cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Basal/Reserve Cell Immunophenotype in Benign and Neoplastic Endometrium: A Study with the p53 Homologue p63

Abstract Background. Metaplastic differentiation, including squamous, mucinous, and tubal (ciliated), is common in both benign and neoplastic endometrium, and the cell of origin for this pathway is poorly understood. In this study, expression of a marker for basal and reserve cells in cervical squamous mucosa, designated p63, was investigated in a spectrum of endometrial alterations. Methods. One hundred ninety different endometria from 132 patients were examined, including fetal (6), premenarchal (3), benign cyclic (29) and noncyclic (54), hyperplastic (14), and neoplastic (93) endometrial glandular epithelia. The latter included conventional endometrioid carcinomas with and without mucinous, ciliated, and squamous metaplasia, and uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC). Results. p63 expression was identified in basal/subcolumnar cells in the fetal endometrium in a distribution similar to that in basal/reserve cells of the cervix. Staining was confined to individual scattered basal and suprabasal cells in cycling endometrium. In polyps and postmenopausal endometria, focal clusters of p63-positive cells were identified in inactive glands or surface epithelium. Metaplastic (squamous or mucinous) epithelia, either alone or in conjunction with hyperplasias or carcinomas, exhibited the most intense staining, primarily in basal or subcolumnar cells. In some cases, immediately adjacent nonmetaplastic columnar epithelium also stained positive. UPSCs contained only rare scattered p63-positive cells. Conclusions. Cells with a basal or reserve cell phenotype exist in the endometrium during fetal life, are not conspicuous during the reproductive years, but may emerge during shifts in differentiation. Whether these cells signify specialized multipotential endometrial cells is not clear, but the similarity of these cells to basal/reserve cells of the cervix and their association with neoplasia merit further study.
Is a perceived shape based on its retinal image

Although the processing of phenomenal shape might be supposed to begin at an early stage, with the shape of the retinal image of an object, it is possible that it does not begin until a later stage at which the locations of the parts of the object have been perceived. Such perceived locations are based on a compensation or constancy mechanism that takes account of eye position. Ordinarily these two possible bases of shape perception—retinal image and perceived location—are confounded. To separate them the parts of a shape were presented sequentially, during which time the eyes were in motion. The eye movement did not alter phenomenal locations of the parts vis-a-vis one another but did yield an entirely different composite retinal image of the parts. Another method employed was to change the location of each sequentially presented part with respect to a displacing frame of reference. By and large the results indicate that the composite shape perceived is based on the perceived location of the parts of the...
Household Composition and Maternal Depression Examining the Role of Multigenerational Households

The context in which women raise their children has changed significantly over the past 50 years. However, research on families has often neglected to account for the increasing diversity within household structures and its effects on mothers. Using logistic regression, this article examines the likelihood of depression among mothers and multigenerational coresidence, in the first year of the focal child’s life. This research uses data from the first three waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a national representative sample of 2,970 married, single, and cohabitating mothers. The results indicate that those living in a multigenerational household show a statistically significant difference in the likelihood of depression; however, the direction of the relationship is moderated by the duration of the coresidence and the mother’s race/ethnicity and marital status. This article also addresses implications for future research and public policy.
Boundary Control of Wave Equations with Delayed Boundary Measurement

The Smith predictor and its variant are applied to boundary control of a wave equation with delayed boundary measurement. The well-known instability problem due to a small time delay is solved for wave equations. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The effect of the time delay size and the boundary feedback gain has also been demonstrated
A model based on dimensional analysis for noninvasive quantification of valvular regurgitation under confined and impinging conditions: in vitro pulsatile flow validation.

A technique is proposed for the noninvasive quantification of regurgitant flows under confined and impinging conditions. Its use requires only the knowledge of the jet orifice velocity, receiving chamber diameter, orifice-to-end wall distance and any downstream jet centerline velocity at a known distance from the orifice. The technique is based on dimensional analysis and provides a prediction of peak regurgitant flow rates. To validate the technique, known physiologic pulsatile flows were pumped through 2- and 4-mm circular orifices at 70 to 150 beats/min, into two different receiving chambers of 51 and 88 mm in diameter. At each heart rate, the peak orifice velocity was varied from 2 to 5 m/s, and the orifice-to-end wall distance was varied from 30 to 93 mm. Centerline velocities were recorded by pulsed Doppler ultrasound and averaged over multiple beats. A dimensional analysis of the parameters of the study provided an equation relating normalized centerline velocity to orifice-to-end wall distance, chamber diameter and downstream location. Statistical modeling of the experimental data was performed to compute the constants involved in this equation. The estimated (i.e., predicted by the technique) peak regurgitant flow rates were found to fall within 10% of the actual values, when centerline velocities were measured over a range of centerline distances from six orifice diameters to 85% of the chamber length. Therefore, the proposed technique provides, for the first time, a quantitative method for calculating valvular regurgitant flow rates under confined and impinging conditions.
Inhibition of mercury methylation in anoxic freshwater sediment by group VI anions

