cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immediate free flap mandibular reconstruction: Significance of adequate surgical margins

The pathologic records of 182 consecutive patients who had mandible resections were reviewed to determine the incidence of positive margins in the bone specimens and the risk factors associated with positive margins. Of the 182 cases reviewed, 82 (45%) were found to have involvement of the mandible at the time of resection and four (2%) were found to have positive margins. The predominant tumor histology was squamous cell carcinoma, 148 of 182 (81%), followed in frequency by osteosarcoma 12 of 182 (7%), salivary gland tumors 13 of 182 (7%), and miscellaneous other tumors (nine of 182 (5%). Of the four tumors with positive margins, two (50%) were squamous cell carcinomas, one (25%) was an osteosarcoma, and one (25%) was a salivary gland tumor. All four tumors were large tumors that had failed to respond to previous therapy. All obviously involved the mandible at the time of presentation. This study demonstrates that the incidence of bone margin involvement after mandibulectomy is rare and predictable and that clinical selection of candidates for immediate reconstruction is reliable in preventing inappropriate use of free bone flaps in patients at risk for positive bone margins.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Evaporating Flow Heat Transfer in Micro-Channel

Experimental and numerical results are presented for steady evaporating flow heat transfer from open top square micro-channels. Radial channels, 40 microns high, and 35, 50 and 70 microns wide with 5 micron wide SU-8 walls are considered. The channels are filled with Fluorinert FC77 working fluid pumped by capillary forces from a reservoir at the outer circumference of the radial channels. An energy balance on the radial channels including heat into the channels, conduction heat transfer radially along the channels and latent heat transfer via evaporation of the working fluid from the channels is experimentally determined. Microphotography is used to visualize the working fluid and the meniscus contact angles in the channels. A three-dimensional finite difference time-domain integration is used to predict sensible heat transfer rates and latent heat transfer/ evaporation rates. Experimental measurements are compared to the numerical results to extract estimates of the liquid thickness in the channels.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The breeding shield design for the technology test reactor TIBER-II

The breeding shield design for the compact technology test reactor TIBER-II is described. The shield allows for tritium self-sufficiency by utilizing a beryllium multiplier zone in the outboard shield and an aqueous solution coolant in which LiNO3 is dissolved. This low-temperature and low-pressure design yields an overall tritium breeding ratio of 1.05 and provides adequate protection for the TF coils. The design features of this breeding shield render it an attractive low-risk candidate for ITER.
Programmed cell death and new discoveries in the genetics of parkinsonism.

The concept that activation of cellular pathways of programmed cell death (PCD) may lead to the death of neurons has been an important hypothesis for adult neurodegenerative diseases. For Parkinson’s disease (PD), up until now, the evidence for this hypothesis has largely been of two types: clear evidence of a role for PCD in neurotoxin models of the disease, and somewhat controversial evidence from human postmortem studies. With the rapid pace of discoveries in recent years of the genetic basis of PD, a new form of evidence has emerged. The prevailing concept of the role for PCD in PD has been that its mediators are ‘downstream’ effectors of more proximate and specific causes related to genetic or environmental factors. However, recent studies of three genes which cause autosomal recessive forms of parkinsonism, parkin, PTEN-induced kinase, and DJ-1, suggest that they may have more intimate relationships with the mediators of PCD and that loss-of-function mutations may result in an increased propensity for neurons to die. Intriguingly, independent studies of the function of these genes have suggested that they may share roles in regulating survival signaling pathways, such as those mediated by the survival signaling kinase Akt. Further elucidation of these relationships will have implications for the pathogenesis and neuroprotective treatment of PD.
Reproducibility of musculoskeletal ultrasound for determining monosodium urate deposition: Concordance between readers

