cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Joint position sense monitoring using wireless sensor nodes

A novel wireless neuromuscular control monitoring system was developed to assess joint proprioception. Two wireless sensor nodes and one base station were used with three TI CC2420 2.4 GHz wireless transceivers following IEEE 802.15.4 standards. Accelerometer sensors with moving-average-filter were used to monitor shoulder joint position sense of the subjects. Two independent listener threads with different communication ports were created to guarantee data transmissions at a rate of one data point per 10 msec. The system can potentially be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment techniques in altering neurophysiologic influence on body segments thereby altering neuromuscular control.
Assessing the development of daily living skills in patients with spina bifida.

SUMMARY The development of independence in daily living skills of 256 patients with spina bifida was assessed by means of a new Functional Activities scoring system. The score was derived from nine categories of activity; five are to do with self-care, three with locomotion and one with social interaction. The reasons for the variation in achievement between individuals with the same degree of paralysis are discussed, as are the differences in learning curves for single activities. The scoring system enables a quantitative assessment to be made of the current status of an individual patient, and enables more realistic therapeutic goals to be set. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Unabhangigkeitsentwicklung in Dingen des taglichen Lebens bei Kindem mit Spina bifida Die Entwicklung der Selbstandigkeit im taglichen Leben wurde bei 256 Patienten mit Spina bifida durch ein neues Testsystem gepruft, das lebenswichtige Tatigkeiten berucksichtigt. Die Beurteilung basiert auf neun verschiedenen Tatigkeiten: funf beziehen sich auf die Selbstversorgung, drei auf die Motorik und eine auf das soziale Verhalten. Die Grunde werden diskutiert, warum Patienten mit den gleichen Lahmungen verschieden Testergebnisse erzielen und warum Unterschiede im Erlernen einzelner Tatigkeiten bestehen. Das Testsystem ermoglicht eine quantitative Einstufung des gegenwartigen Status eines einzelnen Patienten und eine realistischere therapeutische Zielsetzung. RESUMEN Valoracion del desarrollo de la independencia en las habilidades de la vida diaria en pacientes con espina bifida Se valoro el desarrollo de la independencia en las habilidades de la vida diaria en 256 pacientes con espina bifida, por medio del nuevo sistema de puntaje de Actividades Funcionales. El puntaje se derivo de nueve categorias- actividad; cinco tienen que ver con el cuidado propio, tres con la locomocion, y uno con la interaccion social. Se discuten las razones de las variaciones en la consecucion entre individuos con el mismo grado de paralisis, como son las diferencias en las curvas de aprendizaje para actividades simples. El sistema de puntaje puede ser utilizado para hacer una valoracion cuantitativa del estado actual de pacientes individuates y para facilitar el establecimiento de metas terapeuticas mas realistas.
Total replacement for post-traumatic arthritis of the elbow

Fifty-three of 55 consecutive elbow replacements for post-traumatic arthritis were followed for a minimum of two years (mean 6.3, range 2 to 14.4). The patients presented difficult management problems, having undergone an average of two previous operations per joint; 22 joints had suffered prior complications; 18 had less than 50 degrees of flexion and six were flail. One of three versions of the Coonrad prosthesis was employed in all. During the follow-up period, 10 patients underwent 14 revision procedures for aseptic loosening; 38 elbows are currently without progressive radiolucent lines. In two patients an elbow had to be resected, one for deep infection and the other for bone resorption following a foreign-body reaction to titanium. The current design of the Coonrad prosthesis offers a reliable option for the treatment of post-traumatic arthritis but should be used only in carefully selected patients over the age of 60 years.
Recursive, hyperspherical behavioral learning for robotic control

Robots, undoubtedly, are governed by a set of behavioral policies. However, embedding these policies becomes problematic and complex due to the nondeterministic properties of the task and environment. Learning from demonstration, or LFD, alleviates this vexatious conundrum and expedites the mapping process, for the robot implicitly learns the desired objective. This paper presents a novel method for facilitating behavior learning in robots. The algorithm employed, called Recursive, Hyperspherical Behavioral Learning, or RHBL, actively translates the teacher's reactions to various stimuli into a behavioral tree, which defines the robot's current domain knowledge. Once the tree is formulated, the anthropomorphic robot demonstrates proficiency in the observed, complex task, for the tree elicits responses from various stimuli, defining the robot's autonomous behavior. Details of the algorithm and the results of its application are presented in the paper.
The frequency and prognostic significance of electrocardiographic abnormalities in clinically normal individuals

