cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4126: Synergism of polyamine synthesis inhibition and AMP kinase activation on human melanoma proliferation and migration

Introduction: Metformin has been shown to inhibit human cancer cell growth via activation of MAP kinase with resultant inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway. We have reported the over-expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in human melanoma cell lines. ODC is a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. We determined the effect of metformin in combination with DMFO, an ODC inhibitor, on tumor proliferation and migration, and the possible mechanisms, using human melanoma cells. Methods: Human melanoma cells were treated with Metformin, DFMO, or combination. Cell proliferation assay was performed using Cell Titer Blue proliferation assay. Cell migration assay was performed by seeding melanoma cells in 24-well plate. After overnight incubation, an artificial homogenous wound was created onto the monolayer with a plastic micropipette tip. After wounding, the migration of cells into the wound was observed at 0- and 48-hour time points. Quantitative RT-PCR for ODC1 detection was performed using Assay-on-Demand Hs00159739-ml. GAPDH served as housekeeping control. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of AMP kinase, mTOR, p70S6K and 4E-BP1, Raf-1 and Raf-B. Data were presented as means ± SD for the three separate experiments. For comparison between groups, the student9s t test was used and p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4126. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4126
Granulocytopoiesis in germfree mice.

SummaryA comparison of the total number of neutrophils and neutrophil precursors within the humerus of germfree and conventional mice revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The distribution of marrow neutrophils with respect to morphologic type and the number of neutrophils in mitosis were similar in the two groups. There was, however, a slight, but significantly, lower concentration of blood neutrophils in germfree mice as compared to controls. Removal of mice from the germfree environment was associated with a rapid decrease in the number of mature and relatively mature neutrophils in the marrow and with a subsequent increase in potentially mitotic, immature neutrophils, following which the marrow returned to normal. Germfree mice responded to endotoxm administration with an increase in rate of release of neutrophils from the marrow, as do normal mice. It was concluded that in this model system the presence or absence of microorganisms in the environment could not be as...
Wunderlich syndrome: Cross-sectional imaging review

Wunderlich syndrome (WS) is a rare condition characterized by acute onset of spontaneous, nontraumatic renal hemorrhage into the subcapsular and perirenal spaces. Wunderlich syndrome is classically characterized by the Lenk's triad: acute flank pain, flank mass, and hypovolemic shock. However, the clinical manifestations can be varied and nonspecific. A wide spectrum of neoplastic and nonneoplastic renal pathologies may result in WS. Renal neoplasms are the most common cause for WS, with angiomyolipoma being the most common benign neoplasm, whereas renal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm. Other causative conditions of WS include vascular causes (vasculitis [polyarteritis nodosa being the most common cause], renal artery aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations and fistulas, and venous thrombosis), cystic renal diseases, renal infections, calculus disease, nephritis, and coagulation disorders. Cross-sectional imaging findings help in the detection of the subcapsular and/or perinephric hemorrhage and may identify underlying etiology. Renal angiography not only helps in diagnosis of the underlying cause in select cases but also allows control of active bleeding, which can avoid unnecessary emergent radical surgery.
Recent Procedures in the Evaluation of Programs in English

An effective curriculum is defined by the fruit it bears." (26:4) Not what is on paper but what actually becomes a part of the life purpose and experience of the pupils exposed to it is the real curriculum of the school. This, in general, is the point of view of at least four major studies which have been made in this country in the last five years. They have their roots in "a wholesome questioning as to which educational experiences are of dem onstrable worth to young people." (4:15) They have had the assistance of some of the ablest research workers and philosophers in American education. They have produced extensive reports of their aims, their procedures, and their findings. Their influence is already being felt throughout the schools of America.
Study on intervention effect of health education on rodent control in community

Objective To perform various forms of intervention,investigate the effective model and method of health education for rodent control in community,and evaluate the intervention effect,and to provide a basis for proper education measures for rodent control in community.Methods One or two communities were selected from each of 4 subdistricts in Jiang'an district and Jiang'han district of Wuhan,China by stratified cluster sampling;7 communities were selected,and the residents in the 7 communities were divided into experimental group and control group.The individuals above 18 years of age were selected from each group to undergo knowledge attitude practice questionnaire survey.Various health intervention measures were performed on the experimental group.The intervention effect was evaluated by comparison.Results In the experimental group,the proportion of residents with the knowledge of rodent control and related information increased after intervention(P 0.05),and the changes were significant in terms of most items in the questionnaire(P 0.05).The density of rodents,as measured by night trapping method,were 4.5% before intervention and 0.8% after intervention(P 0.01).Conclusion During rodent control in community,various health education activities,as well as management for public environment and active cooperation between people in community,can increase the knowledge of rodent control among residents and in turn improve the effect of rodent control.
Abstract 66: Unique Cardiac Fibroblast Expression Profiles in Pathological and Physiological Hypertrophy

