cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A computational study of low oxygen flammability limit for thick solid slabs

Abstract A preventive approach to fire safety is proper material selection based on the flammability characteristics. One such measure of flammability is the limiting oxygen index (LOI). This is a commonly used numerical flammability index for relative grading and selecting materials. The test measures the extinction limit of a downward spreading flame over a finite size (rectangular slab or rod) fuel specimen. In this work, a two-dimensional numerical model was used to study the flame stabilization and extinction characteristics over a thick model solid fuel, which resembles a specimen burning near extinction limit in an LOI testing procedure. The computations were preformed for a mixed buoyant-forced-flow environment prevailing in the LOI test at normal gravity. At sufficiently high oxygen level (far away from flame extinction limit) the flame is anchored on the sides of the fuel slab (side-stabilized flame), but as the oxygen level is reduced, at a certain value the flame stabilization point abruptly shifts from the sides of the specimen to the wake region (wake flame). The structural details of these two modes of flame stabilization are discussed. The computations also show that the shift in the flame-anchoring position with oxygen level exhibits hysteresis; i.e., multiple flame solutions may exist for a given environmental condition of flow and oxygen. The flame extinction limits and flame-shift limits (side-stabilized flame to wake flame and vice versa) in ambient oxygen percentage are presented for different forced-flow velocities. Over the velocity range studied here, the side-stabilized flame (similar to flames over of thin fuels) becomes less flammable (higher LOI) at higher velocity, whereas the wake-stabilized flame becomes more flammable (lower LOI) with increase in forced-flow velocity. To understand the implication of this earth-based measurement to material selection for space application, additional computations were performed for pure forced-flow environment in zero gravity. Stabilization and extinction behavior of the flames at normal gravity are compared with those in zero gravity. The computations in a pure forced-flow environment show that the two modes are also present in a zero-gravity environment but only above certain minimum flow velocity. Below this velocity only the single flaming solution was obtained. In the present computations, the LOI values at zero gravity were lower than those at normal gravity. For zero gravity the LOI based on side-stabilized flame (for thin fuels) shows a nonmonotonic behavior: there is a minimum LOI which for the present set of property and kinetic parameter values occurs at a forced velocity of about 3–5 cm/s. For zero gravity the LOI based on wake flame extinction decreases rapidly with flow velocity for small velocities but with further increase in velocity the LOI value stays approximately constant.
Impulsivity as a moderator of the intention–behavior relationship for illicit drug use in patients undergoing treatment

Abstract Introduction Evident across clinical practice and clinical trials is a divergence between stated intentions and subsequent drug-related behaviors in substance abuse treatment settings. Impulsivity, itself related to drug abuse, may be one variable which may moderate the degree of disconnect in the intention–behavior relationship. The present study examines the relationship between self-stated desire to quit, impulsivity, and drug use in a group of outpatients receiving methadone maintenance treatment. In particular, we examined the direct and moderating influence of different facets of impulsivity (urgency, lack of premeditation, sensation seeking, and lack of perseverance) on drug use in the context of a stated desire to abstain from drugs. Method 84 opioid-dependent individuals undergoing counseling and methadone maintenance treatment completed a battery of self-report questionnaires including measures of impulsivity (UPPS Impulsivity Scale), stated desire to quit, and past 30-day drug use. We hypothesized that two facets of impulsivity, urgency and (lack of) premeditation, would moderate the relationship between desire to quit and past 30-day drug use, such that the relationship between intention and behavior would be weaker in those with high levels of these facets of impulsivity. Results Consistent with the disconnect between intentions and drug-use behaviors typical of treatment settings, desire to quit was not directly associated with self-reported past month drug use. However, in separate regression analyses, 2 facets of impulsivity, premeditation and sensation seeking, moderated the relationship between desire to quit and past month use. Whereas there was not a significant relationship between desire to quit and drug use in individuals high in sensation-seeking or lack of premeditation, the relationship between intention and drug use behaviors was preserved in those low in these facets of impulsivity. Conclusion These findings indicate that the relationship between desire to quit and self-reported past-month drug use is weak for those high in sensation seeking or low in premeditation. These results are discussed in the context of current interventions for substance dependence.
Magnetic flux periodicity in a hollow d -wave superconducting cylinder

