cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a loss-compensated recirculating delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for ultranarrow laser linewidth measurement

Ultranarrow laser linewidth measurement using an optimized loss- compensated recirculating delayed self-heterodyne interferometer is described. An experimental setup is constructed to measure subkilohertz laser linewidths. The system parameters are optimized to obtain the best beat signals. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical analysis. Two methods of linewidth interpretation are presented and analyzed based on the experimental results. It is proved that a loss-compensated recirculating delayed self-heterodyne interferometer is an effective tool for measuring an ultranarrow laser linewidth.
Direct and Indirect Effects of a Maternal and Child Health Program in Rural Bangladesh

This study is on the impact evaluation of a maternal and child health program in rural Bangladesh. The program was administered in a treatment area with an equally impoverished area retained as a control area. Using a standard utility maximization framework and data from Matlab Health and Socio-Economic Survey of 1996 treatment effects are estimated without the standard problems of endogenous program placement and selection. Results find not just a strong direct effect on the health of targeted individuals but also a significant spillover effect on the health of some non-targeted individuals. Results indicate that the externality is generated within the household and not through a community effect. Thus this study raises important issues for the design of public policy programs. (authors)
Androgen binding sites in testis cell fractions as measured by a nuclear exchange assay

Abstract A nuclear androgen exchange assay was previously developed in this laboratory for use in the rat testis. Further studies have shown that the dependence of exchange upon hormonal pretreatment was concentration dependent in the range of 2–60 γ/ml under in vitro conditions. The order of specificity was testosterone ⪢ progesterone, estradiol ⪢ cortisol, no hormone. Hormone-dependent exchange activity was found to persist in the testes of 0–70 day hypophysectomized adult (100–170 day old) and 0–24 day hypophysectomized immature (35–59 day old) animals. The exchange activity per mg DNA was greater in freshly isolated Sertoli cell preparations from long term hypophysectomized rat testes than in comparable total testes. Exchange activity was also observed in subfractions of germ cell preparations, achieved by use of an elutriator rotor. The highest concentration of activity was associated with the most mature cell types. These data demonstrate that androgen exchange activity exists in both Sertoli cell and germ cell fractions and suggest that the mechanism of action of androgens in the testis may involve interaction with more than one cell type.
Reproducing gender in counseling and psychotherapy: Understanding the problem and changing the practice

Abstract In this article I argue that the concept of gender is misunderstood by the majority of psychologists. Increasingly the term “gender” is mindlessly replacing the term “sex,” obfuscating decades of theory and research that elucidated gender as a complex social-psychological variable rather than a bifurcated individual-difference variable tied to biological sex. As a consequence, gender is largely ignored as an “active” variable in counseling research and practice. Current theory and research on gender as they apply to counseling and psychotherapy are first described. Then ways in which gender processes are often reproduced in counseling and psychotherapy and factors contributing to this practice are illuminated. Finally, areas particularly vulnerable to reproducing gender are described and some examples provided of the reproducing, and the disrupting, of gender processes in counseling.
Stimulation of serotonin transport by the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil

Abstract The serotonin (5-hydroxtryptamine, 5-HT) transporter (SERT) plays a critical role in the inactivation of synaptic 5-HT and has been implicated in multiple psychiatric and peripheral disorders. SERT regulation studies demonstrate that activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG)-linked pathways can increase SERT activity. As cGMP actions are limited by cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDEs), we investigated whether the cGMP-specific PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil (Viagra®) can stimulate 5-HT uptake and potentiate cGMP-mediated regulation. In RBL-2H3 cells, SERT activity was stimulated by sildenafil in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Sildenafil also enhanced the stimulation of SERT triggered by the adenosine receptor agonist 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), effects blocked by the PKG inhibitor N-[2-(methylamino)ethy]-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide (H8). Sildenafil stimulation of 5-HT uptake arises from an increase in 5-HT transport Vmax and is paralleled by elevated SERT surface antagonist binding, also H8-sensitive. These findings implicate cGMP-targeted PDEs in limiting the regulation of antidepressant-sensitive 5-HT transport.
Suppression of escape behaviour during mating in the cricket Acheta domesticus

We examined behavioural switching in the cricket Acheta domesticus. Animals are constantly exposed to sensory information that must be integrated by the nervous system and transformed into an appropriate behavioural response. Often, the same sensory inputs can play a crucial role in different behaviours. For example, in isolated crickets, tactile activation of specific cercal sensory receptors can trigger escape, but these same sensory inputs are also important during mating. We mechanically stimulated crickets before, during and after copulation and found that most touch-evoked escape responses are suppressed in copulating males. The behavioural switch from escape to mating occurs following a male's chemosensory contact with a female and requires the continued presence of the female for its full expression. We removed the antennae from male and female crickets to examine whether chemosensory cues detected by the antennae are necessary for this escape suppression and mating initiation. Although the antennae are the primary source of this chemosensory information, we determined that the maxillary palps are another important source. Removal of male antennae did not significantly impact mating success. The loss of the female antennae, however, did have a significant negative effect on both female and male receptivity and mating behaviour.
Analysis and classification of normal and pathological skin tissue spectra using neural networks

