cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The integration of students with severe or profound disabilities from segregated schools into regular public schools: An analysis of changes in parent perceptions

Parents of children with severe or profound disabilities who had been served in segregated school settings in Kentucky were interviewed prior to and following the placement of their children in integrated school settings. Using the questionnaire developed by McDonnell (1987) as a basis for the interviews, the parents were asked to predict and later to report mistreatment by nondisabled peers, isolation within the school, and loss of services. In addition, they were asked to rate their satisfaction with the segregated versus the integrated program. The results indicate that parents' perceptions of integration change when their children are placed in integrated school settings. While the change was positive for the most part in the present study, results indicate that the type of change is dependent on the quality of the program and that integration along does not ensure program quality.
Low-Cut Shirts and High-Heeled Shoes: Increased Sexualization Across Time in Magazine Depictions of Girls

Theory and past research predict an increase in the sexualization of girls in United States culture. We used content analysis to examine change in the number of sexualizing characteristics (e.g., low cut shirts, high-heeled shoes) and childlike characteristics (e.g., polka-dot print, Mary-Jane style shoes) present in depictions of girls across time in the magazines Seventeen (N = 1649 images from issues in selected issues from 1971 through 2011) and Girls’ Life (N = 763 images from selected issues from 1994 to 2011). One-way ANOVAS revealed increases in the total number of sexualizing characteristics across time in both magazines. In particular, depictions of low-cut tops and tight fitting clothing increased in both magazines. There was also a decrease in the number of childlike characteristics in Girls’ Life across time. Possible reasons for increased sexualization as well as possible consequences are discussed.
Pulsating Metastatic Tumor of the Orbit

A 47-year-old white man in apparent good health had diplopia and swelling of the right upper eyelid. Ocular examination showed proptosis of the right eye, together with a large, pulsatile, collapsible mass simulating a vascular neoplasm and involving the right temple as well as the right upper outer quadrant of the orbit. Biopsy of the orbital tumor disclosed a clear-cell carcinoma compatible with a renal primary tumor; subsequent laboratory examination revealed the offending tumor in the left kidney. Renal carcinomas may metastasize to the globe or to the orbit before the primary tumor is recognized. Pulsatile exophthalmos acquired in middle life associated with significant bone destruction represents a constellation of findings most consistent with a metastatic tumor, probably renal carcinoma, caused by the exceedingly rich vascularization of these metastatic deposits.
THE TRIBE IDOPOMPILINI IN AUSTRALIA (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE)

The tribe Idopompilini, based originally on several African genera, is reported from Australia for the first time. It is represented by Idiaporina gen. n., with two species, I. Canberra sp. n. (Australian Capital Territory) and I. pitjantjara sp. n. (northern South Australia).
INSPIRED computing academies for middle school students: lessons learned

If we are to attract more women and minorities to computing we must engage students at an early age. As part of its mission to increase participation of women and underrepresented minorities in computing, the Increasing Student Participation in Research Development Program (INSPIRED) conducts computing academies for middle school students. University students from underrepresented groups organize, coordinate, and present the instructional materials. This not only provides role models for the kids but also helps develop the skills of the university students and thus aids in their retention. This paper describes the organization, coordination, content and assessment of the academies. Lessons learned are presented for the benefit of those who are considering adopting this practice at their institutions.
Malignant mesothelioma with brain metastases

Although malignant mesothelioma is known to spread hematogenously, brain metastases are rare. In the patient presented herein, multiple unilateral symptomatic central nervous system metastases developed that were diagnosed by computed tomography and documented at autopsy. Since malignant mesothelioma is occurring more frequently in the population at risk (asbestos workers), this complication may be observed more commonly in the future.
A computational form for finding the integral solutions to a system of linear equations

Abstract An algorithm is given for constructing the generalized integer inverse of a matrix. This generalized integer inverse can be used to obtain all the integer solutions of a system of linear equations.
Nonlinear attenuation of S-waves and Love waves within ambient rock

We obtain scaling relationships for nonlinear attenuation of S-waves and Love waves within sedimentary basins to assist numerical modeling. These relationships constrain the past peak ground velocity (PGV) of strong 3–4 s Love waves from San Andreas events within Greater Los Angeles, as well as the maximum PGV of future waves that can propagate without strong nonlinear attenuation. During each event, the shaking episode cracks the stiff, shallow rock. Over multiple events, this repeated damage in the upper few hundred meters leads to self-organization of the shear modulus. Dynamic strain is PGV divided by phase velocity, and dynamic stress is strain times the shear modulus. The frictional yield stress is proportional to depth times the effective coefficient of friction. At the eventual quasi-steady self-organized state, the shear modulus increases linearly with depth allowing inference of past typical PGV where rock over the damaged depth range barely reaches frictional failure. Still greater future PGV would cause frictional failure throughout the damaged zone, nonlinearly attenuating the wave. Assuming self-organization has taken place, estimated maximum past PGV within Greater Los Angeles Basins is 0.4–2.6 m s−1. The upper part of this range includes regions of accumulating sediments with low S-wave velocity that may have not yet compacted, rather than having been damaged by strong shaking. Published numerical models indicate that strong Love waves from the San Andreas Fault pass through Whittier Narrows. Within this corridor, deep drawdown of the water table from its currently shallow and preindustrial levels would nearly double PGV of Love waves reaching Downtown Los Angeles.
Differential equation for the spherical dipole matrix elements of hydrogen.

