cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cAMP inhibit noninactivating K+ current in adrenocortical cells by an A-kinase-independent mechanism requiring ATP hydrolysis.

A S STRA CT Bovine adrenal zona fasciculata (AZF) cells express a noninactivating K + current (IAc) that is inhibited by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) at picomolar concentrations. Inhibition of IAc may be a critical step in depolarization-dependent Ca 2+ entry leading to cortisol secretion. In whole-cell patch clamp recordings from AZF cells, we have characterized properties of IAc and the signalling pathway by which ACTH inhibits this current. Iac was identified as a voltage-gated, outwardly rectifying, K+-selective current whose inhibition by ACTH required activation of a pertussis toxin-insensitive GTP binding protein. IAC was selectively inhibited by the cAMP analogue 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-pcpt-cAMP) with an IC50 of 160 ~M. The adenylate cyclase activator forskolin (2.5 txM) also reduced IAC by 92 + 4.7%. Inhibition of IAc by ACTH, 8-pcpt-cAMP and forskolin was not prevented by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors H-89 (5 ~xM), cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor peptide (PKI [5-24]) (2 I.tM), (Rp)-cAMPS (500 I,M), or by the nonspecific protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine (100 nM) applied externally or intracellularly through the patch pipette. At the same concentrations, these kinase inhibitors abolished 8-pcpt-cAMP-stimulated A-kinase activity in AZF cell extracts. In intact AZF cells, 8-pcpt-cAMP activated A-kinase with an ECs0 of 77 nM, a concentration 2,000-fold lower than that inhibiting IAc half maximally. The active catalytic subunit of A-kinase applied intracellularly through the recording pipette failed to alter functional expression of Iao The inhibition of Iac by ACTH and 8-pcpt-cAMP was eliminated by substituting the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue AMP-PNP for ATP in the pipette solution. Penfluridol, an antagonist of T-type Ca 9+ channels inhibited 8-pcpt-cAMP-induced cortisol secretion with an 1C50 of 0.33 IxM, a concentration that effectively blocks Ca ~+ channel in these cells. These results demonstrate that Iac is a K+-selec tive current whose gating is controlled by an unusual combination of metabolic factors and membrane voltage. Iac may be the first example of an ionic current that is inhibited by cAMP through an A-kinase-independent mechanism. The A-kinase-independent inhibition of Iac by ACTH and cAMP through a mechanism requiring ATP hydrolysis appears to be a unique form of channel modulation. These findings suggest a model for cortisol secretion wherein cAMP combines with two separate effectors to activate parallel steroidogenic signalling pathways. These include the traditional A-kinase-dependent signalling cascade and a novel pathway wherein cAMP binding to Iac K + channels leads to membrane depolarization and Ca '~+ entry. The simultaneous activation of A-kinase- and Ca2+-dependent pathways produces the full steroidogenic response.
Basic artificial neural network architectures

Different artificial neural network paradigms and architectures are proposed for the solution of manufacturing problems in the literature. A quick review of this literature highlights the fact that two paradigms (backpropagation and adaptive resonance theory (ART)) are used extensively to create intelligent manufacturing systems that can adapt to changing conditions. However, generally, these paradigms are not discussed in detail in papers if they are used in specific manufacturing application, so this chapter aims to fill this gap. After an introduction of basic artificial neural networks, three classical artificial neural network architectures — perceptron, backpropagation and adaptive resonance theory (ART1) — are examined.
Disenchanted tailor in “illusion”: Sholem Aleichem behind the scenes of early Jewish cinema, 1913–16

It is ironic that Sholem Aleichem is probably best known today for the 1971 cinematic adaptation of his Tevye-the-Dairyman story cycle, Fiddler on the Roof. At the time of his death in 1916, at age...
Teamwork and Collaboration for Prevention of Surgical Site Infections

Abstract Background: The surgeon has been regarded as the “captain of the ship” in the operating room (OR) for many years, but cannot accomplish successful operative intervention without the rest of the team. Methods: Review of the pertinent English-language literature. Results: Many reports demonstrate very different impressions of teamwork and communication in the OR held by different members of the surgical team. Objective measures of teamwork and communication demonstrate a reduction in complications including surgical site infections with improved teamwork and communication, with fewer distractions such as noise, and with effective use of checklists. Conclusion: Efforts to improve teamwork and communication and promote the effective use of checklists promote patient safety and improved outcomes for patients with reduction in surgical site infections.
Effect of Pallet Deckboard Stiffness on Corrugated Box Compression Strength

The packaging industry has long considered pallets to be rigid structures. However, in a unit load, the weight of the product produces compressive forces that are distributed across the pallet causing the top deckboards to deflect. Corrugated paperboard boxes are highly susceptible to changing support conditions; therefore, the deckboard deflection directly impacts the vertical compression strength of the box. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of pallet deckboard stiffness on the vertical compression strength and deflection of corrugated paperboard boxes. Additional treatments included gaps between the deckboards and location of the box relative to the pallet stringers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation and Path Analysis of Agronomic Traits of Aromatic Rice Germplasm Resources,Restorer Lines and Maintaining Lines

