cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation of preferential movement of bromide tracer under field conditions

Abstract Leaching of agricultural chemicals from the root and vadose zones into groundwater is an important environmental concern. To procure a better understanding of the movement and transport of agricultural chemicals through the soil profile, a field research study was conducted to estimate bromide leaching losses under saturated conditions where preferential flow is occurring. The field data were then used to evaluate the LEACHM model. Eighteen double-ring infiltrometers were used to apply a pulse (100 mm depth) of bromide tracer on two previously saturated soils located in a karst region of southeastern Pennsylvania. Internal drainage over the next seven days resulted in nearly 51% of the applied Br − being leached to a depth below 0.80 m. The LEACHM model was used to simulate the amount of bromide leached in each infiltrometer. The model predicted, accurately, an average of 46% of the applied Br − leached below the 0.80 m depth. Mean values of bromide concentration in the soil profile were predicted within two standard deviations of the measured mean for all depths except for the 0.20–0.40 m depth increment where the model overpredicted the bromide concentration. The model predictions of Br − leached were tested against field measurements using several statistical tests. The LEACHM model performed adequately under preferential flow conditions, perhaps because the infiltration rate at each site was used as a model input. This, actually, is some measure of the macropore flow process and suggests that simple models such as LEACHM can be used in the field, as long as a distribution of infiltration rates is used as an input.
Implementing E-Reserves Using Voyager: Anytime and Anywhere

SUMMARY Endeavor's Voyager Library System can provide an effective, low-cost method of delivering electronic reserves for users. This article details how the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire successfully implemented Voyager electronic reserves. It shows how to overcome limitations in the Voyager software, and gives suggestions for handling copyright compliance, reporting, authentication, and integration of electronic reserves into course management systems.
Effects of bentonite on infectivity and stability of TMV-RNA☆

Abstract Bentonite in sufficient concentration almost completely inhibits the action of pancreatic ribonuclease and permits the near-quantitative removal of the enzyme by centrifugation. In the presence of sufficient bentonite, tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid (TMV-RNA) is completely resistant toward pancreatic ribonuclease, and it is only very slowly inactivated by plant nucleases. TMV-RNA prepared in the presence of bentonite or subsequently treated with bentonite is much more stable when incubated with 0.1 M phosphate in the absence of bentonite than is the untreated RNA. The infectivity of viral RNA is increased about tenfold by addition of bentonite to the test solution or to the leaf surface prior to application of the RNA solution to be assayed. No such potentiating effect is found when the intact virus is used as inoculum. This effect of bentonite is attributed to the in situ inhibition of plant nuclease, the presence of which is believed to limit the infectivity of the exposed viral RNA.
Interpersonal Versus Mass Media Communication A False Dichotomy

We challenge the intellectual separation of interpersonal and mass media communication, arguing that this division of communication research rests primarily on grounds of historical convenience and university politics. There is little theoretical justification for the dichotomous division of our field, yet we provide evidence that communication scholars seldom cross-cite research articles between the two subdisciplines, rarely attend scientific conferences in ways that span this distinction, and often are segregated in separate university departments. The intellectual costs of this division are discussed, and possible means of furthering intellectual exchange between the two subdisciplines are discussed.
Does Art have Selective Value

In the absence of satisfactory accounts by evolutionary biologists to explain the ubiquity and persistence of art in all human societies, a number of reasons offered by other writers for the existe...
Surface-enhanced infrared absorption-reflectance (SEIRA) microspectroscopy for bacteria localization on geologic material surfaces

Abstract Surface-enhanced infrared absorption-reflectance (SEIRA) microspectroscopy is potentially a useful chemical/biological probe to provide insights into the localization of living endolithic bacteria on the surfaces of geologic materials. This hypothesis was tested by validating and demonstrating the use of SEIRA with a metal-overlayer configuration to identify qualitatively on vesicular basalt surfaces the highly localized differences in the chemical composition and in the structure of clusters of endolithic bacteria, vesicles, and minerals. The metal-overlayer configuration was achieved by evaporating a thin gold-film on basalt specimen surfaces. Fourier-transform SEIRA microspectra of the specimen surfaces were recorded in the 650–4000 cm−1 infrared region at a resolution of 4 cm−1 on a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer coupled to an infrared microscope. All bacteria-inhabiting surfaces exhibited infrared absorption bands indicative of bacterial cells, bands that became ideal biomarkers by which to detect the presence of bacteria. All basalt surfaces exhibited infrared absorption bands indicative of silicates, bands that became ideal mineral markers by which to detect the presence of silicate-containing minerals and locations of vesicles (gas-bubble cavities). Comparative analysis of space-resolved microspectra suggested that bacteria in the vesicular basalt lived not only on the vesicle surface but that they also penetrated and lived beneath the vesicle surface. The penetration terminated when calcic-plagioclase feldspar became the dominant constituent mineral in the vesicular basalt. With this experimental effort, the practical aspects and the usefulness of SEIRA as a promising tool to complement existing techniques for studying the in-situ localization of living bacteria in geologic materials have been demonstrated.
Elucidation of the poly-l-proline binding site in Acanthamoeba profilin I by NMR spectroscopy

