cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduced gray matter volume in psychotic disorder patients with a history of childhood sexual abuse

article i nfo Childhood trauma Psychotic disorders Risk factors Gray matter Brain volume Voxel-based morphometry Sexual abuse Childhood trauma is associated with smaller gray matter volume, similar to the pattern seen in psychotic disorders. We explored the relationship between childhood abuse, psychosis, and brain volume in a group of 60 individuals with a psychotic disorder and 26 healthy control subjects. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to quantify gray and white matter volume and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to measure childhood abuse. Within the psychotic disorder group, total gray matter volume was inversely correlated with the severity of childhood sexual abuse (r=−.34, p=.008), but not the other types of abuse. When the 24 patientswithsexualabusewerecomparedwithdemographicallymatchedsamplesof23patientswithoutsexual abuse and 26 control subjects, only patients with a history of sexual abuse had reduced total gray matter volume (t(48)=2.3, p=.03; Cohen's d=.63). Voxel-based analysis revealed a cluster in the prefrontal cortex where volume was negatively correlated with sexual abuse severity. Voxel based comparison of the three matched groups revealed a similar pattern of results, with widespread reductions in psychosis patients with sexual abuse relative tocontrolsthatwere notfoundinpsychosispatientswithoutsexualabuse.These findings indicate that some of the variance of gray matter volume in psychotic disorders can be explained by a history of sexual abuse.
The effect of action video game experience on task-switching

There is now a substantial body of work demonstrating that action video game experience results in enhancements in a wide variety of perceptual skills. More recently, several groups have also demonstrated improvements in abilities that are more cognitive in nature, in particular, the ability to efficiently switch between tasks. We add to this body of work by demonstrating that the action video game player switch cost advantage generalizes to (1) vocal responses in addition to traditional manual responses, (2) tasks that are more cognitive rather than perceptual in nature, and (3) goal switches as well as motor switches. Finally, a training study establishes that the relationship between the reduction in switch cost and action game playing is causal.
The effect of temperature on agglutination activity of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) antiserum

. The effects of temperature on the activity of antisera from coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) and from rabbit were compared. Agglutination activity of salmon anti-Aeromonas salmonicida serum declined following incubation at 55°C whereas rabbit antiserum lost agglutination activity after incubation at 65°C.
Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance

The role that environmental contamination might play as a reservoir and a possible source of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for patients and personnel at equine veterinary hospitals remains undefined, as the environment has only been monitored during outbreaks or for short periods. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the monthly presence, distribution, and characteristics of environmental MRSA at an equine hospital, and to establish patterns of contamination over time using molecular epidemiological analyses. For this purpose, a yearlong active MRSA surveillance was performed targeting the environment and incoming patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, SCCmec typing, PFGE typing, and dendrographic analysis were used to characterize and analyze these isolates. Overall, 8.6% of the surfaces and 5.8% of the horses sampled were positive for MRSA. The most common contaminated surfaces were: computers, feed-water buckets, and surgery tables-mats. Ninety percent of the isolates carried SCCmec type IV, and 62.0% were classified as USA500. Molecular analysis showed that new pulsotypes were constantly introduced into the hospital throughout the year. However, maintenance of strains in the environment was also observed when unique clones were detected for 2 consecutive months on the same surfaces. Additionally, pulsotypes were circulating throughout several areas and different contact surfaces of the hospital. Based on these results, it is evident that MRSA is constantly introduced and frequently found in the equine hospital environment, and that some contact surfaces could act as “hot-spots”. These contaminated surfaces should be actively targeted for strict cleaning and disinfection as well as regular monitoring.
Tenderness and Juiciness of Turkey Roasts Cooked to Different Temperatures

Abstract BONELESS turkey rolls and roasts have been merchandised at an increasing rate during recent years. In 1964, more than 200 million pounds of turkeys (ready-to-cook weight) were further processed in the United States. A majority of these turkeys were utilized for raw and pre-cooked boneless rolls. This increase in utilization reflects a continued demand for products with greater convenience and ease of portion control as required for institutional use. Problems related to tenderness, binding capacity, and juiciness have occurred during the increase in production and distribution of turkey rolls. Tenderness in poultry meat is one of the most important attributes of quality. Koonz and Robinson (1946) reported that poultry meat becomes more tender with additional cooking. Goodwin et al. (1962) found that turkey meat cooked to only 55°C. was significantly less tender (higher shear values) than that cooked to 77°C. or higher. Rate of cooking, however, did not significantly affect …
A constitutive relation for rubber-like materials☆

Abstract As part of a study on stress and deformation analysis of high altitude balloons a new constitutive relation for rubber-like materials is developed. A survey of previously proposed elastic constitutive relations indicated that all are inadequate in representing the mechanical response throughout the entire range of deformations. Consequently, a constitutive relation, based on the work of previous investigators and experiments performed by the author on neoprene film, is proposed. It is shown that the new constitutive relation accurately represents the response throughout the entire range of deformations and is, in fact, a generalization of most earlier theories.
Visual Search Efficiency Is Greater for Human Faces Compared to Animal Faces

