cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vitro cytotoxicity of novel pro-apoptotic agent DM-PIT-1 in PEG-PE-based micelles alone and in combination with TRAIL

The purpose of this study was to develope and characterize a micellar formulations of N-{[(2-hydroxy-5- nitrophenyl)amino]carbonothioyl}-3,5-dimethylbenzamide (DM-PIT-1)—a new small molecule non-lipid antagonist of phopshotidylinositol-3.4.5-triphopshate and inhibitor of the PI3-kinase pathway. Micelle-forming PEG2000-PE was used to solubilize DM-PIT-1. To improve the specificity of the micellar DM-PIT-1, cancer-targeting anti-nucleosomal mAb2C5 antibodies as well as Tumor necrosis factor- Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) were attached to the surface of polymeric micelles. DM-PIT-1 was effectively incorporated (> 70%) into 14–16 nm micelles, which had a negative surface zeta potential of 4–5 mV. Micellar DM-PIT-1 demonstrated high in vitro cytotoxicity against various cancer cells. An improved potency of the dual-activity DM-PIT-1/TRAIL combination nanoparticles in inducing death of TRAIL-resistant cancer cells was shown. Efficacy of the TRAIL therapy was enhanced by combining it with the 2C5 ant...
Interface language for supporting programming styles

We suggest a novel application of a formal specification language: we use it to support some programming conventions and encourage certain styles of programming. The Larch/C Interface Language (LCL) is a language for documenting the interfaces of ANSI C programs. It is designed to support a style of c programming where a program is organized around a set of software modules. Even though C does not support abstract data types, LCL supports the specifications of abstract data types, and provides guidelines on how abstract types can be implemented in C. A lint-like program checks for some conformance of C code to its LCL specification.
Of what use is molecular biology to the practicing radiation oncologist

Abstract Background and purpose : We are in a period of rapid advance in understanding the basic mechanisms behind the induction and progression of cancer. The relevance of this new knowledge to the daily clinical practice of radiation oncology may not necessarily be readily apparent. Familiarity with a few of the concepts of molecular biology and biochemistry are necessary to fully appreciate the clinical relevance of the new biology. Methods and results : To illustrate how the new knowledge affects the practice of radiation oncology, examples of the use of molecular biology are presented for different clinical aspects of clinical oncology, i.e. screening and prevention, prognostic factors, predictive factors, treatment decision, novel therapy and follow-up. A number of the molecular biology techniques are illustrated. Conclusions : The advances from molecular biology directly impact the role of radiation oncologists in the clinic. While major new therapies are still in development in the laboratory, these will likely have a very significant role in patient care and cancer prevention in the not-too-distant future. Given the central role of radiation oncologists in cancer management, a basic knowledge of molecular biology techniques and their application is essential so that we can be current with our colleagues and patients and as a specialty, participate actively in improving the outcome of patients with or at risk of developing cancer.
Bringing Public Opinion and Electoral Politics Back In: Explaining the Fate of “Clintonomics” and Its Contemporary Relevance

In 1992, Bill Clinton won the presidency committed to an ambitious program of “public investment.” Yet the plan Clinton submitted to the Democrat-controlled Congress in early 1993 was sharply scaled back in favor of an emphasis on reducing the federal budget deficit. Congress then made further deep cuts in Clinton's plan. This Democratic retreat from public investment would continue throughout the remainder of Clinton's presidency. In this article, I argue that the fate of “Clintonomics” was due mainly to public opinion and electoral politics. In an epilogue, I examine the implications of this episode for the new intra-Democratic debate over public investment.
Impaired myogenic tone in mesenteric arteries from overweight rats

Background Rats fed high fat (HFD) or high sucrose (HSD) diets develop increased adiposity as well as impaired vasodilatory responsiveness stemming from oxidative stress. Moreover, HFD rats become hypertensive compared to either control (Chow) or HSD fed rats, suggesting elevated vascular tone. We hypothesized that rats with increased adiposity and oxidative stress demonstrate augmented pressure-induced vasoconstriction (i.e. myogenic tone) that could account for the hypertensive state.
Plan and counterplan: Notes on moving beyond the crisis in planning theory

In developing a working class perspective of planning theory, I have suggested that neither bourgeois nor Marxist planning theories can incorporate the dissensus tactics that are at the heart of working-class movements. Neither can they deal with the class nature of planning nor the class composition of planners. As the current social, political and economic crisis was forced on capital by the struggles (plans) of the working class, it follows that working-class counter-plans should deepen the crisis so that benefits will accrue to “our” side. The development of “our” successful counter-plans will throw “their” planning theory deeper into crisis. Ultimately, crisis resolution must be on the terms of the (ex-)working class.
Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and QT duration in a multiethnic population in Hawaii.