The role of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) in studying monosodium urate (MSU) deposition is rapidly evolving. As a relatively inexpensive imaging approach that does not involve exposure to radiation, MSK-US permits both dynamic assessment of joints, and identification of inflammation using power Doppler technology to show microvascular blood flow. In gout, MSK-US has been shown to detect various findings, from free-floating MSU crystals in the synovial fluid (“snowstorm appearance”) [1], to MSU crystal deposition on the superficial margin of the articular cartilage (“double contour” sign), to presence of clinical and subclinical tophaceous deposits and erosions [2]. Using power Doppler, one study showed evidence of persistent mild inflammation in patients with asymptomatic chronic tophaceous gout [3]. As compared to X-ray, MSK-US may detect findings in gout at an earlier stage, and with more sensitivity for detecting small (<2 mm) erosions [4]. MSK-US and MRI have been reported to be comparable for detection of tophi [5], although MRI may be superior in its sensitivity to detect erosions [6]. MSK-US also appears to be better than clinical assessment at detecting effusions and synovitis in patients with a history of gout and/or pseudogout [7]. Sensitive and specific determination of MSU deposition in and around joints by MSK-US would have implications for uric acid (UA) management in patients with gout, including indications for starting treatment, and ability to monitor therapeutic responses by following reduction in extent of MSU deposits. In one recent study, sonographic evidence of the “double contour” sign disappeared in gout patients whose serum urate levels were lowered to ≤ 6 mg/dL for seven months or more, but not in patients whose levels remained above 6 mg/dL [8]. There is also a potential role for MSK-US in patients with high serum UA but no clinical history of gout, a condition otherwise known as asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH). Two studies found sonographic evidence of MSU deposition in patients with AH [9,10]. Whether such patients warrant treatment is yet to be determined. Given that 1) expert consensus has generally favored urate-lowering therapy (ULT) for visible tophi, and 2) both visible and MSK-US-detected tophi may show evidence of accompanying bony erosion, the treatment of MSK-US-detected lesions will deserve serious consideration [11]. With the growing interest in using MSK-US in the setting of gout and AH, there is a need for more studies to confirm the reproducibility of readings. We therefore undertook a study using MSK-US to examine knee and first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints for evidence of MSU deposition. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate inter-reader agreement of positive and negative findings in these joints, and (2) to compare MSK-US findings and inter-reader concordance in patients with different likelihoods of having MSU deposition, i.e., gout versus patients with AH versus controls.
High-resolution, whole-body vascular imaging with ferumoxytol as an alternative to gadolinium agents in a pediatric chronic kidney disease cohort.

Background Exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been associated with the development of a potentially fatal disorder, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). Although contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is an alternative to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it carries the risk of radiation exposure and further reduction of residual renal function. Therefore we sought to assess the feasibility of ferumoxytol as an alternative to GBCA for contrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) in a pediatric cohort with CKD. Ferumoxytol is a parenteral iron supplement that contains ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) and is a potent relaxivity agent for MRI.
On tolerable route deviations in van pooling

Abstract The ratio of tolerable route deviation to trip length for van pools is derived from an analysis of user cost and then compared to several operating routes. The ratio is also favorably compared to reported van pool travel times and the often used utility ratio. It is suggested that this ratio can be a useful planning tool for estimating the regional potential of van pooling and for identifying specific areas of highest potential.
Social–emotional origins of violence: A theory of multiple killing

Abstract This essay outlines a cybernetic theory of violence, supporting and extending earlier studies, particularly Gilligan and Websdale. It spells out recursive, interactive processes of alienation and emotion. The theory proposes that most violence is caused by the interaction between alienation and what Gilligan called secret shame, shame about shame. Recursion need not stop in one round: there may be no natural limit for the resultant spirals. A chain reaction of vengefulness, a shame/anger derivative, can be produced in this way. Two spirals are described: shame/rage and shame/shame. Studies and accounts of multiple killings offer preliminary support. The idea may be applicable to collective behavior also, such as gratuitous wars. Websdale's cases of calmly planned familicide seem particularly relevant to the origins of wars, such as WWI, in which vengeance seems to have played a major part. It would appear that the humiliation–revenge cycle is the most dangerous element in human existence. The last section offers some tentative first steps toward decreasing violence. To the extent that the theory proposed here is true, we face the dilemma of how to present it to a civilization in which the social–emotional world is virtually invisible.
Isolation and characterization of nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes from Drosophila melanogaster.

The isolation of total nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles fromDrosophila melanogaster embryos, using a pH 8.0, 01 M NaCl extraction of purified nuclei, is described. When the extract is fractionated on isokinetic sucrose gradients, at least six major classes of nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes, differing in RNA and protein content as well as sedimentation behavior, are observed. The two largest complexes are preribosomal complexes. The remaining four major classes of RNPs sediment at roughly 6S, 8S, 12S and 30S. A minor class at 17S is also observed. The 30S fraction is 200–250 A in width and appears to be analogous to the mammalian monoparticle. It is composed primarily of polypeptides at about 36 000 and 37 000 daltons, along with 1–2 kilobase RNA fragments. The 6S, 8S and 12S complexes contain a few discrete small nuclear RNAs from 80–600 bases in length, along with a small number of polypeptides, about 50 000, 52 000, 56 000 and 75 000 daltons. These novel complexes are of the order of a 100 A in width (60–120 A range).
Stages in the recovery of feeding following vagotomy in rabbits.

Rabbits were either chronically vagotomized or laparotomized (controls) and maintained on free-feeding regimens. In Experiment 1, animals received greens, liquid, and solid foods while recovering. Vagotomized animals showed a recovery syndrome and other alterations in feeding control similar to the lateral hypothalamic syndrome. After an initial anorexia, when the rabbits ate only fresh greens, liquid food (chocolate diet drink) was eaten followed finally by a recovery of solid food consumption. No direct effects on water intake were seen. Once recovered vagotomized animals on solid food ate longer but less frequent meals than did controls. In Experiment 2, vagotomized rabbits showed the pattern of frequent small meals on liquid foods. On solid food, while recovering, the vagotomized rabbit again ate small frequent meals. These results indicate that the vagus nerve participates in meal patterning and appetite and that the effects of vagotomy show temporal changes, probably due to a reorganization of regulative controls. The data also indicate the importance of vagal afferant and efferent information in the control of eating.
Absolute cross section for photoionization of atomic oxygen

