cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Laboratory Fatigue Characteristics with Full-Scale Pavement Cracking for Recycled and Warm-Mix Asphalts

This paper presents the results of laboratory fatigue characterization of recycled and warm-mix asphalt (WMA), which include unaged and long-term oven-aged conditions tested with an asphalt mixture performance tester. Various choices of failure criteria and pavement structural variations were considered. The laboratory results were compared with full-scale performance data. A softer performance grade (PG) was effective at improving the performance for 40% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) recycled binder ratio (RBR) mixes. The softer PG was ineffective at improving the performance of tear-off recycled asphalt shingles, providing 20% RBR. WMA production improved slightly in the 20% RAP RBR mixes, but was less effective in softening the 40% RAP RBR mixes. Long-term aging increased the modulus by about 24% and decreased the fatigue resistance by about 40%. Aged mixes appear to agree better with full-scale accelerated loading facility cracking. Structural differences from ordinary construction variation and th...
A simplified spline solution procedure

From the previous discussion it is clear that the present iterative procedure for achieving higher-order accuracy has many advantages. 1. At each time level, a modified finite-difference problem is in effect being solved. Thus the present procedure does not involve any additional coding complexities. Therefore, it is relatively simple to upgrade or “spline” an existing finite-difference program. This has been carried out in the numerous cases described herein. 2. The storage requirements of the present procedure are considerably reduced. For example, with the Spline 4 and Hermite 6 methods, the original coupled procedures for a single differential equation require, for the block inversion algorithm, the storage of 6 and 12 arrays, respectively. In the present case, this is reduced to 2 and 6 arrays respectively. For systems of coupled equations, such as boundary layer or Navier-Stokes problems, the reduction in storage requirements is even more dramatic. 3. The present iterative spline technique has been applied successfully with one-dimensional implicit, and two-dimensional ADI, predictor-corrector, SOR, strongly implicit and direct solver algorithms.
Friends' Alcohol-Related Social Networking Site Activity Predicts Escalations in Adolescent Drinking: Mediation by Peer Norms

Abstract Purpose Adolescents' increased use of social networking sites (SNS) coincides with a developmental period of heightened risk for alcohol use initiation. However, little is known regarding associations between adolescents' SNS use and drinking initiation nor the mechanisms of this association. This study examined longitudinal associations among adolescents' exposure to friends' alcohol-related SNS postings, alcohol-favorable peer injunctive norms, and initiation of drinking behaviors. Methods Participants were 658 high-school students who reported on posting of alcohol-related SNS content by self and friends, alcohol-related injunctive norms, and other developmental risk factors for alcohol use at two time points, 1 year apart. Participants also reported on initiation of three drinking behaviors: consuming a full drink, becoming drunk, and heavy episodic drinking (three or more drinks per occasion). Probit regression analyses were used to predict initiation of drinking behaviors from exposure to alcohol-related SNS content. Path analyses examined mediation of this association by peer injunctive norms. Results Exposure to friends' alcohol-related SNS content predicted adolescents' initiation of drinking and heavy episodic drinking 1 year later, controlling for demographic and known developmental risk factors for alcohol use (i.e., parental monitoring and peer orientation). In addition, alcohol-favorable peer injunctive norms statistically mediated the relationship between alcohol-related SNS exposure and each drinking milestone. Conclusions Results suggest that social media plays a unique role in contributing to peer influence processes surrounding alcohol use and highlight the need for future investigative and preventive efforts to account for adolescents' changing social environments.
Two dimensions of parental involvement: What affects parental involvement in dual language immersion?

ABSTRACTThis article investigates parental involvement in Korean two-way immersion (TWI) programs from the social capital theory perspective. This study explores the degree to which parental involvement is affected by parents’ demographic features and parent-related variables by analyzing data from 454 parents of students enrolled in seven elementary schools; the majority of parents and students in these schools are from immigrant families with different linguistic and cultural values. The findings reveal two dimensions of parental involvement activities: personal interactions among parents regarding their children’s education and parental participation in school. The results of a series of regression analyses indicate that the impact of social capital-related features on parental school engagement is modest. Parental interaction and participation are positively associated with each other; positive school environment is another salient factor in predicting parental involvement. The study’s findings provid...
Reflections on Searching for a Postdoctoral Position: Three Points to Ponder

Choosing the right laboratory in which to do postdoctoral training is perhaps one of the most important decisions that a scientist makes in his or her career. Does one choose a laboratory based on the research topic or the research style of the mentor? Does one choose a large laboratory or a small one? How does one fit the selection of a postdoctoral laboratory into the context of one’s long-range career goals? Here, I briefly discuss three points worth considering in seeking a research laboratory for postdoctoral training after the completion of a graduate degree.
Physical Activity in Midlife is not Associated with Cognitive Health in Later Life Among Cognitively Normal Older Adults.

