cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Economics for Cost-Benefit Analysis

How should policy analysts assess 'benefit validity' when behavioral anomalies appear relevant? David L. Weimer provides thoughtful answers through practical guidelines. Behavioral economists have identified a number of situations in which people appear not to behave according to the neoclassical assumptions underpinning welfare economics and its application to the assessment of the efficiency of proposed public policies through cost-benefit analysis. This book introduces the concept of benefit validity as a criterion for estimating benefits from observed or stated preference studies, and provides practical guidelines to help analysts accommodate behavioral findings. It considers benefit validity in four areas: violations of expected utility theory, unexpectedly large differences between willingness to pay and willingness to accept, non-exponential discounting, and harmful addiction. In addition to its immediate value to practicing policy analysts, it helps behavioral economists identify issues where their research programs can make practical contributions to better policy analysis.
Critical behavior in 3D gravitational collapse of massless scalar fields

We present results from a study of critical behavior in 3D gravitational collapse with no symmetry assumptions. The source of the gravitational field is a massless scalar field. This is a well-studied case for spherically symmetric gravitational collapse, allowing us to understand the reliability and accuracy of the simulations. We study both supercritical and subcritical evolutions to see if one provides more accurate results than the other. We find that even for nonspherical initial data with 35% of the power in the $\ensuremath{\ell}=2$ spherical harmonic, the critical solution is the same as in spherical symmetry.
Forgiveness and gender between friends and coworkers

Using original instrumentation four vignettes investigated differences in forgiveness of friends based on gender. A general linear model found significant differences in five items that investigate...
SPEAK Out! Day with Future Teachers Taking the Lead

Each year, health and physical education representatives converge at our nation's capital for the SHAPE America SPEAK Out! Day to advocate for health and physical education and its current initiatives. This endeavor has grown to include over 200 representatives from 46 different states. In recent years, this program has become very successful in recruiting teachers and administrators from all over the country to represent their states. What has been missing is the link for future teachers to be represented as well. This article discusses the importance of increasing the number of students and the direct connection that colleges and universities can make during this unique experience. Specifically, it describes how one university combined this powerful advocacy experience with its mission, which can serve as an example for other institutions to follow.
HYALURONIC ACID SELF-ASSOCIATION IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF SALTS

ABSTRACT Carbohydrate polymers and oligomers are excellent candidates for molecular level storage of biological information through variations in the chemical composition, primary sequence, and branching pattern. Diversity of polysaccharide primary structure affords diversity in higher order structure, and information may be stored in the three dimensional spatial relationships of the sugar residues as well. 1 This allows carbohydrates to function as highly specific markers in biological recognition processes. 2 Carbohydrates operate at cell surfaces, where they often occur as components of glycoproteins, glycolipids, or proteoglycans anchored in the cell membrane. 3 Signaling and recognition usually involve carbohydrate-protein interactions. 4–5 Instances of carbohydrate-carbohydrate signaling interactions are likewise emerging. 6 Carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions are also clearly important in stabilizing the three dimensional structures of many biologically active oligo- and polysaccharides. 7 Many polysaccharides, e.g., hyaluronic acid (HA), contain charged groups that can affect their conformation and thus their physicochemical and biological properties. The self-interactions these polymers undergo are clearly important in stabilizing the three dimensional structures that may be important for their function in signaling and recognition. In this report we show that the extent and nature of association of sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) in aqueous solution, observed using AFM, is sensitive to the presence of salts.
An Operational Semantic Basis for Building an OpenMP Data Race Checker

Despite the popularity and growing importance of OpenMP, a formal characterization of its concurrency is lacking. In this paper, we provide such a characterization through an operational semantics. Semantic descriptions of languages are written to serve specific end goals, and hence are abstractions of fully detailed implementations. We have developed our semantics to help with the construction of a novel OpenMP data race checker called Sword that collects execution traces efficiently, and subjects the traces to offline analysis: the semantics are used in the latter phase. Key contributions of this paper are: (1) defining OpenMP's concurrency rigorously through a precise set of rules, (2) helping systematically design Sword's offline analysis phase by ensuring that the OpenMP events mentioned in our semantics are exactly those that can also be collected through OMPT, a standard event collection mechanism for OpenMP, and (3) characterizing the benefits of this design. We conclude with the message that developing formal semantics for concurrent languages must not be viewed as an esoteric diversion, but as standard practice, as such semantics can help clearly define the language, help rigorously analyze proposed future extensions to it, and also help reveal lurking pitfalls, especially in this era where multiple concurrency formalisms are often used together.
Neuroligin-1 Signaling Controls LTP and NMDA-Receptors by Distinct Molecular Pathways

