cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Your Design Probably Needs More VDU'S

The most frequent complaint of operators in modern computer-based control rooms is that there just are not enough video display units (VDUs). In this paper we examine the basis for this concern and try to understand the technical and historical reasons for this complaint, and its implications for the design of complex human-machine systems, including the number of VDUs in the control room. The overall aim of our work is to develop human factors guidance for the review of computer-based and modernized control rooms in nuclear power plants. As part of these efforts we have conducted literature reviews and studies using both simulators and actual systems in a broad range of industries, including process control, aerospace, medical, and others. Our findings reflect the general complaint of operators across all these industries: there just are not enough VDUs in the control room. We conclude that there are three primary reasons for this complaint. First, as part of a workload management strategy, operators frequently avoid interface management tasks and do not access all the information available, preferring instead to use a fixed set of familiar displays that provide much (but not all) of the information needed. Performance thereby becomes data limited andmore » operators complain that they do not have a sufficient number of VDUs to set up in the early phases of a high-workload period so they can get all the information they need. Second, display designs are typically not designed with operator tasks in mind. The most common method of representing information is by functions and systems. Since tasks typically cut across many systems, operators need many displays. Thus, to make task performance easier operators need additional VDUs. Finally, there is a differing ''concept of operations'' between designers and operators. Modern computer-based control rooms are designed with vast amounts of data, available through hundreds of displays, viewed by the operator through a limited number of display devices. Designers expect that operators will use the flexibility of the computer-based interfaces to configure them in such a way that they are ideally tailored to the unique demands of the current situation. However, operators usually do not do that and instead configure the interfaces in a spatially dedicated way. Thus, while the number of VDUs may seem reasonable to the designer, it is not to the operator who is attempting to minimize the interface management aspects of workload. The implications of these findings for design are discussed in terms of the need for a method for determining the number of displays, task-relevant displays, data-dense displays, and enhanced interface management design and training.« less
Site-Specific Glycan Microheterogeneity of Inter-Alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain H4

Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4) is a 120 kDa acute-phase glycoprotein produced primarily in the liver, secreted into the blood, and identified in serum. ITIH4 is involved in liver development and stabilization of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and its expression is altered in liver disease. In this study, we aimed to characterize glycosylation of recombinant and serum-derived ITIH4 using analytical mass spectrometry. Recombinant ITIH4 was analyzed to optimize glycopeptide analyses, followed by serum-derived ITIH4. First, we confirmed that the four ITIH4 N-X-S/T sequons (N81, N207, N517, and N577) were glycosylated by treating ITIH4 tryptic/GluC glycopeptides with PNGaseF in the presence of 18O water. Next, we performed glycosidase-assisted LC–MS/MS analysis of ITIH4 trypsin-GluC glycopeptides enriched via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography to characterize ITIH4 N-glycoforms. While microheterogeneity of N-glycoforms differed between ITIH4 protein expressed in HEK293 cells a...
Reactions of Monkeys to Experimental Respiratory Infections.∗ I. Response to Influenza Virus A

Most of our current knowledge of experimental influenza has been derived from observations made on small laboratory animals, particularly mice and ferrets. Vieuchange1 reported certain manifestations of infection in 2 monkeys inoculated with an unfiltered mouse-lung suspension of the “W.S.” strain of virus. Some 2 years ago we began a series of correlated studies-clinical, hematological, bacteriological, and immunological-in normal monkeys inoculated intranasally: (1) with the virus of influenza A, (2) with Streptococcus hemolyticus Group C, and (3) with the virus and streptococcus in various sequences.2 Similar studies are in progress, utilizing vitamin-deficient monkeys. This communication records the reaction of normal monkeys to the virus alone.Methods. The PR-8 strain of influenza virus used was maintained by intranasal passage in young adult white mice. The inoculum for the monkeys was prepared as follows : The lungs of infected mice were triturated in 9 volumes of buffered saline; the suspension wa...
Suppression of amber codons in Caulobacter crescentus by the orthogonal Escherichia coli histidyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNAHis pair.

While translational read-through of stop codons by suppressor tRNAs is common in many bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, this phenomenon has not yet been observed in the α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Based on a previous report that C. crescentus and Escherichia coli tRNAHis have distinctive identity elements, we constructed E. coli tRNAHisCUA, a UAG suppressor tRNA for C. crescentus. By examining the expression of three UAG codon- containing reporter genes (encoding a β-lactamase, the fluorescent mCherry protein, or the C. crescentus xylonate dehydratase), we demonstrated that the E. coli histidyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNAHisCUA pair enables in vivo UAG suppression in C. crescentus. E. coli histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) or tRNAHisCUA alone did not achieve suppression; this indicates that the E. coli HisRS/tRNAHisCUA pair is orthogonal in C. crescentus. These results illustrate that UAG suppression can be achieved in C. crescentus with an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/suppressor tRNA pair.
Analysis on the Impact of Double 12-Pulse Bridge Asymmetrical Operation on Overvoltage in Yunnan-Guangdong DC Transmission Project