Background Links between physical activity and dementia are based primarily on cross-sectional data or studies with unsatisfactory follow-up. Objective We leveraged three decades of follow-up from an established cohort to determine whether physical activity in midlife is associated with late-life cognition and dementia. Methods The Johns Hopkins Precursors study (n = 646) enrolled participants from 1948-1964 and administered questions about physical activity, from which we calculated metabolic equivalents (MET h/day), and exercise from 1978-present. Cognitive tests were administered in 2008. Dementia was adjudicated through 2011. To characterize associations with midlife physical activity, we used linear regression for cognitive tests and Cox proportional hazards models for dementia onset. Models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. Results No physical activity measure from 1978 was associated with late-life cognition or onset of dementia. Both MET h/day (β= 0.007, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.013) and regular exercise (β= 0.357, 95% CI: 0.202, 0.513) in 2006, however, were associated with better cognition in 2008. Conclusion Findings from this 30-year cohort study that physical activity measured recently, but not in mid-life, is associated with late-life cognition fits with null findings from randomized trials and other observational studies with extensive follow-up. Cross-sectional findings may be misleading due to reverse causation.
An SVM parameter learning algorithm scalable on large data size for driver fatigue detection

Support vector machine (SVM) is a classification model that separates instances by maximizing their distance to a classifying hyper-plane. SVM has been applied successfully to solve a wide range of application problems. However the effectiveness of SVM largely depends on the parameters used by its kernel functions. For a SVM with the radial basis function (RBF) being the kernel function, two parameters control the SVM training, c and γ. Traditionally, grid-search technique is applied to selecting the proper values of the two parameters. The grid-search method is computationally expensive when the size of training samples is large. In this paper, we present a parameter learning algorithm, Distributed Learning and Searching (DL&S). It is composed of two stages: distributed searching for significant parameters and finding optimal parameters fit for all training data. We applied the DL&S algorithm to solve an important automotive safety problem, driver fatigue detection. We present a driver fatigue detection system using a SVM trained on driver performance data, lane position, lane heading, and lateral distance. We apply the DL&S algorithm to select optimal parameters and use them to train a SVM for driver fatigue detection. Our experimental results show that the SVM generated by the optimal parameters selected by the DL&S algorithm can perform nearly as well as the SVM generated by the parameter pair found by the grid-search, and, more importantly, the DL&S algorithm consumed only 7.5% of the computational cost needed by grid-search.
Community structure of elasmobranchs in estuaries along the northwest Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Estuaries promote high levels of productivity and biodiversity by providing habitat for many biological communities due to their wide range of environmental conditions. Estuarine systems serve as nurseries, areas for parturition, and feeding grounds for elasmobranchs. However, estuaries face an array of anthropogenic pressures, including overfishing, altered flow regimes, pollution, and habitat destruction. Given the vulnerability of estuarine ecosystems, observing long-term changes in community structure is essential to understanding the effects of anthropogenic stressors. Elasmobranch community structure was analyzed among eight estuaries in the northwest Gulf of Mexico to evaluate spatial and temporal variability in species abundance and diversity using bi-annual fisheries independent gillnet survey data over three decades (1985–2014). Ten species comprised 99.4% of elasmobranchs caught which included 35.3% bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas), 18.1% bonnetheads (Sphyrna tiburo), 17.0% cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus), 13.4% blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus), 5.9% Atlantic stingrays (Dasyatis sabina), 3.1% Atlantic sharpnose sharks (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae), 2.7% spinner sharks (Carcharhinus brevipinna), 2.1% scalloped hammerheads (Sphyrna lewini), 1.7% finetooth sharks (Carcharhinus isodon), and 0.7% lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris). During the study period, elasmobranch community structure changed among estuaries and among decades. Bull sharks, bonnetheads, cownose rays, blacktip sharks, and spinner sharks all increased in abundance during the study period, whereas finetooth sharks and lemon sharks decreased over time. Higher latitude estuaries were dominated by bull sharks while lower latitude estuaries were dominated by cownose rays. Salinity was the most important environmental variable in predicting individual elasmobranch species abundance (deviance explained: 14.4 ± 6.5 SD), while temperature and depth also played a role in shaping community structure. Diversity was greatest in mid-latitudinal estuaries with spatially and temporally dynamic salinity regimes. As environmental change and human impacts persist across much of the world, understanding environmental drivers of community structure using long-term datasets will provide insight to how these changes influence coastal ecosystems, and enable more comprehensive and scale-independent models to be developed for the management and conservation of coastal ecotones.
Inclusion of Conducting Polymers in Inorganic Hosts: Towards Conducting Nanostructures

