cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of spatial emission profiles and a nomenclature system as aids in interpreting matrix effects in the low-power argon inductively coupled plasma

Abstract An automated profiling system was used to determine vertical intensity distributions for atomic and ionic lines of several elements in the ICP and to measure the effect of matrix components on those distributions. Most atomic lines show maximum signal (not necessarily maximum signal/noise) rather low in the plasma. Ion lines predominate in the plasma region used most frequently for analysis. In the region of high atomic emission, enhancements are observed for both atom and ion lines with many analytes when matrix elements are added. The enhancements either disappear or become much less severe in the region of high ionic emission normally viewed. The zone where the interferences occur can be shifted higher or lower in the plasma depending primarily on the central gas flow and the power level. Plasma structure can be used to predict regions of high interference. A Nomenclature System for the plasma zone is used as an aid in comparing plasma conditions.
Short range ferromagnetic exchange in 1,5,6-triphenyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-verdazyl

Abstract 1,5,6-Triphenyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-verdazyl has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, ESR, and other spectroscopic methods, as well as elemental analysis. The product χ spin T was found to increase below 100 K to reach a maximum (0.529 emu.K/mole) at 3.9 K. From 100 to 30 K the spin susceptibility follows the Curie-Weiss law with C = 0.382 and Θ = +1.6 K, indicating ferromagnetic interactions between S = 1 2 species. A strong deviation from the Curie-Weiss law was observed below 30 K where the susceptibility reaches a maximum χ spin = 0.241 emu/mole at 2.15 K. Using the spin density rule proposed by McConnell, an attempt was made to correlate the unusual magnetic properties of this solid with its structure.
Reproduction in the mexican vole, Microtus mexicanus

Mexican voles, Microtus mexicanus , were trapped near Flagstaff, Arizona, during 1968–1970 and 1972–1973. Specimens were dissected, the reproductive organs were examined, and embryos were counted. The mean embryo count was 2.24 ( SD , 0.59; range, 1–4; mode, 2 or 3). The mean embryo count was greatest in the summer ( X = 2.45) and least in the winter ( X = 2.0). Gravid females were trapped during all seasons but were not trapped every winter. Breeding was not in evidence in the presence of snow cover. Atrophication of testes and accessory organs was observed in males during winters when no gravid females were trapped.
Attenuation and loss of hormonal modulation of KGF (FGF-7)/KGF receptor expression and mitogenesis during mammary tumor progression.

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), alone and in synergism with progesterone (P) and prolactin (PRL), is mitogenic for normal mammary epithelium (ME) in vitro. In addition, P can upregulate ME sensitivity to KGF by slowing KGF receptor (KGFR) mRNA turnover in vitro. These hormonal interactions with KGF in vitro raise the possibility that alterations in these interactions can play a role in hormone-dependent mammary tumor growth and progression. The effect of hormones on KGF mitogenesis and the regulation of KGFR expression was examined in pregnancy-dependent (PDT) and ovarian-independent (OIT) mouse mammary tumors. In serum-free, collagen gel cell culture, dose/response (2‐20 ng/ml) and time course studies showed that KGF stimulated the proliferation of PDT (not OIT) cells but synergism with P or PRL was not observed. The level of KGFR mRNA in PDT cells was not significantly different from normal ME but in OIT it was reduced more than 90%. P did not affect KGFR mRNA turnover in cultured PDT cells. However, KGFR mRNA was more stable in PDT cells compared to normal ME; after 6 days culture in basal medium, KGFR mRNA levels declined 40% vs. 85% previously shown for normal ME. Determination of KGF mRNA levels in tissues showed that it was lower in PDT compared to normal mammary gland and not detectable in OIT. These data show that in PDT both KGF-stimulated mitogenesis and the regulation of KGFR expression are independent of hormones. OIT has progressed to independence from any KGF influence. Thus, a subset of hormonally regulated pathways related to epithelial/stromal cell interactions can be lost in hormone-dependent mammary tumors during tumor progression. J. Cell. Physiol. 184:222‐228, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
New design technique for two-step flash A/D convertors

A new design method for an N-bit, two-step, flash A/D convertor is presented which requires only 2/sup (N-1)/ comparators. The most significant bit is first detected which then controls the switch settings for the second step of conversion. The new technique also simplifies the encoder design. >
Rupture of a previously thrombosed thoracoabdominal aneurysm

Spontaneous thrombosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms is rare. A patient with a 12-cm thoracoabdominal aneurysm developed sudden thrombosis of his aneurysm. He was treated with axillobifemoral bypass. He went on to rupture 7 months later. While spontaneous thromboses of abdominal aortic aneurysms have been previously reported, we did not find any reports of a thrombosed thoracoabdominal aneurysm or a subsequent rupture of this type of aneurysm. The literature on thrombosis of aneurysms is reviewed as well as proposed etiologies for thrombosis and subsequent rupture. We believe that resectional therapy may be warranted even in high-risk patients.
EFFECTS OF IRRADIANCE AND GRAZING ON LOTIC ALGAL ASSEMBLAGES

