cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Adenovirus E1A Protein on Interferon-Signaling

We have previously shown that adenovirus E1A proteins can block interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha)-signalling. In the current study, we examined if the same is true for IFN-gamma signaling. Cotransfection experiments showed that both 289R and 243R forms of E1A could block the expression of an IFN-gamma-inducible reporter gene. Similarly, in an E1A-expressing HeLa cell line IFN-gamma failed to induce the synthesis of IRF-1 mRNA. This failure was due to a block in activation of the crucial trans-acting factor, GAF, which in turn was due to the lack of IFN-gamma-activated tyrosine phosphorylation of the STAT1 alpha protein in E1A-expressing cells. The above defect could be attributed to a reduced level of STAT1 alpha protein. The level of p48 protein, which is required for IFN-alpha signaling, was also lowered. However, the level of lak-1 protein, one of the tyrosine kinases necessary for both IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma signalling, was comparable in the E1A-expressing and the control cells. These results indicate that the observed inhibition of IFN signalling in E1A-expressing cells is a consequence of a lower abundance of the necessary trnas-acting factors.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF MRI ASSESSMENT OF CORONARY ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION COMPARED WITH INVASIVE ANGIOGRAPHY

The diagnostic accuracy of MRI assessment of coronary endothelial function has not been well defined. vWe recruited patients with chest pain and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) who have undergone elective coronary angiography and invasive coronary physiologic testing. Patients
Development and Use of a Virtual NMR Facility

We have developed a "virtual NMR facility" (VNMRF) to enhance access to the NMR spectrometers in Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL). We use the term virtual facility to describe a real NMR facility made accessible via the Internet. The VNMRF combines secure remote operation of the EMSL's NMR spectrometers over the Internet with real-time videoconferencing, remotely controlled laboratory cameras, real-time computer display sharing, a Web-based electronic laboratory notebook, and other capabilities. Remote VNMRF users can see and converse with EMSL researchers, directly and securely control the EMSL spectrometers, and collaboratively analyze results. A customized Electronic Laboratory Notebook allows interactive Web-based access to group notes, experimental parameters, proposed molecular structures, and other aspects of a research project. This paper describes our experience developing a VNMRF and details the specific capabilities available through the EMSL VNMRF. We show how the VNMRF has evolved during a test project and present an evaluation of its impact in the EMSL and its potential as a model for other scientific facilities. All Collaboratory software used in the VNMRF is freely available from www.emsl.pnl.gov:2080/docs/collab.
The Struggle Over Meaning in Accounting and Corporate Research: A Comparative Evaluation of Conservative and Critical Historiography

This article examines the construction of systems of meaning at two levels: the writing of the history of the corporation; and the role of annual reports in constructing a system of meaning about the experiences of individual corporations.We argue that the transaction cost explanation of corporate history, which stresses the formative roles of technological and market forces, and management's quest for efficiency, serves to legitimate the modern corporate form and oligopolistic market structures. We provide an alternative, critical framework, which emphasises the importance of conflict over the distribution of income and wealth to our understanding of the emergence of modern corporate structures, strategies and accounting information systems.This alternative approach is illustrated through the history of General Motors' (GM) relations with the US State. The annual reports of the company are used as the primary, although not exclusive, source of data. We show that these documents represent history and current events in a partisan manner that makes them weapons in distributional conflicts.
Kriging Of Regional Hydrologic Properties In The Western San Joaquin Valley, California

Regional-scale hydrologic modeling is capable of assessing the impacts of irrigation practices and management strategies on water resources requires the estimation of spatially heterogeneous hydrologic properties. This paper shows how textural data from lithologic and geophysical logs of wells in the Western San Joaquin Valley, California, were kriged to obtain a regional spatial soil texture distribution. Surfaces obtained using three-dimensional indicator kriging are compared with those obtained using an inverse distance-weighting technique. Greatest differences between the methods occur where data with disparate values are clustered. Expected kriged values, which are less extreme than those from distance-weighting, are considered to be more representative of average values over three-dimensional spatial blocks, because they include the effect of local variability via the nuggest and use vertically correlated data. Anisotropic hydraulic conductivities are estimated from expected values of the kriged heterogeneous textural distribution to obtain improved estimates of regional hydrologic properties that also provide valuable information regarding uncertainty of the estimates.
Responses of mouse mammary gland casein mRNA to corticosteroid action and suckling

Abstract The consequence of adrenalectomy and cortisol treatment on lactating mammary gland polysomes and RNA to direct casein (determined by specific immunoprecipitation) synthesis in homologous (mammary ribosomes) and heterologous (ascites ribosomes) cell-free protein synthesis systems was assessed. Adrenalectomy-induced virtual loss of larger polysomes was accompanied by a corresponding reduction of in vitro casein synthesizing activity of the ribosomal aggregates of postpartum mammary cells and cortisol treatment prevented this adverse response. Adrenalectomy of lactating mothers also caused a 85–92% reduction of casein mRNA activity in phenol-chloroform extracted mammary RNA and this loss was preventable by cortisol treatment of the nursing mothers. After sodium dodecyl sulfite (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the predominantly synthesized polypeptide(s) both in the acid-insolble and the immunoprecipitable materials in the cell-free reaction product migrated in close correspondence with peak 3 of the milk proteins. The results demonstrate that the glucocorticoid is needed to maintain the high level of the mRNA for the milk protein in the postpartum mammary gland and responses of the polysomes may reflect the modulating action of the glucocoiticoid on the mRNA itself. It was also observed that intensity of suckling influences the functional casein mRNA population in the mammary gland of nursing mothers.
Marriage counseling for medicine and public health: strengthening the bond between these two health sectors.

