cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolic fate of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids and their effects on palmitic acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in bovine hepatocytes.

Abstract The objectives were to determine the metabolic fate of different long-chain fatty acids, and their effects on palmitic acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in bovine hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated from four ruminating calves and exposed in suspension for 3h to one of the following treatments: 1m M palmitic acid (1C16), 2m M palmitic acid (2C16), or 1m M palmitic acid plus either 1m M oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3), eicosapentaenoic (C20:5), or docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6). Oxidation of [1- 14 C]palmitic acid or one of the [1- 14 C]-labeled treatment fatty acids to CO 2 or incorporation into cellular triglycerides (TG), phospholipids, cholesterol, and cholesterol esters were measured. Rates of oxidation to CO 2 were 3- to 4-fold higher for C22:6 than for other fatty acids, with the exception of C20:5, which had intermediate rates of oxidation to CO 2 . In general, treatments 2C16 and C18:1 yielded the highest rates of incorporation into most cellular lipids, whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acids were poor substrates for incorporation into cellular lipids. The most pronounced change was a large reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation into cellular TG compared to 1C16, 2C16, and C18:1. The unsaturated fatty acids also influenced palmitic acid metabolism. The addition of C20:5 yielded the highest rates of palmitic acid oxidation to CO 2 followed by addition of C18:1 and C22:6. Treatments containing polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased palmitic acid metabolism to TG and total cellular lipids compared with treatments 2C16 and C18:1. Rates of gluconeogenesis from propionate were significantly higher for the treatment containing C18:1. Long-chain fatty acids vary in their routes of metabolism and influence palmitic acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in bovine hepatocytes.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of cyclic AMP signals in an intact neural circuit

The functional properties of neuronal networks can be reconfigured by a variety of modulatory neurotransmitters, which may alter the excitable properties of neurons or the strengths of synaptic connections. Many of these neuromodulators act via the intracellular second messenger cyclic AMP, but their effects on the spatial distribution of cAMP concentration have never been examined in an intact neural circuit. We therefore used the cAMP-indicator dye FICRhR (refs 1, 2) to investigate the effect of several neuromodulators (octopamine, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin and proctolin) on cAMP distribution in identified neurons of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion (STG). When added to the bath solution, each of these neuromodulators produced a unique pattern of cAMP transients among the different neurons of the STG. Electrical stimulation of neurons innervating the STG causes synaptic release of endogenous modulators, leading within a few seconds to local increases of cAMP in fine neurite branches, the site where many modulators are thought to act. After prolonged stimulation, cAMP diffuses from the site of production to throughout the neuritic tree and eventually to the cell body. Diffusion of cAMP may explain how transient localized inputs to a neuron can produce long-range effects such as long-term changes in gene expression.
Amino acids in interstitial waters of marine sediments

DISEQUILIBRIA within the mixture of organic matter, mineral particles and seawater in near-surface sediments result in extensive reaction, often biologically mediated. Variations in interstitial water composition are very sensitive indicators of the chemical and biological reactions in this zone of transition and the interaction between the water column and the permanent deposit1,2. Although most studies have been confined to inorganic ions, the few measurements of pore water DOC in marine sediments3–6 show large gradients in dissolved organic matter concentration within sediments and across the sediment–water interface. We describe here our study of dissolved amino acids in interstitial waters, which were used to trace some of the biogeochemical processes affecting organic matter in marine sediments. We have analysed the dissolved free amino acids in 15 interstitial water samples from four cores obtained in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts; the Gulf of Maine; and the North-west Atlantic continental rise. These pore waters have very high amino acid concentrations, of the order of 1 mg l−1. In addition, the distribution of individual amino acids differs substantially from that reported for seawater7,8, particularly in the large relative abundance of glutamic acid and β-aminoglutaric acid. β-aminoglutaric acid (HOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOH) is an isomer of glutamic acid which, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported in the marine environment.
Centralization in the Marxist and in the Leninist tradition

Abstract The very different positions of Marxists and Leninists on the issue of centralization of political and economic institutions show that, though using the same terminology, they were committed to different ideologies. Leninists were modernizing revolutionaries in underdeveloped countries seeking their rapid industrialization. They relied on centralized revolutionary movements, which, in power, formed centralized bureaucracies that advanced industrialization through mass persuasion, regimentation and terror as well as central planning. Marxists, associated with multifarious labor movements in industrialized countries, hoped to advance and empower the working class. Marx and Engels were vague on the subject of centralization, but condemned bureaucracy and came to favor the decentralization identified with the Paris Commune. Karl Kautsky and Otto Bauer advocated the operation of industry by local governments, cooperatives and trade unions and only minimal state ownership and sharply attacked bureaucracy. Policies of centralization were appropriate to the character and goals of Leninist movements but inappropriate to those of Marxist ones.
Raman scattering studies in dilute and concentrated a-Si1-xHx alloys

