cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reaction of Harbor Seals to Cruise Ships

Abstract The largest aggregations of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Alaska, USA, haul out on floating ice in tidewater glacial fjords. Seals use these fjords in peak numbers during the critical periods of pupping, breeding, and molting when visits by tour ships also peak. Documented and suspected declines of harbor seals in fjords with rising vessel traffic underscore the need to better understand possible impacts, particularly in areas where ship visits have risen substantially in the past 2 decades. We examined the interruption of haul-out bouts of harbor seals due to approaching cruise ships in Disenchantment Bay, Alaska. We conducted observations from cruise ships and focused on disturbance of seals as evidenced by seals flushing into the water from the floating ice on which they rested. We investigated rate of flushing in relation to vessel distance, approach angle, group size, and seal type (mother, pup, or other). Using a survival-regression analysis, we found that the risk of disturbing harbor s...
Investigation of six anatomical and four statistical features of bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum) tree rings

Abstract A tree-ring study was conducted to determine if growth rings on core samples from bald cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) differed significantly in anatomical and statistical features depending on where on the tree the sample was taken. The variables studied were compass direction and surface geometry of the trunk. If significant differences exist, then standardization of core type could provide a higher-quality sample and a more reliable variance measurement for the comparison of tree-core data from different trees. The trunk of bald cypress is often irregular in circumference, forming lobes and furrows. Eight core types were sampled on each tree: north lobe, north furrow, south lobe, south furrow, east lobe, east furrow, west lobe, and west furrow. When anatomical and statistical features were compared, no significant difference in ring-width data was measured that was attributable to compass direction of the core site, with one exception: cores from south furrows had a significantly greater number of missing and merging rings when compared to other furrow cores. Furrow samples were found to have significantly more missing and/or merging rings and significantly fewer false rings than lobe samples. The number of apparent ring-shakes was found to differ significantly among trees. The effect of core type, i.e. compass direction or lobe versus furrow, on ring-width data appears to depend on the year the growth ring was formed.
PEM fuel cell/ DC-DC boost power converter system control via traditional and higher order sliding modes

Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered as a primary source of electrical energy for the DC-DC boost power converter. System's PEMFC/DC-DC boost power converter zero dynamics are analyzed and appeared to be stable. Relative degree approach is applied for direct control of the output load voltage and the fuel cell current in the presence of the model uncertainties. The sliding mode observer is employed for identification of the load resistance, which estimated value is used for generating the fuel cell current command profile. The decoupled traditional SMC and 2-SMC super-twisting sliding mode controller are designed to control the output voltage the PEMFC current respectfully. The efficacy and robustness of the proposed SMC and 2-SMC controllers are confirmed via computer simulations.
IEDs in the dark web: Lexicon expansion and genre classification

Improvised explosive device web pages represent a significant source of knowledge for security organizations. In this paper, we present significant improvements to our approach to the discovery and classification of IED related web pages in the Dark Web. We present a statistical feature ranking approach to the expansion of the keyword lexicon used to discover IED related web pages, which identified new relevant terms for inclusion. Additionally, we present an improved web page feature representation designed to better capture the structural and stylistic cues revealing of genres of communication, and a series of experiments comparing the classification performance of the new representation with our existing approach.
Exhaled nitric oxide parameters and functional capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The extended exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) parameters, including peripheral or alveolar eNO, are investigational biomarkers in COPD. In this study, the hypothesis was tested that elevated peripheral eNO correlates with decreased functional capacity and lower global health status. Twenty-seven subjects with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage 3 and 4 COPD were enrolled. Functional capacity and health status were tested using the 6 min walk test and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) respectively. eNO parameters were estimated using multiple exhalation flow rates and were corrected for axial diffusion. The extended NO measurements were FE(NO)0.05 14.2 ppb (range 5.1-23.2), C(ANO) 4.6 ppb (2.2-6.9), D(awNO) 8.8 ml s(-1) (4.8-12.9), C(awNO) 83.2 ppb (29.9-128.7) and J'(awNO) 405 pl s(-1) (111-731). The distance traveled in the 6 min walk test was correlated with peripheral nitric oxide (r = -0.59, p = 0.03). SGRQ symptom score was correlated with maximum airway NO flux (r = -0.73, p = 0.01). SGRQ total score was correlated with maximum airway NO flux (r = -0.56, p = 0.05). In this study of subjects with severe COPD, peripheral nitric oxide correlated with functional capacity while large airway NO parameters correlated with symptom scores.
Development of telematics communication system with WAVE DSRC