Efforts to establish close relations between medicine and public health date back to the 4th century B.C., when Hippocrates urged physicians to recognize the environmental, social, and behavioral determinants of disease: the airs “peculiar to each particular region”; the “properties of the waters” that the inhabitants drink and use; and “the mode of life of the inhabitants, whether they are heavy drinkers, taking lunch, and inactive, or athletic, industrious, eating much and drinking little.” 1,2 Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), although considered the founder of cellular pathology, understood that the causes of premature death and disease were typically found outside the laboratory: Should medicine ever fulfill its great ends, it must enter into the larger political and social life of our time; it must indicate the barriers which obstruct the normal completion of the life-cycle and remove them. Should this ever come to pass, Medicine, whatever it may then be, will become the common good of all. 3
Steric stabilization of Stöber silica dispersions using organosilanes

Organosilanes of the general formula RxSi(OR′)4−x (where R is an alkyl group and R′ = CH3 or CH2CH3) were used to sterically stabilize hexane dispersions of submicrometre silica spheres. The dispersions were characterized according to sediment volume results. For 0.5μm silica particles, the sediment density increased by more than a factor of three up to 50 to 55% of theoretical in the presence of organosilanes with 12 or more carbons in the R group. Solid-state13C nuclear magnetic resonance was used to characterize the powder-dispersant interaction; this technique can distinguish between carbons in the R group of the organosilane and residual organic groups in the silica. Scanning electron micrographs of filter compacts were used to further characterize the dispersions and indicated the presence of primary particles as well as small agglomerates.
Extraction of SiO2/SiC interface trap profile in 4H- and 6H-SiC metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors from subthreshold characteristics at 25°C and 150°C

The profile of trap density at the SiO2/SiC interface in SiC metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) is critical to study the channel electron mobility and evaluate device performance under various processing and annealing conditions. In this work, we report on our results in determining the interface trap density in 4H- and 6H-SiC MOSFETs annealed in dry O2, NO, and CO2, respectively, based on the device transfer and currentvoltage characteristics in the subthreshold region at 25°C and 150°C. We also studied electron field-effect mobility, fixed oxide charge, and gate leakage in those devices.
Coupled model simulation of a Sun-to-Earth space weather event

This paper describes the 3D simulation of a space weather event using the coupled model approach adopted by the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM). The simulation employs corona, solar wind, and magnetosphere MHD models, and an upper atmosphere/ionosphere fluid dynamic model, with interfaces that exchange parameters specifying each component of the connected solar terrestrial system. A hypothetical coronal mass ejection is launched from the Sun by a process emulating photospheric field changes such as are observed with solar magnetographs. The associated ejected magnetic flux rope propagates into a realistically structured solar wind, producing a leading interplanetary shock, sheath, and magnetic cloud. These reach 1 AU where the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field parameters are used to drive the magnetosphere–ionosphere–thermosphere coupled model in the same manner as upstream in situ measurements. The simulated magnetosphere responds with a magnetic storm, producing enhanced convection and auroral energy inputs to the upper atmosphere/ionosphere. These results demonstrate the potential for future studies using a modular, systemic numerical modeling approach to space weather research and forecasting. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Pion electroproduction in the non-relativistic limit

Abstract Using a model based on the pseudovector Born terms, the Δ(1230) in the s- and u-channels, and the ω-meson, we have obtained pion electroproduction amplitudes from the nucleon in the non-relativistic limit. This model is an extension of the Blomqvist-Laget photopion production model and is in good agreement with experimental data for electron four-mornentum transfer squared up to approximately 0.3 GeV2. The electropion production amplitudes we obtain may be used in the investigation of electropion production from nuclei.
Thinking about Allegiance in the English Civil War

The opposition of the well-affected to the disaffected was a central feature of political discourse in the middle and late seventeenth century. If the disaffected did not exist, they had to be invented. Their secret machinations were held responsible for everything from military losses and fires to the presence of division in a theoretically harmonious polity. But the continuing proliferation of loyalty oaths, and debate over their wording, suggests that contemporaries wrestled with the question of how an individual's allegiance could be known. It was, moreover, an intriguing paradox of the period that 'loyalty' was held at highest value, yet the English experienced numerous changes of regime. The ways that individuals coped with the changing of sides and the ways that regimes accepted or rejected the conversions of former opponents, are crucial aspects of the seventeenth century's revolutionary legacy. Political allegiance itself, then, is a subject which deserves the close attention of historians.
The clinical examination for neuromuscular disease.

