cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influence of interpersonal aggression on maternal perceptions of infant emotions: Associations with early parenting quality.

The current study tested the hypothesis that mothers who have experienced child maltreatment and aggression within their adult relationships may be at particular risk for misinterpreting infant emotions, leading to less sensitive parenting behaviors. Participants were 120 pregnant women recruited for a larger, longitudinal study investigating the role of psychosocial and environmental risk on women and their young children. Data were collected during the third trimester of pregnancy, and when children were 1 and 2 years of age. Participants completed a projective test designed to elicit individual differences in perceptions of infant emotions and an observer-rated assessment of parenting behaviors was conducted in the family home. Using structural equation modeling, we tested associations between maternal interpersonal aggression exposure and perceptions of infant emotion and parenting behaviors. RESULTS demonstrated that a history of child abuse and intimate partner conflict were associated with a maternal tendency to view ambiguous infant facial expressions as negative (i.e., negative attribution bias), and in turn, with less parenting sensitivity over time. FINDINGS suggest that negative attributions of infant emotion may be 1 mechanism by which a history of trauma and violence exposure contributes to less sensitive parenting for some mothers. Implications for intervention include the need for trauma-informed clinical services and psychoeducational methods that help mothers more accurately read and respond to infant emotional expression and bids for connection. (PsycINFO Database Record Language: en
GWU-HASP-2015$@$QALB-2015 Shared Task: Priming Spelling Candidates with Probability

In this paper, we describe our system HASP-2015 (Hybrid Arabic Spelling and Punctuation Corrector) in which we introduce significant improvements over our previous version HASP-2014 and with which we participated in the QALB2015 Second Shared Task on Arabic Error Correction. Our system utilizes probabilistic information on errors and their possible corrections in the training data and combine that with an open-source reference dictionary (or word list) for detecting errors and generating and filtering candidates. We enhance our system further by allowing it to generate candidates for common semantic and grammatical errors. Eventually, an n-gram language model is used for selecting best candidates. We use a CRF (Conditional Random Fields) classifier for correcting punctuation errors in a two-pass process where first the system learns punctuation placement, and then it learns to identify punctuation types.
How to review a manuscript.

Background Peer review of submitted manuscripts is widely perceived as a cornerstone of assuring quality in academic journals. However, in medical school and beyond, dermatologic surgeons receive minimal instruction in the methodology of critically reviewing new literature. Objective To guide new or less experienced reviewers through the steps of assessing a manuscript for the journal. To clarify the most important elements of the review and to discuss common pitfalls and their avoidance. Methods A stepwise template was suggested on how to review manuscripts. Results An algorithmic approach to reviewing a paper can demystify the process, increase efficiency, and reduce the likelihood that important elements of the review will be omitted or overlooked. Nonetheless, this recommended approach is a starting point, and individual reviewers would be expected to modify it to reflect their particular preferences and to adapt it to specific papers. Conclusion Reviewing a manuscript for the journal is amenable to a simple algorithmic approach. Encouraging recent graduates and others to review for the journal by clarifying the process can further assist the editorial staff in selecting the best manuscripts and improving these before publication.
Skeletal outcomes by peripheral quantitative computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa

We conducted the first comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) outcomes in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. We observed deficits in bone density by both tools. pQCT assessments were associated with many of the same clinical parameters as have been previously established for DXA. Adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) commonly exhibit bone loss, but effects on bone geometry are less clear. We compared measures obtained by DXA and pQCT in girls with AN. Seventy females (age 15.5 ± 1.9 years ) with AN and 132 normal-weighted controls underwent tibial measures by pQCT including trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at the 3 % site, cortical vBMD and dimensions at the 38 % site, and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) at the 66 % site. Participants with AN also underwent standard DXA measures. Independent t tests compared the pQCT results, while Pearson coefficient assessed correlations among DXA and pQCT measures. Trabecular vBMD Z-scores were lower in AN compared to controls (AN −0.31 ± 1.42 vs +0.11 ± 1.01, p = 0.01) and cortical vBMD Z-scores were higher (AN +0.18 ± 0.92 vs −0.50 ± 0.88, p < 0.001). Trabecular vBMD and cortical CSA Z-scores positively correlated with DXA BMD Z-scores (r range 0.57–0.82, p < 0.001). Markers of nutritional status positively correlated with Z-scores for trabecular vBMD, cortical CSA, section modulus, and muscle CSA (p < 0.04 for all). This study is the first to compare DXA and pQCT measurements in adolescent girls with AN. We observed deficits in BMD by both DXA and pQCT. pQCT assessments correlated well with DXA bone and body composition measures and were associated with many of the same clinical parameters and disease severity markers as have been previously established for DXA. The differences in cortical vBMD merit further study.
Confocal Imaging of the Microtubule Cytoskeleton in C. elegans Embryos and Germ Cells

