cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of injection rate of gaseous additives on the characteristics of liquid spray flames

An experimental study of the effects of diluent (nitrogen) injection into the near-nozzle region of a liquid (kerosene) spray flame produced from a twin-fluid atomizer is presented. The primary variable in this study is the diluent injection rate. Measurements include visible flame length, radiative fraction of heat release, axial temperature profiles, radial profiles of temperature and concentrations of carbon monoxide, oxygen, nitric oxide and soot in the far-nozzle region. Results indicate that (i) the visible flame length and radiative fraction of heat release decrease, flame temperature level increases, nitric oxide concentration increases and soot/carbon monoxide emissions decrease when diluent is injected at a rate approximately equal to the atomizing air flow rate and (ii) a further increase in rate of diluent injection does not result in proportionate amounts of changes.
Chlamydomonas sajao nov. sp. (Chlorophyta, Volvocales)

A new species ofChlamydomonas, namely,C. sajao nov. sp. of the Volvocales, Chlorophyta was isolated from a duckweed growing near a ricefield in the vicinity of Guangzhou, China. This interesting unicellular green alga, similar toC. mexicana from Mexico, secretes quantities of extracellular mucilaginous polysaccharides, and may be employed in improving soil quality. The new species resemblesC. waldenburgensis Moewus in most characteristics but differs in three important features.
Banking Structure and the National Capital Market, 1869–1914: A Reply

In Gene Smiley's comment on our study of nineteenth-century American financial markets several issues are discussed. ' We group them into three areas. First, he argues that Davis's net rates of return on earning assets are not satisfactory estimates of the return on investment in loans. Second, he argues that our theoretical model of bank behavior is too simplistic to justify our empirical specifications and our conclusion that the New York Stock Exchange had an important impact on financial integration. Third, he argues that the relationship between the yield on securities of the New York Stock Exchange and the regional quantity of loans, which we estimated as a loan-demand relationship, could be explained in terms of the loan-supply behavior of regional banks. However, it is our contention that none of Professor Smiley's suggestions is warranted and that the results of our analysis remain valid. It should be emphasized that Professor Smiley had access to the longer, original version of our article which contained a more extensive treatment of the theoretical model, numerous references to the relevant literature, and an extensive amount of empirical results that were reviewed but not reported in the condensed published version.2 Smiley argues that Davis's net rates of return on earning assets are not satisfactory estimates of interest rates and that gross returns (although not available prior to 1888) are more useful.3 Although more refined data are always desirable, there are ample justifications for using net returns in our analysis of the integration of nineteenthcentury capital markets. In a well-integrated market expected rates of return (adjusted for risk) are equated by movements in the flow of capital. But this is distinct from the notion that stated rates of interest are equated for two reasons. First, investors recognize that a promised (stated) rate is not necessarily the rate actually realized given business and financial risk.4 Thus, the expected yield will be less than the promised yield on all but risk-free debt. In other words, if all ex ante rates were realized ex post, then all securities would be risk free. Clearly, riskier loans require higher promised returns to compensate bankers for the higher probability of default. Second, operating costs (monitoring costs and collection costs, for example) must be absorbed by bankers in their lending operations. If operating costs were not important factors, bankers would have shifted their entire portfolios into consumer loans and
Testing Fournier's Method for Finding Water Table from Self-Potential

Fournier's approximate method for relating self-potential anomalies to water-table elevation is satisfactory for five of the six sites where it has been tested in New Hampshire. At these sites water-table elevations were determined independently from observation of surface-water bodies and by seismic refraction at the times of the self-potential surveys. At three sites on drumlins formed of glacial till, the apparent coupling coefficients range from 0.95 to 4 mV/m whereas two surveys on sand and gravel deltas yield apparent coupling coefficients of −16 and −17 mV/m. At a third delta the apparent coupling coefficient suggests that the water table is in an underlying till rather than in the deltaic deposits. Modeling of self-potential anomalies using Fournier's method may permit isolation of anomalies caused by sources other than ground-water flow as well as location of significant geological inhomogeneities. Because of nonuniqueness it is not possible to determine water-table elevations from self-potential surveys alone.
Joint PHY/MAC based link adaptation for wireless LANs with multipath fading

Wireless local area networks offer a range of transmitted data rates that are to be selected according to estimated channel conditions. However, due to packet overheads and contention times introduced by the CSMA/CA multiple access protocol, effective throughput is much less than the nominal data rates. Most multimedia applications use small payload sizes in order to ensure reliable, low latency transmission. This results in a further loss in effective throughput thereby reducing network capacity drastically. Thus, a cross-layer based design approach along with link adaptation is required to improve the network performance under different channel conditions. We investigate the effect of payload size variations on single-user throughput for both non-fading and multipath fading environments. We explore the difference in link adaptation thresholds for different payload sizes with varying channel characteristics. A link adaptation scheme to maximize the throughput with a packet error constraint is presented
Adhesives in larynx repair