Abstract Objectives Recent studies have suggested that heart-rate corrected QT interval (QTc) in normal populations may be influenced by genetic factors. We report findings of a study of the relationship between QTc, increased QTc (> 440 ms) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype in a multiethnic, population-based study completed in rural Hawaii. Methods Blood samples were obtained while fasting and after an oral glucose challenge from 1452 individuals between 1997 and 2000. The clinical examination included an electrocardiogram. Medical histories, behavioral and socio-demographic information were obtained during the interview. Ethnicity was estimated by self-report. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from a random sample of 588 participants. Multiple linear and logistic regression was used to test for associations between QTc and ACE gene polymorphisms. Results The overall crude prevalence of increased QTc was 21.2%. The prevalence of increased QTc was lowest among those with ACE DD genotype, and highest among those with ACE insertion/insertion (II) genotype. The adjusted odds ratio for increased QTc was 2.29 (95% CI 1.02–5.12) and 3.61 (95% CI 1.60–8.13) for ID and II genotypes, respectively, compared to the DD genotype. The test for trend was highly significant ( p Conclusions The ACE insertion allele was associated with increased prevalence of prolonged QTc independent of ethnicity, age, gender, and BMI. These findings may implicate the ACE gene as an important genetic risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.
Identification and characterisation of a cDNA sequence encoding a glutamic acid-rich protein specifically transcribed in Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae and recognised by infected swine serum

Abstract Presently, little is known of the mechanism by which Trichinella penetrates and modulates reprogramming of muscle cells. In light of evidence demonstrating strong protective characteristics of antigens derived from this stage, understanding this process may shed light on potential targets for effective abatement of infection. To this end, a PCR-derived cDNA expression library was constructed using 0.5 μg of total RNA from Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae. The library consisted of >125,000 insert-containing clones. Approximately 40–50×10 3 clones were screened immunologically using sera from pigs experimentally infected with 7,000 Trichinella L1. Multiple clones reacting positively with the swine infection serum and encoding portions of a glutamic acid-rich protein were identified. Northern and Southern blots indicated at least two distinct genes that encoded the glutamic acid-rich proteins and that these genes were transcribed specifically in the newborn larvae stage. cDNA sequence data predicted open reading frames of 1,497 and 1,716 bp generating proteins of 498 amino acids and 571 amino acids, respectively. Both sequences consisted of approximately 39% glutamic acid and 16% serine residues, and differed by the presence of a 219 bp fragment present in the 1,716 bp sequence that was absent from the 1,497 bp sequence. PCR data indicated that additional isoforms exist within this gene family that are different in length from those described above. In addition, it was found that more than one isoform can exist within a single worm and that this pattern can vary between individual worms within a population. Mouse antibodies to recombinant antigen localised the glutamic acid-rich proteins to the periphery of the developing stichocyte cells within the newborn larvae consistent with the hypothesis that the newborn larval antigens are secreted.
The Paradox of American Critical Legalism

Duncan Kennedy's essay is a reprint from his recently published book. We hope to draw attention to Kennedy's work among students of European integration since we believe his analysis to be relevant both to the specific debate on the impact of European integration upon private law and to comparative legal study in general. European legal scholarship has only recently begun to examine the problems of private legal integration. The late appearance of private law in the integration arena is due to a primarily instrumental understanding and strategic use of law in the European market‐building project: only once legal ‘barriers to trade’ were eliminated and national regulatory law replaced by Europeanised norms, did the degree to which the core institutions of ’private‘ law had been (indirectly) affected by the integrationist logic become apparent. Comparative legal research, however, has benefited from this awakening of interest. European Commission projects have widened the scope of and intensified comparative studies in Europe. Equally, experience gained from the ‘Integration Through (Public) Law’ project has led to a new private legal debate on the impact of national traditions, the concept of legal cultures and the social functions of private law. Accordingly, whilst Duncan Kennedy's deliberations on the history of American legal thought and the differences between American and European legal cultures are generally to be commended for their sensitive treatment of the specificities of the civil law system and the common law heritage, they are equally of particular topical concern since in addition to highlighting America's ‘utter faith and utter distrust in law,’ they also investigate the fundamentally different approaches adopted towards ‘the project law’ within each of the member states of the EU. If European private lawyers are to come to terms with the problems of integration and convergence, they must first tackle these deep‐seated divergences between their own national legal cultures.
Uncertainty analysis of rule-based expert systems with Dempster-Shafer mass assignments

This article extends Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) mass probability assignments to Boolean algebra and considers how such probabilities can propagate through a system of Boolean equations, which form the basis for both rule-based expert systems and fault trees. the advantage of DST mass assignments over classical probability methods is the ability to accommodate when necessary uncommitted probability belief. This paper also examines rules in the context of a probabilistic logic, where a given rule itself may be true with some probability in the interval [0,1]. When expert system knowledge bases contain rules which may not always hold, or rules that occasionally must be operated upon with imprecise information, the DST mass assignment formalism is shown to be a suitable methodology for calculating probability assignments throughout the system.
Characterization of the Ne–Al scattering potential using low energy ion scattering maps

