cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acquired neuropathologic lesions associated with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

This study details the type, frequency, clinical presentation, and etiologic associations of acquired brain lesions in 40 infants with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome encountered during a 52-month interval. Detailed postmortem neuropathologic examinations showed that 55% of the infants were free of acquired brain lesions. However, the other 45% had combinations of hypoxic-ischemic lesions and intracranial hemorrhage. Central nervous system perfusion and glucose-oxygen delivery appeared to be important factors in the occurrence of hypoxic-ischemic lesions or intracranial hemorrhage, whereas acidosis and hypercarbia were not. Cerebral necrosis may be a predisposing factor for a major intracranial hemorrhage. A duration of cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermic total circulatory arrest longer than 40 minutes was associated with a higher incidence of acquired neuropathology. These results indicate that the majority of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndorme are free of acquired neuropathology and suggest practical ways to reduce the risks in the others.
Early reionization by cosmic strings reexamined

Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropy and the temperature-polarization cross correlation by Wilkinson Microwave Anistropy Probe (WMAP) suggest a reionization redshift of z{approx}17{+-}5. On the other hand, observations of high redshift galaxies indicate a presence of a significant fraction of neutral hydrogen at redshift z{approx}6-7. We show that cosmic strings with tensions well within, but not far from, current observation bounds could cause early star formation at a level sufficient to explain the high reionization redshift.
Accelerating leadership development via immersive learning and cognitive apprenticeship

The authors put forward an approach to leadership development that builds on the principle of accelerated learning. They argue that leadership development, particularly in a period of recession or slow economic growth, needs to deliver results more quickly and with fewer resources. Indeed, they raise the question of whether or not this is what is necessary for training and development more generally.
Krüppel-Like Factor 2 Controls T Cell Trafficking by Activating L-Selectin (CD62L) and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Transcription

Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a member of zinc-finger transcription factors. Based on its expression in naive and memory T cells and the activated phenotype of few T cells in mice lacking KLF2 in the lymphoid lineage, KLF2 is postulated to regulate T cell homeostasis by promoting cell quiescence. In this study, we show that in reporter gene assays KLF2 directly activates the promoters of both CD62L and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1), whose expression is critical for T cell egress from the thymus and homing to the lymph nodes. Correspondingly, exogenous KLF2 expression in primary T cells significantly up-regulates both CD62L and S1P1. Following adoptive transfer, KLF2-transduced T cells are much more efficient in homing to lymphoid organs than nontransduced T cells. These findings suggest that KLF2 regulates T cell homeostasis at least partly by controlling CD62L and S1P1 expression, and therefore T cell egress from the thymus and circulation in the periphery.
Introduction to electronic packaging: an undergraduate textbook

An undergraduate text book that introduces the subject of packaging in a cross-discipline and system-level fashion is proposed. It will be authored by some of the leading academic and industry experts from around the world. The proposed chapter topics include: (1) what is electronic packaging? (its importance and its markets); (2) technology drivers; (3) electrical design fundamentals; (4) thermo-mechanical design fundamentals; (5) packaging materials and processes; (6) single chip packages; (7) multi chip packages; (8) chip assembly; (9) printed wiring board (PWB); (10) chip-to-board connections; (11) discrete components; (12) optoelectronic packaging; (13) RF electronics; (14) sealing and encapsulation; (15) electrical testing; and (16) reliability.
Taxonomic changes in Oenothera sections Gaura and Calylophus (Onagraceae)

The long-recognized genus Gaura was shown recently to be deeply nested within one of two major clades of Oenothera. New molecular data indicate further taxonomic changes are necessary in Oenothera sect. Gaura. We make these changes here, including three new combinations, in advance of the Onagraceae treatment for the Flora of North America. The new phylogenetic studies show that several pairs of taxa treated as subspecies in the most recent revision by Raven and Gregory (1972) had independent origins within sect. Gaura, and are here elevated to species level (Oenothera nealleyi for Gaura suffulta subsp. nealleyi; Oenothera dodgeniana for Gaura neomexicana subsp. neomexicana; and Oenothera podocarpa for Gaura hexandra subsp. gracilis). Also, a nomenclatural problem in Oenothera sect. Calylophus is corrected by adopting the name Oenothera capillifolia Scheele for the species known previously, and nomenclaturally correct, as Calylophus berlandieri Spach. This problem necessitates a new combination Oenothera capillifolia subsp. berlandieri.
Comparisons of Phosphorothioate and Phosphate Monoester Transfer Reactions: Activation Parameters, Solvent Effects, and the Effect of Metal Ions