The multifunctional protein profilin is one of the most abundant proteins in the cytoplasm and is thought to regulate actin assembly and the phosphoinositide signaling pathway. Profilin binds to several different ligands including actin, poly-l-proline, and the head groups of polyphosphoinositides. Knowledge of profilin/ligand interactions is important for understanding the physiology of profilin in the cell. As a first step in the characterization of profilin/ligand complexes, we have studied a profilin/poly-Pl-prohne complex in solution using high resolution NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of profilin NOE's and chemical shift data indicates that the protein secondary structure is conserved upon binding to poly-l-proline and that the binding site is located between the N- and C-terminal helices in a region rich in highly conserved aromatic sidechains. This site is adjacent to the proposed binding site for actin. In addition, the rate constant for dissociation of the complex is found to be 1.6 ± 0.2 × 104 s−1.
Conochilus in Lake Washington

The rotifer Conochilus unicornis appeared in Lake Washington sporadically and usually in small numbers during a total of 28 years of observation since 1933. Conochilus hippocrepis was present even less frequently until the 3 year period 1977–1979, when it became extraordinarily abundant. The abundances of food organisms and known predators have been examined.
Peripheral neuropathy incidence in inflammatory bowel disease A population-based study

Objective: Our aim was to determine the incidence of peripheral neuropathy in a population-based inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort from Olmsted County, Minnesota. Methods: We retrospectively ascertained neuropathy incidence in a population-based cohort of adult persons newly diagnosed with IBD between 1940 and 2004 in Olmsted County, Minnesota, using the medical records linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of neuropathy. Results: A total of 772 Olmsted County residents aged 18 to 91 years were diagnosed with IBD. After 12,476 person-years, 9 patients developed neuropathy, providing an overall incidence rate of 72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 33–137) cases per 100,000 IBD person-years. The cumulative incidence rates after 10, 20, and 30 years were 0.7% (95% CI 0.0%–1.3%), 0.7% (95% CI 0.0%–1.5%), and 2.4% (95% CI 0.6%–4.6%), respectively. Neuropathy was diagnosed after 1 to 44 years from IBD onset. Only 2 patients had active bowel disease at the time of neuropathy onset. The clinical spectrum consisted of 1) monophasic immune radiculoplexus neuropathy (comorbid diabetes in 2 of 4 patients) and 2) chronic distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (comorbid diabetes in 2 of 5 patients). Conclusions: Our population-based study suggests that neuropathy is uncommon in the patient population of IBD. Radiculoplexus neuropathy and sensorimotor polyneuropathy were both observed, commonly during periods of bowel disease inactivity. Clinicians should consider other etiologies of neuropathy in patients with IBD.
The measurement of coronary blood flow, oxygen consumption, and efficiency of the left ventricle in man

Abstract The left ventricular coronary blood flow and left ventricular oxygen consumption per unit weight have been determined in twenty-six patients by means of the nitrous oxide method in conjunction with catheterization of the coronary sinus. The studies were performed on normal individuals and on patients with various forms of cardiovascular disease. The technique of coronary sinus catheterization and of the nitrous oxide method as applied to the coronary circulation in man have been presented. In the normal subject the left ventricular coronary blood flow per 100 grams per minute and the left ventricular oxygen consumption per 100 grams per minute averaged 65 c.c. and 7.8 c.c, respectively. The average oxygen extraction was 12 volumes per cent. In acutely anemic patients the left ventricular coronary blood flow per 100 grams per minute was slightly increased, whereas the left ventricular oxygen consumption per 100 grams per minute and the left ventricular oxygen extraction were reduced. In patients with essential hypertension, left ventricular coronary blood flow per 100 grams per minute, left ventricular oxygen consumption per 100 grams per minute, and left ventricular oxygen extraction were normal. In patients with coarctation of the aorta, the average left ventricular coronary blood flow per 100 grams per minute, left ventricular oxygen consumption per 100 grams per minute, and left ventricular oxygen extraction were all increased. In congestive failure due to mitral stenosis and insufficiency and to arteriosclerotic heart disease the left ventricular coronary blood flow per 100 grams per minute, was normal. The oxygen extraction was slightly elevated. Despite clinical and radiological evidence of marked left ventricular enlargement, the oxygen consumption per 100 grams per minute was only slightly elevated. Left ventricular coronary blood flows per 100 grams per minute were increased in patients with aortic insufficiency, arteriovenous fistula, and hyperthyroidism. The left ventricular coronary blood flow was normal in the patient with aortic stenosis. The left ventricular oxygen consumption per 100 grams per minute was normal in patients with aortic stenosis, with arteriovenous fistula, and with hyperthyroidism. It was elevated in the patient with aortic insufficiency. In one patient with clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of coronary occlusion with myocardial damage, the left ventricular coronary flow per 100 grams per minute, the oxygen extraction, and the left ventricular oxygen consumption per 100 grams per minute were markedly reduced. The results indicate that chronic increase in the energy requirements of the heart were met, not by an increase in the oxygen consumption per unit weight, but by an increase in the total oxygen consumption due to hypertrophy. The efficiency of the failing heart was low as a result of markedly decreased work in conjunction with slightly increased oxygen consumption.
The osmotic nature of the ion-induced swelling of rat-liver mitochondria.