An innovative spectroscopic diagnostic method has been developed for investigation of different regions of normal human skin tissue, as well as cancerous and precancerous conditions in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro. This new method is a combination of fiber-optical evanescent wave Fourier Transform infrared (FEW-FTIR) spectroscopy and fiber optic techniques using low-loss, highly flexible and nontoxic fiber optical sensors. The FEW-FTIR technique is nondestructive and very sensitive to changes of vibrational spectra in the IR region without heating and staining and thus altering the skin tissue. A special software package was developed for the treatment of the spectra. This package includes a database, programs for data preparation and presentation, and neural networks for classification of disease states. An unsupervised neural competitive learning neural network is implemented for skin cancer diagnosis. In this study, we have investigated and classified skin tissue in the range of 1400 to 1800 cm-1 using these programs. The results of our surface analysis of skin tissue are discussed in terms of molecular structural similarities and differences as well as in terms of different skin states represented by eleven different skin spectra classes.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evidence for down-regulation of GABA receptors following long-term gamma-butyrolactone.

Long-term oral administration (12 weeks) of γ-butyrolactone (GBL) to mice resulted in pharmacological and neurochemical changes which may be interpreted as a decrease in GABA-mediated synaptic activity. The depression in motor activity produced by the GABA-mimetic muscimol was reduced following long-term GBL. The binding of GABA to its putative receptor was reduced in the GBL group as evidenced by a decrease in the Bmax in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and striatum, but not in the hippocampus. No difference in the concentration of GABA was observed between the two groups. However, the reduction in GABA accumulation which normally results after an acute injection of GBL (560 mg/kg) was markedly attenuated in the mice receiving 12 weeks of GBL. Similarly, the muscimol-induced alteration in the concentration of DOPAC, a dopamine metabolite, was also reduced in the GBL group. These results, illustrating tolerance to the pharmacological effects of GBL and muscimol and in vitro evidence of a reduction in GABA binding sites, suggest that long-term exposure to GBL is accompanied by an alteration in GABA receptors and provides a possible mechanism for the tolerance to GBL-induced changes in dopamine.
Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) replacement attenuates motor impairments and nigrostriatal dopamine deficits in 12-month-old mice with a partial deletion of GDNF

Abstract Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been established as a growth factor for the survival and maintenance of dopamine (DA) neurons. In phase I clinical trials, GDNF treatment in Parkinson's disease patients led to improved motor function and GDNF has been found to be down regulated in Parkinson's disease patients. Studies using GDNF heterozygous (Gdnf+/−) mice have demonstrated that a partial reduction of GDNF leads to an age-related accelerated decline in nigrostriatal DA system- and motor-function and increased neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress in the substantia nigra (SN). Therefore, the purpose of the current studies was to determine if GDNF replacement restores motor function and functional markers within the nigrostriatal DA system in middle-aged Gdnf+/− mice. At 11 months of age, male Gdnf+/− and wildtype (WT) mice underwent bilateral intra-striatal injections of GDNF (10 μg) or vehicle. Locomotor activity was assessed weekly 1–4 weeks after treatment. Four weeks after treatment, their brains were processed for analysis of GDNF levels and various DAergic and oxidative stress markers. An intrastriatal injection of GDNF increased motor activity in Gdnf+/− mice to levels comparable to WT mice (1 week after injection) and this effect was maintained through the 4-week time point. This increase in locomotion was accompanied by a 40% increase in striatal GDNF protein levels and SN GDNF expression in Gdnf+/− mice. Additionally, GDNF treatment significantly increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the SN of middle-aged Gdnf+/− mice, but not WT mice, which was coupled with reduced oxidative stress in the SN. These studies further support that long-term changes related to the dysfunction of the nigrostriatal pathway are influenced by GDNF expression and add that this dysfunction appears to be responsive to GDNF treatment. Additionally, these studies suggest that long-term GDNF depletion alters the biological and behavioral responses to GDNF treatment.
Representing Bodies in Virtual Space: The Rhetoric of Avatar Design