The Animate Monitoring Hypothesis proposes that humans and animals were the most important categories of visual stimuli for ancestral humans to monitor, as they presented important challenges and opportunities for survival and reproduction; however, it remains unknown whether animal faces are located as efficiently as human faces. We tested this hypothesis by examining whether human, primate, and mammal faces elicit similar searches, or whether human faces are privileged. In the first three experiments, participants located a target (human, primate, or mammal face) among distractors (non-face objects). We found fixations on human faces were faster and more accurate than fixations on primate faces, even when controlling for search category specificity. A final experiment revealed that, even when task-irrelevant, human faces slowed searches for non-faces, suggesting some bottom-up processing may be responsible for the human face search efficiency advantage.
A phase field model for the mixture of two incompressible fluids and its approximation by a Fourier-spectral method

Abstract A phase field model for the mixture of two incompressible fluids is presented in this paper. The model is based on an energetic variational formulation. It consists of a Navier–Stokes system (linear momentum equation) coupled with a Cahn–Hilliard equation (phase field equation) through an extra stress term and the transport term. The extra stress represents the (phase induced) capillary effect for the mixture due to the surface tension. A Fourier-spectral method for the numerical approximation of this system is proposed and analyzed. Numerical results illustrating the robustness and versatility of the model are presented.
“Your Kids or Your Job”: Navigating Low Wage Work and Parenting in Contexts of Poverty

Contexts of poverty seem to magnify vulnerabilities in mothers, especially women who have few resources for coping and little support in parenting. Adding to the challenges of poverty are government mandates to move women off of welfare into the workforce. Focusing on the experiences of four mothers who moved from welfare into the low-wage workforce and then back to unemployment, this study offers a description of how these mothers and their adolescent children navigate and make sense of low-wage work, family life, and cumulative disadvantage.
Controls of climate, topography, vegetation, and lithology on drainage density extracted from high resolution topography data

Summary Mark Melton in 1957 found that climate, basin morphometry, and surficial variables control drainage density ( D d ), but differences observed between field surveyed channels and those mapped on topographic contours or blue lines left doubts on these results. Later, several landscape evolution model and observational studies analyzed the behavior of D d . However, only a few studies have been performed over a large number of landscapes of different characteristics and have relied on high resolution topography data. We revisit Melton’s hypothesis by using meter-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) in 101 subbasins in the USA. We first propose a dimensionless drainage density ( D dd ) metric based on the ratio of likely channelized pixels to total number of basin pixels, which has the advantage of eliminating the computation of the channel network. Our analysis shows that D dd is a weak scaling function of the input DTM resolution compared to the classic dimensional D d metric (ratio of total channel length to total basin area). We analyze the correlation of D dd and mean annual precipitation (MAP) with a Gaussian mixture model which identifies two sub-groups displaying different correlation; negative in arid and semi-arid environments, and positive in humid environments. The transition in correlation is around 1100 ± 100 mm/yr of MAP and is accompanied by the occurrence of thick soil layers and high available water capacity that promote dense vegetation cover ( V cov ) and low D dd . While small variation in D dd is observed across vegetation types, increasing V cov corresponds to decreasing D dd . We also explore the relationship between D dd and relief R, and D dd and lithology. D dd and R are weakly correlated in arid and semi-arid environments, while they have strong positive correlation in humid environments. No significant correlation is found between D dd and lithology although the results are likely affected by our sample choice.
Social judgment in conceptually impulsive and reflective children.

Judgment displayed by individuals in situations involving common-sense reasoning ability might be evaluated by examining the Information and Comprehension subtests of the Wechsler intelligence scales (3). An Information score significaotly higher (two or more scaled scores) than the Comprehension score has been thought to be indicative of impaired judgment. Since impulsive responding may result in poor judgment in many social and academic situations, this diagnostic pattern was examined in cognitively impulsive and reflective
Signal Transudation Induced by Herbivores

Attacted by herbivores, different plants may induce different signal transudations to resist the herbivores. The octadecanoid pathway and salicylate pathway were discussed from aspects synthesis, the mechanism and interrelation. At last the complexity of signal transudations was explaned.
Analysis of Antibiotic Application in Inpatients of Our Hospital

Objective:To evaluate the use of antibiotics in our hospital. Methods:A total of 760 clinical records of discharged cases,10 records in each ward,were randomly selected from March to June of 2008. We made a retrospective investigation on the use of antibiotics in these records. Results:The application rate of antibiotics in our hospital reached 77.0%,among which 39.9% was used in combination of two drug regime and 9.0% was used in combination of three drug regime. Only 24.5% of cases had the specimens applied for aetiology examination. Conclusions:The prophylactic application rate of antibiotics in inpatients of our hospital as well as the postoperative use of antibiotics were both on the high level,while the rate of specimens applying for aetiology examination was on the low level. Therefore,it is urgent to strengthen the control on the rational use and standard management of antibiotics in our hospital.
Linking structure to function: The search for active sites in non-platinum group metal oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

