cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship between obesity and symptomatic Chiari I malformation in the pediatric population

Background: Concomitant with the rise in childhood obesity in the United States is an increase in the diagnosis of Chiari I malformation (CM1). Objective: To discern a correlation between obesity and CM1, defined as >5 mm of cerebellar tonsillar descent on sagittal magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: Charts of CM1 patients aged 2–20 years were retrospectively reviewed. Chiari size, age, body mass index (BMI), and CM1 signs/symptoms were recorded. Patients were stratified by age: 2–9, 10–14, and 15–20 years. Mixed-effect linear models and linear regression analysis were applied to investigate the relationship between BMI-for-age percentiles and CM1 signs/symptoms. Results: One hundred sixty-seven patients were included (mean age 14.5 ± 2.97 years, BMI 22.98 ± 6.5, and Chiari size 12.27 mm ± 5.91). When adjusted for age, 42% were overweight or obese–higher than normative BMI for children in the studied area (29.6%). When stratified by age, patients between 2 and 9 years were most commonly obese and presented the highest mean BMI (25.66), largest Chiari size (13.58), and highest incidence of headache (75%) and syringomyelia (66.67%). Patients between 15 and 20 years were most commonly overweight and presented the smallest Chiari size (11.76 mm), but the highest incidence of cerebellar (50%) and brainstem (8.55%) compression symptoms. A significant positive correlation existed between BMI and headache in the first two age groups: (R2: 0.36, P = 0.03; R2: 0.39, P = 0.01, respectively). Obese patients had higher incidence of headache in the 10–14 group (R2: 0.37, P = 0.02) and the largest Chiari size in the 15–20 group (R2: 0.40, P = 0.03). Conclusions: The pediatric CM1 population is more likely to be overweight or obese. Younger obese patients presented the highest incidence of Chiari-related headache symptoms, and older obese patients, the highest incidence of findings other than headache. Thus, body weight and age should be considered when evaluating children with CM1.
Cultural Politics amongst South Asians in North America

(1999). Cultural Politics amongst South Asians in North America. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 151-162.
Thyroidal hormones influence oil red O staining of lipids in cultured human kidney cells.

Summaryl-Thyroxine (1.78 × 10-7−8.90 × 10−6M) added to the growth medium enhances lipid staining by oil red O in the T−1 human kidney cell line. By counting dye droplets as a function of hormone concentration, a biphasic response pattern is disclosed, the optimal effect resulting from a titer of 1.78 × 10−6M. Fewer experiments made with l-triiodothyronine suggest similar biphasic behavior and that the most active concentration is about one-tenth less than T4; as little as 8.90 × 10−9M of T3 increases lipid visualization. These findings further substantiate the validity of the T-1 cell line as an in vitro model for investigating thyroidal hormone interactions.
View of the government network according to the application of electronic technology to taxation

The government network is not only the acquirement of new technological tools and the change of managerial models,but also the more efficient service the government offers to the society by means of electronic technology.The taxation informationization is the application of electronic technology to the tax practice.
Unpacking the Relationship between Prosecutors and Democracy in the United States

What implications does a commitment to democracy have for the regulation of American prosecutors? The answer is complicated, for three different reasons. First, it will depend on our ideas about democracy. In the United States there at least two very different clusters of ideas about democracy — democratic pluralism and participatory democracy — and they have different implications for how we should think about prosecutors. Second, the implications of any understanding of democracy for prosecutors will depend on what we want from prosecutors, and those desiderata vary widely. Reconciling democracy with prosecutors is one kind of task if our expectations for prosecutors are, loosely speaking, “adversarial,” and a different kind of task if our expectations are instead, loosely speaking, “inquisitorial.” Third, expectations for prosecutors do not just vary widely from person to person; most of us, as individuals, want conflicting things from prosecutors, because we have come to depend on prosecutors to mediate between conflicting expectations for the legal system as a whole. As a result, prosecutors blur key boundaries that structure our thinking about criminal justice, a fact that itself makes it more difficult to hold prosecutors accountable in any customary way. Despite — and to some extent because of — these complexities, a commitment to democracy in the United States implies certain imperatives for reforming prosecutors’ offices. One of those imperatives is to increase the demographic diversity of prosecutors; another is to reconsider the emphasis our legal culture increasingly places on flexibility and boundary-blurring; and still another is to give communities better tools for understanding and evaluating the day to day work of prosecutors’ offices.
Naturally light scalars.

I argue that in certain chiral gauge theories composite scalars associated with chiral symmetry breaking can be light (i.e., lighter than naive scaling from QCD would suggest) without any fine-tuning. These scalars will be even lighter in chiral gauge theories that produce chiral symmetry breaking without confinement. I construct a model which demonstrates this last possibility. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Insomnia as a predictor of job exit among middle-aged and older adults: results from the Health and Retirement Study.

