cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stem-cell transplantation in T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Background: T-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs). With the exception of anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein-positive large-cell lymphoma, standard chemotherapy provides dismal long-term outcomes when compared with NHLs with B-cell immunophenotype. Design: We review the literature on the role of high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) in T-cell NHLs both as up-front treatment and in the salvage setting. The role of allogeneic transplantation will also be reviewed. Results: Results from five prospective, nonrandomized and six retrospective studies evaluating the role of HDT and ASCT in the up-front setting show that patients in first complete or partial remission especially those who present with advanced disease and high prognostic index of peripheral T-cell lymphoma score may benefit from this approach. In the relapsed and/or refractory setting, most series show results that are comparable with those seen in patients with B-cell lymphomas if transplanted with chemosensitive disease. There is limited evidence to suggest that an immunemediated graft-versus-lymphoma effect may result in long-term disease remissions in some patients after allogeneic transplantation.
Human Prolactin in Plasma, Amniotic Fluid and Pituitary: Identity and Characterization by Criteria of Electrophoresis and Isoelectric Focusing in Polyacrylamide Gel

Human prolactins (hPRL) from the following sources: plasma of normal lactating women, plasma of a male patient with chromophobe adenoma and galactorrhea, amniotic fluid and a purified pituitary preparation, are indistinguishable on the basis of molecular size, net charge or apparent isoelectric point. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) under 3 sets of conditions (at pH 10.2 and 7.8, 0 C, or at pH 9.5, 25 C), hPRL from plasma and amniotic fluid was found to be a single, biologically and immunologically active protein distinct from human growth hormone (hGH) on the basis of its free mobility and net charge which, under all three sets of conditions, is less than that of the least charged major component of hGH. This result was substantiated by bioassay under a single set of conditions. However, the molecular size of hPRL is not significantly different from that of hGH. The apparent isoelectric point of hPRL is 6.5.
Paleoclimate studies of minerogenic sediments using annually resolved textural parameters

[1] We obtained quantitative multivariate data from each varve of a minerogenic lacustrine sequence from the Canadian High Arctic, using an image analysis technique applied to thin-sections. The information on each varve from the uppermost core section was compared with a 35 yr meteorological dataset. Snowmelt intensity, which is an index reflecting the energy available for sediment transport, correlates well with the median grain-size measured for each varve, as well as with the weight of the 10–20 and 20–60 μm fractions. The proportion of fine silt also correlates with low intensity summer precipitation. This methodology allows us to decipher the climatic control on sedimentary processes and yield a new perspective for constructing models which link climate to sediments that contain few biological remains. This model can then be used to infer paleoclimate with annual resolution from the downcore grain-size analysis.
Proteomic Analysis of Interchromatin Granule Clusters

A variety of proteins involved in gene expression have been localized within mammalian cell nuclei in a speckled distribution that predominantly corresponds to interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs). We have applied a mass spectrometry strategy to identify the protein composition of this nuclear organelle purified from mouse liver nuclei. Using this approach, we have identified 146 proteins, many of which had already been shown to be localized to IGCs, or their functions are common to other already identified IGC proteins. In addition, we identified 32 proteins for which only sequence information is available and thus these represent novel IGC protein candidates. We find that 54% of the identified IGC proteins have known functions in pre-mRNA splicing. In combination with proteins involved in other steps of pre-mRNA processing, 81% of the identified IGC proteins are associated with RNA metabolism. In addition, proteins involved in transcription, as well as several other cellular functions, have been identified in the IGC fraction. However, the predominance of pre-mRNA processing factors supports the proposed role of IGCs as assembly, modification, and/or storage sites for proteins involved in pre-mRNA processing.
Improving sensor network performance by deploying mobile sensors

