cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential inhibition of macrophage activation by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Pichinde virus is mediated by the Z protein N-terminal domain

Several arenavirus pathogens, such as Lassa and Junin viruses, inhibit macrophage activation, the molecular mechanism of which is unclear. We show that lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) can also inhibit macrophage activation, in contrast to Pichinde and Tacaribe viruses, which are not known to naturally cause human diseases. Using a recombinant Pichinde virus system, we show that the LCMV Z N-terminal domain (NTD) mediates the inhibition of macrophage activation and immune functions.
LITTORAL TRANSPORT AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS

The littoral transport rates in the Great Lakes were obtained two distinctly different ways, long-term averages from drift accumulations and hourly averages were measured vn the St Clair River which reaevoes sand from Lake Huron beaches Statistical analysis of both the recorded energy elements and measured sediment transport rates indicates that a combination of energy elements and environmental factors consisting of wave power and duration, current speed, and length of shoreline produces the best correlation with the transport rate Dimensional analysis expands the process-response model by including sediment-size and specific-weight parameters.
Waist-to-Hip Ratio versus Body Mass Index as Predictor of Obesity-Related Pregnancy Outcomes.

Objective In nonpregnant populations the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is a better predictor of obesity-related outcomes than body mass index (BMI). Our objective was to determine, in pregnancy, the relationship between these measures of obesity, and large-for-gestational age (LGA) and cesarean delivery (CD). Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from the Combined Antioxidant and Preeclampsia Prediction Study. Women with a WHR of ≥ 0.85 and 0.80 to 0.84 at 9 to 16 weeks gestation were compared with those with a WHR 90% by Alexander nomogram. Univariable analysis, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used. Results Data from 2,276 women were analyzed. After correcting for potential confounders, only BMI ≥ 30 was significantly associated with LGA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.07, 1.35–3.16) while BMI 25.0–29.9 (aOR: 1.5, 0.98–2.28), WHR 0.8–0.84 (aOR: 1.33, 0.83–2.13), and WHR ≥ 0.85 (aOR: 1.05, 0.67–1.65) were not. Risk for CD was increased for women with elevated WHR and with higher BMI compared with normal. Conclusion WHR is not associated with LGA. While BMI performed better than WHR, neither was a strong predictor of LGA or need for CD in low-risk nulliparous women.
The Lawyer as Composer: Composing Law

The most common meaning of the word compose is to create. Lawyers must be composers. They need to perform and practice. They need to reflect upon how the various aspects of composition apply in their professional lives and learn how to resolve the deeper paradoxes of composition.
Data-driven atomic decomposition via frequency extraction of intrinsic mode functions

Decomposition of functions in terms of their primary building blocks is one of the most fundamental problems in mathematical analysis and its applications. Indeed, atomic decomposition of functions in the Hardy space H^p for 0<p≤1 as infinite series of “atoms” that have the property of vanishing moments with order at least up to 1 / p has significant impacts, not only to the advances of harmonic and functional analyses, but also to the birth of wavelet analysis, which in turn allows the construction of sufficiently large dictionaries of wavelet-like basis functions for the success of atomic decomposition of more general functions or signals, by such mathematical tools as “basis pursuit” and “nonlinear basis pursuit”. However, such dictionaries are necessarily huge for atomic decomposition of real-world signals. The spirit of the present paper is to construct the atoms directly from the data, without relying on a large dictionary. Following Gabor, the starting point of this line of thought is to observe that “any” signal a can be written as a(t)=A(t)cosϕ(t) via complex extension using the Hilbert transform. Hence, if a given signal f has been decomposed by whatever available methods or schemes, as the sum of sub-signals f_k, then each sub-signal can be written as f_k(t)=Ak(t)cosϕ_k(t). Whether or not f_k is an atom of the given signal f depends on whether any of the sub-signals f_k can be further decomposed in a meaningful way. In this regard, the most popular decomposition scheme in the current literature is the sifting process of the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), where the sub-signals f_k are called intrinsic mode functions (IMF’s). The main contribution of our present paper is firstly to demonstrate that IMF’s may not be atoms, and secondly to give a computational scheme for decomposing such IMF’s into finer and meaningful signal building blocks. Our innovation is to apply the signal separation operator (SSO), introduced by the first two authors, with a clever choice of parameters, first to extract the instantaneous frequencies (IF’s) of each IMF obtained from the sifting process, and then (by using the same parameters for the SSO, with the IF’s as input) to construct finer signal building blocks of the IMF. In other words, we replace the Hilbert transform of the EMD scheme by the SSO in this present paper, first for frequency extraction, and then for constructing finer signal building blocks. As an example, we consider the problem in super-resolution of separating two Dirac delta functions that are arbitrarily close to each other. This problem is equivalent to finding the two cosine building blocks of a two-tone signal with frequencies that are arbitrarily close. While the sifting process can only yield one IMF when the frequencies are too close together, the SSO applied to this IMF extracts the two frequencies and recover the two cosine building blocks (or atoms). For this reason, we coin our scheme of sifting + SSO as “superEMD”, where “super” is used as an abbreviation of super-resolution.
Tet-On lentiviral transductants lose inducibility when silenced for extended intervals in mammary epithelial cells