Vehicular wireless communication for emergent or critical informational event's notification is more and more important although ITS and telematics' services are not ready. DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) equipment is under developed up to now, and WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment) is one of the DSRC standards that is currently been standardized. In this paper, we first propose an architecture of demonstration system in telematics. Then we introduce two demonstration scenarios, the Congestion Avoidance System (CAS) and the Emergency Alert System (EAS), about transferring traffic information by WAVE/DSRC. This telematics' field-trial demonstration system is composed of OBU in vehicle, RSU on roadside and LTS on remote site. This demonstration system uses WAVE short message protocol (WSMP) to send alert pictures and messages from vehicle to vehicle (i.e. V2V mode) and traffic information between vehicle and road-side unit (i.e. V2R mode).
Total Synthesis of Laulimalide: Synthesis of the Northern and Southern Fragments

The first stage of the development of a synthetic route for the total synthesis of laulimalide (1) is described. Our retrosynthetic analysis envisioned a novel macrocyclization route to the natural product using a Ru-catalyzed alkene-alkyne coupling. This would be preceded by an esterification of the C19 hydroxyl group, joining together two equally sized synthons, the northern fragment 7 and the southern fragment 8. Our first generation approach to the northern fragment entailed a key sequential Ru-Pd coupling sequence to assemble the dihydropyran. The key reactions proceeded smoothly, however, the inability to effect a key olefin migration led to the development of an alternative route based on an asymmetric dinuclear Zn-catalyzed aldol reaction of a hydroxyl acylpyrrole. This key reaction led to the desired diol adduct 66 with excellent syn:anti selectivity (10:1), and allowed for the successful completion of the northern fragment 7. The key step for the synthesis of the southern fragment was a chemoselective Rh-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction to form the dihydropyran ring from a diyne precursor. This reaction proved to be selective for the formation of a six-membered ring, over a seven. The use of an electron-deficient bidentate phosphine allowed for the reaction to proceed with a reduced catalyst loading.
Ge-Si x Ge 1-x core-shell nanowire tunneling field-effect transistors

We report the fabrication and experimental investigation of Ge-Si x Ge 1-x core-shell nanowire (NW) tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs). Low energy ion implantation was used to highly dope the NW TFET source (S) and drain (D). The NW TFETs show ON-state currents of up to I ON ∼ 5 µA/µm, and the ambipolar behavior is suppressed by achieving asymmetric doping concentrations at S/D. Furthermore, the NW TFET subthreshold slope (SS) shows little temperature dependence down to 77K, consistent with band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) being the dominant carrier injection mechanism.
Averaging of the planetary 3D geostrophic equations with oscillating external forces

Abstract In this article, we consider a non-autonomous three-dimensional planetary geostrophic model of the ocean with a singularly oscillating external force depending on a small parameter ϵ. We prove the existence of the uniform global attractor A ϵ . Furthermore, using the method of [11] in the case of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes systems, we study the convergence of A ϵ as ϵ goes to zero.
Low voltage high-SNR pipeline data converters

A design strategy is presented for obtaining high-SNR (14 bits or higher) in a low voltage pipeline data converter. This is accomplished with the removal of the S/H input stage and the use of a rail-to-rail input stage. The rail-to-rail input requires a reference calibration scheme to maintain converter linearity, and is implemented as a radix calibration.
Learning to sportscast: a test of grounded language acquisition

We present a novel commentator system that learns language from sportscasts of simulated soccer games. The system learns to parse and generate commentaries without any engineered knowledge about the English language. Training is done using only ambiguous supervision in the form of textual human commentaries and simulation states of the soccer games. The system simultaneously tries to establish correspondences between the commentaries and the simulation states as well as build a translation model. We also present a novel algorithm, Iterative Generation Strategy Learning (IGSL), for deciding which events to comment on. Human evaluations of the generated commentaries indicate they are of reasonable quality compared to human commentaries.
Teaching professional and ethical aspects of electrical engineering to a large class

As electrical engineering has expanded and diversified with the technology it creates, it has also more firmly established itself as a well-respected profession that has provided significant benefits to society. Electrical engineering education is continually diversifying to keep step with the profession. For instance, the area of professional and ethical aspects of electrical engineering is increasingly found in electrical engineering programs, either as a stand-alone course or as a topic discussed in conjunction with design (courses). Most view this as a positive development since it is often thought that the focus on professionalism and ethics is likely to help maintain the integrity and respect of the profession as a whole. In this paper we identify resource materials, background information, a syllabus, and outline for teaching a course on professional and ethical aspects of electrical engineering. Special attention is given to issues encountered when this topic is taught to a large class. In particular, it is explained how to turn the large class "problem" into an advantage that can actually enrich the educational process of teaching professional and ethical aspects of electrical engineering.
Innovative single-loop speed estimation model with advanced loop data

