cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role and mechanism-of-action of Sema3E and Plexin-D1 in vascular and neural development

Class 3 secreted semaphorins (Sema3A-3G) participate in many aspects of axon guidance through holoreceptor complexes that include Neuropilin-1 (Npn-1) or Neuropilin-2 and one of the four class A plexin proteins. However, unlike other Sema3 family proteins, Sema3E directly binds to Plexin-D1 without neuropilins. Its biological function was first explored in intersomitic vessel formation and since its initial discovery, Sema3E-Plexin-D1 signaling has been found to participate in the many biological systems in addition to vascular development, via seemingly different mode of actions. For example, temporal and spatial control of ligand vs. receptor results in two different mechanisms governing vascular patterning. Interactions with other transmembrane proteins such as neuropilin and VEGFR2 result in different axonal behaviors. Ligand receptor localization on pre- vs. post-synaptic neurons is used to control different types of synapse formation. Perhaps different downstream effectors will also result in different functional outcomes. Given the limited number of ligands and receptors in the genome and their multifunctional nature, we expect that more modes of action will be discovered in the future. In this review, we highlight current advances on the mechanisms of how Sema3E-Plexin-D1 interaction shapes the networks of multiple biological systems, in particular the vascular and nervous systems.
Neogene deformation in northern Tunisia: Origin of the eastern Atlas by microplate—continental margin collision

Detailed structural analysis in the southern Hedil region, northern Tunisia, suggests that the area is characterized by normal faulted, southeast-vergent and upright, box- to close-style folds. Fold nappes and imbricate thrust sheets postulated previously are absent in the Hedil, although thrust sheets do occur farther north in the Mogods and Kroumerie regions. A two-stage tectonic model is proposed: (1) middle Miocene progressive deformation involving initial buckle folding and later shear faulting in the Hedil, and southeast-directed thrusting in the Mogods and Kroumerie; and (2) postdeformation extensional faulting parallel to regional fold trends, bimodal (basalt-rhyolite) volcanism, and molasse deposition. Minor, post-Messinian southeast-vergent thrust faulting followed this extensional regime and continues to the present. Maximum principal compressive stress (σ1), horizontal and striking S38°E, is inferred for the middle Miocene deformation. The middle Miocene fold and thrust structures are related to the collision of the counterclockwise-rotating Corsica-Sardinia-Petit Kabylie plate with the Tunisian continental margin. Following this collision, in the Tortonian, the development of a sphenochasm spreading system to the west of the present-day Straits of Sardinia produced the extensional regime that prevailed in northern Tunisia. As spreading continued, the Petit Kabylie rotated clockwise away from Sardinia. Movement ceased when the Petit Kabylie collided with the Algerian continental margin.
Low latency MPI for Meiko CS/2 and ATM clusters

MPI (Message Passing Interface) is a proposed message-passing standard for the development of efficient and portable parallel programs. An implementation of MPI is presented and evaluated for the Meiko CS/2, a 64-node parallel computer, and a network of 8 SGI workstations connected by an ATM switch and an Ethernet.
Histopathology of microvenous repair

The histopathology of microvascular repair was investigated in the femoral vein of the rat. Previous microvascular repair studies have primarily involved arteries, giving little insight to similar processes in veins. In our study, 36 rats with an average weight of 440 gm were randomly assigned to experimental groups of 1 hour, 24 hours, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after repair. Histological evaluation of the suture site included the use of light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Endothelial loss was observed in all 1-hour specimens. Extensive inflammatory response appeared in 2-hour specimens. Re-endothelialization of the intima was achieved in all animals by the 2-week time interval. At 4 weeks, the animals exhibited evidence of medial regeneration of smooth muscle cells. This was predominantly occurring between adjacent suture sites. Minimal subintimal hyperplasia was localized at the suture site itself in both 2- and 4-week specimens.
HORSE: an extension of an r-time signature scheme with fast signing and verification

Source authentication of messages is a valuable tool in communication networks where the source of a message can easily be spoofed. Often, when two parties are communicating, a shared-key message authentication code is sufficient for providing source authentication to both parties. Unfortunately, the utility of a MAC does not extend to a broadcast situation involving three or more parties, so public-key digital signatures have traditionally been used to attain source authentication in group broadcast communications. In this paper, we introduce HORSE, an r-time signature scheme that yields source authentication in the group setting like a public-key signature scheme, only with signature and verification times much closer to those of a MAC. Additionally, HORSE makes much more efficient use of its keys than previous r-time signature schemes.
Shock: A Common Consequence of Neonatal Asphyxia

Neonatal asphyxia is associated with multi-organ hypoxia-ischemia and subsequent dysfunction. The cardiovascular system is frequently affected, causing signs of shock and complicating the neonatal circulatory transition. Hypothermia therapy can improve outcome from neonatal asphyxia without adversely affecting cardiovascular stability. Therapy directed at the cardiovascular system can improve short-term measures of systemic blood flow, but to date has not been demonstrated to improve long-term outcome.
A pigheaded compromise: do competition and predation explain variation in warthog group size?