A GREAT deal is now known about the frequency and prognosis of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in patients with clinically overt heart disease. However, the physician in practice is often confronted with ECG abnormalities as an incidental finding during the routine screening of an asymptomatic individual without a clinically apparent cardiac disorder. The prognostic significance of such abnormalities have not been clearly established and therefore the physician’s conclusions and recommendations in such instances are based essentially on his knowledge of the outcome of patients with comparable ECG abnormalities occurring in the context of known heart disease. In recent years, ECG “abnormalities” in clinically “normal” individuals have assumed greater importance than ever before, since ECG examinations are now undertaken with increasing frequency during the course of an application for life insurance or employment, preoperative evaluation. or as an integral part of the popular routine periodic “check-up.” Furthermore, the use of continuous ECG recording on Holter monitor has revealed much more striking ECG abnormalities occurring with a greater frequency in apparently healthy individuals than those previously revealed on routine 12-lead ECG records. The identification of asymptomatic ECG abnormalities in apparently healthy individuals clearly raises the important issue of their prognostic significance especially in relation to the question of whether their mere presence on a rhythm strip or on the dynamic cardiogram merits therapy. A clear delineation of the natural history of such “lone” ECG deviatreatment can reasonably be formulated in an individual instance. To our knowledge, no attempt has previously been made to systematize the existing knowledge in this regard. In this article, the pertinent literature is therefore reviewed and conclusions regarding the prognostic significance of various ECG abnormalities occurring in subjects without clinical heart disease have been drawn in light of the published reports and of our own clinical experience and practice. The need for a better understanding of the natural history of asymptomatic abnormalities of rhythm has become more acute with the increasing plethora of new antiarrhythmic drugs that might be used in their prophylaxis.’
Ethical theory and medical ethics: a personal perspective

Ethical physicians need to share their biases and prejudices and articulate alternatives and also be tolerant of the decisions of their patients and families.
Relationship of flux quantization to charge quantization and the electromagnetic coupling constant

The concept of a closed quantized flux loop ("elementary loop") which avoids the implication of magnetic monopoles is investigated, leading to a theory of a charged lepton (muon or electron). In order to reconstruct a continuous magnetic dipole field of a source lepton, it is assumed that the flux loop adopts a statistical distribution of alternative forms characterized by a complex probability amplitude superposition, in a manner somewhat analogous to the superposition of path histories in Feynman's space-time approach to quantum mechanics. Flux quantization results from the equivalence of a line discontinuity of the phase factor of a $\ensuremath{\psi}$ function of a field lepton (due to its phase multivaluedness by $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2\ensuremath{\pi}$) to the presence of a line of quantized flux. On the same basis as quantized flux arises from such a singularity of that phase factor, so also an electric field arises when this singularity line is moving. In particular, the source's Coulomb field results from a spinning of the quantized flux loop (about the center of the source) with an angular velocity equal to the Zitterbewegung frequency $\frac{2m{c}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}$, if the statistical distribution of flux loopforms properly represents the magnetic dipole field of a muon or of an electron. The reconstruction of the magnetic and electric fields of a charged lepton and the comparison of them with the quantized flux $\frac{\mathrm{hc}}{e}$ gives a numerical estimate of the electromagnetic interaction constant $\frac{{e}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}c}$, i.e., an understanding of the relationship between $e$ and $\ensuremath{\hbar}$. The energy $m{c}^{2}$ and angular momentum $\frac{\ensuremath{\hbar}}{2}$ may be interpreted as electromagnetic. The theory should work for both muon and electron and is expected to give some insight into the ratio of the masses of these two leptons. A representation of quarks in terms of linked quantized flux loops is suggested to describe a low-lying meson as a linkage of an elementary loop with an antiloop, and a low-lying baryon as three interlinked elementary loops. We are here developing a model approach to problems of structure and conservation laws in particle physics. A more abstract version of a quantized flux theory of particles should be preceded by such an heuristic model.
Conscience and Conquest: Francisco de Vitoria on Justice in the New World

The author considers the work of the 16th century Spanish Dominican Francisco de Vitoria on the justice of the conquest of the Americas. He argues that it is essential to read Vitoria’s work in the light of Thomas Aquinas’s views on virtue and conscience. In this light, Vitoria’s condemnation of the Conquistadors is more sweeping than previous interpreters have thought. Finally, the author suggests that there is an important rift between Vitoria’s thought and that of the generations that follow, with important consequences for understanding and applying just war thinking in the modern world.
Robust Application Specific and Agile Private (ASAP) networks withstanding multi-layer failures

A novel robust network design framework supporting critical distributed computing applications over WDM networks is studied, taking into consideration concurrent and multi-layer failures and their impact on a large number of distributed computing applications.
Gender, relationship type and contraceptive use at first intercourse.