The addition of group VI anions to sediment slurries resulted in the inhibition of the rate of mercury (Hg) methylation. The ranking of inhibition is as follows: tellurate (TeO) > selenate (TeO) > molybdate (MoO) > tungstate (WO). In sediment slurries treated with TeO and SeO, methylmercury (MeHg) formation was significantly inhibited (p 50 nM of TeO and >270 nM of SeO, while the significant inhibition (p < 0.05) of Hg-methylation by MoO and WO was observed in slurries spiked at final concentrations ≥100 μM and ≥700 μM, respectively. Increasing the sulfate (SO) concentration while using fixed concentrations of inhibitors led to the partial reestablishment of some MeHg production in WO-treated slurries, whereas, no such significant change was noticed in sediment slurries treated with MoO and TeO. These observations suggested that WO inhibits Hg methylation by a competitive mechanism, while MoO and TeO are noncompetitive inhibitors. Selenate and SO showed a qualitatively similar effect on Hg methylation at concentrations tested, in that each showed stimulation at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations. The depression of MeHg formation by group VI anions was not accompanied by an inhibition of general microbial activity, suggesting that only particular microorganisms, such as sulfate-reducing bacteria, are responsible for Hg methylation. Finally, in the concentration ranges encountered in most natural aquatic environments, the inhibition of MeHg production by group VI anions is unlikely, except in systems where those elements are found in anomalously high concentrations.
VIDAS Test for Avidity of Toxoplasma-Specific Immunoglobulin G for Confirmatory Testing of Pregnant Women

Because congenital toxoplasmosis is almost solely the result of maternal infection acquired during gestation, it is critical to determine whether infection during pregnancy has occurred. In the United States, definitive diagnosis of the acute infection and the time of its occurrence have been compromised by a lack of systematic screening and the fact that only a single serum sample is submitted for testing. In studies in Europe, and depending on the method used, the demonstration of high-avidity immunoglobulin G (IgG) toxoplasma antibodies has been shown to exclude infection having occurred in the first 3 to 5 months of pregnancy. We investigated the usefulness of determining the avidity of IgG toxoplasma antibodies with a VIDAS kit (herein referred to as the VIDAS Toxo-IgG avidity kit, the VIDAS kit essentially rules out acute infection having occurred within the 4 prior months) in the setting of a reference serology laboratory in the United States. Sera (132 samples) from 132 women in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy were chosen because at least one test in the toxoplasma serological profile (TSP) suggested or was equivocal for a recently acquired infection. High-avidity antibodies were demonstrated in 75% of 99 sera positive with the IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 31.3% of 16 sera with acute TSP results. A significant percentage of sera with equivocal results wtih the IgM ELISA or TSP also had high-avidity test results. Of 39 women for whom treatment with spiramycin had been suggested to attempt to prevent congenital transmission, 19 (48.7%) had high-avidity antibodies. These findings highlight the value of the VIDAS IgG avidity kit when used in combination with the TSP to exclude recent infection, especially when only a single serum sample is available.
Efficient Trace Signal Selection for Silicon Debug by Error Transmission Analysis

In this paper, a technique is presented for selecting signals to observe during silicon debug. Internal signals are used to analyze, understand, and debug circuit misbehavior. An automated procedure to select which signals to observe is proposed to facilitate early detection of circuit malfunction and to enhance the utilization of hardware resources for storage. Signals that are most often sensitized to possible errors are observed in sequential circuits. Given a functional input vector set, an error transmission matrix is generated by analyzing which flip-flops are sensitized to other flip-flops. Relatively independent flip-flops are identified and a set of signals that maximally cover the possible error sites with given constraints are identified through integer linear programming. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can rapidly and precisely identify the nonconforming chip behavior and thereby can speed up the post-silicon debug process.
THE SYSTEMATIC BIAS EFFECTS OF INCOMPLETE RESPONSES IN ROTATION SAMPLES

Rotation samples are frequently used in continuing surveys in order to obtain estimates of changes in a characteristic over time as well as separate estimates of the characteristic at specific points in time. Rotation designs involve the retention of some sampling units and the replacement of others. It has been observed in some studies that there are systematic changes in the estimate of a characteristic, depending on the frequency of appearance of a rotation group in the sample. It is shown in this paper that these systematic changes must occur provided (1) the probability of a selected unit actually appearing in the sample is monotonically related to the characteristic under measurement, and (2) the probability of a selected unit actually appearing in the sample changes monotonically from one observation point to the next. Some numerical examples showing the form and magnitude of the potential biases are included. W. H. Williams is Professor of Statistics at the University of Michigan.
Sexual and injection-related risks in Puerto Rican-born injection drug users living in New York City: A mixed-methods analysis

