cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Administrative Law Under South Africa's Final Constitution: The Need for an Administrative Justice Act

The bill of rights in the recently adopted South African Constitution is enforced by a Constitutional Court that takes the rights very seriously and is reluctant to limit them. Section 33 concerning administrative justice, provides that "everyone has the right to administrative action that is lawful, reasonable, and procedurally fair," and that everyone whose rights have been adversely affected by administrative action has a right to be given written reasons. However, these rights must be implemented through national legislation within three years of adoption of the constitution. During the three-year period Section 24 of the Interim Constitution (adopted in 1994) provides for self-executing rights to lawful, reasonable and fair administrative action and to a statement of written reasons. Should legislation implementing Section 33 not be enacted in time, these free-standing, self-executing rights will become part of the permanent constitution. The article argues that it is imperative that Parliament adopt an administrative justice act to implement and appropriately limit the Section 33 rights. The broad, free- standing rights provided in the interim and final constitutions are overbroad and uncertain. Absent statutory definition, due process claims have the potential to inundate the Constitutional Court, and to stifle government action in the post-apartheid era. Action is needed to protect the Court's ability to reach other, tremendously important constitutional matters. The article concludes with proposals for adjudication, rulemaking, and judicial review provisions in an administrative justice act. Despite the many urgent demands on its time and energy, Parliament should not neglect the need for an administrative justice act.
The decision process: police officers’ search for information in dispute encounters

ABSTRACTThe police officer decision-making process is a complex one, subject to multiple informational inputs from a variety of sources. Policing scholars have spent a significant amount of time investigating which of these inputs contribute to decisions made by police but our ability to explain how police officers decide on a non-arrest course of action is still limited. This research utilises a mixed methods approach to examine the process of police officer decision-making in dispute encounters. Both qualitative (analysed using content analysis) and quantitative data from the Project on Policing Neighborhoods are used to examine both the process and outcome of police decision-making in dispute encounters. In particular, this research seeks to determine the variation across officers in terms of type of information needed to determine a final outcome, the variation in terms of the outcomes reached, and the variation in terms of the depth of information search, which provides some insight into whether offi...
Endocrine Function of Ovarian Tissue after Growth or Storage in vitro.

SummaryA method has been described for testing the endocrine function of ovarian tissue after growth in culture at 37°C or storage at 10°C. Such tissue, when transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eyes of castrate female rats, after a latent period of from 8 to 24 days, produced typical estrous type of vaginal smears which compared favorably with the effects produced by transplants made directly after the removal of the tissue from the donor animal. Ovarian tissue frozen quickly in liquid air failed to produce cornification of the vaginal epithelium.
Hyaluronic acid formation by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Summary1. S. pyogenes, strain S23, grows rapidly in glucose broth, forms large amounts of hyaluronic acid throughout the growth period and induces a rapid fall in the pH of the medium. In galactose...
Growth and Properties of Carbon Nitride Thin Films

Recent research on carbon nitride thin films grown using pulsed laser deposition combined with atomic beam techniques is reviewed. the composition, growth mechanism and phases of these films have been systematically investigated. the nitrogen composition was found to increase to a limiting value of 50% as the fluence was decreased for laser ablation at both 532 nm and 248 nm wavelengths. Time of flight mass spectroscopy investigations of the ablation products have shown that the fluence variations affect primarily the yield of the carbon reactant. these experiments demonstrate that the overall film growth rate determines the average nitrogen composition, and furthermore, suggest that a key step in the growth mechanism involves a surface reaction between carbon and nitrogen. INfrared spectroscopy has been used to assess the phases present in the carbon nitride thin films as a function of the overall nitrogen content. these measurements have shown that a cyanogen-like impurity occurs in films with nitrogen compositions greater than 30%. Studies of thermal annealing have shown, however, that this impurity phase can be eliminated to yield a single phase C2N material. IN addition, systematic studies of the electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of the carbon nitride films are discussed.
A Review of Time and Space Series Analyses of Turbulent Combustion and Radiation in Memory of Jerry Faeth

Dr. Jerry Faeth was the pioneer to study turbulent combusting flows using time and space series (TASS) analysis in late 1980s. Because of its capability to simulate instantaneous realizations of temporal and spatially correlated fluctuating variables, TASS analysis became a suitable tool for the investigation of nonlinear interactions between turbulence and other physical/chemical process, such as radiation. During the last 20 years, TASS analysis has been used in many applications with the development of new algorithms. These applications covered a wide range of premixed and non-premixed flames, luminous and nonluminous flames, momentum-driven jet flames and buoyancy-driven pool fires. Accomplishments of various researchers demonstrated that TASS analysis is a powerful and versatile tool in studying turbulent combustion. Extension of TASS analysis to new applications is highly expected.
HPA failure and glucocorticoid therapy.