Silencing of virally transduced genes by promoter methylation and histone deacetylation has been a chronic problem both experimentally and therapeutically. We observed frequent silencing of the tetracycline-inducible Tet-On promoter borne by the Tripz lentivirus in mammary epithelial cell lines. We found that silencing could be prevented by continuous induction, but uninduced Tet-On gradually became uninducible, suggesting promoter modification. Accordingly, silencing was reversible by a common inhibitor of histone deacetylases, sodium butyrate. The effect was cell-line dependent, as HEK293 cells exhibited only moderate silencing that could be partly reversed by extended induction. These results indicate the need to test individual cell lines prior to using this system for studies that require induction after long periods of repression such as in animal models or RNA interference screens.
Fungal mutualists enhance growth and phytochemical content in Echinacea purpurea

An emerging paradigm in sustainable biotechnique is the use of mutualists to enhance plant growth and secondary metabolism. Our objective was to determine impact of two groups of fungal mutualists on growth and phytochemistry of Echinacea purpurea. Growth, development, and phytochemical concentration were measured in greenhouse-grown 12-week-old plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Rhizophagus intraradices and Gigaspora margarita) or the endophytic entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana. In one experiment, all measured growth parameters were increased in mycorrhizal plants. Biomass of AMF-colonized plants was over 13-fold greater than non-mycorrhizal controls receiving the same levels of phosphorous, and over 4-fold greater than non-mycorrhizal controls given additional phosphorous. Endophytic colonization by B. bassiana had minor effects on growth. Colonization by AMF and B. bassiana alone or in combination altered concentrations of phytochemicals (pigments, polyphenolics, alkylamides, and terpenes). Mycorrhizal plants produced up to 4.6-fold higher concentration of polyphenolics. Specific alkylamides increased 1.7 fold in plants colonized only with B. bassiana and up to a 2.4-fold increase in plants colonized by both mutualists. Changes in other phytochemical classes were related to differences in plant size induced by AMF. Phytochemical content (concentration × biomass) was increased up to 30-fold in mycorrhizal plants. Phytochemical relationships to plant biomass were confirmed in a second experiment in which non-mycorrhizal plants were fertilized to produce biomass equivalent to that of mycorrhizal plants. Based on this study, mycorrhizal colonization of E. purpurea enhances phytochemical content; this has major implications for the natural product industries and growers of E. purpurea.
Minimally-invasive liver resection in pediatric patients: initial experience and outcomes.

Background Minimally Invasive Liver Resection (MILR) is an evolving procedure in the adult population for benign and malignant lesions, offering less morbidity while maintaining acceptable outcomes. However, there lacks a published MILR experience in the pediatric population besides case reports. This report describes a pediatric MILR experience in terms of pathology, clinical specifics, and patient outcomes.
Bacterial Laryngotracheitis and Associated Upper Airway Obstruction A Case Series

Background:Iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) continues to be a known complication of indwelling endotracheal tubes (ETTs). It is well established that secondary scar formation caused by inf...
INVESTIGATION OF DISINFECTION AND ISOLATION OF THE SECOND LEVEL HOSPITALS IN JIADING DISTRICT OF SHANGHAI

Objective To know the current work status of disinfection and isolation of the second level hospitals in a certain district of Shanghai in order to improve the management level of hospital disinfection.Methods Field review and sampling examination method were used to investigate and monitor disinfection and isolation work status of 5 second level hospitals in the area.Results The management organization of hospital infection and the disinfection and isolation system of all the second level hospitals in the area were perfect.The average total qualified rate of disinfection efficacy of monitoring was 89.72%.The qualified rates of indoor air,disinfectants in use,sterile medical articles were 100% and those of surface,hands of health care staff,disinfection supplies that contact with the mucosa were 86.44%,87.80%,80.00% respectively.Conclusion The nosocomial infection management and disinfection isolation management in the second hospitals in this area basically meet the requirement and the disinfection qualities are good.
Antimicrobial Effect of Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene on Staphylococcus aureus1

