cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seeds of accumulation: Molecular breeding and the seed corn industry in Hawai‘i

This paper examines how the application of advances in molecular biology change the relationships between nature and capital through a case study of Hawaiˋi's seed corn industry. Hawaiˋi's relatively minor role as a winter nursery changed in the late 1990s after the seed corn industry was reshaped by a series of techno-scientific innovations and organizational restructuring. We draw attention to a molecular breeding technique called marker-assisted selection (MAS) that accelerates crop improvement cycles by making parent lines selection more efficient and by taking advantage of extra growing seasons in tropical locations such as Hawaiˋi. Additionally, we argue that a wider application of MAS enhances seed firms’ geographical flexibility, allowing them to capitalize on the institutional rents of Hawaiˋi's agrarian politics and overcome challenges that might emerge in the future.
When Nature Strikes Back: The Inconvenient Apocalypse in Franz Hohler’s Der Neue Berg

With grotesque humor, the Swiss author Hans Hohler showcases in his debut novel Der neue Berg (1989) the inability of officials and bureaucrats to come to terms with the fact that on a hill in the midst of Zurich’s sprawling agglomeration, a volcano is about to erupt. Instead of afflicting a remote region, a mysterious force has brought Earth’s fire to an urban center where the planet is abused on a daily basis. Contrary to doomsday scenarios in popular culture that seek to entertain and thrill the audience, the chain of events in the novel reveals a sublime mythic power whose utter incomprehensibility shatters preconceived notions of risk—an alienating effect that awakens the readers’ own awareness of their dependence on the “goodwill” of nature.
Tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile-crosslinked β-cyclodextrin polymers for efficient extraction and recovery of organic micropollutants from water.

Abstract In this study, we evaluated the performance of a novel tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile-crosslinked β-cyclodextrin polymer (TFN-CDP) as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) material for the recovery of up to 189 diverse organic micropollutants (MPs) from water. The optimized extraction procedure requires loading of water samples adjusted to a pH of 3 onto 500 mg of TFN-CDP packed into an SPE cartridge. Under these conditions, 88.7% of the MPs have average extraction efficiencies greater than 80%. The optimized recovery procedure requires elution with 15 mL of methanol amended with 15 mg of calcium chloride. Under these conditions, 58.4% of the MPs have average absolute recoveries between 80% and 120%. We compared the performance of the optimized SPE method for TFN-CDP with a previously optimized SPE method employing hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) adsorbents in nanopure water and in wastewater-impacted surface water. The data indicate that the optimized TFN-CDP method performs as well as or better than the optimized HLB-based SPE method. These findings represent an important step forward in the development of sustainable and inexpensive materials for the extraction and recovery of organic MPs from water.
PFOA and ulcerative colitis.

Abstract Introduction PFOA (perfluoroctanoic acid) is a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). Although use in the US has been phased out, PFOA persists indefinitely in the environment, and is present in the serum of virtually all people in industrialized countries. Approximately 6 million Americans drink water comtaminated with PFOA above EPA-recommended levels. In a previous cohort study (n = 32,000), we found a strong positive exposure-response relation between PFOA serum levels and subsequent ulcerative colitis (UC) in a high-exposed population from the mid-Ohio valley, but no association with Crohn's disease. In the present study we aimed to determine if UC cases had higher levels of PFOA than did controls or Crohn's disease patients. Methods We measured PFOA and three other PFAS in the serum of 114 UC patients, 60 Crohn's disease patients, and 75 controls, within a year of diagnosis. We conducted regression analyses to assess the association of the PFAS with diagnosis. Results The mean age of subjects was 17 years. The mean year of diagnosis was 2007. Mean levels of PFAS were similar to US levels. Mean log PFOA level in UC patients was 38% higher (p = 0.01) than the combined group of Crohn's disease and controls. In contrast, the three other PFASs were significantly higher in controls and Crohn's patients than UC patients. The odds ratio for UC per one unit of log PFOA was 1.60 (95% CI 1.14–2.24), but the trend by quintiles was not monotonic (1, 0.84, 40.98, 33.36, 2.86). Conclusion We found higher serum PFOA in UC cases compared to Crohn's disease patients or controls, in contrast to other PFAS. Our research is limited by not knowing if the elevated PFOA preceded UC in this population.
Getting the 'Message' on Free Trade: Globalization, Jobs and the World According to Trump

