cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxygenated analogues of 1-[2-(Diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]- and 1-[2-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazines (GBR 12935 and GBR 12909) as potential extended-action cocaine-abuse therapeutic agents.

An investigation into the preparation of potential extended-release cocaine-abuse therapeutic agents afforded a series of compounds related to 1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (1a) and 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (1b) (GBR 12935 and GBR 12909, respectively), which were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to bind to the dopamine transporter (DAT) and to inhibit the uptake of [3H]-labeled dopamine (DA). The addition of hydroxy and methoxy substituents to the benzene ring on the phenylpropyl moiety of 1a−1d resulted in a series of potent and selective ligands for the DAT (analogues 5−28). The hydroxyl groups were included to incorporate a medium-chain carboxylic acid ester into the molecules, to form oil-soluble prodrugs, amenable to “depot” injection techniques. The introduction of an oxygen-containing functionality to the propyl side chain provided ketones 29 and 30, which demonstrated greatly reduced affinity for the DAT ...
Anatomic and Physiologic Changes of the Aging Kidney

Aging is associated with structural and functional changes in the kidney. Structural changes include glomerulosclerosis, thickening of the basement membrane, increase in mesangial matrix, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and arteriosclerosis. Glomerular filtration rate is maintained until the fourth decade of life, after which it declines. Parallel reductions in renal blood flow occur with redistribution of blood flow from the cortex to the medulla. Other functional changes include an increase in glomerular basement permeability and decreased ability to dilute or concentrate urine.
Effect of surface tension on the temperature of burning metal droplets

Abstract An effect of Laplace pressure resulting in elevated boiling temperatures for fine burning metal droplets is discussed. The effect is evaluated for both Al and Mg. An increase in the boiling temperature suggests that the temperature of fine Al particles can become equal to or even higher than the temperature of the vapor phase Al flame. The high particle surface temperature may be associated with accelerated surface reaction rates. For Al, such surface reactions may generate vapor-phase aluminum suboxides, resulting in a reduced heat effect and extended burn times for fine particles and nanoparticles. For Mg, the particle temperature remains below the vapor phase flame temperature despite an elevated boiling point. For fine particles, surface reaction producing solid MgO growing directly on the particle surface is possible.
Photodegradation of hydroxychlorothalonil in aqueous solutions.

Hydroxychlorothalonil is the principal degradation product of the fungicide chlorothalonil in soil, and it is routinely detected in leachate from golf course greens at concentrations as high as 2 ppm. However, it is not detected in receiving waters of shallow ponds. Irradiation with simulated sunlight degraded hydroxychlorothalonil in distilled-deionized water, phosphate buffer, and pond water with half-lives of approximately 30 min. Slower degradation was observed in solutions of NaCl and NaCN, suggesting photonucleophilic substitution reactions may be responsible for the degradation. Hydroxylated products resulting from the displacement of chlorine and cyano groups were detected within the first hour of irradiation but were subsequently degraded to small aliphatic acids (succinic, oxalic, and malonic acid) within 96 h. Simulations of aquatic dissipation of the chemical using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard pond scenario in the exposure analysis modeling system indicate that the 30-min half-life measured in the laboratory would equate to a half-life of 2.6 d in a 2-m-deep pond and as much as 3.4 d in seawater. Although hydroxychlorothalonil is moderately stable and mobile in soil, these data suggest that, in surface water, it should be rapidly degraded by sunlight to small aliphatic acids on transport into aquatic systems.
Influence of growth conditions and surface reaction byproducts on GaN grown via metal organic molecular beam epitaxy: Toward an understanding of surface reaction chemistry

The surface reaction byproducts during the growth of GaN films via metal organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE) were investigated as a means to optimize material properties. Ethylene and ethane were identified as the dominant surface reaction hydrocarbon byproducts, averaging 27.63% and 7.15% of the total gas content present during growth. Intense ultraviolet (UV) photoexcitation during growth was found to significantly increase the abundance of ethylene and ethane while reducing the presence of H2 and N2. At 920°C, UV excitation was shown to enhance growth rate and crystalline quality while reducing carbon incorporation. Over a limited growth condition range, a 4.5×1019−3.4×1020 cm−3 variation in carbon incorporation was achieved at constant high vacuum. Coupled with growth rate gains, UV excitation yielded films with ∼58% less integrated carbon content. Structural material property variations are reported for various ammonia flows and growth temperatures. The results suggest that high carbon incorporation can be achieved and regulated during MOMBE growth and that in-situ optimization through hydrocarbon analysis may provide further enhancement in the allowable carbon concentration range.
Charlottesville bike route planner

In this paper we discuss the design of a web-based tool that will help bicyclists determine safe and efficient routes. Specifically, we will discuss the selection of the appropriate metrics for ranking bicycle routes, together with our approach for collecting data on these metrics. The web based route planner that we have designed uses a weighted combination of five different metrics to determine routes that optimize a tradeoff among various safety factors and distance.
Crack bifurcation in laminar ceramics having large compressive stress