A laboratory experiment was conducted for 75 days to examine how irradiance levels and grazing influence algal biomass and community structure. Twelve laboratory streams were used for experimental analyses, with four channels exposed to one of three irradiance levels (15, 100, or 400 μE·m−2·s−1). Three of the four stream at each light level were stocked with the snail Juga silicula (250·m−2), leaving one stream at each light level without snails. Grazed stream exposed to low light levels developed low amounts of algal biomass (<2 g AFDW·m−2) and were dominated by adnately attached diatoms. Mean algal biomass increased over time in the grazed streams exposed to intermediate light; by day 75, these streams were characterized by moderate algal biomasses (30-40 g AFDW·m−2) and filamentous chlorophytes. Algal assemblages in high light, grazed channels had high levels of biomass at day 43 (70 g AFDW·m−2) that declined to 30 g AFDW·m−2at day 75 and were dominated by chlorophytes. Among ungrazed streams, algal biomass at day 75 was relatively low in the low light streams (<7g AFDW·m−2) and was dominated by adnately attached diatoms. Ungrazed streams exposed to intermediate and high light levels had moderate biomasses (23 and 19 g AFDW·m−2, respectively) and were dominated by chlorophytes and large diatoms. Grazing appeared both to delay and alter successional trajectories of algal assemblages, with alterations most noticeable during early seral stages at intermediate and high light levels. Grazing had the least effect on successional trajectories at low light.
Nonlinear optical properties and ultrafast photophysical investigations in organic dendrimers

The nonlinear optical properties are reported for a novel organic dendrimer using femtosecond pulses. The organic dendrimer showed strong nonlinear refraction when measured at 790 nm, a wavelength far from the linear resonance. The nonlinear refractive index was measured by the z-scan technique and the magnitude was measured to be 1.1*10-4 cm2/GW. The presence of two photon absorption was observed and a related nonlinear absorption coefficient was found to be 1.2*10-2 cm/GW. A strong two-photon luminescence was detected resulting from this nonlinear absorption, and the power dependence and spectral characteristics were measured. The presence of a higher order, (chi) (5), nonlinear optical effect was also detected. The ultra-fast dynamics of the organic dendrimer using fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy are reported. At higher emission energies we observe femto-second decay, and at lower energies a rise time of the luminescence intensity was observed.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Investigation of the decay rate of orthopositronium produced by slow positrons

Abstract The decay rate of 1 3 S 1 positronium formed in a MgO-lined rf cavity is found to be 7.122±0.012 μs −1 , with possible 2 3 S 1 state contributions being less than 0.1%. A discussion of other possible systematic effects is included.
Elliptic flow in s = 200 GeV Au + Au collisions and s = 2.76 TeV Pb + Pb collisions: Insights from viscous hydrodynamics + hadron cascade hybrid model

Using the newly developed hybrid model VISHNU, which connects viscous hydrodynamics with a hadron cascade model, we study the differential and integrated elliptic flow v{sub 2} at different centrality bins for 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions and 2.76 A TeV Pb+Pb collisions. We find that the average quark-gluon plasma (QGP)-specific shear viscosity {eta}/s slightly increases from Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider to Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. However, a further study assuming different temperature dependencies for ({eta}/s){sub QGP} shows that one cannot uniquely constrain the form of ({eta}/s){sub QGP}(T) by fitting the spectra and v{sub 2} alone. Based on our current understanding, the question whether the QGP fluid is more viscous or more perfect in the temperature regime reached by LHC energies is still open.
Roles, race and subjective well-being: A longitudinal analysis of elderly men

The basic contention of this paper is that research on subjective well-being would benefit from an integration of theory and research from other studies of subjective states, such as mental and physical health. Toward that end, we present results of an analysis of the impact of race and social roles on subjective well-being in a nationally representative sample of elderly men. The findings demonstrate that particular role configurations have an effect on happiness and that these effects are different for blacks and whites. Theoretical implications of these findings for subjective well-being research and role accumulation theory are discussed.
Transnational environmentalism and entanglements of sovereignty: The tiger campaign across the Himalayas

Abstract In the spring of 2006, Tibetans in China set fire to more than a million dollars worth of otter, leopard and tiger pelts. The numerous bonfires were a response to the 14th Dalai Lama's statement, made at the Kalachakra Initiation Ceremony in India, that Tibetans should cease wearing such pelts. The Chinese state interpreted this as an act of loyalty to the Dalai Lama and this evidence of multiple overlapping sovereignties as a threat to its exclusive territorial sovereignty. An effort to clarify this space invited a sovereign invocation of the exception, as salaried employees were forced to wear endangered animal pelts, violating Chinese national law. A conjunctural analysis of the Dalai Lama's speech and the subsequent burnings demonstrates that contrary to prevailing narratives, transnational environmental advocacy played a key role. The conjuncture in which these events took place was shaped by multiple competing entanglements of Chinese, Indian, and Tibetan sovereignties with nature protection and transnational activism. Two distinct assemblages, shaped by power relations and the politics of sovereignty, formed around protecting the tiger across the Himalayas, with dramatically different effects. The case shows that far from post-sovereign environmental governance, nature and sovereignty remain inextricably entangled, and illustrates how multiple modes to construct and defend state sovereignty come into conflict with each other.
Landslide erosion coupled to tectonics and river incision