Abstract Atomic-scale structures of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) active sites in non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) catalysts, made from pyrolysis of carbon, nitrogen, and transition-metal (TM) precursors have been the subject of continuing discussion in the fuel cell electrocatalysis research community. Quantum chemical modeling is one path forward for understanding of these materials and how they catalyze the ORR. We here demonstrate through literature examples of how such modeling can be used to better understand non-PGM ORR active site relative stability and activity and how such efforts can also aid in the interpretation of experimental signatures produced by these materials.
On silica-rich granitoids and their eruptive equivalents

![][1] Silica-rich granites and rhyolites are components of igneous rock suites found in many tectonic environments, both continental and oceanic. Silica-rich magmas may arise by a range of processes including partial melting, magma mixing, melt extraction from a crystal mush, and fractional crystallization. These processes may result in rocks dominated by quartz and feldspars. Even though their mineralogies are similar, silica-rich rocks retain in their major and trace element geochemical compositions evidence of their petrogenesis. In this paper we examine silica-rich rocks from various tectonic settings, and from their geochemical compositions we identify six groups with distinct origins. Three groups form by differentiation: ferroan alkali-calcic magmas arise by differentiation of tholeiite, magnesian calc-alkalic or calcic magmas form by differentiation of high-Al basalt or andesite, and ferroan peralkaline magmas derive from transitional or alkali basalt. Peraluminous leucogranites form by partial melting of pelitic rocks, and ferroan calc-alkalic rocks by partial melting of tonalite or granodiorite. The final group, the trondhjemites , is derived from basaltic rocks. Trondhjemites include Archean trondhjemites, peraluminous trondhjemites, and oceanic plagiogranites, each with distinct geochemical signatures reflecting their different origins. Volcanic and plutonic silica-rich rocks rarely are exposed together in a single magmatic center. Therefore, in relating extrusive complements to intrusive silica-rich rocks and determining whether they are geochemically identical, comparing rocks formed from the same source rocks by the same process is important; this classification aids in that undertaking. [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
CpG methylation of an endogenous retroviral enhancer inhibits transcription factor binding and activity

The endogenous retrovirus, intracisternal A-particle (IAP), is expressed at unique stages during murine embryogenesis and is also activated during the in vitro differentiation of F9 cells. We have examined the DNA elements and protein factors that control IAP expression during F9 differentiation. In the present study an IAP upstream enhancer (IUE) is identified by transient transfection assays and found to be active in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Further analyses reveal that a ubiquitous 65 kDa protein factor, the IUE binding protein (IUEB), binds with the IUE. Site-specific methylation within the IUEB binding site strongly inhibits both IUEB binding and IUE transcriptional activity, suggesting that methylation may regulate IUE function and IAP expression.
Water Rights and Law in Delaware

Shaped like a 130-mile long, jagged isosceles triangle, the State of Delaware is small, flat, and awash in water. Delaware has a variety of plentiful water resources that belie its modest size (only Rhode Island is smaller). The northern tip of the state lies in the Piedmont region and is characterized by a bed of crystalline rock that runs from New England to Alabama. Most of the state, however, is within the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, which is typically flat. Much like the state, water law in Delaware is not one thing or another but a hybrid of systems that reflect four hundred years of development and domestication.This article -- to be published in a forthcoming issue of the University of Denver Water Law Review -- surveys water law and rights in Delaware, and has three sections. The first provides a brief introduction to the role of water resources and the evolution of water rights law in Delaware. The second surveys Delaware water rights law, focusing on the processes and standards for obtaining a permit to use, withdraw, or divert water in the state. The third is an overview of some related aspects influencing water rights in Delaware, namely the Delaware Coastal Zone Act, and the Delaware River Basin Commission. The article concludes that water law and rights in Delaware comprises an amalgam of ordinary riparian rights and the natural flow doctrine that combines special provisions that reflect the state’s four-centuries of water law, coupled with recent legislative inventions to protect coastal areas, and a federal program designed to manage the Delaware River from the upper elevations of its headwaters in upstate New York to a submerged Cypress stand in Delaware’s southernmost reach, the state’s only remaining virgin forest.
Plasma Triggered Grain Coalescence for Self-Assembly of 3D Nanostructures