Crack bifurcation is observed in laminar ceramics that contain large residual compressive stress. In such composites, alternating material layers have tensile and compressive residual stress, due to thermal expansion mismatch or other sources. The compressive stress ensures that crack growth leading to failure in the laminar system is mediated by threshold strength, but, in some cases, it also leads to bifurcation of the propagating flaw. The phenomenon of bifurcation takes place when the crack tip is propagating in the compressive layer, and occurs typically at a distance equal to a few laminate thicknesses below the free surface and beyond. The observation of this phenomenon is usually associated with the presence of edge cracking in the compressive layers of the laminar ceramic, although it can also occur in the absence of such edge cracks. In the few cases where bifurcation occurs without edge cracks, the residual stresses and layer thicknesses are close to the condition in which edge cracks will occur. In addition, in this case the bifurcation is confined to near the specimen free surface, and below the bifurcation plane, the cracks are straight. The energy release rates for the straight and bifurcated cracks are calculated from the results of finite element computations and compared. When edge cracking is ignored, the crack is simulated as a through-thickness crack in an infinite body, and the energy release rate is used to predict crack deviation and bifurcation. Based on this, the finite element model successfully predicts bifurcation in only one material combination that was investigated in experiments. However, the experimental bifurcation takes place in two additional material combinations. When the effect of edge cracking is incorporated into the finite element simulations, the energy release rate calculations successfully predict the phenomenon of bifurcation in three material combinations, as observed in the experiments. Since no edge cracks are present in the fourth material combination tested experimentally, its lack of bifurcations is automatically predicted by the model. The presence of edge cracking, or its incipience, is thus concluded to be critical to the occurrence of crack bifurcation in laminar ceramic composites.
Community as a factor in implementing interorganizational partnerships: Issues, constraints, and adaptations

This article reports findings from a community-based study of collaboration among seven nonprofit human service agencies in a very low-income urban neighborhood. The project, funded by a federal demonstration grant, was developed to prevent child abuse and neglect as an alternative to the existing public child welfare system. Findings suggest that privatization, funding uncertainties, and community-level factors posed external stressors that constrained executives' ability to collaborate. The article identifies five key stressors, analyzes how each constrained the partnership, and then discusses specific adaptations made by executive leadership in political, technical, and interpersonal areas that facilitated strategic adjustment and realignment in a very complex interorganizational arrangement and set of relationships. Finally, implications are drawn for nonprofit managers, social policy, and nonprofit research.
Participation in Mail Ballot Elections

LECTIONS are typically conducted on a single day during specified hours. With few exceptions, voters wishing to exercise their franchise must vote on that day at specified polling places. Although different cities or states use different ballot formats and voting systems (Rusk 1970; Walker 1966), the reliance on a single election day with voting at neighborhood locations has been a given in American politics. A major exception to neighborhood election day voting is absentee voting. Provisions for absentee voting have been liberalized in some states so that voters may now request and return their ballot through the mail (Walrath-Riley 1984). In the past few years, local governments of varying sizes have experimented with a new idea conducting an entire election by mail.2 Mail ballot elections differ from recent changes in absentee voting in that all registered voters are mailed a ballot and a return envelope. Mail ballot elections have the potential to increase voting, but do they? Are those who participate in mail ballot elections more representative than the kinds of people who vote in polling place elections? This article examines these questions in light of the elections conducted through the mails.
Spectral Response of the Adult Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Selected Wavelengths

Adults of Diabrolica virgifera LeConte were placed in choice boxes whose tops consisted of filters of six different wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet to red. Observations to determine the most attractive wavelengths, made five times daily, indicated that wavelengths in the yellow spectral region were significantly more attractive than those in the red region; additionally, red was more attractive than other wavelengths tested. The use of colored traps for assessing field populations of adult western corn rootworms is indicated.
A krill-dominated micronekton and macrozooplankton community in Croker Passage, Antarctica with an estimate of fish predation

Abstract A micronektonic and macrozooplanktonic community was sampled with midwater trawls in the Croker Passage, vic. Antarctic Peninsula. Species composition suggested the area was a faunal transition zone between oceanic and nearshore communities. In a comparison between the study area and two oceanic areas, four of the top five numerically dominant species were identical ( Euphausia superba, Salpa thompsoni, Thysanoessa macrura and Sagitta gazellae ). In the nearshore region a mysid ( Antarctomysis ohlinii ) replaced the oceanic chaetognath Euhrohnia hamata in numerical ranking . E. superba was primarily responsible for the much higher nearshore biomass values when compared with those of oceanic regions (52.6 vs 2.4–3.1 g DM/m 2 ). The ctenophore Callianira antarctica , the mysid A. ohlinii , and the pelagic nototheniid fish Pleuragramma antarcticum were important neritic biomass species. Some oceanic species, notably S. thompsoni and the mesopelagic fish Electrona antarctica , were also important contributors to total micronektonic biomass. Fish predation by P. antarcticum and E. antarctica on E. superba (assuming constant fish and krill populations through the season that was sampled, the austral fall (90 d), and using our daily consumption values) is estimated at 2.5% and 2.9% of the total krill numbers, respectively, mostly on the juvenile segment of the population. Krill densities vary considerably in time and space, while available data suggest that pelagic fishes show less seasonal and spatial change. The most likely explanation for those observations is that the fishes are reliably more vulnerable to sampling gear than krill, but it also implies a consistent low level of fish predation on krill throughout the year, particularly on juveniles.
Spectral analysis of periodicity and regularity for mobile encounters in delay tolerant networks

