cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Optimal Power Management Strategy for Hydraulic Hybrid Output Coupled Power-Split Transmission

Power-split drive represents a class of Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) that combines the convenience of CVT with the high overall transmission efficiency. In its hybrid configuration, a high pressure accumulator is used to capture the braking energy that is regenerated to aid the engine power during the next propulsion event. Output coupled power split drives are particularly suited for small and medium duty vehicle applications. In this work, optimal power management strategy has been designed based on Dynamic Programming approach. Although the control strategy obtained by Dynamic Programming is non-causal, it represents the benchmark solution against which other implementable power management schemes can be compared. Another control strategy based on instantaneous optimization is also discussed where a given cost function is minimized at every instant. It results in a sub-optimal solution that is practical and implementable. Finally, Dynamic Programming results are utilized to discuss the possible improvements that can be made to the instantaneous optimization based control strategy.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Risk-Benefits of Oxcarbazepine vs Carbamazepine

The clinical differences between oxcarbazepine (OXC) and carbamazepine (CBZ) are reviewed in terms of efficacy, tolerability, and interaction with other drugs in a study at Universitat Bonn, Berlin, Germany.
Information Technologies in the Home: Policies and Markets

Computers and telecommunications have experienced steady growth in the business sector since the 1950s and have boomed during the past decade. Business applications of information technologies (IT) were discussed in the trade press and in academic publications (Dholakia/Mundorf/Dholakia 1995). Diffusion of IT in the home was delayed by decades and has only recently gained momentum. As the business sector experiences some degree of saturation with a somewhat predictable replacement cycle, home IT is thought to be the growth market of the 1990s and beyond. In addition, the home and business markets are increasingly intertwined (Mundorf/Zoche 1994). Media, industry, and government officials have announced the multimedia revolution and the Information Superhighway with much fanfare. We have seen much supply-side driven enthusiasm. However, the demand side of home IT-adoption is not well understood.
Imaging atherosclerosis with positron emission tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) provides a non-invasive method to measure biological processes that are relevant to atherosclerosis, including arterial inflammation and calcification. The vast majority of studies imaging atherosclerosis with PET have utilized the tracer 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to better understand how inflammation contributes to atherosclerosis development, and to test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing its progression. Additional tracers such as 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) provide additional avenues for characterizing atherosclerosis development. This review examines the emerging uses of PET arterial imaging as a marker of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, as a prognostic tool, and as a clinical research tool. In addition, we examine emerging methods that should advance arterial imaging with PET.
Oligodendrocyte Responses, Myelination, and Opioid Addiction Treatments

Buprenorphine and methadone are effectively used for the management of pregnant opioid-dependent addicts. However, little is known regarding potential effects of these long-lasting opioids on brain maturation. This chapter is focused on understanding the consequences of perinatal exposure to these drugs on developmental myelination. Recent findings indicated that perinatal exposure to therapeutic doses of either methadone or buprenorphine alter the timing and extent of myelin deposition in the developing rat brain. Parallel in vitro studies demonstrated that methadone and buprenorphine indeed exert drug and dose-specific direct effects on cells of the oligodendroglial lineage, altering their schedule of differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes capable of myelin formation. These findings support the idea of a crucial function of the endogenous opioid system in controlling the timing of oligodendrocyte maturation. Interfering with these regulatory systems by opioid use or opioid maintenance treatments could disrupt the normal process of myelin formation at critical stages of myelination and plasticity, in both the developing infant and adolescent brain.
The uncovered interest rate parity anomaly and trading activity by non-dealer financial firms

Abstract Since the 1990s there has been a substantial increase in foreign exchange market trading by non-dealer financial firms. Non-dealer financial firms comprise a market segment that includes hedge funds and mutual funds, among others. We investigate whether the growth of non-dealer financial firm trading affected the uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) anomaly, a phenomenon that seems to offer opportunities for excess returns. We find that the growth in trading volume by non-dealer financial firms is associated with some mitigation in the UIP anomaly. In contrast, growth in dealer-to-dealer and dealer-to-nonfinancial firm trading volume has no impact on the anomaly.
State-feedback control of Partially-Observed Boolean Dynamical Systems using RNA-seq time series data

External control of a genetic regulatory network is used for the purpose of avoiding undesirable states, such as those associated with disease. This paper proposes a strategy for state-feedback infinite-horizon control of Partially-Observed Boolean Dynamical Systems (POBDS) using a single time series of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) RNA-seq data. A separation principle is assumed, whereby first the optimal stationary policy is obtained offline by solving Bellman's equation, and then an optimal MMSE observer, the Boolean Kalman Filter, is employed for online implementation of the policy using the RNA-seq observations of the evolving system. Performance is investigated using a Boolean network model of the mutated mammalian cell cycle and simulated RNA-seq observations.
Weak Keys Remain Widespread in Network Devices