Abstract Analytical techniques have been developed to measure the relation between water uptake and cation uptake in rat-liver mitochondria. The water content of inner and outer mitochondrial compartments were separately measured using [ 131 I]albumin and [ 14C ]sucrose. The cation contents of the same mitochondrial pellets were measured using flame photometry. These data were used to measure the water content of each compartment which was necessary, since the basic osmotic relationships are only revealed when movements into the inner and outer compartments are separately examined. The relation between the water uptake and K + uptake, either spontaneous or valinomycin-induced, was dependent on medium osmolality. The concentration of the K + solution taken up in the inner compartment was compatible with the hypothesis that transport-linked mitochondrial swelling is driven by osmotic pressure differences which have been induced by solute movement. The changes in volume of the water compartment and in ion content during phosphate-induced swelling and during incubation in the absence of substrate were analyzed using the same methods. Under these experimental conditions also, the mitochondrial inner compartment appears to be in osmotic equilibrium with the external medium.
Peripheral T lymphocytes from women with breast cancer exhibit abnormal protein expression of several signaling molecules.

We examined signaling molecules of peripheral blood T lymphocytes obtained from women with breast cancer. In 6 of 14 patients, T lymphocytes displayed an impaired ability to translocate NFeB p65 (Rel-A) following activation by anti-CD3 and IL-2. This observation was made despite normal cytoplasmic levels of the Rel-A protein. We also detected abnormally low levels of the signaling molecules T-cell receptor (TCR)-ζ, ZAP-70 and p56lck in 4 of 14 breast cancer patients, i.e., defects in T-cell signaling molecules. T lymphocytes from 6 of the 14 patients also exhibited an increased expression of the dual specificity phosphatase, map kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). MKP-1 inactivates MAP kinase and therefore may interfere with the activation of c-jun and c-fos. Abnormalities of 1 or more signaling molecules were found in 9 of 14 patients; however, only 3 patients had T cells that exhibited all 5 defects. Our data have implications for the detection of potentially dysfunctional T cells in patients with cancer. For example, the analysis of only 1 signaling molecule may allow patients with significant defects in T-cell signaling to go unnoticed. Finally, despite impaired Rel-A translocation, T cells were capable of transcribing IL-2. Impairments in the translocation of Rel-B and c-Rel further suggest that the NFκB family members Rel-A, Rel-B and c-Rel are not required for the transcription of IL-2 in the peripheral T lymphocytes of patients with breast cancer. Int. J. Cancer 78:16–20, 1998.© 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High Resolution x-Ray Spectroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation: Source Characteristics and Optical Systems

In this paper we describe the properties of the SPEAR storage ring at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center as a synchrotron radiation source for X-ra
Helicon Propagation in Metals near the Cyclotron Edge

The theory of Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance with helicon waves is elaborated by calculating the magnetic-field dependence of the surface impedance near the cyclotron absorption (Kjeldaas) edge. It is found that the location of the edge, defined as that field for which the field derivative of the surface reactance is a minimum, deviates significantly from the threshold field defined by the Doppler-shifted frequency criterion. The deviations are large when ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}\ensuremath{\tau}l50$. The theory is compared with the experimental work of Taylor on Na and K. The data agree well with the free-electron model for Na, but there is a large discrepancy (770 G for 10-Mc/sec helicons) in K. The surface impedance is also calculated for a metal with a spin-density-wave ground state, in order to test the hypothesis of such a ground state, previously made to explain other anomalies in K. The edge field derived for a spin-density-wave state appropriate to K is 730 G less than that required by the free-electron model, and agrees with the published data.
Gamma-ray attenuation coefficients for germanium

Abstract An interpolation method based on the values listed in NBS-583 for five elements adjacent to germanium was used to determine the gamma-ray attenuation coefficients of germanium. If the region of the atomic numbers, Z, is relatively small and the gamma-ray energy is not too close to the K-shell energies for the elements in this range of Z, the attenuation coefficients will vary smoothly and not too drastically as a function of Z.
Skin sensory innervation patterns in embryonic chick hindlimb following dorsal root ganglion reversals.