Abstract Background Most of the sexually transmitted infection prevention programs fail to attend to the relationship type of individuals at first sexual intercourse and how it influences contraceptive behavior. Study design A national sample of adolescents (3084 females and 2745 for males) was analyzed to determine the associations between relationship types (committed, going steady and casual), use of contraception and methods of contraception at first intercourse using logistic and multinomial logistic regressions. Results Two thirds of females and over three quarters of males used a condom at first intercourse while reported use of dual methods was 12.7% and 14.0%, respectively, for females and males at first intercourse. Bivariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that relationship type was associated with contraceptive use at first intercourse. Males in casual relationships had low odds (0.586) of using any method of contraception at first intercourse. Among contraceptive users, females in committed relationships had high odds (5.016) of using hormonal methods at first intercourse while males in casual relationships had low odds (0.379) of using dual methods at first intercourse. Conclusion The results suggest that adolescents are at sexual health risk when first sexual relationship types are taken into account. Sexual health programs must focus on enhancing communication skills among adolescents so that regardless of relationship type, correct contraceptive behavior is practiced.
Biogeography-based optimization and the solution of the power flow problem

Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a novel evolutionary algorithm that is based on the mathematics of biogeography. Biogeography is the study of the geographical distribution of biological organisms. In the BBO model, problem solutions are represented as islands, and the sharing of features between solutions is represented as immigration and emigration between the islands. This paper presents an application of the BBO algorithm to the power flow problem for an IEEE 30-bus Test Case system. The BBO solution is compared with the solution of the same problem using a genetic algorithm (GA). The results of Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the BBO algorithm consistently performs better than the GA in determining an optimal solution to the power flow problem.
Postoperative Changes in Cerebral Metabolism in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

abnormalities ipsilateral to the seizure focus in 80% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Regions outside the epileptogenic zone can also be affected. We hypothesized that these remote regions might show altered metabolism, tending to return toward normal values, after surgery. Design: Interictal preoperative and postoperative 18 FFDG-PET metabolism were compared in patients with refractory TLE. Based on pathological findings, disease was classified in the following 3 groups: mesial temporal sclerosis, mass lesions, and no pathological diagnosis. Quantitative PET data analysis was performed using the region-of-interest template previously described. Global normalization was used to adjust for the effect of antiepileptic medication changes. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test and analysis of variance. Setting: The Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health. Patients: Twenty-two patients with refractory TLE. Results: Preoperatively, in all groups, cerebral metabolic rate for glucose was decreased ipsilateral to the resection site in inferior lateral temporal, inferior mesial temporal, and inferior frontal areas and thalamus. Postoperatively, in all groups, cerebral metabolic rate for glucose increased in ipsilateral inferior frontal area and thalamus. In the mesial temporal sclerosis group, we found a statistically significant increase in the contralateral thalamus. Conclusion: Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with extensive preoperative decreased metabolism in inferior lateral temporal, inferior mesial temporal, and inferior frontal areas and thalamus. Postoperatively, we found increased IF and thalamic metabolism. Seizures may have a reversible effect on brain areas connected with, but remote from, the epileptogenic cortex.
Homeobox Gene Prx1 Is Expressed in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells and Transactivates Collagen α1(I) Promoter

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are mesenchymal cells of the liver, which are normally in quiescent state and synthesize tracing amounts of extracellular matrix proteins. Upon fibrogenic stimulus, HSCs become activated and increase synthesis of type I collagen 50–100 fold. Prx1 and Prx2 are two homeobox transcription factors which are required for mesenchymal tissue formation during embryogenesis. The present study shows that Prx1 mRNA is expressed in in vivo and in vitro activated HSCs, but not in quiescent HSCs. Prx1 is also expressed in fibrotic livers, while it is undetectable in normal livers. Overexpression of Prx1a in quiescent HSCs cultured in vitro induced collagen α1(I) mRNA and TGFβ3 mRNA expression. Prx1 transactivated TGFβ3 promoter 3 fold in transient transfection experiments. In the whole liver, Prx1a induced expression of collagen α1(I), α2(I), α1(III) and α-smooth muscle mRNAs, which are the markers of activation of HSCs. Prx1 also increased expression of collagen α1(I) mRNA after acute liv...
Stability as a distinction between Axis I and Axis II disorders

Temporal stability has served as a conceptual basis for the distinction between the clinical syndromes of Axis I disorders and the Axis II personality disorders, the latter being viewed as lifelong enduring patterns. However, comparisons of the stability of Axis I and II disorders have been limited. The present review examines findings from three naturalistic longitudinal studies that utilize similar methodology: the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS; Gunderson et al., 2000), the Collaborative Depression Study (CDS; Katz & Klerman, 1979), and the Harvard/Brown Anxiety Research Program (HARP; Keller et al., 1994). Using a definition of remission/recovery as having no or minimal symptoms for 8 consecutive weeks, the courses of personality, depressive, and anxiety disorders were compared. Though remission/recovery rate at the 2-year follow-up was highest for mood disorders, the probability of recurrence was also particularly high. Personality disorders, with remission rates higher than the anxiety disorders, appear to be less stable than conceptualized. The anxiety disorders had remarkably low recovery rates even beyond 5 years of prospective follow-up. Factors that may explain these findings, as well as implications for future conceptualization of DSM, are discussed.
The Evolution of Modern Institutions and Organizations

