cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OX40-Mediated Memory T Cell Generation Is TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 Dependent

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), an adapter protein that associates with the cytoplasmic tail of OX40, may play a critical role in OX40-mediated signal transduction. To investigate the in vivo role of TRAF2 in OX40-mediated generation of Ag-specific memory T cells, we bred OVA-specific TCR transgenic mice to TRAF2 dominant-negative (TRAF2 DN) mice. Following Ag stimulation and OX40 engagement of TRAF2 DN T cells in vivo, the number of long-lived OVA-specific T cells and effector T cell function was dramatically reduced when compared with wild-type T cells. We also demonstrate that CTLA-4 is down-regulated following OX40 engagement in vivo and the OX40-specific TRAF2 DN defect was partially overcome by CTLA-4 blockade in vivo. The data provide evidence that TRAF2 is linked to OX40-mediated memory T cell expansion and survival, and point to the down-regulation of CTLA-4 as a possible control element to enhance early T cell expansion through OX40 signaling.
Co-seismic slip from the 1995 July 30 Mw= 8.1 Antofagasta, Chile, earthquake as constrained by InSAR and GPS observations

SUMMARY We analyse radar interferometric and GPS observations of the displacement field from the 1995 July 30 Mw = 8.1 Antofagasta, Chile, earthquake and invert for the distribution of slip along the co-seismic fault plane. Using a fixed fault geometry, we compare the use of singular-value decomposition and constrained linear inversion to invert for the slip distribution and find that the latter approach is better resolved and more physically reasonable. Separate inversions using only GPS data, only InSAR data from descending orbits, and InSAR data from both ascending and descending orbits without the GPS data illustrate the complimentary nature of GPS and the presently available InSAR data. The GPS data resolve slip near GPS benchmarks well, while the InSAR provides greater spatial sampling. The combination of ascending and descending InSAR data contributes greatly to the ability of InSAR to resolve the slip model, thereby emphasizing the need to acquire this data for future earthquakes. The rake, distribution of slip and seismic moment of our preferred model are generally consistent with previous seismic and geodetic inversions, although significant differences do exist. GPS data projected in the radar line-of-sight (LOS) and corresponding InSAR pixels have a root mean square (rms) difference of about 3 cm. Comparison of our predictions of vertical displacement and observed uplift from corraline algae have an rms of 10 cm. Our inversion and previous results reveal that the location of slip might be influenced by the 1987 Mw = 7.5 event. Our analysis further reveals that the 1995 slip distribution was affected by a 1988 Mw = 7.2 event, and might have influenced a 1998 Mw = 7.0 earthquake that occurred downdip of the 1995 rupture. Our slip inversion reveals a potential change in mechanism in the southern portion of the rupture, consistent with seismic results. Predictions of the satellite LOS displacement from a seismic inversion and a joint seismic/GPS inversion do not compare favourably with the InSAR observations.
Goals in social information processing: The case of anticipated interaction.

Examined the role of anticipated-interaction instructions on memory for and organization of social information. In Study 1, Ss read and recalled information about a prospective partner (i.e., target) on a problem-solving task and about 4 other stimulus people. The results indicated that (a) Ss recalled more items about the target than the others, (b) the target was individuated from the others in memory, and (c) Ss were more accurate on a name-item matching task for the target than for the others. Study 2 compared anticipated interaction with several other processing goals (i.e., memory, impression formation, self-comparison, friend-comparison). Only anticipated-interaction and impression formation instructions led to higher levels of recall and more accurate matching performance for the target than for the others. However, the conditional probability data suggest that anticipated interaction led to higher levels of organization of target information than did any of the other conditions. Discussion considers information processing strategies that are possibly instigated by anticipated-interaction instructions. Imagine that you are attending your first day of classes, and students are nervously and excitedly introducing themselves to each other. On this occasion, you spot your "dream date." Although there are several people around, the prospective date may take on particular importance to you because you hope to have future interactions with him or her. The importance assigned to the dream date may affect what you remember about him or her and about the other students in the class and how that information is organized in memory. Alternatively, imagine that you are interviewing a job candidate. The very real possibility of future interaction with this person may influence how you think about this person, what you remember about him or her, and how you organize that information. These examples suggest that the goals individuals bring to bear on social situations may have an important effect on their perceptions of and memory for others. The present research, with its focus on how goals affect social information processing, reflects the renewed interest in the interaction between motivation and cognition in social perception (Neuberg & Fiske, 1987; Sorrentino & Higgins, 1986; Srull & Wyer, 1986). The extant research on goals in person memory, however, focuses primarily
Thoughts About Nursing Science and Nursing Sciencing on the Event of the 25th Anniversary of Nursing Science Quarterly

