cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kingfish 2019/Christone “Kingfish” Ingram CD/Alligator ALCD 4990

He might be the one. As a long-time blues fan, I revel in replaying classic recordings by Robert Johnson, Little Walter, T-Bone Walker, and Muddy Waters. I also enjoy revisiting more recent audio r...
Reducing the progression of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome patients with micro-dose lithium.

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a pervasive and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a gradual decline in memory, leading to significant impairments in cognition, language, and social functioning. An early-onset variant of the disease is a substantial source of morbidity in individuals with trisomy 21, the main cause of Down syndrome (DS), with clinical evidence of the disease seen in roughly one-half of those 50 years and older. Current pharmacologic therapies are limited to a handful of medications that offer only modest improvement in cognition and overall functioning. There is growing consensus in the literature that lithium salts, well-established as efficacious in the treatment of select affective disorders, may also provide neuroprotection from the development and progression of AD by targeting multiple processes implicated in the disease. These include beta-amyloid production, tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. While complex, inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) appears to be the primary mechanism by which lithium exerts its disease-modifying effects. Reduced rates of dementia have been described in bipolar patients chronically treated with lithium. Additionally, “micro-dose” lithium (300 µg daily in one study) demonstrated stabilization of cognitive decline in AD patients with mild cognitive impairment. With encouraging data suggesting that lithium confers a clinically significant benefit in AD by impeding accumulation of the aberrant proteins central to the putative pathogenesis, it follows to reason that a population with a genetic predisposition rooted in this disease mechanism may benefit from it. After a thorough review of the literature and currently active clinical trials, no studies have looked at using lithium to slow or prevent the development of Alzheimer’s disease in the Down syndrome population. Because those with DS have such reliably high rates of developing AD, many 20–30 years younger than those in the general population, they represent an exemplary subject population to investigate the effect that lithium has on progression to disease. Furthermore, the specific factors that make those with Down syndrome prone to developing AD, including enhanced ability to synthesize beta-amyloid, mitochondrial dysfunction, and elevated oxidative stress, correlate quite well with the model by which lithium is thought to disrupt Alzheimer’s pathogenesis, making the DS population ideally suited to study this intervention. Demonstrating reduced progression of Alzheimer’s pathology with micro-dose lithium in those with trisomy 21 could function to reinforce our current understanding of the pathogenetic mechanism underlying early-onset AD, and ultimately, establish a preventative treatment for the disease.
A Rectenna Using Copper Foil on Glass to Reduce Cost of Space Solar Power

In Space Solar Power (SSP), a satellite collects and transmits solar energy to a terrestrial station via a 5.8 GHz microwave signal. The ground station rectifies this power to direct current, providing sustainable power to an energy grid. The main implementation barrier for SSP is cost. This paper investigates plain silica glass as a low cost and transparent alternative ground station substrate. Transparency allows for simultaneous use of the land for supplemental economic activities like agriculture that can offset the overall cost. Glass along with adhesive copper foil and discrete components are used to construct a rectifying antenna circuit with up to 7.4 % efficiency for use in a SSP ground station implementation.
Pyridine-functionalized linear and network step-growth fluoropolymers

Abstract Step-growth polymers and networks were prepared with the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of perfluoropyridine with phenolic substrates. Linear AA-BB type, step-growth polymers were prepared to afford transparent, flexible films that exhibit excellent solution process ability in common organic solvents. Networks of similar type were optimized to produce highly densified crosslinks with moderate thermal stability and exceptional char yields. Herein, we highlight a new methodology and their thermal properties for the preparation of linear and network polymers without the need to pre-install labile moieties producing materials of interest for high performance materials and potential applications thereof.
Rational design and whole-genome predictions of single guide RNAs for efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in Ciona

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as an important tool for a wide variety of genome engineering applications, including reverse genetic screens. Previously, we described the implementation of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to induce tissue-specific mutations at targeted locations in the genome of the sea squirt Ciona (STOLFI et al. 2014). In the present study, we designed 83 single guide RNA (sgRNA) vectors targeting 23 genes expressed in the cardiopharyngeal progenitors and surrounding tissues in the Ciona embryo and measured their mutagenesis efficacy rates by massively parallel indel detection at the targeted loci using highthroughput sequencing. We show that the combined activity of two highly active sgRNAs allows us to generate large (>3 kbp) deletions of intervening genomic DNA in somatic cells of electroporated embryos, permitting tissue-specific gene knockouts. Additionally, we employed L1-regularized regression modeling to develop an optimal sgRNA design algorithm (TuniCUT), based on correlations between target sequence features and mutagenesis rates. Using this algorithm, we have predicted mutagenesis rates for sgRNAs targeting all 4,853,589 sites in the Ciona genome, which we have compiled into a "CRISPR/Cas9-induced Ciona Knock-Out" (Ci2KO) sgRNA sequence library. Finally, we describe a new method for the assembly of sgRNA expression cassettes using a simple one-step overlap PCR (OSO-PCR) protocol. These cassettes can be electroporated directly into Ciona embryos as unpurified PCR products to drive sgRNA expression, bypassing the need for time-consuming cloning and plasmid DNA preparations. We anticipate that this method will be used in combination with genome-wide sgRNA predictions to systematically investigate tissue-specific gene functions in Ciona.
Minimum-Regret Contracts for Principal-Expert Problems.

