cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Blurring of the Color Line: Wages and Employment for Black Males of Different Skin Tones

Abstract We evaluate the role skin color plays in earnings and employment for black males in the NLSY97. By applying a novel, scaled measure of skin tone to a nationally representative sample and by estimating the evolution of labor market differentials over time, we bridge a burgeoning literature on skin color with more established literatures on wage differentials and labor market discrimination. We find that while intraracial wage gaps widen with experience, gaps between the lightest-skinned black workers and whites remain constant, suggesting that a blurring of the color line elicits subtle yet meaningful variation in earnings differentials over time.
Bile acid-induced inflammatory signaling in mice lacking Foxa2 in the liver leads to activation of mTOR and age-onset obesity

Cytokine signaling has been connected to regulation of metabolism and energy balance. Numerous cytokine gene expression changes are stimulated by accumulation of bile acids in livers of young Foxa2 liver-conditional null mice. We hypothesized that bile acid-induced inflammation in young Foxa2 mutants, once chronic, affects metabolic homeostasis. We found that loss of Foxa2 in the liver results in a premature aging phenotype, including significant weight gain, reduced food intake, and decreased energy expenditure. We show that Foxa2 antagonizes the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, resulting in increased hepatic lipogenesis and adiposity. While much prior work has focused on adipose tissue in obesity, we discovered a novel age-onset obesity phenotype in a model where gene deletion occurs only in the liver, underscoring the importance of the role hepatic lipogenesis plays in the development of obesity.
Mesohabitat-specific macroinvertebrate assemblage responses to water quality variation in mid-continent (North America) great rivers

Abstract We compared the responsiveness of macroinvertebrate assemblages to variation in water quality (ions, nutrients, dissolved metals, and suspended sediment) in two mesohabitats within the main channel of three North American great rivers, the Upper Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio. Based on about 400 paired samples, we examined the responsiveness of benthic assemblages sampled in the littoral zone and assemblages sampled from the surface of woody snags in the main channel. The assemblages in the two mesohabitats were different in all rivers. Taxa richness was much higher in the benthos than on snags. Macroinvertebrate assemblage response to water quality variation was weak on the Mississippi River, but the reasons for this are unknown. Based on analysis of the similarity between the composition of assemblages from groups of sites with high and low concentrations of water quality variables, benthic assemblages were only slightly more sensitive to water chemistry variation than were snag assemblages. Results of two-sample comparisons between groups of sites with high and low concentrations of water quality variables were consistent with rank correlations of assemblage metrics with water quality. In general, there was little difference between habitats in response to variation in water quality on any river. Our simple method of snag sampling in great rivers is usually much easier than littoral benthic sampling because it does not require wading. Snag sampling in large rivers has some limitations (e.g., natural snags are sometimes absent, samples are semi-quantitative), but lack of sensitivity to water quality gradients compared to the benthos is not among them.
Pathways to Adult Sexual Revictimization: Direct and Indirect Behavioral Risk Factors Across the Lifespan

The purpose of this study is to investigate direct and indirect social and behavioral risk factors for adult sexual revictimization. Participants include 147 adult, predominantly African American (88%) women, 59% of whom had a documented history of child sexual abuse. Participants are interviewed in adulthood about adolescent and adult sexual victimization as well as other background and lifestyle characteristics. Structural equation modeling indicates that the relationship between child and adolescent sexual victimization is indirect, mediated by adolescent risk-taking behavior. The relationship between adolescent and adult sexual victimization is also indirect, mediated by risky sexual behavior. The residual effects of early childhood family environment and childhood physical abuse also indirectly predict sexual revictimization. Results provide empirical support for the general supposition that the relationship between child and adult sexual victimization is complex and that many intermediary factors differentially affect risk for a heightened vulnerability to sexual revictimization.
Differentiation of Lacustrine and Fluvial Sandstone by Analysis of Paleocurrent Patterns: ABSTRACT

Oil-impregnated intervals, up to 75 ft thick within a stratigraphic interval of about 250 ft in the Garden Gulch and Parachute Creek Members of the Green River Formation (Eocene), are exposed in beds that dip gently northward in the P. R. Spring area of the southeast Uinta basin, Utah. Reserve estimates indicate that there may be about 3.7 billion bbl of oil in place. It is necessary to distinguish lacustrine from fluvial sandstone in these intertonguing beds because most of the oil is in lacustrine sandstone. Paleocurrent study indicates that paleocurrent patterns can be used for these distinctions. A total of 308 paleocurrent measurements was made at 13 localities in the P. R. Spring area; 123 from sandstone beds of fluvial origin and 185 from lacustrine sandstone bodies. Of 9 fluvial paleocurrent patterns, 7 indicate that streams flowed northward into Lake Uinta in the P. R. Spring area. The considerable scatter in the paleocurrent measurements suggests that the streams had low gradients and were meandering. Many of the fluvial sandstone bodies are oriented approximately north-south and contain northward-inclined foreset laminae. Of 10 lacustrine paleocurrent patterns, 9 have significant intervals in the south half of the compass. These directions are interpreted to be dominantly the result of onshore lake currents. The shorelines of Lake Uinta probably trended northeast through much of the P. R. Spring area, but on the northeast, shorelines were oriented northwest-southeast. The paleocurrent patterns of fluvial and lacustrine sandstone are both unimodal. The environments can be differentiated, however, on the basis of paleocurrent orientations; the fluvial currents flowed northward; the lacustrine currents were southerly. End_of_Article - Last_Page 540------------
New complexes of triphenylphosphine oxide with metal perchlorates

