cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CFD investigation of bubble effects on Taylor–Couette flow patterns in the weakly turbulent vortex regime

Abstract The effect of gas bubbles on Taylor–Couette flow patterns in the transition from laminar to weakly turbulent vortex flow is investigated by quasi-2D and 3D CFD simulation. The CFD model is based on the Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid approach with constitutive closures for inter-phase forces and liquid turbulence and validated by comparison with previously published experimental data. The bubble spatial distribution patterns and the mechanism by which the dispersed fluid obtains a non-uniform radial distribution is discussed and the relative importance of various inter-phase forces is demonstrated. In addition, the experimental observation of vortex axial wavelength expansion due to the presence of bubbles was reproduced by the CFD simulations, and a two fluid Taylor–Couette flow regime map based on three observed regimes was constructed. Lastly, the influence of the azimuthal Reynolds number and gas superficial velocity on vortex wavelength, liquid velocity, mass transfer and turbulence are discussed in detail.
Investigating the role of business processes and knowledge management systems on performance: A multi-case study approach

In the ever-changing and competitive market place, organisations continuously need to improve their competitive advantage. One method to accomplish this is to form collaborative networks. Both knowledge management (KM) and KM systems play a pivotal role in the success of collaborative networks since information sharing and knowledge assets are so critical to the network. There has been a vast amount of research on KM systems but very little is known about how it affects individual and organisational performance. Drawing on the task–technology fit theory, in this study, we explore the fit or alignment between business process (task) and KM systems (technology) and its impact on KM systems utilisation based on multiple case studies. Subsequently, we investigate the impacts of both the task–technology fit and KM systems utilisation on individual and business performance. This paper contributes to the collaborative network/KM literature in several ways. First, it extends the task–technology fit theory to an i...
Shear heating of a fluid‐saturated slip‐weakening dilatant fault zone 1. Limiting regimes

[1] The one-dimensional model of Rudnicki and Chen [1988] for a slip-weakening dilating fault is extended to include shear heating. Because inertia is not included, instability (a seismic event) corresponds to an unbounded slip rate. Shear heating tends to increase pore pressure and decrease the effective compressive stress and the resistance to slip and consequently tends to promote instability. However, the decrease of effective compressive stress also reduces the magnitude of shear heating. Consequently, in the absence of frictional weakening and dilation, there exists a steady solution for slip at the tectonic rate in which the pressure does not change and the shear heating is exactly balanced by heat flux from the fault zone. In the absence of shear heating, dilatancy tends to decrease pore pressure and inhibit instability; more rapid slip weakening promotes instability. Analysis of undrained, adiabatic slip (characteristic of rapid slip or hydraulically and thermally isolated faults) reveals that the interaction of these effects can cause increased slip weakening to be stabilizing and increased dilatancy to be destabilizing. These counterintuitive effects are due to the dependence of the shear heating on the total shear stress (not just its change). They occur for small thermal expansivity and for material parameters within a plausible range for 0–10 km depth.
Interaction between the NH2-terminal domain of eIF4A and the central domain of eIF4G modulates RNA-stimulated ATPase activity.

The eukaryotic translation factor 4A (eIF4A) is a member of DEA(D/H)-box RNA helicase family, a diverse group of proteins that couples ATP hydrolysis to RNA binding and duplex separation. eIF4A participates in the initiation of translation by unwinding secondary structure in the 5′-untranslated region of mRNAs and facilitating scanning by the 40 S ribosomal subunit for the initiation codon. eIF4A alone has only weak ATPase and helicase activities, but these are stimulated by eIF4G, eIF4B, and eIF4H. eIF4G has two eIF4A-binding sites, one in the central domain (cpC3) and one in the COOH-terminal domain (cpC2). In the current work, we demonstrate that these two eIF4G domains have different effects on the RNA-stimulated ATPase activity of eIF4A. cpC3 stimulates ATP-hydrolytic efficiency by about 40-fold through two mechanisms: lowering KmRNA by 10-fold and raising kcat by 4-fold. cpC3 also stimulates RNA cross-linking to eIF4A in an ATP-independent manner. Studies with eIF4G and eIF4A variants suggest a model by which cpC3 alters the conformation of the catalytic site to favor RNA binding. cpC2 does not stimulate ATPase activity and furthermore increases both KmATP (at saturating RNA concentrations) and KmRNA (at subsaturating ATP concentrations). Both cpC3 and cpC2 directly interact with the NH2-terminal domain of eIF4A, which possesses conserved ATP- and oligonucleotide-binding motifs, but not with the COOH-terminal domain.
NUCLEAR RESONANCE SCATTERING OF BREMSSTRAHLUNG

Abstract Forty excited states of light nuclei were investigated. Fifteen new cases and seven known cases of resonance fluorescence were observed. Mean lifetimes or lower limits are calculated for all cases.
Minimizing the Cost of Servicing an End Product Subject to a Completion Time Constraint