In 2012, two academic groups reported having computed the RSA private keys for 0.5% of HTTPS hosts on the internet, and traced the underlying issue to widespread random number generation failures on networked devices. The vulnerability was reported to dozens of vendors, several of whom responded with security advisories, and the Linux kernel was patched to fix a boottime entropy hole that contributed to the failures. In this paper, we measure the actions taken by vendors and end users over time in response to the original disclosure. We analyzed public internet-wide TLS scans performed between July 2010 and May 2016 and extracted 81 million distinct RSA keys. We then computed the pairwise common divisors for the entire set in order to factor over 313,000 keys vulnerable to the aw, and fingerprinted implementations to study patching behavior over time across vendors. We find that many vendors appear to have never produced a patch, and observed little to no patching behavior by end users of affected devices. The number of vulnerable hosts increased in the years after notification and public disclosure, and several newly vulnerable implementations have appeared since 2012. Vendor notification, positive vendor responses, and even vendor-produced public security advisories appear to have little correlation with end-user security.
Growth Under Resource Constraints

This chapter revisits the growth model from Part II, focusing attention first on the role of resources in the history of growth, then looking forward to understand possible implications of increased difficulty obtaining resources in the future. Highlights of past growth are the “Discoveries”, when Europe realized the rest of the world was out there and gained control over a vastly increased supply of largely renewable resources, and the “Discovery”, when technological progress made the vast energy storehouse of fossil fuels available for human use. The chapter ends with a consideration of three possible futures in a world of constrained resources.
Towards Robust Hyperlinks for Web-Based Scholarly Communication

As the scholarly communication system evolves to become natively web-based, hyperlinks are increasingly used to refer to web resources that are created or used in the course of the research process. These hyperlinks are subject to reference rot: a link may break or the linked content may drift and eventually no longer be representative of the content intended by the link. The Hiberlink project quantifies the problem and investigates approaches aimed at alleviating it. The presentation will provide an insight in the project’s findings that result from mining a massive body of scholarly literature spanning the period from 1997 to 2012. It will also provide an overview of components of a possible solution: pro-active web archiving, links with added attributes, and the Memento “Time Travel for the Web” protocol.
Past, Present, and Future Applications of Computer Algebra in Chemistry

Although one of the first applications of computer algebra occurred in chemistry, chemists have only recently begun to use computer algebra as a research tool. This paper will begin with a survey of past (largely uncited) and present applications of computer algebra in chemistry. Following this introduction, applications in chemical research and chemical education will be discussed in terms of the dramatic increase in availability and in power of computer algebra languages.
Hip Injuries in the Young Dancer

Hip problems are common in young dancers and often preventable. The extreme ranges of motion demanded of the dancer’s hip without the necessary strength and flexibility to accommodate them create the potential for injury. Additionally, some dancers may have an anatomic makeup that predisposes them to injury, and those with developing musculoskeletal systems may be particularly vulnerable. Pathology about the hip ranges from intra-articular to extra-articular, as well as referred pain from adjacent structures. Diagnosis begins with a history and physical examination to formulate a differential diagnosis, and imaging can be used as an adjunct. Treatment of injuries relies on an understanding of the mechanics of dance, especially as they apply to the dance discipline in question, the associated hip anatomy, and the specific etiology of the injury. When rehabilitation and physical therapy fail, additional interventions such as targeted steroid injections or surgery may be beneficial.
Unsupervised Feature Selection in Signed Social Networks

The rapid growth of social media services brings a large amount of high-dimensional social media data at an unprecedented rate. Feature selection is powerful to prepare high-dimensional data by finding a subset of relevant features. A vast majority of existing feature selection algorithms for social media data exclusively focus on positive interactions among linked instances such as friendships and user following relations. However, in many real-world social networks, instances may also be negatively interconnected. Recent work shows that negative links have an added value over positive links in advancing many learning tasks. In this paper, we study a novel problem of unsupervised feature selection in signed social networks and propose a novel framework SignedFS. In particular, we provide a principled way to model positive and negative links for user latent representation learning. Then we embed the user latent representations into feature selection when label information is not available. Also, we revisit the principle of homophily and balance theory in signed social networks and incorporate the signed graph regularization into the feature selection framework to capture the first-order and the second-order proximity among users in signed social networks. Experiments on two real-world signed social networks demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework. Further experiments are conducted to understand the impacts of different components of SignedFS.
Secondhand Smoke and Casinos

