cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On a Measure for the Discernibility between Different Ambiguity Solutions in the Static-Kinematic GPS-Mode

The modeling of double-difference GPS phase observations for short baselines leads to the condition that the ambiguity parameters must be integers as long as residual biases can be neglected. However, not always is the combination of those integers the best choice which lie closest to the unconstrained least-squares solution. Thus we may investigate quite a number of different ambiguity solutions and try to discern between them by means of statistical testing.
Differential diagnosis of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: case report and literature review

Abstract Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is an uncommon benign tumor of the jaws and mostly found in patients aged less than 20 years. In this report, we describe two cases of AFO in a 5-year-old girl and a 3-year-old boy. In both cases, radiographic images showed a well-defined unilocular radiolucency with partial radiopacity in their jaws. Lesions were removed under general anesthesia and histopathologically examined, which revealed then to be AFOs. Although unerupted teeth that came in contact with the lesions were left as is, no recurrence was observed postoperatively. A common aspect of both cases was that a presurgical pathological diagnosis, which is usually made on the basis of findings of presurgical biopsy under local anesthesia, was not possible because of their immaturity. Differential diagnoses of AFO include calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT), adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), and complex odontoma (CO). As this includes tumors with a high risk of recurrence such as CEOT, an accurate clinical diagnosis is quite important. However, it was difficult to distinguish AFO from other tumors on the basis of clinical features including radiographic findings. Our review of literature revealed that there have been no reports of cases of CEOT and CCOT in patients aged less than 6 years, whereas AFO was frequently detected. We concluded that radiographic findings in combination with the patient’s age were quite useful indicators for the differential diagnosis of AFO. Moreover, our case report supported the notion that impacted teeth adjacent to AFO can be preserved.
Detecting the undetectable: Characterization, optimization, and validation of an eDNA detection assay for the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel, Alasmidonta heterodon (Bivalvia: Unionoida)

Environmental DNA (eDNA) assays are valuable tools for monitoring the presence and distribution of cryptic species. Like many freshwater mussels, the numbers of dwarf wedgemussel, Alasmidonta heterodon, have dwindled and its range has diminished. As of its listing in 1993, only 10–20 locations were known to persist out of the 70 Atlantic slope locations known historically. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay to detect the presence of A. heterodon was developed that uses two probes to accommodate a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the probe‐binding site within the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. This SNP defines northern and southern major phylogenetic lineages. The primers match exactly the previously determined COI sequences of 20 dwarf wedgemussel individuals representing Atlantic slope populations from North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, New York, and New Hampshire. Other than for the qPCR assay described here, these primers can be used for sequencing or metabarcoding to further delineate dwarf wedgemussel populations phylogenetically. A simple eDNA preparation method is introduced using flocculation to concentrate free DNA in solution as well as cellular material (including shed animal cells, bacteria, viruses, and dissolved DNA). In addition to the specific application described here, the methodological approaches used in this study are widely applicable to conservation, including, but not limited to, general aquatic biodiversity, phylogenetic studies, and the detection of pathogenic microbes.
Abstract WMP95: A Transition of Care Program to Reduce Stroke Related Hospital Readmissions

Introduction: Readmission to the hospital after discharge following a stroke or TIA remains a nation-wide problem. While the CMS national benchmark was approximately 12% in 2015, our hospital Medic...
Effect of race on survival of metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with VEGFR-TKI therapy.

e15507 Background: African Americans (AAs) with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have a higher incidence of disease, younger age of onset, and at least in the cytokine era AA have had a shorter progressi...
Neurologic, Cognitive, and Behavioral Consequences of Opioid Overdose: a Review

To review the literature regarding neurologic, cognitive, and behavioral disorders resulting from non-fatal opioid overdose. Although there is extensive literature regarding hypoxic-ischemic brain injury resulting from cardiac arrest, studies specifically examining opioid-induced brain injury are limited, derived mainly from patient case reports or animal models. Medical management of this population requires careful consideration of acute and long-term complications, as well as careful treatment planning in coordination with neurology, neuropsychology, psychiatry, and addiction medicine. In addition to interventions to prevent fatal opioid overdose, further studies are needed on the neurologic, cognitive, and behavioral sequelae of opioid overdose in order to develop an effective long-term treatment strategy to manage the healthcare needs of this population.
Fully-Integrated Heterogeneous DML Transmitters for High-Performance Computing