With the advances in traffic sensor technology, more useful traffic information can be generated directly or indirectly. This study introduces an innovative single-loop speed estimation model using recent traffic sensor technology. Proposed speed estimation model can be easily integrated with existing loop systems without requiring any roadside construction work. With accurately estimated speed, accurate travel time can also be derived. This will help disseminate accurate real-time traffic information, and therefore improve overall network performance, and traffic control/operation. The spatial and temporal transferability of the developed model was tested and encouraging results were obtained. Automated vehicle grouping is also one of the main contributions of the proposed model.
Regulation of apical H+-ATPase activity and intestinal HCO3− secretion in marine fish osmoregulation

The absorption of Cl− and water from ingested seawater in the marine fish intestine is accomplished partly through Cl−/HCO3− exchange. Recently, a H+ pump (vacuolar-type H+-ATPase) was found to sec...
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery and linkage mapping of bovine cytokine genes.

Polymorphic markers at bovine gene loci facilitate the integration of cattle genetic maps with those of humans and mice. To this end, 31 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed for seven bovine chemokine genes. Loci were amplified from bovine genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction, and candidate amplicons were sequenced to determine their identity. Amplified loci from 24 founding parents and select progeny from a beef cattle reference population were sequenced and analyzed for SNPs. SNP haplotype alleles were determined by examining segregation patterns and used to establish the locus position on the bovine linkage map. Loci for growth-related proteins (GRO3, GRO1, and GROX) were clustered with the related CXC chemokine genes, interleukin (IL) 8, and epithelial cell inflammatory protein 1, at 84 cM from the centromeric end of the bovine chromosome (BTA) 6 linkage group. Bovine loci for a cluster of IL8 receptors, a stromal cell-derived factor 1, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α were mapped at 90, 55, 59, and 34 cM, respectively, from the centromeric ends of the BTA 2, 28, 5, and 23 linkage groups. The positions of these bovine loci were compared with those of orthologous loci on the human map to refine the boundaries of conserved synteny. These seven loci provide examples of SNP development in which the efficiency was largely dependent on the availability of bovine genomic or cDNA sequence. The polymorphic nature of these SNP haplotype markers suggests that they will be useful for mapping complex traits in cattle, such as resistance to infectious disease.
A novel bicomponent hemolysin from Bacillus cereus.

Abstract A procedure combining isoelectric focusing (Sephadex IEF) and fast protein liquid chromatography (Superose 12; Mono-Q) removed hemolytic activity (presumably a contaminant) from partially purified preparations of the multicomponent diarrheal enterotoxin produced by Bacillus cereus. However, when the separated fractions were recombined, hemolytic activity was restored, suggesting that hemolysis is a property of the enterotoxin components. Combined fractions exhibited a unique ring pattern in gel diffusion assays in blood agar. During diffusion of the hemolysin from an agar well, the erythrocytes closest to the well were not lysed initially. After diffusion, hemolysis was observed as a sharp ring beginning several millimeters away from the edge of the well. With time the cells closer to the well were also lysed. This novel hemolysin consists of a protein (component B) which binds to or alters cells, allowing subsequent lysis by a second protein (component L). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and Western blot analysis showed that hemolysin BL has properties similar to those described previously for the enterotoxin and that both components are distinct from cereolysin and cereolysin AB.
Azacitidine with or without Entinostat for the treatment of therapy-related myeloid neoplasm: further results of the E1905 North American Leukemia Intergroup study.

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (tMN) are serious late effects of the treatment of cancer with poor response to conventional treatment. Azacitidine (AZA) has been used to treat patients with tMN but current data are retrospective. We present here 47 tMN patients prospectively enrolled as a specific cohort in the E1905 study. TheE1905 study was a randomized phase 2 study (NCT00313586) testing 10 d of AZA (50 mg/m(2) /d) +/- the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat (4 mg/m(2) /d PO day-3 and day-10). A total of 47 patients [29 therapy-related myelosyspastic syndrome (t-MDS) and 18 therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia (t-AML)] were recruited to the study. 24 patients were treated with AZA monotherapy and 23 with AZA+entinostat. The median number of administered cycles was 4, significantly higher in patients treated with AZA (6 cycles vs. 3 cycles, P = 0·008). Haematological normalization rates were 46% in monotherapy and 17% in the combination arm. Median overall survivals were 13 and 6 months, respectively. The novel 50 * 10 schedule of azacitidine appears effective, with response rates, when given as single agent, comparable to those for patients with de novo MDS/AML treated on the same protocol. However, the combination of AZA and entinostat was associated with increased toxicity and could not be recommended for treatment of tMN.
Percutaneous Treatment of Chronic Distal Aortic Occlusion : A Viable Option

