cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generating Semantic Web Services Using Lattices and SAWSDL

Today, the growing number of web services is phenomenal and will become a major opportunity for the industry in the next few years. Service providers have the potential to produce similar services with different costs and QoS. Consumers likewise want to choose what services best fit their needs. Several methods such as Lattices, SWS challenge and Pathak et al have been proposed to solve the problem of duplicate services by using current specification or enhancing existing ones to support semantic annotation. In this paper, we introduce a novel semantic web service transformation method by using a semantic knowledge base transformation engine with a pre-defined common ontology, Lattices foundation and SAWSDL to augment the registered web services with semantic annotation. The common knowledge base concept will be introduced to transform the functional web services into a semantic web service.
An efficient channel-feedback-based adaptive protocol for scheduling variable-length messages on slotted, high-speed fiber optic LANs/MANs

This paper is based on the continuation-bit approach in conjunction with a probabilistic scheduling strategy called the p/sub i/-persistent protocol. This combination has been proposed as an efficient multiple access protocol for transmitting variable-length messages on slotted, high-speed, fiber-optic, bus-structured local and metropolitan area networks (LANs/MANs). Specifically, the authors extend the previous static model on this approach to the dynamic case so that the protocol can be implemented. A dynamic simulation model of the protocol using the continuation-bit approach has been formulated, and channel feedback information has been used to calibrate the operating parameters in real time. Since the goal was to study the operation of the dynamic protocol with variable-length messages, variable-bit-rate coded (i.e., compressed) video was chosen as the traffic to be carried by the network in the illustrative examples. The simulation model indicates that channel feedback is a good approach for dynamically adjusting the network parameters as the network loading and the message lengths fluctuate. Even at a network utilization of 0.6, it was found that almost all video messages were transmitted from the station buffers before the next video message arrived. >
LADS: optimizing data transfers using layout-aware data scheduling

While future terabit networks hold the promise of significantly improving big-data motion among geographically distributed data centers, significant challenges must be overcome even on today's 100 gigabit networks to realize end-to-end performance. Multiple bottlenecks exist along the end-to-end path from source to sink. Data storage infrastructure at both the source and sink and its interplay with the wide-area network are increasingly the bottleneck to achieving high performance. In this paper, we identify the issues that lead to congestion on the path of an end-to-end data transfer in the terabit network environment, and we present a new bulk data movement framework called LADS for terabit networks. LADS exploits the underlying storage layout at each endpoint to maximize throughput without negatively impacting the performance of shared storage resources for other users. LADS also uses the Common Communication Interface (CCI) in lieu of the sockets interface to use zero-copy, OS-bypass hardware when available. It can further improve data transfer performance under congestion on the end systems using buffering at the source using flash storage. With our evaluations, we show that LADS can avoid congested storage elements within the shared storage resource, improving I/O bandwidth, and data transfer rates across the high speed networks.
Cultural Expression and Black Students' Attitudes Toward High Achievers

The authors of the present study have extended research by D. Marryshow that investigated African American students' attitudes toward 4 high achievers who differed in their approach to high achievement. D. Marryshow (1992) assessed students' social attitudes and perceptions of 4 high achievers with culturally distinct achievement orientations. In the present research, the authors assessed students' academic attitudes and perceptions of the same 4 high achievers. In addition, the present study includes Black children's predictions of their parents' and peers' attitudes toward these high achieving students. The results generally supported the authors' hypothesis that African American children would report a preference for students who achieve via attitudes and behaviors congruent with African American cultural values. The children also predicted that their parents and their Black peers would prefer these same African American culturally oriented high achievers. The findings suggest that Black children who p...
A Multidirectional Communication Model: Implications for Social Marketing Practice

The landscape of sending and receiving information has changed dramatically in the past 25 years. The communication process is changing from being unidirectional to multidirectional as consumers ar...
Growth and mycorrhizal colonization of three North American tree species under elevated atmospheric CO2

summary We investigated the effect of elevated CO2 on the growth and mycorrhizal colonization of three tree species native to north-eastern American forests (Betula papyrifera Marsh., Pinus strobus L. and Tsuga Canadensis L. Carr). Saplings of the tree species were collected from Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, and grown in forest soil under ambient (c. 375 ppm) and elevated (700 ppm) atmospheric CO., concentrations for 27–35 wk. In all three species there was a trend to increasing whole-plant, total-root and fine-root biomass in elevated CO2, and a significant increase in the degree of ectomycorrhizal colonization in B. papyrifera and P. strobus, but not in T. Canadensis. However, in T, Canadensis the degree of colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizas increased significantly. In both the ambient and elevated environments, on the roots of B. papyrifera and P. strobus 12 distinct ectomycorrhizal morphotypes were identified. Distinct changes in the ectomycorrhizal morphotype assemblage of B. papvrifera were observed under CO2 enrichment. This change resulted in an increase in the frequency of ectomycorrhizas with a higher incidence of emanating hyphae and rhizomorphs, and resulted in a higher density of fungal hyphae in a root exclusion chamber.
What is the optimal follicular size before triggering ovulation in intrauterine insemination cycles with clomiphene citrate or letrozole? An analysis of 988 cycles

