cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of RSV neutralizing antibodies in the treatment and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk children

Studies assessing the use of RSV immune globulin in the treatment of RSV illness are not yet completed. However, a large multicenter trial demonstrated that prophylaxis with RSV immune globulin was safe and efficacious in prevention of serious RSV disease in high-risk infants. Refinements in the practical application of RSVIG are needed, as intravenous lines are difficult to place and maintain in these fragile infants. With the development of concentrated polyclonal and/or effective monoclonal antibody preparations, it may be possible to immunize intramuscularly (Tempest et al., 1993; Barbas et al., 1992). The efficacy of RSV-specific monoclonal antibodies must still be defined, and the appropriate viral epitopes targeted. While these issues still need to be addressed, it is exciting to have finally produced a safe and effective way to prevent severe RSV disease in high-risk young children.
Spectral studies of oxochromium(V) complexes

Abstract Six different salts of the CrOCl 4 − species, two salts of CrOCl 5 2− , (Et 4 N) 2 [CrOF 5 ], and three entirely novel oxochromium(V) compounds, Cs 2 CrO(AB)Cl 3 (AB = tartrate, hydroxymalonate, or malate), have been synthesized and characterized by i.r. spectra, equivalent conductances and magnetic susceptibilities. They have been subjected to electronic spectral studies at ambient temperatures in CH 3 CN and CH 2 Cl 2 solvents and at 77°K in Nujol mulls, and to ESR spectral investigation as powdered solids at ambient temperatures. The detailed electronic spectra of the halo complexes, coupled with data for the analogous VO 2+ and MoO 3+ complexes, have permitted a more firmly based set of empirical assignments of the electronic transitions in these d 1 systems.
Mature Consumers Speak: Insights on Information Search and Self-Efficacy for Service Purchases

Mature consumers (age 55 years and older) hold the majority of purchasing power in the United States, but relatively little consumer research is focused on this group. The present project examines mature consumers' decision-making process for service purchases, focusing specifically on information search and choice of service providers. Three qualitative focus groups illuminate common themes, which are then tested with a quantitative survey examining self-efficacy in service decisions. Patterns suggest that men consult more types of information sources (breadth); women prefer fewer types of sources, but more sources within a particular type of source (depth). Conclusions provide insights into the effect of self-efficacy on mature consumer service decisions.
Biochemical consequences of traumatic brain injury in dementia pugilistica

ASSOCIATED VARIANTS IN A BRAIN EXPRESSION GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (EGWAS) Nilufer Ertekin-Taner, Fanggeng Zou, High Seng Chai, Curtis Younkin, Julia Crook, Vernon Pankratz, Mariet Allen, Minerva Carrasquillo, Christopher Rowley, Asha Nair, Sumit Middha, Sooraj Maharjan, Thuy Nguyen, Li Ma, Kimberly Malphrus, Ryan Palusak, Sarah Lincoln, Gina Bisceglio, Constantin Georgescu, Naomi Kouri, Christopher Kolbert, Jin Jen, Ronald Petersen, Neill Graff-Radford, Dennis Dickson, Steven Younkin, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
Explicit continued fractions and quantum gravity

This paper deals with the subject of completely integrable systems, particularly Painleve equations, monodromy and Stokes parameters, complex analysis, approximation theory, computational mathematics, and number theory. The starting point is the rather narrow question: What is the closed-form expression for the continued fraction expansions of functions having closed (explicit) form definition?
Examining the hemagglutinin subtype diversity among wild duck-origin influenza A viruses using ethanol-fixed cloacal swabs and a novel RT-PCR method

This study presents an interconnected approach for circumventing two inherent limitations associated with studies defining the natural history of influenza A viruses in wild birds. The first limiting factor is the ability to maintain a cold chain from specimen collection to the laboratory when study sites are in more remote locations. The second limiting factor is the ability to identify all influenza A virus HA subtypes present in an original sample. We report a novel method for molecular subtyping of avian influenza A virus hemagglutinin genes using degenerate primers designed to amplify all known hemagglutinin subtypes. It was shown previously that templates larger than 200 bp were not consistently amplifiable from ethanol-fixed cloacal swabs. For this study, new primer sets were designed within these constraints. This method was used to perform subtyping RT-PCR on 191 influenza RNA-positive ethanol-fixed cloacal swabs obtained from 880 wild ducks in central Alaska in 2005. Seven different co-circulating hemagglutinin subtypes were identified in this study set, including H1, H3, H4, H5, H6, H8, and H12. In addition, 16% of original cloacal samples showed evidence of mixed infection, with samples yielding from two-to-five different hemagglutinin subtypes. This study further demonstrates the complex ecobiology of avian influenza A viruses in wild birds.
Global Model of the General Circulation Of the Atmosphere Below 75 Kilometers With an Annual Heating Cycle

