cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GUI Design Considerations for Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Sounder

This article contains information on how the Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Sounder is the next step in technology for weather and climate missions. This technology can help improve both the vertical and horizontal resolutions of the atmosphere. Hyperspectral microwave describes an all-weather sounding that acts just like hyperspectral infrared sounders. In hyperspectral infrared sounders clouds decease the accuracy of the results, this is a big reason hyperspectral microwave are considered necessary. Hyperspectral measurements allow the user to determine the Earth's temperature with vertical resolution exceeding 1km (1093.61 yards). One of the objectives of Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Sounder (HyMAS) is to develop a data system that will store and display the date received. PIC24 data stream will transfer 52 Data plus 16 H/K = 64 channels over Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) at 100 Hz to scan head computer. Serial Peripheral is a synchronous protocol that allows the master device communication with a slave device. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) will be used to display the data received. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices using images rather than text commands. The author also develops documentation on how to operate the Explorer 16 development board. An Explorer 16 board can be used to interface with the emulator.
Improving the efficiency of a wind turbine system using a fuzzy-pid controller

In the current era, due to the energy shortage problems and economic problems that the humans face, the world has been looking for the alternatives of fossil fuels, and wind driven energy systems have been turning attention as a better electricity source. Wind turbine blades bear different types of loads such as aerodynamic loads, gravitational loads and centrifugal loads. These loads cause aerodynamic fatigue and vibration in blades, which leads to degradation of the rotor blades and thereby reducing the efficiency of the wind turbine system. This can be over-come by using a good pitch controller (PC) which will tune the attack angle of a wind turbine rotor blade into or out of the wind. In this paper, a pitch angle control strategy based on the fuzzy logic control is proposed to cope with the nonlinear characteristics of wind turbine as well as to reduce the loads on the blades. A mathematical model of wind turbine (pitch control system) is developed and is tested with Fuzzy-PID Controller and conventional PID Controller. After comparing the proposed strategy, the simulation results show that the Fuzzy-PID logic controller has better response in controlling the wind turbine pitch system through rejecting the disturbances and correcting uncertain factors associated with the system. Hence improving the efficiency of the wind turbine by controlling the pitch angle.
Adenosine Triphosphate Synthesis by Sodium, Potassium Adenosine Triphosphatase

To characterize the mechanism of the sodium and potassium ion pump of plasma membranes of animal cells, we have investigated the sodium and potassium ion-transport adenosine triphosphatase (Na, K-ATPase). This enzyme expresses the activity of the pump in preparations of broken or leaky membranes. We have investigated specifically the sequence of addition and release of ligands and have become interested in the interaction-free energies of their binding (WEBER, 1974). In particular, binding of Na+ appears to increase the free energy of hydrolysis of a phosphate group at an active site on the enzyme. To distinguish between effects due to binding and those due to translocation of ions, we have preferred to work with leaky membranes, across which concentration gradients do not persist. It has also been an advantage to conduct the hydrolytic reaction of this enzyme in the backward direction. In a first step, the enzyme was phosphorylated from inorganic phosphate (Pi). In a second step, addition of ADP with a high concentration of Na+ produced ATP.
Is lower income associated with greater biopsychosocial morbidity? Implications for physicians working with underserved patients.

Background Previous studies have established a powerful relationship between socioeconomic position and health. However, there has been little attention given to the association between income, biopsychosocial morbidity, and decline in health over time among primary care patients. Methods Data were collected using a survey mailed to patients receiving care at a family medicine center and through a follow-up survey mailed 2 years later. The independent association between various biopsychosocial measures and family income was assessed through stepwise linear regression. After controlling for baseline health status, the effect of family income on health status at follow-up was assessed. Results Data were available from 922 active family medicine patients who responded to the initial survey and from 655 who responded to the follow-up survey. In bivariate analyses, lower family income was significantly associated with poorer health status, greater psychological distress, more family dysfunction, less social support, more behavioral risk factors, higher rates of obesity and uncontrolled blood pressure, poorer physical and mental health status, and more medical diagnoses. In a multivariate analysis, age, sex, marital status, race, social network, family criticism, smoking, fat consumption, and health status were independently associated with family income. After controlling for covariates, including baseline health status, family income was a significant predictor of health status at follow-up. Conclusions Family income is associated with biopsychosocial morbidity and health decline. Physicians who care for poorer patients will likely be confronted by challenging and complex biopsychosocial problems.
Preventive Fault and Corporate Criminal Liability: Transforming Corporate Organizations into Private Policing Entities