After changing high voltage valves converter transformer tap control mode from Angle-Mode to U dio-Mode in positive pole in a short time,the lowvoltage valves M-type arrester was damaged for overheating in the same pole during Chuxiong-Suidong HVDC project islanding operation commissioning preparatory work.Based on the analysis of on-site transient fault recorder files,the 24th characteristic harmonic resonance on 400 kV busbar when high voltage and lowvoltage valves are under asymmetric operation is recognized and considered the direct cause of M-type arrester damage.Through simulation analysis,the mechanism of 24th harmonics appear in the 400 kV bus has been confirmed.Stray capacitance on converter transformer secondary side to ground caused 24th harmonic amplification,resulting in the generation of overvoltage.It is suggested that when the converter transformer tap control mode handover is required,the high voltage and lowvoltage valves should be switched simultaneously.The tap position of lowvoltage valves converter transformers should be set to followthat of the high voltage valves,to ensure that tap position difference is less than one.These measures can effectively prevent the over-voltage caused by the high voltage and lowvoltage valves asymmetry operation.
Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and Shooting Behavior

Previous research on the relation between working memory capacity (WMC) and shooting behavior suggests that individuals with low working memory spans are more prone to shooting errors than are individuals with high working memory spans. The present study investigated how WMC interacts with the proportion of “shoot” to “don’t shoot” decisions to affect overall shooting performance. Participants were 186 undergraduate students who completed a series of complex span tasks, rated a series of negative photographs for valence and arousal, and then completed a computerized shooting task in which participants were shooting on 20%, 50%, or 80% of the trials. Results indicated that participants with high working memory spans outperformed participants with low working memory spans in all conditions. Participants also exhibited a greater tendency to inappropriately shoot as the proportion of shoot decisions increased. These results suggest that WMC and the proportion of shoot trials interact to affect shooting behavior.
Mice lacking GPR3 receptors display late-onset obese phenotype due to impaired thermogenic function in brown adipose tissue

We report an unexpected link between aging, thermogenesis and weight gain via the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR3. Mice lacking GPR3 and maintained on normal chow had similar body weights during their first 5 months of life, but gained considerably more weight thereafter and displayed reduced total energy expenditure and lower core body temperature. By the age of 5 months GPR3 KO mice already had lower thermogenic gene expression and uncoupling protein 1 protein level and showed impaired glucose uptake into interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) relative to WT littermates. These molecular deviations in iBAT of GPR3 KO mice preceded measurable differences in body weight and core body temperature at ambient conditions, but were coupled to a failure to maintain thermal homeostasis during acute cold challenge. At the same time, the same cold challenge caused a 17-fold increase in Gpr3 expression in iBAT of WT mice. Thus, GPR3 appears to have a key role in the thermogenic response of iBAT and may represent a new therapeutic target in age-related obesity.
Reactive astrocytes potentiate tumor aggressiveness in a murine glioma resection and recurrence model

Background Surgical resection is a universal component of glioma therapy. Little is known about the postoperative microenvironment due to limited preclinical models. Thus, we sought to develop a glioma resection and recurrence model in syngeneic immune-competent mice to understand how surgical resection influences tumor biology and the local microenvironment. Methods We genetically engineered cells from a murine glioma mouse model to express fluorescent and bioluminescent reporters. Established allografts were resected using image-guided microsurgery. Postoperative tumor recurrence was monitored by serial imaging, and the peritumoral microenvironment was characterized by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Coculture techniques were used to explore how astrocyte injury influences tumor aggressiveness in vitro. Transcriptome and secretome alterations in injured astrocytes was examined by RNA-seq and Luminex. Results We found that image-guided resection achieved >90% reduction in tumor volume but failed to prevent both local and distant tumor recurrence. Immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein and nestin showed that resection-induced injury led to temporal and spatial alterations in reactive astrocytes within the peritumoral microenvironment. In vitro, we found that astrocyte injury induced transcriptome and secretome alterations and promoted tumor proliferation, as well as migration. Conclusions This study demonstrates a unique syngeneic model of glioma resection and recurrence in immune-competent mice. Furthermore, this model provided insights into the pattern of postsurgical tumor recurrence and changes in the peritumoral microenvironment, as well as the impact of injured astrocytes on glioma growth and invasion. A better understanding of the postsurgical tumor microenvironment will allow development of targeted anticancer agents that improve surgery-mediated effects on tumor biology.
Effect of Energy Intake on the Postpartum Interval in Beef Cows and the Adequacy of the Cow's Milk Production for Calf Growth