Glucocorticoids undoubtedly affect the HPA axis, but the dangers of steroid-induced suppression have been exaggerated. With vigilance on the part of the physician, the rare case of adrenocortical failure can be prevented.
Predictors of Cognitive Functions in Children With Sturge-Weber Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study.

Abstract Background Sturge–Weber syndrome is often accompanied by seizures and neurocognitive deterioration, although previous studies have suggested that early functional brain reorganization may diminish the cognitive sequelae in some children with unilateral Sturge–Weber syndrome. The "rules" governing these plasticity mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated longitudinal changes of cognitive functioning (intelligence quotient [IQ]) and assessed the performance of clinical, electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables for predicting IQ in children with Sturge–Weber syndrome. Methods Thirty-three young children (mean age: 3.3 years at baseline) with unilateral Sturge–Weber syndrome underwent MRI, scalp EEG, and neuropsychology evaluation twice, with a median follow-up of 2 years. None of the children had epilepsy surgery. Longitudinal IQ changes were calculated. Seizure variables, interictal EEG abnormalities, and extent and location of MRI brain involvement were correlated with IQ assessed at follow-up. Results Global IQ showed a highly variable course with both increases and decreases over time. Lower IQ at baseline was associated with interval IQ increase. In univariate analyses, lower outcome IQ was associated with baseline EEG abnormalities ( P P = 0.001), high seizure frequency ( P = 0.02), and early frontal-lobe involvement on MRI ( P = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, EEG abnormalities at baseline remained a robust, independent predictor of outcome IQ. Conclusions The early trajectory of cognitive changes in children with unilateral Sturge–Weber syndrome is highly variable; children with improving IQ likely undergo effective unimpeded functional reorganization. Early onset, frequent seizures, and interictal epileptiform abnormalities on EEG likely interfere with this process resulting in poor cognitive functions. Future studies assessing interventions should target this high-risk subgroup to optimize cognitive outcome in Sturge–Weber syndrome.
Umls-based analysis of medical terminology coverage for tags in diabetes-related blogs

There is a well-known terminology disparity between laypeople and health professionals. Using the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), this study explores an exploratory study on the terminology usages of laypeople, focusing on diabetes. We explain the analysis pipeline of extracting laypeople’s medical terms and matching them to the existing medical controlled vocabulary system. The preliminary result shows the promise of using the UMLS and Tumblr data for such analysis.
Preliminary Test of a 3D Model for Carbonate Platform Sedimentation: Platform Response to Sea-Level Change and Variable Initial Seafloor Gradients

Understanding the impact of various depositional controls on the growth of carbonate platforms may help in predicting the continuity and spatial distribution of petroleum reservoir facies within ancient platform successions. This paper presents preliminary results from a 3D model for simulating the growth of carbonate platforms, focusing especially on the behavior of platform-margin facies tracts. The 3D model, described here for the first time, was used to investigate the impact of changing sea level on the growth of carbonate platforms, using a range of initial seafloor gradients. The initial depositional surface used in the model features an along-strike transition from gently dipping to more steeply dipping profiles. Simulations were performed to investigate different aspects of platform growth in response to a single cycle of sea-level change (200-meter amplitude, 200,000 yr cycle duration). Using low (∼1°) initial gradients, the model produces a complex depositional unit that consists of several detached platform-margin terraces,' each of which has a relatively low-relieffinal profile. Following the full cycle of sea-level change, the final depositional unit contains highly diachronous facies boundaries with significantfacies dislocations. In contrast, using the same sea-level oscillation, but a steeper (∼16°) initial depositional gradient, the model creates a narrower platform, with a terminal depositional profile that is steeper overall. Internal chronostratigraphic relationships within the final depositional unit are also complex, although facies dislocations are more areally limited than in the low-gradient example.
FGF2 from Marrow Microenvironment Promotes Resistance to FLT3 Inhibitors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Potent FLT3 inhibitors, such as quizartinib (AC220), have shown promise in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) containing FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations. However, responses are not durable and resistance develops within months. In this study, we outline a two-step model of resistance whereby extrinsic microenvironmental proteins FLT3 ligand (FL) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) protect FLT3-ITD+ MOLM14 cells from AC220, providing time for subsequent accumulation of ligand-independent resistance mechanisms. FL directly attenuated AC220 inhibition of FLT3, consistent with previous reports. Conversely, FGF2 promoted resistance through activation of FGFR1 and downstream MAPK effectors; these resistant cells responded synergistically to combinatorial inhibition of FGFR1 and FLT3. Removing FL or FGF2 from ligand-dependent resistant cultures transiently restored sensitivity to AC220, but accelerated acquisition of secondary resistance via reactivation of FLT3 and RAS/MAPK signaling. FLT3-ITD AML patients treated with AC220 developed increased FGF2 expression in marrow stromal cells, which peaked prior to overt clinical relapse and detection of resistance mutations. Overall, these results support a strategy of early combination therapy to target early survival signals from the bone marrow microenvironment, in particular FGF2, to improve the depth of response in FLT3-ITD AML. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6471-82. ©2016 AACR.
Geodesics on a Certain Step 2 Sub-Riemannian Manifold