Since 1990, federal officials in the United States have used increasingly so- phisticated preventive fault standards for assessing corporate criminal liability. Under these standards, the scope of corporate efforts to prevent offenses, usually as reflected in the presence of substantial corporate law compliance programs, is considered in determining whether corporations should be charged with of- fenses undertaken by employees for corporate gain and, if they are so charged and convicted, in determining what sorts of penalties and compelled reforms the corporations should bear.
Evaluation of Comorbid Epilepsy and Dementia

Patients with dementia have a five- to ten fold increase in risk of seizures, and approximately 12% of new-onset seizures in elderly patients are attributed to degenerative disorders. Likewise, individuals with epilepsy are at an increased risk for developing dementia as an older adult. Due to the high comorbid rates of epilepsy and dementia, it is important for neuropsychologists to understand the bidirectional relationship between dementia and epilepsy. This chapter provides a foundation for understanding the overlap between epilepsy and dementia and provides guidance for diagnostic decision-making and differential diagnosis. Practical tools for clinical assessment are presented as well as a case example.
A Novel Switched Linear Observer for Estimating the State of a Dynamical Process with a Mobile Agent

We consider a setting where a mobile agent is tasked with a two-fold objective: (i) persistent surveillance of a geographical region, and (ii) inference of the state of a dynamical process, measurements of which are available at certain points in the region. The main technical challenge introduced by this problem involves dealing with time-varying measurement matrices induced by the motion of the agent. To address this issue, we develop a simple switched linear observer based on a subspace decomposition technique, and analyze its performance for two different classes of patrols. We establish exponential convergence of the estimation error (at any desired convergence rate) under appropriate conditions on the patrols and the observer gains. Our results have implications for the joint design of patrolling and estimation strategies.
Lawyers and Social Media: From the Absurd to the Troubling

This discusses bar opinions and case law addressing the legal ethical issues of using social media, including: (1) Interacting with Prospective Clients, Clients, and Former Clients Through Social Media; (2) Spoliation, Discovery, and Related Early Litigation Issues; (3) Why a Judge May not be Able to Have Friends. . . on Facebook, at Least; (4) At Trial: Using Social Media to Research Jurors, Counsel and Jurors’ Use of Social Media and the Internet, Juror’s Use of the Internet to Research Facts and Law, Juror’s Use of the Internet to Discuss the Pending Case, and Limiting Juror Research: Model Instructions and Beyond; (6) Judicial Use of the Internet and Social Media to Conduct Factual Research; and (7) other issues.
Relationship of cardiac allograft size and pulmonary vascular resistance to long-term cardiopulmonary function.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term cardiopulmonary function of heart transplant patients who received disproportionately sized allografts for varying levels of pulmonary vascular resistance. Resting hemodynamics and oxygen uptake during exercise were recorded at 1 year after transplantation in 52 patients. No differences in resting heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, peak oxygen uptake during exercise, and exercise duration were found in recipients of undersized hearts (donor:recipient weight ratio [D:R] 1.25) hearts. In a further analysis according to preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance, resting cardiac output (5.8 +/- 1.3 L/min) was normal, and peak exercise oxygen uptake (22.7 +/- 8.0 ml/kg/min) was mildly decreased in recipients of size-matched allografts with a pulmonary vascular resistance of less than 3 Wood units (size-matched hearts, with mild or no pulmonary vascular resistance). Of patients with moderate pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary vascular resistance > or = 3 Wood units), resting cardiac output was normal (5.1 +/- 0.6 L/min) in recipients of oversized hearts and was reduced (4.7 +/- 1.0 L/min) in recipients of sized-matched hearts (p < 0.05 versus recipients of size-matched hearts with pulmonary vascular resistance less than 3 Wood units).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enantio- and Diastereoselective Addition of Cyclohexyl Meldrum′s Acid to β- and α,β-Disubstituted Nitroalkenes via N-Sulfinyl Urea Catalysis.

A practical method for the construction of biologically important chiral γ-amino acids is based on the title reaction in the presence of a sulfinyl urea catalyst.
The role of spinal angiography in the evaluation and treatment of pediatric spinal vascular pathology: a case series and systematic review