Background: These data were collected as part of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) study. NHBS is a cross-sectional study to investigate HIV behavioral risks among core risk groups in 21 U.S. cities with the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence. This analysis examines data from the NHBS data collection cycle with IDU conducted in New York City in 2009. We explored how the recency of migration from Puerto Rico (PR) to New York City (NYC) impacts both syringe sharing and unprotected sex among injection drug users (IDU) currently living in NYC. Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach to examine differences in risk between US-born IDU, PR IDU who migrated to NYC more than three years ago (non-recent migrants), and PR IDU who migrated in the last three years (recent migrants). Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit the sample (n = 514). In addition, qualitative individual and group interviews with recent PR migrants (n = 12) and community experts (n = 2) allowed for an in-depth exploration of the IDU migration process and the material and cultural factors behind continued risk behaviors in NYC. Results: In multiple logistic regression controlling for confounding factors, recent migrants were significantly more likely to report unprotected sexual intercourse with casual or exchange partners (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.81; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.37-5.76) and receptive syringe sharing (AOR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.20-4.97) in the past year, compared to US-born IDU. HIV and HCV seroprevalence were highest among non-recent migrants. Qualitative results showed that risky injection practices are partly based on cultural norms acquired while injecting drugs in Puerto Rico. These same results also illustrate how homelessness influences risky sexual practices. Conclusions: Poor material conditions (especially homelessness) may be key in triggering risky sexual practices. Cultural norms (ingrained while using drugs in PR) around injection drug use are perpetuated in their new setting following an almost natural flow. These norms may have a particular stronghold over risky drug injection practices. These results indicate that culturally appropriate HIV and HCV prevention and education services are needed. In addition, homelessness should be addressed to reduce risky sexual practices.
Vascular-dependent effects of elevated glucose on postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Perivascular sympathetic nerves are important determinants of vascular function that are likely to contribute to vascular complications associated with hyperglycemia and diabetes. The present study...
Appendix A—Research on hydrology and physiography of limestone-terranes

Current research in the hydrology and physiography of limestone-terranes is reported from distinctly varied fields and the number of investigations and the extent of interest seem to be expanding. The information available for this report ranges from theory to fact, and from the origin of caves and the relation between meteorite craters and sink-holes to the additional evidence which is accumulating about deep-seated solution-cavities. In the study of the origin of limestone-caverns, J. Harlen Bretz has extended his examinations of caves in the eastern, mid-western, and southwestern United States to include a large number of caverns which show significant relations to local structure and physiography. In addition Professor Bretz is giving special attention to the type of cavern, usually filled, which immediately underlies unconformities.
Generalization of Cooperative Behavior Across Classroom Situations

Three behavior-disordered preschoolers who had low rates of cooperative behavior served as subjects in a classroom setting. Observations were made throughout phases of Baseline, Intervention I, Reversal, and Intervention II, and within a multiple baseline design. For participation in a low-frequency assembly task, children gained access time to high-frequency activities. Data were also collected during free-play occasions during which contingencies were not manipulated. Results indicated an increase in cooperative behavior and proximity within task-specific (e.g., assembly) situations. There was additional evidence of generalization of such behavior during free-play periods. The outcomes indicate the feasibility of group behavior change by simple systematic contingency rearrangement of existing classroom activities. Results also support generalization of programmed gains to nonprogrammed behavior classes within the same environment.
Tongan Doctors and a Critical Medical Ethnography1

Since 2001, I have been doing research on Tongan doctors. Take a moment to reflect on that statement. What does it mean, to you? Did you experience a moment of confusion? Generally, when I say ‘I'm...
Implicit identification of non-robustly unsensitizable paths

This paper presents a novel approach for identifying non-robustly unsensitizable paths using the bounded gate delay model. It is shown that many non-robust paths will remain undetected unless the delay values are calculated at the path level rather than considering calculations at the circuit level bounded delay. As an initial step a canonical data structure is generated where each circuit path is identifiable and the method operates implicitly on this structure. Experimental results show this implicit approach identifies efficiently a large number of non-robustly unsensitizable paths that were not identified in previous work.
Racial Mistrust and Deviant Behaviors Among Ethnically Diverse Black Adolescent Boys

While it has been suggested that mistrust of the dominant White society may be an important protective factor for some members of racial minorities, the question of whether mistrust may also be related to nonnormative behaviors among minority members has not been explored. Using survey data from Miami, Florida, this study empirically tests this hypothesis among a sample of African American, Haitian, and other Caribbean island Black adolescent boys. Bivariate analyses suggest a strong relationship between racial mistrust and conventional forms of delinquency for all three ethnic groups. These findings also held in multivariate analyses in which six traditional predictors of deviance were statistically controlled. The authors conclude that racial mistrust adds a new dimension to empirical prediction models. In addition, they conclude that issues associated with racial mistrust should be considered when developing and implementing prevention strategies.
Methods for calculating factors of safety for plant stems.

