cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design limitations for small caliber electromagnetic saboted rod projectiles

The criteria necessary for integrating a solid armature with a conventional n-type finned rod are described. An initial design is presented for a rod projectile launched from a 15.24 mm (.60-caliber) augmented railgun with a sinusoidal driving current. Other designs are assessed in order to explore improvements and scalability to other bore diameters. The final armature design is evaluated considering launch, flight, and terminal effects. Ohmic heating, structural limitations, and barrel parameters are also discussed. Flight and aerodynamic data are scaled from existing finned-rod projectile databases to calculate horizontal flat-trajectory performance. Finally, terminal effects are incorporated for a single rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) target. >
Home Network Service Programs described in a Rule-based Language

Rule-based languages allow programs to be easily described at a high and abstract level, however, they suffer from long execution times. A state transition model, one of a standard model for developing telecommunication services programs, can be used to simply described home network services. To reduce the complexity of development, this paper proposes a method for describing service programs using a rule-based language. In this paper the easy-of-use of this method for novice users is tested using a home network to control a robot toy.
Multiple motives behind single acts of co-operation

To understand co-operation in social dilemmas, we need to allow for individual variation along several motives and beliefs instead of declaring that co-operativeness is merely self-interested or is merely a consequence of one's culture or the situation. This paper describes three beliefs and eight motives for co-operation or non-co-operation based on research on social dilemmas from a number of disciplines. It also proposes a framework that describes how beliefs and various motives interact with a given situation leading to a specific behaviour.
Effects of Music Therapy on Anesthesia Requirements and Anxiety in Women Undergoing Ambulatory Breast Surgery for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose To investigate the effect of live and recorded perioperative music therapy on anesthesia requirements, anxiety levels, recovery time, and patient satisfaction in women experiencing surgery for diagnosis or treatment of breast cancer. Patients and Methods Between 2012 and 2014, 207 female patients undergoing surgery for potential or known breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive either patient-selected live music (LM) preoperatively with therapist-selected recorded music intraoperatively (n = 69), patient-selected recorded music (RM) preoperatively with therapist-selected recorded music intraoperatively (n = 70), or usual care (UC) preoperatively with noise-blocking earmuffs intraoperatively (n = 68). Results The LM and the RM groups did not differ significantly from the UC group in the amount of propofol required to reach moderate sedation. Compared with the UC group, both the LM and the RM groups had greater reductions (P < .001) in anxiety scores preoperatively (mean changes [and standard...
Signs of Life: Las Vegas

Abstract This studio considered the potential for ornament in contemporary landscape architecture. More specifically, we investigated design methodologies based on ornamental configurations as a technique for deriving spatial and topographic organizations. The goal was to recoup ornament in terms of its traditional definition as a mechanism for display, as well as to reject the modernist opposition between ornament and function. Students made proposals for a public landscape for a sixty-one-acre site in downtown Las Vegas.
RENEWAL CONVERGENCE RATES FOR DHR AND NWU LIFETIMES

This article studies the geometric convergence rate of a discrete renewal sequence with decreasing hazard rate or, more generally, new worse than used lifetimes. Several variants of these structural orderings are considered. The results are derived from power series methods; roots of generating functions are the prominent issue. Optimality of the rates are considered. Examples demonstrating the utility of the results, as well as applications to Markov chains, are presented.
Plasma accelerators-progress and the future

In recent months plasma accelerators have set new records: The first laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) to demonstrate a GeV electron beam with a significant charge and good beam quality in a "table-top" device at Lawrence Berkeley national laboratory (LBNL) [1], and the energy doubling of 42 GeV electrons from the SLAC linac in a meter-scale plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) by the UCLA, USC, SLAC collaboration known as E167 [2]. These two events happening at two different laboratories represent a very significant advance of the field to be sure, but there have been many other extremely important advances for the field of plasma-accelerators that deserve special recognition. In this paper after reviewing these two major acceleration results, I focus on these latter advances and speculate how the field is likely to develop in the next few years.
Blood Urea Nitrogen/Creatinine Ratio Identifies a High-Risk but Potentially Reversible Form of Renal Dysfunction in Patients With Decompensated Heart Failure

Background—Identifying reversible renal dysfunction (RD) in the setting of heart failure is challenging. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether elevated admission blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr) could identify decompensated heart failure patients likely to experience improvement in renal function (IRF) with treatment. Methods and Results—Consecutive hospitalizations with a discharge diagnosis of heart failure were reviewed. IRF was defined as ≥20% increase and worsening renal function as ≥20% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate. IRF occurred in 31% of the 896 patients meeting eligibility criteria. Higher admission BUN/Cr was associated with in-hospital IRF (odds ratio, 1.5 per 10 increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–1.8; P<0.001), an association persisting after adjustment for baseline characteristics (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8; P=0.004). However, higher admission BUN/Cr was also associated with post-discharge worsening renal function (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% ...
Calculating optimal addition chains