A 55-year-old woman presented with severe lifestyle-limiting bilateral calf and thigh claudication (Rutherford stage III). She had history of aortobifemoral bypass 13 years ago, which had occluded since then. Her ankle brachial index (ABI) was 0.67 on the right and 0.69 on the left. Computed
Short-Termism and Long-Termism

A signi…cant debate in corporate law and …nance concerns the role of activist investors (especially hedge funds) in corporate governance. Activists, it is often alleged, imprudently privilege short term earnings over superior (but less liquid) long term investments. Activists counter that they target managers who unjusti…ably cling to questionable strategies. While this debate is hardly new, it has grown increasingly fractious of late. We analyze the activism debate within a theoretical securities-market setting. In our framework — which draws from an emerging literature in empirical and experimental …� )
Nonprofit Organizations’ Involvement in Participatory Processes: The Need for Democratic Accountability

Participatory processes – defined as formal efforts to involve constituents in government decision-making – are an increasingly common tool adopted by public agencies and other elite decision making bodies in many developed nations. Unfortunately, although conceptualized as a way to incorporate lay citizens as stakeholders, participation in such processes takes time and expertise that many citizens do not have. As a result, nonprofit leaders are often invited to participate as a logistical shortcut for citizen involvement. This representation, albeit nonelected and unaccountable, is an increasingly important way vulnerable groups are represented and a key aspect of many nonprofit organizations’ advocacy involvement. It is important to ask, then, how well nonprofits do when attempting to represent specific claimed constituents. It is likely their success varies greatly. While many organizations work to engage constituents in democratic ways – including ongoing outreach and communication strategies, establishing participatory mechanisms within their own organizations, and soliciting resident feedback – other nonprofits do not. Based on the authors’ collaborative research, his brief identifies four specific policy proposals that may help facilitate the inclusionary goals of participatory processes, promote democratic accountability among nonprofit representatives, and make sure the needs of vulnerable citizens are met.
Effect of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents on the activity of cytochrome oxidase.

Summary1. The activity of cytochrome oxidase increased in the presence of convulsant agents used in concentrations of 1×10−3M and less. 2. The activity of cytochrome oxidase was not significantly modified by the anticonvulsant agents used in concentrations of 1×10−3M and less. 3. Convulsant agents, therefore, activate at least 2 processes, namely, a non-oxidative mechanism that initiates the seizures and the oxidative recovery processes occurring in each unit during the convulsive seizures.
Dermatopathologists' opinions about the quality of clinical information in the skin biopsy requisition form and the skin biopsy care process: a semiqualitative assessment.

Objectives The skin biopsy care process is prone to communication failures. We sought to solicit dermatopathologists about their opinions on the quality of clinical information provided in the requisition form (RF) that accompanies skin specimens and their suggestions on how to improve the process. Methods A self-administered survey of the membership of the American Society of Dermatopathology was performed. Qualitative methods were used to analyze free-text comments. Results Of 1,102 participants, 153 completed the final question in the survey (response rate 14%). Respondent opinions fell into four critical themes: (1) quality of clinical information in the RF and adequacy of biopsy specimens, (2) training of residents and nondermatologist providers, (3) information transfer via electronic medical records, and (4) practice constraints. Conclusions Dermatopathologists communicated that missing clinical information in the RF and inadequate specimens are common and adversely affect the quality of care. Multiple provider- and practice-related factors contribute to communication failures and deserve further investigation.
Packaging of microsystems

The experience gained from a variety of MEMS packaging projects distils down to three major lessons. Not surprisingly, none of these lessons is brand new, nor are they applicable only to MEMS-based microsystems. The three lessons are: Engage people spanning all technologies in the system, and brainstorm multiple system concepts with associated packaging and assembly options. The group should work towards consensus on a single approach, continually reviewing the design and identifying critical processes and possible roadblocks. Remember that it should not be easy to reach consensus. Three engineering goals have to be part of the process: design for manufacture, design for test and design for reliability. These apply to the individual components, the packaging process flow and the entire product lifecycle. Develop and assess critical processes as early as possible. Some level of experimentation should go on while the brainstorming and discussion in lesson 1 are continuing. Once a process flow is identified, it should start being exercised immediately using dummy or partially functional parts. As real parts become available, they are inserted into the process. Applying these three points is crucial to making complex MEMS-based microsystems. Assembling functional MEMS-based microsystems is possible, as demonstrated throughout this book.
Theorizing Fat Talk: Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Intergroup Communication About Groups

Women frequently reference weight in their talk (e.g., “I’m so fat”). This chapter reviews the literature on weight-related communication—-fat talk—and presents a conceptual model describing the antecedents and consequences of engaging in communicative interactions about weight at the individual, relational, and social identity levels. Our model expands previous understandings by proposing that fat talk needs to be understood as a psychological, interpersonal, and collective phenomenon. By investigating and acknowledging the causes, consequences, and processes of fat talk, we anticipate potential in altering individuals’ and society’s ideas, expectations, and discourse about the ideal body image.
InGaN/GaN microwave varactors with high Q, high-breakdown voltage and high linearity