Optical connectivity, which has been widely deployed in today's datacenters and high-performance computing (HPC) systems, is a disruptive technological revolution to the IT industry in the new Millennium. In our journey to debut an Exascale supercomputer, a completely new computing concept, called memory-driven computing, was innovated recently. This new computing architecture brings challenges and opportunities for novel optical interconnect solutions. Here, we first discuss our strategy to develop appropriate optical link solutions for different data traffic scenarios in memory-driven HPCs. Then, we present detailed review on recent work to demonstrate fully photonics-electronics-integrated single- and multi-wavelength directly modulated laser (DML) transmitters on silicon for the first time. Compact heterogeneous microring lasers and laser arrays were fabricated as photonic engines to work with a customized complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) driver circuit. Microring lasers based on conventional quantum well and new quantum dot lasing medium were compared in the experiment. Thermal shunt and MOS capacitor structures were integrated into the lasers for effective thermal management and ultra low-energy tuning. It enables a controllable dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) link architecture in an HPC environment. An equivalent microring laser circuit model was constructed to allow photonics-electronics co-simulation. Equalization functionality in the CMOS driver circuit proved to be critical to achieve up to 14 Gb/s direct modulation with 6 dB extinction ratio. Finally, the on-going and future work is discussed towards more robust, higher speed, and more energy efficient DML transmitters.
Adjoint sensitivity analysis of hybrid multibody dynamical systems

Sensitivity analysis computes the derivatives of general cost functions that depend on the system solution with respect to parameters or initial conditions. This work develops adjoint sensitivity analysis for hybrid multibody dynamic systems. The adjoint sensitivity is commonly referred to as backward propagation. Hybrid systems are characterized by trajectories that are piecewise continuous in time, with finitely-many discontinuities being caused by events such as elastic/inelastic impacts or sudden changes in constraints. The corresponding direct and adjoint sensitivity variables are also discontinuous at the time of events. The framework discussed herein uses a jump sensitivity matrix to relate the jump conditions for the direct and adjoint sensitivities before and after the time event and provides analytical jump equations for the adjoint variables. The theoretical framework for sensitivities for hybrid systems is verified on a five-bar mechanism with non-smooth contacts.
Lefkowitz, Disobedience and Political Authority: North Carolina’s Moral Mondays as a Paradigmatic Case of Civil Disobedience

This paper examines political philosopher David Lefkowitiz’s (2007) framework of public disobedience and argues that the acts of civil disobedience employed in the nonviolent Moral Monday protests held at the State Legislative building in the city of Raleigh, North Carolina (United States) during the summer of 2013, are consistent with his account. By definition, public disobedience is a “suitably constrained form of civil disobedience,” compatible with political authority, or a legitimate state's right to rule, because citizens are recognized as holding a moral right to engage in such acts. Specifically, I argue that North Carolina's Moral Mondays activism is a paradigmatic instance of civil, nonviolent resistance by demonstrating how the protests satisfy three necessary conditions of civil disobedience that are also present in Lefkowitz's framework. In my final analysis, I conclude that Moral Mondays are distinguishable from forthright, lawless acts of dissidence that undermine rather than safeguard political authority.
An Experimental Study on the Performance of Savonius Wind Turbines Related With The Number Of Blades

Abstract Wind energy is the most abundantly available clean form of renewable energy in the earth crust. Wind turbines produce electricity by using the power of wind to drive an electric generator. There are two kinds of wind turbines according to the axis of rotation to the ground, horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). VAWTs include both a drag type configuration like Savonius wind turbine and a lift-type configuration like Darrieus wind turbine. Savonius wind rotor has many advantages over others in that its construction is simpler and cheaper. It is independent of the wind direction and has a good starting torque at lower wind speeds. The experimental study conducted in this paper aims to investigate the effect of number of blades on the performance of the model of Savonius type wind turbine. The experiments used to compare 2, 3, and 4 blades wind turbines to show tip speed ratio, torque and power coefficient related with wind speed. A simulation using ANSYS 13.0 software will show pressure distribution of wind turbine. The results of study showed that number of blades influence the performance of wind turbine. Savonius model with three blades has the best performance at high tip speed ratio. The highest tip speed ratio is 0.555 for wind speed of 7 m/s.
Lost Generations: Long‐Term Effects of the COVID‐19 Crisis on Job Losers and Labour Market Entrants, and Options for Policy

This paper discusses the potential long-run effects of large-scale unemployment during the COVID-19 crisis in the labour market on vulnerable job losers and labour market entrants in the United States. The paper begins by contrasting measures of the scale of job loss during the crisis. These measures are paired with estimates from past recessions indicating that the costs of job loss and unemployment can reduce workers' earnings and raise their mortality for several decades. Focusing only on a subset of vulnerable job losers, the potential lifetime earnings losses from job loss related to the COVID-19 pandemic are predicted to be up to $2 trillion. Related losses in employment could imply a lasting reduction in the overall employment-population ratio. For these workers, losses in potential life years could be up to 24 million. Even at the low range, the resulting estimates are substantially larger than losses in potential life years from deaths directly due to COVID-19. New labour market entrants are at risk to suffer long-term losses in earnings and mortality as well. Based partly on experiences in other countries, the paper discusses potential reforms to short-time compensation programmes and unemployment insurance, which could help limit the short- and long-term harm from layoffs going forward.
Ethical and Psychosocial Implications of Genomic Newborn Screening.