This article discusses the rhetorical aspects of avatars, or virtual selves, within multiuser graphical virtual realities (GVRs). In both text-based and graphical virtual worlds, users are represented in the world by discursive or visual avatars. Because the manner in which users in a synchronous shared environment are represented affects how they are able to communicate, the design of an avatar affects the communicative possibilities within a virtual world. This essay examines the development of GVRs in order to question how representations of selves in these newer versions of cyberspace relate to on-linecommunication. The focus here is particularly on how bodies in GVRs are gendered, and how differing modes of gender inscription might affect online interaction. Ultimately, GVRs raise the issue of how the visual affects the verbal when both are mediated by technology.
Distinct rhythm generators for inspiration and expiration in the juvenile rat

Inspiration and active expiration are commonly viewed as antagonistic phases of a unitary oscillator that generates respiratory rhythm. This view conflicts with observations we report here in juvenile rats, where by administration of fentanyl, a selective μ-opiate agonist, and induction of lung reflexes, we separately manipulated the frequency of inspirations and expirations. Moreover, completely transecting the brainstem at the caudal end of the facial nucleus abolished active expirations, while rhythmic inspirations continued. We hypothesize that inspiration and expiration are generated by coupled, anatomically separate rhythm generators, one generating active expiration located close to the facial nucleus in the region of the retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group, the other generating inspiration located more caudally in the preBotzinger Complex.
Algorithm Study of Face Recognition on Improved 2DLDA

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) [1] is a well-known method for face recognition in feature extraction and dimension reduction. To solve the “small sample” effect of LDA, Two-Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis (2DLDA) [2] has been used for face recognition recently，but its could hardly take use of the relationship between the adjacent scatter matrix. In this paper, I improved the between-class scatter matrix, proposed paired-class scatter matrix for face representation and recognition. In this new method, a paired between-class scatter matrix distance metric is used to measure the distance between random paired between-class scatter matrix. To test this new method, ORL face database is used and the results show that the paired between-class scatter matrix based 2DLDA method （N2DLDA） outperforms the 2DLDA method and achieves higher classification accuracy than the 2DLDA algorithm.
Radiotherapy effect on nano-mechanical properties and chemical composition of enamel and dentine.

Abstract Objective To understand radiotherapy-induced dental lesions characterized by enamel loss or delamination near the dentine–enamel junction (DEJ), this study evaluated enamel and dentine nano-mechanical properties and chemical composition before and after simulated oral cancer radiotherapy. Design Sections from seven non-carious third molars were exposed to 2 Gy fractions, 5 days/week for 7 weeks for a total of 70 Gy. Nanoindentation was used to evaluate Young's modulus, while Raman microspectroscopy was used to measure protein/mineral ratios, carbonate/phosphate ratios, and phosphate peak width. All measures were completed prior to and following radiation at the same four buccal and lingual sites 500 and 30 μm from the DEJ in enamel and dentine (E-500, E-30, D-30 and D-500). Results The elastic modulus of enamel and dentine was significantly increased ( P ≤ 0.05) following radiation. Based on Raman spectroscopic analysis, there was a significant decrease in the protein to mineral ratio (2931/430 cm −1 ) following radiation at all sites tested except at D-500, while the carbonate to phosphate ratio (1070/960 cm −1 ) increased at E-30 and decreased at D-500. Finally, phosphate peak width as measured by FWHM at 960 cm −1 significantly decreased at both D-30 and D-500 following radiation. Conclusions Simulated radiotherapy produced an increase in the stiffness of enamel and dentine near the DEJ. Increased stiffness is speculated to be the result of the radiation-induced decrease in the protein content, with the percent reduction much greater in the enamel sites. Such changes in mechanical properties and chemical composition could potentially contribute to DEJ biomechanical failure leading to enamel delamination that occurs post-radiotherapy. However, other analyses are required for a better understanding of radiotherapy-induced effects on tooth structure to improve preventive and restorative treatments for oral cancer patients.
Maximizing the Secret Key Rate for Informed Radios under Different Channel Conditions

The performance of techniques for establishing secret encryption keys from the reciprocal electromagnetic propagation between two wireless radios is generally measured by comparing the number of key bits generated to the key rate, or the information theoretic bound on the number of key bits that can be determined for a single independent channel estimate. While typically this bound is computed by assuming that the radios have no information regarding the channel, recent work has demonstrated an approach for computing this bound for nodes using beamformed antenna arrays that know the spatial covariance of a wide-sense stationary channel. Since this bound does not directly indicate how to perform practical channel estimation to obtain estimates that can achieve the bound, the prior work demonstrates an approximation that indicates a practical channel estimation procedure while yielding a mutual information near that of the key rate in rich multipath fading environments. This paper demonstrates appreciable degradation in the mutual information achieved using this approximation when the channel includes a line-of-sight component and proposes a modified approximation technique that performs well over a broad range of propagation conditions.
Development of an ab initio emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization: from microemulsion to emulsion.