A differential equation in l for hydrogenic radial dipole matrix elements is generated from the recursion relations of Infeld and Hull [Rev. Mod. Phys. 23, 31 (1951)]. The equation is valid for all (n,n')\ensuremath{\gg}1, for all \ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\Delta}n\ensuremath{\Vert}ieq\ensuremath{\Vert}n'-n\ensuremath{\Vert}, and for bound-free transitions from excited states. Approximate solutions are obtained for the case l\ensuremath{\ll}n and are found to be equivalent to those of other workers when \ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\Delta}n\ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\gg}1. We also present a power-series solution in l good for all \ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\Delta}n\ensuremath{\Vert}. General features of the dependence of the matrix elements on l are explained.
Properties of amorphous and crystalline titanium dioxide from first principles

We used first-principles methods to generate amorphous TiO2 (a-TiO2) models and our simulations lead to chemically ordered amorphous networks. We analyzed the structural, electronic, and optical properties of the resulting structures and compared with crystalline phases. We propose that two peaks found in the Ti–Ti pair correlation correspond to edge-sharing and corner-sharing Ti–Ti pairs. Resulting coordination numbers for Ti (∼6) and O (∼3) and the corresponding angle distributions suggest that local structural features of bulk crystalline TiO2 are retained in a-TiO2. The electronic density of states and the inverse participation ratio reveal that highly localized tail states at the valence band edge are due to the displacement of O atoms from the plane containing three neighboring Ti atoms; whereas, the tail states at the conduction band edge are localized on over-coordinated Ti atoms. The $$\Upgamma$$ -point electronic gap of ∼2.2 eV is comparable to calculated results for bulk crystalline TiO2 despite the presence of topological disorder in the amorphous network. The calculated dielectric functions suggest that the amorphous phase of TiO2 has isotropic optical properties in contrast to those of tetragonal rutile and anatase phases. The average static dielectric constant and the fundamental absorption edge for a-TiO2 are comparable to those of the crystalline phases.
Westmere: A family of 32nm IA processors

The Westmere processor is implemented on a high-к metal-gate 32nm process technology [1] as a compaction of the Nehalem processor family [2]. Figure 5.1.1 shows the 6-core dual-socket server processor and the 2-core single-socket processor for mainstream client. This paper focuses on innovations and circuit optimizations made to the 6-core processor. The 6-core design has 1.17B transistors including the 12MB shared L3 Cache and fits in approximately the same die area as its 45nm 4-core 8MB-L3-cache Nehalem counterpart. The core supports new instructions for accelerating encryption/decryption algorithms, speeds up performance under virtualized environments, and contains a host of other targeted performance features.
On the Cohomology of the Finite Chevalley Groups

Abstract Let G be a group of Lie type, let K be an algebraically closed field, and let V be a faithful irreducible KG module. The aim of this paper is to provide bounds for dim H 1 ( G , V ) as a function of dim V .
Design, fabrication and testing of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MEMS parallel kinematics XY stage

This paper presents the design, kinematics, fabrication and characterization of a monolithic micro positioning two degree-of-freedom translational (XY) stage. The design of the proposed MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) stage is based on a parallel kinematics mechanism (PKM). The stage is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. The PKM design decouples the motion in the XY directions. The design restricts rotations in the XY plane while allowing for an increased motion range and produces linear kinematics in the operating region (or workspace) of the stage. The truss-like structure of the PKM also results in increased stiffness by reducing the mass of the stage. The stage is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer using surface micromachining and a deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process. Two sets of electrostatic linear comb drives are used to actuate the stage mechanism in the X and Y directions. The fabricated stage provides a motion range of more than 15 µm in each direction at a driving voltage of 45 V. The resonant frequency of the stage under ambient conditions is 960 Hz. A high Q factor (~100) is achieved from this parallel kinematics mechanism design.
Differential tolerance to dietary amino acid-induced changes in aggressive behavior and locomotor activity in mice.

