cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microscopic Optical Potentials from First Principles

We construct nucleonic microscopic optical potentials by combining the Green’s function approach with the coupled-cluster method for \(^{40}\mathrm {Ca}\) and \(^{48}\mathrm {Ca}\). We work with the chiral nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon interaction \(\mathrm {NNLO_{sat}}\) which reproduces the charge radii of \(^{40}\)Ca and \(^{48}\)Ca. The overall form of the neutron scattering cross section is reproduced for both nuclei, but the imaginary part of the calculated potential, which reflects the loss of flux in the elastic channel, is negligible. The latter points to many-body correlations that would appear beyond the coupled-cluster truncation level considered in this work. We show that, by artificially increasing the parameter \(\eta \) in the Green’s function, practical results can be further improved.
Projection Test with Sparse Optimal Direction for High-Dimensional One Sample Mean Problem

Testing whether the mean vector from some population is zero or not is a fundamental problem in statistics. In the high-dimensional regime, where the dimension of data p is greater than the sample size n, traditional methods such as Hotelling’s \(T^2\) test cannot be directly applied. One can project the high-dimensional vector onto a space of low dimension and then traditional methods can be applied. In this paper, we propose a projection test based on a new estimation of the optimal projection direction \(\varSigma ^{-1}\mu \). Under the assumption that the optimal projection \(\varSigma ^{-1}\mu \) is sparse, we use a regularized quadratic programming with nonconvex penalty and linear constraint to estimate it. Simulation studies and real data analysis are conducted to examine the finite sample performance of different tests in terms of type I error and power.
Machine learning lattice constants for cubic perovskite A2XY6 compounds

Abstract Metal halide perovskites have attracted great attention in the past decade due to unique and tunable optical and electrical properties, which are promising candidates for various applications such as solar cells, light emitting diodes, and laser cooling devices. The lattice constant, a, as the only variable parameter among the six parameters in the crystal structure, has a significant impact on the structural stability, bandgap structure, and thus materials performance. In this work, the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model is developed to elucidate the statistical relationship between ionic radii and lattice constants for cubic perovskite A 2 X Y 6 compounds. A total of 79 samples with lattice constants ranging from 8.109 A to 11.790 A are explored. The modeling approach demonstrates a high degree of accuracy and stability, contributing to efficient and low-cost estimations of lattice constants.
Living Donor Transplant Program Growth, Innovation and Sustainability

Despite the ongoing need to increase kidney transplantation and the rise in deceased donor transplantation rates, the number of living donor kidney transplants (LDKT) performed had been largely stagnant over the past decade. However, recent innovations have contributed to a modest expansion in access to living donation. In part, this increase is related to kidney paired donation (KPD) programs, which allow the exchange of incompatible living kidneys across geographic regions among different transplant centers to overcome barriers of blood group and antibody incompatibility. In addition, increasing comfort with laparoscopic living kidney donation has led to acceptance of donors with higher surgical and medical risks, reduced the morbidity, and expanded acceptance of donation surgery. In order to truly realize the potential of LDKT, transplant programs need to incorporate initiatives that highlight the value of living donation, reduce racial disparities, and eliminate financial barriers facing low- and middle-income donors. Centers also need to adopt strategies that increase donation rates including utilization of donor champions, culturally competent websites, online donor screening tools that allow easier access for working adults, and appropriate use of social media. In summary, the growth in living donation reflects the systematic organization of transplant center practice to reduce barriers and expand access for potential donors.
Biophysical Models of PAR Cluster Transport by Cortical Flow in C. elegans Early Embryogenesis

Abstract The clustering of membrane-bound proteins facilitates their transport by cortical actin flow in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo cell polarity. PAR-3 clustering is critical for this process, yet the bio-physical processes that couple protein clusters to cortical flow remain unknown. We develop a discrete, stochastic agent-based model of protein clustering and test four hypothetical models for how clusters may interact with the flow. Results show that the canonical way to assess transport characteristics from single particle tracking data used thus far in this area, the Peclet number, is insufficient to distinguish these hypotheses and that all models can account for transport characteristics quantified by this measure. However, using this model, we demonstrate that these different cluster-cortex interactions may be distinguished using a different metric, namely, the scalar projection of cluster displacement on to the flow displacement vector. Our results thus provide a testable way to use existing single particle tracking data to test how endogenous protein clusters may interact with the cortical flow to localize during polarity establishment. To facilitate this investigation, we also develop both improved simulation and semi-analytic methodologies to quantify motion summary statistics (e.g., Peclet number and scalar projection) for these stochastic models as a function of biophysical parameters.
Empirical estimation of densities in NaCl-KCl-UCl3 and NaCl-KCl-YCl3 molten salts using Redlich-Kister expansion