Summary Neuroligins, postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules that are linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, are extensively studied, but fundamental questions about their functions remain. Using in vivo replacement strategies in quadruple conditional knockout mice of all neuroligins to avoid heterodimerization artifacts, we show, in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, that neuroligin-1 performs two key functions in excitatory synapses by distinct molecular mechanisms. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent LTP requires trans-synaptic binding of postsynaptic neuroligin-1 to presynaptic β-neurexins but not the cytoplasmic sequences of neuroligins. In contrast, postsynaptic NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated responses involve a neurexin-independent mechanism that requires the neuroligin-1 cytoplasmic sequences. Strikingly, deletion of neuroligins blocked the spine expansion associated with LTP, as monitored by two-photon imaging; this block involved a mechanism identical to that of the role of neuroligin-1 in NMDAR-dependent LTP. Our data suggest that neuroligin-1 performs two mechanistically distinct signaling functions and that neurolign-1-mediated trans-synaptic cell adhesion signaling critically regulates LTP.
Rank-matching for multihop multiflow

Seeking fundamental insights into multi-hop multi-flow networks we study the simplest non-trivial setting, a 2 × 2 × 2 MIMO interference network comprised of two sources, two relays and two destinations, wherein all nodes have M antennas, all first-hop channels are of rank D 1 , and all second hop channels are of rank D 2 . For this setting, we show that the optimal sum DoF is min(4D 1 , 4D 2 , 2M − |D 1 − D 2 |). While 4D 1 , 4D 2 are the obvious min-cut bottlenecks that are active when either hop is severely rank-deficient, what is remarkable is that under moderate rank-deficiencies the DoF are limited not by the higher or the lower of the two ranks D 1 , D 2 , but only by the difference of the two ranks |D 1 − D 2 |. This suggests an interesting "rank-matching" design principle for multi-hop networks, reminiscent of "impedance matching", wherein the goal is not necessarily to increase or decrease the rank of each hop, but rather to use linear processing at intermediate hops to create effectively a two-hop setting with matching ranks.
Abstract 877: Thioredoxin-1 Maintains Cardiac Function and Metabolic Gene Expression via mTOR Signaling

Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is a 12 kDa oxidoreductase that reduces proteins with disulfide bonds through thiol disulfide exchange reactions. Several lines of evidence show that Trx1 protects cardiomyocyt...
Insertion of a peptide from MuLV RT into the connection subdomain of HIV-1 RT results in a functionally active chimeric enzyme in monomeric conformation

The natural form of the human immunodeficiency virus type one reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) found in virion particles is a heterodimer composed of the p66 and p51 subunits. The catalytic activity resides in the larger subunit in the heterodimeric (p66/p51) enzyme while in the monomeric form it is inactive. In contrast, Murine leukemia virus RT (MuLV RT) is functionally active in the monomeric form. In the primary amino acid sequence alignment of MuLV RT and HIV-1 RT, we have identified three specific regions in MuLV RT, that were missing in HIV-1 RT. In a separate study, we have shown that a chimeric RT construct comprising of the polymerase domain of HIV-1 RT and RNase-H domain of MuLV RT is functionally active as monomer [20]. In this communication, we demonstrate that insertion of a peptide (corresponding to amino acid residues 480– 506) from the connection subdomain of MuLV RT into the connection subdomain of HIV-1 RT (between residues 429 and 430) results in a functionally active monomeric chimeric RT. Furthermore, this chimeric enzyme does not dimerize with exogenously added p51 subunit of HIV-1 RT. Functional analysis of the chimeric RT revealed template specific variations in its catalytic activity. The chimeric enzyme catalyzes DNA synthesis on both heteropolymeric DNA and homopolymeric RNA (poly rA) template but curiously lacks reverse transcriptase ability on heteropolymeric RNA template. Similar to MuLV RT, the polymerase activity of the chimeric enzyme is not affected by acetonitrile, a reagent which dissociates dimeric HIV-1 RT into inactive monomers. These results together with a proposed 3-D molecular model of the chimeric enzyme suggests that the insertion of the missing region may induce a change in the spatial position of RNase H domain such that it is functionally active in monomeric conformation. (Mol Cell Biochem 225: 135–144, 2001)
Mallows' Cp Statistic I†

Mallows Cp statistic is used in multiple regression analysis to select models that contain smaller numbers of predictors from a larger number that is available for inclusion. Low values of Cp indicate regression models that are parsimonious yet still have good predictive ability. Keywords: Multiple regression; variable election; model selection; cross-validation; parsimony
Abstract 1655: Hyperspectral metabolic imaging with a camera