The magnetic flux dependence of order parameter and supercurrent is studied in a hollow $d$-wave superconducting cylinder. It is shown that the existence of line nodal quasiparticles in a pure ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ pairing state gives rise to an $hc/e$ periodicity in the order parameter. We demonstrate that the flux periodicity in the supercurrent is sensitive to the detailed electronic band structure and electron filling factor. In particular, we find that the $hc/e$ component in the current spectrum can be tuned by these parameter values together with the cylinder circumference. A similar study of a ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}+i{d}_{xy}$ pairing state verifies the peculiarity of unconventional superconductors with nodal structure.
A reversal learning task detects cognitive deficits in a Dachshund model of late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are autosomal recessive lysosomal storage diseases characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and by accumulation of autofluorescent storage material in the central nervous system and other tissues. One of the most prominent clinical signs of NCL is progressive decline in cognitive function. We previously described a frame shift mutation of TPP1 in miniature long-haired Dachshunds which causes an early-onset form of NCL analogous to classical late-infantile onset NCL (CLN2) in children. Dogs homozygous for the TPP1 mutation exhibit progressive neurological signs similar to those exhibited by human patients. In order to establish biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy of ongoing therapeutic studies in this canine model, we characterized phenotypic changes in 13 dogs through 9 months of age. Cognitive function was assessed using a T-maze reversal learning (RL) task. Cognitive dysfunction was detected in affected dogs as early as 6 months of age and worsened as the disease progressed. Physical and neurological examination, funduscopy and electroretinography (ERG) were performed at regular intervals. Only the changes in ERG responses showed signs of disease progression earlier than the RL task. In the later stages of the disease clinical signs of visual and motor deficits became evident. The visual and motor deficits were not severe enough to affect the performance of dogs in the T-maze. Declining performance on the RL task is a sensitive measure of higher-order cognitive dysfunction which can serve as a useful biomarker of disease progression.
Effect of cattle breed and flucythrinate-impregnated ear tags on horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) control on yearling heifers.

Horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), counts were reduced 96–97% when Angus × Hereford (A × H) and Brahman × Hereford (B × H) yearling heifers were tagged with flucythrinate-impregnated ear tags. Horn fly populations on B × H heifers were 67–75% less than on A × H heifers. Correlations and regressions of average fly count on weight gain, hip height, tail bone length, brush length, and back-fat thickness were low. Bovine keratocon-junctivitis did not occur among B × H heifers and was reduced by tagging A × H heifers. Weight gains of A × H heifers were 6% greater when they were tagged, but tagging did not increase weight gains of B × H heifers.
Teaching digital image processing and computer vision in a quantitative imaging electronic classroom

In 1996, the University of Iowa launched a multiphase project for the development of a well-structured interdisciplinary image systems engineering curriculum with both depth and breadth in its offerings. This project has been supported by equipment grants from the Hewlett Packard Company. The new teaching approach that we are currently developing is very dissimilar to that we used in previous years. Lectures consist of presentation of concepts, immediately followed by examples, and practical exploratory problems. Six image processing classes have been offered in the new collaborative learning environment during the first two academic years. This paper outlines the employed educational approach we are taking and summarizes our early experience.
Ramjet-Powered Reusable Launch Vehicle Control by Sliding Modes

One possible approach to pitch control of an air-breathing reusable launch vehicle is differential throttling of opposite engines mounted on the conical lifting body. The vehicle must operate over a large range of  ight regimes. The problem is aggravated by the relatively large angle of attack, which produces nonsymmetrical engine operation. The dynamics of controlling supersonic compression inlets also requires very rapid response times. A pitch controller architecture is proposed based on the sliding mode control (SMC) approach. SMC is a robust, nonlinearcontrol techniquecharacterized by its total insensitivity to matcheddisturbances and its perfect rejection of unmatched disturbances. The pitch control of a conical reusable launch vehicle by opposite engines operating in ramjet mode is simulated. In response to pitch-induced disturbances, the SMC controller accurately tracks the prescribed nominal moment through generation of required engine thrust pro les. The control occurs in a minimum settling time with no chatter.
Clean image synthesis and target numerical marching for optical imaging with backscattering light

Scanning backscattering imaging and independent component analysis (ICA) are used to probe targets hidden in the subsurface of a turbid medium. A new correction procedure is proposed and used to synthesize a “clean” image of a homogeneous host medium numerically from a set of raster-scanned “dirty” backscattering images of the medium with embedded targets. The independent intensity distributions on the surface of the medium corresponding to individual targets are then unmixed using ICA of the difference between the set of dirty images and the clean image. The target positions are localized by a novel analytical method, which marches the target to the surface of the turbid medium until a match with the retrieved independent component is accomplished. The unknown surface property of the turbid medium is automatically accounted for by this method. Employing clean image synthesis and target numerical marching, three-dimensional (3D) localization of objects embedded inside a turbid medium using independent component analysis in a backscattering geometry is demonstrated for the first time, using as an example, imaging a small piece of cancerous prostate tissue embedded in a host consisting of normal prostate tissue.
Racial/ethnic differences in dietary intake among WIC families prior to food package revisions.