The absolute cross section for photoionization of atomic oxygen from the 2p4 3P ground state of O(0) to the 2p3 4S ground state of O(+) has been measured at five narrow wavelength intervals between 89.8 and 76.2 nm. The cross section near the 2p3 4S threshold is 4.5 Mb + or - 7%. Recent calculations by Taylor and Burke (1976) and by Pradhan and Saraph (1977) are in reasonable agreement with this work. The dipole-length results of Taylor and Burke (4.1 Mb) are in better agreement with the experiment than their dipole-velocity results (3.2 Mb).
Persistence of pyrimidine dimers during post-replication repair in ultraviolet light-irradiated Escherichia coli K12.

We have used a new assay for pyrimidine dimers to obtain evidence regarding the mechanism of post-replication repair of ultraviolet light-induced damage in excision-deficient (uvr) mutants of Escherichia coli. Our data indicate that dimers are gradually removed from the irradiated DNA under conditions permitting post-replication repair. Concomitantly, dimers appear in daughter strands synthesized after irradiation. The daughter strands initially contain gaps. During post-replication repair the gaps are filled and the originally discontinuous DNA is joined into long molecules resembling those observed in unirradiated control cells. Density transfer experiments reported by other investigators have provided evidence that the gap-filling involves exchanges between irradiated parental DNA and unirradiated daughter strands. The results of our experiments are in accord with this possibility and suggest that some dimers are included in the exchanged regions. Our data imply that intact, dimer-free DNA molecules are not necessarily generated by gap-filling and may not appear in uvr cells until several hours after u.v. irradiation. Instead, dimers may be gradually diluted among successive generations of DNA molecules synthesized after irradiation.
“Our Most Lethal Enemy?”: Star Trek, the Borg, and Methodological Simplicity

In the Star Trek universe, the Borg are a race of cybernetic humanoids intent on assimilating all other sentient beings into a collective consciousness through the elimination of difference. Although it would be easy to reduce the Borg Collective to a symbolic cautionary tale for qualitative researchers, we would like to trouble and extend this analysis. For this special edition of Qualitative Inquiry, we adopt Gilles Deleuze’s theories of banality and of objective–subjective commensurability to pose challenges to simplicity in methodology and product, and apply these lenses to Star Trek: The Next Generation episodes and film, to our own work as qualitative researchers, and to discussions of how the act of blurring the lines between fiction and philosophy through the trope of science fiction cinema can render complex academic writing more accessible and more enjoyable.
A preliminary survey of thermal microstructure in the Strait of Gibraltar

Abstract The 1958 survey provided the data for a preliminary synoptic study of the complicated dynamic phenomena of the Strait of Gibraltar. For this purpose, attention was focused near the boundary surface of the deep layer of pure Mediterranean water east of the sill. West of the sill this dense layer loses its character in a process of turbulent mixing with the lighter Atlantic water. The survey of the thermal microstructure of the sill area was made possible by the use of the new towed thermistor chain of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ( Richardson and Hubbard 1959). In 66 crossings of the Strait (north to south) above the sill and one passage (west to east) along the axis, the following were the most interesting findings: 1. (1) - The boundary between deep Mediterranean water and Atlantic water oscillates vertically with tidal periods. 2. (2) - The boundary layer was found to slope down sharply at the centre of the channel at the time of internal high tide. 3. (3) - Vertical motions of the isotherms of semi-diurnal period and in phase with the moon transits were dominat. 4. (4) - Fluctuations of high amplitude and non-tidal period were superimposed on the dominant motions. 5. (5) - Solitary rapid depth variations of some isotherms were recorded more frequently over the southern portion of the sill. The maximum depth change recorded was 80 m. 6. (6) - The surface temperature is warmer on the Spanish than on the African side of the Strait. A four degree Centrigrade difference was found at one time along the four-mile long transverse above the sill.
The occurrence and physiological functions of melatonin in the most primitive eumetazoans, the planarians

Asexual planarians of the speciesDugesia dorotocephala exhibit a distinct circadian rhythm of fissoning (asexual reproduction) under the influence of normal photoperiod; fissioning occurs only at night. This rhythm is broken down by continuous illumination, continuous darkness or by decapitation. The fissioning rate increases when planarians are exposed to light for less than 1 hour/day or when they are decapitated. Fissioning of decapitated planarians is suppressed by continuous treatment with melatonin, whereas fissioning resumes when these are returned to normal culture water. Interestingly, fissioning occurs at night when decapitates are treated with melatonin in the daytime, while it is observed in the daytime with night-time melatonin treatment. Endogenous melatonin was detected by HPLC and RIA. The endogenous melatonin level is always higher in those heads collected in the scotophase than in those collected in the photophase. A type of neurosecretory cell, which may synthesize melatonin, is found in the assembly of photoreceptor cells.
Being the shadow: witnessing schizophrenia