This paper presents an essay about nursing science and asks readers to consider terminology that will encompass all types of nursing discipline-specific knowledge. The essay was written to acknowledge the 25th anniversary of the founding of Nursing Science Quarterly.
Effects of supplemental fish oil on resting metabolic rate, body composition, and salivary cortisol in healthy adults

To determine the effects of supplemental fish oil (FO) on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, and cortisol production in healthy adults. A total of 44 men and women (34 ± 13y, mean+SD) participated in the study. All testing was performed first thing in the morning following an overnight fast. Baseline measurements of RMR were measured using indirect calorimetry using a facemask, and body composition was measured using air displacement plethysmography. Saliva was collected via passive drool and analyzed for cortisol concentration using ELISA. Following baseline testing, subjects were randomly assigned in a double blind manner to one of two groups: 4 g/d of Safflower Oil (SO); or 4 g/d of FO supplying 1,600 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 800 mg/d docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). All tests were repeated following 6 wk of treatment. Pre to post differences were analyzed using a treatment X time repeated measures ANOVA, and correlations were analyzed using Pearson's r. Compared to the SO group, there was a significant increase in fat free mass following treatment with FO (FO = +0.5 ± 0.5 kg, SO = -0.1 ± 1.2 kg, p = 0.03), a significant reduction in fat mass (FO = -0.5 ± 1.3 kg, SO = +0.2 ± 1.2 kg, p = 0.04), and a tendency for a decrease in body fat percentage (FO = -0.4 ± 1.3% body fat, SO = +0. 3 ± 1.5% body fat, p = 0.08). No significant differences were observed for body mass (FO = 0.0 ± 0.9 kg, SO = +0.2 ± 0.8 kg), RMR (FO = +17 ± 260 kcal, SO = -62 ± 184 kcal) or respiratory exchange ratio (FO = -0.02 ± 0.09, SO = +0.02 ± 0.05). There was a tendency for salivary cortisol to decrease in the FO group (FO = -0.064 ± 0.142 μg/dL, SO = +0.016 ± 0.272 μg/dL, p = 0.11). There was a significant correlation in the FO group between change in cortisol and change in fat free mass (r = -0.504, p = 0.02) and fat mass (r = 0.661, p = 0.001). 6 wk of supplementation with FO significantly increased lean mass and decreased fat mass. These changes were significantly correlated with a reduction in salivary cortisol following FO treatment.
Evidence for multiple uterine modulators of rabbit luteal function: the effect of hysterectomy during pseudopregnancy in the estrogen-treated rabbit.

Previous studies show that hysterectomy on Day 1 of pseudopregnancy prolongs serum progesterone secretion in estrogen-treated pseudopregnant rabbits. These studies were undertaken to determine the day of pseudopregnancy when uterine factors are released to alter luteal function. When hysterectomies were performed on either Day 5, 8, 10, or 13 of pseudopregnancy, serum progesterone concentrations were greater than 10 ng/ml between Days 18 and 27 of pseudopregnancy compared to levels of approximately 4 ng/ml in sham-hysterectomized rabbits on these same days. In contrast, serum progesterone levels were not elevated when hysterectomies were performed on Day 11 of pseudopregnancy and were only partially maintained when hysterectomies were performed on Day 12 of pseudopregnancy. Twice daily injections of prolactin (1.5 mg, s.c.) between Days 1 and 33 of pseudopregnancy were unable to mimic the effect of estradiol in the hysterectomized rabbit. Twice daily injections of indomethacin (8 mg/kg, s.c.) between Days 6 and 23 of pseudopregnancy lowered uterine and luteal prostaglandin F2 alpha levels approximately 10-fold on Day 24 of pseudopregnancy but did not maintain progesterone secretion. Serum cholesterol levels were not altered by hysterectomy on any day and were thus not related to the maintenance of progesterone production. These results suggest that the uterus produces both inhibitory and stimulatory factors that effect luteal progesterone secretion. First, an inhibitor is released between Days 10 and 11 of pseudopregnancy in estrogen-treated rabbits that prevents the rabbit corpus luteum from responding to estradiol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DNA microarray technology: devices, systems, and applications.

