cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Challenge of Understanding the Mental Health of African Americans: The Risks and Rewards of Segregation, Support, and John Henryism

The educational, employment, and financial status of African Americans differs from that of other US race/ethnic groups, particularly White Americans. For example, in July 2006, it was estimated that 23.8 million Americans aged between 18 and 64 years, or 12.6% of the total US population, were African American. Of the African American noninstitutionalized, civilian population, 11.3 million (47.5%) were male, and 12.5 million (52.5%) were female (US Census Bureau 2006d). According to the 2004 Current Population Survey, the majority of African American adults (54%) reside in the South. In 2006, 8.2 million African American adults aged 18–64 years (36.1%) earned a high school diploma, while 2.7 million (11.9%) earned a bachelor’s degree compared to 30.3 and 20.4% of non-Hispanic White Americans who earned a high school diploma or bachelor’s degree, respectively (US Census Bureau 2006b). The average African-American family median income in 2006 was US$ 32,372 in comparison to US$ 52,375 for non-Hispanic White families (US Census Bureau 2006a). In 2006, the US Census Bureau reported that 25.3% of African Americans were living at or below the poverty level, compared to 9.3% for White Americans. Forty-eight percent of African Americans owned their own home, while over three-quarters of White Americans were homeowners in 2006 (US Census Bureau 2006c). As of July 2007, the unemployment rate for African Americans (8%) was twice that of White Americans (4%) (Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics Survey 2007). One-third (33%) of African-American adults aged 19–64 years were uninsured or experiencing a gap in coverage during 2005 compared to 20% for their White American counterparts(Doty and Holmgren 2006). It is not difficult to conclude that many of the benefits derived from improved socioeconomic standing vary by racial group membership (Conley 1999; Krieger et al. 1997; Oliver and Shapiro 1995; Shapiro 2004; Williams and Collins 1995).
SBRT for early-stage glottic larynx cancer-Initial clinical outcomes from a phase I clinical trial.

Purpose To confirm safety and feasibility of hypofractionated SBRT for early-stage glottic laryngeal cancer. Methods Twenty consecutive patients with cTis-T2N0M0 carcinoma of glottic larynx were enrolled. Patients entered dose-fractionation cohorts of incrementally shorter bio-equivalent schedules starting with 50 Gy in 15 fractions (fx), followed by 45 Gy/10 fx and, finally, 42.5 Gy/5 fx. Maximum combined CTV-PTV expansion was limited to 5 mm. Patients were treated on a Model G5 Cyberknife (Accuray, Sunnyvale, CA). Results Median follow-up is 13.4 months (range: 5.6–24.6 months), with 12 patients followed for at least one year. Maximum acute toxicity consisted of grade 2 hoarseness and dysphagia. Maximum chronic toxicity was seen in one patient treated with 45 Gy/10 fx who continued to smoke >1 pack/day and ultimately required protective tracheostomy. At 1-year follow-up, estimated local disease free survival for the full cohort was 82%. Overall survival is 100% at last follow-up. Conclusions We were able to reduce equipotent total fractions of SBRT from 15 to 5 without exceeding protocol-defined acute/subacute toxicity limits. With limited follow-up, disease control appears comparable to standard treatment. We continue to enroll to the 42.5 Gy/5 fx cohort and follow patients for late toxicity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01984502
Developing Interprofessional Community in Collaborative Settings: Understanding and Refining the Lawyer’s Role

Law is now infused into every aspect of our lives, making the input of lawyers often a necessity. Whether in business, social service, educational or nonprofit settings, the legal perspective may be necessary to understand the legal dimensions of an issue, to maneuver the web of government regulation that may apply, or to avoid claims by or against others that may arise. The converse is also true; lawyers increasingly need non-legal perspectives to resolve issues that arise in a legal setting. Eviction is not just a legal problem, but often requires an array of social services to keep a family intact in a home. Divorce has implications beyond the severing of a legal relationship. Some suggest that this contextualization of practice is a return to an earlier style of lawyering (Kerper, 1998). Whether an old or new movement, lawyers in the 1990s increasingly recognize that problems are not just “legal” or “political” or “social” or “personal,” but are the result of a range of forces that require a range of responses. As a result of this interdependency, lawyers and nonlawyers increasingly share the work of resolving issues with legal dimensions.
Ohio's Lake Erie Charter Fishing Industry: 1985–1994

Abstract This article presents new data on the characteristics and business operations of Ohio's Lake Erie charter fishing industry. To monitor changes in the industry, I surveyed a random sample of 315 licensed Ohio charter captains by mail in October and November 1994. The number of Ohio charter captains, reacting to changing Lake Erie environmental and business conditions, grew rapidly in the 1980s, peaking at 1,211 captains in 1990. Concerns of charter captains have changed throughout the years. In 1994, charter market demand and business cost factors were the top concerns. Ohio captains remaining in the industry in 1994 have improved their cash flow and economic viability. Increases in operating costs have been offset by increased revenues and reduced capital costs, the latter caused partially because captains have kept their boats longer. In 1994, only those captains making 41 or more trips had economically viable enterprises that more than offset the costs of owning a pleasure boat. This is an impr...
Future Directions in Dendritic Cell Research in Cancer