During the presidential campaign of 2016, Donald Trump successfully marshaled years of repressed popular anger over job losses and the erosion of the middle class, caused in part by a globalizing economy and the movement of the American manufacturing base to other parts of the world. Although a great deal of job loss in the American “heartland” was caused by automation, there is little doubt that many factories were closed and moved abroad with no regard for the devastated middle-class workers left behind. This outsourcing of the American workforce was the result of free trade laws devised in the 1990s, resistance to which mainstream politicians and scholars had largely failed to take seriously. Trump articulated and channeled this populist anger, while ignoring the opportunistic role played by American corporations in taking advantage of free trade rules to move their operations abroad in pursuit of greater profitability. Trump also distorted public understanding of the problem by emphasizing the idea that other countries had “taken advantage of” and “ripped off” the United States. In this, he relied on an untapped well of resentment among American workers, seducing voters with the promise that he could renegotiate these deals and restore a lost economic world in which they had felt more secure. This article argues that global free trade and the laws that support it have complex purposes, and mixed economic effects. While job losses have occurred, globalization has also brought about benefits in terms of peace and international understanding. This article also explores the important legal question of whether and how one president is capable of bringing down the entire world trading system, built up over several decades. In addition, the reasons behind the obvious failure of trade law specialists to confront the contradictions posed by free trade doctrine, and the extent to which they failed to prescribe remedies for its adverse fallout are also analyzed in depth. Finally, this article suggests possible remedies to protect American workers against the ill effects of labor outsourcing, but notes that few if any American politicians have seriously pursued such remedies, for instance by drafting statutes to that end. Empowering workers in corporate decision making and imposing serious penalties on corporations when jobs are lost through outsourcing are methods that have scarcely been tried.
Kundenerlebnisse managen: Der Customer Experience Ansatz

Der Beitrag gibt einen Uberblick uber das Customer Experience Management (CEM), ein Ansatz des strategischen Managements, das Erlebnisse von Kunden mit einer Marke an samtlichen Kontaktpunkten thematisiert. Funf Erlebnismodule (sensorische, affektive, kognitive, verhaltensbezogene und soziale Erlebnisse) werden unterschieden und ein Funf-Stufen-Modell vorgestellt, mit denen Manager Kundenerlebnisse analysieren, eine Erlebnisplattform aufbauen und diese anschliesend im Markt und in ihrem Unternehmen implementieren konnen.
Effects of Sympathomimetic and Sympatholytic Drugs on Exercise Performance

This article has presented information on the importance of the sympathetic nervous system in the response to exercise. The authors have reviewed the very limited information on the effects of sympathomimetic and sympatholytic drugs on exercise performance in the horse. Most of these drugs are specifically prohibited under the rules of racing, and they have significant side effects that either decrease performance or make their use dangerous to both the horse and horse-man. Additionally, all of these drugs or their metabolites are readily detected by current drug testing protocols. Further information is needed to expand our knowledge of how each of these substances affects the health of the equine athlete.
The Paramagnetic Mixed State

It will be recalled that (13–57) and its predecessor (13–44) relied on the validity of replacing g n (H c ) with g n (H a ) (cf. (13–43) and (13–44)). Obviously if g is field-dependent to an extent beyond that already implied in the derivations of these relationships, as it is when the normal-state and mixed-state paramagnetisms must be taken into consideration, the original energy- balance is upset and the equilibrium has to be reevaluated. The goals of the various paramagnetic theories of the mixed state have been to take into account the effects of these additional paramagnetic energy terms while developing expressions for the temperature dependence of the upper critical field (now reduced from H*c2 to Hc2 through the intervention of a paramagnetically limited upper critical field, H p ), and, peripherally, to provide guidance to the designers of high-Hc2 superconductors.
A High-Fidelity Multiphysics Model for the New Solid Oxide Iron-Air Redox Battery: Part I: Bridging Mass Transport and Charge Transfer with Redox Cycle Kinetics

A high-fidelity two-dimensional axial symmetrical multi-physics model is described in this paper as an effort to simulate the cycle performance of a recently discovered solid oxide metal-air redox battery (SOMARB). The model collectively considers mass transport, charge transfer and chemical redox cycle kinetics occurring across the components of the battery, and is validated by experimental data obtained from independent research. In particular, the redox kinetics at the energy storage unit is well represented by Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) and Shrinking Core models. The results explicitly show that the reduction of Fe3O4 during the charging cycle limits the overall performance. Distributions of electrode potential, overpotential, Nernst potential, and H2/H2O-concentration across various components of the battery are also systematically investigated.
Aquacity Versus Austerity: The Politics and Poetics of Irish Water

The global financial crisis of 2008 was, and is, a crisis of the commons. The policies of austerity and privatization enacted by European governments in response to the crisis only brought this fact into sharper relief. In Ireland when the government resolved to privatize its water infrastructure in 2013, an unexpectedly strong popular resistance movement took to the streets in protest. Water supply is often symbolic of the commons, and in Irish literature, there is a peculiarly strong tradition of thematizing and formalizing waterworks as an exemplary instance of what Bonnie Honig calls a ‘public thing’. This chapter recounts the recent political history of Irish Water alongside the nearly 100 year literary history of Irish water in Irish fiction, from James Joyce’s Ulysses to Flann O’Brien’s The Third Policeman and, most recently, to Mike McCormack’s Solar Bones. In the figure of Irish water, the Irish literary tradition speaks with urgency to the Irish neoliberal condition.
Using Phenological Niche Separation to Improve Management in a Northern Glaciated Plains Grassland