Abstract New metal perchlorate complexes of triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) were synthesized and characterized by means of spectral, magnetic, conductance and X-ray powder diffraction studies. Of particular interest is a pentacoordinated Cr(III) complex, which involves a trinuclear cation. Each Cr(III) ion is in a low symmetry trigonal bipyramidal ligand field, consisting of terminal and bridging TPPO molecules and one coordinated monodentate perchlorato group. The possibility of a polynuclear complex cation is also discussed for the Mg(II) complex on the basis of far i.r. evidence. This complex was formulated as [Mg(TPPO)4]n(ClO4)2n(n = 1,2, …). The rest of the complexes reported were formulated as follows: [M(TPPO)4(OClO3)2](ClO4) (M = Cr, Ce, In); [Fe(TPPO)4] (ClO4)2; [UO2(TPPO)4](ClO4)2; [Ca(TPPO)4(O2ClO2)]; [Th(TPPO)4(O2ClO2)](ClO4)3. In the case of the Th(IV) complex, its formulation as [Th(TPPO)4(O2ClO2)2](ClO4)2 can not be ruled out.
The importance of pores in the electron stimulated production of D2 and O2 in low temperature ice

Abstract The effects of porosity and morphology of amorphous and crystalline D 2 O ices on the electron stimulated generation and trapping of D 2 and O 2 have been studied by post-irradiation thermal desorption. The trapped product yields increase from crystalline ice to amorphous ice to highly porous amorphous ice, similar to observed ESD yields. This is attributed to the increased number of defects, traps and pores in amorphous ice. Molecular deuterium is released in the temperature range from 55 to 105 K for each of the samples, with two notable bursts at 115 and 132 K for porous amorphous ice. Low temperature release is associated with diffusion of D 2 through micropores in the ice matrix. Highly porous amorphous ice shows a striking spike in the release of D 2 at 80 K which has not previously been observed and must be a result of trapping of D 2 within enclosed macropores. The trapped D 2 in macropores may result from transport of excitation energy to the pore interface or from transport of D 2 through micropores at lower temperatures during TPD, or both. Molecular oxygen is retained within ice until much higher temperatures (>140 K). The release at this temperature is attributed to sintering and diffusion along grain boundaries in crystalline ice. The majority of trapped O 2 evolves with the desorption of the ice matrix, suggesting that clathrate hydrates may be important trapping sites. Amorphous ice releases a surge of trapped O 2 at the 160 K amorphous to crystalline phase transition, which is consistent with codeposition experiments. Highly porous ice exhibits much higher total yields of oxygen and shows a second strong spike in trapped O 2 release at 175 K.
Upregulation of Leptin Receptor Gene Expression in the Anterior Pituitary of Human Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Transgenic Mice

The recently cloned leptin receptor (OB-R) is expressed in many tissues, including the anterior pituitary. It is not known whether OB-R gene expression is regulated by pituitary hormones. In the present study, we detected the long isoform of OB-R (OB-RL) in the anterior pituitary of normal mice using RT-PCR, but were unable to detect the short isoform (OB-RS). In human growth hormone-releasing hormone (hGHRH) transgenic mice, we discovered a significant increase in OB-RL mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary as compared to controls, and OB-RS gene expression was detectable. In contrast to the pituitary, there were no significant changes in OB-R gene expression for either isoform in the hypothalamus of hGHRH mice. The dramatic increase in the gene expression of OB-RL in the anterior pituitary of hGHRH transgenic mice was confirmed by RNase protection assay. This is the first study to demonstrate that OB-R gene expression in the anterior pituitary gland is increased by GH and/or GHRH.
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Axons Increases with Local Nerve Growth Factor or Semaphorin Signaling