Male albino mice were maintained on a semisynthetic 12% casein protein diet for 2 weeks, then switched to diets modified by the addition of a 4% L-amino acid supplement (L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tryptophan) or 4% casein (control). Territorial-induced aggressive behavior increased following 1 week on the amino acid supplements, especially after tyrosine, but an apparent tolerance developed to these effects after 5 weeks on the amino acid supplements. Locomotor activity also increased following 1 week on the supplements, most notably after phenylalanine alone or in combination with tyrosine, and these effects tended to persist after 5 weeks on the supplements. Endogenous whole brain levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan showed no tolerance to increased concentrations of brain catecholamines and indoleamines over the 5-week period, and no clear relation between the concentrations of these monoamines and the behavioral changes.
Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism

Quantitative cardiac function assessment remains a challenge for physiologists and clinicians. Although historically invasive methods have comprised the only means available, the development of noninvasive imaging modalities (echocardiography, MRI, CT) having high temporal and spatial resolution provide a new window for quantitative diastolic function assessment. Echocardiography is the agreed upon standard for diastolic function assessment, but indexes in current clinical use merely utilize selected features of chamber dimension (M-mode) or blood/tissue motion (Doppler) waveforms without incorporating the physiologic causal determinants of the motion itself. The recognition that all left ventricles (LV) initiate filling by serving as mechanical suction pumps allows global diastolic function to be assessed based on laws of motion that apply to all chambers. What differentiates one heart from another are the parameters of the equation of motion that governs filling. Accordingly, development of the Parametrized Diastolic Filling (PDF) formalism has shown that the entire range of clinically observed early transmitral flow (Doppler E-wave) patterns are extremely well fit by the laws of damped oscillatory motion. This permits analysis of individual E-waves in accordance with a causal mechanism (recoil-initiated suction) that yields three (numerically) unique lumped parameters whose physiologic analogues are chamber stiffness (k), viscoelasticity/relaxation (c), and load (xo). The recording of transmitral flow (Doppler E-waves) is standard practice in clinical cardiology and, therefore, the echocardiographic recording method is only briefly reviewed. Our focus is on determination of the PDF parameters from routinely recorded E-wave data. As the highlighted results indicate, once the PDF parameters have been obtained from a suitable number of load varying E-waves, the investigator is free to use the parameters or construct indexes from the parameters (such as stored energy 1/2kxo2, maximum A-V pressure gradient kxo, load independent index of diastolic function, etc.) and select the aspect of physiology or pathophysiology to be quantified.
Sloppy-Model Universality Class and the Vandermonde Matrix

In a variety of contexts, physicists study complex, nonlinear models with many unknown or tunable parameters to explain experimental data. We explain why such systems so often are sloppy: the system behavior depends only on a few ‘‘stiff’’ combinations of the parameters and is unchanged as other ‘‘sloppy’’ parameter combinations vary by orders of magnitude. We observe that the eigenvalue spectra for the sensitivity of sloppy models have a striking, characteristic form with a density of logarithms of eigenvalues which is roughly constant over a large range. We suggest that the common features of sloppy models indicate that they may belong to a common universality class. In particular, we motivate focusing on a Vandermonde ensemble of multiparameter nonlinear models and show in one limit that they exhibit the universal features of sloppy models.
Calibration of a two-photon coincidence experiment using 133Ba

Abstract The measurement of the cross section for electron or photon-induced two-photon emission processes using a coincidence technique requires the determination of the efficiency-solid angle product for the two detectors. Since geometries for accelerator setups are usually quite complicated, the most accurate way to determine this product is by measuring a well-known two-photon process. A calibrated 133Ba radioactive source is well suited for calibrating a coincidence system because it produces a high rate of coincident photons over a wide energy range from 31 to 384 keV. In this paper (K X-ray, γ-ray) coincidence probabilities for 133Ba decay are computed from the available nuclear and atomic data.
Correlates of intake of folic acid-containing supplements among pregnant women.

Objective This study describes the timing and correlates of folic acid supplement intake among pregnant women. Study design Data from 2518 women with estimated delivery dates from 1997 to 2000, collected for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based case-control study, were analyzed. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify correlates of supplement intake. Results Fifty-three percent of women began taking folic acid supplement during the periconceptional period, 35% during early pregnancy, and 8% during late pregnancy (ie, 3 months before through 1 month after conception, 2-3 months after conception, or more than 3 months after conception, respectively). Women who did not take folic acid supplement periconceptionally tended to be nonwhite, speak Spanish, have low education, be younger than 25 years old, be nulliparous, smoke, have no previous miscarriage and no fertility treatments, begin prenatal care and become aware of their pregnancy after the first trimester, have nonplanned pregnancies, and eat less breakfast cereal. Conclusion This study identifies correlates of folic acid supplement intake, which may contribute to the design of interventions to improve intake during early pregnancy.
No Anti-Hormones Against Estrin.∗:

ConclusionsWe conclude that the results obtained according to the method used do not indicate the formation of any anti-hormone against estrin.
Bacterial Quorum Sensing Molecule N-3-Oxo-Dodecanoyl-L-Homoserine Lactone Causes Direct Cytotoxicity and Reduced Cell Motility in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells