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been successfully extended to an ab initio emulsion system using a “two-step” procedure, in which the final emulsion polymerization system was formed by adding monomer to an ongoing microemulsion ATRP. The newly developed AGET (activators generated by electron transfer) initiation technique was employed in the first stage of this ab initio ATRP. It allows using oxidatively stable Cu(II) species that is reduced in situ by ascorbic acid. The surfactant concentration in the final emulsion system was efficiently decreased to ∼2 wt % (∼10 wt % vs monomer) by decreasing the catalyst concentration and changing the ratio of the monomer added at the microemulsion stage to the monomer added during the second stage. This two-step procedure avoids the necessity of transporting catalysts through the aqueous media during polymerization, resulting in a controlled emulsion polymerization, as evidenced by a linear first-order kinetic plot and formation of a polymer with a re...
Value of urine cytology versus bladder washing in bladder cancer

A prospective study compared the diagnostic outcome of paired urine cytology and bladder washings in 26 patients as well as the diagnostic accuracy of cytologic reading of voided urine in 43 patients, all with documented bladder cancer. We demonstrate the superiority of bladder washing over voided urine cytology and recommend its routine use in spite of the additional cost and patient discomfort.
Intrathoracic stomach presenting as acute tension gastrothorax

Total intrathoracic stomach creating pulmonary and hemodynamic compromise is a rare life-threatening complication in patients with hiatal hernia. The presentation and clinical course of this condition are discussed. Physicians should consider this entity in patients presenting with apparent tension pneumothorax without history or other evidence of trauma or positive pressure ventilation who do not respond to standard interventions.
Architectural Effects on Acid Reaction-Diffusion Kinetics in Molecular Glass Photoresists

Understanding acid reaction-diffusion kinetics is crucial for controlling the lithographic performance of chemically amplified photoresists. In this work, we study how the molecular architectures of positive-tone chemically amplified molecular glass resists affect the acid reaction-diffusion kinetics during the post-expose bake (PEB) or annealing step. We compare the acid reaction-diffusion kinetics of a common photoacid generator in molecular glass resists with chemical similarity to poly(4-hydroxystyrene), and that are designed with branched and ring architectures. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods are used to measure reaction rate, acid trapping behavior, and acid diffusivity as a function of PEB temperature. We find that the acid reaction-diffusion kinetics in molecular glass resists is correlated to the film molar density that in turn depends on the architecture of the molecular glass molecules. These results allow modeling of the latent image formation in molecular glass...
Gastrointestinal myoelectric activity in a child with gastroschisis and ileal atresia

Gastroschisis is frequently associated with intestinal atresia and alterations in gastrointestinal function. The authors studied gastric and small bowel myoelectric activity in a child who had a complex course and prolonged inability to tolerate oral intake after staged repair of gastroschisis and an associated ileal atresia. The child remained unable to tolerate oral intake after repair of the atresia and was reexplored 3 months later to rule out a partial small bowel obstruction, with simultaneous placement of serosal electrodes on the stomach and proximal small bowel. Persistent gastric dysrhythmias were observed postoperatively, and the child was unable to tolerate gastrostomy tube feedings. Abnormalities were also seen in small bowel motility, including retrograde propagation of activity fronts of the migrating myoelectric complex. However, the intestine converted to a fed myoelectric pattern with tube feedings, and the child was subsequently able to tolerate feedings via a tube placed directly into the small bowel. The authors conclude that myoelectric recordings via implanted electrodes are safe and feasible in children, and may give information regarding underlying motility alterations. The ultimate clinical role of myoelectric recordings in treating children with suspected motility disorders will require further study.
Fundamental mechanisms in congestive heart failure

Abstract The state of congestive heart failure is associated with clear-cut depressions of intrinsic myocardial function. The production and storage of energy in the failing heart are normal, and although the failing heart converts energy to work at a normal efficiency, the rate of this process is decreased. This decreased rate may be caused by a reduction of the activity of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, which in turn may be causally related to the depression of cardiac function. In considering the efficiency of the failing heart, the translation of myocardial tension into useful circulatory work must also be considered. In this case, efficiency could be reduced by geometric factors such as ventricular size and shape and wall thickness or asynchrony of contraction. Finally, the failing heart must depend on supporting mechanisms, such as adrenergic stimulation, for normal function, and in the presence of reduced intrinsic norepinephrine stores, the presence of circulating catecholamines may be important.
An experiment on ant predation in soil using a new bait trap method

