cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patellar Tendon Excision and Repair for Residual Patella Alta after Prior Failed Patellar Tendon Repair: Surgical Decision Making and Outcome

Presented in this report is a complex revision case of a patellar tendon repair preceded by excess tendon excision to correct for recurrent patella alta deformity, in a workers’ compensation patient. The goal of this procedure was to alleviate this patient’s pain, to preserve his ability to function in his activities of daily living, and to allow him to return to work at some capacity. On postoperative radiographs, the revision procedure appeared to have successfully corrected this patient’s patella alta deformity. After an extended rehabilitation process, this patient had reached maximal medical improvement at 1-year follow-up. He displayed modest improvements in all PROs, including a clinically significant improvement in his short-form mental component score. Despite his functional capacity being still somewhat limited, this patient reported subjective satisfaction after this complicated salvage procedure.
Characteristics of Dog Bites in Arkansas.

OBJECTIVE Dog bite injuries are encountered frequently in emergency departments and can cause significant morbidity. The objective of this study was to explore the associations between the multiple variables at play during these occurrences (eg, the patient's age, the bite location, the bite severity, the dog's relationship with the patient, the breed of dog). METHODS This two-institution study collected and analyzed dog bite data from Arkansas' only Level I trauma centers. The charts of 740 patients were included in our retrospective chart review. The chart review extracted data, including each individual patient's age, sex, dog bite location, and dog bite severity, as well as the patient's relationship to the dog and the dog's breed. To determine the relation between and among variables, contingency tables were created and analyzed to determine odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). In addition, standard t tests were used in statistical comparisons of means and proportions. RESULTS Of the 740 patient charts reviewed, 574 were for patients who presented to Arkansas Children's Hospital and 166 were for patients who presented to the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Of the patients across both institutions, 267 (37.1%) required some form of repair, with 225 (30.4%) receiving closure within the emergency department and 42 (6.7%) requiring an operative intervention. Among children, those younger than age 5 years were >8 times as likely to require an operative repair (OR 8.1, 95% CI 2.77-23.58, P 4 times as likely to be bitten on the head and neck (OR 4.30, 95% CI 3.00-6.16, P 3 times as likely to be bitten on an extremity (OR 3.43, 95% CI 2.08-5.65, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this retrospective review are aligned mostly with the general trends found in previous national and global studies, supporting the notion that family dogs represent a more significant threat than often is realized and that, among the breeds identified, pit bulls are proportionally linked with more severe bite injuries. Our data further validate previous studies that note an increased risk of bites and bite severity in children younger than 5 years. In addition, our data show that bites to the head and neck occurred more frequently among children younger than 5 years than among older children, and that boys younger than 5 years were bitten more frequently than girls.
Control of Phytophthora species in plant stock for habitat restoration through best management practices

Emergent plant pathogens represent one of the most significant threats to biodiversity, and exotic Phytophthora species have recently emerged as a serious problem in restored habitats in California and in nurseries producing the plant stock. It is hypothesized that ‘best management practices’ prescribed through a Phytophthora Prevention Programme (PPP) could be useful in minimizing phytophthora disease incidence. To understand the magnitude of the problem and the efficacy of the PPP, plants in restoration nurseries were evaluated for (i) the Phytophthora species assemblage present in the absence of the PPP, and (ii) the effectiveness of the PPP to reduce them. Sampling included 203 plants grown in the absence of the PPP, and 294 grown implementing the PPP. Only samples collected in the absence of the PPP were Phytophthora‐positive, and cumulatively yielded 55 isolates from 13 different taxa, including 1 putative interspecific hybrid genotype. There were 21 novel Phytophthora–plant species combinations. The most common Phytophthora species was P. cactorum. Four plant species had the highest disease incidence, namely: Diplacus aurantiacus (50 ± 11.2%), Heteromeles arbutifolia (33 ± 9.6%), Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (30 ± 8.4%), and Frangula californica (30 ± 8.4%). Disease incidence in nurseries after the implementation of the PPP dropped to zero (P < 0.001), and was unaffected to any significant degree by nursery differences, or plant species tested. This study identifies a large number of novel ‘plant species × Phytophthora species’ combinations, and provides for the first time strong evidence that the PPP significantly reduced Phytophthora in plant stock for habitat restoration.
Negative Consequences of Providing Nursing Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Background Compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout are negative consequences of providing nursing care among nurses. Purpose This cross-sectional study examined a model of negative consequences of providing nursing care (i.e., compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Methods Data were collected from 174 registered nurses in the level III and IV NICUs in a Midwestern state. Moderated mediation analysis was conducted. Findings Self-compassion mediated the relationship between strength of the nurse-infant/family relationship and the negative consequences only when the nurse-physician-collegiality was high. There was no such relationship when the level was low. Discussion The study findings support the model of a mechanism for the development of negative consequences, involving self-compassion and nurse-physician collegiality. Conclusions The findings may be applied to development of interventions to address negative consequences in nurses and help nursing administrators reduce staff nurses’ negative consequences.
Needle electromyography and histopathologic correlation in myopathies.