Neurons concentrate mitochondria at sites in the cell that have a high demand for ATP and/or calcium buffering. To accomplish this, mitochondrial transport and docking are thought to respond to intracellular signaling pathways. However, the cell might also concentrate mitochondrial function by locally modulating mitochondrial activity. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the membrane potential of individual mitochondria throughout the axons of chick sensory neurons using the dye tetramethylrhodamine methylester (TMRM). We found no difference in the TMRM mitochondrial-to-cytoplasmic fluorescence ratio ( F m/ F c) among three functionally distinct regions: axonal branch points, distal axons, and the remaining axon shaft. In addition, we found no difference in F m/ F c among stationary, retrogradely moving, or anterogradely moving mitochondria. However, F m/ F c was significantly higher in the lamellipodia of growth cones, and among a small fraction of mitochondria throughout the axon. To identify possible signals controlling membrane potential, we used beads covalently coupled to survival and guidance cues to provide a local stimulus along the axon shaft. NGF- or semaphorin 3A-coupled beads caused a significant increase in F m/ F c in the immediately adjacent region of axon, and this was diminished in the presence of the PI3 (phosphatidylinositol-3) kinase inhibitor LY294002 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4 H -1-benzopyran-4-one] or the MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase inhibitor U0126 (1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-amino-phenylthio]butadiene), demonstrating that signaling pathways downstream of both ligands affect the ΔΨm of mitochondria. In addition, general inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase activity produced a profound global decrease in F m/ F c. Thus, two guidance molecules that exert different effects on growth cone motility both elicit local, receptor-mediated increases in membrane potential.
Assembly of Large-Pore Silica Mesophases with Wormhole Framework Structures from α,ω-Diamine Porogens

Large-pore mesoporous silicas with wormhole framework structures have been assembled through hydrogen-bonding pathways from sodium silicate or tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the silica source and amine-terminated Jeffamine surfactants of the type H2NCH(CH3)CH2[OCH2CH(CH3)]xNH2 as the structure-directing porogen. Depending on the molecular weight of the α,ω-diamine surfactant (x ∼ 33 and 68 for Jeffamine D2000 and D4000, respectively) and the synthesis temperature (25−65 °C), the mean pore size distributions of the mesostructured silicas (denoted MSU-J) were centered between 4.9 and 14.3 nm, making these materials comparable to hexagonal SBA-15 mesostructures in average framework pore size. In addition to the BET surface areas of MSU-J silicas (408−1127 m2/g) being comparable to those of SBA-15 (630−1040 m2/g), MSU-J silicas exhibit larger pore volumes (1.37−2.29 cm3/g) than SBA-15 silicas (0.56−1.23 cm3/g) prepared in the absence of mesitylene. MSU-J wormhole mesostructures represent the largest pore ...
The Nature of Cantharidin Acantholysis1

With the Technical Assistance of Doris Kruse We feel that we have been able to clarify to some extent the nature of cantharidin acantholysis. This work follows as a natural sequence previous work on blister formation and acantholysis by one of the authors (1, 2, 3) as well as the observations of Epstein and Kligman (4) that cantharidin acantholysis will take place in expiants of human skin incubated in serum at 37° C.
Finite automata modelling and analysis of Workflow Management Systems

We introduce a finite automata based framework for modelling and analysis of Workflow Management Systems (WFMS). Using the workflow behaviour set and its control specifications we develop a workflow control structure. The control structure is used to verify workflow properties such as consistency, redundancy, control switching, scalability and control reconfiguration. Most of these properties cannot be verified by other workflow analysis methods. An order processing example is used for illustrative purposes.
Dimensional endophenotypes in Bipolar Disorder: Affective Dysregulation and Psychosis Proneness

Background The clinical phenotype of bipolar disorder (BPD) is heterogeneous and the genetic architecture of the disorder is complex and not well understood. Given these complications, it is possible that the identification of intermediate phenotypes (“endophenotypes”) will be useful in elucidating the complex genetic mechanisms that result in the disorder. The examination of unaffected relatives is critical in determining whether a particular trait is genetically-relevant to BPD. However, few dimensional traits related to BPD have been assessed in unaffected relatives of patients.
TWISTS OF FATE: CAN WE MAKE TRAVERSABLE WORMHOLES IN SPACETIME?

The scientific reasons for trying to make traversable wormholes are briefly reviewed. Methods for making wormholes employing a Machian transient mass fluctuation are examined. Several problems one might encounter are mentioned. They, however, may just be engineering difficulties. The use of “quantum inequalities” to constrain the existence of negative mass-energy required in wormhole formation is briefly examined. It is argued that quantum inequalities do not prohibit the formation of artificial concentrations of negative mass-energy.
Melvin Pollner: A View from the Suburbs

This paper considers the relationship between Melvin Pollner’s sociology of mundane reasoning and conversation analysis. We suggest, first, that Pollner’s revolutionary view of the role of accounts in everyday life provides a basic framework for understanding how norms of conversational organization are sustained across time periods ranging from the evanescent moment to the longue duree of historical time. Second, we argue his work on conflict and reality disjunctures is important for the light it sheds on conversational processes concerned with the avoidance and/or management of disagreement. Although Pollner was not personally engaged with conversation analysis, his theorizing is nonetheless of great significance in understanding some of its basic preoccupations.
The triple intersection property, three dimensional extremal length, and tiling of a topological cube

Let T be a triangulation of a closed topological cube Q, and let V be the set of vertices of T. Further assume that the triangulation satisfies a technical condition which we call the triple intersection property (see Definition 3.6). Then there is an essentially unique tiling C={Cv:v∈V} of a rectangular parallelepiped R by cubes, such that for every edge (u,v) of T the corresponding cubes Cv, Cu have nonempty intersection, and such that the vertices corresponding to the cubes at the corners of R are at the corners of Q. Moreover, the sizes of the cubes are obtained as a solution of a variational problem which is a discrete version of the notion of extremal length in R3.
RANDOM PROTECTION OF SINGLE CUT RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE SITES IN SV40 MINI-CHROMOSOMES ASSEMBLED IN VITRO