During embryonic development skin sensory neurons in lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) establish their dermatomes and axonal projections in a precise, orderly fashion in the chick. To investigate mechanisms responsible for this specific outgrowth, the rostrocaudal order of DRGs T7-LS3 was reversed by rotating the corresponding segments of neural crest, either alone or together with the underlying neural tube in St.15–16 embryos. The resulting skin sensory innervation patterns, mapped physiologically or an-atomically at St.29–40, differed between the two experimental groups. Following neural tube rotations DRGs tended to establish innervation patterns that were consonant with their original position in the embryo. Axons from these rotated DRGs generally projected into the appropriate pathways and innervated the appopriate region of skin. Neural crest rotations left the ventral neural tube (including the motor neuron precursors) largely intact. In this case rotated DRGs tended to establish innervation patterns in accordance with their new position in the embryo, almost as if no rotation had been made. These results cannot be explained solely by the inherent specificity of sensory neurons. Instead, the results are largely consistent with the suggestion (Honig et al., 1986; Landmesser and Honig, 1986) that motor axons can direct the outgrowth of sensory axons and thereby influence the establishment of sensory innervation patterns. Other mechanisms that may also affect the development of sensory innervation patterns are discussed.
Pyrolysis of cyclopentadiene: Rates for initial C−H bond fission and the decomposition of c-C5H5

The pyrolysis of cyclopentadiene has been observed in shock waves with two complementary methods: time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) and laser-schlieren (LS) densitometry. Experiments, encompassed the ranges 100–450 Torr and 1500–2500 K. The low-temperature LS experiments show brief, early maxima indicative of chain reaction initiated by C−H fission. Precise and consistent rate constants are obtained from both experiments for this reaction, and a very good Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) fit is possible with standard parameters. The result is a barrier of 84±2 kcal/mol for C−H fission and a consequent Δ f H o 298 =65.3 kcal/mol for c -C 5 H 5 radical Rate constants are also estimated for the important secondary reaction c -C 5 H 5 →C 3 H 3 +C 2 H 2 . These are also successfully RRKM-modeled with the aid of high-level density-functional calculations of the transition state for the 1,2 H-atom shift that controls the rate of this reaction. The large rates for this are shown to be a consequence of a newly calculated low barrier of 61.9 kcal/mol and a 10-fold reaction path degeneracy that arises from a facile pseudorotation in this Jahn-Teller molecule. The experiments and model reported here provide the first quantitative evidence for the H-atom shift mechanism for this reaction.
Photon-induced dissociation with a four-sector tandem mass spectrometer.

The feasibility of using photodissociation of protonated peptide molecules to sequence specific fragment ions with a 193-nm pulsed laser beam in a magnetic deflection tandem mass spectrometer of EBEB configuration was demonstrated. Although the short pulse (15 ns) and low repetition rate (100 Hz) of the excimer laser permitted the irradiation of only ∼ 0.02% of the (M + H)+ ions exiting MS-1, a photon-induced decomposition spectrum of the heptapeptide angiotensio III (M r 930.5) was produced that was practically the same (but with better signal-to-noise ratio) as that generated by collision-activated dissociation at the same low duty cycle. Because of the low and pulsed fragment ion currents, an array detector was used to record the spectra. A dependence between laser power and abundance of fragment ions was observed (increased power increases the relative abundance of ions of low mass). Laser power was varied from 6 to 80 mJ. Formation of fragment ions from a large peptide (melittin, M, 2844.75) was also observed. The results permit the design of modifications that may increase the fragment ion yield to 10% or higher, which would make photon-induced decomposition a useful method for magnetic deflection mass spectrometers.
NELF Potentiates Gene Transcription in the Drosophila Embryo

A hallmark of genes that are subject to developmental regulation of transcriptional elongation is association of the negative elongation factor NELF with the paused RNA polymerase complex. Here we use a combination of biochemical and genetic experiments to investigate the in vivo function of NELF in the Drosophila embryo. NELF associates with different gene promoter regions in correlation with the association of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and the initial activation of gene expression during the early stages of embryogenesis. Genetic experiments reveal that maternally provided NELF is required for the activation, rather than the repression of reporter genes that emulate the expression of key developmental control genes. Furthermore, the relative requirement for NELF is dictated by attributes of the flanking cis-regulatory information. We propose that NELF-associated paused Pol II complexes provide a platform for high fidelity integration of the combinatorial spatial and temporal information that is central to the regulation of gene expression during animal development.
Non-power law behavior in fragmentation cascades

Collisions resulting in fragmentation are important in shaping the mass spectrum of minor bodies in the asteroid belt, the Kuiper Belt, and debris disks. Models of fragmentation cascades typically find that in steady-state, the solution for the particle mass distribution is a power law in the mass. However, previous studies have typically assumed that the mass of the largest fragment produced in a collision with just enough energy to shatter the target and disperse half its mass to infinity is directly proportional to the target mass. We show that if this assumption is not satisfied, then the power law solution for the steady-state particle mass distribution is modified by a multiplicative factor, which is a slowly varying function of the mass. We derive analytic solutions for this correction factor and confirm our results numerically. We find that this correction factor proves important when extrapolating over many orders of magnitude in mass, such as when inferring the number of large objects in a system based on infrared observations. In the course of our work, we have also discovered an unrelated type of non-power law behavior: waves can persist in the mass distribution of objects even in the absence of upper or lower cutoffs to the mass distribution or breaks in the strength law.
Superconductivity and crystal structure of a new class of ternary platinum borides