Abstract The development of a nine-layer, quasi-geostrophic, highly truncated spectral model of the atmosphere is described. The model is global, extends to 0.05 mb (71 km) with roughly 10-km resolution in the stratosphere, and includes an annual heating cycle. Preliminary integrations without eddies reveal the seasonal variation of a thermally driven circulation. A model integration was made to simulate the months of December and January without nonzonal forcing, thus being more representative of a Southern Hemisphere winter. The overall features of the atmosphere were well simulated. A midlatitude temperature maximum was produced in the winter mesosphere of the model, which was driven in the manner of the lower stratosphere. With the inclusion of the annual heating cycle, the model successfully reproduced a more intense circulation in January than existed in December. This caused the maximum tropospheric meridional temperature gradient in the winter hemisphere to occur weeks prior to the maximum in the ...
The Role of Depression in Short-Term Mood and Fatigue Responses to Acute Exercise

Depression is associated with reduced physical activity levels, but little is known about the mechanisms accounting for the sedentary lifestyle among depressed individuals. Acute exercise is associated with positive mood in healthy individuals but may evoke negative mood in depressed individuals, which would further reduce the initiation and maintenance of regular exercise. The present study examined the effects of acute exercise on depressed mood and fatigue in individuals with depression and nondepressed participants. Participants with diagnosed Major (n = 12) or Minor Depressive Disorder (n = 2; n = 14, mean age of 41.7 ± 9.6 years, 50% women) and control participants (n = 16, mean age of 38.1 ± 6.1 years, 50% women), engaged in treadmill exercise. Mood and fatigue were measured before and after the acute bout of exercise. Immediately following exercise, depressed individuals displayed improvements in depressed mood (Δ from baseline: p = 0.02), but subsequently exhibited increased depressed mood (Δ from baseline: p = 0.05) and fatigue (Δ from baseline: p = 0.005) at 30 min post-exercise. These delayed increases in depressed mood (p = 0.05) and fatigue (p = 0.007) were higher in depressed participants compared to controls. These findings indicate that depressed individuals have increased negative mood 30 min post-exercise which may partially explain reduced initiation and adherence to exercise programs in depression.
Intratarsal keratinous cysts of the Meibomian gland: distinctive clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features in 6 cases.

Purpose To describe 6 patients representing a new entity of Meibomian gland keratinous cysts. Design Retrospective, interventional, clinicopathologic study. Methods Review of clinical histories and findings, histopathologic evaluations, and immunohistochemical studies of the cysts' linings with monoclonal antibodies directed against cytokeratins and cell surface epithelial markers. Results Six patients with an average age of 62.5 years had noninflamed, upper eyelid nodules fixed to the tarsus. Eyelid eversion revealed a white–yellow nodular bulge in 3 cases, a bluish coloration in 2 cases, and a translucent appearance in 1 case. The cysts were lined by undulating squamous epithelium possessing an inner eosinophilic cuticle that produced a peculiar refractile, strand-like intracavitary keratin. Immunostaining for cytokeratin 17 and carcinoembryonic antigen showed strongly positive results in the Meibomian gland cysts and, by comparison, negative results in cutaneous epidermal cysts. Multiple recurrences occurred after incomplete excisions. Conclusions After chalazia and sebaceous cell tumors, Meibomian gland keratinous cysts seem to be the third most common primary intratarsal lesion. Anterior fixation to the tarsus and posterior protrusion beneath the palpebral conjunctiva without inflammation suggest the diagnosis. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluations can distinguish unequivocally the current entity from common epidermal cysts. The optimal treatment consists of an en bloc excision of the cyst with a tarsectomy, or else wide excision with intratarsal cautery of any remnants of the cellular lining.
Endoscopic ablation of Barrett's esophagus.

Barrett’s esophagus is a premalignant lesion of the esophagus that arises as an abnormal tissue response to epithelial injury from gastroesophageal reflux. Barrett’s esophagus has previously been considered an irreversible lesion that required life-long surveillance to prevent malignant transformation. Recently, combination therapy with pharmacologic or surgical control of acid reflux combined with endoscopic delivery of a mucosal injury appears to have the capability of reversing superficial Barrett’s tissue, and perhaps deeper tissue as well. Whether Barrett’s esophagus is cured and cancer/dysplasia prevented by these techniques will require long-term follow-up of these patients.
The Role of Upstream Midtropospheric Circulations in the Sierra Nevada Enabling Leeside (Spillover) Precipitation. Part II: A Secondary Atmospheric River Accompanying a Midlevel Jet

Abstract The synoptic structure of two case studies of heavy “spillover” or leeside precipitation—1–2 January 1997 and 30–31 December 2005—that resulted in Truckee River flooding are analyzed over the North Pacific beginning approximately 7 days prior to the events. Several sequential cyclone-scale systems are tracked across the North Pacific, culminating in the strengthening and elongation of a polar jet stream’s deep exit region over northern California and Nevada. These extratropical cyclones separate extremely cold air from Siberia from an active intertropical convergence zone with broad mesoscale convective systems and tropical cyclones. The development of moisture surges resulting in leeside flooding precipitation over the Sierra Nevada is coupled to adjustments within the last wave in the sequence of cyclone waves. Stage I of the process occurs as the final wave moves across the Pacific and its polar jet streak becomes very long, thus traversing much of the eastern Pacific. Stage II involves the de...
Impact of Environmental Preconditioning and Composition Parameters on Constitutive Behavior of Underfills