Dendritic cells play a critical role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunities. Tumors can exploit the biology of these cells to both evade immunity and facilitate their growth. Although much has been learnt about the biology of these cells, much more remains to be discovered. It is likely that several aspects of the host immune response to tumor cells are conditioned by the interactions of dendritic cells and tumor cells. Dendritic cells may also have non-immune effects on the biology and growth of tumor cells. Improved understanding of how tumor cells interact with dendritic cells therefore has implications for both cancer biology and immunity to tumors.
The ecological consequences of environmentally induced phenotypic changes

Population dynamics and species persistence are often mediated by species traits. Yet many important traits, like body size, can be set by resource availability and predation risk. Environmentally induced changes in resource levels or predation risk may thus have downstream ecological consequences. Here, we assess whether quantity and type of resources affect the phenotype, the population dynamics, and the susceptibility to predation of a mixotrophic protist through experiments and a model. We show that cell shape, but not size, changes with resource levels and type, and is linked to carrying capacity, thus affecting population dynamics. Also, these changes lead to differential susceptibility to predation, with direct consequences for predator-prey dynamics. We describe important links between environmental changes, traits, population dynamics and ecological interactions, that underscore the need to further understand how trait-mediated interactions may respond to environmental shifts in resource levels in an increasingly changing world.
Weight loss and mortality in adults

Source Citation Pamuk ER, Williamson DF, Serdula MK, Madans J, Byers TE. Weight loss and subsequent death in a cohort of U.S. adults. Ann Intern Med. 1993 Oct 1;119(7 pt 2):744-8.
Educating for political activism and subversion: the role of public educators in a Trumpian age

In this manuscript, I examine the new Trump administration and its US policy agenda. In particular, I am concerned with the administration’s embrace of unilateralism, imperialism and authoritariani...
Technology in your practice. Small-practice EMRs

For many physicians, the paperless, fully computerized office is a dream that always seems 2 or 3 years away. However, despite multiple standards, incompatible software, and fly-by-night vendors, physicians in small practices are increasingly investing in electronic medical record (EMR) systems. Often physicians have no choice but to adopt an EMR if they want to be competitive in the marketplace. However, blindly investing $5000 to $15,000 in a system that doesn't fit the practice can result in financial ruin. This article explores some of the major factors that you should consider when evaluating an EMR for your small practice.
Autophagy and disease

As outlined in the accompanying Minireviews, autophagy is a complicated and highly regulated process that delivers cellular material to lysosomes for degrading, recycling, and generating molecules that fuel cellular metabolism. Autophagy is important for normal cellular and organismal physiology, and both increased and decreased autophagy has been associated with disease. Importantly, these connections are already being exploited to treat patients with dozens of clinical trials that aim to manipulate autophagy to treat (or prevent) disease. This Minireview discusses some of the important issues and problems to be solved if these efforts are to be successful.
Surgical Management of Idiopathic Constipation in Pediatric Patients

Constipation is a common childhood problem, but an anatomic or physiologic cause is identified in fewer than 5% of children. By definition, idiopathic constipation is a diagnosis of exclusion. Careful clinical evaluation and thoughtful use of imaging and other testing can help exclude specific causes of constipation and guide therapy. Medical management with laxatives is effective for the majority of constipated children. For those patients unresponsive to medications, however, several surgical options can be employed, including anal procedures, antegrade colonic enemas, colorectal resection, and intestinal diversion. Judicious use of these procedures in properly selected patients and based on appropriate preoperative testing can lead to excellent outcomes. This review summarizes the surgical options available for managing refractory constipation in children and provides guidance on how to choose the best procedure for a given patient.
A Spectral Analysis of Feedback Regulation Near and Beyond Nyquist Frequency

A fundamental challenge in sampled-data control arises when a continuous-time plant is subject to disturbances that possess significant frequency components beyond the Nyquist frequency of the feedback sensor. Such intrinsic difficulties create formidable barriers for fast high-performance controls in modern and emerging technologies such as additive manufacturing and vision servo, where the update speed of sensors is low compared with the dynamics of the plant. This paper analyzes spectral properties of closed-loop signals under such scenarios, with a focus on mechatronic systems. We propose a spectral analysis method that provides new understanding of the time- and frequency-domain sampled-data performance. Along the course of uncovering spectral details in such beyond-Nyquist controls, we also report a fundamental understanding on the infeasibility of single-rate high-gain feedback to reject disturbances not only beyond but also below the Nyquist frequency. New metrics and tools are then proposed to systematically quantify the limit of performance. Validation and practical implications of the limitations are provided with experimental case studies performed on a precision mirror galvanometer platform for laser scanning.
Comprehensive comparative analysis of cost-effectiveness and perioperative outcomes between open, laparoscopic, and robotic distal pancreatectomy