Abstract The crystal structure and superconducting properties of a new class of ternary platinum borides, M 0.67 Pt 3 B 2 ( M = Ca , Sr , Ba ), are reported. These compounds crystallize in the hexagonal system in the space group P 6 3 / mmc and have transition temperatures as high as 5.6 K. Atomic positions and the presence of vacancies on the alkaline earth sublattice were determined from a structural study of the Ba 0.67 Pt 3 B 2 compound.
Simultaneous determination of unlabeled and deuterium-labeled indinavir in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection.

A method for the simultaneous determination of indinavir and its hexadeuterated analog (d6-indinavir) in human plasma is described. Isolation of the analytes and internal standard from plasma was achieved via liquid-liquid extraction with methyl-t-butyl ether. The analytes were chromatographed under reversed-phase conditions on a BDS-Hypersil C8 column. A Sciex API III+ tandem mass spectrometer equipped with a turbo ion-spray interface was used as the detector. Multiple reaction monitoring using the parent→product ion combinations of m/z 614→465, 620→471 and 654→505 were used to quantify indinavir, d6-indinavir, and internal standard, respectively. The method was validated, using 1-mL aliquots of plasma, in the concentration range in plasma of 1 to 200 ng/mL. Precision of the assay, as measured by the coefficient of variation, ranged from 0.9 to 4.3% and 0.9 to 6.2% for indinavir and d6-indinavir, respectively. Indinavir assay accuracy ranged from 95.8 to 105.0% of nominal, whereas the accuracy of the assay for d6-indinavir ranged from 97.4 to 104.0% of nominal. The assay was used to support a clinical study in which the stable isotope technique was used to determine the bioavailability of indinavir.
Measurement of bacterial growth rates in soil

Abstract Measurements of the average growth rates of soil bacteria from a soil under three treatments; a conventional high input corn soybean rotation, a reversion to a native successional community (4 years) and a never ploughed grassland, were made by two methods. The specific rates of synthesis of bacterial DNA were determined from the specific activities of the DNA precursor, deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP), and purified bacterial community DNA after 3H thymidine incorporation. These rates were compared with the specific respiration rates of the soil microbiota determined from the initial rate of C mineralization and the microbial biomass C. We show how these two measurements can be used to estimate values for microbial growth yield and maintenance coefficients in soil. Both methods ranked the soil treatments in the same order. The reversion treatment had the highest thymidine incorporation and specific respiration rates and the corn soybean rotation the lowest. The grassland soil had the highest microbial biomass but an intermediate growth rate. Based on thymidine incorporation the doubling time of the bacterial biomass at 25°C was 160 days in soil from the corn soybean rotation and 107 days in the reversion treatment. Fractionation of the 3H-labelled DNA according to its %guanine+cytosine content showed growth of soil bacteria to be widespread among bacterial genera and not confined to a few active species. The soil bacterial growth rates found inre are much lower than those found in some other studies using thymidine incorporation but are in agreement with annual C budgets for the soils.
Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis of Circular Microtube Under Time Varying Heat Source

When a magnetic field is applied to a magnetic material it releases energy. It has been proven experimentally that this temperature rise could be as high as 20 K when a magnetic field of 10 T is applied. Heat is generated when the magnetic field is applied and cooling is produced when the magnetic field is released. The purpose of this study is to explore transient heat transfer coefficient when a fluid is circulated in the substrate through microchannels. Equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy were solved in the fluid region. In the solid region, the transient heat conduction equation was solved. Gadolinium and water were picked as the magnetic material and working fluid respectively. The results are represented by plotting the variations of heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number with time at various sections of the tube. The effects of the magnetic field strength, diameter of the microtube in the substrate, and Reynolds number were studied. It was found that the heat transfer coefficient changes with time in a periodic fashion when heating and cooling are generated in the system by repeated introduction and relaxation of the magnetic field. The results of this study will be useful for the development of microtube heat exchangers for a compact magnetic refrigerator.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Cerebroside sulfatase determination in cultured human fibroblasts.

