cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Diltiazem in Selected Animal Species and Human Beings

The absorption, distribution and elimination of diltiazem hydrochloride in rodent and canine species are reviewed. The drug is well absorbed but undergoes first pass metabolism after oral administration. Diltiazem is extensively distributed, and 52 to 81 percent is bound to serum protein, depending on the species studied. Diltiazem is metabolized in the liver by several pathways; deacetylation, N-demethylation, and O-demethylation are the primary degradative steps. The metabolites are excreted in urine and feces, indicating that biliary excretion occurs. There is some evidence for enterohepatic cycling. Diltiazem is rapidly eliminated (t 1/2 = 2.24 hours) in beagle dogs, and the relatively short half-life appears to be a result of the high level of plasma clearance (46.1 +/- 4.8 ml/min/per kg body weight). A comparison of the plasma diltiazem clearance with hepatic blood flow in the dog indicates that the drug is eliminated at a rate dependent on hepatic blood flow.
Solubility of carbon dioxide, krypton, and xenon in lipids

The solubility of carbon dioxide, krypton, and xenon has been measured at one atmospheric pressure and at temperatures of 25, 30, 37, and 45 ° in olive oil, dog fat, human fats, and rat-pooled fat. The solubility of the gases studied in the oil and fats was found to decrease as the temperatures increased. Heats and entropies of solution have been calculated from linear dependencies of logarithm of the solubility with reciprocal absolute temperature. There seems to be a linear relationship between solubility, surface tension, and viscosity of the lipids.
Distributed multipath routing algorithm for data center networks

Multipath routing has been studied in diverse contexts such as wide-area networks and wireless networks in order to minimize the finish time of data transfer or the latency of message sending. The fast adoption of cloud computing for various applications including high-performance computing applications has drawn more attention to efficient network utilization through adaptive or multipath routing methods. However, the previous studies have not exploited multiple paths in an optimized way while scaling well with a large number of hosts for some reasons such as high time complexity of algorithms.In this paper, we propose a scalable distributed flow scheduling algorithm that can exploit multiple paths in data center networks. We develop our algorithm based on linear programming and evaluate the algorithm in FatTree network topologies, one of several advanced data center network topologies. The results show that the distributed algorithm performs much better than the centralized algorithm in terms of running time and is comparable to the centralized algorithm within 10% increased finish time in terms of data transfer time.
Peroxidase Activity in the Abscission Zone of Bean Leaves during Abscission

Peroxidase activity and localization in the abscission zone of bean leaves were studied histochemically and by gel electrophoresis. Deblading of bean leaves resulted in an increase in peroxidase activity in the abscission zone 2 to 4 days after deblading with highest activity just prior to separation. In debladed plants, the cell division in six to eight layers of cells preceded separation. An ethylene treatment (8 microliters per liter) induced separation of debladed petioles in approximately 24 hours and of intact plants in 36 to 48 hours. Ethylene treatment produced similar results in both debladed and intact plants. In ethylene-treated plants, whether debladed or not, enzyme localization was restricted to only two to three layers of cells with no cell division apparent prior to separation. Infrequent cell divisions were observed after treatment with 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (1000 micrograms per liter) (Ethephon); however, other changes were similar to those observed with ethylene. Deblading and ethylene treatment resulted in changes in the six peroxidase isozymes observed in the abscission zone. Only four were observed in samples collected 2 centimeters below the abscission zone. Peroxidase bands IV and V increased significantly in debladed and ethylene-treated plants and peroxidase VI decreased only in debladed plants. The changes in peroxidase activity were invariably observed prior to separation in all treatments.
Substance abuse treatment providers' explicit and implicit attitudes regarding sexual minorities.

Abstract Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals have been found to have elevated rates of substance use disorders when compared with heterosexuals. However, little is known about the challenges a sexual minority might face in presenting for substance use treatment. In this study, treatment providers' attitudes toward LGBT individuals were assessed among a sample of 46 substance abuse treatment counselors who provide publicly funded treatment. Participants completed both explicit measures of heterosexist bias and an implicit measure designed to assess for biases that exist at an automatic, uncontrolled level. Results indicate that treatment counselors' negative biases regarding LGBT individuals were stronger for heterosexual counselors and for those with few LGBT friends. However, biases among this sample were significantly less than in comparison samples. Findings were also related to a newly developed measure of cultural competence in working with LGBT substance users. Implications fo...
Establishing collision zones for obstacles moving with uncertainty

Abstract This paper presents a methodology to include obstacles moving with uncertainty in path planning algorithms. Around each moving obstacle, a collision zone is defined indicating a high collision likelihood space. These zones are treated as stationary obstacles providing the input to a path planning algorithm. Samples of moving obstacles' positions are assumed to be available. Three models of motion for moving obstacles are considered: (1) obstacles moving randomly, (2) obstacles whose motion is structured but consists of random parameters, (3) obstacles whose motion is predictable as a function of time. Simulation examples yielding collision zones are presented.
AN INTERPRETATION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SECOND BATTLE OF WATERLOO