Semiconductor varactors are receiving increasing attention because of their potential to provide adaptive and tunable characteristics for the front-end of wireless communication systems, enabling efficient multi-band and software-defined radios. For base-station applications, Q > 100, breakdown voltage > 100 V and OIP3 > 65 dBm are required. The combination of high Q and high-breakdown voltage requires semiconductors with high mobility and high-breakdown electric field [1]; GaN with a mobility of >∼ 500 cm2/Vsec and a breakdown electric field of 2.5 MV/cm is a promising candidate. SiC-based varactors have also been recently reported [2]. We have previously demonstrated GaN large-area varactors that achieve high-breakdown voltage. The addition of a thin InGaN surface layer was shown to increase the diode breakdown voltage and reduce the leakage current under high reverse bias [3]. In this work, InGaN/GaN Schottky-diode microwave varactors with Q > 100 at 1 GHz, breakdown voltage > 120 V and OIP3 > 71 dBm are reported. To the best of our knowledge, the combination of Q, voltage handling capability and OIP3 represents advancement from any other reported varactors.
Controls-oriented models of lithium-ion cells having blend electrodes. Part 2: Physics-based reduced-order models

Abstract Physics-based battery models can predict not only voltage behaviors of a cell but also internal electrochemical variables such as lithium concentrations and electrical potentials. Knowledge of these variables will be critical in future battery management systems to be able to devise controls that extract the maximum performance from a cell while also slowing down its degradation, since available performance and degradation are both direct functions of the values of these internal electrochemical variables. This paper and its Part-1 companion concern themselves with simple but accurate models of lithium-ion cells having electrodes that are composed of a blend of multiple active materials. In this paper, we show how to create a physics-based reduced-order model (ROM). This ROM not only gives better voltage predictions than the equivalent-circuit models proposed in the Part-1 paper, but is also able to predict all cell internal electrochemical variables. Additionally, its computational complexity is similar to that of the circuit model.
Refining the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Patient-Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO) item candidates: interpretation of a self-reported outcome measure of functional performance by young people with neurodevelopmental disabilities

Aim This study examined the item interpretability and rating scale use of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory–Patient-Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO) by young people with developmental disabilities. The PEDI-PRO assesses the functional performance of discrete functional tasks in the context of everyday life situations. Method A two-phase cognitive interview design was implemented with a convenience sample of 37 young people (mean age 19y, SD 2y 5mo; 13 males and 24 females; 68% with intellectual disability) with developmental disabilities. In phase I, 182 item candidates were each reviewed by an average of four young people. In phase II, 103 items were carried forward or revised and each reviewed by an average of seven additional young people. Two raters coded responses for intended item interpretation and performance quality; codes were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative analysis explored young people's self-evaluation process. Results Items were interpreted as intended by most young people (mean 86%). Young people can use PEDI-PRO response categories appropriately to describe their performance: 94% of positive performance descriptions coincided with a positive response category choice; 73% of negative descriptions coincided with a negative response category choice. Young people interpreted items in a literal manner, and their self-evaluation incorporated the use of supports that facilitate functional performance. Interpretation The PEDI-PRO's measurement framework appears to support the self-evaluation of functional performance of young people with developmental disabilities.
In Pursuit of Social Justice: Emic and Etic Perspectives of Social Service Providers

ABSTRACTProfessional social service providers have an obligation to seek social justice for their clients and the communities they serve. Using a case-study approach, this exploratory qualitative study examined how providers address community needs from emic and etic perspectives and the influence of race concordance on the development of these perspectives in relation to social justice. Themes found include: (a) understanding the community, (b) providing culturally appropriate services, and (c) fighting for social justice. Suggestions are offered for narrowing the gap between social justice knowledge and action taking. Suggestions are also offered for providing more culturally appropriate social services.
Parametric Study of Ballistic Lander Deployment to Small Bodies

This paper investigates the sensitivities of spherical lander deployment to small bodies. Previous work established methods to simulate the motion of such landers in the gravitationally and topogra...
Behavioral Responses of Male Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) to Mating Communication Signals from Vibration Traps in Citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) Trees