The antimicrobial effect of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on three enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI) was evaluated by turbidity measurements. Also, the interaction of these compounds with pH and NaCl on growth of S. aureus strain 100 was measured. Inhibition of S. aureus growth increased with an increase in the concentration of BHA and/or BHT. Complete inhibition of S. aureus growth occurred in BHI with 1.12 μmole of BHA/ml or 0.70 μmole of BHT/ml as well as with a combination of 0.25 μmole of both BHT and BHA/ml. Inhibition of S. aureus growth by BHA or BHT was substantial at pH 7.0 and with 2% NaCl. When 0.84 μmole or greater of BHA/ml and 0.47 μmole or greater of BHT/ml were added to BHL, growth of S. aureus 100 was inhibited to the extent that enterotoxin A could not be detected after 24 h of incubation.
Biceps Tenodesis Augmenting Repair

The massive rotator cuff tear is a challenging problem for the shoulder surgeon [1–3]. Large and massive tears include multiple rotator cuff tendons with varying degrees of retraction [4]. Treatment of multitendon tears may result in a residual defect following arthroscopic or open repair [5–7].
Why Study History for Science

David Hull has demonstrated a marvelous ability to annoy everyone who caresabout science (or should), by forcing us to confront deep truths about howscience works. Credit, priority, precularities, and process weave together tomake the very fabric of science. As Hull's studies reveal, the story is bothmessier and more irritating than those limited by a single disciplinaryperspective generally admit. By itself history is interesting enough, andphilosophy valuable enough. But taken together, they do so much in tellingus about science and by puncturing the comfortable popular illusion abouthow science works. Ultimately, David Hull shows by his example thathistory and philosophy of science can make science better. I agree, and withits focus on the history of science in particular, this paper explores why.
Rotator cuff muscle degeneration and tear severity related to myogenic, adipogenic, and atrophy genes in human muscle.

Large rotator cuff tear size and advanced muscle degeneration can affect reparability of tears and compromise tendon healing. Clinicians often rely on direct measures of rotator cuff tear size and muscle degeneration from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine whether the rotator cuff tear is repairable. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between gene expression changes in rotator cuff muscle degeneration to standard data available to clinicians. Radiographic assessment of preoperative rotator cuff tear severity was completed for 25 patients with varying magnitudes of rotator cuff tears. Tear width and retraction were measured using MRI, and Goutallier grade, tangent (tan) sign, and Thomazeau grade were determined. Expression of myogenic-, adipogenic-, atrophy-, and metabolism-related genes in biopsied muscles were correlated with tear width, tear retraction, Goutallier grade, tan sign, and Thomazeau grade. Tear width positively correlated with Goutallier grade in both the supraspinatus (r=0.73) and infraspinatus (r=0.77), along with tan sign (r=0.71) and Thomazeau grade (r=0.68). Decreased myogenesis (Myf5), increased adipogenesis (CEBPα, Lep, Wnt10b), and decreased metabolism (PPARα) correlated with radiographic assessments. Gene expression changes suggest that rotator cuff tears lead to a dramatic molecular response in an attempt to maintain normal muscle tissue, increase adipogenesis, and decrease metabolism. Fat accumulation and muscle atrophy appear to stem from endogenous changes rather than from changes mediated by infiltrating cells. Results suggest that chronic unloading of muscle, induced by rotator cuff tear, disrupts muscle homeostasis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Conventional and Unconventional Perspectives on Attachment and Attachment Problems: Comparisons and Implications, 2006–2016

A task force report published 10 years ago (Chaffin et al., Child Maltreatment 11:76–89, 2006) cautioned strongly against potentially harmful unconventional principles and practices related to assessment and treatment of childhood attachment problems. In an exploration of changes over a decade in such assessment and treatment, the present paper reports results of a search for material about attachment problems in children done by means of Academic Search Complete and Google, and by examination of specific websites. The paper examines print and Internet publications on both conventional and unconventional approaches to attachment problems as they have appeared since the 2006 report. The contrast between conventional and unconventional perspectives remained at least as clear in 2016 as it was in 2006. Changes in conventional views of assessment, treatment, research, and theory about attachment have apparently had little influence on unconventional approaches, nor has the reverse occurred. Most of the principles and practices against which Chaffin et al. warned remain in place and may influence families and some mental health professionals. Understanding the contrast between the two perspectives, and the continuing possible effect of unconventional methods, can be advantageous for psychologists and social workers working with children or parents and for those involved with the courts.
Effect of early grade retention on school completion: A prospective study.

This 14 year prospective study investigated the effect of retention in grades 1-5 on high school completion (diploma, GED, or drop out). Participants were 734 (52.7% males) ethnically diverse, academically at-risk students recruited from Texas schools into the study when they were in first grade (mean age = 6.57). Propensity score weighting successfully equated the 256 retained students and the 478 students continuously promoted students on 65 covariates assessed in grade 1. At the end of 14 years, 477 had earned a diploma, 21 had obtained a GED, 110 had dropped out, and 126 were missing school completion status. Using multinomial logistic regression with high school graduation as the reference outcome, retention led to a significant increase in the likelihood of dropping out of high school (odds ratio = 2.61), above students' propensity to be retained and additional covariates. The contrast between graduation and GED outcomes was not significant. A significant Retention X Ethnicity X Gender interaction was obtained: The negative effect of retention was strongest for African American and Hispanic girls. Even though grade retention in the elementary grades does not harm students in terms of their academic achievement or educational motivation at the transition to high school, retention increases the odds that a student will drop out of school before obtaining a high school diploma.
Exploring overparenting in summer camp: adapting, developing, and implementing a measure.

