cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards a new PDG computing system

The computing system that supports the worldwide Particle Data Group (PDG) of over 170 authors in the production of the Review of Particle Physics was designed more than 20 years ago. It has reached its scalability and usability limits and can no longer satisfy the requirements and wishes of PDG collaborators and users alike. We discuss the ongoing effort to modernize the PDG computing system, including requirements, architecture and status of implementation. The new system will provide improved user features and will fully support the PDG collaboration from distributed web-based data entry, work flow management, authoring and refereeing to data verification and production of the web edition and manuscript for the publisher. Cross-linking with other HEP information systems will be greatly improved.
Membrane affinity of the amphiphilic marinobactin siderophores

Marinobactins are a class of newly discovered marine bacterial siderophores with a unique amphiphilic structure, suggesting that their functions relate to interactions with cell membranes. Here we use small and large unilamellar l-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles (SUVs and LUVs) as model membranes to examine the thermodynamics and kinetics of the membrane binding of marinobactins, particularly marinobactin E (apo-ME) and its iron(III) complex, Fe−ME. Siderophore−membrane interactions are characterized by NMR line broadening, stopped-flow spectrophotometry, fluorescence quenching, and ultracentrifugation. It is determined that apo-ME has a strong affinity for lipid membranes with molar fraction partition coefficients Kxapo-ME = 6.3 × 105 for SUVs and 3.6 × 105 for LUVs. This membrane association is shown to cause only a 2-fold decrease in the rate of iron(III) binding by apo-ME. However, upon the formation of the iron(III) complex Fe−ME, the membrane affinity of the siderophore decreased substanti...
Social status and voluntary alcohol consumption in mice: interaction with stress.

Dominant rats are found to consume less alcohol than their subordinate cage-mates. It is unclear whether the difference is due to dominant, aggressive animals consuming low levels of alcohol or whether social stress increases alcohol intake in subordinate animals. The present study investigated alcohol drinking patterns in aggressive alpha mice, their fight-stressed submissive cage-mates and non-fighting control mice before and after the establishment of social hierarchies. The results revealed that both moderately and severely fight-stressed submissive mice showed increased consumption of 5% alcohol, expressed as g/kg, but only severely wounded submissive mice showed increased alcohol preference over total fluid consumption, as compared with alpha mice. The difference in alcohol consumption was not seen prior to the establishment of submissive and alpha status, indicating that the submissive mice increased their alcohol consumption only after experiencing fight-stress. The amount of alcohol consumed did not differ between alpha and non-fighting control mice. To further investigate the possible connection between alcohol intake and aggressivity, the mice were studied in the resident-intruder test before group-housing. The results failed to show a consistent pattern of correlations between the time spent in aggression in this test and subsequent alcohol intake measures. The data indicate that severe fight-stress increases alcohol consumption in mice. Alcohol intake of aggressive, dominant alpha mice is not significantly altered, as compared with non-fighting animals. Furthermore, the level of aggressiveness prior to the establishment of social status does not directly affect alcohol consumption. These results suggest that aggression and dominance are not critical in determining alcohol intake patterns, whereas being a target of severe social and physical stress significantly elevates alcohol consumption in mice.
The effect of the social security program upon welfare administration

Permanent, unified welfare departments, manned by capable personnel and freed from political domination, are called for under the social secuirty program.
Who is at risk for special health care needs: findings from the National Survey of Children's Health.

OBJECTIVE. A conceptual model of risk factors for special health care needs in childhood was presented previously. This article uses that conceptual model to identify candidate variables for an exploratory empirical examination of the effects of factors that may increase or decrease the risk of developing a special health care need. METHODS. The National Survey of Children9s Health was used for our analysis (N = 102 353). We used multilevel and multivariate analysis methods. We examined risk factors for special health care needs generally and for specific physical, developmental, behavioral, and emotional conditions cooccurring with special health care needs. Risk factors were grouped into 6 major domains, namely, predisposing characteristics, genetic endowment, physical environment, social environment, health-influencing behavior, and health care system characteristics. We examined preschool-aged and school-aged children separately. RESULTS. Significant associations were found in 5 of 6 domains studied (no variables in the health care systems characteristics were significant). Individual variables found to decrease or to increase significantly the odds of experiencing special health care needs were expressed at the child level (eg, age and gender), family level (eg, family structure and family conflict), and neighborhood level (eg, perception of supportiveness of the neighborhood). CONCLUSIONS. This analysis is the first to consider empirically a range of risk factors for special health care needs, using a population health model. Although provisional, the results of our analysis can help us to begin thinking about which characteristics of the child, family, and community are worthy of further exploration. Some of the variables we found to be significantly associated with special health care needs, such as age and ethnicity, are immutable. However, we found a number of significant correlates (ie, possible risk factors) that may be amenable to public health interventions, including breastfeeding practices, exposure to secondhand smoke, family closeness, and neighborhood cohesion.
Individual copulatory preference and the “strange female effect” in a captive group-living male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