Many of the remaining patches of untilled (native) prairie in the Northern Glaciated Plains of North America are heavily invaded by the cool‐season grasses, Bromus inermis and Poa pratensis. However, the native vegetation in these patches contains many warm‐season species. This difference in phenology can be used to benefit restoration. We conducted an experiment to examine the efficacy of restoration treatments (mowing and prescribed fire) applied early in the growing season for consecutive years to decrease cool‐season invasive plant biomass without impacting the native warm‐season species. Our treatments were successful at significantly decreasing invasive cool‐season plant biomass and increasing native warm‐season plant biomass. No differences between treatments (mowing and prescribed fire) were found. Results suggest that incorporating differences in phenology between target and nontarget species into management may increase restoration success.
Increasing trend of bilateral neck exploration in primary hyperparathyroidism

Abstract Background Bilateral neck exploration was the standard operation for primary hyperparathyroidism. With improvements in preoperative localization and use of intraoperative PTH (ioPTH) monitoring, minimally invasive unilateral neck exploration has been widely adopted. This study evaluates the trend in parathyroidectomies for primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods Parathyroidectomy for sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism was analyzed from 2010 to 2017. Exclusion criteria included previous neck surgery and concomitant procedures. The operations were classified as unilateral exploration (UE), UE converted to bilateral exploration (BE), or BE. Variables included preoperative and intraoperative factors. Outcomes included persistence, recurrence, permanent hypocalcemia and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. Results Four hundred thirty-one patients were reviewed. Since 2010, the rate of BE has increased from 30% to 50%. Disease duration, presence of bone disease, negative localization, baseline ioPTH Conclusions This study shows an increasing trend in BE for primary hyperparathyroidism. This increase was associated with lower baseline intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) levels and smaller gland size. The operative approach for parathyroidectomy should be individualized and surgeons should not hesitate to perform BE when needed.
Sparking Creativity: Composition in Middle School General Music.

Middle school students are old enough to be capable of abstract thought and critical thinking while still being playful and joyfully goofy! Through music composition in general music classes, middl...
Is the Effect of Competition on Price Dispersion Nonmonotonic? Evidence from the U.S. Airline Industry

We investigate the effect of competition on price dispersion in the airline industry. Using panel data from 1993 to 2008, we find a nonmonotonic effect of competition on price dispersion. An increase in competition is associated with greater price dispersion in concentrated markets but with less price dispersion in competitive markets—an inverse-U relationship. Our empirical findings are consistent with an oligopolistic second-degree price discrimination model and encompass contradictory findings in the literature.
Quality indicators in surgical palliative care: a systematic review.

Abstract Context Defining high quality palliative care in seriously ill surgical patients is essential to provide patient-centered surgical care. Quality indicators specifically for seriously ill surgical patients are necessary in order to integrate palliative care into existing surgical quality improvement programs. Objectives To identify existing quality indicators that measure palliative care delivery in seriously ill surgical patients, characterize their development, and assess their methodological quality. Methods A PRISMA-guided systematic review included studies that reported on the development process and characteristics of palliative care quality indicators and guidelines in adult surgical patients. Relevant measures were categorized into the previously defined National Consensus Project domains of palliative care and the Donabedian quality framework, and assessed for methodological quality. Results There were 263 unique measures identified from 26 studies, of which 70% were process measures. Indicators addressing Care of the Patient Near the End of Life (31.5%) and Physical Aspects of Care (20.8%) were the most common. Indicators addressing Spiritual (2.6%) and Cultural Aspects of Care (1.2%) were the least common. Methodological quality varied widely across studies. Although most studies defined a purpose for the indicators and used scientific evidence, many studies lacked input from target populations and few had discussed the practical application of indicators. Conclusion This review was a key step that informed efforts to develop quality indicators for seriously ill surgical patients. Few indicators addressed non-physical aspects of suffering and no indicators were identified addressing palliative surgery. Future attention is needed toward the development and practical application of palliative care quality indicators in surgical patients.
Care Process Improvement in Total Knee Arthroplasty Using the Concept of Patient Flow

Background & problem Improving the process of care may effectively improve the quality of medical care and increase patient satisfaction. An investigation found that the process of care used in our unit was imperfect, resulting in a low preoperative enrollment rate of case managers, overly long patient waiting times for ward assignment, insufficient pre-operative knowledge, and high cancellation rates for routine operations. Purpose The aim of this project was to review the overall process of care using the concept of patient flow to improve and formulate countermeasures to improve quality of care. Resolution To improve the process of care, the corresponding countermeasures were formulated. 1. Set criteria for enrollment for orthopedic case managers to increase the preoperative enrollment rate; 2. Set up a specialized arthroplasty care area for central case management to reduce the time patients need to wait for the ward; and 3. Improve patient compliance with preoperative education and reduce the operation cancellation rate by distributing patient education pamphlets, filming videos of pre-operative instructions, facilitating home environment preparation, and providing education on sterilization baths. Results After implementation of the countermeasures, the preoperative case manager enrollment rate increased from 27.8% to 84.6%; the average ward wait time for patients reduced from 73 to 41 minutes; compliance with patient education increased from 83.0% to 100%; and the operation cancellation rate reduced from 11.1% to 0%. Conclusions This project used the concept of patient flow to review the care process used for total knee arthroplasty. This improvement strategy may be used to standardize care processes and improve the quality of medical care provided.
Blockchain Technology Use on Transactions of Crypto Currency with Machinery & Electronic Goods

