cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Elusive Data on Supermax Confinement

This exploratory research examines supermax confinement in the United States. An examination of counts of supermax institutions and inmates from 2001-2004 produced by the American Correctional Association and an examination of Criminal Justice Institute data found that different procedures made it difficult to compare numbers across states. Certain states produced incorrect figures about the number of supermax prisons and inmates because of reporting and/or recording errors. This study found, in short, that disagreements about definitions, changing policies and court decisions, reporting and recording errors, and different counting procedures have led to a lack of reliable and valid data on supermax issues. These findings indicate that researchers attempting to examine, or collect data on, supermax issues on the macrolevel (e.g., across states) face important difficulties. This article accounts for this confusion, discusses policy implications that may result from this confusion, and concludes with sugges...
Intimate partner violence and its resolution among African American women

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant problem that is difficult to overcome within African American communities. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative systematic review was to synthesize isolated qualitative findings relating to IPV among African American women to make them more meaningful and generalizable. A framework of IPV among African American women resulted from this work, and key elements include the following: ubiquitous and perpetual oppression and abuse contribute to the emergence of IPV, and personal and interpersonal forms of inspiration and support are generally inadequate to prevent or resolve it. Moreover, ambivalence of others, fear, mental health problems, and negative perceptions of helping services are barriers to change. Resolution of IPV is an emergent process that is enhanced by holistic Afrocentric services. Outcomes are safety with strings attached and personal growth for mothers and children. Research hypotheses are inferred from this framework along with implications for clinical practice.
The Yin and Yang of HLA and KIR in human disease.

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and the KIR gene complex is polygenic with varying numbers of inhibitory and activating receptors. HLA class I molecules serve as ligands for the KIR. Interactions of the independently segregating KIR and HLA loci are important for recognition of targets by NK cells as well as NK cell ‘licensing’. Several disease association studies indicate a role for interactions between these loci in infectious diseases, autoimmune/inflammatory disorders, cancer and reproduction. Emerging functional data supports a mechanism based on a continuum of inhibition to activation through various compound KIR–HLA genotypes in diseases.
Error analysis of robust optical flow estimation by least median of squares methods for the varying illumination model

The apparent pixel motion in an image sequence, called optical flow, is a useful primitive for automatic scene analysis and various other applications of computer vision. In general, however, the optical flow estimation suffers from two significant problems: the problem of illumination that varies with time and the problem of motion discontinuities induced by objects moving with respect to either other objects or with respect to the background. Various integrated approaches for solving these two problems simultaneously have been proposed. Of these, those that are based on the LMedS (least median of squares) appear to be the most robust. The goal of this paper is to carry out an error analysis of two different LMedS-based approaches, one based on the standard LMedS regression and the other using a modification thereof as proposed by us recently. While it is to be expected that the estimation accuracy of any approach would decrease with increasing levels of noise, for LMedS-like methods, it is not always clear as to how much of that decrease in performance can be attributed to the fact that only a small number of randomly selected samples is used for forming temporary solutions. To answer this question, our study here includes a baseline implementation in which all of the image data is used for forming motion estimates. We then compare the estimation errors of the two LMedS-based methods with the baseline implementation. Our error analysis demonstrates that, for the case of Gaussian noise, our modified LMedS approach yields better estimates at moderate levels of noise, but is outperformed by the standard LMedS method as the level of noise increases. For the case of salt-and-pepper noise, the modified LMedS method consistently performs better than the standard LMedS method
Light- and flotsam-dependent 'float-and-wait' foraging by pelagic sea snakes (Pelamis platurus)

Efficient detection of food patches in oceanic areas by pelagic predators is often linked to large-scale physical structures (e.g. fronts, upwellings) that are usually rich and predictable. At smaller scales, however, predictability of resource becomes less clear because of the lability of smaller physical structures such as slicks and drift lines. Here, we explore how light levels and quantity of flotsam affect the occurrence of foraging Yellow-bellied sea snakes (Pelamis platurus) on slicks. Although this pelagic species was formerly hypothesised to surface randomly and drift passively to reach slicks, our results show that foraging snakes are far more abundant on slicks if light levels are high and if slicks display flotsam. The combination of both light and flotsam should enhance the contrast between a potentially favourable slick and the adjacent waters as seen from an underwater viewpoint. Although our results do not unambiguously demonstrate the ability of Pelamis platurus to visually detect surface drift lines, they clearly suggest a role of both light levels and amount of flotsam on surfacing decision. Accordingly, this hypothesis is supported by several complementary traits that are specific to this species. ‘Float-and-wait’ foraging undoubtedly requires efficient detection of, and orientation to, oceanic slicks—processes that are likely less random and passive than formerly believed. Successful pelagic foraging is no doubt important to this species of sea snake that is the world’s most widely distributed snake species.
Preventing Lithography-Induced Maverick Yield Events With A Dispense System Advanced Equipment Control Method