Cultural evolution has historically concentrated on questions of the long term evolution of human culture and on questions of gene-culture co-evolution. However, cultural evolution is a dynamic process that very much operates in recent and ongoing change in human societies. Over the last two centuries, most of the world has been in the midst of an ongoing process often called modernization. Cultural evolutionists conjecture that the transformation of social networks caused by mass mobility is a basic driver of modernization. Networks become less kin dense as people move from traditional villages to towns and cities. As a consequence, support for the family as an institution weakened and competing institutions, such as business firms, attracted more support. Gradually, individual rights come to trump family duties in the legal and ethical domains. Lesley Newson and I tested this hypothesis at the national scale by examining the relationship of many variables to years since the demographic transition began, a good index of the beginning of modernization. A goodly fraction of the contemporary cultural variation in the world appears to be attributable to stage of the country in the modernizing process. In ongoing work, Christian Cordes, Georg Schwesinger, and I have developed models of firms based on the idea that work values transmitted within firms are an important determinant of firm behavior. In small entrepreneurial firms, the founding leaders of the organization play an important role socializing workers. If these firms grow, these individuals’ influence is diluted and firms face growth crises that can be resolved by developing more formalized management systems or by the spin-off of new entrepreneurial firms. The business environment determines which path an evolving industry takes. The models reflect stylized facts about industry evolution described by students of business organizations.
Order in very cold confined plasmas

The study of the structure and dynamic properties of classical systems of charged particles confined by external forces, and cooled to very low internal energies, is the subject of this talk. An infinite system of identical charged particles has been known for some time to form a body-centered cubic lattice and is a simple classical prototype for condensed matter. Recent technical developments in storage rings, ion traps, and laser cooling of ions, have made it possible to produce such systems in the laboratory, though somewhat modified because of their finite size. I would like to discuss what one may expect in such systems and also show some examples of experiments. If we approximate the potential of an ion trap with an isotropic harmonic force F = {minus}Kr then the Hamiltonian for this collection of ions is the same as that for J. J. Thomson`s ``plum pudding`` model of the atom, where electrons were thought of as discrete negative charges imbedded in a larger, positive, uniformly charged sphere. The harmonic force macroscopically is canceled by the average space-charge forces of the plasma-, and this fixes the overall radius of the distribution. What remains, are the residual two-body Coulomb interactions that keep the particles within the volume as nearly equidistant as possible in order to minimize the potential energy. The configurations obtained for the minimum energy of small ionic systems [2] in isotropic confinement are shown in figure 1. Indeed this is an `Exotic Atom` and fits well into the subject of this symposium honoring the 60th birthday of Professor Toshi Yamazaki.
A GNC perspective of the launch and commissioning of NASA's SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) spacecraft

The NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) spacecraft was designed to use radar and radiometer measurements to produce global soil moisture measurements every 2-3 days. The SMAP spacecraft is a complicated dual-spinning design with a large 6 meter deployable mesh reflector mounted on a platform that spins at 14.6 rpm while the Guidance Navigation and Control algorithms maintain precise nadir pointing for the de-spun portion of the spacecraft. After launching in early 2015, the Guidance Navigation and Control software and hardware aboard the SMAP spacecraft underwent an intensive spacecraft checkout and commissioning period. This paper describes the activities performed by the Guidance Navigation and Control team to confirm the health and phasing of subsystem hardware and the functionality of the guidance and control modes and algorithms. The operations tasks performed, as well as anomalies that were encountered during the commissioning, are explained and results are summarized.
Designing a polycationic probe for simultaneous enrichment and detection of microRNAs in a nanopore.

The nanopore sensor can detect cancer-derived nucleic acid biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs), providing a noninvasive tool potentially useful in medical diagnostics. However, the nanopore-based detection of these biomarkers remains confounded by the presence of numerous other nucleic acid species found in biofluid extracts. Their nonspecific interactions with the nanopore inevitably contaminate the target signals, reducing the detection accuracy. Here we report a novel method that utilizes a polycationic peptide-PNA probe as the carrier for selective miRNA detection in the nucleic acid mixture. The cationic probe hybridized with microRNA forms a dipole complex, which can be captured by the pore using a voltage polarity that is opposite the polarity used to capture negatively charged nucleic acids. As a result, nontarget species are driven away from the pore opening, and the target miRNA can be detected accurately without interference. In addition, we demonstrate that the PNA probe enables accurate dis...
Red imported fire ant control with mound drenches.