In recent years, cities and states across the country have enacted smoke-free workplace laws to protect employees from the harm caused by secondhand smoke. The fact that secondhand smoke exposure is a significant public health threat is beyond dispute. The World Health Organization, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Surgeon General all concur that there is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke. At the same time, casino gambling has been rapidly expanding across the United States. As casino gambling expands, casino employees - like employees in any other workplace - need protection from secondhand smoke. Many existing smoke-free workplace laws, however, do not protect casino employees. This is cruelly ironic, since the secondhand smoke exposure faced by casino employees is often more severe than exposure employees experience in other workplaces This article examines the benefits of establishing smoke-free environments in casinos, various approaches for creating smoke-free casinos, and the potential legal liability for casinos that expose their employees and others to secondhand smoke. Section I reviews smoke-free workplace laws and some relevant policy concerns. Section II discusses the legal options available to casino employees exposed to secondhand smoke in the workplace, and Section III reviews the intersection between smoke-free laws and Native American sovereignty.
Gender panics about transgender children in religious right discourse

This paper is a content analysis of political flyers and messages developed by Religious Right campaigns between 1974 and 2013 to fight legislation supportive of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transge...
Callisto As a Value Agent: How This Online Site for College Sexual Assault Reporting Extends Value Design

Abstract In this paper, we offer a case study of Callisto, an online site for sexual assault reporting, to highlight innovations in value design. We compare Callisto first to ordinary reporting systems, second to value design projects in computer/information system engineering, and third to large scale social movements and social media enterprises. Callisto stands out from other systems based on its exceptional value agency- a measure of a system’s societal reach, resource commitment, and value design engineering. As such, it provides a model for human rights and social justice campaigns.
A Study of the Benefit of Social and Religious Support on Church Members During Times of Crisis

A majority of Americans participate in religious services and identify themselves as members of a faith community. Understanding the role that religion plays in people's lives is essential to developing a comprehensive model of social support during times of crisis. The purpose of the current study was to identify the resources of social support that are helpful for church members during times of crisis. Although research on the impact of social support has identified several types of support—and the function of such support—to people undergoing difficult times, researchers have not looked at the impact of religious beliefs and participation in religious communities on social support to any significant extent. The current study collected questionnaire data from 23 members of one congregation who experienced a personal crisis. Analysis of the data shows that religious beliefs and the support provided by the religious community were seen as extremely helpful in times of crisis. Implications for incorporating people's religious beliefs and participation in religious communities into future investigations of social support are discussed.
A prospective study of the natural history of urinary incontinence in women.

Background Symptoms of urinary incontinence are commonly perceived to vary over time; yet, there is limited quantitative evidence regarding the natural history of urinary incontinence, especially over the long term. Objective We sought to delineate the course of urinary incontinence symptoms over time, using 2 large cohorts of middle-aged and older women, with data collected over 10 years. Study Design We studied 9376 women from the Nurses’ Health Study, age 56–81 years at baseline, and 7491 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II, age 39–56 years, with incident urinary incontinence in 2002 through 2003. Urinary incontinence severity was measured by the Sandvik severity index. We tracked persistence, progression, remission, and improvement of symptoms over 10 years. We also examined risk factors for urinary incontinence progression using logistic regression models. Results Among women age 39–56 years, 39% had slight, 45% had moderate, and 17% had severe urinary incontinence at onset. Among women age 56–81 years, 34% had slight, 45% had moderate, and 21% had severe urinary incontinence at onset. Across ages, most women reported persistence or progression of symptoms over follow-up; few (3–11%) reported remission. However, younger women and women with less severe urinary incontinence at onset were more likely to report remission or improvement of symptoms. We found that increasing age was associated with higher odds of progression only among older women (age 75–81 vs 56–60 years; odds ratio, 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.51–2.25). Among all women, higher body mass index was strongly associated with progression (younger women: odds ratio, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 2.00–2.81; body mass index ≥30 vs Conclusion Most women with incident urinary incontinence continued to experience symptoms over 10 years; few had complete remission. Identification of risk factors for urinary incontinence progression, such as body mass index and physical activity, could be important for reducing symptoms over time.
Enabling Navigation of MAVs through Inertial, Vision, and Air Pressure Sensor Fusion