While it has been extensively studied in adults, the role of spinal angiography in children with suspected spinal vascular malformations is not fully characterized. With special implications regarding technique, radiation dose, and pathology, we sought to review our single-center experience with pediatric spinal vascular pathology and use a systematic review of the literature to further identify its role in pediatrics. A retrospective chart review was conducted under IRB approval for all patients age 0–18 years old who underwent spinal angiography at our institution between 2007 and 2018 for concern for spinal vascular pathology. A simultaneous systematic review was conducted via dedicated search terms in two distinct databases and reviewed to identify all studies referring to spinal angiography or angiograms in pediatric patients. Six patients were included. Three patients (50%) had vascular malformations confirmed on diagnostic angiography and underwent subsequent endovascular treatment. Two patients (33.3%), one with hematomyelia and one with spinal cord infarction, had negative diagnostic angiograms. One patient (16.7%) had a spinal tumor and underwent angiography for further evaluation preoperatively. Spinal angiography was used to aid in diagnosis, preoperative planning, and treatment in these cases. It was demonstrated to be safe in this patient population, with no untoward events, minimal radiation dose, and possible therapeutic applications in select cases. The systematic review identified 11 studies regarding pediatric spinal angiography. These ranged from single case reports to case series of up to 38 patients and highlighted the role of spinal angiography in diagnosis, endovascular treatment, preoperative planning, and postoperative follow-up. Spinal angiography may be used in a variety of scenarios to better understand the architecture of vascular spinal lesions and facilitate endovascular intervention. While its application in both adult and pediatric pathology is limited to select cases, spinal angiography remains a key diagnostic procedure when approaching vascular lesions or tumors of the spine, assessing for etiology of spinal cord infarcts, and in the evaluation of unexplained hemorrhage in the spinal canal.
Cardiac arrest in the intensive care unit: An assessment of preventability

Abstract Aim Cardiac arrest in the intensive care unit (ICU-CA) is a common and highly morbid event. We investigated the preventability of ICU-CAs and identified targets for future intervention. Methods This was a prospective, observational study of ICU-CAs at a tertiary care center in the United States. For each arrest, the clinical team was surveyed regarding arrest preventability. An expert, multi-disciplinary team of physicians and nurses also reviewed each arrest. Arrests were scored 0 (not at all preventable) to 5 (completely preventable). Arrests were considered ‘unlikely but potentially preventable’ or ‘potentially preventable’ if at least 50% of reviewers assigned a score of ≥1 or ≥3 respectively. Themes of preventability were assessed for each arrest. Results 43 patients experienced an ICU-CA and were included. A total of 14 (32.6%) and 13 (30.2%) arrests were identified as unlikely but potentially preventable by the expert panel and survey respondents respectively, and an additional 11 (25.6%) and 10 (23.3%) arrests were identified as potentially preventable. Timing of response to clinical deterioration, missed/incorrect diagnosis, timing of acidemia correction, timing of escalation to a more senior clinician, and timing of intubation were the most commonly cited contributors to potential preventability. Additional themes identified included the administration of anxiolytics/narcotics for agitation later identified to be due to clinical deterioration and misalignment between team and patient/family perceptions of prognosis and goals-of-care. Conclusions ICU-CAs may have preventable elements. Themes of preventability were identified and addressing these themes through data-driven quality improvement initiatives could potentially reduce CA incidence in critically-ill patients.
On random polynomials generated by a symmetric three-term recurrence relation*

ABSTRACTWe investigate the sequence (Pn(z))n=0∞ of random polynomials generated by the three-term recurrence relation Pn+1(z)=zPn(z)−anPn−1(z), n≥ 1, with initial conditions Pl(z)=zl, l=0,1, assumi...
Novel pharmacological treatments for generalized anxiety disorder: Pediatric considerations.

Background Pediatric anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are common, impairing, and often undertreated. Moreover, many youth do not respond to standard, evidence-based psychosocial or psychopharmacologic treatment. An increased understanding of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate neurotransmitter systems has created opportunities for novel intervention development for pediatric GAD. Methods This narrative review examines potential candidates for pediatric GAD: eszopiclone, riluzole, eglumegad (LY354740), pimavanserin, agomelatine. Results The pharmacology, preclinical data, clinical trial findings and known side effects of eszopiclone, riluzole, eglumegad (LY354740), pimavanserin, agomelatine, are reviewed, particularly with regard to their potential therapeutic relevance to pediatric GAD. Conclusion Notwithstanding numerous challenges, some of these agents represent potential candidate drugs for pediatric GAD. Further treatment development studies of agomelatine, eszopiclone, pimavanserin and riluzole for pediatric GAD also have the prospect of informing the understanding of GABAergic and glutamatergic function across development.
Present Efficiencies and Future Opportunities in Thermophotovoltaics

Summary Despite the relevance of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) conversion to many emerging energy technologies, identifying which aspects of current TPV designs are favorable and where opportunities for improvement remain is challenging because of the experimental variability in TPV literature, including emitter and cell temperatures, cavity geometry, and system scale. This review examines several decades of experimental TPV literature and makes meaningful comparisons across TPV reports by comparing each energy-conversion step to its respective, experiment-specific thermodynamic limit. We find that peak reported efficiencies are nearing 50% of their thermodynamic limit. Emitter-cell pairs that best manage the broad spectrum of thermal radiation exhibit the best efficiencies. Large gains in peak efficiency are expected from further suppression of sub-bandgap radiative transfer, as well as improvements in carrier management that address bandgap underutilization and Ohmic losses. Furthermore, there is a noticeable practical gap between the leading material pairs and integrated devices, mainly due to a lack of scaled-up high-performance materials, which exposes surfaces to parasitic heat loss. Provided these challenges are overcome, TPVs may ultimately provide power on demand and near the point of use, enabling greater integration of intermittent renewables.
Combining advanced computational social science and graph theoretic techniques to reveal adversarial information operations