The concept of a ‘factor of safety’ is used by biologists and engineers who generally agree that structures must be mechanically reliable, i.e. that structures must be capable of coping with unprecedented loads without failing. These factors can be calculated for individual structures or for a population of otherwise equivalent mechanical structures differing in their load capabilities. Objective methods for quantifying factors of safety for biological structures are nevertheless difficult to devise because (1) actual (working) loads are defined by environmental conditions that can vary widely, (2) breaking loads (capability) of otherwise mechanically equivalent structures can likewise vary as a result of developmental variation, and (3) specific criteria for failure must be determined a priori. In this paper, we illustrate and discuss two methods for computing factors of safety for plants. One method works well for individual stems or entire plants, the other is useful when dealing with a population of conspecifics exhibiting a norm of reaction. Both methods require estimates of the actual and breaking bending (or torsional) moments experienced by stems, and both are amenable to dealing with any biologically reasonable criterion for failure. However, the two methods differ in terms of the assumptions made and the types of data that need to be gathered. The advantage of the first method is that it estimates the potential for survival of an individual stem or plant. The disadvantage is that it neglects natural variation among otherwise mechanically homologous individuals. The advantage of the second (statistical) approach is that it estimates the probability of survival of a population in a particular habitat. The disadvantage of this approach is that it sheds little light on the probability of an individual9s survival.
Standard Outcome Measures in Facial Paralysis: Getting on the Same Page.

Clinicians caring for patients with facial paralysis (FP) are universally interested in improving outcomes by developing and/or embracing treatment approaches that advance functional recovery, improve aesthetic outcome, and/or restore nonverbal communication ability. In facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, increasing emphasis on outcomes 1 has driven the development of myriad assays to measure the effects of therapy. Some assays have been statistically validated and tested for internal consistency, applying varying degrees of rigor, though many remain inadequately tested. Because of the high complexity and broad range of deficits that patients diagnosed with FP experience, agreement regarding standard outcomes measures has been particularly elusive. In the current era, agreement regarding these measures is critical to advancing care. Deep experience with the condition over the past several decades has permitted leaders to begin to agree on certain elements essential to progress in FP treatment. 2 Intake Patients with FP require meticulous standardized intake. 2 The process should include detailed medical history and physical examination, with full cranial nerve examination, including testing facial and corneal sensation, and motor function of the tongue and muscles of mastication. Requisite medical therapy, laboratory testing, consultations, and imaging investigations are applied as indicated. 3 Patients require standardized pho
Condition Self-Management in Pediatric Spina Bifida: A Longitudinal Investigation of Medical Adherence, Responsibility-Sharing, and Independence Skills

Objective This study aimed to evaluate rates of medical adherence, responsibility, and independence skills across late childhood and adolescence in youth with spina bifida (SB) and to explore associations among these disease self-management variables. Method 111 youth with SB, their parents, and a health professional participated at two time points. Informants completed questionnaires regarding medical adherence, responsibility-sharing, and child independence skills. Results Youth gained more responsibility and independence skills across time, although adherence rates did not follow a similar trajectory. Increased child medical responsibility was related to poorer adherence, and father-reported independence skills were associated with increased child responsibility. Conclusions This study highlights medical domains that are the most difficult for families to manage (e.g., skin checks). Although youth appear to gain more autonomy across time, ongoing parental involvement in medical care may be necessary to achieve optimal adherence across adolescence.
Evaluability Assessment Thesis and Dissertation Studies in Graduate Professional Degree Programs: Review and Recommendations

Evaluability assessment (EA) has potential as a design option for thesis and dissertation studies, serving as a practical training experience for both technical and nontechnical evaluation skills. ...
Do U.S. Family Firms Exhibit Lower Stock Price Crash Risk

Using a U.S sample of 2,657 U.S. listed firms (13,951 firm-years) spanning the period from 2004 to 2012, we show that family firms exhibit lower crash risk (all three measures) than similar nonfamily firms. Our results hold after we control for endogeneity in a comparison of family firms with propensity-score-matched nonfamily firms. We interpret this result as showing that the long term perspective in the family firms reduces the proclivity of managers to hide bad news which in turn reduces crash risk. We support our interpretation by showing that our results are driven by cases where family firms demonstrate the long term perspective by not engaging in real earnings management and in restraining the power of the CEO.
Macro-Restoration of Tidal Wetlands: A Whole Estuary Approach