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), vectors the bacterium causing citrus greening disease, which has devastated citrus production worldwide wherever it has been introduced. To help monitor and target D. citri populations in commercial groves, thereby facilitating more effective management of citrus greening disease, a prototype device has been developed that mimics D. citri female vibrational communication signals, attracting males to a trap. For this report, effects of the device on male D. citri searching behavior were assessed to consider potential improvements in field applications. Forty-five percent of the males that searched towards the female signal mimic reached the source. In addition, the mean latencies before the initiation of calling and searching responses by males that reached the source were significantly lower than for those that missed, which suggests that trapping efficiency is strongly influenced by variability in male responsiveness to searching cues. Consequently, it is likely that the trapping efficiency of vibration traps could be increased further if they were modified to make use of additional cues strongly attractive to males, such as citrus flush olfactory and visual cues. ResumenEl silido asiatico de los citricos Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) es un vector de la bacteria causante de la enfermedad del enverdecimiento de los citricos, que ha devastado la produccion de citricos en todo el mundo dondequiera que este ha sido introducido. Para ayudar a monitorear y enfocarse a las poblaciones de D. citri en los bosques comerciales, facilitando asi un manejo mas efectivo de la enfermedad del enverdecimiento de los citricos, se ha desarrollado un aparato prototipo que imita las senales vibracionales de comunicacion de las hembras de D. citri, que atraen a machos a las trampas. Para este informe, se evaluaron los efectos del aparato sobre el comportamiento de busqueda de los machos de D. citri para considerar posibles mejoras en las aplicaciones de campo. El 45% de los machos que buscaban hacia la senal que imitaba la hembra llegaron a la fuente. Ademas, el promedio de la latencia antes de la iniciacion de la llamada y las respuestas de busqueda por los machos que llegarona la fuente fueron significativamente mas bajos que para los que se fallaron, lo que sugiere que la eficiencia de captura esta fuertemente influenciada por la variabilidad en la capacidad de respuesta de los machos a buscar senales. En consecuencia, es probable que la eficacia de captura de trampas de vibracion podria aumentar aun mas si se modificaron para hacer uso de senales adicionales fuertemente atractivas para los machos, tales como senales olfativas y visuales de los brotes de nuevas hojas en citricos.View this article in BioOne
A Bayesian basket trial design using a calibrated Bayesian hierarchical model.

Background:The basket trial evaluates the treatment effect of a targeted therapy in patients with the same genetic or molecular aberration, regardless of their cancer types. Bayesian hierarchical m...
Integrating Agent Learning with System Dynamics in an Agent-Based Model of Economic Development

This paper1 integrates evolutionary game in an agent-based model, with application in economic development. It answers the question of how does individual agency impact a country's development trajectory, at both the micro and macro level. The model simulates how individuals act, react, and interact in different societies through learning process. It demonstrates how macro structures provide political, social and economic environments that constrain or incentive micro level human behavior, while the feedback loop of individual agent actions on structure paves the way for explaining and predicting political, economic and social explanations across all human scales of behavior and levels of analysis. Simulation result is compared against real world data, suggesting policy implications for society at different stages of development.
Validating and Verifying Validation and Verification: The Methodological Challenge of a Public Policy Imperative

Validation and Verification are legally required evaluations that the Defense Department must make of any system, model, or simulation it deploys. With extensive experience and detailed protocols for verifying and validating natural science based systems, DoD now faces the problem of how to conduct such evaluations for the social science based systems, models, and simulations it is increasingly interested in acquiring. Employing an “epistemological ladder” or hierarchy linking ontology to data, this paper will analyze the verification and validation process as entailing analogous questions about warrantability of inferences and accuracy or generalizability of findings appropriate at any step in the ladder. Analysis of the confusing impact of the “two cultures” idea and its importance within influential philosophy of science texts, along with the particular history of validation and verification concepts within the American military, will be used as the basis for presenting a unified approach to the problem. The usefulness of the approach is tested in a mapping exercise of key debates between quantitatively and qualitatively oriented political science methodologists and of the conventional wisdom reflected in recent DoD documents.
Algorithms for Multi-Objective Nonlinear Programming Problems: An Overview

A number of real life problems have multiple objectives and constraints that are truly nonlinear in nature. Many efficient interactive algorithms have been proposed to solve these problems. These procedures differ in the philosophy/approach they follow. Even within a given philosophy/approach, the algorithms differ in several details. In this paper, our objective is to give an overview of some of the available algorithms.
Psychopharmacology and Mental Health Practice: An Important Alliance

Many mental health professionals are concerned about an increasingly "medicalized" society, driven in part by significant growth in biomedical research and biological perspectives on psychological disorders. The modern medical era, which has endorsed reductionism as the principal way of viewing many health conditions, offers many options for treating psychiatric diagnoses. Pharmacology is a major influence in psychiatric treatment decisions, and despite questions by mental health practitioners about reliance on drugs (Murray, 2009), psychopharmacology provides helpful alternatives. However, pharmacological options for mental health concerns should not be considered in isolation, and the use of drug treatments for cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disorders warrants careful contextual analysis. Mental health practitioners are encouraged to view pharmacology within a comprehensive sociohistorical framework that recognizes the value of a reductionist perspective as part of psychology's rich cognitive and ...
Polyamine metabolism and cancer: treatments, challenges and opportunities