Blockchain technology used in transactions of cryptocurrency with machinery & electronic goods deals with keeping the transactions secure by using blockchain technology so that machinery and electronic goods can be bought by cryptocurrencies. Currently, there are transactions from cryptocurrency based on blockchain networks that can be done securely. The name is coined from the arrangement of records. Single records are referred to as blocks. They are also connected in a list known as chains. Transactions on the blockchain network can be kept secure. Cryptocurrencies can be used just like the normal centralized currencies for any kind of transaction on the blockchain network.
Ultrafast Energy Transfer Within the Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Center

Energy transfer from the accessory bacteriochlorophylls to the special pair within the reaction center requires ~120 fs.
Windows on National and International Affairs

When I was elected a member of the Council of the AMS in 1957, I was exposed more directly than before to national meteorological affairs. From that time forward, I can now recognize, my interests gradually broadened to include institutional matters and science policy, and this broadening is reflected clearly in the chronological list of my publications.24 However, the central motivation throughout my career has been to strengthen the department and to move the UW toward becoming a leading center of education and research in the atmospheric sciences. I have considered activities relating to policy as important contributors in that quest.
Queueing for Multi-Stage Packet Networks

In chapter 9, we formulated the multi-stage circuit switching problem as a multi-commodity resource allocation problem, for which a terminal pair requests the simultaneous allocation of bandwidth on a set of links In contrast, packet switching does not require simultaneous allocation but allocation on a link-by-link basis. Local conflicts in resource allocation result in queueing. Based on results for single stage queueing developed in the previous chapter, we approximate the queueing behavior in multi-stage packet networks in this chapter. The first two sections deal with more general results such as reversibility and product form solutions for networks. The last three sections discuss performance analysis methods for buffered banyan networks under different traffic assumptions.
Partitions of 2ω and completely ultrametrizable spaces

Abstract We prove that, for every n , the topological space ω n ω (where ω n has the discrete topology) can be partitioned into ℵ n copies of the Baire space. Using this fact, we then prove two new theorems about completely ultrametrizable spaces. We say that Y is a condensation of X if there is a continuous bijection f : X → Y . First, it is proved that ω ω is a condensation of ω n ω if and only if ω ω can be partitioned into ℵ n Borel sets, and some consistency results are given regarding such partitions. It is also proved that it is consistent with ZFC that, for any n ω , c = ω n and there are exactly n + 3 similarity types of perfect completely ultrametrizable spaces of size c . These results answer two questions of the first author from [1] .
Business attributes of successful music groups: an analysis of three measures of success.

Abstract Very little research exists on the marketing and management of musical groups. The purpose of this paper is to examine the business practices of musical groups through exploratory research. Music is a service industry, but it has some special characterisitcs in terms of the standard criteria used to define a service and in its relationship with stakeholders. Success of a musical group was hypothesized to be related to use of outside professionals and using the Internet for promotion, and attitudes towards stakeholders. The questionnaire was distributed through the Louisiana Music Directory. Three items from the questionnaire were used as measures of relative success of the bands: I (we) sold the following number of units of the last recording I (we) produced (closed choice). The typical amount of money I or my band makes from a gig per person is (closed choice). My band has gone on tour within the past year (yes/no). Our exploratory results indicated generally that the success measures were signi...
Two glycogen synthase isoforms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are coded by distinct genes that are differentially controlled.

In previous work, we identified a Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycogen synthase gene, GSY1, which codes for an 85-kDa polypeptide present in purified yeast glycogen synthase (Farkas, I., Hardy, T.A., DePaoli-Roach, A.A., and Roach, P.J. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 20879-20886). We have now cloned another gene, GSY2, which encodes a second S. cerevisiae glycogen synthase. The GSY2 sequence predicts a protein of 704 residues, molecular weight 79,963, with 80% identity to the protein encoded by GSY1. Amino acid sequences obtained from a second polypeptide of 77 kDa present in yeast glycogen synthase preparations matched those predicted by GSY2. GSY1 resides on chromosome VI, and GSY2 is located on chromosome XII. Disruption of the GSY1 gene produced a strain retaining about 85% of wild type glycogen synthase activity at stationary phase, while disruption of the GSY2 gene yielded a strain with only about 10% of wild type enzyme activity. The level of glycogen synthase activity in yeast cells disrupted for GSY1 increased in stationary phase, whereas the activity remained at a constant low level in cells disrupted for GSY2. Disruption of both genes resulted in a viable haploid that totally lacked glycogen synthase activity and was defective in glycogen deposition. In conclusion, yeast expresses two forms of glycogen synthase with activity levels that behave differently in the growth cycle. The GSY2 gene product appears to be the predominant glycogen synthase with activity linked to nutrient depletion.
Abstract 9401: Medicare Readmission Penalties and Their Socioeconomic Correlates in Urban Hospitals

