cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Inflammation by the NF-κB Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells

Problem—The NFκB pathway is a major source of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to cancer chemoresistance. We showed that constitutive NFκB activity is characteristic of the ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs). The aim of this study is to determine if the inhibition of NFκB by Eriocalyxin B (EriB) in the OCSCs may induce cell death in otherwise chemoresistant cells. Methods—OCSCs and mature ovarian cancer cells (mOCCs) were treated with increasing concentrations of EriB. Cell viability was measured using the Celltiter 96 assay and caspase activity was quantified using Caspase-Glo™ assay. Cytokine levels were quantified using xMAP technology. Results—EriB decreased the percent of viable cells in all cultures tested with GI50 of 0.5 −1µM after 48h of treatment. The intracellular changes associated with EriB-induced cell death are: 1) inhibition of NF-κB activity; 2) decreased cytokine production; 3) activation of caspases; and 4) down-regulation of XIAP. In addition, EriB is able to sensitize OCSCs to TNFα and FasLmediated cell death. Conclusions—Inhibition of the NFκB pathway induces cell death in the OCSCs. Since the OCSCs may represent the source of recurrence and chemoresistance, the use of NFκB inhibitors like EriB may prevent recurrence in ovarian cancer patients.
Whipple's disease: A case report with immunological studies

A patient with Whipple's disease is described whose small bowel biopsy demonstrated antigenicity to rabbit antisera to groups A, B, C, and G streptococci and Shigella flexneri, but not to antisera to pneumococcus or Shigella sonnei by immunofluorescent techniques. In addition, the patient's lymphocytes responded normally to phytohemagglutinin and to concanavalin A. These studies support the idea what Whipple's disease is mediated by a bacteria-like agent which shares certain antigenic similarities with groups A, B, C, and G streptococci and S. flexneri, and that T cell dysfunction does not appear to be an essential prerequisite for the disease.
Assessment of self-management needs among patients with COPD

Introduction: While self-management is an essential part of chronic illness care, little is known about patients9 perspectives of their self-management needs. Objective: To address this gap we conducted a cross-sectional, self-management needs assessment among patients with COPD. Methods: Patients were enrolled from clinics as part of a self-management intervention trial. Patient activation was categorized based on thier confidence in self-management and on motivation to participate in their care. Behavioral intentions addressed readiness to quit smoking and to meet physical activity goals. Self-efficacy was assessed using a COPD-specific scale. Open-ended questions assessed self-care facilitators, barriers, and goals. Results: Of 76 patients enrolled, mean age was 69.2 years with 49.1% female. For patient activation 29.0% are active, 31.6% high effort, 23.7% complacent, and 15.8% passive. Among current smokers the majority are interested in quitting with 35% contemplation, 30% preparation, and 20% action. While mean levels of reported self-efficacy were similar across domains, the proportion reporting low levels of confidence were greatest for physical activity and behavioral domains (56.6%). In a qualitative analysis of 34 interviews major themes relevant to self-management facilitators, barriers, and goals were fear (i.e., disease progression, suffocation/death), loss (i.e., functioning, independence, cherished activities), co-morbid limitations, stigma/social isolation, and desire for change (i.e., improve functioning, better care, information, understanding). Conclusions: The results from this cross-sectional analysis highlight the complexity of self-management support needs among patients with COPD.
Analysis of vessel absorption profiles in retinal oximetry.

The optical densities of vessel absorption features in small bandwidth fundus photographs have been used by many people for finding the oxygenation of the blood in retinal vessels. The purpose of this article is to show that the information found in this way can be made more accurate, and more information can be found by considering the details of the absorption profile (intensity as a function of distance across the vessel). The ‘‘wings’’ of the profile are primarily determined by the line‐spread function of the video camera or film. A four‐parameter curve fitting procedure using the line‐spread function and an ‘‘ideal’’ vessel profile can be used to eliminate the effects both of the line‐spread function and of any central reflection (vessel reflex) that may be present, yielding estimates of the vessel diameter and central absorption. The conclusions concerning the reflection are supported by studies of reflections from capillary tubes and wires in a model eye.
Robust annotation positioning in digital documents

Increasingly, documents exist primarily in digital form. System designers have recently focused on making it easier to read digital documents, with annotation as an important new feature. But supporting annotation well is difficult because digital documents are frequently modified, making it challenging to correctly reposition annotations in modified versions. Few systems have addressed this issue, and even fewer have approached the problem from the users' point of view. This paper reports the results of two studies examining user expectations for robust annotation positioning in modified documents. We explore how users react to lost annotations, the relationship between types of document modifications and user expectations, and whether users pay attention to text surrounding their annotations. Our results could contribute substantially to effective digital document annotation systems.
A unified one-dimensional analysis of the gain mechanism in free electron lasers with helical or planar magnet arrays