Abstract Objective To compare the diets of African American and Hispanic families in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) prior to the 2009 food package revisions. Methods Mother-child dyads were recruited from 12 WIC sites in Chicago, IL. Individuals with 1 valid 24-hour recall were included in the analyses (n = 331 children, n = 352 mothers). Results Compared to their African American counterparts, diets of Hispanic mothers and children were lower ( P P Conclusions and Implications There are racial/ethnic differences in dietary intake, and future research is needed to determine whether diets improve as a result of package revisions and whether uptake of these changes varies by race/ethnicity.
Kinetics of the reaction of OH with pernitric and nitric acids

The absolute rate constants for the reactions of OH + HO2NO2 (1) and OH + HNO3 (2) have been measured with the technique of flash photolysis resonance fluorescence over the temperature ranges of 240–330 K at 760 torr He for reaction (1) and of 240–370 K at 50 and 760 torr He for reaction (2). Reactant concentrations were monitored continuously by ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometry. The data can be fitted to the following Arrhenius expressions: These results are in very good agreement with recent studies of reaction (2), and also of reaction (1) at 295 K.
Identifying single-cell molecular programs by stochastic profiling

By stochastically sampling cells in groups of ten, the authors identify transcriptional programs with strong cell-to-cell expression differences thus allowing them to study endogenous heterogeneities in single cells.
Identification of Epigenetic Regulators of a Transcriptionally Silenced Transgene in Maize

Transcriptional gene silencing is a gene regulatory mechanism essential to all organisms. Many transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are associated with epigenetic modifications such as changes in chromatin structure, acetylation and methylation of core histone proteins, and DNA methylation within regulatory regions of endogenous genes and transgenes. Although several maize mutants have been identified from prior forward genetic screens for epigenetic transcriptional silencing, these screens have been far from saturated. Herein, the transcriptionally silent b1 genomic transgene (BTG-silent), a stable, epigenetically silenced transgene in Zea mays (maize), is demonstrated to be an effective phenotype for a forward genetic screen. When the transgene is reactivated, a dark purple plant phenotype is evident because the B1 transcription factor activates anthocyanin biosynthesis, making loss of silencing mutants easy to identify. Using BTG-silent, ten new putative mutants were identified and named transgene reactivated1 through 11 (tgr1-6 and tgr8-11). Three of these mutants have been examined in more detail, and molecular and genetic assays demonstrated that these mutants have both distinct and overlapping phenotypes with previously identified maize mutants that relieve epigenetic transcriptional silencing. Linkage analysis suggests that tgr2 and tgr3 do not correspond to a mutation at previously identified maize loci resulting from other forward genetic screens, while tgr1 shows linkage to a characterized gene. These results suggest that the mutants are a valuable resource for future studies because some of the mutants are likely to reveal genes that encode products required for epigenetic gene regulation in maize but are not currently represented by sequenced mutations.
Broadside Ballads: Social Consciousness in Song.

This article highlights a group ballad project which is a part of student experiences in Sing and Shout!, a course that integrates academic study with singing and song writing to develop a deeper u...
A Monte Carlo evaluation of the dosimetric characteristics of the Best Model 2301 125I brachytherapy source.

Recently a new design of a 125 I brachytherapy source was introduced for interstitial seed implants, particularly for prostate seed implants. This new source is the Best s Model 2301brachytherapy source. Due to the differences in source design and manufacturing process from one new source to the next, their dosimetric parameters should be determined according to the AAPM TG-43 guidelines. As per AAPM recommendation (Med. Phys. 25 (12) (1998) 2269), it is required to perform the seed dosimetry using at least one experimental study and one Monte Carlo simulation, preferably done by two separate investigators. Other investigators have experimentally determined the dosimetric parameters of this new source. In this project, the Monte Carlo simulated dosimetric parameters of the Best s Model 2301 125 I source have been provided. The results of this evaluation indicate the value of dose rate constant of 1.0173% cGy h � 1 U � 1 in liquid water, which is in good agreement with 1.0278% cGy h � 1 U � 1 reported by Nath and Yue, 2002. The anisotropy constant was found to be 0.98 in liquid water. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Incorporation of a Mass-Conserving Inundation Scheme into a Three Dimensional Storm Surge Model

Abstract The rapid rise and fall of coastal sea level due to tides and storm surge complicates the application of hydrodynamic models that use constant lateral boundaries in the region where sea level change falls within the tidal range or between the negative and positive surge extremes. In order to enable a hydrodynamic model for use in tidal or surge zones, an inundation and drying scheme must be incorporated into the hydrodynamic model. In this study, a mass-conserving inundation (wetting) and draining (drying) scheme is incorporated into a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (the Princeton Ocean Model, often referred to as POM) for coastal ocean and estuarine systems. This coupled hydrodynamic and inundation modeling system is tested in an idealized lake/estuarine setting. The results show that: 1) incorporation of the inundation/drying scheme into the POM enabled its application in shallow water systems with time-dependent coastal boundaries; 2) the mass conservation constraint used in the inundati...
Molecular Dynamics Study of Thermal Boundary Resistance: Evidence of Strong Inelastic Scattering Transport Channels