The thermodynamics, pH dependency, solvent effects, and the effect of divalent metal ions have been examined for the hydrolysis reactions of the phosphorothioate monoester p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (pNPPT) and compared with those of the corresponding phosphate monoester, p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP). The pH dependency for pNPPT hydrolysis mirrors that for typical phosphate monoesters, with the monoanion being the most reactive species. The ratio of the rate constants for pNPPT hydrolysis to that for pNPP is 1380 for the monoanion reactions and 12.6 for the dianion reactions at 39 °C. The free energy of activation for hydrolysis of the pNPPT dianion in water is 27.9 kcal/mol versus 29.5 kcal/mol for pNPP; for the monoanion reactions the values are 22.2 kcal/mol for pNPPT and 26.8 kcal/mol for pNPP. The free energies of solvation for pNPPT and pNPP are within 0.1 kcal/mol of each other despite the poorer hydrogen bonding ability of sulfur versus oxygen. This minimal difference in ground-state energie...
Comparisons between physics-based, engineering, and statistical learning models for outdoor sound propagation

Many outdoor sound propagation models exist, ranging from highly complex physics-based simulations to simplified engineering calculations. More recently, highly flexible statistical methods have become available, which offer the capability to predict outdoor sound propagation, given a training dataset. Among the variety of modeling approaches, the range of incorporated physics varies from none, as in the statistical learning methods, to comprehensive considerations for physical models. Engineering methods vary in the level of incorporated physics, oftentimes resorting to heuristic or approximate approaches. In order to compare the capability of engineering and statistical learning models, one particular physics-based model is used for outdoor sound propagation predictions, namely, a Crank-Nicholson parabolic equation (CNPE) model. Narrowband transmission loss values predicted with the CNPE, based upon a simulated dataset of meteorological, boundary, and source conditions, act as simulated observations. Among the engineering models used in the comparisons are the Harmonoise propagation model and the ISO 9613-2 method. Among the statistical learning methods used in the comparisons is a random forest regression model. Metrics such as the root-mean-square error and the skill score are computed for both the engineering models and statistical learning models.
Characterization ofBradyrhizobium sp. (Astragalus sinicus L.) using serological agglutination, intrinsic antibiotic resistance, plasmid visualization, and field performance

Eleven isolates ofBradyrhizobium sp. (Astragalus sinicus L.), originating from plants ofAstragalus sinicus (Chinese milkvetch) in China and Japan, were characterized using serological agglutination, intrinsic antibiotic resistance, and plasmid visualization. Serological agglutination, using antisera against three isolates effective onA. sinicus and two isolates effective on otherAstragalus spp., showed that there may be two serogroups among the eleven isolates effective onA. sinicus, and that the antigenic components are heterogeneous. Results of both intrinsic antibiotic resistance and plasmid visualization demonstrated similarities between four of the isolates.
Transport of Strontium-90 Towards the Equator at Mid-depths in the Atlantic Ocean

STUDIES in physical oceanography, both by observation (as summarized by Defant1) and by theory (as summarized by Stommel2), have led to the development of the concept of relatively rapidly flowing currents transporting considerable masses of water at intermediate depths northward or southward to and across the equator in the Atlantic Ocean. Measurement in these current systems of the changes in concentration of strontium-90 distributed by fall-out appears to offer an independent approach to the assessment of these circulations. Conversely, substantial agreement between observed patterns of strontium-90 distribution, and details of those predicted on physical oceanographic grounds, may be taken as evidence supporting the accuracy of the radioisotope analyses. The radiochemical and geochemical aspects of strontium-90 analyses have been discussed elsewhere3–8.
Field trials for chemical control of seedpiece decay and blackleg of potato

Field trials for chemical control of potato seedpiece decay and blackleg, carried out in 1959, 1960, and 1961, revealed little or no benefit from seedpiece treatment when the cutting, treating, and planting operations were done the same day. However, if seed were cut and treated a month before planting, some detrimental and some beneficial results were obtained. Streptomycin (Agrimycin 100 or Phytomycin), used at 100 ppm, caused a reduction in stand and yield when used 30 days before planting. The percentage stand and the yield from pre-cut seed receiving no treatment were lower than those from non-treated seed cut at time of planting. Treatment of pre-cut seed with captan resulted in stands and yields equal to those obtained from any of the treatments of seed cut at time of planting. Treatment with streptomycin in combination with captan or dieldrin, or both, failed to offset the harmful effects of streptomycin on pre-cut seed. Treatment with dieldrin was neither beneficial nor harmful.
720-1 Incidence of and Factors Associated with Abrupt Closure in Patients Undergoing Elective, New Device Angioplasty in Native Coronary Arteries