An addition chain is a finite sequence of positive integers 1 = a 0 ≤ a 1 ≤ · · · ≤ a r = n with the property that for all i > 0 there exists a j, k with a i = a j + a k and r ≥ i > j ≥ k ≥ 0. An optimal addition chain is one of shortest possible length r denoted l(n). A new algorithm for calculating optimal addition chains is described. This algorithm is far faster than the best known methods when used to calculate ranges of optimal addition chains. When used for single values the algorithm is slower than the best known methods but does not require the use of tables of pre-computed values. Hence it is suitable for calculating optimal addition chains for point values above currently calculated chain limits. The lengths of all optimal addition chains for n ≤ 232 were calculated and the conjecture that l(2n) ≥ l(n) was disproved. Exact equality in the Scholz–Brauer conjecture l(2 n − 1) = l(n) + n − 1 was confirmed for many new values.
Predicting Offender-Generated Exchange Rates: Implications for a Theory of Sentence Severity

We solicited offender-generated exchange rates between prison and several noncustodial sanctions from a sample of 588 offenders currently serving community-based punishments. We then regressed these exchange rates on demographic, attitudinal, and correctional experience indicators. Males, Blacks, older offenders, offenders with prison experience, and those who agree most strongly with reasons to avoid alternative sanctions are likely to serve less of a given alternative to avoid imprisonment. In addition, offender-generated exchange rates are used to develop a ranking of sanction severity that includes prison and nine intermediate sanctions. Implications of these findings for correctional policy, practice, and a theory of sentence severity are discussed.
An overview of videoconferencing technology

Videoconferencing has progressed from being an expensive system used only by large corporations, to units which rapidly are becoming commodity items. This progress has been due to developments in terminal equipment, transports, and standards. This paper presents an overview of the latest developments and technology trends for group and desktop videoconferencing systems, and for circuit switched and packet switched transports. This paper also includes developments in multipoint and inverse multiplexing technologies and also presents an overview of the salient ITU-T standards for videoconferencing.
Agent-based modeling of the spread of the 1918–1919 flu in three Canadian fur trading communities

Objectives: Previous attempts to study the 1918–1919 flu in three small communities in central Manitoba have used both three-community population-based and single-community agent-based models. These studies identified critical factors influencing epidemic spread, but they also left important questions unanswered. The objective of this project was to design a more realistic agent-based model that would overcome limitations of earlier models and provide new insights into these outstanding questions. Methods: The new model extends the previous agent-based model to three communities so that results can be compared to those from the population-based model. Sensitivity testing was conducted, and the new model was used to investigate the influence of seasonal settlement and mobility patterns, the geographic heterogeneity of the observed 1918–1919 epidemic in Manitoba, and other questions addressed previously. Results: Results confirm outcomes from the population-based model that suggest that (a) social organization and mobility strongly influence the timing and severity of epidemics and (b) the impact of the epidemic would have been greater if it had arrived in the summer rather than the winter. New insights from the model suggest that the observed heterogeneity among communities in epidemic impact was not unusual and would have been the expected outcome given settlement structure and levels of interaction among communities. Conclusions: Application of an agent-based computer simulation has helped to better explain observed patterns of spread of the 1918–1919 flu epidemic in central Manitoba. Contrasts between agent-based and population-based models illustrate the advantages of agent-based models for the study of small populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nonselective oviposition by a fastidious insect: the laboratory host range of the melaleuca gall midge Lophodiplosis trifida (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Abstract Invasion by the Australian paperbark, Melaleuca quinquenervia, has degraded large areas of south Florida wetlands. Restoration of these wetlands requires the removal of expansive monocultures of this large tree while simultaneously curtailing its spread. Management strategies developed by federal and state agencies include biological control to halt the spread of this species and to prevent reinfestation of cleared areas. This requires biological agents able to reduce flowering, seed production, and growth while increasing mortality of seedlings and saplings. Two of the three introduced agents (Oxyops vitiosa Pascoe and Boreioglycaspis melaleucae Moore) partially meet these needs but outcomes are not spatially or temporally consistent. Thus, additional agents are needed. The bud-gall fly Fergusonina turneri Taylor, with its mutualistic nematode Fergusobia quinquenerviae Davies and Giblin-Davis, is actively being released but has not established. A fourth promising agent, the gall midge Lophodiplo...
The cystic-fibrosis-associated ΔF508 mutation confers post-transcriptional destabilization on the C. elegans ABC transporter PGP-3