Introduction Needle electromyography (EMG) findings help confirm myopathy and may indicate specific pathologic changes on muscle biopsy. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 218 consecutive patients referred for muscle biopsy. Presence of specific needle EMG findings was correlated with pathologic findings of inflammation, necrosis, splitting, and vacuolar changes. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of specific EMG findings for pathologic changes were calculated. Results Short-duration motor unit potentials (MUP) were sensitive (83%-94%) but not specific (34%-49%) for pathologic changes. Fibrillation potentials were 65%-74% sensitive and 58%-81% specific for inflammation, necrosis, splitting, or vacuolar changes. The absence of fibrillation potentials had high negative predictive value (82%-93%) for inflammation, splitting, or vacuolar changes. Discussion Fibrillation potentials and short-duration MUPs predict pathologic changes of muscle fiber necrosis, splitting, and/or vacuolar changes (as seen with inflammatory myopathies and muscular dystrophies). Absence of fibrillation potentials suggests other myopathologic changes (e.g., congenital myopathy). Muscle Nerve 59:315-320, 2019.
Gold Supported on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Biochemical Energy Harnessing

We present a common technique for linking proteins covalently to a hydrophilic gold surface via amine coupling to enable direct electron transfer (DET) between the enzyme and the current collector in an electrochemical power source. Enzymes were covalently attached to a thin gold film supported on buckypaper electrodes using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing alkanethiols with amine functional groups. The bioanode and biocathode were functionalized with pyroquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) and bilirubin oxidase (BOD), respectively via EDC/NHS coupling. The assembled enzymatic biofuel cell produced a power density directly proportional to the glucose analyte and reached a maximum power density of 14.4 mW cm−2 at 144 mV in 100 mM glucose. An open circuit voltage of 500 mV and a maximum current and power densities of $\mathbf{120}\ \mu \mathbf{Acm}^{-2}$ and 3.0 mW cm−2, respectively in 10 mM glucose. This demonstrates the capability to achieve DET and the covalent coupling between the biocatalysts and the gold thin-film supported on buckypaper, thereby paving the way for the development of stable electron communication in electrochemical power sources.
Robot-driven Trajectory Improvement for Feeding Tasks

Kinesthetic learning is a type of learning from demonstration in which the teacher manually moves the robot through the demonstrated trajectory. It shows great promise in the area of assistive robotics since it enables a caretaker who is not an expert in computer programming to communicate a novel task to an assistive robot. However, the trajectory the caretaker demonstrates to solve the task may be a high-cost trajectory for the robot. The demonstrated trajectory could be high-cost because the teacher does not know what trajectories are easy or hard for the robot to perform, which would be due to a limitation of the teacher's knowledge, or because the teacher has difficulty moving all the robotic joints precisely along the desired trajectories, which would be due to a limitation of the teacher's coordination. We propose the Parameterized Similar Path Search (PSPS) algorithm to extend kinesthetic learning so that a robot can improve the learned trajectory over a known cost function. This algorithm is based on active learning from the robot through collaboration between the robot's knowledge of the cost function and the caretaker's knowledge of the constraints of the assigned task.
A correlative analysis of biochemical and radiologic hepatic disease in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA).

e15163 Background: The liver is the most common site of distant metastases (mets) in patients with PA. We aimed to study radiomorphology of PA-related liver mets and its correlation with the degree...
The Interpretive Turn: It's Our Turn

This is the text of the keynote address for the 2018 NACADA Annual Conference in Phoenix, Arizonia. The author discusses two main epistemologies in academic advising research and practice, and argu...
Court Adaptations during COVID-19 in the World's Two Largest Democracies

Physical distancing measures to mitigate COVID-19 have significantly disrupted the judiciaries of both the United State and India. Courts are strained by an increased case backlog during and immediately after pandemics, as they receive more incoming cases and are less able to process them. Public safety interventions and economic decline cause the caseload to increase. The rate at which courts process cases, known as their disposal rate, decreases as in-person courtroom procedures are interrupted due to physical distancing requirements. Since the start of COVID-19, disposal rates have remained relatively high in the United States while they have plummeted in India. This article explores the main reasons for this difference, particularly the role of virtual courts. It also analyzes the benefits of virtual courts as well as their challenges, including data security and privacy, connectivity and remote access to files, and accountability to the public.
Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enzyme Immobilization: Beyond Host Matrix Materials