Good governance is a pre-condition for economic development. Good governance, in turn, requires peace. The second Battle of Waterloo, in Sierra Leone, showed what the West can do in this regard. A small military intervention, not hemmed in by the typical restrictions on what ‘peacekeepers’ can do, made a huge difference to the development prospects of the country. This has important implications for the use of external military forces as part of the overall strategy for poverty reduction in Africa.
Multiple-scale simulations of stratocumulus clouds

[1] This study introduces a flexible multiple nested modeling framework developed from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for boundary layer cloud research. It features a nested large-eddy simulation in a hindcasting mode that allows a direct comparison between simulations and observations. Using this approach, we simulated two stratocumulus cases observed at the southern Great Plains observing site. The simulation-observation comparisons demonstrate that the multiple nested WRF well reproduces the cloud properties and vertical velocity fields detected by cloud radar and other remote sensing instruments. The simulations show that (1) the cloud fields can be strongly modulated by mesoscale organizations; (2) the vertical velocity variance and skewness in the boundary layer have well-defined diurnal variations and are strongly dependent on external forcings, but the in-cloud turbulent statistics appears to be more controlled by the internal turbulent processes; (3) the organized structures of stratocumulus are only slightly skewed, which is consistent with the cloud radar observations that the updraft fraction is close to 50%; and (4) the vertical distribution of cloud water and the associated high-order moments of continental stratocumulus can be substantially different from its marine counterpart due to different ambient thermodynamic structures. This study suggests that the multiple-scale WRF modeling system provides a great numerical framework that can be used to address various issues regarding the parameterization of boundary layer clouds.
Computer Grading of Student Prose, Using Modern Concepts and Software

Abstract In earlier work of Project Essay Grade (PEG) we used computers to evaluate prose of high school students. In major experiments, PEG successfully imitated single human ratings, despite the crude hardware and software of the late 1960s. Today, computers are common in home and school, and advanced software packages permit much more powerful analysis. In the present research we analyzed recent federal samples of 495 and 599 essays and simulated groups of human judges, reaching multiple Rs as high as .87, close to the apparent reliability of the targeted judge groups. We also generated weights from formative samples of two thirds each, which predicted well the other one-third samples (with simple rs higher than .84). Another cross-validation predicted across different years, students, and judge panels, with an r of .83. Thus, the computer surpassed two judges, which is the usual human panel. Results appear encouraging for further research and indeed for early application to large programs of essay eva...
Antibody Therapy of Pediatric B-Cell Lymphoma

B-cell lymphoma in children accounts for about 10% of all pediatric malignancies. Chemotherapy has been very successful leading to an over-all 5-year survival between 80 and 90% depending on lymphoma type and extent of disease. Therapeutic toxicity remains high calling for better targeted and thus less toxic therapies. Therapeutic antibodies have become a standard element of B-cell lymphoma therapy in adults. Clinical experience in pediatric lymphoma patients is still very limited. This review outlines the rationale for antibody treatment of B-cell lymphomas in children and describes potential target structures on B-cell lymphoma cells. It summarizes the clinical experience of antibody therapy of B-cell lymphoma in children and gives an outlook on new developments and challenges for antibody therapy of pediatric B-cell lymphoma.
Stability analysis for real‐time pseudodynamic and hybrid pseudodynamic testing with multiple sources of delay

Real-time pseudodynamic (PSD) and hybrid PSD test methods are experimental techniques to obtain the response of structures, where restoring force feedback is used by an integration algorithm to generate command displacements. Time delays in the restoring force feedback from the physical test structure and/or the analytical substructure cause inaccuracies and can potentially destabilize the system. In this paper a method for investigating the stability of structural systems involved in real-time PSD and hybrid PSD tests with multiple sources of delay is presented. The method involves the use of the pseudodelay technique to perform an exact mapping of fixed delay terms to determine the stability boundary. The approach described here is intended to be a practical one that enables the requirements for a real-time testing system to be established in terms of system parameters when multiple sources of delay exist. Several real-time testing scenarios with delay that include single degree of freedom (SDOF) and multidegree of freedom (MDOF) real-time PSD/hybrid PSD tests are analyzed to illustrate the method. From the stability analysis of the real-time hybrid testing of an SDOF test structure, delay-independent stability with respect to either experimental or analytical substructure delay is shown to exist. The conditions that the structural properties must satisfy in order for delay-independent stability to exist are derived. Real-time hybrid PSD testing of an MDOF structure equipped with a passive damper is also investigated, where observations from six different cases related to the stability plane behavior are summarized. Throughout this study, root locus plots are used to provide insight and explanation of the behavior of the stability boundaries.
Photoionization mechanisms for Cr(CO)6 using high intensity laser pulses in the near-IR