A procedure for the determination of cerebroside sulfatase activity in extracts of cultured human fibroblasts is described. Cerebroside [35S]sulfate prepared from developing rat brain serves as substrate and enzyme activity is estimated by measurement of released inorganic [35S]sulfate. The reaction has a sharp optimum at pH 4.5, shows an absolute requirement for bile salts, and is stimulated by Mn2+ and Cl−. The Km for cerebroside sulfate is 0.1–0.2 mM. Inorganic sulfate and 4-nitrocatechol sulfate are inhibitory.
Pauli blocking for effective deltas in nuclear matter

Abstract The effect of Pauli blocking on the width of the Δ(1232) baryon in nuclear matter is investigated. We use the mean-field approximation to quantum hadrodynamics to describe the ground state, and the Δ is coupled to the density-dependent mean scalar and vector fields. The resulting width depends on the density, the momentum of the Δ and on the Δ coupling constants. The present work is the first step within this framework towards a self-consistent treatment of the pion and Δ which would include collision spreading of the Δ-width.
High transconductance and velocity overshoot in NMOS devices at the 0.1- mu m gate-length level

Transport properties are investigated in self-aligned NMOS devices with gate lengths down to 0.07 mu m. Velocity overshoot was observed in the form of the highest transconductances measured to date in Si FETs, as well as in the trend of the transconductance with gate length. The measured transconductance reached 910 mu S/ mu m at liquid-nitrogen temperature and 590 mu S/ mu m at room temperature. Velocity overshoot, by making such transconductances possible, should extend the value of miniaturization to dimensions that are smaller than what was commonly assumed to be worthwhile to pursue. >
Exact and resampling probability values for measures associated with ordered r by c contingency tables.

Summary Permutation procedures to compute exact and resampling probability values associated with measures of association for ordered r × c contingency tables are described. Comparisons with asymptotic probability values demonstrated that exact and resampling permutation procedures were preferred for sparse contingency tables.
Long-term abstinent alcoholics have normal memory

It is generally believed that many non-Korsakoff alcoholics have subtle defects in memory. To determine whether such defects vary as a function of length of abstinence (LOA), we performed extensive memory testing with: (1) recently detoxified (n = 31; LOA-29 days); (2) intermediate-term abstinent (n = 28; LOA = 1.9 years); (3) long-term abstinent (n = 32; LOA-7.0 years) alcoholics; and (4) nonalcoholic controls (n = 37). All subjects were matched on age and education. Alcoholics were matched on years of alcoholic drinking. Memory measures were divided into the following domains: verbal learning, verbal recall, visual learning, visual recall, and paired associate learning. A series of MANOVAs were conducted that revealed a significant relationship between visual learning and length of abstinence, and a significant interaction between age and length of abstinence on visual recall. Long-term abstinent subjects were not significantly different from controls on any test. We conclude that memory disturbance demonstrable among recently detoxified alcoholics in the early weeks of their abstinence is not evident in demographically matched long-term abstinent alcoholics with similar drinking histories.
The rotational population of sputtered N2 — Evidence for hindered rotational states

Abstract We report on the study of excited N2 molecules sputtered from a N+ implanted Si surface by an N+ ion beam. Analysis of how N2 emission intensity varies with implant dose suggests that N2 molecules are formed by recombination of N atoms before being collisionally ejected by the sputtering mechanism. Such N2 molecules, localized on the surface, must inevitably exhibit a quantum mechanical rotational configuration that differs from an isolated molecule in free space. We observed that the rotational state distribution implied by the rotational structure of the N2 emission is a non-Boltzmann distribution and we relate this to a hindered rotor configuration of the N2 molecule when localized on the surface.
Rapid cross-linking of an RNA internal loop by the anticancer drug cisplatin

Cisplatin is the most prominent member of a series of platinum(II) antitumor drugs that demonstrate activity based on binding to adjacent purines on genomic DNA. The interactions between cisplatin and alternate biomolecules, including chemically similar RNA, are less understood than are those for DNA. In order to investigate potential implications of platinum(II) drug binding to a structurally complex RNA, we have characterized the reaction between cisplatin and the internal loop of a 41-nucleotide subdomain derived from the U2:U6 spliceosomal RNAs. This “BBD” RNA subdomain consists of a hairpin structure containing a purine-rich asymmetric internal loop. Aquated cisplatin is found to cross-link G nucleobases on opposing sides of the internal loop, forming an intramolecular internal loop cross-link in BBD and an analogous intermolecular cross-link in a two-piece construct containing the same internal loop sequence. The two opposing guanine residues involved in the cross-link were identified via limited al...
Cultural Values, Counseling Stigma, and Intentions to Seek Counseling Among Asian American College Women

The authors explored the extent to which Asian American college women's perceived stigma about counseling mediated the relationship between their adherence to Asian cultural values and intentions to seek counseling. Participants, 201 Asian American college women (age range = 18–24 years), completed measures of Asian cultural values, perceived stigma regarding counseling, and intentions to seek counseling, along with a demographic questionnaire. Asian cultural values were positively correlated with perceived counseling stigma; both Asian cultural values and social stigma were negatively correlated with intentions to seek counseling. The main analysis showed that perceived counseling stigma partially mediated the relationship between participants' Asian cultural values and intentions to seek counseling.
Multiwave Analysis Of Reflection Gratings