The potential for genomic screening of the newborn, specifically adding genomic screening to current newborn screening (NBS), raises very significant ethical issues. Regardless of whether NBS of this type would include entire genomes or only the coding region of the genome (exome screening) or even sequencing specific genes, the ethical issues raised would be enormous. These issues include the limitations of bioinformatic interpretation of identified variants in terms of pathogenicity and accurate prognosis, the potential for substantial uncertainty about appropriate diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up, the possibility of much anxiety among providers and parents, the potential for unnecessary treatment and “medicalizing” normal children, the possibility of adding large medical costs for otherwise unnecessary follow-up and testing, the potential for negatively impacting medical and life insurance, and the almost impossible task of obtaining truly-informed consent. Moreover, the potentially-negative consequences of adding genomic sequencing to NBS might jeopardize all of NBS which has been and continues to be so beneficial for thousands of children and their families throughout the world.
Don't Leave Me Tongue-Tied (Book Review)

Many scholars have written about the links between classical rhetoric, modern legal argument, and the teaching of law. However, it has always seemed like a long road from Aristotle’s canons of rhetoric to a courtroom’s podium. Tongue-Tied America, by Robert N. Sayler and Molly Bishop Shadel, helps us navigate that very path. The book serves as both a primer on classical rhetoric and a field guide for law students and lawyers planning oral presentations, whether formal or informal. The book starts by explaining some Aristotelean basics, such as ethos, logos, and pathos; it neatly breaks down classical rhetoric into a digestible, useful set of principles. It then shows how rhetorical principles were used in specific political speeches and how speakers can, in turn, use them to refine their own speeches and presentations.
Detection of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells by differential fluorescence analysis of DNA fluorochromes.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a sensitive two-color flow cytometry (FCM) method for detecting Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)-labeled DNA in cells treated for ≤ 30 minutes. The technique uses two nonintercalating, DNA specific fluorochromes: Hoechst 33342 (HO) and gas chromatography (GC)-binding mithramycin (MI), a dye whose fluorescence in the presence of BrdUrd remains stoichiometric to DNA content, under the conditions employed. Using dual-wavelength excitation, the blue HO and green–yellow MI fluorescence emissions are measured, and a differential amplifier subtracts the blue fluorescence from the green–yellow fluorescence signal amplitude on a cell-by-cell basis; the resulting difference signal is amplified. Cells in S-phase exhibit a significant BrdUrd-HO quenching and produce a greater differential fluorescence signal compared with that of cells in the G 1 and G 2 + M phase, which, except for minor differences in HO and MI stainability, show relatively small fluorescence differences. The technique is simple and rapid and requires only one-step staining. It is mild and therefore minimizes cell loss and loss of other important cellular markers, such as DNA and/or chromatin, RNA, and proteins, including cellular antigens.
Physical aspects of fatty acid transport between and through biological membranes

Publisher Summary The fast diffusion of fatty acids across the plasma membrane of several types of living cells is established by new fluorescence methods. This chapter discusses the physical aspects of fatty acid transport between and through biological membranes. It further explains solubility of glucose and fatty acids in water and membranes. The uptake of water-soluble glucose into cells involves complex mechanisms and requires a transporter within the plasma membrane. Several transporter isoforms, namely GLUTs 1–3, are plasma membrane proteins that allow constitutive permeation of some glucose into various tissues. Regulation of glucose transport and influx of high concentrations into skeletal muscle, heart, and adipose tissue is initiated by binding of insulin to its receptor. Glucose cannot passively diffuse through the plasma membrane. Thus, it requires a transmembrane transporter, and its uptake can be regulated, as established for the GLUT4 transport system. The chapter also discusses transfer of fatty acids between lipid and protein surfaces, translocation of glucose and lipids across cell membranes, and translocation of fatty acids across cellular membranes.
Rivalry and Revenge: Making Sense of Violence against Civilians in Conventional Civil Wars

Recent research on violence against civilians during wars has emphasized war-related factors over political ones. For example, factors such as control of territory or characteristics of the armed groups have been prioritized at the expense of factors such as ideological alignments or local political competition. In this paper, I argue that the emphasis on war-related factors is conditioned by the scope conditions of previous theories, which have focused on irregular civil wars. I switch the locus of attention to socalled conventional civil wars, and I introduce a theoretical framework that takes into account both political and war-related factors. Hypotheses are tested using data on 1,377 municipalities during the Spanish Civil War. I find that levels of prewar electoral competition explain variation in levels of direct violence from both the left and the right in the areas they controlled at the beginning of the war, but that war-related factors gain explanatory relevance after the onset of conflict, when control changes from one group to the other. In particular, there is a clear endogenous trend whereby subsequent levels of violence are highly correlated with initial levels of violence. I argue that the mechanism behind this is civilian collaboration with armed groups. In short, the paper demonstrates that an understanding of the determinants of violence requires a theory combining political cleavages and wartime dynamics.
An Annotation Engine for Supporting Video Database Population