Abstract Densities of molten KCl-NaCl-UCl3 and KCl-NaCl-YCl3 ternary systems have been estimated using a multidimensional Redlich-Kister model. Temperature and composition dependent Redlich-Kister functions have been used to generate binary interaction parameters in the outlined ternary salt systems. These binary interactions have been used in the extrapolation to ternary system densities. The results of the density extrapolations by Muggianu interpolation scheme provide agreement within 2–3% for the NaCl-KCl-YCl3 liquids and 11% in NaCl-KCl-UCl3 liquids compared to the available experimental data. Modeling NaCl-KCl-UCl3 molten phase density with a ternary interaction parameter improved the agreement within 4%. Thermophysical modeling used in this study has shown promising results for use in other material properties, such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity of the molten salts. Furthermore, the outlined modeling method applied in these specific molten salt ternaries can be used for quaternary or higher multicomponent molten salt systems.
FTIR investigation of the equilibrium structure of osmium pentacarbonyl in alcohol solvents

Abstract The equilibrium structure of Os(CO) 5 in small alcohol solvents has been investigated using FTIR spectroscopy. It was determined that 74–100% of Os(CO) 5 forms a complex with a single solvent molecule. The results demonstrate that complex formation is more favorable for the less stable isolated metal pentacarbonyl. The thermodynamics of complexation for Os(CO) 5 in isopropanol were Δ H = −30 ± 2 kJ/mol, Δ S = −80 ± 6 J/K mol, and Δ G = −6.0 ± 0.6 kJ/mol. The FTIR spectra show that the frequency of the OPC ν 1 mode is 2127–2128 cm −1 in these solvents.
Outreach and Engagement: Evolving Media and the Public Obligations of Stem Cell Science

Outreach and engagement occupy ends of a spectrum as forms of public participation. Most scientists agree that outreach and engagement are important, and most participate at least occasionally. A wide array of tools can and should be utilized for effective outreach and engagement. Risks and challenges are present and manageable. Along with other scientists, stem cell scientists and their institutions have an obligation to ensure that their work proceeds in parallel with robust outreach and engagement efforts. Social media-based tools can be valuable for discharging these duties.
Instructor-Led Engagement and Immersion Programs: Transformative Experiences of Study Abroad

S tudy abroad is associated with transformative experiences— that is, events that lead to a change in how a person sees the world. In this study the authors sought to ascertain whether there are common themes of transformative experiences and whether these transformations are related to particular types of study abroad programs. Principles guiding the authors’ research and interview coding scheme are informed by study abroad and transformative education literature. Study abroad can be categorized in three types: instructorled topic/subject focused, engagement activity instructor-led, and immersion through university semester enrollment. The project engaged debates about whether a short-term faculty-led study abroad is as transformative as a full immersion semester at a foreign institution, and whether an international community engagement study abroad experience fosters transformations different from or similar to the other two types.
Intergroup Aggression in Chimpanzees and War in Nomadic Hunter-Gatherers

Chimpanzee and hunter-gatherer intergroup aggression differ in important ways, including humans having the ability to form peaceful relationships and alliances among groups. This paper nevertheless evaluates the hypothesis that intergroup aggression evolved according to the same functional principles in the two species—selection favoring a tendency to kill members of neighboring groups when killing could be carried out safely. According to this idea chimpanzees and humans are equally risk-averse when fighting. When self-sacrificial war practices are found in humans, therefore, they result from cultural systems of reward, punishment, and coercion rather than evolved adaptations to greater risk-taking. To test this “chimpanzee model,” we review intergroup fighting in chimpanzees and nomadic hunter-gatherers living with other nomadic hunter-gatherers as neighbors. Whether humans have evolved specific psychological adaptations for war is unknown, but current evidence suggests that the chimpanzee model is an appropriate starting point for analyzing the biological and cultural evolution of warfare.
The Significance of Aggregate Properties to Transport Processes

Aggregates of cohesive suspended particles in estuarial waters are formed by Brownian motion, differential settling, and velocity gradients. Aggregates formed by Brownian motion and differential settling are weak and have low densities, compared to those formed in moderate velocity gradients. The densities and shear strengths of aggregates formed in a range of velocity gradients were measured using a capillary viscometer and a concentric cylinder viscometer. It was found that different aggregate structures could exist over short ranges of velocity gradients, and that the structures stable at lower ranges of velocity gradients had lower shear strengths and lower densities. The structures can be described as aggregates of aggregates, with successively higher orders at successively lower ranges of velocity gradients.
Subtyping Constrained Types

A constrained type is a type that comes with a set of subtyping constraints on variables occurring in the type. Constrained type inference systems are a natural generalization of Hindley/Milner type inference to languages with subtyping. This paper develops several subtyping relations on polymorphic constrained types of a general form that allows recursive constraints and multiple bounds on type variables. Subtyping constrained types has applications to signature matching and to constrained type simplification.
Induction of cell cycle entry and cell death in postmitotic lens fiber cells by overexpression of E2F1 or E2F2.