The heart undergoes hypertrophic growth in response to both physiological and pathological stimuli. Pathological hypertrophy results from various humoral, mechanical, or ischemic insults, and often leads to cardiac fibrosis, diminished contractility, and heart failure. In contrast, physiological hypertrophy is an adaptive response to the excessive demands of exercise or pregnancy and does not lead to fibrosis. We hypothesized that cardiac fibroblasts, the main cellular source of extracellular matrix in the heart, exhibit distinct expression profiles in physiological or pathological remodeling that influence the divergent fibrotic response. To investigate these differences, we obtained the expression profile of cardiac fibroblasts isolated from mice subjected to swim training, pressure-overload induced cardiac remodeling, or myocardial infarction by RNA-sequencing. Although we observed cardiac growth in all conditions, pressure-overload induced hypertrophy and myocardial infarction induced the predicted fibrotic gene expression signature, which was absent in physiological hypertrophy. Utilizing these validated datasets, we identified novel genes and molecular pathways that are differentially expressed in physiological and pathological hypertrophic remodeling and will correlate transcriptional programs with altered gene profiles. Fibroblast gene expression profiles in pathological and physiological are expected to lead to diagnostic or prognostic markers of fibrotic remodeling as well as genes that may serve as novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse cardiac fibrosis.
Metrics and scales of comparison – links between design and manufacturing composites

Composites decisions are highly coupled between materials, configuration and processes. Faced with a global economy and increasing competitiveness, the issue of high cost, product and robustness and long lead times associated with product development are emerging in the forefront of challenges facing the composites industry. The successful development of a product is dependent of the efficiency of the early decisions made in order to satisfy not only the technical requirements but also those within the larger picture of consumer economics and customer satisfaction. The focus of this paper is emphasizing metrics of comparison aids in concept selection process, and the integration of disciplines of design, manufacturing, and economics in the composites product development process.
Challenges and Approaches in Planning Fuel Treatments across Fire-Excluded Forested Landscapes

Placing fuel reduction treatments across entire landscapes such that impacts associated with highintensity fire are lessened is a difficult goal to achieve, largely because of the immense area needing treatment. As such, fire scientists and managers have conceptually developed and are refining methodologies for strategic placement of fuel treatments that more efficiently limit the spread and severity of fire across forested landscapes. Although these methodologies undoubtedly improve managers' ability to plan and evaluate various landscape fuel treatment scenarios, there is still a considerable gap between modeling landscape fuel treatments and actually implementing these treatments "on the ground." In this article we explore this gap in light of decisions managers make with regards to the type, intensity, placement/pattern, and size of fuel treatments. Additionally, we highlight several critical constraints acting on managers when implementing fuel treatments across landscapes and offer some suggestions for dealing with these constraints.
Social rejection and alcohol use in daily life

Background Prior studies have found that social rejection is associated with increases in negative affect, distress, and hostility. Fewer studies, however, have examined the impact of social rejection on alcohol use, and no known studies have tested whether the impact of social rejection by close others differs from social rejection by acquaintances in its association with subsequent drinking. Methods Participants completed event-contingent reports of their social interactions and alcohol use for 14 consecutive days on smartphones. Multilevel negative binomial regression models tested whether experiencing more social rejection than usual was associated with increased drinking, and whether this association was stronger when participants were rejected by close others (e.g., friends, spouses, family members) versus strangers or acquaintances. Results Results showed a significant interaction between social rejection and relationship closeness. On days characterized by rejection by close others, the likelihood of drinking significantly increased. On days characterized by rejection by acquaintances, by contrast, there was no increase in the likelihood of drinking. There was no main effect of rejection on likelihood of drinking. Conclusions These results suggest that relationship type is a key factor in whether social rejection translates to potentially harmful behaviors, such as increased alcohol use. This finding is in contrast to many laboratory paradigms of rejection, which emphasize rejection and ostracism by strangers rather than known others. In the more naturalistic setting of measuring social interactions on smartphone in daily life, our findings suggest that only social rejection delivered by close others, and not strangers, led to subsequent drinking.
GABAB receptor allosteric modulators exhibit pathway-dependent and species-selective activity.