The microtubule cytoskeleton plays important roles in a number of cellular processes including cell division, establishing and maintaining cell architecture and polarity, and intracellular trafficking. The identification and characterization of factors required for the proper functioning of the microtubule cytoskeleton have been aided by approaches that combine sensitive and rapid methods for high-resolution optical imaging, such as confocal microscopy, with the powerful genetics available in model organisms. Here we present methods for confocal imaging of live and fixed tissues of the nematode C. elegans, a model organism that has been employed with great success to study the microtubule cytoskeleton and its roles in cell division and cell polarity.
Raised ICP in Head Injury, Its Significance, Causes and Therapy

ICP 6 contained interesting new information on the pathophysiology of acute brain insults, especially in the field of experimental and clinical head injury which occupy the substance of this particular review.
“I Found God in The Glory Hole”: The Moral Career of a Gay Christian

This article examines processes wherein Gay Christian men transition from closeted religious people to openly Gay Christians. Based on 36 months of fieldwork in a southeastern lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) Christian church and a synthesis of research into LGBT Christian experience over the past 25 years, we conceptualize these transformations as a moral career consisting of (1) essentializing religious belief and practice (2) emotionalizing early religious experience, (3) spiritualizing coming out of the closet and religion, and (4) sexualizing coming back to religious participation. In so doing, Gay Christian men interpreted the stages of their lives as an ongoing sexual–religious process wherein they became the spiritual and sexual beings they believed God always wanted them to be. In conclusion, we draw out implications for understanding (1) the moral career of a Gay Christian, (2) the usefulness of conceptualizing religious and sexual transitions as elements of a moral career, and (3) the reproduction of religious privilege.
Breaking Tensions, Building Bridges

August 2012. A strange parcel arrives in my mailbox at work one day – a small, brown package decoratively wrapped in a royal-blue satin ribbon. Checking the return address, I gasp when I see the name of the sender – Caroline Sherritt. I clutch the brown box in my hand, run to my office, and slam the door.
Selection of CD34+ HSC from Pooled Cord Blood Samples Does Not Result in Co-Purification of Potential Alloreactive CD3+ T Cells.

Most systems for studying the ex vivo expansion of human UCB-HSC require enrichment of the HSC population, typically by CD34 selection. Because the number of HSC present in a single UCB collection is limited, one approach to increase the total HSC is to pool multiple UCB samples. A potential complicating factor with this method is that alloreactive T lymphocytes present in whole UCB samples would be expected to bind to cells displaying allogeneic HLA, including HSC, and would therefore co-purify with CD34 + UCB-HSC during isolation. Such complexes would be excluded from ISHAGE analysis by the side scatter gate, which is set to exclude aggregates. Alloreactive T cells would be expected to contain cytotoxic T lymphocytes [CTL], which could potentially inhibit or completely abrogate HSC expansion. In order to determine whether CD3 + T lymphocytes co-purify with CD34 + UCB-HSC in pooled samples, UCB pools were prepared containing 2 to 4 UCB samples. CD34 + HSC were isolated by MACS and analyzed by flow cytometry and antibodies to human CD45, CD34 and CD3, with and without ISHAGE gates. Samples of CD34 + HSC purified from a single UCB collection were analyzed concurrently to give the background value for co-purification of syngeneic T cells and formation of T:HSC aggregates in the CD34-selected products. We found a limited number of CD3 + T cells present in CD34 + HSC isolated from single UCB collections [mean = 0.25%, range = 0 – 1.1%]. That value was slightly elevated when pools of UCB were used [mean = 0.44%; range = 0 – 1.9%]. There are few, if any, CD34 + /CD3 + cells that can be detected by either the standard ISHAGE gating or by gating merely on CD45 + cells with no side scatter gating [0.02 – 0.04%]. This was true of CD34 + HSC isolated from either pooled UCB or single UCB collections. Based on these results, we conclude that there is not significant co-purification of CD3 + T cells with CD34 + UCB-HSC, and that any such complexes that form are not found at any greater frequency in UCB pools than in single UCB collections.
Market Share as a Measure of Performance: Conceptual Issues and Financial Accountability for Marketing Activities within a Firm

Given the ever increasing pressure on marketers to demonstrate the value of their activities to the firm, the present literature review focuses on market share as a performance measure and its relationship to profitability. The paper attempts to contribute to the area of marketing performance measurement in several ways: a) in order to enhance the ability to measure marketing performance for future empirical studies, the refined conceptualization of the market share metric is presented; b) the conducted review of market share – profitability link synthesizes the findings and reveals a rather fragmented and contradicting nature of empirical studies; as a result, several research questions are formulated to (1) help academic scholars in guiding their efforts for future research and to (2) assist practitioners in improving their ability to account for marketing’s contribution to the overall organizational performance and maintain marketing’s stature within organizations.
Assessing demand for wheelchair use.