This essay discusses Susan Smiley’s documentary film, Out of the Shadow (2004), and Tina Kotulski’s memoir, Saving Millie: A Daughter’s Story of Surviving Her Mother’s Schizophrenia, as filmic and narrative treatments of their mother’s schizophrenia. Mildred Smiley, and her diagnosis of and treatment for schizophrenia, is at the center of both her daughters’ treatments of mental illness, and in these texts, all three become witnesses to the multiple experiences of mental illness and the multiple events of psychiatric power. As I will argue, these two texts are treatments of schizophrenia that both see and don’t see Mildred Smiley’s experience of mental illness. Through these texts, we—viewer and reader—are asked to look again, or to look for the first time, at mental illness, and we are positioned as having the agency to look or look away. As we look and try to make sense of what we see (and don’t see), we too participate in the production of mental illness as a category of analysis.
Imaging lipids with secondary ion mass spectrometry

This review discusses the application of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and magnetic sector SIMS with high lateral resolution performed on a Cameca NanoSIMS 50(L) to imaging lipids. The similarities between the two SIMS approaches and the differences that impart them with complementary strengths are described, and various strategies for sample preparation and to optimize the quality of the SIMS data are presented. Recent reports that demonstrate the new insight into lipid biochemistry that can be acquired with SIMS are also highlighted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Tools to study lipid functions.
A Starfish Preplanetary Nebula: IRAS 19024+0044

Using the Hubble Space Telescope, we have imaged the OH/IR star IRAS 19024+0044 (I19024) at 0.6, 0.8, 1.1, and 1.6 μm, as part of our surveys of candidate preplanetary nebulae. The images show a multipolar nebula of size ~3farcs7 × 2farcs3, with at least six elongated lobes emanating from the center of the nebula. Two of the lobes show limb-brightened tips having point-symmetric structure with respect to the expected location of the central star. The central region shows two dark bands southwest and northeast of a central shallow maximum that may be either two inclined dusty toroidal structures or the dense parts of a single wide, inhomogeneous, toroid. A very faint, surface brightness-limited, diffuse halo surrounds the lobes. Long-slit/echelle optical spectroscopy obtained at the Mount Palomar and Keck observatories shows a spatially compact source of Hα emission; the Hα line shows a strong, narrow, central core with very broad (±1000 km s^(-1)), weak wings, and a narrower blueshifted absorption feature signifying the presence of a ~100 km s^(-1) outflow. The spectrum is characterized by a strong, relatively featureless, continuum and lacks the strong forbidden emission lines characteristic of planetary nebulae, confirming that IRAS 19024 is a preplanetary nebula; the spectral type for the central star, although uncertain, is most likely early G. Interferometric observations of the CO J = 1-0 line emission with the Owens Valley Radio Interferometer show a marginally resolved molecular envelope (size 5farcs5 × 4farcs4) with an expansion velocity of 13 km s^(-1), resulting from the asymptotic giant granch (AGB) progenitor's dense, slow wind. We derive a kinematic distance of 3.5 kpc to I19024, based on its radial velocity. The bolometric flux is 7.3 × 10^(9-) ergs s^(-1) cm^(-2), and the luminosity 2850 L_☉. The relatively low luminosity of I19024, in comparison with stellar evolutionary models, indicates that the initial mass of its central star was ~1-1.5 M_☉. The lobes, which appear to be hollow structures with dense walls, have a total mass greater than or equal to about 0.02 M_☉. The dusty tori in the center have masses of a few times 10^(-3) M_☉. The faint halo has a power-law radial surface brightness profile with an exponent of about -3 and most likely represents the remnant spherical circumstellar envelope formed as a result of constant mass loss during the AGB phase over the past several thousand years. From the CO data we infer a molecular mass ≳ 0.025 M_☉ and an expansion age ≾ 2870 yr, giving a mass-loss rate ≳ 10^(-5) M_☉ yr^(-1). The far-infrared fluxes of I19024 indicate the presence of a large mass of cool dust in the nebula; from a simple model we infer the presence of "cool" (109 K) and "warm" (280 K) components of dust mass 5.7 × 10^(-4) and 1.5 × 10^(-7) M_☉. We discuss our results for I19024 in the light of past and current ideas for the dramatic transformation of the morphology and kinematics of mass-ejecta as AGB stars evolve into planetary nebulae.
Redefining the Miraculous: al-Ghazālī, Ibn Rushd and Said Nursi on Qur'anic Miracle Stories