Grain coalescence has been applied in many areas of nanofabrication technology, including modification of thin-film properties, nanowelding, and self-assembly of nanostructures. However, very few systematic studies of self-assembly using the grain coalescence, especially for three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures, exist at present. Here, we investigate the mechanism of plasma triggered grain coalescence to achieve the precise control of nanoscale phase and morphology of the grain coalescence induced by exothermic energy. Exothermic energy is generated through etching a silicon substrate via application of plasma. By tuning the plasma power and the flow rates of reactive gases, different etching rates and profiles can be achieved, resulting in various morphologies of grain coalescence. Balancing the isotropic/anisotropic substrate etching profile and the etching rate makes it possible to simultaneously release 2D nanostructures from the substrate and induce enough surface tension force, generated by grain coalescence, to form 3D nanostructures. Diverse morphologies of 3D nanostructures have been obtained by the grain coalescence, and a strategy to achieve self-assembly, resulting in desired 3D nanostructures, has been proposed and demonstrated.
Shear Dependent LC Purification of an Engineered DNA Nanoswitch and Implications for DNA Origami

As DNA nanotechnology matures, there is increasing need for fast, reliable, and automated purification methods. Here, we develop UHPLC methods to purify self-assembled DNA nanoswitches, which are formed using DNA origami approaches and are designed to change conformations in response to a binding partner. We found that shear degradation hindered LC purification of the DNA nanoswitches, removing oligonucleotides from the scaffold strand and causing loss of function. However, proper choice of column, flow rate, and buffers enabled robust and automated purification of DNA nanoswitches without loss of function in under a half hour. Applying our approach to DNA origami structures, we found that ∼400 nm long nanotubes degraded under the gentlest flow conditions while ∼40 nm diameter nanospheres remained intact even under aggressive conditions. These examples show how fluid stresses can affect different DNA nanostructures during LC purification and suggest that shear forces may be relevant for some applications ...
Teleoperation of a Hydraulic Forklift from a Haptic Manipulator over the Internet

Abstract Remote operation of material handling equipment is of potential value when the proximity of the user is inconvenient or dangerous. Haptic feedback makes operation of this equipment more effective. The pervasive presence of the Internet makes it attractive to use it as a means of communication between the human operator and the remote device. This paper describes research underway to facilitate haptic feedback to the human operator in spite of the significant and variable delay of the Internet. An additional novelty of these experiments is the configuration of the remote device as a vehicle rather than a manipulator. The nature and role of the haptic interface, the material handling device and the wave variable treatment of the communication signal are summarized.
Abstract 20: Resident Cardiac Stem Cell Growth Determines the Number of Ventricular Cardiomyocytes in the Mouse Heart

The objective of this study was to determine the role of c-kit-positive cardiac stem cells (CSCs) in the formation of the heart during prenatal life, and immediately after birth. Mice in which EGFP is under the control of the c-kit-promoter were employed to measure the number of CSCs (Ns), the fraction of cycling MCM5-positive CSCs (f) and the length of the cell cycle (Ts) in CSCs. The number of CSCs committed to the myocyte lineage (LCC: lineage committed cells) included myocyte progenitors (c-kit-positive, Nkx2.5-positive cells), myocyte precursors (c-kit-positive, Nkx2.5-positive, and α-sarcomeric actin-positive cells) and replicating amplifying myocytes (c-kit-negative, Nkx2.5-positive, α-sarcomeric actin-positive, and MCM5-positive cells). These variables derived from CSC growth and lineage specification were evaluated to define the rate of formation of terminally differentiated myocytes (r). Based on a hierarchically structured cell organization, the rate of entry (Rs) of CSCs into the cell cycle was computed from Rs = f x (Ns/Ts), and the rate of generation of mature myocytes, r, was obtained from r = Rs x 2 Gt = ((f x Ns)/Ts) x 2 Gt . The exponent Gt defines the number of transit generations, i.e., the number of divisions that one CSC has to go through before it acquires the terminally differentiated myocyte phenotype. To validate this scenario and establish the number of post-mitotic myocytes formed, the primary data listed above were collected at E9, E14, E19 and P1. The number of mature cardiomyocytes generated by 1 CSC in 1 day was 1.1 x 10 3 , 20 x 10 3 , 501 x 10 3 , and 440 x 10 3 at E9, E14, E19 and P1, respectively. The total number of myocytes (Nm) formed from E9 to E14, E19 and P1 was derived from an exponential equation with the best fit to the experimental data: Nm = exp (0.69 x t) where Nm is the number of myocytes and t is time in days. Accordingly, CSCs generated 1 x 10 5 , 1 x 10 6 and 1.8 x 10 6 myocytes at from E9 to E14, E19 and P1, respectively. These values accounted for all parenchymal cells present at mid and late gestation and in the neonatal heart measured morphometrically. Thus, the expansion of the myocyte mass during embryonic, fetal and immediate postnatal development is controlled by activation, growth and differentiation of resident c-kit-positive CSCs.
Violence and Vigilance: The Acute Effects of Community Violent Crime on Sleep and Cortisol