We study the encounter patterns of mobile devices to understand the potential of mobile nodes as messengers in delay tolerant networks. Specifically, we examine the extensive network and encounter traces that reflect mobility of communication devices, using spectral analysis to unearth hidden repetitive patterns of them. We discover strong presence of periodic encounter patterns between mobile users, particularly weekly pattern. Our results also show different location visiting ratio by more than 10 percent between regularly encountering pairs and others at 77 percent of the locations.
Model of convective Taylor columns in rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection.

Observations, and laboratory and numerical studies, of fluid flows with strong rotation and thermal forcing often show long-lived convective Taylor columns (CTCs) which carry a large portion of the vertical heat and mass fluxes. However, owing to experimental and numerical challenges, these structures remain poorly understood. Here we present a nonlinear, analytical multiscale model of CTCs in the context of rotating Rayleigh-Benard convection that successfully matches numerical simulations and provides a new multiscale interpretation of the Taylor-Proudman constraint.
Mimas : photometric roughness and albedo map

The backscattering phase function asssociated with bright icy satellites may render Hapke's (1986) isotropic approximation to multiple scattering inadequate. A reanalysis is accordingly conducted here of the Voyager observations of Mimas, using a modification to Hapke's equation that accommodates anisotropic multiple scattering, in order to characterize the physical and photometric properties of the heavily cratered icy surface. The roughness parameter of Mimas is in this way redefined, and an accurate albedo map is obtained which deminstrates small latitudinal and longitudinal albedo variations.
The Colony That Rose from the Sea: Norwegian Maritime Migration and Community in Brooklyn, 1850-1910

The development of the Norwegian community in Brooklyn was closely tied to the international maritime trade that developed from the 1850s to 1920. In this first book-length study of the immigrant community originally known as the Red Hook district and later as Little Norway, a Norwegian scholar traces its development and its place in the overall scheme of Norwegian emigration to America.
Expression of β amyloid protein precursor mRNAs: Recognition of a novel alternatively spliced form and quantitation in alzheimer's disease using PCR

Abstract We have analyzed alternatively spliced β amyloid protein precursor (βAPP) mRNAs by using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify OAPP cDNAs produced by reverse transcription. With this approach the three previously characterized (βAPP mRNAs (βAPP 695 , βAPP 751 , and (βAPP 770 ) are readily detected and compared in RNA samples extracted from specimens as small as a single cryostat section. We show that the results obtained with this method are not affected by partial RNA degradation and use it to identify a novel alternatively spliced βAPP 714 mRNA that is present at low abundance in each of the many human brain regions, peripheral tissues, and cell lines that we have examined; demonstrate that nonneuronal cells in the adult human brain and meninges produce appreciable (βAPPb 695 , βAPP 751 and βAPP 770 mRNA; and identify changes in (βAPP gene expression in the AD brain and meninges that may contribute to amyloid deposition.
The Genetic Basis of Paediatric Heart Disease

This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of paediatric heart disease and on the known single gene defects responsible for these diseases. Many paediatric cardiovascular diseases are heritable, have clinical manifestations in adult ages, are frequent in occurrence, and can have significant social and economic impact. Specific gene defects have been identified for hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, mitochondrial cardiomyopathies, Marfan's syndrome, Williams syndrome, familial supravalvar aortic stenosis, CATCH-22 syndrome and atrioventricular canal. Limited phenotypic response of the developing heart accounts for similar cardiovascular defects from differing gene defects. Although environmental factors affect expression of many of these genes, it is clear that single gene defects can be identified which cause paediatric cardiovascular disease. Interactions among cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, geneticists and basic scientists are vitally important in understanding the genetic basis of paediatric heart disease, its diagnosis and its therapy.
Strömgren Hβ Photometry of O and B Stars in Norma