New methods to quantify metabolism in cells, organoids, and tissues are highly demanded for cancer diagnosis and treatment. We developed a light sheet-based volumetric imaging platform to rapidly quantify metabolism via fluorescence spectral signatures of intrinsically fluorescent biomolecules. The ability to quantify metabolism in live cells and tissues can be very powerful as the metabolic activity in rapidly proliferating cells, such as cancer cells, is fundamentally different from non-proliferating cells. Most cancer cells rely on aerobic glycolysis to ferment glucose into lactate independent of the presence of oxygen whereas healthy, differentiated cells primarily rely on oxidative phosphorylation. The rapid generation of cytosolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during proliferation results in elevated ratios of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to NAD+ in cancerous cells that can be detected with fluorescence microscopy of intrinsically (auto)fluorescent molecules such as NADH and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and its variants. This opens a window to quantify ongoing redox reactions as well as important enzymatic reactions via changes of their fluorescence spectral signatures reporting on the metabolic activity of cells. We developed a light sheet-based hyperspectral imaging platform leveraging custom designed sine/cosine filters and spectral phasor data analysis to directly obtain spectral information with a regular camera. The approach was verified by spectrally resolving 3D reconstructions of fluorescence images of fragments of mouse intestinal crypts. The acquisition speed of light sheet-based hyperspectral imaging is on the order of seconds for one 3D stack allowing for sequential, repeated imaging of several samples over the course of hours to days. In summary, the overall goal of this project is to develop a modular imaging platform to overcome the limitations of current, laser scanning-based spectral imaging and to make quantification of metabolism viable in live three-dimensional cell, organoid and tissue samples, that can then be used to, for example, to study the effects of cancer chemotherapy reagents on the metabolism of patient-derived organoids. Citation Format: Per Niklas Hedde, Enrico Gratton. Hyperspectral metabolic imaging with a camera [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1655.
Divergent Effects of HSP70 Overexpression in Photoreceptors During Inherited Retinal Degeneration.

Purpose Disruption of proteostasis is a key event in many neurodegenerative diseases. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) participate in multiple functions associated with intracellular transport and proteostasis. We evaluated the effect of augmented HSP70 expression in mutant photoreceptors of mouse retinal degeneration models to test the hypothesis that failure to sustain HSP70 expression contributes to photoreceptor cell death. Methods We examined HSP70 expression in retinas of wild-type and mutant mice by RNA and protein analysis. A transgenic mouse line, TgCrx-Hspa1a-Flag, was generated to express FLAG-tagged full-length HSP70 protein under control of a 2.3 kb mouse Crx promoter. This line was crossed to three distinct retinal degeneration mouse models. Retinal structure and function were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and electroretinography. Results In seven different mouse models of retinal degeneration, we detected transient elevation of endogenous HSP70 expression at early stages, followed by a dramatic reduction as cell death ensues, suggesting an initial adaptive response to cellular stress. Augmented expression of HSP70 in RHOT17M mice, in which mutant rhodopsin is misfolded, marginally improved photoreceptor survival, whereas elevated HSP70 led to more severe retinal degeneration in rd10 mutants that produce a partially functional PDE6B. In Rpgrip1-/- mice that display a ciliary defect, higher HSP70 had no impact on photoreceptor survival or function. Conclusions HSP70 overexpression has divergent effects in photoreceptors determined, at least in part, by the nature of the mutant protein each model carries. Additional investigations on HSP pathways and associated chaperone networks in photoreceptors are needed before designing therapeutic strategies targeting proteostasis.
Modeling the penetration of polymer into paper during extrusion coating

During the extrusion coating of paper or paperboard, a molten film of polymer is pressed against a paper surface to generate waterproof packaging materials. Hot-melt glues are also applied to various porous materials and paperboard to generate packaging. In both cases, the penetration of the polymer into the pore space influences the product performance and the ability of the product to be recycled at the end of life. While there is much experimental work discussing various parameters in these operations, little theoretical work has been reported. Here, a simple model based on Darcy’s law is proposed to predict the penetration of polyethylene (PE) into paper and paper that has been coated with cellulose nanofibers (CNF). Another model, based on the flow of a polymer into a pore that includes dynamic heat transfer is developed, where the viscosity is a function of temperature. Experiments were conducted where a PE film is pressed against samples and the amount of fiber recovery is characterized. The model predictions are compared to experimental results. Good agreement for different paper types, pressing times, and temperatures is obtained after a calibration factor is used.
Measuring the Impact of Project-Based Design Engineering Courses on Entrepreneurial Interests and Intentions of Alumni

As the field of engineering design has grown, educators have offered students experiential opportunities to engage in industry-sponsored projects that emphasize innovation and creativity and highlight entrepreneurial pathways. At Stanford University, alumni of these courses have gone on to engage in a range of professional endeavors, representing a variety of engineering functions and organizational roles. Much of the evidence of how these curricular efforts contribute to entrepreneurial interests lie primarily in anecdotal examples and stories about alumni career trajectories. Given this gap, this chapter describes the process of developing and implementing a survey instrument focused on gathering feedback and insights from course alumni. The findings inform a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between intensive project-based design experiences and alumni intentions and interests in entrepreneurial outcomes.
Do Longer Constitutions Corrupt