Objectives Poor health is a recognised predictor of workforce exit, but little is known about the role of insomnia in workforce exit. We examined the association between insomnia symptoms and subsequent job exit among middle-aged and older adults from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Methods The study sample consisted of 5746 respondents aged between 50 and 70 who were working for pay when interviewed in the HRS 2004 and were followed up in the HRS 2006. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the association between number of insomnia symptoms (0, 1–2, 3–4) and job exit (no exit, health-related exit or exit due to other reasons). Results In models adjusting for demographic characteristics, baseline health status and baseline job characteristics, compared with respondents with no insomnia symptoms, those with 3–4 insomnia symptoms had approximately twice the odds of leaving the workforce due to poor health (adjusted relative risk ratio=1.93, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.58, p=0.036). There was no association between insomnia and job exit due to non-health reasons. Conclusions An elevated number of insomnia symptoms is independently associated with leaving paid employment. Workplace screening for and treatment of insomnia symptoms may prolong labour force participation of middle-aged and older adults.
Building a Molecular Taxonomy of Disease

The advent of high throughput technologies contributes to the rapid growth of molecular-level knowledge about human disease. However, existing disease taxonomies tend to focus on either physiological characterizations of disease or the organizational and billing needs of hospitals. Most fail to fully incorporate our rapidly increasing knowledge about molecular causes of disease. More modern disease taxonomies would presumably be built based on the combination of clinical, physiological, and molecular data. In this study, we analyzed our ability to infer disease relationships from molecular data alone. This approach may provide insights into how to ultimately build more modern taxonomies of disease
Lactation Consultants' Perceived Barriers to Providing Professional Breastfeeding Support.

Background:Addressing suboptimal breastfeeding initiation and duration rates is a priority in the United States. To address challenges to improving these rates, the voices of the providers who work with breastfeeding mothers should be heard.Research aim:The purpose of this study was to explore lactation consultants’ perceived barriers to managing early breastfeeding problems.Methods:This qualitative study was conducted with a grounded theory methodological approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 International Board Certified Lactation Consultants across Florida. Lactation consultants were from a range of practice settings, including hospitals, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinics, private practice, and pediatric offices. Data were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in Atlas.ti.Results:A range of barriers was identified and grouped into the following categories/themes: indirect barriers (social norms, knowledge, attitudes); direct occupatio...
Spin Injection and Transport in Magnetic-Superconducting Oxide Heterostructures

Advances in thin film deposition techniques, in particular molecular beam epitaxy, have made it possible to produce bilayer heterostructures of high-temperature superconductors and manganite perovskites. The latter exhibit the phenomenon of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR). The half-metallic character of CMR compounds results in their carriers being spin polarized. The geometry of the structures that have been fabricated is such that it is possible to measure the interface conductance–voltage characteristic G(V) as well as the current–voltage characteristic of the superconducting half of the bilayer. Injection of carriers suppresses superconductivity in the latter, with a current gain of order unity. The data exhibit qualitative features of equilibrium theories of spin-polarized transport across an interface between a ferromagnet and an anisotropic superconductor, although a detailed understanding requires generalization of the theory to include out of equilibrium effects.
Zoning and trapping effects on CO and hydrocarbon light-off in Diesel Oxidation Catalysts

Monometallic Pt and bimetallic Pt/Pd oxidation catalysts, as model diesel oxidation catalysts, were tested in the oxidation of CO, C2H4, C2H6, C7H8, and C6H14. These single monolith catalysts were then compared to a dual-zoned system, where two monoliths were placed in series and the zones were comprised of different Pt/Pd ratios. Finally, a dual-layered system was also evaluated, where the added layer was made of Ag/BEA as a hydrocarbon trap. In terms of trends observed, for the single-zoned system, increasing the Pd content led to increased CO oxidation activity, while the best hydrocarbon oxidation was observed with increasing Pt content, except in the case of C2H6. An improvement in overall oxidation performance was achieved with the dual-zoned system, where a catalyst with a 1:5 Pt:Pd ratio upstream and monometallic Pt downstream proved best of those tested. This is attributed to a combination of relatively high CO oxidation in the upstream high-Pd content piece and the relatively high hydrocarbon ox...
Incidence and histologic features of mixed renal tumors