We consider a principal-expert problem in which a principal contracts one or more experts to acquire and report decision-relevant information. The principal never finds out what information is available to which expert, at what costs that information is available, or what costs the experts actually end up paying. This makes it challenging for the principal to compensate the experts in a way that incentivizes acquisition of relevant information without overpaying. We determine the payment scheme that minimizes the principal’s worst-case regret relative to the first-best solution. In particular, we show that under two different assumptions about the experts’ available information, the optimal payment scheme is a set of linear contracts.
An intellectual history of psychology

Robert Sternberg and Wade Pickren have recently published (Sternberg & Pickren, 2019) the Cambridge Handbook of the Intellectual History of Psychology. It includes 30 contributors, 19 chapters, and...
Differential longitudinal establishment of human fecal bacterial communities in germ-free porcine and murine models.

The majority of microbiome studies focused on understanding mechanistic relationships between the host and the microbiota have used mice and other rodents as the model of choice. However, the domestic pig is a relevant model that is currently underutilized for human microbiome investigations. In this study, we performed a direct comparison of the engraftment of fecal bacterial communities from human donors between human microbiota-associated (HMA) piglet and mouse models under identical dietary conditions. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes using amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) revealed that with the exception of early microbiota from infants, the more mature microbiotas tested established better in the HMA piglets compared to HMA mice. Of interest was the greater transplantation success of members belonging to phylum Firmicutes in the HMA piglets compared to the HMA mice. Together, these results provide evidence for the HMA piglet model potentially being more broadly applicable for donors with more mature microbiotas while the HMA mouse model might be more relevant for developing microbiotas such as those of infants. This study also emphasizes the necessity to exercise caution in extrapolating findings from HMA animals to humans, since up to 28% of taxa from some donors failed to colonize either model. Aluthge et al. evaluated the establishment of human fecal bacterial communities in human microbiota-associated (HMA) piglet and mouse models under identical dietary conditions. They find that human fecal bacterial communities from mature microbiotas establish more successfully in the HMA porcine model than mice, suggesting the broader applicability of the piglet model for human microbiome studies.
Input Parameters for the Mechanistic-Empirical Design of Full-Depth Reclamation Projects:

Cold recycling technologies such as full-depth reclamation (FDR) are sustainable and cost-effective techniques for pavement rehabilitation that reduce environmental impacts and construction costs a...
Utility of item 9 of the patient health questionnaire in the prospective identification of adolescents at risk of suicide attempt.

INTRODUCTION Previous studies report that item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) is useful for stratifying risk of suicide attempt in adults. This study re-produced the utility of item 9 of PHQ9 in assessing risk of suicide attempt in adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individuals aged 13 to 17 years in 4 health systems with a diagnosis of depression and history of treatment were included. We estimated time to first observed fatal or non-fatal suicide attempt in the 2 years following completion of a PHQ9, stratified by response to item 9. RESULTS There were 51,807 PHQ9 questionnaires for 20,363 youth and 861 instances of suicide attempt. Cumulative probability of suicide attempt ranged from approximately 3.3% (95% CI, 3.0 to 3.5%) for those responding "not at all" on item 9 to 10.8% (95% CI, 9.2 to 12.4%) for those responding "nearly every day". These probabilities are more than 3 times higher than previously reported in adults. CONCLUSION PHQ item 9 is useful for stratifying risk of suicide attempt in the 2 years following completion of the questionnaire. Monitoring PHQ item 9 over time for patients in treatment for depression can be useful for population health management of adolescents with depression.
Direct observation of quark-hadron duality in the free neutron F-2 structure function

Using the recently published data from the BONuS (Barely Off-shell Nucleon Structure) experiment at Jefferson Lab, which utilized a spectator tagging technique to extract the inclusive electron-free neutron scattering cross section, we obtain the first direct observation of quark-hadron duality in the neutron ${F}_{2}$ structure function. The data are used to reconstruct the lowest few ($N=2$, 4, and 6) moments of ${F}_{2}$ in the three prominent nucleon resonance regions, as well as the moments integrated over the entire resonance region. Comparison with moments computed from global parametrizations of parton distribution functions suggest that quark-hadron duality holds locally for the neutron in the second and third resonance regions down to ${Q}^{2}\ensuremath{\approx}1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$, with violations possibly up to 20% observed in the first resonance region.
Social Work Supervision