Abstract Raman scattering and optical absorption measurements have been used to study the structural and electronic properties of a-Si l-x H x films made by homogeneous chemical vapor deposition. The Raman spectra show that the hydrogenated films are more ordered than pure a-Si films. For x ≲0.04 the optical gap E 0 correlates with Δ VH −1 , the structural order parameter. At higher hydrogen concentrations, however, Δ VH −1 is relatively constant and E 0 increases due to alloy rather than structural ordering effects.
Calculation of quark production

Abstract Cross sections for the production of quark-antiquark pairs in π-N and N-N collisions are calculated using an absorptive peripheral model. The results are found to be of the order of magnitude of a few microbarn and rather smoothly dependent on the mass of the quark.
Contrasts between Urban and Rural Climate in CCSM4 CMIP5 Climate Change Scenarios

AbstractA new parameterization of urban areas in the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) allows for simulation of temperature in cities where most of the global population lives. CCSM4 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations [Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5] are analyzed to examine how urban and rural areas might respond differently to changes in climate. The urban heat island (UHI), defined as the urban minus rural air temperature, is used as a metric. The average UHI at the end of the twenty-first century is similar to present day in RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, but decreases in RCP8.5. Both the daytime and nocturnal UHIs decrease in RCP8.5, but the decrease in the daytime UHI is larger and more uniform across regions and seasons than in the nocturnal UHI. This is caused by changes in evaporation that warm the rural surface more than the urban. There is significant spatial and seasonal variability in the response of the nocturnal UHI caused mainl...
Steelmaking and industrial ecology : is steel a green material ?

After a brief review of the evolution of the steel industry during the past 25 years, some basic definitions are presented, including that of industrial ecology, advanced materials, and ''green'' materials. Then, we discuss the environmental problems that are inherently associated with both conventional and novel steel processing technologies, touching on pollution control, waste minimization and recycling. The important conclusion is reached that when modern technologies are employed, steel is both an advanced material and a green material. Particularly noteworthy in the finding is that steel is one of the most recycled materials in current use. The paper concludes with the enumeration of the tasks ahead and with the definition of the steelplant of the future, which will have to be clean, environmentally benign, located close to the customer and will produce no waste. Indeed, it may derive significant revenue streams from the treatment of wastes produced by other idustrial activities. By its very nature, the future steelplant will have to use some mixture of scrap and virgin iron units. It will be frugal on energy, highly flexible in operation, and will expolit synergies with other industrial systems.
New Approach to Designing Broadband GaAs FET Amplifiers for Optimum Large-Signal Gain Performance

An accurate direct method is described for designing broadband GaAs FET amplifiers for optimum power gain performance. The theoretical background of the approach together with experimental verification is given. A power amplifier example is included for illustration.
Depth matched transfer function of the modified composite pattern structured light illumination method

The use of structured light illumination techniques for three-dimensional (3-D) data acquisition is, in many cases, limited to stationary objects due to the multiple pattern projections needed for depth analysis. High speed N-pattern projections require synchronization between the camera and the projector and have the added expense of these high speed devices. The composite pattern (CP) method allows multiple structured light patterns to be combined via spatial frequency modulation, thereby enabling measurement and rendering of a 3-D surface model of an object using only a single pattern. The capture speed of a single pattern does not require synchronization and is only limited by the camera speed which is N times less than the N-pattern tech- niques. When used on partially translucent materials such as human skin, the CP weighting is corrupted thereby degrading the 3-D reconstruction. The method described herein, termed modified CP, extends the CP design with the addition of a stripe encoding pattern to be insensitive to the internal scattering of human skin. This stripe pattern, used in conjunction with a new spatial processing method, allows for less contrast sensitivity, less sen- sitivity to human skin spatial frequency response and thus higher resolution performance. The resolution performance is experimentally measured based on a measure our group has developed, referred to as the depth matched transfer function. Measurements and practical applications are demonstrated. © 2014 Society of
Das Schamanentum als spiritistische religion

(1960). Das Schamanentum als spiritistische religion. Ethnos: Vol. 25, No. 3-4, pp. 192-213.
Enhancing E-Collaboration Effectiveness through the Use of Wikis: A Theoretical Examination in the Context of Requirements Elicitation

This article focuses on communication challenges in requirements elicitation (RE) for systems development, and how wikis can enhance the communication process and outcomes in the context of this collaborative task. We focus upon only one specific collaborative task in this article â€“ Requirements Elicitation â€“ and upon one particular e-collaboration aspect of that task â€“ communication among various stakeholders â€“ to narrow the domain of inquiry and bring sufficient depth to our theoretical analysis. The specific variables we focus upon in this article are communications quality and requirements quality. We discuss specific wiki features and provide a brief comparison of wikis with other communication technologies. We then provide a detailed theoretical analysis of how specific wiki features enhance media richness, contextual richness, and organizational memory, and through them, communication quality as well as requirements quality in terms of clarity, completeness, and consistency of requirements specifications. We also discuss some implications and future research directions.
Synthesis of the putative marine sterols [24R]- and [24S]-23,24-dimethyl-5α-cholest-23(29)-en-3β-ol.