Enzyme immobilization in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a promising strategy is attracting the interest of scientists from different disciplines with the expansion of MOFs' development. Different from other traditional host materials, their unique strengths of high surface areas, large yet adjustable pore sizes, functionalizable pore walls, and diverse architectures make MOFs an ideal platform to investigate hosted enzymes, which is critical to the industrial and commercial process. In addition to the protective function of MOFs, the extensive roles of MOFs in the enzyme immobilization are being well-explored by making full use of their remarkable properties like well-defined structure, high porosity, and tunable functionality. Such development shifts the focus from the exploration of immobilization strategies toward functionalization. Meanwhile, this would undoubtedly contribute to a better understanding of enzymes in regards to the structural transformation after being hosted in a confinement environment, particularly to the orientation and conformation change as well as the interplay between enzyme and matrix MOFs. In this Outlook, we target a comprehensive review of the role diversities of the host matrix MOF based on the current enzyme immobilization research, along with proposing an outlook toward the future development of this field, including the representatives of potential techniques and methodologies being capable of studying the hosted enzymes.
#BlackintheIvory: culturally responsive mentoring with black women doctoral students and a black male mentor

This article examines a culturally responsive mentoring approach, and how it is enacted and experienced by two Black women doctoral students in relation to their Black male faculty mentor. Autoethn...
Systemism and New Area Studies: An Application to the Integrated Capabilities Framework

With the advent of New Area Studies, interdisciplinary research is entering into an exciting era. Application of insights from the humanities to the study of politics already can boast of considerable results. The ultimate success of New Area Studies, however, is not guaranteed. On the one hand, implementing frameworks from a wide range of fields beyond the social sciences can yield intellectual payoffs beyond what might be obtained under more restrictive conditions. On the other hand, a panoramic approach to political analysis creates ongoing challenges to effective communication. What if the blending together of many disciplines results in a figurative Tower of Babel rather than a well-integrated body of knowledge? Systemism, which features a graphic approach to portrayal of arguments, is put forward as a method that can assist New Area Studies in meeting the challenge posed by engagements between and among a wide range of disciplines that entail vastly different terminologies and approaches toward research. To show the value of systemism in action, a study of the Integrated Capabilities Framework from Hodgett and Clark (2011) will be converted into a diagrammatic exposition. Work concludes with further ideas for how systemism can help New Area Studies as it seeks to incorporate insights from a variety of fields within the humanities.
In the blink of an eye: Quantitative blink dynamics predict deceptive personality traits in forensic interviews

Abstract It is commonly believed that eye movements and blinks can be indicative of deception, however, there are few laboratory studies of such effects in general and no studies in real-world forensic populations in particular. Here we test the hypothesis that automated eye blink detection and blink frequency dynamics would predict trait levels of deception in a forensic sample. Participants were incarcerated male offenders (n = 125) undergoing life history interviews which were used in part to assess psychopathic personality traits using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized in part by trait dishonesty, manipulation, and pathological lying. We developed a novel automated image analyses approach using hidden Markov machines, where the assumption is that an underlying hidden process influences the observable, measurable process (i.e., deception). Consistent with hypotheses, blink dynamics were predictive of interpersonal psychopathic traits (i.e., pathological lying and conning/manipulative behavior). This study provides the first evidence that blink dynamics from a naturalistic forensic interview, may help understand individual differences in trait deception.
PennDemic Simulation Framework: An Innovative Approach to Increase Student Interest and Confidence in Disasters Preparedness/Response and Interdisciplinary Teamwork.

An interdisciplinary group from two higher-education institutions in Philadelphia developed a novel framework for interprofessional education. This framework was applied to two different scenarios (disease outbreak and natural disaster, which were used in simulations in 2018 and 2020. By design, these simulations included students from a broad range of disciplines, beyond the typical healthcare fields. Students were first grouped by discipline and were then placed in interdisciplinary teams for the rest of the scenario. Students were administered four surveys throughout which included 10 point-Likert scale and free response questions. A statistically significant post-simulation increase in student interest and confidence was found. Survey analysis also revealed higher scores of positive group behaviors among interdisciplinary teams when compared to discipline groups. Importantly, students realized the importance of broad representation of disciplines for disaster preparedness. The PennDemic framework may be helpful for teams looking to develop simulations to build interest and confidence in disaster preparedness/response and interdisciplinary teamwork.
Intravascular Ultrasound Use for Iliac Vein Interventions

To summarize the most clinically pertinent data supporting IVUS in deep venous procedures, the basics of IVUS interpretation, technical steps of iliac vein stenting, and typical interventional case examples of acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and non-thrombotic iliac vein lesion (NIVL). Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has a fundamental role in deep venous diagnostic and interventional procedures. Venography, although essential and complimentary to IVUS, has many limitations which render it insufficient as a stand-alone imaging modality in deep venous interventions. The diagnostic and prognostic value of IVUS is well-established in the medical literature, and its use in routine practice does not only help achieve optimal clinical results, but also prevent catastrophic complications. According to most experts in the field, IVUS is now considered to be mandatory for optimal short-term and long-term clinical outcomes of deep venous interventions.
Generator Interconnection, Network Expansion, and Energy Transition