The common chimpanzee has been considered to be a promiscuous species, although transient consort relationships and male possessive behavior have been described byTutin (1975, 1979). A prolific adult male chimpanzee was housed with from four to seven adult female chimpanzees (depending on the females' maternal status) and copulations were recorded from August 7, 1978 until February 16, 1979, during morning feeding periods. Ten females composed the fluctuating available partners. Sixty-four observed copulations involved six females. One female was clearly preferred, including occasions when she was not maximally tumescent (e.g., completely detumescent, pregnant) and other available females were maximally tumescent. The remainder of the observed copulations, with one exception, involved females who had recently been reintroduced into the one-male breeding group. Such copulations took place on and continued temporarily after the day of reintroduction for two females, and after the resumption of menstrual cycling for two females who had been reintroduced while still lactating. Nonpreferred females were impregnated during the period of data collection, even though copulations with them were not observed. These data suggest that the male chimpanzee can form an individual mating preference regardless of the hormonal status of his available partners without lessening his reproductive success with nonpreferred females, but also tends toward maximization of his reproductive success by copulating with novel females.
MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF HIMANTOTHALLUS (INCLUDING PHAEOGLOSSUM AND PHYLLOGIGAS), AN ANTARCTIC MEMBER OF THE DESMARESTIALES (PHAEOPHYCEAE)1

The sporophyte of Himantothallus develops according to a closed pattern in which the number and position of the blades is determined by the location of trichothallic meristems in a filamentous germling. Expansion of the miniature juvenile to the massive adult thallus is accomplished by diffuse secondary growth and involves a change from filamentous rhizoids to a hapteroid holdfast, flattening of the stipe, and enormous increases in length, breadth, and thickness of both stipe and blade. The axis usually bears 1–8 lateral blades, often paired, and terminates in a flattened stub. Phaeoglossum is interpreted as a growth form of Himantothallus in which a terminal blade develops to the exclusion of lateral blades, the latter being represented by a single spine. Phyllogigas clearly falls within the morphological spectrum of Himantothallus, the lack of twisting being related to physical factors in the environment. Sporangia, interspersed with an equal or somewhat larger number of two-celled paraphyses, are borne in slightly elevated sori scattered over both surfaces of the blade. Zoospore germination was not observed, nor were gametophytes, either in culture or in the field. Haptera apparently originate from the meristoderm in the lower part of the maturing stipe and lack a filamentous medulla. The mature stipe and the mature blade are anatomically similar, being composed of a superficial meristoderm, a cortex of parenchyma-like cells, and a filamentous medulla. The meristoderm is usually a single layer of plastid-containing cells that divide anticlinally to accommodate (or effect) expansion and periclinally to produce cortical tissue inward. Cortical cells are in radial files and increase in diameter towards the interior. They usually are densely packed with physodes. The medulla is uniquely distinguished by the presence of sheathed trumpet hyphae. Cells of the trumpet hyphae have perforate end walls with callose deposits and probably function in conduction as do the sieve filaments in Laminariales. Sheathing cells are filled with plastids. Sheathing filaments form connections among themselves and with nearby unsheathed filaments. The sheathed trumpet hyphae and their matrix of unsheathed filaments form a plexus, which in the mature blade is flattened and may be stripped intact from the other tissues. Development of the embryonic sporophyte is very similar to that in Desmarestia, as is the anatomy of the adult thallus and the sporangia. From these considerations, Himantothallus is assigned to the Desmarestiaceae (Desmarestiales).
Compression of polyethylene glycol chains grafted onto silicon nitride surface as measured by scanning force microscopy

Abstract Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (PEG) with a molecular weight of 2000 Da has been grafted to a silicon nitride surface that has been silanized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS). A scanning force microscope (SFM) was used to measure a force—distance profile between the PEG-modified surface and the unmodified silicon nitride SFM tip. In 0.1 M KNO3 solution the force increased monotonically with distance, showing no adhesion between the SFM probe and the PEG-modified surface. The monotonically increasing force is interpreted as a steric repulsion force. Increasing solution concentration of MgSO4 caused the appearance of a weak attractive force between the SFM probe and the PEG-modified surface. The magnitude of the attractive force increased with increasing MgSO4 solution concentration. The addition of MgSO4 generated poor solvent conditions for grafted PEG chains and eliminated the steric repulsion force, probably through a collapse of the tethered chains. The interpretation of the MgSO4 effect on the tethered PEG chains is hindered by the fact that surfaces treated with APS alone caused a cantilever instability at a separation distance of approximately 25 nm. An attractive force at this large separation distance suggested that APS treatment resulted in a surface coating thicker than a monolayer.
Association between Inflammation-Associated Cytokines, Serum Albumins, and Mortality in the Elderly