As semiconductor manufacturers march to the drum beat of Moore's law there is very little room for yield mavericks, especially those that can be prevented. Critical process errors are costly and photolithography is one of the few processes in semiconductor manufacturing where there is an opportunity to correct errors. Small changes in photo resist dispensed volume may have severe impact on film thickness uniformity and can ultimately affect patterning. It is important to monitor photo-dispense conditions to detect real-time events that may have a direct negative impact on process yield and be able to react to these events as quickly as possible. This paper presents an evaluation of the IntelliGenreg Mini, a photo resist dispense system manufactured by Entegris, Inc. This system utilizes advanced equipment control software, known as dispense confirmation, to detect variations in photo dispense. These variations, caused by bubbles in the dispense line, valve errors, and accidentally changed chemistries can all create maverick yield events that can go undetected until metrology, defect inspection, or wafer final test. The ability of an advanced dispense system to detect events and create alerts is a very powerful tool, but it can be most effective when that information is collected and analyzed by an automated system. In a modern fabricator this is most likely a statistical process control chart that is monitoring a track's progress and is ready to stop the track when a maverick event occurs or alert personnel to trends they may not otherwise catch with other inline metrology data. Dispense confirmation, when combined with networking capabilities, can meet this need. After a brief description of the pump, data from simulated yield-affecting events will be examined to evaluate the IntelliGenreg Mini's ability to detect them. This discussion will conclude with a brief analysis of the ultimate time and cost savings of utilizing dispense confirmation with networking capabilities to detect and eliminate poorly coated wafers.
Joyce’s Argument for Probabilism

James Joyce’s ‘Nonpragmatic Vindication of Probabilism’ gives a new argument for the conclusion that a person’s credences ought to satisfy the laws of probability. The premises of Joyce’s argument include six axioms about what counts as an adequate measure of the distance of a credence function from the truth. This paper shows that (a) Joyce’s argument for one of these axioms is invalid, (b) his argument for another axiom has a false premise, (c) neither axiom is plausible, and (d) without these implausible axioms Joyce’s vindication of probabilism fails.
Thoracic temperatures of butterflies in the field near the equator

Abstract 1. 1. Behavior patterns and thoracic temperatures of butterflies from four species inhabiting the lowlands of New Guinea were observed in sunshine and shade. Two of these species, Precis villida and Mycalesis elia , exhibited thermoregulatory behavior. 2. 2. Thoracic temperature in dead butterflies, and those rendered incapable of movement, rose to 44–52°C in about a minute in direct mid-day sunshine when convection was minimized. Nevertheless, P. villida remained in sunshine at mid-day, even at 33°C where thoracic temperature usually remained 3. 3. Light, darkly pigmented and black butterflies were all highly reflective in the near infra-red. 4. 4. The role of the wings is discussed with regard to thermoregulation and energy balance.
Mislocalized scaffolding by the Na-H exchanger NHE1 dominantly inhibits fibronectin production and TGF-β activation

Secretion and assembly of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin regulates a number of normal cell and tissue functions and is dysregulated in disease states such as fibrosis, diabetes, and c...
Comparative Gender and Policy Projects in Europe: Current Trends in Theory, Method and Research

This paper examines nine cross-national research projects on gender and policy in Europe at different stages of completion. In the first part of the paper, the infrastructure, analytical foci, methodological approach theoretical framework and policy relevance are examined for each project. General research findings are presented in cases where projects have been completed. In the second part of the paper, a composite profile is presented from the European-based projects across seven shared features with an eye toward identifying current trends in feminist comparative policy as a field of study.
Polymerization of olefins through heterogeneous catalysis. XVII. Experimental study and model interpretation of some aspects of olefin polymerization over a TiCl4/MgCl2 catalyst

Using a high-activity MgCl 2 -supported TiC1 4 catalyst, kinetic studies of ethylene and propylene polymerization are conducted in a semi-batch gas phase stirred-bed reactor system. Based on the experimental observations obtained from this study and others in the literature, simple kinetic mechanisms are proposed to explain the data. This model considers both the site formation from the interaction of catalyst and cocatalyst as well as the participation of monomers during site activation. By using this model together with parameters estimated from various sources, some aspects of kinetic behavior have been successfully predicted. These include the rate enhancement introduced by α-olefins, the effect of the Al/Ti ratio on kinetic features such as catalyst activity and decay rate, as well as the different reaction orders observed for various monomers.
Recall After a Short Delay and Acquisition in Learning Disabled and Nondisabled Children

