed restoration sites, pre-construction planning, and post-construction evaluation. For example, the model can help determine relationships between WSE and habitat opportunity, contrast alternative restoration designs, predict impacts of altered flow regimes, estimate nutrient and biomass fluxes, and provide standardized site comparisons to support effective monitoring of the developmental trajectories of restoration sites.
Engine Dynamometer Study of the Transient Response of ZrO2 and TiO2 Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensors

The transient response of ZrO2 and TiO2 EGO sensors has been investigated under actual engine operating conditions. The results of this study show that the response of an EGO sensor is dependent upon the characteristics of the engine and feedback control system with which it is used. Specifically, sensor response time is a function of the magnitude and frequency of the A/F changes and the initial and final values of A/F to which the sensor is exposed. ZrO2 and TiO2 sensors show similar transient behavior and have practically equivalent response times.
Meteorological Data Processing

The archival storage and use of meteorological data sets are discussed. Plans for handling a large data set should often include the creation of a small set that captures much of the information. Most data sets are small enough that they can be readily handled by using present technology, if the data are in machinable form and if appropriate methods are used to process the data. The system used for data storage and access should be made up of modular blocks that are simple to use, yet can cope with a full range of diversity. Several data sets of interest to ASTM are discussed.
Determination of biogenic amines, their metabolites, and other neurochemicals by liquid chromatography/electrochemistry

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the determination of biogenic amines, their metabolites, and other neurochemicals by liquid chromatography/electrochemistry. Electrochemistry has a distinct advantage compared to most analytical techniques as it involves a direct conversion of chemical information to an electrical signal without any need for intermediate optical or magnetic carriers. For example, all catechol derivatives can be readily oxidized at a graphite electrode to generate the corresponding orthoquinone, two protons, and two electrons. The combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry has revolutionized the ability to handle extremely complex mixtures of chemical substance. The direct conversion of chemical information into electricity gives electrochemical measurements a significant advantage when compared with many other analytical techniques. It has been recognized that considerable advantage results from the coupling of liquid chromatography (LC) with electrochemistry (EC). The chapter discusses the application of LCEC to endogenous compounds of neurologic interest.
Relationship of abnormal temperature dependence of coercivity to composition in Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)/sub z/ magnets

Summary form only given. Our recent studies on the effects of composition and processing on the magnetic properties of 2:17 magnets helped us understand their coercivity and the temperature dependence of coercivity H/sub c/(T). Usually composition and processing adjustments lead to the variation of the distribution and amount of Cu at the 1:5 cell boundaries, which then controls the coercivity and its H/sub c/(T). We perform a comprehensive and systematic study to completely reveal the effects of Fe, Cu, Zr and ratio z on the coercivity, especially on the abnormal H/sub c/(T). The latest results will hopefully allow us to fully understand the H/sub c/(T) and the magnetization reversal mechanism.
SO and Smooth-Arm Sa’s within the Hubble Sequence

SO and smooth-armed Sa galaxies are generic to the Hubble sequence, not formed by environmental stripping.
Traffic flow stabilization

Link layer controllers for the automated vehicle/highway system (AVHS) architecture proposed in PATH are derived using vehicle conservation flow models. Control laws are developed for three highway topologies: a single lane highway, a highway with multiple discrete lanes and a highway with an arbitrary 2D flow pattern. The control laws obtained for each of the topologies is distributed and is very suited for implementation at the lower levels of the AVHS control hierarchy. Simulation results are described.
The implications of the research literature on learning styles for the design of instructional material

An enduring question for educational research is the effect of individual differences on the efficacy of learning. Aspects of individual differences that have been much explored relate to differences in learning styles, strategies and conceptions of learning. Such differences present a profound challenge for instructional designers, as research has shown that the quality of learning material is enhanced if the material is designed to take into account learners' individual learning styles (Rasmussen, 1998; Riding & Grimley, 1999). In the context of the present research, learning style is taken to mean a consistent or habitual of mode of acquiring or imparting knowledge through study, experience or teaching (Beishuizen & Stoutjesdijk, 1999). The purpose of this article is to propose ways in which individual differences can be accommodated when designing self-instructional learning materials in print for distance learners. It is advocated that instructional designers turn to research on learning styles to inform the design of adaptive learning material. Kolb's (1984) learning cycle and associated learning styles are described with a view to providing instructional design guidelines which accommodate (i) each stage of the learning cycle (ii) individual differences between learners in processing and presenting information. Examples of learning activities for each stage of the learning cycle are provided from a tertiary bridging course for adult learners. It is recommended that in designing for a diverse student body, the research literature on learning styles can provide insights that have the potential to improve instructional design.
Ground states of one-dimensional symmetry-protected topological phases and their utility as resource states for quantum computation