Abstract Background NSQIP data show that half of distal pancreatectomies (DP) are performed by a minimally invasive approach (MIS). Advantages have been demonstrated for MIS DP, yet comparative cost data are limited. Outcomes and cost were compared in patients undergoing open (ODP), laparoscopic (LDP), and robotic (RDP) approaches at a single institution. Methods A retrospective review was performed on patients undergoing DP between 1/2010-5/2016. Analysis was intention-to-treat, and cost was available after 1/2013. Results DP was performed in 374 patients: ODP = 85, LDP = 93, and RDP = 196. Operating time was lowest in the RDP cohort (p Conclusions A robotic approach is associated with reduced length of stay and cost compared to open and laparoscopic procedures.
Mapping of lysosomal targeting determinants of cathepsin D.

The precursors of soluble mammalian lysosomal hydrolases are sorted from other, secretory glycoproteins as they exit the golgi apparatus, by virtue of binding to the mannose 6-phosphate glycoprotein receptor. This recycling receptor is responsible for the delivery to the lysosome of precursors carrying mannose 6-phosphate tags. It remains unclear how the cell distinguishes between lysosomally and non-lysosomally destined proteins, such that only the former are efficiently phosphorylated at the 6 position of mannose residues on their oligosaccharide side chains. Current evidence suggests that this discrimination is based on recognition of a stable domain in the folded structure of the lysosomal precursors and not of a primary sequence signal (Kornfeld, 1987). Cathepsin D is the only member of the aspartic protease gene family known to be lysosomal. Most of the other lysosomal cathepsins are thiol proteases. Cathepsin D shows a high degree of sequence identity to other aspartic proteases (Faust et al., 1985) and was therefore expected to have a 3-dimensional structure similar to that of pepsin, for which high resolution structures have been described. Thus, cathepsin D is a model of choice for identifying those residues which form the recognition domain necessary for phosphorylation and lysosomal targeting. To aid in prediction of the recognition domain, models of human, porcine and bovine cathepsins D were generated. Potentially important residues on cathepsin D were identified by comparison of the cathepsin D models to other aspartic protease structures. Residues conserved among the cathepsins D but not between them and renin and pepsin were changed by site-directed mutagenesis and the corresponding proteins expressed. The mutated cathepsins D were tested for the presence of phosphorylated mannose residues.
Quincke, Heinrich Irenäus

The diagnostic and therapeutic lumbar puncture was first reported by Heinrich Quincke (1842–1922) in 1891. Quincke also contributed to the understanding and treatment of other neurological disorders including meningitis, hydrocephalus, and cerebral palsy.
"Quality, Close to Home" and Invisible Zero-Sum Politics: Boston's Home-Based Student Assignment Policy.

AbstractIn 2013, the Boston Public Schools (BPS) adopted the Home-Based Student Assignment Policy (HBSAP), which replaced elementary and middle-school choice within three large geographic zones with an algorithm that generates a choice basket of schools for each address based on proximity to the student’s home and a guarantee that all baskets will include at least four schools in the top two state test-score quartiles of BPS. Adoption of HBSAP broke a long political stalemate. BPS invited broad public participation in the process but also shaped the agenda to favor what middle-class neighborhood participants wanted. The process obscured the zero-sum politics of student assignment by permitting current students and their younger siblings to continue in their schools after adoption of HBSAP and because the algorithm does not produce winners and losers as obviously as geographically defined student assignment policies do. BPS has not produced a comprehensive evaluation of HBSAP’s effects, but early evidence ...
Special Considerations in Pediatric Transplant Patients

Given unique considerations and complexities associated with pediatric transplantation, the following chapter outlines aspects that clinicians should take into account with regard to pediatric solid organ transplantation. The role of dynamically changing developmental stages and the necessity to approach the entire family unit as the patient, given the role that caregivers play in pediatric patients’ lives, are key differences that are to be attended to when caring for a pediatric transplant patient. This chapter outlines pediatric considerations for the pre-transplant medical and psychosocial evaluation, the selection and listing process, the wait list process, and medical and psychosocial outcomes. Unique aspects include countertransference issues, the prevalence of nonadherence, and transitioning to adult-centered care, which will be reviewed. This chapter attempts to highlight key differences or areas that are most impacted by the developmental nature of pediatric transplantation.
A Call for Emotional Intelligence Skills Training Curricula at Christian Colleges

AbstractAlthough emotional intelligence is an increasingly popular research topic regarding academic success, only one study regarding the topic has been conducted among Christian higher education student bodies. The Bible does not mention the term emotional intelligence; however, there are many biblical accounts of negative behaviors as a result of people succumbing to their emotions. Skills training, in the context of Christian colleges, would teach students how to commit emotional health to the will of God, how to process emotions and would provide life skills that will assist with the decision-making process.
Collecting Unused Medical Supplies in Emergency Departments for Responsible Redistribution.