The paper updates a survey of Social Work supervision first conducted in 1973. In 1989 a national sample of N.A.S.W. members were contacted by mail. The sample consisted of 1500 direct service worker supervisees and 1500 supervisors. Questionnaire returns indicated that supervision was generally implemented in individual conferences scheduled once a week, lasting one to one and a half hours. The majority of both supervisors and supervisees expressed satisfaction with supervision. Both groups perceived educational and supportive supervision to be more important than administrative supervision. Both groups perceived expertise as the principal sources of supervisors power in the relationship.
A journey through the FIE bookshelf-1971-2000

In 1971, about 100 engineering educators from industry, and academia gathered in Atlanta for the first Frontiers in Education (FIE) conference. Its leaders had a vision, and moved creatively to implement the vision. The journey through the conferences, which we call FIE, is worth documenting, as the conference has become a premier and often imitated conference. Some educators have been involved right from the beginning and continue. Others have disembarked, but many new contributors have joined. The paper documents some data. The paper is also an attempt to study the impact of the conference on engineering education over the last 30 years. What issues have been resolved? What new issues have emerged? What issues continue? What might emerge in the future? Of necessity, it contains some personal observations.
A Review of “Making Marriage Modern: Women's Sexuality From the Progressive Era to World War II”

In recent years, there has been an expansion in the literature exploring the history of the family, especially in respect to women and constructions of their gender roles. The recent advances in ma...
Structure and assembly of beta-barrel membrane proteins.

Integral membrane proteins fall into two major structural classes; they consist of individual or bundled TM -helices, or they form monomeric, dimeric, or trimeric TM -barrels. These folds are dictated by the necessity to form oriented hydrogenbonded secondary structures in the highly ordered apolar environment of the lipid bilayer. No other structural motif has yet been confirmed for membrane proteins at high resolution, although the helical bundle structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor may be surrounded by a concentric sheath of TM -sheets (1). Apart from this possible exception, all membrane proteins of plasma and endoplasmic reticulum-derived membranes are -helical, whereas the proteins of the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and likely a fair number of proteins of the OMs of mitochondria and chloroplasts are of the -barrel type. These two structural motifs are also recapitulated in various membrane-inserted toxins, which can be considered facultative integral membrane proteins. This review focuses on the structure and assembly of -barrel membrane proteins. Because high resolution structures are known only for bacterial OM proteins and because our knowledge on the folding and assembly of these proteins is much more advanced than that of mitochondrial or chloroplast OM proteins, we will restrict our comments to the prokaryotic systems.
A hybrid semantic similarity measure for gene ontology based on offspring and path length

Gene Ontology (GO), one of the fastest growing bioinformatics projects, seeks to capture the most complete knowledge about gene related products. Over the past few years, many semantic similarity measures have been proposed based on various aspects of the GO, such as the corpus-based information content of the terms or distance between the terms. In this work, we first introduce the concept of structural information content (IC) and structural least common ancestor (LCA). We then use these concepts as part of a hybrid approach to propose a novel semantic similarity measure, known as Hybrid Structural Similarity (HSS) that depends only on the structure of the ontology and not on external annotation corpus. We have carried out extensive experimentation using the entire protein interaction database of S. cerevisiae (yeast) and compared HSS against other popular methods. The results show that in all except two cases, our method is able to outperform all methods by a significant margin. Further, our method is dynamic and responds dynamically to the term additions and updates in the ontology.
Partner notification among HCV-positive couples who inject drugs

AbstractBackground: This study examines predictors of partner notification (PN) confirmed by a test counselor among people who inject drugs (PWID) and their sexual partners in Kazakhstan.Methods: We used baseline data from an HIV couple-based intervention study, restricting the sample to couples where both partners knew they were hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive prior to participation in the study (N = 136 individuals). Cross-tabulation and logistic regression were used to examine predictors of PN, including socio-demographic characteristics, sexual and drug risk behaviors, and access to health services.Results: Of the sample, 68 (50%) participants notified their partners of their HCV status. PN was associated with participation in a needle/syringe exchange program and sexually transmitted infection counseling or education in the past 6 months. In the adjusted model, concurrent HIV infection (OR = 2.4, p < 0.05), having more than one sexual partner (OR = 2.5, p < 0.05), and participation in a needle excha...
Moral twin-earth and semantic moral realism

Mark Timmons and Terry Horgan have argued that the new moral realism, which rests on the causal theory of reference, is untenable. While I do agree that the new moral realism is untenable, I do not think that Timmons and Horgan have succeeded in showing that it is. I will lay out the case for new moral realism and Horgan and Timmons' argument against it, and then argue that their argument fails. Further, I will discuss Boyd's semantic theory as well as attempts to improve upon it, raise serious problems for these semantic accounts, and suggest an alternative view that accounts for our use of moral terms.
Ion pairing and host-guest complexation in low dielectric constant solvents.