The means available to prison medical staff for evaluating, treating, and, when appropriate, weaning inmates from wheelchair use that is not medically indicated. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Cancer Survivors: A Physician’s Perspective

During the past three decades since the declaration of a war on cancer with the National Cancer Act of 1971, we have been exposed to a very public display of both the challenges and triumphs in this war. As a young medical oncologist, I anxiously awaited each annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), expecting to hear the latest small advances in the treatment of leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, and then breast cancer (the first solid tumor that seemed to respond to multiagent chemotherapy), gradually seeing plateaus in the survival curves suggesting cure. With the phase II trials of cisplatinum, there were rumors of young men with advanced testicular cancer rising from their deathbeds after a single course of treatment. Soon thereafter, the Einhorn regimen1 of vinblastine, bleomycin and cisplatin, brought about high cure rates in this rare but devastating cancer of young men. And of course, three decades later we all know the story of Lance Armstrong, one of the world’s most famous testicular cancer survivors. However, as the breast cancer activists reminded us in the early 1990s, there were still more American women dying each year from breast cancer than U.S. deaths during the entire Vietnam War.2*
Germination responses to abiotic stress shape species distributions on coastal dunes

Plant species occupy distinct zones on coastal dunes, but the mechanisms limiting their distributions have not been fully explained. We combined field surveys of plant distributions and abiotic conditions with controlled germination experiments to assess the contribution of germination requirements to plant zonation. Species presence and abiotic conditions were measured in ten transects across the barrier dune at Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts. Germinating seeds of six species were exposed to four fully crossed treatments: pre-treatment (soaked in fresh water, soaked in salt water, or not soaked), temperature (low, moderate, or high), soil salinity (none, moderate, or high), and light (full light, shade, dark). Species distributions in the field were affected by both distance from the shore and presence of dominant shrubs. Germination tolerance of soil salinity reflected species zonation: species found on the front slope of the dune tolerated salinity, while germination of other species was limited by salinity alone or by salinity in combination with high temperature. Shrubs reduced soil surface temperature and decreased light, but these conditions had limited effects on germination. These results indicate that limitations to germination can contribute to explaining species distributions on coastal dunes.
The Association of Unmet Needs With Subsequent Retention in Care and HIV Suppression Among Hospitalized Patients With HIV Who Are Out of Care.

Background Unmet needs among hospitalized patients with HIV may prevent engagement in HIV care leading to worse clinical outcomes. Our aim was to examine the role of unmet subsistence needs (eg, housing, transportation, and food) and medical needs (eg, mental health and substance abuse treatment) as barriers for retention in HIV care and viral load (VL) suppression. Methods We used data from the Mentor Approach for Promoting Patients' Self-Care intervention study, the enrolled hospitalized HIV patients at a large publicly funded hospital between 2010 and 2013, who were out-of-care. We examined the effect of unmet needs on retention in HIV care (attended HIV appointments within 0-30 days and 30-180 days) and VL suppression, 6 months after discharge. Results Four hundred seventeen participants were enrolled, 78% reported having ≥1 unmet need at baseline, most commonly dental care (55%), financial (43%), or housing needs (34%). Participants with unmet needs at baseline, compared to those with no needs, were more likely to be African American, have an existing HIV diagnosis and be insured. An unmet need for transportation was associated with lower odds of retention in care [odds ratio (OR): 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34 to 0.94, P = 0.03], even after adjusting for other factors. Compared to participants with no need, those who reported ≥3 unmet subsistence needs were less likely to demonstrate VL improvement (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.92; P = 0.03) and to be retained in care (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.95; P = 0.03). Conclusion Broader access to programs that can assist in meeting subsistence needs among hospitalized patients could have significant individual and public health benefits.
Costs of Acute Headache Medication Use and Productivity Losses Among Patients with Migraine: Insights from Three Randomized Controlled Trials.

Migraine is associated with a substantial physical and emotional burden for patients. There is also a large economic burden associated with migraine, in terms of lost productivity and healthcare resource use. By reducing the number of monthly migraine days (MMD) experienced by patients, effective preventive treatments can reduce acute medication use and costs of lost productivity. Patient level data from three erenumab clinical trials (NCT02456740, NCT02483585 and NCT02066415) were combined and migraine day frequencies were examined. The number of days per month on which patients used acute medication was estimated as a function of MMD. Productivity losses were estimated based on patient responses to the Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models were used to predict acute medication use and productivity losses per MMD. The results demonstrated that as MMD increased, use of acute medication also increased. Similarly, as MMD increased, loss of productivity (due to absenteeism and presenteeism) also increased. The relationship of MMD to both acute headache medication use and lost productivity was non-linear, with marginal outcomes increasing with frequency. As MMD increased, acute medication use and productivity loss also increased, but the relationship was non-linear. Therefore, it is important that the distribution of MMD patients is accounted for when estimating the outcomes of migraine patients. By reducing the MMD experienced by patients, effective preventive agents may reduce the requirement for acute medication and also reduce productivity loss, which may translate into potential economic savings.
Silicon-Compatible Fabrication of Inverse Woodpile Photonic Crystals with a Complete Band Gap