The reproductive payoff to an individual for participating in a group will often be affected by the size of the group. Competition for resources and predation pressure are 2 primary factors that influence sociality and group size in a variety of species. In this correlative study, I investigated how resource competition and predation influenced group size and female reproduction in the common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus. The distribution of group sizes indicated that group size depended on the age and sex of the participants. Yearlings formed larger groups than adults, whereas adult males and adult females formed similar sized groups, although males were more likely to be solitary. The demand for preferred habitat, clan density, predation pressure, and the time of year explained significant variation in the size of adult female groups but not in the size of adult male or yearling groups. Clan areas with more warthogs per area of preferred habitat were associated with smaller adult female groups, whereas higher densities of warthogs were associated with larger group sizes. Increasing indication of predator presence in a clan area had little influence on grouping behavior in general but resulted in larger female group sizes late in the dry season and with increased sightings of females with juveniles. The relationship between group size and predation pressure may be a consequence of group stability and higher mortality in larger groups. Key words: common warthog, competition, group living, group size, Phacochoerus africanus, predation pressure, sociality. [Behav Ecol]
Impact of Incremental Increases in Cognitive Workload on Physiological Arousal and Performance in Young Adult Drivers

This study examined the sensitivity of heart rate, skin conductance, and respiration rate as measures of mental workload in a simulated driving environment. Workload was systematically manipulated by using increasingly difficult levels of a secondary cognitive task. In a sample of 121 young adults, heart rate increased incrementally with increasing task demand. Significant elevations in skin conductance and respiration rate were also observed. At the lower levels of added workload, secondary task performance was nearly perfect and changes in indices of driving performance were negligible. At the highest level of workload, all three physiological measures appeared to plateau, and a subtle drop in simulated driving performance became detectable. Taken together, the pattern of results indicates that physiological measures can be sensitive to changes in workload before the appearance of clear decrements in driving performance. These findings further highlight a role for physiological monitoring as a means to measure mental workload in product design and functionality research. They also support work exploring the potential for incorporating physiological measures of driver workload and attentional state in future safety systems.
Request order linked list (ROLL): a concurrency control object for centralized and distributed database systems

A database concurrency control object called ROLL (request order linked list), which is a linked list of bit vectors, is introduced together with three simple operations available to transactions: POST, CHECK and RELEASE. POST is used to establish serialization order. CHECK is used to determine current resource availability. RELEASE is used to relinquish resources. ROLL is based on the serialization graph testing method, but no system scheduler module is involved. Using ROLL, waiting, restarting, deadlock and livelock are minimized and almost all operations can be invoked in parallel by individual transaction manager modules. The ROLL object, performance, problems and desirable extensions are discussed. >
A conceptual model for the role of storytelling in design: leveraging narrative inquiry in user-centered design (UCD)

The Prevention through Design (PtD) initiative identifies the design stage as an opportunity to “design out” hazards and risks. An early emphasis on safety enables the reduction of opportunities for error and misuse in healthcare technology, and the corresponding safety and well-being of patients and providers. A pre-condition for preventive design is a deep understanding of users’ characteristics, goals, needs, and contexts of use. Standards recommend a user-centered design process coupled with ethnographic methods (e.g., self-report, observation) to gain this knowledge. However, current human factors methods may not provide an efficient means to explore the problem space during the concept stage. On-site observations require identification of an appropriate observation site, stakeholder buy-in, and IRB approval with adherence to HIPAA regulations. Off-site simulations require task scope, which limits design exploration before it has been initiated. Recommended self-report methods (e.g., interviews, focus groups) also have limitations. In previous work we found that the elicitation of experiences through “storytelling” resulted in the identification of significantly more context of use information than semi-structured interviews. The overall goal of this work is to present storytelling as a method rooted in narrative inquiry that aids designers’ understanding of usability requirements. We present a conceptual model for the role of storytelling in design informed by a synthesis of narrative and design research and apply the model to healthcare technology. We present the Design+Storytelling framework as a means for healthcare designers to operationalize storytelling in their work.
Thioguanine Resistant Lymphocytes as Indicators of Somatic Cell Mutation in Man

This paper briefly reviews studies, which, over the past several years in our laboratory, have resulted in the development of a presumptive test for somatic cell mutation occurring in vivo in man. The test enumerates in vitro variant 6-thioguanine resistant (TGr) peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL’s). Conditions of testing are such that variant-producing events (presumably mutations) antedate the assay and must occur in vivo. Tests of this kind are called direct mutagenicity tests (1) and have unique advantages for human mutagenicity monitoring.
Thromboxane binding and signal transduction in rat glomerular mesangial cells

Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) stimulates contraction of glomerular mesangial cells. However, mesangial cell TxA2 receptors have not been previously characterized. We therefore investigated TxA2 binding and...
Imaging Gene Transcription

Multiphoton microscopy can resolve actively transcribed genes within live polytene cells of Drosophila larval salivary gland tissues. We are exploring the utility of multiphoton photoactivation to observe the three-dimensional movement of proteins involved in transcription.
A validated method of labial minor salivary gland biopsy for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome.