To determine the incidence and predictors of abrupt closure (TIMI flow = 0 or 1) in patients undergoing new device angioplasty (NDA), we studied the hospital records and qualitative morphologic and quantitative angiographic methods of 1,983 patients with unfavorable lesion morphologies treated electively in native coronary arteries with intracoronary stents (N = 96), extraction atherectomy (TEC; N = 27). directional atherectomy (N = 563), rotational atherectomy (N = 775), or laser (N = 522). The overall incidence of abrupt closure was 3.9% (78/1983), with 2.1% (42/78) occurring during the procedure and 1.8% (36/78) occurring out-of-Iab (1 patient with both inand out-of-Iab abrupt closure). Among NDA, TEC (14.8%) and stents (8.3%) had relatively higher frequencies of abrupt closure compared to other NDAs (mean of 3.5%). Multivariate analysis of demographic and lesion characteristics revealed the following predictors associated with either in-lab or out-oflab abrupt closure: Independent Predictors Odds Ratio 95% C.I. p value Unstable angina 2.01 1.13-3.57 l0.05 Lesion length ≥ 10 mm 2.00 1.26-3.19 l0.005 Angulation ≥ 45 ° 1.82 1.09-3.04 l0.05 C.I. = confidence interval The sole independent predictor for out-of-lab only abrupt closure was dissection (Odds Ratio = 3.11, p l 0.005). We conclude that:(1) The incidence of abrupt closure (both in- and out-of-lab) was 3.9% in patients undergoing elective new device angioplasty, with nearly equal distribution of in- and outof- lab occurrences: (2) Unstable angina. lesion length ≥ 10 mm, and angulation ≥ 45° predicted either in- or out-of-lab abrupt closure, whereas dissection was the sole significant predictor of out-of-lab only abrupt closure: and (3) both lesion-related (thrombus-containing lesions for extraction atherectomy) and device-related factors (stents with subacute thrombosis) added to the acceptable rates of abrupt closure with these new devices for lesions unfavorable for conventional angioplasty.
Estimates of rate coefficients for elementary processes occurring during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over RuTiO2

Abstract The dynamics of elementary processes involved in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons over Ru TiO 2 have been determined from the analysis of data from both steady-state and transient-response experiments. Both types of experiments were carried out with different feed catalyst bed residence times to assess the effects of olefin readsorption on the dynamics of chain initiation, propagation, and termination. Strong evidence was found for the rapid reentry of ethylene into the chain growth process. The reentry of C3+ olefins, though, is negligible for the conditions studied. The holdup of hydrocarbons in a weakly physisorbed state was found to be significant for C6+ products and must be accounted for in the simulation of transient-response experiments. When the effects of ethylene readsorption and C6+ holdup are properly taken into account, the rate coefficients for chain initiation, propagation, and termination, determined from simulations of the transient-response experiments, are independent of carbon number and catalyst-bed residence time. Rate coefficients for the readsorption of ethylene, the depolymerization of adsorbed ethyl groups, and the dehydrogenation of methyl to methylene groups were also determined from simulations of the transient-response experiments.
Establishing Age-Correction Factors Related to the Level of Herd Production

Summary Age-correction factors have been developed based on the level of herd production. They are additive factors, expressed as regressions on the age-corrected herd average and, as such, might be termed within-herd additive gross comparison factors. They indicate that age corrections should be larger in herds of high production than in herds of low production, independent of the actual production of the young cow. One comparison with the multiplicative factors indicates that the latter do take account of between-herd differences in age effects. Work is in progress on comparing different sets of age-correction factors.
Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior of an Ultrafine-Grained Al-20 Wt Pct Si Alloy

The effect of powder particle size on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of Al-20 wt pct Si alloy powders was studied in both the gas-atomized and extruded conditions. The microstructure of the as-atomized powders consisted of fine Si particles and that of the extruded bars showed a homogeneous distribution of fine eutectic Si and primary Si particles embedded in the Al matrix. The grain size of fcc-Al varied from 150 to 600 nm and the size of the eutectic Si and primary Si was about 100 to 200 nm in the extruded bars. The room-temperature tensile strength of the alloy with a powder size <26 µm was 322 MPa, while for the coarser powder (45 to 106 µm), it was 230 MPa. The tensile strength of the extruded bar from the fine powder (<26 µm) was also higher than that of the Al-20 wt pct Si-3 wt pct Fe (powder size: 60 to 120 µm) alloys. With decreasing powder size from 45 to 106 µm to <26 µm, the specific wear of all the alloys decreased significantly at all sliding speeds due to the higher strength achieved by ultrafine-grained constituent phases. The thickness of the deformed layer of the alloy from the coarse powder (10 µm at 3.5 m/s) was larger on the worn surface in comparison to the bars from the fine powders (5 µm at 3.5 m/s), attributed to the lower strength of the bars with coarse powders.
Damned Liars and Expert Witnesses

Abstract Until recently the applications of inferential statistics in legal proceedings have been minor and limited. With the advent of civil rights legislation, however, the courts have embraced statistical inference with enthusiasm. The needs of the courts are not well matched with the usual practice of statistics, and this mismatch has serious adverse consequences for both fields. The various sources of difficulty are outlined, and tentative proposals for their amelioration are put forward.
X-rays and Fluctuating X-Winds from Protostars

Protostars emit more x-rays, hard and soft, than young sunlike stars in more advanced stages of formation. The x-ray emission becomes harder and stronger during flares. The excess x-rays may arise as a result of the time-dependent interaction of an accretion disk with the magnetosphere of the central star. Flares produced by such fluctuations have important implications for the x-wind model of protostellar jets, for the flash-heating of the chondrules found in chondritic meteorites, and for the production of short-lived radioactivities through the bombardment of primitive rocks by solar cosmic rays.
Portable, Fiber-Based, Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy (DRS) Systems for Estimating Tissue Optical Properties