This paper describes a problem in which end products, such as aircraft, are periodically serviced, owing to the failure or preventive maintenance of reparable items. Given the required sequence of item reinstallations, the item resupply times, and item repair probabilities, a relation between the item resupply times and the expected end-product service time is derived. We present an exact algorithm designed to minimize the total cost of repair subject to a constraint on the expected service time. A heuristic algorithm yielding the entire "minimum cost per expected service time" curve is also described.
The structure of loneliness: A factor-analytic investigation

To examine the question “What is loneliness?” and to examine the role of quantitative aspects of social relationships in loneliness, UCLA Loneliness Scale scores were factor-analyzed along with a broad range of social network variables assessing the satisfaction, frequency of contact, and number of relationships in four categories of social relationships: casual, close, romantic, and family. Subjects' comparisons of their current relationships to past relationships and to peers' relationships were also entered. The analysis indicated that the UCLA Loneliness Scale loaded only on the first factor, along with reported satisfaction with casual and close relationships and judgments that current relationships were better than in the past and were better than those of one's peers. Quantitative variables loaded on factors accounting for relatively little variance and were orthogonal to the factor most highly associated with loneliness. The results emphasize the relative importance of subjective judgments about adequacy of social relationships in accounting for loneliness.
Synthesis, aggregation behavior and nonlinear absorption properties of lead phthalocyanines substituted with siloxane chains

The synthesis and characterization of polysiloxane substituted metal-free and lead phthalocyanines are described. These materials form a class of isotropic liquid phthalocyanines that combine a large nonlinear absorption with an exceptionally large nonlinear thermal refractive effect. These materials effectively couple the nonlinear absorption characteristics of the phthalocyanine (Pc) moiety with the thermorefractive properties typical of siloxanes. The room temperature index of these phthalocyanines can be varied by the choice of the siloxane substituent. Furthermore, the siloxane substituents are effective at inhibiting aggregation of the phthalocyanine rings. The observed aggregation constants in toluene solutions are very small and only a small degree of aggregation is observed even in the pure liquid phthalocyanines. Nonlinear transmission, z-scan, transient absorption and degenerate four-wave mixing studies confirm that the Pb substituted materials possess a broad spectral region of induced absorption with nonlinear absorption coefficients similar to that observed from other lead substituted phthalocyanines. The observed ground state molar absorption coefficients of the siloxy phthalocyanines are somewhat smaller than comparable alkyl substituted phthalocyanines. Taken together, these properties make these materials very useful for practical nonlinear optical applications. The coupling of siloxane chains to the Pc rings represents a promising way to achieve some important properties that are difficult to achieve by other means.
A Global Look at Psychological Barriers to Women's Progress in Management

In the early 1970s Schein identified managerial sex typing as a major psychological barrier to the advancement of women in the United States. The globalization of management brings to the forefront the need to examine the relationship between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics in the international arena. A review of the replications of the Schein research in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, and Japan provides the basis for a global look at the “think manager–think male” phenomenon. Implications of the outcomes, especially among males, for women's progress in management worldwide are discussed.
CONTRIBUTION OF MUSCLE SPINDLE CIRCUITS TO LEARNING AS SUGGESTED BY TRAINING UNDER FLAXEDIL.

Abstract Fifteen naive cats, while completely paralyzed with Flaxedil, were subjected to a classical conditioning procedure in which tone (CS) was paired with shock to the hindpaw (US). Before each paralytic training session, five test trials with the CS alone were given and the cat was observed for conditioned responses. Six other cats were similarly trained and tested, except that they were paralyzed after completion of each training session. 1. 1. None of the fifteen cats trained while paralyzed showed conditioned motor responses to CS test trials after 500 to 1000 CS-US trials extended over 10 to 20 sessions. In contrast, the six cats trained normally with subsequent paralysis showed conditioned motor responses to the CS test trials after an average of 150 CS-US trials. 2. 2. The development of conditioned changes in cortical activity and pupillary diameter during training under paralysis indicated that the CNS was receptive to the conditioning procedure. 3. 3. Cats with prior training under Flaxedil developed conditioned motor responses during the first ten trials of the initial unparalyzed training session. In contrast, naive cats generally showed no conditioned motor responses until the third training session. 4. 4. The failure of conditioned motor responses to develop during paralytic training and the facilitation of the responses during subsequent normal training are discussed with emphasis upon the possible role of muscle spindles. It is suggested that conditioned responses of gamma motoneurons are established during paralytic training, but proprioceptive feedback is blocked. During subsequent training without paralysis, the added effect of afferent feedback mediated by conditioned and unconditioned responses of the gamma motoneurons may result in an accelerated appearance of the overt conditioned response.
EFFECT OF CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES ON G6PD ACTIVITY IN CULTURED HUMAN FIBROBLASTS