In 2013, 2,200 U.S. hospitals forfeited more than $280 million in Medicare funds due to readmission penalties (RPs) for heart failure, pneumonia and myocardial infarction stipulated by the Affordable Care Act. This study evaluated the RPs in the hospitals of large cities, in comparison with other areas within and between states. Methods: Medicare RPs for 2013 (ranging 0 to 1%) were compared along with census and socioeconomic data for the largest city in each of 49 states in the United States, excluding Maryland due to its ongoing Medicare demonstration project. Improvements in RPs for 2014 in each urban area were tabulated. Results: There was a significant correlation between RPs and the size of the population of the cities (r = 0.37, p Conclusion: RPs reduce Medicare payments to inner-city hospitals, such as those in Detroit, MI and Newark, NJ, and disproportionately lower payments to large cities with poorer, underemployed and undereducated populations. This may have the unintended consequence of further reducing access care from safety-net hospitals.
Discounting Tax Shields and the Unlevered Cost of Capital

This note derives the relationship between the firm’s unlevered cost of capital and its equity cost of capital for a variety of settings. In addition to unifying a number of existing results, a new arbitrage proof is provided which establishes conditions under which the appropriate discount rate of the firm’s interest tax shields will equal its unlevered cost of capital. These conditions specify that the firm maintains a target leverage ratio, which means that its debt is continuously adjusted according to a target debt-equity (equivalently, debt-to-value) ratio, or to maintain a target interest coverage ratio. This target ratio may vary idiosyncratically over time. Additionally, the firm must have a horizon independent cost of capital, which means that its near-term and long-run cash flows have equivalent current market risk.
Pseudo-inverse with increasing threshold: an error-recovery pattern recognition algorithm

A pseudo-inverse algorithm with an increasing threshold value for pattern recognition is presented. This method is particularly useful when the original matrix is not a square matrix. The algorithm and its implementation are studied. Using English capital letters as samples, the error-recovery capability of the proposed algorithm is observed to be better than that of the fixed threshold algorithm. Noisy patterns with 20% errors, i.e., 12 in Hamming distance, can be recognized using this approach. >
ARCHBISHOP MANNING AND THE KULTURKAMPF

It is not surprising that Henry Edward Manning had strong opinions about the Kulturkampf, Otto von Bismarcks effort in the early 1870’s to bring the Roman Catholic Church in Germany under the control of the State. As head of the Catholic Church in England, it appropriately fell to Manning to condemn what most British Catholics would have seen as the persecution of their Church in the new German Empire. Moreover, Manning knew personally the bishops involved in the conflict with Bismarck from their time together at the Vatican Council. Indeed, he was well acquainted with some of them who had played important roles, either for or against, in the great controversies of the Council that led to the definition of Papal Infallibility. MiecisIaus Ledochowski, Archbishop of Gnesen and Posen, imprisoned and expelled from his see by the German government in 1874, had, together with Manning, been a prominent infallibilist. Paulus Melchers, Archbishop of Cologne, and leader of the German inopportunists, suffered the same penalty. The bishops of Breslau, Trier and Paderborn, all of whom had played significant roles at the Council, the first two against, the latter for the definition, were either imprisoned, expelled, or both. Manning considered these men to have suffered for the cause of religious liberty, and could not understand the indifference of British politicians, especially of liberals like Gladstone, to their fate.
Neural network control of a virtual vehicle

This paper describes an approach to neural network-based lateral control of an autonomous road vehicle. It discusses elements of a driving simulator, a neural network controller and some operational results. Tests demonstrate that the control system is capable of robust performance over an envelope for which training had been performed at only a sparse distribution of points. >
Expansins and Internodal Growth of Deepwater Rice

The distribution and activity of the cell wall-loosening protein expansin is correlated with internodal growth in deepwater rice (Oryza sativa L.). Acid-induced extension of native cell walls and reconstituted extension of boiled cell walls were confined to the growing region of the internode, i.e. to the intercalary meristem (IM) and the elongation zone. Immunolocalization by tissue printing and immunoblot analysis, using antibody against cucumber expansin 29 as a probe, confirmed that rice expansin occurred primarily in the IM and elongation zone. Rice expansin was localized mainly around the vascular bundles at the base of the IM and along the inner epidermal cell layer surrounding the internodal cavity. Submergence greatly promoted the growth of rice internodes, and cell walls of submerged internodes extended much more in response to acidification than did the cell walls of air-grown internodes. Susceptibility of cell walls to added expansin was also increased in submerged internodes, and analysis by immunoblotting showed that cell walls of submerged internodes contained more expansin than did cell walls of air-grown internodes. Based on these data, we propose that expansin is involved in mediating rapid internodal elongation in submerged deepwater rice internodes.
With and without warning: managing ecosystems in a changing world