Three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals can provide access to very interesting and unique properties for ultimate control and manipulation of photons, not possible otherwise. However, widespread i...
Odd nuclei in the “Wild west”

Much has been learned recently concerning the structure of odd-odd nuclei in thef-p-g shell. Regular rotational bands appear above a complex of low-lying levels. The yrast π=+ bands have the most consistent structure because of their uniqueπg9/2⊗νg9/2 structure. Their moments of inertia and signature splittings show a sharp change atI≈9h, indicating a change from single-particle to collective behavior. Large alternations arising from the single-particle-core coupling characterize theB(M1) strengths. There is more variation in the π=− bands due to the variety of possible structures.
Pedagogical Evaluation of Automatically Generated Questions

Automatic Question Generation from text is a critical component of educational technology applications such as Intelligent Tutoring Systems. We describe an automatic question generator that uses semantic-based templates. We evaluate the system along with two comparable systems for both linguistic quality and pedagogical value of generated questions and find that our system outperforms prior work.
The Role of Female Directors in the Boardroom: Examining Their Impact on Competitive Dynamics:

This study contributes simultaneously to research on women board members and competitive dynamics by investigating two unresolved research questions: What is the effect of female directors on the f...
Photic and Neural Control of Indoleamine Metabolism in the Rat Pineal Gland

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the control of indoleamine metabolism in the mammalian pineal gland by the sympathetic nervous system and its modification by environmental lighting. The mammalian pineal gland is rich in indoles as well as the enzymes that synthesize and metabolize these compounds. All of the enzymic machinery necessary for the formation of melatonin from tryptophan is present in the rat pineal. In mammals, the enzyme involved in the O-methylation of N-acetylserotonin (hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase) is found only in the pineal. The activity of the melatonin-forming enzyme, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), is affected by environmental lighting. Information about lighting reaches the rat pineal gland via the retina, medial forebrain bundle, and the superior cervical ganglia. Environmental lighting also influences this 5-HTP decarboxylase activity and diurnal variation in the 5-HT level in the pineal. The effects of light on the synthesis and storage of 5-HT is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system.
Telesuit: design and implementation of an immersive user-centric telepresence control suit

Telepresence takes place when a user is afforded the experience of being in a remote environment or a virtual world, through the use of immersive technologies. The development of a humanoid robot and a control apparatus that correlates the operator's movements, and provides sufficient sensory feedback, encompass efforts to create such immersive technologies. This paper considers the control mechanisms that afford telepresence, the requirements for continuous or extended telepresence control, and the health implications of engaging in complex time-constrained tasks. We present the Telesuit - a full-body telepresence control system used to operate a humanoid telepresence robot. The suit is part of a larger system that considers the physical constraints of controlling a dexterous bimanual robotic torso, and the need for modular hardware and software that allow for high-fidelity immserviness. It incorporates a health-monitoring system that allows the robotic platform to leverage information such as respiratory effort, galvanic skin response, and heart rate, to adjust the telepresence experience and apply control modalities that automate manipulation tasks. Furthermore, the design of the garment considers both functionality and aesthetics, and sets preface for future implementations of wearable telepresence control systems that integrate into the Internet of Actions (IoA) - allowing operators to interchangeably transition between the physical world and mixed-reality or virtual worlds.
Acellular Fish Skin Graft Use for Diabetic Lower Extremity Wound Healing: A Retrospective Study of 58 Ulcerations and a Literature Review.

Objective This retrospective study evaluates the efficacy of acellular fish skin graft for the treatment of full-thickness diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). The primary objective is to calculate the total wound surface area (cm2) healed over a 16-week period. The secondary objective is to provide a systematic review on acellular fish skin grafts. Materials and methods There were 51 patients with a total of 58 DFUs treated with an acellular fish skin graft by the principal investigator. The initial wound surface area at first application was compared with the final wound surface area to conclude the percentage of total wound healed over a 16-week treatment period. Results At 16 weeks, there was a mean reduction of wound surface area by 87.57% and 35 wounds (60.34%) fully healed. The systematic literature review included 10 fish graft articles, 3 of which specifically evaluated lower extremity ulcers. The reviewed studies supported improved wound healing with fish graft application, with benefits noted in dentistry, neurology, and wound care. Conclusions This retrospective study further supports previous evidence that acellular fish skin graft promotes wound healing in DFUs. In particular, a rapid increase in wound healing was observed during the initial 4 weeks following graft application. This study and review of the literature indicated that fish graft encourages wound healing by enabling the wound to transition from a chronic to an acute stage of healing.
The Purposeful Pain of Drug Addiction: A Biocultural Approach