Abstract Background Medical supplies and equipment are unevenly distributed throughout the world. Objective Our aim was to describe, quantify, and monetize unused supplies suitable for recovery produced from two urban emergency departments (EDs). Methods We trained ED staff to place opened, unused, uncontaminated medical supplies in strategically located bins located in two urban EDs for 30 days. We sorted and quantified collected supplies, then used hospital-specific supply catalogs to determine the total cost of recovered medical supplies during the 30-day study period. We extrapolated the amount of collected medical supplies and associated costs to yearly estimates. Results We recovered 39.9 kg ($6,096) from the trauma center and 3.4 kg ($539) from the academic center during the 30-day study period. The most commonly collected supplies included open but unused procedure kits ($1,776), catheter needles ($1,009), and sutures ($698). We estimated that the trauma center produces $73,158 of unused medical supplies per year and the academic center produces $6,467 of unused medical supplies per year. Conclusions We present a novel approach to decreasing waste and recovering usable medical supplies, in which we found that substantial, valuable medical supplies can be recovered in two urban EDs.
The role of parental citizenship status on depression of U.S. citizen children

The purpose of this study was to determine how parental citizenship status played a role in the depression scores of Hispanic/Latinx children in the sample. Eight-hundred thirty-five participants f...
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN T-WAVE HETEROGENEITY IN RESTING 12-LEAD EKGS AND TROPONIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS EVALUATED FOR ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Standard resting 12-lead EKGs obtained on admission to the emergency department (ED) are of limited value in diagnosing non-STE-ACS. We examined whether interlead T-wave heterogeneity (TWH), a quantitative measure that detects subtle repolarization abnormalities, could anticipate changes in troponin
Do Non -Tariff Measures Make Domestic Firms More Profitable? Evidence from the Commercial Banking Sector

Using firm level data for a sample of 78 country markets in 2012, this paper analyzes the relationship between the severity of non-tariff measures related to the entry and operation of foreign firms and firm profitability in the commercial banking sector, and differentiates the impact of these non-tariff measures on foreign-owned and domestic firms. Overall, there is a non-linear relationship between the level of restrictions and the profitability of firms. Banks in countries with low levels of restriction are significantly more profitable than banks in countries with no restrictions, while banks in countries with moderate levels of restriction are less profitable than banks in countries with no restrictions. Additionally, foreign owned firms are significantly more profitable than domestic firms when there are no restrictions on the entry and operation of foreign firms, but less profitable than domestically owned firms at both low and moderate levels of restriction.
Association of fasting glucose with lifetime risk of incident heart failure: the Lifetime Risk Pooling Project.

Given the rising prevalence of dysglycemia and disparities in heart failure (HF) burden, we determined race- and sex-specific lifetime risk of HF across the spectrum of fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Individual-level data from adults without baseline HF was pooled from 6 population-based cohorts. Modified Kaplan–Meier analysis, Cox models adjusted for the competing risk of death, and Irwin’s restricted mean were used to estimate the lifetime risk, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), and years lived free from HF in middle-aged (40–59 years) and older (60–79 years) adults with FPG < 100 mg/dL, prediabetes (FPG 100–125 mg/dL) and diabetes (FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL or on antihyperglycemic agents) across race-sex groups. In 40,117 participants with 638,910 person-years of follow-up, 4846 cases of incident HF occurred. The lifetime risk of HF was significantly higher among middle-aged White adults and Black women with prediabetes (range: 6.1% [95% CI 4.8%, 7.4%] to 10.8% [95% CI 8.3%, 13.4%]) compared with normoglycemic adults (range: 3.5% [95% CI 3.0%, 4.1%] to 6.5% [95% CI 4.9%, 8.1%]). Middle-aged Black women with diabetes had the highest lifetime risk (32.4% [95% CI 26.0%, 38.7%]) and aHR (4.0 [95% CI 3.0, 5.4]) for HF across race-sex groups. Middle-aged adults with prediabetes and diabetes lived on average 0.9–1.6 and 4.1–6.0 fewer years free from HF, respectively. Findings were similar in older adults except older Black women with prediabetes did not have a higher lifetime risk of HF. Prediabetes was associated with higher lifetime risk of HF in middle-aged White adults and Black women, with the association attenuating in older Black women. Black women with diabetes had the highest lifetime risk of HF compared with other race-sex groups.
A Half bridge type with series devices Modular Multilevel Converters

This paper introduces a new MMC topology, in which each phase leg consists of four arms. Two of the arms consists of cascaded connected submodules and are just like single phase leg in traditional MMC topology. Another two arms are formed by series switches such as high voltage IGBT, which are only activated when the ac voltage changes polarity. And then three phase legs are series connected in vertical direction to support the DC bus voltage. The major advantage of proposed topology are as follows: (1) The total number of required submodules are reduced to 1/3 compared with traditional MMC topology. (2) The energy ripple in each arm is calculated to be smaller than the traditional 3-phase MMC. Therefore, the total capacitor size can be reduced. A detailed 20 MW simulation has been conducted and the related results of proposed topology have been presented. What’s more, The SM prototype and preliminary experiments are also demonstrated and analyzed.
Two-hit mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias in diabetic hyperglycemia: reduced repolarization reserve, neurohormonal stimulation and heart failure exacerbate susceptibility.