Lactating Hereford and Hereford X Angus cows, 2 to 6 yr old, and their calves were used in two trials to study the effects of energy intake on the postpartum interval (PPI) and the adequacy of the cow's milk production for calf growth. In trial 1, 23 cows were fed either 120 (high energy, HE) or 100% (adequate energy, AE) of National Research Council energy recommendations. Cow weights, calf weights and milk production were determined 1 wk after calving and every 2 wk until 17 wk postcalving . One-half of the calves received creep feed from the start of the study, whereas the other half did not receive creep feed until their average daily gain was below .23 kg/d. In trail 2, 19 cows were fed energy levels of 100 (AE) or 85% (low energy, LE). Estimated percentage body fat ( EPBF ) was estimated twice during the study; other variables were determined as in trial 1. In trial 1, the HE cows gained more weight (P less than .01) and produced more milk (P less than .01). In trial 2, the AE cows gained more weight (P less than .01) and produced calves 17 kg heavier (P less than .01) at the end of the study than did the LE cows. Milk production was not influenced by energy treatment (P greater than .2). It required 7.5 kg of milk and 2.3 kg of creep feed to produce 1 kg of calf gain in trial 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Performance and radiation tolerance of InAs/GaSb LWIR detectors based on CBIRD design

We report our recent developments of antimonide based infrared photodetectors utilizing a complementary barrier infrared detector (CBIRD) design. The new generation of devices can operate close to zero bias with the same quantum efficiency as the initial design. 320x256 pixel long-wavelength infrared focal plane arrays utilizing optimized design have been demonstrated with 8.8 μm cutoff wavelength and noise equivalent differential temperature of 26 mK at operating temperature of 80 K for 300 K background and f/2 optics. As CBIRD detectors became valuable candidates for space-based instruments, question of their radiation tolerance became important. Here, we report our investigations of the proton irradiation effects on the photodetector performance.
Mechanism of Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome

Cerebrospinal fluid measurements of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) in samples from 27 children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome and 47 controls are reported from the National Pediatric Myoclonus Center, Children’s Research Institute, Washington, DC, and other centers.
From Introduction to Integration: Providing Community-Engaged Structure for Interprofessional Education.

Background: Training future healthcare profession students using interprofessional education (IPE) is critical to improve quality of health care and patient safety. Objective: The objective of this study was to implement an IPE program and determine student satisfaction with each session, including a clinical case requiring teams with members from each profession addressing clinical scenarios. Subjects: The subjects of this study were students from Athletic Training, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy, Physician Assistant, Social Work, and Speech-Language Pathology. Methods: Evaluations, administered to all participating students, consisted of Likert-style responses, rating agreement with a series of questions, and space for descriptive comments. Score differences for each question were compared using independent group t-tests with a P-value of 0.05 to determine statistical significance. Results: There were statistically higher satisfaction ratings for the problem-based learning case when compared to less interactive sessions (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Students perceived benefits of the IPE program. Perceptions improved when various students had the opportunity to work together on clinically relevant problems.
Regulatory Perspective of the USDA on the Use of Antimicrobials and Inhibitors in Foods.

The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is directly involved in the changes occurring in food ingredient use. FSIS responds to petitions from industry, trade groups, academia, and other research organizations for the use of new ingredients and the new use of existing ingredients in meat and poultry products. The agency confirms the safety and evaluates the technical efficacy of food ingredients intended for use in meat or poultry products. While FSIS maintains its own list of approved substances separate from that maintained by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), FSIS seeks guidance and concurrence from FDA on ingredient approvals. Several trends have spurred the creativity in ingredient use, viz., globalization, labeling reform, a "marketing quality" concept, and industry and consumer concerns for safe, healthy ingredients, all of which translates to safe and healthy foods. The trend for safe and healthy foods is seen in the increased interest in the use of preservatives, particularly antimicrobial agents. To date, only a limited number of antimicrobial substances have been approved for direct use in meat and poultry products. However, there is a growing interest in antibacterial substances produced by certain strains of bacteria, e.g., nisin, a bacteriocin, for use in meat and poultry products. The use and application of these ingredients will require an integrated review by both FSIS and FDA before applications to meat and poultry are possible.
Macrovascular Decompression of the Brainstem and Cranial Nerves: Evolution of an Anteromedial Vertebrobasilar Artery Transposition Technique.