In the United States, there are two familiar ways to explain addiction: a moral failing or a brain disease. Anthropologists have often recreated these familiar explanations. On the cultural side, instead of a moral problem, it is a social problem, with addiction caused by inequality. On the biological side, the brain is vulnerable to the “false fitness signals” that pleasurable drugs provide. Both approaches fail by being too familiar. Addiction is deeply strange. People who abuse alcohol and drugs say they want to stop; their lives are often filled with pain. Yet they continue to use in spite of what they say and feel. This chapter examines how addicts get caught in a pattern that causes misery, rather than the relief or pleasure that many initially find in drugs. But it does not offer a simple answer to the question, Why do they do that to themselves? Anthropologists, like society at large, have often rendered what is unfamiliar, even exotic, about addiction into familiar and facile terms. This chapter takes an alternate tack, examining how bioarchaeology has addressed substance use and abuse, covering prominent evolutionary and social science approaches to addiction, and finally describing how neuroanthropology, which brings together neuroscience and anthropology, aims to explain addiction. Ethnography and brain research can facilitate a biocultural approach that combines science and humanism, and offer ways to better grasp addiction as a purposeful habit, a way of coping that becomes ritualized in ways that creates consequences beyond any individual’s control.
Postural Stability and Dynamic Balance in Adult Spinal Deformity: Prospective Pilot Study.

Objective We sought to evaluate dynamic balance and postural stability in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) compared with published age-matched normative data. Methods Eleven patients with ASD were prospectively enrolled. Postural stability was tested using static and dynamic posturography; patients stood on a movable platform with an integrated force plate and performed standardized sensory organization testing (SOT), evaluating the influence of sensory processing on postural stability under 6 conditions, and motor control testing, assessing reflexive postural reactions to an external perturbation. Patient performance was compared with that of published age-matched controls. Quality of life metrics included scores on the Scoliosis Research Society−22 questionnaire, SF-36, and Morse Fall Scale. Correlations between postural stability and radiographic measurements were performed. Results ASD patients demonstrated significantly lower SOT scores (P ≤ 0.03) in 5 of 6 conditions tested and greater latency of limb movement during backward translation (P = 0.04) compared with controls. Lower SOT scores were associated with a history of falls. ASD patients who self-reported falling in the previous 6 months, when compared with nonfallers, demonstrated significantly lower SOT scores (P = 0.04) and significantly lower Scoliosis Research Society−22 self-image subscores (P = 0.003). Thoracic kyphosis and mediolateral sway (predictor of falls) were positively correlated in the eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions (P ≤ 0.04). Conclusions ASD patients demonstrated impaired postural stability, diminished sensory integration, and delayed response to external perturbations compared with normal control data. Postural stability and quality of life metrics correlated with self-reported falls. These findings suggest that ASD patients have abnormal postural stability and may be at elevated risk of falls.
New approach to intranuclear cascades with quantum Monte Carlo configurations

We propose a novel semiclassical approach to intranuclear cascades, which takes as input quantum Monte Carlo nuclear configurations and uses a semiclassical, impact-parameter-based algorithm to model the propagation of protons and neutrons in the nuclear medium. We successfully compare our simulations to available proton-carbon scattering data and nuclear-transparency measurements. By analyzing the dependence of the simulated observables upon the ingredients entering our intranuclear cascade algorithm, we provide a quantitative understanding of their impact. Particular emphasis is devoted to the role played by nuclear correlations, the Pauli exclusion principle, and interaction probability distributions.
Countless Blessings: A History of Childbirth and Reproduction in the Sahel: by Barbara M. Cooper, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2019, xii + 345 pp.

Barbara M. Cooper’s Countless Blessings: A History of Childbirth and Reproduction in the Sahel offers a masterful contribution to the literature that bridges women’s lived experiences and the abstr...
The Role of Robotic Surgery in Rectal Prolapse

The incidence of pelvic floor disorders has been rapidly increasing in the last decades. Surgical management and repair techniques have evolved with the introduction of laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVMR), which has become the favored treatment for rectal prolapse for many of surgeons around the world.
The local topological free energy of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infects human cells using a mechanism that involves binding and structural rearrangement of its spike protein. Understanding protein rearrangement and identifying specific residues where mutations affect protein rearrangement has attracted a lot of attention for drug development. We use a mathematical method introduced in [9] to associate a local topological/geometrical free energy along the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein backbone. Our results show that the total local topological free energy of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein monotonically decreases from pre-to post-fusion and that its distribution along the protein domains is related to their activity in protein rearrangement. By using density functional theory (DFT) calculations with inclusion of solvent effects, we show that high local topological free energy conformations are unstable compared to those of low topological free energy. By comparing to experimental data, we find that the high local topological free energy conformations in the spike protein are associated with mutations which have the largest experimentally observed effect to protein rearrangement.
Graph Frequency Analysis of COVID-19 Incidence to Identify County-Level Contagion Patterns in the United States