Background and Objectives Guidelines for management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incompletely address the implications of mixed renal tumor histology. We investigate the incidence of mixed renal tumors identified at renal surgery and determine the association with pathologic features. Methods Institutional kidney tumor database was reviewed to identify 536 patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy. Clinical, demographic, and pathologic data were collected. A linear fixed effects model and logistic regression determined the association of mixed tumor histology with tumor size, stage, grade, and nephrometry score. Results Three hundred and eighteen men and 218 women with a median BMI of 31 and median tumor size of 3.5 cm were included. 469 (87.5%) patients had pathologic kidney cancer with the most common histologies being clear cell carcinoma in 343 (73.1%) patients, papillary in 81 (17.3%) patients, and chromophobe in 25 (5.3%) patients. Twenty (4.3%) patients had mixed tumors on final pathology. Clear cell RCC was the most common primary pathology in patients with mixed tumor histology (n = 14, 75%) with additional primary tumor histologies included papillary and chromophobe. When considering secondary histologies, 85% were coexistent primary renal cancers while 15% (n = 3) were benign renal tumors. No association of mixed tumor histology and adverse pathologic features was noted. Conclusions Mixed tumor histology is an uncommon entity that is not associated with adverse features in a solitary renal mass. These results are especially relevant in discussing the role of renal mass biopsy, and provide further evidence that renal sampling is a valuable tool in the appropriate clinical context.
Political institutional environment and management culture as determinants of nongovernmental/nonprofit organizationsʼ performance

This study evaluates the effects of political institutional environment and management culture on the performance of nongovernmental/nonprofit organizations (NGOs/NPOs). Through narrative analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with the founders and directors of six Muslim womenʼs organizations (MWOs) in the United States and the Netherlands, the paper explores how these organizationsʼ relationship with the state, and the ethnic resources and management culture affect their performance. The findings indicate that when performance is evaluated as goal attainment, MWOs perform satisfactorily. However, when performance is assessed using financial sustainability or social image dimensions the results were mixed. Overall, the findings confirm that political institutional environment has significant impact on NGO/NPO performance, and that ethnic culture play a role in how MWOs are managed.
Where the Catholic Church Draws the Line: Mary Ward vs. the Catholic Priesthood

This chapter uses the lessons gleaned throughout the book from the intersections of religion and gender to confront the conundrum raised in the introduction: Mary Ward’s harsh treatment by the papacy considering the good work the English Ladies were doing to bolster Catholicism in the British Isles. By focusing upon the language contained in critiques of Ward, the prominence of Catholic concerns about women—and, indeed, any layperson—assuming apostolic and priestly activities come to light. The Church drew the line at compromising its core doctrine of apostolic succession, protecting the clergy’s sacramental powers. Such issues are then integrated into contemporary discussions not only about gender but about the nature and limits of divine authority itself and to whom it gets given, including women’s ordination to the Catholic priesthood and greater roles for laymen and women in liturgy and sacrament.
Seismic response of the Mars Curiosity Rover: Implications for future planetary seismology

Abstract Seismic measurements are an important tool for exploration of planetary interiors, but may not be included in missions due to perceived complexity in placement of sensitive instruments on the surface. To help address this concern, we assess the fidelity of recordings of ground motion by an instrument placed on the deck of the engineering model of the Mars Science Laboratory compared with an identical instrument placed on the ground directly beneath. Comparison of the recordings reveals clear recordings of teleseismic earthquakes on both instruments. The transfer function between the instruments demonstrates the deck instrument is affected by resonance frequencies of the lander, and does not faithfully record ground motion at these frequencies or higher. In addition, additional decoherence is observed near 1 Hz during periods of strong airflow due to air conditioning cycling. However, excellent coherence and a transfer function near 1 can be observed in the important seismic band between 2 and 30 s at all times and extending up to the lander resonances during the night time when air conditioning was not running. This suggests a deck-mounted seismic instrument may be able to provide valuable science return without requiring additional deployment complexity.
Translating Behavioral Science into Practice: A Framework to Determine Science Quality and Applicability for Police Organizations

Policy on officer-involved shootings is critically reviewed and errors in applying scientific knowledge identified. Identifying and evaluating the most relevant science to a field-based problem is challenging. Law enforcement administrators with a clear understanding of valid science and application are in a better position to utilize scientific knowledge for the benefit of their organizations and officers. A recommended framework is proposed for considering the validity of science and its application. Valid science emerges via hypothesis testing, replication, extension and marked by peer review, known error rates, and general acceptance in its field of origin. Valid application of behavioral science requires an understanding of the methodology employed, measures used, and participants recruited to determine whether the science is ready for application. Fostering a science–practitioner partnership and an organizational culture that embraces quality, empirically based policy, and practices improves science-to-practice translation
Representation of Functions and Total Antisymmetric Relations in Monadic Third Order Logic