Abstract Social media has influenced socio-political aspects of many societies around the world. It is an effortless way for people to enhance their communication, connect with like-minded people, and share ideas. Online social networks (OSNs) can be used for noble causes by bringing together communities with common shared interests and to promote awareness of various causes. However, there is a dark side to the use of OSNs. OSNs can also be used as a coordination and amplification platform for attacks. For instance, adversaries can increase the impact of an attack by causing panic in an area by promoting attacks using OSNs. Public data can help adversaries to determine the best timing for attacks, scheduling attacks, and then using OSNs to coordinate attacks on networks or physical locations. This convergence of the cyber and physical worlds is known as cybernetics. In this paper, we introduce an integrated method to identify malicious behavior and the actors responsible for propagating this behavior via online social networks. Throughout history we have used surveillance techniques to monitor negative behavior, activities, and information. Quantitative socio-technical methods such as deviant cyber flash mob (DCFM) detection and focal structure analysis (FSA) can provide reconnaissance capabilities that enable cities and governments to look beyond internal data and identify threats based on active events. Groups of powerful hackers can be identified through FSA which is an integrated model that uses a betweenness centrality method at the node-level and spectral modularity at group-level to identify a hidden malicious and powerful focal structure (a subset of the network). Assessment of groups using DCFM methods can help to identify powerful actors and prevent attacks. In this study, we examine multiple data sets integrating the DCFM and FSA models to help cybersecurity experts see a better picture of the threat which will help to plan a better response.
Radio Galaxy-selected Clusters at High Redshift and Associated Extremely Red Object Overdensities

Galaxy clusters at high redshift present a superb opportunity to study galaxy evolution, with large galaxy samples at fixed distances. Several lines of evidence point toward large formation redshifts and passive evolution for cluster elliptical galaxies. At redshifts higher than z ~ 0.8, this picture rests on data from only a handful of rich clusters. We have observed four potential clusters to sample sparser environments in a critical redshift range, 0.8 5) population, significantly redder than the old elliptical population at the cluster redshift. We discuss the implications of our clusters at high redshift and possible differences in environment from richer clusters at similar redshifts selected through X-ray or optical techniques.
Cognitive Exercise Self-Efficacy of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Measurement and Associations with Other Self-Reported Cognitive Exercise Factors.

Exercise self-efficacy, the confidence a person has in their ability to develop and meet exercise goals, is key to exercise motivation. The primary objective of this pilot study was to explore associations among cognitive exercise self-efficacy, cognitive exercise frequency, challenge, and enjoyment in older adults. A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study design was used with 133 community-dwelling individuals aged 55 years and older. Respondents completed a cognitive exercise self-efficacy scale and responded to cognitive exercise queries. Individuals who engaged in cognitive exercise demonstrated greater cognitive exercise self-efficacy. Cognitive exercise self-efficacy ratings were significantly different across challenge and enjoyment conditions (Pearson’s χ2 test, df = 9, N = 133, χ2 = 123.49, p < 0.01), such that the greater the perception of each, the greater the cognitive exercise self-efficacy (p < 0.01). The comparative impact of perceived enjoyment on cognitive exercise self-efficacy was greater than the impact of perceived challenge. Study findings support positive associations among cognitive exercise self-efficacy, cognitive exercise frequency, challenge, and enjoyment. Consideration of these findings may inform design and sustained implementation of motivating cognitive exercise programs to maximize health and quality of life outcomes of healthy and neurologic older adult populations.
Abstract 2504: Functional characterization of chromosomal deletions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction: Large-scale chromosomal deletions frequently occur in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Many studies have linked these deletions with particular patient outcomes. However, their precise contributions to tumorigenesis have yet to be elucidated. Here, we introduce an in vitro model for studying large-scale chromosomal deletions to establish their role as driver or passenger events in HNSCC progression. Methods: CRISPR/Cas9 vectors coding for guide RNAs (gRNAs) that flank two of the commonly deleted regions in HNSCC tumors were transfected into primary human keratinocytes. Eighteen different combinations of gRNAs were utilized to create deletions of various sizes at two different genomic loci. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was harvested 24 hours post-transfection and analyzed via endpoint PCR and Sanger sequencing to assess for the presence of the deletions. Edited cells were further sorted via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and the efficiency of the deletions were analyzed via performing TaqMan copy number assay qPCR on extracted gDNA. Subsequently, the invasive properties of the genome-edited cells were then investigated using organotypic cultures, a near-physiological three-dimensional model system for studying squamous epithelial biology. Results: The feasibility of performing large-scale deletions was confirmed via endpoint PCR and Sanger sequencing, in which all 18 gRNA combinations created successful deletions. We further sought to create a pure population of the cells harboring the deletions by isolating the edited cells via FACS. TaqMan copy number assay qPCR on gDNA harvested from these cells indicated a 10-45% reduction in the copy number of loci of interest. Genome-edited keratinocytes containing deletions at two of the most commonly deleted sites in HNSCC tumors were used for organotypic assays, in which the preliminary results suggested that deletion of these sites can lead to a gain of invasive behavior. Conclusion: Chromosomal deletions occur at a high frequency in HNSCC tumors. However, there is no established model to determine whether these deletions exist as driver or passenger events. Here, we demonstrate the introduction of successful large-scale deletions in a primary human cell culture system that can be further utilized to study the role of these events in HNSCC tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we show that two of the most common deletions in HNSCC may act as driver events in tumor progression. Support: This study was supported by Program in Breakthrough Biological Research, UCSF School of Dentistry OHNRG pilot grant, and an R01 grant (DE029890-01 - Defining the Mutational pathogenesis of Oral Preneoplasia). Citation Format: Ramin Farhad, Vicente Planells Palop, Aaron Tward. Functional characterization of chromosomal deletions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2504.
Hope, uncertainty, and control: A theoretical integration in the context of serious illness.