A new exact coupled-wave analysis is applied to the diffraction of electromagnetic waves by longitudinally-periodic media (reflection gratings). The analysis is formulated in a simple state equation matrix form easily implemented on a digital computer. The relative intensities of the two waves, the diffracted (reflected) and transmitted waves, are calculated for a wide range of parameters. These exact results are then compared to results obtained with the approximate 1) two-wave modal analysis, 2) multiwave coupled-wave analysis, and 3) two-wave coupled-wave analyses. Exact calculations for even-order Bragg incidence (which can not be handled with approximate coupled-wave analyses) are included.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multiparticle tunneling observed in superconducting junctions

Abstract Asymmetric (Δ1 ≠ Δ2) Nb/oxide/PbBi and symmetric (Δ1 = Δ2 ≡ Δ) Sn/oxide/Sn superconducting tunnel junctions show distinct excess current steps in their current-voltage characteristics. The step-like shape and the relative amplitudes of the observed subharmonic gap structure, in particular, that the current step at the larger of the two gap voltages Δ2/e and Δ1/e was found to be the higher one, are in excellent agreement with the multiparticle tunneling model. An increase in step height at ΔSn/e with decreasing temperature can be accounted for with an enhanced, nonequilibrium quasiparticle density generated by the two-particle current.
Polyribosomal protein synthesis in fertilized sea urchin eggs: The effect of actinomycin treatment

Abstract The protein synthesis initiated at fertilization in sea urchin eggs occurs, at least in part, on polyribosomes. Eggs treated with actinomycin D show a normal response to fertilization. The actinomycin-treated embryos suffer an 80–90% loss in the synthesis of new RNA with potential template function. In these cells, protein synthesis attains rates as high as those in controls. The actinomycin-resistant protein synthesis also occurs on polyribosomes, and on the basis of ribonuclease sensitivity, such units do not differ in any important way from those found in the normal early embryo. The unfertilized egg seems not to contain polyribosomes which are extracted by the methods used for embryos. These facts support the hypothesis that certain kinds of messenger RNA are present in the unfertilized egg, and that free ribosomes are unable to attach in a way that allows translation to take place.
Light output measurements of the organic light-emitting devices

In this article we describe a novel light output measurements method of the organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). This method not only provides the electroluminescence (EL) spectral response of the OLEDs, but also gives the spectral distribution of the radiant power (W), luminance (cd/m2), luminous flux (lm), and photon emission of the measured light-emitting object. Also an accurate calculation method of the OLED EL external quantum efficiency is proposed.
Hearing preservation after stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma: A systematic review

Radiosurgery has evolved into an effective alternative to microsurgical resection in the treatment of patients with vestibular schwannoma. We performed a systematic analysis of the literature in English on the radiosurgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma patients. A total of 254 published studies reported assessable and quantifiable outcome data of patients undergoing radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas. American Association of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) class A or B and Gardner-Robertson (GR) classification I or II were defined as having preserved hearing. A total of 5825 patients (74 articles) met our inclusion criteria. Practitioners who delivered an average dose of 12.5 Gy as the marginal dose reported having a higher hearing preservation rate (12.5 Gy=59% vs. >12.5 Gy=53%, p=0.0285). Age of the patient was not a significant prognostic factor for hearing preservation rates ( 65 years=62%; p=0.4317). The average overall follow-up was 41.2 months. Our data suggest that an overall hearing preservation rate of about 57% can be expected after radiosurgical treatment, and patients treated with 12.5 Gy were more likely to have preserved hearing.
Plasma concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and osteopontin reflect severity of heart failure in DOCA-salt hypertensive rat

AbstractThe matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play a key role in extracellular matrix maintenance and are altered in the failing heart, both in experimental models and in chronic end-stage heart failure in humans. As the common diagnostic markers of heart failure, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) primarily reflect increased pressure loading, determination of soluble, heart-derived MMPs and TIMPs in plasma, as well as the determination of the emerging fibrosis marker osteopontin (OPN) might be valuable tools for detecting heart fibrosis. In this study the effect of spironolactone treatment on plasma MMP-2, TIMP-1 and OPN levels was assessed in a heart failure animal model. Unilaterally nephrectomized Sprague Dawley rats received subcutaneous injection of 100 mg deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) once a week and 1% (w/v) NaCl in drinking water. Blood pressure was monitored weekly and bloo...
Diabetes Medications Related to an Increased Risk of Falls and Fall-Related Morbidity in the Elderly

ObjectiveTo review literature regarding the effect of diabetes medications as a contributing risk for falls and fall-related morbidity in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Data sourcesPrimary literature was identified through PubMed MEDLINE (1966–November 2009) using the search terms elderly, aged, older adults, diabetes type 2, diabetes mellitus, falls, fractures, medication, hypoglycemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Each drug class and the individual agents within the classes were also included in the search. Additional references were obtained through review of references from articles obtained.Study selection and data extractionClinical studies evaluating diabetes medications and their association with falls, as well as studies evaluating their association with the complications of falls, were considered for inclusion. Selection emphasis was placed on randomized studies evaluating diabetes medications and falls.Data synthesisThere is no direct link between metformin and falls; however, an indirect...
Outcomes following surgical ventricular restoration for patients with clinically advanced congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Class IV).