We analyze the representation of binary relations in general, and in particular of functions and of total antisymmetric relations, in monadic third order logic, that is, the simple typed theory of sets with three types. We show that there is no general representation of functions or of total antisymmetric relations in this theory. We present partial representations of functions and of total antisymmetric relations which work for large classes of these relations, and show that there is an adequate representation of cardinality in this theory (a result already shown in a somewhat different way by Henrard in unpublished work, but our approach differs from his in providing representations of bijections between sets in a stronger sense). The relation of our work to similar work by Henrard (to whom we are indebted) and Allen Hazen (who arrived at related results independently) is discussed. This work can be understood as part of a program of assessing the capabilities of (relatively) weak logical frameworks: our results are applicable for example, to the framework in David Lewis’s Parts of Classes.
A Survey of Electromagnetic Methods of Nondestructive Testing

Electromagnetic methods of nondestructive testing (NDT) can be classified according to their mode of specimen excitation: Direct current excitation results in active leakage fields around defects in ferromagnetic materials. Residual leakage fields around defects in ferromagnetic materials occur after removal of the dc excitation current. Alternating current excitation of conducting materials results in induced eddy currents which are sensitive to a wide variety of specimen properties.
The Casas Grandes regional system: A late prehistoric polity of northwestern Mexico

Casas Grandes, or Paquime, is located in northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico, although it is one of the pueblo-style cultures that are best known from the adjacent southwestern U.S. At its apogee (ca. A.D. 1200–1450), Casas Grandes has been characterized as the largest and most complex prehistoric community in the puebloan world. It is further famous both as the center of one of the major interaction systems of the region, as well as a link between the cultures of Mesoamerica and those of the U.S. Southwest. Despite its acknowledged status as one of late prehistoric North America's few indigenous complex societies, the Casas Grandes polity has been so little studied that most aspects of its size, structure, level of centralization, and mode of operation remain obscure. The writers' work in Chihuahua has been designed to remedy this situation. In contrast to the original and highly influential interpretation that has prevailed for the last 25 years, the work reported here argues that the Casas Grandes polity, like its Chacoan and Hohokam counterparts of the adjacent southwestern U.S., existed at an intermediate level of sociopolitical complexity, so that it was not able to exert a uniform hegemony even over its near neighbors. Envisioned instead is a less comprehensive, less centralized situation of irregular control in a politically unstable context.
Uses of Counting and Matching in Cardinal Equivalence Situations: Equivalence and Order Relations on Cardinal Numbers

Cardinal equivalence situations are those in which the issue is the nature of the equivalence or order relation on the two cardinal situations. Any two cardinal situations A and B are related either by equivalence or by one of two order relations: A has the same number as B (A ≅ B) or A has more than B (A > B) or A has less than B (A < B).1 How young children come to understand these equivalence and order relations on cardinal situations and when they become able to use various strategies for determining which relation applies to a given situation is the focus of this chapter. We discuss three different classes of cardinal relational situations: the static comparison of two cardinal situations, the dynamic transformation of a single cardinal situation, and the dynamic transformation of a cardinal situation within a static compare situation. The particular strategies by which the appropriate cardinal relation can be determined for each class of situations is described; for each class there is a range of possible strategies available. For each class a developmental sequence of strategy use from age 2 to 8 is proposed. Literature supporting these sequences is reviewed.
Electrochemical determination of erosive wear of high carbon steel grinding balls

A jet slurry apparatus has been constructed to test corrosive/erosive wear properties of grinding ball metal Plain high carbon steel heat treated to a hardness of about 60 Rc was used. Slurries of quartz and chalcopyrite ore concentrate were used as the jetting media. Weight loss due to pure corrosion was determined by the linear polarization technique. Weight loss due to pure erosion was determined by jetting while cathodically protecting the sample. By comparing the total weight loss with the sum of the weight losses from pure corrosion and pure erosion, it was found that there was a synergistic effect between corrosion and erosive wear. Corrosion rate, erosion rate, and total erosion/corrosion rate are given as a function of pH and mineral type.
pRNFL as a marker of disability worsening in the medium/long term in patients with MS

MS is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the CNS (including the retina) that leads to progressive neurologic disability. Disability correlates with the degree of axonal pathology in the disease.1,2 The clinical course of MS is unpredictable, making the search for biomarkers associated with enhanced risk of disease progression a major unmet need. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a potential predictor of disability worsening up to 5 years of follow-up after a single evaluation of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL).3 Time domain OCT (TD-OCT) is an older technology, characterized by lower axial resolution and slower acquisition speed (400 axial scans per second) resulting in lower resolution images and more frequent motion artifacts compared with SD-OCT.4 TD-OCT was used over 10 years ago to assess retinal neurodegeneration in patients with MS but only now has enough time passed to assess its actual predictive potential for clinical progression.
Adaptation to climate change through genetic accommodation and assimilation of plastic phenotypes

Theory suggests that evolutionary changes in phenotypic plasticity could either hinder or facilitate evolutionary rescue in a changing climate. Nevertheless, the actual role of evolving plasticity ...
2016 Elijah High Altitude Balloon Launch Team Summer Proceedings Report