Positive modulation of the GABAB receptor (GABABR) represents a potentially useful therapeutic approach for the treatment of nicotine addiction. The positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABABR GS39783 and BHF177 enhance GABA-stimulated [35S]GTP γS-binding, and have shown efficacy in a rodent nicotine self-administration procedure reflecting aspects of nicotine dependence. Interestingly, the structural related analog, NVP998, had no effect on nicotine self-administration in rats despite demonstrating similar pharmacokinetic properties. Extensive in vitro characterization of GS39783, BHF177, and NVP998 activity on GABABR-regulated signaling events, including modulation of cAMP, intracellular calcium levels, and ERK activation, revealed that these structurally related molecules display distinct pathway-specific signaling activities that correlate with the dissimilarities observed in rodent models and may be predictive of in vivo efficacy. Furthermore, these GABABR allosteric modulators exhibit species-dependent activity. Collectively, these data will be useful in guiding the development of GABABR allosteric modulators that display optimal in vivo efficacy in a preclinical model of nicotine dependence, and will identify those that have the potential to lead to novel antismoking therapies.
REGIONAL METABOLIC RATE IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AS RELATED TO FUNCTION

A method has been developed to measure the rates of glucose utilization in the individual structural and functional components of the central nervous system. It can be applied to conscious as well as anesthitized animals. The method is based on the use of (14C) deoxyglucose as a tracer for glucose consumption. (14C)deoxyglucose-6-phosphate accumulates in the tissue in a mathematically definable relationship to the rate of the tissue's glucose utilization. The (14C)deoxyglucose-6-phosphate concentrations in the various tissues of the nervous system are measured by a quantitative autoradiographic technique. The autoradiographs themselves are pictorial representations of the relative rates of glucose consumption in these tissues. Application of this method to rats and monkeys in various states of altered function demonstrates a clear and close relationship between the local levels of functional activity and energy metabolism.
Protocol for Directed Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) to a Hepatic Lineage

Directed differentiation is a powerful cell culture technique where developmental pathways are applied to a pluripotent progenitor in order to generate specific terminally differentiated cell populations. Here, we describe a serum-free protocol using growth factors in defined concentrations to derive iPSC-hepatic cells starting from both feeder and feeder-free conditions. The generated iPSC-hepatic cells are developmentally similar to fetal stage hepatocytes, and when generated from patients with genetic mutations such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency recapitulate pathologic changes associated with clinical disease, such as protein misfolding, intracellular retention of misfolded proteins, and elevated levels of ER stress.
The effects of repeated low-level blast exposure on hearing in marines

Background: The study evaluates a group of Military Service Members specialized in blast explosive training called “Breachers” who are routinely exposed to multiple low-level blasts while teaching breaching at the U.S. Marine Corps in Quantico Virginia. The objective of this study was to determine if there are any acute or long-term auditory changes due to repeated low-level blast exposures used in training. The performance of the instructor group “Breachers” was compared to a control group, “Engineers”. Methods: A total of 11 Breachers and four engineers were evaluated in the study. The participants received comprehensive auditory tests, including pure-tone testing, speech-in-noise (SIN) measures, and central auditory behavioral and objective tests using early and late (P300) auditory evoked potentials over a period of 17 months. They also received shorter assessments immediately following the blast-exposure onsite at Quantico. Results: No acute or longitudinal effects were identified. However, there were some interesting baseline effects found in both groups. Contrary to the expected, the onsite hearing thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were slightly better at a few frequencies immediately after blast-exposure than measurements obtained with the same equipment weeks to months after each blast-exposure. Conclusions: To date, the current study is the most comprehensive study that evaluates the long-term effects of blast-exposure on hearing. Despite extensive testing to assess changes, the findings of this study suggest that the levels of current exposures used in this military training environment do not seem to have an obvious deleterious effect on hearing.
Electronic Cigarettes: Their Constituents and Potential Links to Asthma.

Vaping is gaining popularity in the USA, particularly among teens and young adults. While e-cigs are commonly represented as safer alternatives to tobacco cigarettes, little is known regarding the health effects of their short- or long-term use, especially in individuals with pre-existing respiratory diseases such as asthma. Flavored e-cig liquids (e-liquids) and e-cig aerosols contain airway irritants and toxicants that have been implicated in the pathogenesis and worsening of lung diseases. In this review, we will summarize existing data on potential health effects of components present in e-cig aerosols, such as propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, nicotine, and flavorings, and discuss their relevance in the context of asthma. Recent survey data indicate that adolescents with asthma had a higher prevalence of current e-cig use (12.4%) compared to their non-asthmatics peers (10.2%) and conveyed positive beliefs about tobacco products, especially e-cigs. Similarly, a study conducted among high school students from Ontario, Canada, indicated a greater likelihood of e-cig use in asthmatics as compared to their non-asthmatic peers. Availability of different flavorings is often cited as the main reason among youth/adolescents for trying e-cigs or switching from cigarettes to e-cigs. Occupational inhalation of some common food-safe flavoring agents is reported to cause occupational asthma and worsen asthmatic symptoms. Moreover, workplace inhalation exposures to the flavoring agent diacetyl have caused irreversible obstructive airway disease in healthy workers. Additionally, recent studies report that thermal decomposition of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG), the base constituents of e-liquids, produces reactive carbonyls, including acrolein, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde, which have known respiratory toxicities. Furthermore, recent nicotine studies in rodents reveal that prenatal nicotine exposures lead to epigenetic reprogramming in the offspring, abnormal lung development, and multigenerational transmission of asthmatic-like symptoms. Comparisons of the toxicity and health effects of e-cigs and conventional cigarettes often focus on toxicants known to be present in cigarette smoke (CS) (i.e., formaldehyde, nitrosamines, etc.), as well as smoking-associated clinical endpoints, such as cancer, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, this approach disregards potential toxicity of components unique to flavored e-cigs, such as PG, VG, and the many different flavoring chemicals, which likely induce respiratory effects not usually observed in cigarette smokers.
Using Distributed Simulation to Investigate Human-Autonomy Teaming