Background Tortuous and dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar arteries can impinge on the brainstem and cranial nerves to cause compression syndromes. Transposition techniques are often required to decompress the brainstem with dolichoectatic pathology. We describe our evolution of an anteromedial transposition technique and its efficacy in decompressing the brainstem and relieving symptoms. Objective To present the anteromedial vertebrobasilar artery transposition technique for macrovascular decompression of the brainstem and cranial nerves. Methods All patients who underwent vertebrobasilar artery transposition were identified from the prospectively maintained database of the Vascular Neurosurgery service, and their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. The extent of arterial displacement was measured pre- and postoperatively on imaging. Results Vertebrobasilar arterial transposition and macrovascular decompression was performed in 12 patients. Evolution in technique was characterized by gradual preference for the far-lateral approach, use of a sling technique with muslin wrap, and an anteromedial direction of pull on the vertebrobasilar artery with clip-assisted tethering to the clival dura. With this technique, mean lateral displacement decreased from 6.6 mm in the first half of the series to 3.8 mm in the last half of the series, and mean anterior displacement increased from 0.8 to 2.5 mm, with corresponding increases in satisfaction and relief of symptoms. Conclusion Compressive dolichoectatic pathology directed laterally into cranial nerves and posteriorly into the brainstem can be corrected with anteromedial transposition towards the clivus. Our technique accomplishes this anteromedial transposition from an inferolateral surgical approach through the vagoaccessory triangle, with sling fixation to clival dura using aneurysm clips.
Hunting Malicious Bots on Twitter: An Unsupervised Approach

Malicious bots violate Twitter’s terms of service – they include bots that post spam content, adware and malware, as well as bots that are designed to sway public opinion. How prevalent are such bots on Twitter? Estimates vary, with Twitter [3] itself stating that less than 5% of its over 300 million active accounts are bots. Using a supervised machine learning approach with a manually curated set of Twitter bots, [12] estimate that between 9% to 15% of active Twitter accounts are bots (both benign and malicious). In this paper, we propose an unsupervised approach to hunt for malicious bot groups on Twitter. Key structural and behavioral markers for such bot groups are the use of URL shortening services, duplicate tweets and content coordination over extended periods of time. While these markers have been identified in prior work [9, 15], we devise a new protocol to automatically harvest such bot groups from live Tweet streams. Our experiments with this protocol show that between 4% to 23% (mean 10.5%) of all accounts that use shortened URLs are bots and bot networks that evade detection over a long period of time, with significant heterogeneity in distribution based on the URL shortening service. We compare our detection approach with two state-of-the-art methods for bot detection on Twitter: a supervised learning approach called BotOrNot [10] and an unsupervised technique called DeBot [8]. We show that BotOrNot misclassifies around 40% of the malicious bots identified by our protocol. The overlap between bots detected by our approach and DeBot, which uses synchronicity of tweeting as a primary behavioral marker, is around 7%, indicating that the detection approaches target very different types of bots. Our protocol effectively identifies malicious bots in a language-independent, as well as topic and keyword independent framework in real-time in an entirely unsupervised manner and is a useful supplement to existing bot detection tools.
Moving Mountains in the lntercultural Classroom

Today many Alaska Natives are seeking a higher education; however due to subtle differences in communication styles between the Native Alaskan student and Euro-American instructor, both students and educator frequently experience communication difficulties. This paper examines the differences in non-verbal communication, the assumption of similarities, stereotyping, preconceptions, and misinterpretations that may occur between Alaska Native and Euro-American cultures. University classrooms are becoming increasingly multicultural, and one teaching style may not be effective with all students. Those involved with education need to promote flexibility and awareness of cultural differences in order to achieve successful communication in the classroom.
CP-ORTHO: An Orthogonal Tensor Factorization Framework for Spatio-Temporal Data

Extracting patterns and deriving insights from spatio-temporal data finds many target applications in various domains, such as in urban planning and computational sustainability. Due to their inherent capability of simultaneously modeling the spatial and temporal aspects of multiple instances, tensors have been successfully used to analyze such spatio-temporal data. However, standard tensor factorization approaches often result in components that are highly overlapping, which hinders the practitioner's ability to interpret them without advanced domain knowledge. In this work, we tackle this challenge by proposing a tensor factorization framework, called CP-ORTHO, to discover distinct and easily-interpretable patterns from multi-modal, spatio-temporal data. We evaluate our approach on real data reflecting taxi drop-off activity. CP-ORTHO provides more distinct and interpretable patterns than prior art, as measured via relevant quantitative metrics, without compromising the solution's accuracy. We observe that CP-ORTHO is fast, in that it achieves this result in 5x less time than the most accurate competing approach.
Treatment of Depression in CKD Patients with an SSRI: Why Things Don’t Always Turn Out as You Expect

An extensive literature has been developed over the last four decades regarding the associations of a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and extent of depressive symptoms with outcomes in patients with ESKD ([1][1]). The field has moved from descriptive studies and analyses evaluating
Challenging Colonial Forced Labor? Resistance, Resilience, and Power in Senegal (1920s–1940s)