Segmentation, video data modeling, and annotation are indispensable operations necessary for creating and populating a video database. To support such video databases, annotation data can be collected as metadata for the database and subsequently used for indexing and query evaluation. In this paper we describe the design and development of a video annotation engine, called Vane, intended to solve this problem as a domain-independent video annotation application. Using the Vane tool, the annotation of raw video data is achieved through metadata collection. This process, which is performed semi-automatically, produces tailored SGML documents whose purpose is to describe information about the video content. These documents constitute the metadatabase component of the video database. The video data model which has been developed for the metadata, is as open as possible for multiple domain-specific applications. The tool is currently in use to annotate a video archive comprised of educational and news video content.
Identification and quantification of cis and trans isomers in aminophenyl double-decker silsesquioxanes using 1H-29Si gHMBC NMR.

Cis and trans isomers of a series of double-decker silsesquioxanes (DDSQ) were characterized by two-dimensional NMR techniques. The 1H NMR spectra of these species have not previously been assigned to a degree that allows for quantification. Thus, 1H–29Si HMBC correlations were applied to facilitate 1H spectral assignment and also to confirm previous 29Si assignments for this class of silsesquioxanes. With the ability to identify all the pertinent resonances of the 1H NMR spectrum, 29Si NMR is no longer required for quantification and required only for characterization. This not only saves time and material but also provides a more accurate quantification, thus allowing for the ratio of cis and trans isomers present in each compound to be determined. A more accurate measure of the cis/trans ratio enables the investigation of its influence on the physical and chemical properties of DDSQ nanostructured materials. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on ultraclean carbon surfaces: II. Kinetics of chemisorption of oxygen on graphon

Abstract The chemisorption of oxygen on activated Graphon was studied over the temperature range −78° to 160°C at an oxygen pressure of 100 millitory. The Graphon was activated by preoxidation to 16.6% weight loss at 625°C. The oxidized sample had a BET surface area of 100 m2/gm. Prior to adsorption measurements, the sample was outgassed at 1000°C at residual pressures
Factors Influencing Daily Growth in Young-of-the-Year Winter Flounder along an Urban Gradient Revealed Using Hierarchical Linear Models

AbstractGrowth during early life history plays a key role in the recruitment dynamics of marine fishes; however, the effects of environmental stressors on growth are often difficult to quantify. In this study, increment widths from sagittal otoliths were used as a proxy for daily growth in 102 young-of-the-year Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus collected over a 2-year period from three sites in Long Island, New York. We hypothesized that we would observe different growth patterns among bays due to an environmental gradient driven primarily by contaminant loadings and environmental stressors in our study sites. Hierarchical linear models were utilized to associate individual attributes (ontogeny, condition, and gene expression) to daily growth patterns during each year. As expected, daily growth generally displayed a negative relationship with age and daily average temperature, although the effect of temperature was much more variable. Out of 14 individual attributes, the settlement date, the a...
A Prototype Search Toolkit

Information overload is now a reality. We no longer worry about obtaining a sufficient volume of data; we now are concerned with sifting and understanding the massive volumes of data available to us. To do so, we developed an integrated information processing toolkit that provides the user with a variety of ways to view their information. The views include keyword search results, a domain specific ranking system that allows for adaptively capturing topic vocabularies to customize and focus the search results, navigation pages for browsing, and a geospatial and temporal component to visualize results in time and space, and provide “what if” scenario playing. Integrating the information from different tools and sources gives the user additional information and another way to analyze the data. An example of the integration is illustrated on reports of the avian influenza (bird flu).
Immunofluorescence Staining of Group B Coxsackieviruses