Objective To investigate the association between serum albumin, prealbumin, various serum inflammation associated-cytokines, and mortality in older geriatric recuperative care patients. Design A prospective cohort study. Setting A geriatric rehabilitation unit of a university-affiliated Department of Veterans Affairs hospital. Participants Participants were 53 geriatric patients (mean age 78 ± 7.3, 96% male) admitted to a Geriatric Evaluation and Management (GEM) unit. Patients with documented near-terminal medical disorder, overt infections, and any systemic or localized inflammatory disorders were excluded. Measurements Inflammation-associated cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), albumin, prealbumin, and C-reactive protein were measured at hospital discharge and each subject was then tracked for 1 year. Main results By Cox Proportional-Hazards Regression analysis, the strongest predictor of mortality within 6 months of study entry was the serum IL-6. For each log increase in IL-6, there was nearly a 9-fold greater 6-month mortality risk (RR 8.99, 95% CI 1.65 to 49.03). The association between albumin and mortality was no longer significant after controlling for IL-6. There was a strong inverse correlation between IL-6 and both albumin (R2 0.39, P < .001) and prealbumin (R2 0.41, P < .001). Conclusion Subclinical inflammation appears to be an important factor contributing to low serum albumins in older recuperative care patients and may confound the association between albumin and mortality in this population. More in-depth studies of these associations are warranted.
Searches for supersymmetric particles in pp¯ collisions with the DØ detector

We report on searches for supersymmetric particles with the DO detector at the Fermilab p p ¯ collider at s = 1800 GeV. The four searches are: (1) for squarks and gluinos in the ET, (2) for a light top squark in the ET channel, (3) for squarks and gluinos in the dielectron channel, and (4) for charginos and neutralinos in the trilepton channel. The first two searches use data from the 1992–93 collider run, and the latter two use data from the 1994–95 collider run.
Monitoring and multiplexing fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer sensors using a linearly tunable Er: fiber laser

A new method for the monitoring of interferometer fiber optic sensors which utilizes a frequency-scanned fiber laser is investigated. The interrogation technique is based on the principle that if the laser frequency varies linearly with time, the optical signal reflected or transmitted is intensity-modulated at a frequency proportional to the optical path difference (OPD) in the interferometer. Fourier components in the detected optical output signal then correspond to the OPDs of any interferometers which have contributed to this modulation. The position of a peak in the power spectrum of this signal is proportional to the OPD of the interferometer responsible for that peak. Fine tuning of the OPD value is determined from the phase of the corresponding Fourier component. Experimentally, an Er:fiber laser scanned over a 46 nm range centered at 1545 nm was used to monitor intrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers (FFPIs). Variations in the laser scan rate were compensated using the optical signal modulated by a reference FFPI held at constant temperature. For three multiplexed sensors arranged in series, temperature was measured from 20°C to 610°C with a 0.02°C resolution.
Racial and Ethnic Differentials in Idleness, Highest-Risk Idleness, and Dropping Out of High School

This research investigates three different indicators of at-risk socio-demographic conditions including dropping out of high school, being idle, and being in highest-risk idleness among non-immigrant persons aged 19–24. Using data from the 2000 US Census, our results detail the differentials in these characteristics for 30 different racial/ethnic groups that are further broken down by gender. The findings indicate a wide range in the prevalence of these at-risk socio-demographic conditions. Groups that tend to be the most at-risk in terms of these indicators include African Americans, Cambodians, Laotians, Native Americans, other Hispanic whites, and white Mexicans. With the exception of the other Pacific Islander and Thai, young women have lower high school dropout rates than do young men. However, young women are substantially more likely than young men to be idle which we define as not being in school, the labor force, or the military. After defining highest-risk idleness as never-married persons without children who are idle, however, the rates are slightly lower for young women than for young men.
Computer-based ST/HR slope calculation on Marquette CASE 12: development and technical considerations.

Abstract Computer-based implementation of the ST HR slope on Marquette CASE 12 is described. ST-segment measurement is performed with improved software for QRS detection and incremental signal updating, and on-line test calculation results from automated linear regression, leading to graphic display of the maximum ST HR slope at the end of exercise.
Validity of the AHRQ Patient Safety Indicator “Central Venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections”