To examine which species of ant are underground predators, we invented a simple bait trap using live mealworms as bait. A total of 75 bait traps were buried in soil at various depths (10, 20, 30 and 50 cm) to investigate the vertical distribution of predatory ants. The ants captured in approximately 50% of the traps were mostlyTetramorium caespitum andSolenopsis japonica. Solenopsis japonica was captured at greater depths (>30 m) thanT. caespitum. Eight kinds of soil invertebrate (the earthworm, wood louse, pill bug, millipede, adults of the dung beetle and carabid beetle, larvae of a cetoniine beetle and the earwig), placed in traps at a depth of 10 cm, varied greatly in attractiveness and vulnerability to ant predation. The earthworm and the wood louse were both attractive and vulnerable to ant predation, whereas the pill bug, the dung beetle and the millipede were attractive but not vulnerable. The larvae of a cetoniine beetle, the carabid beetle and the earwig were mostly unattractive.
Families and intensive care nurses: comparison of perceptions.

Abstract This study compared family members' and nurses' perceptions of families' needs when a relative was hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU). Family members ( N = 32) and nurses ( N = 23) completed equivalent 44-item questionnaires. Both family members and nurses agreed that the greatest needs of families were in the categories of Preparation/Physical and Anxiety. Disagreement, however, occurred only on one item that represented the Anxiety category; significantly more nurses felt that families were anxious at admission ( P P P P P
Light microscope immunolocation of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki δ-endotoxin in the midgut and Malpighian tubules of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens

Abstract Light microscope immunofluorescence was used to localize the membrane binding of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki 63-kDa δ-endotoxin in Heliothis virescens midgut and Malpighian tubules. Staining was observed along all exposed mucosal (apical microvillar) plasma membranes. Interpretation of the serosal (basal) plasma membrane staining was complicated because the basal lamina also stained. The results suggest that the toxin binds to all exposed plasma membranes without apparent specificity for particular membrane domains.
Simultaneous HPLC determination of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3 (2H)-furanone and related flavor compounds in strawberries

A rapid methodology (less than 90 min) is described for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3 (W)-furanone (furaneol), furaneol-β-glucoside, and 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3 (2H)-furanone (mesifurane) in strawberries. These compounds were resolved by HPLC with a RP C18 column, using acetate buffer and methanol as binary mobile phase and detection at 280 nm, and confirmed by GC-MS. The aqueous extraction procedure gave an average recovery of these compounds from strawberries > 90%, with detection limits: 0.14 furaneol, 0.05 furaneol-β-glucoside, and 0.36 μg/rnL mesifurane.
Cash, rewards, and benefits in organ transplantation: an open letter to Senator Arlen Specter.

Purpose of review To consider proposals to use financial incentives for organ donors that have become a subject of intense controversy in both lay and medical press (in contradistinction to the removal of financial disincentives, which is essentially noncontroversial although typically not practiced). Recent findings In a concerned response to the shortage of organs the office of Senator Specter of Pennsylvania has been the source of a proposal to amend the 1984 United States National Organ Transplant Act, which has been interpreted to prohibit such incentives. The proposal would permit various forms of financial incentives for donation to no longer be prohibited. Summary The amendment would have unintentional negative consequences that could undermine, rather than strengthen, the national and international organ transplant endeavor. These concerns are considered in my personal correspondence to Senator Specter's office on which the text is based.
Usability & human behavior analysis through real-time performance data

Current usability testing trends involve collection of data that often lacks objectivity in the context of a testing sample (Dumas & Redish, 1999). Usability and heuristic analysis are performed on samples that are often statistically unacceptable as they are characterized by subject opinions and moods. In addition, usability studies and statistical analyses are typically accompanied by the substantial overhead of time constraints and data-collection issues. Through this Web statistical data collection application, we introduce the concept of performance data that can be collected in real-time. The Flash.NET application presented herein captures user information in real-time and sends the information to an ASP.NET application residing on the server through Flash Remoting MX, at which point the data is stored into SQL Server until the ASP.NET application is prepared to perform statistical analysis on the acquired data. The information produced from this study not only provides a framework for future usability analyses, but also a framework for predictors of human behavior in the field of computer graphics.
Reactions of Cp2M(CO)2 and Cp2M(CO)(PPh3) (M = Zr, Hf) with acetylenes: Formation of some metallacyclopentadiene complexes of zirconocene and hafnocene