Guinea pig laryngeal fractures were used as a model to compare the ease of application and effectiveness of the fibrinogen-adhesive system with the case of application and effectiveness of cyanoacrylate glue and control fractures stinted with contralateral gelatin film. Seven fibrin adhesive-treated and two cyanoacrylate glue-treated guinea pigs were perfused after 60 and 35 days, respectively. The larynges were serial sectioned, and the wound sites were compared. The fibrinogen adhesive system was easier to dispense than cyanoacrylate glue, did not require a completely dry surface, and stabilized within 3 minutes. Cartilage segment alignment with focal, complete fracture healing and symmetrical chondrocyte proliferation were seen in fibrogen adhesive-stinted larynges. In the cyanoacrylate glue-treated larynges, there was no alignment and minimal, asymmetrical chondrocyte proliferation. Gelatin film-stinted controls exhibited similar features. Thus, fibrogen adhesive was easier to apply and more effectively bound laryngeal fractures than cyanoacrylate glue or gelatin film.
Topological representations of electromagnetic wave propagation

Calculation of network functions associated with configurations of lumped elements, particularly when making use of digital computers, has been facilitated greatly by the development of topological methods of analysis. Problems in electromagnetic wave propagation may be solved similarly by use of suitable topological representations. In this paper basic topological representations are developed for a plane wave in free space, reflections from conducting surfaces, behavior at dielectric boundary discontinuities, transmission through wave guides, and transmission through circulators. The several representations developed serve as basic models for specific cases, and, in addition, illustrate a method whereby additional representations may be derived.
Integrating learning, problem solving, and engagement in narrative-centered learning environments

A key promise of narrative-centered learning environments is the ability to make learning engaging. However, there is concern that learning and engagement may be at odds in these game-based learning environments. This view suggests that, on the one hand, students interacting with a game-based learning environment may be engaged but unlikely to learn, while on the other hand, traditional learning technologies may promote deep learning but provide limited engagement. This paper presents findings from a study with human participants that challenges the view that engagement and learning need be opposed. A study was conducted with 153 middle school students interacting with a narrative-centered learning environment. Rather than finding an oppositional relationship between learning and engagement, the study found a strong positive relationship between learning outcomes, in-game problem solving and increased engagement. Furthermore, the relationship between learning outcomes and engagement held even when controlling for students' background knowledge and game-playing experience. Additional analyses revealed that males tended to report significantly greater presence in the virtual environment than girls, and students with more game-playing experience reported significantly greater presence in the virtual environment than students with minimal game-playing experience. Follow up analyses suggested that differences in presence may be more strongly associated with game-playing experience than gender.
Career Self-Efficacy and Personality: Linking Career Confidence and the Healthy Personality.

This article extends recent work on the relationship between personality and career self-efficacy by examining relationships across two new inventories with scales for identifying human strengths. The Healthy Personality Inventory (HPI) has 17 content scales tapping an array of positive personality measures. The CAPA Confidence Inventory (CCI) has 6 broad, 27 basic, and 6 engagement styles measures of career self-efficacy. In a sample of college students, hypothesized correlations between personality and self-efficacy were generally confirmed. A number of unexpected relationships also were found, such as the HPI Creative scale predicting social and enterprising confidence. These inventories show promise for continued research, theory development, and assessment practice.
Safety- and QoS-aware management of heterogeneous sensor networks

Recently, we have proposed ANSWER: AutoNomouS Wireless sEnsor netwoRk as a service platform whose mission is to provide dependable information services to in-situ mobile users while satisfying their quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Alongside with the stationary tiny sensors, the network employs more powerful mobile devices referred to as aggregation and forwarding nodes (AFNs). ANSWER exploits AFN mobility to support QoS requirements. However, as an AFN moves closer to an event (e.g., a hazardous spill), it may be at risk (e.g., due to potential damage). In this paper, we present a quantitative analysis of the interplay and balance between QoS support and asset safety. We propose a new scheme, called SAFER (for SAFEty-aware Relocation), which pursues relocation of the AFN in order to boost network performance without unnecessarily compromising AFN safety. SAFER uses historical data on detected events and employs an evolutionary neural network to assess the risk involved and predict good quality new position(s).
Midterm outcomes of subintimal angioplasty supported by primary proximal stenting for chronic total occlusion of the superficial femoral artery.