Miracle stories in sacred texts have been a source of both fascination and heated debate across religious traditions. Qur'anic miracle stories are especially interesting because they are part of a discourse that also de-emphasises the miraculous. By looking at how three scholars have engaged with Qur'anic miracle stories, I here investigate how these narratives have been interpreted in diverse and fruitful ways. The first part of the article analyses how two medieval scholars, al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1111) and Ibn Rushd (d. 595/1198), engaged with the implications of miracle stories. Taking his cue from miracle stories, al-Ghazālī offered a sophisticated critique of natural determinism and suggested that the natural order should be perceived as a constantly renewed divine gift. In contrast, Ibn Rushd dismissed al-Ghazālī’s critique as sophistry and maintained that accepting the possibility that the natural order might be suspended was an affront to human knowledge and science. In the second part, I turn to Bed...
Psychotropic medication use in a population of children who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objective. Recent reports suggest a trend of increasing prevalence of psychotropic drug prescriptions among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, reasons for the increased use of such medications is unclear. The objectives of this study were to examine differences in nonstimulant psychotropic medication fills between children with and without identified ADHD and to assess associations with non-ADHD neurobehavioral disorders. Methods. A population-based retrospective matched cohort study was conducted of a large group model health maintenance organization located in western Washington State. Eligible patients were children who were ages 3 to 17 years and were continuously enrolled and used services from January 1 to December 31, 1997 (N = 57 216). Children with ADHD were identified by a diagnosis of ADHD or a pharmacy fill for a stimulant medication using automated patient files. Children without ADHD were randomly selected and matched 4:1 to children with ADHD on age and gender. Neurobehavioral disorders and pharmacy fills for psychotropic medications were measured. Results. During 1997, 2992 children were identified as having ADHD (5.2%). These children were more likely to have a diagnosis of a non-ADHD neurobehavioral disorders (adjusted odds ratio: 6.3; 95% confidence interval: 5.4–7.3) than children without ADHD. Although most (78%) were treated with stimulant medications, children who were identified as having ADHD were also more likely to receive pharmacy fills for nonstimulant medications than were children without ADHD. Nonstimulant medications were more often used along with stimulant medications and were frequently prescribed in association with ADHD after controlling for other disorders. Conclusions. Children who were identified as having ADHD were more likely to have a diagnosis of other neurobehavioral disorders and to receive nonstimulant psychotropic medications than were children without ADHD. Because many of these drugs have little or no empirical basis in the treatment of ADHD, the rationale for their use is less clear. Future research to examine the use, effectiveness, and safety of these medications alone and in combination in children with ADHD is urgently needed.
Spectroscopic investigation of Ginkgo biloba terpene trilactones and their interaction with amyloid peptide Aβ(25–35)

Abstract The beneficial effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in the “treatment” of dementia are attributed to its terpene trilactone (TTL) constituents. The interactions between TTLs and amyloid peptide are believed to be responsible in preventing the aggregation of peptide. These interactions have been investigated using infrared vibrational absorption (VA) and circular dichroism (VCD) spectra. Four TTLs, namely ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB), ginkgolide C (GC) and bilobalide (BB) and amyloid Aβ(25–35) peptide, as a model for the full length peptide, are used in this study. GA-monoether and GA-diether have also been synthesized and investigated to help understand the role of individual carbonyl groups in these interactions. The precipitation and solubility issues encountered with the mixture of ginkgolide + Aβ peptide for VA and VCD studies were overcome using binary ethanol–D2O solvent mixture. The experimental VA and VCD spectra of GA, GB, GC and BB, GA-monoether and GA-diether have been analyzed using the corresponding spectra predicted with density functional theory. The time-dependent experimental VA and VCD spectra of Aβ(25–35) peptide and the corresponding experimental spectra in the presence of TTLs indicated that the effect of the TTLs in modulating the aggregation of Aβ(25–35) peptide is relatively small. Such small effects might indicate the absence of a specific interaction between the TTLs and Aβ(25–35) peptide as a major force leading to the reduced aggregation of amyloid peptides. It is possible that the therapeutic effect of G. biloba extract does not originate from direct interactions between TTLs and the Aβ(25–35) peptide and is more complex.
Coevolution of head, neck, and tail domains of myosin heavy chains.

Abstract Myosins, a large family of actin-based motors, have one or two heavy chains with one or more light chains associated with each heavy chain. The heavy chains have a (generally) N-terminal head domain with an ATPase and actin-binding site, followed by a neck domain to which the light chains bind, and a C-terminal tail domain through which the heavy chains self-associate and/or bind the myosin to its cargo. Approximately 140 members of the myosin superfamily have been grouped into 17 classes based on the sequences of their head domains. I now show that a phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of the combined neck and tail domains groups 144 myosins, with a few exceptions, into the same 17 classes. For the nine myosin classes that have multiple members, phylogenetic trees based on the head domain or the combined neck/tail domains are either identical or very similar. For class II myosins, very similar phylogenetic trees are obtained for the head, neck, and tail domains of 47 heavy chains and for 29 essential light chains and 19 regulatory light chains. These data strongly suggest that the head, neck, and tail domains of all myosin heavy chains, and light chains at least of class II myosins, have coevolved and are likely to be functionally interdependent, consistent with biochemical evidence showing that regulated actin-dependent MgATPase activity of Dictyostelium myosin II requires isoform specific interactions between the heavy chain head and tail and light chains.
Surgical management of a patient with cleidocranial dysplasia: A case report