Previously we reported a sex difference in activity of X-linked G6PD in cultured antenatal lung as a consequence of depression of G6PD activity in the male rather than lack of X-inactivation in the female. Shortly after birth male G6PD activity rises to equal that of female. G6PD activity in cultured skin is lower than that of lung and does not show developmental or sex differences. The lability of the effective output of the G6PD locus in cultured lung compared to skin is again demonstrated in the present report on: LUNG-two strains each 47, XX, 21+;one each 46, XX, t21/21;45, XX, 22-;47, XX, 18+;47, XXY;49, XXXXY;and SKIN-one strain each 47, XX, 21+;47, XY, 9+;47, XXY;49, XXXXY. Compared to chromosomally normal controls, G6PD activity was depressed˜53%(p<0.001) in all five lung strains with autosomal aneuploidy. G6PD activity was the same as 46, XX controls in Y bearing multi X lung strainsjand was unaffected in skin strains with either X or autosomal aneuploidy. LDH activity was unaffected in all chromosomally abnormal strains. The diversity of the autosomal aneuploidy suggests that its effect on G6PD activity in lung reflects upon a general rather than & specific type of interference with regulation of the effective output of the G6PD locus. That antenatal Y bearing multi X lung has the same G6PD activity as 46, XX lung suggests that depression of G6PD activity in antenatal 46, XY lung is related to the presence of a single (as opposed to multiple) X chromosome rather than to some effect of the Y chromosome.
STABILITY OF ADIPOSITY DISTRIBUTION AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN INFANTS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETIC MOTHERS(IGDM) FROM BIRTH TO 2 YEARS OF AGE. 586

We have prospectively evaluated anthropometrics and blood pressure(BP) in a cohort of term IGDM (39 Large for gestation (LGA) & 42 Appropriate for gestation(AGA) and Controls(C)(44 LGA & 39 AGA) at birth and 26 mos. to evaluate the effects of neonatal macrosomia on adiposity and BP. We hypothesized that LGA IGDM would continue to have increased central adiposity at 2 yrs. of age which would be related to their BP. Results: B.wt and 26 mo data are shown: Table The body mass index (BMI) of LGA IGDM, and AGA and LGA controls were significantly greater than AGA IGDM. LGA IGDM, however, had significantly greater abdominal skinfolds(SF) (p<.03) at 2 years than all other study groups. In addition, for IGDM, infant BMI correlated with 2 yr. BMI (r=.36,p<.001) and infant mean BP correlated with 2 yr BP (r=.36,p<.01). Control infants BMI correlated with child BMI(r=.23,p,.03) but C infant BP did not correlate with child BP. At 2 yrs child weight also correlated with BP for IGDM (r=.26,p<.04) but not controls. We conclude that the altered intrauterine environment which contributes to macrosomia in the IGDM has lasting effects on adiposity distribution and BP, and that increased BP is related to central adiposity.
Large deformations of framed structures under static and dynamic loads

Abstract With reference to the problem of large deformations and stability of elastic framed structures, this paper explores the computational capabilities of a general beam-column type method which was recently developed by the senior author. The method is flexible in that the coordinate system used may be either Eulerian or Lagrangian. In addition, various types and levels of consistent approximations can be introduced into the analysis in a rather routine fashion. In an effort to evaluate the merits of the method in the static case, extensive numerical studies were carried out on a group of specially selected and relatively simple structural systems. In formulating the dynamic case, use was made of a well-known numerical integration technique, namely, the so-called “Newmark's β-method”. Again, numerical studies were carried out, although on a smaller scale than in the static case. These studies clearly indicate that the suggested method is both practical and highly accurate.
Women-only and mixed-gender drug abuse treatment programs: Service needs, utilization and outcomes

Abstract Objectives This prospective longitudinal study examined service needs, utilization and outcomes for 189 women in women-only (WO) programs and 871 women in mixed-gender (MG) programs. Methods The Addiction Severity Index was administered at both intake and the 9-month follow-up interview to assess clients’ problem severity and outcomes, and the Treatment Service Review was given at the 3-month interview to measure service utilization. Treatment completion and arrests were based on official records. Results Compared to women in MG programs, women in WO programs were more likely to be White, less educated, physically abused in the past 30 days and in residential treatment (as opposed to outpatient treatment). Women in WO programs also had greater problem severity in a number of domains including alcohol, drug, family, medical and psychiatric. They utilized more treatment services and had better drug and legal outcomes at follow-up compared to women in MG programs. Program type was not predictive of treatment retention/completion or outcomes in other domains (i.e., alcohol, employment, family, medical and psychiatric). Conclusions The greater problem severity of women treated in WO programs and their better drug and legal outcomes suggest that these specialized services are filling an important gap in addiction services.
Natural Complements: Collaborative Approaches for Educators to Support Students With Learning Disabilities and Literacy Difficulties

The overall goal of this research study was to facilitate discussion about support for educators learning about the relationships between language and literacy achievement in order to lay the groundwork for more effective future interventions by language and literacy specialists. Findings pinpoint new perceptions regarding how remedial and compensatory interventions differ as approached by speech/language versus literacy specialists, the extent to which language and literacy specialists' perceptions change as they engage in collaborative conversations regarding students' competencies and progress, common literacy strategies that develop language knowledge, and the transitional changes in perceptions of these specialists toward collaboration and applied interventions.
Accelerated Pavement Testing of Rutting Performance of Two Caltrans Overlay Strategies