Aim Diabetic hyperglycemia is associated with increased arrhythmia risk. We aimed to investigate whether hyperglycemia alone can be accountable for arrhythmias or whether it requires the presence of additional pathological factors. Methods and results Action potentials (APs) and arrhythmogenic spontaneous diastolic activities were measured in isolated murine ventricular, rabbit atrial and ventricular myocytes acutely exposed to high glucose. Acute hyperglycemia increased the short-term variability (STV) of action potential duration (APD), enhanced delayed afterdepolarizations and the inducibility of APD alternans during tachypacing in both murine and rabbit atrial and ventricular myocytes. Hyperglycemia also prolonged APD in mice and rabbit atrial cells but not in rabbit ventricular myocytes. However, rabbit ventricular APD was more strongly depressed by block of late Na+ current (INaL) during hyperglycemia, consistent with elevated INaL in hyperglycemia. All the above proarrhythmic glucose effects were Ca2+-dependent and abolished by CaMKII inhibition. Importantly, when the repolarization reserve was reduced by pharmacological inhibition of K+ channels (either Ito, IKr, IKs or IK1) or hypokalemia, acute hyperglycemia further prolonged APD and further increased STV and alternans in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Likewise, when rabbit ventricular myocytes were pretreated with isoproterenol or angiotensin II, hyperglycemia significantly prolonged APD, increased STV and promoted alternans. Moreover, acute hyperglycemia markedly prolonged APD and further enhanced STV in failing rabbit ventricular myocytes. Conclusion We conclude that even though hyperglycemia alone can enhance cellular proarrhythmic mechanisms, a second hit which reduces the repolarization reserve or stimulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling greatly exacerbates cardiac arrhythmogenesis in diabetic hyperglycemia.
Chicago 2016 Olympic Bid and Opposition

Chicago’s bid for the 2016 summer Olympics began in 2006 and ended in 2009 when it was defeated in the first round of voting by the IOC. The city’s Olympic bid had the support of the mayor and downtown business leaders and appeared to provide an opportunity for redeveloping parts of the downtown core in a manner fitting with the city’s neoliberal development trajectory. Yet, the Olympic bid also generated opposition, most notably from a coalition of community activists calling itself No Games Chicago. The efforts of this opposition group helped to raise concerns about the Chicago bid in the international competition and establish a new model for effective opposition to Olympic driven development.
Emergency General Surgery Procedures and Cost of Care for Older Adults in the State of Maryland.

BACKGROUND Older adults (OAs) ≥ 65 years of age, representing the fastest growing segment in the United States, are anticipated to require a greater percentage of emergency general surgery procedures (EGSPs) with an associated increase in health care costs. The aims of this study were to identify the frequency of EGSP and charges incurred by OA compared to their younger counterparts in the state of Maryland. METHODS A retrospective review of the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission from 2009 to 2018 was undertaken. Patients undergoing urgent or emergent ESGP were divided into 2 groups (18-64 years and ≥65 years). Data collected included demographics, APR-severity of illness (SOI), APR-risk of mortality (ROM), the EGSP (partial colectomy [PC], small bowel resection [SBR], cholecystectomy, operative management of peptic ulcer disease, lysis of adhesions, appendectomy, and laparotomy), length of stay (LOS), and hospital charges. P-values (P < .05) were significant. RESULTS Of the 181,283 patients included in the study, 55,401 (38.1%) were ≥65 years of age. Older adults presented with greater APR-SOI (major 37.7% vs 21.3%, extreme 5.2% vs 9.3%), greater APR-ROM (major 25.3% vs 8.7%, extreme 22.3% vs 5.3%), underwent PC (24.5% vs 10.9%) and SBR (12.8% vs 7.0%) more frequently, and incurred significantly higher median hospital charges for every EGSP, consistently between 2009 and 2018 due to increased LOS and complications when compared to those ≤65 years of age. CONCLUSION These findings stress the need for validated frailty indices and quality improvement initiatives focused on the care of OAs in emergency general surgery to maximize outcomes and optimize cost.
The Heart of Power