We report an equilibrium treatment for complexation of ionic species in low dielectric constant media that explicitly includes ion pairing of one of the components. Experimental validation was achieved through study of pseudorotaxane formation between dibenzylammonium salts and dibenzo-24-crown-8. In particular, we show that concentration-dependent fluctuations in the apparent Ka,exp values as usually reported are attributable to ion pairing, with dissociation constant Kipd, and that the constant Kap for complexation of the free cationic guest species, G+, by the host crown ether is independent of counterion. More generally, using a simple extension of our model, we show the ability to diagnose the relative extent of ion pairing of the complex, which may be readily applied to other host−guest systems involving ionic species.
High-resolution adaptive induction logging: petrophysical and electromagnetic considerations

Incorporation of independent formation information into inductive log interpretation will become more important as the resolution demands on induction logging increase. Often, such information can consist of a reasoned petrophysical characterization of the target and its inductive signature. This target characterization, together with other information, can be used to adaptively focus array tools as a function of borehole depth.
Quantitative study of renormalization transformation method to correct the inhomogeneity in MR images

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of using a newly proposed renormalization transformation (RT) technique to correct nonuniformity in MR images. Simulated brain T1, T2 and PD weighted images with two types of bias fields and Gaussian white noise were created using the average signal intensities of white matter, gray matter, and CSF from segmented masks of actual patient examinations. These images were then corrected by the RT method and quantitatively compared with the original non-biased simulated images. This study demonstrated that a single optimal correction exists for the RT method. At the optimal correction, the RT method can remove more than 75 percent of the bias field without significant loss of useful contrast in the images. Unfortunately, this optimal correction can not be directly determined for actual patient images where the truth is not known. However, simulated images showed that the optimal correction could be estimated from changes in the contrast ratio map, where the contrast ratio is the ratio of the local intensity standard deviation and local average intensity. Using the contrast ratio map, the optimal correction can be reliably applied in patient images.
Resonance Raman examination of the two lowest amide ππ* excited states

The UV Raman spectra of N-methylacetamide (NMA) were measured in H2O and D2O between the visible spectral region and the UV region down to 184 nm. The Raman excitation profiles indicate that all of the amide bands are resonance enhanced by the first dipole-allowed π→π* transition at 190 nm. The Raman excitation profile data indicate the presence of destructive interference from the second allowed transition at ca. 165 nm. For example, the amide I and amide I′ bands disappear in the 184 nm UV Raman spectra and the relative intensities of the amide II and III bands change. The first allowed electronic transition at ca. 190 nm occurs to an excited ππ* state where the major geometry change, relative to the ground state, involves a dominating C—N bond elongation, with smaller C—C and N—C bond contractions, and a more modest C=O bond elongation. The C—N ground-state double bond character may decrease to the point where free rotation may occur. This may explain the previously observed monophotonic photoisomerization of trans-NMA to cis-NMA. The second allowed transition at ca. 165 nm occurs to an excited state whose major geometry change involves C=O bond elongation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transsynaptic degeneration of motoneurones caudal to spinal cord lesions.

We studied the effects of complete transversal section of the spinal cord, at T8–10, in adult rats, upon the number and morphology of identified motoneurones in lumbar segments L4 and L5. In observations by light and electron microscopy many lumbar motoneurones had structural abnormalities when the interval between surgery and perfusion ranged between a few hours and one week. We found also that as many as 25% of the motoneurones distal to a cord transection disappeared as a consequence of the lesions. We did not find comparable changes in the spinal cord at C6 after transection at T8–10. Complete removal of the cerebellum did not reduce the lumbar motoneurone counts. Bilateral ablation of the “motor” cortex did cause a reduction of motoneurone counts at L4–5, these animals showed normal or near normal spontaneous locomotor activity beginning a few days after the lesion was placed. Motoneurone counts were significantly reduced after partial cord lesions that spared the dorsal funiculi (where the corticospinal tract travels in the rat), but in this case the rats were paraplegic as a result of the lesion. Cord transection at 7 days of postnatal age resulted in reduced motoneurone counts when the rats reached adulthood. Intraspinal or subarachnoid administration of colchicine led to reduced motoneurone counts. Prolonged infusion of a GABA agonist, muscimol, into the lumbar CSF did not prevent the loss of motoneurones produced by cord transection. Pretreatment of animals with a Ca2+ channel blocker (nimodipine) did not prevent the effects of cord transection. We conclude that lesions that destroy descending spinal axons may lead to transsynaptic degeneration of motoneurones, perhaps by interruption of axonal transport of putative “neuronotrophic factors,” but other explanations cannot be ruled out at this time.
Biomass of Zooplankton in the Newport River Estuary and the Influence of Postlarval Fishes