In spite of chemotherapeutic and surgical advances, pancreatic cancer continues to have a dismal prognosis. Metastasis due to tumor cell migration remains the most critical challenge in treating pancreatic cancer, and conventional chemotherapy is rarely curative. In the quest for more novel molecules to fight this disease, we tested the hypothesis that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signal molecule N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (O-DDHSL) would be cytotoxic to and reduce mobility of pancreatic carcinoma cells (Panc-1 and Aspc-1). Results showed a decrease in cell viability from apoptosis, diminished colony formation, and inhibition of migration of the evaluated pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Also, cell viability decreased in the presence of O-DDHSL when cells were grown in matrigel basement membrane matrix. While messenger RNA for IQGAP-1 decreased in Panc-1 and HPDE cells upon exposure to O-DDHSL, no change was observed in Aspc-1 cells. Cofilin mRNA expression was found to be increased in both HPDE and Panc-1 cells with marginal decrease in Aspc-1 cells. RhoC, a Rho-family GTPase involved in cell motility, increased in the presence of O-DDHSL, suggesting a possible compensatory response to alteration in other migration associated genes. Our results indicate that O-DDHSL could be an effective biomolecule in eukaryotic systems with multimodal function for essential molecular targeting in pancreatic cancer.
Preoperative dietary counseling does not improve outcome and increases drop-out rates in patients considering gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity

Purpose: Preoperative dietary counseling (PDC) before bariatric surgery is mandated by a growing number of insurance payers. Their claim is that PDC improves the outcomes and postoperative compliance. Methods: We compared the outcomes of gastric bypass (GB) patients undergoing a mandatory 6 months of PDC (n 72) with a contemporaneous group of patients with no such requirements (No-PDC, n 252) who underwent surgery between January 2000 and December 2002. Results: The PDC and No-PDC groups were characterized by a similar male/female ratio (1:4 vs. 1:4.6), age (mean 42 years), mean body weight (324 vs. 309 lb), and body mass index (52 vs. 50 kg/m). The PDC group had a greater incidence of obstructive sleep apnea compared with the No-PDC group (41% vs. 28%, p 0.04) but otherwise had a similar incidence of obesityrelated comorbidities. The preoperative drop-out rate was 50% greater in the PDC group than in No-PDC group (26% vs. 17%, p 0.05). At 1 year of follow-up, the No-PDC group had a statistically greater percentage of excess weight loss (67% vs. 60%, p 0.0001), lower BMI (32 vs. 35 kg/m, p 0.015), and lower body weight (197 vs. 218 lb, p 0.01). Resolution of major comorbidities, complication rates, 30-day postoperative mortality, and postoperative compliance with follow-up were similar in both groups. Conclusions: These data have demonstrated that mandatory PDC is an obstacle to patient access for surgical treatment of severe obesity that demonstrates no impact on weight loss outcome or postoperative compliance. PDC should be abandoned by the insurance industry. PII: S1550-7289(05)00125-5
Tumor cytotoxicity of 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and its corresponding gold(III) complex

A gold(III) complex possessing 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (5,6DMP) was synthesized and fully characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques, as well as X-ray crystallography and elemental analysis. The complex [(5,6DMP)AuCl2][BF4] (2) was found to possess a distorted square planar geometry about the gold(III) center, commonplace for d8 Au(III) cations possessing sterically un-hindered polypyridyl ligands. Compound 2 was evaluated for its potential use as an anticancer therapeutic. It was determined that the complex is stable in phosphate buffer over a 24-hour period, thought it does undergo rapid reduction in the presence of equimolar amounts of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid. The DNA binding and in vitro tumor cytotoxicity of the title compound 2 were also determined. It was found to undergo weak and reversible binding to calf thymus DNA, and was more cytotoxic towards a panel of human cancer cell lines than the commonly used chemotherapy agent cisplatin. Cytotoxicity experiments with the free 5,6DMP ligand indicate that the ligand has IC50 values that are slightly lower than those observed for the gold complex (2), and coupled with the fact that the ligand appears to be released from the gold(III) metal center in reducing environments, this suggests the ligand itself may play an important role in the antitumor activity of the parent gold complex.
Constructive Theory of Analytic Functions on a Quasidisk

Let G ⊂ ℂ be an arbitrary quasidisk, and f be analytic in G and continuous on Ḡ. We prove two theorems (direct and inverse) establishing a connection between the rate of polynomial approximation of the function f on the boundary ∂G and its smoothness properties.
The diffusion of CO2, CH4, C2H4, and C3H8 in polyethylene at elevated pressures

Diffusion and solubility coefficients have been determined for the CO/sub 2/-, CH/sub 4/-, C/sub 2/H/sub 4/-, and C/sub 3/H/sub 8/-polyethylene systems at temperatures of 5, 20, and 35/sup 0/C and at gas pressures up to 40 atm. Diffusion coefficients were obtained from rates of gas absorption in polyethylene rods under isothermal-isobaric conditions by means of a new diffusivity apparatus. The concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficients was represented satisfactorily by Fujita's free-volume model, modified for semicrystalline polymers, while the solubility of all the penetrants in polyethylene was within the limit of Henry's law. Semiempirical correlations were found for the free-volume parameters in terms of physicochemical properties of the penetrant gases and the penetrant-polymer systems. These correlations, if confirmed, should permit the prediction of diffusion and permeability coefficients of other gases and of gas mixtures in polyethylene as functions of pressure and temperature.
Reflection of magnetoelastic waves from ferromagnetic surfaces