Cleidocranial dysplasia is associated with the formation of many supernumerary teeth which usually fail to erupt. In later life, cysts may form around the embedded teeth. The following report describes the management of such a case with a method which promotes satisfactory prosthodontic rehabilitation.
Group Writing: Student Perceptions of the Dynamics and Efficiency of Groups

Understanding student perceptions of group work should help educators prepare students to be effective group members in the classroom and at work. This study ascer tained student perceptions of their learning and achievement in group situations. The following correlations were determined: (a) There was a relationship between student grades and perceptions of the writing quality as well as perceptions of the amount learned about group processes; (b) there was no correlation between grades and student opinions of the quantity of work achieved, the type of person who hindered the group the most, and whether the student enjoyed the group work.
Mechanisms of Microtubule Disassembly in Vivo: Studies in Normal and Chronic Granulomatous Disease Leucocytes

Summary. Microtubule assembly in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes is a dynamic process that can be initiated by binding of the plant lectin Concanavalin A to surface receptors. Colchicine inhibits lectin-induced microtubule assembly and promotes the movement of Concanavalin A into surface caps. Inhibition of microtubule assembly and enhanced Concanavalin A cap formation also follow treatment of normal leucocytes with two specific glutathione-oxidizing agents, ‘diamide’ and tertiary butylhydroperoxide. Our objective here was to determine if microtubule inhibition is mediated via glutathione disulphide or via hydrogen peroxide that is generated in Concanavalin A-treated leucocytes and may accumulate when cells are depleted of reduced glutathione. We show that exogenous hydrogen peroxide induces Concanavalin A capping on normal polymorphonuclear leucocytes but only at concentrations that simultaneously oxidize glutathione. We also show that ‘diamide’ and tertiary butylhydroperoxide cause Concanavalin A cap formation in leucocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. These cells cannot generate significant amounts of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. Thus, it seems likely that the reversible inhibition of microtubule assembly and function caused by glutathione oxidants requires only increased glutathione disulphide and is not dependent on subsequent accumulation of other metabolites.
Comparison of the particle size distribution of heavy-duty diesel exhaust using a dilution tailpipe sampler and an in-plume sampler during on-road operation.

ABSTRACT Originally constructed to develop gaseous emission factors for heavy-duty diesel trucks, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) On-Road Diesel Emissions Characterization Facility has been modified to incorporate particle measurement instrumentation. An electrical low-pressure impactor designed to continuously measure and record size distribution data was used to monitor the particle size distribution of heavy-duty diesel truck exhaust. For this study, which involved a high-mileage (900,000 mi) truck running at full load, samples were collected by two different methods. One sample was obtained directly from the exhaust stack using an adaptation of the University of Minnesota's air-ejector-based mini-dilution sampler. The second sample was pulled from the plume just above the enclosed trailer, at a point ~11 m from the exhaust discharge. Typical dilution ratios of about 300:1 were obtained for both the dilution and plume sampling systems. Hundreds of particle size distributions were obtai...
Tourists’ perceptions of ethnic tourism in Lugu Lake, Yunnan, China

This paper examines tourists’ perceptions of ethnic tourism and satisfaction with their experiences based upon empirical research conducted in 2009 in Lugu Lake, Yunnan, China. The quest for romance and exoticism has inspired mass Han Chinese visits to the lake area. The tranquility of the lake and unique minority culture impress many urbanites and satisfy their nostalgia for the untouched, the simple, and the natural. Most tourists are satisfied with their overall experience and appreciate a packaged version of minority culture and tradition. However, a small number of visitors were disappointed about the commercial setting, inadequate tourist facilities, poor service, and limited tourism programs. Many tourists are concerned about cultural change and the loss of traditional customs. It is argued that maintaining authenticity and cultural integrity is essential for sustainable ethnic tourism development. Diverse and high-quality ethnic products should be developed to suit the different needs of the vario...
AUGIST: inferring species trees while accommodating gene tree uncertainty

Summary: AUGIST (accomodating uncertainty in genealogies while inferring species tress) is a new software package for inferring species trees while accommodating uncertainty in gene genealogies. It is written for the Mesquite software system and provides sampling procedures to incorporate uncertainty in gene tree reconstruction while providing confidence estimates for inferred species trees. Availability: http://www.lycaenid.org/augist/ Contact: ude.elay@revilo.yerffej
Inflammation in migraine pathogenesis: when, where, and how

Inflammation is one of the three mechanisms that are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of the migraine headache and for which there is clinical experimental evidence. The other two mechanisms for which such evidence exists are extracranial arterial vasodilation and decreased inhibition of central pain transmission. In so-called migraine with aura, the headache is preceded by transient focal neurological symptoms, generally referred to as aura symptoms. In the following, the pathogenesis of the migraine headache, as well as that of the migraine aura, will be discussed. The traditional (sequential) concept of the pathogenesis of the migraine attack will be reviewed and an alternative (parallel) concept presented. Finally, the mode of action of the specific abortive antimigraine medications, the triptans and ergots, will be discussed on the basis of available experimental evidence in man.
Optimizing Restaurant-Table Configurations: Specifying Combinable Tables