Neuromuscular disease can present even the most astute clinician with a challenging diagnostic dilemma. This article focuses on the neuroanatomy and the historical, physical, and neurologic examination findings observed in many of the neuromuscular disorders affecting dogs and cats. In addition, some common laboratory tests and imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disease, including routine radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, are discussed. Finally, a brief discussion of sensory nerve disorders is presented. For further in-depth discussion of specific disease processes, the reader is referred to other articles in this issue.
Derivatives Pricing under Bilateral Counterparty Risk

We consider risk-neutral valuation of a contingent claim under bilateral counterparty risk in a reduced-form setting similar to that of Duffie and Huang [1996] and Duffie and Singleton [1999]. The probabilistic valuation formulas derived under this framework cannot be usually used for practical pricing due to their recursive path-dependencies. Instead, finite-difference methods are used to solve the quasi-linear partial differential equations that equivalently represent the claim value function. By imposing restrictions on the dynamics of the risk-free rate and the stochastic intensities of the counterparties' default times, we develop path-independent probabilistic valuation formulas that have closed-form solution or can lead to computationally efficient pricing schemes. Our framework incorporates the so-called wrong way risk (WWR) as the two counterparty default intensities can depend on the derivatives values. Inspired by the work of Ghamami and Goldberg [2014] on the impact of WWR on credit value adjustment (CVA), we derive calibration-implied formulas that enable us to mathematically compare the derivatives values in the presence and absence of WWR. We illustrate that derivatives values under unilateral WWR need not be less than the derivatives values in the absence of WWR. A sufficient condition under which this inequality holds is that the price process follows a semimartingale with independent increments.
A “Boundary Layer” Method of Obtaining an Approximate Solution to the Infinite Fin Problem

The classical infinite fin problem is considered in this study. First the exact solution is stated in which temperature, heat transfer rate, effectiveness and fin efficiency are all given. Then the boundary layer method is used to obtain alternative solutions in polynomial form. Boundary conditions are written for this method, and applied in various combinations to an assumed temperature profile. First, second, and third order approximate solutions are derived. Temperature profiles obtained from these solutions are compared to that calculated from the exact solution. It is shown that as more terms are included in the assumed profile, the resultant expression better fits the exact solution. Very good agreement between the third order and exact solution was obtained. Also derived from the approximate solutions was a distance along the fin beyond which the temperature difference between the fin and the surroundings is negligible. This arbitrary distance is analogous to the boundary layer thickness for boundary layer flow over a flat plate.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Hormone action at the membrane level. IV. Epinephrine binding to rat liver plasma membranes and rat epididymal fat cells.

Abstract [ 3 H]Epinephrine binding to isolated purified rat liver plasma membrane is a reversible process. An initial peak in binding occurs at about 15 min and a plateau occurs by 50 min. Optimal binding occurred at a membrane protein concentration of 125μg. Rat liver plasma membranes stored at −70 °C up to 4 weeks showed no difference in epinephrine binding capacity as compared to control fresh membranes. Epinephrine binding to liver plasma membranes was decreased by 79% by phospholipase A 2 (phosphatide acylhydrolase EC 3. 1. 1. 4), 81% by phospholipase C (phosphatidylcholine choline phosphohydrolase EC 3.1.4.3) and 59% by phopholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase EC 3.1.4.4). Trypsin and pronase digestion of the membrane decreased epinephrine binding by 97 and 47% respectively. In the presence of 10 −3 M Mg 2+ ions, increasing concentrations of GTP decreased epinephrine binding to liver plasma membranes. A maximal effect was demonstrated with 10 −5 M GTP, representing an inhibition of 52% of the control. In a Mg 2+ -free system, epinephrine binding was unaffected by GTP. However, in a Mg 2+ -free system, increasing concentrations of ATP cause increasing inhibition of hormone binding. ATP at 10 -3 M reduced epinephrine binding to 28% of the control. GTP (10 −5 M) was shown to inhibit epinephrine uptake rather than epinephrine release from the membrane. [ 3 H]Epinephrine binding to isolated rat epididymal fat cells shows an initial peak within 5 min followed by a gradual rise which plateaus after 60 min. Epinephrine binding increased nearly linearly with increasing fat cell protein concentration (40–200 μg protein). GTP (10 −5 M) and ATP (10 −4 M) decreased epinephrine binding to rat epididymal fat cells by 41%. Nearly complete inhibition of binding was demonstrated with 10 −2 −10 −3 M ATP. Epinephrine analogs that contain two hydroxyl groups in the 3 and 4 position on the benzene ring act as inhibitors of [ 3 H]epinephrine binding to rat adipocytes. Alteration of the epinephrine side chain has relatively little influence on binding. Analogs in which one of the ring hydroxyl groups is missing or methylated are poor inhibitors of [ 3 H]epinephrine binding. Alpha-(phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine) and beta-(propranolol and dichorisoproterenol) adrenergic blocking agents were tested with respect to their ability to influence [ 3 H]epinephrine binding and their influence on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis. Only dichloroisoproterenol significantly inhibited epinephrine binding (by 25%). The two beta-adrenergic blocking agents caused an inhibition of epinephrine-stimulated glycerol release, with propranolol being most effective. Phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine had no significant effect on the epinephrine stimulation of glycerol release by fat cells.
Expression of heat shock and cold shock proteins in the gorgonian Leptogorgia virgulata