Abstract The synthesis and stereochemistry of [24R]- and [24S]-23,24-dimethyl-5α-cholest-23(29)-en-3β-ol is reported; both isomers are different from a natural marine sterol to which the structure had been assigned.
Excommunication and Territorial Politics in High Medieval Trier

In medieval German history excommunication, when considered at all, is usually examined from the perspective of the conflicts between empire and papacy, such as that between Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV. Like the pope, the bishops of the German Empire were armed with the power to excommunicate. Excommunication therefore figured in local, regional politics, especially in the creation of territorial principalities within the German Empire. Territorial principalities formed during the High Middle Ages when the kingship weakened, and various powerful lords, secular and spiritual, began to build states which eventually gained near-autonomous status within the empire. When a secular dynastic lord struggled to expand his dominion over land and people, he often encroached upon church lands. To defend their churches bishops could and often did excommunicate their perceived oppressors. These regional conflicts were complicated by the dual role of prince-bishops: spiritual princes of the church and secular princes of empire. In competition with the lay nobility, prince-bishops were expanding their own secular dominions.
Geometries and Energy Separations of 24 Electronic States of Sn5

Electronic states of Sn5 with different geometrical structures, such as the trigonal bipyramid (D3h), edge-capped tetrahedron (C2v), tetragonal pyramid (C4v), planar pentagon (D5h), planar square (D4h), linear (D∞h), and tetrahedron (Td), are studied. We employ the complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method (CASSCF) followed by large scale multireference singles + doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) computations that included up to 3.62 million configurations to investigate the geometries and energy separations of 24 low-lying electronic states of Sn5. The 1A1‘ electronic state with trigonal bipyramidal (D3h) geometry is found as the ground state of Sn5, with several low-lying excited triplet states. The atomization energy of Sn5 was computed and compared with smaller clusters.
Factors Influencing [3H]Ryanodine Binding to the Skeletal Muscle Ca2+Release Channel

Optimal [3H]ryanodine binding to skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes is dependent on a number of factors such as Ca2+ concentration, ionic strength, and the presence of modulators of the Ca2+ release channel. The rate of association of [3H]-ryanodine with its binding site is slower than a diffusion limited process, and often the binding reaches a peak value which is followed by a slow decline. This phenomenon makes it extremely difficult to determine kinetic constants for [3H]ryanodine binding. The inclusion of bovine serum albumin (BSA) or the detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (Chaps) in the incubation buffer prevents the decrease in [3H]ryanodine binding observed in association studies. BSA or Chaps slows this decline in binding partially by preventing a conversion to a more rapidly dissociating component. Pretreatment of the membranes with Chaps does not prevent the decrease in [3H]ryanodine binding, suggesting that Chaps is not exerting its effect by extracting a lipid or peripheral membrane protein. The decrease in affinity observed in the absence of BSA and Chaps appears to require the occupation of the high-affinity ryanodine binding site. Incubation for extended times in the absence of [3H]ryanodine prior to the initiation of the association produced similar curves to those obtained without preincubation. These combined results suggest that Chaps and BSA stabilize the ryanodine-modified Ca2+ release channel by preventing an alteration in the ryanodine binding site which leads to decreased affinity, thus allowing for a more quantitative interpretation of binding data.
The Role of the Anesthesiologist/Anesthesiology Department in the Education and Privileging of Non-Anesthesiologists to Prescribe and Administer Deep Sedation

A nesthesiologists have long been involved in the process of making sedation safer for all patients. The specialty has played a critical role in the development of guidelines for sedation practice from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and the American Academy of Pediatrics [1,2]. The stalwart defense of appropriate patient assessment, good monitoring, and the establishment of appropriate backup systems have doubtless saved lives and improved the practice for all specialties that have been involved sedation over the past 20 years. Anesthesiologists have also played leading roles in individual hospitals worldwide, where they have been asked to help develop appropriate training for sedation providers and participate in the ongoing quality assurance in the various sedation venues each institution uses. The specialty now faces a new challenge: defining its role in training and educating the next generation of sedation providers who are much more aggressive in their application of potent sedatives. At no time has the issue of sedation training and education been more topical or difficult to define. A veritable explosion had occurred in the procedures and tests accomplished outside the operating room that require deep sedation for the comfort and safety of the patient and the operating needs of the proceduralist. Furthermore, the public demands the best possible pain/anxiety control for uncomfortable or distressing experiences in the hospital. Compared with previous generations, this patient base is much less likely to accept pain and distress associated with medical care as ‘‘unavoidable’’ for themselves (or their children).
Autoradiographic investigation of cell proliferation in the brains of rats and cats