The use of underfills in electronic applications is becoming more prevelant with the decrease in package pitch to 0.5 mm and the increase in I/Os. Underfill encapsulation is typically used in flip chip on laminate assemblies to more evenly distribute and minimize the solder joint strains, thus improving thermal cycling fatigue life. The material constitutive and damage behavior of underfills is however poorly understood. Typical underfill material data sheets often do not provide the parameters required for development of accurate predictive models. In this paper a new methodology for preparation of thin uniaxial test samples for mechanical testing of underfills has been used to better understand the non-linear constitutive behavior of underfills. Bulk underfill samples exhibit different behavior because of non-uniform curing and the effect of sample thickness on the response of underfill layers. A microscale tension-torsion testing machine has been used to measure stress-strain, creep, and stress relaxation behavior if several underfills as a function of temperature. Thermal-fatigue reliability response of various permutation of underfill materials have been analyzed using statistical models. The effect of thermal aging, thermal cycling, and moisture preconditioning on the constitutive behavior of materials have been analyzed. Models have been developed to represent the underfill behavior in an operating range of −40 to 125C.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
WHAT IS NEW IN CUTANEOUS LASER RESEARCH

Laser surgery is a dynamic, growing field in dermatology. Recent advances in cutaneous laser applications include the treatment of scars, wrinkles, warts, and stretch marks. Current investigation focuses on permanent hair removal and leg vein treatment as well as improvement of current treatment of vascular and pigmented lesions. This article provides an overview of laser applications and focuses on novel research.
Iridium complexes as hydrosilylation catalysts

Iridium complexes have been found to be active as catalysts for hydrosilylation reactions, especially for those involving 1,3-dienes and 1-alkynes. For ketones, iridium complexes show maximum activity if one molar equivalent (relative to iridium) of triphenylphosphine is added to the reaction mixture. Iridium complexes are also active catalysts for the hydrosilylation of a,s-unsaturated ketones, although the regioselectivity differs from that obtained with rhodium complexes. Attempts at asymmetric hydrosilylation of keto compounds using iridium complexes resulted in extremely low enantiomeric excesses.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnosis and management.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the current modalities employed in diagnosing and treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Special emphasis is placed on current guidelines, as defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Data source: A comprehensive literature review for COPD serves as the basis for this article. Conclusions: According to the National COPD Coalition (2004), there are nearly 24 million Americans who suffer from COPD. The incidence of COPD is rising globally and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. COPD is characterized by progressive decline in function, resulting in concomitant diseases, which increase healthcare dollar expenditures, thus making COPD a concern for healthcare providers in the United States and abroad. Implications for practice: Once a diagnosis of COPD is made, healthcare providers should explore multiple treatment options in an effort to find the most beneficial regimen. It is only when the treatments are individualized, including physiological therapies and cognitive approaches to lessen risks as well as to reduce exacerbations, that the patient with COPD is able to potentially experience a reasonable quality of life.
Electrical discharge induced luminescence of solids at low temperatures

Abstract Luminescence of condensed nitrogen-oxygen-argon systems at low temperatures has been excited by ac and dc discharge techniques. Typical atomic and molecular spectra obtained by these methods are described. The structure and wavelengths of the β line group attributed to trapped oxygen atoms ( 1 S → 1 D ) and the wavelengths of the A and Vegard-Kaplan band systems are compared in nitrogen and argon matrices. In argon a line group interpreted as the 1 S → 3 P atomic oxygen transition has been observed. The principal mechanism of excitation under the conditions employed appears to be ion-electron bombardment of the deposited solid.
Three-dimensional image-guided fluorescence using boundary element method and dual reciprocity method

A boundary element method with dual reciprocity method (BEM-DRM) was used to model fluorescence in tissue using coupled diffusion equations in 3D. This method eliminates the need for node connectivity in a volume mesh of arbitrary shapes, requiring instead, a surface mesh with interior points to model the fluorescence source in 3D. Results using BEM-DRM show agreement with data from open source finite-element based software package NIRFAST7 with mean error difference of 0.08 for optimally chosen support parameter for radial basis functions used.
Comparison of esker morphology and sedimentology with former ice-surface topography, Burroughs Glacier, Alaska

Topographic maps ofthe Burroughs Glacier ice surface and the surrounding land surface from 1948 to 1990 were used to generate subglacial hydraulic head maps and compare esker paths to hydraulic gradients. Hydraulic gradient at the glacier bed is controlled predominantly by ice-surface slope, but it is also influenced by the slope of the glacier bed. Eskers at Burroughs Glacier have been observed forming in subglacial and englacial tunnels. Most of the eskers formed in subglacial stream tunnels oriented parallel to the calculated hydraulic gradient. Where the former ice-surface slope and slope of the bed do not coincide, the relative influence of these factors on esker paths is analyzed. One esker is oriented parallel to the land-surface contours and perpendicular to hydraulic head contours, implying an esker path controlled by the ice-surface slope. In another area, a set of subglacially engorged eskers trends perpendicular to the land contours (directly down the slope of the former glacier bed) and parallels the calculated hydraulic head contours. These eskers formed beneath thin ice in tunnels that were air-filled much of the time, and thus the slope of the glacier bed controlled the esker paths. In a third area where the hydraulic gradient and glacier bed slope in the same direction, a subglacially engorged esker trends down the land slope and the calculated hydraulic gradient Most of the eskers at Burroughs Glacier are
The G protein-coupled receptor GPR4 suppresses ERK activation in a ligand-independent manner.