This investigation presents a study of the Galactic structure toward the Norma section of the Milky Way. The field studied is located between 325° and 335° Galactic longitude and � 8° to 8° Galactic latitude. New observations in the uvbyβ system are combined with all uvbyβ data currently available to collate a sample of 130 O and B stars. A uniform procedure is applied to obtain the color excesses and stellar distances for all of the stars in the sample. The sample is magnitude limited to about V ¼ 9:5 mag and contains the brightest stars of the open clusters NGC 6087 and Ly 6, the field 2158 of Loden, the OB association Nor OB1, and stars located in the directions of R 103 and R 105. The intrinsically luminous stars in the field studied appear to be closer to the Sun than it has previously been thought. At about 860 pc, the majority of the stars in the sample delineate a segment consistent with the location of the Sagittarius-Carina arm as suggested in the four-arm model representation of the grand design of the Milky Way. A small part of the sample defines the near edge of the Scutum-Crux arm at about 1.75 kpc. Online material: color figures, extended table
New Power Processor Interfaces MMS Power Module Outputs

A description of a new power processor to interface the outputsfrom two or more multimission modular spacecraft (MMS) modularpower system (MPS) modules to the spacecraft payload is presented.Also included are an introduction describing the circumstances thatled to this power processor, and material concerning analysisresults, load programmability, and salient features, includingefficiency and weight aspects. Finally, important input and outputelectrical characteristics of this processor are summarized.
STEM education: A deficit framework for the twenty first century? A sociocultural socioscientific response

The ubiquitous of STEM education initiatives in recent years has created a bandwagon that has moved at nearly light speed. The impulse of the science education community and policy-makers is to grab hold for dear life or be marginalized from sub- sequent discussions about the necessity and consequences of using STEM initiatives to prepare and inform our next generation of citizens. This commentary questions the pru- dence of STEM-related science education goals, as typically represented and discussed in the literature, and likens the current practice to a deficit framework. A sociocultural per- spective framed through socioscientific considerations is offered as an alternative con- ceptualization as well as surplus model to hegemonic STEM practices.
Differential heart-rate responses to person in nervous and normal pointer dogs

Members of two behaviorally contrasting lines of purebred pointer dogs were tested during development at ages 3, 6, and 9 months for heart-rate response to the presence of and petting by a human. Dogs of the Nervous line, which show retreat, fearfulness, and freezing postures in the presence of humans and novel objects, exhibited at all ages a reduced heart rate with the person in the chamber and during petting. Dogs of the Normal line, which show friendliness and playfulness with humans and exploratory behavior toward novel objects, exhibited at 6 and 9 months an increased heart rate with the person in the chamber and a reduction of heart rate toward beseline during petting. Reciprocal crosses of the two lines clearly showed at 3 months the pattern characteristic of the male parent, while at 6 months the pattern for both hybrid types did not resemble the Nervous-line bradycardia pattern, but showed reduced aspects of the patterns of both lines. The data suggest a genetic explanation for markedly different physiologic effects of an emotion-provoking stimulus, which elicits what appears to be a negative emotional effect in one line and a positive emotional effect in the other line.
Induction of serine dehydratase activity by cyclic AMP is restricted to S phase in synchronized CHO cells

Abstract Synchronized CHO cells were exposed to dibutyryl cyclic AMP plus testosterone. Cell cycle parameters (generation time, mitotic index and DNA synthesis) were relatively unperturbed by the hormone. Of the two enzymes observed, lactic dehydrogenase was unaffected by treatment with the hormone in log phase or synchronized populations. However, serine dehydratase was induced in log phase and synchronized populations to over 200% of controls. In synchronized cells, induction of enzyme activity was found to be primarily restricted to the latter part of S phase (9–11 hours into the cell cycle).
Development of a unique topology for a hard-turning micro-scale machine tool

Abstract A micro-scale machine tool (mMT) topology is developed for turning hardened steel bearing components. The topology utilizes the principle of leverage to increase accuracy and stiffness and incorporates decoupling to reduce unwanted motion of the tool. Performance specifications required that the static stiffness is at least 10 N/μm and dynamic stiffness is at least 30 N/μm in all directions. The kinematics for the topology are developed to enable control over the position and orientation of the tool tip. The effect of the topology on rake angle is determined and the topology is adjusted so as to minimize the rake angle variation during the cut. Cutting tests are performed to determine cutting parameters for achieving a low surface roughness and to estimate the accuracy of the machine. Tests show that the hard-turning mMT can achieve surface roughness below 25 nm Ra, diametrical accuracy of 1 μm and peak-to-valley roundness deviation (RONt) below 0.35 μm.
Future Use of Rural Resources