This study explores the development and validation of a measure of overparenting (OP) within a common youth leisure context, residential summer camp. A sample of 1140 parents (primarily mothers (89...
Optimal Tikhonov regularization for DEER spectroscopy.

Abstract Tikhonov regularization is the most commonly used method for extracting distance distributions from experimental double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy data. This method requires the selection of a regularization parameter, α , and a regularization operator, L. We analyze the performance of a large set of α selection methods and several regularization operators, using a test set of over half a million synthetic noisy DEER traces. These are generated from distance distributions obtained from in silico double labeling of a protein crystal structure of T4 lysozyme with the spin label MTSSL. We compare the methods and operators based on their ability to recover the model distance distributions from the noisy time traces. The results indicate that several α selection methods perform quite well, among them the Akaike information criterion and the generalized cross validation method with either the first- or second-derivative operator. They perform significantly better than currently utilized L-curve methods.
Glucose Tolerance is Linked to Postprandial Fuel Use Independent of Exercise Dose.

Purpose The optimal short-term exercise dose to improve glucose tolerance in relation to metabolic flexibility and/or insulin resistance is unknown. Therefore, we tested if short-term, work-matched continuous (CONT) versus interval (INT) exercise training improves glucose tolerance in part by reducing insulin resistance and increasing metabolic flexibility independent of clinically meaningful fat loss in adults with prediabetes. Methods Subjects (age = 60.9 ± 1.4 yr, body mass index = 33.5 ± 1.1 kg·m) were screened for prediabetes using the American Diabetes Association criteria (75 g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] and/or HbA1c) and were randomized to 60 min·d of supervised CONT (n = 17, 70% HRpeak) or work-matched INT (n = 14; 90% HRpeak for 3 min and 50% HRpeak for 3 min) exercise for 12 bouts. Fitness (V˙O2peak) and body composition were assessed pre- and postintervention. A 180-min 75-g OGTT was performed, and glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids were collected to calculate glucose tolerance (tAUC180min) and whole-body as well as adipose tissue insulin resistance pre- and postintervention. RER (indirect calorimetry) was also measured at 0, 60, 120, and 180 min of the OGTT to assess fasting and postprandial metabolic flexibility. Results CONT and INT training improved V˙O2peak (L·min; P = 0.001) and glucose tolerance (P = 0.01) and reduced fasting RER (P = 0.006), as well as whole-body and adipose insulin resistance (both P = 0.02) with no effect on body fat (P = 0.18). Increased postprandial RER was correlated with reduced glucose tAUC180min (r = -0.38, P = 0.05) and increased 180-min RER related to decreased whole-body insulin resistance (r = -0.42, P = 0.03). Conclusion Independent of exercise dose and fat loss, short-term training improves glucose tolerance in relation to enhanced postprandial fuel use.
Virtual Humans: Evolving with Common Sense

While the quality and robustness of animation techniques for virtual human have improved greatly over the past couple of decades, techniques for improving their intelligence have not kept pace. Ideally, agents would be smart without being all-knowing and their future behaviors would be affected by their acquired knowledge just as with their real human counterparts. In this paper we present a method that uses commonsense knowledge to establish a baseline of concepts and relationships between objects. An agent then learns environment specific knowledge through its own perception and communication with other agents. Ultimately, agents’ commonsense knowledge is then refined by their own experiences.
Einstein Politicized: The Early Reception of Relativity in Italy

In Italy as elsewhere amid the turbulence following World War I, the reception of Einstein’s theories of relativity took on distinctive political colorings in certain settings. This paper analyzes two such episodes. The first focuses on the language used in scientists’ writings, for audiences wider than the community of practitioners; about what had earlier been termed a “revolutionary” theory in the context of the new climate of revolution in postwar society and politics. Stalking the metaphors they used, such as revolution and evolution, destruction and construction, facilitates understanding of the variety of impacts of relativity within the scientific community, especially on scientists’ views of the relation of theory to experiment and the nature of scientific growth and change. Scientists’ publicly expressed opinions of scientific development were transformed by the postwar political situation from an easy acceptance of revolutionary change in science to a rejection of it and an adherence to an evolutionary, progressive view. Furthermore, this new gradualist view stimulated the doing of science: the mathematical physicist Tullio Levi-Civita wrote what became an influential paper in all Latin countries, entitled, “How a conservative could reach the threshold of the new mechanics.”
Butyrylcholinesterase in Alzheimer’s Disease