The data combine objectively measured sleep and thrice-daily salivary cortisol collected from a 4-day diary study in a large Midwestern city with location data on all violent crimes recorded during the same time period for N = 82 children (Mage = 14.90, range = 11.27-18.11). The primary empirical strategy uses a within-person design to measure the change in sleep and cortisol from the person's typical pattern on the night/day immediately following a local violent crime. On the night following a violent crime, children have later bedtimes. Children also have disrupted cortisol patterns the following morning. Supplementary analyses using varying distances of the crime to the child's home address confirm more proximate crimes correspond to later bedtimes.
Accelerating Realtime TDDFT with Block-Orthogonalized Manby-Miller Embedding Theory

Realtime time-dependent density-functional theory (RT-TDDFT) is one of the most practical techniques available to simulate electronic dynamics of molecules and materials. Promising applications of RT-TDDFT to study nonlinear spectra and energy transport demand simulations of large solvated systems over long time scales, which are computationally quite costly. In this paper, we apply an embedding technique developed for ground-state SCF methods by Manby and Miller to accelerate realtime TDDFT. We assess the accuracy and speed of these approximations by studying the absorption spectra of solvated and covalently split chromophores. Our embedding approach is also compared with less accurate, less costly QM/MM charge embeddings. We find that by mixing levels of detail the embedded mean-field theory scheme is a simple, accurate, and effective way to accelerate RT-TDDFT simulations.
Role of Pentacoordinated Al3+ Ions in the High Temperature Phase Transformation of γ-Al2O3

In this work, the structural stability of γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) was investigated by a combination of XRD and high-resolution solid-state 27Al MAS NMR at an ultrahigh magnetic field of 21.1 T. XRD mea...
Interactive Room Capture on 3D-Aware Mobile Devices

We propose a novel interactive system to simplify the process of indoor 3D CAD room modeling. Traditional room modeling methods require users to measure room and furniture dimensions, and manually select models that match the scene from large catalogs. Users then employ a mouse and keyboard interface to construct walls and place the objects in their appropriate locations. In contrast, our system leverages the sensing capabilities of a 3D aware mobile device, recent advances in object recognition, and a novel augmented reality user interface, to capture indoor 3D room models in-situ. With a few taps, a user can mark the surface of an object, take a photo, and the system retrieves and places a matching 3D model into the scene, from a large online database. User studies indicate that this modality is significantly quicker, more accurate, and requires less effort than traditional desktop tools.
Interfacial transition zone of cement composites with steel furnace slag aggregates

Abstract As previous studies of mortar and concrete with steel furnace slag (SFS) aggregates have shown increases or decreases in the bulk mechanical properties, this study investigated the microstructural cause of these opposing trends through characterization of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) with quantitative image analysis of backscatter electron micrographs. Three SFS types – basic oxygen furnace (BOF), electric arc furnace (EAF), EAF/ladle metallurgy furnace (EAF/LMF) – were examined as aggregates in a portland cement mortar. The ITZ size for all SFS mortar mixtures was similar, with the ITZ of BOF and EAF/LMF being slightly more porous than mortar mixtures with EAF or dolomite. Microstructural examinations of the SFS particle revealed that BOF and EAF/LMF aggregates have different outer and interior compositions, with the outer composition consisting of a porous layer, which likely contributes to the reduced strength relative to EAF. The imaging results demonstrated that the type of SFS and its spatial composition greatly influences the bulk properties of mortar and concrete, mainly as a function of porosity content in the ITZ and the outer layer and interior porosity of the SFS aggregate.
Unipedal balance test for older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies providing normative data.

Abstract Background The unipedal balance test (UBT) is widely used with older adults, but interpreting performance on the test requires the availability of normative values. Objective To use meta-analysis to provide normative values for the UBT for adults ≥ 60 years. Data sources Electronic searches of PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus as well as hand searches. Study selection Inclusion required that articles provided means and standard deviations for UBT time for strata including at least 30 participants without pathology. Study appraisal and synthesis The two authors independently abstracted information on UBT procedures and performance. The Comprehensive Meta Analysis (3.0) program (random effects model) was used to consolidate UBT data from 23 articles. A custom six component (14 point) checklist was used to rate article quality. Results Meta-analysis showed the mean UBT time for 13,454 tested individuals to be 26.9 seconds. Times were longer for individuals who were younger, male, and allowed longer test durations (e.g. ≥ 120 seconds vs 30 seconds). Limitations Although the UBT norms presented herein provide a better estimate of normal performance than individual studies, differences between studies in age and gender strata and test durations limit the generalizability of some of the normative values generated using meta-analysis.
QTL mapping of pre-harvest sprouting resistance in a white wheat cultivar Danby