High rates of colony mortality of Solenopsis invicta Buren were rapidly obtained when mounds were drenched with 7–14 g of malathion or carbaryl in 7.5 liters of water. This method is well suited for use in areas of concentrated human activity.
Strain Engineering in Monolayer Materials Using Patterned Adatom Adsorption

We utilize reactive empirical bond order (REBO)-based interatomic potentials to explore the potential for the engineering of strain in monolayer materials using lithographically or otherwise patterned adatom adsorption. In the context of graphene, we discover that the monolayer strain results from a competition between the in-plane elasticity and out-of-plane relaxation deformations. For hydrogen adatoms on graphene, the strain outside the adsorption region vanishes due to out-of-plane relaxation deformations. Under some circumstances, an annular adsorption pattern generates homogeneous tensile strains of approximately 2% in graphene inside the adsorption region, approximately 30% of the strain in the adsorbed region. We find that an elliptical adsorption pattern produces strains of as large as 5%, close to the strain in the adsorbed region. Also, nonzero maximum shear strain (∼4%) can be introduced by the elliptical adsorption pattern. We find that an elastic plane stress model provides qualitative guida...
Safety and Immune Effects of the Purified Vero Cell Rabies Vaccine (PVRV) for Human Use

Objective The present study was designed to observe the purified vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) for human use manufactured by Changzhou Yansheng Biotechnology Co.,Ltd and Weierbo, a purified rabies vaccine produced by Aventis Pasteur Company, both of which were newly introduced into Hangzhou city, for their safety and serological immune effects. Methods 176 rabies sufferers vaccinated after exposure from July,7,2003 to July, 19 at the Animal Bite Clinic of Hangzhou Municipal Center for Disease control and Prevention were chosen as subjects, who were divided into 2 groups, Changzhou rabies vaccine group and Velbo Group, based on the vaccine used. Evaluation criterion described in "vaccination manual" , National Regulations for Clinical Drug Administration and criterion for rabies vaccine immunodetection defined in the China Biological Products Regulations(2000 edition) were used for assessment of general and local reactions and antibody level.Results No abnormal reactions were seen in both groups. Mild general reactions were seen in Changzhou rabies vaccine group(3.41%) and Velbo group(3.57%), and GMT was 48.09 IU/ml and 52.22 IU/ml respectively. Both groups had a IgG positive seroconversion rate of 100%. There was no significant difference between the two groups as far as safety and immune effects were concerned. Conclusion The two kinds of purified vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) for human use prove safe and effective in inducing specific immune protection without abnormal reactions and with a low rate of side effects.
Platelet-activating factor both stimulates and "primes" human polymorphonuclear leukocyte actin filament assembly.

The phospholipid inflammatory mediator, platelet-activating factor (PAF), can stimulate polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis. Conversion of cytoplasmic actin from monomers to filaments is associated with PMN motile functions. Using the fluorescent actin filament stain nitrobenzodiaxole phallicidin, we have investigated PAF9s effects on human PMN actin polymerization. Concentrations of PAF between 1 x 10(-11) to 1 x 10(-6) mol/L induced actin filament (F- actin) assembly. An optimal concentration of PAF (1–5 x 10(-8) mol/L) induced a significantly lower rise in relative F-actin content (1.72 +/- 0.07 SEM) than an optimal concentration (5 x 10(-7) mol/L) of the chemotactic peptide FMLP (2.21 +/- 0.06). Unlike FMLP (F-actin content: 1.25 +/- 0.04 at five seconds), PAF stimulation was associated with a delay of more than five seconds (1.04 +/- 0.01 at five seconds) before an increase in F-actin could be detected. F-actin concentration reached maximum levels by 30 to 60 seconds. Prolonged stimulation (20 minutes) with PAF was associated with two phases of polymerization and depolymerization. Like FMLP, the initiation of actin filament assembly by PAF required receptor occupancy, this reaction being totally blocked by the PAF receptor inhibitor, SKI 63–441. As evidenced by the lack of inhibition by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (5 to 20 mumol/L), the production of leukotriene B4 was not required for the PAF-induced changes in F-actin. Like FMLP, PAF9s ability to stimulate PMN actin polymerization was inhibited by pertussis toxin (.05 to 2.5 micrograms/mL) but not impaired by the addition of EGTA and/or the calcium ionophore A23187. Preincubation with 1 x 10(-11) to 1 x 10(-8) mol/L PAF for 2 to 60 minutes enhanced the rise in F-actin content induced by low concentrations of FMLP (5 x 10(-12) to 1 x 10(-10) mol/L) indicating that this phospholipid was capable of “priming” the PMN actin polymerization response.
Acute Behavioral Responses to Pheromones in C. elegans (Adult Behaviors: Attraction, Repulsion)

The pheromone drop test is a simple and robust behavioral assay to quantify acute avoidance of pheromones in C. elegans, and the suppression of avoidance by attractive pheromones. In the pheromone drop test, water-soluble C. elegans pheromones are individually applied to animals that are freely moving on a large plate. Upon encountering a repellent, each C. elegans animal may or may not try to escape by making a long reversal. The fraction of animals that make a long reversal response indicates the repulsiveness of a given pheromone to a specific genotype/strain of C. elegans. Performing the drop test in the presence of bacterial food enhances the avoidance response to pheromones. Attraction to pheromones can be assayed by the suppression of reversals to repulsive pheromones or by the suppression of the basal reversal rate to buffer.
In-Line Inspection of Hotspots and Monitoring Strategies