The goal of this paper is to consider a step 2 sub-Riemannian manifold where the connectivity bynormal geodesics between distant points fails.
Complications of Bariatric Surgery: Venous Thromboembolism

One of the major complications of bariatric surgery is venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease which manifests itself as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). The risk of DVT is between 1 and 3 %, and PE is between 0.2 and 2 % within 30 days of bariatric surgery [1, 2]. While uncommon, PE is one of the leading causes of death within the postoperative period. There are multiple factors that place obese patients at higher risk for VTE [3]:
UX Day Design Challenge: Hackathon to Apply Rapid Design Ideation to a Practical User Experience Challenge

Hackathons have become a popular method for group design ideation and conceptual development for practical design challenges in a variety of technology domains. Perhaps the most common is software ...
Sub-critical gas-assisted processing using CO2 foaming to enhance the exfoliation of graphene in polypropylene + graphene nanocomposites

Abstract Polypropylene (PP) and graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) were mixed in a twin-screw extruder equipped with a simple CO 2 injection unit consisting of a standard gas cylinder, a regulator, a valve, and a metal hose. Nanocomposites were produced with a 0.5% by weight GNP loading level. The addition of CO 2 into the melt at pressures below the supercritical point allowed for foaming to occur within the barrel of the extruder and upon exiting from the die. Foaming introduces an equibiaxial flow on the surface of the expanding bubbles. This extensional flow imparts a stress greater than the shear case alone, aiding in the breakup of GNP agglomerates. Samples processed with sub-critical CO 2 showed increased exfoliation and dispersion as observed via electron microscopy, thermal analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. This sub-critical gas-assisted processing (SGAP) method was introduced as an alternative to supercritical fluid-assisted processing.
Emissions and Performance Tradeoffs for Advanced Marine Diesel Propulsion

Abstract A multivariable control scheme is designed that reduces smoke generation on an experimental marine Diesel engine equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger ( υ ). The variable geometry turbocharger allows the improvement of the steady-state ship hydrody-namic and propulsion characteristics and requires coordination with the injected mass fuel to achieve a good transient performance.
Understanding the differences between cocrystal and salt aqueous solubilities

Abstract This work challenges the popular notion that pharmaceutical salts are more soluble than cocrystals. There are cocrystals that are more soluble than salt forms of a drug and vice-versa. It all depends on the interplay between the chemistry of both the solid and solution phases. Aqueous solubility, pH max , and supersaturation index (SA = S CC /S D or S salt /S D ) of cocrystals and salts of a basic drug, lamotrigine (LTG), were determined, and mathematical models that predict the influence of cocrystal/salt K sp and K a were derived. K sp and SA followed the order LTG-nicotinamide cocrystal (18) > LTG-HCl salt (12) > LTG-saccharin salt (5) > LTG-methylparaben cocrystal (1) > LTG-phenobarbital cocrystal (0.2). The values in parenthesis represent SA under nonionizing conditions. Cocrystal/salt solubility and thermodynamic stability are determined by pH and will drastically change with a single unit change in pH. pH max values ranged from 5.0 (saccharin salt) to 6.4 (methylparaben cocrystal) to 9.0 (phenobarbital cocrystal). Cocrystal/salt pH max dependence on pK sp and pK a shows that cocrystals and salts exhibit different behavior. Solubility and pH max are as important as supersaturation index in assessing the stability and risks associated with conversions of supersaturating forms.
Biocatalytic site- and enantioselective oxidative dearomatization of phenols

The biocatalytic transformations used by chemists are often restricted to simple functional-group interconversions. In contrast, nature has developed complexity-generating biocatalytic reactions within natural product pathways. These sophisticated catalysts are rarely employed by chemists, because the substrate scope, selectivity and robustness of these catalysts are unknown. Our strategy to bridge the gap between the biosynthesis and synthetic chemistry communities leverages the diversity of catalysts available within natural product pathways. Here we show that, starting from a suite of biosynthetic enzymes, catalysts with complementary substrate scope as well as selectivity can be identified. This strategy has been applied to the oxidative dearomatization of phenols, a chemical transformation that rapidly builds molecular complexity from simple starting materials and cannot be accomplished with high selectivity using existing catalytic methods. Using enzymes from biosynthetic pathways, we have successfully developed a method to produce ortho-quinol products with controlled site- and stereoselectivity. Furthermore, we have capitalized on the scalability and robustness of this method in gram-scale reactions as well as multi-enzyme and chemoenzymatic cascades.
A scalable method for designing distributed controllers for systems with unknown initial states