The COVID-19 pandemic severely changed the way of life in the United States (US). From early scattered regional outbreaks to current country-wide spread, and from rural areas to highly populated cities, the contagion exhibits diverse patterns at various timescales and locations. We thus conduct a graph frequency analysis to inves- tigate the spread patterns of COVID-19 in different US counties. The commute flows between all 3142 US counties were used to construct a graph capturing the population mobility. The numbers of daily confirmed COVID-19 cases per county were collected and represented as graph signals, which were then mapped into the frequency domain via the graph Fourier transform. The concept of graph frequency in Graph Signal Processing (GSP) enables the decomposition of graph signals (i.e., daily confirmed cases) into modes with smooth or rapid variations with respect to the underlying mobility graph. These different modes of variability are shown to relate to COVID-19 spread patterns within and across counties. Changes in the nature of spread within geographical regions are also revealed by graph frequency analysis at finer temporal scales. Overall, our GSP-based approach leverages case count and mobility data to unveil spatio-temporal contagion patterns of COVID-19 incidence for each US county. Results here support the promising prospect of using GSP tools for epidemiology knowledge discovery on graphs.
Cardiovascular disease among diabetic women with bilateral oophorectomy.

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women and the risk is increased threefold in diabetics. In postmenopausal diabetics, the ovary responds to hyperinsulinemia by increasing secretion of testosterone precursors which increases the risk of CVD. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-2010) and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures were used to test the hypothesis that a history of bilateral oophorectomy -surgical removal of both ovaries-would decrease the risk of CVD among postmenopausal diabetic women due to reduced androgen levels. Logistic regression, discrete time logit model, B-Spline regression and Cox proportional hazards models were performed with adjusted estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated. Overall, the studies comprised of 17,549 postmenopausal women with approximately 17.1 % having a history of diabetes Mellitus. Additionally, 24.1% of diabetic women had undergone bilateral oophorectomy with 55% of these having the surgery before age 45 years. Diabetics were more likely to be obese, live a more sedentary lifestyle, have dyslipidemia and were more likely to report a higher prevalence of stroke and myocardial infarction than non diabetics at baseline. Women who had oophorectomy before age 45 years were more likely to be nulliparous and report a family history of myocardial infarction. Diabetic women with oophorectomy had lower levels of total testosterone compared to diabetic women with intact ovaries or naturally menopausal non-diabetic women, which was independent of age and body mass index (p=0.016). In multivariable regression models, bilateral oophorectomy was predictive of prevalent CVD in diabetics (Odds ratio: 1.63 (95% CI: 1.16 - 2.30) with the odds limited to women who had this procedure before age 45 years (OR: 2.11, CI: 1.45-3.08). Although ovarian status did not influence incident CVD in diabetic women (OR: 0.78, CI: 0.56-1.09), women with oophorectomy before the average age at menopause (51 years), with or without diabetes were observed to have elevated CVD risk in spline regression models. Furthermore, the risk of CVD mortality was elevated for diabetic women irrespective of ovarian status, although women with no ovaries had an increased risk (Hazard ratio: 2.57, CI: 1.18-3.67) than those with intact ovaries (HR: 1.99, CI: 1.65-2.39). This present analyses consisting of three different population-based samples of postmenopausal women did not support oophorectomy having a protective effect on cardiovascular health in diabetic women; however, our interpretation of these data is that oophorectomy was performed more often in younger women who inherited a risk factor for heart disease.
Bioavailability of furocoumarins after ingestion of grapefruit or grapefruit juice

Furocoumarins are photoactive compounds that may cause phytophotodermatitis and are abundant in grapefruit. However, little is known about the distribution of furocoumarins in fresh grapefruit and commercial grapefruit juices. Furthermore, the fate of grapefruit furocoumarins in humans is largely unknown. Thus, seven furocoumarins: bergaptol, psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), bergapten, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (6',7'-DHB), epoxybergamottin, and bergamottin in grapefruit (whole, flesh, and peel) and grapefruit juice were measured using UPLC-MS/MS. We also measured the concentration of furocoumarins from the plasma of 6 healthy young-adult subjects before and at 90 and 180 min after consumption of grapefruit (600 g, n=3) or grapefruit juice (474 ml, n=3). Six compounds in grapefruit or juice were detected but 8-MOP was not detectable. Peel contained more furocoumarins than flesh in grapefruit. Bergamottin and 6',7'-DHB were predominant compounds in flesh and juice. In plasma, bergamottin and 6',7'-DHB...
The Role of Erythrocyte Amino Acids in Energy Metabolism

Although there is much information regarding free amino acids in plasma, the amino acids of erythrocytes have been little studied (Felig, 1973; Felig et al., 1970; Levy and Barkin, 1971; McMenamy et al., 1960). However, accurate comparisons of the amino acid concentrations of plasma and erythrocytes can result in a better understanding of the relative role of these amino acid pools in energy metabolism.
Effects of graded alpha-glucosidase inhibition on sugar absorption in vivo.