Based on the combination of colonial archives and the analysis of several complaints published in Senegalese newspapers, this article sheds light on the daily compulsory reality experienced by local populations with regards to forced labor in colonial Senegal (1920s–1940s). In contrast to analyses approaching forced labor systems through the study of colonial bureaucratic routines, this article studies the reactions of local populations and the consequences for colonial labor policies. I introduce the notion of resilience in order to overcome the pitfalls of the resistance paradigm and bring new insight into attitudes of distance, refusal, and adaptation used by local populations as methods to “absorb the shock” of everyday colonial coercion. More broadly, this analysis leads us to interrogate the limits and fragility of the colonial enterprise, recalling that the colonial state was not an almighty administration and that it was, above all, based on abiding adaptations and empirical decisions.
Les of Flow Over a Square Cylinder

In the present study we have performed LES of flow over a square cylinder at a Reynolds number of 21,400. Several calculations with progressive improvements in numerical accuracy and grid resolution have been conducted, and the results from one of these are included in the test case exercise.
A Coupled Riverine-Marine Fractionation Model for Dissolved Rare Earths and Yttrium

Fractionation of yttrium (Y) and the rare earth elements (REEs) begins in riverine systems and continues in estuaries and the ocean. Models of yttrium and rare earth (YREE) distributions in seawater must therefore consider the fractionation of these elements in both marine and riverine systems. In this work we develop a coupled riverine/marine fractionation model for dissolved rare earths and yttrium, and apply this model to calculations of marine YREE fractionation for a simple two-box (riverine/marine) geochemical system. Shale-normalized YREE concentrations in seawater can be expressed in terms of fractionation factors (λ ij ) appropriate to riverine environments (\(\lambda _{ij}^{river}\)) and seawater (\(\lambda _{ij}^{ocean}\)):
Crystal structure and physical characterization of neotame methanol solvate

The crystal structure of the methanol solvate (empirical formula: 2C20H30N2O5·3CH3OH) of a new dipeptide sweetener, neotame (N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester), has been determined. Crystal data: a = 9.8989(1), b = 18.1331(1), c = 27.5725(1) A, orthorhombic, space group P212121, with Z = 4. Each unit cell includes 8 neotame and 12 methanol molecules. Disorder exists in one neotame molecule and one methanol molecule. The crystals were characterized by the following techniques: hot-stage microscopy (HSM), Karl-Fischer titrimetry (KFT), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy. Under HSM at a heating rate of 10°C/min in silicone oil, the sample melts at 64–84°C and liberates bubbles at 71–86°C. DSC in open pans shows two overlapping endotherms at 56 and 71°C, probably due to melting and desolvation, respectively. TGA in open pans shows 5.9% weight loss due to desolvation below 70°C. Under house vacuum (23 mm Hg) over phosphorus pentoxide at 23°C, the methanol solvate produces pure amorphous anhydrate, which converts to crystalline neotame monohydrate in the presence of moisture.
Why Did My Detector Do That

A major challenge in anomaly-detection studies lies in identifying the myriad factors that influence error rates. In keystroke dynamics, where detectors distinguish the typing rhythms of genuine users and impostors, influential factors may include the algorithm itself, amount of training, choice of features, use of updating, impostor practice, and typist-to-typist variation.
Impacts on Vehicle Occupancy and Airport Curb Congestion of Transportation Network Companies at Airports

How does the growth of transportation network companies (TNCs) at airports affect the use of shared modes and congestion? Using data from the 2015 passenger survey from Los Angeles International Ai...
Taking a knee: Perceptions of NFL player protests during the National Anthem

Abstract We examined the influence of individual differences in the propensity to make attributions to prejudice (PMAP) and adherence to masculine honor beliefs (MHBs) on perceptions of NFL players who protested during the National Anthem. Those higher in adherence to MHBs perceived protests as inappropriate, and a Black player as more disrespectful when he took a knee, while those higher in PMAP perceived protests as appropriate, and a White player as more disrespectful when he stood. Additionally, those higher in MHBs were less likely to express endorsement that police violence against racial minorities is a current social issue, while those higher in PMAP expressed greater endorsement. Our findings indicate adherence to MHBs and PMAP influence perceptions of the NFL protests, which may influence public reactions to social and political movements. This in turn may influence institutional, political, and social policies, leading to broader social impacts regarding racial inequality.
The High Cost of Child Support in Rape Cases: Finding an Evidentiary Standard To Protect Mother and Child from Welfare’s Cooperation Requirement