Abstract Studies were conducted on the sensitivity and specificity of indirect fluorescent-antibody (FA) staining for identification of group B coxsackieviruses. Antisera produced in four different species (monkeys, rabbits, horses, hamsters) and immune ascitic fluids prepared in mice were compared for suitability in FA staining. The horse antisera showed high titers of nonspecific staining, and the rabbit antisera showed relatively low homologous FA titers. Immune reagents from monkeys, hamsters, and mice were used for homologous and heterologous testing against cell cultures infected with the various group B coxsackieviruses. Antisera or immune ascitic fluids produced in these three species showed some heterotypic and nonspecific staining at low dilutions, with the monkey antisera showing the highest heterotypic titers. However, the immune reagents could be diluted to a point where they gave no heterotypic reactivity, but still showed characteristic homotypic staining. Heterotypic staining appeared as diffuse, low-level staining of the cells, whereas homotypic staining revealed characteristic, brightly staining aggregates of viral antigen in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. By using hamster immune sera, appropriately diluted to eliminate heterotypic staining and yet give strong homotypic staining, it was possible to identify correctly 79 (93%) of 85 field strains of group B coxsackieviruses at the first passage level in BS-C-1 cells; the remainder of the strains were identified after two passages in BS-CS-1 cells. No incorrect identifications were made. A limited number of field strains of group B coxsackieviruses were passed into rhesus monkey kidney and human fetal diploid kidney cells, and these were all correctly identified by FA staining, even the strains which failed to produce a cytopathic effect in the human fetal diploid kidney cells. Two human heart and brain tissues from which coxsackievirus type B4 had been isolated failed to show homotypic FA staining in excess of nonspecific or heterotypic staining.
Electroencephalography; sleep findings in cerebral palsy.

EEG sleep records were obtained on 144 children with cerebral palsy (128 spastics and 16 athetoids). The results agree with those of earlier studies. Electroencephalographic tracings taken while the patient is asleep are of definite diagnostic value but are of limited prognostic value. A larger population of athetoids is needed to determine the significance of the continuous high amplitude spindling which was observed. Serial studies should be done on those patients with seizure discharges but without clinical seizures to determine the prognostic significance of such activity in the EEG.
Mini-chamber, an advanced protection concept for NIF

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target debris and ablated near-target materials pose the primary threat to the National Ignition Facility (NIF) final optics debris shields, as well as a major challenge in future inertial fusion energy (IFE) power plants. This work discusses a NIF `mini-chamber,` designed to mitigate the debris threat. Although the NIF base-line design protects against debris using a frost-protected target positioner and refractory first-wall coatings, the mini-chamber provides important flexibility in three areas: debris-shield protection from beyond-design basis shots (i.e. heavy hohlraums, special diagnostics, shields); fielding of large experiments with significant surface ablation; and studying key ablation and gas-dynamics issues for liquid-wall IFE power plants. Key mini-chamber modeling results are presented, followed by discussion of equipment requirements for fielding a NIF mini-chamber. 7 refs., 3 figs.
Rest period effect on peak torque in female collegiate and recreational athletes

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of rest period on peak torque in females. Thirty college-aged females (n = 15 collegiate athletes and n = 15 recreational athletes) performed three practice sessions and four experimental sessions using a knee flexion/extension protocol on a CYBEX NORM isokinetic dynamometer. Each session began with a five minute warmup on a cycle ergometer after which the subjects performed four maximal repetitions of knee extension at five isokinetic velocities, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300°·sec -1 with randomly assigned rest periods of 15, 60, 180, or 300 seconds between velocity sets while knee flexion was held constant at 300°·sec -1 . Peak torque was recorded for each trial. Data were analyzed using a 4 (rest) x 5 (velocity) repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in peak torque between any of the rest periods. It was concluded that in females a 60 second rest is adequate for muscle recovery when executing four maximal repetitions.
Longitudinal analysis of novel Alzheimer's disease proteomic cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers during intravenous immunoglobulin therapy

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy has shown promising results in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a Random Forest (RF) classification model was used to identify possible effects of IVIg on a group of eight subjects who underwent immunotherapy. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from eight AD subjects who underwent IVIg therapy were collected before therapy, after 6 months of therapy, and after a 3-month drug washout period. Samples were analyzed using 2DE and further studied using a RF classification model to identify effects of IVIg on a panel of 23 putative diagnostic AD biomarkers previously identified. Six of the eight subjects showed improvements with respect to the 23 AD diagnostic biomarkers after 6 months of therapy compared to the samples taken at the outset of the trial. All subjects reverted back to baseline during drug washout. These results are also consistent with clinical observations. The observed improvements in subjects during 6 months of IVIg therapy and the reversion back to baseline during drug washout provides preliminary evidence regarding the potential use of IVIg as an AD immunotherapy.
Phylogenetic relationships of Meliola and Meliolina inferred from nuclear small subunit rRNA sequences

The phylogenetic relationships of two Meliola spp., one Meliolina sp., and 36 other ascomycetes were inferred from sequences of the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Meliolaceae are members of the unitunicate Pyrenomycetes, and are not closely related to the bitunicate ascomycetes. The Meliolaceae have been hypothesised to be closely related to the Erysiphaceae, but the cladistic analyses showed that the two families are not closely related. The phylogenetic position of Meliolina is found amongst the bitunicate ascomycetes making it distantly related to the Meliolaceae.
AUTOMATIC VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION: TECHNOLOGIES AND FUNCTIONALITIES