Sensor networks hold the promise of facilitating large-scale, real-time data processing in complex environments. In most existing research, sensors are assumed to be static nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel idea: to improve sensor network performance by deploying a small number of mobile sensors in a sensor network where most nodes are static sensors. Specifically, we want to increase the network coverage, provide better routing performance and better connectivity for sensor networks by using mobile sensors. We propose several effective schemes about where to move the mobile sensors, which can provide the most cost-effective approach to improve network performance. These schemes are evaluated by simulation experiments. Our simulations show that a small number of mobile sensors can significantly improve network coverage, increase throughput, reduce delay and energy consumption, and a sensor network with a small portion of mobile sensors performs better than a sensor network with more static sensors.
Pre-Service and In-Service Teachers’ Perceptions toward White Board System Prior to Actual Experience

Using sample of survey data by pre-service and in-service teachers attending at a regional campus, this study examined how undergraduate and graduate students, in education major, perceived interactive white boards (IWB), and described implications of how the system can be used effectively, based on student-centered pedagogy. Although the participants saw a great potential to facilitate learning interaction and to promote student engagement with the IWB, issues of product training and funding for purchase were mainly concerned. Additionally, this study suggested that the participants' current perceptions toward the use of IWB may shift to more or less positive, if granted the opportunity to operate IWB in their local schools, since perceptions are transitioned through real life experience
The Wettstein / Salmon debate: Critique and resolution

Does Keith Donnellan's referential/attributive distinction have ‘semantic significance’? Howard Wettstein has claimed (in several papers) that it does; Nathan Salmon has responded (in several papers) that it does not. Specifically, while Wettstein has claimed that definite descriptions, used referentially, function semantically as demonstratives, Salmon has responded to Wettstein's claims by defending a unitary Russellian account of such expressions, according to which they invariably function as quantifiers. This paper involves a critique of the debate between Wettstein and Salmon, and offers a tentative resolution of that debate: one that favors Wettstein's ‘ambiguity’ account over the unitary Russellian account defended by Salmon.
Recent Applications of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes in Optoelectronic Devices

Conjugated polyelectrolytes comprise an electronically delocalized backbone with pendant groups bearing ionic functionalities. Important new developments regarding their use to improve charge injection from metallic electrodes into organic semiconductors, a key requirement in emissive devices, have recently appeared. This article provides an overview of recent studies concerning the basic properties of conjugated polyelectrolytes as a function of molecular structure, and of optoelectronic devices with conjugated polyelectrolytes as essential functional components. Processes where more insightful mechanistic understanding is needed and areas of opportunity are discussed.
Fundamental frequency and tracheal pressure during three types of vocalizations elicited from anesthetized dogs

Summary Electrical stimulation of the midbrain was used to elicit a variety of vocalizations from six anesthetized dogs. This study was conducted to investigate the ranges of and relationships between fundamental frequency of the vocalizations ( F 0 ) and tracheal pressure ( P t ) produced during the vocalizations. The vocalizations were described according to type (growl, howl, and whine); F 0 and P t , as well as patterns of laryngeal muscle activity, were examined for each vocalization type. Natural-sounding growl and howl vocalizations were elicited from five dogs; three dogs also produced whines. With few exceptions, F 0 was categorically different for the three vocalization types (low for growls, average for howls, very high for whines). P t values overlapped for the three vocalization types, although, on average, howls were produced with greater P t than growls. Patterns and degrees of laryngeal muscle activity varied across and within vocalization types, but general findings were consistent with the presumed function of most of the muscles. Laryngeal muscle activity may help explain some of the variability in the acoustic and aerodynamic data.
Electroencephalographic and evoked potential methods in human marihuana research : historical review and future trends

The sensitivity of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to variables affecting brain neurophysiological substrate is briefly reviewed. Because this sensitivity extends to numerous pharmacological compounds with central nervous system (CNS) effect, it is suggested that EEG methods may also be useful in studies of human marihuana exposure. EEG investigations of marihuana are grouped by the type of research strategy employed and, within each grouping, the review summarizes salient reported findings as well as methodological issues of concern. The value of using quantitative methods of EEG analyses under blind conditions is stressed. Recent technological developments permitting topographic brain mapping of quantitative EEG variables are described as offering promise for marihuana research and some examples are given. Finally, evoked potential findings in studies of marihuana exposure are reviewed.
Recruitment to adult habitats following marine planktonic development in the fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator, U. pugnax, and U. minax