Abstract The photolysis of Cp 2 Zr(CO) 2 with diphenylacetylene or 3-hexyne yields the respective zirconacyclopentadiene complexes Cp 2 Z(C 4 R 4 ) (R = Ph, Et). The thermolysis of Cp 2 Z(CO) 2 with 3-hexyne or bis(pentafluorophenyl)acetylene also leads to the formation of Cp 2 Z(C 4 R 4 ) (R = Et, C 6 F 5 ). HCl degradation of Cp 2 Zr[C 6 (C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] yields 1,2,3,4-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-1,3-butadiene and Cp 2 ZrCl 2 . When Cp 2 Zr(CO) 2 is heated with diphenylacetylene in a closed vessel, tetraphenylcyclopentadienone is formed along with Cp 2 Zr(C 4 Ph 4 ). The hafnacyclopentadiene complexes Cp 2 Hf(C 4 R 4 ) (R = Ph, C 6 F 5 , Et) are obtained when Cp 2 Hf(CO) 2 is thermolyzed with the respective acetylene in refluxing octane. Complexes Cp 2 Hf(C 4 R 4 ) (R = Ph, Et) are also formed when Cp 2 Hf(CO) 2 is photolyzed with diphenylacetylene or 3-hexyne, respectively. The monocarbonyl-triphenylphosphine complexes Cp 2 M(CO)(PPh 3 ) (M = Zr, Hf) can be prepared via the irradiation of hydrocarbon solutions of Cp 2 M(CO) 2 and triphenylphosphine. These complexes react readily with diphenylacetylene and 3-hexyne at 55–60 °C to afford the corresponding metallacyclopentadiene complexes Cp 2 M(C 4 R 4 ) (M = Zr, Hf; R = Ph, Et). The metallocene dicarbonyls Cp 2 M(CO) 2 (M = Zr, Hf) are readily prepared via the reduction of Cp 2 MCl 2 (M = Zr, Hf) with amalgamated magnesium metal in THF solution under one atmosphere of carbon monoxide.
Language barriers and patient-centered breast cancer care

Abstract Objective Provision of high quality patient-centered care is fundamental to eliminating healthcare disparities in breast cancer. We investigated physicians’ experiences communicating with limited English proficient (LEP) breast cancer patients. Methods Survey of a random sample of California oncologists and surgeons. Results Of 301 respondents who reported treating LEP patients, 46% were oncologists, 75% male, 68% in private practice, and on average 33% of their patients had breast cancer. Only 40% reported at least sometimes using professional interpretation services. Although 75% felt they were usually able to communicate effectively with LEP patients, more than half reported difficulty discussing treatment options and prognosis, and 56% acknowledged having less-patient-centered treatment discussions with LEP breast cancer patients. In multivariate analysis, use of professional interpreters was associated with 53% lower odds of reporting less-patient-centered treatment discussions (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.26–0.85). Conclusion California surgeons and oncologists caring for breast cancer patients report substantial communication challenges when faced with a language barrier. Although use of professional interpreters is associated with more patient-centered communication, there is a low rate of professional interpreter utilization. Practice implications Future research and policy should focus on increasing access to and reimbursement for professional interpreter services.
Flow and frequency dependent viscosity of blood and blood-dextran mixtures.

Abstract To evaluate quantitatively the viscosity of blood under pulsatile conditions in vivo , steady flow viscosity is inadequate, since the oscillatory viscosity of blood is ignored. A comparison was, therefore, made between steady flow apparent viscosity and the equivalent viscosity (the viscosity under oscillatory flow conditions). It was found that the equivalent viscosity of blood and blood-dextran mixture was significantly higher than the steady flow apparent viscosity, at all frequencies.
Message from conference general chair

On behalf of the Organizing Committee, it is my pleasure to welcome you to the 27th IEEE International System-on-Chip Conference (SOCC 2014). The IEEE SOCC is the premier forum for sharing advances in system-on-chip technologies, designs, tools, test, verification and applications. The conference provides a platform for researchers and engineers throughout the world to exchange knowledge, share experiences and develop collaborations. This year, we have experts from over 20 countries presenting their work at SOCC 2014, making the conference truly international. SOCC is proud of being the IEEE conference with the longest history in System-on-Chip area. We maintain high standards and originality through a double-blind peer review process, which includes verification against plagiarism. In addition, the conference provides visionary keynotes and plenary speeches by distinguished industry leaders. This year, we are excited to welcome Tom Beckley (Sr. VP of RD Scott Runner (VP, Qualcomm) and Jeffrey Brown (Distinguished Engineer, IBM) for plenary speeches; and Paul Eremenko (Director, Project Ara, Google) for the Banquet speech. We also have a high-profile panel including Jeffrey Brown (Distinguished Engineer, IBM), C. Norris Ip (Solutions Group Director, Cadence), Ram Krishnamurthy (Sr. Principal Engineer, Intel), Nigel Parver (ARM Fellow), and Sakir Sezer (Director of Research, Queen's University Belfast and CTO, titanic systems).
Real-time optical detection of competitive surface hybridization on microarrays