PURPOSE To investigate the midterm outcomes of subintimal angioplasty in occluded superficial femoral arteries (SFA) and evaluate the clinical and procedural factors affecting these results. METHODS Between April 2004 and April 2012, 150 patients (122 men; mean age 69±10 years) with chronic total occlusions in the SFA underwent subintimal angioplasty with primary stenting in 172 limbs. The average lesion length was 22.6±8.5 cm. Stents were routinely implanted at the proximal entry into the subintimal channel. The primary endpoint was binary restenosis. RESULTS Technical success was achieved in 161 (94%) limbs; there were no procedure-related deaths or complications requiring surgery, but distal embolization and arterial perforation occurred in 2 and 4 limbs, respectively. The cumulative freedom from binary restenosis rates at 1 and 3 years were 77% and 59%, respectively, in the entire study group. The 96 patients without critical limb ischemia (CLI) had significantly higher patency rates at 1 and 3 years (84% and 66%, respectively) than the 54 patients with CLI (66% and 43%, respectively; p=0.011). Based on multivariate analysis, a larger number of stents, lower post-procedure ankle-brachial index, and lower body mass index were each independent predictors of binary restenosis. CONCLUSION Subintimal angioplasty with routine stenting at the proximal stump is safe and effective for the treatment of chronic total SFA occlusions.
Major donors, major motives: The people and purposes behind major gifts

The motives of donors of large gifts are both simple and complex. What motivates the wealthy is very much what motivates someone at any point along the economic spectrum, but complexities of ability, spirituality, and association come into play in the making of major gifts.
Modified Robicsek procedure for pectus excavatum in adult patients.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to clarify the short-term and mid-term outcomes of the modified Robicsek procedure using polypropylene mesh for adult pectus excavatum patients. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed. Between 2001 and 2012, 46 consecutive adult patients underwent modified Ravitch repair using polypropylene mesh for pectus excavatum at our institution. There were 30 males and 16 females, with a median age of 25.5 (range: from 17 to 60). Potential risk factors for perioperative complications and early failure in pectus repair were analysed with χ 2 test or Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney test. Potential risk factors for postoperative mid-term recurrence were analysed using Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS: The postoperative follow-up interval was 7.0 ± 15.1 months (mean ± standard deviation). No mortality and 11 patients (24.0%) of morbidity, including 2 patients with temporary mesh infection, were noted. A lower preoperative %FEV1.0 predicted was a significant factor (P= 0.0088) of morbidity in multivariate analysis. Regarding chest morphology, early failure in 1 patient (2.2%) and mid-term recurrence in 1 patient (2.2%) were seen. Previous pectus repair (P= 0.0324) and severe asymmetry (P= 0.04) were significant factors of early failure in multivariate analysis, while no significant factor for mid-term recurrence was found. CONCLUSIONS: Modified Robicsek procedure with a polypropylene mesh is associated with low incidences of early failure and mid-term recurrence. The procedure is recommended for adult pectus excavatum patients, including those with asymmetric or combined deformity as an initial or reoperative procedure.
Fuzzy Prediction in Regression

From the previous chapter we have our fuzzy regression equation $$\overline y \left( {\mathop x\nolimits_1 ,\mathop x\nolimits_2 } \right) = \overline a + \overline b \mathop x\nolimits_1 + \overline c \mathop x\nolimits_2 $$ (26.1) for \(\bar{y}\)(x 1, x 2), with ā, \(\bar{b}\) and \(\bar{c}\) fuzzy numbers and x 1, x 2 real numbers. \(\bar{y}\,=\,({{x}_{1}},{{x}_{2}})\) is our fuzzy number estimator for the mean of Y (E(Y)) given xi and x 2, and we show this dependence on x 1 and x 2 with the notation \(\bar{y}\,=\,({{x}_{1}},{{x}_{2}})\). We may choose new values for x 1 and x 2 to predict new fuzzy values for E(Y).
Risk-averse control of linear stochastic systems with low sensitivity: A state-feedback paradigm

The problem of controlling stochastic linear systems with quadratic criterion which includes sensitivity variables is investigated. It is proved that the optimal full state-feedback control law with risk aversion can be realized by the cascade of mathematical statistics of performance uncertainty and a linear feedback. A set of nonlinear matrix equations are obtained, which constitutes the necessary and sufficient conditions that must be satisfied for an optimal solution.
Evidence that the human placental 5-monodeiodinase is a phospholipid-requiring enzyme.

Gel filtration (GFI) of the solubilized human placental microsomes (SHPMP) performed in an Ultrogel AcA-34 column in the presence of 1 mM 3-(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio-1-propane sulfonate (CHAPS) plus 10 mM n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (beta-OG) demonstrated two main protein peaks. The 5-Monodeiodinase (5-MD) activity measured by the conversion of [125I]T3 to [125I]3,3'-diiodothyronine in a 2- to 18-h incubation at 37 C in the presence of 10 mM dithiothreitol was detected only in the first peak, and the specific activity was increased about 9 times over that of the starting SHPM. The fractions containing most of the 5-MD activity were filtered through a second Ultrogel AcA34 column (GFII) in the presence of 2 mM CHAPS plus 20 mM beta-OG. In these conditions, 5-MD activity was detected in low amounts only in the second peak. Cation exchange chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose-Sephadex with a starting buffer of pH 5 containing 2 mM CHAPS plus 20 mM beta-OG, followed by a pH 8 buffer, showed a ...
Critique of the Janis and Feshbach Study

(1967). Critique of the Janis and Feshbach Study. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 71-80.
PHELLINUS WEIRII AND OTHER NATIVE ROOT PATHOGENS AS DETERMINANTS OF FOREST STRUCTURE AND PROCESS IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA.