Steady-state diffuse reflection spectroscopy is a well-studied optical technique that can provide a noninvasive and quantitative method for characterizing the absorption and scattering properties of biological tissues. Here, we compare three fiber-based diffuse reflection spectroscopy systems that were assembled to create a light-weight, portable, and robust optical spectrometer that could be easily translated for repeated and reliable use in mobile settings. The three systems were built using a broadband light source and a compact, commercially available spectrograph. We tested two different light sources and two spectrographs (manufactured by two different vendors). The assembled systems were characterized by their signal-to-noise ratios, the source-intensity drifts, and detector linearity. We quantified the performance of these instruments in extracting optical properties from diffuse reflectance spectra in tissue-mimicking liquid phantoms with well-controlled optical absorption and scattering coefficients. We show that all assembled systems were able to extract the optical absorption and scattering properties with errors less than 10%, while providing greater than ten-fold decrease in footprint and cost (relative to a previously well-characterized and widely used commercial system). Finally, we demonstrate the use of these small systems to measure optical biomarkers in vivo in a small-animal model cancer therapy study. We show that optical measurements from the simple portable system provide estimates of tumor oxygen saturation similar to those detected using the commercial system in murine tumor models of head and neck cancer.
Scope, mechanism, and outcome: arguing soft power in the context of public diplomacy

Public diplomacy connotes a range of international programmes tasked with cultivating influence for nation-states. It is typically justified within the arguments that comprise the concept of ‘soft power’. Soft power, however, is a vague concept, arguably, which has been difficult to implicate as pivotal to foreign policy outcomes. Yet, despite its apparent shortcomings, the concept informs a variety of nation-state and international actors in their strategic formulations. States acting on soft power tenets via a diversity of policies suggest further attention is warranted to examine how soft power is adapted to the practice of public diplomacy among different nation-states. This article draws on Stefano Guzzini’s ‘performative conceptual analysis’ to explore how a comparative analysis of public diplomacy can account for differing articulations of soft power, and the kinds of tools that leverage communicative and cultural resources toward expected gains. The goal is to render soft power as grounded in localised, practical understandings of strategic necessity through public diplomacy tools of statecraft. Soft power is presented as an assemblage of practical reasoning that informs linkages between strategic arguments about communication power and the practice of public diplomacy.
Low Temperature Characteristics of Rock Magnetism

Since the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants (K1, K2) and the magnetostriction coefficients (λ100, λ111) of titanomagnetites change appreciably with temperature in the low temperature range, the magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization of these minerals depending on these parameters also change markedly with temperature. In particular, the magnetite-rich titanomagnetite has the isotropic point, at which K1=0, at a low temperature. The marked reduction of magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy around the isotropic point results in some remarkable magnetic phenomena. These phenomena are: -(a) On cooling, IRM almost vanishes or is sharply reduced at the isotropic temperature, and on subsequent heating, once diminished magnetization is recovered to a certain extent above the isotropic temperature;(b) By heating from a temperature below the isotropic point to the room temperature in a magnetic field (H), the sample acquires remanent magnetization;(c) As IRM almost vanishes at the isotropic temperature on cooling and its recovery on heating is of a small amount (<1/5) while TRM's recovery rate is 80%-90%, the procedure of cooling down a rock sample to a temperature below the isotropic point can work as an effective method of cleaning IRM and VRM of magnetites and titanomagnetites.
Shifting learning goals: from competent tool use to participatory media spaces in the emergent design process

Recently, the relationship between identity and learning has come front and center in discussions about how to design successful learning environments for youth who struggle in mainstream institutions. In this essay, I explore the role identity development plays in constructing learning environments for traditionally marginalized youth. While I agree with DeGennaro and Brown on the importance of identity development for learning, I stretch the relationship between these two constructs in several ways: First, I will argue that how we define “technology” and what that means for marginalized youth, particularly those who are assumed to be victims of the “digital divide” is a crucial aspect of the design of successful digital learning environments. Second, I discuss how identity is represented in these digital learning spaces, and analyze how meaning is constructed in multimodal spaces such as websites. Finally, I reflect on DeGennaro and Brown’s notion of “emergent design,” as a positive contribution to design research, and propose the idea of incorporating youths’ already existing competencies into the emergent design process.
Eosinophils Inhibit Viral Transduction of Human Target Cells via a Ribonuclease Dependent Mechanism. • 698

Eosinophils Inhibit Viral Transduction of Human Target Cells via a Ribonuclease Dependent Mechanism. • 698
Control considerations for automated guideway transit systems

The objective of the paper is to present a description of the various control functions necessary for the operation of advanced automated transit systems. These control functions are hierarchical in nature and range from scheduling and routing to control of velocity and spacing between individual vehicles. Proposed solutions to the various control problems which arise in advanced automated transit systems are discussed.
Alkylation of the O6 of guanine is only one of many chemical events that may initiate carcinogenesis.