Results of accelerated pavement tests (APT) at elevated temperatures on dense graded asphalt concrete and gap-graded asphalt rubber hot mix (ARHM-GG) are presented. APT testing was performed by use of a Caltrans heavy vehicle simulator. The overlays were placed on previously untrafficked sections of an existing flexible pavement. Variables included in the experiment were overlay type, ARHM-GG overlay thickness, tire/wheel type (dual/bias-ply; dual/radial, wide-base single, aircraft), and pavement temperature (40°C, 50°C, at 50 mm depth). Results presented include the rut development for the different variables, changes in layer thickness, and changes in air-void content. Analyses were performed for evaluating the relative contributions of shear deformation and densification to rut development.
One Step Inside

Inspired by lyrics from a favorite song and cross-sectional, low-resolution micrographic images of mushrooms, I created this mixed-media piece using wax-based encaustic, oil paint, colored pencil, and oil pastel. The …
Non-Invasive User Tracking via Passive Sensing: Privacy Risks of Time-Series Occupancy Measurement

A large-scale sensing infrastructure can collect ample data to benefit many real-world applications. One promising application scenario is building management. However, exposure of the sensor data potentially reveals private details about building users. In this paper, we investigate indoor location privacy as a motivating example to manifest potential privacy risks in smart buildings. We apply inference techniques to reconstruct users' location traces from room-level occupancy data. Unlike other types of surveillance that are dedicated to explicit tracking such as security cam- eras, time-series occupancy traces, as aggregated environmental measurements, are typically deemed privacy-preserving. Unfortunately, it may still reveal some of the same sensitive information as privacy-invasive sensing such as video surveillance. We con- duct experiments using a publicly available dataset and synthetic data. Our results demonstrate the underlying privacy leakage via occupancy data. We further show how our evaluation can enable adaptive privacy mechanisms to control the information leakage by the sensing system.
Reduction in bleomycin-induced lung hydroxyproline content by an iron chelating agent.

Previous investigators have shown that long-term exposure to oxygen after administration of bleomycin can enhance early mortality and subsequent fibrosis.36 This study now demonstrates that as little as 2 minutes of oxygen exposure enhances bleomycin lung injury and that oxygen pulses can be used to titrate injury. That such very short exposures have an effect supports the probable role of free radicals in producing the initial effects of bleomycin on the lung. A second way to influence the severity of early bleomycin injury is variation in dose size. Finally, polymorphonucleated WBC depletion suppresses falls in Pa0 2. This suggests that granulocytes may play a role in the development of acute bleomycin lung injury and provides a third modality for changing the spectrum of lung injury. Granulocytes are stimulated to migrate into the lung following intratracheal bleomycin (see Haslett article, session 1.), and depletion by nitrogen mustard might protect the lung by blocking their release of free radicals, proteolytic enzymes, neutral pro­ teases, etc. Therefore, acute bleomycin lung injury can be titrated by the use of short oxygen pulses, the size of bleomycin dose given, and the depletion of granulated WBCs by nitrogen mustard. Current studies are directed at determining if these manipulations modulate subsequent chronic lung inflamma­ tion and fibrosis. If so, the relative importance of the many factors thought to regulate the transition from acute lung injury to chronic inflammation and fibrosis can be studied and evaluated.
REGULATION OF mRNA FOR INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II (IGF-II) IN THE FETAL TESTIS

Steroid hormone synthesis and accumulation of mRNAs for the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and IGF-II occur in parallel in human granulosa cells stimulated with chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), folliclestimulating (FSH) or cyclic AMP (cAMP), in fetal adrenal cells stimulated with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) or cAMP, or placental cells stimulated with cAMP (R.V. and W.L.M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, in press). However, the regulation of ICF-II in the testis is unknown. We detected IGF-II mRNA in Northern blots of RNA from fetal adrenal, placenta, liver, kidney, muscle and testis, but not ovary. In testes of 25 fetuses from 13 to 26 weeks gestation, the abundance of IGF-II mRNA closely followed the pattern shown for P450scc mRNA (R.V. and W.L.M., J.Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 63:1145), with a peak at 14-15 weeks and diminishing thereafter. In 20 week gestation total testicular cells cultured with serum, 100 ng/ml hCG elicited no change in amounts of mRNAs for P450scc, P450c17 (17α-hydroxylase/17, 20 lyase) or IGF-II, while 1 mM cAMP increased P450scc and P450c17 mFNAs 10-fold, but did not change IGF-II mRNA. 100 ng/dl hCG increases P450scc and IGF-II mRNAs in cultured granulosa cells, and 1 mM cAMP induces accumulation of both mRNAs in fetal adrenal placenta and granulosa cells. Thus, in contradistinction to IGF-II mRNA in other steroidogenic tissues, fetal adrenal cells or placenta, fetal testicular IGF-II mRNA does not respond to factors stimulating steroid hormone synthesis, despite similar age-dependent regulation during gestation.
Herstellung von Bis‐phosphonigsäureestern aus bifunktionellen Grignard‐Verbindungen und Umsetzungen zu bifunktionellen phosphororganischen Verbindungen