Background "Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections" (CR-BSIs) is one of the patient safety indicators (PSI 7) developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to screen for potential safety events. We sought to investigate the validity of this PSI using the medical record as the gold standard. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of all hospitalization records that met the criteria for PSI 7 within Veterans Health Administration (VA) hospitals from fiscal years 2003 to 2007. Trained abstractors used a standardized abstraction tool to review electronic medical records for the presence of a CR-BSI and the clinical circumstances surrounding the event. We determined the validity of this PSI by calculating its positive predictive value (PPV), and analyzed both true and false positive cases. Results Of 112 reviewed cases, 42 were true events of CR-BSIs, yielding a PPV of 38% (95% CI 29% to 47%). Seventy cases were false positives; these were attributed to correct ICD-9-CM codes but had diagnoses that fell outside the scope of the indicator (n = 28, 40%), coding inaccuracies (n = 21, 30%); and present on admission (POA) diagnoses (n = 21; 30%). Among the 42 patients with CR-BSIs, catheters were left in place for an average of 11 days, and 20% (n = 8) were placed in the femoral position. Conclusions PSI 7 has relatively poor predictive ability for identifying true events. Coding-related issues were the main reason for the low PPV. Implementing POA codes and using more specific ICD-9-CM codes would improve its validity. As it currently stands, PSI 7 should not be used as a pay-for-performance measure, but should be limited to use in internal quality improvement efforts.
Religion in the Formal and Informal Economy: Catholicism and Professionals in the Arabian Gulf

This paper examines the role of religious institutions in shaping the formal as well as informal economy in rapidly developing cities in the Arabian Gulf. Focusing on one religious institution, Rom...
The Mirror-Image Argument: An Additional Reply to Johansson

We have argued that it is rational to have asymmetric attitudes toward prenatal and posthumous non-existence insofar as this asymmetry is a special case of a more general (and arguably rational) asymmetry in our attitudes toward past and future pleasures. Here we respond to an interesting critique of our view by Jens Johansson. We contend that his critique involves an inappropriate conflation of the time from which the relevant asymmetry emerges and the time of the badness of death.
Toward a Feminist Understanding of Women and Power

Both psychologists and feminists believe power is an important and ubiquitous concept, yet its definition and scope eludes both groups. In this introduction to a special issue on women and power, we suggest three points to help organize and interpret research in the area. First, definitions of power should center around the distinction between “power-over,” the domination and control of one person or group over another, and “power-to” or personal empowerment. Second, power can be analyzed at different levels—societal, organizational, interpersonal, and individual—and, importantly, these levels interact. Third, power differences frequently underlie what appear to be gender differences in behavior; as society is currently configured, power and gender are never independent. Although the articles in this special issue often ask more questions than they answer, the present volume adds a feminist perspective to the psychological study of power.
Binding of ethyl isocyanide to cytochrome c′ from Chromatium vinosum

Abstract Alkyl isocyanides were investigated as potential ligands for the cytochromes c ′. Spectroscopic evidence is presented which demonstrates the binding of ethyl isocyanide to cytochrome c ′ from Chromatium vinosum . Chromatium cytochrome c ′ was shown to bind one molecule of ethyl isocyanide with an equilibrium constant of 3.29·10 3 at pH 7.0 and 25°C. This new finding indicates that the binding site of Chromatium cytochrome c ′ may be significantly more accessible than that of Rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome c ′ and further provides an opportunity to examine the structure of the heme environments of the cytochromes c ′ through a study of the binding of alkyl isocyanides to these proteins.
Adenylyl Cyclases: mRNA and Characteristics of Enzyme Activity in Three Areas of Brain

RNase protection assays were used in a comparative analysis of the quantities of mRNA for five "calcium-sensitive" (types I, III, V, VI, and VIII) adenylyl cyclases and one "calcium-insensitive" (type II) adenylyl cyclase in mouse cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and nucleus accumbens. The mRNA levels for type V adenylyl cyclase were dominant in the nucleus accumbens. Type V adenylyl cyclase mRNA was also found in the cerebral cortex and at low levels in the cerebellum. Type I adenylyl cyclase mRNA was the major form in the cerebellum with 15-50-fold higher levels compared with other adenylyl cyclase mRNAs. Type I adenylyl cyclase mRNA was also the most prominent adenylyl cyclase mRNA in the cerebral cortex, although the mRNA levels of other adenylyl cyclase forms were more comparable to those of the type I enzyme in this brain area. The mRNA levels for adenylyl cyclase types II, III, VI, and VIII were intermediate to low depending on the brain area. Cell membranes from the nucleus accumbens demonstrated adenylyl cyclase activity that was synergistically activated by concomitant addition of GTP and forskolin to assay mixtures, reflecting a characteristic of type V adenylyl cyclase protein. Calcium/calmodulin stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in membranes from all three brain areas. However, synergistic activation of adenylyl cyclase activity by GTP and calcium/calmodulin was noted only with cortical membranes, and this characteristic may reflect the presence of type VIII adenylyl cyclase mRNA in the cortex. Although mRNA for type VIII adenylyl cyclase was almost equivalent in the cortex and cerebellum, the lack of a synergistic effect of GTP plus calcium/calmodulin on the cerebellar enzyme activity may be a result of the significant dominance of type I adenylyl cyclase mRNA (and protein) in the cerebellum. In general, the mRNA levels for the various adenylyl cyclases were predictive of the regulatory characteristics of adenylyl cyclase activity in membranes of the brain areas studied.
Toward an Autonomic Architecture for Real-Time Traffic Network Management