Traditional methods used for navigating miniature unmanned aerial vehicles (MAVs) consist of fusion between Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) information. However, many of the flight scenarios envisioned for MAVs (in urban terrain, indoors, in hostile (jammed) environments, etc.) are not conducive to utilizing GPS. Navigation in GPS-denied areas can be performed using an IMU only. However, the size, weight, and power constraints of MAVs severely limits the quality of IMUs that can be placed on-board the MAVs, making IMU-only navigation extremely inaccurate. In this paper, we introduce a Kalman filter based system for fusing information from two additional sensors (an electro-optical camera and differential air pressure sensor) with the IMU to improve the navigation abilities of the MAV. We discuss some important implementation issues that must be addressed when fusing information from these sensors together. Results demonstrate an improvement of at least 10x in final position and attitude accuracy using the system proposed in this paper.
Factors influencing HIV/AIDS in women of color.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The author reviews selected findings on the behavioral risk factors for exposure to HIV among women of color and the social, psychological, and cultural factors that may be related to these risks and to the use of condoms. The potential value of empowerment models of AIDS intervention for women of color is examined. OBSERVATIONS: The most common routes of exposure to HIV for women of color are intravenously injected drug use and prostitution related to drug use. A woman's risk for exposure to HIV is related to her ability to protect herself by negotiating a safe sexual relationship with a partner. Women who feel powerless in their relationships are less likely to protect themselves against HIV exposure. These perceptions of powerlessness are the result of a broad array of experiences that may include secondary status, exposure to violence, restricted economic opportunities, and experiences of racism and oppression. CONCLUSIONS: Research on primary and secondary prevention of HIV infection in women of color must acknowledge and address the multiple determinants of health and risk behaviors in research paradigms and methodologies that assess women's risk in relationship to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors.
Opportunities in Medical Student Education

Many opportunities exist for surgical educators to become closely involved in the education of medical students. This involvement can start early in the basic science curriculum and progress through to the surgical clerkships which represent the most focused periods of surgical study for students and can be influential as they begin to make career decisions. Surgeons have the ability to influence students through formal and informal interactions and can be effective mentors with regard to both clinical and research endeavors. Furthermore, administrative influence serves to enhance interaction between medical students and surgeons creating a very positive exposure to the field. Enthusiasm and creativity should be employed to ensure the best possible core surgical training for our future physicians, regardless of their eventual chosen specialty. This chapter explores the many ways a surgical educator can help to enrich medical education at the student level.
Oxygen Transfer in the Trained and Untrained Quarter Horse

The recognition of the horse as a natural athlete has led to increased interest in equine sports medicine, exercise physiology, new training methods, and factors improving the performance of horses (Engelhardt, 1977; Milne et al., 1977; Bayly et al., 1983b; Persson et al., 1983). A considerable amount of research has been performed in recent years in order to describe the physiological responses of the horse to exercise and training (for reviews see Engelhardt, 1977; Physick-Sheard, 1985; Rose, 1985). Most of these studies, however, have examined the effects of acute exercise training rather than long-term, strenuous exercise training similar to that of a competitive performance horse. Furthermore, there are very few studies that describe the equine athlete’s response to detraining, how soon it starts, how much of it occurs, and how rapidly a horse can be retrained and placed back in competition. The purpose of this study was to: (1) evaluate selected cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses of the Quarter Horse to a standard exercise (treadmill) test during a 25-week program of endurance and interval training and (2) to examine the effects of an extended period of detraining and subsequent retraining on exercise performance.
Elementary Concepts and Tools

This chapter provides a brief introduction to micromechanics. Following an overview of several descriptors of microstructural geometry is an outline of the procedures that predict overall response of a heterogeneous aggregate in terms of phase volume averages of local strain or stress fields. Applied loads include uniform overall strain or stress and a piecewise uniform distribution of eigenstrains or transformation strains in the phases. Derivations of theorems, formulae and connections that will frequently be used in subsequent chapters are presented in Sects. 3.7, 3.8 and 3.9. A summary of the overall and local response estimates appears in the concluding Sect. 3.10. Many symbols used in this and following chapters are summarized in Table 2.5.
The Theme of the Symposium

I wish to describe how I arrived at the theme of this Symposium, viz., Current Status and Future Directions of NMR as a Structural Tool. This was an outgrowth of my own interpretation of various events that impacted on the evolution of high resolution NMR spectroscopy during the last 35 years or so. Many a time I was quite intrigued, if not fascinated, by how major advances in a scientific field occur when seemingly unrelated ideas and experimental technologies converge at a propitious time. The timing seems to be crucial. There are times when good ideas do not come to fruition. Sometimes a productive confluence of ideas and experimental methods occurs in a somewhat predictable fashion. Some other times serendipity brings about a totally unforeseen change, which then takes us in a inevitable and seemingly irreversible new direction. NMR has gone through all these types of phases during the last 35 years. In order to illustrate this point, I need to take you through a little bit of history.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors prevent persistent hypersensitivity in an orofacial neuropathic pain model.