The correlation and path of main agronomic traits of 40 aromatic rice germplasm resources,26 restorer lines and 22 maintaining lines were analyzed to study the effect of their main agronomic traits on yield for breeding of aromatic hybrid rice.The results showed that: 1) there was a very significant positive correlation between effective spikes per plant and yield per plant in aromatic rice germplasm resources.There were very significant positive correlations between effective spikes per plant and yield per plant,full grains/spike,and between 1000-grain weight and yield per plant in restorer lines.There were very significant positive correlations between yield per plant and growth period,width of the flag leaf and full grains/spike in maintaining lines;2) there were very significant partial correlations between effective spike per plant and 1000-grain weight,yield per plant in aromatic rice germplasm resources.There were very significant positive partial correlations between yield per plant and effective spikes per plant,total grains per spike,1000-grain weight in restorer lines.There were very significant positive partial correlations between yield per plant and effective spikes per plant,1000-grain weight in maintaining lines;3) the effective spikes per plant had the great direct effect on yield per plant in aromatic rice germplasm resources and restorer lines,but the full grains per spike had the great direct effect on yield per plant in maintaining lines.
SiC RF Sensor for Continuous Glucose Monitoring

It has been shown that changes in blood glucose can be sensed with an RF antenna made from silicon carbide (SiC) operating at 10 GHz. Therefore a SiC antenna patch could operate as an active sensor or as a passive sensor at 5.8 GHz for a continuous glucose monitoring system. The properties of SiC make this material ideal for biomedical applications and devices as it is not only biocompatible but also has great sensing capability. The permittivity and conductivity of the blood is glucose dependent. Thus implanting the antenna in the fatty tissue facing the muscle and blood results should result in a shift of the resonant frequency of the antenna with glucose levels. In the active sensor approach, a power supply and internal in-vivo circuitry with protection would be required. In the passive sensor approach, external circuitry sends a signal to the implanted antenna and is received back again, detecting any signal variations. Simulations in HFSS™ show that that an implanted sensor placed 2 mm from the muscle in fatty tissue would experience an approximate shift in resonant frequency of 12.3 MHz for a blood glucose change of 500 mg/dl.
Gender Differences in the Efficacy and Safety of Chronic Nightly Zolpidem.

Study Objectives:Studies have shown pharmacokinetic differences for hypnotics in women compared to men, but few studies have assessed either short-or long-term differences in efficacy and safety.Me...
Rationale for the Project

In this chapter, my motivation and interest in writing this book are illustrated in detail with specific examples. These examples are drawn from my extensive experiences in and beyond the classroom as a researcher, teacher educator, and mother of two immigrant boys. Several excerpts and teacher and student quotes from the studies that I conducted highlight the need for this book project. In this chapter, I invite the reader to join me in thinking about why the educational field in general and the literacy field in particular needs global and multicultural perspectives.
The ubiquitin ligase CRL2ZYG11 targets cyclin B1 for degradation in a conserved pathway that facilitates mitotic slippage

The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase is known to target the degradation of cyclin B1, which is crucial for mitotic progression in animal cells. In this study, we show that the ubiquitin ligase CRL2ZYG-11 redundantly targets the degradation of cyclin B1 in Caenorhabditis elegans and human cells. In C. elegans , both CRL2ZYG-11 and APC/C are required for proper progression through meiotic divisions. In human cells, inactivation of CRL2ZYG11A/B has minimal effects on mitotic progression when APC/C is active. However, when APC/C is inactivated or cyclin B1 is overexpressed, CRL2ZYG11A/B-mediated degradation of cyclin B1 is required for normal progression through metaphase. Mitotic cells arrested by the spindle assembly checkpoint, which inactivates APC/C, often exit mitosis in a process termed “mitotic slippage,” which generates tetraploid cells and limits the effectiveness of antimitotic chemotherapy drugs. We show that ZYG11A/B subunit knockdown, or broad cullin–RING ubiquitin ligase inactivation with the small molecule MLN4924, inhibits mitotic slippage in human cells, suggesting the potential for antimitotic combination therapy.
Growth reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the supercritical pyrolysis of n-decane, as determined from doping experiments with 1-methylphenanthrene and fluorene