This article presents an autonomic-based architecture for real-time traffic management in congested urban transportation networks. The architecture assumes the availability of spatially distributed controllers in the network. Each controller is capable of monitoring the traffic within a predefined subnetwork and provides efficient control strategies for its traffic. Controllers are assumed to be able to share information on the observed traffic pattern and their control actions. In addition, controllers could be dynamically configured to operate in teams to develop integrated traffic management schemes that best cope with the observed traffic pattern in the network. The article presents the results of a set of off-line experiments that examine the performance of the proposed architecture. The experiments evaluate the most efficient team-formation strategies among controllers to mitigate a nonrecurrent traffic congestion situation in a typical highway network. The results show that more efficient traffic m...
The Influence of Specific Neighboring Bases on Substitution Bias in Noncoding Regions of the Plant Chloroplast Genome

Substitutions occurring in noncoding sequences of the plant chloroplast genome violate the independence of sites that is assumed by substitution models in molecular evolution. The probability that a substitution at a site is a transversion, as opposed to a transition, increases significantly with increasing A + T content of the two adjacent nucleotides. In the present study, this dependency of substitutions on local context is examined further in a number of noncoding regions from the chloroplast genome of members of the grass family (Poaceae). Two features were examined; the influence of specific neighboring bases, as opposed to the general A + T content, on transversion proportion and an influence on substitutions by nucleotides other than the two immediately adjacent to the site of substitution. In both cases, a significant effect was found. In the case of specific nucleotides, transversion proportion is significantly higher at sites with a pyrimidine immediately 5′ on either strand. Substitutions at sites of the type YNR, where N is the site of substitution, have the highest rate of transversion. This specific effect is secondary to the A + T content effect such that, in terms of proportion of substitutions that are transversions, the nucleotides are ranked T > A > C > G as to their effect when they are immediately 5′ to the site of substitution. In the case of nucleotides other than the immediate neighbors, a significant influence on substitution dynamics is observed in the case where the two neighboring bases are both A and/or T. Thus, substitutions are primarily, but not exclusively, influenced by the composition of the two nucleotides that are immediately adjacent. These results indicate that the pattern of molecular evolution of the plant chloroplast genome is extremely complex as a result of a variety of inter-site dependencies.
Titania-Supported Bimetallic Catalysts Combined with HZSM-5 for Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis

Fischer−Tropsch synthesis was studied in a fixed-bed reactor over single-metal and bimetallic alloy catalysts, selected from Co, Ni, and Fe, supported on TiO2 at a total metal loading of 10 wt %. The catalysts, prepared by incipient wetness impregnation using nitrate precursors, were tested as is and in combination with a HZSM-5 zeolite. The test conditions were 1 MPa, 250 °C, H2/CO = 1, and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) = 0.77 h-1. Alloying of metals resulted in a significant enhancement in CO conversion without an increase in methane selectivity. A 50:50 weight ratio Co−Ni catalyst physically mixed with HZSM-5 (5% Co−5% Ni/TiO2 + HZSM-5) gave the highest CO conversion (45.2%) at the conditions tested. This compares to conversion of 8.9% and 10.5% with Co-only and Ni-only catalysts, respectively. Mixing the Co−Ni catalyst with HZSM-5 resulted in a significant reduction in methane selectivity and a significant increase in C4+ selectivity. The aromatic fraction increased from 1.5 to 8.1 wt %, the C2+...
Multi-Resolution Rigidity-Based Sampling of Protein Conformational Paths

We present a geometry-based, sampling based method to explore conformational pathways in medium and large proteins which undergo large-scale conformational transitions. In a past work we developed a coarse-grained geometry-based method that was able to trace large-scale conformational motions in proteins using residues between secondary structure elements as hinges, and a simple yet effective energy function. In this work we apply a rigidity-analysis tool to determine the rigid and flexible regions in protein structures, since hinges may not always lie on loops between secondary structure elements. This method allows for better accuracy in determining the rotational degrees of freedom of the proteins. We conducted a multi-resolution search scheme, as both C-α and backbone representations are used for sampling the protein conformational paths. Characteristic conformations detected by clustering the paths are converted to full atom protein structures and minimized to detect interesting intermediate conformations that may correspond to transition states or other events. Our algorithm was able to run efficiently on a proteins of various sizes and the results agree with experimentally determined intermediate protein structures.
Transitioning Parfait into a Development Tool

The Parfait static-code-analysis tool started as a research project at Sun Labs (now Oracle Labs) to address runtime and precision shortcomings of C and C++ static-code-analysis tools. After developers started to see and verify the research outcomes, they made further requests to ensure the tool would be easy to use and integrate. This helped transition Parfait from a research artifact to a developer tool. Developers use Parfait daily to prevent the introduction of defects into code bases and to report defects in existing code. Several organizations at Oracle have integrated it into build processes.
High-tech medicine and rising health care costs.