In this study, we analyzed the response of the temperate, shallow-water gorgonian, Leptogorgia virgulata, to temperature stress. Proteins were pulse labeled with 35 S-methionine/ cysteine for 1 h to 2 h at 221C (control), or 381C, or for 4 h at 12.51C. Heat shock induced synthesis of unique proteins of 112, 89, and 74 kDa, with 102, 98 and 56 kDa proteins present in the control as well. Cold shock from 221C-12.51C induced the synthesis of a 25 kDa protein, with a 44 kDa protein present in the control as well. Control samples expressed unique proteins of 38, and 33 kDa. Non- radioactive proteins expressed under the same conditions as above, as well as natural field conditions, were tested for reactivity with antibodies to heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSP60 was the major protein found in L. virgulata. Although HSP47, HSP60, and HSP104 were present in all samples, the expression of HSP60 was enhanced in heat stressed colonies, while HSP47 and HSP104 expression were greatest in cold shocked samples. Inducible HSP70 was expressed in cold-shocked, heat-shocked, and field samples. Constitutively expressed HSP70 was absent from all samples. The expression of HSP90 was limited to heat shocked colonies. The expression of both HSP70 and HSP104 suggests that the organism may also develop a stress tolerance response. J. Exp. Zool. 296A:98-107, 2003. r 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Subunit-selective interrogation of CO recombination in carbonmonoxy hemoglobin by isotope-edited time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy.

Hemoglobin (Hb) is an allosteric tetrameric protein made up of αβ heterodimers. The α and β chains are similar, but are chemically and structurally distinct. To investigate dynamical differences between the chains, we have prepared tetramers in which the chains are isotopically distinguishable, via reconstitution with 15N-heme. Ligand recombination and heme structural evolution, following HbCO dissociation, was monitored with chain selectivity by resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy. For α but not for β chains, the frequency of the ν4 porphyrin breathing mode increased on the microsecond time scale. This increase is a manifestation of proximal tension in the Hb T-state, and its time course is parallel to the formation of T contacts, as determined previously by UVRR spectroscopy. Despite the localization of proximal constraint in the α chains, geminate recombination was found to be equally probable in the two chains, with yields of 39 ± 2%. We discuss the possibility that this equivalence is coincidental, in ...
Extracorporeal photopheresis in heart transplant rejection

Up to 25% of heart transplant recipients develop rejection requiring intervention. While the majority respond to augmentation of immunomodulatory drug therapy, a subset of patients will remain refractory. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) appears particularly useful in the management of select heart transplant recipients at risk of rejection, with recurrent rejection, or rejection associated with hemodynamic compromise. This chapter summarizes the current clinical experience of ECP in heart transplantation. ECP appears to favorably affect both the cellular and humoral arms of the immune response to the allograft and promote a tolerogenic profile. These immunomodulatory effects also appear to decrease development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. ECP is generally well tolerated with few adverse effects and low infection risk.
Theory of pseudoplastic screen inks in orifice printing

The theory of orifice printing with high-viscosity nonNewtonian screenable inks in thick-film hybrids is presented. Theoretical models describing various aspects of the printing have been found from fluid mechanics. The nature of pressure losses in printing has been investigated using the law of conservation of energy. The rheological suitability of screenable inks in the orifice printing has been studied. The study shows that the pseudoplastic property of the inks seems to be desired for the flow inside the tube, but not as much at the tip of the nozzle, where Newtonian rheology is more suitable. >
The Role of Sexual Provocativeness, Rape History, and Observer Gender in Perceptions of Blame in Sexual Assault:

To assess joint influence of sexual provocativeness and prior sexual assault on perceptions of rape victims, males and females read rape reports presented in a factorial design that completely crossed levels of these variables. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated main effects for the independent variables but no interactions. Observers attributed more blame to victims whose preassault behavior was more provocative and who had a prior rape history. Relative to males, females were generally more empathic toward victims. Observers' perceptions were discussed in terms of attributions of causal and moral responsibility for assault.
Osmium staining of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in the rat adrenal cortex.