WHAT DO THE emerging patterns of U. S. production and consumption imply for the use and management of rural resources? To what signals should rural resource allocation decision makers respond? Increased population, the broadening demands of an affluent citizenry, reduced time constraints, extended possibilities for factor substitution, and ever closer ties between urban and rural interests have intensified pressures on rural resources for other than agricultural use. Increasingly, contemporary life styles entail increases in the demand for rural amenities, a desire to modify production processes in order to sustain or "renew" a high-quality natural environment, and a concern that those with low incomes not be denied access to a reason-
Reversal theory constructs and cigarette availability predict lapse early in smoking cessation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of reversal theory constructs (i.e., metamotivational states) to understanding the outcome of tempting situations thatoccur in the first 6 weeks of smoking cessation. Cessation program participants (N = 68) were interviewed about tempting situations in which they either smoked or maintained abstinence. Both independent groups and repeated measures analyses indicated that metamotivational state (serious and goal-directed vs. playful and spontaneous) and cigarette availability significantly predicted outcome. Reversal theory constructs correctly predicted outcome of the tempting episode for 70% of the subjects, while cigarette availability was an accurate predictor for 74%. Metamotivational state and cigarette availability together predicted the outcome for 89% of the subjects. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design Considerations for the Group 15 Elements: The Pnictogen···π Interaction As a Complementary Component in Supramolecular Assembly Design

An exhaustive structural survey was analyzed in combination with new structural reports on pnictogen···π interactions. The Cambridge Structural Database was searched for examples of pnictogen atoms (As, Sb, and Bi) that lie within the sum of their van der Waals radii with an arene ring. The results were analyzed, and it was concluded that the interaction distance is shorter for the heavier pnictogens due to the increasingly diffuse nature of the lone pair of electrons on the atom. A weak correlation between the distance and the angle of the interaction was found, implying that the interaction is partially covalent in nature but is primarily a dispersion interaction. These arene···π interactions can be used as driving forces for supramolecular assembly, and the crystal structures of two new arsenic-containing assemblies are presented. The combined analysis of these structures and the structural survey suggest that our supramolecular design strategy can be fine-tuned to take advantage of the pnictogen···π i...
Metal levels in tissues of Florida gar (Lepisosteus platyrhincus) from Lake Okeechobee.

There is considerable concern about the effects of contaminants on organisms at higher trophic levels, as well as interest in developing bioindicators of ecological health. In this article we examine the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium in the gonads, liver and muscle of Florida gar (Lepisosteus platyrhincus) from Lake Okeechobee in south- central Florida. Gar are top-level predators in freshwater ecosystems. We expected that there would be differences in metal levels as a function of tissue, and predicted differences as a function of sex, size, and location around the lake. There were significant differences among tissues for all metals, but there were few differences as a function of size and gender, which may relate to the generally low levels of metals. Mercury levels were significantly higher in gar collected from the north, and arsenic levels were significantly higher in the gar collected from the south. All metal levels in the muscle of gar collected from Lake Okeechobee were similar to, or lower than those generally reported from other areas of the UnitedStates. Thus, although the levels of mercury fromthe Everglades to the south of Lake Okeechobee are sufficiently high to result in human fish consumption advisories, there are none for Lake Okeechobee. The mercury levels in fish muscle from Lake Okeechobee are lower than from many waters in the U.S. and do not pose a problem for humans. However, liver levels average over the 0.5 µ gg −1 level considered safe for human consumption, and might pose a problem for
Permeability of the rat oral mucosa to organic solutes measured in vivo.

Abstract The permeability of the oral mucosa to organic solutes of different molecular volumes, oil-to-water distribution coefficients, and pKa, was studied in an in-vivo system. The calculated permeability coefficients were independent of time of application and the concentration of the solutes, a finding consistent with transport by simple diffusion. The permeability of organic acids was pH dependent whereas permeability to compounds with a degree of ionization that did not change over the pH range was not affected by pH. Increasing the chain length from two to eight carbons in an organic acid series resulted in an increase of both the oil-to-water distribution coefficient and the permeability coefficient; the permeability coefficient was decreased by the addition of oxygen in the form of hydroxyl groups. These results indicate that there is similarity in the way that lipid-soluble substances diffuse across oral mucosa and other lipid membranes. Results using compounds with oil-to-water distribution coefficients less than that of water suggest that these compounds traverse the oral mucosa by two additional routes. One, for compounds with molar volumes less than 80cm3/ml, is via pores; whereas, the second, utilized by larger compounds, is probably by an intercellular route.
Localization of Brain Lesions by Flicker Perimetry: A Quantitative Method

Summary Two experiments were presented. In Experiment 1, quantitative localization indices, based on flicker perimetry, were developed. They were applied to a group of thirty-eight brain-damaged patients with 66% correct identification. In Experiment 2 the indices and neurological rating technique were refined. In a group of twenty-eight brain-damaged patients there was 82% agreement with neurological criteria on the question of whether the lesion was localizable or not. Of those patients judged to have localizable lesions, there was 85% agreement between the neurologist's localization statement and that made on the basis of flicker indices. These results suggest that quantitative flicker perimetry can contribute information of value to the diagnostic process in cases of brain damage.
Tool path generation for NC grinding