Membrane proteins make up ∼30% of the proteome. During the early stages of maturation, this class of proteins can experience localized misfolding in distinct cellular compartments, such as the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and ER membrane. ER quality control (ERQC) mechanisms monitor folding and determine whether a membrane protein is appropriately folded or is misfolded and warrants degradation. ERQC plays crucial roles in human diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, in which deletion of a single amino acid (F508) results in the misfolding and degradation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel. We introduced the ΔF508 mutation into Caenorhabditis elegans PGP-3, a 12-transmembrane ABC transporter with 15% identity to CFTR. When expressed in intestinal epithelial cells, PGP-3(wt) was stable and efficiently trafficked to the apical plasma membrane through a COPII-dependent mechanism. However, PGP-3(ΔF508) was post-transcriptionally destabilized, resulting in reduced total and apical membrane protein levels. Genetic or physiological activation of the osmotic stress response pathway, which causes accumulation of the chemical chaperone glycerol, stabilized PGP-3(ΔF508). Efficient degradation of PGP-3(ΔF508) required the function of several C. elegans ER-associated degradation (ERAD) homologs, suggesting that destabilization occurs through an ERAD-type mechanism. Our studies show that the ΔF508 mutation causes post-transcriptional destabilization and degradation of PGP-3 in C. elegans epithelial cells. This model, combined with the power of C. elegans genetics, provides a new opportunity to genetically dissect metazoan ERQC.
Experiencing Violence and Enacting Resilience The Case Story of a Transgender Youth

Research about victimization among sexual minority youth has focused on documenting the prevalence and consequences of such experiences. Lacking in the literature is an in-depth exploration of the social context of both risk and resilience in the face of violence. This is especially true for transgender youth who are largely absent from the dominant discourse. This case story provides an example of how one transgender youth interpreted and adaptively responded to the discrimination and prejudice she encountered. Katie’s story illustrates the process of resilience. Despite the adversity she has faced, she shares stories of pride and strength in a culture that considers her as “other.”
Hydraulics of Great Lakes Inlet - Harbors Systems

Reversing currents in inlets on the Great Lakes are generated primarily by long wave seiching modes of the lakes rather than by the tide. In order to investigate the nature of long wave excitation and the generating mechanism for significant inlet velocities, to establish techniques for predicting inlet-harbor system response, and to develop base data for future planning and design studies, field measurements were conducted in 1974-75 at several harbors on the Great Lakes. Data collected includes continuous harbor water level measurements at all sites, inlet velocity measurements at the primary site (Pentwater, Michigan), and channel hydrographic surveys at the sites where more recent data were needed. Historic water level and velocity data for some of the harbor sites was also available. Amplification of harbor oscillations and generation of the highest inlet velocities are caused by the Helmholtz resonance mode which has a period of 1 to 3 hours for the inlet-harbor systems studied. A recently developed simple lumped-parameter numerical model is shown to be quite effective in predicting inlet-harbor response over the range of excitation periods encountered. Selected data from Pentwater are presented to demonstrate the hydraulic response of the inlet harbor system and the applicability of the lumped-parameter numerical model.
Breast Cancer Subtypes: Morphologic and Biologic Characterization:

Advances in basic science, technology and translational research have created a revolution in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. Researchers' discoveries of genes defining variability in response to therapy and heterogeneity in clinical presentations and tumor biology are the foundation of the path to personalized medicine. The success of personalized breast cancer care depends on access to pertinent clinical information and risk factors, optimal imaging findings, well-established morphologic features, and traditional and contemporary prognostic/predictive testing. The integration of these entities provides an opportunity to identify patients who can benefit from specific therapies, and demonstrates the link between breast cancer subtypes and their association with different tumor biology. It is critical to recognize specific types of breast cancer in individual patients and design optimal personalized therapy. This article will highlight the roles of morphologic features and established tumor biomarkers on patient outcome.
TEMPORAL DISTANCE TO RETIREMENT AND COMMUNICATION FRAMING: ENHANCING RETIREMENT FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING

Based on temporal construal theory, the length of time a person has before they reach retirement age will influence how they react to different types of messages. This theory predicts younger workers prefer more abstract communications compared to older workers who should prefer more concrete information because retirement is a distant goal rather than a proximal one. We also directly test how positive and negative message framing, goal time frames, concreteness of the material presented and an individuals’ age influences an individual’s retirement savings intentions. This paper summarizes our preliminary findings. We test our hypotheses using survey responses gathered after participants view one of several different ads that vary by communication tactics but not by the savings-related information provided. Our initial results indicate that different communication techniques may be more effective with younger workers than older workers and vice versa. In addition, we also find the effectiveness of negative message framing increases when presented in a manner (either abstract or concrete) that is consistent with the way the individual views retirement. Finally, by reducing the goal time frame for younger workers, we find evidence that we may be able to encourage this age group to think more concretely about savings and express stronger intentions to save. Our paper concludes with an outline of our future research plans. Our final results should be helpful when designing communications for targeted age groups.
Quasielastic neutron scattering with in situ humidity control: Water dynamics in uranyl fluoride