Numerical abundance, biomass, and caloric content of zooplankton were estimated from biweekly samples collected during 1970–1972 from the lower estuary of the Newport River, North Carolina. All three measurements generally were maximum during early fall and again in late winter or early spring. During November larval fishes, primarily pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), and menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), began entering the estuary. The larvae reached maximum abundance in the estuary during March and April. Zooplankton abundance declined significantly at this time during 1970 and somewhat later during 1971. We hypothesize that zooplankton abundance may control the survival of fishes during their transition from larvae to juveniles and that the larvae have a significant effect in reducing the standing crop of zooplankton. Analysis of the gut contents of these fishes indicated they feed predominantly on zooplankton. Routine metabolism of the larvae would require that the standing crop of larvae graze an average 10 percent of the 1970 standing crop of zooplankton daily during January–May.
School nurses' perceived prevalence and competence to address student mental health problems

Due to under-identification of student mental health problems and limited specialty mental health providers in schools, school nurses are often faced with identifying and addressing student mental health needs. This exploratory study assessed prevalence and types of student mental health problems encountered by school nurses, as well as their prior training, perceived competence and levels of comfort addressing such problems. Data collected at a 2010 National Association of School Nurses conference from 78 school nurses suggest that in their view, 31% of students present with mental health concerns as their ‘primary’ presenting issue. School nurses reported moderate levels of comfort identifying specific problem areas, but limited comfort in mental health intervention and pre-service training to identify, assess, make referrals and/or intervene. Perceived competence identifying mental health concerns overall was predictive of perceived competence to make referrals. Implications and recommendations for pro...
Indirect cognitive control through top‐down activation of perceptual symbols

opyright # 2009 John Wiley & Son EZEQUIEL MORSELLA*, MEREDITH LANSKA, CHRISTOPHER C. BERGER AND ADAM GAZZALEY Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA Department of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA Helen Willis Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Toughness of two pure block copolymer blends in high molecular weight polystyrene

Abstract Blends of two commercial pure block copolymers, Phillips KRO-1 and KRO-3 Resins, in high molecular weight PS were prepared by solvent casting techniques to produce composite spherical particles with two different morphologies in a majority phase of the high molecular weight PS. One type of particle had the typical KRO-1 Resin morphology of randomly wavy and often interconnected PB rods in a topologically continuous block copolymer phase of PS, while the other type of particle made of KRO-3 Resin was in the form of concentric shells of alternating layers of PB and PS block copolymer phases. Both blends were found to result in only a marginal improvement of the toughness of homo PS even for particle volume fractions as high as 0.22. This inadequate performance in the case of the KRO-1 Resin blends results from the relatively large stiffness of the KRO-1 particles, while in the case of the KRO-3 Resin blend, it results from too small an average particle size, even though the particle stiffness in the latter case is low.
Inexact linear programming with generalized resource sets

Abstract Inexact linear programs are considered in which the form of the resource set is generalized. Two cases are considered. In the first case closed form solution methods are provided when the resource set as polyhedral. For the general convex resource set no finite representation is apparently possible, although the rudiments of an iterative, approximation algorithm are given along with some illustrations in a numerical example.
Subtypes of muscarinic receptors in vagal inhibitory pathway to the lower esophageal sphincter of the opossum.

We assessed the characteristics of muscarinic neural transmission in the vagal inhibitory pathway to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) of anesthetized opossums. LES relaxation was induced by electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus. Measurements were made of LES relaxation before and after intravenous administration of nicotinic (hexamethonium), serotonergic (5-Meo-DMT), nonselective muscarinic (atropine), and selective muscarinic (pirenzepine-M1 and 4-DAMP-M2) antagonists. The latency of LES relaxamethonium, but was not affected by 4-DAMP or 5-Meo-DMT. Given as concurrent intravenous infusions, hexamethonium, 5-Meo-DMT and 4-DAMP added to pirenzepine or atropine did not significantly increase LES relaxation latency above that caused by pirenzepine or atropine alone. None of the antagonists alone had a significant effect on percent LES relaxation. The combination of pirenzepine or 4-DAMP with hexamethonium and 5-Meo-DMT did not affect percent LES relaxation. The combination of atropine with hexamethonium and 5-Meo-DMT reduced LES relaxation to 18%. The combination of pirenzepine and 4-DAMP with hexamethonium and 5-Meo-DMT, however, had no effect on percent LES relaxation. We conclude that muscarinic participation in vagally induced LES relaxation exhibits two functional receptor subtypes: (1) M1 receptors that determine LES relaxation latency and are antagonized by pirenzepine or atropine, and (2) non-M1, non-M2 receptors, (Mx receptors) that contribute to the magnitude of LES relaxation and are antagonized by atropine, but not by pirenzepine or 4-DAMP.
TVA development work and experience with pan granulation of fertilizers