Advances in our understanding of the metabolism and molecular functions of polyamines and their alterations in cancer have led to resurgence in the interest of targeting polyamine metabolism as an anticancer strategy. Increasing knowledge of the interplay between polyamine metabolism and other cancer-driving pathways, including the PTEN–PI3K–mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), WNT signalling and RAS pathways, suggests potential combination therapies that will have considerable clinical promise. Additionally, an expanding number of promising clinical trials with agents targeting polyamines for both therapy and prevention are ongoing. New insights into molecular mechanisms linking dysregulated polyamine catabolism and carcinogenesis suggest additional strategies that can be used for cancer prevention in at-risk individuals. In addition, polyamine blocking therapy, a strategy that combines the inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis with the simultaneous blockade of polyamine transport, can be more effective than therapies based on polyamine depletion alone and may involve an antitumour immune response. These findings open up new avenues of research into exploiting aberrant polyamine metabolism for anticancer therapy. This Review discusses new insights into molecular mechanisms that link the dysregulation of polyamine metabolism with carcinogenesis and strategies for targeting this pathway for cancer therapy.
Introduction: Dynamics of Social Movements, Revolution, and Social Transformation

Social movements have been struggling against repressive states advancing the interests of dominant classes for many centuries. Over time, millions of people have organized and become empowered to bring about social change and transformations in numerous societies across the globe. This opening introductory essay provides an analysis of the conditions that lead to the emergence and development of social movements struggling to bring about transformation of society. It examines the origins, nature, dynamics, and mobilization of social movements as they struggle to transform the prevailing dominant social, economic, and political order. After a brief historical background and an examination of objective and subjective conditions leading to the development of social movements, the essay explores the dynamics of movement organization and mobilization with reference to concrete cases of social movements that have succeeded in rising up and transforming societies across the globe in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
Top-cited articles in the Journal: a bibliometric analysis.

Background The Journal has had a profound influence in nearly 150 years of publishing. A bibliometric analysis, which uses citation analyses to evaluate the impact of articles, can be used to identify the most impactful papers in the Journal’s history. Objective The objective was to identify and characterize the top-cited articles published in the Journal since 1920. Study Design We used the Web of Science and Scopus databases to identify the most frequently cited articles of the Journal from 1920 through 2018. The top 100 articles from each database were included in our analysis. Articles were evaluated for several characteristics including year of publication, article type, topic, open access, and country of origin. Using the Scopus data, we performed an unadjusted categorical analysis to characterize the articles and a 2 time point analysis to compare articles before and after 1995, the median year of publication from each database list. Results The top 100 articles from each database were included in the analysis. This included 120 total articles: 80 articles listed in both and 20 unique in each database. More than half (52%) were observational studies, 9% were RCTs, and 75% were from US authors. When the post-1995 studies were compared with the articles published before 1995, articles were more frequently cited (median 27 vs 13 citations per year, P Conclusion Slightly more than half of the top-cited papers in the Journal since 1920 were observational studies and three quarters of all papers were from US authors. Compared with top-cited papers before 1995, the Journal's top-cited papers after 1995 were more likely to be randomized and to originate from international authors.
Characterizing the Major Structural Variant Alleles of the Human Genome

In order to provide a comprehensive resource for human structural variants (SVs), we generated long-read sequence data and analyzed SVs for fifteen human genomes. We sequence resolved 99,604 insertions, deletions, and inversions including 2,238 (1.6 Mbp) that are shared among all discovery genomes with an additional 13,053 (6.9 Mbp) present in the majority, indicating minor alleles or errors in the reference. Genotyping in 440 additional genomes confirms the most common SVs in unique euchromatin are now sequence resolved. We report a ninefold SV bias toward the last 5 Mbp of human chromosomes with nearly 55% of all VNTRs (variable number of tandem repeats) mapping to this portion of the genome. We identify SVs affecting coding and noncoding regulatory loci improving annotation and interpretation of functional variation. These data provide the framework to construct a canonical human reference and a resource for developing advanced representations capable of capturing allelic diversity.
Evaluating Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Issues for Craftsmen in Metal Handicrafts

The aim of this paper is to evaluate occupational health and safety (OHS) issues faced by traditional craftsmen in bell and brass metal handicraft process in Balakati metal craft cluster of Odisha. The process of handicraft metal work, though handled in a small scale, uses hazardous industrial processes of high-temperature melting, foundry work, beating, grinding, and machining; similar to hazard prone industrial processes. Craftsmen are exposed to serious OHS and ergonomics-based hazards. Modern industrial process mapping methodology including walk-through survey was conducted for the same. Different metals may be correlated with OHS hazards (toxicity, heat stress, and fumes), route of entry (inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion) and phase of hazard. This paper fills the gap in identifying the OHS hazards and also provides recommendations for design of control strategies such as personal protective equipment and process change in line with learnings from existing industrial practice.
Revisiting eligibility for deep brain stimulation: Do preoperative mood symptoms predict outcomes in Parkinson's disease patients?