Abstract To better understand mechanisms for the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) under conditions relevant to the pre-combustion environments of future-high-speed-aircraft fuels, we have performed supercritical pyrolysis experiments with the model fuel n -decane, to which 1-methylphenanthrene and fluorene, two major three-ring PAH products of n -decane pyrolysis, have each been added as a dopant, at concentrations of 0.73 mg/g n -decane and 2.3 mg/g n -decane, respectively. The experiments are conducted in an isothermal, silica-lined stainless-steel flow reactor at 570 °C, 94.6 atm, and 133 s, conditions of rapid PAH growth. Analyses of the PAH products by high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode-array ultraviolet–visible absorption and mass-spectrometric detection have exposed the important roles of four resonance-stabilized aromatic radicals—9-fluorenyl, 1-phenanthrylmethyl, 9-phenanthrylmethyl, and benz[ de ]anthracenyl—and revealed the channels through which these radicals react with the principal aliphatic (methyl, ethylene, propene, and 1-butene) and aromatic (benzyl, the two naphthylmethyls, and phenalenyl) reactants in the supercritical n -decane pyrolysis environment to effect PAH growth. 9-Fluorenyl's reactions with these principal reactants—in some cases involving “ring expansion” of fluorene's five-membered ring—result in the formation of phenanthrene, 9-methylphenanthrene, 9-ethylphenanthrene, fluoranthene, and eleven fluoranthene benzologues of five to seven rings. 1-phenanthrylmethyl, stemming from the 1-methylphenanthrene dopant, and 9-phenanthrylmethyl, stemming from the fluorene dopant's production of 9-methylphenanthrene and 9-ethylphenanthrene, react with n -decane's principal reactant species to form chiefly four- to six-ring cata -condensed benzenoid PAH. Their reaction with ethylene leads to formation of the four-ring phenalenyl-type radical benz[ de ]anthracenyl, which reacts with the principal alkenes and arylmethyl radicals in the system to produce several five- to seven-ring peri -condensed benzenoid PAH. Since the three-ring structures of 1-methylphenanthrene and fluorene are embedded in the structures of many of n -decane's higher-ring-number PAH products, we would expect the PAH-growth pathways outlined here to have widespread applicability to larger PAH in the reaction environment as well.
Cascade Performance for Large Separation Factors

The performance of small isotope enrichment cascades that have large separation factors is examined. A quantity called the separative work gain is derived under the assumption of a small inlet assa...
Application of the SEIPS Model to Analyze Medication Safety in a Crisis Residential Center.

Abstract Purpose Medication safety and error reduction has been studied in acute and long-term care settings, but little research is found in the literature regarding mental health settings. Because mental health settings are complex, medication administration is vulnerable to a variety of errors from transcription to administration. The purpose of this study was to analyze critical factors related to a mental health work system structure and processes that threaten safe medication administration practices. Background The Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model provides a framework to analyze factors affecting medication safety. The model approach analyzes the work system concepts of technology, tasks, persons, environment, and organization to guide the collection of data. Methods In the study, the Lean methodology tools were used to identify vulnerabilities in the system that could be targeted later for improvement activities. The project director completed face-to-face interviews, asked nurses to record disruptions in a log, and administered a questionnaire to nursing staff. The project director also conducted medication chart reviews and recorded medication errors using a standardized taxonomy for errors that allowed categorization of the prevalent types of medication errors. Results Results of the study revealed disruptions during the medication process, pharmacology training needs, and documentation processes as the primary opportunities for improvement. The project engaged nurses to identify sustainable quality improvement strategies to improve patient safety. Conclusion The mental health setting carries challenges for safe medication administration practices. Through analysis of the structure, process, and outcomes of medication administration, opportunities for quality improvement and sustainable interventions were identified, including minimizing the number of distractions during medication administration, training nurses on psychotropic medications, and improving the documentation system. A task force was created to analyze the descriptive data and to establish objectives aimed at improving efficiency of the work system and care process involved in medication administration at the end of the project.
The Near Global Distributions of Middle Atmospheric H2O and NO2Measured by the Nimbus 7 LIMS Experiment

Two of the six channels of the Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) experiment were located at 6.9 and 6.2 micrometers for the purpose of sounding the vertical profiles of atmospheric H2O and NO2, respectively. The results from these channels have provided new information on the global distributions, variability, and budget of these important molecules. The zonal-mean cross sections for water vapor show the presence of a hygropause in the tropical lower stratosphere, a poleward-directed gradient in the mid and lower stratosphere, and equatorward gradient above. Longitudinal variability is small and temporal changes are slow, occurring over periods of weeks to seasons. Nitrogen dioxide cross section data show the presence of an NO2 “cliff” in winter, higher mixing ratio levels in the Southern Hemisphere than in the north, pronounced diurnal variability, and very high mixing ratios in the polar night mesosphere. The sum of LIMS nighttime NO2 plus HNO3 should be a reasonable approximation of the profiles of total odd nitrogen outside the polar night regions during 1978–1979.
Abstract WMP52: Incidence of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Amongst Asians in the United States

Background: Studies from Asia suggest that the overall proportion of hemorrhagic stroke is much higher compared to other parts of the world. We sought to evaluate the incidence of ischemic and hemo...
Goethe’s Faust in the South Korean Manhwa The Tarot Café : Sang-Sun Park’s Critical Project