One major and three minor QTLs for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) were identified from a white wheat variety “Danby.” The major QTL on chromosome 3A is TaPHS1, and the sequence variation in its promoter region was responsible for the PHS resistance. Additive × additive effects were detected between two minor QTLs on chromosomes 3B and 5A, which can greatly enhance the PHS resistance. Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes significant losses in yield and quality in wheat. White wheat is usually more susceptible to PHS than red wheat. Therefore, the use of none grain color-related PHS resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is essential for the improvement in PHS resistance in white wheat. To identify PHS resistance QTLs in the white wheat cultivar “Danby” and determine their effects, a doubled haploid population derived from a cross of Danby × “Tiger” was genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing markers and phenotyped for PHS resistance in two greenhouse and one field experiments. One major QTL corresponding to a previously cloned gene, TaPHS1, was consistently detected on the chromosome arm 3AS in all three experiments and explained 21.6–41.0% of the phenotypic variations. A SNP (SNP−222) in the promoter of TaPHS1 co-segregated with PHS in this mapping population and was also significantly associated with PHS in an association panel. Gene sequence comparison and gene expression analysis further confirmed that SNP−222 is most likely the causal mutation in TaPHS1 for PHS resistance in Danby in this study. In addition, two stable minor QTLs on chromosome arms 3BS and 5AL were detected in two experiments with allele effects consistently contributed by Danby, while one minor QTL on 2AS was detected in two environments with contradicted allelic effects. The two stable minor QTLs showed significant additive × additive effects. The results demonstrated that pyramiding those three QTLs using breeder-friendly KASP markers developed in this study could greatly improve PHS resistance in white wheat.
The phosphorylation and isolation of two erythrocyte membrane proteins in vitro.

Abstract Two proteins of bovine erythrocyte ghost membrane have been phosphorylated with γ- 32 P-ATP and isolated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One of the two proteins (MW 98,000) has been identified here as the phosphorylated intermediate of the Na + + K + activated ATPase. The other phosphorylated protein (MW 220,000) is apparently unrelated to the Na-K ATPase, but may be involved in other energy requiring membrane processes.
A Low Cost Animation System Applied to Ray Tracing in Liquid Crystals

Animated movies of scientific graphics can be recorded on film with the low-cost system of hardware and software described here. The hardware consists of a 16mm camera, a stepper motor, and a simple cameramotor controller. The software is designed to produce bitmaps from graphical data, combine bitmaps into composite frames, and record frames onto film. The camera is fully controlled by the same graphics workstation that is used to display the images, so that fades and dissolves can be done by software with a camera not designed for such special effects. The graphical data generated on a supercomputer, is subsequently transferred to the workstation where it is stored and recorded frame-by-frame according to a configuration file. A variant of the software, which operates across local and wide area networks, makes use of network computing software to send computationally intensive tasks to a remote supercomputer or to other workstations in a distributed computing environment. We have used the system to simulate polarized light microscope images of liquid crystals according to a single-scattering ray-tracing theory.
Molecular basis of peripheral innocuous warmth sensitivity

The perception of innocuous warmth is a sensory capability that facilitates thermoregulatory, social, hedonic, and even predatory functions. It has long been recognized that innocuous warmth perception is triggered by activation of a subpopulation of specially tuned peripheral thermosensory neurons. In addition, there is growing evidence that thermotransduction by nonneuronal cells, such as skin keratinocytes, might contribute to or modulate our thermosensory experience. Yet, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying warmth transduction are only now being uncovered. Recent molecular genetics approaches have led to the identification of multiple candidate warmth-transducing molecules that appear to confer thermosensitivity upon innocuous warmth afferents and/or neighboring cell types. Most, but not all, of these candidate transducers are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family. Among the latter, evidence supporting a function in innocuous warmth sensation is strongest for TRPV1 and TRPM2 in mammals and for TRPA1 in nonmammalian species.
H-Bonding Organocatalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerization at Elevated Temperatures

The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) kinetics of e-caprolactone and lactide with various H-bonding organocatalysts, (thio)ureas paired with an amine cocatalyst, were evaluated at temperatures up to 110 °C. In nonpolar solvent, most cocatalyst systems exhibit decomposition at high temperatures, while only two, a monourea and bis-urea H-bond donor plus base cocatalyst, are stable up to 110 °C. The onset temperature of cocatalyst decomposition must be measured under reaction conditions. In polar solvent, when the more active imidate form of the (thio)urea is favored, most cocatalyst systems become thermally stable up to 110 °C, exhibiting linear Eyring behavior, including some that were unstable in toluene. The very progress of an ROP is shown to influence the nature of the catalysts as the solution polarity changes from highly polar (at 0% conversion) to less polar at full conversion. Activation parameters are discussed, and a mechanistic explanation of the observations is proposed.
The science literacy crisis, philosophical issues, and the origin sciences.