1. Introduction The question of phasing of nucleosomes in chro- matin is particularly germane to mechanisms whereby regulatory proteins might interact with genomic DNA sequences. In cellular chromatin, the bulk of the evi- dence thus far available suggests random placement of histone octamers with respect to DNA sequence [ l-51.
A dual-emissive-materials design concept enables tumour hypoxia imaging

Luminescent materials are widely used for imaging and sensing owing to their high sensitivity, rapid response and facile detection by many optical technologies. Typically materials must be chemically tailored to achieve intense, photostable fluorescence, oxygen-sensitive phosphorescence or dual emission for ratiometric sensing, often by blending two dyes in a matrix. Dual-emissive materials combining all of these features in one easily tunable molecular platform are desirable, but when fluorescence and phosphorescence originate from the same dye, it can be challenging to vary relative fluorescence/phosphorescence intensities for practical sensing applications. Heavy-atom substitution alone increases phosphorescence by a given, not variable amount. Here, we report a strategy for modulating fluorescence/phosphorescence for a single-component, dual-emissive, iodide-substituted difluoroboron dibenzoylmethane-poly(lactic acid) (BF(2)dbm(I)PLA) solid-state sensor material. This is accomplished through systematic variation of the PLA chain length in controlled solvent-free lactide polymerization combined with heavy-atom substitution. We demonstrate the versatility of this approach by showing that films made from low-molecular-weight BF(2)dbm(I)PLA with weak fluorescence and strong phosphorescence are promising as 'turn on' sensors for aerodynamics applications, and that nanoparticles fabricated from a higher-molecular-weight polymer with balanced fluorescence and phosphorescence intensities serve as ratiometric tumour hypoxia imaging agents.
Viscous Droplet Interaction With Micro-Textured Solid Surfaces

The dynamics of viscous droplets near solid surfaces, especially micro-textured surfaces, and the interaction between them are of great importance in industrial applications, biochemical processes, and fundamental materials research on surface wettability. In this work, a three-dimensional spectral boundary element method has been employed to investigate the dynamics of a viscous droplet falling under gravity influence to micro-textured solid surfaces. The droplet size, in this study, is comparable to the size of the surface texture. The influences of the Bond number, relative size of the droplet with respect to the surface features, and the topological characteristics of the substrate on the droplet motion and deformation are investigated. The stress exerted on the substrate due to droplet motion is also explored.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Effect of the three-nucleon force on the three-nucleon ground state: Reducible and irreducible contributions.

The Tucson-Melbourne two-pion exchange three-nucleon force is split into a reducible part mediated by {Delta} excitation and an irreducible part not mediated by {Delta} excitation. The triton binding energy is calculated. The irreducible part of the Tucson-Melbourne force is taken into account in the calculation. Its reducible part is discarded, but regenerated by the explicit treatment of the {Delta} isobar in a coupled-channel approach. The remaining irreducible part of the Tucson-Melbourne force makes a nonnegligible contribution to the triton binding energy. The strong dependence of the triton binding energy on the cutoff parameter for the {pi}{ital NN} vertex in the Tucson-Melbourne force is considerably reduced.
Updates of cost of illness and quality of life estimates for use in economic evaluations of HIV prevention programs.

To allocate limited economic and other resources for HIV prevention and treatment for maximum benefit, health policy planners and decision makers require accurate, current estimates of the lifetime costs of HIV-related illness and the impact of therapy on the quality of life of HIV-infected persons. These data are central input parameters to the economic evaluation methodology known as cost-utility analysis. The estimates available in the literature are already outdated, and this paper presents updated estimates of the projected lifetime health care costs associated with HIV disease in the United States and the number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost to HIV in light of recent advancements in HIV diagnostics and therapeutics. Results indicate that the lifetime cost of HIV medical care has grown from about $55,000 U.S. to more than $155,000 U.S., while the number of QALYs lost per case of HIV infection has decreased from 9.26 to 7.10, when discounted at a 5% annual rate. When these figures are discounted instead at the newly recommended 3% rate, lifetime costs rise to more than $195,000 U.S. and lost QALYs increase to 11.23. The net effect of these increases in the medical costs of care and treatment saved by averting an HIV infection and in QALYs makes HIV prevention a relatively more cost-effective strategy than other, non-HIV health-related programs.
Leadership and emotion management for complex tasks: Different emotions, different strategies

Emotions in the workplace influence a number of critical cognitive tasks including information processing and decision-making. Moreover, the effect of emotion on these operations is often emotion-specific. Given these unique effects, leaders may need to learn how to manage subordinates' discrete emotions, and not just general affect. This laboratory experiment examined the effects of leaders suggesting different regulation strategies after subordinates experienced anger or pessimism. Effects of these emotions under different leader-facilitated regulation strategies were evaluated with respect to planning, a critical organizational task, and perceptions of leader effectiveness. Results demonstrated that the type of leader-facilitated regulation strategy moderates the relationships of anger and pessimism to planning. The findings imply that leaders should understand the differential effects of discrete emotions, and be prepared to help subordinates manage emotions accordingly.
Thinking outside the box about COX-1 in Alzheimer's disease.