The optimal distributed control (ODC) problem for linear discrete-time systems is studied in this paper. The goal is to design a static stabilizing controller that offers some optimality guarantee for the closed-loop system and yet respects an imposed communication structure. Unlike the traditional centralized control problem, the ODC problem is hard to solve in general. Recently, we have introduced an efficient and scalable algorithm to design a distributed controller whose performance is close to that of a given centralized controller, provided that the initial state of the system is known. In this work, we generalize the proposed method to systems with uncertain initial states. The objective is to make the performance of the designed distributed controller be as closely as possible to that of the optimal centralized counterpart for every initial state in the uncertainty region. It is shown that the developed method requires solving a convex problem. Strong theoretical lower bounds are provided on the optimality guarantee of the synthesized distributed controller. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, case studies on aircraft formation and frequency control of power systems are offered.
Church and choices: a qualitative exploration of lived sexual values in young adult women

This qualitative research article discusses three crucial encounters in the sexuality education experiences of young adult women who were raised Catholic by drawing from the analyzed interview data...
Patient Perspectives on Psoriasis Management: U.S. Results of the Population-Based Multinational Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Survey

BackgroundPsoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are associated with a high disease burden, underdiagnosis, and undertreatment.ObjectiveTo further understand unmet needs in patients with psoriasis and p...
Percutaneous Image-Guided Biopsy of the Spleen

Percutaneous spleen biopsy has a small but important role in the diagnostic approach to splenic lesions. Nonetheless, there remain concerns about the safety of the procedure, limiting its use despite evidence that splenic biopsy performed with optimum technique has comparable diagnostic yield and safety as other solid organ biopsies. To assure appropriate use of percutaneous image-guided spleen biopsy, we discuss the rationale, technique, and outcomes of the procedure.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Achilles Tendon

Several different clinical scenarios warrant evaluation of the Achilles tendon with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the main reasons to image the Achilles are pain, trauma, infection, or a mass. Less commonly, an MRI may be used to screen for hypercholesterolemia. Although a diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture is usually evident clinically, the gap between the ruptured ends of the tendon may be difficult to ascertain by physical examination alone. This gap is frequently used to determine which technique will be employed for surgical repair. When the gap is small, and the injury acute, then nonoperative management may be selected (see Chapter 5). In the chronic rupture, when the gap is less than 6 cm, the augmentation techniques can be applied and when the gap is greater than 6 cm, then tendon transfer is selected. It is often useful for the surgeon to know which technique will be best utilized for preoperative planning, and in these situations MRI can be quite helpful.
Method for controlling temperature profiles and water table depths in laboratory sediment columns

Author(s): Tokunaga, TK; Kim, Y; Wan, J; Bill, M; Conrad, M; Dong, W | Abstract: Transport from the soil surface to groundwater is commonly mediated through deeper portions of the vadose zone and capillary fringe, where variations in temperature and water saturation strongly influence biogeochemical processes. This technical note describes a sediment column design that allows laboratory simulation of thermal and hydrologic conditions found in many field settings. Temperature control is particularly important because room temperature is not representative of most subsurface environments. A 2.0-m-tall column was capable of simulating profiles with temperatures ranging from 3 to 22°C, encompassing the full range of seasonal temperature variation observed in the deep vadose zone and capillary fringe of a semiarid floodplain in western Colorado. The water table was varied within the lower 0.8-m section of the column, and profiles of water content and matric potential were measured. Vadose zone CO2 collected from depth-distributed gas samplers under representative seasonal conditions reflected the influences of temperature and water table depth on microbial respiration. Thus, realistic subsurface biogeochemical dynamics can be simulated in the laboratory through establishing column profiles that represent seasonal thermal and hydrologic conditions.
Duplicated Prostate Artery Central Gland Blood Supply: A Retrospective Analysis and Classification System.

Abstract Angiograms and cone-beam computed tomography scans of 36 consecutive prostate artery embolization patients (72 hemipelves) between October 2014 and February 2018 were reviewed. The hemipelves were classified according to the presence of dual central gland (CG) blood supply and the pattern of vascularization: Type 1 with a single CG blood supply (83.3%; n = 60); Type 2 with 2 independent CG arteries with overlapping territories (9.7%; n = 7); and Type 3 with 2 independent CG arteries with isolated territories (7%; n = 5). Up to 20% of pelvic sides may have more than 1 independent CG prostate artery that should be searched for during prostate artery embolization.
Abstract A30: Ron kinase inhibition to improve immunotherapy for breast cancer metastasis