The 2016 Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium Elijah High Altitude Balloon Launch Team was comprised of two students from Milwaukee School of Engineering, one student from University of Wisconsin â€“ Fox Valley, and one student from Carthage College. This year, the majority of the students involved were discovering the balloon launch experience for the first time. The 2016 Elijah Balloon Launch Team held a meeting for the new members to learn how all of the equipment worked through a practice run using the tools in a trial.The first launch planned was cancelled, and was postponed to the next weekend. This launch was successful, reaching a peak altitude of 31,021m.Â
Identification of human palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) using cell-permeable, fluorescently-labeled peptide probes

1479 Ras proteins and Src-related tyrosine kinases are involved in signaling pathways that drive processes such as cancer cell survival and proliferation. Several of these proteins require the post-translational covalent attachment of lipids for their proper subcellular localization and function. This makes the enzymes that catalyze these reactions attractive targets for new drugs, and modification of Ras proteins by farnesyltransferase has been extensively explored as a target for anticancer drugs. However, the dynamic process of S-palmitoylation, which is catalyzed by palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs), may be an alternate target. We have recently shown that HIP14 is an oncogenic human PAT that modifies C-terminally farnesylated proteins such as H-Ras, and we’ve identified multiple chemotypes of PAT inhibitors. However, a limitation in the identification and characterization of PATs and their inhibitors has been the lack of quantitative assays of PAT activity. In the present studies, we use cell-permeable, fluorescently-labeled lipidated peptides that mimic the PAT recognition domains of farnesylated (i.e. H-Ras) and myristoylated (i.e. Src-RTKs) proteins in cellular assays for human PATs. The PAT substrate peptides are accumulated by SKOV3 cells in a saturable and time-dependent manner, and the palmitoylated and nonpalmitoylated forms of the peptides are quantitatively differentiated by HPLC. Although both peptides are rapidly palmitoylated, the SKOV3 cells have a greater capacity to palmitoylate the myristoylated peptide than the farnesylated peptide. Confocal microscopy indicates that both peptides are initially localized to the plasma membrane; however, with longer incubations, the dually lipidated peptides traffic to intracellular regions that co-stain with a Golgi marker. We are currently using molecular (cDNA transfection and RNA interference) and pharmacologic approaches to evaluate the PAT activites and selectivities of several DHHC-containing proteins. Overall, these studies indicate that the lipidated peptides are useful cellular probes for quantitative and compartmentalization studies of protein palmitoylation, and the characterization of PAT activities in intact cells. This will be useful in the identification of targets for future cancer drugs.
Bucket Wheel Reclaimer Calibration

This paper presents a method to calibrate the extrinsic parameters of LIDARs mounted on a Bucket Wheel Reclaimer (BWR). BWR's are widely used for stacking and reclaiming bulk materials in stockyards. Current BWR systems are either manually operated, remotely operated or semiautomated using the real-time point cloud data generated by one or more LIDARs. Accurate calibration is of crucial importance as the accuracy of the Earth frame point cloud data depends on it. Automated calibration is also a pre-requisite for fully autonomous BWR control. Calibration of BWR systems are more difficult than many other LIDAR systems because of their limited pose variation capabilities and the environmental constraints of stockyards. This paper analyzes the problem, presents observability conditions, presents a method to estimate the calibration parameters and discusses the challenges involved with BWR systems. The results demonstrate subdecimeter accuracy.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Dosing in Critically Ill Patients: A Quality Improvement Initiative

Rationale & Objective Clinical practice guidelines recommend delivering a continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) dose of 20 to 25 mL/kg/h. However, practice patterns nationwide are highly variable; this inconsistent prescribing may lead to errors in medication dosing and increase rates of electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities. We describe an initiative to standardize CRRT practice patterns and reduce dosing variability. Study Design Quality improvement study. Setting & Participants Adult patients treated with CRRT at the University of Colorado Hospital between January 2016 and October 2017. Quality Improvement Activities An assessment of the magnitude of the variability in CRRT dosing and the following specific interventions were implemented during the course of 1 year: (1) modification of the electronic medical record (EMR) to include calculated average 24-hour dose in real time, (2) modification of the CRRT procedure note to include comments on dosing, (3) modification of the CRRT order set to display calculations, and (4) yearly educational sessions for renal fellows outlining CRRT-specific dosing targets. Outcomes The primary outcome was weekly percentage of CRRT treatments with an average delivered daily dose of 20 to 25 mL/kg/h. Process and balancing outcomes included CRRT flowsheet accuracy, documentation of rates of delivered dose, and nursing satisfaction. Analytical Approach Rates of weekly CRRT dosing in compliance with national guidelines were determined and used to create run charts showing compliance rates before and after the quality improvement interventions. Results Among 837 treatments before the intervention, 279 (33%) daily CRRT sessions achieved an average dose of 20 to 25 mL/kg/h. Following implementation of interventions, 631 of 952 (66%) treatments achieved this goal. Week-to-week variation in dosing was significantly reduced. Limitations A single-center study generating data that may not be generalizable to institutions with different CRRT nursing models or different EMR systems. Conclusions Changes to the EMR and documentation templates and education of CRRT providers about dosing were associated with doubling of the rate of appropriate CRRT dosing and reduction in dosing variability.
A Pilot Study Evaluating a School-Based, Trauma-Focused Intervention for Immigrant and Refugee Youth