We present theoretical studies of the reflection of bulk magnetoelastic waves from the surface of a ferromagnet, with magnetization parallel to the surface. The calculations show a pronounced left-to-right asymmetry in the amplitude of the reflected wave. The origin of this asymmetry is in the boundary conditions which when applied to surface magnetoelastic waves theory lead to nonreciprocal dispersion relations. The frequency dependence of the reflectivity is studied here, for particular selected geometries which exhibit the left-to-right asymmetry.
Sedimentary biogeochemistry of an acidic, saline groundwater discharge zone in Lake Tyrrell, Victoria, Australia

Abstract The chemical composition of saline, acidic pore waters at a groundwater discharge zone were investigated to delineate the biogeochemical conditions which occur within this zone. The discharge area was a surface exposure of a subsurface gradient where regional groundwaters of low pH and salinities similar to seawater were mixing with anoxic, sulfidic brines which were refluxing after evaporation within the lake. Shallow pore-water samples collected along transects from the lake edge into the lake revealed large increases in nitrate and iron and small increases in manganese. Ratios of sulfate to chloride near the shore were similar to those found in seawater while ratios increased further into the lake. The mixing of the regional groundwaters with the reflux brines apparently resulted in nitrification, sulfur oxidation and iron reduction. The sulfide in the brines appeared to have been generated at some remote location, probably on the eastern side of the lake where neutral and saline groundwaters discharge and cyanobacterial mats proliferate. Hence, biogeochemical processes occurring in the western discharge zone were fueled primarily by microbial activities in an area situated a few kilometers away.
In Favor of PGD: The Moral Duty to Avoid Harm Argument

We agree with Malek and Daar (2012) that parents aiming to undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF) and at significant risk of transmitting a serious genetic disease such as autosomal recessive polycys...
Coenocorrelation: gradient analysis of fossil communities and its applications in stratigraphy

Coenocorrelation is the correlation of positions in a stratigraphic sequence with corresponding positions along a paleoenvironmental gradient through gradient analysis of fossil communities. By ordination of community samples, the distribution and abundance of taxa along a depth gradient can be translated into a continuous scale that accurately measures the gradient and thus makes possible analysis of facies change on a continuum. The procedure is tested using data on marine benthic invertebrates along ten time-parallel transects down an Ordovician basin slope (Trenton Group, New York). Reversals between transgression and regression revealed in coenocorrelation curves served nearly as well as bentonite beds in time-correlation of sections. Ordinations gave estimates of depositional strike in close agreement with estimates from physical indicators. Walther's Law of Facies is evidently a more rigorous, quantifiable generalization than it has been revealed to be through classificatory approaches to communities and environments.
Differential Effects of Baseline Macronutrient Preferences on Macronutrient Selection After Galanin, NPY, and an Overnight Fast

Rats display individual patterns of fat and carbohydrate intakes when allowed to self-select among individual macronutrient diets. We investigated whether these individual preferences in macronutrient selection could be modified by an overnight fast or by two orexigenic peptides, galanin and neuropeptide Y (NPY), which may selectively stimulate fat and carbohydrate intake. Rats were grouped by preference based on the ratio of average baseline fat:carbohydrate intake. In counterbalanced tests conducted on separate days, saline, galanin, or NPY was infused into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and 60-min food intake was measured. When the macronutrient intakes were expressed as percent of total caloric intake, galanin administered into the PVN did not increase fat consumption compared to saline injection in either preference group. NPY slightly enhanced the proportion of carbohydrate intake, but only in carbohydrate-preferring rats. When all three feeding stimuli were compared to baseline preferences, the only condition that significantly altered macronutrient selection was an overnight fast, which augmented fat intake. These data demonstrate that baseline preferences for fat or carbohydrate are not significantly modified by galanin or NPY but that an overnight fast increases fat preference.
Quantitative evaluation of the Gibbs theory of the glass transition

Abstract The utility of a reduced parametric plot of glass transition (Tg/Tg∞) versus the reciprocal degree of polymerization ( 10 3 / P ) is reviewed and illustrated for the case of the Gibbs theory of the glass transition. These results show that the number of lattice sites occupied per mer (n) affects Tg more than variations in the fractional free volume at Tg(Vo). Traditionally a variation of the Gibbs theory (n = 1) has been used to explain the P dependence of Tg for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). However, statistical analyses of all available PMMA data sets show that there is an interrelation between n and V0 at the 0.05 level such that many acceptable solutions occur, one of which is at V0 = 0.025 and n = 1.25. Therefore, a unique solution may not be obtained unless a free volume is either (1) assumed as Gibbs and others had routinely done, or, more properly, (2) calculated from the PVT equation of state. In the latter case, however, knowledge of the ratio of hole energy to flex energy (r) is required. With only subjective evaluations previously available, the statistical methodology is presented as an alternative, objective approach to compare Tg data with theory.
Geminal Dicarboxylates as Carbonyl Surrogates for Asymmetric Synthesis. Part I. Asymmetric Addition of Malonate Nucleophiles