Abstract In this study, we examine the scattering of inert-gas ions from Al(1 1 1) using low energy ion scattering (LEIS). These techniques, because of their high surface specificity, provide structural and compositional information from the first atomic layer of the surface and can be used to determine the configuration of low- Z adsorbates. Extracting structural information embedded in LEIS data presents many challenges, given the complex collision processes which ultimately contribute to the detected scattering and recoil signals. To aid in the interpretation of these data, we map scattered Ne + ion signals over a wide range of crystal orientations with respect to the incident beam in order to investigate a variety of scattering geometries. The signals are also simulated using a modified version of the MARLOWE binary collision code and related to the surface structure. We make quantitative comparisons between the simulated results and the experimental data using reliability factors, and are able to show how the interatomic potential can be calibrated.
Task-specificity of the blocking action of puromycin on retention in goldfish.

Abstract The blocking action of puromycin on the retention of goldfish trained to avoid shock in the shuttlebox is found to be specific neither to the classical nor to the instrumental component of that training. In 2 experiments, one on classically conditioned shuttling with light as the CS and brief shock as the US, and the second on instrumentally conditioned shuttling with termination of an unsignalled train of shocks as reward, retention was poorer after immediate than after delayed injection of puromycin. Negative results obtained in a further series of instrumental experiments with target-striking as the response and food as reward suggest that the blocking action of puromycin on retention in goldfish may be specific to the effects of training with aversive stimuli.
Aufgaben und Rolle des Emissionshandelsprüfers in der Gestaltung des Klimaschutzes

Seit etwa 2004 ist der emissionshandel realitat in den unternehmen der energiewirtschaft und der energieintensiven Industrie sowie in den zustandigen Behorden geworden. Fur die praxis bedeutet dies einen gravierenden paradigmenwechsel im umweltschutz – weg von der direkt sanktionierenden Ordnungspolitik hin zu einer marktwirtschaftlichen monetarisierung von umweltlasten. Der okonomische ansatz bedingt, dass treibhausgasemissionen unmittelbare relevanz fur grose teile des Finanzwesens der betroffenen unternehmen haben. In analogie zum wirtschaftsprufer, der die finanzielle Situation des Unternehmens feststellt, ist im Emissionshandel der Prufer die sachverstandige Prufinstanz, mit der Spezialisierung auf die treibhausgas emissionen. Die primare aufgabe des emissionshandelsprufers ist die physische Feststellung der menge an treibhausgasemissionen nach normativen regelungen. Seine rolle im volkswirtschaftlichen System der emissionsbewirtschaftung geht aber daruber hinaus: wie der wirtschaftsprufer fungiert er als neutraler Vermittler von marktrelevanten Informationen zwischen dem privatwirtschaftlichen auftraggeber, anderen marktteilnehmern und aufsichtsbehorden. er ist hier eine zentrale Instanz der Qualitatssicherung fur emissionsdaten und hat damit grundlegenden Einfluss auf die okonomische Stabilitat des emissionshandelssystems.
Nitrogen Metabolism of Lactating Ewes Fed Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine

Abstract Twenty multiparous, crossbred, black-faced ewes and their newborn twin lambs were assigned to one of four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment to examine the effects of increased supply of CP or a mixture of encapsulated methionine and lysine or both on the performance of ewes and their nursing twin lambs. Ewes were fed ad libitum amounts of either a 10.2% low CP diet or a 16.2% moderate CP diet with or without additional encapsulated amino acids. Nitrogen metabolism trials were conducted simultaneously on both ewes and lambs at wk 2, 4, and 8 of lactation. Analyses were conducted for blood urea N, plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, NEFA, insulin, and amino acids (plasma, feed, and milk). Ewe DMI, BW, BW gain, and milk yield were not changed by dietary treatments. Balance of N and N digested were increased by moderate CP treatment. The portion of retained N used for milk synthesis was increased by low CP treatment. Methionine and total branched-chain amino acids were increased by encapsulated amino acids and by protein treatment. Gains in BW and N balance were increased in lambs nursing ewes fed protected amino acids. Increased growth of nursing lambs would be an important beneficial effect of supplementing diets of ewes with encapsulated methionine and lysine.
The survival of herpes simplex virus in multidose office ophthalmic solutions.