Inefficient coordination between decentralized generation investment and centralized transmission planning is a significant barrier to achieving rapid decarbonization in liberalized electricity markets. While the optimal configuration of the transmission grid depends on the relative social costs of competing technologies, existing processes have not led to transmission expansion consistent with declines in the cost of wind and solar combined with increased estimates of the social costs of traditional thermal resources. To break the negative feedback loop preventing efficient network expansion, this paper proposes an inversion of the generator interconnection process in conjunction with modifications in the definition of financial rights connected with transmission service. From a generator perspective, the effect of the proposed reforms is to trade highly uncertain network upgrade and congestion costs for a fixed interconnection fee. From a transmission planning perspective, the goal is to improve the quality of information about new generation included in forward-looking planning processes. Simulation on a stylized two-node system demonstrates the potential of the approach to facilitate a transition to clean technologies.
Einflußfaktoren für das Interesse an sozialen Indikatoren

In diesem Kapitel wenden wir uns den Bestimmungsfaktoren fur das theoretische und politische Interesse an Sozialindikatoren und an einem umfassenden System gesellschaftlicher Berichterstattung zu. Da die Systemprobleme sozialer Indikatoren den Gegenstand des dritten Kapitels bilden und das Konzept der Sozialindikatoren erst im zweiten Kapitel unter verschiedenen Aspekten systematisch entwickelt wird, benotigen wir fur die Verstandigung im ersten Kapitel eine vorlaufige Begriffsfassung des Indikatorenkonzeptes, die erst spater modifiziert und verfeinert wird.
Chaotic Dynamics in Adaptive Systems

The theory for iterated mappings on the interval is used to study transients and stability properties of a simple adaptive system. Sources of instability and parameter drift are identified. The existence of chaotic attractors is proven by using results due to Sarkovskii (1964) and Li and Yorke (1975). The instabilities persist when common modifications like deadzones, leakage and bounding are introduced in the adaptive law. In the paper a first order system is studied. Most of the properties established have parallels in adaptive systems of arbitrary order.
Adverse Information and Allocations: Evidence from the Korean Modified Bookbuilding IPOs

The analyses of the comprehensive IPO bookbuilding information of the Korean KOSDAQ market from 2000 to 2002 show that adverse information from institutional investors drives down the offering price, creating close to a 100 percent initial return on average. Policy makers in the Korean IPO market regulate both price updating during bookbuilding process and allocation to institutional and retail investors. The primary findings of this research include: i) Institutional investors, particularly high yield fund investors, provide adverse information primarily in hot issues, ii) More shares are allocated to institutional investors when strong pre-market demands are revealed, iii) Investment bankers decide the offering price far lower than the market clearing price when institutional investors show strong interests, and iv) Underpricing from the market clearing price is severe, however, the aftermarket initial return is not particularly high when more shares are allocated to institutional investors. The overall results support the adverse information view. Institutional investors game the market by taking advantage of regulatory constraints on price update and allocation and underwriters mandatory stabilization on the post IPO markets.
EFFECTS OF BICARBONATE ON GROWTH OF PASTEURELLA PESTIS II. Carbon Dioxide Fixation Into Oxalacetate by Cell-Free Extracts

Baugh, C. L. (Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.), J. W. Lanham, and M. J. Surgalla. Effects of bicarbonate on growth of Pasteurella pestis. II. Carbon dioxide fixation into oxalacetate by cell-free extracts. J. Bacteriol. 88:553–558. 1964.—Enzyme preparations from Pasteurella pestis will carboxylate phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxalacetate by two distinct reactions. The reactions are similar to those catalyzed by the enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvic carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. No significant differences in enzyme characteristics or enzyme content were found when virulent cells were compared with avirulent under the conditions of our experiments. The carboxykinase of P. pestis differs from that of animal origin, because it is dependent upon adenine derivatives rather than inosine or guanosine nucleotides. The latter two nucleotides can act indirectly by way of adenosine nucleotides, because nucleoside diphosphokinase and myokinase are present in the extract.
Prediction Errors and Local Lyapunov Exponents

It is frequently asserted that in a chaotic system two initially close points will separate at an exponential rate governed by the largest global Lyapunov exponent. Local Lyapunov exponents, however, are more directly relevant to predictability. The difference between the local and global Lyapunov exponents, the large variations of local exponents over an attractor, and the saturation of error growth near the size of the attractor---all result in non-exponential scalings in errors at both short and long prediction times, sometimes even obscuring evidence of exponential growth. Failure to observe exponential error scaling cannot rule out deterministic chaos as an explanation. We demonstrate a simple model that quantitatively predicts observed error scaling from the local Lyapunov exponents, for both short and surprisingly long times. We comment on the relevance to atmospheric predictability as studied in the meteorological literature.
Predicting specificity in bZIP coiled-coil protein interactions