The lysophospholipids, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC), are bioactive lipid molecules that regulate diverse biological processes. Although the ...
A regenerative hyperpolarization inParamecium

A regenerative hyperpolarization is recorded from the membrane ofParamecium tetraurelia in a Ca solution (Fig. 1). This hyperpolarizing response, triggered by injected inward currents, has a threshold near −60mV and reaches a minimum of about −120mV (Figs. 2, 3). Membrane resistance is much smaller during this response than at rest (Fig. 4). Externally applied K+ or TEA+ inhibits this regenerative response (Figs. 6, 8). Internally applied TEA+ inhibits (Fig. 9) and internally applied K+ facilitates (Fig. 7) this response. These results show that the regenerative hyperpolarization is due to a K efflux and goes toward the Ek. This hyperpolarizing response (called “K-spike”) can be triggered by mechanical stimulation at the posterior region of the cell (Figs. 10, 11). The Ca++ effects and the behavioral consequence of this “K-spike” are discussed.
Renal entactin (nidogen): isolation, characterization and tissue distribution.

Renal entactin (nidogen): Isolation, characterization and tissue distribution. Entactin/nidogen (E/N) was isolated from bovine renal tubular basement membrane. Apparent molecular weight, amino acid composition, and molecular configuration by electron microscopy rotary shadowing were similar to that of nidogen from EHS mouse tumor. The identity of bovine E/N was confirmed using a thrombin derived peptide, the sequence of which corresponded to a region within mouse and human E/N. Monoclonal and polyclonal anti-E/N antibodies were used to determine the distribution of E/N in human kidney by immunofluo-rescent and immunoelectron microscopy. E/N was present in all renal basement membranes and was distributed through the full width of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with accentuation along its epithelial aspects. E/N distribution was similar to that of novel collagen chain α3(IV) NC domain in the GBM. In the mesangium, E/N was distributed mainly in the peripheral mesangial region that is bounded by the GBM, while classical collagen chain α1(IV) NC as present diffusely throughout the mesangium. In the developing nephron, E/N was present in basement membranes of the ureteric bud, primitive vesicle and S-form. In all instances, E/N co-localized with laminin B2 chain. Prominent E/N detection within the mesangium was observed in diseases where mesangial expansion was present. This process was also seen in early diabetic nephropathy, but disappeared with disease progression. However, all thickened diabetic renal basement membranes showed an increase in E/N which was also present in Kimmel-stiel-Wilson lesions. E/N was observed in the GBM "spikes" of membranous glomerulonephritis and in epithelial crescents associated with various disorders. The association between E/N, laminin and type IV collagen chains observed in the normal kidney were maintained in disorders with altered E/N distribution. We could not detect any changes in the distribution of E/N in other acquired and hereditary kidney diseases. These observations reflect the involvement of E/N in the structure and disease alteration of renal basement membranes and mesangial matrix.
B cell antigen receptor signalling links biochemical changes in the class II peptide-loading compartment to enhanced processing

In B cells, processing of antigens in the context of MHC class II molecules is initiated by the binding of antigen to the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). BCR-mediated processing is highly efficient, as a consequence of the BCR's linked roles of delivering antigen to the class II peptide-loading compartment and of signaling for increased antigen-processing activity. Evidence is emerging that receptor signaling regulates intracellular transport through the activities of kinases. These in turn have been implicated in the regulation of small mol. wt GTPases which govern membrane transport. Therefore, we investigated the changes in the phosphoprotein and GTPase profiles associated with the class II peptide-loading compartment following BCR cross-linking. We first show that protein kinase inhibitors, known to block BCR signal transduction, inhibit BCR-enhanced antigen processing, demonstrating the critical dependence of enhanced processing on the signaling activity of the BCR. Consistent with this observation, the phosphoprotein profile of the class II peptide-loading compartment underwent rapid and transient changes following BCR cross-linking. We also observed a marked increase in the low mol. wt GTPases associated with the class II peptide-loading compartment within 5 min of BCR cross-linking. The observed changes in both the phosphoprotein and GTPase profiles associated with the peptide-loading compartment were blocked by kinase inhibitors and were not accompanied by overall gross changes in the protein composition of the subcellular compartments. Thus, signal cascades initiated by BCR cross-linking at the plasma membrane are translated into changes in specific subsets of regulatory proteins associated with the peptide-loading compartment.
PPI deficit induced by amphetamine is attenuated by the histamine H1 antagonist pyrilamine, but is exacerbated by the serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist ketanserin