Metastasis is the cause of death for nearly all types of cancer, including breast cancer. An exciting new area of research in metastatic breast cancer centers on immune therapy. Although new immune checkpoint blockade therapies have provided benefit for a fraction of patients tested so far, the majority of patients still do not respond to these drugs. A better understanding of how the immune system can be harnessed against metastatic breast cancer is required in order to improve patient outcomes in this area. We previously discovered that macrophage Ron receptor tyrosine kinase promotes breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. We hypothesized that dual blockade of Ron activity and existing immune checkpoint molecules would unleash a more effective CD8+ T cell response to control or eliminate metastatic breast cancer. Our strategy would simultaneously disable tumor-mediated immune evasion mechanisms on both the innate and adaptive immune systems. To test the potential of combination therapy, the Ron inhibitor BMS-777607 and/or the immune checkpoint blocking agents anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4, were administered in our mouse mammary tumor model to examine the effects on breast tumor progression. To examine Ron-specific effects of BMS-777607, we also examined the effect of genetic deletion of host Ron signaling activity in combination with immunotherapy. The anti-tumor immune response was comprehensively examined by multi-color flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Our data suggest that the combination of Ron inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade may be an effective therapy in breast cancer. Citation Format: Shu Chin Alicia Lai, Atakan Ekiz, Alana Welm. Ron kinase inhibition to improve immunotherapy for breast cancer metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A30.
Sustainable innovation behavior in restaurants

Although a major contributor to environmental degradation and global climate change, most city administrators, policymakers and regulators do not hold restaurants accountable for their adverse impa...
Effect of flavour manipulation on low and high-frequency waterpipe users’ puff topography, toxicant exposures and subjective experiences

Background Flavoured tobacco is one of the major factors behind the popularity of waterpipe (WP) smoking in the USA and internationally. The current study examined the impact of flavour manipulation on satisfaction, puff topography and toxicant exposure among high-frequency and low-frequency WP users. Method This cross-over study was conducted among 144 current (past month) WP smokers reporting WP smoking less than once a week (low-frequency users; n=69) or at least once a week (high-frequency users; n=75) in the past 6 months. Participants attended two counterbalanced 45 min ad libitum smoking sessions that differed by flavour (preferred flavoured vs unflavoured tobacco), preceded by ≥12 hours of tobacco use abstinence. Outcome measures included puff topography, expired carbon monoxide (eCO), plasma nicotine and subjective measures. Results Both high-frequency and low-frequency WP users reported an enhanced smoking experience and greater interest in future use after smoking the flavoured compared with unflavoured tobacco (p 0.05 for all). On the other hand, low-frequency users had significantly greater eCO and plasma nicotine concentrations following smoking the unflavoured compared with flavoured tobacco condition (p Conclusions Our results indicate that removing flavours will likely negatively affect WP satisfaction and future use and that such an effect will be more pronounced among high-frequency compared with low-frequency WP smokers.
Role of HIF-1α-miR30a-Snai1 Axis in Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by a severe impairment in lung alveolarization and vascular development. We have previously shown that pulmonary angiogenesis is preserved in hyperoxia-exposed female mice accompanied by increased miR-30a expression, which is a proangiogenic miRNA. Also, miR-30a expression is decreased in human BPD. HIF-1α plays an essential role in postnatal lung development, especially in recovery from hyperoxic injury. Snai1 activation promotes pathological fibrosis through many mechanisms including Endo-MT, which may in turn adversely impact lung vascular development. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that higher miR-30a expression through HIF-1α decreases Snai1 expression in females and attenuates injury in the developing lung. Neonatal male and female mice (C57BL/6) were exposed to hyperoxia (P1-5, 0.95 FiO2) and euthanized on P21. Neonatal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs; 18-24-week gestation donors; 3/group either sex) were subjected to hyperoxia (95% O2 and 5% CO2) or normoxia (air and 5% CO2) up to 72 h. Snai1 expression was measured in HPMECs in vitro and in neonatal mouse lungs in vivo. Also, Snai1 expression was measured in HPMECs after miR-30a mimic and miR-30a inhibitor treatment. To further establish the potential regulation of miR-30a by Hif-1α, miR-30a expression after Hif-1α inhibition was measured in HPMECs. In vivo, Snai1 expression was decreased in neonatal female lungs compared to males at P7. Increased Snai1 expression was seen in male HPMECs upon exposure to hyperoxia in vitro. Treatment with the miR-30a mimic decreased Snai1 expression in HPMECs, while miR-30a inhibition significantly increased Snai1 expression in HPMECs. siRNA-mediated loss of Hif-1α expression in HPMECs decreased miR-30a expression. Hif-1α may lead to differential sex-specific miR-30a expression and may contribute to protection from hyperoxic lung injury in female neonatal mice through decreased Snai1 expression.
E-144 High clot red blood cell content is associated with first pass success in mechanical thrombectomy