(1984). Alkylation of the O6 of Guanine is Only One of Many Chemical Events that May Initiate Carcinogenesis. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 233-238.
Discontinuities in Symmetric Striplines Due to Impedance Steps and Their Compensations

The theoretically known magnitude of the series lumped reactance, as a function of impedance step ratio, resulting from an impedance step discontinuity in symmetric stripline is confirmed, and an alternative expression for the inductance is given. A reduction of this reactance has been achieved by splitting the narrower strip at the impedance step junction into a multistrip configuration, while retaining the total characteristic impedance value. A way of compensating the effect of the reactance on the pass-band characteristics of quarter-wave impedance transformers and filters is developed. This is achieved by the introduction of a lumped series capacitance at the impedance step discontinuity.
Tunable photonic devices based on the temperature dependent photonic band gap in chiral nematic liquid crystals

We have investigated the physical and optical properties of the left-handed chiral dopant ZLI-811 mixed in a nematic liquid crystal (LC) host BL006. The solubility of ZLI-811 in BL006 at room temperature is ~24 wt%, but can be enhanced by increasing the temperature. Consequently, the photonic band gap of the cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) mixed with more than 24 wt% chiral dopant ZLI-811 is blue shifted as the temperature increases. Based on this property, we demonstrate its applications in thermally tunable band-pass filters and dye-doped CLC lasers. In addition, we also demonstrated a spatially tunable laser emission by generating a one-dimensional temperature gradient along the dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) cell. The lasing wavelength is widely tunable from 577 nm to 670 nm. The lowest excitation energy and maximum lasing efficiency occur at λ~605 nm which corresponds to the peak fluorescence emission of the dye.
Self-concept protection by children with physical differences

In exploring how elementary school children cope with being physically different, this study of twenty children who are also experiencing academic difficulty found that 85% used five defensive-adaptive techniques at least several times a week to protect their sense of self and self-worth from a mental representation of body image as different or defective. Significant differences in coping style were identified between children born with physical differences and children acquiring these differences later in that members of the first group were more likely to use defensive-adaptive techniques designed to repair the difference symbolically while members of the latter group were more likely to use techniques designed to eradicate the physical difference.
Systems Engineering Solution for Technology Deployment to Combat Complex Threat Scenarios in the Homeland

Systems engineering has been applied to the problems faced by DHS, including defending the homeland against a complex threat. An initiative currently underway by DHS S&T will use systems engineering to perform analysis against a scenario prior to the field experiment. The systems engineering analysis will help define the specific configuration, location, and Concept of Operations (CONOPs) of the system. Results from the experiment will be fed back into the systems engineering framework architecture in order to refine and tune the analysis. This will give the systems engineers a higher confidence in the analysis and recommendations in future experiments as the system is improved, new sensors are added, and the threat becomes more complex.
Disclosing oneself to a stranger: Reciprocity and its limits

Two experiments explored the determinants of self-disclosure between strangers in airport departure lounges. Experiment I focused on the effects of demand characteristics on self-disclosure reciprocity. Subjects were asked to provide either “handwriting samples” or written “self-descriptions.” More intimate and longer disclosures were provided in the self-description condition. Subjects in the self-description condition also tended to reciprocate the intimacy level of the experimenter's prior disclosure to a greater degree. These results were attributed to a process of modeling, in response to the demand characteristics of the situation. Experiment II employed the handwriting paradigm to probe the limits of self-disclosure reciprocity. The experimenter first disclosed himself at either a low, medium, or high level of intimacy, and he did so either nonpersonalistically (he simply copied a standard measage) or personalistically (he pretended to create the message specifically for the subject). It was predicted that in the nonpersonalistic conditions subjects would again model the experimenter's level of intimacy. In the personalistic conditions, however, considerations of trust were expected to supplement or supplant the modeling mechanism. In particular, the personalistic, high intimacy message was expected to give rise to suspicion rather than trust and, as a result, to elicit a reduced degree of self-disclosure. The results with respect to the length of the subjects' messages conformed closely to the predicted pattern. On a qualitative measure of intimacy, there was a less perfect fit between predictions and results. Other results from both studies concerned the impact of sex roles upon patterns of self-disclosure. In Experiment II it was also found that out-of-town visitors wrote longer messages than did local residents, suggesting the operation of a “passing stranger” effect.
A Note on the Stability of Firm Size Distribution Functions for Western Cattle Ranches

Negative exponential functions adequately describe the size distribution of western cattle ranches. Further, these functions were found to be sufficiently stable over time to be used in projecting future size distributions of firms. As such, these exponential functions provide an attractive alternative to Markov type projections.
Cops, Computers and the Curriculum

Computers have become an integral tool for use by police officers in performing their daily duties. However, little has been done to incorporate training on the use of these important tools in basic police academies and in-service training. This article details the need for integration of computer training in curricula of police academies to improve computer literacy among police officers. Models for successful curriculum integration are discussed and recommendations are provided for reducing the barriers to computer related training.
Primary Coronary Artery Dissection