This article from Coma et al. shows that a salicylic acid derivative Triflusal, a platelet aggregation inhibitor and irreversible inhibitor of COX-1, can correct defects in axonal curvature and cognition in an AD transgenic mouse model (Tg2576) (Coma et al., 2010). Here we discuss the controversy over the role of COX-1 in AD, which has not been considered carefully in part due to the presumed adverse gastrointestinal effects of COX-1 antagonism. However, recent clinical data from this group as well as other groups challenges this assumption that COX-1 antagonism will be associated with side effects. Most importantly this article raises critical questions about the role of COX-1, versus COX-2 versus both in Aβ pathogenesis. The animal model data in this article as well as the recently published trial data suggest that COX-1 may play an important role in early pathogenesis and should not be ignored as a potential target for early intervention.
In-situ and on-site biodegradation of industrial landfill leachate

An on-site or in-situ field pilot-scale experiment demonstrates promising results for the treatment of aqueous hazardous wastes.
Geological interpretations based on deep-two single channel and multichannel seismic data from the Bermuda Rise

Abstract Multichannel seismic data taken with a deep-tow system approximately 170 n mile south-southwest of Bermuda reveal the upper 300 m of sediment in detail unachievable by conventional single-channel and multichannel seismic reflection methods. These data show the upper sediments to be largely undisturbed although faulting and basement uplift are evident. The acoustic reflectivity of the sediments and nature of the reflectors are consistent with DSDP data from the region. Horizons Av, At, and Ac of the Horizon A-complex are observed, in addition to numerous reflecting horizons associated with porcellanitic chert, limestone, and cemented claystone layers of Ac. Seismic velocity inversions observed generally beneath Ac are thought to result from sediment loading and buildup of excess pore pressures in the sediments below Horizon Av. Upward migration of these fluids may account for localized zones of little or no subbottom acoustic reflectivity. Seafloor structural details resolved include erosional channels or slump scars, mud waves, and possible furrows.
An abbreviated overcorrection program to reduce self-stimulatory behaviors

Abstract An economical, abbreviated overcorrection procedure was implemented to reduce several self stimulatory and self abusive behaviors of a severely retarded child. These were monitored, along with a non-targeted behavior, tantrum screams, during treatment sessions, and during non-treatment sessions with the experimenter present or absent. A withdrawal design demonstrated that substantial reductions in essentially all the behaviors were achieved during treatment sessions, with visible though less dramatic reductions occuring at other times. Although long-term follow-up observations showed a recovery of baseline performance, the behaviors again were rapidly brought under control when a modified form of the procedure was re-instituted.
Contemplative Science: An Insider Prospectus

This chapter describes the potential far-reaching consequences of contemplative higher education for the fields of science and medicine.
Tyrosine Nitration of c-SRC Tyrosine Kinase in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

During pancreatic tumorigenesis, the equilibrium between cell survival and cell death is altered, allowing aggressive neoplasia and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Local oxidative stress is one mechanism regulating programmed cell death and growth and may contribute to both tumor progression and suppression. Our recent in situ immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that levels of total nitrotyrosine, a footprint of the reactive nitrogen species peroxynitrite, are elevated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. In this study, quantitative HPLC-EC techniques demonstrated a 21- to 97-fold increase in the overall levels of nitrotyrosine of human pancreatic tumor extracts compared to normal pancreatic extracts. Western blot analysis of human pancreatic tumor extracts showed that tyrosine nitration was restricted to a few specific proteins. Immunoprecipitation coupled with Western analysis identified c-Src tyrosine kinase as a target of both tyrosine nitration and tyrosine phosphorylation. Peroxynitrite treatment of human pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro resulted in increased tyrosine nitration and tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Src kinase, increased (>2-fold) c-Src kinase activity, and increased association between c-Src kinase and its downstream substrate cortactin. Collectively, these observations suggest that peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration and tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Src kinase may lead to enhanced tyrosine kinase signaling observed during pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis.
Nanosecond Molecular Dynamics of Hybrid Triplex and Duplex of Polycation Deoxyribonucleic Guanidine Strands with a Complimentary DNA Strand

Replacement of the phosphodiester linkages of the polyanion DNA with guanidinium linkers provides the polycation deoxyribonucleic guanidine (DNG). Molecular dynamics studies to 1120 ps of the hybrid triplex and 1420 ps of the hybrid duplex formed from octameric DNG strands d(Tg)8 with a complementary DNA oligomer strand d(Ap)8 have been carried out with water explicitly as solvent and Na+Cl- as counterions under periodic boundary conditions using the CHARMM force field and Ewald summation method. The Watson−Crick and Hoogstein hydrogen-bonding patterns of the A/T tracts remained intact without any structural restraints for both hybrid duplex and triplex structures throughout the simulation. And for the hybrid duplex and triplex structures, both 5‘ and 3‘ ends were only partially frayed. In agreement with our previous thermodynamic study the hybrid triplex is more favorable than the hybrid duplex in the simulations. This conclusion is reached by the comparison of the extent of 5‘ end fraying and the bifurc...
The Adsorption of Oxygen by Mercerized Cotton