The program of classifying symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases in one dimension has been recently completed and has opened the doors to studying closely the properties of systems belonging to these phases. It was recently found that being able to constrain the form of ground states of SPT order based on symmetry properties also makes it possible to explore novel resource states for processing of quantum information. In this paper, we generalize the consideration of Else et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 240505 (2012)], where it was shown that the ground-state form of spin-1 chains protected by ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ symmetry supports perfect operation of the identity gate, important also for long-distance transmission of quantum information. We develop a formalism to constrain the ground-state form of SPT phases protected by any arbitrary finite symmetry group and use it to examine examples of ground states of SPT phases protected by various finite groups for similar gate protections. We construct a particular Hamiltonian invariant under ${A}_{4}$ symmetry transformation, which is one of the groups that allows protected identity operation, and examine its ground states. We find that there is an extended region where the ground state is the AKLT state, which not only supports the identity gate but also arbitrary single-qubit gates.
Selected Diet and Lifestyle Factors Are Associated with Estrogen Metabolites in a Multiracial/Ethnic Population of Women

Diet and lifestyle factors, body size, and smoking behavior may influence estrogen metabolism, but the nature of these relations may vary according to race/ethnic groups. We evaluated the association of lifestyle factors with estrogen metabolites 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) and 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (16alpha-OHE1) in a racially diverse population. With a cross-sectional study design, urine samples from 1881 African-American, Caucasian, Chinese, Japanese, and Hispanic women, aged 42-52 y, from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) were assayed by EIA for 2-OHE1 and 16alpha-OHE1. Dietary factors and beverages were measured using a modified Block FFQ. Dietary fiber, vegetable and fruit servings, Brassica vegetables, polyphenols, coffee, caffeine, green and black tea, and total alcohol and wine were related to metabolite values using multiple variable regression analyses. In adjusted analyses, 2-OHE1 concentrations were significantly associated with race/ethnicity, weight, smoking, and consumption of hydroxybenzoic acid, anthocyanidins, wine, and caffeine (P < 0.05). Regression models incorporating these variables explained 19-20% of the variation in 2-OHE1 concentrations. Regression models for 16alpha-OHE1, which explained 16-17% of the variability, included race/ethnicity, smoking, caffeine, total dietary fiber, and fiber from fruits and vegetables as variables. These associations may reflect why increased consumption of polyphenol-containing foods and fruit as well as decreased smoking, caffeine intake, and body size would be consistent with hypothesized benefits and risks for selected health outcomes.
Effects of Asphyxia on Renal Function in the Newborn Piglet

Summary: This investigation was undertaken to determine the nature of acute alterations in renal function following the production of hypoxemia, hypercarbia, and acidosis in newborn piglets 6–96 hr of age. After completion of the surgical procedure piglets were allowed to recover from the effects of anesthesia. When respiratory dead space was increased arterial oxygen tension decreased whereas arterial carbon dioxide tension and hydrogen ion concentration increased. There was little change in glomerular filtration rate. Total renal blood flow decreased and renal vascular resistance increased significantly (504 ± 78 mm Hg/liter/mm/m2 to 1422 ± 504). There was no change in distribution of intrarenal blood flow. Sodium excretion and urinary flow rate demonstrated significant parallel increases following the increase in dead space. Plasma renin concentration increased from 67 to 110 ng/ml. Speculation: Hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis produced changes in renal function in newborn piglets. Therapeutic approaches to the newborn human with respiratory distress must consider the potential for modifications of renal function which may be detrimental to the infant.
A photoreactive crystalline quasiracemate

Rationally designed racemic and quasiracemic sulfonamidecinnamic acids assemble to give hydrogen-bonded dimers with coplanar alignment of neighboring olefins. The quasiracemate phase contains near inversion-related motifs with chemically distinct components forming supramolecular heterodimers that undergo asymmetric photodimerization.
Sorgoleone from root exudate inhibits mitochondrial functions.