Mechanical Thrombectomy has been associated with improved neurological outcome in large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. To better understand the relationship of LVO clot composition with vessel recanalization, we analyzed individual clots from 94 retrieval passes in 43 AIS patients (65.4±12.7 years, 17 (39.5%) female) who underwent intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy procedures over a 2-year period. Rates of successful vessel recanalization (TICI 2B - 3) for each trial and final result were analyzed. Clot composition was analyzed histologically, and the area occupied primarily by red blood cells (RBC), fibrin, or mixed was quantified. Fibrin (44%) occupied the greatest area in retrieved clots, followed by mixed type (34%) and RBCs (22%). Clot composition was compared to recanalization success, first pass efficacy, patient comorbidities, devices or technique used, and carotid tortuosity score. In 43 patients, there were 94 passes (mean 2.14, range 1–6), 20 patients (47%) had first pass successful revascularization, 41 (95%) achieved successful revascularization, and 19 (48%) had a good outcome at 3 months (mRS 0–2). In the univariate analysis, first pass efficacy was associated with RBC composition and Atrial Fibrillation but not with fibrin composition, mixed composition, type of first pass technique employed, distal emboli, good outcome, or carotid tortuosity score. In the multivariate analysis, first pass efficacy was significantly correlated with RBC composition (p=.05) but not with atrial fibrillation (p=0.07) or other factors. Dense MCA sign on initial CT was correlated with mixed clot composition (p=0.025). RBC clot composition is associated with first pass efficacy in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for LVO. Disclosures J. Johnson: None. A. Srivatsan: None. J. Chueh: None. M. Gounis: 1; C; NIH, NIH NINDS, Various Biomedical Device Industry Grants. A. Puri: None. V. Srinivasan: None. S. Chen: None. J. Burkhardt: None. P. Kan: 1; C; NIH, McDonald Foundation. 2; C; Stryker Neurovascular, Cerenovus, Medtronic.
Clinical, radiologic, and genetic characteristics of histone H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in adults.

Author(s): Schulte, Jessica D; Buerki, Robin A; Lapointe, Sarah; Molinaro, Annette M; Zhang, Yalan; Villanueva-Meyer, Javier E; Perry, Arie; Phillips, Joanna J; Tihan, Tarik; Bollen, Andrew W; Pekmezci, Melike; Butowski, Nicholas; Oberheim Bush, Nancy Ann; Taylor, Jennie W; Chang, Susan M; Theodosopoulos, Philip; Aghi, Manish K; Hervey-Jumper, Shawn L; Berger, Mitchel S; Solomon, David A; Clarke, Jennifer L | Abstract: Background"Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3 K27M-mutant" is a new tumor entity established in the 2016 WHO classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System that comprises a set of diffuse gliomas arising in midline structures and is molecularly defined by a K27M mutation in genes encoding the histone 3 variants H3.3 or H3.1. While this tumor entity is associated with poor prognosis in children, clinical experience in adults remains limited.MethodsPatient demographics, radiologic and pathologic characteristics, treatment course, progression, and patient survival were collected for 60 adult patients with DMG, H3 K27M-mutant. A subset of tumors also underwent next-generation sequencing. Analysis of progression-free survival and overall survival was conducted using Kaplan-Meier modeling, and univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsMedian patient age was 32 years (range 18-71 years). Tumors were centered in the thalamus (n = 34), spinal cord (10), brainstem (5), cerebellum (4), or other midline sites (4), or were multifocal (3). Genomic profiling revealed p.K27M mutations exclusively in the H3F3A gene and an absence of mutations in HIST1H3B or HIST1H3C, which are present in approximately one-third of pediatric DMGs. Accompanying mutations in TP53, PPM1D, FGFR1, NF1, and ATRX were frequently found. The overall survival of this adult cohort was 27.6 months, longer than historical averages for both H3 K27M-mutant DMG in children and IDH-wildtype glioblastoma in adults.ConclusionsTogether, these findings indicate that H3 K27M-mutant DMG represents a heterogeneous disease with regard to outcomes, sites of origin, and molecular pathogenesis in adults versus children.
Telehealth in emergency medicine: A consensus conference to map the intersection of telehealth and emergency medicine.

Introduction Telehealth has the potential to significantly change the specialty of emergency medicine (EM) and has rapidly expanded in EM during the COVID pandemic; however, it is unclear how EM should intersect with telehealth. The field lacks a unified research agenda with priorities for scientific questions on telehealth in EM. Methods Through the 2020 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine's annual consensus conference, experts in EM and telehealth created a research agenda for the topic. The multiyear process used a modified Delphi technique to develop research questions related to telehealth in EM. Research questions were excluded from the final research agenda if they did not meet a threshold of at least 80% of votes indicating "important" or "very important." Results Round 1 of voting included 94 research questions, expanded to 103 questions in round 2 and refined to 36 questions for the final vote. Consensus occurred with a final set of 24 important research questions spanning five breakout group topics. Each breakout group domain was represented in the final set of questions. Examples of the questions include: "Among underserved populations, what are mechanisms by which disparities in emergency care delivery may be exacerbated or ameliorated by telehealth" (health care access) and "In what situations should the quality and safety of telehealth be compared to in-person care and in what situations should it be compared to no care" (quality and safety). Conclusion The primary finding from the process was the breadth of gaps in the evidence for telehealth in EM and telehealth in general. Our consensus process identified priority research questions for the use of and evaluation of telehealth in EM to fill the current knowledge gaps. Support should be provided to answer the research questions to guide the evidenced-based development of telehealth in EM.
Investigation of flexible pavement maintenance patching factors using a finite element model