Three patients had angiographic appearance of chronic primary coronary artery dissection with features that differed from other patients with this entity studied at autopsy; they were men, ≥40 years of age, had angina pectoris and severe coronary artery disease. The right coronary artery, which was the artery involved with dissection, had only mild atherosclerosis. Further studies are needed to determine the natural history of this angiographic finding.
Surface Manifestations of Antibiotic-Induced Alterations in Protein Synthesis in Bacterial Cells

Scanning electron microscopy of changes in bacteria induced by antimicrobial agents which interfere with cell wall synthesis revealed morphological alterations which correlated well with their mechanism of action. The present studies were undertaken to investigate the presence and characteristics of alterations in surface morphology resulting from the action of antibiotics known to interfere with intracellular protein synthesis. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed to kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and tobramycin during various phases of bacterial growth. A spectrum of morphological changes related to concentration of drug and duration of exposure was observed which was similar to those induced by penicillin or cephalothin. Cells were also exposed to sulfamethoxazole with similar results. The morphological abnormalities observed may be surface reflections of specific abnormalities of intracellular protein synthesis or may represent a final common pathway of druAg-induced injury at many sites within or on bacterial cells. Images
Dynamics of NH3 photodesorption from GaAs: role of internal motion

Recent measurements of the photodesorption of isotope-labeled ammonia from GaAs(100) provided the first evidence for UV photodesorption from electronically-quenched, but vibrationally- excited adsorbates. The present study characterizes the quantum state distribution of photodesorbed NH3 using resonance- enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy and time-of-flight spectroscopy. The translational and rotational distributions can be approximated by Boltzmann temperatures of 300+/- 20 and 350+/- 50 K, respectively, with a relative population of 6+/- 2 % in the (nu) 2equals1 vibrational level, corresponding to a vibrational temperature of 490+/- 60 K. The observed nonthermal distribution, in conjunction with measurement on coadsorbed isotope mixtures, rules out the possibility of a resonant heating mechanism, which was proposed in earlier IR laser induced desorption studies. It suggests that UV photo-induced vibrational predesorption of NH3 from GaAs occurs on a time scale shorter than that for vibrational relaxation to substrate phonons. Possible energy transfer mechanisms responsible for desorption are discussed.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A molecular orbital comparison of molybdenum-sulfur dimers with sulfido ligands bridged by CH2 and FeCp fragments

An extensive reactivity with hydrogen and unsaturated molecules has been characterized for the [mu]-sulfide ligands in (CpMo)[sub 2]([mu]-S)[sub 2]S[sub 2]CH[sub 2] (2). However, the bridging disulfide ligand in the heteronuclear cluster [(CpMo)[sub 2]([mu]-S[sub 2])([mu]-S[sub 2]FeCp)][sup +] (3) was not reactive toward hydrogen or olefins. Extended Huckel molecular orbital calculations have been carried out for 2 and for the hypothetical Fe-Mo cluster with bridging sulfides rather than a disulfide ligand [(CpMo)[sub 2]([mu]-S)[sub 2](S[sub 2]FeCp)][sup +] (3[prime]). The electronic structures of complexes 2 and 3[prime] are analyzed in terms of the Cp[sub 2]Mo[sub 2]S[sub 4] and methylene and the FeCp[sup +] fragment orbitals, respectively. This approach leads to a qualitative understanding of the reasons for the structural and reactivity differences between 2 and 3. 23 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
TRANSITION FROM THE SECTOR ZONE TO THE UNIPOLAR ZONE IN THE HELIOSHEATH: VOYAGER 2 MAGNETIC FIELD OBSERVATIONS

The magnetic polarity pattern observed by Voyager 2 (V2) evolved with time from a nearly equal mixture of positive and negative polarity sectors in the sector zone from 2007.00 to 2007.67 to nearly uniform positive polarity (magnetic fields directed away from the Sun) in the unipolar zone from 2009.6 to 2010.3. This change was caused by the decreasing latitudinal extent of the sector zone, when the minimum extent of the heliospheric current sheet moved northward toward the solar equator as the solar activity associated with solar cycle 23 decreased a minimum in 2010. In the heliosheath, the distribution of daily averages of the magnetic field strength B was lognormal in the sector zone from 2008.83 to 2009.57 and Gaussian in the unipolar zone from 2009.57 to 2010.27. The distribution of daily increments of B was a Tsallis distribution (q-Gaussian distribution) with q = 1.66 +/- 0.010 in the sector zone and . Gaussian (q = 1.01+/-0.29) in the unipolar zone. The unipolar region appears to be in a relatively undisturbed equilibrium state.
Complete stability of autonomous reciprocal nonlinear networks