PURPOSE. Previous studies have shown that inactivation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRb) can cause lens fiber cell proliferation and apoptosis. Because pRb is thought to block cell cycle progression by inhibition of E2F transcription factors, experiments were conducted to test whether overexpression of different E2F family members would be sufficient to induce fiber cell proliferation and subsequent apoptosis. The in vivo functions of the transcription factor E2F2 have not previously been analyzed or described in transgenic mice. METHODS. Human E2F1 and E2F2 cDNAs were linked to the αA-crystallin promoter. Transgenic mice were generated by microinjection. Changes in cell cycle regulation were assayed by immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and by in situ hybridization. Cell death was assayed using the TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS. At embryonic day (E) 15.5, strong expression of the E2F1 and E2F2 transgenes was detected in lens fiber cells with little or no expression in epithelial cells. BrdU incorporation and TUNEL assays showed that overexpression of either E2F1 or E2F2 in lens fiber cells was sufficient to cause cell cycle entry and subsequent apoptosis. Expression of either E2F1 or E2F2 was sufficient to induce the transcription of cyclins (A2, B1, and E), as well as p53 and Bax in the lens fiber cells. CONCLUSIONS. Expression of either E2F1 or E2F2 can induce postmitotic lens fiber cells to re-enter the cell cycle. Inappropriate cell cycle entry is recognized by p53 in each case, and programmed cell death ensues.
Efficient Approximations for the MarginalLikelihood of Bayesian Networks with Hidden Variables

We discuss Bayesian methods for model averaging and model selection among Bayesian-network models with hidden variables. In particular, we examine large-sample approximations for the marginal likelihood of naive-Bayes models in which the root node is hidden. Such models are useful for clustering or unsupervised learning. We consider a Laplace approximation and the less accurate but more computationally efficient approximation known as the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), which is equivalent to Rissanen‘s (1987) Minimum Description Length (MDL). Also, we consider approximations that ignore some off-diagonal elements of the observed information matrix and an approximation proposed by Cheeseman and Stutz (1995). We evaluate the accuracy of these approximations using a Monte-Carlo gold standard. In experiments with artificial and real examples, we find that (1) none of the approximations are accurate when used for model averaging, (2) all of the approximations, with the exception of BIC/MDL, are accurate for model selection, (3) among the accurate approximations, the Cheeseman–Stutz and Diagonal approximations are the most computationally efficient, (4) all of the approximations, with the exception of BIC/MDL, can be sensitive to the prior distribution over model parameters, and (5) the Cheeseman–Stutz approximation can be more accurate than the other approximations, including the Laplace approximation, in situations where the parameters in the maximum a posteriori configuration are near a boundary.
Living on a prayer: religious affiliation and trauma outcomes

Research has shown that religious affiliation is associated with reduced all cause mortality. The aim of this study was to determine if religious affiliation predicts trauma-specific mortality and length of stay. Patients admitted to our urban Level I trauma center in 2008 were examined; the main study categorization was based on endorsement of a specific religious affiliation during a standard intake procedure. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed with in-hospital mortality and length of stay as the outcomes of interest, adjusting for demographic and injury severity characteristics. A total of 2303 patients were included in the study. Forty-six per cent endorsed a religious affiliation. Patients with a religious affiliation were more likely to be female, Hispanic, and older than those who reported no affiliation (P Language: en
The prospects for renewable energy sources

As the reserves of depletable fuels are consumed, their prices will increase, thus making renewable energy sources more cost competitive. SRI has evaluated the potential uses for and costs of renewable energy sources and compared them with other energy sources currently being utilized. These economic estimates serve as a basis for discussing the possible contribution that solar energy sources can make to the U.S. energy system. Some of the technical, environmental, and institutional problems associated with each of these solar energy forms are reviewed.
Local Options on Global Stocks: How the States are affecting the U.S. Debate on Climate Policy

This paper examines some of the implications of local policy-making with regard to the global issue of climate change. First, we assess what one may expect when small open economies, such as states, implement policies designed to affect global pollutants. Next, we briefly analyze some of the legal constraints on state actions. We then catalog some of the specific technologies used in the states to address carbon emissions. Finally, we provide some analysis of how states might implement emission control policies in a way that compensates important interests for some of their increased costs without losing the benefits of efficient policy design.
Psyche and the Literary Muses: The contribution of literary content to scientific psychology

Psyche and the Literary Muses focuses on the psychology of literature from an empirical point of view, rather than the more typical psychoanalytic position, and concentrates on literary content rather than readers or writers. The book centers on the author’s quantitative studies of brief literary and quasi-literary forms, ranging from titles of short stories and names of literary characters to cliches and quotations from literary sources, in demonstrating their contribution to the topics of learning, perception, thinking, emotions, creativity, and especially person perception and aging. More broadly, Psyche bears on literary studies, art, and psychology in general, as well as interdisciplinarity. This book deepens the understanding and appreciation of literature for scholars, academics and the general reader.
Sensory Substitution and Recovery from “Brain Damage”