Abstract Automatic vehicle identification (AVI) was first introduced in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. However, in spite of several successful tests, AVI systems were not widely implemented. Now there is a resurgence of interest in AVI, both because of recent technological advances and because of the important role that AVI plays in integrated intelligent vehicle highway systems (IVHS). This paper reviews different AVI technologies and their functional capabilities. In particular, it describes different generic AVI systems, their characteristics, and how AVI technology can be and has been applied to toll/revenue collection, access control, surveillance, and fleet management.
An application of attachment theory: mentoring relationship dynamics and ethical concerns

A portion of this article was presented in August 2006 in E.N. Williams (Chair), Feminist mentoring: Where the personal meets the political, a symposium conducted at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans, LA. The author thanks Susana Blanco of SUNY Albany for her contributions to that presentation and her comments on previous versions of this manuscript.
Non-leaking lip seals - A roughness effect study

An analysis of roughness effects on leakage of lip seals is presented. The generation of fine axially oriented striations has been seen to occur on some lip seals after a certain time of operation, Muller and Ott (1984). Kammuller (1986) and Muller (1987) have suggested that under running conditions, the striations may be distorted due to differential shear stresses leading to a channelling or pumping action of the grooves. This may balance the flow due to the pressure difference over the seal and thus suppress leakage
Monopolistic competition and urban systems

One of the most notable phenomena in the recent world economy is that it is becoming increasingly borderless. For example, the twelve countries of the EC are supposed to complete the formation of an integrated economic region by the end of 1992, in which there would be no restriction on movements of goods, capital and people. Given such a plan of economic integration, an obvious question of interest is what will be the new economic geography of the EC? More concretely. what will happen to the present major cities such as London, Paris, Rome and Frankfurt? Where will the new dominant financial center (or centers) be? Where will the new core (or cores) be? What will happen to the present peripheral regions? In investigating such questions concerning the long-run spatial impact of an economic integration, first note that in a modern industrialized economy. most economic activities are agglomerated in cities. Furthermore, cities are different from each other not only m sizes but also in their functions. In an economy. typically. cities together constitute some form of hierarchical system. Thus, when we ask what the future economic geography of the EC will be like, we are asking, in essence. what new hierarchical system of cities will emerge in the integrated EC? What we need, then, is an economic theory which can explain the formation and change of hlerarchical city system in an economy. Unfortunately, however, it seems that no microeconomic model yet exists which can generate a hierarchical system of cities in a general equilibrium context of a national (or international) economy. Although a countless number of articles has been published on ‘central place theory’ since the pioneering work by Christaller (1933), no formal microeconomic model of central place theory seems to have been developed yet.’
Chemisorption of CO on Ir(100) studied by photoemission

Abstract Chemisorption of cabon monoxide on a reconstructed Ir(100) surface has been studied by means of LEED and photoemission. In the photoemission spectrum, apart from a low lying peak due to the 4σ-orbital of CO, there is also a broad bump divided by a clear dip. The upper part of this double peak is assigned to the 5σ orbital and the lower part to the 1 π orbital of CO.
Chemiluminescence of nitric oxide: The NO (C2Π−A2Σ+) rate constant

Abstract A rocket borne scanning 1 4 -m spectrometer was used to observe the night airglow between 1900 and 2300 A at a resolution of 15 A. An attitude control system oriented the payload horizontally near apogee (150 km) and pointed the field of view to the north and parallel with the terminator. Progressions from the δ(0, v″) and γ(0, 0) band system of nitric oxide were observed. The observations of the δ-bands and γ-bands are consistent with the relative intensities produced in the preassociation of ground state atomic oxygen and nitrogen. An observation of the v′ = 0, e-band progression is suggested and is consistent with the presence of a resonance fluorescence contribution near apogee. The A2Σ+ (upper level of the γ-bands) can only be populated by cascade from the C2π state (upper level of the γ-bands) in the preassociation reaction. In the absence of quenching of the A2Σ+ state, the emission rate of the γ-bands can be used as a measure of the C−A transition and thus to deduce the branching ratio to the A2Σ+ state. This branching ratio is estimated to be 0.21±0.04.
Preservation of crossmodal selective attention in healthy aging

The goal of the present study was to determine if older adults benefited from attention to a specific sensory modality in a voluntary attention task and evidenced changes in voluntary or involuntary attention when compared to younger adults. Suppressing and enhancing effects of voluntary attention were assessed using two cued forced-choice tasks, one that asked participants to localize and one that asked them to categorize visual and auditory targets. Involuntary attention was assessed using the same tasks, but with no attentional cues. The effects of attention were evaluated using traditional comparisons of means and Cox proportional hazards models. All analyses showed that older adults benefited behaviorally from selective attention in both visual and auditory conditions, including robust suppressive effects of attention. Of note, the performance of the older adults was commensurate with that of younger adults in almost all analyses, suggesting that older adults can successfully engage crossmodal attention processes. Thus, age-related increases in distractibility across sensory modalities are likely due to mechanisms other than deficits in attentional processing.
Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (PanFTS) for Geostationary Measurements of Atmospheric Composition

The Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (PanFTS) instrument is being developed, to meet the science demands of measuring a wide range of trace gases with unprecedented vertical resolution, by sensing the UV, visible, and IR in one instrument.
The prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis: Assessment of disease activity and disease severity in the clinic

The prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis is best described separately for mortality, work disability, costs, functional disability, total joint arthroplasty, radiographic abnormality, and psychosocial factors. The most important determinants of prognoses are the severity and persistence of disease activity. Methods for disease activity assessment have been developed for use in clinical trials, but these are often not suitable for use in clinical practice because of time constraints, costs, and special training required. However, clinicians can measure disease activity relatively simply according to joint counts, acute-phase reactants, and patient self-report tests. Nomograms, based on percentile ranking of disease activity variables, are simple tools that can be used in the clinic to estimate disease activity and change in clinical status.
Venus: Atmospheric and lithospheric composition

Abstract Viewed in terms of possible chemical equilibrium between the atmosphere and lithosphere of Venus, it seems that our knowledge of the composition of the upper atmosphere (above the clouds) may contain useful information regarding the presence or absence of particular mineral assemblages on the surface. It also is possible in principle to determine the surface temperature and pressure at which such equilibrium occurs, and thus to place limits on the surface conditions independent of radar-astronomical and spacecraft observations. The geochemical and observational aspects of three possible models for the surface are discussed.
Calculator interfacing of a dynamic mechanical analyzer

The du Pont 980 dynamic mechanical analyzer has been interfaced with a Hewlett-Packard 9825A calculator. This permits the resonant frequency and loss to be converted automatically into the engineering quantities of modulus, loss modulus, and tan δ presented in both tabular and graphical form as functions of temperature. Productivity is much greater than with previous ways of taking and processing data, and subtle features of the dynamic mechanical spectrum are more easily revealed.
Vector and tensor based bond graphs for physical systems modeling

Abstract The efficient use of bond graph modeling techniques in three-dimensional mechanical dynamics has been hampered by the topological complexity of typical system models. The application of basic tensor analysis methods in bond graph modeling of both discrete and continuous systems leads to significant topological simplifications. The simplified vector and tensor based models express effort, flow, and energy balance laws in a coordinate system independent form.
Binding of prostaglandin E1 to human erythrocyte membrane

Abstract Prostaglandin E1 is known to alter the structural and functional characteristics of red blood cells, yet, little is understood about the membrane receptors mediating this process. We therefore studied the binding of tritium-labeled prostaglandin E1 to the intact human erythrocyte membrane and demonstrated that the interaction is highly specific, rapid, saturable and reversible. Scatchard analysis of prostaglandin E1 binding to the membrane preparations showed the presence of two independent classes of prostaglandin E1 binding sites which differed in their affinity for the autacoid. The high-affinity class had Kd = 3.6 · 10−9 M and the low-affinity class had Kd = 5.6 · 10−5M. The optimum pH for the binding of [3H]prostaglandin E1 to the erythrocyte membrane was found to be around 7.5 and maximum specific binding occured at a concentration of 5 mM Mg2+ in the incubation mixture. [3H]Prostaglandin E1 bound to the membrane preparation could not be displaced by GTP or by its stable derivative Gpp[NH]p. However, prostaglandin E1 bound to the erythrocyte membrane preparation could be rapidly displaced by cyclic AMP. The IC50 (concentration of the nucleotide displacing 50% bound [3H]prostaglandin E1 from the membrane) was 75 nM. Other adenine nucleotides or cyclic GMP could not substitute for cyclic AMP. Unlike the right-side-out erythrocyte membrane, the inside-out membrane preparations do not bind [3H]prostaglandin E1. Treatment of right-side-out erythrocyte membrane preparation with neuraminidase markedly decreases the binding of prostaglandin E1. Incubation of the erythrocyte membrane preparation with trypsin resulted in total loss of the binding activity. These results indicate that the prostaglandin E1 binding sites located on the cell surface and sialic acid residues are required for prostaglandin E1 binding to the human erythrocytes. These results also indicated that the binding sites are glycoprotein in nature.
On Consequences of the different phase and signal velocities in self-induced transparency☆

Abstract Boundary reflection resulting from signal velocity reduction in self-induced transparency is estimated. The transparency behavior is shown to merge into the linear dispersion behavior away from resonance. Conclusions are drawn about using pulse delays as qualitative indicators of transparency.
Delayed entry into HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis: risk factors and research methods.