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, EC.3.1.1.8) is a hydrolytic enzyme of unknown function. Although it is usually considered in conjunction with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), BChE is the product of a different gene, has a much more restricted distribution in the mammalian brain and has no major role in conventional cholinergic neurotransmission. It is now definitively established that the two histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques, display intense BChE enzyme activity (Mesulam et al., 1987; Mesulam and Moran, 1987).
Palisade Systems: New Markets for Internet Security Products

This case study describes the experience of an Internet security product development company. Terrorism, fraud, and related regulatory changes have created new market opportunities for these products. The purpose of the case is to identify a strategic direction which will allow this successful technology company to successfully take advantage of these current opportunities.
Peritoneal Access in Children Receiving Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the initial dialytic modality for many children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This is especially true for children who have acquired ESRD during their first decade of life [1]. Data from the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies (NAPRTCS) reveals that of the 6,491 dialysis initiations entered into the dialysis registry between 1992 and 2008, more than 60% were for PD [2]. Reasons for the preferential selection of PD in children have included its ability to greatly reduce the need for dietary restrictions, its simplicity of operation, the lack of a need for routine blood access, and the ability of the child to attend school on a regular basis.
Addendum to “Geometric invariant theory and Einstein–Weyl geometry” [Expo. Math. 29 (2) (2011) 220–230]

Abstract In this short note, we show the equivalence of the two seemingly different minitwistor space constructions of the author and N. Honda. So that this links the two articles (Honda, 2010; Kalafat, 2011) and finalizes our work.
Synchronization-Free and Low Power TDOA for Radio Based Indoor Positioning

In this paper, we propose a method to calculate time difference of arrival values between a signal source and several transceivers without the need to synchronize any clocks. The method is allowing the signal source to operate on very low power because it does not need to receive but only has to send short pulses. We derive this new method from an existing protocol, called Whistle, and show how our improvements reduce its error to make the method suitable for radio-based applications. We present a theoretical analysis as well as simulations and first results of an implementation.
Vacuum thermal dealloying of magnesium-based alloys for fabrication of nanoporous refractory metals

A specialized dealloying technique called thermal dealloying was developed over 10 years ago for certain biomedical materials. This method is not widely used for synthesizing nanoporous metals. However, it offers advantages over conventional dealloying processes for fabrication of nanoporous structures, and is highly suitable for refractory metals that may be susceptible to oxidation during chemical/electrochemical dealloying and liquid metal dealloying. In this study, nanoporous structures were successfully fabricated from magnesium-based precursor alloys via sublimation of magnesium at elevated temperature under vacuum conditions. Different refractory metal diffusion rates affect the resulting density and amount of retained magnesium in each nanoporous material.
Artificial disc replacement in spine surgery

Total disc replacement (TDR) is an innovative procedure that has gained traction in spine surgery. A large amount of data in the literature report on the short-term outcomes of TDR surgery favorably. However, surgeons remain reluctant to opt for TDR surgery due to uncertainty of long-term outcomes. Recently, long term data regarding TDR surgery has become available, with some studies showing superior outcomes to fusion surgery. The goal of this review is to synthesize and clinically contextualize the recent literature on TDR surgery. This article also provides brief discussion of the biggest challenges currently facing disc arthroplasties and the ways in which they are being tackled.
Synthesis of Mo4VAlC4 MAX Phase and Two-Dimensional Mo4VC4 MXene with Five Atomic Layers of Transition Metals

MXenes are a family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with a general formula of Mn+1XnTx, in which two, three, or four atomic layers of a transition met...
Brentuximab Vedotin as Consolidation Therapy After Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Children and Adolescents (<18 y) With Early Relapse Hodgkin Lymphoma.

We describe 6 pediatric patients (12 to 18 y) with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma treated with consolidative Brentuximab vedotin (Bv) following reinduction chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. The progression-free survival after autologous stem cell transplantation was 12, 18, 22, 24, 30, and 30 months. Most patients tolerated Bv well although 2 patients developed grade 3 neuropathy that prevent them from completing the scheduled 16 doses of Bv. Consolidative Bv in children and adolescents, as currently recommended for adult patients with early relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, is feasible but with some significant toxicities.
Software skills required by m&s graduates for des development

The creation of a new modeling and simulation engineering program presented the opportunity to evaluate the core skills desirable in a well-rounded graduate. Software was identified as an often neglected aspect of modeling and simulation programs and an attempt was made to remedy this. This paper discusses the software skills identified as necessary/desirable in a graduate. The focus is on discrete event simulation (DES), though the skills are transferable to other paradigms. The discussion is partitioned into discussing skills appropriate for simulation application development and simulation tool development. The discussion is further partitioned to discuss core computer science skills (object-oriented programming and data structures), software architecture, graphics development, implementing DES worldviews, and an ability to work with open source software. The result is a graduate that is desirable to industry and graduate research.
Early Mobilization in the ICU: A Collaborative, Integrated Approach.