▪ Abstract The population structure and ecological roles of the indigenous pathogen Phellinus weirii, cause of laminated root rot in conifer forests of western North America, are examined. This pathogen kills trees in slowly expanding mortality centers, creating gaps in the forest canopy. It is widespread, locally abundant, and very long-lived. It is among the most important disturbance agents in the long intervals between stand-replacing events such as wildfire or harvest in these ecosystems and shapes the structure and composition of both wild and managed forests. Trees are infected and killed regardless of individual vigor. Management of public lands is changing dramatically, with renewed emphasis on natural forest structures and processes but pathogens, especially root rot fungi, remain a significant challenge to “ecosystem management.”
Rapid development of multiple nuclear loci for phylogenetic analysis using genomic resources : An example from squamate reptiles

Abstract Recently, as genome-scale data have become available for more organisms, the development of phylogenetic markers from nuclear protein-coding loci (NPCL) has become more tractable. However, new methods are needed to efficiently sort the large number of genes from genomic databases into more limited sets appropriate for particular phylogenetic questions, while avoiding introns and paralogs. Here we describe a general methodology for identifying candidate single-copy NPCL from genomic databases. Our method uses information from reference genomes to identify genes with relatively large continuous protein-coding regions (i.e., ⩾700 bp). BLAST comparisons are used to help avoid genes with paralogous copies or close relatives (i.e., gene families) that might confound phylogenetic analyses. Exon boundary information is used to identify appropriately spaced potential priming sites. Using this method, we have developed over 25 novel NPCL, which span a variety of desirable evolutionary rates for phylogenetic analyses. Although targeted for higher-level phylogenetics of squamate reptiles, many of these loci appear to be useful across and within other vertebrate clades (e.g., amphibians), and some are relatively rapidly evolving and may be useful for closely-related species (e.g., within genera). This general method can be used whenever large-scale genomic data are available for an appropriate reference species (not necessarily within the focal clade). The method is also well suited for the development of intron regions for lower-level phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. We provide an online database of alignments and suggested primers for approximately 85 NPCL that should be useful across vertebrates.
Resident identification using kinect depth image data and fuzzy clustering techniques

As a part of our passive fall risk assessment research in home environments, we present a method to identify older residents using features extracted from their gait information from a single depth camera. Depth images have been collected continuously for about eight months from several apartments at a senior housing facility. Shape descriptors such as bounding box information and image moments were extracted from silhouettes of the depth images. The features were then clustered using Possibilistic C Means for resident identification. This technology will allow researchers and health professionals to gather more information on the individual residents by filtering out data belonging to non-residents. Gait related information belonging exclusively to the older residents can then be gathered. The data can potentially help detect changes in gait patterns which can be used to analyze fall risk for elderly residents by passively observing them in their home environments.
Effect of Processing Variables on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Microporous Carbon Materials

Microporous carbon materials with different pore and strut sizes have been fabricated by the pyrolysis of furfuryl alcohol resin, triethylene glycol, and p-toluene sulfonic acid mixtures. The resulting materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and density measurements. The room temperature flexural strength and modulus of these materials decreases with increasing amount of acid curing agent.
Changing Images of Deviance: Nineteenth-Century Canadian Anti-Prostitution Movements

This article traces changing images of the prostitute in nineteenth-century Canada to show that the “prostitute” was always imaged as the rhetorical antithesis of the Ideal Woman. When the latter was constructed as “saint,” the prostitute was a “fallen angel.” Images of Ideal Woman as saint or coequal led to reconstruction of her antithesis as victim. Later redefinition of Ideal Woman as “protected wife” led to reframing of the prostitute as “white slave.” Final reconstruction as “nurturing mother” encouraged redefinition of the prostitute as a “physiological pathology.”
Capgras Syndrome Associated with Metrizamide Myelography

A case of Capgras' Syndrome secondary to an Organic Mental Disorder associated with metrizamide myelography is presented. The relationship of Capgras' symptom to reduplicative paramnesia and prosopagnosia is discussed.
OBSERVING AND THINKING ABOUT THE ATMOSPHERE

▪ Abstract FAUST: Ich fuhl's, vergebens hab' ich alle Schatze Des Menschengeists auf mich herbeigerafft, Und wenn ich mich am Ende niedersetze, Quilt innerlich doch keine neue Kraft; Ich bin nicht um ein Haar breit hoher, Bin dem Unendlichen nicht naher. Goethe's Faust, Part I, lines 1810–15.1 A dedication to research in the physical sciences together with the circumstances of World War II, led me into theoretical and observational studies of the global physical climate. For all practical purposes, I was on my own when working in Cambridge and London, England, and I went whereever my interests led me. I organized three atmospheric observatories (two in England). I have also worked at many astronomical observatories. As time progressed, I became increasingly involved in studies of atmospheric radiation as a controlling factor for the Earth's climate. I am often taken to be a specialist in atmospheric radiation, but I have never regarded it as more than an important element in climate studies. But radiativ...
Convective Modifications of a Geostrophic Eddy Field