The aim of this investigation was to determine if sorgoleone (SGL), a hydrophobic compound inSorghum bicolor (L.) Moench root exudate, interferes with mitochondrial functions. Tests were conducted on mitochondria isolated from etiolated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The data show SGL is a potent inhibitor of state 3 and state 4 respiration rates in both soybean and corn. Using either NADH, succinate, or malate as substrate, the I50 was about 0.5μM SGL for state 3 and 5.0μM for state 4 based on 0.3–0.5 mg mitochondrial protein. Absorption spectra indicate SGL blocks electron transport at theb-c1 complex. These data show that disruption of mitochondrial function may be a mechanism of SGL-mediated growth inhibition previously reported and demonstrate a probable role of SGL inSorghum allelopathy.
Effect of hydrogen on the yielding behavior of molybdenum

Abstract Molybdenum wires were quenched in vacuo and in hydrogen (1 atm pressure) from within 50°C of the melting point. Subsequent annealing in the range 25°C–130°C gave rise to substantial transient changes in the room temperature mechanical properties for material quenched in hydrogen; a similar annealing produced no variation in the mechanical properties of material quenched in vacuo . The variation of lower yield and flow stress with time of anneal resembles that of a typical age-hardening alloy with a maximum increase in lower yield stress of ~ 80 per cent over that of slowly cooled material. Additionally a distinct upper yield point develops, the maximum yield drop coinciding with the maximum in lower yield stress. On further annealing the stress levels fall to those of the slowly cooled material with no upper yield point. From the kinetics of the annealing process the diffusion energy of hydrogen in molybdenum is found to be 0.40 ± 0.02 eV. The large increase in yield and flow stress is considered to be due to a strong electrical interaction between hydrogen atoms and dislocations, the hydrogen atoms actually moving with dislocations in the plastic region. The observed effects are of a transient nature since there is a continuous decrease in the hydrogen content of the lattice on annealing, a picture consistent with gas analyses and recent data on the temperature dependence of the solubility and diffusion of hydrogen in molybdenum. The results have practical value in the commercial processing of molybdenum, as they indicate suitable heat treating conditions for the removal of hydrogen.
Atmospheric transmittance of an absorbing gas. 5. Improvements to the optran approach

Improvements to a fast and accurate transmittance-calculation procedure, Optical Path TRANsmittance (OPTRAN), are described. The previous version computed a transmittance ratio for an absorbing layer. It required special attention to the interpolation methodology. The new approach reported here computes the absorption coefficient for an absorbing layer. This modified approach is not only simpler but also runs in one twentieth the time of the original OPTRAN approach with the same accuracy.
Hemodynamic Exercise Testing A Valuable Tool in the Selection of Cardiac Transplantation Candidates

Background Peak exercise oxygen consumption (Vo2), a noninvasive index of peak exercise cardiac output (CO), is widely used to select candidates for heart transplantation. However, peak exercise Vo2 can be influenced by noncardiac factors such as deconditioning, motivation, or body composition and may yield misleading prognostic information. Direct measurement of the CO response to exercise may avoid this problem and more accurately predict prognosis. Methods and Results Hemodynamic and ventilatory responses to maximal treadmill exercise were measured in 185 ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure who had been referred for cardiac transplantation (mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 22±7%; mean peak Vo2, 12.9±3.0 mL·min−1·kg−1). CO response to exercise was normal in 83 patients and reduced in 102. By univariate analysis, patients with normal CO responses had a better 1-year survival rate (95%) than did those with reduced CO responses (72%) (P ...
Communication network activity: Network attributes of the young and elderly

This manuscript details a study aimed at preliminary exploration of the relationship between aging and changes in communication network composition and quality. Two age groups (young and elderly) were asked to recall their interpersonal communication for two days. Subjects also completed a relational assessment instrument for each person they communicated with. The results suggest that the elderly, as compared to the young, engage in greater communicative contact with their families and that the level of contact with non‐family network members is less. In addition, the elderly's level of solidarity with non‐family members is lower than that for the young. However, levels of family solidarity do not differ between these groups. Positive relationships exist between communication network contact and solidarity for both groups. However, inverse relationships were found when network composition was considered. As contact with family increased, friendship contact and solidarity declined. On the basis of these f...
CORR Insights®: Are race and sex assessment associated with the occurrence of atypical femoral fractures?