A one-dimensional model of the free electron laser (FEL) in which the electron beam is treated as.a relativistic fluid is used to determine in a uniform fashion the smallsignal gain for all regimes of interest where thermal spread in the beam in negligible. The close relationship between FEI, gain theory and that of the travelling-wave tube is discussed, and it is shown that in general the gain in a planar magnet array is significantly lower than that obtainable under equivalent conditions in a helical array of the same field strength and periodicity.
Ductility demands on buckling-restrained braced frames under earthquake loading

Accurate estimates of ductility demands on buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are crucial to performance-based design of BRBFs. An analytical study on the seismic behavior of BRBFs has been conducted at the ATLSS Center, Lehigh University to prepare for an upcoming experimental program. The analysis program DRAIN-2DX was used to model a one-bay, four-story prototype BRBF including material and geometric nonlinearities. The buckling-restrained brace (BRB) model incorporates both isotropic and kinematic hardening. Nonlinear static pushover and time-history analyses were performed on the prototype BRBF. Performance objectives for the BRBs were defined and used to evaluate the time-history analysis results. Particular emphasis was placed on global ductility demands and ductility demands on the BRBs. These demands were compared with anticipated ductility capacities. The analysis results, along with results from similar previous studies, are used to evaluate the BRBF design provisions that have been recommended for codification in the United States. The results show that BRB maximum ductility demands can be as high as 20 to 25. These demands significantly exceed those anticipated by the BRBF recommended provisions. Results from the static pushover and time-history analyses are used to demonstrate why the ductility demands exceed those anticipated by the recommended provisions. The BRB qualification testing protocol contained in the BRBF recommended provisions is shown to be inadequate because it requires only a maximum ductility demand of at most 7.5. Modifications to the testing protocol are recommended.
Nonlinear Response of Double Wall Sandwich Panels

ABSTRACT An analytical study is presented to predict the nonlinear response of a double wall sandwich panel system that is subjected to random-type loading. Viscoelastic and nonlinear spring-dashpot models are chosen to characterize the behavior of the core. The nonlinear panel response is obtained by utilizing modal analyses and Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Numerical results include the response spectral densities, root-mean-square responses, and probability density function histograms. It is found that by proper selection of the dynamic parameters and damping characteristics, the structural response can be significantly reduced.
Erratum to Development of a training protocol to improve reading performance in peripheral vision [Vision Res. 50, 1, (2010), 36-45]

Erratum to ‘‘Development of a training protocol to improve reading performance in peripheral vision” [Vision Res. 50 (1) (2010) 36–45] Deyue Yu *, Gordon E. Legge , Heejung Park , Emily Gage , Susana T.L. Chung a a School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Romantic Inscriptions of the Female Body in German Night and Fantasy Pieces

“Romantic Inscriptions of the Female Body in German Night and Fantasy Pieces” explores the grotesque and arabesque as a means of comprehending a unique constellation of female figures around 1800. An investigation of texts written by Ludwig Tieck, E. T. A. Hoffmann, Clemens Brentano, and Achim von Arnim reveals that female figures, whose bodies are constructed as grotesque or arabesque, include three predominant types: the Romantic hag, the fatal woman, and the arabesque fragile woman. These three fictional female figures omit the historical reality of women’s lives.
Deliberative Democracy and the Problem of Scope

This article addresses the challenges of scaling up deliberative democracy beyond the level of individual communities. It begins with a general discussion of the problems that scope poses for deliberative democratic practice. It then proceeds to look critically at a range of initiatives that have, in recent years, attempted to overcome these problems in the American context. The concluding sections suggest guidelines and concepts aimed at helping practitioners approach large-scale public engagement more strategically, as well as areas that research and theory should explore.
A new Alamar Blue viability assay to rapidly quantify oligodendrocyte death

We developed a rapid fluorometric viability assay for primary cultures of OL precursors (preOLs) or mature OLs that utilized the oxidation/reduction indicator dye Alamar Blue (AB). PreOLs had a lower rate of AB reduction than did mature OLs (0.02 +/- 0.01 units/min per cell versus 0.07 +/- 0.01). The assay was tested under two conditions toxic to preOLs: oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion or kainate excitotoxicity. When glutathione was depleted by a 24-h exposure to cystine-depleted medium, the EC50 values for the dependence upon cystine for survival did not differ significantly when determined by AB reduction (2 +/- 2 microM), by the trypan blue exclusion method (3 +/- 3 microM) or by MTT histochemistry (1 +/- 0.4 microM). Quantification of preOL viability with AB was unaffected by the presence of free radical scavengers (alpha-tocopherol or idebenone) or the antioxidant enzymes Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and catalase. There was no difference in preOL viability as determined by AB or MTT after a 24-h exposure to kainate at concentrations up to 1 mM. AB offers a rapid objective measure of OL viability in primary culture and is a valid means to quantify OL death.
Dimensions Underlying Holland's Hexagon: Missing Link between Interests and Occupations?.