Objectives/Hypothesis To validate a technique and outcomes of labial minor salivary gland biopsy (LSGB) used for the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Clinical data were prospectively obtained pre- and postbiopsy using patient-reported questionnaires. LSGB was performed using described methods. Specimens were analyzed by a pathologist with expertise in SS and assessed using established criteria to determine the focus score. Data were analyzed using cross-tabulations. Results Among the 58 patients in the study, 52 (90%) presented with sicca symptoms of dry eyes and/or mouth. Eight patients (14%) had histopathologic findings supportive of a diagnosis of SS. At 1 month postbiopsy, greater than 71% of patients denied any complaints of pain, swelling, numbness. or tingling. Sixteen patients (28%) had only a minor level of complaints. Only one patient complained of severe numbness at the biopsy site. Greater than 70% of patients would consider rebiopsy after the procedure, if requested by their physician. Conclusions We present a safe and effective method of LSGB for the diagnosis of SS. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2016
Analysis of Surveillance Data of Adverse Events of Immunization in Gaoyou City

[Objective]To analyze the incidence of vaccination reactions and functioning of the surveillance system of suspected abnormal reactions in Gaoyou City.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiology was adopted to monitor the incidence of abnormal reactions after vaccine immunization in Gaoyou City.[Results]Totally 132 cases who experienced abnormal reactions suspected caused by vaccine immunization were reported in 2010.106 cases(80.30%) were reported as general responses,25 cases(18.94%)as abnormal reactions,and 1 case(0.76%)as coincidence.74 cases were under 1 year old,accounting for 56.06%.[Conclusion]In order to improve the quality of vaccination,immunization operations must be standardized,enough inquiries and informs should be made before vaccination and the number of vaccinators should be increased.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare fatal complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) resulting from chronic immunosuppression and impaired cellular immunity. This report discusses 2 cases of PML in patients with acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic BMT. Diagnosis was made based on characteristic brain MRI findings and positive PCR results for John Cunningham virus in the cerebrospinal fluid. Unfortunately, therapeutic options are limited and nearly always result in terminal outcomes. Although immunosuppression is an unavoidable risk of allogeneic BMT, these cases highlight a rare, yet fatal, consequence of prolonged T-cell lymphopenia and impaired cellular immunity after allogeneic BMT in this patient population.
The response of patients with superficial bladder cancer to a second course of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin.

AbstractOf 347 patients who received an initial 6-week course of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder 28 (8%) were treated with another course. Subsequent progression of disease (muscle infiltration, metastasis or local progression) occurred in 13 patients (46%). Of the 15 patients (54%) without progression 10 (36%) had a complete response and 5 (33%) had new tumors, and they were rendered free of disease after transurethral resection. The median duration of response to course 1 of bacillus Calmette-Guerin was shorter for patients with disease progression after course 2 than for those with no progression (15 and 27 months, respectively, p equals 0.05). The median followup after course 2 was 31.2 months (range 15.6 to 56.4 months). The median interval between courses 1 and 2 of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin was 21.6 months (range 3.6 to 78.8 months). The interval from course 2 of bacillus Calmette-Guerin to progression correlated with the ...
Morphological consequences of differential Mg2+ incorporation at structurally distinct steps on calcite

Magnesium is considered the principal modifier of calcite morphology in many natural environments. However, the physical mechanism by which magnesium alters the external form of calcite has remained controversial due to a lack of direct experimental insight. Here we use in situ AFM observations of step dynamics and growth-hillock morphology to resolve the role of Mg2+ in governing calcite surface morphologies. We show that Mg2+ directly modifies the surface morphology of calcite as a consequence of differential interaction with four crystallographically controlled step directions. Step-specific interactions are especially evident at low Mg/Ca ratios in solution, where steps with acute step-edge geometries ([441]− and [481]−) are observed to be rough while obtuse steps ([441]+ and [481]+) remain smooth. Higher Mg/Ca solution ratios cause the edges of both step-types to become rough and the growth spiral to approach an elliptical form. During this process, new [421] step directions are generated by decreased growth velocities at the intersection of the ± directions. As these steps flow along the [010] vector, they accumulate and result in the formation of pseudofacets with an orientation that approximates a (010) face. We propose that this phenomenon is the result of strain at the intersection of nonequivalent step-types, resulting in differential Mg2+ incorporation across the boundary between those steps. This hypothesis is supported by estimates of the incorporated strain as well as observations of growth-hillock recovery from impurity poisoning that indicate the presence of “remembered” strain at the boundary of the nonequivalent step-types. The results of this study offer a plausible molecular-scale explanation for elongate calcite crystals that are commonly observed in sedimentary environments. This novel explanation for habit modification of calcite by impurities arises from step-specific impurity interactions rather than the face-specific interactions commonly assumed in previous models (Folk 1974; Lahann 1978).
Nutritional influences during pregnancy.