A discussion of various strategies for the intrazeolite encapsulation of polymer filaments is given. Two examples are discussed in more detail: Poly(2-ethylaniline) and pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile in zeolite hosts. Poly(2-ethylaniline) chains were synthesized within the three-dimensional channels of dehydrated zeolites X and Y via oxidation of the intrazeolite monomers with aqueous (NH4)2S2O8. The steric demands for the polymerization are illustrated by the inability of the polymer to form in the one-dimensional channel system of mordenite. Since protons are not necessary for the polymerization to occur, the polymer is formed in the acid form of the zeolites as well as in the Na-forms. The intrazeolite polymer chain length peaks at about 0.1 μm (determined from gel permeation chromatography), and is greater than that obtained in bulk polymerizations. Intrazeolite polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was formed from preadsorbed acrylonitrile in zeolite Y and mordenite on reaction with radical initiators. Chain length analysis with gel permeation chromatography revealed a peak molecular weight of 19,000 for PAN in NaY, and about 1,000 for the polymer in mordenite. When intrazeolite PAN was pyrolyzed under nitrogen, black encapsulated material resulted that had lost the nitrile groups and hydrogen. After removal from the zeolite hosts, the pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile showed electronic DC conductivity at the order of 10−5 Scm−1.
Revision for Rights

Cambodia has arrived at a turning point in its history. The Khmer Rouge Tribunal, a joint effort between Cambodia’s judiciary and the United Nations to investigate and try senior Khmer Rouge leaders, is inviting unprecedented reflection and dialogue on civic education and citizenship. The first textbook to give a detailed account of the Cambodian genocide from 1975 to 1979 has been authorized as a text for the secondary school history curriculum. Organizations such as the Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-CAM), with international support, have relentlessly pursued the cause of genocide education and fact-finding in the last decade, only recently finding success at the national level.
Clinical Staging of Prostatic Cancer: New Modalities

Carcinoma of the prostate gland is currently recognized as being the third leading cause of death by cancer in American men. As in other neoplastic disease processes, the institution of adequate treatment depends on the clinical stage of the disease. Radionuclide bone scans, pelvic lymphangiography, computed tomography, and prostatic ultrasonography are relatively new imaging modalities currently available to help improve the accuracy of the clinical staging process.
Regulation of Macrophages by Extracellular Matrix Composition and Adhesion Geometry

The extracellular matrix is a dynamic structural component of tissue and plays a key role in wound healing by providing adhesive cues that regulate cell behavior during tissue repair. Macrophages are essential regulators of inflammation and tissue remodeling, and adaptively change their function in different microenvironments. Although much is known about how soluble factors including cytokines and chemokines influence immune cell function, much less is known about how insoluble cues including those presented by the matrix regulate their behavior. The goal of this study is to understand the potential role of different adhesive proteins and their geometric presentation in regulating macrophage behavior. Previously, using micropatterning and topographical features, we observed that macrophage elongation helps to promote polarization towards a pro-healing phenotype. In this work, we found that adhesion to different extracellular matrix ligands had only a moderate effect on macrophage cytokine secretion in response to prototypical activating stimuli. However, expression of arginase-1, a marker of pro-healing phenotype, was enhanced when cells were cultured on laminin, Matrigel, and vitronectin when compared to collagen, fibronectin, or fibrinogen. When micropatterned into lines, almost all matrix ligands allowed elongation of macrophages and a concomitant increase in arginase-1 expression. Together, these data demonstrate that extracellular matrix composition and adhesion geometry influence macrophage cell shape and function. In this study, we examined the effects of different extracellular matrix proteins on the phenotypic polarization of macrophages, a major innate immune cell involved in defense against pathogens, wound healing, and progression of many diseases. Our results suggest that the cytokine secretion response of macrophages to inflammatory or wound-healing stimuli was largely independent of the type of adhesion protein on which they were cultured, although laminin, Matrigel, and vitronectin promoted the expression of the pro-healing marker arginase-1. Interestingly, these matrix proteins are all prevalent in tumor environments, where pro-healing macrophages are often observed. Macrophages forced to elongate on patterned substrates of nearly all ECMs increased their expression of arginase-1. The extracellular matrix is dynamic in structure and composition during healing after injury and progression of many diseases including tissue fibrosis, cancer, or cardiovascular disease. This work may provide insight to how adhesion to different matrix environments and geometries regulates macrophages, and their impact on disease.
Emeneau, Murray Barnson (b. 1904)

Murray Barnson Emeneau (b.1904) combined a background in the classics, general linguistics, and anthropology and became one of the greatest linguistic Indologists of all time. Among his most noteworthy contributions are his work on the Indian Sprachbund, bilingualism and structural borrowing, linguistic prehistory of India, as well as Dravidian comparative linguistics and etymology. His magnum opus is the co-authored Dravidian etymological dictionary.
Caudal and epidural blocks in infants and small children: historical perspective and ultrasound-guided approaches