To develop and implement a protocol to increase patient mobility in three adult ICUs using an interdisciplinary approach and existing resources. Design The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice was used for synthesis of literature and intervention planning. A retrospective pre- and post-intervention data collection design was used to compare outcomes of interest. Setting Three adult ICUs (64 total beds) in an urban, academic hospital. Physician, nursing, respiratory therapy, physical therapy, and occupational therapy representatives participated in planning and development. All adult ICU patients were included. Interventions Development and implementation of an inclusive early mobility protocol in three adult ICUs. Focus on interdisciplinary collaboration to restructure workflow, focusing on optimization and coordination of standard tasks. Multimodal education occurred in an interdisciplinary setting and on-site champions facilitated implementation. Measurements and Main Results Time from admission to ambulation, overall frequency of ambulation, and frequency of ambulation by age group were assessed across three time periods: no awareness (Time 1), awareness without protocol (Time 2), and protocolization (Time 3). Decrease in hours from admission to ambulation were seen in the cardiovascular ICU (62.3 vs 56.1; p = 0.10) and surgical ICU (64.9 vs 58.6; p = 0.022). Significant increase demonstrated in the proportion of patients who ambulated while in the ICU (24.6% vs 33.0%; p < 0.001). All age groups had increase in frequency of ambulation. The largest gains in patients over 65 years old (T1 = 19.7%, T2 = 26.6%, T3 = 30.9%; p < 0.001). No change found in ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, or ventilator days. Conclusions This single-center evidenced-based practice project demonstrated increased mobility for ICU patients without addition of staff resources following implementation of an early mobility protocol using an interdisciplinary approach. Successful implementation led to creation of mobility protocol toolkit for use across all ICUs in the broader health system.
Creating Cooperative Learning Environment through Cotton Capsule Wardrobe Project

The purpose of this project was to engage students from multiple related degrees through a semester-long Cotton Capsule Wardrobe project that bridge the design process and the merchandising process. Through this collaborative project, the students enrolled in a merchandising/retailing course and apparel design industry technique design course worked together on developing a cotton capsule wardrobe collection.Our research has shown that use of a cooperative project when implemented in existing courses can improve students’ learning experience. This teaching strategy emulates the product lifecycle management in many large fashion design organizations, where design concepts are not wholly owned by design or merchandising, rather the development process is often moderated by a team.
On the presuppositional strength of interrogative clauses

A central question in the study of presuppositions is how a presupposition trigger contributes to the meaning of a complex expression containing it. Two competing answers are found in the literature on quantificational expressions. According to the first, a quantificational expression presupposes that every member of its domain satisfies the presuppositions triggered in its scope, and according to the second, a quantificational expression presupposes that at least one member of its domain satisfies the presuppositions triggered in its scope. The former view implies that an interrogative clause, a kind of quantificational expression, presupposes all of its possible answers’ presuppositions, whereas the latter view implies that an interrogative clause presupposes that the presuppositions of at least one of is possible answers are satisfied. This paper contributes to the debate by showing that ‘alternative’ interrogatives, formed with or, project presuppositions in the same, distinctive manner that other disjunctive constructions do: generally, universally. A theory that treats disjunctive words as restricted variables, bindable by various quantificational operators, is extended to account for the presuppositions of ‘alternative’ interrogatives, disjoined declaratives, and disjoined conditional antecedents in a uniform manner. The paper then explores some ways to reconcile the proposal with two special cases where interrogatives have been claimed to have weaker presuppositions: (1) constituent interrogatives in presupposition-weakening contexts, and (2) polar interrogatives containing bias-inducing scalar particles like even.
Self-supervised learning for accelerated 3D high-resolution ultrasound imaging