Three congeneric species of fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator (Bosc, 1802), U. pugnax (Smith, 1870), and U. minax (LeConte, 1855), co-occur in estuaries along the east coast of North America, from Cape Cod to northern Florida. Although U. minax adults are generally found at lower salinities than the other two species, the distributions of all three species overlap to some degree. The distribution of megalopae and juvenile fiddler crabs (from first crab stage to those with a carapace width of 3.0 mm) was examined at four sites along a salinity gradient (from 35.0±2.0‰ to 3.0±3.0‰; \(\bar x\, \pm \,{\text{SD}} \) ) in the North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, USA, in August 2002. A PCR-RFLP technique was developed to identify individuals from the genus Uca to species from first zoea through the early crab stages. An examination of the distribution of early life stages showed that U. minax reinvades low-salinity adult habitats at settlement, following planktonic larval development in the coastal ocean. Also, juveniles of U. pugilator were found to occupy Spartina alterniflora stands, where adult conspecifics rarely occur. Species frequencies were different for adults compared to early life stages in low-salinity areas of the marsh, where populations overlap. Settlement and survival dynamics of early life-history stages in wet and dry years likely determine the distribution of adult Uca spp. populations along salinity gradients in estuarine ecosystems.
Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Eimeria From Turkeys and Gamebirds: Implications for Evolutionary Relationships in Galliform Birds

In order to determine the evolutionary relationships among Eimeria species that parasitize birds of the Galliformes, the 18s rDNA gene and a portion of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox-1) were amplified from Eimeria species isolated from turkeys, chukars, and pheasants. The phylogenetic analysis of these sequences suggests that species infecting chickens are polyphyletic and, therefore, do not all share a direct common ancestor. Both the 18s rDNA and the cox-1 sequences indicate that Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix are more closely related to Eimeria of turkeys and pheasants than to other species that infect the chicken. It is, therefore, likely that the chicken Eimeria spp. represent 2 separate ancestral colonizations of the gut, one of which comprises E. tenella and E. necatrix that infect the ceca, while the other includes Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria mitis, which infect the upper regions of the intestine.
ORBIT: Effective Issue Queue Soft-Error Vulnerability Mitigation on Simultaneous Multithreaded Architectures Using Operand Readiness-Based Instruction Dispatch

With the advance of semiconductor processing technology, soft errors have become an increasing cause of failures of microprocessors fabricated using smaller and more densely integrated transistors with lower threshold voltages and tighter noise margins. With diminishing performance returns on wider issue superscalar processors, the microprocessor design industry has opted for using simultaneous multithreaded (SMT) architectures in commercial processors to exploit thread-level parallelism (TLP). SMT techniques enhance overall system performance but also introduce greater susceptibility to soft errors - concurrently executing multiple threads exposes many program runtime states to soft-error strikes at any given time. The issue queue (IQ) is a key micro architecture structure to exploit instruction-level and thread-level parallelism. On SMT processors, the IQ buffers a large number of instructions from multiple threads and is more susceptible to soft-error strikes. In this paper, we explore the use of operand-readiness-based instruction dispatch (ORBIT) as an effective mechanism to mitigate IQ soft-error vulnerability on SMT processors. We observe that IQ soft-error vulnerability is largely affected by instructions waiting for their source operands. The overall IQ soft-error vulnerability can be effectively reduced by minimizing the number of waiting instructions and their residency cycles in the IQ. We develop six techniques that aim to improve IQ reliability with negligible performance degradation on SMT processors. Moreover, we extend our techniques with prediction methods that can anticipate the readiness of source operands ahead of time. The ORBIT schemes integrated with reliability-awareness and readiness prediction achieve more attractive reliability/performance trade-offs. The best of the proposed schemes (e.g. Predict_DelayACE) reduces IQ vulnerability by 79% with only 1% throughput IPC and 3% harmonic IPC reduction across all studied workloads.
A Method to Teach the Design and Operation of a Distribution System