The zona fasciculata of the rat adrenal cortex synthesizes and secretes glucocorticoids. As observed after aldehyde fixation, the cells in this zone contain an extensive endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a small Golgi apparatus, a moderate number of lipid droplets, and abundant mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae. Numerous areas within the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial cristae appear clear. In addition, a small percentage of mitochondria encompasses large, clear areas. After immersion of finely minced adrenal cortex in unbuffered 2% OsO 4 (40–48 hr at 40°C), deposits of osmium are seen within the Golgi apparatus, the entirety of the ER, and occasionally within mitochondria. In some mitochondria, the deposits are within cristae; in others, within vacuoles; in still others, in both cristae and vacuoles. These localizations correspond best to the clear areas found in aldehyde-fixed tissue. Osmium is not deposited in lipid droplets, in bar-containing inclusions, in mitochondrial matrix inclusions, or in the peripheral, outer mitochondrial spaces. Addition of zinc-iodide to OsO 4 increases the amount of Golgi apparatus and mitochondrial staining. Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) does not affect the localization of deposits; hypophysectomy decreases mitochondrial staining. This study ( a ) emphasizes the necessity for electron microscopic confirmation of osmium localization when this technique is used as a Golgi apparatus stain; and ( b ) suggests that the ER-staining pattern may be consistent in cells actively synthesizing steroids or steroid-like compounds.
Adolescent binge alcohol exposure alters hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation in rats: effects on cell cycle kinetics

Binge alcohol exposure in adolescent rats potently inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis by altering neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and survival; however, it is not clear whether alcohol results in an increase or decrease in net proliferation. Thus, the effects of alcohol on hippocampal NPC cell cycle phase distribution and kinetics were assessed in an adolescent rat model of an alcohol use disorder. Cell cycle distribution was measured using a combination of markers (Ki-67, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and phosphohistone H3) to determine the proportion of NPCs within G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Cell cycle kinetics were calculated using a cumulative bromodeoxyuridine injection protocol to determine the effect of alcohol on cell cycle length and S-phase duration. Binge alcohol exposure reduced the proportion of NPCs in S-phase, but had no effect on G1 or G2/M phases, indicating that alcohol specifically targets S-phase of the cell cycle. Cell cycle kinetics studies revealed that alcohol reduced NPC cell cycle duration by 36% and shortened S-phase by 62%, suggesting that binge alcohol exposure accelerates progression through the cell cycle. This effect would be expected to increase NPC proliferation, which was supported by a slight, but significant increase in the number of Sox-2+ NPCs residing in the hippocampal subgranular zone following binge alcohol exposure. These studies suggest the mechanism of alcohol inhibition of neurogenesis and also reveal the earliest evidence of the compensatory neurogenesis reaction that has been observed a week after binge alcohol exposure.
Fish in Offshore Kelp Forests Affect Recruitment to Intertidal Barnacle Populations

Kelp forests along the coast of central California harbor juvenile rockfish that prey on the larvae of invertebrates from the rocky intertidal zone. This predation reduces recruitment to barnacle populations to 1/50 of the level in the absence of fish. The dynamics of the intertidal community are thus strongly coupled to the dynamics of the offshore kelp community.
Caloric restriction and physical activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Understanding the mechanism of energy flux may be critical for explaining how obesity has emerged as a public health epidemic. It is known that changes in caloric intake predictably alter physical activity levels (PA) in mammals. Here, our goal was to test the hypothesis that fasting induces a biphasic pattern of change in PA by measuring PA before and after long-term food deprivation in zebrafish. Compared to control-fed fish, food-deprived fish showed a significant increase in PA levels during the first 2 days of food deprivation. Subsequently, however, fasted fish showed a significant chronic decrease in PA compared to fish fed at weight-maintenance levels. These data are comparable to those seen with mammals, which also show a biphasic response of PA to caloric restriction. In a separate group of fish, long-term food deprivation, associated with decreases in PA, induced a significant increase in brain preproorexin mRNA levels compared to fed controls. No change in orexin mRNA was seen after 2 days of food deprivation. The finding that orexin mRNA expression is altered only after long-term starvation suggests that orexin may be coupled with the changes in PA seen at this time. Thus, the association between negative energy balance and reductions in PA occurs across genera in biology and is associated with predictable neurological changes in brain gene expression.
Case review and consideration for imaging and work evaluation of the pregnant bariatric patient.

Abstract Background There is an increasing trend toward morbid obesity in women of childbearing age and a subsequent increase in number of weight reduction surgeries in these individuals. As a result, special attention needs to be paid to potential postsurgical complications during pregnancy, particularly after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). We are presenting our small case series and our suggestions for management for the pregnant bariatric patient. The aim of this study is to review our institutional experience and present our algorithm to approach pregnant women presenting with abdominal pain and/or emesis after RYGB. Methods After Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective chart review was performed at a single center institution between 2010 and 2013. Data regarding clinical presentation, physical exam findings, laboratory values, radiographic studies, intraoperative findings, and clinical outcomes of both mother and fetus were collected and reviewed for pregnant patients with history of RYGB and abdominal distress. Results Five patients were identified. Patient age ranged from 22–34 years (mean 28.4). Gestational age ranged from 9–31 months (mean 19.2). Average body mass index at presentation was 30.3 kg/m 2 . Of the 5 patients, 4 presented with abdominal pain and one with intractable emesis. Four patients were taken to the operating room. One was successfully discharged. Two of the patients had an obstruction from adhesions, and the other 2 were found to have internal hernia. There was no mortality for either fetus or mother. One patient required premature delivery at 28 weeks. Conclusions Pregnant women with history of RYGB who present with abdominal pain should be evaluated urgently for internal hernia or obstruction. A systematic approach is needed to ensure prompt diagnosis.
Insight into substrate binding in Shibasaki's Li3(THF)n(BINOLate)3Ln complexes and implications in catalysis.