With the ever-decreasing size of microelectronics, growing applications of superlattices, and development of nanotechnology, thermal resistances of interfaces are becoming increasingly central to thermal management. Although there has been much success in understanding thermal boundary resistance (TBR) at low temperature, the current models for room temperature TBR are not adequate. This work examines TBR using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a simple interface between two FCC solids. The simulations reveal a temperature dependence of TBR, which is an indication of inelastic scattering in the classical limit. Introduction of point defects and lattice-mismatch-induced disorder in the interface region is found to assist the energy transport across the interface. This is believed to be due to the added sites for inelastic scattering and optical phonon excitation. A simple MD experiment was conducted by directing a phonon wave packet towards the interface. Inelastic scattering, which increases transport across the interface, was directly observed. Another mechanism of energy transport through the interface involving localization of optical phonon modes at the interface was also revealed in the simulations.
Control of Diesel Exhaust Odors

Attempts to reduce diesel exhaust odors, particularly from city buses, are reviewed along with some of the problems associated with odor measurement. Most research on diesel exhaust odor utilizes the Environmental Protection Agency Diesel Odor Quality-Intensity Rating System which consists of 28 plastic squeeze bottles, each partially filled with a different intensity or odor. A trained panel routinely evaluates simultaneously presented dilute exhaust in terms of the squeeze bottle standards. The major problem in odor research is the lack of a relatively simple but precise odor indicator other than the nose. Among the many odor control methods attempted, the use of DF-1 diesel fuel and improved fuel injectors along with increased upshift speeds appear to offer promise for reducing exhaust odors. Less complicated measurement procedures are required, however, before substantial commitments can be made by manufacturers in designing engines with essentially negligible exhaust odor.
Heat kernels on euclidean complexes

In this thesis we describe a type of metric space called an Euclidean polyhedral complex. We define a Dirichlet form on it; this is used to give a corresponding heat kernel. We provide a uniform small time Poincare inequality for complexes with bounded geometry and use this to determine uniform small time heat kernel bounds via a theorem of Sturm. We then consider such complexes with an underlying finitely generated group structure. We use techniques of Saloff-Coste and Pittet to show a large time asymptotic equivalence for the heat kernel on the complex and the heat kernel on the group.
Primary culture of hemocytes from the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, and their susceptibility to Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1).

Primary cultures of hemocytes from the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus were developed for studies on the in vitro propagation of Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1). A modiWed Leibovitz L-15 medium supported the best survival of hemocytes in in vitro primary cultures. However, degradation of the cultures occurred rapidly in the presence of granulocytes. A Percoll step gradient was used to separate hemocytes into three subpopulations enriched in hyalinocytes, semigranulocytes, and granulocytes, respectively. When cultured separately, hyalinocytes and semigranulocytes maintained higher viability (»80%) after 18 days incubation compared with granulocytes, which degraded over 2–3 days. Susceptibility of the cell types was investigated in challenge studies with PaV1. Hyalinocytes and semigranulocytes were susceptible to PaV1. Cytopathic eVects (CPE) were observed as early as 12 h post-inoculation, and as the infection progressed, CPE became more apparent, with cell debris and cellular exudates present in inoculated cultures. Cell lysis was noticeable within 24 h of infection. The presence of virus within cells was further conWrmed by in situ hybridization using a speciWc DNA probe. The probe gave a unique staining pattern to cells infected with PaV1 24-h post-inoculation. Cells in the control treatment were intact and negative to hybridization. This assay was further applied to the quantiWcation of infectious virus in hemolymph using a 50% tissue culture infectious dose assay (TCID50) based on CPE. These tools will now allow the quantiWcation of PaV1 using established culture-based methods.
Cooperative processing: an agenda for research

The potential research agenda for cooperative processing (COP) is explored. COP is a method of processing in which communications is an integral part of the process of executing an application. The notion that new information technologies are creating innovative organizational structures that tend to alter the ways in which firms conduct their business is discussed. Topics for possible research are suggested such as: potential COP users, types of applications benefiting from the COP processing mode, and organizational and technological factors involved in COP implementation. >
Test concept and experimental validation of the use of built-in-test to simplify conducted susceptibility testing of advanced technology integrated circuits and printed circuit boards