A large-scale wetland restoration case-study is discussed in response to fish losses in an open cycle, cooling water system at a generating facility located on Delaware Bay, USA. Stable isotope analyses of vegetation, resident and marine transient finfishes in marshes and open waters of the estuary are described, along with biochemical condition of individuals as it relates to habitat quality, and secondary production. Population dynamics of spot ( Leiostomus xanthurus ), a “target species” impacted by the generating facility was used to compare fish losses at the intake with new production of this species in the restored marshes. A “whole estuary” (or seascape) approach to restoration was adopted, one that integrates the concepts of donor control, linkages between tidal salt marshes, the marsh-estuary-coastal continuum and the recruitment success of marine transients. We emphasize that individual wetlands do not function in isolation; rather they are spatially explicit and functionally connected habitat mosaics incorporating ecological processes driven by organism behavior. Linkages among habitats that affect the growth and survival of earlier life stages therefore tend to be underplayed in restoration planning; but few species are confined to a single habitat; e.g., tidal salt marshes. In contrast, the findings of our seascape focused study demonstrated consistent and predictable animal density or productivity ‘hotspots’ in relation to spatial position within the seascape. Both ontogenetic habitat shifts, the use of transitory and temporary habitats, and the concept of the estuarine seascape are discussed in the context of restoring not just habitats, but also estuarine-coastal “connectivity”.
Severe Acute Traumatic Mitral Regurgitation, Cardiogenic Shock Secondary to Embolized Polymethylmethracrylate Cement Foreign Body After a Percutaneous Vertebroplasty

We report the case of a 61-year-old woman with acute decompensated heart failure secondary to acute traumatic mitral regurgitation, resulting from polymethylmethacrylate cement found in the left ventricle less than 24 hours after fluoroscopic percutaneous vertebroplasty. The patient had a history of ovarian cancer and had undergone treatment for symptomatic osteoporotic compression fractures of the vertebrae (T11, L1, and L3). The patient underwent a successful emergency open-heart operation, mitral valve replacement, closure of an atrial septal defect, and video-assisted removal of the cement foreign body from the left ventricle. The patient was later discharged with a good outcome.
Conversion of the Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) Mixture to Hydrocarbons by Catalytic Dehydration

An acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) mixture, containing 62.9 wt % n-butanol, 29.3 wt % acetone, and 7.8 wt % ethanol, can be produced from biomass through the well-established ABE fermentation process using genetically modified Clostridium acetobutylicum. In this work, the catalytic dehydration reactions of the ABE mixture are studied to deoxygenate the mixture. A feed of the ABE mixture was preheated and pumped through a catalytic packed bed tubular reactor in a continuous process at pressures of 3–13 bar. Experiments were run at different operating temperatures and feed flow rates to observe the effect on the dehydration products, which are mixtures of three phases: (1) a gas phase consisting of light hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, (2) an organic liquid phase consisting of heavy hydrocarbons, and (3) an aqueous phase with dissolved oxygenated hydrocarbons. The products were analyzed and compared to those from the dehydration of pure n-butanol, acetone, and ethanol feedstocks. The conversion is examined o...
Development of a Free-To-Roll Transonic Test Capability

As part of the NASA/Navy Abrupt Wing Stall Program, a relatively low-cost, rapid-access wind-tunnel free-to-roll rig was developed. This rig combines the use of conventional models and test apparatuses to evaluate both transonic performance and wing-drop/rock tendencies in a single tunnel entry. A description of the test hardware as well as a description of the experimental procedures is given. The free-to-roll test rig has been used successfully to assess the static and dynamic characteristics of three different configurations--two configurations that exhibit uncommanded lateral motions, (pre-production F/A-18E and AV-8B), and one that did not (F/A-18C). SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS AWS abrupt wing stall C A axial force coefficient C ι rolling moment coefficient C N normal force coefficient C m pitching moment coefficient C n yawing moment coefficient C Y side force coefficient FTR free to roll
The interforence of English inonation to Mandarin tones perception revisited:the linguistic analysis and the empirical solutions

The arguments of the fundamental problems in Mandarin tone acquisition by American college students stated in the article entitled The Interference of American English Intonation Patterns on the Perception of Mandarin Tones by American Students(Chinese Teaching in the World, Vol. 1, 2000) have been well accepted at home and abroad. However, a new question has been raised accordingly: what could be the remedy to those problems, if there is any. It is intended in this article to conduct further discussions on this topic from three major perspectives: 1) a phonetic analysis and comparison of the different ways of pitch employment in Mandarin Chinese tone system and American English intonation system ; 2) a detail discussion of the different developmental stages of language acquisition by human mind in the gradual maturation process of human brain; introducing the new look at the "origin of representation for speech", which sheds lights on the problems found in tone perception by non-tonal language speakers; and 3) the theoretical ground plans of the remedy to the existing problems. The analyses and discussions in this article are supported by the classic and latest linguistic theories, the results of scientific research and experiments, and the author’s long time teaching experience.
456 TARGETING DIABETES MELLITUS, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, AND OBESITY: HEALTHY LIFESTYLES EDUCATION AT THE SWINOMISH INDIAN TRIBAL CLINIC.