Heterobimetallic Lewis acids M3(THF)n(BINOLate)3Ln [M = Li, Na, K; Ln = lanthanide(III)] are exceptionally useful asymmetric catalysts that exhibit high levels of enantioselectivity across a wide range of reactions. Despite their prominence, important questions remain regarding the nature of the catalyst−substrate interactions and, therefore, the mechanism of catalyst operation. Reported herein are the isolation and structural characterization of 7- and 8-coordinate heterobimetallic complexes Li3(THF)4(BINOLate)3Ln(THF) [Ln = La, Pr, and Eu], Li3(py)5(BINOLate)3Ln(py) [Ln = Eu and Yb], and Li3(py)5(BINOLate)3La(py)2 [py = pyridine]. Solution binding studies of cyclohexenone, DMF, and pyridine with Li3(THF)n(BINOLate)3Ln [Ln = Eu, Pr, and Yb] and Li3(DMEDA)3(BINOLate)3Ln [Ln = La and Eu; DMEDA = N,N′-dimethylethylene diamine] demonstrate binding of these Lewis basic substrate analogues to the lanthanide center. The paramagnetic europium, ytterbium, and praseodymium complexes Li3(THF)n(BINOLate)3Ln induce r...
Adaptive capacity of co-management systems in the face of environmental change: The soft-shell clam fishery and invasive green crabs in Maine

Abstract Co-management, or regulatory decision-making through collaboration among user-groups, government officials, and scientists, has been proposed as an effective marine management tool in the face of environmental change. One potential advantage attributed to co-management is that such systems may have greater adaptive capacity than more conventional top-down management regimes. However, it is difficult to empirically test the relative adaptability of co-managed systems in the real world. This research uses a case study of the soft-shell clam fishery in Maine to investigate the question: Are co-managed systems better able to adapt to environmental change than are conventionally managed systems? This fishery provides an ideal system with which to address this question because (1) it is differentially managed, with some municipalities engaging in co-management and some in state management and (2) it faces an imminent environmental threat in the form of invasive predatory green crabs. This research first explores the scope of the green crab invasion in Maine, showing that although there have been no detectible impacts of green crabs on clam harvests to date, geographic overlaps of highly productive clam fisheries and high crab densities suggest a high likelihood of future impact. Second, to assess relative adaptability to this threat, this study quantifies differences between state- and co-managed systems across three attributes: user group stability, resource productivity, and institutional capacity to respond to change. It finds that co-managed clam fisheries have a higher degree of stability (i.e., a well defined user group), higher and more consistent productivity (i.e., more resources and incentives for sustained management), and greater institutional capacity to respond to change in the form of “conservation hours,” a flexible management tool employed in co-managed fisheries. These results indicate that co-managed clam fisheries are better prepared to adapt to environmental change than are conventionally managed fisheries.
Specific labeling of polypeptides at amino-terminal cysteine residues using Cy5-benzyl thioester.

Even for moderately sized proteins, the multiple occurrence of cysteine and lysine residues often prevents the specific labeling of polypeptides with a single probe. To increase specificity, a method was developed to convert the commonly available succinimidyl esters of fluorescent dyes into benzyl thioesters via trimethyl aluminum-activated benzyl mercaptan. The thioester can then be reacted very specifically with polypeptides containing an N-terminal cysteine residue, forming a stable amide bond, analogous to the native chemical ligation of peptide fragments. Both reaction steps are easy to perform and proceed to high yields. The practicability of the approach was demonstrated using the popular cyanine dye Cy5 and a soluble peptide, and it is expected to be applicable to a wide range of succinimidyl esters and both chemically and recombinantly synthesized proteins. The method should dramatically facilitate the preparation of proteins for experiments requiring exact positioning of labels, for instance, F...
Far-infrared shifted cyclotron resonance in a charge-density-wave system, NbSe3

Abstract Cyclotron resonance studies on the charge-density-wave metal NbSe 3 at 2 Kelvin reveal two types of free carriers (with effective mass 0 3 .18m 0 and 0.71 m 0 respectively.) The measured lifetimes agree with earlier estimates of the dc mobility. An unexplained shift of the resonance field of the form ω 0 2 + ω c 2 is observed when the laser electric field is polarized perpendicular to the chain direction.
CHLORAL HYDRATE VS. MIDAZOLAM FOR SEDATION DURING NEUROIMAGING. • 778