For several years TVA has studied pan-granulation processes for producing granular fertilizers. Tests were made with pans ranging from 38 inches to 14 feet in diameter. Most of the work was on granulation of ammonium nitrate, urea, and N-P and N-P-K fertilizers containing one of these materials. In this work the pan granulator was effective and efficient because of its good classification action. However, the pan was not suitable when ammoniation during granulation was desired. In most of the test work, ammoniation of the feed acids was completed in a solution system where considerable water was removed by the heat of reaction. Well-rounded, durable granules were produced at low recycle rates. Potential advantages and limitations of the process are pointed out in this paper. Depuis plusieurs annees, on a etudie a la Tennessee Valley Authority les procedes ďagglomeration mecanique pour fabriquer des engrais granulaires. On a fait des essais avec des vaisseaux munis ďune ouverture, dont le diametre variait entre 38 pouces et 14 pieds. Il s'agissait, dans la plupart des cas, de la granulation des particules de nitrate ďammonium, ďuree et ďengrais a base de N-P et N-P-K qui contenaient un de ces produits. Dans ce travail, le granulateur a vaisseau s'est avere efficace a cause de son bon classement; toutefois, il ne convenait pas lorsqu'on desirait appliquer un traitement a ľammoniac durant la granulation. Dans la majeure partie du travail, on a effectue le traitement a ľammoniac des acides ďalimentation dans un systeme de solution ou la chaleur de la reaction assurait la deperdition ďune quantite ďeau considerable. On a pu ainsi produire des granules bien arrondies et durables a de faibles vitesses de recyclage. On souligne les avantages et les limitations possibles du procede en question.
Flow of viscous fluids over weirs

Flow profiles have been determined experimentally for Newtonian fluids ranging in viscosity from 2,000 to 500,000 cp., flowing over knife-edged weirs with heights varying from 0.1 to 4.6 in. It has been demonstrated that within the ranges of the variables studied the condition of a flowing system can be defined by specification of four dimensionless groups, These groups correspond, respectively, to generalized fluid height, distance upstream, flow rate, and viscosity. The results have been fitted by an empirical equation with a standard error of ± 10%. Nous avons determine experimentalement les profils d'ecoulement de fluides newtoniens sur des deversoirs avec des hauteurs de charge variant de 0.1 a 4.6 pouces. Dans la gamme des variables etudiees les conditions d'ecoulement peuvent ětre representees a L'aide des groupes sans dimensions suivants: Ces groupes representent respectivement la hauteur de charge, la distance amont, le taux d'ecoulement et la viscosite. Une equation empirique basee sur les resultats obtenus donne une deviation standard de ± 10%.
Electron-stimulated desorption of carbon monoxide from a (111) niobium surface

Abstract Electron stimulated desorption of CO from the (111) face of a Nb single crystal produced both CO+ and O+ ions after adsorption at 150°K on a clean surface. When the surface was heated to above 250 °K only O+ ions were observed, and this current disappeared as the temperature was increased to 700 °K. Readsorption (at 150 °K) was inhibited following the 700 °K heating. These data indicate the formation on heating of a tightly bound surface phase with very low ionic desorption cross section. Threshold energies for CO+ and O+ ion production were 10.0 ± 0.5 eV and 19.0 ± 0.5 eV, respectively. The cross section for electron stimulated depopulation of the O+ producing phase was (4 ± 1) × 10−18 cm2 for 100 eV electrons.
Vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra of dichlorosilane, dichloromethylsilane and dichlorodimethylsilane

Abstract The vapor phase vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra of dichlorosilane, dichloromethylsilane and dichlorodimethylsilane are reported for the region from 40 000 to 83 000 cm−1 (250-120 nm). Absorptions of these compounds are assigned as primarily Rydberg excitations of chlorine valence non-bonded electrons. The σ* ← np(SiCl) transition for these compounds is the first observed absorption and is badly overlapped with the first Rydberg absorptions. The first three ionization potentials of dichloromethylsilane were calculated to be 11.47, 11.82, and 12.28 eV using averaged term values and transition energies. The analysis of these spectra revealed that the first p and d molecular Rydberg states appear to be nearly degenerate and that these Rydberg levels are greatly destabilized with methyl substitution. The results of this study support the presence of strong d-p(SiCl) interactions. The strength of this effect is compared in dichlorosilane and dichlorodimethylsilane using an empirical relation.
Optical properties of the sodium-tungsten bronzes and tungsten trioxide

A polarization-modulation ellipsometric technique was used to make direct measurements of the optical dielectric constants of single-crystal specimens of the nonstoichiometric tungsten-bronze compound ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ ($0.52lxl0.94$) and W${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, in the energy range from 1.0 to 5.5 eV. A method for determining the optical constants of anisotropic materials from modulation ellipsometry was developed in the study of tungsten trioxide. The behavior of the sodium bronzes as a function of sodium concentration is in agreement with recent calculations of the band structures for these materials. The system exhibits almost rigid-band behavior. The data were fit to the classical Drude free-electron model for the optical properties of metals. The W${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ dielectric constants were used to directly determine the contribution of higher-energy bound-electron transitions to the optical constants of ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ in the free-electron region. The results of jointdensity-of-states calculations were used in conjunction with the free-electron model to demonstrate that a relatively large discrepancy between conduction-electron relaxation times derived from the free-electron model alone and those determined from the dc conductivity may result, in part, from underlying interband transitions.
Making wasted votes count: Turnout, transfers, and preferential voting in practice