This CORR Insights® is a commentary on the article “Are Race and Sex Assessment Associated With the Occurrence of Atypical Femoral Fractures?” by Marcano and colleagues available at: DOI 10.1007/s11999-013-3352-5. The author certifies that he, or a member of his immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research ® editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR ® or the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®. This CORR Insights® comment refers to the article available at DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-3352-5.
Absolute configuration and predominant conformations of 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl phenyl sulfoxide

The absolute configuration of the (+)-1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl phenyl sulfoxide is determined to be (R), using three different chiroptical spectroscopic methods, namely vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and specific rotation. Four solution conformations are identified for 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl phenyl sulfoxide. In each of the methods used, experimental data for the enantiomers of 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl phenyl sulfoxide were measured in the solution phase and concomitant quantum mechanical calculations of corresponding properties were carried out using density functional theory with B3LYP functional and 6-31G* and 6-31+G basis sets. Additional VCD and ECD calculations were also undertaken with 6-311G(2d,2p) basis set. A comparison of theoretically predicted data with the corresponding experimental data has allowed us to elucidate the absolute configuration and predominant conformations of (+)-1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl phenyl sulfoxide.
The Rising Fastball: Baseball's Impossible Pitch:

Batters in professional baseball are confronted with pitches that appear to curve, dip, wobble, or rise. The rising fastball is a pitch where the ball appears to hop up as much as a third of a meter with a sudden increase in speed. Physics experiments confirm that many reported trajectories are possible, but not the rising fastball. The present paper shows how the apparent rise may be explained as a perceptual illusion due to the hitter underestimating original speed of the pitch.
Wideband EMC/EMI analysis using skeletonalized domain decomposition method

In this work, a full-wave wideband analysis algorithm based on skeletonalized domain decomposition method (DDM) framework is developed to investigate electromagnetic interference (EMI) or electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems involving multiple antennas in the presence of electrically large and complex platforms. More importantly, frequency responses across a wide range of spectrum can be solved by using a single set of mesh. Specifically, in this work, the skeletonalization algorithm is adopted throughout the solution process to significantly reduce the memory and CPU consumption in the low frequency and multi-scale scenario. In the numerical example, this analysis package runs on a modest work station and simulates an EMC problem from 75MHz to 18GHz using a mesh with a resolution that is appropriate for 3GHz.
Histochemical and ultrastructural changes in the haustorium of date ( Phoenix dactylifera L.)

During imbibition ofPhoenix dactylifera embryos, all cotyledon cells show the same changes: protein and lipid bodies degrade, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) increases in amount, and dictyosomes appear. At germination, the distal portion of the cotyledon expands to form the haustorium. At this time, epithelial cells have a dense cytoplasm with many extremely small vacuoles. Many ribosomes are present along with ER, dictyosomes, and mitochondria. The parenchyma cells have large vacuoles and a small amount of peripheral cytoplasm. Between 2 and 6 weeks after germination, epithelial cells still retain the dense cytoplasm and many organelles appear: glyoxysomes, large lipid bodies, amyloplasts, large osmiophilic bodies, and abundant rough and smooth ER which appear to merge into the plasmalemma. A thin electron-transparent inner wall layer with many small internal projections is added to the cell walls. Starch grains appear first in the subsurface and internal parenchyma and subsequently in the epithelium. Lipid bodies, glyoxysomes, protein, and osmiophilic bodies occur in the epithelial and subepithelial cell layers but not in the internal parenchyma. At 8 weeks after germination, the cytoplasm becomes electron transparent, vacuolation occurs, lipid bodies and osmiophilic bodies degrade, and the endomembranes disassemble. After 10 weeks, the cells are empty. These data support the hypothesis that the major functions of the haustorium are absorption and storage.
Compromised optimal hybridization temperatures may explain PM plus DQA1 anomalies

The multiplex DNA typing test kit, PM plus DQA1 relies on 36 different oligonucleotides that all must hybridize correctly for accurate DNA typing. The G + C contents of the probe oligonucleotides range from 47% to 83%. Since G + C content directly affects optimal hybridization temperatures, a wide range of optimal hybridization temperatures is expected. This was verified by two empirically tested formulas. The recommended hybridization temperature is 55 degrees C. The control probe has an estimated optimal temperature of 75 degrees C indicating low stringency of the control. The B allele probe of the GC locus has an estimated optimal hybridization temperature of 70 degrees C. These discrepancies are unexplained by GC clusters or sequence palindromes. The departures from temperature optima may be responsible for observed PM plus DQA1 artifacts and for previously observed, low tolerance of this system to temperature variation. Since optimal temperature and cation concentration are related variables, careful attention to these is recommended as are positive controls demonstrating amplification of all alleles monitored by PM plus DQA1.
Gauged Maximally Extended Supergravity in Seven-dimensions