Abstract Holland uses a hexagon to model relationships among his six types of vocational interests. This paper provides empirical evidence regarding the nature of the interest dimensions underlying the hexagon. Two studies are reported. Study 1 examines the extent to which two theory-based dimensions—data/ideas and things/people—fit 27 sets of intercorrelations for Holland's types. Three of the data sets involve the mean scores of career groups (total of 228 groups and 35,060 individuals); 24 involve the scores for individuals (total of 11,275). Study 2 explores the heuristic value of the data/ideas and things/people dimensions by determining whether they contribute to the understanding of why interest inventories work. Two data sets covering a total of 563 occupations are used to calculate correlations between the vocational interests of persons and the tasks which characterize the persons' occupations. Each occupation's principal work tasks are determined from job analysis data obtained from the U.S. Department of Labor. Study 1 results provide substantial support for the theory-based dimensions. Study 2 results suggest that interest inventories “work” primarily because they tap activity preferences which parallel work tasks. Counseling and research applications of the data/ideas and things/people dimensions are suggested and implications for interest assessment are noted.
Effect of biochar application rate on soil physical and hydraulic properties of a sandy loam

Biochar is used as a soil amendment for improving soil quality and enhancing carbon sequestration. In this study, a loamy sand soil was amended at different rates (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% v/v) of biochar, and its physical and hydraulic properties were analyzed, including particle density, bulk density, porosity, infiltration, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and volumetric water content. The wilting rate of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) grown in soil amended with various levels of biochar was evaluated on a scale of 0–10. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear regression. The results showed that bulk density decreased linearly (R2 = 0.997) from 1.325 to 0.363 g cm−3 while the particle density decreased (R2 = 0.915) from 2.65 to 1.60 g cm−3 with increased biochar amendment, with porosity increasing (R2 = 0.994) from 0.500 to 0.773 cm3 cm−3. The mean volumetric water content ranged from 3.90 to 14.00 cm3 cm−3, while the wilting rate of tomato ranged from 4.67 to 9.50, respectively, for the no...
A CRISPR view of development

The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated nuclease 9) system is poised to transform developmental biology by providing a simple, efficient method to precisely manipulate the genome of virtually any developing organism. This RNA-guided nuclease (RGN)-based approach already has been effectively used to induce targeted mutations in multiple genes simultaneously, create conditional alleles, and generate endogenously tagged proteins. Illustrating the adaptability of RGNs, the genomes of >20 different plant and animal species as well as multiple cell lines and primary cells have been successfully modified. Here we review the current and potential uses of RGNs to investigate genome function during development.
The New Challenges Facing European Studies

sioned Sidney Tarrow to produce a report that would identify trends and raise issues of importance to the future of European Studies in the universities and among funders and other concerned organizations.' Tarrow's report, Rebirth or Stagnation? European Studies after 1989, was published in June 1993 and has circulated widely among scholars, foundation officers, and university administrators working on the region.2 The report finds that Europe's geo-political earthquakes pose fresh challenges for the way we think about and teach international and
Attempted Compensation for Linkage Drag Affecting Agronomic Characteristics of Durum Wheat 1AS/1DL Translocation Lines

Yield reduction due to linkage drag caused by introgression of alien chromatin is a major problem for incorporating new genes into durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum). Here we report attempts to improve yield of 1AS•1AL-1DL translocation lines of durum wheat that had previously been reported to have reduced yield due to linkage drag. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) were produced by six backcrosses of a translocation stock to five cultivars, Renville, Rugby, Lebsock, Ben, and Maier. During backcrossing, we found that ‘Rugby’ had two glutenin biotypes, with one biotype having high molecular weight (HMW) subunits 1Bx6+1By8 (Rugby68), and the second biotype having only 1Bx6 (Rugby6). Rugby6 and Rugby68 did not significantly differ for any trait other than HMW subunits. Rugby6 and Rugby68 were each used to develop a set of NILs. Translocation (T-lines) and non-translocation (N-lines) NILs were yield tested at five North Dakota locations. N-lines did not significantly differ from their parental cultivars for yield, heading date, height, protein content, test weight, or thousand kernel weight (TKW). The Lebsock T-lines yielded significantly less (8.2%) than Lebsock, but yielded significantly better than their parental T-lines. None of the other T-lines had significant yield improvement. All T-lines had from 5.9 to 11.3% reduction in TKW. The results indicate that genetic background is very important in reducing linkage drag. We conclude that improved yield of the 1AS•1AL-1DL translocation lines will be dependent on improving TKW, and this may be best accomplished by further reducing the size of the alien segment.
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN SORDARIA FIMICOLA AND GELASINOSPORA LONGISPORA