Asymmetric alkylations of allylic geminal dicarboxylates with dialkyl malonates have been investigated. The requisite allylic geminal dicarboxylates are prepared in good yields and high isomeric purities by two catalytic methods, ferric chloride-catalyzed addition of acid anhydrides to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and palladium-catalyzed isomerization and addition reactions of propargylic acetates. The complex of palladium(0) and the chiral ligand derived from the diamide of trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and 2-diphenylphosphinobenzoic acid most efficiently catalyzed the asymmetric process to provide allylic carboxylate esters with high ee. By systematic optimization studies, factors affecting the enantioselectivity of the reaction have been probed. In general, higher ee's have been achieved with those conditions which facilitate kinetic capture of the incipient π-allylpalladium intermediate. These conditions also proved effective for achieving high regioselectivities. The minor regioisomeric product was forme...
Motivational Constructs Influencing Undergraduate Students’ Choices to Become Classroom Music Teachers or Music Performers:

The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether any of the six motivational constructs in the expectancy-value model of motivation (i.e., expectancy, ability perceptions, intrinsic interest value, attainment value, social utility value, and cost) would predict whether students intended to have a career teaching classroom music or performing music. Participants included 270 undergraduate students enrolled in music programs at seven major U.S. universities who completed an online questionnaire. Using stepwise multiple regression, the authors documented that attainment value, intrinsic interest value, and expectancy predicted 74% of the variance in whether students intended to choose a career teaching music. They found that expectancy, attainment value, ability perceptions, and intrinsic interest value explained 65% of the variance in whether students intended to choose a career in music performance. Because of the importance of attainment value in predicting students' intentions to teach and the importance of expectancies in predicting their intentions to have a performance career, these two constructs would be obvious choices for teachers and advisors to target if they want to encourage students to pursue these careers.
A skill-based motion planning framework for humanoids

This paper presents a multi-skill motion planner which is able to sequentially synchronize parameterized motion skills in order to achieve humanoid motions exhibiting complex whole-body coordination. The proposed approach integrates sampling-based motion planning in continuous parametric spaces with discrete search over skill choices, selecting the search strategy according to the functional type of each skill being coordinated. As a result, the planner is able to sequence arbitrary motion skills (such as reaching, balance adjustment, stepping, etc) in order to achieve complex motions needed for solving humanoid reaching tasks in realistic environments. The proposed framework is applied to the HOAP-3 humanoid robot and several results are presented.
The transitioning from trials to extended follow-up studies

BACKGROUND Investigators may elect to extend follow-up of participants enrolled in a randomized clinical trial after the trial comes to its planned end. The additional follow-up may be initiated to learn about longer term effects of treatments, including adverse events, costs related to treatment, or for reasons unrelated to treatment such as to observe the natural course of the disease using the established cohort from the trial. PURPOSE We examine transitioning from trials to extended follow-up studies when the goal of additional follow-up is to observe longer term treatment effects. METHODS We conducted a literature search in selected journals from 2000 to 2012 to identify trials that extended follow-up for the purpose of studying longer term treatment effects and extracted information on the operational and logistical issues in the transition. We also draw experience from three trials coordinated by the Johns Hopkins Coordinating Centers that made transitions to extended follow-up: the Alzheimer's Disease Anti-inflammatory Prevention Trial, Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment trial, and Childhood Asthma Management Program. RESULTS Transitions are not uncommon in multicenter clinical trials, even in trials that continued to the planned end of the trial. Transitioning usually necessitates new participant consents. If study infrastructure is not maintained during the transition, participants will be lost and re-establishing the staff and facilities will be costly. Merging data from the trial and follow-up study can be complicated by changes in data collection measures and schedules. LIMITATIONS Our discussion and recommendations are limited to issues that we have experienced in transitions from trials to follow-up studies. DISCUSSION We discuss issues such as maintaining funding, institutional review board and consent requirements, contacting participants, and combining data from the trial and follow-up phases. We conclude with a list of recommendations to facilitate transitions from a trial to an extended follow-up study.
Experimental Validation Data for Computational Fluid Dynamics of Forced Convection on a Vertical Flat Plate

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) validation dataset for turbulent forced convection on a vertical plate is presented. The design of the apparatus is based on recent validation literature and provides a means to simultaneously measure boundary conditions (BCs) and system response quantities (SRQs). All important inflow quantities for Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS). CFD are also measured. Data are acquired at two heating conditions and cover the range 40,000 < Rex < 300,000, 357 < Reδ2 < 813, and 0.02 < Gr/Re2 < 0.232.
Mcg in 2030: new techniques for atomic position determination of immune complexes.