We present a method for predicting protein-protein interactions mediated by the coiled-coil motif. When tested on interactions between nearly all human and yeast bZIP proteins, our method identifies 70% of strong interactions while maintaining that 92% of predictions are correct. Furthermore, cross-validation testing shows that including the bZIP experimental data significantly improves performance. Our method can be used to predict bZIP interactions in other genomes and is a promising approach for predicting coiled-coil interactions more generally.
Adapting performance appraisal systems to changed technologies

John E. Oliver is Associate Professor of Management at Austin Peay State University in Clarksvi lle, TN, USA. He is the developer of the Oliver Organization Description Questionnaire (OODQ) and author of numerous articles in management and organizational behavior. His research and consulting interests include the study of individual differences, job des ign, organization design, socio-technical change, management sys tems, and their effect on productivity and sa tisfaction.
Molecular Diagnosis of Hearing Loss

This unit discusses an approach to identifying a genetic etiology in an individual with nonsyndromic hearing loss. The unit begins with a discussion of the decision-making process that can be used to determine whether specific genes and/or a large gene panel should be used for molecular diagnosis of a patient presenting with nonsyndromic hearing loss. Next, two protocols are presented: (1) a full gene-sequencing assay to identify mutations in the GJB2 gene (encoding connexin 26), the most common cause of congenital hearing loss, and (2) an assay to detect the presence of the GJB6-D13S1830 deletion, a 342-kb deletion that causes hearing loss in homozygosity or in combination with a single GJB2 mutation. Finally, the unit ends with a strategy for determining the clinical significance of the test results, which can be challenging given the extensive genetic heterogeneity associated with hearing loss.
Event-driven simulation and modeling of an RF oscillator

A novel simulation technique which uses an event-driven VHDL simulator to model phase noise behavior of an RF oscillator for wireless applications is proposed and demonstrated. The oscillator phase noise characteristic comprising of flat electronic noise, as well as, upconverted thermal and 1/f noise regions are described using time-domain equations and simulated as either accumulative or non-accumulative random perturbations of the fundamental oscillator period. The VHDL simulation environment was selected for its high simulation speed, the direct correlation between the simulated and built circuits and its ability to model mixed-signal systems of high complexity. The presented simulation technique has been successfully applied and validated in a Bluetooth transceiver IC fabricated in a digital 130 nm process.
Why learning doesn’t add up: equilibrium selection with a composition of learning rules

In this paper, we investigate the aggregate behavior of populations of learning agents. We compare the outcomes in homogenous populations learning in accordance with imitate the best dynamics and with replicator dynamics to outcomes in populations that mix these two learning rules. New outcomes can emerge. In certain games, a linear combination of the two rules almost always attains an equilibrium that homogenous learners almost never locate. Moreover, even when almost all weight is placed on one learning rule, the outcome can differ from homogenous use of that rule. Thus, allowing even an arbitrarily small chance of using an alternative learning style can shift a population to select a different equilibrium.
Directed nucleation of monomeric and dimeric uranium(VI) complexes with a room temperature carboxyl-functionalized phosphonium ionic liquid

The carboxyl-functionalized phosphonium ionic liquid (IL), [HCTMP][Tf(2)N], enabled the directed nucleation of monomeric or dimeric uranyl(vi) compounds. This new IL is the first carboxyl-functionalized IL which is liquid at room temperature and exhibits a wider electrochemical window and lower melting point than its ammonium analogue.
Optical Activity of 1-Butene, Butane, and Related Hydrocarbons

All molecules except those conformations that have a plane of symmetry, a center of inversion, or an improper axis of rotation are chiral. The magnitudes of the optical rotation of the chiral rotamers of 1-butene, butane, propene, propane, and ethane have been examined. Changes in optical rotation with torsional angle are quite large. The calculated specific rotations for 1-butene are about as large as those for the substituted 1-butenes previously studied, and changes in the basis set used in the calculations have relatively small effects on the rotations. With butane, the calculated specific rotations are somewhat smaller than found with 1-butene, and here, going from 6-311++G** to aug-cc-pVDZ has a major effect on the relationship between the C−C−C−C torsional angle and the calculated rotation. With propene, a change in basis set led to a change in the calculated rotation with torsional angle, and with propane, the magnitude of the specific rotation is markedly reduced, and the sign is changed on going...
The Effects of the Canadian Supreme Court's Charter Interpretation on Regional and Intergovernmental Tensions in Canada