In Experiment 1, serial recall of supraspan digit sequences after a short delay and acquisition of a repeated digit sequence were compared in learning disabled and nondisabled children. The results showed that short-term recall and acquisition rate were lower in learning disabled than in nondisabled children, and shortterm recall and acquisition rate were positively correlated. In Experiment 2, serial recall of supraspan color sequences and acquisition of this type of information were compared in learning disabled and nondisabled children. Shortterm recall and acquisition rate were positively correlated. In Experiment 3, the sequence length presented to each child exceeded the number that each child could recall perfectly after a short delay. Results of this experiment showed that acquisition in learning disabled and nondisabled children was more similar than when all children acquired the same amount of information. The present findings are consistent with previous suggestions that those processes such a...
Lab-on-CMOS: Integrating microfluidics and electrochemical sensor on CMOS

This paper introduces an integration process capable of merging an electrochemical CMOS chip with a microfluidic structure to bring the performance benefits of on-CMOS sensors to lab-on-chip platforms. This new approach embeds a CMOS die into a carrier chip and provides a planar surface that supports complex microfluidic channels beyond the dimensions of a tiny CMOS die. The process provides a smooth surface suitable for patterning interconnects to reliably route chip pads to the edge of the carrier and for forming microfluidic mixers with detection channels that cross over the CMOS chip. This lab-on-CMOS process achieves high packing density and is suitable for batch production, opening new opportunities for next generation lab-on-chip devices.
Impact of position sensor accuracy on the performance of propulsion IPM drives

This paper addresses the influence of rotor position sensor accuracy on the performance of the Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motor drives used for automotive propulsion application. Analytical equations for the torque production in IPM machines show that the machine output torque drops sharply with angle error at high operating speeds. This also shows the need for rotor position feedback with high accuracy and resolution, especially for operation in the flux weakening region. Finite element analysis was performed to substantiate this conclusion and also to estimate the torque and power degradation due to the position sensor error. The torque/speed curves on an experimental drive system was measured on the dyno to corroborate the analytical and simulation results. The dynamic angle error of a typical high resolution/accuracy sensor was measured on the test bench at various operating speeds and temperatures and the measured data was used for computing the impact of angle error on the torque ripple. The details of these results are presented in the paper.
A Comparison of Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation Methods for Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cell Vehicles: Hydrogen Yield and Ammonia Formation and Its Removal

Current promising methods to release hydrogen from ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB; 19.6 wt % H2) including neat thermolysis, thermolysis in ionic liquid bmimCl with or without proton sponge, thermolysis with nano-BN and hydrothermolysis, were investigated for hydrogen yield and ammonia formation. It was found that even trace moisture influences AB dehydrogenation significantly. The hydrothermolysis at 85 °C (13.5 wt % H2, 1 mol % NH3) and thermolysis in bmimCl with 3 wt % moisture at 110 °C (13 wt % H2, 0.2 mol % NH3) methods were found to be the most promising. Since the target for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is an ammonia concentration less than 0.1 ppm, different purification methods were evaluated. Using experiments and simulations, the proposed ammonia removal method, involving absorption in water followed by adsorption on carbon, was optimized and tested. This study demonstrates that, with high hydrogen yield and an effective method to remove ammonia and borazine, AB dehydrogenation is an...
N-Nitrosamines and halogenated disinfection byproducts in U.S. Full Advanced Treatment trains for potable reuse

Abstract Water utilities are increasingly considering indirect and direct potable reuse of municipal wastewater effluents. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs), particularly N-nitrosamines, are key contaminants of potential health concern for potable reuse. This study quantified the concentrations of N-nitrosamines and a suite of regulated and unregulated halogenated DBPs across five U.S. potable reuse Full Advanced Treatment trains incorporating microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and UV-based advanced oxidation. Low μg/L concentrations of trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, dichloroacetonitrile, and dichloroacetamide were detected in the secondary or tertiary wastewater effluents serving as influents to potable reuse treatment trains, while the concentrations of N-nitrosamines were more variable (e.g.,
An Unusual Cause of Acute Liver Failure: Three Cases of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Presenting at a Transplant Center

Acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare life-threatening disorder of the immune system. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis has been associated with infections, autoimmune disorders, and malignancy. This case series describes three patients admitted to an academic liver transplant center from February 2014 to February 2015 with acute liver failure (ALF) who were ultimately diagnosed with HLH. All cases were female patients (44 to 53 years of age) transferred for workup of ALF. All developed fevers and cytopenias and underwent rapid evaluation for liver transplant by a multidisciplinary team. A complete workup for ALF was negative for intrinsic liver disease and none had significant alcohol or toxin exposure. The patients had liver biopsies showing diffuse lobular necroinflammation, of which two had evidence of hemophagocytosis on histopathology. The diagnosis of HLH was made by bone marrow biopsy featuring histiocytes with hemophagocytosis. All cases were treated with chemotherapy, but died during their hospitalization. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis can present as ALF in adult patients. Given the low success rate of treatment, early diagnosis is critical. Therefore, a high degree of suspicion should be exercised in patients with unexplained ALF.
A demonstration of photosynthetic state transitions in nature : Shading by photosynthetic tissue causes conversion to state 1.

Photosynthetic state transitions occurring in nature are demonstrated. Chenopodium album leaves converted to state 1 and Ailanthus altissima leaves converted to an intermediate position between state 2 and state 1 at a time of day when these leaves were shaded by the canopy on a sunny day, while both plants' leaves were in state 2 at a time of day when they were not shaded. Filtering of white light by flasks of green algae also converted the light from causing state 2 in Chlorella vulgaris to causing state 1. Thus, light absorption by photosynthetic tissue can convert the natural light environment to one that causes state 1 in green plants.
Relationship between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Iodine Intake of Children

Objective To investigate the relations between subclinical hypothyroidism and urine iodine of children,and to explore the evidence of individual iodine supplement.Methods In this study, 105 children with subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) were as the research objects,who came from the Endocrinology department of Zhengzhou Children's Hospital from July 2009 to February 2011.210 cases were enrolled into the normal group according to 1:2 pacthed.All of the patients were resarched by thyroid autivity method and fasting indine intabe of morning.Results The cases of high urinary iodine in SCH group were more than the normal group(P0.01 ).The median iodine concentration in urine was 389.38 ug·L~(-1),198.52 ug·L~(-1) in the SCH group and the normal group respectively.After three months with dietary interventions and thyroxin treatment,most of cases in SCH group were normal urine iodine and normal thyroid function.Conclusion Excessive iodine intake may be the important reaseason for subclinical hypothyroidism in children.Hence it appears tobe reasonable that urine iodine should be conducted by a route detection in children.
Prostatic Biopsy in selected Patients with Carcinoma in Situ of the Bladder: Preliminary Report

AbstractTransitional cell carcinoma was found in biopsies of grossly normal-appearing prostates in 4 of 40 patients with recurrent carcinoma in situ of the bladder. In selected patients prostatic biopsy may be warranted if conservative therapy does not control the bladder tumors and if cystectomy is contemplated.
Differential ergoline and ergopeptine binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptors: ergolines require an aromatic residue at position 340 for high affinity binding.

In this paper we show that a highly conserved aromatic residue, phenylalanine at the 340-position, is essential for ergoline binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptors. We hypothesized that F340 was essential for a specific aromatic-aromatic interaction (e.g., pi-pi or hydrophobic) between the phenyl moiety of F340 and the aromatic ring of the ergoline nucleus. To test this hypothesis, eight point mutations of adjacent (F340 and F339) and nonadjacent (F125) phenylanaines were made, using conservative (phenylalanine to tyrosine) and nonconservative (phenylalanine to leucine, alanine, or serine) substitutions. The binding affinities of all of the tested simple ergolines were greatly reduced by specific mutations of F340 in which aromatic-aromatic interactions (e.g., F340A and F340L) were abolished, but they were unaffected when the replacement residue was aromatic (e.g., F340Y). In contrast, the binding affinities of four ergopeptines (bromocryptine, ergocryptine, ergocornine, and ergotamine) were relatively unaffected by the F340L substitution. Neither ergoline nor ergopeptine affinities were consistently altered by F339 mutations. These results support the notion that aromatic-aromatic interactions (either pi-pi of hydrophobic) with F340 are essential for the binding of simple ergolines but not ergopeptines to 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptors. Our findings support models of ergoline and ergopeptine binding to serotonin receptors that suggest that the nature of the substituent at the 8-position of the ergoline nucleus may give rise to different modes of binding for the two classes of agents, particularly with respect to the phenyl ring of F340.
Sterilization efficacy of a forced-air, dry heat sterilizer.