Tsebelis and Nardi (2016) and Tsebelis (2017) report that constitutional length correlates with lower levels of GDP per capita. They argue that this may be the case because longer constitutions lead to greater corruption. However, uncovering a causal relationship between constitutional length and corruption is difficult. On the one hand, political elites may pressure drafters to include specific provisions that facilitate their rent-seeking efforts. On the other hand, constitutional drafters may be responding to corruption by including a large number of specific safeguards. Our aim in this paper is to explore whether there is a causal effect of constitutional length on corruption. We utilize data from the Comparative Constitutions Project (CCP) to identify 5 cases when a country adopted a significantly longer constitution. For each of those cases, we compare the subsequent change in corruption to that of a synthetic control. We report evidence of a significant post-treatment increase in corruption for 3 out of 5 cases (Ecuador in both 1997 and 2008; Venezuela in 1999). However, the 2008 Ecuador result is not robust to a placebo test; and in the case of Venezuela it is difficult to distinguish a constitutional length effect from a “Chavez effect” (Grier and Maynard 2016). The evidence that longer constitutions corrupt is weak.
MXDAG: A Hybrid Abstraction for Emerging Applications

Emerging distributed applications, such as microservices, machine learning, big data analysis, consist of both compute and network tasks. DAG-based abstraction primarily targets compute tasks and has no explicit network-level scheduling. In contrast, Coflow abstraction collectively schedules network flows among compute tasks but lacks the end-to-end view of the application DAG. Because of the dependencies and interactions between these two types of tasks, it is sub-optimal to only consider one of them. We argue that co-scheduling of both compute and network tasks can help applications towards the globally optimal end-to-end performance. However, none of the existing abstractions can provide fine-grained information for co-scheduling. We propose MXDAG, an abstraction to treat both compute and network tasks explicitly. It can capture the dependencies and interactions of both compute and network tasks leading to improved application performance.
Chelator conjugation, Cu-64 radiolabeling, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of hu14.18K322A, an anti-GD2 antibody for imaging neuroblastoma and melanoma

480 Objectives The objective of this project is to characterize Cu-64-labeled antibody-chelate conjugates based on hu14.18K322A, an antibody (Ab) targeting the GD2 disialoganglioside expressed on neuroblastoma and melanoma cells. Such an imaging agent may be useful in following response to therapy or in identifying potential responders prior to initiation of treatment. Methods The antibody was conjugated with 3 chelators - DOTA, p-NH2-Bn-DOTA, and SarAr - and purified prior to radiolabeling. Labeling with Cu-64 was easily achieved in 30 minutes at 37° with >95% RCP. Binding by the conjugates was measured in vitro in 2 GD2 positive cell lines (M21 and NB1643) and 1 GD2 negative cell line (PC-3). Biodistribution studies were carried out at 24-72 hours post injection of tracer in SCID mice bearing s.c. NB1643 neuroblastoma or M21 melanoma tumor xenografts. Results Cell binding studies demonstrated higher uptake of the Ab-SarAr conjugate (1.5±0.060% cell associated /mg protein, n = 3) over 60 minutes in the NB1643 tumor cells, while uptake was only 0.76±0.040 %/mg for the Ab-DOTA and 0.48±0.030 %/mg for Ab-p-NH2-Bn-DOTA conjugates. M21 cells showed 0.46±0.015 %/mg binding, while PC-3 cells showed only 0.071±0.0048 %/mg binding of the Ab-p-NH2-Bn-DOTA conjugate. Specificity of cell binding was confirmed by blocking (80% or greater) with a 180X mass dilution with unconjugated antibody. Biodistribution studies showed 12 and 15% ID/g uptake in both NB1643 and M21 tumor-bearing mice for Ab-p-NH2-Bn-DOTA and SarAr, respectively. Conclusions Cu-64-labeled hu14.18K322A retains its antigen binding ability after conjugation with chelators and radiolabeling. With further study, this tracer could be a promising agent for PET imaging of neuroblastoma and melanoma
Excitatory amino acids and divalent cations in the kindling model of epilepsy.