▪ Abstract In this review, recent advances in DNA microarray technology and their applications are examined. The many varieties of DNA microarray or DNA chip devices and systems are described along with their methods for fabrication and their use. This includes both high-density microarrays for high-throughput screening applications and lower-density microarrays for various diagnostic applications. The methods for microarray fabrication that are reviewed include various inkjet and microjet deposition or spotting technologies and processes, in situ or on-chip photolithographic oligonucleotide synthesis processes, and electronic DNA probe addressing processes. The DNA microarray hybridization applications reviewed include the important areas of gene expression analysis and genotyping for point mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and short tandem repeats (STRs). In addition to the many molecular biological and genomic research uses, this review covers applications of microarray devices and sys...
Pair production in hydrogen and the Panofsky ratio

Observations are reported of some 1600 pair and triplet production events in which the conversion occurs in the hydrogen filling of a 10-inch bubble chamber. The γ’s responsible for the events are all identified as originating from charge exchange and radiative capture reactions of π-mesons stopping in the same bubble chamber. The number of π− stops, the number of pairs and triplets separated as to source, along with a Monte Carlo calculation of geometrical factors, allows a determination of the Panofsky ratio and the constantAtrip in the assumed form of the triplet cross-section σtrip. The results areP=1.590±0.089 for the Panofsky ratio andAtrip=(109±5.4)/9. The best theoretical estimate forAtrip is 105/9 with an uncertainty of about 5/9.
Nonlinear Youla parametrization and information constraints for decentralized control

We present a generalization of the Youla parametrization for discrete-time nonlinear systems, and give conditions when a constrained set of controllers and a set of Youla parameters correspond to each other. In addition, our approach applies in cases where the signal spaces are not linear spaces, and so covers many discrete and hybrid systems not previously amenable to this approach. We then apply these results to information constraints in decentralized control, giving a generalization of the partial nesting condition.
Miranda v. Arizona: 50 Years of Judges Regulating Police Interrogation

This article commemorates the 50th anniversary of Miranda v. Arizona (1966) by examining the history, meaning, and impact of the Miranda rule. The article's main audience is teachers of history, civics, government, social studies, and law at the high school and college levels. The article, however, also would be an effective introduction or review resource on Miranda for law students and legal professionals.
A Fluid-Structure Coupled Computational Framework for Fluid-Induced Failure and Fracture

This work extends and generalizes a recently developed fluid-structure coupled computational framework to model and simulate fluid-induced failure and fracture. In particular, a novel surface representation approach is proposed to represent a fractured fluid-structure interface in the context of embedded boundary method. This approach is generic in the sense that it is applicable to many different computational fracture models and methods, including the element deletion (ED) technique and the extended finite element method (XFEM). Two three-dimensional model problems are presented to demonstrate the salient features of the computational framework, and to compare the performance of ED and XFEM in the context of fluid-induced failure and fracture.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Societal Trust and the Liquidity of ADRs

Using a unique research design, this paper examines how the level of trust in various countries affects liquidity in financial markets. In particular, we examine various measures of market liquidity in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) while conditioning on the level of trust in the ADR’s home country, which we approximate with perceived corruption and the level of interpersonal trust. Multivariate tests show that as home-country levels of trust increase, ADR liquidity is dramatically improved. To draw stronger causal inferences, we use a difference-in-difference approach to examine liquidity surrounding an (arguably) exogenous reduction in trust and find that liquidity worsens in response to the event. These results support our hypothesis that trust is an important determinant in the liquidity of financial markets.
Planning Models with Alternative Cooling Systems

Two approaches are presented for incorporating alternative cooling techologies into mathematical programming models for use in planning energy and water-resources systems. The first approach allows a constant water requirement per unit power output for each cooling alternative; simple linear relationships result, and they can easily be incorporated into any linear allocation-location model. This model is demonstrated for Illinois. The second approach allows the water requirement to vary for each of the different cooling alternatives. A nonlinear model is produced, and a practical separable-programming method is suggested for solving it. This method is demonstrated for a 14-county region in Illinois.
Gluck's Alceste in Bologna: Production and Performance at the Teatro Comunale, 1778

In 1778, Bologna's Teatro Comunale mounted a production of Christoph Willibald Gluck's Alceste , the composer's pathbreaking masterpiece of Viennese operatic reform from 1767. A hitherto unexplored exemplar of the libretto printed for the Bolognese production bears extensive manuscript annotations in the hand of Antonio Montefani, the stage director, that provide detailed evidence for the production's staging and technical components. When examined with related sources, including Montefani's notes from a rehearsal or early performance; his correspondence with Ranieri de' Calzabigi, the librettist; and exchanges involving Gluck, Padre Giambattista Martini, Giambattista Mancini, and the Bolognese impresario during the production's planning stages, a vivid image of the Bolognese production emerges. Montefani managed to preserve most of Alceste 's innovative features—choruses and dances integrated within the scenes as well as complex staging of diverse groups of individuals—even when forced to compromise with Giuseppe Canziani, the production's choreographer. These difficult collaborations, involving interactions within networks of creative personnel both local and long-distance, demonstrate the practical and logistical problems reform opera posed for Italian theaters accustomed to conventional opera seria and the creative solutions offered by one of eighteenth-century Italy's leading cultural centers.
Synthesis of opacity-enforcing insertion functions that can be publicly known