Abstract Background It has been well documented that survival in patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF) receiving medical therapy is worse with advancing stages of disease (New York Heart Association [NYHA] IV versus NYHA III). However, such comparisons are rare in the surgical treatments for CHF. Surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) is an accepted therapy for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy after anterior wall myocardial infarction. We evaluated the impact of advanced stage of CHF (NYHA IV) on survival after SVR. Methods and Results A retrospective review was conducted of SVR patients at our institution between January 2002 and December 2005. Seventy-eight patients underwent SVR during the study period; 34 patients were NYHA IV and 44 patients were NYHA II/III before surgery. NYHA IV patients had significantly worse preoperative ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI), and stroke volume index (SVI). Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in EF and LVESVI after SVR, and there were no differences between the groups with regard to postoperative EF, LVESVI, or SVI. There were 3 operative deaths in each group ( P = 1.00). Sixty-five percent ( P P P = .08), although NYHA IV was not a significant predictor of mortality. Conclusions NYHA IV patients demonstrate similar improvements in cardiac function with acceptable, although decreased, survival after SVR when compared with those with less severe clinical disease. These outcomes are superior to those reported for medical management, indicating that patients with clinically advanced CHF who are appropriate candidates should be considered for SVR irrespective of preoperative NYHA class.
An Offshore, Microprocessor-Based Real-Time, Wave Climate Measuring System

A system for measuring significant wave height, period, and direction has been constructed and is presently undergoing field tests in Presque Isle Bay of Lake Erie. A Z-80A microprocessor system and associated software control data acquisition from a triad of wire wavestaffs affixed to a unique composite-based offshore structure. Real-time analysis and display of computed values comprises a significant improvement over existing methods.
The microcirculation: linking trauma and coagulopathy

Survival after severe traumatic shock can be complicated by a number of pathophysiologic processes that ensue after the initial trauma. One of these is trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) whose onset may occur before initial fluid resuscitation. The pathogenesis of TIC has not yet been fully elaborated, but evolving evidence appears to link severe tissue hypoxia and damage to the endothelium as key factors, which evolve into measurable structural and biochemical changes of the endothelium resulting in a coagulopathic state. This paper will provide a general review of these linkages and identify knowledge gaps as well as suggest new approaches and areas of investigation, which may both limit the development of TIC as well as produce insights into its pathophysiology. A better understanding of these issues will be necessary in order to advance the practice of remote damage control resuscitation.
Community-Referenced Learning and the Inclusive Classroom

In years past, students with and without disabilities have used the community as a classroom. Community-referenced instruction has been part of the educational history of both special and general education, and both groups have noted benefits from instruction provided beyond school walls. The emergence of community-referenced instruction as a general and special education phenomenon and as a tool for learning in the inclusive classroom is examined in this article. In addition, three specific types of instruction that can be implemented beyond school walls are presented: work experiences, research teams, and service learning.
Arrhythmias in the Newborn

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the most common arrhythmia seen in neonates. 2. Delineate the patients for whom radiofrequency ablation of supraventricular tachycardia is reserved. 3. State the most common cause of congenital complete heart block in an infant who does not have structural heart disease. 4. Describe the indications for pacemaker placement in congenital complete heart block. Identifying and treating arrhythmias in neonates differs substantially from approaches used in an older child and can be challenging. Neonatal sinus tachycardia can be very rapid and may be difficult to distinguish from other arrhythmias. The natural history of arrhythmias in the neonatal age group also differs markedly from other ages and must be considered when planning a treatment strategy. Arrhythmias are found in 1% to 5% of newborns during the first 10 days of life. Most are premature supraventricular beats that will isappear over the first month of life. The most common symptomatic arrhythmia in the neonatal period is supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), which has an incidence of 1/25,000. ### FIRST-DEGREE HEART BLOCK First-degree heart block is defined as a PR interval greater than the upper limit of normal for age (0.16 sec on day of life 1, 0.14 sec for the remainder of the newborn period.). A prolonged PR interval can be caused by delayed conduction in the atrium, atrioventricular (AV) node, or His-Purkinje system. It usually is seen with disorders of the AV node and commonly is associated with congenital heart disease or inflammatory disorders of the heart. Medications that increase vagal tone also may increase the PR interval. Most patients are asymptomatic and need no further therapy. ### SECOND-DEGREE HEART BLOCK Second-degree heart block is characterized by intermittent failure of conduction to the ventricle. It is classified further into Mobitz type I or II block. Mobitz type I or Wenckebach block is due to blockage …