Canada's adoption of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982 had a number of unexpected consequences. Many Canadians hoped that the Charter's adoption would help unify the country by creating a shared set of civil liberties; yet, it was also feared that the Charter would tip the balance of federal power in favor of thefederal government because it allowed the national Supreme Court to oversee provincial policymaking. Neither of these predictions has come to pass. In its Charter cases, the Supreme Court has neither made the national government its constitutionalfavorite nor helped to unify Canadians. The Court's language-rights cases helped catalyze Quebecois resentment toward the rest of Canada. Its preferential treatment of laws and court decisions from Ontario has the potential to increase Canada's regional antagonisms as well. These findings demonstrate that judicial power can have significant political effects that are not anticipated by constitutional reformers or the constitutions they adopt.
Influence of overdenture abutment tooth contour on the periodontium: A preliminary report

The effect of overdenture abutment tooth contour on plaque retention and periodontal health was evaluated in four patients over a 1-year period. Each patient had mandibular canines with similar periodontal support; however, one abutment was dome shaped while the other had 2 mm of natural peripheral root contour coronal to the ginvival margin. Eight parameters of periodontal health were measured, and no significant differences between different contours were observed after 1 year. Furthermore, irrespective of overdenture abutment contour, no deterioration in periodontal status occurred. Two subjects had significant wear of the overdenture abutments after 1 year. Further evaluation of more subjects over a longer period of time is indicated.
Treatment of hepatitis B

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects approximately 350 million people worldwide. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B is aimed at sustained suppression of HBV replication and remission of liver disease. Currently, antiviral treatment is indicated for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients in the immune clearance phase, and for HBeAg-negative patients with evidence of active liver disease and continued high levels of HBV replication. Treatment is not recommended for patients in the immune tolerance phase or the inactive carrier state, due to lack of efficacy of current treatment. This review updates safety and efficacy data of interferon alpha and lamivudine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Management strategies in different clinical scenarios and future treatments are also discussed.
Connecting Economic Models to the Real World Game Theory and the FCC Spectrum Auctions

Can social phenomena be understood by analyzing their parts? Contemporary economic theory often assumes that they can. The methodology of constructing models which trace the behavior of perfectly rational agents in idealized environments rests on the premise that such models, while restricted, help us isolate tendencies, that is, the stable separate effects of economic causes that can be used to explain and predict economic phenomena. In this paper, I question both the claim that models in economics supply claims about tendencies and also the view that economics, when successful, necessarily follows this method. When economics licenses successful policy interventions, as it did in the case of the Federal Communications Commission spectrum auctions, its method is not to study tendencies but rather to study the phenomenon as a whole.
A comparative study of micro-ammonia determinations in plasma using two different methods.

Two commercially available kits for determining blood ammonia were compared, an enzymatic method requiring a sample volume of 100μl and a nonenzymatic method requiring 1 ml of sample. Calibration curves for both kits were linear to 270 μmol/l, however correlation studies on plasma samples revealed a lack of agreement between methods (r = 0.825, Y = 0.76X + 51). Improved correlation occurs when portein interference is eliminated from the enzymatic procedure. Finally, the nonenzymatic method is modified to accommodate 100 μl of sample and compared to the original method.
Interpersonal and electrocardiographic responses of type A's and type B's in competitive socioeconomic games

Forty-eight subjects classified as either Type A (coronary-prone) or Type B (coronary-resistant) exchanged points worth money with a computer-simulated opponent while an electrocardiogram was computer-monitored and scored. Type A's were more aggressive during the socioeconomic exchanges than were Type B's. The more aggressive a subject during the interactions the greater was the shift toward depression of the ST segment of the electrocardiogram. Despite the relationship between aggression and ST response, and the greater aggressiveness of Type A's during the interactions, Type A's and Type B's did not differ significantly in ST response.
Measure Characteristic of UHV Power Frequency Voltage Ratio Standard

In order to meet the urgent needs of voltage measurement traceability and transfer in the construction of ultra-high voltage power grid, 1000kV series standard voltage transformer is developed as the standard instrument, and then its measurement characteristics is tested. According to the theory and construction of the series power frequency voltage ratio standard, semi-insulating transformer voltage summation is proposed to make the voltage ratio measurement of SSTV whose accuracy can reach the 0.02 level trace to the source of national power frequency ratio standard of 500kV successfully. The compatibility is better than compared to traditional voltage coefficient measuring method.
Left-right carotid blood flow predicts specialized mental ability.