Purpose To address high rates of diabetes mellitus and obesity on the Swinomish Indian Reservation in Washington State, a Rural/Underserved Opportunities Program Independent Investigative Inquiry community project was designed to increase awareness of chronic illness, health maintenance, and disease prevention in a culturally appropriate format. Methods Information about local health services, disease prevalence and prevention, and nutrition was gathered through a MEDLINE literature search, meetings with local physicians and public health officials, and on-site clinical experience. The Swinomish Indian Tribal Clinic sponsored a medical fair and “fasting and feasting” event to allow fasting community members to check their blood pressure, blood glucose, and cholesterol levels and subsequently to partake in a heart-healthy feast. On-site diabetes counseling was provided to all patients with abnormal results. Through flyers, newsletters, radio announcements, and word-of-mouth, Swinomish children were particularly encouraged to attend the health fair in addition to visiting the clinic for their yearly sports physicals. Each child who attended the health fair received a backpack filled with school supplies and was fitted for a personalized sports mouth guard made by the dental clinic staff. In addition, children were invited to learn to use stethoscopes and blood pressure cuffs, to explore the affects of tobacco and alcohol on human vital organs, to wear doctors9 white coats, and to hear about higher education opportunities available through the University of Washington. Results Seven of the eight community members screened for hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were at risk for developing diabetes, and one clinic practitioner had hyperlipidemia. Thirteen children received sports physicals, personalized mouth guards, backpacks, and Polaroid photographs of their participation in the health fair. Conclusion The health fair supplied a vehicle through which to provide counseling and follow-up clinic appointments for all “Fasting and Feasting Day” participants at risk for developing diabetes, offered tangible community education about the effects of alcohol and tobacco on vital organs, empowered young people on the Swinomish Reservation to seek higher education opportunities, and fostered a closer working relationship between the Swinomish Indian Tribal Clinic and the Native American Center of Excellence at the University of Washington.
Central Banking before 1914

In this chapter we address questions relating to the evolution of central banks during the period 1850–1913. While the operation of the gold standard gets the most attention in the literature, there was considerably more to central bank behaviour than merely adhering to the gold standard. As we show below, the monetary authorities of individual countries sometimes pursued what might be characterized as domestic monetary objectives from time to time. They also supervised their domestic banking systems, at least in some cases. It will be the main task of this chapter to discuss the institutional details of the financial sectors of the major European economies, keeping one eye on the operation of the gold standard (or its failure to operate as designed) and one eye on the evolving nature of central banking itself.
To Know the Distance: Wayfinding and Roadmaps of Early Modern England and France

In 1675, John Ogilby produced his road atlas with strip maps which not only arrived with fanfare, but spawned several more publications that aimed to be user-friendly. As with many maps and atlases from the London printing trade, the objectives were to serve consumers, acquire a piece of the market, and have an outlet for a new edition. Across the Channel, however, the road network of France, as with other public works, was not only state-directed but a tool of state power. Not until nearly one hundred years later did Claude-Sidoine Michel and Louis-Charles Desnos produce L’Indicateur Fidele , which provided strip maps for merchants, navigators, and travelers. This publication emerged out of the French national mapping project directed by the Cassini family. In the interim, while French map makers produced maps with an appeal to serving the state, they, like their London contemporaries, also hoped to maintain a thriving business and attract an audience, often through the traditional French social institution of patronage. The purpose of this comparative study of (post) road maps and atlases of England and France is to investigate the role of the government and the publishing trade in the production of these works. Resume: En 1675, John Ogilby produisait son atlas routier constitue de cartes d’itineraires qui non seulement etait publie en grande pompe mais allait donner naissance a de nombreuses autres publications a vocation conviviale. Comme pour plusieurs cartes et atlas issus des ateliers d’impression londoniens, les objectifs vises etaient de servir les consommateurs, de s’approprier une part du marche et d’ouvrir la voie a de nouvelles editions. Outre-Manche, par ailleurs, le reseau routier francais etait, comme divers autres travaux publics, a la fois la prerogative de l’Etat et un instrument de son pouvoir. Ce n’est qu’une centaine d’annees plus tard que Claude-Sidoine Michel et Louis-Charles Desnos allaient produire l’Indicateur Fidele , contenant des cartes d’itineraires destinees aux marchands, aux navigateurs et aux voyageurs. Cette publication etait le fruit du projet national francais de cartographie, dirige par la famille Cassini. Dans l’intervalle, les cartographes francais produisant leurs cartes dans le dessein de servir l’Etat aspiraient aussi, comme leurs contemporains de Londres, a mener des activites commerciales florissantes et a s’attirer un public, faisant souvent appel a l’institution sociale francaise traditionnelle du patronage. Dans son etude comparative des cartes routieres (postales) et des atlas d’Angleterre et de France, l’auteure analyse le role du gouvernement et des editeurs dans la production de ces ouvrages.
Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Costs? (P2.299)