Cell proliferation in the brains of rats and cats was investigated autoradiographically. Two young adult rats were injected intraperitoneally with 2 mc of thymidine-H3 and killed after a two weeks' exchange period. Two adult cats were injected intraventricularly with 0.5 mc of thymidine-H3 and killed one week later. Labeling of cell nuclei in the brain, presumed to reflect DNA turnover and cellular proliferation, was investigated. In the rats, some neuroglia cells were found labeled in all parts of the brain, suggesting a low rate of glial proliferation. In addition, circumscribed small regions with numerous labeled neuroglia and microglia cells were seen in several brain regions, suggesting the occurrence of local glial proliferative reactions in these presumably normal brains. A few apparently labeled neurons were seen in the neocortex, and a proliferative region of granule cells was identified in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In the cats labeling of glia cells was highest in the midline region, near the point of injection of the radiochemical, with a gradient of decreasing number of labeled cells both laterally and in the anteroposterior direction of the neuraxis. Neurons with apparently labeled nuclei were observed in the midline cortex bilaterally in both animals. These results indicate that glia cells can multiply in the brains of young adult rats and adult cats and they support the possibility that new neurons may be formed in forebrain structures, both in rodents and carnivores.
Supply Chain Management, Partnership, and the Shipper ‐ Third Party Relationship

The paper begins with an overview of some of the forces that have shaped supply chain management and partnership relationships. Next the potential benefits and risks of involvement in supply chain management/partnership relationships are discussed from the perspective of both the shipper and the service provider (warehousers and transportation firms). Results from a major survey of shippers, warehousers and transportation providers are used to illustrate the risks and benefits. Means of minimizing the potential risks are also suggested. The paper concludes with a discussion of issues in supply chain management that would benefit from further analysis and research. These issues include determination of whether a firm should use a supply chain management approach, the management structure to use in supply chain management, and modelling supply chain management systems.
Abstract 3298: Identifying a function for DHHC20 in breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of all cancers and is associated with a high propensity of metastasis, an increased risk of recurrence and a disproportionate number of deaths. Currently, therapeutic options are lacking in their ability to effectively treat TNBC; therefore, identification of novel, targetable signaling pathways is of great importance. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that expression of the palmitoyl transferase DHHC20 is altered in breast cancer. DHHC20 is one of 23 protein palmitoyl transferases identified in mammalian cells, which catalyze the transfer of palmitate to cysteine residues of target proteins. Protein palmitoylation is critical in the trafficking, localization and function of various proteins and alterations in the expression and function of several DHHC palmitoyl transferases have been observed in cancer. Surprisingly, substrate specificity remains largely unknown and with the exception of a few palmitoylated proteins including Ras and the sex steroid receptors, the function of DHHC proteins in cancer has been largely unexplored. We utilized a TNBC cell culture model system to characterize the function of DHHC20 in breast cancer. Suppression of DHHC20 using short-hairpin RNA silencing resulted in several phenotypes consistent with a role for DHHC20 in tumor dormancy and progression. Specifically, knockdown of DHHC20 in MDA-MB231 cells increased the expression of CDK inhibitors p21 and p27, slowed cell division rates from every 24 hours to every 72 hours and increased the proportion of cells undergoing cellular senescence. Additionally, suppression of DHHC20 increased chemotaxis and enhanced mitogenic signaling through the Erk pathway under nutrient deprivation conditions. Finally, DHHC20 expression was dramatically reduced following 24hr of serum deprivation and loss of DHHC20 expression enhanced the survival of MDA-MB231 cells under low nutrient conditions. These findings suggest that DHHC20-mediated protein palmitoylation regulates important aspects of breast cancer progression including cell cycle control, mitogenic signaling responses and cell migration. The implication of these findings is that targeting the DHHC20 pathway may be of therapeutic interest for TNBC. Citation Format: Kristin B. Runkle, Samantha Terkowski, Ewa Stypulkowski, Eric Witze. Identifying a function for DHHC20 in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3298. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3298
Differentiating Clinical Features of Right and Left Temporal Lobe Seizures