Abstract Skin temperature over the ophthalmic branches of the internal carotid arteries indexes blood flow to the two sides of the head. Left-right temperature differences discriminate handedness, two kinds of left-handed people, and exceptional verbal or spatial ability.
Community composition and activities of denitrifying bacteria from adjacent agricultural soil, riparian soil, and creek sediment in Oregon, USA

Abstract We examined denitrifying bacteria from wet soils and creek sediment in an agroecosystem in Oregon, USA that received inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. Our objective was to determine the variation in denitrifying community composition and activities across three adjacent habitats: a fertilized agricultural field planted to perennial ryegrass, a naturally vegetated riparian area, and creek sediment. Using C 2 H 2 inhibition, denitrifying enzyme and N 2 O-reductase activities were determined in short-term incubations of anaerobic slurries. A key gene in the denitrification pathway, N 2 O reductase ( nosZ ), served as a marker for denitrifiers. Mean denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) was similar among habitats, ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 μg N g −1 dry soil h −1 . However, the ratio of N 2 O production, without C 2 H 2 , to DEA was substantially higher in riparian soil (0.64±0.02; mean±standard error, n =12) than in agricultural soil (0.19±0.02) or creek sediment (0.32±0.03). Mean N 2 O-reductase activity ranged from 0.5 to 3.2 μg N g −1 dry soil h −1 , with greater activity in agricultural soil than in riparian soil. Denitrifying community composition differed significantly among habitats based on nosZ terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The creek sediment community was unique. Communities in the agricultural and riparian soil were more closely related but distinct. A number of unique nosZ genotypes were detected in creek sediment. Sequences of nosZ obtained from riparian soil were closely related to nosZ from Bradyrhizobium japonicum . Although nosZ distribution and N 2 O-reductase activity differed among habitats, relationships between activity and community composition appeared uncoupled across the agroecosystem.
Studies of myosin isoforms in muscle cells: Single cell mechanics and gene transfer

Myosin, the motor protein in skeletal muscle, is composed of two subunits, myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain. All vertebrates express a family of myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain isoforms that together are primary determinants of force, velocity, and power in muscle fibers. Therefore, appropriate expression of myosin isoforms in skeletal muscle is critical to proper motor function. Myosin isoform expression is highly plastic and undergoes significant changes in response to muscular injury, muscle disuse, and disease. Therefore, myosin isoform function and plasticity are highly relevant to clinical orthopaedic research, musculoskeletal surgery, and sports medicine. Muscle from frogs offers a special opportunity to study the structural basis of contractile protein function because single intact fibers can be isolated that maintain excellent mechanical stability, allowing for high-resolution studies of contractile performance in intact cells. The current authors summarize recent studies defining the myosin isoforms in muscle from frogs and the relationship between myosin isoforms and mechanical performance of intact single muscle cells. Preliminary studies also are described that show the potential for simple plasmid-based in vivo gene transfer approaches as a model system to elucidate the structural basis of muscle protein function in intact cells.
Joint and Conditional Probability Distributions of Runoff Depth and Peak Discharge Using Entropy Theory

AbstractA nonlinear relationship between peak discharge and runoff volume (or depth = volume per unit area or rainfall amount), reported in the literature, was derived based on the standardized peak discharge distribution (SPDD) with regression analysis. However, the SPDD regression-based runoff model may only predict the mean behavior of peak discharge for a given runoff depth (i.e., the conditional expectation of peak discharge for a given runoff depth). This study proposes the application of entropy theory to derive the joint frequency distribution of peak discharge and runoff depth and the distribution of peak discharge conditioned on runoff depth. The conditional expectation of peak discharge (i.e., predicted peak discharge) for a given runoff depth is then compared with that obtained from the second-order SPDD regression-based runoff model. The entropy-based method is validated using data from 27 watersheds of different areas located in different climate regions in the United States. The results sho...
Improved model of maternal phenylketonuria in rats by use of lower dietary concentrations of α-methylphenylalanine and L-phenylalanine in a semipurified diet

Abstract Dietary concentrations of 0.5% DL-α-methyl phenylalanine (AMPhe), an inhibitor of phenylalanine hydroxylase, plus 3.0% L-phenylalanine (Phe) have been commonly used in a rat model of maternal phenylketonuria (PKU). The treatment causes a marked depression of the food consumption and weight gain of the gestating dam. A study was carried out to determine if lowering the dietary concentrations of AMPhe and Phe would improve the condition of the dam, yet permit the maintenance of the high blood Phe concentrations typical of PKU. Long-Evans rats were fed from day 11 until day 20 of gestation on AIN-76A semi-purified diet the same diet containing 0.25%, 0.42%, and 0.50% AMPhe plus L-Phe, using a AMPhe: Phe ratio of 1:6. All dietary levels of AMPhe + Phe except 0.25% AMPhe + 1.5% Phe resulted in similarly elevated fetal brain, fetal plasma or maternal plasma concentrations of Phe. Food intake and maternal weight gain were improved substantially at the lowest dietary levels of AMPhe + Phe. We conclude that the gestational model of PKU using Long-Evans rats fed AIN-76A diet can be improved by reducing the dietary concentrations of AMPhe and Phe to 0.35% and 2.1%, respectively.
How I Stopped Dreading and Learned to Love Transcription