The steep topography of mountain landscapes arises from interactions between tectonic rock uplift, valley incision and landslide erosion on hillslopes. An analysis of more than 15,000 landslides in the eastern Himalaya, mapped from satellite images, shows that steep uplands primarily respond to uplift and river incision by increases in landslide erosion rates rather than by steepened hillslope angles.
Ferroelasticity in the LnNbO4-type rare earth niobates

The previously reported phase transitions for the isostructural rare earth niobates between 500°C and 850°C correspond to a point group transformation 4/mF2/m, which is purely ferroelastic. The correct room temperature point group for all LnNbO4 compounds is 2/m. Crystal growth and domain wall behavior is discussed for LaNbO4. The high temperature phase transition is described for YbNbO4.
Heritability of the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia and the roles of age and zonal prostate volumes in twins.

Abstract Objectives. Both benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have been shown to increase with age in men, but a causal relationship between prostate volume and symptoms has not been established. This study had two aims, to investigate the inter-relationships of age, symptoms, and various zonal measurements in the prostate and to assess the impact of heritable influences on symptom score. Methods. Eighty-three monozygotic twin pairs and 83 dizygotic twin pairs were studied to determine age and LUTS as assessed by the American Urological Association symptom score. Their prostate volumes (total, transition zone, and peripheral zone) were measured by transrectal ultrasound. Results. There was significant evidence of pairwise correlation between transition zone and symptom score ( P = 0.04) and between age and symptom score ( P = 0.03). Age also showed significant correlation with all volume measurements. Heritability appears to account for 82.6% of the variability in symptom score in men older than 50 years. Conclusions. This study provides evidence that age and transition zone volume play a role in LUTS, but also that their influence is not strong. Estimates of heritability suggest that hereditary factors contribute substantially to LUTS.
PAH Growth from the pyrolysis of CPD, indene and naphthalene mixture.

Abstract In this study, the addition of cyclopentadienyl (CPDyl) moieties to aromatic rings has been investigated experimenNaphthalene was selected as the representative aromatic compound and its pyrolytic reactivity was studied first to obtain background information for the pyrolysis of cyclopentadiene–indene–naphthalene mixture. The experiments were conducted in a 5 s laminar flow reactor over the temperature range of 700–850 °C with 50 °C increments. PAH growth from naphthalene pyrolysis is mainly attributed to aryl–aryl addition of naphthyl radicals and naphthalene fragmentation, with lower product formation rates comparing with hydrocarbons with CPDyl moieties. The results indicate that naphthalene is less reactive than the CPDyl containing hydrocarbon radical–molecule addition of CPDyl radicals to naphthalene results in phenanthrene, which can also be formed substantially from other growth pathways. This addition occurs mainly at low temperatures and is less favored due to the competition from more reactive indenyl and CPDyl radicals. CPDyl radical addition to naphthalene exhibits limited aromatic growth due to the aromaticity restrictions of naphthalene. The studies of hydrocarbons with and without CPDyl moieties suggest that the reaction pathways of CPDyl bearing hydrocarbons are different from those without these moieties and cannot be adequately accounted for by the existing acetylene addition and aryl–aryl addition mechanisms.
Insulin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and food deprivation as discriminative stimuli in rats.

Abstract Using a two-lever drug discrimination procedure, two groups of four rats each were trained to discriminate the stimulus effects of 1.0 U/kg insulin or 125 mg/kg 2-deoxy- D -glucose (2-DG) from saline. A third group was trained to discriminate food deprivation produced by feeding 23 h prior to sessions from satiation produced by feeding 2 h prior to sessions. Differential responding was a direct function of dose or deprivation level in each group. Rats trained to discriminate insulin responded as if they had received insulin when they received 2-DG and vice versa. Insulin and 2-DG produced deprivation-appropriate responding in two of four rats trained to discriminate food deprivation. Low insulin and 2-DG doses produced drug-appropriate responding in rats deprived 47 h, but not in rats deprived 23 h. Blood glucose level was altered by the training doses of insulin and 2-DG, but not by 23-h deprivation. These results indicate that operations that induced feeding produce discriminable stimuli, and that these effects overlap or interact. Thus, drug discrimination procedures can be useful in the analysis of ingestive behavior.
From sounds to meaning: Neural representation of calls in the avian auditory cortex