Objective To determine the optimal size of the leading follicle before human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration in cycles with clomiphene citrate (CC) and letrozole, and to examine any differences in the optimal leading follicle size between cycles with CC and letrozole. Design A retrospective study. Setting University hospital-based reproductive center. Patient(s) 1,075 women undergoing intrauterine insemination cycles with CC or letrozole. Intervention(s) Leading follicle diameters and endometrial thickness were recorded 24 hours before hCG administration, together with other cycles parameters, and were compared between pregnant and nonpregnant patients. Main Outcome Measure(s) Leading follicle diameter and intrauterine insemination outcome. Result(s) Eight percent of patients (n = 87) were excluded because their leading follicle was less than 18 mm by days 11 to 13. Pregnancy was recorded as clinical pregnancy with fetal heart activity seen at 6- to 7-week transvaginal ultrasound. For both CC and letrozole, higher pregnancy rates were achieved when the leading follicles were in the 23 to 28 mm range. The optimal size of the leading follicle was not statistically significantly different between cycles using CC or letrozole. However, for each endometrial thickness, the optimal follicular size of the leading follicle was different. Each additional millimeter of endometrial thickness increased the optimal follicular size by 0.5 mm. Thicker endometrial lining led to a higher probability of pregnancy. Conclusion(s) The optimal size of the leading follicle in ovulation induction with CC and letrozole is similar for both drugs and is closely related to the endometrial thickness.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL TURNAROUNDS IN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY

The traditional wisdom that there are increasing returns to scale among bus transit systems has been shaken with recent research findings. The implication from the literature is that unless many transit systems restructure along new organizational lines the financial and service provision difficulties will continue. Very few public transit systems have attempted to strategically manage change and “turnaround” organizationally.
Capital Punishment and Deterrence: Examining the Effect of Executions on Murder in Texas:

This study tested the deterrence hypothesis in Texas, the most active execution jurisdiction during the modern era. Using monthly observations during 1984 through 1997, both the general relationship between executions and murder rates and the specific relationship between executions and felony murder rates were examined. An initial bivariate relationship between executions and murder rates proved to be spurious when appropriate control variables were included in regression models. Within a context so ideally suited for finding any potential deterrent effects, this study confirmed the results of previous ones that failed to find any evidence of deterrence resulting from capital punishment.
Selective neural activation in a histologically derived model of peripheral nerve

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a general term for therapeutic methods that use electrical stimulation to aid or replace lost ability. For FES systems that communicate with the nervous system, one critical component is the electrode interface through which the machine–body information transfer must occur. In this paper, we examine the influence of inhomogeneous tissue conductivities and positions of nodes of Ranvier on activation of myelinated axons for neuromuscular control as a function of electrode configuration. To evaluate these effects, we developed a high-resolution bioelectric model of a fascicle from a stained cross-section of cat sciatic nerve. The model was constructed by digitizing a fixed specimen of peripheral nerve, extruding the image along the axis of the nerve, and assigning each anatomical component to one of several different tissue types. Electrodes were represented by current sources in monopolar, transverse bipolar, and longitudinal bipolar configurations; neural activation was determined using coupled field–neuron simulations with myelinated axon cable models. We found that the use of an isotropic tissue medium overestimated neural activation thresholds compared with the use of physiologically based, inhomogeneous tissue medium, even after controlling for mean impedance levels. Additionally, the positions of the cathodic sources relative to the nodes of Ranvier had substantial effects on activation, and these effects were modulated by the electrode configuration. Our results indicate that physiologically based tissue properties cause considerable variability in the neural response, and the inclusion of these properties is an important component in accurately predicting activation. The results are used to suggest new electrode designs to enable selective stimulation of small diameter fibers.
DMP-1 in Postnatal Bone Development

Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) was cloned from a rat dentin cDNA library 30 years ago. Initially, this non-collagenous matrix protein was thought to be dentin specific and attracted little interest in most scientific disciplines, except for the dental research area. In the last three decades, great progress has been made in the following four areas: (1) Gene expression studies show that DMP1 is widely expressed in both non-mineralized tissues (such as brain, kidney, salivary gland, and cancer tissues) and all mineralized tissues; it is highly expressed in osteocytes; (2) Protein chemistry studies confirm that full-length DMP1 is a precursor that is cleaved into two distinct forms: the C-terminal and N-terminal fragments; (3) Functional studies revealed that DMP1 is essential to the maturation of osteocytes and mineralization via local and systemic mechanisms; and (4) Genetic research identified DMP1 mutations in humans, leading to the discovery of a novel disease: autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets. Importantly, the regulation of phosphate homeostasis by DMP1 through FGF23, a potent hormone that is released from bone and targeted in the kidneys, contributes to a new concept that connects bone with kidney and recognizes the osteocyte as an endocrine cell.
Pricing Linkages Between Added Value Levels Of The Beef Industry: A Systems Approach