Abstract High intensity (i.e. 10 13 W/cm 2 ) picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses are utilized to study possible photoinization mechanisms of Cr(CO) 6 . This work represents the first example of excitation of a metal carbonyl with 800 nm photons where the ionization of intact molecular species dominates photofragmentation channels. With picosecond pulse excitation, however, attenuation of the laser power appears to induce a higher degree of fragmentation. The data can best be interpreted assuming two distinct photoionization mechanisms where MPI dominates at low laser powers and a transition occurs to barrier suppression ionization as the laser power is increased.
Two new Peruvian species of Paravelia (Heteropera: Veliidae) from water-filled bamboo internodes, and distributional notes for other Paravelia species

Two new species of Paravelia – P. loutoni and P. reclusa – are described from water-filled bamboo internodes in the forests of eastern Peru. Color dorsal habitus photographs of both species and line drawings of key male genitalic characters are provided, accompanied by a distribution map. Line drawings of the male genitalic structures of P. myersi Hungerford, the closest putative relative to these two new species, are also provided for comparison. Although Neotropical Veliidae have been previously reported from bromeliad phytotelmata, the current results from bamboo internodes are the first records for veliid utilization of this habitat in the Western Hemisphere, and indicate that further samples from such habitats are likely to result in the discovery of other heretofore undetected veliid species. New records are also provided for 12 other previously described Paravelia species; the new records serve to clarify the geographic ranges and ecological preferences of these taxa.
Bacterial recolonization of deposit-feeder egesta: In situ regrowth or immigration?

The related processes of disturbance, recolonization, and succession can play major roles in structuring communities and in generating spatial heterogeneity. Nonequilibrium processes have been little studied with respect to microbial community dynamics. Here we report experimental efforts to identify the mechanisms of recolonization of egesta employing two intertidal deposit feeders, Balanoglossus aurantiacus and Nereis succinea. Using direct microscopic counts and Biolog plates, we compared the quantitative and qualitative patterns of recovery in egesta isolated from underlying sediments on “latrines” to recolonization in naturally incubated fecal casts. Significant recovery over the 2-h observation periods was never seen on latrines. Rapid recovery in metabolic potential was observed in the naturally incubated fecal casts of both animal species. Likewise, a rapid numerical recovery was seen in the egesta of N. succinea casts on sediments. In contrast, no numerical recovery was evident in any fecal casts of B. aurantiacus over 2 h, regardless of treatment. For these two species, recolonization appears to be dominated by migration of bacteria from underlying sediments as opposed to repopulation by survivors of ingestion. These findings indicate that renewal of available (digestible) microbial resources to deposit feeders is more rapid than would be predicted if regrowth was the dominant process of recolonization. Furthermore, because recovery time is short relative to the interval between disturbances, deposit feeding is unlikely to play a major role in structuring benthic microbial communities.
Performance Evaluation of Semipermanent High-Mast Lighting for Highway Construction Projects:

In 2005, the New York State Department of Transportation authorized the first-time use of semipermanent, high-mast, pole-mounted luminaires to illuminate nighttime road work construction and maintenance. This approach was used along a 3-mi stretch of Interstate 90 in Albany, New York, as an alternative to portable light towers. The performance of the high-mast lighting system is assessed according to the criteria of construction work quality and safety and visibility for workers and drivers. The high-mast lighting system was found to have met lighting performance specifications. Field measurements and an analytical comparison of the high-mast lighting with the portable light towers suggested that the highmast lighting system provided sufficient illumination for performing maintenance and construction activities at the site, with few shadows and relatively low glare, thereby increasing visibility of hazards and improving performance of visual tasks for both workers and motorists. On the basis of these anal...
Rates of brain atrophy and clinical decline over 6 and 12-month intervals in PSP: Determining sample size for treatment trials

Imaging biomarkers are useful outcome measures in treatment trials. We compared sample size estimates for future treatment trials performed over 6 or 12-months in progressive supranuclear palsy using both imaging and clinical measures. We recruited 16 probable progressive supranuclear palsy patients that underwent baseline, 6 and 12-month brain scans, and 16 age-matched controls with serial scans. Disease severity was measured at each time-point using the progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale. Rates of ventricular expansion and rates of atrophy of the whole brain, superior frontal lobe, thalamus, caudate and midbrain were calculated. Rates of atrophy and clinical decline were used to calculate sample sizes required to power placebo-controlled treatment trials over 6 and 12-months. Rates of whole brain, thalamus and midbrain atrophy, and ventricular expansion, were increased over 6 and 12-months in progressive supranuclear palsy compared to controls. The progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale increased by 9 points over 6-months, and 18 points over 12-months. The smallest sample size estimates for treatment trials over 6-months were achieved using rate of midbrain atrophy, followed by rate of whole brain atrophy and ventricular expansion. Sample size estimates were further reduced over 12-month intervals. Sample size estimates for the progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale were worse than imaging measures over 6-months, but comparable over 12-months. Atrophy and clinical decline can be detected over 6-months in progressive supranuclear palsy. Sample size estimates suggest that treatment trials could be performed over this interval, with rate of midbrain atrophy providing the best outcome measure.
Retinal isoforms of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase type 1 are poor nucleic acid binding proteins.