Excerpt] Having the right-size tables in a position to be combined with other tables to serve large parties can yield additional revenue at virtually no added cost. This article focuses on restaurants with walk-in customers (no reservations are taken), where a host or hostess seats the parties and where parties are seated separately. Restaurants of this kind are common in the United States (e.g., TGIF, Chili’s, Applebee’s). Specifically, this article examines the issue of which tables should be combinable with which other tables. “Combinability” is the ability to create a larger table from adjacent smaller tables. For example, combinability would allow two adjacent 4-top tables to be combined to seat parties of up eight people.’ In an earlier investigation I found that, in many cases, having tables dedicated to specific party sizes was preferable to having combinable tables.* The reason for this was that placing tables on hold, while waiting for customers to depart an adjacent table that can then be combined with the empty onhold table, imposes a non-productive idle time for the on-hold tables.
Improved convergence for output scaling of a feedforward network with linear output nodes

The author presents an augmentation to the gradient descent learning algorithm for a feedforward neural network to improve the convergence of learning a desired output having an absolute value magnitude greater than one. The enhancement to the standard backpropagation algorithms is simple to implement in existing code, computationally efficient, and reduces the number of training cycles. With these features, this algorithm saves time in training a network that requires output scaling. >
Evolution of the writer's role

This paper discusses how the organization of technical writers vis-a-vis programmers significantly influences the effectiveness of the writer as user advocate. A writer can be treated as a peer to developers, but only if the writer understands the technology they're writing about and helps to improve the product's ease-of-use. This can be achieved more easily in an environment where writers are more closely aligned organizationally with developers.
Effectiveness of resistance training or jumping-exercise to increase bone mineral density in men with low bone mass: A 12-month randomized, clinical trial.

Abstract Purpose To examine the effects of 12 mo of resistance training (RT, 2 ×/wk, N = 19) or jump training (JUMP, 3 ×/wk, N = 19) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTM) in physically active (≥ 4 h/wk) men (mean age: 44 ± 2 y; median: 44 y) with osteopenia of the hip or spine. Methods Participants rated pain and fatigue following each RT or JUMP session. All participants received supplemental calcium (1200 mg/d) and vitamin D (10 μg/d). BMD was measured at 0, 6, and 12 mo using DXA scans of the whole body (WB), total hip (TH) and lumbar spine (LS). BTM and 25 OHD were measured by ELISA. The effects of RT or JUMP on BMD and BTM were evaluated using 3x2 repeated measures ANOVA (time, group). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the University of Missouri IRB. Results At baseline, 36 of 38 participants were vitamin D sufficient (25OHD > 50 nmol/L); at 12 mo, all participants were 25OHD sufficient. 25OHD did not differ between groups. WB and LS BMD significantly increased after 6 months of RT or JUMP and this increase was maintained at 12 mo; TH BMD increased only in RT. Osteocalcin increased significantly after 12 mo of RT or JUMP; CTx decreased significantly after 6 mo and returned to baseline concentrations at 12 mo in both RT and JUMP. Pain and fatigue ratings after RT or JUMP sessions were very low at 0, 6, and 12 mo. Conclusion RT or JUMP, which appeared safe and feasible, increased BMD of the whole body and lumbar spine, while RT also increased hip BMD, in moderately active, osteopenic men.
Examining pain, body image, and depressive symptoms in patients with lymphedema secondary to breast cancer

Objective Depression and reduced quality of life are often reported in patients with upper-extremity lymphedema secondary to breast cancer treatment. Little is known about how pain and body image influence depression in patients with lymphedema. The current study examined the association of pain intensity and body integrity beliefs with depressive symptoms and the extent to which body image dissatisfaction mediated these associations. Methods A cross-sectional sample of patients with lymphedema secondary to breast cancer treatment completed self-report questionnaires of pain, body image, and depressive symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses and tests of mediation were conducted to examine the associations among the variables of interest. Results Pain intensity and body integrity beliefs were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Further, body image dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between pain and depressive symptoms, indicating that higher levels of pain led to higher states of body image dissatisfaction, which, in turn, led to greater depressive symptoms. Body image dissatisfaction also mediated the relationship between body integrity beliefs and depressive symptoms, suggesting that greater body integrity beliefs led to higher dissatisfaction with one's body and subsequently to greater depressive symptoms. Conclusions Our findings provide preliminary evidence that pain intensity and body image are important factors in understanding depressive symptoms in patients with lymphedema. Clinical implications include screening for pain and body image concerns in this population to identify patients who are in distress. Counseling interventions targeting body image dissatisfaction can also be potentially helpful for patients with lymphedema. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and roentgenographic evaluation of hydroxyapatite-augmented and nonaugmented porous total hip arthroplasty