Patching of flexible pavements is one of the most important functions of pavement maintenance. Although finite element modeling has become commonplace in the world of pavement engineering, modeling has not yet been significantly leveraged for maintenance applications which improve safety, ride quality, and pavement service life. The objective of this study was to model viscoelastic properties of pavement and patching materials to determine the effect of various repair factors on pavement performance using the finite element method. Specifically, surface permanent deformation, local shear stress concentration, and horizontal strain distribution were investigated. Two types of models were simulated; the first model applied static loading to a surface layer fixed on a plate and the second model applied cyclic traffic loading to a two-layered flexible pavement system. The results demonstrate the importance of patching using a semi-permanent method. The results also demonstrated the accumulated effect of repeated loading using a time-dependent material response. Results also indicated that a larger patching area resulted in less influence of the shape of the area, while a circular area proved superior to a conventional rectangular patch for sizes near the tire footprint and smaller than it. Different responses were observed depending on the type of patching material modeled, demonstrating the effect of material choice in maintenance applications. Finally, mesh optimization was performed to ensure appropriate mesh sizes are used in future studies to accurately represent the pavement layers and patches.
This Means War: Using an Advertising War Room Simulation to] Teach Social Media Skills:

The need for hands-on learning in advertising education has been expressed for decades. With the increasing push toward live tweeting by brands, more attention needs to be given in advertising clas...
Materials Considerations for Advances in Submicron Very Large Scale Integration

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the submicron metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and examines the operation of submicron MOSFETs and junction field-effect transistor-metal semiconductor field-effect transistor (JFET-MESFETs). It presents the requirements for switching high-speed logic. It reviews the band structure variation for silicon and the relevant III-V compounds. The theory of random alloys and the band parameter variations, both for ternary and for quaternary alloys, is discussed. The comparison between silicon and various III-V technologies is drawn for devices in the extreme submicron region— that is, devices of 0.1-0.2 μm gate length. The chapter introduces the problem of line-to-line parasitic capacitance. For device sizes in the 0.12- μm or less region, the line-to-line parasitic capacitance begins to dominate the direct-line capacitance in setting the node capacitance. The chapter concludes that the devices fabricated from materials, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium phosphide (InP) offer definitive speed advantages over silicon circuitry. The ternaries and quaternaries offer no advantage over InP in comparable devices, and are severely restricted in packing density by their exceedingly poor value of thermal conductivity.
Culture and child development.

In this chapter, we document key scholarship in integrating culture and child development in the first decade of the 21stst century. We argue that there is a two-fold challenge for an integration of perspectives from cross-cultural, cultural, and developmental psychology: (11) to resolve continuing debates regarding the conceptualization of culture; and (22) to frame the central questions for culturally inclusive theories of development, such that each sub-discipline has something of value to contribute. To address these challenges, we selectively synthesize key scholarship, highlighting two specific areas of convergences that we view as representing the most significant advances in the integration of culture and child development. First, we document emerging convergence about the mutually constitutive nature of individual development and culture. We review promising constructs that integrate person and culture into a single unit of analysis, claiming that these are paving the way for empirical investigations that will advance the development of culturally inclusive theories of human development. Second, we argue that a common interest across all three sub-disciplines in how developmental processes and changes are situated in context is triggering an integration of approaches. We illustrate how, addressing the three goals for cultural developmental science identified by Bornstein (2010) to describe, explain, and interpret the range of cultural variations in human psychological functioning, requires an integration of cross-cultural, cultural, and developmental psychology. Keywords: culture and development; integrative perspectives on development; culturally situated developmental processes; relational and interpretive perspectives on development
Web search: bridging information retrieval and microeconomic modeling

Web search has come to dominate our consciousness as a convenience we take for granted, as a medium for connecting advertisers and buyers, and as a fast-growing revenue source for the companies that provide this service. Following a brief overview of the state of the art and how we got there, this talk covers a spectrum of technical challenges arising in web search- ranging from spam detection to auction mechanisms.
The Minimum Distribution Requirement and Public Policy

This study examines whether the minimum distribution requirement that requires private foundations to spend at least five percent of their assets on charitable purposes should be increased or decreased. The study explicitly states an objective function that the government tries to maximize and a population of heterogeneous philanthropists that care about both distributions to charity and assets under control. An increase in the minimum distribution requirement increases the rate of charitable distributions from some foundations, but deters some philanthropists from forming foundations. Whether the minimum distribution requirement should be increased or decreased depends on the magnitudes of these two effects.
Postmarital residence and bilateral kin associations among hunter-gatherers: Pumé foragers living in the best of both worlds.