Durch Verwendung von Tetrahydrofuran als Losungsmittel gelang es, die Grignard-Verbindungen ClMg.[CH2]n.MgCl, n = 4−6, sowie m- und p-Phenylendimagnesiumbromid in hohen Ausbeuten herzustellen. Durch Umsetzung von bifunktionellen Grignard-Verbindungen mit Trialkylphosphiten oder besser mit Phosphorigsaure-dialkylester-chloriden konnten die Alkan-α.ω-bis-phosphonigsaureester (RO)2P.[CH2]n.P(OR)2, n = 4−6, in Ausbeuten bis zu 50% gewonnen werden, wahrend die Synthese aromatischer Di-phosphonite nicht gelang. Ausgehend von den Bis-phosphonigsaureestern liesen sich die bifunktionellen Verbindungsklassen RO(O)PH.[CH2]n.PH(O)OR, HO(O)PH.[CH2]n. PH(O)OH, H2P.[CH2]n.PH2 und Cl2P.[CH2]n.PCl2 erschliesen.
Recent developments in high-current superconducting ion linacs

It is noted that recent experimental and analytical results in the areas of resonator geometry and beam physics are very encouraging for superconducting high-current ion accelerators. Niobium resonators fabricated for high-brightness ion acceleration have yielded continuous-wave (CW) average accelerating gradients as high as 18 MV/m. In a superconducting RFQ (radio-frequency quadrupole) geometry, high CW surface electric fields were sustained over surface areas of order 10 cm/sup 2/. Analyses of cumulative beam breakup in superconducting linacs consisting of decoupled, independently phased cavities were also encouraging. In addition to the construction and testing of a superconducting section, future work will include the development of superconducting cavities operating at higher frequencies and velocities. Fabrication of a 2-gap, 850 MHz, beta /sub 0/=0.28 spoke resonator is nearly complete. >
Integrated circuit design for manufacturing through statistical simulation of process steps

The methodology, implementation, and results of a design for manufacturing (DFM) technique as applied to an integrated circuit boron base formation for an n-p-n transistor are presented. The primary purpose of the DFM technique is to achieve acceptable statistical prediction of the results by using the minimum number of variables and reducing the time required to perform physically based simulations. Excellent statistical results are achieved while the number of simulations is reduced by at least a factor of five if judicious statistical techniques are applied. >
The operation of diesel gensets in a CERTS microgrid

In this paper the operation of diesel engine-driven wound-field synchronous generator sets as distributed generators (DGpsilas) is studied. The objective of this work is to develop the modeling and control framework for such gensets to enable their operation in a distribution system that contains multiple DGpsilas including inverter-based sources. The paper presents experimental results for the interaction of conventional gensets with inverter-based sources in a microgrid test system. From the test results it is observed that there is significant circulating reactive power between the sources as well as frequency oscillations caused by the response of the conventional genset controller. A new controller for the genset is proposed that alleviates these issues and enables the various sources to share power and maintain power quality within the system. The operation of the new controller is demonstrated using simulation results.
United Nations Human Rights Conventions: Obligations and Compliance

Since the creation of the United Nations in 1945, a dramatic increase has occurred in the volume of international law, particularly in the area of human rights. Today, there are dozens of UN sponsored human rights conventions, and most have been widely ratified. We examine how effective these treaties have been in protecting individual rights and liberties. Specifically, we hypothesize that a positive correlation exists between aggregate human rights treaty ratification over time and an improving global human rights record. We also test whether an observed improvement in a country's human rights record correlates positively to recent human rights treaty ratification. Our results support our hypotheses.
Leveraging the new with the old: providing a framework for the integration of historic microarray studies with next generation sequencing

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods are rapidly providing remarkable advances in our ability to study the molecular profiles of human cancers. However, the scientific discovery offered by NGS also includes challenges concerning the interpretation of large and non-trivial experimental results. This task is potentially further complicated when a multitude of molecular profiling modalities are available, with the goal of a more integrative and comprehensive analysis of the cancer biology. Microarray transcriptome analyses have resulted in important advances in both the scientific and clinical domains of biomedicine. Importantly, as technology advances, it is critical to leverage what has been gained from historic approaches (e.g., microarrays) with new approaches (NGS). In this regard, necessity dictated a need to utilize and leverage the many years of historical microarray data with new NGS approaches. This is especially important since NGS approaches are now entering clinical medicine. For instance, NGS-based comprehensive analysis of certain cancers has already helped to uncover specific mutations that contribute to the malignant process, identify new therapeutic targets, and improve opportunities for choosing the best treatment for an individual patient. A suite of custom software tools have been developed to rapidly integrate, explore, discover and validate molecular profiling data from the NGS modalities of Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and RNA-seq with each other, as well as with historical microarray and salient clinical datasets. Importantly, our approach is independent of any particular type of NGS suite(s) or cancer types. This novel bioinformatic framework is now assisting with the scientific and clinical management of patients with multiple myeloma.
A Largemouth Bass Closed Fishery to Control an Overabundant Bluegill Population in a Wisconsin Lake