Despite their widespread use, the comparative safety and efficacy of chloral hydrate vs. midazolam for sedation of children has not been adequately studied. In a double-blind, randomized trial, we enrolled 40 children, ages 2 mo. to 8 yrs., in an out-patient neuroimaging study. Following informed consent and initial vital signs, children received identically appearing liquids of equal volume of either chloral hydrate (75 mg/kg; max. 2 gm) or midazolam (0.5 mg/kg; max. 10 mg) by mouth. Children were monitored serially for changes in arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, pulse, respiration, and anxiety. Efficacy was judged by evaluating the child's readiness for and ability to complete the intended scan. Supplemental dosing was administered for inadequate sedation 30 min after initial medication. Comparisons were performed using chi-square for dichotomous and an unpaired student's t test for continuous data, with significance set at P≤ 0.05. Of 40 enrolled children, 33 completed the protocol, for 13 computerized axial tomography and 20 magnetic resonance imaging studies. Efficacy was significantly improved for the chloral hydrate group, based upon the ability to perform the scan (100% vs. 50% for midazolam) and the need for supplementary dosing (9% vs. 55% for midazolam), P<0.05. Mean duration of sedation was not different (95± 26 min vs. 76 ± 39 for midazolam; P=NS). No physiological deterioration occurred and no oxygen administration or resuscitation was required. We conclude that oral chloral hydrate provides more effective sedation than midazolam for brief neuroimaging studies at these dosages.
Examining natural rock varnish and weathering rinds with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for application to ChemCam on Mars

A laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument is traveling to Mars as part of ChemCam on the Mars Science Laboratory rover. Martian rocks have weathered exteriors that obscure their bulk compositions. We examine weathered rocks with LIBS in a martian atmosphere to improve interpretations of ChemCam rock analyses on Mars. Profile data are analyzed using principal component analysis, and coatings and rinds are examined using scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Our results show that LIBS is sensitive to minor compositional changes with depth and correctly identifies rock type even if the series of laser pulses does not penetrate to unweathered material.
Particle size limits when using optical trapping and deflection of particles for sorting using diode laser bars

We explore a simple, inexpensive approach to large particle manipulation using diode laser bar optical trapping. This method overcomes limitations that prevent conventional point laser traps from effectively directing large particles. Expanding a previously developed line optical trap model into larger particle regimes, we verify and examine the advantages and limitations of diode laser bar trapping for manipulating particles greater than 100 microm in diameter within fluidic environments for biochemical, biological, and biomedical applications.
Comparison of measured ozone in southeastern Virginia with computer predictions from a photochemical model.

Data for one day of the 1977 southeastern Virginia urban plume study are compared with computer predictions from a traveling air parcel model using a contemporary photochemical mechanism with a minimal description of nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) constitution and chemistry. With measured initial NOx and O3 concentrations and a current separate estimate of urban source loading input to the model, and for a variation of initial NMHC over a reasonable range, an ozone increase over the day is predicted from the photochemical simulation which is consistent with the flight path averaged airborne data.
The influence of lens chromatic aberration on electron energy-loss spectroscopy quantitative measurements.

An investigation has been made into the effect of chromatic aberrations of a pre-spectrometer lens system on quantitative elemental analysis by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). In transmission electron microscopy (TEM) diffraction mode, the measured effects are typically 150–330 times larger than if only objectiv-lens chromatic aberration were important. We discuss several methods of avoiding errors arising from chromatic aberration, including selection of a suitable optical mode (dependent on the desired spatial resolution), adjustment of the TEM imaging system so as to focus the system for a chosen energy loss, and analysis of a large area of a uniform specimen. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Aging of the immune system

A review of the literature shows that the thymus is the major reason for aging of the immune system. A graph of the mouse thymus mass is linear with age after puberty. However, T cell function is determined by thymic hormone factors and serum thymic factors. The net result is that T cell function is so affected that there is a deficit in T cell responsiveness. For humans a graph of 1-I (I is immunological efficiency) versus age is a straight line on a semi-log plot. The slope of the line is about the same as the incidence of class I cancer incidence vs. age.
Insight into current symptoms of schizophrenia. Association with frontal cortical function and affect

Objective: Examine whether frontal lobe dysfunction or affective experiences correlates with lack of symptom awareness in schizophrenia. Method: A total of 122 consecutive adult schizophrenia outpatients were assessed cross-sectionally with standard rating scales of psychopathology and of insight, and underwent neuropsychological assessment with a battery of tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. Correlational analyses were used to determine relationships between variables. Results: About 62% of patients had at least partial awareness of symptoms. Anxiety correlated modestly with insight into the abnormal nature of positive and negative symptoms. No cognitive variable was significantly correlated with symptom awareness. Conclusion: The pathological nature of symptoms is better recognized by patients who experience dysphoric affect. Neither severity of psychotic symptoms nor frontal lobe cognitive deficits correlates to symptom awareness. Lack of insight, which can be partial for symptoms of the illness, might be a non-reducible symptom of schizophrenia.
H I Imaging Observations of Superthin Galaxies. I. UGC 7321