Maternal nutrition represents one of the important influences on the course and outcome of pregnancy and attention to nutritional factors (i.e., assessment of nutritional status, dietary advice, and follow-up evaluation) properly constitute an essential component of prenatal care. Nearly all nutrients are required in increased amounts during gestation but the magnitude of the increase varies from nutrient to nutrient. Caloric needs increase by 300 kcal per day, representing an addition of 15 per cent, and should be sufficient to support a weight gain averaging 350 to 400 gm per week during the last two trimesters. Total protein intake during pregnancy should be 1.3 gm per kg for the mature woman and somewhat higher for the adolescent. Gestational needs for iron cannot be met by diet and supplementation (in the form of simple ferrous salts, 30 to 60 mg daily) should be provided. Folate requirements are doubled during pregnancy and, while these can be met by diet, supplementation may be considered as an option. Provision of the gestational calcium allowance from food sources is readily possible if (and only if) daily products are consumed. The generally increased need for other nutrients can be provided readily by the properly selected diet. Thus, with respect to supplements, iron and perhaps folate should be advised routinely while other vitamin-mineral supplements are probably neither helpful nor harmful. Prescription of vitamin-mineral supplements cannot be expected to compensate for poor dietary habits. Dietary restriction of nutrients in general, and energy and sodium in particular, has the potential for impairing the maternal capacity to make the required physiologic adjustments of pregnancy and interfering with fetal development. Restriction of any nutrient to levels below the guidelines provided by the Recommended Dietary Allowances is rarely if ever advisable.
The unreliable informant. Bad information hinders appropriate patient care.

Treating older patients often requires interracting with a caregiver - such as a spouse or adult child - who cares for the patient and provides us with information.
Primary inguinal hernioplasty in the adult.

An illustrated description of the authors’ method of primary repair, employed in 5000 operations over the past 30 years, with a recurrence rate of only 1 per cent. Recent modifications are included.
Towards a Taxonomy for Classifying Intuitive Usability Prediction Strategies in Non-Experts

In order to compare the strategies consumers use to make predictions about the ease-of-use of products, the authors conducted a card sorting exercise with subject-matter experts (SMEs) to refine a coding scheme from current, widely-used usability definitions and measurement tools. Nine SMEs sorted 83 cards containing aspects found in usability definitions, guidelines, measurement tools and descriptions. The resulting fifteen clusters define a coding scheme that is both comprehensive and flexible. The refined taxonomy does not seek to redefine usability, but to provide a mechanism for researchers wanting to use a coding scheme that includes methods for classifying strategies such as usability attribution to system features, metacognitive behaviors (planning and evaluating), and exemplar-based strategies (memory for performing similar tasks).
Does calcium channel blockade have a role in prevention of expression of sepsis in renal transplant recipients

Many antihypertensive agents have been demonstrated to assist in preservation of kidney function, among them those that modulate calcium channels. Calcium channel blockers may also be of value in protecting hemodialysis patients from complications of sepsis. In diabetic recipients of kidney transplant allografts treated with cyclosporine, calcium channel blockade has been retrospectively linked to improved graft preservation and to fewer episodes of sepsis. This brief review outlines clinical and experimental publications on potential protection from sepsis by addition of calcium channel blockers to standard antibiotic therapy in individuals who may or may not have normal kidney function, or in the presence or absence of immunosuppression. Such mechanisms include blockade of antibiotic cytosolic extrusion in the cases of Pneumococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium falciparum malaria, or Schistosoma mansoni; blockade of the calcineurin/calmodulin pathway (in immunosuppressed patients allowing for lower dosage of cyclosporine); stabilization of calcium movement at the level of sarcoplasmic reticulum by which shock (vasopressor instability) is prevented; or of cytosolic calcium influx and cell death (in the case of allograft acute tubular necrosis). Given the high cost of development of new antibiotics, a role for generic calcium channel blockade in sepsis prevention should be pursued by additional studies to investigate potential links between blockade of calcium channels and expression of sepsis in at-risk populations.
Popular Opinion Under Communist Regimes