The loss of a major sensory system, such as sight, markedly alters cortical activity. The loss can be considered to produce “brain damage.” Our sensory substitution studies were initiated a number of years ago as a model of brain plasticity; congenitally blind persons were considered a Jacksonian model [Hughlings Jackson emphasized the opportunities for discovery offered by the “. . . experiments made on the brain by disease.” (excerpts in Clarke and O’Malley, 1968)]. Thus, a thorough study of congenitally blind persons learning to use a vision substitution system offered several unique opportunities: 1. The ability to control and evaluate all aspects of an entirely novel perceptual learning experience, since no relevant visual learning could go on without the use of the substitute receptor matrix (TV camera). 2. The opportunity to evaluate central nervous system mechanisms involved in the perceptual development and sensory substitution process. 3. The opportunity to evaluate the interrelationships of relevant systems, such as the role of motor control (e.g., of camera movement), on spatial localization with a vision substitution system.
Dietary practices in glutaric aciduria type 1 over 16 years.

How to cite this article Gokmen-Ozel H., MacDonald A., Daly A., Ashmore C., Preece M.A., Hendriksz C., Vijay S. & Chakrapani A. (2012) Dietary practices in glutaric aciduria type 1 over 16 years. J Hum Nutr Diet. Abstract Background: In glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1), dietary treatment with emergency management (EM) is essential to prevent encephalopathic crisis (EC). In the present study, dietary practices were examined in a single UK centre without access to newborn screening. Methods: Twenty GA1 patients (11 males, median age: 10.2 years, range 2.2–24.1 years) were evaluated. Nine presented without EC (median diagnosis age: 1.1 years, range 4 days to 8 years) and 11 with EC (median diagnosis age 10 months, range 6 months to 1.7 years). Dietary treatment, neurological outcome, anthropometry and biochemical/haematological markers were assessed. Results: Diet treatment varied according to age of diagnosis and symptom severity. Four of six pre-encephalopathic children diagnosed before 2 years of age were treated with carnitine, protein restriction (medium l.2 g kg day−1) and lysine-free/low tryptophan protein substitute (PS) (medium dose: 1.6 g kg day−1). EM consisted of natural protein cessation and glucose polymer with PS delivered via an enteral feeding tube. Older children (>3 years) without EC were given carnitine and protein restriction, and seven of nine EC patients had PS via an enteral feeding tube. Clinical deterioration occurred in two patients without EC; one taking PS and protein restriction (with a second untreatable pathology) and one after protein restriction only. In patients presenting with EC, four died and one had some improvement in movement, with the rest remaining stable but with severe disability. Patients taking PS had better nutritional markers [serum vitamin B12 (P < 0.001), albumin (P < 0.001), haemoglobin (P < 0.001) and essential plasma amino acids]. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of GA1 before EC is essential because PS and protein restriction with meticulous EM prevents EC. PS also improves nutritional status irrespective of clinical condition.
PVA networks grafted with PDMS branches

We describe a simple and efficient synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) networks fitted with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) branches (PVA netw -g-PDMS). The syntheses were achieved in two steps: (1) Grafting by urethane linking PDMS carrying ―NCO termini (PDMS-NCO) onto PVA fitted with a few (∼4) photoreactive acryl amide groups (PVA AA ), followed by (2) Photocrosslinking the PVA AA -g-PDMS to PVA netw -g-PDMS. The use of the binary N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone/tetrahydrofuran (NMP/THF, 67/33) solvent system enabled the thermodynamically unfavorable mixing of hydrophobic PDMS branches with hydrophilic PVA AA backbones. The amphiphilic graft, PVA AA -g-PDMS, was characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and the final graft network, PVA netw -g-PDMS, by FTIR spectroscopy, DSC, and equilibrium swelling. The grafting of sufficient volumes of PDMS branches onto PVA AA yields cocontinuous hydrophilic/hydrophobic PVA/PDMS domains, whose existence was demonstrated by swelling in both water and hexanes.
Acting on Belief: Christian Perspectives on Suffering and Violence