The structural phase diagram of uranyl fluoride (UO2F2), while incomplete, contains at least one anhydrous crystal structure and a second, zeolite-like structure with the formula [(UO2F2)(H2O)]7 ⋅ (H2O)4 that can be produced by adding water to the anhydrous structure. While traditional diffraction measurements can easily differentiate these crystals, additional aqueous structures (in general of the form UO2F2 + xH2O) have been proposed as well. We present results using a novel sample environment setup to intercalate water during a quasielastic neutron scattering measurement over the course of 86 h. Our sample environment allows low-pressure (<2 atm) humid air flow across the sample coupled with a system to control the relative humidity of this air flow between 10% and 70%. The water dynamics in UO2F2 and [(UO2F2)(H2O)]7 ⋅ (H2O)4 are sufficiently different to distinguish them, with water in the latter executing a restricted diffusion (D = 2.7 × 10−6 cm2/s) within the structure's accessible pores (r = 3.17 ...
Increasing incidence of hospital admissions for opioid poisonings in adolescents and young adults: 2000–2009

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e202–e284 e237 FDA recognizes the need for additional scientific work to identify the best approaches to characterize these formulations. Financial support: N/A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.110 Increasing incidence of hospital admissions for opioid poisonings in adolescents and young adults: 2000–2009 Deepa R. Camenga, J.R. Gaither, John Leventhal, S. Ryan Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United
EXCITATION AND HABITUATION OF CRAYFISH ESCAPE

This paper describes one of the first attempts to analyze the synaptic basis for the release of an animal's fixed action pattern, which controls a behavior such as the crayfish escape response. It is also one of the early demonstrations that the neural mechanisms of a simple form of learning, known
THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN TIDE ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION — SOME PERSONAL MEMORIES

The science of tide analysis and prediction reached so high a level of achievement in the early years of this century that there was little change or improvement for about fifty years. However, as electronic computers became both available and more powerful, very significant changes were introduced into virtually all aspects of tide observation, analysis and prediction. By virtue of this author’s service for many years in the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Atlantic Meteorological and Oceanographic Laboratories and, more recently, at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, he has been a participant in many aspects of the changed procedures. His memories of how these changes came about are featured in this paper.
Optimization Craft and Quality Control of Traumatic Injury Coating Agent

Objective:To screen the best craft for the preparation of Traumatic Injury Coating Agent(TICA) with orthogonal experimental design and provide quality control as well.Methods:The traditional Chinese medicine was extracted with proper method and polyvinyl alcohol was used as the substrate.The appearance of the coating agent and the coating formation time were taken as evaluation indexes.L9(34) orthogonal experimental design was selected for craft screening,and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) was used to detect the content of chlorogenic acid.Results:The best prescription of the coating agent is as follows: 30ml extract of the traditional Chinese medicine,7 grams PVA124 plus 4ml glycerine.The average recovery rate of the chlorogenic acid was 103%.Conclusion:We successfully selected the optimized craft with fine plasticity and convenient application.RP-HPLC can effectively control the content of chlorogenic acid in the coating agent.
Aortic dissection mimicking a massive pulmonary embolism.

An 85-year-old patient presented after an abrupt change in mentation and was found to be hypotensive and hypoxic. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) (see Supplementary data online, Video S1 ) revealed an underfilled, hyperdynamic left ventricle (LV), and a dilated right ventricle (RV) with an akinetic free wall. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was estimated …
Common Blue Nevus

The “common” blue nevus (also called nevus of Jadassohn- Tieche or dendritic blue nevus) is a benign neoplasm composed of dendritic melanocytes accompanied by numerous melanophages and by variable degrees of fi brosis. The lesion is entirely contained in the dermis, without a junctional component. The common blue nevus constitutes a clinical and morphological continuum with the so-called “cellular” blue nevus, discussed in the next chapter. The dichotomy, common versus cellular, is entrenched in the literature but ignores the great variety of appearances that blue nevi have. Despite this morphological diversity, blue nevi are a more genomically homogeneous group than other types of nevus. Almost all of them have mutations in one of two related genes, gna-q and gna-11. Their morphological features are also linked by histopathologic patterns suggesting derivation from perineural precursor cells and migration through the dermis, as occurs with congenital nevi, and smaller so-called congenital pattern nevi.
Economic valuation of river restoration: An analysis of the valuation literature and its uses in decision-making