This paper describes the use of distributed simulation within and between organizations to investigate Human-Autonomy Teaming (HAT) with three simulations, showing a progression from integrating automation into a flight following ground station, increased HAT functionality for the ground station, and migration of the autonomy and HAT functionality into the flight deck. The multi-site distributed nature of the final simulation provided high efficiency by allowing researchers to work in their own labs for a long period of data collection. It also provided high fidelity by enabling access to a flight deck environment. Also, it managed costs by taking advantage of facilities and personnel in different locations over a multi-week simulation. Using these simulations, HAT factors were found to enhance ground station and flight deck environments. Conditions with HAT features were preferred by simulation participants to conditions without. Subjective and objective measures of workload were lower with HAT features. These results indicate that future investigations into aircraft support would benefit from the addition of HAT factors and the use of distributed simulation.
Mitochondrial RNase P Complex in Animals: Mitochondrial tRNA Processing and Links to Disease

Loss of mitochondrial function not only causes specific mitochondrial diseases but also contributes to serious conditions such as neurodegeneration and diabetes. Since mitochondrial DNA is transcribed as a polycistronic message comprised of three forms of RNA (rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA), proper 5′- and 3′-end cleavage is essential. In the nucleus, tRNA 5′-end processing is carried out by the first identified ribozyme, RNase P. In contrast, mitochondrial tRNAs are processed by a three-protein complex, mitochondrial RNase P, which does not have an RNA component. An accessory subcomplex made of the m1A9 methyltransferase MRPP1 and the dehydrogenase MRPP2 binds to the metallonuclease MRPP3 that cleaves the RNA phosphodiester backbone. Each protein has been shown to be essential in model organisms, and loss of each gives rise to human multisystemic diseases with many characteristics of mitochondrial disease. In this review, we discuss what is known about the mitochondrial RNase P complex, the molecular mechanism of 5′-end mitochondrial tRNA processing, and how loss of this activity causes human disease.
Social Marketing of Health Behavior

We are coming to recognize that there is a marketplace of ideas just as there is a marketplace of goods. Examples abound of organizations striving to motivate the public to adopt a new idea or practice. For example, the National Safety Council wants people to wear their safety belts when driving, and the American Cancer Society wants people to stop smoking. The American Medical Association wants people to take an annual physical checkup, the New York Police Department wants people to lock their car doors, and the National Organization for Women wants men to view women as equals.
Antisemitism and the left. On the return of the Jewish question

The issue of the relationship of the left to antisemitism is currently of particular importance in the United Kingdom. In that country, as many readers of this journal are likely to know, there is ...
Patients’ Preferences in Anticoagulant Therapy Discrete Choice Experiment

Background—With proliferating treatment options for anticoagulant therapy, physicians and patients must choose among them based on their benefits and risks. Using a Discrete Choice Experiment, we elicited patients’ relative preferences for specific benefits and risks of anticoagulant therapy. Methods and Results—We selected a sample of US patients with cardiovascular disease from an online panel and elicited their preferences for benefits and risks of anticoagulant therapy: nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, minor bleeding, major bleeding, bleeding death, and need for monitoring. These attributes were used to design scenarios describing hypothetical treatments that were labeled as new drug, old drug, or no drug. Latent class analysis was used to identify groups of patients with similar preferences. A total of 341 patients completed all Discrete Choice Experiment questions. On average, patients valued a 1% increased risk of a fatal bleeding event the same as a 2% increas...
“Madonna del Prignioniero Prega per Noi”: An Intimate Archaeology of a World War II Italian Prisoner-of-War Camp

Camp Monticello, located in southeast Arkansas, served as a prisoner-of-war camp for Italians from 1943 to 1946. The spatial arrangement of the camp, which consists of two officers’ compounds and three enlisted men’s compounds, was structured according to the central principles of surveillance, discipline, and control. The institution provided the inmates’ food, clothing, and possessions. From mess-hall menus to a chapel, archaeological research reveals intimate information about the men and the ways they worked together to maintain their cultural identities and regain some of their individuality.
Coalitions, framing, and the politics of energy transitions: Local democracy and community choice in California