Acting on Belief: Christian Perspectives on Suffering and Violence «I. &#39;1 Cecelia Lynch Contemporary Activism and Religious Ethics One of the major questions of the day in international relations is what type of ethics should guide our behavior in contemporary conflicts and crises. Over the past decade this issue has generated a tremendous surge of interest in the role of humanitarian action and norms, as well as in the practical question of what non- governmental organizations (NGOS) can and should do to help} At the turn of the millennium, there is also a widespread sense, expressed especially in the media but also in scholarly work, that we should reexamine our Enlightenment worldviews in order to understand the influence of religion on world politics? Scholarly work rarely brings concerns regarding humanitarian ethics and reli- gion together, however, despite the fact that much contemporary activism to reduce suffering and conflict is inspired by religious belief. This article examines two types of essentially ]udeo—Christian perspec- tives that stress the imperative to act to relieve suffering and transcend violence: liberation theology and what I call religious humanitarianism. Both are recently q‘ A previous version of this essay was presented at the University of California, Irvine, in January. I am grateful to David Easton, Alison Brysk, Wayne Sandholtz, Elora Shehabuddin, Dan Barkley, and the other participants in the Global Peace and Conflict seminar, as well as the editors and anonymous reviewers of Ethics 6&#39; International Affairs, for their extremely helpful comments. 1 Larry Minear and Thomas G. Weiss, Mercy Under Fire: War and the Global Humanitarian Community (Boulder: Westview, 1995); Larry Minear and Thomas G. Weiss, Humanitarian Action in Times of War: A Handbook for Practitioners (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1993); Thomas G. Weiss and Cindy Collins, Humanitarian Challenges and Intervention: World Politics and the Dilemmas of Help (Boulder: Westview, 1996); John Paul Lederach, Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); John Paul Lederach, Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1995). 1 See Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations? The Debate, with responses by Fouad Ajami et al. (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1993); and for a more thoroughly researched perspective, Susanne Hoeber Rudolph and James Piscatori, eds., Transnational Religion and Fading States (Boulder: Westview Press, 1997).
An adaptive linear expenditure system for state and local governments

(1978). An adaptive linear expenditure system for state and local governments. Applied Economics: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 279-287.
Prediction of the intermittency factor for turbulent shear flows

Two closure models for the prediction of the intermittency factor are discussed and their performance in free shear flows is evaluated. The first model is based on a closed set of conditional moment equations containing mean velocities in turbulent and nonturbulent zones and selected second-order moments in the turbulent zone. The second model is centered around the closed equation for the probability density function of a passive scalar which is suitable for discrimination between zones. The results show that the first model gives better agreement with measurements.
Pushout-invariant extensions and monoreflections

Abstract This article resumes the investigation of monoreflections, which are maximal relative to some given constraints, viewing them from the point of view of pushouts. The role of the kernels of the category is then explained. With this pair of resources a number of categories are analyzed in detail, notably categories of (commutative) rings and /tf-rings.
Unique response of LiNO3 as an alkali silica reaction-preventive admixture

Abstract Lithium hydroxide and various lithium salts have been known to ameliorate the effects of alkali silica reaction for many years. The use of lithium hydroxide is not without risk. A significant increase in the pore solution OH− ion concentration (and pH) by lithium hydroxide and inadequate dosages are known to result in increased, rather than decreased expansion. Almost insoluble lithium salts (such as lithium fluoride and lithium carbonate) are effective at large dose levels, but generate lithium hydroxide in solution, and are thus subject to the same difficulty as LiOH. It is shown that lithium nitrate, a fully soluble neutral salt, does not generate significant increases in hydroxide ion concentration, and thus does not undergo the risk of accelerating the alkali silica reaction at the same time that it is attempting to ameliorate its effects. Lithium nitrate is, however, subject to the same extensive sorption by newly forming cement hydration products as other forms of lithium treatment, and a high dosage level is needed to indefinitely maintain the requisite concentration in solution.
Transport properties of a memory-type chalcogenide glass☆

Abstract Transport measurements have been performed on the conducting state of a memory-type chalcogenide glass, of composition Te81Ge15As4. DC resistivity was measured from 4°K to 300°K and indicates no carrier freeze-out occurs down to 4°K. The resistance ratio, ϱ(300°K)/ϱ(4°K), was found to be 2.5. AC conductivity measurements at room temperature showed only an 18% increase in σ(ω) up to 150 khz. Hall effect experiments at 100 Hz show no dependence of carrier concentration on temperature from 77°K to 300°K, and indicate a room temperature mobility of 85 cm2/V-sec. The sign of the Hall constant implies that the carriers are holes. Resistance was measured as a function of magnetic field from 0 to 140 kOe, at 1.6°K. The magnetoresistance was positive and proportional to H2 at low fields, with saturation beginning to set in above about 80 kOe. The results of these studies, taken in conjunction with the X-ray and NMR data, can be used to suggest a plausible model for memory behavior in chalcogenide glasses.
Restored immune response to an MHC-II-Restricted antigen in tumor-bearing hosts after elimination of regulatory T cells.