Purpose To evaluate forced-air, dry heat sterilizer and test its ability to kill spores of Bacillus subtilis during both available cycles using packaged and unpackaged instruments. Materials and methods A standard set of six orthodontic instruments were processed unpackaged through replicate 6-minute cycles with spore-strips on the top and bottom of each instrument. The spore strips were analyzed by culturing in Trypticase-soy broth for 7 days at 37 degrees C. Results No sterilization failures from properly placed spore-strips were detected in any of the 18 replicate cycles. Measurements of temperatures at three chamber sites during these cycles yielded only two of 36 instances when any portion of the chamber was at a temperature below the set temperature; however, no sterilization failures occurred during either of the two cycles involved. Also, a set of four orthodontic pliers were packaged and processed through replicate 12-minute cycles with spore-strips placed inside and attached to the outside of each package. None of the total 144 spore-strips processed through six replicate cycles showed growth after culture analysis. The study demonstrated sterilization efficacy for both the wrapped and unwrapped instrument cycles using biological indicators typically used to monitor dental office sterilizers.
Three-Dimensional CFD Analysis of Hydrodynamics and Concentration Polarization in an Industrial RO Feed Channel

Abstract Hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics in an industrial spiral wound reverse osmosis (RO) feed channel under typical plant operating conditions are investigated using fully-coupled three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations with a detailed spacer geometry. The pressure drop vs average longitudinal velocity can be approximated by Δ P c ∝ ū 1.67 and the trend matches an empirical correlation previously derived from plant data. Substantial wall-parallel velocity near the membrane surface is observed, which suppresses boundary layer development. Rolling cells are formed in the center of the feed channel, which promote transverse mixing. Different from concentration polarization phenomenon in unobstructed flat channels, concentrated islands are isolated in regions near spacer filaments where flow is relatively stagnant. The local mass transfer coefficient km oscillates longitudinally but the cell-average k ¯ m appears fairly constant in cells adjacent to each other. It is shown that k ¯ m ∝ ū 0.40 under typical plant operating conditions. A one-dimensional system-level model incorporating the CFD results is developed and validated by plant trial data under various operating conditions, yielding a slight improvement in accuracy as compared to the author's previously published empirical model.
Vilification of Identity and the Exilic Narrative: The Illustrated Pied Piper Story

AbstractIn the life time of the species and in the course of individual biographies, human beings build well-defined worlds of meaning by which to organize and interpret experience. There is perhaps no greater demonstration of this world-building process than that carried out through the verbal and visual activity of story telling.This paper, traces the visible footsteps of one story in particular, “The Pied Piper of Hamelin.” First, it presents the origins of its dominant symbols in the visual culture of the community where it is initially told. Second, it shows how illustrated folktales like this one remain a significant aspect of what is called the visual socialization of children. Historically and cross-culturally, norms of meaning and visual meaning groups use to make sense of hu experience are transmitted to children in this way, as they begin their own world-building process.This paper situates The Pied Piper story as an exilic narrative, part of a larger repertoire of stories that follow the roman...
Posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence: Epidemiology and order of onset.

Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence (AD) frequently co-occur; however, epidemiologic studies of temporal associations between PTSD and AD are limited. The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the bidirectional associations between PTSD and AD and (b) to examine demographic and clinical correlates of order-of-onset among individuals with PTSD and AD. Method Participants were 11,103 adults (60.6% women; Mage = 48.7 years, SD = 15.9) from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions who endorsed lifetime alcohol consumption and DSM-IV PTSD Criterion A trauma exposure (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent covariates were used to evaluate bidirectional associations between PTSD and AD. Sex differences were assessed using stratified analyses. Results After adjusting for demographic, trauma, and alcohol characteristics, PTSD was associated with greater likelihood of subsequent AD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.359, 95% CI = 1.357-1.362), and AD was associated with greater likelihood of subsequent PTSD (HR = 1.274, 95% CI = 1.271-1.277). Bidirectional associations between PTSD and AD were stronger for women compared with men. Among individuals with PTSD and AD, initial onset of PTSD was associated with younger age of first potentially traumatic event. Initial onset of AD was associated with earlier initiation of alcohol use, earlier onset of heavy alcohol use, family history of alcohol problems, and history of generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder for women but not men. Initial AD was associated with lifetime panic disorder for men and women. Conclusions Etiology of PTSD and AD is heterogeneous, and order of onset may reflect differing risk pathways. (PsycINFO Database Record
Carbamazepine Rash and Prednisone

The use of prednisone in the treatment of carbamazepine-induced rash in 20 patients is reported from the Divisions of Neurology and Allergy and Immunology, Danbury Hospital, Danbury, CT.
Normal values of left atrial volume in pediatric age group using a validated allometric model.