The RP 10 form of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) is caused by mutations in the widely expressed protein inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase type 1 (IMPDH1). These mutations have no effect on the enzymatic activity of IMPDH1, but do perturb the association of IMPDH1 with nucleic acids. Two newly discovered retinal-specific isoforms, IMPDH1(546) and IMPDH1(595), may provide the key to the photoreceptor specificity of disease (S.J. Bowne, Q. Liu, L.S. Sullivan, J. Zhu, C.J. Spellicy, C.B. Rickman, E.A. Pierce, S.P. Daiger, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47 (2006) 3754–3765). Here we express and characterize the normal IMPDH1(546) and IMPDH1(595), together with their adRP-linked variants, D226N. The enzymatic activity of the purified IMPDH1(546) and IMPDH1(595) and the D226N variants is indistinguishable from the canonical form. The intracellular distribution of IMPDH1(546) and IMPDH1(595) is also similar to the canonical IMPDH1 and unaffected by the D226N mutation. However, unlike the canonical IMPDH1, the retinal specific isoforms do not bind significant fractions of a random pool of oligonucleotides. This observation indicates that the C-terminal extension unique to the retinal isoforms blocks the nucleic acid binding site of the IMPDH1, and thus uniquely regulates protein function within photoreceptors.
Electrical Modeling of Thin-Film Transistors

An overview of device physics-oriented electrical modeling of thin-film transistors (TFTs) is presented. Four specific models are considered: (i) square-law, (ii) 3-layer, (iii) comprehensive depletion-mode, and (iv) discrete trap. For each model, a functional assessment of model equations is undertaken in terms of independent and dependent variables, model parameters, physical operating parameters, and constraining inequalities in order to facilitate mapping of model equations into a corresponding equivalent circuit. Channel mobility and “subthreshold” current trends are elucidated. Finally, a conductance integral equation based on Shockley's gradual channel approximation is introduced and is employed in model development and device assessment.
Refractory Abdominal Pain—Atypical Presentation of Takayasu's Arteritis

Objective. We report an unusual presentation of chronic, intractable abdominal pain in a 42-year-old African American female that led to an extensive evaluation involving multiple abdominal surgeries over 20 years. Case. There was no visible abnormality of celiac and mesenteric vasculature found by magnetic resonance angiography. Initial differential diagnosis included: Crohn's disease, cholecystitis, mesenteric ischemia referred pain from the surrounding ischemic structures, and other possible pathologies. Finally, Takayasu's arteritis was diagnosed based on the patient's clinical features and imaging studies in addition to the exclusion of other possible abdominal pathologies, and typical histologic findings of tissue biopsy. High-dose prednisone along with methotrexate resulted in a complete relief of her abdominal pain. Conclusion. High index of suspicion and early diagnosis and treatment for such a condition will avoid invasive interventions and reduce the length of suffering and disability, as well as reduce the cost of health care.
Adenosine A2A receptor activation prevents progressive kidney fibrosis in a model of immune-associated chronic inflammation

Crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) in Wistar-Kyoto rats progresses to lethal kidney failure by macrophage (Mφ)-mediated mechanisms. Mφs in nephritic glomeruli express adenosine A 2A receptors (A 2A Rs), the activation of which suppresses inflammation. Here, we pharmacologically activated the A 2A Rs with a selective agonist, CGS 21680, and inactivated them with a selective antagonist, ZM241385, to test the effects on established GN. When activation was delayed until antiglomerular basement membrane GN and extracellular matrix deposition were established, glomerular Mφ infiltration was reduced by 83%. There was also a marked improvement in glomerular lesion histology, as well as decreased proteinuria. A 2A R activation significantly reduced type I, III, and IV collagen deposition, and E-cadherin expression was restored in association with a reduction of α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts in the interstitium and glomeruli. In contrast, pharmacological inactivation of A 2A Rs increased glomerular crescent formation, type I, III, and IV collagen expression, and enhanced E-cadherin loss. Activation of A 2A Rs suppressed the expression of the Mφ-linked glomerular damage mediators, transforming growth factor-β, osteopontin-1, thrombospondin-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. Thus, A 2A R activation can arrest GN and prevent progressive fibrosis in established pathological lesions.
Preserving our vitality : Strategies for personal and professional growth

Promoting health locally, regionally, or globally is a difficult and trying endeavor. Professor Veninga offers encouraging strategies to help us maintain our morale, thus our effectiveness.
Meningitis after Lumbar Puncture in Children with Bacteremia

FOR over half a century clinical investigators have suggested an association between performance of a lumbar puncture during bacteremia and later development of meningitis.1 , 2 To determine whethe...
Consistency of Single Linkage for High-Density Clusters