Abstract Background/purpose Pediatric sarcomas have a poor prognosis, recur frequently, and are not effectively treated by currently available therapy. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality; however, to be successful, immune tolerance must be overcome. CD4 + CD25 + T cells are immunosuppressive. The authors hypothesize that immune tolerance may be overcome by eliminating the regulatory CD4 + CD25 + T cells, which are induced by tumor. Methods A murine fibrosarcoma (MF), which expresses an MHC-II-restricted tumor antigen (mL26), was injected subcutaneously. CD4 + T cells were isolated and CD25 + population examined. Monoclonal antibody was used to deplete CD25 + T cells. Proliferation to mL26 was used to determine CD4 + T cell response to tumor-associated antigen (TAA). Results Depletion of CD25 + cells prevented tumor establishment. Tumor-infiltrating CD25 + T cells, which madeup 48% of CD4 + T cells in tumors, suppressed proliferation in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. Draining lymph node cells from tumor-bearing (TB) mice did not proliferate in response to mL26, whereas those from naive mice responded vigorously. Depletion of CD25 + cells before immunization restored response to mL26 in TB mice. Conclusions CD4 + CD25 + T cells induced by MF facilitate tumor establishment and maintain immune tolerance. Depletion of CD4 + CD25 + T cells may be an effective means for reversing tumor tolerance and enhancing cancer vaccines.
PHASE SPACE CONSTRAINTS ON THE MOMENTA OF PROJECTILE FRAGMENTS

Abstract The model of projectile fragmentation as a fast reaction which samples the nucelon Fermi momenta in the projectile prior to the collision is revised to reflect the fact that the fragment is also a Fermi gas. The results predict fragment momentum distributions which are narrower than those observed.
Long-term, long-distance, all-optical synchronization of ultrafast fiber lasers at the quantum limit

We demonstrate quantum limited timing jitter performance of ultrafast fiber lasers and long distance (320 meter) synchronization of similar lasers over 168 hours with 5 femtosecons rms precision, at the quantum noise limit.
Rectangular L-matrices

Abstract An L-matrix is an m -by- n (0, 1, -1)-matrix A such that every m -by- n real matrix with the same sign pattern as A has linearly independent rows. The most widely studied L -matrices are the square L -matrices, also called sign-nonsingular matrices. In this paper we investigate rectangular L -matrices. We obtain and study a decomposition theorem for L -matrices. We introduce two new classes of L -matrices, which for square matrices reduce to sign-nonsingular matrices. The maximum number of columns for matrices in each of these classes is obtained, and those matrices attaining the maximum are characterized.
Determination of complete mitochondrial genome sequence from the holotype of the southern Mandarin dogfish Cirrhigaleus australis (Elasmobranchii: Squalidae)

We determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence from the holotype of the southern Mandarin dogfish Cirrhigaleus australis. It has a length of 16,543 bp and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region. The gene composition and genome organization is similar to most other vertebrates. Data obtained in this study will be important for resolving possible taxonomic issues related to C. australis and will contribute to the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among chondrichthyan species.
Revisiting State Blow-Up: Automatically Building Augmented-FA While Preserving Functional Equivalence

Regular expression matching, a central task in deep packet inspection and other networking applications, has been traditionally implemented through finite automata. Thanks to their limited per-character processing and memory bandwidth requirements, deterministic finite automata (DFA) are a natural choice for memory-based implementations. In the presence of large datasets of complex patterns, however, DFA suffer from the well-known state explosion problem. Specifically, state explosion can take place during DFA generation when the considered patterns contain bounded and unbounded repetitions of wildcards or large character sets. Several alternative FA representations have been proposed to address this problem. However, these proposals all suffer from one or more of the following problems: some can avoid state explosion only on datasets of limited size and complexity; some have prohibitive worst-case memory bandwidth requirements or processing time; and some can only guarantee functional equivalence for restricted classes of regular expressions and require the user to manually filter out unsupported patterns. In this work we propose JFA, a finite automation that uses state variables to avoid state explosion, and is functionally equivalent to the corresponding DFA. Functional equivalence is guaranteed by construction without requiring user intervention. We also provide optimization techniques to both limit the amount of state variables required and provide a lower bound for the JFA traversal time.
20.1: Invited Paper: Metrology and Robustness of Bright‐Room Contrast Measurements

Bright-room contrast measurements methods are being proposed by standards committees to characterize flat panel displays for living-room ambient environments. Some proposals involve creating a room with an overhead light. By modeling the room as a sphere, we show how such room-based measurement methods can be very irreproducible. Such methods can be modified and made robust by making direct-source measurements combined with integrating-sphere-based diffuse reflectance measurements.
Made for each other: nonprofit management education, online technology, and libraries

Abstract Nonprofit management, a new academic field, can use online technology and Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences to deliver an especially effective curriculum. Structural innovations and collaborations, technology, and library resource centers working together can strengthen the impact of nonprofit management education by ensuring quality and maximizing access.
Some characterization results based on the conditional expectation of a function of non-adjacent order statistic (record value)

In this paper, we attempt to characterize a distribution by means ofE[ψ(X k +s:n)|X k:n =z]g(z), under some mild conditions on ψ(·) andg(·). An explicit result is provided in the case ofs=1 and a uniqueness result is proved in the case ofs=2. For the general case, an expression is provided for the conditional expectation. Similar results are proved for the record values, both in the continuous as well as in the discrete case (weak records).
A robust and high-throughput measurement platform for monomer reactivity ratios from surface-initiated polymerization