Immigrant and refugee children often experience stressful or traumatic events that greatly impact their ability to function in school. The dysregulatory and somatic symptoms of trauma such as hyper-arousal and dissociation as well as co-morbid anxiety and depression can have a profound impact on academic and social functioning. Addressing these symptoms requires approaches that help children develop the ability to calm their bodies and achieve a state of emotional regulation and brain-body integration. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a school-based somatic soothing intervention designed to help children manage dissociative and dysregulatory symptoms. A convenience sample of 34 mostly refugee and immigrant youth who struggled with these symptoms were recruited for this study. The children were between the ages of 6 and 11 and reported experiencing war, interpersonal violence and neglect as well as stressors associated with migration, displacement, and resettlement. Participants in this study scored highly on baseline measures for post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety indicating a high amount of comorbid psychiatric symptomology. Participants reported statistically significant improvement in anxiety, depression, psychological functioning, and trauma symptomology post-intervention with medium to large effect sizes ranging from .46 to 1.08. Qualitative results from teacher reports indicated strides in confidence, communication, academic functioning and social interaction for most participants. The positive associational findings suggest that this intervention may hold promise and warrants further investigation using more rigorous designs.
Effect of Eating at Various Times upon Subsequent Performances in Swimming

Abstract This study was conducted to determine what effect six different time intervals (1/2 hr., 1 hr., 1 1/2 hr., 2 hr., 2 1/2 hr., and 3 hr.) between eating and swimming have on the time required to swim 100 yards free style. Ten measures of the time required for each of 14 subjects to swim 100 yards were obtained for each of six time intervals after eating a small meal. The criterion measure used was the mean of the ten trials for each time interval. The analysis of the data indicates that, according to the F ratio, no one of the six intervals between eating and swimming has more effect on swimming times than any other.
Facial Papules in Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome: A Growing Spectrum of Pathologic Findings

Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome is rare genodermatosis caused by a mutation in the folliculin gene. It is characterized by pulmonary cysts, renal tumors, and a variety of skin manifestations including trichodiscomas, fibrofolliculomas, less commonly reported angiofibromas, and perifollicular fibromas. These cutaneous lesions have overlapping histopathologic features. Here we report a case of a man presenting with facial papules and nonspecific histology found to have Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome and a novel mutation in the folliculin gene. Our aim is to raise awareness of the spectrum of associated cutaneous and pathologic findings in Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, which are not all included in the diagnostic criteria.
Utilizing Practice-Based Research Networks to Teach and Implement Quality Improvement in Academic Medicine.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A 2019 study found that between 2014 and 2017, family medicine residents had little improvement in self-assessed preparedness to lead quality improvement projects. This study explored the effectiveness of leveraging a practice-based research network (PBRN) across multiple family medicine residencies not only for implementing quality improvement projects, but also as a teaching tool designed to improve knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and leadership skills in family medicine faculty and residents. METHODS Residents in family medicine residency programs and one community internal medicine program and family medicine teaching faculty participated in a PBRN-led quality improvement project (QIP) to improve colon cancer screening in their clinic. Of 101 participants, 79 (78%) were residents and 22 (22%) were faculty or attending physicians. Questions surveying participants' knowledge and confidence related to QIP before and after the QIP were given. RESULTS Overall, participants reported an improvement in their basic understanding of QI concepts (P=.004). They also reported having sufficient staff and ancillary support to meaningfully participate (P=.033). Participants indicated they had more confidence in their ability to participate in a QI project (P=.002), initiate, design, and lead such a project (P=.001), and teach their peers and staff basic QI concepts (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS PBRNs appear to be a unique way to subjectively improve residents' confidence in their quality improvement skills. PBRNs should be further explored as a method for educating family medicine residents in quality improvement.
Socio-economic status and COVID-19-related cases and fatalities.