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine the survival of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in several multidose ophthalmic solutions. METHODS: In three separate trials, 10 aliquots of 5 ml each of three common multidose topical ophthalmic solutions, sodium fluorescein, proparacaine, and nonpreserved artificial tears, were inoculated with 10 5 , 10 4 , and 10 3 pfu per ml of HSV-1. All samples were titered on A549 cells at various time points for surviving HSV-1. RESULTS: Herpes simplex virus type 1 was not recovered from the fluorescein and proparacaine solutions at 1 hour or any time thereafter, regardless of inoculation titer. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was recovered from the artificial tears up to 7 days. CONCLUSION: Unlike adenovirus, HSV-1 does not survive in preserved fluorescein and proparacaine multidose solutions; therefore, office transmission is highly unlikely.
Histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase activity in a planarian

Abstract 1. 1. Acetylcholinesterase activity was studies histochemically in the planarian Procotyla fluviatilis to determine the cellular localization of this enzyme. 2. 2. Acetylcholinesterase activity was localized in elements of the nervous system and was most intense in the cells and fibers comprising the submuscular and subepidermal nerve plexuses. 3. 3. The enzyme was localized less intensely in the cephalic ganglia while large nerve bundles and epidermal sensory cells were unreactive.
Kumar et al. Respond

We thank Marathe et al. for alerting us to their study of the impact of paid sick leave on the burden of influenza,1 published in the International Conference on Complex Sciences: Theory and Applications. We regret that we did not have the opportunity to discuss our results in light of their study, which was published while our recent article was in press. Liao et al. show that at the overall population level, paid sick days reduce the burden of influenza illness. In addition, under multiple assumptions about rational and honest behavior and workplace compliance with a paid sick days policy, they show that the policy can be cost-effective from the societal standpoint. Their detailed study adds to the evidence base for decision-makers grappling with the economics of providing paid sick days. We would like to call attention to a specific dimension on which our studies differ. Public health research and practice are concerned both with the reduction of overall disease in the population and with eliminating disparities between population subgroups.2 In our recent study, we focused on quantifying the differential impact of paid sick days policies on workplaces of different sizes. We hypothesized that paid sick days policies would have a different impact on small workplaces than on large ones because access to paid sick days currently increases with workplace size.3 Our study showed that this was indeed the case. The 2 studies under discussion highlight that agent-based models—because of their characteristic features of heterogeneity of agents and spatially explicit agent interactions4—are well suited to studying not only the impact of heterogeneous behavior on overall population health but also differential impacts of policies and interventions on population subgroups.5 Both issues have an important place in evidence-based decision-making in public health, and we are grateful for this opportunity to discuss them in light of the study by Liao et al.
Characterization of a MEMS deformable mirror by far field intensity evaluation

The performance of an adaptive optics (AO) system is typically measured using the wavefront sensor (WFS). However, another method is to use the point spread function (PSF), which is sensitive to scatter, does not act as a low pass filter and is not dependent on the WFS calibration. We decided to examine the performance of an AO system built for vision science that employed a micromechanical systems (MEMS) based deformable mirror (DM). Specifically, the MEMS DM consists of 489 actuators, resulting in 163 segments each with individual piston/tip/tilt control. Initial evaluation of the DM with a model eye included determining the ability of the DM to generate individual Zernike polynomials and evaluating the far field PSF to measure wavefront correction performance. For individual Zernike polynomial terms, the DM was found to be capable of correcting the aberration magnitudes expected from previously published human population studies. 1, 2 Finally, the DM was used in an AO fundus camera to successfully acquire images of cone photoreceptors in a living human eye. This is part of ongoing work which will incorporate the MEMS DM into both an AO scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) and an AO optical coherence tomography (OCT) system where the form of the PSF at the confocal pinhole/optical fiber is important for optimal imaging.
Theory-Based Evaluation in Practice What Do We Learn?

Theory-based evaluation (TBE) explores the how and why of program success or failure. Advocates of TBE claim that it produces information unavailable in traditional process and outcome studies. This article examines six published papers of TBEs. It finds that the authors of the papers do not always make explicit the relation of their data to the theory of the program. Nevertheless, it was evident in one or more cases that TBE identified unnecessary program components, located intermediary changes, raised new questions, contributed to a paradigm shift, highlighted the difficulties of taking successful pilot programs to scale, and provided clarity and focus for the evaluation. Interestingly, in none of the studies was the original theory completely right. Lessons for the future of TBE are drawn.
Symptomatic renal metastasis from testicular cancer

The clinical course of a patient who presented with a massive left renal metastasis from testicular carcinoma is described. Treatment with cisplatin-based chemotherapy produced a dramatic response. Symptomatic renal metastases from testicular cancer are rare and may be reflective of a high tumor burden or refractory disease.
The role of cytotoxic T cells and cytokines in the control of hepatitis B virus infection.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular basis for viral clearance and liver disease in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Using transgenic mice that replicate HBV at high levels in the liver as recipients of HBV-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL), we have shown that the antiviral potential of the CTL is primarily mediated by noncytolytic mechanisms that involve the intra-hepatic production of IFN-γ by these cells. We also showed that, following antigen recognition, HBV-specific CTL recruit antigen non-specific inflammatory cells that contribute to amplify the liver disease initiated by CTL. These results provided insight into immunological and virological processes that may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to terminate chronic HBV infection.
Comparative cleansing efficiency of manual and power brushing