Our prior work has studied the enforcement of opacity, a security property, using insertion functions that insert fictitious events at the output of the system, thereby preventing an intruder from inferring the given system's secret. The insertion functions previously considered enforce opacity under the assumption that the intruder does not know about the implementation of the insertion function. In this paper, we relax that assumption and consider a stronger class of insertion functions that enforce opacity whether or not the intruder knows the insertion function. This property is formally characterized as public-and-private enforceability, or PP-enforceability for short. A PP-enforcing insertion function is guaranteed to output only behaviors consistent with the non-secret behaviors of the system and thus it enforces opacity when the intruder has no knowledge of the insertion function (private case). Moreover, a PP-enforcing insertion function guarantees that the intruder can never infer the occurrence of the secret, even when the intruder knows the exact implementation of the insertion function (public case). We characterize the property of PP-enforceability and present an algorithm that provably synthesizes a PP-enforcing insertion function.
Impulsive fractional-order neural networks with time-varying delays: almost periodic solutions

In this paper, we study the problems of existence and global asymptotic stability of almost periodic solutions for a cellular neural network of fractional order with time-varying delays and impulses. The impulses are realized at fixed moments of time and can be considered as a control. The main results are obtained by employing the fractional Lyapunov method and fractional comparison principle.
Digital Filter-based Turbulent Inflow Generation for Jet Aeroacoustics on Non-Uniform Structured Grids

Inclusion of the nozzle geometry with a turbulent inflow boundary condition is essential for realistic jet noise simulations. In the current study, a digital filter-based turbulent inflow condition, extended in a new way to non-uniform curvilinear grids, is implemented to achieve this. The proposed method has several key features desirable for jet noise simulations, with some limitations. To validate the method, a quasi-incompressible zeropressure-gradient flat plate turbulent boundary layer is simulated at a high Reynolds number. The boundary layer produced by the current method is shown to agree reasonably well with theory and a recycling-based turbulence injection method. The length of the adjustment region necessary for synthetic inlet turbulence to recover from modeling errors is estimated. A low Reynolds number wall-resolved jet simulation including a round nozzle geometry is performed. The method is shown to be effective in producing sustained turbulence on a non-uniform, non-Cartesian grid at a barely turbulent Reynolds number. The effect of variation of the inlet integral length scales on the recovery of turbulent fluctuations is studied and recommendations are made for choosing these parameters. A possible spurious noise source is identified near the turbulent inlet for the current method. It is shown that this spurious noise does not affect the acoustic field outside of the jet significantly, though it is recommended to attenuate this noise artificially by using a sponge zone.
Language reform and Philosophical imperialism: Another round with Zeno

I wish to take issue with this statement, and will show (i) that the paradoxes not only arise in ordinary language, but that the only genuine solution is a linguistic one based on an analysis of the term 'infinite'; (ii) that this analysis and this solution are not recent innovations of " Oxbridge " philosophy but have a long tradition; (iii) that there are other legitimate interests in the paradoxes--what some wish to call another "solution "; (iv) that these interests or "solutions" are not in conflict unless Philosophical Imperialism enters the picture. By Philosophical Imperialism I mean that all too common tendency to take philosophical methods, doctrines or results from one area of philosophy and uncritically and heavy-handedly use them as applicable to or normative for the whole. I call this "Another Round With Zeno "
Extensions of Waring's Theorem on Nine Cubes

(1927). Extensions of Waring's Theorem on Nine Cubes. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 177-183.
Analysis of Hydroxide Sorbents for CO2 Capture from Warm Syngas

Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) with CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) is a promising technology to efficiently mitigate the emission of CO2. Warm CO2 removal has been predicted to make the CO2 capture process more efficient. Here, we investigate the efficiency penalties associated with CO2 removal via a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process using metal hydroxide sorbents at elevated temperature. We use numerical models constructed in MATLAB and integrate these with Aspen Plus process simulations. We apply these models to both general metal hydroxides of variable enthalpy of adsorption and real metal hydroxides identified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We show that having an enthalpy of adsorption between 15 and 20 kJ/mol results in a PSA process that gives an overall IGCC–CCS efficiency that is competitive with the conventional IGCC–CCS process using (cold) Selexol. An enthalpy of adsorption of 20 kJ/mol is predicted to be the most favorable because it yielded a pro...
Erratum to: Complex management of resistant oral herpes simplex virus infection following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: potential role of topical cidofovir

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection commonly occurs during the immunosuppression associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Prophylaxis of recurrent infection and management of clinical infection have relied upon acyclovir and congeners. More recently, resistant HSV infection is seen in HSCT and presents new challenges in management. We present a case of HSV following HSCT that provided effective symptomatic management. Oral symptoms and lesions were repeatedly reduced when topical cidofovir was used, strongly supporting the effect of cidofovir used in a host who could not tolerate systemic antiviral medications. Topical cidofovir can provide effective management of symptomatic oropharyngeal HSV while reducing risk of systemic toxicity and drug interaction and represents an additional approach to management for management in medically compromised patients.
Nitric oxide modulates the physiological control of ciliary activity in the marine mussel Mytilus edulis via morphine: novel mu opiate receptor splice variants.