Abstract High-density clusters are defined on a population with density f in r dimensions to be the maximal connected sets of form {x | f(x) ≥ c}. Single-linkage clustering is evaluated for consistency in detecting such high-density clusters—other standard hierarchical techniques, such as average and complete linkage, are hopelessly inconsistent for these clusters. The asymptotic consistency of single linkage closely depends on the percolation problem of Broadbent and Hammersley—if small spheres are removed at random from a solid, at which density of spheres will water begin to flow through the solid? If there is a single critical density such that no flow takes place below a certain density, and flow occurs through a single connected set above that density, then single linkage is consistent in separating high-density clusters (by disjoint single-linkage clusters that include a positive fraction of sample points in the respective clusters and pass arbitrarily close to all points in the respective clusters...
Enhanced lithiation and fracture behavior of silicon mesoscale pillars via atomic layer coatings and geometry design

Abstract Crystalline silicon nanostructures are commonly known to exhibit anisotropic expansion behavior during the lithiation that leads to grooving and fracture. Here we report surprisingly relatively uniform volume expansion behavior of large aspect-ratio (∼25), well-patterned, n-type (100) silicon micropillars (∼2 μm diameter) during the initial lithiation. The comparison results with and without atomic layer metal oxides (Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 ) coatings reveal drastically enhanced solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, higher volume expansion, and increased anisotropy. Square-pillars are found to exhibit nearly twice volume expansion without fracture compared to circular-pillars. Models are invoked to qualitatively address these beneficial or detrimental properties of silicon for lithium ion battery. Our experiments and computer simulations point at the critical relevance of SEI and pristine geometry in regulating volume expansion and failure. ALD-coated ultrathin metal oxides can act as an ion channel gate that helps promote fast Li + transport into the bulk by changing the surface kinetics, suggesting new ways of designing electrodes for high-performance lithium ion battery applications.
Effects of noise on the optimal processing of frequency-stepped cw radar data

We develop a nonlinear optimal signal processing algorithm for estimating the time delays and amplitudes of target reflections from a set of frequency-stepped continuous wave (FSCW) measurements in the presence of noise. The optimization algorithm solves the nonlinear problem directly in an iterative fashion after prewindowing a range for the estimation of the time delay. The optimal estimate of the corresponding amplitude is solved for each time delay in the range. A performance measure is calculated based on each of the solved amplitude and time delay pairs. The minima in the performance metric correspond to the locations of the reflections. The optimization algorithm is applicable to any set of FSCW measurements from which the target range resolution is to be maximized. The derivation is general in the number of reflections, and a uniform frequency interval between the FSCW measurements is not required. We quantify the effects of noise on the accuracy of estimation through analytic expressions and illustrate through simulation. We demonstrate the performance of this optimization algorithm using synthetic FSCW data in the presence of noise through comparison with the IFFT method. The results show this algorithm is robust in estimating target reflection ranges from noisy FSCW data.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The aspiration of blood through small-gauge needles

A total of 191 aspirations was attempted with 30-gauge needles with lumen diameters of 0.003 inch. Blood was aspirated in 100 percent of the instances.
Hyperplane cuts of an n-cube

We say that a hyperplane P of dimension n-1 cuts a hypercube H of dimension n if P does not pass through any of the vertices of H but only through its edges. Two problems are considered: (1) What is the maximal number k of edges of H that P may cut? (2) What is the minimal number m of hyperplanes which cut all the edges of H? The first problem is solved using Baker's generalization of Sperner's lemma. This enables us to give a lower bound on the number m of the second problem.
Abstract 1604: ABT-869 enhances radiosensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Purpose: Novel targeted therapeutic strategies to overcome radio-resistance of cancer cells traditionally treated with radiation may improve patient survival with the added benefit of reduced systemic toxicity. Herein, we tested the feasibility of ABT-869 (Linifanib), a multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of members of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor families, on radio-sensitization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Materials and Methods: UMSCC-22A and UMSCC-22B cells were treated with ABT-869 and γ-radiation response was determined. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction and cell cycle distribution were examined by MTT assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry. In addition, expression of STAT3 and downstream signaling proteins were assessed using western immunoblotting. Results: Treatment with ABT-869 resulted in cell growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis, G2/M cell cycle arrest, reduced phosphorylation of STAT3, which has been linked to radio-resistance, lower expression of cyclin D1, survivin and increase PARP cleavage. In addition, ABT-869 overcame the radio-resistance of the cell lines and significantly enhanced radiation-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These data suggest the possibility of combining targeted therapeutic such as ABT-869 with radiation to enhance inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis in HNSCC cells. Thus, it may provide a novel therapeutic strategy and improve efficacy of radiation against HNSCC in the future. Citation Format: Heng-Wei Hsu. ABT-869 enhances radiosensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1604. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1604
Gross structure of the ear, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of the chimpanzee.