Abstract The complete nonlinear gauged N = 4, d = 7 supergravity action and supersymmetry transformation laws (without four- and three-fermion terms) are obtained by the Noether method, starting from the linearized gauged N = 4, d = 7 model, as previously found by spontaneous compactification of d = 11 supergravity on S 4 . The model has a local Yang-Mills SO(5) and a local composite SO(5) symmetry. Essential in the construction is the selfdual action for the five third-rank antisymmetric tensors.
Gas-Phase Peptide Sulfinyl Radical Ions: Formation and Unimolecular Dissociation

A variety of peptide sulfinyl radical (RSO•) ions with a well-defined radical site at the cysteine side chain were formed at atmospheric pressure (AP), sampled into a mass spectrometer, and investigated via collision-induced dissociation (CID). The radical ion formation was based on AP reactions between oxidative radicals and peptide ions containing single inter-chain disulfide bond or free thiol group generated from nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI). The radical induced reactions allowed large flexibility in forming peptide radical ions independent of ion polarity (protonated or deprotonated) or charge state (singly or multiply charged). More than 20 peptide sulfinyl radical ions in either positive or negative ion mode were subjected to low energy collisional activation on a triple-quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer. The competition between radical- and charge-directed fragmentation pathways was largely affected by the presence of mobile protons. For peptide sulfinyl radical ions with reduced proton mobility (i.e., singly protonated, containing basic amino acid residues), loss of 62 Da (CH2SO), a radical-initiated dissociation channel, was dominant. For systems with mobile protons, this channel was suppressed, while charge-directed amide bond cleavages were preferred. The polarity of charge was found to significantly alter the radical-initiated dissociation channels, which might be related to the difference in stability of the product ions in different ion charge polarities.
Delayed diagnosis and treatment of acoustic neuroma.

The records of 25 patients who underwent excision of acoustic neuroma between 1980 and 1987 were reviewed. All patients originated from southern New England. Facial nerve function was preserved in 92% of all patients, and 42% of patients with tumors less than 2.0 cm retained residual hearing postoperatively. These rates compare favorably with those found in larger series.1-3 Our series demonstrated that 60% of patients complained of hearing loss for longer than 2 years prior to tumor diagnosis. The mean duration of hearing loss prior to diagnosis was 4.2 years. Although sophisticated diagnostic methods were generally available, early detection of tumors did not occur, despite the early onset of auditory symptoms. The emergence of sophisticated computer-assisted diagnostic tests and the development of technologically advanced operative methods have reduced operative morbidity, but interestingly, have had little influence on early tumor diagnosis. Late detection of acoustic neuroma in an otherwise medically sophisticated community suggests the need for improved awareness among patients and their primary care providers. Failure of early detection may occur more commonly than generally appreciated, despite the availability of technologically advanced methods of diagnosis.
THE SOCIAL CAPITAL RESOURCES OF GENDER AND CLASS GROUPS

ABSTRACT Social capital resources affect careers. Yet, insufficient attention has been given to how access to social capital resources differs for social groups and, therefore, differentially affects careers. This study consists of in-depth interviews with 246 white interviewees from three parts of the U.S.: New Jersey, Tennessee, and Ohio. The interviews provide extensive details about how social capital resources affected the respondents' educational and employment endeavors. We found that men had greater access to social capital resources than women. Thus, career advantages accumulated for men, while career disadvantages accumulated for women. There were few class differences in access to social capital resources, but the middle/upper middle class had better career returns than the working class. Unlike many other studies of social capital resources and careers, our study examines the processes by which the resources were derived, how they were used, and how they affected careers. As such, we detail a ...
Can PET imaging tell us what's the matter with the gray matter in multiple sclerosis?

In this issue of Neurology ®, Politis et al.1 utilized brain PET and the radioligand 11C-PK11195 to estimate expression of the translocator protein 18 kD (TSPO) as a marker of activated microglia in …
The isolation, culture and callus formation of soybean pod protoplasts

Abstract Various tissues of Glycine max , including leaf, stem, stem apex, root and cotyledon were treated with standard, commercially available enzymes, including pectinases, cellulases, hemicellulases, and others, singly and in combination. Many single cells were produced by most of these enzyme mixes, but protoplasts were exceedingly rare ( 6 /ml) with fair consistency. This paper compares the effects of preincubation in the presence of arginine of pod tissue with dirict isolation methods. There was little difference in protoplast yield and survival between ‘two-step’ sequential enzyme versus ‘one-step’ mixed-enzyme procedures. Upon culture, protoplasts regenerated a wall, underwent sustained division, formed callus, and produced roots. Thus, for soybean utilizing pod protoplasts, the full range of protoplast-related techniques seems largely in place with only shoot differentiation not yet obtainable.
Embedded microcontroller networks: acoustic materials health monitoring