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is a classic model of sensorimotor gating. Robust PPI impairments can be induced by dopamine agonists such as the indirect agonist amphetamine. The antipsychotic clozapine can attenuate PPI impairment induced by dopamine agonists. Clozapine is a complex drug with antagonistic effects on a variety of receptors, including serotonin and histamine. The relative contribution of its component actions to its efficacy is still unclear. To better characterize the role of histamine and serotonin receptors in the modulation of PPI in rats, we studied the effects of the H1 histamine antagonist pyrilamine (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) on amphetamine-induced (1 mg/kg) PPI deficits (Experiment 1); and the interaction of pyrilamine (20 mg/kg) with the 5-HT2 antagonist ketanserin (1 and 2 mg/kg) on the amphetamine-induced PPI disruption (Experiment 2). Tactile startle stimuli consisted of 30 PSI air-puffs. Three acoustic prepulse intensity levels were used: 68, 71, and 77 dB, presented on a 65-dB background noise. In both experiments, all animals received all drug doses and combinations with different counterbalanced orders. Pyrilamine (20 mg/kg) was effective in counteracting the PPI impairment caused by amphetamine administration, whereas ketanserin exacerbated the amphetamine-induced PPI deficit. Based on its ability to reverse amphetamine-induced PPI deficits, blockade of histamine H1 receptors seems to contribute to the therapeutic effect of the antipsychotic clozapine. Serotonin 5-HT2-receptor blockade, though, does not appear to contribute to this effect, and may in fact detract from it.
Determination of vitamin A palmitate in cereal products using supercritical fluid extraction and liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Abstract Vitamin A palmitate (retinol hexadecanoate, retinol palmitate) was extracted from cereal products using supercritical CO2 at 55 MPa and 60°C. Quantitative extraction required only 20 min. Retinol palmitate in the extract was determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) using an oxidative mode electrochemical detector with a glassy carbon electrode polarized at + 1.2 V vs. saturated calomel electrode. The LC run time was 12 min. The detection limit was 0.17 ng for a 20 μl injection, and response was linear over at least three orders of magnitude. For corn, wheat and oat cereals fortified with retinol palmitate at four levels in the 10–125 μg/g range, the overall average recovery was 95% with an overall R.S.D. of 5%. For a wheat sample spiked at three levels in the 25–100 μg/g level, the within-day average recovery was 101% with 3% R.S.D., and the between-day recovery was 100% with 6% R.S.D. Sample lipid in the form of added soybean oil had no adverse effect on the extraction of the LC. The method was applied to commercial breakfast cereals. Co-extractants from the samples elute well before the retinol palmitate peak.
Primary and secondary cardioneuropathies and their functional significance

For most functions of the heart its nerves are as important as its coronary arteries, but this is particularly true concerning cardiac rhythm, conduction and repolarization. It is thus paradoxical that postmortem correlative studies of sudden death virtually always include careful scrutiny of the coronary arteries but only rarely of the cardiac nerves or ganglia. In this review, abnormalities of the cardiac nerves and ganglia, collectively termed cardioneuropathies, are examined from the dual standpoint of their structural appearance and functional significance. Some cardioneuropathies are found in the absence of any other significant structural abnormality detectable in the heart and these are designated as primary cardioneuropathies. A viral etiology or some heritable disorder must rank high among possible causes. Secondary cardioneuropathies are those observed in association with almost every disease that can affect the heart; examples include myocardial infarction, infections, amyloidosis and cancer, but there are many others. Because abnormalities of the heart's nerves and ganglia not only have their own unstabilizing influence on cardiac electrical activity but can also profoundly alter a patient's responses to pharmacologic treatment, it is hoped that future clinicopathologic examinations will more often include their careful study and thereby add to our meager knowledge about these important structures.
Effects of problem definition and formulation on decision making in the social problem-solving process

The present study investigated the effects of training in D'Zurilla and Goldfried's (1971) method for defining and formulating socially oriented problems on the ability of subjects to choose effective solutions for such problems. Also, the investigation replicated the results of a previous study which found support for the efficacy of D'Zurilla and Goldfried's utility model of decision making. Three groups of college student subjects were given different levels of instruction in problem definition and formulation (PDF): (1) specific, detailed training in PDF, (2) general guidelines for PDF, and (3) no instruction in PDF. Half the subjects in each group were also given training in decision making (DM) and the other half received no instruction in DM. The hypotheses were confirmed: Instruction in both PDF and DM independently enhanced decision-making effectiveness. For subjects who were not trained in DM, specific training in PDF also resulted in significantly better decisions than merely teaching the general guidelines for PDF, but not for the subjects who were trained in DM. The possible reasons for this differential effect were discussed.
Development of an in Vitro Model for Investigating the Formation of the Nuclear Ah Receptor Complex in Mouse Hepa 1c1c7 Cells