In the South Korean graphic novel series by Sang-Sun Park, The Tarot Cafe (2007), pop culture merges with canonical German literature. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Faust blends with vernacular social forms to create a South Korean version of the German Faust legend. Because of South Korean popular culture’s global popularity and circulation, cultural flows enable the mixing of various particular cultural spheres, which then causes those particular cultural elements to become less culturally anchored. Although it appears to be a culturally neutral pictorial narrative, Park’s graphic novel deconstructs conventional gender roles of female and male in South Korean society in the 2000s. Gagum illuminates this nuanced representation of a female Faust and offers insights into Korean-based recontextualizations and interpretations of Faust today.
ROCK as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Stroke is a major cause of disability and the fifth leading cause of death. Currently, the only approved acute medical treatment of ischemic stroke is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), but its effectiveness is greatly predicated upon early administration of the drug. There is, therefore, an urgent need to find new therapeutic options for acute stroke.Areas covered: In this review, we summarize the role of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase (ROCK) and its potential as a therapeutic target in stroke pathophysiology. ROCK is a major regulator of cell contractility, motility, and proliferation. Many of these ROCK-mediated processes in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, astrocytes, glia, neurons, leukocytes, and platelets are important in stroke pathophysiology, and the inhibition of such processes could improve stroke outcome.Expert commentary: ROCK is a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease and ROCK inhibitors have already been appr...
The Practical Pros and Cons of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Practice: Integrating Complementary and Alternative Medicine into Clinical Care

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is changing health care for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. The move toward increasing patient autonomy and addressing lifestyle and psychosocial factors contributes to this shift. Numerous clinics and centers are offering new models to incorporate these elements. There is need for better and more robust data regarding CAM efficacy and safety. CAM offers a test kitchen for new approaches to care and care delivery, which are now being developed and studied, and has the possibility to affect patient quality of life, disease morbidity, cost, and use of health care.
From the small screen to breast cancer screening: examining the effects of a television storyline on awareness of genetic risk factors.

Background: The topic of breast cancer genetics entered the public discourse following Angelina Jolie's 2013 announcement that she carries the BRCA1 mutation and underwent a prophylactic do...
Multiclass Bayesian feature selection

Many bioinformatics studies aim to find biomarkers that discriminate between two or more groups. While in many applications the groups are inherently multiclass, most feature selection algorithms focus on the binary case, and many are not straightforward to generalize. In this work, we demonstrate that a recently proposed family of binary Bayesian models for feature selection can be extended to the multiclass case. We propose multiclass generalizations of two algorithms: (1) a feature filtering algorithm that is optimal under independent features, and (2) a fast suboptimal feature selection algorithm that accounts for correlations. The proposed algorithms perform well on several synthetic datasets, and produce many genes and pathways with interesting annotations when applied to a real four-class colon cancer microarray dataset.
More Than Just a Student Voice: Facilitating Student Leadership Development Through the Library Student Liaison Program

ABSTRACTThis article explores how the library-student liaison program at Eastern Washington University (EWU) Libraries has evolved into an opportunity for students to develop leadership skills. Originally designed to foster better communication between the EWU Libraries and students enrolled at the university, we recognized that the process of achieving established goals for the program provided a vehicle for students' leadership-skill development. To facilitate the leadership process, librarians employed the Social Change Model. Designed specifically for college students, this model engages the student to develop individual capacities to strengthen group activities that foster positive changes in the community and society.
Negotiating states of water: Producing illegibility, bureaucratic arbitrariness, and distributive injustices in Delhi:

State quantifications of Delhi’s water supply proclaim some of the highest levels of access in urban South Asia. However, accompanying such representations are a number of discrepancies and ambigui...
On the identification of Markov processes by the distribution of hitting times

J. Glover [6,7] has recently provided a remarkable generalization of the celebrated Blumenthal, Getoor, McKean theorem [2] concerning the identification of Markov processes up to a time change. To state Glover’s theorem let X = (Xt,Px) and Y = (Yt,Qx) be right Markov processes on a common state space (E,E). Let Δ e E be a cemetery point used to render the resolvents of X and Y Markovian. Recall that Δ is a trap for X and for Y; the lifetime of X (resp. Y) is then ζ = inf{t: Xt = Δ}(resp. n = inf{t: Yt = Δ}). For B e E,let T(B) = inf{t>0: XteB}, S(B) = inf{t>0: YteB}. Recall that X, for example, is transient provided its potential kernel U is proper.
The Multilevel Case: Two or More Lines

In the discussion of the two-level problem in Chapter III, several perturbing influences were considered. Most of these can be incorporated in the solution for S L in a straightforward way without numerical or conceptual difficulty. Only the frequency and angular dependence of S L, differentially moving atmospheres and non-planar geometries present substantial added numerical difficulties.
REPORTING RESULTS OF LAPAROSCOPIC PROCEDURES: The State-Wide Registry Approach