Understanding how the brain extracts meaning from communication sounds is a central question in auditory research. Communication sounds distinguish themselves not only by their acoustical properties but also by their information content. To study how the auditory system could differentially treat signals that have different social meanings, we investigated in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) the perception of vocalizations that are used in clearly distinct contexts. We first generated a vocalization library containing the entire repertoire of female and male zebra finches. We then investigated the neural representations of these social calls in primary and secondary auditory areas. Using both simple measures of spike rate and optimal decoding methods based on entire PSTH, we indentified 24% of 1400 single units selective for the different call categories. To further understand how neurons could process sounds to generate selective responses, we compared models of the neural response based on the acoustic properties of sounds and/or on the semantic values of calls. We found neurons that were very well explained by the simple semantic model. Combining these results with the anatomical properties of cells (positions and spike shapes) gives new insight into the neural representation of meaningful stimuli in the avian auditory neural network.
Parent Involvement: A Call for Prudence:

McCaslin, M., & Murdock, T. (1991). The emergent interaction of home and school in the development of students' adaptive learning. In M. Maehr & P. Pintrich (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement (Vol. 7, pp. 213-259). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Roderique, T. W., Polloway, E. A., Cumblad, C., Epstein, M. H., & Bursuck, W. H. (1994). Homework: A survey of policies in the United States. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27(8), 481-487. Snyder, J., Bolin, E, & Zumwalt, K. (1992). Curriculum implementation. Handbook of research on curriculum (pp. 402-435). New York: Macmillan.
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome

A 28 year old woman with a history of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) presented to the hospital for an elective amputation of the right lower extremity. KTS is a congenital vascular malformative syndrome involving capillary, lymphatic, and venous structures and is associated with limb (usually asymmetric lower extremity) involvement. The patient had a history …
METATEATRO Y MNEMOTÉCNICA: CONVENCIONES POSMODERNISTAS EN EL OLVIDO ESTÁ LLENO DE MEMORIA, DE JERÓNIMO LÓPEZ MOZO

Combining the recuperative power of memory and the existentialist contexture of metatheatre, Jeronimo Lopez Mozo indistinguishably (con)fuses art and life in El olvido esta lleno de memoria (2002). Incapable of distinguishing between his profession as an actor and the roles he plays on the stage and reluctant to come to terms with the traumatic past of his exile following the civil war, the protagonist of the play, Edmundo Barbero, is a decentered and unfixed character. Like all postmodernist works, El olvido esta lleno de memoria centers on the problem of artistic representation, rejects the possibility of constructing an objective view of the world and categorically discards the notion of an absolute authority to reveal that the traditionally hierarchical relationship between the real and the fictive, past and present, and self and other has been irrevocably abolished
Comprehensive analysis of exertional ECG changes before and after oral propranolol

In 12 patients with symptomatic coronary heart disease and three normal persons, comprehensive analyses of the electrocardiographic changes associated with symptom-limited upright exercise are made by computer analysis of the electrocardiogram recorded using a Frank XYZ lead system. This analysis provided a display of the 12 lead ECG, vectorcardiogram, polarcardiogram, and spatial cardiogram and measurements of spatial magnitudes of heart vectors. The effect of 40 mg of oral propranolol was assessed by repeating the exercise protocol 60--90 min later. There is evidence that propranolol reduces the electrocardiographic features of myocardial ischemia. This reduction in myocardial ischemia correlates with reductions in pressure rate product and heart rate. The presence of infarct criteria with exercise is variable and not apparently influenced by propranolol.
Complications following total knee arthroplasty: the prevention and management of early loosening

Abstract Early failure following total knee arthroplasty is defined as revision surgery being required within 2 years of the index procedure and accounts for 56% of all revisions. Etiology of early failure includes infection, instability, contracture, component malalignment, aseptic loosening, extensor mechanism problems, and periprosthetic fractures. Prevention of early failure is achieved by strict adherence to basic principles of total knee arthroplasty. Concerns at the time of revision include adequate exposure, removal of well-fixed implants, restoraration of bone loss, and provision of ligamentous balance and implant stability. Careful preoperative planning and good surgical technique using standard principles of total knee arthroplasty should yield a good functional outcome in these patients.
Variable resolution fluctuation electron microscopy on Cu-Zr metallic glass using a wide range of coherent STEM probe size.

We report variable resolution fluctuation electron microscopy (VRFEM) measurements on Cu64.5Zr35.5 metallic glass acquired using scanning transmission electron microscopy nanodiffraction using coherent probes 0.8 to 11 nm in diameter. The VRFEM results show that medium range atomic order structure of Cu64.5Zr35.5 bulk metallic glass at the ∼1 nm scale has large fluctuations, but the structure becomes almost completely homogeneous at the 11 nm scale. We show that our experimental VRFEM data are consistent with two different models, the pair persistent model and the amorphous/nanocrystal composite model. We also report a new way to filter VRFEM data to eliminate the effect of specimen thickness gradient using high-angle annular dark field images as references.
An approach for federating parallel simulators

This paper investigates issues concerning federations of sequential and/or parallel simulators. An approach is proposed for creating federated simulations by defining a global conceptual model of the entire simulation, and then mapping individual entities of the conceptual model to implementations within individual federates. Proxy entities are defined as a means for linking entities that are mapped to different federates. Using this approach, an implementation of a federation of optimistic simulators is examined. Issues concerning the adaptation of optimistic simulators to a federated system are discussed. The performance of the federated system utilizing runtime infrastructure (RTI) software executing on a shared memory multiprocessor (SMP) is compared with a native (non-federated) SMP-based optimistic parallel simulator. It is demonstrated that a well designed federated simulation system can yield performance comparable to a native, parallel simulation engine, but important implementation issues must be properly addressed.
The evolution of cardenolide-resistant forms of Na⁺,K⁺ -ATPase in Danainae butterflies.