Gross examination of the chimpanzee skull revealed that: there are three ethmoidal sinuses; the sphenoid sinus is immense and is divided into a superior and inferior part; the huge maxillary sinus contains a distinct bony canal for the nasolacrimal duct; the anterior and middle ethmoidal sinuses drain into the superior meatus; the frontal sinus drains via the middle ethmoid; the posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses open into the sphenoethmoidal recess and also communicate with each other; the maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus through a large ostium; the nasolacrimal duct drains into the inferior meatus; the mastoid process is small but contains a central cavity which communicates with the middle ear; the broad and smooth planum tympanum serves as the floor of the external auditory canal, the latter forming an angle of 30° with the horizontal; the tympanic membrane makes an angle of 30° with the floor of the canal and is deeply recessed antero-inferiorly; except for the extreme slope of the tympanic membrane and the malleus, the middle ear is similar to man; the inner ear is likewise similar; the carotid artery and the large carotid plexus lie in a definite osseous tube surrounded by pneumatized bone but attached to the periotic capsule; the chimpanzee is subject to otitis media.
Self-inhibition alters firing patterns of neurons in Aplysia buccal ganglia.

Summary The functional consequences of cholinergic self-inhibitory synaptic potentials (SISPs) upon firing patterns were examined in pairs of electronically coupled neurons of Aplysia buccal ganglia. In each neuron, the size of the peak SISP current decrements exponentially with increased number of previous conditioning action potentials (APs). To determine the effect of SISPs on the firing patterns of each cell, AP trains elicited by constant-current steps with the SISP intact were compared to those with the SISP blocked by curare. The SISP prolonged initial interspike intervals, providing an early supplement to accomodation, and produced a 75% increase in the sensitivity of firing frequency vs injected current plots for the first ISI. Firing rates were more regular in the presence of the SISP. However, the efficacy of the SISP, like the size of the underlying current, decrements with repetition. SISP effects were also studied in electronically coupled pairs of self-inhibitory neurons. Although the SISP altered the shape of the hyperpolarizing component of coupling potentials, DC coupling between the neurons was unaffected. Firing synchrony in coupled pairs stimulated with long DC pulses was assessed with cross-correlation histograms. In 60 mM Ca2+, the SISP sharpens the central peak of synchrony and deepens the flanking troughs, increasing the probability of synchronous firing within± 4msec by 76%. The major determinants of synchrony were found to be common input, SISP-dependent regularity of firing, and the depolarizing phase of the coupling potential, rather than the SISP-enhanced hyperpolarizing phase.
Experience in the Use of an Anticoincidence Shielded Ge(Li) Ganma-Ray Spectrometer for Low Level Environmental Radionuclide Analysis

An evaluation of a low level, high resolution anticoincidence shielded Ge(Li) spectrometer, constructed over five years ago, has been made. The evaluation was based upon results obtained in assaying a variety of biological and environmental samples, each contained in a 200 cm3 aluminum can. The spectrometer used an 18 cm3 planar type Ge(Li) detector constructed in our Laboratory. An example of the very high sensitivity possible with the spectrometer was in the assaying for 137Cs in a 296 gram soil sample which was determined to have a concentration of 0.027 pCi of 137Cs per gram of soil. Description of the spectrometer, methods used in data analysis and results of counting low level samples are given.
Particle beams generated by a 6–12.5 kJ dense plasma focus

Particle beam diagnostic tools involving an ion beam Faraday cup, an electron beam Faraday cup, an electron magnetic spectrometer and solid-state nuclear track detectors have been used to measure the parameters of the particle beams generated by a Mather-type dense plasma focus. At a capacitor bank energy of 12.5 kJ, the energy spectra of the electron and ion beams are found to obey the same power laws: dN/dE ∝ E−x where x 3.5 ± 0.5. Primary electron beam current and energy spectra were measured as a function of main bank current at pinch time, IMB. The primary electron beam current was found to scale as , reaching a magnitude of 17 kA for a device energy of 12.5 kJ. The exponent x of the electron energy spectra was found to scale as . These results are incorporated into an axial beam target model for neutron production, and it is found that this model could account for the magnitude and scaling of the observed neutron yield with IMB.
Lateral growth of single-crystal InP over dielectric films by orientation-dependent VPE

Abstract Vertical and lateral vapor-phase epitaxial growth of InP by the PC13-InP-H2 method has been investigated as a function of crystallographic orientation. To study lateral growth, a single-crystal low-index substrate is coated with a phosphosilicate glass (PSG) film, patterned openings are etched in the film along selected directions in the plane of the substrate, and growth conditions are fixed so that nucleation occurs only on the exposed areas of the substrate. When the thickness of the InP epilayers grown in the openings exceeds that of the PSG, these layers seed lateral growth over the PSG. This growth is negligible in low-index directions because of the formation of low-index facets. For higher index directions, significant lateral growth occurs because intersecting low-index facets form corners that act as nucleation sites. Such growth has been utilized to form continuous single-crystal InP layers over patterned PSG films. Lateral growth in polar directions is asymmetric.
Redevelopment of Karakoy Harbor, Istanbul Need for a New Planning Approach in the Midst of Change