IT IS ALWAYS HOT in the dictatorship. But neither the Leader nor the people find the heat oppressive, and on this as on all other matters they are of one mind. The heat is accepted as a constant; it was there at the time of the imperialists and before then during the lost centuries of torpor and division and farther back in the great age of kings and glory. Every day the sun rises and pours down, relentlessly, like lava from the sky. The unity of the Leader and the people is manifested everywhere: in the proclamations of the people's committees; in innumerable radio broadcasts and newspaper articles; in the pictures of the Leader's face that are posted all over the city?on the whitewashed walls of the government buildings, on the sides of buses grinding slowly down the main avenues, on the tin shanties of the poor that have proliferated on the outskirts of the city and which now surround the Presidential Pal ace in a warm embrace. The people are witness to the Leader's love for them; it is evident in all his acts?in the literacy program, the health clinics serving the peasants, the new hydroelectric project. The love of the Leader is es sential to the people, for their greatest wish is not to be despised, and it is very difficult to achieve this desire. This is what the struggle is about, although it is phrased in other terms: building socialism, mak ing revolution, becoming developed. And there is the great proof that the Leader loves them: he does not despise them. How could he??he is one of them, the son of a peasant, a junior officer in the army, then a member of the People's Committee of Officers, then head of the People's Committee, finally President for Life of the People's Repub lic. What has he in common with the former dictator, with his foreign degree and foreign ways and foreign friends? The Leader claims that his predecessor was a tool of the foreign imperialists, and the people accept this charge as possibly true; but what they really think is that the former dictator was foreign in his views, which is to say that deep down he despised them too. So the gist of his program was to modern
Risk and outcome of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among classical Hodgkin lymphoma survivors.

BACKGROUND Survivors of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) are at an increased risk of developing secondary non-Hodgkin lymphomas (sNHLs). To the authors' knowledge, the outcome of patients with sNHL compared with their de novo counterparts (dnNHL) is unknown. METHODS Data from 26,826 cases of HL from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program that were diagnosed between 1992 and 2009 were used to obtain the risk of further development of different subtypes of sNHL. The survival of patients with sNHL was compared with that of matched patients with dnNHL. RESULTS The estimated cumulative incidence of sNHL was 2.50% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.10-2.89) at 15 years from the diagnosis of cHL. The standardized incidence ratio was 10.5 (95% CI, 8.9-12.4) for aggressive B-cell NHL, 4.0 (95% CI, 3.1-5.1) for indolent B-cell NHL, and 14.6 (95% CI, 10.3-20.1) for T-cell NHL. Patients with indolent B-cell sNHL had a worse overall survival compared with their dnNHL counterparts (hazards ratio [HR] of death, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.7). Survival was not significantly different between patients with sNHL and those with dnNHL with regard to aggressive B-cell NHL (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.6-2.7) or T-cell NHL (HR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.3-1.8). CONCLUSIONS The risk of developing sNHL after cHL is substantial. Although patients with indolent B-cell sNHL have inferior survival, patients with aggressive B-cell sNHL and T-cell sNHL have survival comparable to that of their de novo counterparts. Cancer 2013;119:3385–92. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Phased NIF start-up

We describe a phased start-up plan for the 192-beam line National Ignition Facility, that supports a gradual transition of the present ICF program, based upon the 10 beam Nova laser system to a NIP based ICF program, with all 24 bundles being available for operation in FY04. This plan is based upon a bundle-by-bundle completion of integrated operational test procedures and hand-over to the program for experiments. The early execution of the start-up of one bundle not only provides experimental capability two years before completion of the NIF Project, but its experience will be essential to complete this transition plan in a timely and cost effective way.
Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems

Wireless distributed microsensor systems will enable the reliable monitoring and control of a variety of applications that range from medical and home security to machine diagnosis, chemical/biological detection and other military applications. The sensors have to be designed in a highly integrated fashion, optimizing across all levels of system abstraction, with the goal of minimizing energy dissipation. This paper addresses some of the key design considerations for future microsensor systems including the network protocols required for collaborative sensing and information distribution, system partitioning considering computation and communication costs, low energy electronics, power system design and energy harvesting techniques.
Primate spinal interneurons: muscle fields and response properties during voluntary movement.

Publisher Summary The current view of the functions of spinal interneurons in generating voluntary movements is based on inferences from observations in anesthetized, immobilized animals. Previous studies have elucidated the convergent inputs to interneurons from afferent fibers and descending tracts. Yet, little is known about two crucial properties that are essential to understanding the functions of segmental neurons in movements: their activity patterns during normal voluntary limb movements and their output effects on the agonist muscles. These two properties together provide significant information about how the activity of spinal neurons contributes to muscle activity. Similar studies have elucidated the response patterns and the output effects of supraspinal premotor (PreM) neurons in the motor cortex and red nucleus and dorsal root afferent fibers. This chapter summarizes the results of comparable experiments with interneurons in the cervical spinal cord and describes the properties of primate segmental inter-neurons during a similar step-tracking task. Information on the discharge pattern and postspike effects of inter-neurons enables contrasting the relative contributions of supraspinal and segmental PreM neurons to voluntary muscle activity.
KEYNOTE ADDRESS: The Politics of the Millennial Generation

Let me say thank you for that kind introduction, John. And also if I may take this opportunity to thank McGraw-Hill, who has sponsored my trip here, especially Gregg Moore, my publisher’s representative, who is here today and has been indispensable in arranging my visit. So thank you Gregg.
Nitric oxide synthase regulatory sites. Phosphorylation by cyclic AMP- dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium/calmodulin protein kinase; Identification of flavin and calmodulin binding sites