A description is given of the test concept and experimental validation of measurement techniques which exploit built-in-test (BIT) to simplify RF susceptibility measurements of complex digital integrated circuits (ICs) and printed circuit (PC) boards. The use of the BIT capability of VLSI devices and PC boards: (1) simplifies the hardware and software interfaces to the device-under-test; and (2) reduces the external test equipment requirements. A specific example is given as to how these techniques and procedures were applied to a self-testing Am2903 4-bit microprocessor slice test circuit. Test data are presented which demonstrate the feasibility of using BIT techniques to obtain susceptibility thresholds with a significant reduction in test complexity and external test equipment requirements. The limitations associated with using BIT techniques for susceptibility characterizations of ICs and PC boards are also addressed. >
Long-term results of lower urinary tract reconstruction with the ceco-appendiceal unit.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We report long-term results in 11 patients born with bladder exstrophy who underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction using a ceco-appendiceal unit.Materials and Methods: Four boys and 2 girls underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction using an unaltered ceco-appendiceal unit. In 2 boys and 1 girl the bladder was replaced with a reservoir of terminal ileum, cecum and ascending colon, and the appendix was used as an orthotopic neourethra. In another 2 boys and 1 girl the bladder was augmented, while the appendix was used to create a stoma to the umbilicus. In 5 patients in whom the ceco-appendiceal sphincteric mechanism. Four patients underwent augmentation with the appendix brought out as an umbilical stoma, and in 1 the bladder was replaced and the appendix was used as a neourethra.Results: Six patients in whom the ceco-appendiceal junction was unaltered and 5 in whom it was plicated remain continent 5 to 11 and 2 to 7 years postoperatively, respectively. In the initial patient urina...
Computer Study of Dynamic Behavior of Piling

SYNOPSIS The application of wave theory to the investigation of structural behavior of piling is examined. A digital-computer program based substantially on the work of E. A. L. Smith was used in generating the theoretical solutions. The essentials of Smith's development are given, followed by a discussion of certain extensions and applications of the procedure. It is illustrated how, through the use of high.-speed digital computation, the influence on pile behavior of factors such as ram weight, ram velocity, diesel-hammer pressure, ca block and cushion block stiffnesses, pile mateB rial properties, and soil prop rties may be evaluated. . . Comparisons are made wi h the Uexact" solution for an ideal bar and with experimental results f rom a'field test. The effects of segment length and time interval for the discrete-element solution are examined. The use of the automatic plotting capability of the digital computer is illustrated.
Age changes in rhythms of energy metabolism, activity, and body temperature in Mus and Peromyscus.

The decrease in resting metabolic rate with age for experimental animals and man is, as someone has remarked, the most over-confirmed fact in gerontology (Pettegrew and Ewing, 1971; Grad, 1953; Kleiber et al., 1956; Schock and Yiengst, 1955; Keys et al., 1963). However, if one looks at the information available on age changes in the metabolism of activity, in respect to either its amount or its temporal organization within the diel cycle, the scene is much more sparsely populated. The qualitative registration of motor activity, sufficient to distinguish between the active and inactive phases of the circadian cycle, has, of course, been extensively used for the measurement of the circadian periods of experimental animals, and one investigation has appeared on the change in length of the circadian period with age in Peromyscus (Pittendrigh and Daan, 1974). However, those studies are not closely related to the objective of the present paper, which is to examine the modulation of energy metabolism, motor activity, and body temperature over the diel cycle as a function of age. For this purpose we need quantitative, closely spaced measurements of at least three variables: (a) the kinetic energy of motor activity; (b) rate of energy expenditure, measured indirectly by rate of oxygen consumption or carbon dioxide production; and (c) deep body temperature, measured by radiotelemetry. Two additional variables would be valuable but cannot yet be conveniently measured on the unconstrained animal: skin temperature and rate of heat loss. Monitoring of diel cycles of body temperature and/or oxygen consumption is widely employed for ecological energy budgeting, analysis of thermoregulation and hibernation studies (Heusner et al., 1971; Kayser and Hildwein, 1969; Heusner, 1957), and for research on circadian rhythm (Ehret et al., this volume), but we have no information about the diel cycles for any of the aforementioned variables in relation to aging.
Recognition, discrimination and categorization of smiling by 5‐month‐old infants

Perceiving emotions correctly is foundational to the development of interpersonal skills. Five-month-old infants’ abilities to recognize, discriminate and categorize facial expressions of smiling were tested in three coordinated experiments. Infants were habituated to four degrees of smiling modeled by the same or different people; following habituation, infants were presented with a new degree of smile worn by the same and by a new person (Experiment 1), a new degree of smile and a fearful expression worn by the same person (Experiment 2) or a new degree of smile and a fearful expression worn by new people (Experiment 3). Infants showed significant novelty preferences for the new person smiling and for the fearful expressions over the new degree of smiling. These findings indicate that infants at 5 months can categorize the facial expression of smiling in static faces, and yet recognize the same person despite changes in facial expression; this is the youngest age at which these abilities have been demonstrated. The findings are discussed in light of the significance of emotion expression face processing in social interaction and infants’ categorization of faces.
Histatin-1 Expression in Human Lacrimal Epithelium.