Abstract Sixty osteoarthritic patients undergoing primary, uncemented total hip arthroplasty were matched for age and weight and randomized into one of four groups with respect to implant coating and postoperative, protected weight-bearing status: group 1, hydroxyapatite-augmented, 12 weeks; group 2, nonaugmented, 12 weeks; group 3, hydroxyapatite-augmented, 6 weeks; and group 4, nonaugmented, 6 weeks. Tantalum spheres were implanted periprosthetically into the femur at the time of the arthroplasty, thus providing constant references for stereoscopic radiographs. Patients were then evaluated over a 2-year period with clinical examination, plain radiography, and roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. Clinical evaluation using the Charnley scoring system showed no significant preoperative or postoperative intergroup differences, whereas visual analog testing noted less thigh pain with hydroxyapatite-augmented stems at the 12-week and 6-month follow-up evaluations. Plain radiographic analysis produced no significant differences, with no instability detected, and bony ingrowth was uniform in all groups. Stereographic evaluation showed migration in all groups, but there were no significant differences between the augmented and non-augmented stems or the 6-week and 12-week partial weight-bearing protocols. Charnley, plain radiographic, and stereogrammetric evaluations all suggest that migration is unaltered by enhanced surfaces and early, unprotected weight bearing does not jeopardize implant fixation regardless of coating design. The lower incidence of visual analog thigh pain with the hydroxyapatite-augmented stems, however, may be a reflection of bony ingrowth and, as such, add some validity to the theoretic advantages of enhanced surface prostheses.
X-Ray Studies of Near-Frictionless Carbon Films.

Carbon-based coatings exhibit many attractive properties that make them good candidates for a wide range of engineering applications. Tribological studies of the films have revealed a close correlation between the chemistry of the hydrocarbon source gases and the coefficients of friction and wear rates of the diamond-like carbon films. Those films grown in source gases with higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratios had much lower coefficients of friction and wear rates than did films derived from source gases with lower hydrogen-to-carbon ratios. The mechanism for this low friction is as yet not properly understood. Ongoing structural characterization of the films at Argonne National Laboratory is gradually revealing this mechanism. Recent studies have included x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and x-ray reflectivity (XRR). XPS showed ~10% oxygen at the surface, which was largely removed after a 1 minute sputter; NEXAFS showed a high sp2:sp3 ratio implying a highly graphitic material; and XRR has given a comprehensive depth profile, with three layers of increasing density as the substrate was approached. The paper discusses the results and correlation with previous friction measurements.
Extracting secret keys from integrated circuits

Modern cryptographic protocols are based on the premise that only authorized participants can obtain secret keys and access to information systems. However, various kinds of tampering methods have been devised to extract secret keys from conditional access systems such as smartcards and ATMs. Arbiter-based physical unclonable functions (PUFs) exploit the statistical delay variation of wires and transistors across integrated circuits (ICs) in manufacturing processes to build unclonable secret keys. We fabricated arbiter-based PUFs in custom silicon and investigated the identification capability, reliability, and security of this scheme. Experimental results and theoretical studies show that a sufficient amount of inter-chip variation exists to enable each IC to be identified securely and reliably over a practical range of environmental variations such as temperature and power supply voltage. We show that arbiter-based PUFs are realizable and well suited to build, for example, key-cards that need to be resistant to physical attacks.
Mesoscale and microscale evaluation of surface pavement impacts on the urban heat island effects

The global phenomenon of rapid urbanization is forcing the transition of native vegetation to man-made engineered surfaces resulting in the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The UHI can adversely imp...
A Checklist of Selected American Bar Association Endorsed Standard

This checklist compiles a list of standards endorsed by the American Bar Association (ABA) through the 1985 Annual Meeting. The dates that the standards were endorsed by the ABA House of Delegates, the sponsoring group who initially proposed the standards, amendments occurring after the initial passage date, and sources where copies of the standards may be found are included in the checklist. The checklist provides a starting point to those wishing to do further research in this area.
Efficacy of Intralesional 5-Fluorouracil and Triamcinolone in the Treatment of Keloids

Background Keloids are a common problem with significant recurrence rates despite intralesional steroid treatment and multimodal therapy. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/steroid mixture to treat keloids over the past 7 years, comparing the results with use of steroid treatment alone. Methods Patient charts from 1999 to 2006 were reviewed. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: (1) 5-FU/steroid without excision; (2) 5-FU/steroid with excision; and (3) steroid treatment with excision. The percentage of lesion size reduction and symptoms were evaluated. Results A total of 102 keloids were identified in a retrospective review. Patients who underwent the 5-FU/steroid combination with excision had a 92% average reduction in lesion size compared with 73% in the group of patients who did not receive 5-FU. Patients who received 5-FU/steroid without excision had an average lesion size reduction of 81%. Differences in complication rates were not statistically significant. Conclusions Combination 5-FU/triamcinolone is superior to intralesional steroid therapy in the treatment of keloids.