ABSTRACT We studied Round Lake, in central Wisconsin, to determine if predator-prey balance could be restored by protecting predator populations. In January 1986 the 28.8 ha lake was closed to fishing for gamefish: largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), northern pike (Esox lucius), and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). Panfish seasons remained open. Largemouth bass and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were the predominant predator and prey in Round Lake, with bluegill comprising 58 % by weight of the largemouth bass diet from 1984 to 1991. Numbers and biomass of stock length (200+ mm) largemouth bass increased following closure of the lake to predator fishing, and there was a reduction in the population of stock-to-quality (80–149 mm) bluegill. Bluegill biomass remained relatively stable from 1984 to 1992, while bluegill numbers decreased. Bluegill relative weight (Wr) and longevity increased. Increased numbers of quality (150+ mm) bluegill by 1988 resulted in higher fishing pressure and panfish harvest.
Abdominal Dual Energy Imaging

Dual energy scanned projection radiography of the abdomen has been performed using an experimental line-scanned radiographic system. Digital images simultaneously obtained at 85 and 135 kVp are combined, using photoelectric/Compton decomposition algorithms to create images from which selected materials are cancelled. Soft tissue cancellation images have proved most useful in various abdominal imaging applications, largely due to the elimination of obscuring high-contrast bowel gas shadows. These techniques have been successfully applied to intravenous pyelography, oral cholecystography, intravenous abdominal arteriog-raphy and the imaging of renal calculi.
Descriptive epidemiology of dance participation in adolescents.

Abstract The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of dance participation in U.S. adolescents and to estimate the contribution of dance to total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The sample was composed of 3,598 adolescents from the 2003–06 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Youth reported frequency and duration of physical activities performed in the past month. Dance participation prevalence was calculated; among those who reported dance, its contribution to total MVPA was estimated. The prevalence of dance was much higher in girls (34.8%) than boys (8.4%). Girls had a greater contribution of dance to total MVPA (39.3%) than boys (23.0%). Dance is a prevalent form of physical activity among girls, and it accounts for a substantial fraction of their total MVPA.
Abdera and Teos

Abdera and Teos have been brought into prominence recently by the discovery of the new inscription of Public Imprecations from Teos, the provisions of which refer not only to Teos but also to its great colony. But there are additional reasons why these two cities deserve fresh consideration. The excavations at Abdera, which have now been conducted over many years, may in some respects seem disappointing; no temples and, apart from the theatre, no public buildings have come to light; but they nevertheless require important changes in our interpretation of the history of the city. Secondly, there are many allusions to the early history of Abdera in Pindar's Second Paean, composed for that city. Their use by historians was long hindered, not only by their inherent obscurity, but also by unsatisfactory reading and interpretation of the Greek. The second of these hindrances was removed by the fine edition of the poem published by S. L. Radt in 1958. Even so, this important evidence seems in general not to have entered the consciousness of ancient historians.
How Publish or Perish Promotes Inaccuracy in Science -- and Journalism.

Scientists and journalists both face pressures to “publish or perish,” which may result in over- or misrepresentation of findings.
The Exposome in Environmental Health Sciences and Related Disciplines

The exposome has emerged as a concept under the auspices of the field of environmental health sciences, which is primarily composed of environmental epidemiology, exposure science, and toxicology. Originally proposed as a way to address some of the limitations of exposure assessment, the exposome has the potential to impact all of the subdisciplines in environmental health sciences. The exposome is highly complementary to the traditional approaches used by exposure scientists. It has the potential to improve population-based studies by providing greater detail and resolution about environmental contributors to disease. The exposome also provides an excellent translational framework for toxicological studies that examine the mechanisms by which certain exposures alter our biology.
Blood pressure outcomes of medication adherence interventions: systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review applied meta-analytic procedures to integrate primary research that examined blood pressure outcomes of medication adherence interventions. Random-effects model analysis calculated standardized mean difference effect sizes. Exploratory dichotomous and continuous moderator analyses using meta-analytic analogues of ANOVA and regression were performed. Codable data were extracted from 156 reports with 60,876 participants. The overall weighted mean difference systolic effect size was 0.235 across 161 treatment versus control comparisons. The diastolic effect size was 0.189 from 181 comparisons. Effect sizes were significantly heterogeneous. Common risks of bias included lack of allocation concealment, unmasked data collectors, and absent intention-to-treat analyses. Exploratory moderator analyses suggested that habit-based interventions may be most effective. The largest effect sizes were for interventions delivered by pharmacists. The modest magnitude effect sizes suggest future research should explore novel higher dose interventions that might address multiple levels of influence on adherence behavior.
Dewey and Marx: On Partisanship and the Reconstruction of Society