Up to the current time, adoption of new procedures has most often occurred through publication in the medical literature of series of patients treated by a limited number of practitioners in one or a few institutions. Although the "gold standard" for acceptance of a procedure for widespread use is the prospective randomized clinical trial, it is seldom that this rigorous standard has formed the basis for adoption of new procedures. Rather, anecdotal experience or personal retrospective series have most commonly stimulated changes in clinical practice. Often, these articles are written by individuals with exceptional skill and talent. These new procedures may be complex, requiring adherence to specific selection criteria to obtain good results or demanding technical skills of an advanced or intricate nature to achieve results comparable to those quoted in the literature. The fact that a few individuals in specific centers may achieve favorable outcome may not mean that widespread adoption by the average surgeon will produce the same stellar results. The initial reports in the literature of a new procedure, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, illustrate the pitfalls of reliance on individual series to generalize results to a wider cross-section of surgeons. When initially reported in 1987 to 1990, results were uniformly excellent, with high success rates and a low rate of complications. By 1991, however, referral centers were beginning to note and report an increase in bile duct and other injuries following more widespread dissemination of this new technique. Several groups attempted to gather data from a given society or geographic area to define more precisely the true rate of bile duct injury and other complications. Most of these studies, such as the Southern Surgeons' Club, the Oregon survey, the trans-Canada, the European, and the United States studies, represent large numbers of patients and surgeons. 1,4,5,10,16 The data were accumulated from voluntary contributions of individual practitioners, however, and their completeness and validity cannot be assured. The Connecticut Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Survey, reported by Orlando et al 13 in 1993, used a different and potentially more accurate and complete method of gathering data, that of accessing a state-wide hospital data base. In this registry, voluntary cooperation of 97% of the hospitals in the state allowed more complete accounting for patients and their complications across different institutions than would occur from a single hospital reporting its patients. Re-admission to another hospital within the state for a complication was traceable through their system. The results of all of these studies of laparoscopic cholecystectomy were surprisingly similar, however (Table 1).
Evaluation and comparison of mammographic quality at facilities participating in a regional breast cancer awareness program.

In early 1986, a regional program to promote breast cancer awareness was initiated by a sponsoring agency. The program was publicized through an advertising campaign in which women were referred to any of 62 regional facilities that had agreed to offer a limited number of reduced cost mammography screening studies during the month long campaign. Since no independent assessment of the technical quality of mammography at the 62 facilities had been made before the centers were asked to participate. We decided to conduct a study to evaluate their processor performance, image contrast, density, resolution and dose.
Multi-valued Quantum Cascade Realization with Group Decomposition

This paper introduces a method for realizing binary controlled inputs to p-valued single output functions (where p is prime, multi-valued logic state, in particular p=2, 3, or 5) by using a canonical (reversible, quantum) cascade of quantum logic blocks derived from decomposed group functions and the Walsh spectrum. The first part of our method is based on a publication by T. Sasao in [4] and is then extended to classical reversible logic and quantum cascades optimized for ion trap and quantum dot technologies.
Cytoreductive nephrectomy: questions remain after CARMENA.

Cytoreductive nephrectomy, a standard approach for de novo metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of cytokine therapy, has been upheld during the age of targeted therapy on the basis of retrospective data. Now, the first level I prospective data from the CARMENA and SURTIME trials challenge this standard.
Near-optimal radio use for wireless network synchronization

In this paper, we consider the model of communication where wireless devices can either switch their radios off to save energy (and hence, can neither send nor receive messages), or switch their radios on and engage in communication. The problem has been extensively studied in practice, in the setting such as deployment and clock synchronization of wireless sensor networks. We distill a clean theoretical formulation of minimizing radio use and present near-optimal solutions. Our base model ignores issues of communication interference, although we also extend the model to handle this requirement. We assume that nodes intend to communicate periodically, or according to some time-based schedule. Clearly, perfectly synchronized devices could switch their radios on for exactly the minimum periods required by their joint schedules. The main challenge in the deployment of wireless networks is to synchronize the devices' schedules, given that their initial schedules may be offset relative to one another (even if their clocks run at the same speed). In this paper, we study how frequently the devices must switch on their radios in order to both synchronize their clocks and communicate. In this setting, we significantly improve previous results, and show optimal use of the radio for two processors and near-optimal use of the radio for synchronization of an arbitrary number of processors. In particular, for two processors we prove deterministic matching @Q(d) upper and lower bounds on the number of times the radio has to be on, where d is the discretized uncertainty period of the clock shift between the two processors. (In contrast, all previous results for two processors are randomized.) For n=d^@b processors (for any positive @b =1 our algorithm runs with at most poly-log(d) radio invocations per processor. Our bounds also hold in a radio-broadcast model where interference must be taken into account.
Moral Hazards in Cyber Vulnerability Markets

The cyber vulnerability market arose from bug bounty programs initiated in the 1980s. Originally created to provide programmers, end users, and security professionals with an opportunity to report code vulnerabilities, it has since become a cottage industry that serves many masters with very different motives.
Inverse analysis of Hypoplastic Clay model for computing deformations caused by excavations