The undergraduate "power option" program at New Mexico State University consists of five courses. Of these five, one is required of all electrical engineering majors, one is a "block elective" and three are senior electives. The "block elective" is a method by which an electrical engineering major must select three courses from a list of six. The list includes one course in each of the six "option" areas offered by the department. The five power courses are: 1. Electric Machinery -------- required of all majors 2. Power Transmission Lines -- "block elective" 3. Power Systems Analysis ---- senior elective 4. Distribution Systems ------ senior elective 5. Power System Protection --- senior elective
Discussion of Initial Value Problem (Continued)

We have seen that the initial spectrum of the waves, which is initially localized in space, gets strung out with time so that at time t, each wave number appears at x = c g (k)t. We might expect that the energy, if conserved, would also be distributed by wave number, so that the amount of energy at wave number k in the original spectrum at wave number k would also be found at the position x = c g (k)t for a large enough time. This is as if the original disturbance is composed of an infinite number of packets of constant wave number, each of which moves away from the origin of the disturbance with its own group velocity. Each satchel of energy moves with the group velocity (Fig. 6.1).
The Role of (Dis)similarity in (Mis)predicting Others’ Preferences:

AbstractConsumers readily indicate that they like options that appear dissimilar—for example, enjoying both rustic lake vacations and chic city vacations, or liking both scholarly documentary films and action-packed thrillers. However, when predicting other consumers’ tastes for the same items, people believe that a preference for one precludes enjoyment of the dissimilar other. Five studies show that people sensibly expect others to like similar products, but erroneously expect others to dislike dissimilar ones. While people readily select dissimilar items for themselves (particularly if the dissimilar item is of higher quality than a similar one), they fail to predict this choice for others—even when monetary rewards are at stake. The tendency to infer dislike from dissimilarity is driven by a belief that others have narrow and homogeneous ranges of preferences.
Are MENA Countries Reaping the Benefits of Inflows? A Comparative Analysis of Migrants' Remittances and FDI Flows

Many developing countries are resource-constrained – that is, they are running a current account deficit. The deficit in the current account indicates that aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply. Alternatively, domestic investment cannot be financed using national savings, necessitating continued reliance on foreign resources to fill in the resource gap. Given the resource deficit, many countries have taken a closer look into ways to revive the current account balance and supplement domestic resources. There are two policy tracks. First, domestic policies may aim at constraining aggregate demand, particularly domestic consumption, to generate more domestic savings and finance domestic investment. Under this agenda, constraining the government budget deficit usually takes top priority. The second priority is to pursue reforms to expand productive capacity and increase aggregate supply. The former track (demand management) may prove to be difficult to implement, given priorities for fiscal spending and in light of constraints on government revenues. The second track (supply management) is even more difficult given resource constraints and the time necessary to stimulate output supply and implement structural reforms.
Studies on the undecapeptide of ferricytochrome c using ESR, Mössbauer and visible spectroscopies.

The ESR, Mossbauer, and visible spectra of the undecapeptide of ferricytochrome c (HPp) were measured for both the solid peptide and solutions of the peptide at pH 1.5, 7, and 10. At the low pH, the iron exists in the HPp in the high-spin species. At neutral and alkaline pHs, the low-spin ferric species predominate. The results of these measurements support the previous suggestions concerning the ligands in the fifth and sixth position of HPp at the neutral and alkaline pHs. The spectra of lyophilized preparations of HPp show the presence of both high and low-spin ferric species. The study of the Mossbauer spectra of the lyohilized preparations as function of temperature shows that there exists a spin-spin equilibrium between the two spin states. The relative amounts of the two components vary with the preparation. In these preparations there exist two components, one of which exists in the equilibrium mixture and the second in the high-spin form.
Enzyme inhibition in relation to chemotherapy.