Background Study of human lacrimal cell biology is limited by poor access to tissue samples, heterogeneous cell composition of tissue and a lack of established lacrimal epithelial markers. In order to further our understanding of lacrimal cell biology, we sought to find a better marker for human lacrimal epithelial cells, compared to what has been reported in the literature.
Abstract 2933: Combined Clinical, CT, And CTA-SI Scale To Expect The Presence Of Large Infarct Volume On DWI In Acute Stroke Patients Within 8h Of Onset.

Background and Purpose: Large ischemic volume (>70-80ml) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been associated with a lack of response to early recanalization therapy of acute ischemic stroke. We investigated whether a scale that combines clinical, conventional computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography source imaging (CTA-SI) information can estimate large infarct of >80ml seen on early DWI. Methods: Acute anterior circulation stroke patients within 8h of onset and examined with CT and CTA were prospectively enrolled. Only imaging findings evaluated within 1.5h interval among CT, CTA and DWI were analyzed. NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was assessed on admission. The Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS) was scored on CT and CTA-SI. To devise the early infarct volume estimation scale, NIHSS score, CT and CTA-SI ASPECTSs were scored as 1, if the NIHSS score was greater than or equal to, and, CT and CTA-SI ASPECTS was smaller than or equal to the cut-off value to distinguish the DWI volume of >80ml from others. Collateralization was also defined as score of 1 if collateral filling was limited 80ml were calculated. Result: Fifty-seven subjects (median age [quartiles]; 74 [56-82], male; 28 [49%]) were enrolled from May 2010 to July 2011. DWI volume of >80ml was seen in 10 (18%) patients. Using ROC curve, the cut-off value of NIHSS score to predict DWI of >80ml was 20 (sensitivity of 0.70 and specificity of 0.70, area under curve [AUC] 0.761, p=0.010), that of CT ASPECTS was 6 (sensitivity of 0.98 and specificity of 0.68, AUC 0.887, p 80ml (sensitivity of 0.70, specificity of 0.87, PPV of 0.54, and NPV of 0.93, p 80ml (sensitivity of 0.30, specificity of 1.00, PPV of 1.00, and NPV of 0.87, p=0.004). Conclusion: Clinical and CT based radiological examinations may estimate the large ischemic volume on early DWI.
Neutral endopeptidase inhibition potentiates the natriuretic actions of adrenomedullin

Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a potent renal vasodilating and natriuretic peptide possessing a six amino acid disulfide ring. Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) is localized in greatest abundance in the k...
An Intercomparison of Two Mathematical Models for Meso- and Micro-scale Atmospheric Dynamics

Two mathematical models for mesoand micro-scale atmospheric dynamics are compared and evaluated against benchmark test cases. Both models are fully-compressible and have the same conservation laws for mass and momentum, but in one model the equation for conservation of total energy is replaced by the conservation of potential temperature. A quantitative analysis is conducted to study the mass and energy conservation properties of the two models. For consistency, the same numerical technique is used to solve the two models. It is demonstrated that there is little to no difference between the two mathematical models both in terms of the final result and the computational cost.
The relationship of life stressors, mood disorder, and health care utilization in primary care patients referred for integrated behavioral health services.

AbstractExposure to stressful life events, mood disorder, and health care utilization were evaluated in 102 low-income, primarily minority patients receiving behavioral health and medical services at a safety-net primary care clinic. Exposure to major stressors was far higher in this sample than in
Mens Sana in Corpore Sano

The above Latin quote is widely attributed to the Roman poet Juvenal—interestingly, the original quote says “ orandum est ut sit mens sana in corpore sano ”. This translates into “You should pray for a healthy mind in a healthy body”—indeed something that few can argue with. It has
A simple technic for demonstrating plaque formation with virus of vaccinia.

Discussion and SummaryA simple technic is described whereby the production of plaques in chick embryo tissue cultures has been consistently obtained with vaccinia virus. The plaques are probably due to viral activity. This conclusion is supported by the fact that 1) the plaques are absent when the virus is absent and their number increases with the concentration of the virus, 2) the number of plaques produced intissue culture correlates with the number of pox produced on the CAM of the developing chick embryo and 3) specific antibody reduces both the number of plaques formed in tissue culture and the number of pox formed on the CAM by 95%.
A clinician's guide to a woman's heart

Contrary to the perception of most women that breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women, it is heart disease and stroke that claim the most lives of women older than 35 years in the United States. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is likely to increase as more women--notably the "baby boomers"--enter the menopausal period, a time of increased cardiac vulnerability. Primary care physicians should be on the forefront in taking an inventory of risk factors in their female patients and in educating them about the reality of heart disease in their gender and about the risk factors that these patients can modify to decrease their risk. To aid in their efforts, this article provides an overview of those risk factors that are modifiable, such as weight reduction, exercise, and smoking cessation. It also offers an evaluation of the benefit and nonbenefit of vitamin and herbal supplements in reduction of cardiac events.
High-speed holographic wavefront correction