Purpose Ultrasound (US) imaging has been widely used in diagnosis, image-guided intervention and therapy, where high-quality three-dimensional (3D) images are highly desired from sparsely acquired two-dimensional (2D) images. This study aims to develop a deep learning-based algorithm to reconstruct high-resolution 3D US images only reliant on the acquired sparsely distributed 2D images. Methods We propose a self-supervised learning framework using cycle consistent generative adversarial network (cycleGAN), where two independent cycleGAN models are respectively trained with paired original US images and two sets of low-resolution US images. The two sets of low-resolution US images are respectively obtained through down sampling the original US images along the two axes. In US imaging, in-plane spatial resolution is generally much higher than through-plane resolution. By learning the mapping from down-sampled in-plane low-resolution images to original high-resolution US images, cycleGAN can generate through-plane high-resolution images from original sparely distributed 2D images. Finally, high-resolution 3D US images are reconstructed by combining the generated 2D images from the two cycleGAN models. Results The proposed method was assessed on two different datasets. One is automatic breast ultrasound (ABUS) images from 70 breast cancer patients, the other is collected from 45 prostate cancer patients. By applying a spatial resolution enhancement factor of 3 to the breast cases, our proposed method achieved the mean absolute error (MAE) value of 0.90±0.15, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) value of 37.88±0.88 dB, and the visual information fidelity (VIF) value of 0.69±0.01, which significantly outperforms bicubic interpolation. Similar performances have been achieved using the enhancement factor of 5 in these breast cases and using the enhancement factor of 5 and 10 in the prostate cases. Conclusions We have proposed and investigated a new deep learning-based algorithm for reconstructing high-resolution 3D US images from sparely acquired 2D images. Significant improvement on through-plane resolution has been achieved by only using the acquired 2D images without any external atlas images. Its self-supervision capability could accelerate high-resolution US imaging.
Recent developments in flow modeling and fluid control for paper-based microfluidic biosensors.

Abstract Over the last 10 years, researchers have shown that paper is a promising substrate for affordable biosensors. The field of paper-microfluidics has evolved rapidly in that time, with simple colorimetric assays giving way to more complex electrochemical devices that can handle multiple samples at a given time. As paper devices become more complex, the ability to precisely control different fluids simultaneously becomes a challenge. Specifically, automated flow control is a necessary attribute to make paper-based devices more useable in resource-limited settings. Flow control strategies on paper are typically developed experimentally through trial-and-error, with little focus on theory. This is because flow behavior in paper is not well understood and sometimes difficult to predict precisely. Additionally, popular theoretical models are too simplistic, making them unsuitable for complex device designs and application conditions. A better understanding of flow theory would allow devices conceived straight from theoretical models. This could save time and resources by reducing experimental work. In this review, we provide an overview of different theoretical models used to characterize imbibition in paper substrates and document the latest flow control strategies that have been applied to automated fluid control on paper. Additionally, we look at current efforts to commercialize paper-based devices along with challenges facing this industry.
Comparison of dermatopharmacokinetic vs. clinicial efficacy methods for bioequivalence assessment of miconazole nitrate vaginal cream, 2% in humans.

Purpose. To compare the dermatopharmacokinetic vs. clinical trial methods for bioequivalence assessment of two miconazole nitrate vaginal cream, 2% products.
The genus Sisymbrium in South America, with synopsesof the genera Chilocardamum, Mostacillastrum, Neuontobotrys, and Polypsecadium (Brassicaceae)

Resumen en: Based on extensive molecular and morphological data, all of the native South American species previously assigned to Sisymbrium (tribe Sisymbrieae) are a...
Chapter 37 Philanthropy

Abstract Charity on the English and early American model must be distinguished from philanthropy as it developed in America at the turn of the twentieth century. Philanthropy aims at the systemic eradication of social ills rather than, as does charity, at their amelioration. The general purpose philanthropic foundation became the standard vehicle for effecting this purpose, and made significant contributions to a variety of fields until the Great Depression, though funding for the arts was fairly limited. Much of the role of foundations was assumed by the federal government as it expanded in power and scope after World War II, often adopting the foundation modus operandi as its own. Partly as a result, foundations began to support the arts and culture, and when corporate philanthropy emerged in the 1950s it was also often aimed at the arts and culture. The National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities have been responsible since 1965 for the central government contribution to these fields. Recent changes in the foundation sector include the growth in the number of new, very well endowed foundations; the emergence of conservative foundations; a contraction in the scope of foundation funding, including fewer and smaller grants to the arts and culture; and the rising number of community and family foundations. American philanthropy is undoubtedly responsive to government policy and economic cycles, but there remains despite vicissitudes a unique affinity for philanthropy in the United States, perhaps explained in part by the relative weakness of the American state. In Europe, a different historical tradition and legal framework has given rise to different forms of support for the arts and culture, with a greater role for the state. Recent trends, however, suggest that non-American philanthropy is coming to resemble philanthropy in the United States.
Land of Progress. Palestine in the Age of Colonial Development, 1905–1948

Land of Progress by Jacob Norris will seemingly spark a strong academic debate as the author is challenging the way Palestine was seen during the British Mandate, placing the region in a wider hist...
Vital imaging of glomeruli in the mouse olfactory bulb