PLASTIC EMBEDMENT techniques (Mai, 1975) previously used to obtain a better understanding of centrum development in Podospora anserina (Ces. in Rabenh.) Niessl. (Mai, 1976) have been used in the present study of Sordaria fimicola Ces. & DeNot. and Gelasinospora longispora Udagawa. A reinvestigation of S. fimicola is of particular importance because Sorda7ia is the type genus of the Sordariaceae and differing interpretations of centrum structure in previous studies of S. fimicola have raised questions concerning its development. Luttrell ( 1951 ), on the basis of the illustrations and description of perithecium development in S. fimicola by Ritchie (1937), included this species among Ascomycetes of the Diaporthe type in which the centrum is composed of a pseudoparenchymatous tissue. However, Dangeard (1907) described paraphysis-like cells formed by disintegration of the pseudoparenchymatous centrum tissue, and both Page (1933) and Hanlin (1972) described the presence of paraphyses in the centrum.
Influence of quantum well width on DC and RF device performance in pseudomorphic Al/sub 0.30/Ga/sub 0.70/As/In/sub 0.25/Ga/sub 0.75/As MODFETs

An experimental study of the influence of quantum well width on DC and RF device performance in nominally 0.2- mu m gate-length atomic-planar doped pseudomorphic Al/sub 0.30/Ga/sub 0.70/As/In/sub 0.25/Ga/sub 0.75/As MODFETs is reported. Three important results have been obtained: (1) a well width of approximately 120 AA appears to be optimum for overall device performance and gives a current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 122 GHz; (2) thinner quantum wells ( approximately 45 AA) result in a significant reduction ( approximately 40%) in maximum channel current density; and (3) thicker quantum wells (150-200 AA), which exceed the critical thickness (90-100 AA) predicted by the Matthews and Blakeslee model, still give excellent device performance (f/sub T/=107 GHz). As a result of the latter, it might be possible to realize much higher-indium-percentage (30-40%) quantum wells without having to reduce the well width to an unacceptable value. >
Internal friction of subnanometer a-SiO2 films.

In order to determine whether strong interactions between defects are responsible for the spectral distribution of the low energy excitations that are believed to exist in all amorphous solids, we have measured the low temperature internal friction of thin $a$-Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ films with thicknesses ranging from 0.75 to 1000 nm. The internal friction of these films is found to be identical to that of bulk $a$-Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. From this it is concluded that interactions, if significant at all, are limited to distances less than 0.75 nm.
Purification and characterization of bile salt hydrolase from Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis.

Abstract A high-molecular-weight (250 000) bile salt hydrolase (cholylglycine hydrolase, EC 3.5.-.-) was isolated and purified 128-fold from the “spheroplast lysate” fraction prepared from Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis ATCC 25285. The intact enzyme had a molecular weight of approx. 250 000 as determined by gel filtration chromatography. One major protein band, corresponding to a molecular weight of 32 500, was observed on 7% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pooled fractions from DEAE-cellulose column chromatography (128-fold purified). The pH optimum for the 64-fold purified enzyme isolated from Bio-Gel A 1.5 M chromatography was 4.2 and bile salt hydrolase activity measured in intact cell suspensions had a pH optimum of 4.5. Substrate specificity studies indicated that taurine and glycine conjugates of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid were readily hydrolyzed; however, lithocholic acid conjugates were not hydrolyzed. Substrate saturation kinetics were biphasic with an intermediate plateau (0.2–0.3 mM) and a complete loss of enzymatic activity was observed at high concentration for certain substrates. The presence or absence of 7-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was absolutely correlated with that of bile salt hydrolase activity in six to ten strains and subspecies of B. fragilis.
Boris Yeltsin's ascent to power: Rhetorical roles and the end of the soviet union

This study examines the rhetorical strategies utilized by Boris Yeltsin during his rise to prominence and his role in what some call the second Russian revolution. The author contends that the Russian leader used three distinct rhetorical roles— the revolutionary, the conciliatory, and the conservative—to present his discourse between 1985 and 1991. With this critical vocabulary, the author argues that Yeltsin's successes and failures related to his fitting use of rhetorical roles in relation to the exigencies that emerged during the final years of the Soviet Union's existence.
The Application of Low-Frequency Circuit Analysis to the Problem of Distributed Coupling in Ultra-High-Frequency Circuits

The general problem of coupling between circuits which extend beyond the near zone is investigated theoretically. Integrals defining generalized coefficients of inductance are displayed and discussed for the case of the near zone and in general. As an application, the specific problem of determining the current distribution in two coupled circuits which extend beyond the near zone is examined, and solved for the special case of two loosely coupled sections of parallel line. It is proved that the electromotive force induced in the secondary by the primary oscillator may be treated as though concentrated at a point opposite the center of the oscillator provided the current distribution in the oscillator is symmetrical with respect to this center. The conclusions are generalized to include other circuits than the parallel line, in particular an antenna coupled to a symmetrical oscillator. Experimental curves are shown which verify the general theory.
A language for the classification and shading of multivariate volume data