Objectives The study sought to determine how dopamine controls ganglionic processes involved with modulating lateral cilia beating via the peripheral branchial nerve. Methods The lateral cilia found on the gill filaments exhibit metachronal ciliary beating determined stroboscopically. Novel opiate receptors were determined pharmacologically and demonstrated by RT-PCR and sequence analysis of total RNA from Mytilus edulis visceral ganglia. Results Dopamine applied to the visceral ganglion inhibits the activity of lateral cilia in a concentration and haloperidol sensitive manner. Morphine or DAMGO significantly enhances ciliary beating in a naloxone sensitive manner, whereas L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, only antagonized morphine's action. SNAP, a nitric oxide donor, also enhanced lateral ciliary beating rates. Supporting the observation, i.e., morphine sensitive nitric oxide enhancement of ciliary beating and DAMGO insensitive, that two different mu opiate receptors are present in this tissue, a 602 bp fragment of the human micro 3 opiate receptor and a 935 bp fragment, designated micro 4 have been demonstrated. Conclusions The lateral epithelium of the gill is innervated by serotonergic, cilioexcitatory neurons and dopaminergic, cilioinhibitory neurons, originating in the visceral ganglion. This data supports previous reports that demonstrate inhibiting ganglionic dopamine release allows the serotonin signals to prevail uncontrolled, enhancing ciliary rates. Supporting the observation that two different mu opiate receptors are present in this tissue, evidence is presented that identifies a 602 bp fragment of the human micro 3 opiate receptor and a 935 bp fragment, designated micro 4. Overall, the data strongly suggests that the two alternatively spliced mu opiate receptors may be involved in the physiological regulation of lateral ciliary activity in the visceral ganglia via dopamine and nitric oxide.
Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy, Sexual Dysfunction, and Urinary Incontinence in Women With Type 1 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated associations among cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), female sexual dysfunction (FSD), and urinary incontinence (UI) in women with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 580 women with T1DM in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC). CAN was defined as: 1 ) R-R variation 2 ) R-R variation of 15–19.9 plus Valsalva ratio ≤1.5 or a supine-to-standing drop of 10 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. A Sandvik Severity Index of 3–12 defined UI, and a Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-R) score ≥22.75 defined FSD. Multivariable models estimated associations among CAN, FSD, and UI. RESULTS At EDIC year 17, FSD was observed in 41% of women and UI in 30%. No statistically significant associations were observed between measures of CAN at DCCT closeout and subsequent report of FSD or UI. At EDIC year 16/17, there was a 53% increased odds of having UI with a Valsalva ratio ≤1.5. At both EDIC year 13/14 and EDIC year 16/17, a 5-unit increase in R-R variation was associated with a 1.11 greater odds of having FSD. CONCLUSIONS In women with T1DM in the DCCT/EDIC, we found significant increased odds of FSD and UI with specific measures of CAN. In long-standing T1DM, CAN may predict development of FSD and may be a useful surrogate for generalized diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
Sterol composition of normal human bile. Effects of feeding shellfish (marine) sterols.

To examine the sterol composition of normal human bile and the effects of dietary components from certain shellfish upon bile composition, we fed 7 subjects diets rich in shellfish for 2 wk following a typical American diet. The total cholesterol, bile acid, and phospholipid, and the individual sterols and bile acids of the bile samples during each dietary period were measured. In the bile of 7 subjects consuming the typical American diet, nine different neutral sterols, in addition to cholesterol, were identified. Similar patterns of these sterols have been found in human gallstones and in plasma after shellfish feeding. The five shellfish sterols (22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-methylene cholesterol, brassicasterol, isof ucosterol, and a C-26 sterol) increased from 0.3% to a total of 5.2% (p
Competition With Atomic Users

We study the efficiency of oligopoly equilibria in a model where firms compete over prices. The motivating examples are the allocation of network flows in a communication network or of traffic in a transportation network. Contrary to most related papers, we study the case when the users are atomic, i.e., each user controls a non-negligible fraction of the total traffic. We show that competition among profit maximizing firms can reduce the overall efficiency of the system, measured as the difference between users' willingness to pay and delay costs. In particular, we characterize a tight bound of 1 - N / 6(N+1) worst case efficiency in pure strategy equilibria, where N is the number of atomic users.
How Consumers Process Prevention-Oriented Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Messages: A Conceptual Paper