Abstract An in vitro assay for investigating factors which modulate formation of the nuclear aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor complex was developed using 9S cytosolic Ah receptor isolated from wild-type Hepa 1c1c7 cells treated with 2,3,7,8-[ 3 H]tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) at 4°C and nuclei from Ah-responsive and -nonresponsive wild-type and mutant Hepa 1c1c7 cells. Incubation of the radiolabeled ([ 3 H]TCDD) 9S cytosolic Ah receptor with nuclei from untreated wild-type Ah-responsive mouse Hepa 1c1c7 cells resulted in a time- and temperature-dependent formation of the nuclear Ah receptor complex as determined by either velocity sedimentation analysis or gel mobility shift assays using a consensus 32 P-labeled dioxin-responsive element. Maximal levels of the nuclear Ah receptor formed within 30 min at 37°C and significantly lower levels were observed after incubation at 4, 15, or 25°C. Complementation studies using nuclei from untreated wild-type and Ah-nonrespensive class II mutant (translocation-deficient) cells and radiolabeled 9S cytosolic receptor (bound with [ 3 H]TCDD) from both wild-type and mutant cell lines were also carried out. The results indicated that nuclear translocation was primarily inhibited using cytosol from mutant cells confirming the requirement for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein for formation of the nuclear Ah receptor complex. The effects of a series of Ah receptor antagonists, ATP, vanadate apyrase, phosphatases, and lectin WGA, on formation of the nuclear Ah receptor complex were also investigated in the in vitro model using radiolabeled cytosolic Ah receptor and nuclei from untreated wild-type Hepa 1c1c7 cells. α-Naphthoflavone, ribonuclease, lectin WGA, vanadate, acid and alkaline phosphatase, and apyrase inhibited and ATP enhanced formation of the nuclear Ah re-ceptor complex. The results also show that TCDD-induced transformation of the Ah receptor was inhibited by α-naphthoflavone but not by ATP, lectin WGA, or apyrase. These data suggest that the cytosolic Ah receptor is required for phosphorylation prior to ligand binding and ATP is required for energy-dependent nuclear import of the Ah receptor.
Participation in a dual economy and adjustment to retirement

Past studies of adjustment to retirement have generally accepted social structure as a given, and have instead focused upon individual level variables. Based upon criticisms of the white-collar/blue-collar depiction of the work world, an alternative model of the economic system is introduced in an attempt to interject variability in the area of social structure. Utilizing a national sample of men derived from the National Opinion Research Center (1972-1977 inclusive), this dual economic model is employed to assess the effects of sectorial placement of workers on subsequent retirement satisfaction. Findings from multiple regression analysis suggest that such placement renders two qualitatively different groups of retirees, one which is primarily concerned with health, and one for which financial adequacy is more important for retirement adjustment. Overall, it was concluded that structural components must be included in research on the retirement process. In addition, the variability among the different scales used to indicate adjustment to retirement suggests that these may have to be altered to adequately reflect the process of adjustment for each of the groups of retirees. These changes must be based on the structural aspects of the economic order which mandate very different work experiences.
Arginine vasopressin: the future of pressure-support resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock.

Abstract Background Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a key player in maintaining the intravascular volume and pressure during hemorrhagic shock. During the past 2 decades, animal studies, case reports, and reviews have documented the minimized blood loss and improved perfusion pressures in those receiving pressure support with AVP. Materials and methods A PubMed search of studies was conducted with the terms: “AVP,” “arginine vasopressin,” “antidiuretic hormone,” “hemorrhagic shock,” “hemorrhage,” “circulatory shock,” “fluid resuscitation,” “trauma,” “massive transfusion protocol,” “physiology,” “cerebral,” “renal,” “cardiac,” “perfusion,” “dose,” and “hypotension.” The studies were located by a search of a combination of these terms. Also, within-PubMed citations relating to the studies gathered from the initial search were explored. Reports discussing vasopressin in hemorrhagic states were considered. No predetermined limit was used to choose or exclude articles. Results AVP is an important hormone in osmoregulation and blood pressure. During stress, such as hemorrhage, the levels have been shown to rapidly decrease. Furthermore numerous animal studies and limited human studies have shown that circulatory support with AVP is linked to improved outcomes. No large human prospective studies are available to guide its use at present, but some of its effectiveness seems to lie in its ability to increase calcium sensitivity in acidotic environs, thereby allowing for more effective maintenance of vascular tone than catecholamines. It also redirects blood from the periphery, creating a steal syndrome, and increases the oxygen supply to vital organs, minimizing blood loss, and allowing additional time for surgical repair. Conclusions With these encouraging data, there is hope that “pressure support” will be the “resuscitation” considered necessary for a patient’s optimum survival.
The solubility of gases in liquids 6. Solubility of N2, O2, CO, CO2, CH4, and CF4 in methylcyclohexane and toluene at 283 to 313 K

Abstract The solubilities of N2, O2, CO, CO2, CH4, and CF4 in methylcyclohexane and toluene have been determined at 1 atm pressure in the range 283 to 313 K. The solubility, Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solution for 1 atm partial pressure of gas and 298.15 K have been calculated from the experimental results. These values have been compared with the results obtained through application of the scaled particle theory to gas solubilities. Agreement is generally good. This theory is also used to discuss the different behavior of alicyclic and aromatic solvents with respect to gas solubility.
A connectionless approach to mobile ad hoc networks in street environments