The epilepsies are chronic disorders of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent convulsive or non-convulsive seizures. Recent estimates suggest between 20 and 40 million people may be affected worldwide. One research strategy for investigating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of the epileptic state has been the development of experimental animal models. Recently, one major model in particular has emerged as a focus of intense research effort: the kindling phenomenon first described by Goddard et al. (1969). The partial seizures, which constitute the behavioral manifestations of the amygdala-kindled model, are considered to represent the best available analogy to human complex partial (temporal lobe, ‘psychomotor’, limbic) epilepsy (McNamara, 1984a).
Mexico's Foreign Exchange Controls. Two Administrations-Two Solutions. Thorough and Benign

"This Article refers to foreign exchange control legislation issued and published up to January 10, 1983. **Licenciado en Derecho, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; LL.M. University of Michigan; Coordinator of the Commission of Foreign Investment of the Mexican Bar Association; Partner, Gomez-Palacio y Asociados, S.C., Mexico City; Author of "Analisis de la Ley de Inversion Extranjera en Mexico."
Characterization of the 5 GHz wireless channel for small airport surface areas

This paper presents measured results and empirical wireless channel models for small airport surface environments at 5 GHz. The measurements were conducted at three general aviation (GA) airports: Burke Lakefront Airport (Cleveland), Tamiami (Miami), and Ohio University Airport. The transmitter was fixed either atop the air traffic control tower or on a building roof, and the receiver moved around the terminal and runway areas. For initial modeling purposes, we parsed the measurement locations geographically into line of sight-open (LOSO) areas, line of sight (LOS-2) and non line of sight-specular (NLOS-S) regions. Delay spread estimates - minimum, root mean square (rms), and maximum - are provided, along with the statistical distribution of the rms delay spread. Maximum delay spread values of 2 microseconds were obtained in some locations. Example plots for channel transfer functions and frequency correlation estimates yield estimates of coherence bandwidths. An example tapped delay line channel model, along with statistical tap amplitude distributions, is also provided, along with example tap correlation coefficients.
The Prospects for Convergence in Collective Redress Remedies in the European Union

The European Commission, in 2011, published for public consultation its working document, "Towards a Coherent European Approach to Collective Redress." Its purpose was to identify common legal principles or collective address among the member states and to determine how those principles could fit into the legal system of the EU and the member states in providing greater access to justice. The focus of this paper is to analyze those common principles in the EU and contrast them with principles in the United States that have long nourished a robust class action remedy for aggrieved consumers. The paper concludes that there is virtually no likelihood of EU and U.S. convergence on collective redress. The EU's legal traditions make it abundantly clear that the U.S. class action model provides the best example of "what not to do" in the European Union. The responses to the European Commission's public consultation suggest that a supranationally-imposed EU class action regime is equally unlikely. The Commission, in its recent Recommendation, has opted against any supranational imposition of a common collective redress remedy, confirming that convergence among the member states is, for now, a lost prospect.
A framework for secured collaboration in mHealth

We have designed a novel framework of services, protocols and technologies to ensure the secure collaboration in M2M networks, specifically in mobile health. The promise of mobile health to reform preventive self-care opens new doors for remote monitoring to improve health care communication. With cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as an example, we classify our M2M elements into services, roles, human-computer protocols and technologies through which we require trust, anonymity, scalability, and active detachment. We simulate a scenario in which a patient needs CPR and through the use of widely available technologies (such as a smartphone and secure web sockets) we demonstrate a technological collaboration that facilitates secure emergency mobile health services.
An independent perspective on the Human Genome Project.

The Human Genome Project is occurring on a scale unprecedented for the biological sciences. As a way of providing a fresh, "outsider9s" view of the central issues and problems, the Department of Energy asked the JASON group to look at present-day sequencing technology and possibilities for the future, quality assurance and control (QA/QC) issues relevant to sequencing, and informatics. There is a clear need for coordination and improvements in all areas if the project is to meet its goal of a complete human sequence by 2005.
EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS: A PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Two experimental paradigms are described. In the first, an economic equilibrium that would be predicted for rational agents is shown to occur with quite unintelligent behavior. The second paradigm demonstrates that the random allocation of a good alters its value for the recipients. The different values of owners and non-owners induce a reluctance to trade, which contradicts a standard assumption of economic analysis.
Towards increasing health care in the developing world: development of a sustainable site in Bolivia

Most Americans are aware of the great need for health care services in the developing world. In this article, Dr. Thomas Gellhaus provides a compelling story of his volunteer efforts to provide obstetric/gynecologic surgical services to developing countries. Since 1996, he has completed 16 projects in the Dominican Republican, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Tanzania. In direct response to Dr. Gellhaus’ successes, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Iowa has made a commitment to develop a sustainable site in Bolivia. Current plans include annual projects that allow physicians and residents to provide valuable medical care to patients in Bolivia, and the long-term vision is to develop an infrastructure that improves health care in this population.
Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy With Real-Time Perfusion Assessment