A novel, language-based interface to the specification of multivariate volume classification and shading algorithms has been implemented. The system facilitates experimentation by providing access to data relevant to volume classification and shading (scalars, gradients, and gradient magnitudes) in a C-like language environment. The user writes code to calculate opacity and colour on a per voxel basis. The code is interpreted and compiled in a transparent fashion and then executed on a volume data-set. The output is a volume primitive suitable for input to standard volume rendering algorithms.
Lipid Peroxidation Products in Human Health and Disease

Enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to tissue dysfunction and damage in a number of pathological conditions. ROS oxidize the lipids to generate peroxides and aldehydes. These lipid peroxidation products, especially oxidized lipids-derived aldehydes, are much more stable than the parent ROS and therefore can diffuse from their site of generation and inflict damage at remote locations. Therefore, products of lipid oxidation can extend and propagate the responses and injury initiated by ROS. The lipid peroxidation (LPO) products are highly reactive and display marked biological effects, which, depending upon their concentration, cause selective alterations in cell signaling, protein and DNA damage, and cytotoxicity. Increased formation of lipid peroxides and aldehydes has been observed in atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion, heart failure, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatic arthritis, cancer, and other immunological disorders. Therefore, decreasing the formation of lipid peroxidation products or scavenging them chemically could be beneficial in limiting the deleterious effects of ROS in various pathological conditions. Indeed, recent studies have identified several agents that could interfere with the LPO-mediated cell signaling pathways and could act as potential therapeutic drugs.
Flat-panel detector-based cone-beam volume CT breast imaging: phantom and specimen study

Conventional film-screen mammography is the most effective tool for the early detection of breast cancer currently available. However, conventional mammography has relatively low sensitivity to detect small breast cancers (under several millimeters) owing to an overlap in the appearances of benign and malignant lesions, and surrounding structure. The limitations accompanying conventional mammography is to be addressed by incorporating a cone beam volume CT imaging technique with a recently developed flat panel detector. A computer simulation study has been performed to prove the feasibility of developing a flat panel detector-based cone beam volume CT breast imaging (FPD-CBVCTBI) technique. In this study, a phantom and specimen experiment is performed to confirm the findings in the computer simulation using the current prototype cone beam volume CT scanner. The results indicate that the CBVCTBI technique effectively removes structure overlap and significantly improves the detectability of small breast tumors. More importantly, the results also demonstrate the patient dose level required for FPD-based CBVCTBI to detect a small tumor (under 5 mm) and a small calcification is less than or equal to that of conventional mammography. The results from this study suggest that FPD-CBVCTBI is a potentially powerful breast-imaging tool.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effects of Ethanol and/or Methanol in Alcohol-Gasoline Blends on Exhaust Emissions

The authors discuss the effect on exhaust gas emissions (carbon monoxide, CO, hydrocarbons, HC, and aldehydes, CHO) resulting from mixing methanol and/or ethanol with gasoline for automotive fuels studied experimentally. Tests were conducted on an OEM four-cylinder engine running at different conditions of equivalence ratio and spark timing. Fuel blends with different percentages of alcohol content and different ratios of methanol to ethanol in the alcohol mixture were tested. Results of this investigation indicate that the presence of either or both of the alcohols in fuel blends significantly reduced the concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust emissions (up to 40-50 percent compared to pure gasoline only), with methanol slightly more effective than ethanol. Hydrocarbon emissions were also decreased by increasing the alcohol content of the fuel, with minimum hydrocarbon production occurring at percent alcohol-gasoline blends in conjunction with near-stoichiometric air-fuel ratios. However, aldehyde emissions were found to be markedly higher with alcohol-gasoline blends. The 10 percent alcohol-gasoline blends were found to produce about 50 percent more aldehyde emissions than pure gasoline.
A new unsymmetrical polyamine macrocycle incorporating two phenolic functions: synthesis, basicity and coordination behavior toward copper(II)

Abstract A new 26-membered macrocyclic ligand: 3,6,10,18,22,25-hexaaza-31,32-dihydroxy-14,29-dimethyl-tricyclo[25,3,1,1 11,17 ]dotriaconta-1(30),12,14,16(32),27,28-hexaene (L or BTBP) and a homodinuclear copper complex have been synthesized and characterized with elemental analysis, NMR, FAB MS and X-ray. The ligand maintains dinuclear integrity for copper(II) complexes, while facilitating the formation of non-bridged dicopper centers. Potentiometric equilibrium studies indicate that a variety of protonated, mononuclear and dinuclear complexes are formed with Cu(II) from pH 2 to 12 in aqueous solution. The stability constants and species distribution, as a function of the pH of the 1:1 and 1:2 [ligand/Cu(II)] complexes, were determined in KCl supporting electrolyte ( μ =0.100 M) at 25 °C. The neutral homodinuclear complex [Cu 2 C 28 H 44 N 6 O 2 Br 2 )]·2(CHCl 3 )·2(CH 3 OH) forms monoclinic crystals, of space group P 2 1 / c , with a= 14.319(3), b= 21.801(4), c= 7.0417(14) A, β =100.893(4)°, and Z =2. Each copper is complexed by half of the coordination sites of the dinucleating macrocycle, and the anionic bromide enters into the coordination sphere and occupies an axial position to complete a square-pyramidal polyhedron.
The Vietnam combat delayed stress response syndrome: hypnotherapy of "dissociative symptoms".