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecular messenger accounting for endothelial-derived relaxing activity in blood vessels, mediating cytotoxic actions of macrophages, and functioning as a neurotransmitter in the brain and periphery. NO synthase (NOS) from brain has been purified to homogeneity and molecularly cloned. We now report that NOS is stoichiometrically phosphorylated by cAMP dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, with each kinase phosphorylating a different serine site on NOS. Activation of PKC in transfected cells reduces NOS enzyme activity by approximately 77% in intact cells and by 50% in protein homogenates from these cells. Utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy we find that purified monomer NOS contains 1 molar equivalent of both FMN and FAD. This stoichiometry is supported by enzymatic digestion of the flavins with phosphodiesterase, and titration of the FMN with a specific FMN binding protein. We demonstrate that purified NOS is labeled by a photoaffinity derivative of calmodulin. These recognition sites on NOS provide multiple means for regulation of NO levels and "cross-talk" between second messenger systems.
Direct atmospheric evidence for the irreversible formation of aqueous secondary organic aerosol

The reversible nature of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation was characterized for the first time through direct atmospheric measurements. Water-soluble organic carbon in the gas and particle phases (WSOCg and WSOCp) was measured simultaneously to quantify aqSOA formation in Baltimore, Maryland. During the nighttime, aqSOA formation was evident as WSOCg increasingly partitioned to the particle phase with increasing relative humidity (RH). To characterize the reversible/irreversible nature of this aqSOA, the WSOCp measurement was alternated through an unperturbed ambient channel and through a “dried” channel maintained at ~40% RH (with 7 s residence time) to mimic the natural drying particles undergo throughout the day. Across the entire RH range encountered, there was no statistically significant difference in WSOCp concentrations through the dry and ambient channels, indicating that the aqSOA remained in the condensed phase upon the evaporation of aerosol water. This strongly suggests that the observed aqSOA was formed irreversibly.
The XYY condition in childhood: clinical observation.

R. F. Daly, et al. recently suggested some features that may be associated with the condition named above. I wish to present a case that does not support this association. MW, a 10-year, 1-month-old Negro boy, is the product of a term, normal, first pregnancy. He was born to a 21-year-old mother and a + 30-year-old father. Birth weight was 6 lb, 15½ ozs; length was not recorded. Both parents are about 5 ft, 5 in.
BEYOND ADOLESCENCE‐LIMITED CRIMINOLOGY: CHOOSING OUR FUTURE—THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY 2010 SUTHERLAND ADDRESS*

For over a half century, criminology has been dominated by a paradigm—adolescence-limited criminology (ALC)—that has privileged the use of self-report surveys of adolescents to test sociological theories of criminal behavior and has embraced the view that “nothing works” to control crime. Although ALC has created knowledge, opposed injustice, and advanced scholars’ careers, it has outlived its utility. The time has come for criminologists to choose a different future. Thus, a new paradigm is needed that is rooted in life-course criminology, brings criminologists closer to offenders and to the crime event, prioritizes the organization of knowledge, and produces scientific knowledge that is capable of improving offenders’ lives and reducing crime.
So, You Want to Be an Adjunct Professor?: The Processes, Perils, and Potential

The American Bar Association’s “50 Simple Ways to Market Your Practice” includes as No. 43 “do adjunct professor work.” In addition, law school economics and restructurings are creating new opportunities for adjunct professor work. If you are intrigued by the possibility of adjunct teaching, now may be just the time to explore such an opportunity with a law school.Law students routinely report high interest and satisfaction with courses taught by practicing attorneys. Yet these successful teaching experiences don’t just happen! There are a number of things to consider before sending your resume to the Dean of your local law school. This article describes best practices to help ensure a successful outcome for an attorney interested in adjunct professor work. Incorporating the best practices in this article into your adjunct teaching will create the learning environment students are seeking, enhance your teaching experience, and leverage this networking and career development opportunity. A decision tree/flow chart is included as an Appendix to the article to assist in determining whether to “do adjunct professor work.”
The Fits Experience: Lessons Learned

The history of the Flexible Image Transport System [FITS] is reviewed, with emphasis on the nature of the negotiation process and on the need for continued evolution. Lessons-learned are reviewed because they are potentially applicable to other standardization problems.
Development of Olaparib for BRCA-Deficient Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

The FDA approval of the PARP inhibitor olaparib for fourth-line therapy of germline BRCA1/2-mutated ovarian cancer represents the first registered indication for this class of drugs in any disease. PARP is a family of proteins involved in the repair of single-strand DNA breaks. High-grade serous ovarian carcinomas with BRCA deficiencies may be particularly vulnerable to both direct and indirect effects of PARP inhibition. This phenotype frequently arises as a consequence of defects in the repair of damaged DNA, rendering cancer cells susceptible to DNA-damaging platinum compounds and targeted therapies affecting homologous recombination repair (HRR). When cells already deficient in HRR are exposed to PARP inhibitors, apoptosis occurs by way of synthetic lethality. In this review, we trace the clinical development of olaparib for women with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma harboring germline BRCA mutations, a biomarker for HRR deficiency present in 15% to 20% of cases. Clinical trials highlighted include not only those pivotal studies that have led to regulatory approval in the United States and in Europe, but also those in which olaparib was studied in novel combinations, including chemotherapy and antiangiogenesis agents.
Ribosomopathies: how a common root can cause a tree of pathologies