Background— Left atrial volume (LAV) increase is an indicator of diastolic dysfunction and a surrogate marker of significant left to right shunts. Normalization of LAV is currently performed by indexing to body surface area[1][1] (BSA[1][1]). The indexed LAV thus derived does not account for the nonlinear relationship of physiologic variables to BSA and has not been tested for independence to body size. Our objective was to identify a valid allometric model for indexing LAV and use it to develop Z-scores in children. Methods and Results— LAV was measured in 300 normal subjects by echocardiography using the biplane area length method. LAV/BSA1 had a residual relationship to BSA (r=0.52, P 1 m2, respectively, and was validated against an independent sample. The mean indexed LAV±SD for BSA≤1 m2 and >1 m2 is 31.5±5.5 mL and 26.0±4.2 mL, respectively, and was used to derive Z-scores. Conclusions— This study demonstrates the fallacy of using “per-BSA1 standards” for normalization of LAV in pediatrics. LAV/BSA1.48 for children with BSA≤1 m2 and LAV/BSA1.08 for those with BSA>1 m2 is accurate and can be used to derive Z-scores. [1]: #ref-1
A randomized controlled trial of a web-based, personalized normative feedback alcohol intervention for young-adult veterans.

OBJECTIVE: Young-adult American veterans are at risk for problematic alcohol use. However, they are unlikely to seek care and may drop out from lengthy, multicomponent treatments when they do get care. This randomized controlled trial tested a very brief alcohol intervention delivered over the Internet to reach the population of young-adult veterans to help reduce their drinking. METHOD: Veterans (N = 784) were recruited from Facebook and randomized to either a control condition or a personalized normative feedback (PNF) intervention seeking to correct drinking perceptions of gender-specific veteran peers. RESULTS: At immediate postintervention, PNF participants reported greater reductions in their perceptions of peer drinking and intentions to drink over the next month, compared with control participants. At 1-month follow-up, PNF participants reduced their drinking behavior and related consequences to a significantly greater extent than controls. Specifically, PNF participants drank 3.4 fewer drinks per week, consumed 0.4 fewer drinks per occasion, binge drank on 1.0 fewer days, and experienced about 1.0 fewer consequences than control participants in the month after the intervention. Intervention effects for drinks per occasion were most pronounced among more problematic drinkers. Changes in perceived norms from baseline to 1-month follow-up mediated intervention efficacy. CONCLUSION: Though effects were assessed after only 1 month, findings have potential to inform broader, population-level programs designed for young veterans to prevent escalation of drinking and development of long-term alcohol problems. Given the simplicity of the PNF approach and ease of administration, this intervention has the potential for a substantial impact on public health. (PsycINFO Database Record(c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF STORM WATER RUNOFF

A computer program has been developed that eliminates most of the intuition or experience required in calculating stormwater runoff by the classical rational method. The program gives an approximate solution of the partial differential flow equation over the area. The area considered is divided into a grid of squares with the elevation and soil condition (flow coefficient, initial surface retention, infiltration rate) tabulated for each grid element; often all these may be considered constant except elevation. Typical rainfall data are entered, and the program gives the runoff into drainage lines as a function of time. Depth of water standing in the area is also computed. Copies of the program are available to those interested.
The regulatory 1α subunit of protein kinase A modulates renal cystogenesis

The failure of the polycystins (PCs) to function in primary cilia is thought to be responsible for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Primary cilia integrate multiple cellular si...
Survey of the plant-available silicon status of agricultural soils in Louisiana

Adequate silicon nutrition in plants has shown positive effects on the growth and yield of the crop and physico-chemical properties of the soil. Hence, this study was initiated to survey the plant-...
Abstract 1949: Salvage pathway enzyme HPRT as a molecular marker for Burkitt’s Lymphoma