Indigent single parents who turn to welfare for financial support must cooperate with their state’s child support enforcement requirements before receiving some or all of their benefits. Single parents are required to provide information about the absent parent because states use the information to pursue the absent parent for child support. While child support helps reduce poverty and increase parental emotional support for children, it can also be very dangerous for some single mothers. The good cause exception exempts parents from child support enforcement when it would be contrary to the “best interests of the child.” Mothers and children who would be physically endangered by contact with the absent father can therefore demonstrate good cause by proving dangerous circumstances, such as those where the child was conceived through rape. But evidentiary standards requiring official or third-party corroboration to satisfy good cause can impose a heavy burden on women who gave birth to a child conceived during rape. Rape is overwhelmingly unreported, and women often hide their rape from friends and family for fear of social stigma. This makes the third-party corroboration requirement more burdensome for rape victims. Evidentiary standards to satisfy good cause vary by state. All states accept official documentation, often in the form of records from birth certificates and documentation from medical professionals or law enforcement. The majority of states provide that sworn statements of third parties with knowledge of the circumstances leading to good cause may substantiate the claim. A minority of states, however, articulate polarized approaches, outlining either a more achievable “permissive” approach, or requiring more demanding “restrictive” standards. The minority permissive approach allows for both third-party statements and applicant corroboration, while the minority restrictive approach will not accept
Identification of histological features to predict MUC2 expression in colon cancer tissues

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common form of cancer among Americans. Like normal colon tissue, CRC cells are sustained by a subpopulation of “stem cells” that possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into more specialized cancer cell types. In normal colon tissue, the enterocytes, goblet cells and other epithelial cells in the mucosa region have distinct morphologies that distinguish them from the other cells in the lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, and submucosa. However, in a tumor, the morphology of the cancer cells varies dramatically. Cancer cells that express genes specific to goblet cells significantly differ in shape and size compared to their normal counterparts. Even though a large number of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections and the corresponding RNA sequencing (RNASeq) data from CRC are available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), prediction of gene expression patterns from tissue histological features has not been attempted yet. In this manuscript, we identified histological features that are strongly associated with MUC2 expression patterns in a tumor. Specifically, we show that large nuclear area is associated with MUC2-high tumors (p < 0.001). This discovery provides insight into cancer biology and tumor histology and demonstrates that it may be possible to predict certain gene expressions from histological features.
Replacement Migration: A Questionable Tactic for Delaying the Inevitable Effects of Fertility Transition

This article critiques a recent U.N. Population Division report, Replacement Migration: Is it a Solution to Declining and Ageing Populations? The report explores the use of increased immigration to bolster future population size and change age distribution patterns in a group of developed countries. Fertility rate declines and lengthening life expectancies associated with demographic transition inevitably yield an aging population and a falling potential support ratio (PSR), a situation which some demographers and economists view with alarm. As the U.N. report itself suggests, replacement migration can only temporarily delay population aging and decline. These issues are ultimately better addressed through changes in retirement policy. Population projections should be used only with great caution in designing long-term demographic policy. In particular, some assumptions used to make the U.N. projections are questionable, and even minor changes in those assumptions would yield substantially different policy conclusions. Replacement migration also raises difficult environmental questions by moving large numbers of people from low to high per-capita consumption nations. Modest population decline, particularly in more developed countries, may have significant local and global environmental and climate policy benefits.
Hurt feelings? You could take a pain reliever...

UNLABELLED THE FINDING: Daily doses of acetaminophen alleviate hurt feelings and reduce neural activity related to the pain of social rejection. THE RESEARCH The University of Kentucky's C. Nathan DeWall asked 62 undergraduates to take 1,ooo milligrams of acetaminophen or a placebo for three weeks. Each evening they recorded how much social pain they'd felt that day. The hurt feelings of those who took acetaminophen decreased significantly over time; people who took the placebo showed no change. In a related study, functional MRIs showed that people who had taken acetaminophen also had less activity in the brain regions that respond to emotional pain. THE CHALLENGE: Aren't mental and physical pain entirely different? Can over-the-counter analgesics improve your emotional state if, say, you get fired?
Crystal structures of the naturally fused CS and cytochrome b5reductase (b5R) domains of Ncb5or reveal an expanded CS fold, extensive CS-b5R interactions and productive binding of the NAD(P)+nicotinamide ring.