In infants and small children, ultrasound (US) guidance provides ample anatomical information to perform neuraxial blocks. We can measure the distance from the skin to the epidural space in the US image and can refer to it during needle insertion. We may also visualize the needle or a catheter during real-time US-guided epidural catheterization. In cases where direct needle or catheter visualization is difficult, US allows predicting successful puncture and catheterization using surrogate markers, such as dura mater displacement, epidural space widening due to drug injection, or mass movement of the drug within the caudal space. Although many experienced anesthesiologists still prefer to use conventional techniques, prospective randomized controlled trials using US guidance are providing increasing evidence of its advantages. The use of US-guided regional block will gradually become widespread in infants and children.
The Electric Field Analysis and Test Experiments of Split Type Insulator Detection Robot

The insulator strings of Extra High Voltage (EHV) and Ultra High Voltage (UHV) transmission lines are longer. It is more convenient and effective to detect insulators with robot. Currently, insulator detection robots mainly work by climbing along the insulator string, the structure is bulky and complex, and needs further improvement. Therefore, this paper proposes a split insulator detection robot which is suitable for the detection of suspended insulator string. The electric field distribution around the insulator robot is simulated and analyzed. The test experiment of 220 kV insulator string is carried out. The results indicate that the maximum electric field strength around the split type robot is 1753 kV/m. Partial discharge will not be generated. The measured potential value of the insulator detection robot is less than the original voltage distribution value of the insulator. The actual voltage distribution of insulators can be obtained by compensation and correction, then the detection of low and zero insulators is carried out.
Query-Aware User Privacy Protection for LBS over Query-Feature-based Attacks

Massive amount of queries with location data from mobile sensors, connected vehicles, and IoT devices make the Location-Based Services (LBS) pervasive. LBS service providers can provide valuable services for mobile users ranging from POI (Point-Of-Interest) discovery to local search, etc. However, user personal privacy issues mainly come from the fact that users need to send their coordinates and query interests or features to the service provider which may compromise their privacy. In this paper, we focus on a new user privacy problem from a historical query point of view, and consider query search features as new tools for attackers to possibly locate users in a specific location and/or region. We introduce a new query-feature-based inference attack with an illustration on a real-world data set. We define Indistinguishable Feature-Inferred LocationslGrids and Probabilistic k-Effectiveness to provide a strong property with differential privacy mannered guarantee. To achieve the privacy property, we design novel randomized algorithms to countermeasure the privacy attack. Based on entropy and recourse cost related metrics, simulations and analysis are performed to show the effectiveness and efficiency of our approaches.
Multi-species plasma transport in 1D direct-drive ICF simulations

A multi-species plasma ion transport model has been added to the adaptive mesh refinement radiation hydrodynamics code, xRage, to include kinetic transport effects when the particle distributions are near Maxwellian, with deviations proportional to a Knudsen number smaller than one. The model is first verified against self-similar solutions reported previously for the pressure equilibrium case, and next shown to be relatively insensitive to the choice of equation of state for the ions. Simulations are then used to examine Inertial Confinement Fusion dynamics in a 1D spherical geometry characteristic of an Omega implosion with a plastic (CH) shell containing a deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel, and with an added heavy ion impurity, argon. Even in this simplified 1D geometry, several interesting results are apparent. Ion stratification occurs similarly to that reported previously in purely kinetic simulations. The hydrogen in the plastic shell is transported radially inward, carried with the main drive shock, and thus migrates away from the C ions. The fuel D and T ions show the expected stratification with an increase in the lighter species concentration during the shock implosion and a reversal, with heavier species concentrations enhanced after shock expansion from the center. This stratification during burn yields different burn weighted ion temperatures, Ti, for the reactions, Ti[DD] < Ti[DT] < Ti[TT], consistent in their ordering with experiments. The mix widths per ion, measured where concentrations fall to 10% of their interfacial value, are evaluated as a function of time, and these are seen to be significant (of order 10 μm) even at early times, well before the main shock converges and before the shell deceleration. The 1D geometry may be a reasonable approximation for this early time mix and implies that this transport may play a role in reducing or modifying the instabilities driven by initial perturbations, ablation, and Rayleigh-Taylor unstable deceleration. An apparent depletion of the heavier ions seen at the incoming ion shock front warrants further investigation.A multi-species plasma ion transport model has been added to the adaptive mesh refinement radiation hydrodynamics code, xRage, to include kinetic transport effects when the particle distributions are near Maxwellian, with deviations proportional to a Knudsen number smaller than one. The model is first verified against self-similar solutions reported previously for the pressure equilibrium case, and next shown to be relatively insensitive to the choice of equation of state for the ions. Simulations are then used to examine Inertial Confinement Fusion dynamics in a 1D spherical geometry characteristic of an Omega implosion with a plastic (CH) shell containing a deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel, and with an added heavy ion impurity, argon. Even in this simplified 1D geometry, several interesting results are apparent. Ion stratification occurs similarly to that reported previously in purely kinetic simulations. The hydrogen in the plastic shell is transported radially inward, carried with the main drive shock, and...
Deterrence and Origin of Legal System: Evidence from 1950 - 2000