A new method for tool path generation for grinding is proposed. This method for tool path generation is based on a conceptually simple yet fundamental representation of the manufactured surface. Such representations of the manufactured surface, which are derived analytically, were traditionally derived by measurement based methods. The representation of the manufactured surface is also advantageous in developing analytical estimates of surface roughness. These analytical estimates provide a starting point for the measurement or inspection operations which are usually data intensive and often times expensive for free-form surfaces. This paper thus presents an integrated approach to tool path generation which takes into account the manufacturing and measurement activities.
Tonographic effects of pilocarpine and pilocarpineepinephrine in dogs

Topical pilocarpine (1·0, 2·0 and 4·0 per cent) and 2·0 per cent pilocarpine plus 1·0 per cent epinephrine markedly increased conventional aqueous humour outflow, as measured by noninvasive tonography, in both normal beagles and beagles with inherited glaucoma. Pilocarpine in normal eyes increased the coefficient of outflow from 0·33 μl/min/mmHg (pre-drug) to 0·55 μl/min/mmHg (1·0 per cent), 0·57 μl/min/mmHg (2·0 per cent), and 0·61 μl/min/mmHg (4·0 per cent). In beagles with inherited glaucoma, topical pilocarpine increased the coefficient of outflow from 0·15 μl/min/mmHg (pre-drug) to 0·24 μl/min/mmHg (1·0 per cent), 0·21 μl/min/mrnHg (2·0 per cent) and 0·38 μl/min/mmHg (4·0 per cent). The 2·0 per cent pilocarpine plus 1·0 per cent epinephrine solution in normal eyes increased the coefficient of outflow from 0·27 μl/min/mmHg to 0·36 μl/min/mmHg. In the glaucomatous eyes the 2 per cent pilocarpine plus 1 per cent epinephrine combination increased the coefficient outflow from 0·20 μl/min/mmHg to 0·30 μl/min/mmHg.
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the salivary glands: presentation of two cases, literature review, and differential cytodiagnosis of high-grade salivary gland malignancies.

Primary undifferentiated carcinoma of the salivary glands is a rare, high-grade neoplasm which accounts for a very small number (1-5.5%) of malignant salivary gland tumors. The large-cell variant (LCU) is less well-characterized than the small-cell form. We report on the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy findings of 2 cases of LCU, one arising in the parotid gland, and the other in a buccal mucosa accessory salivary gland. The 2 cases were similar in composition: isolated and loosely cohesive large cells with abundant cytoplasm, and variably pleomorphic nuclei with prominent nucleoli. One case also featured multinucleated tumor giant cells and macrophage polykaryons; the latter has not previously been described in FNA biopsies of LCU. There was no evidence of squamous, myoepithelial, or widespread mucinous differentiation by morphological, cytochemical or immunohistochemical analyses (focal rare mucin production was identified on special stains in one case). The differential diagnosis is lengthy and consists of other high-grade primary salivary gland malignancies as well as metastatic lesions, including melanoma. The pattern of immunohistochemical reactivity (positive keratin, negative S-100, and HMB-45 antigens ), and lack of conspicuous mucin production or significant lymphoid infiltrate, were useful in establishing g the correctdiagnosis.
Diamond and β-SiC heteroepitaxial interfaces: A theoretical and experimental study

A comparative study of both theoretical and experimental aspects of the diamond/\ensuremath{\beta}-SiC heteroepitaxial interface was performed. The theoretical modeling was conducted to examine the various combinations of like and unlike interfacial planes between diamond and \ensuremath{\beta}-SiC based on a geometric criterion formulated in reciprocal space for minimization of interfacial misfit and strain energies. The modeling results indicated that the low-index unlike pair between diamond {114} and \ensuremath{\beta}-SiC {221} has the greatest potential for minimizing the interfacial energy and is, therefore, strongly recommended for experimental investigations. The low-index-like pairs between diamond and \ensuremath{\beta}-SiC are next in potential, and diamond (001)/\ensuremath{\beta}-SiC(001) heteroepitaxy has been confirmed via experimental observations. Other configurations yield high interfacial energies and are unlikely to occur. The relatively high strain energy associated with the like-pair heteroepitaxy can be relieved by the introduction of misfit dislocations at the interface. These misfit dislocations have also been experimentally observed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The calculated misfit dislocation densities correlate well with the experimental measurements. The misfit dislocations observed in diamond not only accommodate the misfit strain but also cause both interfacial tilting and azimuthal rotational misorientations.
The Effect of Temperature and Humidity Levels in a Protective Mask on User Acceptability During Exercise

Subjective and physiological responses were obtained from six subjects wearing a ventilated face mask while exercising (3.8 met) for 15 min on a bicycle ergometer. Different combinations of ambient air temperatures (7°, 16°, 25°C) and mask air temperatures (22°, 27°, 33°C) were studied together with two different air humidities inside the mask (61% and 86% RH). Control experiments were performed without the mask at the same ambient temperatures. Skin temperatures, heart rates and skin wettedness were monitored during exercise. The subject's acceptance of the mask and thermal environment, thermal sensation, sensations of discomfort, sweating and skin wettedness, and their judgment of the work of breathing were assessed at the end of the 15 min exercise period. The acceptance of both the ambient thermal environment and of the thermal microclimate in the mask primarily was determined by the ambient air temperature, but it was influenced by the air temperature and humidity inside the mask. At ambient temperat...
Leadership Education: A Constructivist Model for Continuing Higher Education

(2007). Leadership Education: A Constructivist Model for Continuing Higher Education. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education: Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 31-37.
Energy-barrier models for membrane transport.