Design Hotspots are features on a silicon chip, which are susceptible to pattern failures. While multiple methods like DRC, ORC, and in-line defect inspection are used to identify these hotspots, in-line monitoring of these Design Hotspots has remained a challenge. Existing methods of hotspot inspection, which include API and EBI are not suited for large scale inspection due to system limitations and throughput limitations, respectively. NanoPoint inspection, which is a recent advance in BBP inspection, has enabled in-line inspection of Design Hotspots at very high throughput. In addition, new monitoring strategies are needed to monitor the hotspots inline. In this paper, a methodology for in-line inspection and monitoring of Design Hotspots using NanoPoint BBP inspection is presented.
Population) Health Law in Theory.

This essay explores the viability of using the population health legal norm developed by Professor Wendy Parmet in her book Populations, Public Health, and the Law as a basis for theorizing health law. Based on the application of five criteria, the essay concludes that a population health legal norm has potential as a framework for theorizing health law, especially in comparison to other proposed health law theories. Yet, its potential turns on the ability of theorists to provide a detailed account of individual rights under a population health framework.
Physical Activity and the Risk of Depression in Community-Dwelling Korean Adults With a History of Stroke

Background Physical activity (PA) is believed to improve mental health, including depression. However, whether recommended PA levels have a similar impact in individuals with poststroke depression is unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to apply a quasi-experimental propensity score (PS) matching control for covariate differences and compare the effects of PA on reducing depression risk among people with stroke. Design A cross-sectional design was used for this study. Methods Health-related information for community-dwelling adults (N=4,555) who reported having had a stroke was extracted from the 2013 Korean Community Health Survey data set. The survey participants were asked a series of questions about depression, recommended PA levels (moderate and vigorous intensity), and chronic conditions. A multivariable regression model, inverse probability weighting adjustment, and Greedy algorithms with 1:1 matching and covariate adjustment were used to estimate the effects of PA on risk of depression. The dependent variable was diagnosis of depression, and the primary independent variable was PA. Baseline covariates were 10 demographic and 9 chronic condition variables. Results Without PS methods, there were significant differences in baseline covariates (16 out of 19) between people who performed PA and those who did not perform PA. After applying 1:1 matching, the number of patients in each group comparing the effect of PA numbered 1,970, and 13 covariates did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Physical activity reduced the risk of poststroke depression by 36.1% to 42.4% (odds ratio=0.639–0.376) across the 3 methods. Limitations Unaccounted-for covariates, including stroke severity, predepression status, and history of depression treatments, may have biased the results. Conclusions The findings suggest that recommended PA levels have protective relationships with the risk of poststroke depression.
Multiplexed Coherent Pulse Stacking of 27 Pulses in a 4+1 GTI Resonator Sequence

Coherent stacking of 27 equal-amplitude pulses is achieved in 5-GTI sequence, with 4 cavities having rountrip of 1 ns, and one cavity - 9ns. Compression of effectively ~27ns long stretched-pulses down to 330fs is demonstrated.
CPAC: securing critical infrastructure with cyber-physical access control

Critical infrastructure such as the power grid has become increasingly complex. The addition of computing elements to traditional physical components increases complexity and hampers insight into how elements in the system interact with each other. The result is an infrastructure where operational mistakes, some of which cannot be distinguished from attacks, are more difficult to prevent and have greater potential impact, such as leaking sensitive information to the operator or attacker. In this paper, we present CPAC, a cyber-physical access control solution to manage complexity and mitigate threats in cyber-physical environments, with a focus on the electrical smart grid. CPAC uses information flow analysis based on mathematical models of the physical grid to generate policies enforced through verifiable logic. At the device side, CPAC combines symbolic execution with lightweight dynamic execution monitoring to allow non-intrusive taint analysis on programmable logic controllers in realtime. These components work together to provide a realtime view of all system elements, and allow for more robust and finer-grained protections than any previous solution to securing the grid. We implement a prototype of CPAC using Bachmann PLCs and evaluate several real-world incidents that demonstrate its scalability and effectiveness. The policy checking for a nation-wide grid is less than 150 ms, faster than existing solutions. We additionally show that CPAC can analyze potential component failures for arbitrary component failures, far beyond the capabilities of currently deployed systems. CPAC thus provides a solution to secure the modern smart grid from operator mistakes or insider attacks, maintain operational privacy, and support N - x contingencies.
Educational Issues and Strategies for Genomic Medicine

Abstract Discoveries of genomic variation associated with health, disease, and treatment options when translated into practice can make a difference for a patient and his/her family. Currently, primary care providers (PCPs) are being urged to assess how the incorporation of genomic technologies and findings in routine clinical care can benefit their patients through personalizing clinical interventions. Although recommended educational preparation and practice of all healthcare providers is changing, current evidence indicates that healthcare providers and faculty have limited genomic competency. PCP who recognize the importance of adding genomic data with other known clinical predictors to make clinical recommendations may be motivated to begin a professional journey to become more educated about genomic influences of care. Fundamental changes are needed in the educational infrastructure and methods for lifelong learning about the foundational knowledge of genomic clinical applications. Multiple exemplars of educational opportunities and resources to achieve genomic competency are provided.
Ozone-induced dissociation on a traveling wave high-resolution mass spectrometer for determination of double-bond position in lipids.