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) as a surface biomarker and target for future immunotherapies in Burkitt’s B-cell Lymphoma. B-cell malignancies are the most common type of childhood cancer. Development of immunotherapies could improve current treatment. HPRT is a cytosolic transferase involved in nucleotide production via the purine salvage pathway. Altered expression of TK1, a salvage pathway enzyme, is an indicator of prognosis and diagnosis in multiple cancer types due to active proliferation of cells and the resulting elevated nucleotide demand. It has previously been reported that some salvage pathway enzymes are found on the surface of Burkitt’s Lymphoma cells. HPRT presence on the surface of this B-cell lymphoma subtype could provide a target for adoptive cell transfer and other immunotherapies. The potential surface presentation of HPRT was assessed using flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cytoplasmic staining on both healthy lymphocytes and Burkitt’s Lymphoma cells (Raji). Flow cytometry experiments with HPRT antibodies and fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies show that Raji cells exhibit an 81.4% (p-value .0001) positive fluorescence shift when compared to IgG controls (1.5%). Healthy lymphocytes had a fluorescence shift of 2.38% (p-value .9787). The presence of HPRT on the surface of both Raji cells and healthy lymphocytes was further confirmed using gold-labeled antibodies. Utilizing a scanning electron microscope, the presence of the protein on the surface was evaluated and quantified via increases in gold weight percentage of the sample. When treated with antibodies against HPRT, there was a significant increase in gold binding along with an increase in gold weight percentage. These results suggest a direct relationship between HPRT and the surface of Burkitt’s lymphoma cells, indicating HPRT as a potential target for future immunotherapeutic treatment in Burkitt’s B-cell lymphoma pediatric patients. Citation Format: Michelle H. Townsend, John Ellis Lattin, Michael D. Anderson, Abigail Felsted, Edwin Velazquez, Evita Weagel, Richard Robison, Kim L. O9Neill. Salvage pathway enzyme HPRT as a molecular marker for Burkitt’s Lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1949. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1949
Farm business and operator variables associated with bulk tank somatic cell count from dairy herds in the southeastern United States.

ABSTRACT Mastitis is a worldwide problem in dairy cows and results in reduced milk production, the culling of cows, and other economic losses. Bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) over 200,000 cells/mL often indicates underlying subclinical mastitis in dairy herds. Several preventative measures that can be implemented to help improve the incidence of mastitis exist, but surveys find these practices not fully adopted by producers. The goal of this research was to analyze the farm and operator characteristics associated with BTSCC in dairy herds by analyzing a survey of dairy producers in the southeastern United States. We examined this region because it has experienced a decline in the number of dairy farms, dairy cows, and milk production over the past 2 decades. The southeast region is also associated with higher BTSCC levels than the national average. Dairy farms in Georgia, Mississippi, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia were surveyed. Producers were asked questions about the BTSCC at which they take action to address BTSCC, the information sources they use to learn about and manage BTSCC, farm structure and management characteristics, and attitudinal variables associated with profitability, managerial control, and planning horizon. Least squares regression was used to determine how these factors were associated with BTSCC levels across the 7-state region. Concern over mastitis, financial consequences of mastitis, and increased previous-year BTSCC were associated with higher current BTSCC levels. Obtaining information about mastitis from veterinarians and extension personnel, taking action against mastitis at a BTSCC less than 300,000 cells/mL, and perceived ability to control processes and mastitis incidence were associated with reduced BTSCC. We found average BTSCC was lower in North Carolina and Virginia. These results suggest that proactive producers (i.e., those that perceive they can control BTSCC and seek information from reliable sources), were more likely to report lower BTSCC. As a result, it may be possible to achieve improved milk quality, evident from lowered BTSCC, across the region.
Efficient grounding of abstract spatial concepts for natural language interaction with robot platforms

Our goal is to develop models that allow a robot to efficiently understand or “ground” natural language instructions in the context of its world representation. Contemporary approaches estimate cor...
Oxygen Binding by the Metalloproteins Hemerythrin, Hemocyanin, and Hemoglobin

Respiring organisms have evolved three principal oxygen transport proteins, hemoglobins, hemerythrins, and hemocyanins, that possess radically different polypeptide structures, subunit aggregates, and active site structures. Hemoglobins are by far the most widespread, occurring in all mammals and vertebrates, many invertebrates, selected eukaryotic microorganisms, and even some leguminous plants. Hemoglobins are largely tetrameric proteins consisting of α2β2 subunits each of molecular weight ≅ 16,000; however, some invertebrate hemoglobins consist of huge aggregates with molecular weights into the millions. Vertebrate muscle tissue also contains a monomeric oxygen storage/transport protein, myoglobin, that is very similar to a hemoglobin monomer. Hemoglobin and myoglobin contain a “heme” prosthetic group: an iron complex of a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole, such as protoporphyrin IX. Crystal structures of these proteins in various states of ligation have been reported and form a thorough basis for the elucidation of oxygen coordination, protein allosteric control, cooperativity of oxygen binding, and macromolecular assembly [1].
Mentor Programming for At-Risk Youth