Abstract Energy-barrier models are analyzed to find hidden assumptions and establish ranges of validity. The analysis proceeds by comparison with integrated results for model continuum membranes. The main conclusions are that a simple energy-bairier model has a wide range of validity, is remarkably accurate even when its conditions of validity are not strictly met, and is almost always superior to the analogous equations of irreversible thermodynamics. Its major limitations are a possible nonphysical divergence at high electric fields or volume flows caused by breakdown of the transition-state approximation, and the inability to treat multicomponent mixtures except in a pseudobinary (Nernst-Planck) approximation.
Effects of Charismatic Content and Delivery on Follower Task Performance: The Moderating Role of Task Charisma Conduciveness

The current study examined the moderating effect of task type on the effectiveness of charismatic leadership. Using a laboratory study, the content (visionary, nonvisionary) and delivery (expressive, unexpressive) of a leadership speech were manipulated, along with the charisma conduciveness of performance tasks. Based on the propositions asserted by Shamir and Howell, the authors suggest that charisma-conducive tasks are low in analyzability (more complex) and require greater levels of initiative and creativity. In addition, the authors expected that the effects of charismatic leadership on task performance should be more pronounced in terms of quality than quantity of performance. As expected, visionary content and expressive delivery resulted in higher attributions of charismatic leadership. In addition, visionary content led to better quality of performance on more charisma-conducive tasks.
A Correlation Method for Collecting Reference Statistics

While studying a sampling technique for collecting reference statistics, a correlation method for calculating reference statistics using weekly door counts also was tested at the University of South Carolina. Reference statistics and door counts taken on the sample weeks of the test year were correlated, and the resulting correlation coefficient between the two variables was used to calculate weekly reference statistics for the nonsampled weeks. The sum of these calculated weekly values and the actual values of the sampled weeks yielded a yearly total of reference transactions that is comparable to the yearly total determined by using the sampling technique. Thus, the correlation method may offer libraries an accurate and less time-consuming procedure for keeping reference statistics.
Moments on a Coning Projectile by a Spinning Liquid in Porous Media

Moments are predicted due to an inviscid liquid payload flowing in a sequence of end to uniform cylinders stacked in columns displaced off the spin axis of a coning projectile during free flight. These moments are then compared to moments generated by flow of the same liquid that saturates porous media contained in a sequence of uniform cylinders along the projectile symmetry axis. A modification to the classical Stewartson theory and is added to describe inertial waves in porous media. This theory is used to analysis the inertial waves produced in the liquid by the projectile coning motion. The resulting side moments are examined in reference to the type of porous media used and the assumed cylinder geometry subjected to applied coning frequencies. Eigen-frequencies and their impact on liquid moments are discussed concerning the stability of the free flight projectile.
Bringing "Honest Capital" to Poor Borrowers: The Passage of the U.S. Uniform Small Loan Law, 1907-1930

The Uniform Small Loan Law (USLL )—the primary tool of the Russell Sage Foundation (RSF ) intended to improve credit conditions for poor people in the United States during first decades of the twentieth century—created a new class of lenders who could legally make small loans at interest rates exceeding those allowed for banks. By the 1930s, about two-thirds of the states had passed the USLL . Econometric models show that urbanization, state-level economic characteristics, and the nature of a state's banking system all affected the chance of passage. That party-political affiliations had no effect is consistent with the USLL 's "progressive" character. The passage of the USLL in one state, however, made passage less likely in neighboring or similar states. The evidence suggests that the RSF only imperfectly understood the political economy of the USLL , and that a different overall approach might have produced a result closer to its real aims.
Comparing geometries for a PET system with 3-D photon positioning capability

We compared two PET system geometries, a box and a cylinder, for a novel PET 3-D detector design with axial, transaxial, and depth of interaction resolution of 1 mm, 1 mm, and 3 mm, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations have shown that arranging this detector into an 8/spl times/8/spl times/8 cm/sup 3/ FOV box has twice the sensitivity of a conventional cylinder of comparable dimensions (8 cm diameter, 8 cm axial length) due to a reduction in inter-module gaps. We compared image reconstruction performance for the box and the cylinder by computing the mean square error (MSE) for a weighted least squares estimator and contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) for rod phantoms with rods located at the radial center and radial offset of 2 cm. The contrast was comparable (near 100% CRC) for both box and cylinder. However, the cylinder showed slightly better contrast uniformity (CRC varied 2% for cylinder, 8% for box) as the radial position of the lesion was varied. The box had a MSE that was 7-14 times better than the cylinder system. We performed an ROC study by computing the detection SNR for computer observer models. A non-prewhitening and a prewhitening test statistic were computed to provide an upper and lower bound for the performance of human observers. The prewhitening filter detection SNR for the cylinder design was superior (by 20%) in detection SNR. Finally, we reconstructed a resolution phantom with 3-D data for both systems and showed that both systems were qualitatively comparable.
Discussion of “Could Power Properties of Three-Phase Systems be Described in Terms of Poynting Vector?”