Abstract Objectives The United States has the highest number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the world, with high variability in cases and mortality between communities. We aimed to quantify the associations between socio-economic status and COVID-19–related cases and mortality in the U.S. Study design The study design includes nationwide COVID-19 data at the county level that were paired with the Distressed Communities Index (DCI) and its component metrics of socio-economic status. Methods Severely distressed communities were classified by DCI>75 for univariate analyses. Adjusted rate ratios were calculated for cases and fatalities per 100,000 persons using hierarchical linear mixed models. Results This cohort included 1,089,999 cases and 62,298 deaths in 3127 counties for a case fatality rate of 5.7%. Severely distressed counties had significantly fewer deaths from COVID-19 but higher number of deaths per 100,000 persons. In risk-adjusted analysis, the two socio-economic determinants of health with the strongest association with both higher cases per 100,000 persons and higher fatalities per 100,000 persons were the percentage of adults without a high school degree (cases: RR 1.10; fatalities: RR 1.08) and proportion of black residents (cases and fatalities: Relative risk(RR) 1.03). The percentage of the population aged older than 65 years was also highly predictive for fatalities per 100,000 persons (RR 1.07). Conclusion Lower education levels and greater percentages of black residents are strongly associated with higher rates of both COVID-19 cases and fatalities. Socio-economic factors should be considered when implementing public health interventions to ameliorate the disparities in the impact of COVID-19 on distressed communities.
Coming Up Short: Managing Underfunded Portfolios in an LDI-ES Framework

The authors present a liability-directed investment (LDI) rebalancing framework that is based on expected shortfall (ES), denoted as LDI-ES, to prescribe remedies for an underfunded portfolio. Investors endowed with some current wealth optimize their target wealth at the end of N periods, subject to their tolerance for shortfalls from that target wealth. The authors contrast LDI-ES rebalancing with fixed-proportions rebalancing, in which portfolio allocations are rebalanced to ratios, such as 60:40, at the beginning of each of N periods. They consider critical issues of underfunding, in which no portfolio can meet the shortfall constraint, as well as the effectiveness of portfolio infusions in resolving underfunded situations relative to other measures, such as increasing risk, cutting back on target liabilities or goals, and extending the portfolio horizon.
Abstract B25: Combined proteomic and genetic interaction mapping reveals new Ras pathway effectors and regulators

Despite intensive study, no drugs in clinical use specifically target KRAS-mutant tumors. Uncharacterized feedback pathways and unmapped compensatory pathways, including compensation among paralogs, hinder our ability to target Ras effector pathways, requiring a better catalogue of pathways upstream and downstream of Ras. We used tandem affinity purification of Kras, Hras and Nras, their activated alleles and key proteins with known regulatory (GEFs, GAPs) or effectors (Raf, RalGDS1, RIN1/2) in both 293 cells and A549 NSCLC cells to generate a high-confidence protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of 220 proteins showing 1,400 physical interactions. The network was used to design an sgRNA library (10 sgRNAs/gene) and screen Cas9-expressing A549 cells for strong growth dependencies. These data were then used to select 120 genes and construct a 2-gene tandem sgRNA library of highest relevance to the Ras pathway (with 60 control sgRNAs). This 2-gene sgRNA library was tested in A549 and H23 NSCLC lines for quantitative single and two gene-dependent quantitative changes in growth, showing 100s of strong synthetic lethals among 14K pairwise tests. These genetic interactions in conjunction with PPIs and TCGA data identify extensive coupling between Raf/MEK/ERK kinases, Ral and Rap GTPases, the Rap1GDS1 small GTPase controller, and RADIL cell adhesion pathways. The screen identified new candidate effector pathways for cell adhesion, Rap GTPase regulation, and protein processing, including new understudied Kras direct effectors RADIL, RGL1/2/3, and RIN1/2. Additional 20 x 20 custom libraries were screened in a broader panel of Kras-mutant versus other NSCLC lines. These screens revealed systematic Kras-dependent synthetic lethality among components of the MAP kinase pathway (ERK1/ERK2, ERK1/RAF1, MEK1/MEK2 etc.) and other interactions between the MAPK pathway and components of the Ral and Rap GTPase, RADIL cell adhesion pathways and RIN1-dependent macropinocytosis pathways. Using the recent Kras G12C inhibitor in H23 cells, we have validated that sgRNA knockouts of these Kras effector affect these specific, new pathways: cell adhesion via RADIL, growth signaling via Rap1GDS1 and RhoA, and macropinocytosis via the Rab5 GEF RIN1. Application of the Kras inhibitor ARS-853 shows much-reduced effects on specific Kras effector pathways in cells deleted for these specific effectors, showing these effectors are highly coupled to Kras. Our systematic data reveal new genetic vulnerabilities and target candidates with potential for new therapeutics. Citation Format: Marcus Kelly, Kyuho Han, Kaja Kostyrko, Nancie Mooney, Edwin Jeng, Janos Demeter, Alejandro Sweet-Cordero, Michael Bassik, Peter K. Jackson. Combined proteomic and genetic interaction mapping reveals new Ras pathway effectors and regulators [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers; 2018 Dec 9-12; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(5_Suppl):Abstract nr B25.
Brief of 14 Professors of Law as Amici Curiae in Support of the Petition for Rehearing En Banc in GlaxoSmithKline v. Teva Pharmaceuticals, Fed. Cir. No. 18-1976