Since 1983, when the National Commission on Excellence in Education released its much-awaited report, A Nation at Risk, the United States has perceived itself to be in the midst of a serious education crisis. While nearly everyone is in agreement that most areas of the educational enterprise are in need of some revision and revitalization, problems related to science education have clearly received the lion's share of reform-minded attention. The present essay reviews the various symptoms of the so-called science literacy (education) crisis; speculates on the unique role that the philosophical underpinnings of the “cosmic” (Weisskopf, 1994) or origin sciences may play in these problems; and offers some suggestions as to how academic research scientists interested in these areas might more readily and effectively involve themselves in efforts to improve science education at all levels of the educational system.
Rolapitant Is a Reversible Inhibitor of CYP2D6.

Rolapitant [(Varubi), 5S,8S)-8-[[(1R)-1-[3,5 bis(trifluoromethyl phenyl]ethoxy]methyl]-8-phenyl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one] is a high-affinity NK1 receptor antagonist that was approved in September 2015 as a treatment for nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. In vivo rolapitant moderately inhibits CYP2D6 for at least 7 days after one 180 mg dose. Due to the long inhibition time, we investigated rolapitant as a possible mechanism-based inactivator of CYP2D6. Rolapitant docked in the active site of CYP2D6 and displayed type I binding to CYP2D6 with a K s value of 1.2 ± 0.4 µM. However, in NADPH-, time-, and concentration-dependent assays of CYP2D6 activity, no evidence for mechanism-based inactivation and no metabolites of rolapitant were observed. Stopped-flow binding studies yielded a kon /koff (K d) value of 6.2 µM. The IC50 value for rolapitant inhibition of CYP2D6 activity was 24 µM, suggesting that inhibition is not due to tight binding of rolapitant to CYP2D6. By Lineweaver-Burk analysis, rolapitant behaved as a mixed, reversible inhibitor. The K i values of 20 and 34 µM were determined by Dixon analysis, with bufuralol and dextromethorphan as reporter substrates, respectively, and drug-drug interaction modeling did not predict the reported in vivo inhibition. The interaction of rolapitant with CYP2D6 was also examined in 1 microsecond molecular dynamics simulations. Rolapitant adopted multiple low-energy binding conformations near the active site, but at distances not consistent with metabolism. Given these findings, we do not see evidence that rolapitant is a mechanism-based inactivator. Moreover, the reversible inhibition of CYP2D6 by rolapitant may not fully account for the moderate inhibition described in vivo.
Striatal Low-Threshold Spiking Interneurons Regulate Goal-Directed Learning.

Summary The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) is critically involved in motor control and reward processing, but the specific neural circuit mediators are poorly understood. Recent evidence highlights the extensive connectivity of low-threshold spiking interneurons (LTSIs) within local striatal circuitry; however, the in vivo function of LTSIs remains largely unexplored. We employed fiber photometry to assess LTSI calcium activity in a range of DMS-mediated behaviors, uncovering specific reward-related activity that is down-modulated during goal-directed learning. Using two mechanistically distinct manipulations, we demonstrated that this down-modulation of LTSI activity is critical for acquisition of novel contingencies, but not for their modification. In contrast, continued LTSI activation slowed instrumental learning. Similar manipulations of fast-spiking interneurons did not reproduce these effects, implying a specific function of LTSIs. Finally, we revealed a role for the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic functions of LTSIs in learning. Together, our data provide new insights into this striatal interneuron subclass as important gatekeepers of goal-directed learning.
Cyber Physical Systems and Smart Communities

In this talk I will present perspectives on the convergence of Cyber Physical Systems, Big Data, and Smart and Connected Communities with an emphasis on NSF activities Our vision is that Smart and Connected Communities is one in which the effective integration of data sources, networked computing systems, and sensors with people, decision-making, and physical infrastructure will enable more livable, workable, and sustainable communities-regardless of place or scale--broadly and inclusively improving quality of life for all citizens in a diverse and heterogeneous society. The impacts will be far reaching, with potentially transformative applications in areas including transportation, energy, health, environment, education, public safety, emergency response, and others. There is no smart city without people. SCC research is made more challenging by the need to not only embrace technology but the human side and economic principles. We are looking to specifically show that foundational research can make a difference - not only in the long term - perhaps 10 or so years - but can also have impact through pilots that demonstrate feasibility and suitability for deployment. SCC research must face the crucible of real world challenges to show significant quantitative impact and viability before the major deployment investments by municipal, state, regional, or National governments will take place. This is a very different research model. Finally in this talk we will provide some examples of past and current research projects in this area that are beginning to help us define a more comprehensive and longer term research agenda.
A Lasso-OLS Hybrid Approach to Covariate Selection and Average Treatment Effect Estimation for Clustered RCTs Using Design-Based Methods