Many ecosystems are likely to experience abrupt changes and extreme conditions due to forces such as climate change. These events and their consequences – including the loss of ecosystem services – may be predictable or may occur without warning. Given these considerations, greater efforts are needed in two areas of research: improvements in early warning capability and advances in the management of ecosystems to enhance resilience. Current research has provided enhanced forecasting ability, scenario analysis, and detection of statistical anomalies that indicate abrupt change, but two key concerns remain: the detection of early warning signs near thresholds of change and the use of such warnings for ecosystem management. Furthermore, there may be no advance warning for some types of abrupt change, reinforcing the need to enhance resilience by managing ecosystems to reduce the possibility of crossing thresholds of change. Designing and implementing large-scale management programs is one way to confront the...
The Explanatory Role of Stroke as a Mediator of the Mortality Risk Difference Between Older Adults Who Initiate First- Versus Second-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs

Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat dementia-related symptoms in older adults, and observational studies show higher risks of death and stroke associated with the use of first-generation antipsychotic drugs (FGAs) compared with second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs). However, the extent to which stroke explains the differential mortality risk between FGA use and SGA use in older adults is unclear. We followed those who initiated use of antipsychotic drugs (9,777 FGA users and 21,164 SGA users) aged 65 years or older, and who were enrolled in Medicare and either the New Jersey or Pennsylvania pharmacy assistance program during 1994 to 2005, over 180 days for the outcomes of stroke and death. We estimated direct and indirect effects by comparing 180-day mortality risks associated with the use of FGAs versus SGAs as mediated by stroke on the risk ratio scale, as well as the proportion mediated on the risk difference scale. FGA use was associated with marginally higher risks of stroke (risk ratio =1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.53) and death (risk ratio = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22) compared with SGA use, but stroke explained little (2.7%) of the observed difference in mortality risk. The indirect effect was null (risk ratio = 1.004, 95% CI: 1.000, 1.008), and the direct effect was equal to the total effect of antipsychotic drug type (FGA vs. SGA) on mortality risk (risk ratio = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22). These results suggest that the difference in mortality risk between users of FGAs and SGAs may develop mostly through pathways that do not involve stroke.
Discrete-Time Adaptive Control of Linear Fast Time-Varying Systems

In this paper the author extends the previous work of Xie and Evans (1984) on discrete-time adaptive control for deterministic time-varying systems to the case of systems with time polynomial parameters. A convergence proof in the case where the plant parameters are outputs of a linear system is given.
Supercurrent peaks in planar high-temperature superconducting Josephson junctions

We investigate the current-voltage $(\mathrm{IV})$ characteristics of planar high-temperature superconducting Josephson junctions in the physically relevant overdamped limit. We show that the nonuniform bias current distribution induced by the planar geometry leads to unexpected modifications of the $\mathrm{IV}$ characteristic, including a resonancelike supercurrent peak that moves with applied magnetic field. We show that these are not resonance effects, but are due to a dynamical instability in the supercurrent distribution. All of the several bias distributions investigated result in the field-dependent supercurrent peaks.
Major League Baseball under investigation: how the industry used public relations to promote its past to save its present

Abstract This study used Berger's (1999) four characteristics of organizational public relations to examine how Major League Baseball (MLB) responded to the 1951–1952 congressional investigation into the sport's business dealings. This analysis demonstrated the impact an entity's image, which is based in large part on past communications and prior behavior, has on its current situation. In this case, MLB's image as a sport outweighed any effort by legislators to present professional baseball as a monopoly.
Temporal and spatial variability of dissolved organic and inorganic phosphorus, and metrics of phosphorus bioavailability in an upwelling‐dominated coastal system

1). Spatial and temporal variability are also evident in phytoplankton community composition and in APA. The spatial pattern of dissolved phosphorus and APAvariability can be explained by bottom-controlled patterns of upwelling, and flushing times of different regions within the study area. The presence of APA in eukaryotic taxa indicates that dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) may contribute to phytoplankton P nutrition in this system, highlighting the need for a more complete understanding of P cycling and bioavailability in the coastal ocean.
Osmotic properties of digestive cells of Hydra oligactis