The λ-type light chain dimer from a patient (Mcg) with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis was a pioneer protein for determining the three-dimensional structures of immunoglobulins, understanding the effects of ligand binding, and exploring the use of combinatorial methods to identify novel peptides complementary to protein active sites. Despite 30 years of intense study, there are still unanswered questions about the structure of the Mcg dimer, especially with respect to positions of hydrogen atoms and solvent molecules. In the present report, we describe two techniques that will help define the roles of solvent in ligand interactions and complex formation with this immunoglobulin fragment: (1) introduction of helium as a cryogenic agent during X-ray data collection; and (2) addition of neutron diffraction analyses. These techniques should provide improved resolution, and a more accurate structure of the Mcg dimer. Resolution enhancements of 0.5 A have been achieved in preliminary experiments with cryogenic helium, as compared with the best X-ray diffraction data obtained previously. In the near future, neutron diffraction studies should produce the first hydrogen structure for the Mcg dimer and help elucidate the ligand preferences and amyloidogenic properties of this eminently useful protein. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of atypical ether-linked glycerophospholipid species in macrophages by mass spectrometry

A large scale profiling and analysis of glycerophospholipid species in macrophages has facilitated the identification of several rare and atypical glycerophospholipid species. By using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and comparison of the elution and fragmentation properties of the rare lipids to synthetic standards, we were able to identify an array of ether-linked phosphatidylinositols (PIs), phosphatidic acids, phosphatidylserines (PSs), very long chain phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) as well as phosphatidylthreonines (PTs) and a wide collection of odd carbon fatty acid-containing phospholipids in macrophages. A comprehensive qualitative analysis of glycerophospholipids from different macrophage cells was conducted. During the phospholipid profiling of the macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells, we identified dozens of rare or previously uncharacterized phospholipids, including ether-linked PIs, PSs, and glycerophosphatidic acids, PTs, and PCs and PTs containing very long polyunsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, large numbers of phospholipids containing at least one odd carbon fatty acid were identified. Using the same methodology, we also identified many of the same species of glycerophospholipids in resident peritoneal macrophages, foam cells, and murine bone marrow derived macrophages.
Enhancing neural network functionality with ensemble encoding

The authors discuss ensemble coding, a biologically motivated data representation scheme, which uses multiple receptors with overlapping receptive fields to encode analog inputs to multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks. By generating a distributed representation for input data, ensemble encoding enhances the node connection function for hidden-layer neurons. The added flexibility in constructing nonlinear internal mappings afforded by ensemble encoding is demonstrated through a function approximation example. >
New Isolation Circuits of Compact Impedance-Transforming 3-dB Baluns for Theoretically Perfect Isolation and Matching

New isolation circuits and design equations of compact impedance-transforming 3-dB baluns are suggested for theoretically perfect isolation and perfect matching at all ports. Any balun consists of two impedance transformers, being 180° out of phase, and an isolation circuit. For compactness, the impedance transformers need to be reduced and the isolation circuits should depend on phase delay of the compact impedance transformers. The compact balun with -90° phase delay of the compact impedance transformer is called the compact II-type balun and the one with non -90° phase delay is called the constant voltage-standing-wave-ratio type transmission-line impedance transformer (CVT) balun. Three isolation circuits are derived for the compact II-type baluns and five for the CVT baluns. Using the isolation circuits derived, the two types of compact baluns are fabricated and measured at a design center frequency of 1.5 GHz. The measured results have good agreement with prediction, showing power divisions of -2.9 and -3.3 dB (- 2.8 and -3.25 dB ), phase difference between two output signals of 181.8°(178.5°) , matching performance of -21.8, -31.8, and -33.8 dB ( -24, -22, and - 28 dB), and isolation of better than 40 dB (27 dB) for the compact II-type (CVT) balun.
Microcomputer Data Base Programs in Social Research

Possible data base applications in social research include working with quantitative data files and gathering research information. Social research commonly involves 10 data management activities common to most major mainframe statistical packages. Social researchers using microcomputers may need other solutions for their data management needs. These include writing a program, using a standard spreadsheet, and using a data base manager program. Microcomputers and their data base software can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of information gathering for research projects by easing and improving notetaking and organizing and by providing highly efficient, error-checking tools to assist in entry of research data from many different kinds of sources. Mainframe and minicomputers traditionally have not been used for many of these information gathering activities. For the nearfuture, microcomputer data base managers will continue to serve useful purposes for social researchers, even while they remain no...
Analytic solutions for distortion products in P(i)N photodiodes

In analog communication links, photodiodes generate frequency dependent intermodulation products as a result of space charge saturation. Previous analyses have been restricted to numerical methods. We describe analytic solutions for the distortions to third order.
Functional Genomics with a Comprehensive Library of Transposon Mutants for the Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20