We have used the Very Large Array to image the isolated "superthin" galaxy UGC 7321 in the H I line with a spatial resolution of 16'' and a spectral resolution of 24 kHz (5.2 km s-1). We have reached a sensitivity of (0.36–0.40) mJy beam-1 channel-1, which correspond to a column density of (8–9) × 1018 atoms cm-2 (1 σ). UGC 7321 has a gas-rich disk, with MH I = (1.06 ± 0.01) × 109 d M⊙ and MH I/LB = 1.0 (d10 is the distance to UGC 7321 in units of 10 Mpc, the value adopted in this paper), and no detectable radio continuum emission (FCONT = 0.41 ± 0.25 mJy). The global H I distribution of UGC 7321 is rather symmetric and extends to ~1.5 times the optical radius (DH I = 865 ± 015 at nH I = 3 × 1019 atoms cm-2). An "integral sign" warp is observed in the H I disk, commencing near the edge of the stellar distribution and twisting back toward the equatorial plane in the outermost regions. In addition, the position-velocity diagram suggests the presence of a bar or inner arm within ~40'' from the center. The rotation curve of UGC 7321 is slowly rising; it reaches its asymptotic velocity of ~110 km s-1 at ~25 from the center (about 0.9 optical radii) and declines near the edge of the H I disk. The ratio of the inferred dynamical mass to the mass in gas and stars is ~12d, implying that UGC 7321 is a highly dark-matter–dominated galaxy.
Is the adoption of electronic health record system “contagious”?

Abstract The adoption of Electronic Health Record (EHR) system is complicated. Based on extensive literature review and drawing upon two theories—social contagion theory and task technology fit theory—I argue that the adoption of EHR system is contagious among health care providers; however, the contagion effect depends on the fit between the characteristics of EHR system and the characteristics of health care providers. The statistical analysis on the responses from practitioners in various health care providers supports my argument.
Sea of polymer pillars electrical and optical chip I/O interconnections for gigascale integration

Optical chip-to-chip communication is a promising technology that can mitigate some of the performance short-comings of electrical interconnections, especially bandwidth. Moreover, future high-performance chips are projected to drain hundreds of amperes of supply current. To this end, it is important to develop a high-density and high-performance integrated electrical and optical chip I/O interconnection technology. We describe sea of polymer pillars (or polymer pins), which enables the simultaneous batch fabrication of electrical and optical I/O interconnections at the wafer-level. The electrical and optical I/O interconnections are designed to be laterally compliant to minimize the stresses on the die's low-k dielectric as well as to maintain optical alignment between the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)-mismatched board and die during thermal cycling. We demonstrate the fabrication and mechanical performance of various size and aspect ratio electrical and optical polymer pillars. We also describe methods of fabricating polymer pillars with nonflat tip surface area for optical interconnection.
In vitro and ex vivo effects of cyclosporin A on phagocytic host defenses against Aspergillus fumigatus.

Because cyclosporin A (CsA) is extensively used as an immunosuppressive agent, its effects on phagocytic defenses against Aspergillus fumigatus were studied in vitro and ex vivo. After incubation with 10 to 250 ng of CsA per ml at 37 degrees C for 60 min, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) exhibited unaltered superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to phorbol myristate acetate and N-formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine, whereas > or = 500 ng/ml significantly suppressed it (P or = 250 ng/ml, CsA suppressed the function (P < 0.01). Although neither CsA (250 ng/ml) nor hydrocortisone (10 micrograms/ml) suppressed PMN O2- production in response to phorbol myristate acetate and N-formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine, combination of the two agents reduced the function compared with that at the baseline (P < 0.05). Incubation of monocytes with 100 ng of CsA per ml for 1 or 2 days suppressed their antihyphal activity. No essential change in phagocytic activity of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) against A. fumigatus conidia, tested as the percentage of phagocytosing MDMs and average number of MDM-associated conidia, was detected after 2 or 4 days of incubation with 10 to 1,000 ng of CsA per ml. Furthermore, in rabbits treated with CsA (up to 20 mg/kg of body weight per day intravenously for 7 days), neither O2- production and hyphal damage caused by PMNs or monocytes against hyphae nor phagocytosis of conidia by pulmonary alveolar macrophages was significantly suppressed. Thus, these results demonstrated that CsA within therapeutically relevant concentrations does not suppress antifungal activity of phagocytes except that of circulating monocytes. However, it may induce significant immunosuppression of phagocytes' antifungal function at relatively high concentrations in vitro, especially when combined with corticosteroids.
Existence of a phase transition for entanglement percolation

We consider the bond percolation model on the three-dimensional cubic lattice, in which individual edges are retained independently with probability p. We shall describe a subgraph of the lattice as ‘entangled’ if, roughly speaking, it cannot be ‘pulled apart’ in three dimensions. We shall discuss possible ways of turning this into a rigorous definition of entanglement. For a broad class of such definitions, we shall prove that for p sufficiently close to zero, the graph of retained edges has no infinite entangled subgraph almost surely, thereby establishing that there is a phase transition for entanglement at some value of p strictly between zero and unity.