SINCE the early 1970s the United States has pursued multiple strategies aimed at moderating the increases in its annual health care expenditures. In the search for causes and cures of health care inflation, high-tech medicine (HTM) is identified increasingly as the major culprit responsible for our steeply rising health care costs. To illuminate the issue, this article offers an operational definition of the term HTM, examines the supporting arguments for the claim that HTM is the principal propellant of escalating health care costs and that it is often counterproductive, reviews the role of public policy in speeding the growth of HTM, and concludes with some forecasts about the probable impact of HTM on future US health care costs. High-tech medicine may be defined simply and comprehensively as the sum of all the advances in medical knowledge and technique that have been translated into improved diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative procedures during
Ogleus pilarae, a new genus and species of leptocheliid tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidomorpha) from the tropical Northwest Atlantic with observations on the genus Pseudonototanais Lang, 1973.

Ogleus pilarae n. gen., n . sp. (Leptocheliidae) is described from specimens collected at a depth of 28 m off the eastern coast of Puerto Rico. Morphologically the new genus appears to have its closest affinities with the type species of Heterotanais and those of the two subgenera belonging to Pseudonototanais sensu Guţu. Ogleus is distinguished from these and other leptocheliids by a combination of characters including a male antennule having three unfused peduncular articles, five aesthetasc-bearing flagellar articles with the first being greatly reduced and bearing a single cluster of aesthetascs, the shape of the male cheliped, and uropods of both sexes having an elongate endopod with five articles or incipient articles, the distalmost being distinctly longer than the first. The genus Pseudonototanais is rediagnosed to contain P. werthi, P. modestus (female holotype), and with reservations P. bransfieldensis. The Pseudonototanais subgenus Makassaritanais is elevated to full generic rank to contain M. angustus and M. bamberi . The male originally attributed to P. (M.) modestus , does not appear to be a leptocheliid since it has a short uropodal endopod appearing to have just two articles. The taxonomic status of some of the other taxa previously assigned to Pseudonototanais sensu lato or that are superficially similar to it is discussed. Overall, based on the females, the genera Ogleus and Makassaritanais may be more closely allied with genus Leptochelia Dana, 1849 than to Pseudonototanais and Heterotanais . A key to the male leptocheliid taxa having truncated or superficially subchelate-appearing chelae is presented.
The sizes of the jet drops produced by air bubbles bursting on sea- and fresh-water surfaces

The size distributions of the top 6 jet drops produced by air bubbles bursting on sea- and fresh-water surfaces are presented for bubbles with radii from 350 to 1500 μ m. There are no significant differences in the results between sea- and fresh-water. Except for the top drop, the size distributions are often bimodal. For the top jet drop, the dependence of the average droplet radius, R d , on bubble radius, R b , is given by the fit R d = 0.0337 R b 1.208 ( μ m) which compares well with the results for the top drop reported by Blanchard in 1989. Excluding the droplets in the small modes, the droplet size dependence on bubble size for the lower droplets (those subsequent to the top drop) is, within statistical certainty, the same for all the droplets from the second through the fifth. The data for these droplets is fit by R d = 0.0165 R b 1.325 . The probability that a bubble with a given radius produces at least n drops is given for n up to 7, although a small number of bubble bursts were observed to have produced at least 15 jet droplets. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1994.t01-2-00007.x
Augmenting kitchen appliances with a shared context using knowledge about daily events

Networked appliances might make them aware of each other, but interacting with a complex network can be difficult in itself. KitchenSense is a sensor rich networked kitchen research platform that uses Common Sense reasoning to simplify control interfaces and augment interaction. The system's sensor net attempts to interpret people's intentions to create fail-soft support for safe, efficient and aesthetic activity. By considering embedded sensor data together with daily-event knowledge, a centrally-controlled system can develop a shared context across various appliances. The system is a research platform that is used to evaluate augmented intelligent support of work scenarios in physical spaces.
Egalitarian Society and Myths of Women's Status: A Reply to Sanday

York: Harper. Festinger, Leon, et al. 1964[1956] When Prophecy Fails. New York: Harper. Freeman, Derek 1983 Margaret Mead and Samoa. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Holmes, Lowell 1957 A Restudy of Manu'an Culture: A Problem of Methodology. Ph.D. dissertation, Anthropology department, NorthWestern University. 1958 Ta'u. Wellington: Polynesian Society. Jennings, H. S. 1930 The Biological Basis of Human Behavior. New York: Norton.
The effects of clipping, nitrogen source and nitrogen concentration on the growth responses and nitrogen uptake of an east african sedge