Rationale The position of C=C within fatty acyl chains affects the biological function of lipids. Ozone induced dissociation-mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) has great potential in determination of lipid double bond position, but has only been implemented on low resolution ion trap mass spectrometers. In addition, most of the OzID-MS experiments carried out so far were focused on the sodiated adducts of lipids, fragmentation of the most commonly observed protonated ions generated in LC-MS based lipidomics workflow has been less explored. Methods Ozone generated in line from an ozone generator was connected to the trap and transfer gas supply line of a Synapt G2 high resolution mass spectrometer. Protonated ions of different phosphatidylcholines (PC) were generated by electrospray ionization through direct infusion. Different parameters, including traveling wave height and velocity, trap entrance and DC potential were adjusted to maximize the OzID efficiency. sn- positional isomers and cis/trans isomers of lipids were compared for their reactivity with ozone. Results Traveling Wave height and velocity were tuned to prolong the encounter time between lipid ions and ozone, and resulted in improved OzID efficiency, as did increasing trapping region DC and entrance potential. Under optimized settings, at least 1000 times enhancement in OzID efficiency was achieved compared to that under default settings for monounsaturated PC standards. Monounsaturated C=C in the sn-2 PC isomer reacted faster with ozone than the sn-1 isomer. Similarly, the C=C in trans PC reacted faster than in cis PC. Conclusions This is the first implementation of OzID in the trap and transfer region of a traveling wave enabled high resolution mass spectrometer. The OzID reaction efficiency is significantly improved by slowing down ions in the trap region for their prolonged interaction with ozone. This will facilitate application of high resolution OzID-MS in lipidomics.
Adversarial Growth After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Although psychological research on sport injury has long focused on negative responses to injury, investigators have begun to explore positive consequences as well. This study examined adversarial growth longitudinally after anterior cruciate ligament surgery and rehabilitation. Participants (N = 108) completed questionnaires measuring (a) aspects of adversarial growth before anterior cruciate ligament surgery and at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery and (b) daily pain and negative mood for 42 days postoperatively. Although most participants reported little or no adversarial growth due to their injury and rehabilitation, significant increases over preoperative values were found at 6 months postsurgery for three aspects of adversarial growth. Daily pain and negative mood were positively associated with aspects of adversarial growth at each postoperative assessment. It appears that modest but detectable increases in aspects of perceived adversarial growth can occur after anterior cruciate ligament reconstr...
Strong late-time circumstellar interaction in the peculiar supernova iPTF14hls

We present a moderate-resolution spectrum of the peculiar Type II supernova iPTF14hls taken on day 1153 after discovery. This spectrum reveals the clear signature of shock interaction with dense circumstellar material (CSM). We suggest that this CSM interaction may be an important clue for understanding the extremely unusual photometric and spectroscopic evolution seen over the first 600 days of iPTF14hls. The late-time spectrum shows a double-peaked intermediate-width H-alpha line indicative of expansion speeds around 1000 km/s, with the double-peaked shape hinting at a disc-like geometry in the CSM. If the CSM was highly asymmetric, perhaps in a disc or torus that was ejected from the star 3-6 years prior to explosion, then the CSM interaction could have been overrun and hidden below the SN ejecta photosphere from a wide range of viewing angles. In that case, CSM interaction luminosity would have been thermalized well below the photosphere, possibly sustaining the high luminosity without exhibiting the traditional observational signatures of strong CSM interaction (narrow H-alpha emission and X-rays). Variations in density structure of the CSM could account for the multiple rebrightenings of the lightcurve. We propose that enveloped CSM interaction as seen in some recent SNe, rather than an entirely new explosion mechanism, may be adequate to explain the peculiar evolution of iPTF14hls.
Molecular blends of methylated-poly(ethylenimine) and amorphous porous organic cages for SO2 adsorption

Porous organic cages (POCs) are emerging porous materials that exhibit intriguing properties in the areas of self-assembly, host–guest interaction, and solution processability. In this work, we explore the applicability of POCs as molecular porous supports for polymeric amines. We find that primary amines in poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) can undergo metathesis with the imine bonds present in POCs, resulting in non-porous products. This problem can be overcome by transforming the primary amines in PEI to tertiary amines via methylation. The methylated PEI (mPEI) forms homogeneous composites with amorphous scrambled porous organic cages (ASPOCs) without undesired reactions or phase separation. The microscopic structure of the composites is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. These composite materials are evaluated as adsorbents for low concentration SO2 (200 ppm) adsorption and show good thermal and cyclic stability.
Tumorigenesis and Tumor Markers