Abstract A significant topic of research in the analysis of the politics of sustainability transitions is the role of coalitions. This study builds on previous research that utilizes discourse coalition and framing theories to develop a method for analyzing coalitions that integrates the analysis of three, inter-related changes: the challenger-incumbent relationship, the internal composition of both types of coalitions, and the choices of frames. The study focuses on community choice aggregation (CCA) in California, which is a decades-long industrial transition movement that has contributed to local, democratic control over electricity in the state. The analysis shows how both the CCA-coalition and the utility coalition underwent changes in composition over time and how the changes were connected with frame innovation, with counterframing, and with different types of policy conflicts. Thus, the study develops a general framework for an integrated analysis of coalitions and frames that emphasizes the connected changes of coalitions and frames over time. The analysis shows how the changing discourse of energy-transition politics is connected with coalition composition, ongoing experimentation with counterframing, and the evolving challenger-incumbent relationship. For the pro-CCA coalition, frames regarding pricing benefits recede and are replaced with frames involving energy democracy, good government, and job creation.
The Path Ahead

The purpose of this book was not for you to become an expert in user experience, or even in one of the specific disciplines within the wider sphere of user experience, but to increase your awareness of the people who use the things that you build, to understand the importance of the user experience, and how you can adapt the way you work to focus on your users.
A Snapshot of Civic Participation in a Small New England Town

Concern about the topic of civic engagement has centered on the increasing reduction of voter turnout and the apparent alienation and “disconnect” of the general population with the process of government. This study, undertaken at the request of the leaders of a small town in southern New Hampshire is a two-step research plan (one quantitative, one qualitative). Results of both the survey portion of the research and the focus groups reveal an electorate (both adult and youth) which is concerned and informed, but mildly alienated and which register mild levels of efficacy. Suggestions made to try and build unity and an overall spirit of cooperation not just on the adult level but for the youth population as well, include the use of study circles increasing town wide involvement and opening a dialog among those who most acutely feel this disconnect.
Flipped Classroom Teaching and Learning Pedagogy in the Program Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation Graduate Course: Students’ Experiences:

This article provides support to flipped classroom pedagogy in the preparation of graduate-level public health practitioners. We describe the participatory, interactive, collaborative, and liberati...
Implementation of Syringe Services Programs to Prevent Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission in Rural Counties in the United States: A Modeling Study.

Background Syringe services programs (SSPs) are effective venues for delivering harm-reduction services to people who inject drugs (PWID). However, SSPs often face significant barriers to implementation, particularly in the absence of known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreaks. Methods Using an agent-based model, we simulated HIV transmission in Scott County, Indiana, a rural county with a 1.7% prevalence of injection drug use. We compared outcomes arising in the absence of an SSP, in the presence of a pre-existing SSP, and with implementation of an SSP after the detection of an HIV outbreak among PWID over 5 years following the introduction of a single infection into the network. Results In the absence of an SSP, the model predicted an average of 176 infections among PWID over 5 years or an incidence rate of 12.1/100 person-years. Proactive implementation averted 154 infections and decreased incidence by 90.3%. With reactive implementation beginning operations 10 months after the first infection, an SSP would prevent 107 infections and decrease incidence by 60.8%. Reductions in incidence were also observed among people who did not inject drugs. Conclusions Based on model predictions, proactive implementation of an SSP in Scott County had the potential to avert more HIV infections than reactive implementation after the detection of an outbreak. The predicted impact of reactive SSP implementation was highly dependent on timely implementation after detecting the earliest infections. Consequently, there is a need for expanded proactive SSP implementation in the context of enhanced monitoring of outbreak vulnerability in Scott County and similar rural contexts.
Approaches for Utilizing Insect Protein for Human Consumption: Effect of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Protein Quality and Functionality

Humans have practiced entomophagy for thousands of years; yet until recently, interest from Western countries has emerged toward using insects as alternative proteins to feed the growing world population. Research shows that western cultures are in favor of consuming familiar foods formulated with insect protein. This has led to the productions of insect-derived flours, primarily from crickets and mealworms, which are now available in North American and European markets. Studies have shown limited functional properties of these insect flours. Food scientists have long used controlled enzymatic protein hydrolysis as means for improving the functionality of different animal and plant proteins. Consequently, the production of insect protein hydrolysates seems like a logical approach to improve the functionality and nutritional quality of insect flours. This article provides an overview of the application of controlled enzymatic hydrolysis to produce insect protein hydrolysates with improved protein functionality, as well as opportunities and challenges faced during their use in food and feed formulations.
The life and death of the germinal center