Abstract Following the examples in industrial countries, the old inner-city harbors in developing countries have also been subject to revitalization in the last decades. Karakoy Harbor in Istanbul is an example for undergoing transformation in a developing country, Turkey. This article depicts Karakoy Harbor's transformation and the related issues. The goal is to outline the character and condition of the harbor, present dilemmas for its future, while providing a different perspective on the revitalization of harbors both in Turkey and other countries. The research concludes that there is a need for a new planning approach that includes central–local government coordination and public participation.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT: SOME IMPLICATIONS OF THE PATMAN INQUIRY

IN THE ATTENTION it received before the Patman Committee, public debt management ran a poor second to monetary policy. It cornered the lion's share of the title-page, but from there on entered the discussion mainly as a foil for monetary policy. That was no doubt appropriate, since the main issues of the debate were monetary. For the present article, however, a severe limitation is implied. Our discussion will be far from covering anything like the wide range of problems that a philosophy of debt management ought to encompass. Among the great many questions that are touched upon by the Patman Inquiry to a greater or lesser degree, three issues of special interest for debt management seem to emerge from the discussion: (1) what do we mean by "a sound public credit," (2) what are the implications of the notion of a "stable" government bond market (as contrasted with a "pegged" market), and (3) how far is the "tailoring" of issues to the market compatible with other goals of debt management. I hasten to add that to bring these issues into focus, some interpretative effort is required. Those who participated in the debate may feel that my attempts at interpretation have led to exaggeration. If so, I hope I may be forgiven in the interests of clarity.
People Who Inject Drugs in Intimate Relationships: It Takes Two to Combat HIV

We reviewed papers published during the past 18 months (2012-2013) focusing on micro-social contexts of gender and power inequalities as drivers of HIV risks among people who inject drugs (PWID) in intimate heterosexual relationships. Although there has been a proliferation of social and behavioral research on the micro-social contexts of drug injection in heterosexual intimate relationships, there is still a gap in knowledge of these issues, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Research has identified couple-based approaches for PWID in intimate relationships as an effective HIV prevention strategy to address micro-social contexts driving HIV risks. While HIV incidence has declined in many countries, prevalence remains at troubling levels among PWID and transmission from PWID to their sex partners is increasing in many parts of the world. HIV prevention among drug-using couples must address the importance of the relationship dyad and micro-social contexts.
Individual differences in information order effects: The importance of right-hemisphere access in belief updating

Abstract The order in which information is received alters the evaluation of causal hypotheses. Specifically, research suggests that the last piece of information oftentimes has the greatest impact on the evaluation and that the difference in subjective value between two pieces of information is an important factor influencing the magnitude of this recency effect. The present paper extends this line of work by exploring individual differences in this phenomenon via one's degree of handedness. Two hundred and five participants were given two hypothetical scenarios and related causal hypotheses accompanied by two pieces of additional information and asked to revise their belief in each hypothesis as information accumulated. Results confirmed predictions that 1) inconsistent/mixed-handers (those who use their non-dominant hand for at least some activities) show a larger effect with two pieces of inconsistent weak or strong information, and 2) neither mixed-handers nor consistent/strong-handers (those who use their dominant hand for almost all activities) show an effect with strong and weak pieces of consistent information. Mixed-handers' susceptibility to persuasive arguments and Ramachandran’s (1995; Ramachandran and Blakeslee, 1998) belief-updating theory centered around communication between the two halves of the brain and functional access to the right hemisphere are used to account for these data.
On Parallel Methods of Multibody Dynamics

Optimal time efficient parallel computation methods for large multibody system dynamics are defined and investigated in detail. Comparative observations are made which demonstrate significant deficiencies in operating regions of practical importance and a new parallel algorithm is generated to address them. The new method of Recursive Coordinate Reduction Parallelism (RCRP) outperforms or directly reduces to the fastest general multibody algorithms available for small parallel resources and obtains “O(logk (n))” time complexity in the presence of larger parallel arrays. Performance of this method relative to the Divide and Conquer Algorithm is illustrated with an operations count for the worst case of a multibody chain system.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Identification of proteins at the peptidyl-tRNA binding site of rat liver ribosomes

We have identified proteins involved in the peptidyl-tRNA-binding site of rat liver ribosomes, using an affinity label designed specifically to probe the P-site in eukaryotic peptidyl transferase. The label is a 3′-terminal pentanucleotide fragment of N-acetylleucyl-tRNA in which mercury atoms have been added at the C-5 position of the three cytosine residues. This mercurated fragment can bind to rat liver peptidyl transferase and function as a donor of N-acetylleucine to puromycin. Concommitant with this binding, the mercury atoms present in the fragment can form a covalent linkage with a small number of ribosomal proteins. The major proteins labeled by this reagent are L5 and L36A. Four protein spots are found labeled to a lesser extent: L10, L7/7a, L3/4 and L25/31. Each of these proteins, therefore, is implicated in the binding of the 3′-terminus of peptidyl-tRNA.
Amino acid sequences of myosin essential and regulatory light chains from two clam species: comparison with other molluscan myosin light chains.