Ocean convection often occurs in regions of mesoscale eddy activity, where convective mixing and geostrophic eddy dynamics interact. The authors examine the interactions between a group of geostrophic eddies and convective mixing induced by surface buoyancy loss through a series of numerical simulations using a nonhydrostatic Boussinesq model. The eddies are initially baroclinic, with a surface-intensified density anomaly and sheared flow, but they are stable to baroclinic instability because of their small size. In the absence of buoyancy loss, eddy mergers occur much as in previous studies of geostrophic turbulence. With the addition of surface buoyancy loss, the surface stratification is eroded by small-scale convection. The convective mixing is highly heterogeneous, being deeper in regions of weaker initial stratification and shallower in more strongly stratified regions. The deformation radius is reduced in mixing regions and the weakly stratified eddies become baroclinically unstable. The barotropic component of kinetic energy increases as convection proceeds, largely due to the conversion of the available potential energy of the eddies in the baroclinic instability process. The convective forcing therefore provides a means of increasing the barotropic component of the eddy kinetic energy, by enabling the baroclinic instability. The fluid is efficiently homogenized by the energetic eddy field, leading to a few isolated eddies separated by a well-mixed fluid. These simulations provide a possible explanation for energetic eddy fields observed during convective periods in the Labrador Sea.
Abstract 18986: Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Response and Statin Persistence among Patients with High Coronary Heart Disease Risk Initiating Treatment

The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol treatment guideline recommends monitoring percent reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among patients initiating statins as an indication of response and adherence. We examined LDL-C reduction and statin persistence among high risk patients initiating statins in a real-world setting. This retrospective cohort study included 1,066 Kaiser Permanente Georgia members with a history of coronary heart disease or risk equivalent(s) initiating statins in 2011. Percent change in LDL-C was defined using measurements before and 60-450 days after statin initiation. Statin persistence was defined by proportion of days covered and categorized as high (≥80%), intermediate (50-79%), and low (<50%). Overall, 58.4% of patients failed to achieve a ≥30% LDL-C reduction after statin initiation. The prevalence of high, intermediate and low statin persistence was 41.3%, 23.2%, and 35.6%, respectively. Of patients with high persist...
Neurocognitive outcomes after cardiac surgery

Purpose of reviewTo summarize recent studies of neurocognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery, as well as to outline efforts and approaches toward advancing the field.Recent findingsObservational studies have improved our understanding of the incidence and the trajectory of cognitive decline afte
A Habermasian Approach to Critical Reading

AbstractThis article explores the connection between critical reading and Jurgen Habermas’s theory of communicative action. It proposes that Habermas’s criteria used for evaluating validity claims in communicative action can be applied in reading texts critically. Analyses of different types of texts are presented to show how critical reading is done in a Habermasian way. This article ends with a discussion of the application of Habermas’s theory in addressing educational issues.
Morphological disparity in Ordovician-Devonian crinoids and the early saturation of morphological space

It has been argued that many clades originating in the early Paleozoic filled their design space rapidly while still at low taxonomic diversity. Standardization of morphology for analytical purposes facilitates testing of this claim. Here I document evolutionary patterns of morphological disparity in Ordovician-Devonian crinoids, using a set of 75 discrete characters covering the principal features of the crinoid stem, cup, tegmen, and arms. Disparity is measured as the average dissimilarity among species, the range of morphospace occupied, and the number of realized character-state combinations. Comparison with generic richness reveals that the full range of form was essentially attained by the early part of the Caradocian, long before the time of maximal taxonomic diversity. Despite subsequent taxonomic diversification, the variety of crinoid form did not expand appreciably; increased diversity was accommodated by the evolution of variations upon the spectrum of designs established earlier. The data discussed here do not definitively imply specific sources of constraint, but the effective stasis in disparity supports previous arguments that some morphological limits were reached early in crinoid history.
Epidemiological analysis for epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Quanzhou city during 1979 to 2008.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the incidence and epidemic trends of epidemic cerebrospina meningitis in Quanzhou city in 1979-2008 and to provide the scientific references for consolidating the achievements and improving the prevention and controlling work of epidemic cerebrospina meningitis.Methods The epidemic trends of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Quanzhou during 1979-2008 were analyzed.Results From 1979 to 2008,8 318 cases,including 245 deaths,were reported in Quanzhou city.The annual incidence was 4.71 /100 000 and the case fatality was 2.95%.Most of the cases occurred in winter and spring,which accounted for 84.44% from January to April.The incidence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas,the annual incidence was 6.01/100 000 in rural areas and 3.33 /100 000 in urban areas.The three age groups of the highest incidence were 0～years(28.24%),5～years(18.56%),and 15～years(13.40%).Most of the patients were students which accounted for 36.21%,the diaspora children which accounted for 33.06%,the farmers which accounted for 16.94%.The occurrence of Nm A was the main prevalence fungus,while cases of Nm B and Nm C were sporadic.Conclusion The morbidity and mortality of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis significantly decreased after vaccination of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in 1982.It showed an important implication of prevention and control of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis by paying attention to the vaccination of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and health education.
An analysis on the technical statistics of skills and tactics of Li-na and Serena Williams in 2010 Australian Open