Abstract The Delayed Stress Response Syndrome in Vietnam veterans has been recently described to be a fairly typical symptomatic picture that includes physical symptoms, nightmares and flashbacks, memory lapses, angry outbursts, and an instability of relationships. It seems in part to be derived from repressed feelings of fear, grief and rage. In a veteran treated for 15 months using traditional psychotherapeutic techniques during the first phase of treatment, and hypnotic age regression techniques during the second phase, it was found that the re-experiencing of prior traumatic events, in the context of a trusting therapeutic relationship, led to an integration of the following affective components of the traumatic events: 1) fear and helplessness; 2) betrayal; 3) rage; 4) guilt; and 5) survival of a near-death experience.
General Deoxyribozyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Native 3'--5' RNA Linkages

An elusive goal for nucleic acid enzymology has been deoxyribozymes that ligate RNA rapidly, sequence-generally, with formation of native 3'-5' linkages, and in preparatively useful yield. Using in vitro selection, we have identified Mg2+- and Zn2+-dependent deoxyribozymes that simultaneously fulfill all four of these criteria. The new deoxyribozymes operate under practical incubation conditions and have modest RNA substrate sequence requirements, specifically D downward arrowRA for 9DB1 and A downward arrowR for 7DE5 (D = A, G, or U; R = A or G). These requirements are comparable to those of deoxyribozymes such as 10-23 and 8-17, which are already widely used as biochemical tools for RNA cleavage. We anticipate that the 9DB1 and 7DE5 deoxyribozymes will find immediate practical application for RNA ligation.
Influences of international factors on US Prices: a theoretical and empirical analysis

Employing an open-economy framework, the present article argues that international forces would have important implications for US price behaviour even prior to the 1970s when the US international sector was relatively small. A distributed-lag price equation that declineates between domestic and foreign impulses is derived. The model is estimated using quarterly data over the 1959–1979 period when international reserves as a measure of world liquidty were subject to relatively little noise. The study finds that growths of US import prices and exports positively affected US price inflation over the entire sample period but not during pre- 1971 period. On the other hand, while world liquidity, measured by worldwide international reserves, did not appear to influence US price for the whole period examined, its effect is found to be positive over the fixed-exchange-rate era. The mean lag of this foreign impulse is estimated at 6 quarters, 2 quarters larger than that of domestic liquidity as measured by M1. Th...
Synthesis and electrical conductivity measurements on semiconducting organic polymers derived from nitriles

A number of polymeric organic semiconductive materials derived from low molecular weight nitriles are described. These infusible, insoluble materials possess electrical resistivity values which are remarkably low for organic materials. The synthesis and resistivity–temperature behavior of these materials is described and their probable structures discussed.
The courts, accounting evolution and freedom of contract: A comment of the case law research

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence both of common law and of the judicial process on the development of accounting standards, and the role of contract in accounting activity. To this end, the paper reviews the leading case law research, including its response to positivist views of accounting regulation. The analysis also relates this work to a wider legal historiography, with the objective of generating a historical framework for the study of law and accounting during the prestatutory period.
Effects of food deprivation on learning and expression of flavor preferences conditioned by saccharin or sucrose

In four experiments, food deprivation was varied during conditioning and testing of conditioning of flavor preferences by sweeteners. Conditioned preferences for a flavor associated with a more concentrated solution were enhanced by increased deprivation in training whether sucrose or saccharin was used when rats consumed solutions freely during training. When consumption of solutions was controlled and higher deprivation levels were used, preference for the higher concentration of sucrose was still enhanced by increased deprivation in training, but this did not occur with saccharin. We suggest that deprivation may enhance the reinforcing value of sweetness only when calories increase along with sweetness. We also suggest that deprivation can enhance flavor preference learning by increasing consumption and thereby increasing exposure to the flavored solutions.
TCT-661 Clinical Relevance of Endothelial Dysfunction after Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation Compared to First Generation Drug-Eluting Stent

Endothelial dysfunction of coronary artery has been reported in patients following the first generation drug eluting stent (DES) implantation. However, the incidence and clinical relevance of the second generation DES-induced endothelial dysfunction have not been fully investigated. The aim of this
The FFT Method for Determining Semiclassical Eigenvalues: Application to Asymmetric Top Rigid Rotors