Legal systems of countries include laws, regulations and procedures that may deter acts harmful to others. Deterrence incentives created by legal systems underlie effects documented in the Law and Finance literature, which has shown that legal systems can offer protection to investors against expropriation. This protection in turn fosters the development of a country's financial markets. Incentives created by legal system can extend beyond investor protection, deterring other types of harmful acts as well. This study presents evidence on deterrence incentives in other areas, finding that fatality rates from motor vehicle accidents and from other types of accidents vary significantly across countries classified by origin of legal system. Motor vehicle accident fatality rates in countries whose legal systems are based on English Common Law generally have been lower than those in civil law countries, especially countries with legal systems based on French Civil Code or former members of the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc countries. Fatality rates from other types of accidents are lowest in common-law countries; followed by those in French, then German, then Scandinavian Civil Code countries, with the highest fatality rates occurring in former Eastern Bloc and Soviet Union countries. The pattern of motor vehicle accident fatality rates resembles patterns of corporate control values found in the Law and Finance literature, which is evidence that aspects of a country's legal system protecting investors also deter other types of possibly harmful acts. The disparity between low motor vehicle accident fatality rates and high fatality rates from other types of accidents in Scandinavian countries is more difficult to explain. Scandinavian laws targeting motor vehicle operation, especially while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, could explain their motor vehicle accident fatality rates being among the lowest in the world, while generous social insurance programs could weaken incentives normally deterring individuals from other types of dangerous behavior. Still, the disparity between fatality rates in these two categories in Scandinavian Civil Code countries is puzzling.
Cancelling eulerian graphs

If G is an (undirected) Eulerian graph, we label the edges of G and define the sign of an Eulerian path on G to be the sign of the associated permutation of the edges of the graph which is given by the Eulerian path. A path is positive if its sign is +1, negative if -1. One asks when a graph contains the same number of positive and negative Eulerian paths.
Physician Wellbeing in Changing Times

Concern over physician wellbeing has garnered national attention, and this concern extends to all frontline clinicians delivering care in a rapidly evolving healthcare system. The question arises: why now? How can an entire professional field grounded in strong values, known for commitment and hard work, and dealing successfully with a variety of stressors be experiencing high rates of suicide and burnout? The answer may lie in the very rapid evolution of the delivery system responding to calls for higher value, more transparency and efficiency, and a move toward consolidation. While these external pressures alone do not underlie the loss of the sense of wellbeing, how the healthcare system responds through its efforts to redesign the delivery system can exacerbate the sense of loss if done without regard to the professional values and ethos of those delivering care in this new system. The challenge for both healthcare leaders and physicians is to create a participatory, collaborative redesign effort that recognizes the real external pressures of limited resources, public accountability, and high-value care for patients and populations while creating an environment where deeply held professional values are respected and flourish. Without this effort, we are destined to create a healthcare system that will neither serve the best interests of patients nor those to whom we entrust their care.
Nonlinear behaviour of the Mack mode in a hypersonic boundary layer

Mack-mode waves are measured in a hypersonic boundary layer using high-frequency focusing schlieren deflectometry. Experiments are performed using a flared cone at angle of attack in the low-disturbance Mach 6 Quiet Tunnel at Texas A&M University across a free-stream unit Reynolds number range of . The high-frequency response of the measurement system allows harmonics and other nonlinear behaviour to be measured. Mack-mode waves and several harmonics are clearly observed at a frequency of . Bispectral analysis is used to show that these waves undergo several quadratic phase-coupled sum and difference interactions with themselves to produce harmonics, as well interact with a relatively low-frequency wave that results in amplitude modulation. Bispectral analysis is used to highlight these interactions.
Carrier-Free CXCR4-Targeted Nanoplexes Designed for Polarizing Macrophages to Suppress Tumor Growth