Abstract For effective applications of the adaptive management approach, inverse analysis procedures are used to update model parameters based on observations made during early stages of construction projects. These updated parameters are then used to compute the responses at later stages. This paper describes the inverse analysis of lateral wall deformations from a deep supported excavation in Chicago using the Hypoplastic Clay model. Initial parameters for the soil model are based on inverse analyses of laboratory test results and site-specific correlations with in situ data of Chicago clays. Field observations made during construction are used to conduct sensitivity and correlation analyses, and the most effective parameters to optimize are selected. These parameters are optimized at three depths during excavation where plane strain conditions were applicable. Changes in the optimized parameters at the excavation levels are analyzed to assess how and if the parameters are optimized satisfactorily. Computed responses using the optimized parameters are compared to field measurements, and recommendations regarding the parameters to optimize are provided.
Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography and Doppler Sonography to Assess the Effect of Hydration on Human Kidneys: A Preliminary Observation.

To assess the feasibility of ultrasound imaging in depicting the changes in kidney size, hemodynamics and cortex viscoelasticity after hydration, we prospectively performed 2-D ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) and Doppler sonography of bilateral kidneys in 30 volunteers. Kidney length, cortex shear wave velocity (SWV), shear wave dispersion (SWD), interlobar artery peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) were measured before and 60 min after with and without drinking water (1 L). The differences in kidney length, SWV, PSV, EDV and color pixel intensity before and after hydration were significant (p 0.05). SWD and RI did not significantly differ with or without hydration. Inter- and intra-observer reliability in performing SWE and Doppler sonography was good. The use of Doppler sonography and ultrasound SWE to evaluate the effect of hydration on kidney size, hemodynamics and viscoelasticity seem to be feasible.
Effect of high pressure processing on migration characteristics of polypropylene used in food contact materials.

The migration of small molecular mass organic compounds from polypropylene (PP) copolymer films into food simulants during and after high pressure processing (HPP) was studied. An overlapping tempe...
Abstract PS13-39: Efficacy and tolerability of neoadjuvant Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, and weekly Paclitaxel in Locally advanced Her-2 positive Breast cancer

Background:Administration of neoadjuvant Pertuzumab (P), trastuzumab (T) along with chemotherapy is the standard of care for the management of locally advanced/inflammatory Her-2 positive breast cancer. Neutropenia and diarrhea are often the significant side-effects observed with the commonly used chemotherapy regimens. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of neo-adjuvant regimen consisting of P and T with weekly paclitaxel (Pac) in locally- advanced Her-2 +ve patients.Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed Her-2 positive tumor were treated in a neo-adjuvant fashion. The schedule of the treatment regimen was; P on D-1 at a loading dose of 840 mg, followed by 420 mg every 3 weeks , T on D-1 at a dose of 8 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks, and Pac on D-1/8 at a dose of 80 mg/m2. Cycles were repeated every three weeks. A total of six cycles were given prior to the surgery. Herceptin was continued for a total of one year. NCCN guidelines were followed for adjuvant radiation and hormonal treatments. LVEF was measured at baseline and every 6 weeks during neo-adjuvant treatments.Results: A total of 64 women were treated between Mar 2014 - Mar 2019. Median age was 56 years (30-81). Twelve pts had T-1 disease, 43 had T-2, 7 had T-3 and, 2 pts. had inflammatory breast ca. Twenty five pts. (39%) had lymph node involvement at diagnosis. The receptor profile was: ER/PR +ve: 43 pts., ER+/PR-ve: 5 pts., ER/PR -ve: 16 pts. All patients completed the planned six cycles. Twenty seven pts. achieved a pCR (42.8%). Nine out of 16 ER/PR-ve patients (56.2%) had a pCR. Grade-3/4 neutropenia was seen in 7 patients (10.9%) but febrile neutropenia was not observed in any pt. (0%). Grade-3/4 diarrhea was seen only in 2 pt. (3.1%).Grade-3/4 neuropathy was seen in 4 pts. (6.2%). LVEF drop of more than 10% from baseline to less than 50% was seen in two patient (3.1%). No recurrence has been observed with a median follow-up of 31 months.Conclusions: A combination of Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab and weekly Paclitaxel (PTPac) delivers impressive pCR rates with an acceptable side-effects as compared to other commonly used chemotherapy regimens given along with anti-Her-2 therapy. This combination should be explored in larger studies. Citation Format: Niraj Gupta, Erica Giblin, Tara Spivey, Kristen Govert, Christopher Leagre, Robert Liebross, Vasu Tumati, Thomas Dugan, Rina Yadav, Patrick Henman, Nick Beaudrie, Tessa Bair, Jessica Durk, Marjaorie Hancock, Trisha Engle, Michelle Myers, Julie Schneiders, Thomas Tigges. Efficacy and tolerability of neoadjuvant Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, and weekly Paclitaxel in Locally advanced Her-2 positive Breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS13-39.
Signatures of Moat Regimes in Heavy-Ion Collisions.