Mentor–protege relationships have existed throughout history in politics, music, business, and entertainment—Aristotle mentored Alexander the Great, Bach was a mentor to Mozart, Richard Branson was a protege of Freddie Laker, Sir Anthony Hopkins was mentored by Sir Laurence Olivier, and Harry Potter had his Dumbledore. The origin of the term for sage advisor has been traced to the period when Odysseus left his son, Telemachus, under the care of his wise friend, Mentor, when he departed for the Trojan War (Lytle 2009). Mentors are trusted friends, counselors, or teachers, acting as positive role models, who share their knowledge with a younger, less experienced person. Modern mentoring programs have strong face validity—they seem like they should work, instinctually we believe they can work, and, furthermore, we want them to work (Roberts et al. 2004). Mentoring is said to be one of the most popular social interventions in American society (Rhodes and DuBois 2008), and there exists a “good news only” mindset within the media that tends to undercut the impact of any legitimate empirical findings (Rhodes and Lowe 2008). The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) supports mentoring as an effective way to prevent at-risk youth from becoming involved in delinquency (http://www.ojjdp.gov/). An estimated three million youth are in individual mentoring relationships in the U.S. In the twenty-first century, federal funding for mentoring programs has increased considerably with appropriations by Congress of $100 million (Rhodes and DuBois 2008).
Attitudes toward Working Mothers: Accommodating the Needs of Mothers in the Work Force

More women, including mothers, are part of the work force than ever before. In the workplace, barriers often exist that restrict promotion and advancement of mothers. Mothers often are penalized in attempting to meet the demands of parent and worker roles. Parenting practices have been considered primarily the domain of mothers. However, nurturing may be done effectively by fathers or other motivated adults. Policies of employers must change to accommodate needs of families. Examples of supportive practices may include flexible working hours, parental leave, and on-site child care.
What is anxious depression? Overlap and agreement between different definitions

Abstract Anxiety is common in depressed patients. However, a problem with the research on the significance of anxiety in depressed patients is that anxiety has been characterized in different ways. Little research has examined the concordance and overlap between the various definitions of anxious depression. With research on the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier just beginning, it will be important to understand how defining anxious depression according to DSM-5 agrees with previously studied definitions. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project we examined the association between the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier and 6 other approaches towards defining anxious depression. Three hundred thirty-one patients with a principal diagnosis of major depressive disorder were evaluated with semi-structured diagnostic interviews. The mean number of anxious depression definitions met was 4.7 (SD = 2.1). Only 4.2% (n = 14) of the 331 patients did not meet any anxious depression definition, and 28.1% (n = 93) met all 7 definitions. The level of agreement between the definitions was significant, albeit modest (median kappa = .28). The modest association between the different definitions of anxious depression suggests that the results based on one approach towards subtyping may not generalize to the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier. It therefore cannot be assumed that the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier is valid just because other definitions of anxious depression have been shown to be valid.
Social Media Intervention Design: Applying an Affordances Framework

Social media interventions are a growing area of internet research, particularly for adolescent health. Researchers developing social media intervention approaches face the task of selecting a social media platform for their intervention. In this paper, we present the theoretical framework of affordances to help guide social media platform selection for intervention research. Affordances are a concept often used in fields associated with design and by those systematically studying the impact of a design of an object. Thus, the affordances approach is often used by those considering the impact of information technology and the design of social media platforms. Affordances are often described as properties of artifacts that can be recognized by users and contribute to their function or items that present an action possibility. We describe common affordances that can be applied to intervention design as well as current evidence and an intervention case example for each affordance. A scientific approach for the selection of the appropriate social media platform for a given intervention is an important research priority to advance the field of internet research.
Observed quality of classroom peer engagement in a sample of preschoolers displaying disruptive behaviors

Abstract The current study used naturalistic observations to explore the peer engagement of 428 preschoolers whom teachers identified as displaying elevated levels of disruptive behavior. Children’s peer sociability, communication, assertiveness, and conflict were independently observed as they naturally occurred in the classroom throughout the preschool year. Data were analyzed to examine patterns of peer engagement, explore variability across time and classroom context, and identify associations between disruptive behavior type and peer engagement quality. Results showed that, on average, children were not engaging in high-quality peer interactions nor were they displaying significant levels of negative peer engagement. There was no linear change in peer engagement quality across the year, but positive and negative peer engagement patterns varied substantially across children. Children’s peer engagement was of higher quality when in unstructured settings and when teachers were less directive of activities. The relationship between disruptive behavior and peer engagement differed based on the nature of the disruptive behavior displayed – positive peer engagement was positively associated with hyperactivity and negatively associated with inattention, and negative peer engagement was positively associated with oppositionality. Results highlight the low level with which children are interacting with peers (both positively and negatively) in the preschool classroom and suggest that preschoolers who are perceived as disruptive are not yet engaging in a significant degree of negative peer interaction. Implications for the understanding, structure, and management of the preschool classroom are discussed in relation to both practice and research.