Abstract Timely linkage to HIV medical care has the potential to improve individual health outcomes and prevent secondary HIV transmission. Recent research found that estimates of delayed care entry varied by study design, with higher estimates among studies using only HIV case surveillance data. In this analysis, we compared the prevalence and risk factors for care delay using data from two studies with different designs conducted in New York City. The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) used a retrospective design to estimate historical delay among persons currently receiving care, while the Never in Care (NIC) study used a prospective design to estimate current delay status among persons who were care-naive at baseline. Of 513 MMP subjects in 2007–2008, 23% had delayed care entry greater than three months after diagnosis. Independent risk factors for care delay were earlier year of diagnosis and testing positive in a nonmedical environment. Of 28 NIC subjects in 2008–2010, over half had tested positive in...
The E-Commerce Sales and Use Tax Controversy: Is the End Near?

The 2008 recession and tepid recovery have exacerbated the financial troubles of state governments. In seeking additional revenues, states have not only been litigating but have also been enacting legislation requiring online vendors to collect and pay taxes on e-commerce sales. Amazon.com, the primary target of these state initiatives, has taken a surprising reversal. This article addresses the constitutional origins of the dispute, governmental responses, and the possible end to the ongoing taxation battle between states and remote vendors.
Optical Automatic Gain Controller for High-Bandwidth Free-Space Optical Communication Links

We developed an optical automatic gain controller for free-space optical communications with a noise figure of 4.1 dB to maximize link margin and a dynamic range of >60 dB to overcome link dynamics.
Intravertebral pressure changes caused by spinal microtrauma

Clinical studies indicate variations in intravertebral pressures in patients with and without low back pain. It is known that not all patients with back pain have abnormal lumbar radiographs and, furthermore, microfractures of the endplate may be one of the causes in the origin of low back pain. Consequently, this study was conducted to determine the interrelationship between microtrauma and intraosseous pressures in the lumbar spine. Miniature pressure transducers were inserted into the vertebral bodies and spinous processes of human cadaver spinal units. Radio-opaque medium was injected into the nucleus to fluoroscopically monitor the movement of the fluid from the disc as the preparation was loaded up to the initiation of microtrauma (before reaching the ultimate load-carrying capacity)
Investigation of states in 15O by the 14N(d,n)15O reaction

Bombardment of a 14N gas target with 2.80, 3.42, 3.82, 4.85 and 5.35 MeV deuterons has given absolute differential cross sections for the 14N(d, n)15O reaction. With a combination of pulsed-beam and gamma-associated time-of-flight methods angular distributions of neutrons to seven states in 15O have been measured from 0° to 160° (lab). The results have been analysed with a combination of DWBA and CN codes to derive lp values and spectroseopic factors. The lp values are consistent with the generally accepted correspondence between the 15O states and their mirror states in 15N. The most straightforward interpretation of the spectroscopic factors is that 15O shows a concentration of the p-shell hole strength in two spin-orbit split states, while the s- and d-wave strengths are spread over a large excitation energy region, with considerable strength above 8 MeV.
Shock waves and nucleosynthesis in type II supernovae

In the study of nucleosynthesis in type II SN, shock waves are initiated artificially, since collapse calculations do not, as yet, give self-consistent shock waves strong enough to produce the SN explosion. The two initiation methods currently used by light-curve modelers are studied, with a focus on the peak temperatures and the nucleosynthetic yields in each method. The various parameters involved in artificially initiating a shock wave and the effects of varying these parameters are discussed.
On the calculation of transfer rates between impurity states in solids

We comment on the calculation of energy transfer in solids, showing that the calculation can be done to infinite order in the phonon‐impurity interaction using the small‐polaron transformation. When the final result is expanded, the results of low order perturbation theory are recovered, and, in addition, new terms are found which are due to cross products.
Effects of process parameters on melt-spun AgCu

Abstract Process parameters in chill block melt spinning (CBMS) play an important role in product formation during rapid solidification. The effect of variations in wheel speed and melt superheat on ribbon dimensions and microstructures of Ag-19wt.%Cu melt spun under high vacuum conditions were examined. The ribbon thickness varied linearly with (solidification time)0.5, and the solidification rate increased with increasing wheel speed. The initial solidification microstructures had a fine equiaxed two-phase morphology on the wheel side which developed into a directional growth. Examination of serial sections parallel to the wheel side revealed a helical two-phase growth pattern in the mid-thickness of the ribbon which subsequently adopted a mixed cellular-dendritic solidification mode. The helical morphology appears to be related to the morphological instability associated with a banded microstructure. Near the free surface an equiaxed microstructure again developed as a result of dendritic fragmentation induced by melt shear flow. Wheel speed and melt superheat affected the extent of the different microstructures. Through control of processing parameters in CBMS, under high vacuum conditions, a degree of control on ribbon dimensions and structural development has been achieved.