Until recently, the bulk of basic information about cancer came from studies which defined phenotypic differences between malignant and normal cells and tissues. The information gained from these studies indicates that cancer cells share certain characteristics. However, these comparative studies failed to define clear-out cancer cell specific alterations or explain the mechanisms responsible for both the induction and the aberrant behavior of tumor cells. Recent technological advances, especiallyat the molecular and gcnctic level, promise to com-plement substantially and extend these earlier com-parative studies. Although several areas of investi-gation have contributed to the rapidly expandingknowledge defining canccr biology, two avenueswere of central importance: (a) the biological andbiochemical characterization of DNA and RNA tu-mor viruses leading to techniques in somatic cellhybridization, chromosomal transfer, and l)NAtransfection, and (b) the identification and utiliza-tion of bacterial restriction endonuclease enzymes,leading to the molecular cloning and detailed anal-yses of discrete DNA segments.
Incorporating Co-offending in Sentencing Models: An Analysis of Fines Imposed on Antitrust Offenders

Analyses of sentencing (and other criminal justice processes such as the decision to prosecute, plea bargaining, and contact with the police) often use the isolated individual as the unit of analysis. However, the criminal justice system often processes either offenses or court cases rather than persons. If court cases always involved one individual, this would have little impact. However, offenses involving co-offending—two or more persons acting together—comprise a substantial proportion of criminal activity (Reiss, 1980, 1986). Depending on the prevalence of co-offending, it may be very likely that two or more individuals involved in the same case will be selected as members of the same sample of criminal justice or criminological data. Unless it can be shown that both the individual-level variables of co-offenders and their error terms are mutually independent, analyses based on methods such as ordinary least-squares multiple regression would violate the underlying assumptions of such models. However, alternatives to linear models assuming either type of independence are available. Among the most useful of these are mixed models, specifically those assuming compound symmetry. This is illustrated with an analysis of fines imposed on criminally convicted antitrust offenders. These models may yield results which are substantially different than those from models which ignore co-offending. In a model of fines imposed on antitrust offenders, models which ignore co-offending generally overstate both estimates and statistical significance of offense-level variables and understate those of offender-level variables.
Complete Genome Sequence of Megasphaera stantonii AJH120 T , Isolated from a Chicken Cecum.

A novel bacterium, Megasphaera stantonii (strain AJH120T), was isolated from the cecum of a chicken during a screen for microorganisms using a brain heart infusion (BHI) medium. PacBio and Illumina MiSeq sequencing technologies were used to produce a single contiguous chromosome. The resulting genome sequence is 2,652,760 bp long with a 52.62% GC content.
Static and Dynamic Strength of Scarf-Repaired Thick-Section Composite Plates

Abstract : One of the many challenges facing weapon developers is the requirement for a highly lethal, lightweight, and compact large caliber gun system. One concept recently investigated by the U.S. Army is that of a swing-chamber gun, necessitating the use of telescoped ammunition. Such ammunition not only reduces the volume available for the propellant change, but also places severe geometric constraints on both the distribution of the propellant and the location and functionality of the ignition system. Lumped parameter codes cannot capture the influence of these configurational complexities on the processes of flame spreading and the formation of ensuing pressure waves. One-dimensional, two-phase flow interior ballistic simulations reveal the likelihood of such waves and raise the concern for possible damage to the ammunition (projectile). Multidimensional, two-phase interior ballistic simulations provide quantitative predictions of the flow in the annular region between the sidewall of the telescoped projectile and the cartridge case, also show the formation of pressure waves, and further the concern over projectile damage. Initial results are shown from ongoing work to couple an interior ballistics code with a gun/projectile structural dynamics code. Pressure waves in the charge produce a very demanding environment for the projectile which necessitates the use of a more substantial structure, with the attending sharp reduction in cargo capacity, or the use of exotic materials in order to insure a successful launch.
Initial Radiance Validation of On-orbit MicroMAS-2A Data

Constellations of nanosatellites allow increased observations, improved revisit time, and expanded spatial coverage. Miniaturized microwave radiometers are particularly well-suited to nanosatellite constellations given the relatively wide receive beamwidth and high impact of their contribution to weather forecasting [1]. The Micro-sized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite (MicroMAS)-2A is a 3U CubeSat that launched on January 11, 2018, and provided the first CubeSat microwave atmospheric sounder data from orbit. MicroMAS-2A has a 1U 10-channel passive microwave radiometer with channels near 90, 118, 183, and 206 GHz for moisture and temperature profiling and precipitation imaging [2]. MicroMAS-2A is a pathfinder for the future mission Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats (TROPICS), which is projected to launch in 2020. In this work, we provide an initial radiance validation assessment of MicroMAS-2A data.