Agricultural commodities, and in particular the livestock industry, experiences cycles in prices, demand, and supply conditions. Large variations can result from a variety of factors which influence the regularity, magnitude, and the severity of the cycles. In the last few years the U.S. Livestock industry has suffered through hard financial times. Grass roots organizations such as WORC have accused the packers for using their economic power gained from concentration and the use of captive supplies for low prices at the slaughter and cow-calf levels. To compound the issue IBP, the largest beef packer, with 33 percent of the beef kill is for sale and has been bid on by other packers, potentially concentrating the industry more and reducing the number of bidders for slaughter cattle. The article found that the inefficiencies and price distortion in the value system were not at the packer level, but rather the retail level and between the feedlot level and the cowcalf levels. Because of changing marketing arrangements, price discovery issues in the concentrated markets needs to be resolved before suspicion will disappear.
Interactive Learning Module Improves Resident Knowledge of Risks of Ionizing Radiation Exposure From Medical Imaging

Physician awareness of the risks of ionizing radiation exposure related to medical imaging is poor. Effective educational interventions informing physicians of such risk, especially in emergency medicine (EM), are lacking. The SIEVERT (Suboptimal Ionizing Radiation Exposure Education - A Void in Emergency Medicine Residency Training) learning module was designed to improve provider knowledge of the risks of radiation exposure from medical imaging and comfort in communicating these risks to patients. The 1-hour module consists of introductory lecture, interactive discussion, and role-playing scenarios. In this pilot study, we assessed the educational effect using unmatched, anonymous preintervention and postintervention questionnaires that assessed fund of knowledge, participant self-reported imaging ordering practices in several clinical scenarios, and trainee comfort level in discussing radiation risks with patients. All 25 EM resident participants completed the preintervention questionnaire, and 22 completed the postintervention questionnaire within 4 hours after participation. Correct responses on the 14-question learning assessment increased from 6.32 (standard deviation = 2.36) preintervention to 12.23 (standard deviation = 1.85) post-intervention. Overall, 24% of residents were comfortable with discussing the risks of ionizing radiation exposure with patients preintervention, whereas 41% felt comfortable postintervention. Participants ordered fewer computed tomography scans in 2 of the 4 clinical scenarios after attending the educational intervention. There was improvement in EM residents' knowledge regarding the risks of ionizing radiation exposure from medical imaging, and increased participant self-reported comfort levels in the discussion of these risks with patients after the 1-hour SIEVERT learning module.
Orientational Control of Polymer Grafted Nanorods

Controllable end-to-end alignment of nanorods in polymer films would enable new applications, especially for metallic nanorods, where coupling of surface plasmon resonances can lead to enhanced electric fields (hot spots) between nanorod ends. To achieve end-to-end alignment, we investigate the dispersion and aggregation behavior of polymer brush-coated nanorods in a chemically identical homopolymer matrix using self-consistent field theory (SCFT). We find good agreement with previous DFT calculations and experiments for side-by-side alignment. However, we also find that thermodynamic aggregation of uniformly grafted nanorods in a polymer matrix will preferentially occur side-by-side rather than end-to-end. To achieve preferential end-to-end linking, we propose using different grafting molecular weights (relative to the length of the matrix chains) on the sides and the ends of the nanorods. We demonstrate this idea with an example system in which the side brush length is chosen so that the side-by-side in...
Water in Polymers and Artemia Cysts: Relation of Neutron Scattering and NMR Results

Water is one of the major constituents in viable biological systems. An understanding of its physical properties is important to a quantitative treatment of chemical reaction rates, protein conformations, ionic distributions and other essential cellular processes. A large number of different techniques have been used to measure the properties of water in association with macromolecular systems. Some of these measurements suggest that the properties of water in these systems differ little from those of pure water, while others suggest that there are substantial changes (Drost-Hansen and Clegg, 1979). A proper interpretation of the results obtained from these techniques requires an appreciation of the heterogenous nature of the cell and the scale of distance over which variations in physical properties occur.
Exposure to elevated carbon dioxide concentration in the dark lowers the respiration quotient of Vitis cane wood