An investigation has been made of the take-up of oxygen by mercerized cotton at liquid air temperatures and in the range from 0° C. to 110° C. A rapid van der Waal's adsorption of the usual type was observed at liquid air temperatures. From 0° C. to 80°C. an adsorption proceeding at a slow rate was found, while at still higher temperatures, oxidation was observed to set in. The effect of the ash content of the material on the adsorption and on the oxidation was also studied.
Dispersion modeling of leaks of low global warming potential refrigerant HFO-1234yf in an automobile garage †‡

HFO-1234yf (Hydrofluoro-Olefin) is a new, low global warming refrigerant developed for automotive air-conditioning (A/C) systems [Nielsen et al., Chem Phys Lett 439 (2007), 18–22]. It was developed to replace R-134a, which is being phased out in the European Union because of its high global warming potential (IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report—Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, 2007). HFO-1234yf is highly energy efficient, exhibits low toxicity, and can be potentially used in direct expansion automotive A/C systems with minimal design modifications. Significant work has been previously completed to confirm the mild flammability characteristics of HFO-1234yf. To understand the impact of accidental releases of HFO-1234yf into a garage environment, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was used to simulate releases of HFO-1234yf under various A/C line rupture scenarios. In particular, releases were simulated using a leak source in a calm open area, a room with no forced ventilation and the same space but impinging on a flat plate. The refrigerant concentration was determined as function of distance (x, y, and z directions) from the leak point during leak event. The size and shape of the portion of the refrigerant plume above the lower flammability limit was also determined. This work enforces the benefit of using the inherently safer practice of minimization of refrigerant quantities. This article will review CFD modeling results for given refrigerant leak scenarios. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
An Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains with Cerebral Palsy: Associated Skeletal Age Delay and Dental Pathologies*

In 2002 the authors were asked to examine the skeletal remains of an individual with a known history of severe cerebral palsy (CP) who was 21-23 years old at death. Skeletal age estimates of 11-15 years and dental age estimates of c. 16 years are younger than the known age of the decedent. Skeletal analysis also identified dental pathologies such as chronic tooth grinding and substantial calculus deposits. Scarce literature exists on forensic human remains cases with CP, and this study contrasts the age discrepancy and other features of this case with typical clinical characteristics of CP. A review of the CP literature suggests that delayed skeletal maturation and dental pathologies such as those observed in this case are indicative of complications related to CP. This article may alert future investigators to some of the osteological signs of CP and the probability that age indicators may be misleading.
Cardiovascular adaptations to transfusion/chelation therapy of homozygote sickle cell anemia

Abstract The effect of transfusion/chelation therapy on the cardiovascular adaptations to chronic anemia in pediatric and young adult patients with homozygous sickle cell disease is uncertain. This study compares left ventricular (LV) function indexes and thoracoabdominal aortic systolic and diastolic blood flow in nontransfused and transfused patients with homozygous sickle cell disease. The study population consisted of 29 nontransfused patients with homozygous sickle cell disease, ages 0.4 to 20.9 years (group 1) and 11 chronically transfused/chelated patients, ages 4.0 to 21.8 years (group 2). The mean total hemoglobin concentration in group 2 was 28% greater than that in group 1. The mean duration of transfusion/chelation therapy in group 2 was 3.7 years. The percent of predicted LV end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions were significantly greater than the respective controls in both groups. There was no significant difference in percent of predicted LV end-diastolic dimension (group 1, 120 ± 12%; group 2, 120 ± 12%) or percent of predicted LV end-systolic dimension (group 1, 120 ± 12%; group 2, 117 ± 8) between the groups. The percent of LV shortening fraction was similar in study groups and control subjects. Aortic systolic blood flow (cc/min/m2) for group 1 (2,426 ± 841) and 2 (2,374 ± 1,004) were significantly greater than corresponding control values (1,683 ± 442, 1,736 ± 430, respectively). Aortic diastolic blood flow was significantly greater than corresponding control values for both group 1 (699 ± 313 vs 488 ± 212) and group 2 (1,080 ± 607 vs 588 ± 219). These findings suggest that transfusion/chelation of homozygote sickle cell anemia for central nervous system ischemia does not alter pretransfusion cardiovascular adaptations to chronic anemia.
Articulatory Effects of Monaural and Binaural Masking in Normal Speaking Adults Wearing Palatal Appliances

Ten normal speaking adults (five male, five female) performed three speaking tasks during conditions of monaural and binaural masking with and without complete palatal appliances. Significant effec...
Predicted Outcome Value of Organizational Commitment