Chronic orofacial pain is a significant health problem requiring identification of regulating processes. Involvement of epigenetic modifications that is reported for hindlimb neuropathic pain exper...
Michael Wood. Heiner Müller’s Democratic Theater: The Politics of Making the Audience Work

A methodologically rigorous study of three theatre texts by East German dramatist Heiner Muller and their relation to both empirically present and implied audiences.
Introduction: The 2016 U.S. presidential election and its understated stability

Abstract The articles in this special section analyze the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election. While the election has been referred to as historic, voting data instead emphasize its underlying stability. The articles in this section explore four broad themes in the raised in the election: issues, media, candidates, and pluralism. Together, these papers help examine the implications of stable voting patterns electing a candidate favoring disruption.
Will temperature increases associated with climate change potentiate toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of chloride on larval green frogs (Lithobates clamitans)

Abstract An important challenge in amphibian ecotoxicology and conservation is that amphibian toxicity tests are usually focused on a single chemical while populations experience multiple, simultaneous stressors. For example, about 14 million tons of road de-icing salts are used each year in North America with NaCl accounting for 98% of total salt use and, hence, elevated chloride is an important environmental stressor to aquatic organisms, including amphibians. As well, higher temperature as a result of climate change is becoming an increasingly important environmental stressor. There are no data on the combined effects of chloride and temperature on amphibians hinders conservation efforts. We conducted field studies to characterize chloride concentrations and water temperatures in known amphibian breeding habitats and performed toxicity tests to explore impacts of these two stressors on a common anuran, the green frog (Lithobates clamitans). A 96-hour acute toxicity test was conducted to first determine a chloride LC50 (2587.5 mg Cl−/L) at a single, neutral temperature, which was used to inform the treatment levels of the sub-chronic test, which also included a temperature range. In the sub-chronic study, green frog larvae were exposed to three temperatures (18, 22, and 25 °C), and four concentrations of chloride (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg Cl−/L) for 35 days. At all temperatures, tadpoles exposed to 2000 mg Cl−/L had significantly higher mortality. While there was no significant effect of temperature alone on mortality, survival of tadpoles was significantly lower at 1000 mg Cl−/L at the two higher temperatures suggesting a potentiation of chloride ion toxicity with increasing temperature. Comparing toxicity results to field measurements of chloride and temperature suggests green frog tadpoles and other species with similar sensitivity are likely negatively affected. Data on additional species and populations would further increase our understanding of how salt and temperature may shape aquatic communities.
Discrimination and Health: Does Hiring, Promoting, and Firing Discrimination Relate to Biological Dysregulation and Cardiovascular Disease?

Research on discrimination and health typically examines broad discrimination and cross-sectional health outcomes using subjective self-report measures. We examined three different types of specific job-related discrimination (hiring, promoting, and firing discrimination) and their time-lagged objective health outcomes, specifically biological dysregulation (i.e., allostatic load) and cardiovascular disease. To test hypotheses, we analyzed three waves of MIDUS data (MIDUS II, MIDUS II biomarker project, and MIDUS III). Results showed that discrimination in firing significantly predicted biological dysregulation, while discrimination in hiring and discrimination in promoting did not. In addition, discrimination in hiring, promoting, and firing did not significantly predict general cardiovascular disease. This study sheds light on time-lagged health consequences from specific job-related discrimination in the workplace and underscores the detrimental effect of discrimination in firing on allostatic load in comparison to discrimination in hiring or discrimination in promoting.
Understanding the Loading Dependence of Adsorbate Diffusivities in Hierarchical Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Using atomistic simulations, we studied the diffusion of n-hexane in a series of isoreticular hierarchical metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) NU-100x. Nonmonotonic diffusivity–loading relationships that depend on the pore sizes were observed, which can be explained by the spatial distribution of adsorbates at different loadings. For one of the MOFs in the series, NU-1000-M, the diffusivity–loading relationship is almost identical to the previously reported results of n-hexane diffusion in the hierarchical self-pillared pentasil (SPP) zeolite. Detailed analysis revealed that the similarity results from their similar micropore and window sizes, which was confirmed by free-energy mapping. The effects of temperature and adsorbate chain length on the diffusion were also studied, which supported our conclusion that the diffusivity in hierarchical nanoporous materials is primarily controlled by the sizes of the micropores and the connecting windows, particularly at relatively low loadings.
Continued validation and known groups validity of the Quick-FAAM: Inclusion of participants with chronic ankle instability and ankle sprain copers