Defects in ribosome biogenesis are associated with a group of diseases called the ribosomopathies, of which Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is the most studied. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal proteins (RPs) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). RPs and multiple other factors are necessary for the processing of pre-rRNA, the assembly of ribosomal subunits, their export to the cytoplasm and for the final assembly of subunits into a ribosome. Haploinsufficiency of certain RPs causes DBA, whereas mutations in other factors cause various other ribosomopathies. Despite the general nature of their underlying defects, the clinical manifestations of ribosomopathies differ. In DBA, for example, red blood cell pathology is especially evident. In addition, individuals with DBA often have malformations of limbs, the face and various organs, and also have an increased risk of cancer. Common features shared among human DBA and animal models have emerged, such as small body size, eye defects, duplication or overgrowth of ectoderm-derived structures, and hematopoietic defects. Phenotypes of ribosomopathies are mediated both by p53-dependent and -independent pathways. The current challenge is to identify differences in response to ribosomal stress that lead to specific tissue defects in various ribosomopathies. Here, we review recent findings in this field, with a particular focus on animal models, and discuss how, in some cases, the different phenotypes of ribosomopathies might arise from differences in the spatiotemporal expression of the affected genes.
Performance Analysis of a Minimal Adaptive Router

Two classes of adaptive routers, minimal and non-minimal, are emerging as possible replacements for the oblivious routers used in current multicomputer networks. In this paper, we compare the simulated performance of three routers, an oblivious, a minimal, and a non-minimal adaptive router, in a two-dimensional packet switching torus network. The non-minimal adaptive router is shown to give the best performance and the oblivious router the worst. Significantly, however, for many traffic patterns, the minimal adaptive router's performance degrades sharply as the network saturates. Based on an analysis made using several visualization tools, we argue that this performance drop results from nonuniformities introduced for deadlock prevention. Furthermore, this analysis has led us to believe that network balance is an important performance characteristic that has been largely overlooked by designers of adaptive routing algorithms.
Velocity Dependence of the Ionization Probability of Sputtered Atoms

The velocity dependence of the ionization probability of sputtered ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ from chemisorbed oxygen layers on V and Nb is studied. The ionization probability is found to depend on the normal component of the emission velocity, which suggests that the ionization process is an ion-surface interaction and not an ion-atom binary interaction. For ${v}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}g1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ cm/sec, the ionization probability shows an exponential dependence on ${v}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$. However, this velocity dependence fails at lower velocities.
On the equilibrium position of Ginzburg Landau vortices

We study a few problems related to superconducting vortices. Our main concern is the stable equilibrium distribution of them. Our starting point is the asymptotic form of the Ginzburg Landau energy functional with a large Ginzburg Landau parameter. We consider in particular the interaction of the vortices with an applied magnetic field, and the effects of impurities on the vortex locations.
Linear combination of forecasts: A general Bayesian model

We provide a general Bayesian model for combining forecasts from experts (or forecasting models) who might be biased and correlated with each other. The combination procedure involves debiasing and then combining unbiased forecasts. We also provide a sequential method for learning about the forecasters' biases in the process of combining information from them.
Lorca's Suite “Palimpsestos”: Keeping the Reader at Bay

Abstract El gran publico ignora su existencia. Quien cita hoy las Suites al lado del Romancero gitano, de Poeta en Nueva York, del Divan del Tamarit? A los pocos que las conocen quisiera aportar nuevos motivos para amarlas, asi lo espero al menos, y a los demas convencerles de que son imprescindibles para el conocimiento del Lorca.
Role of Alcohol‐induced Hypothermia in Mediating the Teratogenic Effects of Alcohol in C57BL/6 J Mice

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of alcohol-induced maternal hypothermia in the teratogenic actions of alcohol. C57BL/6J mice were administered an acute dose of alcohol (5.8 g/kg orally) or isocaloric sucrose on day 10 of gestation. One half of each group was placed for 6 hr in an incubator set at 32 degrees C and the other half was housed in the incubator at room temperature (22 degrees C). As expected, acute prenatal alcohol exposure at this time of gestation was associated with decreased birth weight and an increase in limb and kidney malformations. The significant alcohol x environmental temperature interaction on these dependent variables indicated that the teratogenic insult was not attenuated, but was in fact even greater for the 32 degrees C/alcohol group. An absence of a main effect of environmental temperature indicated that the 32 degrees C environment, per se, was not teratogenic. Thus, maternal hypothermia is probably not an etiological factor in animal models of fetal alcohol syndrome. Moreover, antagonism of alcohol-induced maternal hypothermia exacerbates the teratogenic actions of alcohol observed at room temperature.