We have monitored the pattern of identified glomeruli in the olfactory bulbs of newborn, juvenile, and adult mice over intervals of several hours to several weeks. Our purpose was to assess the development and stability of these complex units in the mammalian brain. Glomeruli can be observed by vital fluorescent staining and laser-scanning confocal microscopy without causing acute or long-term damage to brain tissue. Repeated observation of bulbs in the same animals between birth and 3 weeks of age showed that this region of the brain develops by progressive addition of these units to the original population. This increment occurs by the genesis of smaller new glomeruli between larger existing ones; no elimination of glomeruli was observed during this process. Finally, no addition (or loss) of glomeruli occurred in adult animals over a 2 week interval; once established, the number, size, and pattern of glomeruli are evidently stable.
Oxidative degradation of phenanthrene by the ligninolytic fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The ligninolytic fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium oxidized phenanthrene and phenanthrene-9,10-quinone (PQ) at their C-9 and C-10 positions to give a ring-fission product, 2,2'-diphenic acid (DPA), which was identified in chromatographic and isotope dilution experiments. DPA formation from phenanthrene was somewhat greater in low-nitrogen (ligninolytic) cultures than in high-nitrogen (nonligninolytic) cultures and did not occur in uninoculated cultures. The oxidation of PQ to DPA involved both fungal and abiotic mechanisms, was unaffected by the level of nitrogen added, and was significantly faster than the cleavage of phenanthrene to DPA. Phenanthrene-trans-9,10-dihydrodiol, which was previously shown to be the principal phenanthrene metabolite in nonligninolytic P. chrysosporium cultures, was not formed in the ligninolytic cultures employed here. These results suggest that phenanthrene degradation by ligninolytic P. chrysosporium proceeds in order from phenanthrene----PQ----DPA, involves both ligninolytic and nonligninolytic enzymes, and is not initiated by a classical microsomal cytochrome P-450. The extracellular lignin peroxidases of P. chrysosporium were not able to oxidize phenanthrene in vitro and therefore are also unlikely to catalyze the first step of phenanthrene degradation in vivo. Both phenanthrene and PQ were mineralized to similar extents by the fungus, which supports the intermediacy of PQ in phenanthrene degradation, but both compounds were mineralized significantly less than the structurally related lignin peroxidase substrate pyrene was.
Scalable libraries for Fortran 90D/High Performance Fortran

High Performance Fortran (HPF) is a new language, based on Fortran 90, developed by HPF Forum. The language was designed to support data parallel programming with top performance on MIMD and SIMD computers with non-uniform memory access costs. The main features of the language include the FORALL construct, new intrinsic functions and data distribution directives. A perusal of HPF shows that most of the parallelism is hidden in the runtime library. Further, efficient parallelization of FORALL construct and array assignment functions on distributed memory machines requires the use of collective communication to access non-local data. This communication could be structured (like shift, broadcast, all-to-all communication) or unstructured. Thus, the scalability of the code generated by the compiler depend on the scalability of these libraries. In this paper, we present the design and performance of an scalable library for the intrinsic functions and the collective communication library. >
The Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR) Nuclear Analysis Program

The University of Missouri-Columbia (MU) Research (MURR) began operations in 1966 and has operated at 10 megawatts over 90 percent of the time since 1977. The MURR organizational structure includes reactor operations, health physics and technical service and research groups. The Nuclear Analysis Program is one of the major research areas and also includes mission components of teaching and service utilizing neutron activation analysis, isotope production and gamma-ray spectroscopy in the diverse study of both the physical and life sciences. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A0653133 00005
Abstract 358: Targeting of Heparin Binding EGF-like Growth Factor (HB-EGF) Efficiently Inhibits Atherosclerosis

Objective: Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a receptor ligand that regulates inflammatory gene expression in the human aortic endothelial cells. In this study, we examined the effects of targeting HB-EGF using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) in the development of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: Control and HB-EGF ASOs were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.; weekly; Dose: 50 mg/kg/wk) for 12 weeks into LDLR deficient mice fed a fat-enriched diet (21% fat; 0.2% cholesterol). Compared with the control ASO injected group (N=13), the HB-EGF ASO injected group (N=15) had efficiently reduced atherosclerosis in the arch of aorta (p<0.0001). The HB-EGF ASO also significantly reduced plasma cholesterol concentration (p = 0.0397). We observed that the VLDL was consistently reduced in all HB-EGF ASO injected mice tested. In liver tissue, the HB-EGF ASO induced significant downregulation of gene expressions of the sterol synthetic pathway as determined by a microarray and DAVID functional analysis (adjusted p = 5.5 x 10-9)). The HB-EGF ASO also induced lipid droplet accumulation in liver tissues as determined by histological analysis with liver tissue sections. Conclusions: This study indicates that HB-EGF is a key mediator for atherosclerosis and the targeting of HB-EGF is an efficient approach to inhibit lesion formation in the aorta. Downregulation of the sterol synthesis pathway and reduction of VLDL particles in the blood may contribute to the protective effects of HB-EGF ASO.