Abstract Background Hope has been a topic of interest across many centuries and among diverse cultures, gaining particular relevance in crisis and change-seeking times. Research has shown that hope plays an important role in both the context of everyday life as well as in the context of illness. This paper presents an integrative theory of hope, which incorporates uncertainty and control as key drivers of the hope process and also includes appraisal and meaning. Discussion This new hope theory states that hope emerges when a specific situation is appraised as uncertain and involves the discernment of the utility of primary and secondary control. For example, in the context of high uncertainty and low control, importance is given to the meaning-making and transcendence in maintaining hope. In the context of low uncertainty and high control, importance is given to the agency and self-efficacy components of hope. Conclusions Although this integrative theory is based on current theory and evidence, it awaits empirical evidence for the integration of hope, uncertainty, and control in a process-oriented model of hope. The integrative theory may have clinical utility, particularly for serious illness and palliative care where uncertainty, hope and control transform with the trajectory of the illness.
Computing posterior signals and endogenous parameters in a dealer trading network

Abstract A numerical procedure to obtain posterior valuation signals in a theoretical equilibrium of an interdealer trading network is derived by harnessing a transformation of the adjacency matrix of the network. Applying transaction prices and quantities, the procedure leads to recovery of the endogenous parameters of the network.
Bladder instillation for urinary tract infection prevention in neurogenic bladder patients practicing clean intermittent catheterization: A systematic review.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of different modalities of bladder instillation in patients with neurogenic bladder practicing intermittent catheterization.Methods:A systematic review o...
Protein phosphorylation and metabolic control

The regulation of enzyme activity through the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of specific seryl or threonyl residues in enzymes is now recognized as an important control mechanism. A great many non-enzymic proteins may also be interconverted between phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms, but in these instances the function served by phosphorylation is not well understood. This lack of understanding is probably due to our lack of knowledge of the specialized actions of most non-enzymic proteins. The sequences of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins are, of necessity, subject to rigid control. If this were not so, the ATP supply of a cell would be rapidly depleted. Moreover, such processes must be regulated for metabolic interconversions to have a physiological regulatory role. For the best studied system, the interconversion of phosphorylase b and phosphorylase a, many different factors controlling the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation steps have been elucidated. Probably this process is constrained so that it uses only a little energy. In this paper, these constraints are examined.
The Understudied Case of Black Professional Men: Advocating an Intersectional Approach

This paper considers potential new areas for sociology of work research. Specifically, we review some key studies in the sociology of work that identify the processes by which workplaces and labor markets recreate racial and gendered inequality. We then examine the ways that intersectionality theory has generated additional insights into how certain groups are disadvantaged at work. Finally, we make the case that using an intersectional approach to explore the occupational challenges, opportunities, and issues facing black professional men offers a new and important direction for research in the sociology of work.
Sequence specificity of mRNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase

The sequence specificity of chicken mRNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase has been investigated in vivo. Localization of six new N6-methyladenosine sites on Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) virion RNA has confirmed our extended consensus sequence for methylation: RGACU, where R is usually a G (7/12). We have also observed A (2/12) and U (3/12) at the -2 position (relative to m6A at +1) but never a C. At the +3 position, the U was observed 10/12 times; an A and a C were observed once each in weakly methylated sequences. The extent of methylation varied between the different sites up to a maximum of about 90%. To test the significance of this consensus sequence, it was altered by site-specific mutagenesis, and methylation was assayed after transfection of mutated RSV DNA into chicken embryo fibroblasts. We found that changing the G at -1 or the U at +3 to any other residue inhibited methylation. However, inhibition of methylation at all four of the major sites in the RSV src gene did not detectably alter the steady-state levels of the three viral RNA species or viral infectivity. Additional mutants that inactivated the src protein kinase activity produced less virus and exhibited relatively less src mRNA in infected cells.
Stephen's Villanelle: From Passive to Active Creation

TEPHEN'S villanelle in the fourth chapter of A Portrait of the Artist as a YoungMan, like the character Stephen himself, has evoked from critics a wide range of response. The battle over how to evaluate both the Villanelle of the Temptress and its creator, the artist as a young man, began when Joyce's irony in A Portrait began to be truly discovered. Posi­ tions were taken, sides were drawn up, as people pondered this kind of polarizing question: Is Stephen's villanelle an exquisitely-wrought piece of art intended by Joyce to illustrate convincingly - as do Stephen's aesthetic theories - the genius of the youth, or does Joyce mean to exemplify via a schoolboyish, outdated form of poetry the bad art that can result from an immature, overly romantic artist's loss of control and distance from his subject? If the villanelle is designed to be a receptacle for reader mockery, so also surely must be the overly dramatic diary entries at the conclusion of A Portrait, such as "Welcome, 0 life! I go to encounter for the millionth time the reality of experience and to forge in the smithy of my soul the uncreated conscience of my race. . . ." But where does the irony end? Is Joyce willing to undernline totally in readers' minds the entire idea of Stephen's calling, of the genuineness of his vocation, making the young man an unredeemable fool? The polarized controversy on how to regard both Stephen and the villanelle as specimen of Stephen's artistic promise continues.! However, yet another interpretation of the poem and its func­ tion in Stephen's kiinstlerroman will be offered here. 1. In 1961 in The Rhetoric ofFiction (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1961) Wayne Booth pressed
Cytopathogenic effects in enterocytelike Caco-2 cells differentiate virulent from avirulent Listeria strains.

We have developed a simple test that differentiates between virulent and avirulent Listeria species as defined by the mouse 50% lethal doses (LD50S). The assay is based on trypan blue-revealed cytopathogenic effects that are produced during the infection of the human enterocytelike cell line Caco-2. These effects were elicited only by Listeria strains that had an intraperitoneal mouse LD50 less than 10(8) and were not produced by nonhemolytic, avirulent strains of Listeria monocytogenes generated spontaneously or by Tn916 mutagenesis or by avirulent Listeria species. A negative test was also obtained with hemolysin-producing, avirulent L. monocyotogenes NCTC5105 and Listeria ivanovii KC1786. The test was negative with avirulent L. monocytogenes strains which are strong inducers of opacity in egg yolk agar. However, a strain which has a low LD50, such as 10(4), may show less severe cytopathogenic effects than a strain having a higher LD50, such as 10(6). The test has been effectively used to screen for virulent listerial isolates, spontaneous mutants, and transposon-induced mutants. Images
Acute pain management in hospitalized patients with cognitive impairment: a study of provider practices and treatment outcomes.

Background Despite new guidelines and nationally mandated regular assessments, managing pain in cognitively impaired patients remains a complex and challenging task. Numerous studies have focused on assessing pain in this population, however studies of treatment are limited.
State Policy and the Public Domain: The Ohio Canal Lands

One of the principal sectional issues in nineteenth-century American politics related to Federal subsidies for major transportation facilities in the territories and newer western states. Not unreasonably, western political and business leaders contended that tax revenues in newly settled areas were insufficient to support the cost of large-scale public transport projects. Road and canal facilities were essential to regional economic development, declared a Cincinnati editor in 1824; yet “the Western states … are too poor, too exhausted, to engage in those public works.” The states recently admitted to the Union, he asserted, required “the fostering aid of the nation.” But appeals for such aid ran into a bedeviling series of political and financial obstacles. First, military expenditures during the War of 1812 and the legacy of war debt drained the Federal Treasury of surplus funds. Then, Jeffersonian “strict constructionists,” notably Presidents Madison and Monroe, questioned on constitutional grounds the propriety of an active Federal role in transport development. Underlying the tortured constitutional debates was a basic sectional conflict, which posed the eastern and southern states (some of which had been supplicants themselves for Federal aid a few years earlier) against the claims of the West. Of all the major western demands for Federal patronage, the National Road was virtually the only project approved before 1824.
Growth kinetics of O/W(110) at high coverage.