Kyllinga nervosa Steud., a sedge from the Serengeti short-grass plains, was subjected to a balanced factorial experiment which included unclipped plants and plants clipped weekly to a 5 cm height, nitrogen supplied as either nitrate or ammonium and three nitrogen concentrations. Tillering rates, green leaf nitrogen, and both green leaf weight and biomass investment in green leaf production increased with nitrogen concentration. Low nitrogen conserved investment in crown production and resulted in adjustments for nitrogen acquisition by increasing biomass allocation to root production. Nitrate nutrition stimulated green leaf weight, tillering rate, nitrogen redistribution and both crown and root nitrogen. Ammonium nutrition increased nitrogen uptake, total plant nitrogen accumulation, reproduction, litter weight and nitrogen loss to decomposers. Clipping increased investment in green leaf production at the expense of stem, root, crown and flower production. Compensatory green leaf production in response to clipping occurred only when plants were grown in ammonium. Clipping stimulated uptake rates of both ammonium and nitrate, and therefore total plant nitrogen accumulation. Results suggest a balanced utilization of both nitrate and ammonium may be necessary for optimal growth in this species.
QT interval dispersion in healthy subjects and survivors of sudden cardiac death: circadian variation in a twenty-four-hour assessment.

Abstract Twenty-four-hour acquisition of QT dispersion (QTd) from the Holter and the circadian variation of QTd were evaluated in 20 survivors of sudden cardiac death (SCD), in 20 healthy subjects, and in 14 control patients without a history of cardiac arrest who were age, sex, diagnosis and therapy matched to 14 SCD patients. Computer-assisted QT measurements were performed on 24-hour Holter recordings; each recording was divided into 288 5-minute segments and templates representing the average QRST were generated. QTd was calculated as the difference between QT intervals in leads V 1 and V 5 for each template on Holter. The 24-hour mean QTd was significantly greater in SCD patients (40 ± 28 ms) than in healthy subjects (20 ± 10 ms) and control patients (15 ± 5 ms) (p
Post-Graduation Service and Civic Outcomes for High Financial Need Students of a Multi-Campus, Co-Curricular Service-Learning College Program

High financial need Bonner scholarship alumni, who had been engaged in four years of cocurricular service and reflection experiences, were surveyed six years after graduation. Survey questions drawn from UCLA’s Life After College Survey allowed comparison with three national groups. All Bonner service-learning program graduates were still doing community service six years after graduation compared to approximately two-thirds of each comparison group. Alumni were more also likely than comparison groups to be civically engaged, particularly in activities requiring dialogue. The importance of sustained dialogue across boundaries of perceived difference is discussed.
Lycopene and male infertility

Excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause a state of oxidative stress, which result in sperm membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and apoptosis, leading to decreased sperm viability and motility. Elevated levels of ROS are a major cause of idiopathic male factor infertility, which is an increasingly common problem today. Lycopene, the most potent singlet oxygen quencher of all carotenoids, is a possible treatment option for male infertility because of its antioxidant properties. By reacting with and neutralizing free radicals, lycopene could reduce the incidence of oxidative stress and thus, lessen the damage that would otherwise be inflicted on spermatozoa. It is postulated that lycopene may have other beneficial effects via nonoxidative mechanisms in the testis, such as gap junction communication, modulation of gene expression, regulation of the cell cycle and immunoenhancement. Various lycopene supplementation studies conducted on both humans and animals have shown promising results in alleviating male infertility-lipid peroxidation and DNA damage were decreased, while sperm count and viability, and general immunity were increased. Improvement of these parameters indicates a reduction in oxidative stress, and thus the spermatozoa is less vulnerable to oxidative damage, which increases the chances of a normal sperm fertilizing the egg. Human trials have reported improvement in sperm parameters and pregnancy rates with supplementation of 4-8 mg of lycopene daily for 3-12 months. However, further detailed and extensive research is still required to determine the dosage and the usefulness of lycopene as a treatment for male infertility.
Intimacy for Sale: Masculinity, Entrepreneurship, and Commodity Self in Japan's Neoliberal Situation

This article examines the creation of entrepreneurial male subjects in Japan's host clubs. Based on my ethnographic study, I argue that hosts' entrepreneurship is constituted by commodifying themselves. This paradoxical – commodified, yet entrepreneurial – male subject is embedded in the new possibilities and constraints posed by Japan's neoliberal restructuring and global economic trends. Hosts, who dream of earning fast cash and achieving upward class mobility, perceive the hosting business as a gateway to success, fame, and luxurious lifestyles. As a result, they ‘voluntarily’ commodify themselves and feed into the club's profit-making. They are also exploiting the consumer logic of desirability and the neoliberal values of entrepreneurship. By doing so, they hope to better position themselves in contrast to the work ethic and status of Japan's conventionally hegemonic masculine icon, the Salaryman. I contend that neoliberal reform in Japan is not a mere politico-economic reaction to globalization, but...
Amoeba and Slime Mold: Hosts of Virulence Evolution