Cane cuttings of the grapevine rootstock Vitis rupestris Scheele × V. riparia Michx. cv. 3309 Couderc were brought out of endodormancy by warming at 30 °C. Cane pieces (12 to 13 cm long) with nodes containing a primary bud were placed in a gas exchange system and monitored for net respiratory fluxes of CO 2 and O 2 . Grapevine respiration rates expressed on a wood volume basis were 1.4 to 3.4 mmol CO 2 or O 2 m −3 s −1 , which is higher than stem respiration rates reported for many other woody taxa but similar to rates measured for ecodormant buds of other Vitis species. Passive water loss from canes was 0.7 to 1.2 mmol H 2 O m −3 s −1 . During a 7-day period, nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in cane wood declined only slightly, whereas sucrose was nearly completely consumed. When ambient CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ]) was raised from 300 to 750 μmol mol −1 and then 2000 μmol mol −1 , net CO 2 exchange rates declined by 5.9 ± 0.6 and then 11.0 ± 0.6%, whereas net O 2 consumption rates remained about constant. The mean respiration quotient (net CO 2 /O 2 flux) for canes with intact ecodormant buds was 0.99 ± 0.03 when the [CO 2 ] was 300 μmol mol −1 , and decreased to 0.87 ± 0.03 and 0.088 ± 0.02 when the [CO 2 ] was increased to 750 and 2000 μmol mol −1 , respectively. The results support the hypothesis that, in Vitis canes, inhibition of respiratory CO 2 efflux in response to high [CO 2 ] is an indirect consequence of non-photosynthetic carboxylation reactions, and not a result of inhibition of respiratory metabolism.
Adrenocortical function during pregnancy in the rhesus monkey.

SummaryPlasma concentrations of unconjugated 17-OHCS were determined in both pregnant and nonpregnant rhesus monkeys. No significant difference in corticoid levels was observed throughout gestation. The half-life of exogenous 4 C14 cortisol was increased during pregnancy, although not to the same degree as that observed in the humans.
Mexican-Origin People in the United States: A Topical History

Oscar J. Martinez's topical approach to Mexican American history provides a comprehensive overview of several aspects of Chicana/o history. The book is clearly written, well organized, and accessible. This is quite an accomplishment given the vast ground covered. Martinez sets out to provide a social, economic, and political overview of the major trends that have affected Mexicans and Mexican Americans in the United States.
Use and perception of herbal and dietary supplements in the Hutterites of South Dakota.

BACKGROUND South Dakota is home to 6,000 Hutterites, the largest population of Hutterites in the United States. Observation of frequent supplement use by this population prompted the current survey based study. Use of supplements is on the rise with around 53 percent of Americans reporting at least one herbal and dietary supplement (HDS). Use and perception of HDS has not previously been evaluated in the Hutterite population. METHODS Participants were 18 years of age and older and had to be present at the time of survey administration. Surveys were administered before and after an educational presentation at five colonies to volunteer participants. Survey data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and chi-square tests. RESULTS One-hundred and six surveys were completed with 81.1 percent being female. Approximately 78 percent reported using at least one type of HDS, with an average of 2.7 (SD = 1.4) supplements per person. Women were more likely to report supplement use than men. Hutterites reported they felt HDS were safer than prescription medications. Education was effective on some aspects such as telling their doctor if they are taking HDS. CONCLUSIONS Some study limitations included small sample size, possible lack of survey understanding, and the limited number of male participants. The frequency of HDS use in South Dakota Hutterites appears to be very high. Baseline knowledge on the safety and regulation of HDS reveals that education of this population is needed. Further investigation of HDS use in Hutterites is warranted.
The Myth of Performance for Parallel Machines

It has been a decade since the first CRAY-1 computer was delivered to Los Alamos National Laboratories in the U.S. in 1976. Vector processing is becoming common place for large scale scientific and engineering computations. The fact that IBM introduced their own vector unit for the Sierra series in 1985 is the ultimate acknowledgement that vector processing is an accepted standard mode of operation in the conventional camp.
Logically Consistent Money-neutral Models

The model of the previous chapter is invalid, due to the contradiction between Walras’ Law and the quantity equation. That problem can be solved by the introduction of the real balance effect. Let the purchasing power of money be defined as M*/p, which shall be referred to as real balances. In this section we shall assume that money is the only form in which people can accumulate and hold wealth. A more general treatment of wealth-holding will be presented in Chapter 7.
A Failed Peace: The Friendly Association and the Pennsylvania Backcountry during the Seven Years’ War

Scholars interested the complex, violent, and ultimately tragic relations between native peoples and colonists in eighteenth-century America could do worse than to examine the Friendly Association Papers at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. The Friendly Association was a Quaker organization dedicated to ending Indian attacks on Pennsylvania’s frontier by addressing native grievances over the loss of Indian lands to colonization. The association, which operated from 1755 to 1764, was supported by wealthy Philadelphia Quakers, most notably Israel Pemberton. The documents found in the Friendly Association col-lection reflect the myriad and conflicting responses of Friends, settlers, government officials, and the region’s native inhabitants to the violence that engulfed Pennsylvania’s backcountry during the Seven Years’ War.
Definability of Frobenius orbits and a result on rational distance sets