The present author replies to the comment by Emanuel et al. (IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol.22, no.2, p.1267-9, April 2007) on the original paper by Czarnecki (IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol.21, no.1, p.339-44, January 2006)
Dual optical and electrochemical saccharide detection based on a dipyrido[3,2-a:2′3′-c]phenazine (DPPZ) ligand

Abstract We report a new molecular sensor based on dipyrido[3,2-a:2′3′-c]phenazine (DPPZ) functionalized with boronic acid groups. The sensor binds to saccharides and upon binding results in changes in fluorescence intensity as well as cathodic shifts in the sensor’s formal potential. The ability of the new DPPZ-based sensor to provide both electrochemical and optical signal outputs demonstrates the viability of this family of molecules to be developed as dual-signal detectors. Measurements to determine the stability constants with four saccharides are shown.
Threat in the Nuclear Age: Children's Responses to the Nuclear Arms Debate

Concern about the psychosocial effects of the currently increasing nuclear arms race has been raised in a 1982 American Psychiatric Association Task Force report. Seventy-five intermediate schoolchildren aged 11 to 12 years responded to a questionnaire in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, focusing on various aspects of the nuclear arms debate. Children were aware of nuclear issues by the age of 12 and expressed a variety of perspectives on the realities of nuclear threat and implications for the future. Most disturbing was a pervading sense of fatalism.
Interactions between marine bacteria and dissolved-phase and beached hydrocarbons after the Exxon Valdez oil spill

Turnover times for toluene in Resurrection Bay after the Exxon Valdez grounding were determined to be decades, longer than expected considering that dissolved hydrocarbons were anticipated to drift with the current and stimulate development of additional hydrocarbon-utilizing capacity among the microflora in that downcurrent location. These turnover times were based on the recovery of 14CO2 from added [14C]toluene that was oxidized. The concentrations of toluene there, 0.1 to 0.2 microgram/liter, were similar to prespill values. Oxidation rates appeared to be enhanced upstream near islands in the wake of the wind-blown slick, and even more within the slick itself. Specific affinities of the water column bacteria for toluene were computed with the help of biomass data, as measured by high-resolution flow cytometry. They were a very low 0.3 to 3 liters/g of cells.h-1, indicating limited capacity to utilize this hydrocarbon. Since current-driven mixing rates exceeded those of oxidation, dissolved spill components such as toluene should enter the world-ocean pool of hydrocarbons rather than biooxidize in place. Some of the floating oil slick washed ashore and permeated a coarse gravel beach. A bacterial biomass of 2 to 14 mg/kg appeared in apparent response to the new carbon and energy source. This biomass was computed from that of the organisms and associated naphthalene oxidation activity washed from the gravel compared with the original suspension. These sediment organisms were very small at approximately 0.06 microns 3 in volume, low in DNA at approximately 5.5 g per cell, and unlike the aquatic bacteria obtained by enrichment culture but quite similar to the oligobacteria in the water column.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rapid Resolution of Acute Fulminant Myocarditis after IVIG and Steroid Treatment

We report a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with worsening dyspnea which rapidly progressed to severe heart failure. Coronary arteries showed no obstruction. Supportive measures stabilized the patient's hemodynamics. Initially intravenous solumedrol was given, but when the patient's condition continued to deteriorate, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was added to the treatment regimen and her condition improved. Studies show no benefit to using immunosuppressive agents in viral myocarditis, but benefits have been demonstrated in other etiologies. Patients presenting with acute fulminant myocarditis with unknown etiology that continue to deteriorate with aggressive heart failure treatment may benefit from steroids and IVIG.
Learning online via prompts to explain

Prompting learners to explain their beliefs can help them correct misconceptions upon encountering anomalies -- facts and observations that conflict with learners' current understanding. We have developed a way to augment online interfaces for learning by adding prompts for users to explain a fact or observation. We conducted two experiments testing the effects of these explanation prompts, finding that they increase learners' self-correction of misconceptions, though these benefits of explaining depend on: (1) How many anomalies the prompts require people to explain, and (2) Whether anomalies are distributed so that individual observations guide learners to correct ideas by conflicting with multiple misconceptions at once.