Background Surgical resection is viewed as the most effective way to ensure both locoregional control and long-term survival in esophageal cancer. Although minimally invasive esophagectomy has been widely accepted as an alternative to open surgery, the role of robotic assistance has yet to be elucidated. We report our institutional experience with robotic-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy using real-time perfusion assessment and demonstrate this as a safe and technically feasible alternative to traditional open Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients undergoing robotic-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy at a single institution from 2011 to 2014 was performed. Operative and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Results Fifty-four patients underwent robotic-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy during the study period. Indication for surgery was cancer in 49 patients, 38 of whom underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. The average operative time was 6 hours 2 minutes, and the average blood loss was 74 mL. There was 1 postoperative mortality (1.9%). Three (5.5%) patients experienced an anastomotic leak. The average number of lymph nodes harvested in cancer patients was 16.2 (range, 3 to 35). The average length of stay was 12.9 days. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that robotic-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy using real-time perfusion assessment is a safe and technically feasible alternative to traditional open Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. It allows for R0 resection with adequate lymph node harvesting and a short hospital stay.
Sustainable Design with BIM Facilitation in Project-based Learning☆

Abstract Emerging trends of green building and building information modelling (BIM) are driving profound transformation within the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry nowadays. This paradigm shift has also set up new expectations on college students for their competencies in sustainability and BIM. While most higher education institutions have already incorporated such topics in their curricula, green building and BIM are typically taught separately. In this study, instructors from two classes adopted an integrated approach and designed a joint course project focusing on both sustainable design and BIM implementation. With BIM facilitation, students collaborated in teams working on artefacts and other tasks to accomplish predefined sustainable goals for a real building project. The project based learning provides an ideal framework to evaluate critical factors that influence the execution of BIM in green building project delivery. Formative and summative assessments of student learning outcomes in model communication, teamwork, critical thinking, problem-solving, and sustainability were conducted. The results of this study provide insight into innovative pedagogic design for sustainability and BIM education in the AEC curricula. The study also confirmed the effectiveness of project based learning in cultivating student competencies in critical thinking and problem-solving within a multidisciplinary project environment.
Alternatively Spliced Forms in the Carboxy-Terminal Domain of the p53 Protein Regulate Its Ability to Promote Annealing of Complementary Single Strands of Nucleic Acids

The carboxy-terminal domain of the p53 protein comprising amino acid residues 311 to 393 is able to promote the reassociation of single-stranded RNA or DNA into duplex hybrids. This domain is as efficient as the intact p53 protein in both the rate and the extent of the double-stranded product produced in this reaction. Both wild-type and mutant p53 proteins from cancerous cells carry out this reaction. The monoclonal antibody PAb421, which detects an epitope between residues 370 and 378, blocks the ability of p53 to reassociate single strands of RNA or DNA. Similarly, the alternative splice form of the murine p53 protein, which removes amino acid residues 364 to 390 and replaces them with 17 new amino acids, does not carry out the reassociation reaction with RNA or DNA. This is the first indication of functionally distinct properties of the alternative splice forms of p53. These results suggest that this splice alternative can regulate a p53-mediated reaction that may be related to the functions of this protein.
Transposition of Ac from the P locus of maize into unreplicated chromosomal sites

We have analyzed donor and target sites of the mobile element Activator (Ac) that are altered as a result of somatic transposition from the P locus in maize. Previous genetic analysis has indicated that the two mitotic daughter lineages which result from Ac transposition from P differ in their Ac constitution at the P locus. Both lineages, however, usually contain transposed Ac elements which map to the same genetic position. Using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and genomic blot analysis, we identified Ac elements at both the donor P locus and Ac target sites and used this assay to clone the P locus and to identify transposed Ac elements. Daughter lineages were shown to be mitotic descendants from a single transposition event. When both lineages contained Ac genetic activity, they both contained a transposed Ac element on identical genomic fragments independent of the genetic position of the target site. This indicates that in the majority of cases, Ac transposition takes place after replication of the donor locus but before completion of replication at the target site.
Intellectual Property Rights and Climate Change: Principles for Innovation and Access to Low-Carbon Technology

As the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) meeting convenes this month in Copenhagen, Denmark, intellectual property (IP) rights remain a highly contentious issue that threatens the long-term prospects of these negotiations. Meaningful and sustainable reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions necessitate further innovation and deployment of low-carbon ("clean") technologies to avoid cuts in energy consumption that are politically infeasible and undermine economic development in developing countries. Further development and dissemination of clean technologies requires a workable IP framework. Views in the UNFCCC process, however, remain divided, largely along north-south lines, over whether IP rights are a significant potential barrier to the international transfer of clean technology or necessary to induce its development and effective deployment. Failure to reconcile these two positions could derail the negotiations and diminish chances for effective climate control. A new approach is needed.This note (1) describes the need for consensus on IP rights in the UNFCCC negotiations; (2) suggests principles for addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by IP in this context; and (3) puts forward the broad outline of an approach that would facilitate the uptake of clean technologies, preserve incentives for privately financed innovation, and allow the Parties to address and move past the issue of IP rights in the UNFCCC negotiations.
Evolution of CT Imaging Features of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques in a 1-Year Prospective Cohort Study