There are many similarities between Dewey and Marx, particularly the claim by each to have united theory and practice. But this article argues that the distance between the two remains great. Dewey denies what Marx affirms; namely, that partisanship performs a variety of positive functions in the movement towards a more morally adequate society and in the moral transformation of man. Against Marx, Dewey argues that the “rivalry of parties” must come under the control of the norms of critical inquiry which, Dewey believes, can also serve as the site of a more comprehensive and nonpartisan social interest. The article concludes that both Dewey and Marx are correct in what they have to say about partisanship, but in a more limited way than either would acknowledge. If partisanship is functional in the reconstruction of society, as Marx holds, and dysfunctional to the moral growth of the individual, as Dewey holds, then the controversy between liberal amelioration and radical politics is likely to persist.
Abstract A52: Vitamin K1 enhances sorafenib effects on HCC and induces apoptosis: A nontoxic prevention strategy

A52 HCC is usually multifocal and non surgical at presentation in the US and arises on a cirrhotic liver which tolerates chemotherapy poorly. A defect in vitamin K metabolism in HCC results in secretion of the useful tumor marker DCP, or des gamma carboxy prothrombin. We previously showed that natural vitamin K, which has no known toxicities in adult humans, is a weak HCC growth inhibitor. The FDA recently approved the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib for HCC treatment. We now show that at doses of each agent (vitamin K1 12.5 μg/ml and sorafenib 2.5 μg/ml) that do not independently alter HCC growth, the combination inhibits growth of Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5 and JM1 HCC cell lines at 24-72 hr and induces apoptosis, as supported by FACS analysis (without G1 or S phase arrest), TUNEL stain, cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP and reduced expression of survivin, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 at 6-24 hr. At later times, a profound decrease in phospho-ERK and cyclin D1 was found (36-48 hr). The results show that the non-toxic vitamin K1 can decrease the concentrations at which sorafenib works and provides a possible approach to cancer prevention in patients with cirrhosis, who are at risk for HCC development. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A52.
Malignant disease of infancy and childhood with special reference to leukaemia: a survey of 6431 autopsy cases.

A study on the prevalence of cancer at autopsy in Chilean children with special reference to leukaemia, was made.
What the dinosaur record says about extinction scenarios

The record of dinosaurs over the last 10 m.y. of the Cretaceous, as well as surrounding the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, helps to defi ne extinction scenarios. Although Late Cretaceous dinosaur fossils occur on all present-day continents, only in North America do we fi nd a terrestrial vertebrate fossil record spanning the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, although promising work may yield comparable records in South America, India, China, and Europe. For the present then, the North American record represents the proxy for our knowledge of dinosaur extinction. Over the last 10 m.y. of the Cretaceous (late Campanian to late Maastrichtian) in the northern part of the western interior of North America, the number of nonavian dinosaur species dropped from 49 to 25, almost a 50% reduction, even though a 16% greater extent of fossil-bearing exposures record the last dinosaurs in the latest Cretaceous in the western interior. Important, but less-well-exposed, nonavian-dinosaur–bearing units suggest this drop occurred around, or at least commenced by, the CampanianMaastrichtian boundary. These losses began during climatic fl uctuations, occurring during and possibly in part caused by the last major regressive cycle of the Cretaceous, which also reduced the expanse of the low coastal plains inhabited by nonavian dinosaurs. The pulse of Deccan Trap emplacement that began some time later in the latest Cretaceous was also likely a major driver of climatic change. As for the dinosaur record near the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, even the best-known records from North America remain enigmatic and open to interpretation. Newer studies suggest some decline in at least relative abundance approaching the CretaceousPaleogene boundary, but the cause (or causes) for the fi nal extinction (if it was the case) of nonavian dinosaurs remains unresolved, although the Chicxulub impact undoubtedly played a major role. *darchibald@mail.sdsu.edu Archibald, J.D., 2014, What the dinosaur record says about extinction scenarios, in Keller, G., and Kerr, A.C., eds., Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions: Causes and Effects: Geological Society of America Special Paper 505, p. 213–224, doi:10.1130/2014.2505(10). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety. org. © 2014 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION The best-preserved and most-studied sequences of Late Cretaceous and Paleocene fossil vertebrates occur in western North America. From the latest Cretaceous of western North America alone, over 100 vertebrate species are known, representing all major vertebrate clades. Although nonavian dinosaurs represent at most only 20% of this taxonomic diversity, interest in the possible causes and patterns of their extinction far outweighs the interest for the extinction of other species, vertebrate or not (Archibald, 1996). The study of dinosaur extinction is certainly not the most conducive for general understanding of the processes on August 25, 2014 specialpapers.gsapubs.org Downloaded from
Associations between farmers market managers’ motivations and market-level Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Electronic Benefit Transfer (SNAP/EBT) availability and business vitality