We study the phase separation of the O/W(110)-p(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)+p(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) system with LEED as it is quenched from an ``infinite''-temperature initial state to within its coexistence region. Novel features of this system are the fourfold degeneracy of the ordered phases and their finite densities. The measured growth exponent is consistent with the Lifshitz-Slyozov prediction x=1/3. Diffusion activation energies measured with two independent methods are consistent with each other and lead to E\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.58 eV.
Rare incidence of congestive heart failure in gastrointestinal stromal tumor and other sarcoma patients receiving imatinib mesylate

BACKGROUND: The authors sought to determine the incidence and severity of cardiovascular toxicity caused by imatinib mesylate in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and other sarcoma patients, and to explore cardiotoxicity caused by imatinib mesylate using cell culture and in vitro models. METHODS: To determine the incidence and significance of serious cardiac adverse events in GIST and other sarcoma patients receiving imatinib mesylate, the authors performed a retrospective analysis of 219 consecutive patients treated with imatinib mesylate. In vitro studies of imatinib mesylate on cultured cardiomyocytes and biochemical studies of cardiac lysates from mice treated with imatinib mesylate were performed to define the potential cardiotoxic effects of imatinib mesylate. RESULTS: Grade 3 or 4 potentially cardiotoxic adverse events (mostly edema or effusions) occurred in 8.2% of patients, were manageable with medical therapy, and infrequently required dose reduction or discontinuation of imatinib mesylate. Arrhythmias, acute coronary syndromes, or heart failure were uncommon, occurring in <1% of treated patients. However, administration of imatinib in a mouse model system resulted in inhibition of activation of protein kinases that are known to be important in the cardiac stress response. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded that imatinib is an uncommon cause of cardiotoxicity, and that the cardiovascular adverse events that occur are manageable when recognized and treated. Nevertheless, our preclinical findings suggest that imatinib remains a potential cardiotoxin. Furthermore, the cardiac consequences of long-term imatinib therapy remain unknown. We therefore recommend treatment of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in imatinib-treated patients in accord with the American Heart Association guidelines for the prevention and treatment of heart failure. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
UTSAF: Getting The Best of Consumer Graphics into Military Simulations

Rapid advances in consumer electronics have led to the anomaly that consumer gaming hardware and software now provide better interactive three-dimensional graphics than military and other specialized systems costing orders of magnitude more. UTSAF is bridging software written to take advantage of the power of modern gaming systems by allowing them to participate in distributed simulations with military simulators such as the Modular Semi-Automated Forces (ModSAF). UTSAF parses the ModSAF network protocol and uses the information gained to control entities within the Unreal Tournament video game, using the Gamebots modification. This paper describes the advantages of game-based simulation, and the UTSAF bridging and control architecture.
Binding of iron by rat placental tissues.

Nachweis, dass das Eisenbindungsvermogen der Dottersackplacenta bedeutend grosser ist als bei der chorioallantoiden Placenta und dass diese auch unter der Einwirkung von den Stoffwechsel beeinflussenden Stoffen ein verschiedenes Verhalten zeigt.
Anomalous shear ultrasonic attenuation peak between TN and Tc in Ho

Abstract An anomalous attenuation peak at about 90°K has been observed for shear sound waves transmitted along the c -axis of two holmium single crystals.
Winter wheat cover cropping, VA mycorrhizal fungi and maize growth and yield

The relationships among winter cover cropping, inoculum potential of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, and the growth and yield of a subsequent maize crop were investigated. In the first experiment, an autumn-sown winter wheat cover crop increased VAM fungal inoculum potential of a field soil as measured by an in situ maize bioassay during the following growing season. Infective extra-radical hyphal densities were significantly increased by cover cropping as interpreted from the effect of soil disturbance on infection of the maize bioassay plants. In a second experiment the following year, the winter wheat cover crop again increased VAM fungal inoculum potential as assessed by an in situ maize bioassay during the following growing season. Moreover, the degree of mycorrhizal infection of maize was correlated with maize growth and yield. This study suggests that the management of mycorrhizal fungi by cover cropping may be a useful practice in sustainable agriculture.
Safe stress model for mechanical reliability of optical fibers

An engineering methodology for estimating the mechanical reliability of optical fiber is being developed within a fracture mechanics framework. The model, one of several currently under development, expresses allowable inservice stresses as a fraction of fiber strength in a fatigue environment for a range of n values and fiber types. Of particular importance is the need for obtaining strength data on fiber lengths appropriate for the application.
Günther Tulip and Celect IVC filters in multiple-trauma patients.