This article describes a robust approach to measure monomer reactivity ratios from surface-initiated copolymerization, by measuring composition of statistical copolymer brush surfaces using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Statistical copolymer brushes were prepared from various monomer feeds by surface-initiated radical copolymerization at room temperature under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The copolymer brush composition data were fit to the terminal copolymerization kinetic model resulting in point estimates for the monomer reactivity ratios that are in good agreement with values measured under bulk reaction conditions. Additionally, a high-throughput approach was demonstrated to measure reactivity ratios using a single substrate exhibiting a gradient in copolymer brush composition. This high-throughput approach significantly reduces the time and effort required to generate reliable and reproducible point estimates of reactivity ratios, and these values are in good agreement with values obtained from both the discrete sample surface measurements and classical bulk analytical methods.
Aesthetic Interdisciplinarity in Donald Capps’ Weltanschauung

This article considers the aesthetic interdisciplinarity of the work and Weltanschauung of Donald Capps. It suggests three themes of Capps’ Weltanschauung: reframing, confusion, and empiricism. These themes converge in an image of calmness that epitomizes Capps’ aesthetic interdisciplinarity. Capps envisions a world that is heimlich (homelike), and his aesthetic therefore pursues “homemaking” in this world by virtue of enjoying a certain calmness in the process of pastoral counseling.
Sleep-related Eating Disorder as a Cause of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A patient with obesity resulting from sleep-related eating disorder demonstrated signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Incarceration restricted access to food during the night, leading to weight loss and clinical improvement. Release from prison allowed recurrence of unrestricted sleep-eating, recurrent obesity, and documented OSA. Successful treatment of sleep-related eating disorder can result in improvement in coexisting OSA.
The N-Factor of Nonsorted Circles Along a Climate Gradient in Arctic Alaska

Three study sites were selected on zonal sites from north to south along a climate gradient in Arctic Alaska. Air and mineral soil surface temperatures of nonsorted circles and adjacent well-vegetated tundra plots were monitored from September 2003 through September 2004, and the depths of vegetation, soil organic horizons and snow were measured. N-factors, the ratio of ground-surface temperature to air temperature, were determined for the summer and winter seasons. N-factors and thaw depths were greater for relatively barren nonsorted circles than for adjacent well-vegetated tundra. Along the climate gradient, the thickness of vegetation, soil organic layer and snow increased from north to south, while n-factors and thaw depths decreased at bare circles from 1.43 � 0.02 to 0.74 � 0.01 and from 81.2 � 1.4 cm to 59.5 � 2.4 cm, respectively, and at the tundra from 0.99 � 0.02 to 0.17 � 0.01 and from 62.6 � 1.4 cm to 21.0 � 2.8 cm, respectively. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
College students' perceived confidence in mental health help-seeking

Limited research exists regarding peer-assisted help-seeking for mental health problems. This study assesses the relationship between stigma and an individual's willingness to help a friend with mental illness. Results indicated that students were somewhat confident they could help a friend experiencing a mental health disorder. Significant differences in confidence were found based on sex, grade, holding stigma-related attitudes and outcome expectations. Findings from this study may be used by mental health professionals working with college students.
Clarifying relationships among work and family social support, stressors, and work-family conflict

Although work and family social support predict role stressors and work–family conflict, there has been much ambiguity regarding the conceptual relationships among these constructs. Using path analysis on meta-analytically derived validity coefficients (528 effect sizes from 156 samples), we compare three models to address these concerns and clarify relationships. Results revealed that social support, controlling for role involvement, is best viewed as an antecedent of role stressors and subsequent work–family conflict. Controlling for work and family involvement, work and family social support were most related to same domain role conflict (b = .46, p < .05; b = .43, p < .05) and role ambiguity (b = .28, p < .05; b = .33, p < .05). Subsequently, work role conflict and time demands were most related to work-to-family conflict (b = .39, p < .05; b = .21, p < .05), while family role conflict and role ambiguity were most related to family-to-work conflict (b = .22, p < .05; b = .24, p < .05). Implications for research and practice, along with suggestions for theoretical advances, are discussed.
Automatic thematic role priming of related verbs in younger and older adults

0.19 6.67 Patient-verb 0.14 6.73 Agent-verb SD Average (1-7) Related Pairs Verbs are central to the semantics and syntax of a sentence via their relationship with their arguments/thematics. Online priming studies in young adults have found that verbs (arrest) provide immediate access to typical agents (policeman) and patients (criminal) by generating expectancies from a verb and its related thematic roles (Ferretti, et al., 2001) and vice versa (McRae, Hare, Elman, & Ferretti, 2005).
Effect of environment on hydrogen bond dynamics in liquid water.

In a series of molecular dynamics calculations we simulate the dynamics of forming and breaking a hydrogen bond in liquid water at room temperature. We show that this dynamics is clearly nonexponential, yet virtually uncorrelated with the fluctuations of neighboring bonds.
Toward a genomic definition of aspirin resistance.