Abstract 1. 1. Microperfusion experiments with isolated digestive cells of Hydra oligactis indicate ideal osmotic behavior above 90 mOsmole. Calculated non-osmotic volume is 4·6 ± 0·3 per cent of the cell volume in culture medium. 2. 2. At concentrations below 90 mOsmole, cell volumes were smaller than those calculated by extrapolation from the ideal range. Isotonicity occurs at about 31 mOsmole sucrose, although the measured osmotic concentration of the medium is 7·5 mOsmole. 3. 3. Hypotonic regulation apparently occurs by the generation in hypotonic media of a transmembrane hydrostatic pressure which reaches about one-half atmosphere in strongly hypotonic solutions.
Tests of the quasiclassical trajectory cross-correlation moment method against accurate quantum dynamics for V-V energy transfer in HF-HF collisions

V–V energy transfer probabilities for breathing–sphere HF–HF collisions are calculated both by a quasiclassical trajectory moment analysis and by converged quantal close coupling calculations. The two methods agree within factors of 1.1–1.5 for transition probabilities greater than or equal to 0.17 and within factors of 1.9–9.5 for transition probabilities in the range 0.04–0.065, but only within factors of 5.1–82 for those in the range 0.0008–0.004 and within factors of 20–150 for those in the range 0.0002–0.0004.
Kinetic Mechanism of Duplex rRNA Unwinding by the DEAD-box Protein, DbpA

DEAD-box RNA helicases are enzymes that couple cycles of ATP binding, hydrolysis and product release to the unwinding of duplex RNA. We have previously determined the rate and equilibrium constants defining the ATPase cycle of DbpA, a DEAD-box protein from E. coli that is specifically activated by rRNA. In this study, we have measured rRNA duplex unwinding using a real-time fluorescence assay. Efficient and rapid unwinding of an 8 base pair duplex RNA requires chemical cleavage of ATP. Strand displacement coincides with product release step. Collectively, our analysis allows us to determine how the unwinding kinetic intermediates are coupled to specific ATPase cycle transitions. Because DEAD-box proteins are highly conserved among prokaryotes and eukaryotes, these results will be applicable to eukaryotic DEAD box RNA helicases involved in fundamental aspects of RNA metabolism in the cell.
Comparison of enhancement of GGTase-positive foci and induction of ornithine decarboxylase in rat liver by barbiturates.

The indication of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by barbiturates and the ability of barbiturates to enhance neoplastic progression of chemically initiated cancer was examined in rat liver. All seven barbiturates induced ODC with barbital (7.7 fold increase) and phenobarbital (5.7 fold increase) demonstrating the most potent activity. Maximum induction of ODC by phenobarbital was obtained in 18 h. Barbital (500-5000 p.p.m.) and phenobarbital (500 p.p.m.) administered in the drinking water enhanced the appearance of diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-initiated gamma- glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTase)-positive foci. Amobarbital, hexabarbital and pentabarbital did not enhance the appearance of GGTase-positive foci. In the absence of previous initiation by DENA, the enhancing regimen of the barbiturates did not cause the appearance of GGTase-positive foci. Barbiturates induced ODC activity in rat liver and enhanced the incidence of DENA initiated GGTase-positive foci.
Neonatal hepatic mitochondrocuprein I. Isolation of a protein fraction containing more than 4% copper from mitochondria of immature bovine liver

Abstract A protein fraction containing more than 4% copper has been isolated from mitochondria of immature bovine liver under copper-free conditions. This fraction retained 90% of its copper at a pH as acid as 1.5. At least 60% of its copper reacted directly with carbamate but at an extremenly slow rate. The mitochondrial copper was insoluble in a variety of solvents but could be dissolved by trypsin. The fraction also contained 2.4–3.0% iron but it is not certain that this iron is actually bound to the copper protein. Significant amounts of copper and iron were not found in the corresponding fraction prepared from adult liver.
Influence of spontaneously occurring bursts of muscle sympathetic nerve activity on conduit artery diameter.

Large increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) can decrease the diameter of a conduit artery even in the presence of elevated blood pressure, suggesting that MSNA acts to regulate cond...
Measuring nearshore variability in benthic environments: An acoustic approach

Abstract Hardbottom and sedimentary habitats in the nearshore are continually affected by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Currently used monitoring practices rely on visual techniques, aerial and underwater photography, which are conducted on an annual basis. These practices do not allow for rigorous assessment of the effects of human-induced or natural events on the distribution and composition of these habitats. We investigated the use of an acoustic ground discrimination system (RoxAnn) to determine changes in benthic habitats in the nearshore area of northern Indian River County, FL where hardbottom outcrops occur. It was determined that this method was precise and repeatable when deployed in a highly variable surf zone environment. Multiple surveys assessed temporal and spatial changes in bottom types. Spatial distributions of several bottom types were identified: bare rock surfaces, Sabellarid worm reef, sponge covered rock, and rock covered with two dominant algal species. Short-term (weekly) changes in the distribution of sand coverage were detected during a relatively calm hydrodynamic period. At one site (R-15), there was an increase of 11% in sediments, which attributed to approximately 2 750 m2 of coverage; 2.1 km south (R-22) there was a 6% decrease in sediments in six days. The latter equates to a change of almost 1 500 m2 of available habitat. These results suggest that the current practice of annual surveying is limited for assessing the magnitude and impact of episodic disturbances on benthic habitats. Based on these data, acoustic ground discrimination systems provide an unbiased, technology-based data collection method to distinguish benthic habitats in the surf zone. Employing this method will benefit researchers and coastal resource managers.
Interpersonal differentiation and perceptual field differentiation.