As a novice qualitative researcher, the author had little idea of the significant and vital role of transcription in the qualitative research process until she undertook her own transcription tasks...
PERCEIVED BIAS IN THE PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES

Previous studies (e.g., Sloan, et al., 1985) have shown that viewers of a presidential debate often perceive bias in either the questioning of the candidates by the panelists or in the news analyses that always follow the debate. To evaluate perceived bias and other issues in the presidential debates, a group of 48 undergraduates were asked to view the second presidential debate between Bush and Dukakis. All participants completed a set of questionnaires (originally developed by Sloan, et of., 1985). These included a measure of perceived bias in a number of different areas during the debate. Analysis showed that only 16% of the viewers were familiar with the panelists who questioned the candidates, and only 18% agreed with the positions supported by the panelists' questions. Forty percent thought the debate had been of much value in terms of helping them make decisions about the candidates. In terms of support from the audience, 18% thought the TV audience supported Dukakis while only 4% thought the audience supported Bush; however, 33% perceived no difference in support for the two candidates. Interestingly enough, 62% of these viewers indicated that the panelists' questions were not necessarily more helpful to one cand~dnte than to the other. Only 6% thought the questions were more helpful to Dukakis, and 2% thought they were more helpful to Bush. Sixteen percent of the viewea thought this helpfulness was intentional, and about 10% thought it was unintentional. Surprisingly, 75% of the viewers reported that the panelists' questions were not biased in favor of one or the other candidate. (Only 2% thought they were biased in favor of Dukakis and 2% thought they were biased in favor of Bush.) Given the prior Democratic preference of these viewers, it was expected that they would perceive some form of bias in the questions being asked of the Democratic candidate. It appears, then, that these viewers had no preconceived notions about what kinds of issues should be discussed by both candidates. They may have, instead, exercised their preference in terms of their choice of the Democratic candidate over the Republican candidate rather than in terms of the issues.
Aortocoronary Bypass With Saphenous Vein Graft

THE 1973 report by Garrett, Dennis, and DeBakey 1 on the long-term patency of an aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass graft established at an operation 9 years previously (November 1964) identifies a high plateau that had been reached in the search for a means to improve blood flow to the myocardium in the presence of flow-limiting coronary atherosclerosis. Few medical interventions have gained such investigative and clinical dominance as those procedures increasing blood flow to the heart. Now, 20 years subsequent to the demonstrated capability, close to a million procedures are performed annually in this country alone. This is especially remarkable considering that these procedures are not curative of the disease but treat only the consequences, termed by Lewis Thomas 2 as "half way technology." The malady, coronary artery occlusive disease, remains the leading cause of death in Western cultures in spite of rigorous attempts to control the alterable risk factors
Der elektrische Antriebsbaukasten von Volkswagen

Volkswagen hat einen modularen Baukasten entwickelt, dessen Komponenten den Aufbau unterschiedlich elektrifizierter Antriebssysteme fur Hybrid- und Elektrofahrzeuge ermoglichen. In den neuen, rein elektrisch betriebenen Fahrzeugen e-up! und e-Golf von Volkswagen wird der Baukasten das erste Mal angewendet.
The Gender Gap in Fear: Assessing the Interactive Effects of Gender and Perceived Risk on Fear of Crime

In this research we explore the interaction between gender and perceived risk of victimization on levels of fear of crime. Much of the previous research on the effects of gender on fear of crime assumes that crimes are not gendered and that the effects of gender would operate the same regardless of type of crime. Challenging this assumption, we examine crimes that disproportionately victimize women or men. We find that there is greater nuance in both fear of crime and perception of risk when explored in this way. In fact, men's fear of crime actually surpasses women's fear at high levels of perceived risk for those crimes in which men are more likely to be victimized. We offer explanations for this finding, concluding that gendered perceptions of crime and victimization may drive these differences. In sum, our study indicates that future research on fear of crime must be even further attuned to the gender gap in fear.
A Noncompetitive Inhibitor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis’s Class IIa Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase

Class II fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) is an enzyme critical for bacterial, fungal, and protozoan glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Importantly, humans lack this type of aldolase, having instead a class I FBA that is structurally and mechanistically distinct from class II FBAs. As such, class II FBA is considered a putative pharmacological target for the development of novel antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent for tuberculosis (TB). To date, several competitive class II FBA substrate mimic-styled inhibitors have been developed; however, they lack either specificity, potency, or properties that limit their potential as possible therapeutics. Recently, through the use of enzymatic and structure-based assisted screening, we identified 8-hydroxyquinoline carboxylic acid (HCA) that has an IC50 of 10 ± 1 μM for the class II FBA present in M. tuberculosis (MtFBA). As opposed to previous inhibitors, HCA behaves in a noncompetitive manner, shows no i...