In this paper we adapt an earlier work called connectionless approach to mobile ad hoc network (CLA) to vehicular ad hoc networks in a city environment with fast moving nodes (e.g., vehicles on streets) and large obstacles (e.g., office buildings). Fast moving nodes result in frequent topology changes. Large buildings surrounded by relative narrow streets allow only a short window of communication among nodes (meaning established hop-by-hop routes do not last long). Large buildings also obstruct straight line paths between nodes (meaning selection of closest nodes or nodes on straight line geographical path would not work). We propose a protocol that can relay data around obstacles, can quickly adapt to topology change, can utilize short communication windows, and can provide multiple communicating paths to the destination.
Modeling and flight testing of wing shaping for roll control of an unmanned aerial vehicle

In this paper, an approach is described to implement autonomous (waypoint tracking) flight in a testbed airframe, which uses wing twist for roll control. These flights were performed using an exist...
Modifying the Acute Phase Response of Jersey Calves by Supplementing Milk Replacer with Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Fish Oil

Fifty-one Jersey bull calves (5 ± 1 d old) were assigned to 1 of 3 milk replacers to determine the effects of increasing doses of n-3 fatty acids from fish oil on the acute phase response after an endotoxin challenge. All calves were fed a 22.5% crude protein and 18% lipid milk replacer (Calva Products, Acampo, CA) supplemented with an additional 2% fatty acids. Treatments differed only in the supplemental lipid source and included a 3:1 mix of corn and canola oils, a 1:1 blend of fish oil (Omega Proteins, Houston, TX) and the 3:1 mix of corn and canola oils, and fish oil only. On d 23, each calf was injected subcutaneously with 4 μg/kg of body weight of Salmonella Typhimurium endotoxin. Clinical, hematological, and biochemical parameters were measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 72 h post endotoxin challenge. Endotoxin caused a dramatic rise in respiratory rate; feeding fish oil significantly attenuated the increase. Heart rate and rectal temperature were not affected by treatment. Feeding fish oil attenuated the change in serum iron concentration over time. Endotoxin caused severe hypoglycemia, reaching a nadir at 4 h. Calves supplemented with fish oil had reduced concentrations of serum glucose for 8 to 24 h. Furthermore, calves supplemented with fish oil alone had reduced serum insulin at 12, 28, and 24 h. In contrast, endotoxin caused an acute increase in blood urea nitrogen and nonesterified fatty acids; there were significant linear effects of fish oil on both blood urea nitrogen and nonesterified fatty acids. Serum triglycerides were elevated beginning at 12 h after the endotoxin challenge and returned to baseline values within 72 h. Fish oil suppressed the rise in triglycerides during this period, and the effect was linear with increasing fish oil. Serum concentrations of leptin decreased after the endotoxin challenge; however, the treatment did not influence the response. There was no treatment effect on serum aspartate aminotransferase or lactate dehydrogenase activity. Adding fish oil to milk replacer attenuated many aspects of the acute phase response, and the effect was linear in the range of 5 to 10% of the lipid replaced as fatty acids from fish oil. Adding fish oil might provide a better balance between a necessary versus an excessive acute phase response.
Corrective Reading as a Supplementary Curriculum for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders.

Reading deficits among students with emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) are well documented. One approach to addressing these deficits has been providing students with intensive and explicit reading instruction. In this study, 31 students with E/BD and reading deficits in self-contained settings were provided with 8 weeks of Corrective Reading plus Language! instruction following a 4-week baseline phase with Language! instruction only. Standardized Reading Fluency, Comprehension, Word Attack, and Letter-Word Identification subtests and general reading achievement results yielded statistically significant reading growth. Weekly oral reading fluency rates grew at a rate of 1.592 words per week during the baseline phase and 3.563 words per week during the intervention phase. Reading achievement gains were consistent across settings (self-contained classrooms and self-contained schools) and the Corrective Reading intervention was perceived as effective and beneficial to teachers and students. Limitatio...
Incubation and traces of incubation in the biblical narrative

This article examines the phenomenon of incubation. In the ancient world people would go to sacred places, offer sacrifices to God, and fall asleep hoping that God will visit them in a dream. The dream was supposed to give the subject advice and guidance. This type of dream is called an incubation dream. Solomon's dream at Gibeon and Jacob's vision at Beer Sheba are good examples of incubation dreams (1 Kgs 3 : 4-15; Gen 46 : 1-7). However, there are several passages which have been alleged to be incubation dreams (Num 22-24; Isa 65 : 4; Gen 15; 1 Sam 3). Hence, we will see if, indeed, they fit our definition of an incubation dream.
Evaluation of the Aromatase Inhibition Potential of Freeze-Dried Grape Powder.