A Fourier transform method for calculating action variables and semiclassical eigenvalues in molecules starting from Cartesian coordinates and momenta is developed and applied to the determination of rotational semiclassical eigenvalues for rigid asymmetric top molecules. The method involves calculating rotational actions by using Fourier representations of the symmetric top action‐angle variables to express the integrals. The question of what is the optimum quantization axis is considered, and it is found that the same primitive semiclassical eigenvalues are obtained independent of which principal axis is used for quantization provided that the replacement J → J+ 1/2 is made. The replacement J → [J(J+1)]1/2 leads to eigenvalues that are slightly dependent on quantization axis, but more accurate. For either choice of J replacement, the primitive eigenvalues are found to be double valued when trajectory motion is librational relative to both the prolate and oblate top quantization axes, and also when motio...
Does corruption foster growth in Bangladesh

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to unveil the relationship between corruption and economic growth in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is designed to combine both theory and empirical work.Findings – Bangladesh poses a positive relation between corruption and growth. This relationship has been significant since 1977 when Bangladesh embarked on a market economy and unleashed private investment, but failed to implement corresponding reforms in bureaucracy and major public utilities. As a result, consumers with rising income and producers with thriving business opportunities confronted public regulatory bodies for utilities and permits, and indulged in increasing corruption. Thus, both corruption and economic growth increased with the pace of privatisation and the market economy in Bangladesh. Hence, a positive association between corruption and growth, though spurious and co‐incidental, becomes apparent.Research limitations/implications – A bigger sample size for survey can be covered...
Agrarian class structure in Nicaragua in 1980: A new interpretation and some implications

The processing and analysis of a family rural survey which covered more than 50,000 families is used to reinterpret Nicaraguan agrarian class structure in 1980, the starting point of the agrarian reform. The author contrasts his results with those of a prior processing and the conclusions of other analysts. The article concludes by considering the implications of the work for present agrarian class structure and for social and economic policies in agriculture, particularly those affecting the middle peasantry.
Analysis of 1-Aminopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate-Derivatized Oligosaccharides by Capillary Electrophoresis with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), has been used for structure characterization of 1-aminopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate (APTS)-derivatized oligosaccharides previously separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The resolved components were first isolated by employing an automated high-resolution fraction collector. Using on-probe sample cleanup with a cation-exchange resin and a matrix mixture of (1:1) 6-hydroxypicolinic acid and 3-hydroxypicolinic acid, APTS-labeled oligosaccharides were successfully detected by MALDI-TOF MS in the negative ionization mode. Each APTS-labeled oligosaccharide produced single [M − H]-1 peaks. Detection limits for standard APTS-derivatized oligosaccharide (maltoheptaose) were down to 30 fmol. APTS labeled maltooligosaccharides and various standard carbohydrates were separated and collected by CE, followed by molecular weight determination with MALDI-TOF MS. The mass spectral characterization enhances the power of the CE ...
The effect of tracheostomy incisions on tracheal growth.

Abstract Respiration through an endotracheal tube often provides very adequate ventilation for infants and children with respiratory distress. Nevertheless, there are pediatric patients for whom tracheostomy is indicated. A technical point of contention concerns the tracheal incision. Excision of tracheal tissue or multiple incisions, which meet or cross have been abandoned in the pediatric age group. The choice today is a vertical incision dividing several cartilages 1–3 versus a transverse incision between tracheal rings. 4,5 This experiment was designed to compare the effect of longitudinal and transverse incisions on tracheal growth and development in the immature growing animal.
Neuropeptide Y Differentially Suppresses per1 and per2 mRNA Induced by Light in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei of the Golden Hamster

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), present in an input pathway to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), can block the effects of light on circadian rhythms. The authors have studied this interaction using an in vitro brain slice technique. Effects of NPY on light-induced period1 and period2 mRNA in the SCN were examined in vitro following a light pulse during early subjective night. Golden hamsters (n = 91) were housed under a 14:10 LD cycle and then moved to constant dim red light for 3 days. Hamsters were exposed to a 5-min light pulse previously shown to induce phase shifts and prepared for in vitro application of NPY. Hypothalamic slices containing the SCN were maintained in vitro for 40 min to 4 h after the light pulse, then quick-frozen. Sections were evaluated by in situ hybridization with [ 3 5 S]-labeled cRNA probes for per mRNA. Rapid light induction of both per1 and per2 by 40 min and 1 h after the light pulse, respectively, was apparent, with NPY inhibition of this response significant by at least these same time points. However, although striking suppression of per2 mRNA by the NPY continued through the peak for per2 at 2 h, per1 mRNA levels rebounded quickly to equal the per1 induction peak at 1 h and mirrored the control light induction pattern for per1 thereafter. Delaying NPY to 30 min after slice preparation demonstrated that NPY is capable of suppressing peak per1 levels. These results confirm the feasibility of measuring light-induced gene expression in the SCN in vitro. A differential regulation of per1 and per2 transcription might be of critical importance for the modulation of circadian responses to light.
Effect of reducing the recording time of standard EEGs on the detection of EEG-abnormalities in the management of the epilepsies of childhood.