Abstract Objective To examine the factor structure and validity of the Quick-FAAM in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and those classified as ankle sprain copers (ASC). Design Cross-sectional. Setting Laboratory. Participants Adult participants were included in both groups based on previously established criteria. Main outcome measure(s) The 12-item Quick-FAAM is scored on a 5-point Likert scale were scores are converted to a percentage (0–100%), and greater scores indicate greater function. The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) is a 9-item scale used to assess impairments in individuals with a history of ankle sprain. Scores range from 0 to 30, and greater scores indicate greater impairment levels. Confirmatory factory analyses, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were determined. Known-groups validity and differences in scores between groups were examined. Alpha was set at p Results The instruments were strongly correlated (r = 0.76, p Conclusions The Quick-FAAM is a valid, shortened version of the FAAM. It also has the ability to discriminate between individuals with CAI and those classified as ASC. The Quick-FAAM should be considered for future use with individuals who have ankle sprain history.
Distributed machine learning for energy trading in electric distribution system of the future

Abstract Machine Learning (ML) has seen a great potential to solve many power system problems along with its transition into Smart Grid. Specifically, electric distribution systems have witnessed a rapid integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), including photovoltaic (PV) panels, electric vehicles (EV), and smart appliances, etc. Electricity consumers, equipped with such DERs and advanced metering/sensing/computing devices, are becoming self-interested prosumers who can behave more actively for their electric energy consumption. In this paper, the potential of distributed ML in solving the energy trading problem among prosumers of a future electric distribution system - building DC grid cell, is explored, while considering the limited computation, communication, and data privacy issues of the edge entities. A fully distributed energy trading framework based on ML is proposed to optimize the load and price prediction accuracy and energy trading efficiency. Computation resource allocation, communication schemes, ML task scheduling, as well as user sensitive data preserving issues in the distributed ML framework are addressed with consideration of all the economic and physical constraints of the electric distribution systems.
Technology spillovers and capital gains in corporate venture capital investments: evidence from the biopharmaceutical industry

Using a framework combining the real option perspective and appropriation concerns raised in the entrepreneurial finance literature, we find that technology spillovers and capital gains created by ...
Teaching Bundling Theory with Simple Geometry

This paper shows how we might successfully introduce students in principles and intermediate microeconomic theory classes to the topic of bundling, i.e., the selling of two or more goods as a package, rather than separately. It is surprising how much students can learn using only the tools of highschool geometry. Specifically, one can prove that with independently distributed reservation prices, pure bundling raises both profits and consumers' surplus. We also explore the topic of mixed bundling, where both bundles and separate sales are conducted.
A Guide to Spousal Support and Property Division Claims Under the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005

Lawyers who do not do a lot of bankruptcy work may not be quite sure where things stand on the difference between a spousal support debt and a property division debt (other marital debt) under the new bankruptcy law, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA). This article provides an overview of the provisions of the new act and highlights the differences between the new and the old act, the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1994 (BRA 1994), as they pertain to spousal support and property division debts.
An architecture for developing behavioral history

We present an architecture for large-scale sharing of past behavioral patterns about network actors (e.g., hosts or email addresses) in an effort to inform policy decisions about how to treat future interactions. In our system, entities can submit reports of certain observed behavior (particularly attacks) to a distributed database. When deciding whether to provide services to a given actor, users can then consult the database to obtain a global history of the actor's past activity. Three key elements of our system are: (i) we do not require a hard-and-fast notion of identity, (ii) we presume that users make local decisions regarding the reputations developed by the contributors to the system as the basis of the trust to place in the information, (iii) we envision enabling witnesses to attest that certain activity was observed without requiring the witness to agree as to the behavioral meaning of the activity. We sketch an architecture for such a system that we believe the community could benefit from and collectively build.
Stability of interconnected systems: results without quasimonotonicity conditions

Addresses the stability analysis of a large class of nonlinear, continuous-time, finite dimensional dynamical systems which satisfy sector conditions. For such systems the authors define finite sets of extreme systems. The authors' stability results which are phrased in terms of the qualitative properties of the extreme systems provide a systematic method for the stability analysis of an important class of problems. By means of specific examples the authors demonstrate that when applicable, the present results frequently offer advantages over existing results (e.g., over existing stability results of interconnected systems). The authors show that the present results constitute robustness stability results.
Nonlinear control of constrained linear systems: regulation and tracking