The purpose of the studies described in this report was to evaluate the efficiency of a reciprocating motion toothbrush as an instrument for cleaning the teeth. These studies were initiated during the early stages of the development of the device; therefore, they reflect both pro­ gressive engineering improvements and the accumulation of information showing that the danger of hard tissue abrasion and soft tissue laceration was not an im­ portant consideration with this device. The two main criteria that could be used to judge efficiency were speed of cleaning and thoroughness of cleaning. From a practical standpoint, however, speed per se is not a reliable measure of efficiency because the factor of pleasure cannot be disregarded. For example, if the use of a power device encouraged the subject to brush longer than he ordinarily did with a hand brush and this factor alone resulted in an improved state of oral hygiene, the application of power to the toothbrush would be justified. Since early studies with the electric device re­ vealed that important pleasurable fea­ tures were associated with its use, the criterion of thoroughness of cleaning in­ dependent of time was adopted as the main measure of cleaning efficiency.
Mullerian Duct Regression in the Embryo Correlated with Cytotoxic Activity Against Human Ovarian Cancer

A significant cytotoxicity index was obtained when human ovarian cancer cells in a microcytotoxicity assay were exposed during the S (DNA-synthesizing) phase of the cell cycle to purified fractions of testis exhibiting high Mullerian inhibiting substance bioactivity. The same effect was not observed when these fractions were tested against human glioblastoma or fibroblast lines. Most human ovarian cancers are said to resemble Mullerian tissues histologically. Mullerian inhibiting substance may thus deserve further study as a potential chemotherapeutic agent.
Implementing a simple vector controller

AC induction motor drives range from simple volts per hertz (V/F) control algorithms to complex control algorithms such as adaptive field oriented control or sensorless field oriented control. In many cases, it is desired to have better performance than a V/F drive but with little more complexity. Slip control algorithms can provide better performance by closing the speed loop but may or may not include current control. Field orientation or vector control provides current control and excellent performance but can become difficult to implement. A basic flux vector controller, however, can be very simple to implement and can be the foundation for implementing more complex field oriented techniques. On the other hand, some applications such as an electric vehicle drive may not require the increased complexity and a simple vector controller may be acceptable.
THE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE‐ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE EXCHANGE REACTION OF EXTRACTED CEREBRAL MICROSOMES

—Microsomal fractions prepared from guinea pig cerebral cortex manifested ADP-ATP exchange activity, 40–99 per cent of which was extractable by dilute salt solutions. All of the (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity remained in the particulate material. The unextracted ADP-ATP exchange activity was stimulated six to seven fold by a non-ionic detergent (Lubrol W). When pre-extracted microsomes were sedimented in a sucrose density gradient, the ADP-ATP exchange activity was more widely distributed than (Na+, K+)-ATPase or adenylate kinase activities. The ADP-ATP exchange activity of microsomes extracted with NaI was stimulated by Na+ ions when the Mg2+ concentration in the reaction mixture was low (0·2 mm). The Na+ stimulation of exchange activity was more variable than was the stimulation of phosphate formation by Na+ plus K+. The Na+-stimulated ADP-ATP exchange reaction of extracted microsomes may be a component of the (Na+, K+)-ATPase system, which has not been freed from adenylate kinase or possibly other contributing enzyme systems.
The development of x-ray imaging to study renal function

The development of x-ray imaging to study renal function. The well-established role of the kidney in control of blood volume and ultimately arterial blood pressure has been underscored by the demonstration of alterations in renal hemodynamics and function recognized as responsible for these and other regulatory mechanisms. Nevertheless, the spatial complexity of intrarenal structure and function has made evident the need to study these separately in different regions of the intact kidney. Because of the introduction of x-rays, assessment of renal function has indeed been one of their attractive applications. However, despite the appeal of their noninvasiveness, several limitations confounded the different x-ray techniques used, most of which remained unresolved until the development of computed tomography. Furthermore, the development of fast imaging, which allows repetitive analysis of the same region of interest during the transit of contrast medium, holds a great potential to estimate intrarenal distribution of blood flow and the dynamic characteristics of tubular fluid flow in individual nephron segments. This latter assessment requires the administration of filterable x-ray contrast medium, which is cleared from the plasma almost exclusively by glomerular filtration, and the generation of contrast dilution curves. A historical review of the development and progress of the various x-ray techniques used will help understand the past and present of x-ray imaging, and will make it easier to envision the importance of their future roles in the study of renal physiology and pathophysiology.
A pseudospectral matrix element method for solution of three-dimensional incompressible flows and its parallel implementation