Objective: To determine if CTP correctly identifies the infarct core and if post-tPA hemorrhagic conversion is related to the size of the infarct core and/or the accuracy of CTP in identifying the infarct core. Background: Previous studies have shown the risk for post-tPA hemorrhagic conversion rises significantly as the size of the infarct core increases. Thus, it is of great importance to have an accurate method of measuring core infarct size in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke. Design/Methods: This study is a retrospective chart and imaging review of all patients who presented to the ED during a one year period with signs and symptoms of acute ischemic stroke who then subsequently received tPA. Results: CTP and MR-DWI are in agreement 54[percnt] of the time, agreeing on the presence of an infarct core in 7 patients (10[percnt]) and agreeing on the absence of an infarct core in 31 patients (44[percnt]). 12[percnt] of patients have post-tPA hemorrhagic conversion, and the odds of post-tPA hemorrhagic conversion are 56 times higher in patients with infarct cores larger than one-third of a vascular territory than in patients with smaller infarct cores (p-value < 0.001). Patients with correct interpretations of CTP data have a 46[percnt] lower likelihood of post-tPA hemorrhagic conversion than do patients with contradictory CTP and MR-DWI data, however this relationship is not significant. Conclusion: Because patients with larger infarct cores are 56 times more likely to experience post-tPA hemorrhagic conversion than patients with smaller infarct cores and CTP is not accurate in identifying the infarct core in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke, CTP studies should not be part of the acute stroke imaging protocol. Another imaging modality, such as MR-DWI, should be used instead of CTP in the setting of acute ischemic stroke to identify the infarct core. Disclosure: Dr. Willows has nothing to disclose. Dr. Karis has nothing to disclose.
1982 The Hippocampus and Navigation

The Morris water maze is a useful technique for studying orientation and spatial learning in rodents. It combines an aversive stimulus, immersion in water, with escape routes that can be placed to test the animal’s use of previous experiences in shaping its movements. Its earliest application was in the establishment of the hippocampus as the central integrator in vertebrate navigation.
Where the femslashers are: Media on the lesbian continuum

Some texts are femslashier than others. Drawing on Alexander Doty's argument that television shows with primary relationships between women are "lesbian sitcoms," I argue that media driven by relationships between women are "structurally lesbian media" that generate femslash fandoms.
Primary Biological Motivators in Music Media: Motivated Processing of Sex and Violence

This study examined the processing of primary biologically motivating content commonly found in popular music videos—sex and violence—from a motivated cognition perspective (Lang, 2006, 2009). Part...
Infection by bacterial pathogens expressing type III secretion decreases luciferase activity: ramifications for reporter gene studies.

Pathogenic microbes influence gene regulation in eukaryotic hosts. Reporter gene studies can define the roles of promoter regulatory sequences. The effect of pathogenic bacteria on reporter genes h...
Finding class in the glass: Obsidian source as a costly signal

Abstract Various studies in the past have utilized a costly signaling model to understand the importance of foreign goods. With few exceptions, stone tools have been ignored in the discussion. Sourcing studies of lithic industries have often failed to acknowledge the social benefits of such trade for utilitarian objects that are also locally available with presumably lower acquisition costs. The Postclassic Aztatlan center of San Felipe Aztatan in Nayarit, Mexico is a particularly compelling case study for such an investigation. Here, both local and exotic obsidians are used abundantly, but the reason for this remains unclear. I propose that costly signaling may be the reason for the importation of these more costly lithics. To qualify this, I demonstrate that obsidian source can be easily differentiated visually with little effort despite similar appearance, making it a reliable signal of wealth and connections through visual sourcing experimentation. I then use Game Theory in the form of a Truth-Lying Game to illustrate the rational motivations for signaling as well as the deference to the presumed elevated rank of the signaler by the receiver. Through these analyses, I demonstrate the efficacy of obsidian source as a costly signal.
Safety of pharmacotherapy options for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.

Introduction: Eating disorders represent a set of psychiatric illnesses with lifelong complications and high relapse rates. Individuals with eating disorders are often stigmatized and clinicians ha...
Clinical Information Systems Integration in New York City's First Mobile Stroke Unit.