An optimization-based procedure is used to design nonlinear controllers for linear dynamical systems subject to hard constraints on controls and states. The controller stabilizes the system and regulates to the origin or tracks the output of an exosystem which generates a reference signal. Firstly, a linear controller which maintains zero tracking error is determined. Secondly, a finite set of initial states is selected. For each initial state a control, which steers the combined state to the zero error manifold in a finite time is determined using numerical optimization. A nonlinear feedback control law is then constructed using the solutions to this finite set of open-loop optimal control problems. The solution method permits incremental improvement to the control law in those regions of state space where simulation reveals improvement is desirable. >
The Marriage Myth

An extensive literature suggests that marriage confers health benefits to men and women; however the literature also suggests that the healthy are more likely to marry. Using a new econometric strategy we find strong evidence that unobservable factors are significantly correlated with both health and relationship choice. Controlling for this correlation, marriage is not better for health in all cases. Rather, cohabitation benefits the health of men and women over 45 while being never married is no worse for health. Divorce harms the health of younger men while becoming widowed harms the health of younger women. Our results offer a more nuanced picture of the causal effect of relationships on health that can inform policymakers in light of changing social norms and economic constraints associated with marriage.
Metabolic Pathways Leading to Mercury Methylation in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans LS

The synthesis of methylmercury by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans LS was investigated on the basis of 14C incorporation from precursors and the measurement of relevant enzyme activities in cell extracts. The previously observed incorporation of C-3 from serine into methylmercury was confirmed by measurement of relatively high activities of serine hydroxymethyltransferase and other enzymes of this pathway. High rates of label incorporation into methylmercury from H14COO- and H14CO3- prompted the assay of enzymes of the acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthase pathway. These enzymes were found to be present but at activity levels much lower than those reported for acetogens. Propyl iodide inhibited methylmercury and acetyl-CoA syntheses to similar extents, and methylmercury synthesis was found to compete with acetyl-CoA synthesis for methyl groups. On the basis of these findings, we propose that in methylmercury synthesis by D. desulfuricans LS the methyl group is transferred from CH3-tetrahydrofolate via methylcobalamin. The methyl group may originate from C-3 of serine or from formate via the acetyl-CoA synthase pathway. These pathways are not unique to D. desulfuricans LS, and thus the ability of this bacterium to methylate mercury is most likely associated with the substrate specificity of its enzymes.
Trigeminal Pain Molecules, Allodynia, and Photosensitivity Are Pharmacologically and Genetically Modulated in a Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Abstract The pain-signaling molecules, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), are implicated in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic headache (PTH) as they are for migraine. This study assessed the changes of inducible NOS (iNOS) and its cellular source in the trigeminal pain circuit, as well as the relationship between iNOS and CGRP after controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury in mice. The effects of a CGRP antagonist (MK8825) and sumatriptan on iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were compared to vehicle at 2 weeks postinjury. Changes in CGRP levels in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) in iNOS knockouts with CCI were compared to wild-type (WT) mice at 3 days and 2 weeks post injury. Trigeminal allodynia and photosensitivity were measured. MK8825 and sumatriptan increased allodynic thresholds in CCI groups compared to vehicle (p < 0.01), whereas iNOS knockouts were not different from WT. Photosensitivity was attenuated in MK8825 mice and iNOS knockouts compared to...
Glucose Degradation, Molar Growth Yields, and Evidence for Oxidative Phosphorylation in Streptococcus agalactiae

In a complex medium with the energy source as the limiting nutrient factor and under anaerobic growth conditions, Streptococcus agalactiae fermented 75% of the glucose to lactic acid and the remainder to acetic and formic acids and ethanol. By using the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) yield constant of 10.5, the molar growth yield suggested 2 moles of ATP per mole of glucose from substrate level phosphorylation. Under similar growth conditions, pyruvate was fermented 25% to lactic acid, and the remainder was fermented to acetic and formic acids. The molar growth yield suggested 0.75 mole of ATP per mole of pyruvate from substrate level phosphorylation. Under aerobic growth conditions about 1 mole of oxygen was consumed per mole of glucose; about one-third of the glucose was converted to lactic acid and the remainder to acetic acid, acetoin, and carbon dioxide. Molar growth yields indicated 5 moles of ATP per mole of glucose. Estimates based on products of glucose degradation suggested that about one-half of the ATP was derived from substrate level phosphorylation and one-half from oxidative phosphorylation. Addition of 0.5 m 2,4-dinitrophenol reduced the growth yield to that occurring in the absence of oxygen. Aerobic pyruvate degradation resulted in 30% of the substrate becoming reduced to lactic acid and the remainder being converted to acetic acid and carbon dioxide, with small amounts of formic acid and acetoin. The molar growth yields and products found suggested that 0.70 mole of ATP per mole of pyruvate resulted from substrate level phosphorylation and 0.4 mole per mole of pyruvate resulted from oxidative phosphorylation.
Managing your medical data