We reviewed 127 seizures in 19 consecutive patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) documented by EEG/closed-circuit TV (EEG-CCTV) monitoring. Ten patients had seizure onset in the right temporal lobe (RTL, 54 seizures), and 9 had seizure onset in the left temporal lobe (LTL, 73 seizures). We compared the clinical characteristics in the two groups and analyzed the seizures for frequency of auras, seizures secondarily generalized, automatisms, tonic head deviation, focal posturing and jerking, ictal speech, and postical manifestations. Automatisms overall were more common in the RTL group, but individual categories (extremity, head and trunk, oroalimentary) were comparable among the two groups. Contralateral focal jerking and tonic head deviation were more common in LTL lobe seizures, as were secondarily generalized seizures. In addition to focal motor symptoms, three features were most statistically significant in distinguishing the two groups: Postictal aphasia occurred exclusively in the LTL group, whereas well-formed ictal speech and rapid return to baseline postictally were noted only in RTL seizures.
Coding of repetitive transients by auditory cortex on Heschl's gyrus.

The capacity of auditory cortex on Heschl's gyrus (HG) to encode repetitive transients was studied in human patients undergoing surgical evaluation for medically intractable epilepsy. Multicontact ...
Assessing the Acquisition of First-Aid Treatments by Elementary-Aged Children

Six elementary-aged children received first-aid training to treat three types of injuries: abrasions, second degree burns, and severs cuts. In this program, children listened to task-analyzed stories read by the teacher. Afterwards, they practiced taking car of “injured” puppets representing characters in the story. During this hands-on demonstration, the teacher provided positive or corrective feedback to each child on his or her performance of each step of the task analysis for treating the injuries. Additionally, latency and duration timings across children and injuries were obtained. Rapid increases in the children's performances for treating the three injuries were reported. Pre- and posttest generalization assessments were conducted by having each child take care of the following injuries: abrasion on another person and self; second degree burn on another person and self; and severe cut on another person and self. These assessments were completed to determine if the children's skills had generalized...
Gender differences in the effects of exposure to intimate partner violence on adolescent violence and drug use

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the long-term effects of exposure to intimate partner violence in the home on adolescent violence and drug use and gender differences in these relationships. Although the general relationship between exposure to IPV and negative outcomes for youth has been demonstrated in past research, gender differences in the effects of IPV on adolescents have been rarely assessed using longitudinal data. METHODS: Longitudinal data was obtained from 1,315 adolescents and their primary caregivers participating in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). The sample was 51% female and ethnically diverse (45% Hispanic, 37% African-American, and 14% Caucasian). Two waves of data were assessed to examine the effects of exposure to IPV, reported by caregivers when their children were aged 12 and 15, on violence and drug use, reported by adolescents 3 years later. Multivariate statistical models were employed to control for a range of child, parent, family, and neighborhood risk factors. RESULTS: Exposure to IPV did not significantly predict subsequent violence among males or females in multivariate analyses. IPV exposure was significantly related to the frequency of drug use for females but did not predict drug use among males. This gender difference was not statistically significant, however, which suggests more similarities than differences in the relationship between exposure to IPV and subsequent violence and drug use. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports prior research indicating that exposure to IPV can negatively impact adolescent development, but it suggests that these effects may be more likely to influence some outcomes (e.g., drug use) than others (e.g., interpersonal violence). The findings also emphasize the need for additional research examining the overall impact of IPV on adolescent problem behaviors and gender differences in these relationships, including longitudinal studies and investigations that control for a range of other important predictors. A better understanding of these relationships can help inform intervention efforts aimed at ensuring that adolescents living in violent households receive timely and appropriate services to help prevent the occurrence of future problem behaviors. Language: en
Risk sensitive foraging behavior among the Barí

Risksensitive behavior can be defined as the active choosing among probability distributions in an attempt to maximize expected utility of returns. An analysis of human foraging behavior is examined in terms of risk sensitivity. Foraging data collected from Bari hunting and fishing trips were tested according to the prediction that future foraging behavior will be dependent on or at least be sensitive to the success of the previous day's trip. An analysis of protein foraging data yields statistically insignificant results, suggesting risk indifference on the part of the Bari.
Selective uptake of the somatostatin analog RC-160 across the blood-brain tumor barrier of mice with KHT sarcomas.