Heavy-ion collisions at small beam energies have the potential to reveal the rich phase structure of QCD at low temperature and nonzero density. In this case spatially modulated regimes with a ``moat'' spectrum can arise, where the minimum of the energy is over a sphere at nonzero momentum. We show that if the matter created in heavy-ion collisions freezes out in such a regime, particle numbers and their correlations peak at nonzero, instead of zero, momentum. This effect is much more dramatic for multiparticle correlations than for single-particle spectra. Our results can serve as a first guideline for a systematic search of spatially modulated phases in heavy-ion collisions.
Assessing Leadership and Retention Programs: Preliminary Insights From an Action Research Project

The authors present preliminary insights from a qualitative action research project focused on refining the assessment practices of a first-year retention program at a large research university. Fi...
Portable Fourier ptychography microscope (FPM) for biological samples with deep learning image reconstruction capability

A portable FPM to perform wide field-of-view, high spatial-resolution imaging for biological samples is developed. An NVIDIA Jetson-Nano board is used to computationally construct the images. The FPM has the potential to be compatible to space-based payloads.
Revealing power, energy and thermal dynamics of a 200PF pre-exascale supercomputer

As we approach the exascale computing era, the focused understanding of power consumption and its overall constraint on HPC architectures and applications are becoming increasingly paramount. Summit, located at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF), is one of the fastest and largest pre-exascale platforms in operation today. This paper provides a first-order examination and analysis of power consumption at the component-level, node-level, and system-level, from all 4,626 Summit compute nodes, each with over 100 metrics at 1Hz frequency over the entire year of 2020. We also investigate the power characteristics and energy efficiency of over 840k Summit jobs and 250k GPU failure logs for further operational insights. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic analysis of power data of HPC system at this scale.
How Constraining Are White-Collar Job Ladders?

Job ladders are an administrative tool for efficiently filling vacancies, for compensating incumbents in a rational way, and for attracting high-quality recruits by the promise of career advancement. But the relationship between job ladders and actual job mobility is somewhat problematic. Forces tending to constrain mobility within these ladders are countered by other forces that tend to weaken their effect. The uncertain relationship between job ladders and job mobility was recognized by the Congressional Joint Commission, which observed that the promotion lines it identified were only the “principal” ones. Telford wrote in 1925 that “a number of serious difficulties are encountered in indicating lines of promotion, and this part of classification has not been highly developed” (Telford 1925:45; see also Baruch 1941b). The connection between job ladders and mobility is still ambiguous. Thus, although the U.S.
Judging the duration of time intervals : A process of remembering segments of experience

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses three models of duration judgment. It also compares models in terms of their ability to predict the results of experiments which helps in investigating the effects of interval content on duration judgment. All three models are cognitive (versus biological) explanations, because mechanisms of attention, memory, and information processing play an important role in their logic. Ornstein suggested with his “storage-size” hypothesis that the perceived duration of an interval is based on the contents of memory associated with the judged interval. Ornstein proposed two specific factors that can influence the “size” of memory stores—namely, (1) the amount of information presented during an interval and (2) the complexity of that information. The storage-size model (SS) applies to the estimation of relatively long durations (i.e., a minute or so). One of the key assumptions of the processing-time (PT) model is that duration judgments are based on the output of two processors (a timer and a stimulus processor). Both processors influence duration judgment, but their individual contributions are determined by the share of attention allocated to each during the interval.
Transformation of Hamster Embryo Cells and Tumor Induction in Newborn Hamsters by Simian Adenovirus SV11

Simian adenovirus, SV11, readily transformed hamster embryo cell cultures in vitro and produced tumors in vivo when inoculated into newborn hamsters. Foci consisting of small, loosely attached, rounded cells could be seen as early as 7 days postinoculation. Many of these cells contained several nuclei or the nucleus was multilobed. The cells grew without extensive cell to cell contact or formed small chains or clusters when passaged in vitro. This pattern of cell morphology and growth has not been reported with other simian or human adenovirus-transformed cells. Linearity of foci formation with virus dilution was observed when the virus multiplicity was less than 3 plaque-forming units (PFU)/cell. The PFU to focus-forming units ratio for SV11 was found to be 2 x 10(4) to 4 x 10(4), which is approximately 5- to 10-fold and 50- to 100-fold lower than those reported for simian adenovirus, SA7, and human adenovirus type 12, respectively. Cells transformed by SV11: (i) produced tumors when inoculated into young hamsters, (ii) contained tumor antigen which reacts with serum obtained from hamsters bearing SV11 passaged tumors, and (iii) could be propagated in vitro through an indefinite number of generations.
De novo autophagic vacuole formation in hepatocytes permeabilized by Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin. Inhibition by nonhydrolyzable GTP analogs.