This paper provides an analysis of existing non-market valuations of river restoration primarily in the United States and Europe. The goals of the river restoration in terms of ecosystem services are identified, as are the valuation methods used. More than two-thirds of the 38 river restorations reviewed sought to restore and protect fish populations, including in many cases threatened or endangered species. River restorations were also frequently undertaken to improve wildlife habitat, and water quality for boating. In terms of the use of non-market valuations in decision making, six of 38 restorations reviewed involved benefit-cost analyses or environmental assessments or equivalent decision documents. While both revealed preference and stated preference methods were used for valuing river restorations, the majority of restoration valuations (27 out of 38, about 70%) utilized stated preference methods such as the contingent valuation method (CVM) and choice experiments (CE). Annual willingness-to-pay per household estimated from the stated preference methods appear logically and positively related to the miles of river restored demonstrating weak scope.
Age differences in the effects of mortality salience on the correspondence bias

According to terror management theory, awareness of death affects diverse aspects of human thought and behavior. Studies have shown that older and younger adults differ in how they respond to reminders of their mortality. The present study investigated one hypothesized explanation for these findings: Age-related differences in the tendency to make correspondent inferences. The correspondence bias was assessed in younger and older samples after death-related, negative, or neutral primes. Younger adults displayed increased correspondent inferences following mortality primes, whereas older adults’ inferences were not affected by the reminder of death. As in prior research, age differences were evident in control conditions; however, age differences were eliminated in the death condition. Results support the existence of age-related differences in responses to mortality, with only younger adults displaying increased reliance on simplistic information structuring after a death reminder.
Multislice does it all-calculating the performance of nanofocusing X-ray optics

We describe an approach to calculating the optical performance of a wide range of nanofocusing X-ray optics using multislice scalar wave propagation with a complex X-ray refractive index. This approach produces results indistinguishable from methods such as coupled wave theory, and it allows one to reproduce other X-ray optical phenomena such as grazing incidence reflectivity where the direction of energy flow is changed significantly. Just as finite element analysis methods allow engineers to compute the thermal and mechanical responses of arbitrary structures too complex to model by analytical approaches, multislice propagation can be used to understand the properties of the real-world optics of finite extent and with local imperfections, allowing one to better understand the limits to nanoscale X-ray imaging.
Superfluous, Invisible, and Invalid

Many women in England’s long eighteenth century found themselves unvalued creatures within a world that saw only their (lack of) monetary worth. These vulnerable superfluous women struggle to retain their intrinsic value even as they have lost their expressed value. Both Emma’s Miss Bates and Persuasion’s Mrs. Smith have fallen from a more prominent place in society: they are poor, childless, and have been aged out of the marriage market. They play an important, albeit minor, role in the novels, each fighting her superfluity while exposing the pitiful state of the poor unmarried woman, ultimately warning the heroine of a plight she might have realized had circumstances been slightly different. Miss Bates has already disappeared from a marriage market in which she had little expressed value, and it is her struggle to assert her intrinsic value within her small corner of society that is both comic and distressing, yet ultimately revelatory. Mrs. Smith is a widow who was at one time successful on the marriage market but has found herself dependent on charity, and she must assert her tarnished but ultimately reclaimable intrinsic value to retrieve her lost fortune. Becoming a superfluous woman was a palpable danger for women in early nineteenth-century England because they had little expressed value. Miss Bates and her humility, Mrs. Smith and her resilience, expose an often overlooked dark side of women’s reality and provide a means to demonstrate the intrinsic value of apparent superfluous women while reflecting the difficult world in which they live.
When do the effects of distractors provide a measure of distractibility

Abstract We discuss how, at the present time, there is a large deal of confusion in the attention literature regarding the use of the label “distractor” and what may be inferred from experiments using distractors. In particular, investigators seem to use the concepts of distractor interference and distractibility almost interchangeably. In contrast, we argue at both the theoretical and empirical levels that these two concepts are not only different, but in fact mutually exclusive. To that end, a brief review of several subliteratures is presented, in which we identify some examples of the misuse of these terms. We also propose a new paradigm for the study of distraction, as well as present a contemporary general theory of visual attention that provides a better framework for understanding distractor-interference effects, as well as instances of true distraction.
Percutaneous access planning, techniques and considerations for endovascular aortic repair (EVAR)

Percutaneous endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has transformed the field of aortic repair. As techniques and devices improve, interventionalists continue to expand the boundaries of what is possible, enabling these life-saving procedures to be performed on a wider range of more technically challenging cases. This article discusses endovascular access considerations for EVAR including; ultrasound guidance, preclose technique, access vessel options, innovative devices, and bailout strategies that interventionalists should be familiar with to optimize patient outcomes.
Critical consciousness and intent to persist through college in DACA and U.S. citizen students: The role of immigration status, race, and ethnicity.