With the video observation,mathematical statistics,this article compares the technical,tactical indicators' statistics of Li Na and Serena Williams in the Australian Open singles match in 2010,and analyses the tactics and characteristics of world best women's professional tennis players,in order to provide some suggestions for our women tennis's development.
440 t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler performance experiment and analysis of the results

The paper introduces the method of experiments on 440t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler performance in dalian taishan power plant.The experiments include measurement of the heat efficiency,air leakage test of air preheater,electric power test for the boiler's core auxiliary machines and so on.The items of the boiler performance experiment mainly are the selection of measurement devices,measurement method and the outcome analysis.Some problems are drawn by analyzing the outcome of the performance test,and solutions are proposed.
Vulvar metastasis of breast carcinoma. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Metastasis of breast carcinoma to the vulva is rare: only a few cases have been previously described. CASE: A 61-year-old woman with a history of recurrent breast carcinoma presented with a painless lump on the vulva. Excisional biopsy showed an infiltrating adenocarcinoma that was histologically similar to the primary breast tumor. CONCLUSION: This report is another of breast carcinoma metastatic to the vulva. The clinical features and histologic findings distinguish this lesion from a primary breast carcinoma occurring in ectopic breast tissue.
Effects of Intermittent Injections of LHRH on Secretory Patterns of LH and FSH and Ovarian Follicular Growth During Postpartum Anovulation in Suckled Beef Cows

Changes in numbers of ovarian follicles and coincident secretion of pituitary gonadotropins were characterized in suckled, anovulatory beef cows injected iv with 500 ng of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) every 2 h for 48 or 96 h, starting 21.4 +/- .4 d after parturition. Two hours after the last injection, all cows were ovariectomized. Compared with saline-injected controls, LHRH had no effect on baseline or overall concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) in serum (P greater than .10), but increased (P less than .05) frequency and decreased (P less than .05) amplitude of LH pulses. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone increased (P less than .05) baseline concentration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum and frequency of FSH pulses, but decreased (P less than .05) pulse amplitude. Overall concentrations of FSH increased 20% (P less than .10). Exogenous LHRH did not affect diameter of the two largest follicles or numbers of follicles 1.0 to 3.9 mm, 4.0 to 7.9 mm or greater than or equal to 8.0 mm in diameter. These data suggest that increasing the frequency of episodic LH and FSH pulses in postpartum cattle by intermittent administration of LHRH did not increase mean circulating levels of LH, or alter size and numbers of ovarian follicles within the 96-h period of injections. Thus, induction of ovulation in anovulatory cows treated with low-dose injections of LHRH cannot be explained on the basis of an increase in mean concentrations of LH or numbers of antral follicles within 96 h after initiation of injections.
Exhaustive Conformational Sampling of Complex Fused Ring Macrocycles Using Inverse Kinematics

Natural product and synthetic macrocycles are chemically and topologically diverse. An efficient, accurate, and general method for generating macrocycle conformations would enable structure-based design of macrocycle drugs or host–guest complexes. Computational sampling also provides insight into transiently populated states, complementing crystallographic and NMR data. Here, we report a new algorithm, BRIKARD, that addresses this challenge through computational algebraic geometry and inverse kinematics together with local energy minimization. BRIKARD is demonstrated on 67 diverse macrocycles with structural data, encompassing various ring topologies. We find this approach enumerates diverse structures with macrocyclic RMSD < 1.0 A to the experimental conformation for 85% of our data set in contrast to success rates of 67–75% with other approaches, while for the subset of 21 more challenging compounds in the data set, these rates are 57% and 10–29%, respectively. Because the algorithm can be efficiently r...
Finding and Reading Reports of Research: How Academic Librarians Can Help Students Be More Successful

Abstract This exploratory study used analytic induction to examine the content of seven prominent library research journals in terms of the characteristics evidenced in reports of research. It examines questions such as: How does one differentiate a research report from other types of scholarly writing? What are issues that impact success in effectively searching for and finding a report of research? Where might students encounter stumbling blocks in successfully reading and understanding a report of research? Implications from the findings of this study are generalized into recommendations for how academic librarians can apply their professional skill sets to aid students whether undergraduate, graduate, professional or doctoral to effectively find and successfully read reports of research.
Acute, Unilateral Breast Toxicity From Gemcitabine in the Setting of Thoracic Inlet Obstruction