This study represents an application of predicted outcome value (POV) theory in the organizational context. The goal was to examine the extent to which newcomer POV judgments served as predictors of organizational commitment and if the three forms of newcomer socialization would lead to POV judgments that, in turn, would lead to forecasted organizational commitment. Participants included 204 adults working full time, who had been at their current job for one month or less. The findings suggest that POV is applicable to the organizational setting and an influential outcome of newcomer socialization.
Intermediate filament reorganization during mitosis is mediated by p34cdc2 phosphorylation of vimentin

As cells enter mitosis, the intermediate filament (IF) networks of interphase BHK-21 cells are depolymerized to form cytoplasmic aggregates of disassembled IFs, and the constituent IF proteins, vimentin and desmin are hyperphosphorylated at several specific sites. We have characterized one of two endogenous vimentin kinases from a particulate fraction of mitotic cell lysates. Through several purification steps, vimentin kinase activity copurifies with histone H1 kinase and both activities bind to p13suc1-Sepharose. The final enriched kinase preparation consists primarily of p34cdc2 and polypeptides of 65 and 110 kd. The purified kinase complex phosphorylates vimentin in vitro at a subset of sites phosphorylated in vivo during mitosis. Furthermore, phosphorylation of in vitro polymerized vimentin IFs by the purified kinase causes their disassembly. Therefore, vimentin is a substrate of p34cdc2 and phosphorylation of vimentin contributes to M phase reorganization of the IF network.
Lateral Epitaxy Formation Mechanism And Microstructure Of Selectively Grown Gan Structures

The microstructure and the lateral epitaxy mechanism of formation of homoepitaxially and selectively grown GaN structures within windows in SiO2 masks have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three types of samples and each of their microstructures as a function of the geometry of the mask pattern and the selective growth parameters have been studied: GaN pyramids, GaN stripes oriented along % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngB % PrgifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0x % c9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8fr % Fve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaadaWada % qaaiaaigdadaqdaaqaaiaaigdaaaGaaGimaiaaicdaaiaawUfacaGL % Dbaaaaa!3C98! $$\left[ {1\overline 1 00} \right]$$ and % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngB % PrgifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0x % c9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8fr % Fve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaadaWada % qaaiaaigdacaaIXaWaa0aaaeaacaaIYaaaaiaaicdaaiaawUfacaGL % Dbaaaaa!3C9A! $$\left[ {11\overline 2 0} \right]$$ directions, and GaN continuous layers. Observations via TEM showed in all three types of samples that the laterally overgrown GaN exhibit four-to-six orders of magnitude reduction in the dislocation density compared to the vertically grown GaN films. Owing to the lateral epitaxy, the threading dislocations bend when the growth front changes from vertical to lateral, thus changing their character from being mostly threading dislocations of mixed or edge character, to being basal plane dislocations with lines parallel to the interfacial planes. The underlying GaN provided the crystallographic template for the initial vertical selective growth through the openings (windows) in the SiO2 mask. The GaN structures in these areas had a threading dislocations density of 108–1010 cm−2. Lateral growth of the GaN films over the amorphous SiO2 mask, resulted in a reduction of the dislocation density to <106 cm−2. The primary materials source for both the vertical and lateral growth of the structures was the vapor phase. Essentially no GaN deposited on the SiO2 because of the very low sticking coefficients of Ga and N species on SiO2. Thermal stress relaxation is responsible for the final morphology and microstructure in these selectively grown structures.
Analysis and Optimization of Thermal Stratification and Self-Pressurization Effects in Liquid Hydrogen Storage Systems—Part 1: Model Development

This paper reports on analyses and optimization studies of problemes associated with liquid hydrogen thermal stratification and self-pressurization in cryogenic vessels. Three different pressure rise models were employed to calculate the self-pressurization and boil-off rates. These are a homogenous model, a surface-evaporation model, and a thermal stratification model. The first two uodels are based on the assumption that no temperature gradients exist in the tank, while the third one takes the temperature distribution into account. Employing the thermal stratification model, temperature gradients and their effect on the pressure rise rates in liquid hydrogen tank are analyzed
Laser-Controlled Etching Of Chromium-Doped and N-Doped Gaas

The photochemical etching of chromium-doped and n-doped GaAs in HNO3 and KOH is examined in the wavelength region of 334 to 514 nm from an argon-ion laser. The etching process is found to be not thermally controlled. The etch rates of chromium-doped GaAs agree with a diffusion-controlled model of the photochemically produced holes. For both types of GaAs, HNO3 is found to produce morphologically superior results.
Probabilistic Analyses and Practical Algorithms for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows

In the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows, a set of customers are served by a fleet of vehicles of limited capacity, initially located at a central depot. Each customer provides a period of time in which they require service, which may consist of repair work or loading/unloading the vehicle. The objective is to find tours for the vehicles, such that each customer is served in its time window, the total load on any vehicle is no more than the vehicle capacity, and the total distance traveled is as small as possible. In this paper, we present a characterization of the asymptotic optimal solution value for general distributions of service times, time windows, customer loads and locations. This characterization leads to the development of a new algorithm based on formulating the problem as a stylized location problem. Computational results show that the algorithm is very effective on a set of standard test problems.
Commentary on: Thiamine deficiency: a cause of profound hypotension and hypothermia after plastic surgery.