Abstract A new pseudospectral matrix element (PSME) method employing the primitive variable formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations was used to simulate 3-dimensional time-dependent driven cavity flow at a Reynolds number of 3200 with an aspect ratio of 3 in the spanwise direction as well as 3-dimensional flow over a backward step. The new method only requires functions which are c 0 continuous across the interface between two adjacent elements. It also ensures that the continuity equation is satisfied everywhere, in the interior (including the inter-element points) and on the boundary. The resulting complex geometry for flow over a backward step can be divided into a number of overlapping subdomains by a domain decomposition, of simpler geometry with patched grid points, in which the solution is more easily obtained. With an iterative procedure between subdomains, the complete solution is found by the Schwarz alternating procedure (SAP). With an eigenfunction expansion for the pressure, storage requirements for the 3D inversion step, O ( N 6 ), are reduced to O ( N 3 ) if the inverse of pressure equation is not stored. The parallel implementation of the three most time-consuming procedures: (i) computing the partial derivatives of scalar fields in terms of dotproduct; (ii) transforming between eigenfunction space and physical space for the pressure in terms of matrix multiplications; and (iii) performing the forward and backward sweeps of an LU decomposition to solve for the pressure have been efficiently performed on a parallel computer. The numerical results have reproduced dynamic longitudinal Taylor-Gortler-like (TGL) vortices in qualitative agreement with the experimental results of Koseff et al. and also indicated other 3-dimensional effects on the flow development. Computational results for both 2-and 3-dimensional flow over a backward-facing step at different Reynolds numbers are also presented in this paper. No pronounced 3-dimensional effects are observed for Reynolds numbers up to 450 except in the boundary layer along the spanwise direction.
THE CAT AS A MODEL FOB ENZYME THERAPY IN GM 2 GANGLIOSIDOSIS

A genetic neurodegenerative disorder with lysosomal storage of Gm2 ganglioside, its asialo derivative, and globoside, and β-hexosaminidase deficiency has been described in domestic cats (Cork et al, Science, 1977, in press). To strengthen the apparent analogy with human Gm2 gangliosidosis type II, feline β-hexosaminidase has been studied. Two major forms of this lysosomal enzyme, Hex A and Hex B, are present in organs and body fluids from normal animals, with biochemical and kinetic properties remarkably similar to those of the corresponding human enzymes. These data, and the deficiency of both components in affected cats, support the analogy between feline and human diseases. Thus it is possible to utilize this animal model for enzyme therapy experiments. Structural differences between human and feline β-hexosaminidase, however, may result in different cellular uptake, endocellular activity and stability, limiting the relevance of replacement experiments with feline enzyme. Thus, plasma clearance and organ disposition of human placental Hex A and Hex B has been studied in normal cats, utilizing the apparent absence of interspecific immunologic cross-reactivity. The results so far indicate a rapid, preferential hepatic uptake, possibly via a saturable receptor mechanism, with recovery of the exogenous enzymes in a lysosomal fraction. Further studies using human enzymes should result in enzyme replacement strategies, to be tested in diseased cats, relevant to therapeutic attempts in human Gm2 gangliosidosis.
Simulation Research on Tooth Root Dynamic Stress of Marine Helical Gear Meshing Impact

Finite element model of helical gear meshing of large burden marine is built based on explicit dynamics finite element method, dynamics stress variation of helical gear tooth is simulated under multiple working conditions, research is focused on the impact of changes in working conditions on the dynamic stress of the tooth root. The results show that helical gear pair speed and center distance error have great impact on dynamic stress of tooth root. The results provide reference for dynamic performance optimization of marine gears.
Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor: A Series of Seven Cases and Review of the Literature

Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumors (ECT) are rare, benign, intraoral mesenchymal soft tissue tumors that can be diagnostically challenging. In this study the demographic, clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of seven ECTs are examined. The differential diagnosis of this rare neoplasm is discussed and the literature is reviewed.
Mobile acoustic system for the detection of surface-breaking cracks in pavement