Today, one of the most prevailing ways to inform the public of available prevention methods is through Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) advertisements. As the debate among interested researchers and policymakers continues regarding the pros and cons of DTC advertising, understanding how consumers process these messages, in order to make them more effective, is necessary, if we ever hope to increase prevention behavior and potentially decrease disease cases.
Dynamic dissolutions and unifications

I reexamine the key results from the literature on the size and number of countries under different political institutions in a simple dynamic model. I find that the canonical static results that democracies lead to too many too-small countries and that Leviathans lead to too few too-large countries no longer necessarily hold. The key dynamic element that drives the new results is that public goods are modeled as public capital; this changes the incentives to unify or divide countries. I also show that there are hysteresis effects on the size and number of countries; that is, arbitrary initial configurations of national boundaries may tend to persist because of the initial public capital location decisions they promote.
Impurity scattering in f-wave superconductor UPt3

Abstract We study the effect of impurity scattering in E 2 u or f-wave superconductor. For simplicity we assume the impurity scattering is in the unitarity limit. Impurity scattering reduces both the superconducting transition temperature T c and the order parameter Δ(Γ,0) rapidly just as in d-wave superconductors. Also the quasi-particle density of states is surprisingly similar to the one in d-wave superconductor. Also we find the normalized superfluid density and the thermal conductivity are completely isotropic.
Metrics for glycaemic control — from HbA 1c to continuous glucose monitoring

As intensive treatment to lower levels of HbA1c characteristically results in an increased risk of hypoglycaemia, patients with diabetes mellitus face a life-long optimization problem to reduce average levels of glycaemia and postprandial hyperglycaemia while simultaneously avoiding hypoglycaemia. This optimization can only be achieved in the context of lowering glucose variability. In this Review, I discuss topics that are related to the assessment, quantification and optimal control of glucose fluctuations in diabetes mellitus. I focus on markers of average glycaemia and the utility and/or shortcomings of HbA1c as a 'gold-standard' metric of glycaemic control; the notion that glucose variability is characterized by two principal dimensions, amplitude and time; measures of glucose variability that are based on either self-monitoring of blood glucose data or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM); and the control of average glycaemia and glucose variability through the use of pharmacological agents or closed-loop control systems commonly referred to as the 'artificial pancreas'. I conclude that HbA1c and the various available metrics of glucose variability reflect the management of diabetes mellitus on different timescales, ranging from months (for HbA1c) to minutes (for CGM). Comprehensive assessment of the dynamics of glycaemic fluctuations is therefore crucial for providing accurate and complete information to the patient, physician, automated decision-support or artificial-pancreas system.
Evaluation of a 4D PET image reconstruction method with respiratory motion compensation in a patient study

2023 Objectives The objective is to evaluate a 4D PET image reconstruction method with respiratory motion compensation for improved lesion detection in a patient study. Methods In the 4D image reconstruction method, we estimated the patient’s respiratory motion by a group-wise B-spline non-rigid image registration method applied to respiratory-gated PET images. The estimated motions were used to transform the respiratory-gated PET images reconstructed with CT attenuation map for attenuation compensation (AC) to a reference frame and then averaged. In this study, we applied this method to the respiratory-gated PET data from the delayed 15-minutes PET scans of 3 patients with detectable lesions in the liver and/or lungs. We investigated motion estimations based on three types of respiratory-gated PET images reconstructed without AC, with uniform AC and with CT-AC to assess the effect of AC methods. For each patient, the motion-compensated PET image reconstructed by our method was compared to the image reconstructed the 3D OS-EM algorithm from the patient data without gating. The maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) of the lesions were used as an index for evaluation. Results A total of 15 small to medium sized lesions from the 3 patients were included in the data analysis. The SUVmax for these lesions in the PET images obtained from our 4D image reconstruction method modeling the motion estimation based on gated PET images without AC, with uniform AC and CT-AC, showed an average of 21%, 24% 17% improvement respectively over that of the conventional 3D method. Meanwhile the noise levels of the images from the two methods were about the same for the same patient. Conclusions This patient study demonstrated that the 4D PET image reconstruction method with respiratory motion compensation improved the PET image quality in terms of lesion detectability. The highest improvements were observed for the 4D method modeling the motion estimations based on the respiratory-gated PET images with uniform AC, which was consistent with our previous simulation studies. Research Support NIH grant R01 EB 00016
Coparenting relationship trajectories: Marital violence linked to change and variability after separation