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify imaging markers and clinical risk factors that significantly predict the evolution of computed tomography (CT) imaging features of carotid artery atherosclerotic disease over a 1-year period. METHODS Our prospective study involved 120 consecutive patients undergoing emergent CT evaluation for symptoms of acute stroke. These patients were asked to consent to a follow-up CT exam in 1 year. To evaluate for atherosclerotic plaque, both at baseline and on follow-up, we employed a comprehensive computed tomography angiography (CTA) protocol that captured the carotid, vertebral, aortic, and coronary arteries. To further evaluate carotid artery plaque components, we used an automated classifier computer algorithm that distinguishes among the histological components of the carotid artery wall (lipids, calcium, fibrous tissue) based on appropriate thresholds of CT density. Baseline values of carotid imaging features and clinical variables were assessed for their ability to significantly predict changes in these imaging features over 1 year. RESULTS Of these 120 consecutive patients, 17 received both a baseline and a follow-up CTA exam. Wall volume increased more when the largest lipid cluster was located close to the lumen (coefficient −7.61, −13.83 to −1.40, P = .016). The volume of lipid increased with age (coefficient .36, .21 to .50, P = .000), in smokers (coefficient 8.89, 6.82 to 10.95, P = .000) and when fewer lipid clusters were present at baseline (coefficient −0.11, −0.17 to −.04, P = .001). The volume of calcium increased with greater volume of lipid at baseline (coefficient .35, .02 to .68, P = .035) and in patients on statins (coefficient 4.79, 1.73 to 7.86, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS There are a number of imaging markers and risk factors that significantly predict the evolution of CT imaging features of carotid artery atherosclerotic disease over a 1-year period.
The Meaning Connection Between Mindfulness and Happiness

This article proposes a humanistic-oriented theoretical foundation for meaning in life as a mediator between mindfulness meditation and happiness. Three main functions of mindfulness are introduced: nonidentification, choice, and compassion. These functions are examined through the lens of meaning in life theory. Implications for humanistic counselors are discussed.
Self-Efficacy and Multicultural Teacher Education in the United States: The Factors That Influence Who Feels Qualified to be a Multicultural Teacher Educator

A growing body of scholarship in the United States focuses on the “multicultural” dispositions, ideologies, and attitudes that teachers carry from preservice training into classroom practice. However, little attention has been paid to the dispositions, ideologies, and attitudes of multicultural teacher educators—those tasked with preparing teachers to teach multiculturally. This scholarly gap limits understandings of how and by whom this preparation is happening. The purpose of this study, drawing on scholarship about the role of efficacy in educational environments, was to fill part of that void by examining the experiences by which multicultural teacher educators in the United States come to feel qualified to teach multicultural teacher education courses. Results suggested higher efficacy among White and “other race” participants than African American participants and higher efficacy among heterosexual participants than their lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning counterparts. No significant difference...
Heme-heme interactions in cytochrome c oxidase; Effects of photodissociation of the CO compound

Abstract The binding of CO to reduced cytochrome a 3 results in the heme of oxidized cytochrome a changing from high spin to low spin. Photodissociation of the CO at 10°K not only shifts the epr signal of the low spin heme to a higher magnetic field but also changes some of the low spin heme to high spin heme. Thus “heme-heme interaction” can occur even at 10°K.
Situational specificity makes the difference in assessment of youth behavior disorders

In this article we examine the ability of contextual information to enhance assessment of behavior problems in schools. Capitalizing on the multisituational structure of the Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents, exploratory and confirmatory analyses with a representative national sample (N = 1,400, ages 5–17 years) revealed three unique and reliable behavioral situtypes (problems in Peer Contexts, Academic Contexts, and Teacher Contexts). The situtypes were found internally consistent and structurally generalizable across age, sex, and ethnicity. Multiple logistic and discriminant analyses confirmed the ability of the situtypes to identify accurately those youth independently diagnosed as emotionally disturbed, as well as distinguish those diagnosed as learning disabled. Information gleaned from the situtypes was substantially better able than conventional psychopathology syndromes (attention-deficit hyperactivity, oppositional defiance, etc.) to forecast later academic achievement. Implications for informing motivation and intervention are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 121–136, 2005.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 212