Cardenolides are a class of plant secondary compounds that inhibit the proper functioning of the Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase enzyme in susceptible animals. Nonetheless, many insect species are able to sequester cardenolides for their own defence. These include butterflies in the subfamily Danainae (Family: Nymphalidae) such as the monarch (Danaus plexippus). Previous studies demonstrated that monarchs harbour an asparagine (N) to histidine (H) substitution (N122H) in the α subunit of Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase (ATPα) that reduces this enzyme's sensitivity to cardenolides. More recently, it has been suggested that at ATPα position 111, monarchs may also harbour a leucine (L)/glutamine (Q) polymorphism. This later amino acid could also contribute to cardenolide insensitivity. However, here we find that incorrect annotation of the initially reported DNA sequence for ATPα has led to several erroneous conclusions. Using a population genetic and phylogenetic analysis of monarchs and their close relatives, we show that an ancient Q111L substitution occurred prior to the radiation of all Danainae, followed by a second substitution at the same site to valine (V), which arose before the diversification of the Danaus genus. In contrast, N122H appears to be a recent substitution specific to monarchs. Surprisingly, examination of a broader insect phylogeny reveals that the same progression of amino acid substitutions (Q111L → L111V + N122H) has also occurred in Chyrsochus beetles (Family: Chrysomelidae, Subfamily: Eumolpinae) that feed on cardenolide-containing host plants. The parallel pattern of amino acid substitution in these two distantly related lineages is consistent with an adaptive role for these substitutions in reducing cardenolide sensitivity and suggests that their temporal order may be limited by epistatic interactions.
Interaction of smoking and obesity susceptibility loci on adolescent BMI: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

Adolescence is a sensitive period for weight gain and risky health behaviors, such as smoking. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci contributing to adult body mass index (BMI). Evidence suggests that many of these loci have a larger influence on adolescent BMI. However, few studies have examined interactions between smoking and obesity susceptibility loci on BMI. This study investigates the interaction of current smoking and established BMI SNPs on adolescent BMI. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally-representative, prospective cohort of the US school-based population in grades 7 to 12 (12–20 years of age) in 1994–95 who have been followed into adulthood (Wave II 1996; ages 12–21, Wave III; ages 18–27), we assessed (in 2014) interactions of 40 BMI-related SNPs and smoking status with percent of the CDC/NCHS 2000 median BMI (%MBMI) in European Americans (n = 5075), African Americans (n = 1744) and Hispanic Americans (n = 1294). Two SNPs showed nominal significance for interaction (p < 0.05) between smoking and genotype with %MBMI in European Americans (EA) (rs2112347 (POC5): β = 1.98 (0.06, 3.90), p = 0.04 and near rs571312 (MC4R): β 2.15 (−0.03, 4.33) p = 0.05); and one SNP showed a significant interaction effect after stringent correction for multiple testing in Hispanic Americans (HA) (rs1514175 (TNNI3K): β 8.46 (4.32, 12.60), p = 5.9E-05). Stratifying by sex, these interactions suggest a stronger effect in female smokers. Our study highlights potentially important sex differences in obesity risk by smoking status in adolescents, with those who may be most likely to initiate smoking (i.e., adolescent females), being at greatest risk for exacerbating genetic obesity susceptibility.
Investigating Multiple Alternating Cooperative Broadcasts to Enhance Network Longevity

We propose a broadcast protocol that is based on a form of cooperative transmission called the Opportunistic Large Array (OLA). Multiple SNR (or transmission) thresholds are used to define mutually exclusive sets of OLAs, such that the union of the sets includes all the nodes in the network. The new protocol, termed Alternating OLA with Transmission Threshold (A-OLA-T), exercises a different set of OLAs on each consecutive broadcast from the same sink until all sets have transmitted once. Then the sequence repeats. Thus, broadcasts consume energy efficiently and uniformly over the network, and A-OLA-T is especially well suited for static networks. The transmission thresholds are optimized to maximize the network life if broadcasts were the only transmissions. In this paper, we first optimize triples of broadcasts, and then extend the optimization for a higher number of broadcasts.
Recovery of Penncap-M® from Foraging Honey Bees and Pollen Storage Cells

Foraging honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.), exposed to birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.) bloom treated with microencapsulated methyl parathion, continued to display pollen and midgut microcapsule contamination up to 9 days postspray. Nearly 10% of all pollen storage cells examined in combs taken from honey bee colonies exposed to the treated area were found to contain microcapsules.
Unusual complications of gallstones.