Ncb5or (NADH-cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase), a cytosolic ferric reductase implicated in diabetes and neurological diseases, comprises three distinct domains, cytochrome b5 (b5) and cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) domains separated by a CHORD-Sgt1 (CS) domain, and a novel 50-residue N-terminal region. Understanding how interdomain interactions in Ncb5or facilitate the shuttling of electrons from NAD(P)H to heme, and how the process compares with the microsomal b5 (Cyb5A) and b5R (Cyb5R3) system, is of interest. A high-resolution structure of the b5 domain (PDB entry 3lf5) has previously been reported, which exhibits substantial differences in comparison to Cyb5A. The structural characterization of a construct comprising the naturally fused CS and b5R domains with bound FAD and NAD+ (PDB entry 6mv1) or NADP+ (PDB entry 6mv2) is now reported. The structures reveal that the linker between the CS and b5R cores is more ordered than predicted, with much of it extending the β-sandwich motif of the CS domain. This limits the flexibility between the two domains, which recognize one another via a short β-sheet motif and a network of conserved side-chain hydrogen bonds, salt bridges and cation-π interactions. Notable differences in FAD-protein interactions in Ncb5or and Cyb5R3 provide insight into the selectivity for docking of their respective b5 redox partners. The structures also afford a structural explanation for the unusual ability of Ncb5or to utilize both NADH and NADPH, and represent the first examples of native, fully oxidized b5R family members in which the nicotinamide ring of NAD(P)+ resides in the active site. Finally, the structures, together with sequence alignments, show that the b5R domain is more closely related to single-domain Cyb5R proteins from plants, fungi and some protists than to Cyb5R3 from animals.
Minimum-Time Measurement of Open Circuit Voltage of Battery Systems

Open circuit voltage (OCV) is an important parameter of a battery model. In order to provide accurate state estimation and control command, the battery model parameters have to be calibrated regularly when the battery ages or the model prediction deviates from the data. In this study, an innovative method is developed to reduce the total testing time for taking incremental OCV measurements. In the traditional incremental OCV measurement, the relaxation period is the most time-consuming step waiting until the slow time constant of diffusion dynamics reaches equilibrium. Here, an optimal control problem is formulated to find the minimum-time current profile such that it brings the voltage across the double RC pairs to equilibrium and the initial SOC to target SOC while satisfying the state and input constraints. It is shown by both simulation and experiment that the proposed minimum-time current profile can reduce the total testing time by 69 %.
Heterogeneous dispersions as microcontinuum fluids

We present a non-local ‘microcontinuum’ constitutive equation describing particle suspensions undergoing heterogeneous flows in the low Stokes and particle Reynolds number regime. Most prior models rely on mesoscale averages of structural dynamics that smear out non-local effects or otherwise place strong restrictions on flow type. We relieve this restriction here by ensemble averaging the exact equations that govern the suspension at the microscale, thereby obtaining explicit structure-property connections. The result is a pointwise, heterogeneous ensemble average of the suspension stress valid for suspended particles of arbitrary shape, size, composition and concentration, as well as arbitrary sources of heterogeneity, including non-uniform shear fields, heterogeneous force fields or spatially varying volume fractions. This non-local model accounts for spatial and temporal variations in the flow structure over arbitrary length and time scales. We express the microcontinuum constitutive equation as a superposition of gradient operators that automatically accounts for flow heterogeneity over any length scale larger than the particle size. Batchelor’s result for a homogeneous suspension is recovered in the limit of zero gradients; non-zero gradient terms provide non-local corrections to the average stress and account for statistical heterogeneity in the suspension. We utilize energy methods to compute the influence of these gradient operators on the pointwise-averaged stress tensor, revealing a deep connection to the microhydrodynamics formalism. We apply this general framework to a dilute suspension of spherical particles and show that the resultant constitutive equations are consistent with experimental observations.
Co-targeting PI3K and ras pathways in trastuzumab resistance.

e13515 Background: HER2+ breast cancers (BC) account for 20–25% of invasive BC and are associated with an aggressive phenotype and poor patient outcome. The development of trastuzumab and other HER...
Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis of paramyxoviruses reveals constraints on genomic plasticity: implications for vaccine and gene therapy

The antigenic and genomic stability of paramyxoviruses remains a mystery. Here, we evaluate the genetic plasticity of Sendai virus (SeV) and mumps virus (MuV), sialic acid-using paramyxoviruses that infect mammals from two Paramyxoviridae subfamilies (Orthoparamyxovirinae and Rubulavirinae). We performed saturating whole-genome transposon insertional mutagenesis, and identified important commonalities: disordered regions in the N and P genes near the 39 genomic end were more tolerant to insertional disruptions; but the envelope glycoproteins were not, highlighting structural constraints that contribute to the restricted antigenic drift in paramyxoviruses. Nonetheless, when we applied our strategy to a fusion-defective Newcastle disease virus (Avulavirinae subfamily), we could select for F-revertants and other insertants in the 59 end of the genome. Our genome-wide interrogation of representative paramyxovirus genomes from all three Paramyxoviridae subfamilies provides a family-wide context in which to explore specific variations within and among paramyxovirus genera and species.
Dynamic computational optical fringe mitigation in tunable laser absorption spectroscopy.