Objectives We used the model of critical consciousness (CC; Freire, 1973) to examine college persistence in a sample of Hispanic Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) college students in contrast to Hispanic and non-Hispanic White U.S. citizens. To do this, we looked to social cognitive career theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) to clarify the development of CC and its association with college persistence in students facing marginalization due to immigration status and racial/ethnic identity. Method The sample consisted of 368 undergraduate college students, including 89 Hispanic DACA recipients, 88 Hispanics with U.S. citizenship, and 191 non-Hispanic Whites with U.S. citizenship. Students completed scales on intent to persist in college, political self-efficacy, political outcome expectations, critical reflection, critical action, and supports and barriers for critical action. Results The data were examined using multigroup structural equation modeling; goodness of fit indices suggested good model fit for all groups. Tests of structural invariance revealed that 7 relational paths were equal across student groups, while race/ethnicity and immigration status differentiated the strength of 7 paths. Conclusions Our findings indicate that there are differences in how Hispanic DACA students experience CC in relation to support for their political advocacy and activism. Findings also highlight that political outcome expectations predicted higher intent to persist in college for all students, including Hispanic DACA students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Measuring cultural competence in emergency management and homeland security higher education programs

With the evolving demographics of our communities and recent disasters directly impacting socially vulnerable populations, cultural competency has increased in importance. Emergency management and ...
Abstract TP27: Admission Motor strength Grade Predicts Mortality in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke undergoing Thrombectomy.

Introduction: The mortality due to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in the acute treatment of intracranial arterial thromboses can be up to 30%. It is important to determine pre-procedural factors that help predict post-intervention prognosis. Hypothesis: To determine which factors on admission may be used to predict mortality after MT. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 62 patients who underwent MT for acute ischemic stroke with or without concurrent intravenous thrombolysis from an IRB approved stroke database (Jan07-Mar11). Mortality served as an independent primary outcome measure using five baseline variables: medical research council (MRC) motor grade (0-5); modified collateral flow (CS) grading (0-3); age; and acute and chronic co-morbidities in the univariate and multivariate analyses. If upper and lower extremity motor grade differed, the lower score was utilized. Age was analyzed independently as well as dichotomized using 80 as cut-off value. Relevant stroke related acute and chronic co-morbidities were given 1 point each and mean calculated. Results (table): In the univariate analysis, low MRC (0-1) motor strength grade (p=0.001) and age (p=0.011) was significantly associated with mortality. The presence of collateral flow or acute and chronic co-morbidities were not significantly associated with mortality. In the multivariate analysis, motor grade retained its statistical significance for mortality (p=0.003) along with chronic co-morbidities (p=0.04). Interestingly, age which was a strong predictor of favorable stroke outcome in previous studies was not statistically significant for predicting mortality (p=0.32). Conclusions: In conclusion, admission MRC motor strength grade may serve as a robust predictor of mortality after MT in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Further validation by prospective multivariate analysis using larger sample size is needed.
Surgery and Diabetes

Medical treatment of the diabetic patient undergoing surgery is described. Intravenous insulin is emphasized for all patients, except the type II diabetic patient controlled on diet therapy. Frequent metabolic monitoring of the patient is critical to a successful outcome. Bedside glucose monitoring is the most important advance during the last decade for monitoring the patient.
Counseling Rape Victims

Rape victims have undergone an experience of extreme stress that is often sudden, unexpected, and felt to be life-threatening. Our working assumption is that rape arouses massive anxiety that produces a rupture of intrapsychic homeostasis. This in turn precipitates a painful and dysfunctional state of crisis (Golan, 1969, 1978). There are widely observed time-limited and phase-specific emotional and behavioral reactions described as the rape trauma syndrome (Burgess & Holmstrom, 1974a,b; Sutherland & Scherl, 1970). Indeed, the rape trauma syndrome is consistent with other gross stress syndromes and crisis reactions reported in the literature (Horowitz, 1976; Lindemann, 1944; Smith, 1978; Titchener & Kapp, 1976).
Elements of Set Theory