Extrinsic compression of the bile duct from gallstone disease is associated with bilio-biliary fistulization, requiring biliary-enteric reconstruction. Biliary-enteric fistulas are associated with intestinal obstruction at various levels. The primary goal of therapy is relief of intestinal obstruction; definitive repair is performed for selected patients. Hemobilia from gallstone-related pseudoaneurysms is preferentially controlled by selective arterial embolization. Rapidly increasing jaundice with relatively normal liver enzymes is a diagnostic hallmark of bilhemia. Acquired thoraco-biliary fistulas are primarily treated by percutaneous and endoscopic interventions.
Evidence for Implicit Learning in Syntactic Comprehension

This study provides evidence for implicit learning in syntactic comprehension. By reanalyzing data from a syntactic priming experiment (Thothathiri & Snedeker, 2008), we find that the error signal associated with a syntactic prime influences comprehenders' subsequent syntactic expectations. This follows directly from error-based implicit learning accounts of syntactic priming, but it is unexpected under accounts that consider syntactic priming a consequence of temporary increases in base-level activation. More generally, the results raise questions about the principles underlying the maintenance of implicit statistical knowledge relevant to language processing, and about possible functional motivations for syntactic priming.
Performance of Methods to Assess Kidney Function in a Predominantly Overweight Sample of Patients with Liver Disease

The assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with liver disease is necessary to make decisions about organ allocation. Creatinine is widely used as a marker of GFR; however, it is not reliable in patients with liver disease. The aims of this study were to (1) determine if iodine 125-labeled iothalamate ((125)I-iothalamate) clearance calculated using the plasma decay method is equal to renal clearance of (125)I-iothalamate and (2) estimate kidney function using the creatinine-based Cockcroft-Gault and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equations, a cystatin C-based equation, the urine collection method for creatinine clearance, and plasma clearance of vancomycin (V) and compare these estimates to renal clearance of (125)I-iothalamate in adult patients with liver disease. Adults with liver disease received (125)I-iothalamate and V and had a catheter placed for urine collection. Blood and urine samples were collected over 8 h for analysis of (125)I-iothalamate, creatinine, and V to determine kidney function. Estimates were compared to renal (125)I-iothalamate clearance. Eight patients classified as Child-Pugh class B were enrolled: age was 52 ± 6 years; body mass index was 36.5 ± 19 kg/m(2); and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score was 13 ± 3. Mean estimates of kidney function did not differ significantly from mean renal (125)I-iothalamate clearance (74 ± 38 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Other methods overestimated kidney function at lower levels of GFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and underestimated kidney function at higher GFR levels. Given the variability in performance of methods to assess kidney function in this population, direct measurement of GFR may be preferable to indirect estimates based on marker compounds such as creatinine and cystatin C until more accurate methods are developed.
Toward a theory of critical care in urban small school reform: examining structures and pedagogies of caring in two Latino community‐based schools 1

Using in‐depth interviewing, participant observations, and the collection of historical and curricular documents, this article describes two Latino community‐based small high schools—the Dr Pedro Albizu Campos High School (PACHS) and El Puente Academy for Peace and Justice (El Puente). The authors focus on ways in which these two schools create a culture of high academic expectations for their students, value high‐quality interpersonal relationships between students and teachers, and privilege the funds of knowledge that students and their respective communities bring to school. The authors advance a theory of critical care that embodies this important combination, which is crucial if small high schools created for and by communities of color are to succeed. Finally, the implications for a theory of critical care and its impact are discussed within the framework of small urban high school reform.
Current Management of Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis and the Role of Moxifloxacin

Episodes of acute rhinosinusitis are common among adults and are associated with a significant amount of morbidity. The symptoms of rhinosinusitis are nasal drainage, congestion, and sinus pressure. A bacterial sinus infection is more likely if these symptoms worsen after 5-7 days or do not improve after 10-14 days. The majority of bacterial episodes have been associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. In the current era of increasing resistance to beta -lactams and macrolides, treatment guidelines have been formulated worldwide to assist clinicians in the selection of antibacterials. According to one model, the following antibacterials are most likely to provide desired outcomes (90%-92% predicted clinical efficacy) for adults: respiratory fluoroquinolones (i.e., moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and levofloxacin), ceftriaxone, and high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate (4 g of amoxicillin/day and 250 mg of clavulanate/day). Although the role of the fluoroquinolones in the treatment of this condition is evolving, fluoroquinolones are often recommended as second-line therapy or as first-line therapy for selected patients (e.g., those who received antibacterials in the previous 4-6 weeks or adults with moderate-to-severe disease).
Factor interaction on service delivery in mobile ad hoc networks