Abstract Purpose The ILAE recommends baseline recordings of 30min to detect abnormalities supporting a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy in children. A shorter recording time may be better tolerated by children and be more resource-efficient. Our aim was to determine how many abnormalities supporting a diagnosis of epilepsy would be missed by reducing the recording time of paediatric standard electroencephalograms (EEGs) from 20 to 15min. Methods We evaluated standard EEGs of 300 patients aged 2 months to 17 years referred consecutively with confirmed or suspected epilepsy. EEGs were recorded for 20min on digital media. A digital copy of each EEG was truncated to give consecutive sequences of 10min (sequence "A") and 5min duration (sequences "B" and "C" respectively). A panel of EEG raters blinded to the children's' details other than age identified these sequences as "normal" or "abnormal" if they contained spike waves, discrete sharp waves or notched slow waves in the respective EEG period. Results EEGs of 297 children were analysed (three were omitted for technical reasons). 109 out of 297 EEGs (37%) had specific abnormalities supportive of a diagnosis of an epilepsy. 17 of these EEGs showed the abnormality in EEG sequences "B" or "C" and 7 (95% CI: 1.9–12.2) out of these demonstrated the abnormality in sequence "C" only. 105 out of 297 EEGs had non-specific findings. Conclusion We conclude that reducing the recording time of standard EEGs to 15min may miss abnormalities in 2.36% [95% CI: 0.63–4.09%] overall and 6.42% [95% CI: 2.2–11.8%] of those with an abnormality supportive of an epilepsy to explain the reported symptoms. This result should inform any future discussions on seeking resource-efficiencies.
Rapid detection and identification of a pathogen’s DNA using Phi29 DNA polymerase

Zoonotic pathogens including those transmitted by insect vectors are some of the most deadly of all infectious diseases known to mankind. A number of these agents have been further weaponized and are widely recognized as being potentially significant biothreat agents. We describe a novel method based on multiply-primed rolling circle in vitro amplification for profiling genomic DNAs to permit rapid, cultivation-free differential detection and identification of circular plasmids in infectious agents. Using Phi29 DNA polymerase and a two-step priming reaction we could reproducibly detect and characterize by DNA sequencing circular DNA from Borrelia burgdorferi B31 in DNA samples containing as little as 25 pg of Borrelia DNA amongst a vast excess of human DNA. This simple technology can ultimately be adapted as a sensitive method to detect specific DNA from both known and unknown pathogens in a wide variety of complex environments.
Origin of the oceanic basalt basement of the Solomon Islands arc and its relationship to the Ontong Java Plateau—insights from Cenozoic plate motion models

Abstract Cenozoic global plate motion models based on a hotspot reference frame may provide a useful framework for analyzing the tectonic evolution of the Solomon Islands convergent margin. A postulated late Miocene collision of the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) with a NE-facing arc is consistent with the predicted path of the OJP across the Pacific Basin and its Miocene arrival at the trench. Late-stage igneous activity (65-30 Ma) predicted for the OJP as it rode over the Samoan hotspot occurred in correlative stratigraphic sections on Malaita, the supposed accreted flake of OJP in the Solomon Islands arc. Convergence similar to the present velocities between Australia and the Pacific plates was characteristic of the last 43 million years. Prior to 43 Ma Pacific-Australia plate motions were divergent, seemingly at odds with geologic evidence for early Tertiary convergence, particularly in Papua New Guinea. A postulated South Pacific plate may have existed between Australia and the Pacific plate and would have allowed implied northward subduction along the northeastern Australia plate boundary that lasted into the early Eocene. Subsequent reorganization of plate motions in the middle Eocene correlates with middle Eocene marginal basin formation along ridges oblique to the main plate boundary. Cessation of spreading on the Pacific-South Pacific Ridge and its subsequent subduction beneath Asia followed the change in Pacific plate motion at 43 Ma. A trapped remnant of the extinct, NW-trending ridge may still lie beneath the western Philippine Sea. The terminal deformation, metamorphism and ophiolite obduction in the Eocene orogen of the southwest Pacific also correlates with the major change in Pacific plate motion at 43 Ma and the subsequent compression of the dying Eocene arc against outlying continental and oceanic crustal blocks of the Australian plate. The Solomon Islands oceanic basement may represent juxtaposition of oceanic plateaus of the Australian plate beneath overthrust, dismembered ophiolite derived from adjacent marginal basin crust.