Editor's Summary The burgeoning use of electronic health records and databases to collect personal medical information starts with trust that the information will be kept confidential and used to improve medical knowledge and care. With decades of patient information, the Veterans Administration (VA) has been at the forefront of adopting online health informatics tools and working to develop patient trust, support and engagement. Using the VA's My HealtheVet online health tool, registered patients can access, review and update their online health records and interact with care providers in real time for telemedicine and secure messaging. Additional support is provided through the links and connections that enable vets to participate in a community of practice geared toward healthcare data management. The interactive social technology of Web 2.0 enables the collection of stores of personal medical data, but the program depends on patients' active participation in their health knowledge management.
Effect of Storage Environment on Hatching of the Cyst Nematode Globodera ellingtonae.

Globodera spp. eggs go through a diapause, which remains dormant until favorable hatching conditions are reached. Because of the regulatory concerns with cyst nematodes, it is often only possible to rear eggs for research in the greenhouse. However, hatch is often lower for greenhouse-produced eggs than for eggs obtained from the field. The goal of this research was to determine storage conditions for Globodera ellingtonae eggs produced in the greenhouse that would increase percentage hatch. Over 3 yr, G. ellingtonae greenhouse-produced eggs were stored in different environments (−20°C, 4°C, room temperature, and the field) in either dry or moist soil. Percentage hatch after exposure to the different environments was determined in potato root diffusate. Across two experiments, field-produced eggs had higher hatch rates (65.2%) than greenhouse-produced eggs (10.4%). Temperature did not have an appreciable influence on hatch of eggs stored dry in two experiments (2.8% to 8.4% and 3.8% to 8.6%), but hatch of eggs stored in moist soil was significantly higher than in dry soil at all temperatures except −20°C (26.8% and 28.7%). However, the ability of G. ellingtonae greenhouse-, microplot-, and field-produced eggs to reproduce on potato in field microplots was not different. Although it may not be possible to produce G. ellingtonae eggs in the greenhouse that have the magnitude of hatch as those produced in the field, hatching can be greatly increased by storing eggs in moist soil at either 4°C or room temperature.
Algorithms for Parallel Decoding

In this paper we address the parallel decoding problem in a general formulation. The structure of the receiver consists of a bank of z demodulators each followed by an errors and erasures correcting decoders. Each demodulator has a threshold /spl theta/ that determines an erasure region; we then assign a cost f(/spl theta/) to the interference for causing an erasure and a (larger) cost f(/spl theta/) for causing an error. The goal in designing the receiver is to choose the thresholds to maximize the interference cost necessary to cause a decoding error. We demonstrate that the above formulation is solvable for many channels of interest.
Reading the Marriage Plot

Novels from the 18th and 19th centuries have powerfully shaped modern conceptions of marriage and family life. With the development of the British realist novel, the courtship and marriage plot took on a new cultural prominence that “naturalized” a deeply cultural institution and normalized a particular set of heterosexual gender roles. The cultural significance of these novels can be measured by their reverberations in contemporary popular culture and their impact on modern life stories. Jane Austen's (1813/2002) Pride and Prejudice and Helen Fielding's (1996) popular adaptation of Austen's novel, Bridget Jones's Diary, offer family theorists and researchers a case study on the influence of canonical plot structures on modern stories about marriage.
Mixed-mode shell-model theory for nuclear structure studies

We introduce a shell-model theory that combines traditional spherical states, which yield a diagonal representation of the usual single-particle interaction, with collective configurations that track deformations, and test the validity of this mixed-mode, oblique basis shell-model scheme on $^{24}$Mg. The correct binding energy (within 2% of the full-space result) as well as low-energy configurations that have greater than 90% overlap with full-space results are obtained in a space that spans less than 10% of the full space. The results suggest that a mixed-mode shell-model theory may be useful in situations where competing degrees of freedom dominate the dynamics and full-space calculations are not feasible.