Treatment options for cancer metastases, the primary cause of cancer mortality, are limited. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is an attractive therapeutic target in cancer because it mediates metastasis by inducing cancer cell and macrophage migration. Here we engineered carrier-free CXCR4-targeting RNA-protein nanoplexes that not only inhibited cellular migration but also polarized macrophages to the M1 phenotype. A CXCR4-targeting single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody was fused to a 3030 Da RNA-binding protamine peptide (RSQSRSRYYRQRQRSRRRRRRS). Self-assembling nanoplexes were formed by mixing the CXCR4-scFv-protamine fusion protein (CXCR4-scFv-RBM) with miR-127-5p, a miRNA shown to mediate M1 macrophage polarization. RNA-protein nanoplexes were characterized with regard to their physicochemical properties and therapeutic efficacy. CXCR4-targeting RNA-protein nanoplexes simultaneously acted as a targeting ligand, a macrophage polarizing drug, and a miRNA delivery vehicle. Our carrier-free, RNA-protein nanoplexes specifically bound to CXCR4-positive macrophages and breast cancer cells, showed high drug loading (~ 90% w/w), and are non-toxic. Further, these RNA-protein nanoplexes significantly inhibited cancer and immune cell migration (75 to 99%), robustly polarized macrophages to the tumor-suppressive M1 phenotype, and inhibited tumor growth in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer We engineered a novel class of non-toxic RNA-protein nanoplexes that modulate the tumor stroma. These nanoplexes are promising candidates for add-ons to clinically approved chemotherapeutics.
The power of pharmacy leadership.

I want to begin by acknowledging the critical work that you, as members of the ASHP House of Delegates, perform for both ASHP and health-system pharmacy. As delegates, you play dual—and equally important—roles. Your work here guides the Society in its continuing efforts to positively influence
Spring flow lost: a historical and contemporary perspective of an urban fish community

Water quality and quantity within the upper San Antonio River (Bexar County, Texas) were supported historically from spring flows of the Edwards Aquifer. Since the 1700s, water quality, quantity, physical aquatic habitats, and presumably fish communities have been altered in the upper San Antonio River, including loss of spring flow and replacement of base flow by treated wastewater. The upper San Antonio river fish community provides a unique opportunity to fill a gap in knowledge on spring-associated fish responses to spring flow loss. The purpose of our study was to describe temporal changes in the upper San Antonio River fish community in relation to increased anthropogenic alterations from reported fish collections and infer from reference conditions. Comparisons with reference conditions were necessary since anthropogenic alterations occurred before the first fish collections within the basin. We found the upper San Antonio River fish community changed through time with increases in native and introduced fishes and decreases in spring-associated fish richness and relative abundances. Decreases in spring-associated fish richness and relative abundances were attributed to decreases in spring flow and to changes in water quality; however, specific mechanisms between loss of spring flow and spring-associated fishes are unknown at this time. Quantifying historical fish community changes through time in systems with a long history of urbanization is difficult, but our assessment provides a greater understanding of how spring flow loss due to increasing water demand in highly urbanized areas can alter communities with spring-associated species.
Selection of Influence? A Study of News Media’s Effects on Social Networks and Power Dynamics among Religious Group Members

This study investigates how negative news coverage about the pastor of a large Korean-American church affected the social ties and power dynamics among members of the congregation. The study adopts...
C 2 A: Crowd consensus analytics for virtual colonoscopy

We present a medical crowdsourcing visual analytics platform called C2A to visualize, classify and filter crowdsourced clinical data. More specifically, C2A is used to build consensus on a clinical diagnosis by visualizing crowd responses and filtering out anomalous activity. Crowdsourcing medical applications have recently shown promise where the non-expert users (the crowd) were able to achieve accuracy similar to the medical experts. This has the potential to reduce interpretation/reading time and possibly improve accuracy by building a consensus on the findings beforehand and letting the medical experts make the final diagnosis. In this paper, we focus on a virtual colonoscopy (VC) application with the clinical technicians as our target users, and the radiologists acting as consultants and classifying segments as benign or malignant. In particular, C2A is used to analyze and explore crowd responses on video segments, created from fly-throughs in the virtual colon. C2A provides several interactive visualization components to build crowd consensus on video segments, to detect anomalies in the crowd data and in the VC video segments, and finally, to improve the non-expert user's work quality and performance by A/B testing for the optimal crowdsourcing platform and application-specific parameters. Case studies and domain experts feedback demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework in improving workers' output quality, the potential to reduce the radiologists' interpretation time, and hence, the potential to improve the traditional clinical workflow by marking the majority of the video segments as benign based on the crowd consensus.
Transcatheter Floating Valve Syndrome in Recurrent Congenital Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Objective: Complications of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) remain underreported. We report treatment of recurrent right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction and discuss ma...
CO2 coupling reaction with methane by using trimetallic catalysts

Abstract This study evaluated the coupling reaction of CO2 with methane via trimetallic catalyst based on ZrO2/TiO2 to produce acetic acid. The catalysts were characterized by various techniques including XRD, BET for textural properties, NH3-TPD and H2-TPR. The surface acidity of trimetallic catalyst was affected by the addition of transition metal oxide of Fe, Cu and Co as well as Al oxide over Zr/Ti oxide. Additionally, incorporation of a third metal of Al and Fe into the Zr/Ti oxide catalyst led to an increase in hydrogen reduction. The methane coupling to ethane and ethylene increased as a result of the incorporation of metals into the Zr/Ti oxide catalyst in the order of Al > Co > Fe > Cu. The utilization of CO2 by insertion reaction with methane molecules proceeded through C H bond activation and C-C reaction with CO2 to produce acetic acid. The yield of acetic acid was affected by the addition of third metal oxides and the catalyst Al/Zr/Ti showed the highest activation of methane over catalyst and produced more acetic acid from C-C coupling reaction than the binary Zr/Ti oxide catalyst and other trimetallic catalysts.
Introductory programming and young learners with visual disabilities: a review