We prove that the first order theory of (possibly transcendental) meromorphic functions of positive characteristic $$p>2$$ is undecidable. We also establish a negative solution to an analogue of Hilbert’s tenth problem for such fields of meromorphic functions, for Diophantine equations including vanishing conditions. These undecidability results are proved by showing that the binary relation $$\exists s\ge 0, f=g^{p^s}$$ is positive existentially definable in such fields. We also prove that the abc conjecture implies a solution to the Erdos–Ulam problem on rational distance sets. These two seemingly distant topics are addressed by a study of power values of bivariate polynomials of the form F(X)G(Y).
The benefits of crops and field management practices to wintering waterbirds in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta of California.

Agricultural intensification has been a major factor in the loss of global biodiversity. Still, agricultural landscapes provide important habitat for many bird species, particularly in the Central Valley of California, USA, where >90% of the natural wildlife habitat has been lost. As wildlife professionals increasingly work with agricultural producers to promote ‘wildlife-friendly’ farming, it is important to understand the relative value of specific crops and field management practices to birds. The value to wintering waterbirds of seven treatments (crop and management practice combinations) across two crops (corn and winter wheat) was assessed at Staten Island in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta of the Central Valley. Significant variation in the relative abundance of waterbirds was found among management practices, and post-harvest flooding and chopping and rolling (mulching) of corn were most beneficial to waterbirds. As expected, most waterbirds were common in flooded treatments, but geese, cranes and long-legged waders also were numerous in some dry treatments. Our data suggest that a greater waterbird species richness and abundance can be achieved by maintaining a mosaic of dry and flooded crop types, varying water depths and continuing the chop-and-roll practice for flooded corn. The observed benefits of particular crops and field management practices in this study should aid in the development of incentive-based programs to improve the habitat value of other working lands both within, and outside, the Delta.
Spatiotemporal Assessment of CO2–Carbonic Acid System Dynamics in a Pristine Coral Reef Ecosystem, French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Observations of surface seawater fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) and pH were collected over a period of several days at French Frigate Shoals (FFS) in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) in order to gain an understanding of the natural spatiotemporal variability of the marine inorganic carbon system in a pristine coral reef ecosystem. These data show clear island-to-open ocean gradients in fCO2 and total alkalinity that can be measured 10–20 km offshore, indicating that metabolic processes influence the CO2–carbonic acid system over large areas of ocean surrounding FFS and by implication the islands and atolls of the NWHI. The magnitude and extent of this spatial gradient may be driven by a combination of physical and biogeochemical processes including reef water residence time, hydrodynamic forcing of currents and tidal flow, and metabolic processes that occur both on the reef and within the lagoon.
Using Rasch Analysis to Inform Rating Scale Development

The use of surveys, questionnaires, and rating scales to measure important outcomes in higher education is pervasive, but reliability and validity information is often based on problematic Classical Test Theory approaches. Rasch Analysis, based on Item Response Theory, provides a better alternative for examining the psychometric quality of rating scales and informing scale improvements. This paper outlines a six-step process for using Rasch Analysis to review the psychometric properties of a rating scale. The Partial Credit Model and Andrich Rating Scale Model will be described in terms of the pyschometric information (i.e., reliability, validity, and item difficulty) and diagnostic indices generated. Further, this approach will be illustrated through the example of authentic data from a university-wide student evaluation of teaching.
ACM Joint Task Force on Cybersecurity Education

In this special session, members of the ACM Joint Task Force (JTF) on Cybersecurity Education will provide an overview of the task force mission, objectives, and release a draft of the curricular guidelines. After the overview, task force members will engage session participants in the curricular development process and solicit feedback on the draft guidelines.
Cognitive Empathy Partially Mediates the Relationship between Childhood Physical Abuse and Borderline Personality Disorder Features in College Students

Among college students, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) features are prevalent and impairing. Different types of childhood maltreatment (CM) are associated with BPD features, though the type(s) of CM that is most robustly associated with BPD features and the mechanism by which CM leads to BPD features are not well-studied. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate which type(s) of CM was most robustly associated with BPD features and to test whether empathy, which is negatively correlated with CM, mediated the relationship between CM and BPD features in college students. Two thousand five hundred fifty-one undergraduate college students completed online self-report questionnaires measuring CM, empathy, and BPD features. A series of regression models were tested to explore relationships between types of CM and BPD features and CM, empathy and BPD features. Childhood physical abuse, but neither sexual abuse nor neglect, significantly predicted BPD features. Cognitive empathy partially mediated the relationship between childhood physical abuse and BPD features. These findings suggest childhood physical abuse is negatively associated with cognitive empathy, which in turn, is negatively associated with BPD features. Implications for treating BPD features in college students based on these findings are discussed.
Bisphosphonate therapy and osteogenesis imperfecta: The lived experience of children and their mothers.