Several sufficient conditions are presented which guarantee that an autonomous nonlinear reciprocal network having multiple equilibrium states is completely stable in the sense that every trajectory of the network tends to an equilibrium state and hence no oscillation of other exotic mode of spurious behaviour can occur. Stability criteria are derived with the help of the concept of the generalized inverse of a maxtrix for both complete and noncomplete networks. The results on noncomplete networks depend crucially on the introduction of a pseudopotential function called pseudo-hybrid content and on the imposition of a local solvability condition. Most of the hypotheses are algorithmic in the sense that either explicit bounds are provided for computation purposes, or equivalent topological tests are given for checking the nonquantitative conditions. Most results presented are applicable to networks containing multiport and multi-terminal elements which are represented by coupled two-terminal elements. Examples are given which demonstrate that some of our results on complete stability are the best possible that can be obtained for the class of networks under consideration.
The effect of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) on muscarinic receptor-induced Ca2+ mobilization in a human salivary epithelial cell line.

We have investigated the effect of W-7, a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist, on Ca2+ mobilization in a human salivary epithelial cell line, HSG-PA, after muscarinic receptor stimulation. In a medium containing 1.5 mmol/l Ca2+, W-7 reduced both the maximum peak increase in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) which follows stimulation by carbachol (Cch, 100 μmol/l) and the sustained nature of the response. Using an experimental approach which allows separate visualization of the intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ entry phases, W-7 was shown preferentially to inhibit Ca2+ release. At 100 μmol/l W-7, Cch-induced Ca2+ release was completely inhibited, but Cch-induced Ca2+ entry was partially (∼40%) maintained. This W-7 residual Ca2+ entry response was abolished when cells were depolarized with high K+ or gramicidin D. W-7 also substantially inhibited Cch-induced inositol trisphosphate (IP3) production (∼75%). W-5, a less potent CaM antagonist than W-7, had markedly smaller effects on Cch-induced Ca2+ mobilization and IP3 formation. W-7 (100 μmol/ l) completely blocked (comparable to 10 μmol/l atropine) the binding of the muscarinic antagonist [3H] quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) to muscarinic receptors on cell membranes, whereas Cch (at 100 μmol/l) had minimal effects on ligand binding. W-7 and W-5 were equipotent in their ability to inhibit [3H] QNB binding. These results suggest that W-7 reduces Ca2+ mobilization in HSG-PA cells by a mechanism which likely involves the antagonism of a CaM regulatory step(s) but may also involve at least a partial blockade of the muscarinic receptor. In addition, in the presence of W-7, Ca2+ entry can occur via a receptor-operated Ca2+ pathway which is modulated by membrane potential.
The impact of thiazide diuretics on the initiation of lipid-reducing agents in older people: a population-based analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine how often treatment for hyperlipidemia followed the use of thiazides, compared with the use of other antihypertensive drugs, in older patients. DESIGN: Retrospective follow-up of all health claims filed over a 12-month period. SETTING: New Jersey Medicaid and Medicare programs. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 9274 enrollees, aged 65 to 99, who were newly initiated on antihypertensive medications from 1981–1989. MEASUREMENTS: We measured rates of lipid-reducing agent (LRA) initiation among patients in the 2 years following antihypertensive initiation (thiazide, non-thiazide drug, or combinations of the two) compared with rates among patients not currently taking antihypertensive agents. We used Cox regression analyses to estimate relative risks (RR), accounting for switching in antihypertensive therapy and for time when drug therapy was not currently available according to pharmacy refill records. RESULTS: There were 226 patients (2.4%) in the cohort who were started on LRA during the follow-up period. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found no significant relationship between LRA initiation and overall thiazide use (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.89-2.40), or other antihypertensive use, relative to no current exposure. However, use of high-dose thiazides (≥50 mg) was associated significantly with LRA initiation (RR 1.97, 95% CI 1.12-3.45). Factors associated with decreased incidence of LRA use included age ≥ 85 (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.96), black race (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.91), and nursing home residency (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.11-0.35). CONCLUSION: Use of low-cost and effective thiazide diuretics in older hypertensives was not associated with more common initiation of lipid-reducing agents, except with high-dose use of thiazides currently seen as inappropriate in most cases. Age and race were important determinants of LRA use.
Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of a Bridging Ethylidene (Perfluoroalkyl)phosphine Platinum Complex

Thermolysis of (dfepe)Pt(Et)(O2CCF3) (dfepe = (C2F5)2PCH2CH2P(C2F5)2) in benzene at 80 °C results in the formation of (dfepe)Pt(η2-C2H4). However, at 120 °C in CF3CO2H a bridging ethylidene platinum dimer, [(dfepe)2Pt2(μ-CHMe)(μ-H)][O2CCF3], is produced instead. Product isolation by precipitation with diethyl ether afforded the neutral dimer (dfepe)2Pt2(μ-CHMe3). Alternatively, (dfepe)2Pt2(μ-CHMe) may be prepared at 20 °C by treatment of [(dfepe)Pt(μ-H)]2(H)+ with 1 atm of ethylene. Complete characterization of this species was accomplished by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction. Investigations probing the mechanism of formation for this μ-alkylidene product are presented. The synthesis of the benzyl complex (dfepe)Pt(CH2Ph)(O2CCF3) and its reversible rearrangement to the η3-benzyl complex [(dfepe)Pt(η3-CH2Ph)]+ upon labilization of trifluoroacetate anion is also reported.
Automatic recognition of handwritten data on cheques — Fact or fiction?