Drugs that target platelet function have a prominent role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular occlusive disease, and acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin, is likely the most widely used. First synthesized by Felix Hoffman in 1897, a chemist at Farbenfabriken Friedrich Bayer & Co., the
Effect of Cooling Rates and Compressive Deformation of Austenite on Bainitic Transformation and Microstructure for Plastic Die AISI P20 Steel

In order to reduce both manufacturing process and manufacturing cost, a thermomechanical process for plastic die AISI P20 steel has been developed. The P20 steel treated by the thermomechanical process can be used to manufacture plastic dies directly without any subsequent heat treatments. In the present work, the dependence of microstructure upon cooling rate and deformation condition has been investigated for P20 steel with the aim of optimizing the thermomechanical process. The results show that the hardness decreases and eventually reaches a plateau, meanwhile the microstructure changes from sheaf-like bainite to granular bainite with decreasing the cooling rate in both of the recrystallized and unrecrystallized austenite. Austenite deformed at 850°C exhibited mechanical stabilization against sheaf-like bainite transformation during continuous cooling, resulting in the microstructure refinement and higher hardness in P20 steel.
Crowd sourcing memory colors for image enhancement

Memory colors refer to those colors recalled in association with familiar objects [Hering 1961]. The deficiency with existing research in this area is that a) screen memory colors have not been rigorously established and b) existing studies do not include extensive human judgements when evaluating image edits based on memory colors. We first perform a context-free perceptual experiment to establish the overall distributions of screen memory colors for three pervasive objects (skin, sky and grass). Then, we use a context-based experiment to locate the most representative memory colors. Finally, we show a simple, yet effective, application using representative memory colors to enhance digital images.
Successful use of Tesio catheters in pediatric patients receiving chronic hemodialysis

Abstract Semipermanent venous catheters remain the most commonly used access for chronic hemodialysis (HD) in pediatric patients. The recent availability of Tesio catheters in 7 and 10 F has expanded available HD catheter options for children and adolescents. We report our experience with Tesio catheter survival, complications, and effect on dialysis adequacy in comparison to standard dual-lumen (DL) catheters in our pediatric HD patients. Demographic data were similar between the two groups. Overall actuarial survival was significantly longer for Tesio versus DL catheters (46% versus 0% at 1 year; P = 0.003). A comparison of smaller catheters (7 F Tesio catheter, 8 or 10 F DL catheter) showed that smaller Tesio catheters had a significantly longer survival (median survival, 244 versus 13 catheter-days; P P 1.2) was delivered with the same frequency, but for a longer duration with Tesio catheters (76% ± 32% over 100 monthly measurements versus DL catheter, 57% ± 45% over 54 monthly measurements). Our clinical practice was to replace cuffed catheters when adequate dialysis could not be delivered. We conclude that Tesio catheters provide superior performance compared with DL catheters in terms of catheter survival, infection rates, and duration of adequate performance. © 2001 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Unsteady Effects on Trailing Edge Cooling

Natural and forced unsteadiness play a major role in turbine blade trailing edge cooling flows. Reynolds averaged simulations are presented for a surface jet in coflow, resembling the geometry of the pressure side breakout on a turbine blade
1H and 13C NMR studies of tissue from normal and diseased mice. Analysis of t1 and t2 relaxation profiles of triglycerides in liver

The study was initiated to gain a better understanding of the manifestation of disease in the lipid dynamics in tissue. We have performed high resolution 13C and 1H NMR relaxation measurements on the observable lipid resonances in liver and adipose tissue, excised from mice which were normal fed, normal fasted, and infected with the malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei. We have observed that, although the parasite does not invade the hepatocytes, the composition of the liver lipids changes along with nutritional status and disease state. Analysis of the liver lipids using gas chromatography showed that in all cases studied (normal or malarial, fed or fasted) the phospholipid content of the liver remains constant. The triglyceride content, however, shows an increase of up to fourfold in both 24-hour fasted controls and highly parasitized mice. The fatty acid compositions of the triglycerides in 24-hour fasted normal and highly parasitized mice are altered, when compared with fed controls or with mice having a low level of infection. The unsaturation index increases twofold. The 13C T1 experiments on the methylene and olefinic resonances of liver give a single exponential decay. The value for a particular carbon is independent of the origin of the tissue, the nutritional status or the disease state of the animal. In contrast, both 1H and 13C T2 relaxation of the methylene and olefinic carbon resonances can generally be best analyzed as the sum of two exponential decays (based on an F-test). The 13C T2 values and the pre-exponential weighting factors are independent of the origin of the tissue examined. The T2 data could also be analyzed in terms of a distribution of relaxation times, a physically more realistic model. Lastly, our results suggest that the 1H and 13C resonances of lipids in the cells of diseased or normal liver tissues do not give rise to "long" T2 values, as have been observed in cancer cells with metastatic potential.