CASE PRESENTATION A 63-year-old woman with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma presented with acute swellingandpainofher left breast.Oneyearbefore admission, she was diagnosed with a 6.0-cm tumor in the left upper lobe and had undergone radiation, chemotherapy, and resection of metastases to treat her disease. Most recently, she was switched to singleagent gemcitabine. She was also taking warfarin for a history of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. The patient tolerated her first two infusions of gemcitabine without complication. However, 4 hours after the third infusion, she experienced acute onset of left breast swelling and pain, prompting her to present to the emergency department. She was found to have a diffusely enlarged, tender left breast without masses, induration, or fluctuance. Laboratory studies were only remarkable for a C-reactive protein (CRP) that was elevated to 6.6 mg/dL (normal,, 0.9 mg/dL). The patient was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics for a presumed soft tissue infection, but her condition progressed over the next 2 days. Her left breast became twice the size of her right breast, with erythema, warmth, and severe tenderness to light palpation (Fig 1A). Dilated veins were prominent on her left anterior chest. There were no abnormalities of the ipsilateral antecubital fossa or forearm. Her CRP had increased to 19.7 mg/dL, yet she remainedafebrile,with anormalwhiteblood cell count and serum lactate level. The patient had received the first two gemcitabine infusions in her right arm, whereas the most recent infusion was administered through a peripheral intravenous catheter in her left arm. Furthermore, a recent chest computed tomography scan demonstrated the tumor in her left upper lobe invaded into the first and second ribs, with compression of the left subclavian and brachiocephalic veins. It was therefore suspected that her breast toxicity was a result of the gemcitabine infusion.Antibioticswere discontinued, and the patient was treated with oral prednisone 40mg per day for 5 days. The patient’s CRP decreased to 5.6 mg/dL after 3 days of treatment, and her erythema and tenderness resolved. The patient underwent placement of a port in her right upper chest and received subsequent gemcitabine infusions through the port without complication. Breast swelling decreased by 50% over 1 month, and stenting was considered to improve central venous return. Left arm venography demonstrated complete occlusion of the left subclavian vein with reversed flow through paired lateral thoracic veins into the left breast (Fig 1B). Stenting was deferred given the diminutive size (3 mm) of the axillary vein.
Abstract B04: NRF2 regulates serine biosynthesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Tumors have high energetic and anabolic needs for rapid growth and proliferation, and the serine biosynthetic pathway has recently been identified as an important source of metabolic intermediates for these processes. We recently demonstrated that a substantial fraction of NSCLC cell lines displayed significant serine/glycine biosynthetic activity due to KEAP1 and NRF2 mutations (DeNicola et al. Nature Genetics 2015). We demonstrated that NRF2 regulates glucose flux to serine by controlling transcription of serine biosynthetic genes through the transcription factor ATF4. Importantly, elevated expression of these genes conferred poor prognosis in human NSCLC. Thus, a substantial fraction of human NSCLC activates an NRF2-dependent transcriptional network that regulates serine and glycine metabolism and is linked to clinical aggressiveness. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) also demonstrates high NRF2 activity due to mutations in KRAS and high MAPK signaling (DeNicola et al. Nature 2011). We demonstrate that serine biosynthesis enzyme expression is elevated in a mouse model of PDAC and that NRF2 regulates PHGDH expression in human PDAC cell lines. Furthermore, PDAC cell lines are resistant to serine starvation. PHGDH knockdown impairs the growth of tumor organoid orthotopic transplants, and the role of PHGDH in tumor maintenance is currently being investigated. These results suggest that the serine biosynthesis pathway is regulated by NRF2 in multiple cancers and may be an important therapeutic target. Citation Format: Gina M. DeNicola, Pei-Hsuan Chen, Edouard Mullarky, Christine Chio, John M. Asara, John D. Minna, David A. Tuveson, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Lewis C. Cantley.{Authors}. NRF2 regulates serine biosynthesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr B04.
Genomic decision support needs in pediatric primary care

Clinical genome and exome sequencing can diagnose pediatric patients with complex conditions that often require follow-up care with multiple specialties. The American Academy of Pediatrics emphasizes the role of the medical home and the primary care pediatrician in coordinating care for patients who need multidisciplinary support. In addition, the electronic health record (EHR) with embedded clinical decision support is recognized as an important component in providing care in this setting. We interviewed 6 clinicians to assess their experience caring for patients with complex and rare genetic findings and hear their opinions about how the EHR currently supports this role. Using these results, we designed a candidate EHR clinical decision support application mock-up and conducted formative exploratory user testing with 26 pediatric primary care providers to capture opinions on its utility in practice with respect to a specific clinical scenario. Our results indicate agreement that the functionality represented by the mock-up would effectively assist with care and warrants further development.
Hydrogen isotope and molecular alteration of n-alkanes during heating in open and closed systems