Application of microarrays for single nucleotide polymorphims (SNPs) has a limited appeal currently due to low reliability of experimental results. Theoretical and experimental studies of surface hybridization of heterozygous samples allow us to identify two factors of observed instabilities. First, reactions may not reach thermodynamic equilibrium in the course of the experiment and second, competitive displacement of low affinity species by high affinity species is the mechanism defining specificity of molecular recognition. Here we describe a real time optical detection arrangement that facilitated the detection of competitive displacement between a wild-type target and a SNP target. Results show that even when the SNP is an order of magnitude lower in concentration (100 pM) then the wild-type target, the kinetics of the SNP hybridization affects hybridization of the wild-type target. Additionally, results show that observed binding kinetics can be altered by adjusting the concentration of the SNP without changing the concentration of the wild-type target. These results have significance when considering what needs to be accounted for when analyzing real time hybridization data.
An Analysis of International Partnership Programs: The Case of an Historically Disadvantaged Institution in South Africa.

International academic partnerships have the potential to enhance the participating institution’s efforts to become actors in the global educational arena. The ability of partnerships to realize their objectives is affected by the relationship that the partner members have with one another and the mutual benefit each receives from the agreement. This article examines the dynamics of an academic partnership between Transformed University an historically disadvantaged institution in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa and three international partners from the US, Canada, and the European Economic Community. The paper illuminates a variety of factors including history, organizational culture, and globalization forces that affect the success of academic partnerships to reach their stated objectives.
A study of primary surveillance radar traffic and its utility via ADS-B uplink

A pilot flying with a typical Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) can see traffic positions broadcast air-to-air via Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) or broadcast ground-to-air via the Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) or ADS-B Rebroadcast (ADS-R). The TIS-B service broadcasts position information of all transponding aircraft seen by a secondary surveillance radar. Aircraft operating under visual flight rules who are not transponding are only sensed by primary surveillance radars and are not broadcast via TIS-B today. One method to provide a more complete traffic picture to pilots and to aid in future integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the National Airspace System (NAS) is to broadcast primary radar traffic information as a primary TIS-B (pTIS-B) message. Numerous questions need to be addressed about the nature of non-cooperative, i.e., non-transponding, primary aircraft before their positions can be broadcast and influence the decision making of pilots, UAS pilots, or automatic sense-and-avoid algorithms on-board unmanned aircraft. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of primary radar targets from an Air Route Surveillance Radar (ARSR-4) in Finley, North Dakota to help gain insight to these questions. Eight months of radar data were collected from January through August, 2012. Numerous methods were used to distinguish real aircraft from primary radar clutter so that a good estimate of the total number of primary aircraft flights could be calculated and the nature of the flights assessed. ADS-B reports were also collected over the same eight month period, mostly containing the flight data from operations by the University of North Dakota flight training school. The ADS-B and primary aircraft datasets were merged to study the frequency and nature of situations in which the two aircraft types encounter each other at various ranges to assess inherent safety risk and pilot workload visually acquiring traffic. The results indicate a large number of non-transponder flight operations in the eastern half of North Dakota. While a rare occurrence, ADS-B aircraft did occasionally operate within close proximity to non-transponding aircraft. This paper will present the analysis methodology and statistical results of the study performed researching the application of primary radar data in TIS-B as a potential source for uplink to ADS-B equipped aircraft. MITRE also developed a test platform to further investigate the end-to-end possibilities of broadcasting pTIS-B messages. The work to construct this test platform is described and some thoughts on future work are considered.
Another brief proof of the Sylvester theorem

(1988). Another Brief Proof of the Sylvester Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 95, No. 10, pp. 932-933.
Direct effects of minoxidil on epidermal cells in culture

Minoxidil, a potent antihypertensive agent, induces generalized hypertrichosis when administered systemically, or localized hair regrowth when applied topically to sites of severe alopecia areata. The pharmacologic mechanisms by which minoxidil stimulates hair growth are unknown. This study was designed to examine whether minoxidil has direct effects on neonatal murine epidermal cells in culture. In the presence of minoxidil, cultures showed a marked dose-dependent second peak of DNA synthesis 8–10 days after culture initiation. In addition, two morphologically distinct cell types appeared. Indirect immunofluorescence staining with keratin-specific antibody revealed cytoplasmic keratin fibers, suggesting the epidermal origin of these cells. Our experiments demonstrate that minoxidil can affect epidermal cells in culture by altering their growth pattern and phenotypic appearance.
Assemblages of mammalian hair and blood-feeding midges (Insecta: Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Miocene amber