Alcoholic tuberculous patients performed more poorly on two measures of differentiation than comparable nonalcoholics. The correlation between these two measures indicates that interpersonal discrimination and perceptual differentiation are highly related and that cognitive styles may be expressed in social as well as perceptual settings. This may contribute to the further understanding of various personality and clinical groups.
Pediatric short bowel syndrome: pathophysiology, nursing care, and management issues.

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. A comprehensive overview of the etiology, pathophysiology, nursing care, and medical and surgical management of the child with short bowel syndrome (SBS), which follows massive anatomical or functional loss of the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS. The outlook for children with SBS has improved due to recent advances in parenteral and enteral nutrition, pharmacologic interventions, and surgical options. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Nurses whose practice reflects an in-depth knowledge of the etiology, pathophysiology, medical and surgical management, nursing interventions, and complications of SBS will be equipped to provide quality care for children and families affected by SBS.
Stability Studies On Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films

Stability factors were studied for polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films which had been formed by ultraviolet (UV) initiated photopolymerization and liquid crystal phase separation. These stability studies emphasized long term exposures to high intensity light as a function of UV protection filters, and to high humidity (95% relative humidity (R.H.)) at an elevated temperature of 70Â°C. Various liquid crystal compositions were evaluated in PDLC films formed between conductive glass electrodes. The UWVIS exposure lifetime depended strongly on the wavelength cutoff of the protection filters. With coatings which had a 1% T cutoff at 394 nm, lifetimes greater than 2,200 h were obtained in a 1.1 kW Heraeus Suntest exposure system. Samples also showed greater than 1,000 h of stability, without degradation of properties, in the 95% R.H./70Â°C lifetime test.
Regulation of the mitochondrial adenosine 5′-triphosphatase in situ during ischemia and in vitro in intact and sonicated mitochondria from slow and fast heart-rate hearts

In the present study we examined the regulation of the cardiac muscle mitochondrial ATPase both in situ and in vitro in intact and sonicated mitochondria from rabbit, pigeon, and rat. We chose to study these three species because each is representative of one of the three classes into which all species thus far studied may be placed with respect to the in situ activity of their cardiac muscle mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor and with respect to the amount of ATPase inhibitor present in their cardiac muscle mitochondria (1). Class A species (rabbit) contain a full complement of ATPase inhibitor and show a marked ATPase inhibition during ischemia. Class B species (pigeon) also contain a full complement of inhibitor but exhibit only a low level of ATPase inhibition in situ. Class C species (rat) contain only low levels of inhibitor and, like class B species, don't appear to utilize the inhibitor they possess during ischemia in situ. We found that, while hearts from all three species developed a marked cytosolic acidosis during ischemia, only rabbit exhibited a marked ATPase inhibition in situ. In in vitro experiments in which matrix pH values close to 6.2 and delta psi values close to zero were measured in intact mitochondria from all three species, matrix pH appeared to be an important factor regulating ATPase inhibition in rabbit, but it had little effect upon ATPase--inhibitor interaction in pigeon and rat despite the lack of membrane potential. However, a pH-dependent further release of ATPase inhibitor was observed in sonicated pigeon heart mitochondria only. This latter observation suggests that, while slow heart-rate heart mitochondria appear to be designed for ATPase down regulation during ischemia by inhibitor binding to the ATPase, fast heart-rate heart mitochondria appear to be designed primarily for ATPase up regulation by a further release of inhibitor from the enzyme.
ReplayInk: web based Ink submission and playback in MessageGrid

ReplayInk is a Tablet PC based application for use by General Engineering courses at Clemson University to help instructors evaluate students understanding of basic engineering math and unit conversions. ReplayInk records Tablet PC ink strokes (Ink) and erasures performed by the student in order to allow the instructor to replay the solution procedure from the student. Through the recording of Ink, this presents the instructor a new pedagogical tool for student evaluation and opens the door to many areas of research on how students solve problems. ReplayInk intends to assist instructors evaluate problem solving strategies and understanding of concepts for freshman engineering courses but could be used in any academic setting where the instructor wants more information on how students are solving problems.The remainder of this poster proposal is organized as follows. Sections 1 and 2 introduce the need for a Tablet PC tool in freshman engineering courses at Clemson University to evaluate student problem solving strategies. Section 3 and 4 describes the proposed Tablet PC application proposed demonstration and the current work on ReplayInk. Section 5 acknowledges all people and organizations that made ReplayInk possible. Section 6 is a list of all references in this paper.