Abstract We conducted a series of heating experiments using pure n -alkane mixtures and natural soil organic extracts to evaluate isotopic and molecular changes during cracking and exchange associated with thermal alteration. Experiments included controlled heating of pure n- alkane mixtures (C 7 –C 40 ) and a total lipid extract from a modern wetland sediment under both ambient air and anhydrous, closed-system conditions. In an argon-purged, closed-system (at temperatures of 60–300 °C), the distribution of pure n- alkane mixtures predictably shifted towards a higher proportion of shorter chain lengths ( 20 ), with no odd-over-even preference. During the heating process, the δ 2 H values of long-chain n -alkanes (> C 20 ) became 2 H-enriched by up to 12‰, while the δ 2 H of short chain n -alkanes were 2 H-depleted by up to 28‰. When repeating these experiments with the total lipid extract from soils, we observed 2 H-enrichment of individual n -alkanes and mean-weighted δ 2 H n C27–31 of soil n- alkanes under both ambient air (up to 15‰ at 300 °C over 72 h) and Ar-purged, anhydrous, closed-system (up to 10‰ at 300 °C over 720 h) conditions. Carbon preference indices (CPI) decreased during the thermal alteration process in tandem with isotopic changes. The average chain length (ACL) of the n -alkanes decreased by more than 1 unit during heating, even at temperatures as low as 60 °C, when in the ambient air. This highlights the potential for differences in sediment lithology and gas permeability on an outcrop scale to alter primary organic signatures during thermal alteration. In the presence or absence of oxygen, the hydrogen isotopic composition of pure n- alkane mixtures and natural extracts change from the original composition, though for most compounds this was less than 10–15‰ at temperatures below 150 °C. The magnitude of change is greatest for shorter chain n -alkanes and at temperatures above 150 °C. We conclude that degradation and/or production during heating, such as may be expected during sediment burial or contact heating, could drive shifts in the measured hydrogen isotope composition of sedimentary leaf wax biomarkers. This is especially rapid at temperatures in excess of 200 °C, but the magnitude of isotopic change is generally in the range 10–15‰ before the loss of compounds reaches levels that are below analytical relevance for isotope work. Collectively, our results highlight the need for careful consideration of the depositional environment (particularly for information pertaining to oxygen availability) when interpreting molecular and/or isotopic information from sedimentary alkanes. In addition, they also demonstrate the general fidelity of hydrogen isotopes of n -alkanes under shallow burial temperatures with only modest isotopic enrichment prior to complete loss of long carbon chain compounds.
Layer-by-Layer Molecular Assemblies for Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition

In a dye sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC), the relative orientation of the catalyst and chromophore plays an important role in determining the device efficiency. Here we introduce a new, robust atomic layer deposition (ALD) procedure for the preparation of molecular chromophore–catalyst assemblies on wide bandgap semiconductors. In this procedure, solution deposited, phosphonate derivatized metal complexes on metal oxide surfaces are treated with reactive metal reagents in the gas phase by ALD to form an outer metal ion bridging group, which can bind a second phosphonate containing species from solution to establish a R1-PO2-O-M-O-PO2-R2 type surface assembly. With the ALD procedure, assemblies bridged by Al(III), Sn(IV), Ti(IV), or Zr(IV) metal oxide units have been prepared. To evaluate the performance of this new type of surface assembly, intra-assembly electron transfer was investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy, and light-driven water splitting experiments under steady-state i...
Beneficial Effects of Slow Steaming in Bulk Freight Markets

O vapor lento foi recentemente adotado na pratica normal por muitas companhias maritimas para a economia de combustivel e monetaria que oferece. A pratica tambem oferece economias em emissoes de gases de efeito estufa (GEE). Com os regulamentos que entram em jogo, como o limite de enxofre de 2020, o vapor lento pode ser a opcao menos dispendiosa para algumas empresas maritimas ajustar suas operacoes. Enquanto alguns aceitaram a nova pratica, ainda existem empresas e embarcacoes que veem esse exercicio como uma perda de receita devido ao tempo extra que leva para entregar bens ao seu destino. Este artigo analisa como a classificacao dos navios por suas emissoes de GEE por milha nautica pode ser diretamente relacionada a fatores como idade, tonelagem de peso morto e carga. Nos propomos que os navios com classificacoes ruins (E, F, G) encontrem regulamentos obrigatorios para diminuir o vapor ou melhorar sua producao de CO2 de alguma forma. Aqueles com classificacoes superiores (A, B, C, D) se beneficiariam de pacotes de incentivos ligados a sua implementacao de vapor lento ou outras praticas. Tambem examinara como a reducao das emissoes pode beneficiar as empresas maritimas de forma economica e ambiental. Finalmente, este artigo analisa possiveis reacoes em cadeia que podem ocorrer se essas praticas de transporte ecologico forem observadas.