Purpose Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a chronic, genetic condition frequently described as “brittle bones.” This condition is expressed by low bone density and characterized by frequent fractures with and without trauma. Additional symptoms include pain, altered growth, and challenges with mobility. This experience has a great impact on the daily life of the child diagnosed with OI and their family. With the introduction of bisphosphonate therapy children diagnosed with OI experienced an increase in bone density that included a change in symptoms and improvement in daily functioning. The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of children receiving bisphosphonate therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and their mothers. Design and Methods A phenomenological study was conducted using interviews with a purposive sample of six children diagnosed with OI and their six mothers (N = 12). Children ranged in age from 6 to 18 years. The Giorgi (2009) methodology was used to discover the meaning of living day to day since initiating the bisphosphonate infusion therapy. Results Four themes emerged from the synthesis of the meaning units that reflected the experience that bisphosphonate therapy had on daily life with OI. These four themes explicitly described the phenomena being studied and included living daily life in stride; normalcy is living with uncertainty; renewal with infusions; and making choices and living with the consequences. Practice Implications Nurses must take an active role in developing and promoting family-centered interventions for transition and support.
Indications of Endoscopy in the Obese Patient

Obesity increases the probability of many gastrointestinal conditions, from benign foregut pathology to colorectal cancer. Since colonoscopy is a standard screening test for colorectal cancer, the criteria for screening are well established and understood by the general medical community. Upper endoscopic indications, however, are not as readily known and are more dependent on a patient’s medical history and symptoms. This chapter will focus on understanding how obesity as an independent risk factor should affect our choice in performing upper and lower endoscopy, and its role in the management of bariatric patients.
Comparative Metabolomic Analyses of Ipomoea lacunosa Biotypes with Contrasting Glyphosate Tolerance Captures Herbicide-Induced Differential Perturbations in Cellular Physiology

Glyphosate-tolerant Ipomoea lacunosa is emerging as a problematic weed in the southeastern United States. Metabolomic profiling was conducted to examine the innate physiology and the glyphosate induced perturbations in two biotypes of I. lacunosa (WAS and QUI) that had contrasting glyphosate tolerance. Compared to the less tolerant QUI-biotype, the innate metabolism of the more tolerant WAS-biotype was characterized by a higher abundance of amino acids, and pyruvate; whereas the sugar profile of the QUI biotype was dominated by the transport sugar sucrose. Glyphosate application (80 g ae/ha) caused similar shikimate accumulation in both biotypes. Compared to QUI, in WAS, the content of aromatic amino acids was less affected by glyphosate treatment, and the content of Ala, Val, Ile, and Pro increased. However, the total sugars decreased by ∼75% in WAS, compared to ∼50% decrease in QUI. The innate, higher proportional abundance, of the transport-sugar sucrose in QUI coud partly explain the higher translocat...
Impact of temperature and hydraulic retention time on pathogen and nutrient removal in woodchip bioreactors

Abstract Woodchip denitrification bioreactors are an important edge-of-field practice for treating agricultural drainage; however, their ability to filter microbial pollutants has primarily been explored in the context of wastewater treatment. Upflow column reactors were constructed and tested for E. coli, Salmonella, NO3-N, and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 12 and 24 h and at controlled temperatures of 10 and 21.5 °C. Influent solution was spiked to 30 mg L−1 NO3-N, 2–8 × 105 E. coli and Salmonella, and 0.1 mg L−1 DRP. Microbial removal was consistently observed with removal ranging from 75 to 78% reduction at 10 °C and 90–96% at 21.5 °C. The concentration reduction ranged from 2.75 to 9.03 × 104 for both organisms. HRT had less impact on microbial removal than temperature and thus further investigation of removal under lower HRTs is warranted. Nitrate concentrations averaged 96% reduction (with load removal of 14.6 g N m−3 d−1) from 21.5 °C columns at 24 HRT and 29% reduction (with load removal of 8.8 g N m−3 d−1) from 10 °C columns at 12 HRT. DRP removal was likely temporary due to microbial uptake. While potential for removal of E. coli and Salmonella by woodchip bioreactors is demonstrated, system design will need to be considered. High concentrations of these microbial contaminants are likely to occur during peak flows, when bypass flow may be occurring. The results of this study show that woodchip bioreactors operated for nitrate removal have a secondary benefit through the removal of enteric bacteria.
Probing Anomalous Quartic Interactions at the LHC with proton tagging

One of the main goals of the Large Hadron Collider is to find signatures of physics Beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. One way to do this is by studying with high precision the interactions of the Standard Model. In this talk, we address the discovery potential of New Physics in the exclusive channel pp → p X p which relies on the general purpose detectors at the Large Hadron Collider and their respective forward proton detector stations, located at about ~ 210 m w.r.t. the interaction point. These reactions are highly sensitive to quartic electroweak gauge interactions. As a proof of concept, we discuss the exclusive diphoton production at high diphoton invariant mass. We quote sensitivities on the anomalous γγγγ coupling for an integrated luminosity of 300 fb1 at the center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV.We also discuss the discovery potential of 3γZ anomalous quartic gauge coupling by measuring the pp → p (γγ → Zγ )p reaction.
The potential for machine learning in hybrid QM/MM calculations.