Proponents of electoral reform champion the single transferable vote (STV) or aligned forms of preferential voting (AV, IRV, RCV) as a method to improve participation among and representation of the general public. Voters provide an ordinal ranking among alternatives on the ballot, and ballots not used to elect a candidate are transferred to another favored alternative. Preferential voting is intended to encourage both citizen participation in an election and sincere voting. Yet the empirical evidence about the effects of preferential voting in the scholarly literature is scant. Elections of members to the Dail Eireann, the lower house of national parliament in Ireland, provide a wealth of data on preferential voting. Data from four recent Irish elections (1997, 2002, 2007, and 2011) are analyzed to assess the effectiveness of STV on reducing wasted votes. The number of nontransferable ballots, votes not used for any candidate, is large and increases as the need for lower level preferences (that is, later counts or rounds) grows. Voter turnout does not correspond to preferential voting in predictable ways; turnout declines as the number of candidates elected increases. Although preferential voting systems have much to offer, their effects need to be evaluated.
Search for elastic interactions in amorphous silica

Abstract Internal friction measurements were made above 6 mK for a sample of a-SiO 2 at 90 kHz using the torsional oscillator method. Since the internal friction is rather sensitive to nonlinear effects, strain amplitudes smaller than e A −8 were used to remain in the linear regime. Excellent agreement with the prediction of the Tunneling Model was observed.
The Spatiotemporal Role of COX-2 in Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Periosteum-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitors in Fracture Repair

Periosteum provides a major source of mesenchymal progenitor cells for bone fracture repair. Combining cell-specific targeted Cox-2 gene deletion approaches with in vitro analyses of the differentiation of periosteum-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (PDMPCs), here we demonstrate a spatial and temporal role for Cox-2 function in the modulation of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of periosteal progenitors in fracture repair. Prx1Cre-targeted Cox-2 gene deletion in mesenchyme resulted in marked reduction of intramembraneous and endochondral bone repair, leading to accumulation of poorly differentiated mesenchyme and immature cartilage in periosteal callus. In contrast, Col2Cre-targeted Cox-2 gene deletion in cartilage resulted in a deficiency primarily in cartilage conversion into bone. Further cell culture analyses using Cox-2 deficient PDMPCs demonstrated reduced osteogenic differentiation in monolayer cultures, blocked chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy in high density micromass cultures. Gene expression microarray analyses demonstrated downregulation of a key set of genes associated with bone/cartilage formation and remodeling, namely Sox9, Runx2, Osx, MMP9, VDR and RANKL. Pathway analyses demonstrated dysregulation of the HIF-1, PI3K-AKT and Wnt pathways in Cox-2 deficient cells. Collectively, our data highlight a crucial role for Cox-2 from cells of mesenchymal lineages in modulating key pathways that control periosteal progenitor cell growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis in fracture repair.
Comparison of synoptic and climatologically mapped sections in the south Pacific ocean

Abstract To understand the extent to which oceanic climate shifts could be detected, a South Pacific climatology has been used to create pseudosections of temperature, salinity, and other tracers along a zonal and meridional lines at 15°S and 90°W, respectively. Interpolations from the climatology were made using combined empirical orthogonal functions and objective mapping. Comparisons are made with independent measurements, taken in 1987, of temperature and salinity at 15°S. Temperature and salinity fields between the surface and 300 db along the 15°S section are predicted with an uncertainty sufficiently small to display significant differenccs in temperature and salinity related to El Nino of 1987. The 90°W pseudosection is a forecast of a synoptic section to be obtained as part of WOCE in 1992. Explicit values for the smallest temperature shift with depth that could be detected are produced.
High affinity proline uptake in rat brain synaptosomes

The uptake of L-proline by synaptosomes isolated from different regions of the brain was investigated. The highest rates of transport and the largest accumulation ratios were found in synaptosomes from the midbrain, striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus, with lower activity in the cortex and medulla (+ pons) and lowest in the cerebellum. The high affinity, Na+-dependent proline uptake had a Km of 12 microM, a Vmax of 0.6 nmol . min-1 . mg protein-1 and the maximum accumulation ratio ( [proline]i/[proline]o) at 2 microM added radioactive amino acid was 40-50. Our results suggest that: (1) only 5-10% of the synaptosomal population accumulates proline through the high-affinity uptake; (2) the characteristics of the proline uptake system into the prolinergic nerve endings are remarkably similar to those of other amino acid neurotransmitters (GABA, aspartate and glutamate); (3) the behavior of proline is consistent with this amino acid being a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Solid-State NMR Study of the Role of H and Na in AB-Type Carbonate Hydroxylapatite