In GlaxoSmithKline LLC v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., the Federal Circuit considered whether labeling and marketing materials for a generic drug could induce infringement of a patent on a method of using that drug, despite the label and those materials having carved out indications relating to that method pursuant to FDA procedures and the Hatch-Waxman Act. In an original opinion from 2020 and a revised opinion in 2021, a panel of the court affirmed a jury finding of inducement. This brief calls on the full Federal Circuit to reconsider that decision en banc, for two reasons. First, the panel’s treatment of inducement opens up a direct conflict between patent law and the Hatch–Waxman Act amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Those amendments, which enable abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs), require a generic to use the same labeling as its equivalent brand-name product with only limited exceptions, as part of the carve-out procedure that deals specifically with inducement. By requiring ANDA applicants to make scattered revisions throughout their labels lest they induce infringement despite FDA approval of the label otherwise, the panel decision conflicts with this aspect of Hatch–Waxman. Importantly, the decision does not merely create dual tracks of liability that ANDA applicants must navigate; it creates a tension between the laws themselves insofar as one threatens to frustrate the other. Such a tension must be resolved in the process of statutory construction, which the panel decision failed to do. Second, the panel relies on product advertisements and government submissions that a product is “equivalent” to another to find inducement of a method-of-use patent. Such a result is problematic insofar as it denies basic comparative product information to consumers. That problem is especially concerning given that statements of product equivalence are found in a range of industries beyond generic drugs, such as biosimilars, mechanical repair parts, and information and communication technology. En banc review is necessary to reevaluate the panel’s decision insofar as it potentially creates new and unexpected avenues of patent infringement in all of these fields.
There Is No Escape: Theatricality in Hades

To date, the theatricality of videogames has been examined primarily through the lens of performance, a perspective that centers the liveness of theater and identifies the player with the role of the actor. However, another key facet of theatricality—the process of continuous reflective reinterpretation that characterizes theatrical production—has received less attention, despite its apparent applicability to the cyclical nature of many games. We conduct a reading of the narrative roguelike videogame Hades that emphasizes this reinterpretive process, and find that Hades is essentially structured around a sort of “diegetic backstage” that deliberately invites the player into the process of dramatic reinterpretation—leveraging the power of computation to prompt reflection on the game’s core themes and repeated remotivation of the game’s core gameplay. Our reading suggests that videogames, by shortening the reinterpretive loop that characterizes theatrical production and enabling players to experience many iterations of this loop within the comfort of their own home, can unlock a form of the pleasure that the members of a theater production derive from gradually bringing an initially flawed and disharmonious production into harmony.
Age in the Welfare State: The Origins of Social Spending on Pensioners, Workers, and Children

This book asks why some countries devote the lion's share of their social policy resources to the elderly, while others have a more balanced repertoire of social spending. Far from being the outcome of demands for welfare spending by powerful age-based groups in society, the 'age' of welfare is an unintended consequence of the way that social programs are set up. The way that politicians use welfare state spending to compete for votes, along either programmatic or particularistic lines, locks these early institutional choices into place. So while society is changing - aging, divorcing, moving in and out of the labor force over the life course in new ways - social policies do not evolve to catch up. The result, in occupational welfare states like Italy, the United States, and Japan, is social spending that favors the elderly and leaves working-aged adults and children largely to fend for themselves.
Regulation of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis in cultured hypothalamic and mesencephalic neurons by cyclic AMP dependent GTP cyclohydrolase I gene expression.

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is the essential cofactor for phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases, enzymes that are rate-limiting in the catabolism of phenylalanine and the biosynthesis of catecholamines and indoleamines1. The family of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), enzymes that produce nitric oxide (NO) from arginine, also require BH4 for activity2,3,4. GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the BH4 biosynthetic pathway, and catalyzes the formation of D-erythro-7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate and formate from guanosine-5’-triphosphate5,6. The concentration of BH4 within monoaminergic neurons appears to be subsaturating so that changes in BH4 levels can alter monoamine synthesis. Whether a similar situation exists within neurons that contain NOS and synthesize NO is currently unknown. In order to investigate the possible regulation of BH4 biosynthesis within central neurons we have used monolayer cultures of hypothalamic (HYP) and mesencephalic (MES) neurons derived from day 15 rat embryos. Our results indicate that BH4 synthesis can be stimulated by a cyclic-adenosine 3’5’-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent increase in GTPCH gene expression. If these findings can be generalized to NOS-containing neurons, their capacity to increase NO production might also be increased by elevated levels of BH4.