This chapter summarizes the available information on amoeba-fungus interactions and speculates on the origins of fungal virulence for mammalian hosts. Other organisms such as slime molds have ameboid cells that behave like amoebae in movement and feeding. Amoebae and slime molds are grouped under the kingdom Protozoa. Various studies have reported specific types of interactions and responses when amoebae and fungi are brought into contact in the laboratory. Amoeba phagocytosis can be induced by arachidonic acid and prostaglandins, a phenomenon that may be highly relevant to fungus-amoeba interactions since many species of fungi produce arachidonic acid derivatives and prostaglandins. Although each of these observations was made under artificial laboratory conditions, they suggest certain specificity to amoeba-fungus interactions that buttresses the argument that these two types of organisms frequently interact in the environment. In the late 1990s, the author revisited the question of amoeba-fungus relationships and their potential impact in fungal virulence by analyzing the interaction of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Cryptococcus neoformans. Encapsulated C. neoformans cells were able to grow in the presence of A. castellanii, whereas nonencapsulated cells were killed. However, the observations with amoebae, slime molds, and nematodes suggest that traits associated with virulence for mammals also play a role in promoting the survival of C. neoformans following interactions with environmental predators. Fungi that are under selection by amoeba predation, that grow at mammalian temperatures, that tolerate slightly alkaline pH, and that have suitable adhesions may be able to establish themselves in a mammalian host.
The measurement of performance among research and development professional employees: A longitudinal analysis

A longitudinal analysis of performance data collected from 256 professional employees from three applied research and development organizations shows stability over a one-year period in both the measures and the patterns of the correlations. Subjective ratings of innovativeness by superiors and peers show agreement with each other and moderate convergence with the objective indicators of number of patents and number of publications. High self-esteem subjects have greater levels of agreement for their self-ratings with those of superiors and peers than do low self-esteem subjects. Implications for improving the measurement of professional performance by R&D managers are discussed based on the results.
A sustained-release formulation of doxycycline hyclate (Atridox) prevents simultaneous infection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by tick bite

Current prophylaxis for infected tick bites consists of personal protective measures directed towards ticks. This study compared the efficacy of a single oral dose of doxycycline with that of a single injection of sustained-release doxycycline in a model of Lyme borreliosis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. Dosages of doxycycline were equilibrated based on previously determined peak plasma levels in mice [oral, 2.4 microg (ml plasma)(-1); sustained release, 1.9 microg (ml plasma)(-1)] determined 8 h after inoculation. In challenge experiments where five Borrelia burgdorferi-infected and five A. phagocytophilum-infected nymphs were used per mouse, only 20 and 30 % of mice were protected from B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum infection, respectively, using oral doxycycline. In contrast, 100 % of mice receiving sustained-release doxycycline were protected from A. phagocytophilum infection, as indicated by real-time PCR of blood samples, quantitative PCR and culture isolation of spleen samples, and protected against B. burgdorferi infection as demonstrated by culture of ear, heart and bladder. Although 15-40 copies of A. phagocytophilum could be amplified from the spleens of mice treated with sustained-release doxycycline, no viable A. phagocytophilum from these spleens could be cultured in HL-60 cells. In contrast, 7/10 mice receiving oral doxycycline were PCR- and culture-positive for A. phagocytophilum, with copy numbers ranging from 800 to 10 000 within the spleen, as determined by quantitative PCR. Other correlates with A. phagocytophilum infection included a significant difference in spleen mass (mean of 110 mg for sustained-release treatment versus a mean of 230 mg for oral treatment) and the number of splenic lymphoid nodules (mean of 8 for sustained-release treatment versus mean of 12.5 for oral doxycycline) as determined by histopathology. These studies indicate that a single injection of a sustained-release formulation antibiotic may offer a viable prophylactic treatment option for multiple infectious agents in patients presenting with tick bites.
Execution context optimization for disk energy

Power, energy, and thermal concerns have constrained embedded systems designs. Computing capability and storage density have increased dramatically, enabling the emergence of handheld devices from special to general purpose computing. In many mobile systems, the disk is among the top energy consumers. Many previous optimizations for disk energy have assumed uniprogramming environments. However, many optimizations degrade in multiprogramming because programs are unaware of other programs (execution context). We introduce a framework to make programs aware of and adapt to their runtime execution context.We evaluated real workloads by collecting user activity traces and characterizing the execution contexts. The study confirms that many users run a limited number of programs concurrently. We applied execution context optimizations to eight programs and tested ten combinations. The programs ran concurrently while the disk's power was measured. Our measurement infrastructure allows interactive sessions to be scripted, recorded, and replayed to compare the optimizations' effects against the baseline. Our experiments covered two write cache policies. For write-through, energy savings was in the range 3-63% with an average of 21%. For write-back, energy savings was in the range -33-61% with an average of 8%. In all cases, our optimizations incurred less than 1% performance penalty.