The evaluator presents in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reactions for all nuclei with mass number A = 212. Highlights from this evaluation include the recent studies of the 208Pb(7Li,3nγ) reaction (1999Ba30,1998By01), which have extended the previously known level scheme of 212At up to Jπ=25− and provided additional shell-model configuration assignments. Also, it includes the new α-particle and γ-ray data from the α decays of 216Fr (ground state and isomer) (1996Li37), 216Ac (ground state and isomer)(2000He17), and 216Pa (2000He17). Finally, this evaluation presents strong evidence supporting the discovery of a new isotope of protactinium, 212Pa (1997Mi03). The use of the radius parameter (r0) from 1998Ak04 in the calculation of α hindrance factors for odd-odd nuclei presented here provides uniformity for the application of these quantities to nuclear systematics. The Limitation of Relative Statistical Weight (LWM) method (1985ZIZY) has been very useful for the analyses of discrepant data throughout this evaluation.
The association of sexual risk behaviors and problem drug behaviors in high school students

Purpose: To examine the associations among early age of onset of sexual intercourse and drug use, lifetime and current problem drug behaviors, and sexual risk behaviors. Methods: The 1993 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey was administered to a sample of 3,054 students from randomly selected high schools and classrooms; 36% (1,078) consistently reported having had sexual intercourse. Three indicators of sexual risk behaviors were assessed: (1) number of lifetime sexual partners, (2) number of recent partners, and (3) condom nonuse at last intercourse. Three sets of independent variables were analyzed: (1) age of onset of sexual intercourse and drug use, (2) lifetime drug use, and (3) recent drug use. Results: Years of sexual intercourse, early age of onset of marijuana and cocaine use, lifetime frequency of marijuana, crack/freebase cocaine and alcohol use, and black race accounted for moderate amounts of the variation in the number of lifetime sexual partners. Years of sexual intercourse, early age of onset of marijuana use and cocaine use, lifetime frequency of crack/freebase and marijuana use, and recent use of cocaine, alcohol, and cigarettes accounted for smaller but significant amounts of the variation in the number of recent partners. Students more likely to report recent condom nonuse were older, females, had more years of sexual intercourse, had tried cocaine at a younger age, had used marijuana and cocaine more times (lifetime), and had more frequent recent use of marijuana. Conclusions: Increased frequency and severity of drug use behaviors and more years of sexual intercourse are associated with an increased number of sexual partners and recent condom nonuse. These findings may guide history-taking and referral practices of health care providers. Programs designed to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy should address drug use as well as sexual behavior.
Distance Between External Cortical Bone and Mandibular Canal for Harvesting Ramus Graft: A Human Cadaver Study

Background: The aims of this study are to determine the distance of the external surface of the buccal cortical plate to the inferior alveolar canal in the mandibular molar region and to propose a safe thickness for harvesting a mandibular ramus block graft. Methods: Thirty-four cadavers consisting of 26 dentate jaws and eight jaws in the edentulous molar region were used in this study. All mandibular ramus grafts were harvested by one investigator with the grafts extending from the external oblique ridge (EOR) and 15 mm inferiorly in the apico-coronal direction and extending from the mid-buccal aspect of the first molar to the mid-buccal aspect of the third molar in the mesiodistal direction. Measurements were made of the cortical bone thickness of the harvested ramus graft and from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the EOR, the CEJ to the mandibular border, and the CEJ to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Results: The average buccal cortical plate thickness in dentate mandibles was 2.76 – 0.13 mm, whereas in edentulous posterior mandibles it was 2.52 – 0.32 mm. The IANs were exposed in all jaws but were intact. Conclusion: The safe thickness to harvest ramus grafts was determined to be 2.5 to 3.0 mm. J Periodontol 2010;81:239243.
Coming of Working Age Today: Differences in Risks and Opportunities

Young People and Social Change: Individualization and Risk in Late Modernity. Andy Furlong and Fred Cartmel. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press, 1997.
WITHDRAWN: Anti-plane surface waves on a halfspace with depth-dependent properties

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the Editor In Chief. Parts of the article require revision and it will be some time before a revision can be submitted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy .
The optophone: an electronic blind aid

This article presents a short but detailed description of the optophone-its origins as a reading device for the blind, the various stages of its development, and the possibility of its use as a mobility aid for the blind. Research into the use of stereo vision is described as an aid to information reduction, in the hope of remedying the problems of information overload that commonly plague electronic blind aids.
Understanding Urban Adolescent Mothers' Visions of the Future in Terms of Possible Selves

ABSTRACT As part of a larger study of factors influencing the educational and occupational achievement of adolescent mothers, this study explored the phenomenology of pregnant and parenting teens' aspirations and expectations using the construct, “possible selves.” Focus group discussions, autobiographical projects, and self-report surveys revealed that African American pregnant and parenting youth develop self-representations related to future achievement in the context of interactions with neighborhoods, health care systems, and adult support figures. Results related to teens' “ideal selves,” “feared selves,” and “who they might become” are presented.