Associations between marital intimate partner violence (IPV) and postseparation coparenting relationship trajectories were examined among 135 mothers who participated in 5 interviews at 3-month intervals in the year following their divorce filing. Growth curve analysis was conducted to assess change and variability in coparenting dimensions (i.e., conflict, support, communication about child rearing, and harassment) in the overall sample and by type of IPV. In the overall sample, coparenting conflict, communication about child rearing, and harassment decreased across the year following separation. However, coparenting relationships differed considerably based on marital IPV experiences. At Time 1, mothers in relationships with coercive controlling violence (CCV) reported higher levels of harassment and conflict, and lower levels of support and communication about coparenting, than mothers with situational couple violence (SCV) or no violence (NV). Furthermore, coparenting relationship trajectories differed significantly by IPV group, with mothers who experienced CCV showing more variability in conflict and harassment, and more marked changes in conflict, support, and harassment. Despite many similarities, mothers with SCV showed higher initial levels of harassment compared to mothers with NV. Findings can support family court and social service professionals' efforts to individualize interventions with divorcing parents based on IPV experiences. In cases of CCV, for example, attention to heightened control dynamics in the immediate separation period remain critical but the persistent volatility across the first year suggests the potential for chronic stress. With SCV, practitioners may be able to capitalize on parents' reasonable levels of communication and steady coparenting support. (PsycINFO Database Record
Fuzzy control of an autonomous car using a smart phone

This paper presents preliminary results on the development of a vision-based controller with a smart phone in the loop for autonomous vehicles. Our approach involves the use of the low cost vision sensors available on a smart phone to implement speed control for a lead-follower application, under stop-and-go traffic conditions. The controller uses fuzzy logic to determine commands based on estimated car position and speed with respect to the target vehicle being followed. We define constraints for system parameters associated with the minimum resolution and distance required for the controller to operate efficiently. The proposed design was successfully demonstrated on the University of Arizona CAT Vehicle by having it identify and follow a chosen human-driven lead vehicle.
Black Lives Matter, American political development, and the politics of visibility

Viewed through the lens of American Political Development (APD), the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement raises several questions about the movement's relationship to earlier movements for soci...
Optimizing scattering coefficients of disordered metamaterials using the finite-difference time-domain method

A technique based on the finite-difference time-domain method is presented for calculating optical transmission and reflection of disordered nanoparticle stacks. The approach is used to optimize a nanoparticle stack exhibiting greater than 98% average absorption over the visible spectrum.
Differences in Antinociception Evoked from Dorsal and Ventral Regions of the Caudal Periaqueductal Gray Matter

Stimulation-produced antinociception (SPA) from the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) was first reported by Reynolds in 1969. Mayer and co-workers (1971) further characterized this phenomenon, demonstrating that stimulation at sites throughout the PAG inhibited nociception. Subsequently, the PAG has been thought of as a homogeneous structure in producing antinociception. A recurring theme throughout this book, however, is the parcellation of the PAG into discrete functional regions. Consistent with this theme, regional differences in the characteristics of SPA from the PAG have recently been described. In the preceding chapter, Besson and co-authors cite the different behavioral reactions produced by stimulation of various PAG regions as a means of distinguishing distinct nociceptive modulatory systems. Associated behavioral reactions, however, provide no information about antinociception per se, and are thus insufficient criteria to define different antinociceptive systems. Nonetheless, data from studies assessing the characteristics of SPA provide compelling evidence for two nociceptive modulatory systems in the caudal PAG. Although the specific boundaries for these systems have not been clearly defined, the dorsal system seems to encompass the dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and lateral subdivisions of the PAG. The ventral system seems to include the ventrolateral subdivision of the PAG and the dorsal raphe nucleus.
Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of Composites with Interfacial Thermal Contact Resistance

Experimental data for three composite material systems are presented which indicate that the existence of an interfacial thermal barrier resistance can have a significant effect on the effective thermal conductivity of composites.
Introduction to the Pharmacological Effects of Alcohol and Drugs and Addiction on the Brain and Behavior

The course of one drug addiction is significantly affected by the addiction to another drug or alcohol. It is clinically acknowledged that the course of alcoholism is often significantly altered by the addiction to another drug. From the histories of many alcoholics, interestingly, comes the comment that the course of the alcoholism could have continued if addiction to cocaine or opiates or sedatives had not developed. Review of the histories and clinical presentations strongly suggests that this is likely the case, as in many instances the development of an addiction to another drug motivated an earlier seeking of treatment in spite of a substantial, standing addiction to alcohol that had already existed with significant consequences.
Geodesy and the problem of ice sheets