The totalitarian nature of communist states is generally understood to exclude the existence of a public sphere sufficiently independent of the state to allow the expression of a range of opinions. However, popular opinion, if not a public sphere, did exist and it was monitored extensively by these states, since leaders needed to know about popular responses to their policies and campaigns. This essay explores the limits on the expression of popular opinion in the Soviet Union, China, and Eastern Europe, and the ways in which those limits shifted—and were challenged—over time. If it may be argued that the transformation of popular opinion into a ‘public sphere’ followed the collapse of communism in Poland, and possibly Hungary, ‘civil society’ was relatively insignificant in the collapse elsewhere (or indeed its persistence in the case of China).
Assessing Stories Managers Tell

Seven assessment criteria are developed from applied logic and supported by relevant literature: relevancy, application, factual/lifelike, social construction, effectiveness, has a point, and goodness. These assessment criteria can be used in narrative inquiry by scholars, storytellers, and listeners to assess how well stories meet these criteria and promote the transference of experiential knowledge to practice. To illustrate how these assessment criteria can be used in thematic narrative inquiry, a convenience sample of three city managers was selected, qualitative interviews consisting of previously structured questions were conducted, and stories were elicited. The city managers’ stories were selected and assessed to determine the level of specificity with which the story met the criterion. Based on these assessments, the authors identified the best storyteller from the perspective of the listener, highlighting characteristics of good storytellers. Public management heuristics developed from themes or...
Does a Mobile ECLS Program Reduce Mortality for Patients Transported for ECLS Therapy for Severe Acute Respiratory Failure

Objective To understand if mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation reduces patient mortality during and after transport of patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting University affiliated tertiary care hospitals. Participants Seventy-seven patients. Interventions Introduction of a mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) program designed to facilitate the implementation of ECMO at outside hospitals in patients too unstable for transport for ECMO. Measurements and Main Results The 28-day in-hospital mortality was significantly lower in the post-mobile group (12/51 [23.5%] v 12/24 [50%], adjusted risk difference: 28.6%, [95% CI 4.7-52.5, p = 0.011]). Conclusions These findings suggest that patients with severe acute respiratory failure who require transport to a referral center for extracorporeal life support may benefit from the availability of a mobile extracorporeal life support team.
Superconducting Magnet Power Supply and Hard-Wired Quench Protection at Jefferson Lab for 12 GeV Upgrade

The superconducting magnet system in Hall B being designed and built as part of the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV upgrade requires powering two conduction cooled superconducting magnets-a torus and a solenoid. The torus magnet is designed to operate at 3770 A and the solenoid at 2416 A. Failure modes and effects analysis determined that voltage level thresholds and dump switch operation for magnet protection should be tested and analyzed before incorporating into the system. The designs of the quench protection and voltage tap subsystems were driven by the requirement to use a primary hard-wired quench detection subsystem together with a secondary programmable logic controller (PLC)-based protection. Parallel path voltage taps feed both the primary and the secondary quench protection subsystems. The PLC-based secondary protection is deployed as a backup for the hard-wired quench detection subsystem and also acts directly on the dump switch. We describe a series of tests and modifications carried out on the magnet power supply and the quench protection system to ensure that the superconducting magnet is protected against all fault scenarios.
Stereoselective synthesis of [13C]methyl 2-[15N]amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside derivatives

Abstract Efficient syntheses of three [13C]methyl 2-[15N]amino-2-deoxy-β- d -glucopyranoside derivatives are described. Amination of the d -glucal with (saltmen)Mn(15N) proceeded with 11:1 stereoselectivity favoring the gluco configuration; subsequent methylation of the [15N]lactol using [13C]iodomethane and silver(I) oxide afforded the doubly labeled β glucoside in high yield. This compound served as the common precursor for three [13C]methyl 2-[15N]aminoglucosides: (2-[15N]trifluoroacetyl-), (2-[15N]acetyl-), and (2-[15N]azido-). Selected heteronuclear coupling constants are reported.
The Chicken Littles of Big Science; or, Here Come the Killer Asteroids!