Delay sensitive applications are driving the need for the support of quality-of-service (QoS) in mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, we use statistical design of experiments to study the impact of factors and their interaction on the service delivered. We consider the factors of QoS architecture, routing protocol, medium access control protocol, offered load, and mobility, at mixed levels. Real-time throughput, total throughput, and average delay are used as the measures of service delivery. A statistical analysis of the data collected by simulation using analysis of variance techniques is performed. This allows us to identify both main effects and interactions of factors that best explain the response variables. For average delay several factors of the experiment interact. For both forms of throughput, the impact of the routing protocol is not apparent except as it interacts with other factors, and the factor interactions are not as extensive as for delay. Thus, for all response variables the factors cannot be studied in isolation. As well, the analysis provides a means for a system architect to determine the level to set the factors to optimize a specific service delivery metric, or combination of metrics.
A generic simulator for modeling manufacturing modules

This paper presents a simulator for designing and analyzing modular manufacturing lines. Included in this paper are a description of the simulator, a sample application, and the benefits of using this approach.
A transform for multiscale image segmentation by integrated edge and region detection

Describes a transform to extract image regions at all geometric and photometric scales. It is argued that linear approaches have the shortcoming that they require a priori models of region shape. The proposed transform avoids this by letting the structure emerge, bottom-up, from interactions among pixels. The transform involves global computations on pairs of pixels followed by vector integration of the results. An attraction force field is computed over the image in which pixels belonging to the same region are mutually attracted and the region is characterized by a convergent flow. It is shown that the transform possesses properties that allow multiscale segmentation, or extraction of original, unblurred structure at all different geometric and photometric scales present. This is in contrast with much previous work wherein multiscale structure is viewed as the smoothed structure in a multiscale signal decimation. Scale is an integral parameter of the force computation, and the number and values of scale parameters associated with the image can be estimated automatically. Regions are detected at all a priori unknown scales resulting in automatic construction of a segmentation tree, in which each pixel is annotated with descriptions of all the regions it belongs to. Transform properties are presented for piecewise-constant images but hold for more general ones. Thus the proposed method is intended as a solution to the problem of multiscale, integrated edge and region detection, or low-level image segmentation. Experimental results are given.
Dispersion Diagram Characteristics of Periodic Array of Dielectric and Magnetic Materials Based Spheres

In this paper, the characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves supported by three dimensional (3D) periodic arrays of dielectric and magneto-dielectric spheres are theoretically investigated. The sphere particles have the potential to offer electric and magnetic dipole modes, where their novel arrangements engineer desired metamaterial performance. A full wave spherical modal analysis is applied to express the electromagnetic fields in terms of the electric and magnetic dipole modes and the higher order terms. Imposing the boundary conditions, determine the required equations for obtaining kd-betad dispersion characteristics. A metamaterial constructed from unit-cells of two different spheres is created, where one set of spheres develops electric modes, and the other set establishes magnetic modes. It is demonstrated that such a composite of high dielectric spheres provides double negative (DNG) metamaterial in a narrow frequency band spectrum where kd,betad 1. The developments of DNG and backward wave metamaterials utilizing 3D array of magneto-dielectric spheres located inside space, and dielectric spheres embedded in a negative mu host, are also addressed. The use of magnetic materials allows accomplishing wider dispersion characteristic bandwidths and tunable feasibility.
Compositionality of optimal control laws

We present a theory of compositionality in stochastic optimal control, showing how task-optimal controllers can be constructed from certain primitives. The primitives are themselves feedback controllers pursuing their own agendas. They are mixed in proportion to how much progress they are making towards their agendas and how compatible their agendas are with the present task. The resulting composite control law is provably optimal when the problem belongs to a certain class. This class is rather general and yet has a number of unique properties - one of which is that the Bellman equation can be made linear even for non-linear or discrete dynamics. This gives rise to the compositionality developed here. In the special case of linear dynamics and Gaussian noise our framework yields analytical solutions (i.e. non-linear mixtures of LQG controllers) without requiring the final cost to be quadratic. More generally, a natural set of control primitives can be constructed by applying SVD to Green's function of the Bellman equation. We illustrate the theory in the context of human arm movements. The ideas of optimality and compositionality are both very prominent in the field of motor control, yet they have been difficult to reconcile. Our work makes this possible.
Solvent-Promoted Self-Healing Epoxy Materials

Mary M. Caruso,† David A. Delafuente,† Victor Ho,‡ Nancy R. Sottos,§ Jeffrey S. Moore,†,§ and Scott R. White*,| Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute, UniVersity of Illinois at UrbanasChampaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, Department of Chemical Engineering, UniVersity of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute, UniVersity of Illinois at UrbanasChampaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Department of Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, UniVersity of Illinois at UrbanasChampaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 ReceiVed September 4, 2007 ReVised Manuscript ReceiVed October 16, 2007
Detecting Typing Errors in a Numerical Typing Task with Linear Discriminant Analysis of Single Trial EEG