The genomes of sulfate-reducing bacteria remain poorly characterized, largely due to a paucity of experimental data and genetic tools. To meet this challenge, we generated an archived library of 15,477 mapped transposon insertion mutants in the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20. To demonstrate the utility of the individual mutants, we profiled gene expression in mutants of six regulatory genes and used these data, together with 1,313 high-confidence transcription start sites identified by tiling microarrays and transcriptome sequencing (5=RNA-Seq), to update the regulons of Fur and Rex and to confirm the predicted regulons of LysX, PhnF, PerR, and Dde_3000, a histidine kinase. In addition to enabling single mutant investigations, the D. alaskensis G20 transposon mutants also contain DNA bar codes, which enables the pooling and analysis of mutantfitness for thousands of strains simultaneously. Using two pools of mutants that represent insertions in 2,369 unique protein-coding genes, we demonstrate that the hypothetical gene Dde_3007is required for methionine biosynthesis. Using com- parative genomics, we propose that Dde_3007 performs a missing step in methionine biosynthesis by transferring a sulfur group toO-phosphohomoserine to form homocysteine. Additionally, we show that the entire choline utilization cluster is important forfitness in choline sulfate medium, which confirms that a functional microcompartment is required for choline oxidation. Finally, we demonstrate that Dde_3291, a MerR-like transcription factor, is a choline-dependent activator of the choline utiliza- tion cluster. Taken together, our data set and genetic resources provide a foundation for systems-level investigation of a poorly studied group of bacteria of environmental and industrial importance. IMPORTANCE Sulfate-reducing bacteria contribute to global nutrient cycles and are a nuisance for the petroleum industry. De- spite their environmental and industrial significance, the genomes of sulfate-reducing bacteria remain poorly characterized. Here, we describe a genetic approach tofill gaps in our knowledge of sulfate-reducing bacteria. We generated a large collection of archived, transposon mutants in Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20 and used the phenotypes of these mutant strains to infer the func- tion of genes involved in gene regulation, methionine biosynthesis, and choline utilization. Ourfindings and mutant resources will enable systematic investigations into gene function, energy generation, stress response, and metabolism for this important group of bacteria.
Face identification in the near-absence of focal attention

In contrast to artificial geometric shapes, natural scenes and face-gender can be processed even when spatial attention is not fully available. In this study, we investigate whether a finer discrimination, at the level of the individual, is possible in the near-absence of focal attention. Using the paradigm, subjects performed face identification on faces of celebrities and relatively unfamiliar individuals, along with a task that is known to engage spatial attention. We find that face-identification performance is only modestly impaired under dual-task conditions. These results suggest that the visual system is well able to make complex judgments of natural stimuli, even when attention is not fully available.
Integrable model of asynchronous mode-locking

In the mid-1990s, the Ultrafast Optics group at MIT discovered the phenomenon of asynchronous mode-locking using an erbium-doped fiber laser with nonzero dispersion, Kerr nonlinearity, and a phase modulator. The modulator was detuned several kHz from a 1 GHz cavity harmonic. Stable short pulses (1 ps) were observed, but the pulses were found to exhibit oscillatory timing and frequency. As the phase modulation function sweeps by the pulses, they are alternately chirped positively and negatively, and dispersion results in pulse oscillations in time. With small detuning, a soliton could be trapped in the potential well created by the phase modulator. In the asynchronous mode-locking case, the detuning is too great for trapping to occur.
Erythrocytic calmodulin correlates with red cell age.

Summary. Red blood cells from normal persons and from patients with reticulocytosis were tested for their calmodulin content. Elevated calmodulin correlated with high reticulocyte counts, rather than with any specific disorder. The correlation between reticulocyte content and elevated calmodulin was further tested by fractionating the erythrocytes from 12 patients into reticulocyte-rich and reticulocyte-poor fractions. In the samples from each patient, erythrocytic calmodulin increased with increasing reticulocyte count.
Allocentric versus idiocentric tendencies: Convergent and discriminant validation

Abstract Allocentric tendencies were studied with a multimethod questionnaire and Illinois undergraduates. Nine scales measuring different aspects of allocentrism were shown to have good reliability and to be intercorrelated, thus showing convergent validity. Factor analysis identified three aspects: subordination of personal to group goals, the ingroup as extension of the self, and ingroup identity. The scales also had satisfactory discriminant validity. Those high on idiocentric tendencies used equity and those high in allocentric tendencies used equality and need in distributing rewards. A second study found that those who are allocentric are more likely to emphasize the values of cooperation, equality , and honesty , and those who are idiocentric to emphasize the values of comfortable life, competition, pleasure , and social recognition . Those who were allocentric reported receiving more social support and a better quality of social support; those who were idiocentric were higher in achievement motivation, alienation, anomie, and reported greater loneliness.