Background Mobile stroke units (MSUs) reduce time to thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke. These units are widely used, but the clinical information systems underlying MSU operations are understudied. Objective The first MSU on the East Coast of the United States was established at New York Presbyterian Hospital (NYP) in October 2016. We describe our program's 7-month pilot, focusing on the integration of our hospital's clinical information systems into our MSU to support patient care and research efforts. Methods NYP's MSU was staffed by two paramedics, one radiology technologist, and a vascular neurologist. The unit was equipped with four laptop computers and networking infrastructure enabling all staff to access the hospital intranet and clinical applications during operating hours. A telephone-based registration procedure registered patients from the field into our admit/discharge/transfer system, which interfaced with the institutional electronic health record (EHR). We developed and implemented a computerized physician order entry set in our EHR with prefilled values to permit quick ordering of medications, imaging, and laboratory testing. We also developed and implemented a structured clinician note to facilitate care documentation and clinical data extraction. Results Our MSU began operating on October 3, 2016. As of April 27, 2017, the MSU transported 49 patients, of whom 16 received tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Zero technical problems impacting patient care were reported around registration, order entry, or intranet access. Two onboard network failures occurred, resulting in computed tomography scanner malfunctions, although no patients became ineligible for time-sensitive treatment as a result. Thirteen (26.5%) clinical notes contained at least one incomplete time field. Conclusion The main technical challenges encountered during the integration of our hospital's clinical information systems into our MSU were onboard network failures and incomplete clinical documentation. Future studies are necessary to determine whether such integrative efforts improve MSU care quality, and which enhancements to information systems will optimize clinical care and research efforts.
Correlation Length and Force Phasing of a Rigid Cylinder Subject to VIV

We present direct numerical simulations (DNS) of uniform flow at subcritical Reynolds number past a flexibly-mounted rigid cylinder subject to vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). We investigate different nominal reduced velocities near or in the region of maximum amplitude response for a small mass ratio and zero structural damping. We compute the correlation length of the flow quantities in the near wake and relate it to the force correlations along the cylinder. We perform a complex demodulation analysis to quantify the phase difference between structural displacement and forces. There exists a reduced velocity region near the Strouhal frequency, for which a sharp drop in the spanwise correlation of the flow quantities in the near wake and the forces is observed. This decrease in the spanwise correlation corresponds to a poor phasing between displacement and forces but it does not preclude a large response from the structure.
Newborn Screening for Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Methodologies, Screen Positive Rates, Normalization of Datasets, Second-Tier Tests, and Post-Analysis Tools

All of the worldwide newborn screening (NBS) for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) is done by measurement of lysosomal enzymatic activities in dried blood spots (DBS). Substrates used for these assays are discussed. While the positive predictive value (PPV) is the gold standard for evaluating medical tests, current PPVs for NBS of LSDs cannot be used as a performance metric due to statistical sampling errors and uncertainty in the onset of disease symptoms. Instead, we consider the rate of screen positives as the only currently reliable way to compare LSD NBS results across labs worldwide. It has been suggested that the expression of enzymatic activity data as multiple-of-the-mean is a way to normalize datasets obtained using different assay platforms, so that results can be compared, and universal cutoffs can be developed. We show that this is often not the case, and normalization is currently not feasible. We summarize the recent use of pattern matching statistical analysis together with measurement of an expanded group of enzymatic activities and biomarkers to greatly reduce the number of false positives for NBS of LSDs. We provide data to show that these post-enzymatic activity assay methods are more powerful than genotype analysis for the stratification of NBS for LSDs.
The Growth of Interdisciplinary Research and the Industrial Structure of the Production of Legal Ideas: A Reply to Judge Edwards

Judge Edwards' lively essayl declaims what he regards as the increasing disjunction between the substance of modem legal education and scholarship and the needs and interests of the judiciary and the practicing bar. According to Judge Edwards, law schools and law firms are moving in opposite directions. Law schools have increasingly abandoned real world legal problems in favor of abstract interdisciplinary theory, with a consequent diminution in their contribution toward solving problems faced by the judiciary. At the same time, law firms are becoming increasingly profit oriented, without regard to pursuing broader social interests. To combat these developments, Judge Edwards proposes that legal education be substantially reformed: he proposes greater production of "practical" by which he means more purely doctrinal and noninterdisciplinary scholarship, greater credit to practical scholars, more explicitly doctrinal teaching, and greater attention to the teaching of legal ethics, defined not simply as mastery of the canons, but as the understanding of the law as an instrument to promote the public interest. Judge Edwards views me as a particularly pernicious advocate of the developments he seeks to reverse. In talks given some years ago, I described the increasing influence upon legal scholarship and teaching of interdisciplinary research in the social sciences and humanistic studies philosophy and interpretation. I described the modern law school as itself coming to resemble a university, with a curriculum consisting of minigraduate courses in applied economics, social theory, and political science.2 To me, these developments implied, first, a