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was utilized to detect numerical typing errors in the context of daily data input. Single EEG trial data from 6 subjects were analyzed and a 67% detection rate was demonstrated by Fisher LDA classifier with an optimal Mahalanobis distance ratio setting. Sensitivity analysis showed that Fisher LDA classifier detected the errors in terms of 9-digit numbers by 62.19% on average, in comparison with 3.33% and 47.22% using the prior model and the chance model. This is one step towards predicting human errors in perceptual-motor tasks before their occurrence; future work would focus on benchmarking to improve current method toward an online and robust classifier.
A Relaxed Lexicographic Pattern Search Method for Solving Design Problems With Nondifferentiable Constraints and Goals

In engineering design, many design problems have multiple constraints and objectives, which may be nondifferentiable. For this problem type, only zero-order solution methods are applicable. In this paper, we present a relaxed lexicographic pattern search method for solving this design problem type, where the objectives are preferenced in either an Archimedean or preemptive formulation. The Hooke-Jeeves (HJ) pattern search method is the basis of this method, which is implemented as the MORPS (Multi-Objective Randomized Pattern Search) algorithm. The HJ pattern search method is used because it requires only function values and has an intuitive graphical interpretation through which to gain insight into the nature of complex design spaces. A relatively new class of simultaneous product/process design problem utilizing virtual prototypes to support design for disassembly is introduced to motivate the need for the MORPS algorithm. An example, based on the design of an automotive center console for disassembly, illustrates the application of the MORPS algorithm.
Polya's bees: A model of decentralized decision-making

How do social systems make decisions with no single individual in control? We observe that a variety of natural systems, including colonies of ants and bees and perhaps even neurons in the human brain, make decentralized decisions using common processes involving information search with positive feedback and consensus choice through quorum sensing. We model this process with an urn scheme that runs until hitting a threshold, and we characterize an inherent tradeoff between the speed and the accuracy of a decision. The proposed common mechanism provides a robust and effective means by which a decentralized system can navigate the speed-accuracy tradeoff and make reasonably good, quick decisions in a variety of environments. Additionally, consensus choice exhibits systemic risk aversion even while individuals are idiosyncratically risk-neutral. This too is adaptive. The model illustrates how natural systems make decentralized decisions, illuminating a mechanism that engineers of social and artificial systems could imitate.
Low-bit-rate enhanced quality JPEG to JPEG 2000 encoding

The JPEG 2000 standard is a wavelet based compression methodology that achieves nearly an order of magnitude better compression performance than the existing DCT-based JPEG standard. Thus, it is desirable to convert existing JPEG images into JPEG 2000 images in order to minimize the storage and/or communications bandwidth requirements. JPEG 2000's performance enhancement can be maximized if its Region of Interest (ROI) coding option is employed. Unfortunately, this option results in a low bit rate coder, which tends to be plagued with ringing artifacts due to the abrupt truncation of high frequency wavelet coefficients at the ROI edges. In this paper, we briefly describe a novel minimum distortion transcoding technology to convert compressed JPEG images into compressed JPEG 2000 images. Experimental results indicate that the visual quality of resulting images is improved, while the time required to download them has been dramatically deceased. We expect that these new techniques can also be applied to computer vision, medical imaging, and e-commerce applications.
The development of a multidimensional attitude toward mental health scale : Preliminary findings from two cohorts of younger and older adults

Abstract In light of older adults' need for mental health services, the present study presents preliminary data gathered from two cohorts of younger and older adults for the purpose of exploring the utility of a multidimensional measure of attitudes toward mental health for older persons. Intercorrelations among the attitude scales suggest that they measure distinct aspects of mental health attitudes, and in varying degrees, these scales intercorrelate with the Fischer and Turner (1970) Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional and Psychological Help scale. Dimensionalized scores also differentially relate to mental health service use across samples. In light of this measure's exploratory nature, future research exploring its factor structure, construct validity, and predictive validity is warranted.
Agenda Control in the 2008 Presidential Debates

Research indicates that, when engaging their opponents, strategic candidates will draw (and redraw) lines of conflict, pulling attention to their advantaged topics. But do these expectations hold u...
Kinetics of HOBr Uptake on NaBr and NaCl Surfaces at Varying Relative Humidity

The uptake kinetics of HOBr on NaBr and NaCl particle-film surfaces has been studied in a flow reactor coupled with a differentially pumped quadrupole mass spectrometer. Spray-deposited and aerosol-deposited salt-particle films were used for the measurement of HOBr reactivity. A rapid gas−surface reaction was observed on the NaBr surface at 250 K, and the initial uptake coefficient γw was determined to be 0.029 ± 0.004 and 0.021 ± 0.004 at relative humidities (RH) of 0.5 and 12.2%, respectively. γw is lower at 260 K. For the reaction on NaCl particle surfaces, γw decreases slightly from 2.0 ± 0.3 × 10-3 to 8.1 ± 1.3 × 10-4 at 250 K as RH increases from 1.5 to 18.2%. The results are interpreted in terms of the mechanism HOBr(ad) + NaX(s) → BrX + NaOH(s), which involves the adsorption of HOBr on the surface, with the reactions occurring mainly on a NaX surface domain without water coverage at low RH. The surface morphology of the particle films was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the tort...