PURPOSE To evaluate results with the retrievable Gunther Tulip (GT) and Celect inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) placed at the intensive care unit (ICU) bedside under "real-time" intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance in multiple-trauma patients. METHODS Between December 2004 and December 2008, 187 multiple-trauma patients (109 men; mean age 44+/-2 years, range 17-71) with contraindications to low-dose anticoagulation therapy or sequential compression devices had Gunther Tulip (n = 97) or Celect (n = 90) retrievable IVCFs placed under real-time IVUS guidance. Gunther Tulip filters were inserted using a "double-puncture" technique. The Celect IVCFs were placed with a simplified single-puncture technique in which the filter introducer sheath was advanced until the radiopaque tip "covered" the IVUS image of the renal vein, indicating that the filter sheath was in position for filter deployment. The 2 filter groups were compared on the endpoints of technical implantation success, retrievability, prevention of PE, and procedure-related deep vein thrombosis (DVT). RESULTS As verified by abdominal radiography, 93.1% (174/187) of IVCFs were placed without complications; 6 IVCFs (all GT; p = 0.03 versus Celect) were misplaced in the iliac vein but uneventfully retrieved and replaced in the IVC within 24 hours. Two insertion site femoral vein DVTs (both in the dual puncture group; p>0.2) and 5 groin hematomas occurred during follow-up. GT filters were in place a mean of 107 days and Celect 97 days. In this time, 2 pulmonary embolisms occurred (1 in each group; p>0.2). Of the 115 filters scheduled for retrieval (50 Gunther Tulip, 65 Celect), 33 (23 Gunther Tulip, 10 Celect) could not be retrieved (p = 0.0004). Vena cavography identified filter tilting (>20 degrees ) in 21 cases (15 GT, 6 Celect), while 12 filters (8 GT, 4 Celect) had extended indwell times (mean 187 days) and excessive tissue ingrowth covering the retrieval hook. Subjectively, the Celect filters were clinically "easier" to retrieve; they also had fewer cases of significant tilt (>20%) than the GT filters, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION GT and Celect IVCFs placed at the ICU bedside under IVUS guidance in multiple-trauma patients was simple, safe, and avoided transporting critically ill patients out of the ICU. Further investigation of the single sheath IVUS technique and the role of retrievable IVCFs in multi-trauma patients is warranted.
Role of inland water sediments as sinks for anthropogenic sulfur

Abstract The accumulation of sulfur in the sediments of lakes and reservoirs has been estimated to be about 0.7 and 8.0 million tonnes per year respectively. Such a sink thus accounts for about 10% of the sulfur released annually from fossil fuel combustion and for a significant fraction of the “missing” sulfur in the current global budgets. The recent increases in the sulfur contents of inland water sediments (about 3-fold in the Great Lakes ecosystems, for example) have been attributed to the increased pollution of water bodies with sulfur.
Photodynamic therapy with photofrin II induces programmed cell death in carcinoma cell lines.

Abstract The mode of cell death following photodynamic therapy was investigated from the perspective of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Human prostate carcinoma cells (PC3), human non-small cell lung carcinoma (H322a) and rat mammary carcinoma (MTF7) were treated by photodynamic therapy. An examination of extracted cellular DNA by gel electrophoresis showed the characteristic DNA ladder indicative of internucleosomal cleavage of DNA during apoptosis. The magnitude of the response and the photodynamic therapy dosage required to induce DNA fragmentation were different in PC3 and MTF7. The MTF7 cells responded with rapid apoptosis at the dose of light and drug that yielded 50% cell death (LD50). In contrast, PC3 showed only marginal response at the LD50 but had a marked response at the LD85. Thus, apoptosis did not ensue as quickly in PC3 as in MTF7. The H322a cells were killed by photodynamic therapy but failed to exhibit any apoptotic response. The results also suggested that apoptosis in these cell lines has a minor requirement for de novo protein synthesis and no requirement for de novo RNA synthesis. This study indicates that although apoptosis can occur during photodynamic therapy-induced cell death, this response is not universal for all cancer cell lines.
The Role of Information Systems Resources in ERP Capability Building and Business Process Outcomes

Many enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation projects fail despite huge investments. To explain such failures, we draw on the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm to define various dimensions of information systems (IS) resources. Using resource-picking and capability-building arguments, we examine the relationships between IS resources and ERP capabilities to find out whether they have complementary effects on outcomes. Empirical results from a survey of manufacturing firms that recently implemented ERP systems support the hypothesized model. For IS research, this study further develops the complementary and capability-building roles of IS resources, integrates RBV into our current knowledge of ERP implementation, and provides theoretical explanations for when or under what conditions building ERP capabilities has the highest impact on business process outcomes. For IS practice, it emphasizes the importance of IS resources in building ERP capabilities, provides preliminary measures for IS resource dimensions, and demonstrates their impact on firms' ERP capabilities and consequent business process outcomes.