Monitoring the structural condition of road and airport pavement is an extremely critical task to ensure the safety and efficiency of teh transportation. The topic is relevant to both civil and military transportation infrastructure. The presence of damage in pavement, including surface cracking, depressions, swells, and wear, is inevitable due to the sever environmental and service loads that these structures must be subject to. Existing NDE techniques aimed at assessing the structural condition of pavement include Falling Weight Deflectometer, Ground Penetrating Radar, and acoustic methods based on surface waves. This paper presents improvements to the traditional surface-wave method for the detection of surface-breaking cracks in pavement. The advances include 1) the modeling of the problem as dipsersive waves propagating in a multilayer system, 2) the inclusion of post-processing algorithms based on the Wavelet Transform to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the inspection, and 3) the use of non-contact, air-coupled acoustic detectors to enhance the mobility of the inspection unit. The crack detection procedure consists of first generating a dispersive wave with an impulse hammer, and then measuring the changes in velocity, amplitude and/or frequency content as the wave travels across the flaw with the aid of the Continuous Wavelet Transform. Multilayer wave propagation modeling provides a better understanding of the experimental results by predicting how the various frequencies interact with cracks of different depths. The results of field tests will be presented for both rigid (concrete-based) and flexible (bitumen-based) pavement with surface cracks.
Latitude and solar-cycle dependence of the height of 9.1 cm radio emission

The apparent height of radio sources above the photosphere was determined for the period of 1968–1971, by a method which makes use of the displacement in latitude of the centroid of the radio emission relative to the associated optical feature.
Intra-Car Wireless Sensor Networks Using RFID: Opportunities and Challenges

Building a wireless sensor network in a car has important benefits in terms of cost reduction, having an open architecture, and fuel efficiency. One option for implementing such an intra-car wireless network is to use RFID technology. In this paper, we report the results of extensive experiments carried out at Carnegie Mellon University in collaboration with General Motors for understanding the capabilities and limitations of RFID technology.
Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi

A multiplex real-time PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi. The assay was tested on various Anaplasma, Borrelia, Erhlichia, and Rickettsia species, as well as on Bartonella henselae and Escherichia coli, and the assay was found to be highly specific for A. phagocytophilum and the Borrelia species tested (B. burgdorferi, B. parkeri, B. andersonii, and B. bissettii). The analytical sensitivity of the assay is comparable to that of previously described nested PCR assays (A. phagocytophilum, 16S rRNA; B. burgdorferi, fla gene), amplifying the equivalent of one-eighth of an A. phagocytophilum-infected cell and 50 borrelia spirochetes. The dynamic range of the assay for both A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi was >/=4 logs of magnitude. Purified DNA from A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi was spiked into DNA extracted from uninfected ticks and from negative control mouse and human bloods, and these background DNAs were shown to have no significant effect on sensitivity or specificity of the assay. The assay was tested on field-collected Ixodes scapularis ticks and shown to have 100% concordance compared to previously described non-probe-based PCR assays. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a real-time multiplex PCR assay that can be used for the simultaneous and rapid screening of samples for A. phagocytophilum and Borrelia species, two of the most common tick-borne infectious agents in the United States.
A prospective study of respiratory failure after high-risk surgery on the thoracoabdominal aorta

From June 1960 to September 1990, 1414 patients underwent repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms, of whom 112 (8%) had pulmonary complications requiring respiratory support with tracheostomy; subsequently 45 (40%) died in the hospital. We determined by stepwise logistic regression analysis, in a prospective study of high-risk type I and II thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms repairs, the independent predictors of respiratory failure, defined as respiratory ventilation exceeding 48 hours after operation. In 98 patients studied, 38 (39%) were women, 60 (61%) were men, 54 (55%) had type II thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms, 34 (35%) had aortic dissection, 19 (19%) were nonsmokers, 40 (41%) exsmokers, and 39 (40%) active smokers. Before operation, 55 (56%) had chronic pulmonary disease with respiratory failure developing in 58% (p = 0.0005 versus no chronic pulmonary disease, 10/43, 23%), and of the 26 patients in the lower quarter of forced expiratory volume (1 sec) (FEV1 less than or equal to 1.45 L) respiratory failure developed in 61% (p = 0.035). In-hospital survival was 98% and 83% (p = 0.008), respectively, and cumulative survival at 6 months by Kaplan-Meier analysis was 96% and 80% (p = 0.004, log-rank test), respectively, for patients without respiratory failure (N = 56/98, 57%) and with respiratory failure (N = 42/98, 43%). On univariate analysis, the following were associated with respiratory failure (p less than 0.05): FEV1, FEV1% predicted, FVC, FEF25, FEF25% predicted, FEF25-75, FEF25-75% predicted, PaCO2 Pao2, symptoms, smoking history, chronic pulmonary disease, cryoprecipitate volume, postoperative neuromuscular deficit, cardiac complications, reoperation for bleeding, renal complication, stress ulceration, postoperative creatinine level, postoperative dialysis, and postoperative encephalopathy. The independent predictors of respiratory failure were (p less than 0.05): chronic pulmonary disease, smoking history, cardiac and renal complications. In patients with chronic pulmonary disease, the only independent predictor was FEF25 (p = 0.030). These observations may be of value in selecting patients for elective operation.
Relationships Between Premonitory Urge and Anxiety in Youth With Chronic Tic Disorders