The effect of inhibition of disaccharidases on the degree of absorption of glucose, lactose, and sucrose was examined utilizing an in vivomodel in the rat. Acarbose, a competitive αglucosidase inhibitor was utilized to selectively inhibit small intestinal mucosal enzymes. Adult rats (250–350 g body weight) were the subjects of intraduodenal bolus infusion experiments with either sugar alone or sugar plus acarbose. All sugars were infused at a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight. Portal venous blood glucose was determined at 30-min intervals from 0 to 150 min. Glucose (monosaccharide) and lactose (β-galactoside) absorption were not altered by the presence of acarbose. In contrast, sucrose (α-glucosidase) absorption was significantly diminished in the presence of acarbose. Sucrose absorption in the presence of increasing acarbose doses (0.7–5.6 mg/kg body weight) was depressed in a dose-dependent fashion. Linear regression analysis revealed a high degree of correlation between residual sucrase activity and area under blood glucose curve (r=0.9837). Similar degrees of correlation were found between acarbose dose and area under blood glucose curve (r=−0.9322), and between residual sucrase activity and acarbose dose (r=−0.9695). These data confirm that acarbose is a selective α-glucosidase inhibitor that does not affect monosaccharidase transport. In the presence of acarbose, α-glucosidase absorption is diminished in a dosedependent fashion. Postprandial glucose rise following an α-glucosidase meal seems to be determined, in the presence of graded acarbose inhibition, by residual mucosal α-glucosidase activity.
Hereditary intrinsic factor deficiency in chaldeans.

Juvenile vitamin B12 or cobalamin (Cbl) deficiency is notoriously difficult to explain due to numerous acquired and inherited causes. The consequences of insufficient Cbl are megaloblastic anemia, nutrient malabsorption, and neurological problems. The treatment is straightforward with parenteral Cbl supplementation that resolves most health issues without an urgent need to clarify their cause. Aside from being clinically unsatisfying, failing to elucidate the basis of Cbl deficiency means important information regarding recurrence risk is not available to the individual if the cause is contagious or inherited. Acquired causes have largely disappeared in the Modern World because they were mostly due to parasites or malnutrition. Today, perhaps the most common causes of juvenile Cbl deficiency are Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome and inherited intrinsic factor deficiency (IFD). Three genes are involved and genetic testing is complicated and not widely available. We used self-identified ancestry to accelerate and confirm the genetic diagnosis of IFD in three families of Chaldean origin. A founder mutation limited to Chaldeans from Iraq in the intrinsic factor gene GIF was identified as the cause. World events reshape the genetic structure of populations and inherited diseases in many ways. In this case, all the patients were diagnosed in the USA among recent immigrants from a single region. While IFD itself is not restricted to one kind of people, certain mutations are limited in their range but migrations relocate them along with their host population. As a result, self-identified ancestry as a stratifying characteristic should perhaps be considered in diagnostic strategies for rare genetic disorders.
Evaluation of Media, Time and Temperature of Incubation, and Method of Enumeration of Several Strains of Clostridium perfringens Spores

Two basal media, containing the ingredients found in common in both SPS (BBL) and TSN (BBL) media and in the previously described media of Schaedler et al. (1965) and Starr et al (1971), but minus antibiotics, were selected as the most suitable for the enumeration of Clostridium perfringens spores in a model system. These media were also used to study the influence of the presence of glucose, xylose, or ribose in various concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0%) on colony morphology and spore recovery. As the sugar concentration in the basal agar medium increased, the colonies of all the test organisms also increased in size, and more of the black colonies became white in color. At the 1.0% sugar level, glucose permitted only white colony development, whereas the pentoses were completely inhibitory. Both pour plates and most-probable-number tubes were inoculated with the spores of several strains of C. perfringens and incubated at 20, 30, 37, and 45 C for 24, 48, and 72 h. Statistical analyses of the enumeration data indicated, at the 99% confidence level, that a Trypticase(BBL)-yeast extract-glucose-sulfite-iron agar gave maximal population estimates at 37 C in 72 h.
Critical experiments with solid neutron absorbers and water-moderated fast test reactor fuel pins

A series of experiments was performed at the Battelle-Pacific Northwest Laboratories on water-flooded arrays of Fast Test Reactor fuel elements (PuO/sub 2/-UO/sub 2/) intermixed with solid neutron absorbers. The objective of these experiments was to provide reliable experiment data that could be used to benchmark computer codes and calculational schemes commonly used in criticality analysis of such systems. The neutron absorbers used were cadmium and Boral plates and gadolinium cylindrical rods. Critical array sizes were determined for square lattice pitches ranging from 9.7 to 24.9 mm, corresponding to water-to-fuel volume ratios of 3.5 to approx. 31 (hydrogen atom to fissile atom ratios of 58 to 473). For both systems, poisoned and unpoisoned, the minimum number of rods required for criticality occurred at a lattice pitch of approx. 20.5 mm, which also corresponds to a water-to-fuel volume ratio of 20.5.
Encyclopedia of Folklore and Literature

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Toni Samantha Phim and Ashley Thompson Year: 1998 Pages: 784 Publisher: ABC-CLIO Prices: 99.5
Understanding Statutory Bundles: Does the Sherman Act Come with the 1996 Telecommunications Act?