This book, like almost every other modern mathematics book, develops its subject matter assuming a knowledge of elementary set theory. This assumption is often not justified. In this chapter we offer an informal exposition of set theory. In §1–6, we present the axioms for set theory and develop enough of elemen­tary set theory to formalize basic number theory including, for example, the uniqueness of the natural numbers up to isomorphism as a structure satisfying Peano’s famous axioms for successor as well as the existence and uniqueness of functions defined by induction or recursion on the natural numbers. We also present the basic set-theoretic notions such as functions, sequences and orders needed elsewhere in this book. In §7, we develop the basic notions of cardinality (size) for finite and countable sets. The remaining sections (8–11) establish the principle of transfinite induction and develop the basic theory of infinite ordinals and cardinals, the cumulative hierarchy of sets that forms the natural model of set theory, as well as some of the usual variants of the axiom of choice. Together, this material should supply a sufficient background in set theory for almost any graduate course of studies in computer science or mathematics. The exposition is independent of the rest of the book and repeats a small amount of material fromI.1and the historical appendix.
The Lethal and Potentially Lethal Model — A Review and Recent Development

The Lethal and Potentially Lethal (LPL) Model [1] is a kinetic model of cell killing based on the following basic assumptions: 1. The damage caused by ionizing radiation at the molecular level that eventually leads to cell death can be separated into two broad classes: that which has the potential of being lethal but also can be repaired correctly and that which is lethal ab initio and cannot be repaired correctly. The molecular lesions causing these types of damage are called potentially lethal and lethal lesions respectively. They are tentatively being identified with DNA double strand breaks of different severity. 2. Two fates other than (viable) repair are possible for the potentially lethal lesions: (a) they can interact with one another to form a lethal lesion (this is called binary misrepair) or (b) they can be fixed (i.e., made lethal) by such events as progression of the cell through specific points in the cell cycle or the addition of a repair inhibiting drug (this is called linear fixation). It might be remarked here that both the present model and the RMR model [2,3] share this assumption. The idea of misrepair was initially applied by Lea and Catcheside [4] to describe the formation of chromosome aberrations in tradescantia and has been invoked in various models of cell killing [2,3,5,6,7,8,9]. 3. The potentially lethal lesions can be further subdivided into subclasses which depend on their characteristic repair times. Two subclasses have been identified and discussed by Iliakis [10], one with a half-time for repair of 10–15 minutes [11,12] and one with a half-time for repair of 1–2 hours [13]. In what follows, the short-lived lesions are assumed to last too short a time to be able to interact with each other. They, in fact, usually repair unnoticed and it requires a drastic change in the cellular milieu such as the addition of NaC1 to provide hypertonicity for the damage to be expressed. Although the identity of these two types of lesions is presently unknown, one suggestion is that the fast component comprises double strand breaks that occur in DNA which is bound to nucleosomes and the slow component comprises double strand breaks that occur in the linker DNA. 4. In the dose range of interest (i.e., less than 20 Gy), all types of the biologically important lesions are produced linearly with dose. The rates of production per unit dose are ηL and ηPL for the lethal and potentially lethal lesions, respectively. 5. The repair rate constants for the slowly and rapidly repairing subclasses of potentially lethal lesions are ePL and e′PL, respectively. The slowly repairing lesions can interact with each other at a rate e2PL producing binary misrepaired lesions. The rapidly repairing component is not normally expressed and will not be considered in the following treatment.
Minimally invasive surgery. Bedside tracheostomy and gastrostomy.

The techniques for tracheostomy and gastrostomy have been established for several decades. Although the essential technical principles, indications, and contraindications for these two procedures have not changed, recent advances in technology have led to minimally invasive percutaneous techniques. By creating smaller wounds, these techniques result in reduced morbidity. Additional advantages of percutaneous techniques include ease of implementation as a bedside procedure and performance by multiple specialists. These benefits avoid transport from the ICU, reduce cost, and result in widespread use of these procedures.
Fathers and Early Literacy

The role of fathers in promoting early literacy skills in young children is a new area for both research and the development of intervention programs. The research literature examines how frequently fathers read to their young children, why do fathers read to their children and what are some of the barriers that limit father involvement in literacy activities. The research suggests that fathers engage in reading less frequently than mothers and they may not take the same level of responsibility for promoting early literacy in young children. Programs to engage fathers in early literacy activities with their children range from one-time events to weekly activities over a period of 5 months. Fathers appear to enjoy the programs and they increase the amount of time that fathers read and find it useful to learn new strategies for reading to their children. The chapter ends with some specific suggestions for program design and implementation.
A New MIMO ORC Approach for Wide-Area Damping Control under Data Dropouts

A new multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Observer-driven Reduced Copy (ORC) i.e. MIMO-ORC architecture is proposed to deal with the data dropout issue in wide-area damping control with multiple feedback signals and actuators. The impact of cyber-physical self-coupling and cross-coupling on deterioration of closed-loop performance with data dropout is quantified through an analytical measure. Time-domain simulations show superiority of the proposed approach over single-input single-output (SISO) ORC.
The Effect of Foam Rolling of the Hamstrings on Proprioception at the Knee and Hip Joints