Statistical power is often a concern for clustered RCTs due to variance inflation from design effects and the high cost of adding study clusters (such as hospitals, schools, or communities). While covariate pre-specification is the preferred approach for improving power to estimate regression-adjusted average treatment effects (ATEs), further precision gains can be achieved through covariate selection once primary outcomes have been collected. This article uses design-based methods underlying clustered RCTs to develop a Lasso-OLS hybrid procedure for the post-hoc selection of covariates and ATE estimation that avoids model overfitting and lack of transparency. In the first stage, lasso estimation is conducted using cluster-level averages, where asymptotic normality is proved using a new central limit theorem for finite population regression estimators. In the second stage, ATEs and design-based standard errors are estimated using weighted least squares with the first stage lasso covariates. This nonparametric approach applies to continuous, binary, and discrete outcomes. Simulation results indicate that Type 1 errors of the second stage ATE estimates are near nominal values and standard errors are near true ones, although somewhat conservative with small samples. The method is demonstrated using data from a large, federally funded clustered RCT testing the effects of school-based programs promoting behavioral health.
Pubertal recalibration of cortisol-DHEA coupling in previously-institutionalized children

Abstract As a period of heightened plasticity, puberty may provide a window of opportunity for recalibration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to current conditions. Our group has recently documented evidence for pubertal recalibration of HPA axis reactivity among children internationally adopted as infants from institutions into supportive, well-resourced homes. As a first step at examining potential mechanisms by which puberty may facilitate recalibration of the HPA axis, the current study assessed whether previously-institutionalized (PI) children differed from non-adopted (NA) comparison children in levels of the adrenal steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and in its intra-individual covariation (coupling) with cortisol by adrenal pubertal stage. In an accelerated longitudinal design, 7- to 15-year-olds completed up to 3 annual assessments, which included nurse-conducted pubertal staging and the Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-M). Adrenal (pubic hair) rather than gonadal pubertal stage scores were used in the analysis. Paired salivary cortisol-DHEA samples were available at 60–80 min post-TSST-M. NA and PI children did not differ in DHEA levels, which were higher among children at more advanced pubertal stages (averaged across the sessions) for both groups. For NA children, post-stressor cortisol and DHEA were positively coupled across sessions at all average adrenal pubertal stages. For PI children who were, on average, at earlier adrenal pubertal stages, post-stressor cortisol and DHEA were not coupled, but PI children who were at later pubertal stages demonstrated positive cortisol-DHEA coupling similar to that of the NA children. We suggest that these findings provide insights into processes which may underlie pubertal recalibration of the HPA axis.
Efficacy of GLP-1 Agonist Therapy in Autosomal Dominant WFS1-Related Disorder: A Case Report.

Background: Wolfram syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the presence of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural deafness. The majority of cases are due to autosomal recessive biallelic variants in the WFS1 gene; however, pathogenic autosomal dominant (AD) mutations have also been described. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) agonists have been studied in both animal models and humans with classic Wolfram syndrome. Case: We present a 15-year-old female with a personal and family history of congenital strabismus, bilateral cataracts, low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, and diabetes mellitus. Trio whole exome sequencing revealed a previously unknown maternally inherited heterozygous variant in exon 8 of the WFS1 gene c.2605_2616del12 p .Ser869_His872del, leading to the diagnosis of AD WFS1-related disorder. Treatment with a GLP-1 agonist resulted in marked improvement in glycemic control and discontinuation of insulin therapy. This patient’s response to a GLP-1 agonist provides suggestive indirect evidence for a role of WFS1 on β-cell endoplasmic reticulum stress and suggests that treatment with a GLP-1 agonist should be considered in patients with dominant forms of WS.
Whores of the Court: The Fraud of Psychiatric Testimony and the Rape of American Justice

A scathing expose of the fraud inherent in the use of "expert" psychological testimony in the courtroom. From the high-profile murder trials of the Menendez brothers and Jeffrey Dahmer to personal injury, product liability and child custody cases, lawyers across the country have increasingly turned to "expert" testimony from psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers to influence the decisions of judges and juries. Psychologist Margaret Hagen, a professor and medical industry insider, details the very real danger of this booming business. In every state, a child can be taken away from a parent on the strength of five minutes of "neutral" testimony from a social worker. A criminal suspect's freedom or incarceration can depend on a superficial psychological examination performed by an incompetent, overworked, or, at worst, paid-off psychologist. Parole hearings hinge on the testimony of similarly incomplete or fraudulent evaluations, allowing "rehabilitated" violent criminals back onto the street to commit more heinous crimes, with no accountability for the reviewing "expert." Unmasking some legal psycho-expertise as a total fraud, Dr. Hagen instructs readers to protect themselves and their families from being victimized by psychological testimony in the courtroom. In today's frenzied legal climate, her insight and wisdom make for provocative, compelling and invaluable reading."This sizzling expose by a courageous psychological scientist shines a brilliant light on the incalculable harm done to millions of Americans by the purveyors of psychological pseudoscience who have invaded our courtrooms."--Elizabeth Loftus, Ph.D., author of "The Myth of Repressed Memory" and "EyewitnessTestimony"