Three recent appellate decisions - Goldwasser, Trinko and Covad - have addressed the interplay of the 1996 Telecommunications Act and the antitrust laws. This area raises questions of both substantive law and standing. This essay focuses on standing and in particular the question of how the antitrust doctrine in Illinois Brick should apply to situations in which there is an alleged breach of an access duty owed by an incumbent local exchange carrier. That access duty might arise under the 1996 Act itself or under applicable antitrust doctrines, such as the essential facilities doctrine or the duty to deal with competitors seen in Aspen Skiing. The essay sets forth a model of access duties leading to entry and Cournot duopoly and evaluates outcomes when that access duty is breached. The essay discusses various approaches to allocating suit rights depending on the purpose of enforcing the duty. I argue that the Illinois Brick doctrine which bars suits by consumers as indirect purchasers should have little application to the breach of access situation as the de facto compensation rationale of Illinois Brick won't operate when the entrant has been denied the mandated access.
Gasdynamics of Explosions

Gasdynamics of explosions concerns the interrelationship between rate processes resulting in the deposition of a significant amount of power in the working substance, and its concomitant nonsteady motion. Fundamentals of this subject are based on nonsteady gasdynamics and the detonation theory; applications bear upon the extension of performance range of rocket propulsion systems. Presented here are basic elements of the theory.
Environmental signals and regulatory pathways that influence biofilm formation

In nature, bacteria often exist as biofilms. Here, we discuss the environmental signals and regulatory proteins that affect both the initiation of bacterial biofilm formation and the nature of the mature biofilm structure. Current research suggests that the environmental signals regulating whether bacterial cells will initiate a biofilm differ from one bacterial species to another. This may allow each bacterial species to colonize its preferred environment efficiently. In contrast, some of the environmental signals that have currently been identified to regulate the structure of a mature biofilm are nutrient availability and quorum sensing, and are not species specific. These environmental signals evoke changes in the nature of the mature biofilm that may ensure optimal nutrient acquisition. Nutrient availability regulates the depth of the biofilm in such a way that the maximal number of cells in a biofilm appears to occur at suboptimal nutrient concentrations. At either extreme, nutrient-rich or very nutrient-poor conditions, greater numbers of cells are in the planktonic phase where they have greater access to the local nutrients or can be distributed to a new environment. Similarly, quorum-sensing control of the formation of channels and pillar-like structures may ensure efficient nutrient delivery to cells in a biofilm.
Adolescent disclosure and concealment: Longitudinal and concurrent associations with aggression

This longitudinal study assessed the association between prior (preschool) and concurrent physical and relational aggression as they relate to Russian adolescents' disclosure and concealment patterns with their parents. In the initial preschool study, there were 106 boys and 106 girls (mean age = 60.24 months, SD = 7.81). Both peer nominations and teacher ratings of aggression were obtained for these children. Ten years later, the majority of these children (72.2%; n = 153) completed a longitudinal follow-up battery of assessments. Included in these measures was a self-reported measure of aggression as well as an assessment of the extent to which these adolescents disclosed to and concealed information from their parents. Separate models were estimated by gender of child for the 153 children who participated in both Time 1 and Time 2 data collections. Preschool physical aggression proved an important longitudinal predictor of adolescent disclosure and concealment for girls. Concurrently, self-rated relational aggression was also significantly associated with concealment for both boys and girls. Aggr. Behav. 9999:XX-XX, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
The Corrosion of Carbon Black Anodes in Alkaline Electrolyte II . Acetylene Black and the Effect of Oxygen Evolution Catalysts on Corrosion

The effect of five different metal oxides on the corrosion rate of acetylene black during oxygen evolution in alkaline electrolyte was determined using the analytical methods described in Part I. All five metal oxides (, , ,, and Ru) catalyzed the corrosion processes of the acetylene black, resulting in corrosion rates accelerated by factors of 3–14. The mechanism of this catalytic effect remains unclear. Some results with have indicated direct contact with the oxide, and the carbon is not required to accelerate the corrosion, suggesting a redox mechanism involving dissolved species. However, the effects of and , which were significantly greater than with , are difficult to rationalize on this basis, as their redox potentials lie well below the oxygen evolution potential range.