We present details of a compact, holographic adaptive optics system with 64 actuators and 100kHz bandwidth, but no computer. We are currently modifying our system with a view towards an on-sky test in a large astronomical telescope in late-2016.
Mechanisms of Bone Destruction in Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by monoclonal paraprotein production. It is the second most common hematologic malignancy and has the highest incidence of bone involvement amongst malignant diseases. Up to 90% of patients with MM have evidence of osteolysis in the form of generalized osteopenia or discrete lytic lesions. Skeletal lesions in MM are distinct from bone involvement in other malignancies and are characterized by generalized increased osteoclast activity and suppressed osteoblast function with decreased new bone formation. This chapter will review the pathophysiology of myeloma bone disease and discuss current treatment strategies and novel targets for management of myeloma bone disease.
Implications of Dysfunction of Mechanosensory Cilia in Polycystic Kidney Disease

ABSTRACT Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a multisystemic disorder characterized by numerous fluid-filled renal cysts that eventually destroy the kidney architecture and lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Although the formation of bilateral cystic kidneys is the hallmark of the disease, patients with ADPKD also suffer from extra-renal manifestations and cardiovascular complications. ADPKD is considered a ciliopathy disease due to defects in mechanosensory polycystins, localized to primary cilia, which have been recognized as mechanosensory organelles due to their involvement in ADPKD only within the past decade. Our recent studies focus on the fluid mechanosensory functions of primary cilia using cultured cells, animal models, and tissue from ADPKD patients. Growing evidence from these studies suggests that aberrant expression or localization of polycystins to cilia could promote high blood pressure due to the inability to synthesize nitric oxide in response to an increase in shear stress, and alteration of function of cilia could contribute to vascular and renal abnormalities in ADPKD. Our results have led us to propose that drugs targeting primary ciliary function could to be a novel therapeutic approach to slow the progression of pathogenesis in ADPKD. In this chapter, in order to explain the involvement of primary cilia in ADPKD, the structure of primary cilia and their mechanosensory function will be described and their contribution to diseases of the kidney and cardiovascular system will be discussed in regards to ADPKD.
Simulated War: Remediating Trauma Narratives in Military Psychotherapy

How have the politics of therapy been reconfigured during the so-called Global War on Terror? What role have the new virtual reality therapies that so resemble other forms of military simulation played in this reconfiguration? In this article, I draw upon feminist science and technology’s (STS) theorization of human-machine interaction into order to interrogate how contemporary therapies for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reconfigure agency in the practice of healing. Analyzing trauma therapy as a site of reconfiguration, I show how new exposure-based therapies for PTSD—both with and without virtual reality—configure aspects of human subjectivity, such as memory, affect, and behavior, as objects for technological intervention. Through comparative analysis of different modalities of PTSD treatment, I show that the politics of therapy is especially enacted through the therapeutic remediation of trauma narratives: the mediational practices through which a traumatic memory is made available for therapeutic reworking. Therapeutic remediation practices configure therapists, patients, and nonhuman actants as subjects and objects with different forms of agency.
Year-Long Undergraduate Research Projects.

Undergraduate research has become the centerpiece of many institutions of higher education’s efforts to attract and recruit high school graduates. Since 1987, throughout my tenure at Bloomsburg Uni...
The neurovascular unit and the pathophysiologic basis of diabetic retinopathy

Purpose To relate the concept of the retinal neurovascular unit and its alterations in diabetes to the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. Methods Case illustrations and conceptual frameworks are presented that illustrate adaptive and maladaptive "dis-integration" of the retinal neurovascular unit with the progression of diabetes. Results Retinopathy treatment should address pathophysiologic processes rather than pathologic lesions as is current practice. Conclusions Future improvements in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy requires deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular changes induced by diabetes, coupled with the use of quantitative phenotyping methods that assess the pathophysiologic processes.
Cancer Precision Medicine: From Cancer Screening to Drug Selection and Personalized Immunotherapy

With the accelerating progress in basic and clinical cancer research, a huge body of new discoveries and powerful technologies has allowed us to implement a ‘Cancer Precision Medicine (CPM)’ system for cancer patients. The CPM system covers a wide range of cancer management including cancer screening, monitoring of relapse/recurrence, selection/prediction of effective drugs/treatments, and personalized immunotherapy. In this system individual cancer patients expect to receive personalized care: an appropriate dose of the right drug at the right time. We here aim to summarize and discuss a possible workflow for precision medicine for cancer patients by reviewing recent booming technologies and treatments that have been used or will potentially be used in the CPM system.
It Matters What Is Measured.