Hybrid quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics (QM/MM) simulations are popular tools for the simulation of extended atomistic systems, in which the atoms in a core region of interest are treated with a QM calculator and the surrounding atoms are treated with an empirical potential. Recently, a number of atomistic machine-learning (ML) tools have emerged that provide functional forms capable of reproducing the output of more expensive electronic-structure calculations; such ML tools are intriguing candidates for the MM calculator in QM/MM schemes. Here, we suggest that these ML potentials provide several natural advantages when employed in such a scheme. In particular, they may allow for newer, simpler QM/MM frameworks while also avoiding the need for extensive training sets to produce the ML potential. The drawbacks of employing ML potentials in QM/MM schemes are also outlined, which are primarily based on the added complexity to the algorithm of training and re-training ML models. Finally, two simple illustrative examples are provided which show the power of adding a retraining step to such “QM/ML” algorithms.
Crowding: Effects on Health and Behavior

Crowding refers to negative psychological reactions to highly populated, or high-density, settings. Crowding is almost always an aversive experience. It includes feeling physically constrained and cramped, that others are too close, or that there is not enough elbow room and breathing space. People who experience chronic crowding can become psychologically demoralized, depressed, and anxious. Crowding is sometimes associated with negative social and biological reactions, such as social withdrawal and elevated blood pressure. The relation of high-density exposures to crowding and its consequences is variable and appears to depend on diverse social and personal factors.
Life events stress and psychosocial factors in men with peptic ulcer disease: A multidimensional case-controlled study

Abstract We carried out a case-controlled study of multiple psychological and social factors in 49 men with complicated or uncomplicated peptic ulcer disease. Thirty-two men with renal stones or gallstones and 20 healthy men served as controls. Ulcer patients and controls experienced a similar number of potentially stressful life events. However, ulcer patients perceived their events more negatively (p
Neurology of Speech and Language

Advances in brain imaging, neurophysiology, and computer analysis and modeling provide substantial recent advances in understanding the neurological basis of human language. The property of language, a phenomenon unique to human beings, has an increasingly identifiable underlying cerebral architecture, providing cogent models for understanding clinical and experimental paradigms. This chapter explores the neurological basis for language, reviewing different models and perspectives.
Philosophische Betrachtungen zur mikroelektronischen Revolution

Die mikroelektronische Revolution ist von epochaler Bedeutung. So scheint es jedenfalls in den Massenmedien und in den Untersuchungen und Voraussagen der Wissenschaft. Die bisher unlosbaren Probleme der Menschheit sollen uberwunden und die menschliche Lebensweise von Grund auf umgewandelt werden.1 Wie urteilt die Philosophie uber diesen letzten Abschnitt der modernen Technik? Es uberrascht vielleicht, wenn ich behaupte, das die Philosophie in der Begegnung mit der modernen Technik eher die Rolle des Angeklagten als die des Richters spielt. In den Vereinigten Staaten jedenfalls hat die vorherrschende Stromung in der Philosophie so gut wie nichts uber die Technik zu sagen.2 Das ist naturlich nicht die Folge eines einfachen Versehens. Es hangt vielmehr mit der eigentumlichen Weise zusammen, in der die Technik sowohl offensichtlich wie auch verborgen ist; und es hangt weiterhin zusammen mit der Annahme der gangigen Philosophie, das die Technik ein abgeleitetes Phanomen sei und sich von selbst erklare, sobald die fundamentalen philosophischen Probleme bereinigt seien. Diese Annahme steht selber, so scheint es mir, unter der Herrschaft der Technik. Aber diesen Vermutungen kann ich hier nicht nachgehen. Stattdessen nehme ich fur die vorliegenden Betrachtungen folgendes an: Die mikroelektronische Revolution hat tiefe Unruhe gestiftet und enorme Aufmerk-samkeit auf sich gelenkt, wahrend die Philosophie im offentlichen und nationalen Gesprach der Vereinigten Staaten kaum zu horen ist. Das kann vielleicht als Anstos dazu genugen, die mikroelektronische Revolution eigens zu bedenken.
Detailed Fetal Anatomic Ultrasound Examination: Effect of the 2014 Consensus Report on a Tertiary Referral Center