The formation, development and dissolution of germinal centers is a major part of immune system function. It is important to differentiate neoplastic processes from follicular hyperplasia and regressive follicular changes. Better understanding of germinal center development and dissolution also provides diagnostic clues to the underlying pathologic process. It is also important in identifying the immune basis of different pathologic entities as well as in immunotherapy decision making and follow up. In this study, we characterize the immunoarchitecture of lymphoid follicles with a focus on germinal center in one representative case, each of commonly encountered benign and malignant lymph node disorders, with morphologic and immunohistochemical alterations of germinal centers. The cases include reactive follicular hyperplasia (FH), florid follicular hyperplasia (FFH), follicular lymphoma (FL), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), hyaline-vascular Castleman disease (HVCD), progressive transformation of germinal centers, nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL), lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma (LR-CHL), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated follicular dissolution and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with proliferation centers (PC). A panel of antibodies were used namely CD3, CD20, CD10, BCL2, BCL6, CD21, CD23, CD35, FOXP1, GCET1, HGAL/GCET2, LMO2, MUM1, IgD, Ki67, PD1 and PD-L1. We found that these entities show distinct immunoarchitectural patterns of germinal center formation, development and regression, particularly, the distribution of mantle zone B-cells, follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and FDC meshworks, confirming the influence of antigenic stimulation and status of immune system in these changes. This also confirms the interrelationship of underlying immunologic mechanisms in these disease processes.
Drive-Based Motivation for Coordination of Limit Cycle Behaviors

Constructing autonomous systems capable of high-level behaviors often involves reducing these behaviors to a collection of low-level tasks. This requires developing a method for switching among possible tasks, for example using a hybrid automaton. Recent work has developed an alternative approach using continuous dynamical systems that have an internal drive state to select the desired task. In one particular result, authors considered a scenario where individual behaviors were encoded in control vector fields with unique, globally stable equilibria. A further level of complexity arises when one seeks to create a system that switches between tasks encoded as globally attracting sets with recurrent behaviors, rather than as point attractors. This work outlines the problem using the recently-developed drive-based dynamical framework. First we generalize the formulation of tasks as one part attracting set and one part recurrent behavior on said attracting set. Then as a proof-of-concept we demonstrate the existence of an attracting set consisting of orbits that repeatedly flow between two canonical limit cycles (e.g., Hopf oscillators).
Mental Health Issues in Veterans

This chapter focuses on the unique issues of military veterans and how these factors can impact their medical encounters. Military culture and specific medical conditions unique to veterans are described as are special considerations regarding the behavioral challenges to the doctor–patient relationship that can occur in the emergency setting.
Comparing the Effect of Lens Extraction With Endocycloplasty to Lens Extraction Alone in Eyes With Plateau Iris Configuration: Pilot Study

PRECIS Lens extraction with endocycloplasty (LE/ECPL) results in greater angle deepening than LE alone in plateau iris eyes. This study directly compares an LE/ECPL treatment group with a control group. PURPOSE Quantitatively determine the effect of LE/ECPL versus LE alone for eyes with plateau iris configuration/plateau iris syndrome (PIC/PIS) on angle parameters. METHODS Patients with PIC/PIS who underwent LE/ECPL or LE alone were reviewed. Eyes with ultrasound biomicroscopy-documented PIC that underwent anterior segment optical coherence tomography examination before and after treatment were included. Angle parameters, angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular-iris space area (TISA), and trabecular-iris circumference volume (TICV) were calculated. Angle parameters were compared between treatments using a 2-sample t test. P-values were adjusted by the false discovery rate method (P*). A paired t test was used to compare treated (nasal) and untreated (temporal) angles in LE/ECPL-treated eyes. RESULTS Twenty-three eyes of 14 participants were included. Ten eyes (43%) eyes of 7 participants were treated with LE/ECPL, and 13 eyes (57%) of 7 participants were treated with LE alone. Angles were deepened in both groups (P<0.001). Changes in AOD, TISA, and TICV showed that the magnitude of deepening in treated (nasal) quadrants was greater in LE/ECPL eyes than in LE alone eyes (P<0.05). ECPL-treated angles deepened more than the untreated angles by AOD, TISA, and TICV (P<0.002). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that LE/ECPL is more effective than LE alone in opening the anterior chamber angle and that ECPL deepens treated angles more than untreated angles. This study directly compares an LE/ECPL treatment group with a control group, LE alone, allowing for separation of the effect of ECPL from LE.
The Labour of Trash Films: Agnès Varda, Les Glaneurs et la Glaneuse; Mai Iskander, Garbage Dreams; and Lucy Walker, Waste-Land