In this interesting case report, the authors recount a case of a massive weight loss patient undergoing panniculectomy who had profound hypotension and hypothermia following the operation.1 The patient had a complicated intensive care unit course with significant interventions to keep her circulatory system functioning. The symptoms resolved with administration of thiamine. This case underscores the importance of an awareness of nutritional deficiencies in the massive weight loss patient. In this case, the …
RESPONSE OF COOPERATORS AND COMPETITORS IN A SIMULATED ARMS RACE

St~mmary.40 subjects classified by social value orientation as cooperators or competitors played a six-choice Prisoner's Dilemma game in which a simulated participant employed a strategy of Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-reduction. Cooperators and competitors did not diffec in cooperation, and both groups responded cooperatively to the strategy. In a two-choice Prisoner's Dilemma game Lindskold, Walters, and Koutsourais (1983) found that subjects classified as having a cooperative social value were more likely to make a cooperative choice on Trial 1 of the game than subjects classified as having a competitive orientation. Nevertheless, both groups responded cooperatively to a strategy of Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-reduction. This strategy was designed to promote cooperation during confict through calculated communication and action. The present study investigated how cooperators and competitors would behave in a more complex social interaction, a six-choice Prisoner's Dilemma game. Subjects were college freshman recruited from an introductory psychology pool. A total of 20 cooperators and 20 competitors, classified by a decomposed matrix task (see Kuhlrnan & Marshello, 1975), participated. The sex of the subject was controlled so there were five men and five women in each cell of the 2 (social value) by 2 (level of retaliation) design. Subjects played against a simulated participant in a six-choice Prisoner's Dilemma game couched in terms of an arms race. It should be noted that the subjects have a tendency toward competition in this arms-race paradigm (Betz, 1991). Each trial began with subjects having five missiles and subjects could change zero to five missiles into factories. After a five-trial "warm-up" period the simulated participant began the strategy by sending a note stating an intent to disarm and by disarming one missile per trial unless exploited. In the equal retaliation condition the simulated participant retaliated by having the same number of missiles the subject had on the previous trial. In the low retaliation condition the simulated participant retaliated by having one less missile than the subject had on the previous trial. In all conditions, the simulated participant continued disarming after retahation.
A theology of poverty: Prelude to pastoral care of the poor

c. The reconciliation of man through Jesus Christ makes it plain that enslaving poverty in a world of abtmdance is an intolerable violation of God's good creation. Because Jesus identified himself with the needy and exploited, the cause of, the world's poor is the cause of his disciples. The church cannot condone poverty, whether it is the product of unjust social structures, exploitation of the defenseless, lack of national resources, absence of technological understanding, or rapid expansion of populations. The church calls every man to use his abilities, his possessions, and the fruits of technology as gifts entrusted to him by God for the maintenance of his family and the advancement of the common welfare. It encourages those forces in human society that raise men's hopes for better conditions and provide them with opportunity for a decent living. A church that is indifferent to poverty, or evades responsibility in economic affairs, or is open to one social class only, or expects gratitude for its beneficence makes a mockery of reconciliation and offers no acceptable worship to God. 1
Strontium Ion Selective Electrode Based on a Conducting Poly(Dibenzo-18-Crown-6) Film

Abstract The potential response behaviour of a strontium doped poly(dibenzo-18-crown-6) film electrode to strontium ions in solution has been examined. The effect of polymerization conditions on the characteristics of the response is discussed. The performance of the electrode with respect to electrode reproducibility, response stability and regeneration is also studied. The calibration plots for electrode have an unexpected slope of 58–59 mv per strontium(II) concentration decade at 25[ddot]C and a detection limit of about 2.9 × 10−5 M. The selectivity coefficients for this polymeric electrode for most of the potential interferants are in the order of 10−3. This polymeric film electrode has a relatively fast response, is easy to prepare and has a reasonable lifetime.
Effects of fibroblast and epidermal growth factors on ovarian cell proliferation in vitro. II. Proliferative response of luteal cells to FGF but not EGF.

The effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on luteal cell proliferation in vitro has been examined. Luteal cells maintained in the presence of low serum (1%) go through a doubling after 7 days. Addition of EGF induced one more doubling of the cells, after which the cells became resting. In contrast, FGF induced the cells to divide logarithmically with a cell cycle of 48 h. The effect of FGF was dependent on the serum and FGF concentrations. It has been obtained with serum concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 10% and with FGF concentrations ranging from 0.1 ng to 10 ng/ml. The halfmaximal FGF response was observed at 1.5 x 10-11M. In contrast, EGF has no effect besides causing an initial cell doubling within the same range of serum or FGF concentrations. Since granulosa cells have been shown to be highly sensitive to EGF as well as FGF, it can be concluded that during the luteinization process the sensitivity of the cells to EGF is lost, while the sensitivity to FGF is re...