The development of somatostatin analogs with anti-tumor effects has raised hopes for their use in various cancers and tumors of the central nervous system. However, for many therapeutic agents, access to normal brain is retarded by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to tumor tissues by a blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). We examined the ability of RC-160, a somatostatin analog with known anti-tumor activity, to cross the normal BBB and the BBTB in mice with brain sarcomas. In comparison with the normal BBB, the BBTB was about 10 times more permeable to the vascular marker albumin (radioactively labeled with 99mTc), but the BBTB still represents a substantial barrier. By contrast, the entry rate of RC-160, radioactively labeled with 125I, into brain sarcomas was 60 times higher than into normal brain tissue; more than 1% of the RC-160 injected i.v. was taken up by each gram of brain tumor. These results show that a brain tumor can selectively accumulate the potentially therapeutic agent RC-160.
A new teaching method in human machine interface design course

Aiming at the problem of traditional teaching method in human machine interface design course, this paper proposed a new teaching method, which according to the students characteristics of seniors, uses interaction teaching and team development to arouse the interest of students, pays great attention to practice ability as well as theory learning, promotes the students to put into practice, therefore solves the problem in traditional education method.
Alkyne and Alkene Complexes of a d0 Zirconocene Aryl Cation

The generation and properties of nonchelated Zr−aryl−alkyne and Zr−aryl−alkene complexes that are stabilized by the presence of β-Si-substituents in the alkyne and alkene ligands and fluorination of the aryl ligand are described. Reaction of [Cp‘2Zr(OtBu)(ClCD2Cl)][B(C6F5)4] (1, Cp‘ = C5H4Me) with alkyne and alkene substrates (L) generates Cp‘2Zr(OtBu)(L)+ adducts (L = HC⋮CCH2SiMe3 (2); H2CCHCH2SiMe3 (3); HC⋮CMe (4); H2CCHCH2CMe3 (5)). Equilibrium constants for substrate binding (Keq = [Zr-L][1]-1[L]-1; CD2Cl2, −89 °C) are much larger for the β-Si-substituted compounds 2 (1.0(2) × 105 M-1) and 3 (1.7(4) × 103 M-1) than for hydrocarbon analogues 4 (3.6(7) × 102 M-1) and 5 (1.9(1) M-1), which is ascribed to β-Si stabilization of the partial positive charge on Cint of the bound substrate. [Cp2Zr(C6F5)][B(C6F5)4] (7, Cp = C5H5) was generated by the reaction of Cp2Zr(C6F5)Me with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] in C6D5Cl. Reaction of 7 with alkyne and alkene substrates (L) generates Cp2Zr(C6F5)(L)+ adducts (L = HC⋮CCH2SiMe3 ...
Herbicide Effects on Maturity of Spring Barley in Alaska

(...)The herbicides did not influence the amount of time required to reach physiological maturity.(...) Five of the herbicides (...) had no effect on barley maturity in any of the five years. Dinoseb has been withdrawn from the market. Metribuzin should be applied only at recommended rates with minimal spray overlaps to avoid delays in maturity
Synthesis of a Novel Suppressor of β-Cell Apoptosis via Diversity-Oriented Synthesis

The synthesis of a stereochemically diverse library of medium-sized rings accessible via a “build/couple/pair” strategy is described. Key aspects of the synthesis include SNAr cycloetherification of a linear amine template to afford eight stereoisomeric eight-membered lactams and subsequent solid-phase diversification of these scaffolds to yield a 6488-membered library. Screening of this compound collection in a cell-based assay for the suppression of cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis resulted in the identification of a small-molecule suppressor capable of restoring glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a rat β-cell line. The presence of all stereoisomers in the screening collection enabled preliminary determination of the structural and stereochemical requirements for cellular activity, while efficient follow-up chemistry afforded BRD0476 (probe ML187), which had an approximately 3-fold increase in activity. These results demonstrate the utility of diversity-oriented synthesis to probe discovery using ...
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using a silver-coated capillary substrate

A silver-coated capillary substrate has been prepared by means of chemical reduction of silver ions. Its performance as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate has been compared with those of chemically prepared silver/glass and of silver islands using p- chlorobenzoic acid (PCBA) as an analyte. The adsorption behavior of PCBA on or near the surface of silver films has partially been characterized. The dependence of SERS intensity on the pH and the concentration of the analyte solution may be interpreted on the basis of chemical enhancement mechanism.
Regard, Respect, and Responsibility: Sketches for a Moral Geography of the Everyday

Abstract The patterns of our everyday interactions reflect basic currents in Western culture and describe our values about each other, our world, and our future. The frame within which our interactions take place and the expressions of this frame on the landscape portray the nature of our regard, respect, and responsibility for each other, our environment, and those who will succeed us. Time and space are increasingly disregarded as they are segmented and the here and now is privileged over other places and other times. In the process, we are disconnected from and devalue the world. Rationalization as method and efficiency as goal have been transferred from analysis of the physical world to prescription for the social world. This has led to strength of belief as the basis for validating one's actions and has, in turn, increased everyday disrespect for those with other beliefs or who are associated with groups whose members might hold other beliefs. Secularization has led to a loss of wonder at the immater...
Why Leibniz thinks Descartes was wrong and the Scholastics were right