The notion of trash films, trashy performances, has marked Western film heavily. The emphasis often falls on disrupting an established order, “troubling the waters,” through anti-bourgeois language...
Approaches to genetic tool development for rapid domestication of non-model microorganisms

Non-model microorganisms often possess complex phenotypes that could be important for the future of biofuel and chemical production. They have received significant interest the last several years, but advancement is still slow due to the lack of a robust genetic toolbox in most organisms. Typically, “domestication” of a new non-model microorganism has been done on an ad hoc basis, and historically, it can take years to develop transformation and basic genetic tools. Here, we review the barriers and solutions to rapid development of genetic transformation tools in new hosts, with a major focus on Restriction-Modification systems, which are a well-known and significant barrier to efficient transformation. We further explore the tools and approaches used for efficient gene deletion, DNA insertion, and heterologous gene expression. Finally, more advanced and high-throughput tools are now being developed in diverse non-model microbes, paving the way for rapid and multiplexed genome engineering for biotechnology.
Newborn twins with perineal grooves.

Twin girls born at term were noted to have hypertrophic and erythematous mucosal sulci extending from the posterior vaginal fourchette to the anterior ridge of the anus on their newborn exams. Preg...
Periodic Properties Illustrated by CH3NH3Pb(I1–xBrx)3 Solid Solution Perovskite Semiconductors

For solid solutions with the same arrangement of atoms, the size of a unit cell depends on the size of the atoms in the unit cell. The distance between nuclei also helps determine how strongly electrons are held, which changes the band gap energy. Samples of semiconductor CH3NH3Pb(I1–xBrx)3 solid solutions were prepared; the unit cell size was measured by powder X-ray diffraction, and the band gap energy was measured by visible absorption spectroscopy. This use of a material with significant research and technological implications for solar cells illustrates the periodic properties relationship between composition, atomic size, and electron energy levels.
The Reception of Mao's 'Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art' in English-language Scholarship

In his article "The Reception of Mao's 'Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art' in English-language Scholarship" Qilin Fu examines the three waves of the reception of Mao Zedong's 1942 text. Fu elaborates on the understandings of Mao's ideas about literature and art and discusses the changes depending on historical and political contexts. Fu argues that the changes are explicit or implicit representations of cultural politics ranging from an anti-communist criticism based on Cold War ideology to the concerns of literary theory and the cultural critique of discourse in the context of globalization. Qilin Fu, "The Reception of Mao's 'Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art'" in English-language Scholarship" Page 2 of 8 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 17.1 (2015): Thematic Issue The Study of Chinese Literature in the Anglophone World. Ed. Shunqing Cao
Phase transition for the threshold contact process, an approximation of heterogeneous random Boolean networks

We consider a model for heterogeneous gene regulatory networks that is a generalization of the model proposed by Chatterjee and Durrett (Random Struct Algorithms 39(2):228–246, 2011) as an “annealed approximation” of Kauffmann’s (J Theor Biol 22(3):437–467, 1969) random Boolean networks. In this model, genes are represented by the vertices of a random directed graph $$\mathscr {G}_n$$ on n vertices having specified in-degree distribution $$\mathbf {p}^{\text {in}}$$ (resp. joint distribution $$\mathbf {p}^{\text {in,out}}$$ of in-degree and out-degree), and the expression bias (the expected fraction of 1’s in the Boolean functions) p is same for all vertices. Following Chatterjee and Durrett (Random Struct Algorithms 39(2):228–246, 2011) and a standard practice in the physics literature, we use a discrete-time threshold contact process with parameter $$q=2p(1-p)$$ (in which vertices are either occupied or vacant, a vertex with at least one (resp. no) occupied input at time t will be occupied at time $$t+1$$ with probability q (resp. 0)) on $$\mathscr {G}_n$$ to approximate the dynamics of the Boolean network. We find a parameter r, which has an explicit expression in terms of certain moments of $$\mathbf {p}^{\text {in}}$$ (resp. $$\mathbf {p}^{\text {in,out}}$$ ), such that, with probability tending to 1 as n goes to infinity, if $$r\cdot 2p(1-p)>1$$ , then starting from all occupied sites the threshold contact process on $$\mathscr {G}_n$$ maintains a positive (quasi-stationary) density $$\pi (\mathbf {p}^{\text {in}})$$ (resp. $$\pi (\mathbf {p}^{\text {in,out}})$$ ) of occupied sites till time which is exponential in n, whereas if $$r \cdot 2p(1-p)<1$$ , then the persistence time of the threshold contact process on $$\mathscr {G}_n$$ is at most logarithmic in n. These two phases correspond to the chaotic and ordered behavior of the gene networks respectively.
Physical complaints of patients with sickle cell trait.