Dispersal of individuals from their natal communities at sexual maturity is an important determinant of kin association. In this paper we compare postmarital residence patterns among Pume foragers of Venezuela to investigate the prevalence of sex-biased vs. bilateral residence. This study complements cross-cultural overviews by examining postmarital kin association in relation to individual, longitudinal data on residence within a forager society. Based on cultural norms, the Pume have been characterized as matrilocal. Analysis of Pume marriages over a 25-year period finds a predominant pattern of natalocal residence. We emphasize that natalocality, bilocality, and multilocality accomplish similar ends in maximizing bilateral kin affiliations in contrast to sex-biased residential patterns. Bilateral kin association may be especially important in foraging economies where subsistence activities change throughout the year and large kin networks permit greater potential flexibility in residential mobility.
Distinguishing high surf from volcanic long‐period earthquakes

Repeating long-period (LP) earthquakes are observed at active volcanoes worldwide and are typically attributed to unsteady pressure fluctuations associated with fluid migration through the volcanic plumbing system. Nonvolcanic sources of LP signals include ice movement and glacial outburst floods, and the waveform characteristics and frequency content of these events often make them difficult to distinguish from volcanic LP events. We analyze seismic and infrasound data from an LP swarm recorded at Pagan volcano on 12–14 October 2013 and compare the results to ocean wave data from a nearby buoy. We demonstrate that although the events show strong similarity to volcanic LP signals, the events are not volcanic but due to intense surf generated by a passing typhoon. Seismo-acoustic methods allow for rapid distinction of volcanic LP signals from those generated by large surf and other sources, a critical task for volcano monitoring.
Developmental skills of children with spastic diplegia: Functional and qualitative changes after selective dorsal rhizotomy

Abstract Objective: This study examined changes in muscle tone, passive range of motion, stability, and mobility in developmental skills at 6 months and 1 year after selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR). Design: Prospective outcome study of a consecutive sample. Setting: Private children's hospital. Patients: Twenty-six children with spastic diplegia: 13 independent and 13 dependent ambulators (assistive devices). Results: A decrease in spasticity was seen at 6 months after SDR, with no further decrease at 1 year. Increases in passive range of motion of the hip and ankle were seen at 6 months after SDR. The ability to assume and maintain developmental positions with improved alignment and stability was seen more frequently at 6 months after SDR, whereas an improvement in the ability to perform transitional movements was seen more frequently at 1 year after SDR. Conclusion: SDR decreases spasticity and increases lower extremity range of motion in children with spastic diplegia and appears to be associated with the ability to assume a greater variety of developmental positions with improved alignment, thus greater stability. Improvements in the ability to perform difficult transitional movements at 1 year after SDR are most likely the result of the combined effect of maturation, SDR, and intensive therapeutic intervention.
TUNNELING SYSTEM FOR THE SOUTH POLE

Tunnels have long been a part of specialized facilities found in Greenland and Antarctica. The low temperatures, severe windchill, drifting snow, and prolonged darkness these facilities experience necessitates the use of protective passageways for personnel and utilities. Several attempts have been made to develop subsurface tunneling systems, but technological challenges have limited these systems' effectiveness. In 1996, the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory deployed a subsurface tunneling system at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station for the purpose of excavating a utilidor. This system successfully machined a 125-m-long tunnel in the highly compacted firn adjacent to the station. At a maximum depth of 16 m, the tunnel currently provides a controlled environment for the station's wastewater outfall line. In 2001, a 600-m tunnel was completed. This technical note describes the tunneling system, its use, and lessons learned.
Determination of oil, starch, and protein content of viable intact seeds by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance

Dipolar-decoupled natural abundance13C NMR spectra of some intact seeds have been obtained at 22.6 MHz. The spectra display reasonalby well resolved resonance lines for rigid materials, such as the starch and protein components of the seeds, in addition to well resolved lines for the mobile oil component, and, hence, should be useful in rapid nondestructive analyses of total composition.
A New Technique to Improve Adhesion of Polyaramid Fibers to Thermoplastic

A novel technique is developed to increase interfacial adhesion between organic fibers and thermoplastics. The technique consists of exposing the fiber to a radio-frequency plasma discharge and then immediately coating the fiber with thermoplastic while still in the vacuum environment of the plasma reactor. Increased adhesion is shown using a polyaramid fiber (Kevlar 49) and a polycarbonate resin (Lexan 121). An oxygen-plasma exposure of 4.1 seconds at 24 watts increased interfacial shear strength by 18 percent as evaluated using the critical-filament-length technique. The plasma exposure had no measurable effect on the filament tensile strength or the surface roughness. It is thought that the enhanced adhesion is due to the presence of covalent bonds formed at the interface when free radicals on the fiber are quenched by the thermoplastic. 16 refs.