The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effect of hamstring foam rolling on proprioception at the knee and hip joints. Twenty-five participants completed two proprioceptive tests on separate days, in a random order. The joint position matching test used no visual feedback. Participants were verbally guided to a target lunge position, which was maintained for six seconds while right hip and knee angles were recorded. After rest, participants reproduced this position without guidance for six seconds. Three trials were completed at baseline, and zero, 10, and 20 minutes post-intervention. In the force matching test, participants completed three trials with feedback about force output from a graph, and three trials without. They gradually applied knee flexion force against the dynamometer until reaching target force output. This test was also completed at baseline, and zero, 10, and 20 minutes post-intervention. A significant main effect was found for absolute knee position matching error (F(1.97, 47.36), p = 0.004). No significant differences were found between post-intervention values at zero and 10 minutes, zero and 20 minutes, or 10 and 20 minutes for absolute hip position matching error or absolute knee force matching error at zero, 10, or 20 minutes (p > 0.05). Foam rolling improved knee joint position sense for at least 20 minutes post-intervention, and did not decrease hip joint position sense or knee joint force sense. This indicates that foam rolling may be used immediately prior to exercise without the risk of injury due to proprioceptive deficits.
Beyond the neoliberal-statist divide on the drivers of innovation: A political settlements reading of Kenya’s M-Pesa success story

Abstract While there is now broad consensus that innovation is a key driver of productivity growth, debates about the state’s role in promoting innovation remain polarised between two competing analytical and ideological paradigms. The first is neoliberalism, which confines the state to correcting market failures, ensuring competition and supporting the innovative force of the private-sector. Drawing on the developmental state phenomenon, the second calls for a strong and visionary state to drive innovation by targeting industries for investment and protecting firms until they are ready to face competition. The literature broadly falls within these camps, identifying innovation as a market- or state-driven process. This paper challenges both, arguing that there are multiple pathways to innovation, many of which represent a messier middle ground. The case of Kenya, which has become a hotbed for mobile money innovation since launching its pioneering M-Pesa service in 2007, is used to make this argument. Neoliberal and statist accounts fail to explain this story, which needs to be framed in relation to underlying power relations that span this divide. The M-Pesa success has played out within a highly-particularistic and patronage-based political context, whereby the interests of key groups within Kenya’s political settlement have crystallised to shield M-Pesa's parent company Safaricom, whose ownership structure and strategic partnerships draw in elites from across the political spectrum, from competition. This has afforded Safaricom space to innovate with M-Pesa, engendering a form of ‘developmental patrimonialism’ within which it has become a vehicle for rents to be centralised and deployed within strategic industries according to a long-term vision, with profits parcelled back to elites through generous dividend pay-outs. Concluding, the paper calls for more nuanced political economy understandings of the drivers of innovation, and mobile money adoption in particular.
High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation

Forty years have elapsed since investigators first appreciated that tidal volumes measuring less than the physiologic dead space can produce reliable ventilation when delivered at high frequencies. Of all high frequency ventilation techniques, high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is the most well studied and is the most commonly utilized in clinical practice today. In HFOV, small volume oscillatory vibrations are superimposed on continuous distending pressure in a manner that allows efficient CO2 elimination during continuous alveolar recruitment. By preserving end-expiratory lung volume, minimizing cyclic stretch, and avoiding alveolar overdistension at end-inspiration, HFOV is uniquely capable of providing the ultimate “open lung” strategy of ventilation. Over the past decade, a growing evidence base implicating phasic alveolar stretch in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung injury in patients with respiratory failure has driven the iterative refinement of HFOV management protocols for infants, children, and adults. The next step toward applying HFOV in a manner that takes into account the heterogeneity of parenchymal involvement in diseases such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome will require the development of non-invasive bedside technologies capable of identifying regional changes in lung volume and lung mechanics. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a promising technique that could play a supporting role in the conduct of future clinical trials seeking to identify HFOV strategies that are maximally lung protective.
Phase field modeling of pore electromigration in anisotropic conducting polycrystals

Abstract A phase field model is developed to investigate the migration of pores driven by an electric field in polycrystalline materials with anisotropic electrical conductivity. Mass diffusion describing pore migration is coupled with charge conduction by solving microscopic Ohm’s law. The model accounts for grain structure dependent conductivity distribution which affects pore migration velocity and path. As an example, the model is applied to simulate pore migration in tin polycrystals. Significant effects of the grain orientation on pore migration is observed which are analyzed in terms of the orientation-dependent conductivity in individual grains and the mismatch of conductivity across grain boundaries. The effects of conductivity anisotropy on the interactions between pores and pore coalescence are also discussed.