Leibniz believes that if there are corporeal substances, they have substantial forms, believes there are substantial forms, and believes there is a close connection between the first two claims. Why does he believe there is this close connection? This paper answers that question and draws out its bearing on the realism/idealism debate.
A Theoretical Model of Psychosomatic Illness in Blacks and an Innovative Treatment Strategy

In regard to Black people in America, the internal colonialism model makes the researcher cognizant of the phenomenon "controlled oppressed environment." In this context, Blackness, which has an ob...
Childhood adversity and adult depression among the incarcerated: Differential exposure and vulnerability by race/ethnicity and gender

The relationship between childhood adversity and adult depression is well-established but less is known about the association between childhood adversity and adult depression among the incarcerated. In this paper, we examine differential exposure and vulnerability to childhood adversity by race/ethnicity and gender on adult depression among the incarcerated in the United States. We address three research questions: does exposure to childhood adverse experiences vary by race/ethnicity and gender? Is there an association between these childhood adverse events and depression and does the strength of the association vary by the specific adverse experiences? And does vulnerability to childhood adversity vary by gender and race/ethnicity? Using the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities (SI-SFCF), we measure four key childhood adverse events - parental/caretaker substance abuse, physical assault, having been placed in foster care, and sexual assault. We use ordinary least squares regression and a series of interaction effect analyses to examine differential exposure and vulnerability to the four childhood adverse experiences by race/ethnicity and gender. Incarcerated women are more likely to report parental substance abuse, but all inmates/prisoners are similarly vulnerable to this experience. For the other three adverse experiences measured, we find that there are important racial/ethnic and gender differences in both exposure and vulnerability. African American men and women are more vulnerable to the effects of physical and sexual victimization than White and Hispanic men and women. Women are much more likely to be exposed to sexual victimization, but men who report this experience are significantly more depressed. Hispanic women and White men and women are more likely to report foster care, but all inmates/prisoners who report foster care experiences are significantly more depressed than other inmates/prisoners, with the exception of white men. The findings indicate that there are significant differences in exposure and vulnerability to childhood adversity by race/ethnicity and gender. We conclude that in order to effectively design and implement programs to decrease the probability that childhood adversity is a risk factor for adult depression interventions must be targeted toward specific, vulnerable groups according to race/ethnicity and gender.
Acidic Dithiothreitol Reduction on Disulfide Bonds using Cation‐Exchange Chromatography

Abstract Dithiothreitol has been utilized to reduce the disulfide bonds between homocysteine and other thiols in total plasma homocysteine determination. The completeness of the reduction of disulfides into thiols is a prerequisite for accurate quantitation of total plasma homocysteine. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of dithiothreitol reduction on disulfide bonds, the acidic mixture of cystine and homocystine is reduced under controlled parameters including dithiothreitol concentration, reduction temperature, and reaction time. The reaction mixture is analyzed by cation‐exchange chromatography. It is concluded that 1.0 M dithiothreitol concentration, 70°C reduction temperature, and 1 hour reaction time are required to convert more than 96% of the disulfides of cystine and homocystine to their thiols in acidic medium. This study also proves that dithiothreitol is able to keep cysteine and homocysteine from being reoxidized back to their disulfides.
Emotion recognition bias for contempt and anger in body dysmorphic disorder

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) patients are preoccupied with imagined defects or flaws in appearance (e.g., size or shape of nose). They are afraid of negative evaluations by others and often suffer significant morbidity including hospitalization and suicide attempts. Many patients experience ideas of reference, e.g., they often believe others take special notice of their "flaw". Facial expressions play an important role in conveying negative or positive feelings, and sympathy or rejection. In this study, we investigated emotion recognition deficits in 18 BDD patients and 18 healthy controls. Participants were presented with two questionnaires accompanying facial photographs. One questionnaire included self-referent scenarios ("Imagine that the bank teller is looking at you. What is his facial expression like?"), whereas the other one included other-referent scenarios ("Imagine that the bank teller is looking at a friend of yours," etc.), and participants were asked to identify the corresponding emotion (e.g., anger, contempt, neutral, or surprise). Overall, BDD patients, relative to controls, had difficulty identifying emotional expressions in self-referent scenarios. They misinterpreted more expressions as contemptuous and angry in self-referent scenarios than did controls. However, they did not have significantly more difficulties identifying emotional expressions in other-referent scenarios than controls. Thus, poor insight and ideas of reference, common in BDD, might be related to a bias for misinterpreting other people's emotional expressions as negative. Perceiving others as rejecting might reinforce concerns about one's personal perceived ugliness and social desirability.
Small signal modeling of diode in a parallel module subjected to partial shading