Five new fossil species of the Recent genus of blood-feeding sand flies Lutzomyia (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) are described: L. filipalpis, L. miocena, L. paleopestis, L. schleei, and L. succini. All are preserved in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic; today Hispaniola harbours only two known species of this genus. Recent Lutzomyia feed on a wide variety of terrestrial vertebrates, including reptiles, birds, and mammals. Three rare pieces of the amber are reported, two described in detail, which preserved assemblages of Lutzomyia swarms with strands of mammalian hair, indicating that at least some of the fossil species were mammal feeders. Microstructure of the fossil hair offers little diagnostic evidence, but is very similar to that of insectivores in the Solenodontidae. Further preserved evidence indicates that the fossil midges swarmed about an arboreal nest or site of decayed wood that was worked by a mammal, but at very specific times during formation of the amber. Other very rare Dominican amber pieces containing a flea and an ixodid tick also contain mammalian hairs of similar microstructure, together with Lutzomyia sandflies, possibly reflecting the ectoparasite community of a Miocene mammal. This parasitic association has implications regarding the evolution of vectors of mammalian pathogens like Leishmania and the study further reveals the extent of palaeobiological inference that is possible with amber.
Feasibility of stationary digital breast tomosynthesis as an effective screening tool for patients with augmentation mammoplasty

Conventional mammography techniques used for imaging patients that have undergone augmentation mammoplasty produce substandard images, incomplete evaluation of breast tissue, and can cause discomfort to the patient. Typically, four images of each breast are acquired (double the amount of a patient without implants), two with the implant in view and two "pushback" views, which moves the implant posteriorly out of the field of view. The "pushback" view can be difficult to perform when there is encapsulation of the breast tissue around the implant. In severe cases, performing the technique can cause unwarranted pain to the patient. This technique can also result in up to a three times increase in procedure time which leads to lower patient throughput. Using 2D mammography, it is difficult to interpret tissue above and below implants due to the overlap of breast tissue and implant. Recently, Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) has been shown to aid in the localization and diagnosis of breast masses by removing underlying and overlying tissue from the plane of interest in 3D space. However, commercial DBT systems have motion blurring of the projection images associated with x-ray source motion. To overcome this limitation, stationary DBT (s-DBT) has been developed. Here we report the feasibility of using s-DBT as an effective screening tool for patients who have undergone augmentation mammoplasty. Qualitative image analysis is completed on reconstruction images of tomosynthesis phantoms combined with implants. Reconstruction images show that it is possible to locate lesions above and below the implant using a clinically relevant entrance dose.
Evaluation of activated carbon filters for removal of ozone at the PPB level.

Performance of filters for the removal of ozone at ambient concentration is characterized. The removal efficiency and pressure drop of 10 commercial filters—including 8 made of granule or powdered activated carbon, 1 activated carbon fiber filter, and 1 packed bed made of an ozone catalyst—were measured for an influent ozone concentration of 120 ppb at 50% relative humidity and 2.54 m/sec face velocity. Activated carbon filters can be very effective at ozone removal, although not indefinitely because chemical reactions of ozone and carbon change the carbon. Initial efficiencies of the 1.27-cm thick flat samples varied from 4.6 to 98.3%. Analysis of the structure and composition of the filters with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectrometry showed chemical reactions permanently changed the composition of the carbon and decreased the surface area. Consequently, removal efficiency decreased with use. Moreover, it was not feasible to regenerate the filters by simply removing them from o...
A new flavor of spam: solicitation received as a patron book request

An exploration as to whether marketing by publishing companies by anonymously recommending titles for purchase actually influences library acquisitions.
Interorganizational resource networks: Formal patterns of overlap

Abstract In this paper, we analyze an interorganizational resource network involving three resources—information, money, and support-and a broad range of 73 organizations in a medium size American community. Mutuality is strongest for information flows, and weakest for money flows. “Multiplex” patternings—flows of two media in the same direction—are found for all three pairs of resources, while “exchange” effects—flows of two media in opposite directions—involving information and money, and information and support, but not money and support, are also indicated. Moreover, the tendencies toward symmetry in the information and support networks are accentuated in the presence of one another. The analysis suggests that information flows play a crucial role in conditioning the flows of the other resources, and that they may be a precondition to the establishment of more elaborate interorganizational networks.
Chiral Separations: A Comparison of Hplc and TLC

Abstract Comparisons are made for separations attained in normalphase HPLC and TLC involving N-carbobenzyloxy-glycyl-L-proline and (+/−)−10-camphorsulfonic acid as chiral mobile phase additives/chiral counter ions (CMA). Possible reasons for differences in stereoselectivity of β-cyclodextrin CMA and chiral stationary phases (CSP) are discussed. In addition, differences in solubility and proposed separation mechanisms for native cyclodextrins (CD) versus derivatized CD are discussed. Inherent differences in high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) methods are outlined. The pros and cons of using HPLC and TLC are considered.