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the role of freeze-dried grapes as a potential aromatase inhibitor by testing of plasma hormone levels. Methods: A six-week study was conducted involving postmenopausal women during which 94 g of freeze-dried grape powder was consumed in addition to their usual diet. Plasma hormones were measured before and after the treatment. Results: Of the 18 women involved in the study, average age and body mass index were 61.4 years and 24.4 respectively. For the hormone levels studied, the following median (interquartile range) percentage changes from baseline to six-week values were found: estradiol +11.8% (−34.4%, +44.2%), p = .42; estrone +3.4% (−15.7%, +12.9%), p = .64; estrone sulfate +5.3% (−19.9%, +56.3%), p = .35; testosterone −1.5% (−14.7%, +10.7%), p = .97; and androstenedione +12.6% (−17.1%, +49.1%), p = .15. The hormone levels did not significantly change between baseline and six weeks. Further, the changes that were observed did not tend to go in the hypothesized directi...
Global Climate Niche Estimates for Bioenergy Crops and Invasive Species of Agronomic Origin: Potential Problems and Opportunities

The global push towards a more biomass-based energy sector is ramping up efforts to adopt regionally appropriate high-yielding crops. As potential bioenergy crops are being moved around the world an assessment of the climatic suitability would be a prudent first step in identifying suitable areas of productivity and risk. Additionally, this assessment also provides a necessary step in evaluating the invasive potential of bioenergy crops, which present a possible negative externality to the bioeconomy. Therefore, we provide the first global climate niche assessment for the major graminaceous (9), herbaceous (3), and woody (4) bioenergy crops. Additionally, we contrast these with climate niche assessments for North American invasive species that were originally introduced for agronomic purposes as examples of well-intentioned introductions gone awry. With few exceptions (e.g., Saccharum officinarum, Pennisetum purpureum), the bioenergy crops exhibit broad climatic tolerance, which allows tremendous flexibility in choosing crops, especially in areas with high summer rainfall and long growing seasons (e.g., southeastern US, Amazon Basin, eastern Australia). Unsurprisingly, the invasive species of agronomic origin have very similar global climate niche profiles as the proposed bioenergy crops, also demonstrating broad climatic tolerance. The ecoregional evaluation of bioenergy crops and known invasive species demonstrates tremendous overlap at both high (EI≥30) and moderate (EI≥20) climate suitability. The southern and western US ecoregions support the greatest number of invasive species of agronomic origin, especially the Southeastern USA Plains, Mixed Woods Plains, and Mediterranean California. Many regions of the world have a suitable climate for several bioenergy crops allowing selection of agro-ecoregionally appropriate crops. This model knowingly ignores the complex biotic interactions and edaphic conditions, but provides a robust assessment of the climate niche, which is valuable for agronomists, crop developers, and regulators seeking to choose agro-ecoregionally appropriate crops while minimizing the risk of invasive species.
Efficient Multi-Pass Decoding for Synchronous Context Free Grammars

We take a multi-pass approach to machine translation decoding when using synchronous context-free grammars as the translation model and n-gram language models: the first pass uses a bigram language model, and the resulting parse forest is used in the second pass to guide search with a trigram language model. The trigram pass closes most of the performance gap between a bigram decoder and a much slower trigram decoder, but takes time that is insignificant in comparison to the bigram pass. An additional fast decoding pass maximizing the expected count of correct translation hypotheses increases the BLEU score significantly.
Evaluation of methods to fully saturate carbon foam with paraffin wax phase change material for energy storage

In this work, the effect of infiltration method on the saturation rate of paraffin phase change material within graphite foams is experimentally investigated. Graphite foams infiltrated with paraffin have been found to be effective for energy storage, but it is difficult to completely saturate the foam with paraffin. In this work, two methods are used to infiltrate the foam: a simple submersion technique and a vacuum infiltration technique. The effect of the infiltration method on the paraffin saturation rate is found to be significant with the vacuum system yielding better results.
Revisiting the optimality of the cμ-rule with Stochastic Flow Models

We revisit, in the context of Stochastic Flow Models (SFMs), a classic scheduling problem for optimally allocating a resource to multiple competing users. For the two-user case, we establish the optimality of the well-known cμ-rule for arbitrary stochastic processes using calculus of variations arguments as well as an Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis (IPA) approach. The latter allows us to derive an explicit sensitivity estimate of the cost function with respect to a controllable parameter and to further study the problem when the cost function is nonlinear, deriving simple distribution-free cost sensitivity estimates and analyzing why the cμ-rule may fail in this case.
Nanogranular Origins of the Strength of Bone

Here, we investigate the ultrastructural origins of the strength of bone, which is critical for proper physiological function. A combination of dual nanoindentation, three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis using a Mohr-Coulomb cohesive-frictional strength criterion, and angle of repose measurements was employed. Our results suggest that nanogranular friction between mineral particles is responsible for increased yield resistance in compression relative to tension and that cohesion originates from within the organic matrix itself, rather than organic−mineral bonding.
Peptide-amphiphile nanofibers: A versatile scaffold for the preparation of self-assembling materials

Twelve derivatives of peptide-amphiphile molecules, designed to self-assemble into nanofibers, are described. The scope of amino acid selection and alkyl tail modification in the peptide-amphiphile molecules are investigated, yielding nanofibers varying in morphology, surface chemistry, and potential bioactivity. The results demonstrate the chemically versatile nature of this supramolecular system and its high potential for manufacturing nanomaterials. In addition, three different modes of self-assembly resulting in nanofibers are described, including pH control, divalent ion induction, and concentration.