In optical spectroscopic systems where unwanted optical scattering cannot be eliminated, Fabry-Perot etalons cause unpredictable changes in the spectral background. Frequent system calibration is then required to maintain the desired measurement accuracy, which presents a major limitation to the spectrometer. We introduce a computational approach to mitigate the adverse effects of optical fringing without hardware modifications. Motivated by experimental observations of complicated fringe behaviors, we simplify the problem by decomposing the fringe background into component etalons that can be addressed according to their individual characteristics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on a silicon photonic methane sensor, where accurate measurements of methane concentration are obtained from spectral data strongly affected by optical fringes.
Near-Sensor Inference Architecture with Region Aware Processing

Convolutional Neural Networks have been adopted in a wide range of vision-based application domains in recent times, due to their success in enabling ubiquitous machine vision and intelligent decisions. However, the overwhelming computation demand of the convolution operations has somewhat limited their use in resource-constrained embedded platforms. This paper presents a pixel processing architecture to facilitate CNN inference near the image sensor. The architecture exploits the high bandwidth available at the sensor interface and incorporates an array of pixel processors to perform inference directly on the sensor device. The proposed design addresses problems related to the mapping of computations onto an array of pixel processors and introduces a suitable network structure for communication. The pixel processors are highly optimized to provide low latency and power for CNN applications. While designing the pixel processors, we focused on reducing redundancies using the concepts of biological vision systems. We prototype the model in a Virtex UltraScale FPGA and implement it in ASIC using the TSMC 90nm technology library. The results suggest that the proposed architecture significantly reduces dynamic power consumption and achieves high-speed up surpassing the computational capabilities of existing embedded processors.
Education for Sustainability: Development and Application of I3EADC Framework for Sustainable Apparel Design Curriculum

The purpose of this study is to explore the utilization of an evidence-based model, Inform, Engage, Empower, and Embed (I3E) (Cebrian, 2018) to develop a sustainable apparel design educational framework for implementation in higher education. This research examines the effect of the proposed model (I3EADC) in apparel design courses from two different locations: Pacific Northwest and Midwest. The research findings contribute to the effectiveness of the proposed sustainable design process framework of I3E Apparel Design Curriculum (I3EADC) model. The results of the study have implications for educational professionals, particularly in the context of teaching social responsibility and the sustainable apparel design process. This presentation includes discussions of in-depth processes involve in the four stages of the model, the use of an upcycling design project, assessments of student learning, and embedding of modules and future research development.
Authenticity, engagement, and performance in online high school courses: Insights from micro-interactional data

Abstract Increased reliance on online course-taking in high school may have a negative impact on educational opportunity gaps by exposing students belonging to marginalized subgroups to a pedagogy of poverty. Employing a mixed method design, I documented the prevalence and form of authentic work in asynchronous, vendor-developed online courses used primarily for credit-recovery in a large, urban school district serving a predominately low-income, minoritized student body. Rather than facilitating higher-order thinking and providing real-world relevance, lessons most often required students to recite information. However, through qualitative analysis, I identified that some types of authentic work were feasible within the asynchronous online course structure through the integration of student-directed research, writing-based tasks, and interactive assignments. The identification of only small magnitude associations with achievement indicates that authentic work should be viewed less in terms of closing the achievement gap and more as necessary to remedy the opportunity gap. Findings identify instructional practices likely to improve the authenticity, rigor, and relevance of students’ educational experiences online.
Virtual kindergarten readiness programming for preschool-aged children: Feasibility, social validity, and preliminary impacts

ABSTRACT Research Findings: The global COVID-19 pandemic prevented the implementation of in-person summer learning programs designed to improve school readiness for entering kindergartners Thus, we conducted the current study examining the feasibility, social validity, and preliminary impacts of a virtual summer learning program Ninety-one preschoolers and their caregivers participated in a 4-week program involving one weekly teacher-caregiver meeting, two weekly Watch Together home learning activities, two weekly Play Together home learning activities, one or two weekly Read Together home learning activities, and one or two weekly teacher-child video chat lessons Recruitment and participation indicated high levels of interest Caregivers reported high levels of satisfaction with the program and teachers reported moderate to high levels of child engagement during video chat lessons Children showed significant gains on emotion knowledge, patterning, and alphabet knowledge Practice or Policy: This study demonstrates the promise of a virtual kindergarten readiness program and suggests that the combination of educational media and video chat instruction may be effective for promoting children's skills A virtual intervention could be beneficial in other contexts, such as in rural areas where it would be challenging for families to participate in an in-person program or for immunocompromised or seriously ill children who are unable to attend in person (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
A Phenomenological Study of COVID-19's Impact on U.S. Nursing Personnel.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed the New York City area upon its arrival in the United States. Hospitals were unprepared to handle the influx of patients.MethodsThis study explored nurse...