Farmers markets are promoted to improve access to healthy food for low-income consumers by providing affordable produce via Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Electronic Benefit Transfer (SNAP/EBT). Having SNAP/EBT at markets also expands revenue opportunities for participating farmers. Market managers play a key role in implementing SNAP/EBT and promoting business opportunities for farmers, yet they are not motivated equally by public health and business goals. There are few studies examining market managers’ influence on food access for low-income households and business opportunities for farmers. We examined associations between managers’ motivations and (1) food access for low-income households, measured by SNAP/EBT availability, and (2) business vitality, measured by vendor participation. A survey assessing manager motivation, SNAP/EBT availability, and vendor participation was sent to all market managers (N=271) in North Carolina. Seventy (26%) managers completed the survey. Multiple regression models were used to examine the association between managers’ motivations to (1) improve access to healthful food and SNAP/EBT availability, and to (2) support business opportunities and total vendor count, weekly vendor count, and the number of vendors who sell only what they produce (“producer-only”). There was no significant association between food access motivation and SNAP/EBT availability, or business motivation and total and weekly vendor count. A high business motivation score was positively associated with having 13 more producer-only vendors at the market. Manager pay was positively correlated with vendor participation, including total vendor, weekly, and producer-only vendor counts. Our results suggest that public health interventions should emphasize the business opportunities offered by SNAP/EBT at farmers’ markets, ultimately leveraging market managers’ business goals to encourage SNAP/EBT implementation.
VEGF-A angiogenesis induces a stable neovasculature in adult murine brain.

Angiogenesis is a critical component of stroke, head injury, cerebral vascular malformation development, and brain tumor growth. An understanding of the mechanisms of adult cerebral angiogenesis is fundamental to therapeutic vessel modulation for these diseases. To study angiogenesis in the central nervous system, we injected an adenoviral vector engineered to express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A 164 ) into adult murine striatum. Vector-infected astrocytes expressed VEGF-A 164 resulting in vascular permeability, hemorrhage, and the formation of greatly enlarged mother vessels. Subsequently, endothelial cells and pericytes lining mother vessels proliferated and assembled into glomeruloid bodies, complex cellular arrays interspersed by small vessel lumens. As VEGF-A 164 expression declined, glomeruloid bodies involuted through apoptotic processes to engender numerous small daughter vessels. Characterized by modestly enlarged lumens with prominent pericyte coverage, daughter vessels were distributed with a density greater than normal cerebral vessels. Daughter vessels remained stable and patent to 16 months and represented the final stage of VEGF-A-induced cerebral angiogenesis. Together, these findings provide a mechanistic understanding of angiogenesis in cerebral disease processes. Furthermore, the long-term stability of daughter vessels in the absence of exogenous VEGF-A 164 expression suggests that VEGF-A may enable therapeutic angiogenesis in brain.
Testosterone levels are positively correlated with cloacal bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of Chlamydiae in breeding male rufous‐collared sparrows

Summary Testosterone mediates several key aspects of male reproduction, but maintaining high testosterone levels can reduce long-term survival. One of the proposed pathways by which testosterone can influence survival is through increased risk of parasite infection. The hormone has the potential to affect the transmission of sexually transmitted infections by promoting behaviours that increase sexual contact rates and/or by decreasing immune function. We hypothesized that males with high concentrations of testosterone would increase their chances of being infected with sexually transmitted bacteria, which would manifest as increased diversity of cloacal bacteria. To test this hypothesis, we measured circulating testosterone concentrations in breeding male rufous-collared sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis) and collected cloacal swabs to quantify bacterial diversity using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. There was a positive correlation between testosterone concentrations and the phylogenetic diversity of cloacal bacteria. In addition, individuals with high and medium testosterone concentrations had cloacal bacterial communities that were more similar to each other than to those of low testosterone individuals. Finally, when considering bacterial taxa that are potential avian pathogens, we found that the relative abundance of Chlamydiae, a class of obligate intracellular parasites, was positively correlated with testosterone concentrations. Two non-exclusive explanations for these results are that testosterone affects behaviours that lead to increased sexual contacts and thus the exposure and acquisition of additional phylogenetically diverse bacteria, and/or that testosterone is altering the immune system or the cloacal environment, thus making it easier for bacteria to colonize. Either way, these data suggest that increased exposure to sexually transmitted pathogens in the form of cloacal bacteria could be a cost of maintaining high testosterone levels. A Lay Summary is available for this article.
Psychometric Properties and Structures of Passionate and Companionate Love

After many decades of romantic relationship research, there is a new focus on a multidimensional model of love. This empirical study examines the multidimensionality and psychometrics of Passionate and Companionate love, based on an extensive study of 413 participants using Multidimensional Love Scale (MLS). A new statistical approach employed in this study explores the typology and structure of love. The statistical approach included the combination of Two-Step Cluster Analysis of cases and Principle Component Analysis of dimensions while using centered variable scores. The results reveal a typology of love based on its multidimensional structure. Further analysis revealed two main types of love: Passionate and Companionate, both containing several factors allowing for interpretation of their multidimensional structures. The MLS subscales and detailed psychometric analysis measuring specific love dimensions are incorporated to allow further research in other studies.