Abstract The role of GTP-binding proteins in autophagic vacuole formation was investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes permeabilized by alpha-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus, an agent which creates stable plasma membrane channels allowing exchange of small (< or = 1000 Da) molecules. Vacuole formation was monitored from the uptake of 125I-tyramine-cellobiitol (125ITC) into osmotically sensitive vacuoles isolated on colloidal silica density gradients. Separation was based on an established observation that autophagic vacuoles are retained in a heavy midgradient band when samples are layered, but are selectively shifted to dense fractions when they are previously dispersed in the gradient material. The vacuolar uptake of 125ITC was concentration-dependent and required exogenous ATP: 94% was directly mediated by sequestration; 6% was acquired by fluid-phase endocytosis as monitored by [carboxyl-14C]dextran-carboxyl. Although the amino acid control of proteolysis was lost, addition of the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog GTP gamma S (as well as GMP-PNP) decreased fractional rates of direct vacuolar 125ITC uptake and long-lived proteolysis by similar amounts (1.02-1.03% h-1), substantiating the notion that the effects were the direct result of autophagic inhibition. These and associated findings, supported by quantitative electron microscopy, indicate the presence of ongoing macro- and microautophagy in alpha-toxin-permeabilized cells and suggest that one or more GTP-binding proteins is required in macroautophagic vacuole formation.
African Intellectual History

Abstract The end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st have been dominated by major questions surrounding the assumptions of two grand narratives — the liberal faith in progress, modernization and the bureaucratic state, and the conservative faith in free trade, deregulation and the free market. In this regard, African cultural and intellectual history as part of the global historical discourse of continuity and change has yet to be fully appreciated in spite of the fact that the collapse of state structures in many parts of Africa at the end of the 20th century brought into fore questions of authority, political legitimacy and social change. Intellectual and cultural life in Africa in the last 250 years could not escape the political, economic and social constraints of the “international encounter” of African and non-African powers, economies, social practices and cultures. An engaged and yet self-critical intellectual history must therefore also continually engage in the interpretation of se...
We Will Dance Our Truth: Yaqui History in Yoeme Performances

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: David Delgado Shorter Year: 2009 Pages: 448 Publisher: University of Nebraska Press ISBN: 978-0-8032-1733-1 (hard cover). Prices: $45.00 USD(hard cover).
A neurobiological basis of social attachment.

Objective: Although an inability to form normal social attachments characterizes many forms of psychopathology, there has been little study of the neural basis of social bond formation. The primary purpose of this article is to describe a novel approach to the neurobiology of attachment. Method: The author reviews animal research on two closely related neuropeptides, oxytocin and vasopressin, implicated in the central mediation of attachment behaviors. These neuropeptides appear to be important for the initiation of pair bonds and parental behaviors as well as the infant’s response to social separation. Results: Both cellular and molecular studies have begun to reveal the mechanisms by which oxytocin and vasopressin neural pathways are regulated, leading to a preliminary understanding of how these hormones act within the brain to influence complex social behaviors. Conclusions: Although their function in the human brain has yet to be demonstrated, the available evidence suggests that oxytocin and vasopressin may prove to be important in the pathophysiology of clinical disorders, such as autism, characterized by an inability to form normal social attachments. (Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:726‐735)
Field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) does not promote nutrient transfer between parasitized host plants

Abstract Plant parasitic dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are globally distributed holoparasites that form a direct connection to host vascular tissue. Using Cuscuta campestris as a live bridge between plants, this study investigated potential nutrient movement between pairs of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). Specifically, the study addressed two questions: 1) If two hosts are connected by dodder, does nutrient supplementation for one plant (the “donor”) lead to increased growth in an unmanipulated plant (the “receiver”)? 2) Does shading the donor lead to reduced growth in the receiver? As expected, donor plants in the nutrient addition and nutrient + shade addition treatments showed higher above- and belowground growth than control donor plants. However, the unmanipulated receiver plants showed no significant differences in growth, regardless of treatment. These results suggest that few (if any) nutrients passed through dodder from the donor to the receiver plant and that shading the donor did not impact the...
Appendix II: A revised classification of Von Willebrand disease*

Summary. A simplified phenotypic classification of Von Willebrand disease is proposed that is based on differences in pathophysiology. Quantitative defects are divided into partial deficiency (type 1) and severe deficiency (type 3). Qualitative defects (type 2) are divided into four subcategories. Type 2A refers to variants with decreased platelet-dependent function associated with the loss of high-molecular weight Von Willeband factor multimers. Type 2B refers to variants with increased affinity for platelet glycoprotein Ib. Type 2M refers to qualitatively abnormal variants with decreased platelet-dependent function not associated with the loss of high-molecular weight multimers. Type 2N refers to variants with decreased affinity for factor VIII. When recognized, mixed phenotypes caused by compound heterozygosity are indicated by separate classification of each allele. Standard amino acid and nucleotide numbering schemes are recommended for the description of mutations.