Tourette's Disorder and other chronic tic disorders are common neurodevelopmental conditions. One characteristic of tic disorders is the premonitory urge, an aversive or unpleasant sensory phenomenon that may precede tics. Initial examination of premonitory urge in pediatric tic disorders suggests that awareness and experience of sensations preceding tics may be related to anxiety and OCD. However, it may be possible that specific anxiety-related symptoms, such as anxious physiologic arousal, are particularly relevant to the experience of premonitory urge. The current study examines relationships between tic-related premonitory urge and anxiety-related symptom clusters in treatment-seeking youths with a primary diagnoses of Tourette's or other chronic tic disorder. The sample consisted of 124 youth, ages 9 to 17, who participated in the multi-site Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics randomized controlled trial (CBIT; Piacentini et al., 2010). Specific anxiety-related subtypes, including generalized worry, separation, social, and panic/somatic symptoms, as well as severity of obsessions and compulsions, were assessed as potential correlates of premonitory urge. Findings indicated that age, global tic-related impairment, and specific panic/somatic symptoms accounted for a substantial proportion of variance in youth report of premonitory urge. These findings provide information about the characteristics of premonitory urge in pediatric tic disorders, and have implications for the treatment of pediatric tic syndromes.
Inferring access-control policy properties via machine learning

To ease the burden of implementing and maintaining access-control aspects in a system, a growing trend among developers is to write access-control policies in a specification language such as XACML and integrate the policies with applications through the use of a policy decision point (PDP). To assure that the specified polices reflect the expected ones, recent research has developed policy verification tools; however, their applications in practice are still limited, being constrained by the limited set of supported policy language features and the unavailability of policy properties. This paper presents a data-mining approach to the problem of verifying that expressed access-control policies reflect the true desires of the policy author. We developed a tool to investigate this approach by automatically generating requests, evaluating those requests to get responses, and applying machine learning on the request-response pairs to infer policy properties. These inferred properties facilitate the inspection of the policy behavior. We applied our tool on an access-control policy of a central grades repository system for a university. Our results show that machine learning algorithms can provide valuable insight into basic policy properties and help identify specific bug-exposing requests.
Simultaneous measurements of large vertical winds in the upper and lower thermosphere

Abstract High resolution vertical wind measurements of the upper and lower thermosphere were made at Poker Flat, Alaska, using a scanning Fabry-Perot spectrometer (FPS). Observations of the λ558 and λ630 nm emissions of atomic oxygen were made on 21 nights and allowed for the simultaneous determination of wind and temperature at altitudes of about 130 and 240 km, respectively. On two occasions, significant upwelling events were measured which lasted between 15 and 25 min. Peak velocities were up to 42 m/s at 130 km and 138 m/s at 240 km. Auroral activity was monitored using a meridian scanning photometer (MSP). On both occasions, the region of upwelling was located on the poleward side of the auroral oval during geomagnetically active conditions. A schematic model is used to describe an event from which the horizontal scale of the upwelling region is estimated to be less than 320 km in the lower thermosphere and less than 800 km in the upper thermosphere.
Transfer function matrices of singular state space systems

An algorithm for computation of transfer function matrices of generalized linear multivariable state-space systems is presented. To improve the numerical performance of the algorithm, as far as possible only orthogonal transformations are used. The algorithm has been tested on a VAX 11/785 using MATLAB. Extensive numerical experiments indicate that it has excellent numerical accuracy. >
A new genus and species of Podapolipidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) parasitic on Physonota alutacea (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; Cassidinae) in Mexico and Central America.

Cassidopolipus physonota gen. nov., sp. nov. (Acari: Podapolipidae) is described from the tortoise beetle, Physonota alutacea (Boheman, 1854) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) collected in Mexico, Honduras and Costa Rica. Of the thirty-one genera of Podapolipidae, the new genus belongs to a group of sixteen genera with adult females having just four well-developed legs. Within this group, six genera also have males with a short, mid dorsal genital capsule. Keys to the six genera are provided.
Energy efficiency of two virtual infrastructures for MANETs

In a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), virtual infrastructures are helpful to network operations. There are two popular virtual infrastructures for MANETs, square-based and hexagon-based. The square-based infrastructure divides the network area into squares of the same kind, and forwarding is done from one square to four neighboring squares. The hexagon-based divides the area into hexagons and forwarding is six-directional. These two virtual infrastructures can be used to aid routing and to save energy. However, no performance analysis or comparison has been made between them. This paper compares energy efficiency of these two virtual infrastructures analytically and numerically. Theoretical analysis shows, with the same transmission range, the six-direction forwarding covers 40% more area than the four-direction forwarding does in a single hop, and in 95% of the cases, the six-direction forwarding has a shorter path, therefore less energy consumption. The simulation results support the analysis.