Carl Sagan admitted, “On first hearing about the Asteroid Hazard, many people think of it as a kind of Chicken Little fable.”1 That they do, but Chicken Little, he of “the sky is falling!” fame, never got the Hollywood treatment in the way that the “asteroid hazard” has. The falling sky sells a planet’s worth of DVDs.
Interindustrielle Spillovers als kontrollierbare Informationstransfers

Zur Durchfuhrung risikoreicher, marktubergreifender Innovationsprojekte reicht es nicht mehr aus, nur in die eigene Forschung und Entwicklkung zu investieren. Unternehmen mussen vielmehr die Verbundenheit mit anderen Unternehmen und Organisationen und die Komplementaritaten der Innovationsanstrengungen intensiver fur die eigenen Belange nutzen. In der Kontrolle des Transfers technologischer Spillovers zwischen funktional verbundenen Akteuren liegt fur Unternehmen eine Moglichkeit, diesem Umstand Rechnung zu tragen.
A critical review of the jury simulation paradigm - The case of defendant characteristics

While empirical study of the jury has a long history (cf. Marston, 1924), recent years have witnessed a substantial expansion of research interest. Especially noticeable has been the proliferation of studies involving attempted simulation of jury functioning. The recent popularity of the jury simulation paradigm is probably due to researchers' perception that it offers both theoretical and pragmatic potential. The jury's task, that of making a social judgment based on various kinds of information, provides an arena in which social psychologists can test a variety of theoretical conceptions: the just-world model (Jones & Aronson, 1973), the reinforcement model of attraction (Mitchell & Byrne, 1973), information integration theory (Kaplan & Kemmerick, 1974), social decision scheme models (Davis, Kerr, Atkin, Holt, & Meek, 1975), attribution theory (Izzett & Fishman, 1976), and equity theory (DeJong, Morris, & Hastorf, 1976). At the same time, because of the intrinsic difficulties associated with research on actual juries, the jury simulation paradigm offers an apparently reasonable source of pragmatic insights about jury functioning. For example, legal prohibitions enacted to ensure absolute privacy for the jury (Burchard, 1958) bar social scientists at the door when a real jury retires for deliberation. In addition, the behavioral scientist can exercise only limited experimental control over court
Barium ion leaching from barium titanate powder in water

A submicrometer-sized commercial BaTiO3 (BT) powder was aged in water under three different conditions: pH, aging times, and pre-heat treatments of the powder. The amount of Ba2+ ions leaching from the BT particles was determined by the EDTA titration method. As predicted by thermodynamic calculation, the greater extent and the faster rate of Ba2+ leaching were found at the lower solution pH, leveling off at pH 8. The pre-heat treatments of the BT powder increased the amount of Ba2+ leaching when compared to the as-received one. This result was shown by the formation of soluble surface BaCO3, which was detected using FT-IR spectroscopy. It was also shown that organic passivation agents were effective reducing the Ba2+ leaching but at high solution pH.
Tacrolimus for the treatment of immune-related adverse effects refractory to systemic steroids and anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy:

Immunotherapy treatments in oncology have garnered much attention and use throughout the past several years. With increased use and new approvals in many different types of solid tumors and hematological malignancies, practitioners in oncology should have an appreciation and understanding of the potential adverse effects of these unique treatment approaches. The most common adverse effects with immunotherapy treatment are immune-related adverse effects with activation of patients' immune systems against a wide array of tissues and organ systems. Immune-related adverse effects are typically treated first with high doses of immunosuppressive corticosteroids. Patients with immune-related adverse effects refractory to high dose corticosteroid treatment may receive anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy in an attempt to halt the immune system from causing further organ dysfunction. However, these agents are not always successful and other immunomodulatory agents should be considered for refractory cases. Presented here are three patient cases supporting the use of the calcinuerin inhibitor tacrolimus to treat immune-related adverse effects refractory to corticosteroids and anti-tumor necrosis factor α.
Arizona and E-Commerce in the Laboratory

Arriving in Tucson amidst the summer monsoon wind, rain, and lightning, I enroll a small assorted and assertive mix of undergraduate and graduate students ranging from engineering to economics to see what we can learn together from the pursuit of new projects to be defined in-process. I put them through a few of the standard “hand-run” experiments to give them experience from the subject’s perspective, and we read a couple of my first papers. It was early in the semester when Mike Vannoni, an engineering undergraduate, asked if I knew of the PLATO teaching computer system in the library. No, I did not. Mike said that he thought it could be used to run our interactive economics experiments. We checked with the physics professor in charge and the class agreed that this had great potential. We soon all had ideas, projects, and energy for the semester. Without it being any part of our intentions, we were defining a new future for experimental economics and more remarkably, for economic science generally. Several students learned PLATO programming to run the first market and group decision experiments in the laboratory; several enrolled in follow-on special studies courses to continue their projects. Arlington Williams created the first-in-the-world electronic bid-ask double auction trading system, in operation and under continuous development for decades. That class alone produced several joint publications exploring the performance of a variety of auctions, trading, and public good provision mechanisms. For 26 exciting years, we built large on the original Purdue Foundation, a glorious second Camelot for me and many students and faculty.
MHD tangent hyperbolic nanofluid with chemical reaction, viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects

In this article, the motion of a non-Newtonian tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past a stretching sheet is analyzed. Nanofluid is comprised of thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. Magnetic field is implemented in vertical direction under the assumption of low magnetic Reynolds number. The phenomenon of heat transfer has been examined subject to the viscous dissipation and Joule heating whereas the mass transfer has been analyzed under the effect of chemical reaction. The partial differential equations (PDEs) governing the flow, heat and mass transport are re-framed in the form ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by means of the similarity solutions. A numerical procedure known as the Keller-box method has been implemented to obtain the solutions for the accomplished ODEs. The effects of the variations of different involved parameters on fluid temperature, velocity and concentration distributions are disclosed through graphs and analyzed in detail. The features of skin friction, heat and mass transfer coefficient are tabulated and graphed in order to perceive the flow, heat and mass transport processes. It is noticed that an increment in the Weissenberg number results in a reduction in the velocity field.
How to Fix the Gender Disparity in Pediatrics

Since Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman to graduate from an American medical school in 1849, women have made many gains in the health care field. However, as Spector et al1 point out in this issue of Pediatrics , the battle for gender equity in medicine in general, and in pediatrics in particular, is far from over. The real questions for those of us who, like myself, have been in positions to make change are why have we not achieved more progress, and what exactly are we going to do about it? Medicine is doing better than business, in which only 5% of companies had women chief executive officers in 2016,2 and nonmedical higher education, in which only 30% of colleges and universities had women at the highest level of leadership.3 Some progress is being made, as reflected in improvements in the trends toward pay equity, representation among the leadership of academic medical centers and other health care organizations, participation on journal editorial boards, research funding, and recognition by medical societies … Address correspondence to Alice D. Ackerman, MD, MBA, 4069 Postal Dr, #20834, Roanoke, VA 24018. E-mail: adackerman{at}vt.edu
An Atypical Presentation of COVID-19 in a Previously Healthy Young Male With a Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus that has reached pandemic proportions impacting millions globally. Authors feature an atypical case of COVID-19 presenting with a rare cause of abdominal pain and severe hyperglycemia. A 22-year-old male presented to the hospital with a 1-day history of severe abdominal pain. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed findings of epiploic appendagitis (EA) and incidentally noted suspicious pulmonary lesions suggestive of COVID-19. Radiographic findings and distinctive laboratory results led to prompt testing by nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which ultimately confirmed the proposed diagnosis. Additionally, a significantly elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) signified undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. The patient was treated conservatively with supportive measures and made a full recovery. To our knowledge, this is the first case to describe how EA, a rare cause of abdominal pain, indirectly led to the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Improving Drought Preparedness Among Utah Cattle Ranchers

Abstract Because drought impacts are accelerating due to climate change, drought preparedness on western rangelands matters now more than ever. Range professionals perceive, however, that many Utah ranchers remain ill-equipped for drought. The main research objective was to determine why ranchers often don't adopt recommended drought-mitigation tactics. Another objective was to clarify how grazing is managed during drought on federal lands. Fourteen tactics studied included management of water, forage, herds, and finances and access to information and government programs. Data collection included surveys of 429 ranchers and interviews of seven federal employees. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results indicated that 3,133 non-adoption decisions were heavily dominated by the perceived incompatibility between tactics and operational needs; producer situations may often be misunderstood by experts. Weather forecasting tools were typically regarded by ranchers as “too complex,” while Extension information was often viewed as “not useful.” Factors promoting drought preparedness included having a strong livestock-business orientation or a drought-planning mentality. Factors hindering drought preparedness were dominated by advancing rancher age. Grazing permittees benefit from federal drought early-warning systems, yet herd adjustments on allotments were rare during the 2019 drought, pushing forage utilization to the limits. While challenges appear daunting, there are opportunities to enhance drought preparedness, prominently including creative efforts to promote more education and mentoring on operational drought management. Comprehensive, user-friendly drought websites remain rare, yet they can be vital hubs for stakeholders. Such websites must meet diverse communication needs including a greater focus on information requirements of seniors. Drought policies for ranchers should: (1) Eliminate perverse incentives that foster inappropriate risk taking; (2) reward pro-active, risk-management behaviors; and (3) facilitate recruitment of a younger, innovative cohort of new producers. Updating federal management plans could support grazing adjustments that incorporate more grass banking. Unified drought-response guidelines could harmonize agency approaches.
50 anos de evolução nos estudos linguísticos transculturais: da Retórica Contrastiva à Retórica Intercultural

Este trabalho apresenta um panorama historico dos estudos linguisticos transculturais, discorrendo sobre o surgimento da retorica contrastiva por meio do trabalho seminal de Robert Kaplan em 1966 e as contribuicoes de Ulla Connor ao rebatizar tais estudos como retorica intercultural. Explana-se tambem sobre as criticas enderecadas a retorica contrastiva feitas durante os anos 1980, 1990 e 2000 e de que maneira tais criticas redefiniram o quadro teorico-metodologico e o objeto de estudo da disciplina. Conclui-se com exposicao de uma critica a homogeneizacao das distintas culturas retoricas causada pela globalizacao e internacionalizacao do ingles no âmbito academico e nas atividades profissionais.
Servant and transformational leadership: a supply chain management perspective