Abstract Handwriting recognition and document processing are formidable tasks, and the recognition of the different data fields such as courtesy amount, legal amount, date, payee and signature, are advancing at different paces. After examining the problems involved and the facts, this paper focuses on one of the most challenging parts of a cheque recognition system, i.e., the segmentation and recognition of the date written on the cheques. It mimics humans in segmenting a date image, and two separators are used to detect the `Year', `Day' and `Month' zones based on shape and spatial features. Experiments have been conducted on a test set of 809 cheques with diverse colour designs and languages, with encouraging results. Apart from the above, this paper also analyses the outstanding issues in this growing field, and attempts to provide some pointers and solutions.
Toward native language software for information management

Abstract The paper examines general technical issues involved in placing the latest computer systems, operable by end users in a largely programmer-free environment, at the disposal of non-English-speaking users. Native-language software is defined as programs allowing such users to communicate with computers in their native language, and to process information in native languages. Approaches to augmenting existing off-the-shelf software for use in native-language environments are overviewed, with attention to user command language, language of communication from system to user, and the language of the data.
Size Selection in Viscoelastic Emulsions under Shear

We investigate the deformation of a dilute emulsion with a viscoelastic continuous phase under shear flow. Initially, polydisperse drops are deformed into thin cylinders. The breakup of these liquid cylinders appears to be suppressed until they reach a certain width. The resulting ruptured drops are uniform along the length of the cylinder. As a control, we also study drop breakup for a Newtonian emulsion, at a similar viscosity ratio. In this case, there is no corresponding size selection for the cylinder radius or daughter drops.
The Impact of the Unemployment Rate on Attrition of First-Term Enlistees

This study examines the effects of home-state unemployment rates on attrition behavior of Navy enlistees for successive career windows during the first term of service: the first 6 months, the second 6 months, the second year, and the third year of service. The results indicate that attrition is negatively associated with changes in the local unemployment rate during the first three career windows covering two years of service. However, after two years of service, the estimated effect of the unemployment rate becomes insignificant for most groups of sailors. This is likely because sailors with the poorest job matches are sorted out early in the first term of service.
Flatfoot and Its Surgical Treatments: a Computational Model of Common Procedures

Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) is a multi-stage degenerative joint disease. Common indicators are distinct morphological anomalies of the affected foot and the presence of pain and/or weakness along the posterior tibial tendon path. Early treatment (Stage I) can effect favorable results with nonoperative techniques including shoe orthotics. Surgical treatment begins at Stage II, which is characterized by more profound deep tissue damage to ligaments and tendons of the arch. The level of severity increases in Stages III and IV with significant joint damage including to the ankle [1].Copyright © 2010 by ASME
A Comparison of Nasendoscopy and Multiview Videofluoroscopy in Assessing Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Objectives 1) To compare nasendoscopy (NE) and multiview fluoroscopy (MVF) in assessing velopharyngeal gap size; and 2) to determine the relationship between these assessments and velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) severity. Study design and setting Retrospective review of consecutive patients with VPI at a tertiary care children’s hospital, assessed with NE and MVF between 1996 and 2003. Results 177 subjects. NE and MVF gap areas were correlated (R = 0.34, 95% CI 0.26-0.41). In adjusted analysis, VPI severity was associated with: 1) NE gap area (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.96-3.95), 2) MVF gap area (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.37-1.95), 3) age Conclusions and significance NE and MVF assessments provide complementary information and are correlated. Both are associated with VPI severity. However, the “bird’s-eye view” provided by NE has a stronger correlation with VPI severity than MVF. EBM rating: B-2b
The production and characterization of specific antibodies to aldosterone.

Abstract Antibodies specific for structure of the C and D rings of aldosterone were raised by coupling the steroid, specifically via its A ring to a carrier protein. Steroid hydrazones were formed under conditions such that Δ4-3 ketones preferentially reacted rather than C20 ketones. Use of parahydrazinobenzoic acid yielded which could be coupled in very high yield to a carrier protein by means of a carbodiimide in 5 M guanidien HCl. Immunization of rabbits with an aldosterone conjugate synthesized in this way produced specific antisera which had association constants for the steroid in the range of 109. In a radioimmunoassay 21 pg of 1,2-3H-aldosterone resulted in 50 per cent binding at antiserum dilutions of 1:70. Twenty-five pg of unlabeled steroid resulted in 15 per cent displacement of label. Corticosterone and cortisol displaced 3H-aldosterone with only 1·1 and 0·1 per cent the efficiency of aldosterone, respectively. No other steroid tested resulted in significant displacement.