Computational Thinking (CT) captures the mental processes used to model and solve problems using a computational processes. While often connected to programming, CT is a core problem-solving skill, which has been advocated by educational researchers as a core skill, at par with reading and comprehension. A variety of learning environments have been proposed to aid young learners in acquiring knowledge of CT. The majority of such environments are highly visual, linking the process of solving a problem computationally to the process of building a graphical representation of an algorithm, e.g., in the form of a graphical jigsaw puzzle. The algorithms are often used to produce a visual output, e.g., animations. The highly visual models have been shown to be inaccessible to young learners with visual disabilities. This paper provides a review of the literature, which addresses the challenges of learning CT by young learners with visual disabilities. The survey offers also a series of recommendations on the effective design of accessible programming learning environments for young learners with visual disabilities. The paper provides an understanding of the current state of the art, along with the identification of promising directions for future research.
Cooperative Adaptive Containment Control With Parameter Convergence via Cooperative Finite-Time Excitation

This article addresses the problem of cooperative adaptive containment control for multiagent systems, which specifies the objective of jointly achieving containment control and accurate adaptive learning/identification of unknown system parameters. We consider a class of linear uncertain multiagent systems with multiple leaders subject to bounded unmeasurable inputs and multiple followers subject to unknown system dynamics. A novel cooperative adaptive containment control architecture is proposed, which consists of a discontinuous nonlinear state-feedback control law and a filter-based cooperative adaptation law. This new control architecture is compelling in the sense that exponential convergence of both containment tracking errors to zero and adaptation parameters to their true values can be achieved simultaneously under a mild cooperative finite-time excitation condition. This condition significantly relaxes existing ones (e.g., persistent excitation and finite-time excitation) for parameter identification in adaptive control systems. Effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated through both rigorous analysis and a case study.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS OF BLOOD SCREENING STUDIES FOR DETECTION OF PHENYLKETONURIA

THE American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn recently recommended that a blood test for elevated concentration of phenylalanine be performed for all newborn infants prior to discharge. As results become available from wide application of blood screening tests, a number of questions have arisen regarding the interpretation of positive findings of elevated blood phenylalanine levels. Some reports suggest that diagnosis of phenylketonuria is determined by elevation of blood phenylalanine. The conclusion may be erroneously drawn that such a finding in an infant calls for immediate treatment with a low-phenylalanine diet. There are instances in which children were fed a phenylalanine restricted diet for periods up to 18 months and subsequently were proven not to have phenylketonuria. In another study plasma phenylalanine levels up to 40 mg/100 ml in a premature infant, accompanied by elevation of tyrosine, were shown not to result from phenylketonuria. Some investigators urge that tests for urinary metabolites characteristic of phenylketonuria be a necessary part of the diagnosis, while others consider urine testing of little value. The cause for the mental defect in phenylketonuria has not been established with certainty. No satisfactory explanations have been proposed to account for the rare individuals with normal intelligence and biochemical phenylketonuria. It is not known whether elevation of phenylalanine from disorders other than phenylketonuria might result in mental impairment. We have carried on a broad-scale urinescreening program since 1958 and a bloodscreening program since 1961. At the same time we have accumulated 70 patient years of experience in treatment of phenylketonuria.
The behavioral challenge to economics: understanding normal people

This essay is about what behavioral economics has established, what the new research frontiers are, and what can be said about welfare and consequently about policy.
Celestial Integration, Stringy Invariants, and Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson Classes

We introduce a formal integral on the system of varieties mapping properly and birationally to a given one, with value in an associated Chow group. Applications include comparisons of Chern numbers of birational varieties, new birational invariants, ‘stringy’ Chern classes, and a ‘celestial’ zeta function specializing to the topological zeta function.
Solubilities of CH3C(O)O2NO2 and HO2NO2 in water and liquid H2SO4

In this paper we analyze literature values of the Henry's law constants of peroxyacetyl nitrate (CH3C(O)O2NO2, PAN) and peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2) in water and liquid sulfuric acid, and derive correlative expressions to predict the solubilities of PAN and HO2NO2 in liquid H2SO4 over a wide range of temperature and acidic composition. To a first-order approximation, the results indicate that the Henry's law constants (in units of mol kg−1 atm−1) are ln(H) = 1.07 - mH2SO4 × (0.69 - 152/T) - 5810 × (1/T0 - 1/T) for PAN and ln(H) = 3.69 - mH2SO4 × (− 0.25 + 65/T) - 8400 × (1/T0 - 1/T) for HO2NO2 where mH2SO4 is the molality of sulfuric acid, T is the temperature of solutions, and T0 = 298.15 K. The activity coefficients of PAN and HO2NO2 in aqueous H2SO4 are found to have a simple relationship with the molality of H2SO4.
Violence and Affray in Herefordshire During the Early Tudor Period (1485-1547)