Fiber reinforced polymer matrix (FRP) composites have a rich history of diagnosis and characterized using acoustic emissions techniques. The highly dispersive, attenuating, and anisotropic nature of unidirectional composites places an emphasis on high density local sensing as opposed to low density more-global sensing strategies. A high density of sensors naturally implies large quantities of data requiring large bandwidth and substantial processing power. By distributing processing with the sensors themselves results in a decreased demand for bandwidth and lower computational power needed at each node in what is now a parallel processing computer. Desired information, time constraints and mechanical considerations place both hard and soft constraints on our network helping to define its architecture. I will present investigated computing architectures and their benefits and limitations as they relate to the various constraints involved.
Compression of cw passively additive-pulse mode-locked Nd:YLF laser pulses

Abstract Compression of the 5 ps pulses from a cw passively additive-pulse mode-locked Nd:YLF laser yields pulses of 170 fs in duration at an average power of 1.5 W, corresponding to a peak power of 115 kW. At average power levels well above the Raman threshold in the optical fiber used in the pulse compression, the stimulated Raman amplification is not a power limiting factor.
Free Exchange for Mutual Benefit: Sweatshops and Maitland’s “Classical Liberal Standard”

Ian Maitland defends sweatshop labor on the grounds that “A wage or labor practice is ethically acceptable if it is freely chosen by informed workers” (he calls his view “the Classical Liberal Standard,” CLS). I present several examples of economic exchanges that are mutually beneficial and satisfy the requirements of the CLS, but, nonetheless, are morally wrong. Maitland’s arguments in defense of sweatshops are unsuccessful because they depend on the flawed “CLS.” My paper criticizes Maitland’s arguments in defense of sweatshops, but I do not claim that his conclusions are false—I do not claim to have shown that the labor practices Maitland defends are morally wrong. I argue that some of the disagreements about sweatshops between Maitland and his critics depend on disagreements about the answers controversial questions in ethical theory. In the absence of definitive answers to those questions, there are no decisive arguments for or against Maitland’s view about sweatshops.
Experimental Testing of Micro-Scale Self Assembly Process Model

Self assembly holds potential as a more efficient mass-production tool for integration of micro and nano-scaled devices, than traditional pick-and-place methods. While there has been significant innovation in self-assembly demonstrations, less progress has been made on models to predict the relationship between process rates and yields and key process parameters. This work is meant to gather experimental data on capillary self assembly process for micrometer scaled devices, using a controlled experimental assembly system. The purpose is to identify appropriate process variables that can be used to characterize self-assembly processes. Candidate process variables include kinetic energy, angle of impact, surface binding energy, shape and size of surfaces, and fraction area of assembly. Significant improvements to the previously reported self assembly test system are shown. While the experimental techniques continue to be refined, empirical relations are shown for various angles of impact, with fixed kinetic and binding energy values.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Templated mineralization of peptide-based unsymmetric bolaamphiphiles

Template synthesis of high-aspect-ratio, one-dimensional cadmium sulfide nanostructures results from the mineralization of unsymmetric peptide-based bolaamphiphiles. These templates, which are comp...
Isolation of radioactive d- and l-α-aminoadipate of high specific activity by selective bacterial metabolism

Abstract High specific activity d - and l -amino[6- 14 C]adipate(47 μCi/μmole) were isolated via sclective metabolism of the opposite isomer by Alcaligenes denitrificans and Pseudomonas putida . These organisms were also used for determinations of isomeric purity which was at least 99% for both isomers. Yields were 33 and 25% for d - and l -α-aminoadipate, respectively.
Chiral logs in the presence of staggered flavor symmetry breaking

Chiral logarithms in ${m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}$ are calculated at one loop, taking into account the leading contributions to flavor symmetry breaking due to staggered fermions. I treat both the full QCD case $(2+1$ light dynamical flavors) and the quenched case; finite volume corrections are included. My starting point is the effective chiral Lagrangian introduced by Lee and Sharpe. It is necessary to understand the one-loop diagrams in the ``quark flow'' picture in order to adjust the calculation to correspond to the desired number of dynamical quarks.