We examine the association between leadership style (transformational and servant) and the type of supply chain (efficient or responsive) and the impact of employee engagement on customer satisfaction. We propose a model for examining the influence of transformational and servant leadership on the efficient and responsive type supply chains. We present 7 propositions and present a novel view of leadership by viewing it through the lens of contextual leadership theory in which the context is defined by the type of supply chain, effective or responsive. While both transformational and servant leadership are viewed as positive, even normative, forms of leadership, we have found that the efficacy of each type of leadership can be influenced by the context in which they operate and especially in supply chain environments.
Effects of ECG Data Length on Heart Rate Variability among Young Healthy Adults.

The relationship between the robustness of HRV derived by linear and nonlinear methods to the required minimum data lengths has yet to be well understood. The normal electrocardiography (ECG) data of 14 healthy volunteers were applied to 34 HRV measures using various data lengths, and compared with the most prolonged (2000 R peaks or 750 s) by using the Mann–Whitney U test, to determine the 0.05 level of significance. We found that SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, normalized LF, the ratio of LF and HF, and SD1 of the Poincare plot could be adequately computed by small data size (60–100 R peaks). In addition, parameters of RQA did not show any significant differences among 60 and 750 s. However, longer data length (1000 R peaks) is recommended to calculate most other measures. The DFA and Lyapunov exponent might require an even longer data length to show robust results. Conclusions: Our work suggests the optimal minimum data sizes for different HRV measures which can potentially improve the efficiency and save the time and effort for both patients and medical care providers.
Approximate fixed point property and unions of convex disks in the digital plane

Abstract We use results of [6] to enlarge our knowledge of the approximate fixed point property (AFPP) for digital images in Z 2 . In particular, we study conditions under which the union of two convex digital disks has the AFPP.
Glimpse of the Future: Simulating Life with Personally Owned Autonomous Vehicles and Their Implications on Travel Behaviors:

To explore potential travel behavior shifts induced by personally owned, fully autonomous vehicles (AVs), we ran an experiment that provided personal chauffeurs to 43 households in the Sacramento r...
Tampering dynamics: SD-SPC insight

Integrating statistical process control (SPC) with the system dynamics (SD) modeling method gives process managers superior insight into the processes they must manage. This is what replicating Deming's funnel experiment through a SD model shows. SD allows looking at the experiment causally, as opposed to merely looking at coincidental, due to randomness, SPC charts. Looking under the hood, so to speak, one can see how circular, feedback-loop relations among variables in the funnel experiment produce tampering dynamics, as the distribution of control among deterministic feedback loops determines system behavior. Enhancing SPC with system dynamics can help detect, explain and prevent tampering with the processes that managers must manage.
What is an epigenetic transgenerational phenotype?: F3 or F2

The ability of an environmental exposure to induce an epigenetic transgenerational adult onset disease phenotype is discussed in the current mini-review in the context of defining this phenomenon and the associated reproductive toxicology. A gestating female (F0 generation) exposure to an environmental compound results in the F1 generation embryo and F2 generation germ-line being directly exposed, such that the F3 generation is the first not directly exposed to the environmental compound. In contrast, postnatal or adult exposure (F0 generation) results in the F1 generation germ-line being exposed, such that F2 generation is the first to not be directly exposed to the environmental compound. The unequivocal transgenerational transmission of an adult onset disease phenotype through the germ-line requires assessment of the F3 generation for embryonic exposure, and F2 generation for postnatal exposure. This is in contrast to a number of F1 and F2 generation studies referred to as transgenerational. The reproductive toxicology associated with this transgenerational phenotype generally involves the reprogramming of the germ-line epigenome. The biological phenomenon involved in this reproductive toxicology deals with embryonic gonadal development and germ-line differentiation, or postnatally the gametogenesis process and germ cell development. The ability of an environmental compound (e.g. endocrine disruptor) to promote this reprogramming of the germ-line appears to be the causal factor in the epigenetic transgenerational phenotype.
Healthcare workers' choices for medical literature

Healthcare is reliant on the knowledge of the people responsible for making decisions about our health. Internet searching on sites that are simple to use and navigate may entice them to use less precise resources for their research and has the possibility of being detrimental to a patient’s diagnosis and treatment. Librarians should recognize this, and create steps toward reversal. Methods and tools for finding the most trustworthy facts should be introduced to these healthcare workers. Orientations, training sessions, and marketing of services are all means to moving forward with more accurately informed healthcare providers.