Parallel connection of solar cells results in a very small difference in the internal p-n junction voltages when operated under partial shaded conditions. A small signal model is proposed in this paper to analyze the changes in the module parameters of parallel cells operating under this conditions. From the analysis it is observed that the maximum power for a parallel configured solar module is obtained at a fixed output resistance under varied shaded conditions. Circuit simulations validated the model implemented in Matlab.
A reduced three-dimensional dynamic structural model for structural health assessment

Dynamic models of elastic structures are derived using approximations of linear three-dimensional elasticity. A model for the three-dimensional motion of a nonsymmetric structure that is of use for applications to health monitoring for buildings is obtained. The symmetric version of the model is validated using laboratory acceleration data. Narrow plate equations whose derivation is based on similar consideration but with plate thinness assumptions are used in a probabilistic inversion for elastic and mass properties from acceleration data. Finally, predictions of structural behavior based on the information from the inversion problem are made.
FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ACOUSTIC SCATTERING PROBLEMS USING ARBITRARILY SHAPED CONVEX ARTIFICIAL BOUNDARIES

For elongated scatterers such as submarines, we show that the generalization of the Bayliss–Turkel nonreflecting boundary conditions to arbitrarily shaped convex artificial boundaries improves significantly the computational efficiency of finite element methods for the solution of acoustic scattering problems.
Chemical synthesis and functionalization of clickable glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchorage is a common posttranslational modification of eukaryotic proteins. Chemical synthesis of structurally defined GPIs and GPI derivatives is a necessary step toward understanding the properties and functions of these molecules in biological systems. In this work, the synthesis of several functionalized GPI anchors was accomplished using the para-methoxybenzyl (PMB) group for permanent hydroxyl protection, which allowed the incorporation of functionalities that are incompatible with permanent protecting groups traditionally used in carbohydrate synthesis. A flexible convergent–divergent assembly strategy enabled efficient access to a diverse set of target structures, including “clickable” alkyne- and azide-modified GPIs. For global deprotection, a one-pot reaction was employed to afford the target GPIs in excellent yields (85–97%). Fully deprotected clickable GPI derivatives were readily conjugated to imaging and affinity probes via Cu(I)-catalyzed and Cu-free strain-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition to result in GPI-Flour and GPI-Biotin conjugates, respectively.
Measurement Model Nonlinearity in Estimation of Dynamical Systems

The role of nonlinearity of the measurement model and its interactions with the uncertainty of measurements and geometry of the problem is studied in this paper. An examination of the transformations of the probability density function in various coordinate systems is presented for several astrodynamics applications. Smooth and analytic nonlinear functions are considered for the studies on the exact transformation of uncertainty. Special emphasis is given to understanding the role of change of variables in the calculus of random variables. The transformation of probability density functions through mappings is shown to provide insight in to understanding the evolution of uncertainty in nonlinear systems. Examples are presented to highlight salient aspects of the discussion. A sequential orbit determination problem is analyzed, where the transformation formula provides useful insights for making the choice of coordinates for estimation of dynamic systems.
Complementary block-based motion estimation for frame rate up-conversion

In this paper, we present complementary motion estimation algorithm for motion compensated frame rate up-conversion. The proposed algorithm combines forward and backward motion estimation results to make up for the weakness of each motion estimation method. It also allocates true motion vectors in occlusion regions by using the temporal relations of the forward and backward motion estimation. Thus, we reduce artifacts by false motion vectors near occlusion regions in a compensated frame.
Triebkräfte der sozialen und sozialpolitischen Entwicklung

Im Rahmen eines Lehrbuches der Sozialpolitik mus eine Darstellung der zahlreichen Triebkrafte sozialer und sozialpolitischer Entwicklung unvollstandig bleiben. Eine exakte und abgesicherte Beurteilung des Gewichtes einzelner Triebkrafte ist unmoglich. Die Darstellung kann und soll aber einen Uberblick geben, welche Krafte die deutsche Sozialpolitik anregten, beeinflusten, entwickelten und welche Konzepte, Ideen und Zielsetzungen eine Rolle spielten.
Ask! Your Library at the HUB: Penn State Libraries’ Experiences Providing Reference Services at the Campus Student Union Building

The Web 2.0 generation presents many service challenges to libraries. College students of today have work styles that emphasize collaboration, preference for flexible and comfortable spaces, and independent discovery of information. Given that challenge, it is important for libraries to experiment with new and unique models of service. Librarians and Staff at the Penn State University Libraries explored offering library service at the main campus’s student union building during two trials, during the Spring and Fall semesters of 2006.
Aleutian Disease in Two Domestic Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

This report describes the use of polymerase chain reaction and DNA in situ hybridization to diagnose Aleutian mink disease parvovirus DNA in various tissue specimens from 2 companion striped skunks. Clinical, laboratory, and microscopic findings also support a clinical diagnosis of Aleutian disease in these mink.