Measurement in health care today is pervasive. But the question is, are we measuring what matters? What is measured, particularly when it affects payment, drives what we do. It is important to measure what matters. It is time to eliminate the review of systems (ROS). Long revered as a central
Patient-Oriented Research

Patient-oriented research (POR) is a specific type of clinical translational research where the patient is the focus of the investigation. This type of investigation requires interaction with the patient to test the research hypotheses and perform the studies. POR plays an important role in many types of clinical translational research including observational, mechanistic, and therapeutic studies as well as clinical trials. POR can fill the translational gap between basic science research and clinical applications to humans as well as the gap between clinical research findings and their use by the community. There are several important steps to successful POR investigation many of which are common to research in general but have specific considerations when human subjects are involved.
Calcium-Mediated Docking and Fusion of Purified Dense Core Vesicles with Reconstituted Membranes

Regulated exocytosis is a process by which neurotransmitters, hormones, and secretory proteins are released from the cell in response to elevated levels of calcium. This is mediated by SNARE proteins which catalyze membrane fusion of the secretory vesicle to the plasma membrane. While SNAREs are sufficient to catalyze fusion in vitro, they do not convey calcium sensitivity to the process. The calcium sensor is thought to be the protein synaptotagmin, which has two calcium binding C2 domains and resides on the secretory vesicle. To investigate the calcium response of native secretory vesicles, we developed a novel iso-osmotic fractionation procedure to purify dense core vesicles (DCVs) from PC12 cells, an immortalized neuroendocrine cell line. Fusion assays based on bulk lipid mixing of DCVs with proteoliposomes containing a highly reactive SNARE acceptor complex were used to determine the overall calcium response of fusion. A fluorescently tagged secretory protein, neuropeptide Y (NPY), was used to specifically label the contents of the DCVs to monitor single vesicle docking and fusion events to a planar supported bilayer containing reconstituted acceptor SNARE complexes. The results show that docking and fusion both depend on calcium, but in different fashions, indicating that different molecular players contribute to each sub-reaction. Knock downs using shRNA were used to determine which resident DCV proteins are responsible for the calcium response of docking and fusion. Soluble accessory proteins known to modulate SNARE proteins were added to fusion assays to determine the molecular requirements to have a fully calcium dependent SNARE mediated fusion process.
Physical activity and coronary heart disease: Part I: Dr. Fox

Abstract 1. 1. The more active men in most study data are less subject to coronary heart disease, even less to myocardial infarction, and much less to sudden death. The data refer to both occupational and nonoccupational physical activity. These relationships, however, are of associated phenomena and not necessarily causally related. 2. 2. The data on angina are enigmatic, but angina represented only 18 per cent, at most, of the total manifestations of coronary heart disease in these studies. 3. 3. The major influence of physical activity appears to relate to myocardial infarcts, scars and fibrous patches, less to coronary occlusion and least to coronary atherosclerosis. 4. 4. The intensity and duration of physical activity does not differ greatly among groups with significantly different manifestations of coronary heart disease. It appears that the amount of physical activity engaged in by the more active groups would be acceptable to many presently sedentary citizens. One might be able to increase the intensity and shorten the duration and obtain the same suggested benefit in an individually acceptable preventive regimen. 5. 5. More work is needed to prove the effectiveness of the suggested preventive approach through increased habitual physical activity, to refine prescriptions of activity for patients and to enhance motivation for long-term physical activity programs. 6. 6. Quite apart from the important need to acquire more data on the ability of increased habitual physical activity to prevent coronary heart disease, I wish to mention the growing acceptance of physical conditioning and reconditioning as a means to help overcome the anxiety and depression that occurs with coronary disease-and even without its manifestations-among many persons of middle age. In conclusion , I submit that it is prudent to include increased habitual physical activity in a program to prevent or manage nonacute coronary heart disease.
Sex-based differences in quality of care and outcomes in a health system using a standardized STEMI protocol.

Background Recent data from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry indicate that women with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) continue to have higher mortality and reported delays in treatment compared with men. We aimed to determine whether the sex difference in mortality exists when treatment disparities are reduced. Methods Using a prospective regional percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)–based STEMI system database with a standardized STEMI protocol, we evaluated baseline characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes of STEMI patients stratified by sex. Results From March 2003 to January 2016, 4,918 consecutive STEMI patients presented to the Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital regional STEMI system including 1,416 (28.8%) women. Compared with men, women were older (68.4 vs 60.9 years) with higher rates of hypertension (66.7% vs 55.7%), diabetes (21.7% vs 17.4%), and cardiogenic shock (11.5% vs 8.0%) (all P Conclusions Previously reported treatment disparities between men and women are diminished in a regional PCI-based STEMI system using a standardized STEMI protocol. No sex differences in short-term or long-term age-adjusted mortality are present in this registry despite some treatment disparities. These results suggest that STEMI health care disparities and mortality in women can be improved using STEMI protocols and systems.