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, combined with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, were used to study synthetic AB-type carbonate hydroxylapatite (CHAp). 13C{1H} heteronuclear correlation (HetCor) experiments indicate that the two carbonate environments represented by the peaks at δC = 169.8 and 170.8 ppm are associated with three H environments with one environment represented by a peak centered about δH = 0.0 ppm and two additional peaks located at 1.3 and 5.5 ppm. The peaks near δH = 0.0 ppm correspond to hydroxyl environments within the channels of the CHAp, whereas those at 1.3 and 5.5 exhibit spectral characteristics consistent with bicarbonate ions that donate moderate to weak hydrogen bonds. Possible methods by which bicarbonate incorporation can be accommodated by the apatite structure are discussed. The Na/carbonate ratio and 23Na NMR spectroscopy indicate that Na plays an important role in the carbonate incorporation in these materials.
Statistical thermodynamic analysis of peptide and protein insertion into lipid membranes

A statistical thermodynamic approach is used to analyze the various contributions to the free energy change associated with the insertion of proteins and protein fragments into lipid bilayers. The partition coefficient that determines the equilibrium distribution of proteins between the membrane and the solution is expressed as the ratio between the partition functions of the protein in the two phases. It is shown that when all of the relevant degrees of freedom (i.e., those that change their character upon insertion into the membrane) can be treated classically, the partition coefficient is fully determined by the ratio of the configurational integrals and thus does not involve any mass-dependent factors, a conclusion that is also valid for related processes such as protein adsorption on a membrane surface or substrate binding to proteins. The partition coefficient, and hence the transfer free energy, depend only on the potential energy of the protein in the membrane. Expressing this potential as a sum of a "static" term, corresponding to the equilibrium (minimal free energy) configuration of the protein in the membrane, and a "dynamical" term representing fluctuations around the equilibrium configuration, we show that the static term contains the "solvation" and "lipid perturbation" contributions to the transfer free energy. The dynamical term is responsible for the "immobilization" free energy, reflecting the loss of translational and rotational entropy of the protein upon incorporation into the membrane. Based on a recent molecular theory of lipid-protein interactions, the lipid perturbation and immobilization contributions are then expressed in terms of the elastic deformation free energy resulting from the perturbation of the lipid environment by the foreign (protein) inclusion. The model is formulated for cylindrically shaped proteins, and numerical estimates are given for the insertion of an alpha-helical peptide into a lipid bilayer. The immobilization free energy is shown to be considerably smaller than in previous estimates of this quantity, and the origin of the difference is discussed in detail.
The Lived Transtions of Senior Student Affairs Leaders

This study of student affairs leaders who have left senior roles used an interpretive qualitative approach to explore these lived transitional experiences. The context of the departure, its immediate impact, the ensuing emotions, the change navigation process, and the envisioned future appear to shape the departing leaders' perceptions of the transitions. Results provide guidance for those entering or leaving senior student affairs roles, colleagues and counselors of leaders experiencing transitions, and institutional officials managing them.
Physical mapping of homologous segments of mitochondrial episomes from S male-sterile maize

Restriction endonuclease maps of two double-stranded plasmid-like DNAs, 6180 and 5175 bp each, isolated as linear molecules from the mitochondria of S-type cytoplasmic male-sterile maize were prepared. Twelve cleavage sites were mapped in each using HindIII, XhoI, EcoRI, SacI, XbaI, SalI, BamHI, and BstEII. BamHI does not cleave S-1 DNA and SalI does not cleave S-2 DNA. A 1150-bp homologous sequence in addition to the 200-bp terminal inverted repeats was terminally oriented on both DNAs by reciprocal hybridization and heteroduplex analysis.
Changes of Oxidative Stress and Soluble Sugar in Anthers Involve in Rice Pollen Abortion Under Drought Stress

Two rice maintaining lines with different drought tolerances, viz., Jin 23B (tolerant) and Zhenshan 97B (sensitive), were used to study the oxidative stress and soluble sugar in rice anthers and pollen viability under drought stress during flowering stage. Higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower malonaldehyde (MDA) content in rice anthers were observed in Jin 23B than in Zhenshan 97B under drought stress. Further, a great increase in the content of soluble sugar in rice anthers of Jin 23B was observed across the whole drought exposure, while Zhenshan 97B showed significant decrease in soluble sugar during 9-12 d after drought stress (DADS). Accordingly, a marked decline of pollen fertility and activity, pollen numbers in an anther and pollen numbers on a stigma was observed in Zhenshan 97B, whereas little difference was found in Jin 23B. Thus, we suggest that pollen abortion caused by drought stress may be related with the reciprocity between oxidative stress and soluble sugar content in rice anthers.
RESISTANT HYPERTENSION: A FREQUENT AND OMINOUS FINDING AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH ATHEROTHROMBOSIS

Patients with resistant hypertension (RH) represent a high-risk subset of patients with hypertension (HTN). We sought to identify the prevalence and impact on long-term adverse outcomes of RH in stable hypertensive outpatients with risk factors for or established atherothombotic disease enrolled in