This study evaluates the impact of extended cardiac views on examination time, repeat imaging, and anomaly detection before and after implementation of 76811 guidelines (American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Consensus 2014). It is a retrospective study of singleton pregnancies undergoing detailed ultrasound imaging at 18 weeks' gestation or greater before and after the protocol change in an academic, tertiary care fetal center. Views required prior to 2014: 4-chamber, left outflow tract, right outflow tract. Additional views required after 2014: bicaval, aortic arch, 3-vessel, and 3-vessel trachea. Fetuses with known anomalies were excluded. Rates of detection of congenital heart disease (CHD), examination completion, repeat examination recommendation, fetal echocardiogram recommendation, completion by body mass index, and cardiac examination time were determined. Six hundred twenty-four subjects were included, 217 before and 407 after protocol change. Views obtained were as stated in the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine/Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine consensus. Detection of CHD was not improved. Examination times increased by 20% (6.4 vs 7.7 minutes, P < 0.05). Number of incomplete studies increased by 130% (11% to 26%, P < 0.05). Twice as many patients were referred for repeat examination (6% vs 13%, P < 0.05). Completion rates were negatively correlated with body mass index. Recommendations for fetal echocardiogram were unchanged (5% vs 6%, P = 0.6). Additional imaging did not increase detection rate of CHD (3% vs 2%, P = 0.3). Extended cardiac views resulted in increased examination time, more incomplete examinations, and more repeat examinations without changing detection rates of CHD.
Co-occurrence of chronic myeloid leukemia with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report of two cases

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have a higher risk of developing second primary solid tumor malignancies [1,2]. In addition to solid neoplasms, there is an increased incidence of h...
Remplissage: Expand the Arthroscopic Repair Spectrum

Humeral head defects (Hill-Sachs lesions) are common sequelae of glenohumeral instability and potentiate recurrence. Engaging Hill-Sachs lesions clearly increase risk of recurrent instability when not addressed surgically. Arthroscopic remplissage, in conjunction with Bankart repair, has proven to be a safe and effective means to treat anterior gelnohumeral instability. Remplissage, when executed properly, favorably alters the “glenoid track” and thus lessens the risk of glenohumeral engagement in abduction external rotation. Remplissage is a biologic tissue transfer that confers much less morbidity than glenoid bone grafting procedures (Latarjet), while demonstrating comparable efficacy.
Modeling the impact of make-ahead chemotherapy drug policies through discrete-event simulation

During an outpatient chemotherapy infusion visit, patients typically have blood work done, see their oncologist in the clinic, wait for the pharmacy to prepare their drugs, and receive their infusion. The time variability at each of these steps can introduce delays, which not only negatively impact the patient but propagate through the system to negatively impact other patients and staff as well. One major opportunity to reduce patient waiting time is by pre-mixing (i.e., making drugs before the patient arrives for their infusion appointment) at the pharmacy. This, however, requires careful consideration of the trade-off between time savings versus the potential cost of wasting a drug if the patients are deemed ineligible for treatment on the day of their appointment. We present a discrete-event simulation model to predict the effectiveness of various make-ahead drug policies utilizing data from our collaborators at the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center (UMRCC).
Association of Orthostatic Hypotension Timing With Clinical Events in Adults With Diabetes and Hypertension: Results From the ACCORD Trial

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of orthostatic hypotension (OH) measurement timing on its associations with dizziness, falls, fractures, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality. METHODS We analyzed OH measurements from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes BP trial, which evaluated two blood pressure (BP) goals (systolic BP [SBP] < 120 mm Hg vs. SBP < 140 mm Hg) and incident CVD among adults with diabetes and hypertension. Seated BP was measured after 5 minutes of rest at baseline and follow-up visits (12 months, 48 months, and exit). Standing BP was measured 3 consecutive times (M1-M3) after standing, starting at 1 minute with each measurement separated by 1 minute. Consensus OH was defined as a drop in SBP ≥ 20 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 10 mm Hg. Participants were asked about orthostatic dizziness, recent falls, and recent fractures, and underwent surveillance for CVD events and all-cause mortality. RESULTS There were 4,268 participants with OH assessments over 8,450 visits (mean age 62.6 years [SD = 6.6]; 46.6% female; 22.3% black). Although all measures of consensus OH were significantly associated with dizziness, none were associated with falls, and only M2 (~3 minutes) was significantly associated with fractures. No measurements were associated with CVD events, but later measurements were significantly associated with mortality. BP treatment goal did not increase risk of OH regardless of timing. Associations were not consistently improved by the mean or minimum of M1-M3. CONCLUSION In this population of adults with hypertension and diabetes, neither single time nor set of measurements were clearly superior with regard to outcomes. These findings support the use of a flexibly timed, single measurement to assess OH in clinical practice. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Trial Number NCT00000620.