Abstract Introduction Anxiety and depression are common in PD, occurring in an estimated 30%–40% of PD patients. However, the extent to which these emotional symptoms interfere with Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) outcomes is not well established. This study examined the association between pre-operative emotional well-being and postsurgical cognitive, emotional, and motor performance in PD. Methods Forty-nine PD patients underwent neurological, neuropsychological (global cognition, processing speed, language, visuospatial, memory), and emotional assessments pre- and post-DBS. Fifteen patients were administered the UPDRS. Patients were divided into Anxious (Anx; n = 21), Comorbid Anxious and Depressed (Anx + Dep; n = 15), and Emotionally Asymptomatic (EA; n = 13) based on BAI and BDI-II cutoffs, and compared on pre-post changes in neurocognitive, mood, and motor scores using analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for education, ethnicity, and disease duration. Results Pre-DBS, there were no significant differences between the three groups on any neuropsychological measure. Overall change from pre-to post-DBS revealed declines on multiple cognitive measures and lower symptom endorsement on the BAI among all participants. No group differences were observed on neurocognitive measures, mood, or UPDRS. Conclusions PD patients with mild-moderate anxiety or comorbid anxiety/depression pre-DBS do not show greater cognitive, emotional, and motor changes post-DBS compared to emotionally asymptomatic patients. These data emphasize the importance of discussing potential DBS outcomes, while keeping in mind that psychiatric comorbidity should not necessarily exclude patients from DBS. The notion that premorbid mood symptoms could disqualify a candidate for surgery would be a disservice, as this group performs comparably to asymptomatic peers.
Radio Ga-Ga

Medicine surrounds us. Like a second atmosphere it's every. where, permeating into everything. Go to work, it's medicine. Come home and read the paper, there's medicine on the front page. Open a magazine, there's illness everywhere. Turn on the television, and a thousand fly on the wall docu-soaps scream out at you. Sleep medicine, breathe medicine, eat medicine. We're a nation truly obsessed, unable to live for the present, and running frantically from the inevitable. So perhaps it's not so surprising that even the most innocuous of things have been caught up in our tangled medical lives. I just never realised until recently how bad the situation had become. Two weeks ago, cruising south on the M6 motorway, surrounded …
Vascular injury in transplanted tissues. Fine structural changes in tumor, adult, and embryonic blood vessels.

Adult, embryonic and tumor tissues from the rat were grafted to the chorioallantoio membrane (CAM) of the chick embryo. Fine structural changes in the microvasculature of the transplants were compared, with emphasis on the condition of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells in tumor grafts appeared irreversibly injured 2 h after grafting and most had degenerated by 8 h. In normal adult tissues, endothelial cells disintegrated more slowly, but lipid accumulation and blebbing leading to occlusion of vascular lumina, were prominent by 1 day. Cells were swollen and vacuolated 2 days after grafting and most were disrupted by 3 days. Embryonic endothelial cells were only mildly damaged and vessel lumina were patent for up to 3 days. Vessels were then reperfused with chick blood. It is concluded that the microvasculature in tumor tissue is extremely susceptible to ischemic damage and that this phenomenon may be involved in the central necrosis which develops in many animal tumors after they grow beyond a small size. Furthermore, only blood vessels and endothelium in embryonic tissues were sufficiently resistant to ischemic changes so that the graft microvasculature could be reperfused.
Comorbidity of Substance Use and Violence

This chapter examines comorbidity of substance use and predatory violence. First, we briefly discuss explanatory models, including the psychopharmacological, economic motivation, and systemic causal models, as well as common cause models. We then review the literature supporting an association between substance use and violence focusing on proximal and developmental associations of alcohol with violence and drugs with violence. Our review clearly supports a causal association of alcohol use and violence, although this association is moderated by individual and contextual factors. Providing targeted alcohol interventions to individuals with a proclivity to violence could reduce a large proportion of violent crimes. In contrast, besides violence associated with participation in illegal drug markets, there is no definitive evidence that most types of illicit drugs cause violent behavior. Thus, regulation of illegal drug markets may decrease economically-motivated and systematic drug-related violence. Nevertheless, many violent offenders use and are addicted to drugs. Therefore, substance use interventions for criminal offenders are clearly needed.