In recent years, great improvements have been made toward understanding the modern dynamics and recent history of the ice sheets. Several recently-launched satellite missions promise to make geodesy the most powerful tool for investigation of the changing ice sheets, including their past history and their present behavior. Mathematical description of ice sheet behavior from geodetic data requires accurate modeling of all the processes which may affect the measurements. Most geodetic tools measure changes in elevation of the ice sheets, which can include Post Glacial Rebound (PGR), the current Ice Mass Trend (IMT) consisting of both accumulation and glacial outflux, and processes of compaction within the firn column. Consequently it is necessary for mathematical models of geodetic data to separate the effects of IMT, PGR, and compaction. Satellite measurements of the time-variable geoid are insensitive to compaction effects and depend on IMT and PGR differently than do height measurements. Two methodological approaches have been proposed to separate these effects using measurements of height and time-variable geoid: 1- direct inversion for ice mass variability (Wu et al., 2002), which requires a priori assumptions about either the Earth’s rheology or the ice load history; 2- iterative solution for the fields, which theoretically is more approximate but is computationally much simpler and less dependent on a priori assumptions. In this paper we analyze how we can learn about IMT and PGR by combining geodetic measurements, and we assess the conditions required to optimally combine satellite and ground-based data sets.
Yoga as a Treatment for Depression

Yoga-based practices have been shown to decrease depressive symptoms. This chapter will begin with a case vignette discussing some of the aspects to be considered when assessing whether yoga-based practices should be incorporated into a treatment plan. The case presented shows the benefit of adding of a twice-weekly yoga-based practice to a 12-week treatment plan where pharmacotherapy did not adequately treat symptoms of depression and anxiety. The rest of the chapter will review clinical considerations, as well as the literature examining the application of yoga for depression and associated comorbidities.
College Football Revival: Analyzing the Impact of Marketing Efforts on Key Stakeholders at a Division I FCS Commuter School

The current study examined the impact of a recently restarted football program and a new on-campus stadium on the alumni and students of a Division I FCS commuter school. Results showed that alumni felt more connected to the university because of the new football program, they were more satisfied with their overall game-day experience, and the new football stadium was more likely to increase their game attendance when compared to students. Supplementary analysis highlights key differences in how each group rated individual elements of the game-day experience and the mediums used by each group for obtaining team-related information. Subscribe to JASM
Correlations and Cascades in Magnetized Turbulence

Many terrestrial and astrophysical plasmas encompass very large dynamical ranges in space and time, which are not accessible by direct numerical simulations. Thus, idealized subvolumes are often used to study small-scale effects including the dynamics of magnetized turbulence. A significant aspect of magnetized turbulence is the transfer of energy from large to small scales, in part through the operation of a turbulent cascade. In this paper, we present a new shell-to-shell energy transfer analysis framework for understanding energy transfer within magnetized turbulence and in particular, through the cascade. We demonstrate the viability of this framework through application to a series of isothermal subsonic and supersonic simulations of compressible magnetized turbulence and utilize results from this analysis to establish a nonlinear benchmark for compressible magnetized turbulence in the subsonic regime. We further study how the autocorrelation time of the driving and its normalization systematically change properties of compressible magnetized turbulence. For example, we find that $\delta $ -in-time forcing with a constant energy injection leads to a steeper slope in kinetic energy spectrum and less efficient small-scale dynamo action. We examine how these results can impact a range of diagnostics relevant for a range of terrestrial and astrophysical applications.
Asymmetric Mannich reactions with in situ generation of carbamate-protected imines by an organic catalyst.

The instability of carbamate-protected alkyl imines has greatly hampered the development of catalytic asymmetric Mannich reactions suitable for the synthesis of optically active carbamate-protected chiral alkyl amines. A highly enantioselective Mannich reaction with in situ generation of carbamate-protected imines from stable α-amido sulfones catalyzed by an organic catalyst was developed. This reaction provides a concise and highly enantioselective route converting aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes into optically active aryl and alkyl β-amino acids.
EFFICIENT TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINING AND ENCODING THE LONG TERM PREDICTOR LAGS FOR ANALYSIS·BY· SYNTHESIS SPEECH CODERS

Many analysis-by-synthesis speech coders, such as CELP coders, make use of a combination of long-term and short-term predictors. The use of long term predictors (adaptive codebooks) incorporating lags with sub-sample resolution has contributed to enhanced performance for these coders, particularly for high pitched speakers [1], [2]. This paper discusses an efficient technique for determining the lag for the long-term predictor (index of the adaptive codebook) when sub-sample resolution lags are allowed. Also, an efficient technique for encoding these lags (adaptive codebook indices) is presented.
Large-Scale and High-Throughput QR Decomposition on an FPGA

The QR decomposition, also called the QR factorization, is one of core matrix operations that is used to solve a linear inverse/solver problem. We develop a high-throughput QR decomposition for large-scale matrices on FPGA. We refine the modified Gram-Schmit QRD algorithm into a hardware-friendly algorithmic flow and describe the core architecture in C. We synthesize our code using an Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL targeting an Intel Arria 10 FPGA device.
#HashtagPedagogies: Improving Literacy and Course Relevance through Social Media Metaphors

In the past five years, scholars have made clear that social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter have serious consequences for intellectual development and community engagement...