Prospective and retrospective experience with physical complaints of 112 oral contraceptive and 67 intrauterine device Black family planning patients with sickle cell trait was evaluated by comparing their cumulative complaint rates with a randomly selected control group of non-sickle cell trait family planning patients having the same method, age and parity distribution as the sickle cell trait patients. Physical complaints considered are: dysmenorrhea, mental depression, vaginal discharge, fatigue, headaches, and nausea-vomiting. No evidence of a significant difference at level .05 is found between cumulative complaint rates of sickle cell trait and control patients for either oral or intrauterine device users for any of the complaint types. Further clinical research may be desirable in this area for dysmenorrhea and mental depression.
Biologic mechanisms in aging: summary of conference proceedings.

This conference summary outlines the inventory of facts now known about the process of aging for interested scientist researchers, for persons who might be contemplating doing research in gerontology, and for teachers who wish to have available a source of current research and a discussion of possible new directions for adding to the science base of geriatric medicine. Phenomena of the aging process are considered from the following standpoints: mechanisms of aging and the human condition; dynamic aspects of senescence; pathology of DNA and the biology of aging; the influence of aging on protein synthesis; post-translational changes in cells and tissues; immunologic aspects of aging; and neural and endocrine mechanisms in aging. Also included is a short paper dealing with aging phenomena in plants.
Hortonian scaling and effect of cutoffs on statistics of self-affine river networks

[1] The planar structure of river networks exhibits fractal properties. In particular, available data indicate a tendency for drainage areas A to be distributed according to a power law; their boundaries and main channels to form self-affine curves; the characteristic lengths of drainage areas to be independently self-affine in the one-dimensional space Z of total channel length, rendering the network elongated (and anisotropic); the inverse network density A/Z to be either constant or self-affine in Z, depending on whether or not the network fills the two-dimensional space of A; and (as found in a recent study) areas of given size, vegetative cover, and mean steady state soil moisture, weighted by their flow distance from the basin outlet, to be self-affine in the one-dimensional space of this distance. Various theoretical and semiempirical relationships have been proposed among exponents defining some of these and other scale dependencies. Expressions have been proposed for ensemble moments of A and some length measures associated with finite size river basins. We present a new model that views any self-affine basin property, Y(X), as belonging to an infinite hierarchy of mutually uncorrelated, statistically homogeneous random functions defined on elementary subbasins, each of which is characterized by a unique integral (spatial correlation) scale λ. We cite a mathematically rigorous hydrologic rationale for our model and use it in conjunction with published scaling relations to obtain the probability density function of λ; to derive analytical expressions for ensemble analogs of Horton's scaling laws; to deduce from them that streams of any Horton-Strahler order ω are associated with integral scales λω ≤ λ ≤ λω+1, where the ratio λω+1/λω is a constant independent of ω; to develop analytical expressions relating statistical moments of Y(X) to arbitrary lower and upper cutoff scales that may (but need not) be taken to represent data support and maximum watershed size; to describe ways of estimating the corresponding parameters; and to provide a theoretical basis for the heretofore unexplained observation that self-affine amplitude fluctuations of basin boundaries and main channels (as measured by their variance), having a common Hurst exponent, are larger in the former than in the latter.
Extracting and mining protein-protein interaction network from biomedical literature

We present a biomedical literature data mining system SPIE-DM (Scalable and Portable Information Extraction and Data Mining) to extract and mine the protein-protein interaction network from biomedical literature such as MedLine. SPIE-DM consists of two phases: in phase 1, we develop a scalable and portable ie method (SPIE) to extract the protein-protein interaction from the biomedical literature. These extracted protein-protein interactions form a scale-free network graph. In phase 2, we apply a novel clustering method SFCluster to mine the protein-protein interaction network. The clusters in the network graph represent some potential protein complexes, which are very important for biologist to study the protein functionality. The clustering algorithm considers the characteristics of the scale-free network graphs and is based on the local density of the vertex and its neighborhood functions that can be used to find more meaningful clusters at different density levels. The experiments of SPIE-DM on around 1600 chromatin proteins indicate that our system is very promising for extracting and mining from biomedical literature databases.
From Survey to Service

Abstract Since Valdosta State became a Regional University, Odum Library has experienced an explosion in student use in new technologies. This rapid rate of change prompted the library to try to gain a clear sense of whether we were meeting students' needs. Thus, when the ALA asked libraries to administer a “customer satisfaction” survey during National Library Week, Odum Library participated to gain insight into customers' attitudes and needs concerning the library, as well as to learn how our services compared with those of other academic libraries nationwide. Survey responses were actively solicited, and the objective and comment sections of the survey separately analyzed. The students' comment data emerged as much more valuable than the more easily analyzed objective questions. Coding and separating each section of a comment that dealt with a different topic revealed valuable, specific data which gave insight into each area of customer service. Social science literature describing the various merits o...