We have determined the amino acid sequences of the essential light chains (ELC) and regulatory light chains (RLC) of myosin from two species of clam,Mercenaria mercenaria andMacrocallista nimbosa, using protein chemistry methods. The N-termini of all four proteins were blocked, and sequencing was carried out on various chemically and enzymatically produced peptide fragments. Cleavage of eitherMercenaria RLC (MRLC) orMacrocallista RLC (VLC) at its 3 Arg yielded four peptides, three of which could not be sequenced directly, due to an N-terminal blocking group and 2 Arg-Gln bonds in these proteins. The fourth peptide was partially and specifically cleaved at an unusually reactive residue, Met-64, which is invariant in all known RLC sequences. A comparison of all available molluscan ELC and RLC sequences was carried out in search of clues to functionally important features of these proteins in muscles which are regulated by a Ca2+-sensitive myosin. By analogy with other RLCs, VRLC and MRLC may be phosphorylated at Ser-11 by an endogenous kinase. All myosin light chains, like troponin C and calmodulin, contain four homologous regions, I to IV, each of which contains a twelve-residue potential Ca2+-binding loop flanked on either side by a pair of helices. All RLCs, including those from Ca2+-insensitive myosins, contain a divalent cation-binding site in region I. Clam and other molluscan ELCs contain a single Ca2+-binding site in region III. This site is present only in the ELCs of myosins that are regulated by direct binding of Ca2+. The ELC site III is likely to play a key role in the regulation of molluscan muscle contraction.
Dynamics of cis-stilbene photoisomerization: the adiabatic pathway to excited trans-stilbene

Abstract Fluorescence excitation spectra of cis-stilbene in n-hexane monitored at 350 nm and 404 nm, are resolved into cis-stilbene and trans-stilbene contributions using principal component analysis with self-modeling. The results confirm that both trans and cis fluorescence originating from excitation of pure cis-stilbene solutions are due to single photon excitation of 1c to 1c*. The quantum yield for adiabatic 1c*→1t* conversion is φct*=0.0020, independent of excitation wavelength. The corrected fluorescence excitation spectrum of cis-stilbene faithfully tracks its UV absorption spectrum. The fluorescence spectrum of cis-stilbene is nearly temperature independent in n-hexane, 0–58 °C. Assuming a 1c* → 1p* → 1t* pathway for adiabatic 1t* formation where 1p* is the perpendicular phantom singlet state, leads to the conclusion that 1p* and 1t* are nearly isoenergetic.
Recharge mechanism and hydrochemistry evaluation of groundwater in the Nuaimeh area, Jordan, using environmental isotope techniques

The relationship between the stable isotopic and chemical composition of precipitation and groundwater was studied in the Nuaimeh area of the Ajloun Highlands in Jordan. The isotopic composition values of precipitation and groundwater are almost identical. The spatial variation of stable isotopes in precipitation is mainly due to the effect of seasonal temperature, altitude and amount. The groundwater reveals identical variation in isotopic composition to the precipitation due to direct recharge and the karstic nature of the outcropping Turonian aquifer. Tritium levels in wells are high and their content is similar to the weighted mean value of tritium content in precipitation, indicating local recharge and low residence time. The 14C activity in the tritiated groundwater is found to be about half of the 14C activity of precipitation in the region. A geochemical evolution through dissolution of carbonate by water–carbonate rock interactions reduced the atmospheric 14C activity from 114 to 61 pmc in the groundwater. A 14C of around 61 pmc and 7.6 TU values are considered the initial concentration for the recharge in the shallow carbonate aquifer in the Yarmouk Basin. The large fluctuation of water level in observation wells during the rainy season indicates the sensitivity and direct response of the aquifer to the recharge. The chemical composition of the groundwater (Ca2+–HCO3−) gives emphasis to the short duration of water–rock interaction and indicates dissolution of the carbonate aquifer. The elevated concentrations of Cl− and NO3− in groundwater are attributed to anthropogenic sources.
A planar cascading architecture for a ceramic Knudsen micropump

This paper describes a 9-stage Knudsen pump with planar architecture that uses nanoporous ceramic for thermal transpiration. While operating at 55 K above room temperature, the pump provides a maximum pressure head exceeding 12 kPa at a sealed outlet, or a gas flow rate of ≈3.8 µL/min. against a pressure head of 160 Pa. Experiments also demonstrate the capability of the pump to steer water droplets at speeds exceeding 1200 µm/s through a 250 µm fluorinated ethylene propylene capillary. The packaged volume for the 9-stage pump discussed here is 25×25×7.25 mm3. These characteristics indicate that the pump is potentially useful in microfluidic systems intended for both gas and liquid phase chemical sensing.