The traditional view of the Welsh Marches as being lawless lands inhabited by culturally degenerate people fits uneasily with the picture provided by legal records concerning early Tudor Herefordshire. Analysis of legal documents about violence in Herefordshire between 1485-1547 drawn from a variety of courts (village courts, city courts, county court, the court of King’s Bench, the Star Chamber, ecclesiastical courts) reveals fascinating insights into socio-economic and gender regulation within the county. Motives for violence in early Tudor Herefordshire, like violence perpetrated in lowland England, revolved around five general areas which often overlapped: land, money, honour, reputation and grudges.
Biochemical characterization of the interaction between HspA1A and phospholipids

Seventy-kilodalton heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) are molecular chaperones essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Apart from their indispensable roles in protein homeostasis, specific Hsp70s localize at the plasma membrane and bind to specific lipids. The interaction of Hsp70s with lipids has direct physiological outcomes including lysosomal rescue, microautophagy, and promotion of cell apoptosis. Despite these essential functions, the Hsp70-lipid interactions remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we characterized the interaction of HspA1A, an inducible Hsp70, with five phospholipids. We first used high concentrations of potassium and established that HspA1A embeds in membranes when bound to all anionic lipids tested. Furthermore, we found that protein insertion is enhanced by increasing the saturation level of the lipids. Next, we determined that the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the protein binds to lipids quantitatively more than the substrate-binding domain (SBD). However, for all lipids tested, the full-length protein is necessary for embedding. We also used calcium and reaction buffers equilibrated at different pH values and determined that electrostatic interactions alone may not fully explain the association of HspA1A with lipids. We then determined that lipid binding is inhibited by nucleotide-binding, but it is unaffected by protein-substrate binding. These results suggest that the HspA1A lipid-association is specific, depends on the physicochemical properties of the lipid, and is mediated by multiple molecular forces. These mechanistic details of the Hsp70-lipid interactions establish a framework of possible physiological functions as they relate to chaperone regulation and localization.
Baaz: a system for detecting access control misconfigurations

Maintaining correct access control to shared resources such as file servers, wikis, and databases is an important part of enterprise network management. A combination of many factors, including high rates of churn in organizational roles, policy changes, and dynamic information-sharing scenarios, can trigger frequent updates to user permissions, leading to potential inconsistencies. With Baaz, we present a distributed system that monitors updates to access control metadata, analyzes this information to alert administrators about potential security and accessibility issues, and recommends suitable changes. Baaz detects misconfigurations that manifest as small inconsistencies in user permissions that are different from what their peers are entitled to, and prevents integrity and confidentiality vulnerabilities that could lead to insider attacks. In a deployment of our system on an organizational file server that stored confidential data, we found 10 high level security issues that impacted 1639 out of 105682 directories. These were promptly rectified.
Approximation Algorithm for a Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem

This article addresses a fundamental path planning problem which aims to route a collection of heterogeneous vehicles such that each target location is visited by some vehicle and the sum of the travel costs of the vehicles is minimal. Vehicles are heterogeneous as the cost of traveling between any two locations depends on the type of the vehicle. Algorithms are developed for this path planning problem with bounds on the quality of the solutions produced by the algorithms. Computational results show that high quality solutions can be obtained for the path planning problem involving four vehicles and 40 targets using the proposed approach.
Case 116: lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

History : A 49-year-old premenopausal woman presented with acute onset of lower abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed her abdomen was distended and nontender. Her white blood cell count and serum markers for ovarian cancer were normal (α-fetoprotein level, 1,6) μg/L; Ca-125 level, 15U/mL; β-human chorionic gonadotrophin level < 2 IU/mL). She had no important medical history; in in particular, she had no history of malignancy. She denied having any chest symptoms; in particular, she denied experiencing chest pain, cough, or dyspnea. She had stopped smoking at the age of 40 years after having smoked for a total of 20 pack-years. A computed tomographic (CT) examination of the abdomen and pelvis was performed. Helical CT was performed with 150 mL of intravenous contrast material (iohexol, Omnipaque; Amersham Healthcare, Cork, Ireland) and 750 mL of oral contrast material (diatrizoate sodium, Hypaque; Amersham Health, Princeton, NJ). CT sections were 5 mm thick and were acquired from the top of the diaphragm through the ischial tuberosities with a rotation time of 13.5 seconds per rotation and use of a LightSpeed 16 CT scanner (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wis).