Summary1. The effect of enzyme concentration on the inhibition produced by certain inhibitors of the succinic dehydrogenase system has been experimentally determined. The inhibitors studied were malonate, itaconate, oxalacetate, quinone and cupric ion.2. The reaction between succinic dehydrogenase and copper or quinone was not immediate but required 30 to 40 minutes when the amount of inhibitor was just sufficient to produce complete inhibition.3. The effect of the strengths of binding of the inhibitor with the enzyme on the percent inhibition produced is shown to be related to the enzyme concentration.4. An expression has been developed which relates the velocity of reaction to enzyme concentration in enzyme-inhibitor systems.5. The results are discussed in relation to the chemotherapy of cancer. It is pointed out that the selective inhibition of an enzyme not unique to cancer tissue is theoretically possible.
Cellular binding and internalization of functionalized silicon nanowires.

Nanostructures with precise control of sizes and shapes, intrinsic read-out signals for tracking, and flexible surface chemistry for bioconjugation can offer an excellent system to study interaction between nanomaterials and cells. In this paper, a new nanobio system based on functionalized silicon nanowires (SiNWs) was developed. Using the intensive and intrinsic nonlinear optical signal of SiNWs, we visualized the interaction between the folate and amine group functionalized SiNWs and cells by monitoring the cellular binding and uptake of SiNWs in real time. We demonstrated that the strong specific ligand–receptor interaction between folate on NWs and folate receptors on CHO-β cell membranes expedited agglomeration of folate modified SiNWs on cells and internalization of NWs. Such specific targeting was further confirmed through control experiments done with normal CHO cell without folate receptors. Weaker nonspecific charge–charge attraction led to longer time required for amino group modified SiNWs to...
Transmission of acoustic perturbation through cavity/slots in an airfoil for stall control

The transmission of sound waves from an acoustic driver through the cavity and slots in an airfoil via a connecting tube is studied. The velocity fluctuation amplitude at the slot exit versus frequency is measured by hot-wire anemometry while varying the transmission path parameters. Parameters varied include, slot size and number, connecting tube length as well as volume of cavity within the airfoil. Additionally, the effect of varying the volume of a chamber housing the acoustic source, as well as varying the diameter of a constriction placed in the path, are explored. It is shown that the connecting tube length plays a significant role in determining many of the peaks observed in the amplitude response curve. The fundamental half-wave resonance within the length of the tubular passage and its harmonics govern the frequencies. Increasing the slot size, number of slots or the length of the connecting tube results in an amplitude decrease over most of the bandwidth. The placement of a chamber/cavity in the path reduces the amplitudes most drastically. With direct connection to the acoustic driver, the cavity within the airfoil results in a high-frequency cut-off. Decreasing the volume of the latter significantly improves the frequency response.
Regeneration of protoplasts of Histoplasma capsulatum: a study by light microscopy.

Protoplasts of the yeast phase of Histoplasma capsulatum prepared by incubation in Sabouraud broth + 1.5 M MgSO4 +2-deoxy-d-glucose will regenerate to the sporulating mycelial phase in a variety of osmotically supportive media at 25 C, and to the budding yeast phase at 37 C. Freshly formed and isolated protoplasts are osmotically fragile. They become resistant to osmotic shock within a few hours at 4 C and remain viable and capable of regeneration after more than 2 months at -70 C. Methods of protoplast induction, separation and concentration under sterile conditions are described.
A knowledge-based approach for predicting gene–disease associations

Motivation Recent advances of next-generation sequence technologies have made it possible to rapidly and inexpensively identify gene variations. Knowing the disease association of these gene variations is important for early intervention to treat deadly diseases and provide possible targets to cure these diseases. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many individual genes associated with common diseases. To exploit the large amount of data obtained from GWAS studies and leverage our understanding of common as well as rare diseases, we have developed a knowledge-based approach to predict gene-disease associations. We first derive gene-gene mutual information by utilizing the cooccurrence of genes in known gene-disease association data. Subsequently, the mutual information is combined with known protein-protein interaction networks by a boosted tree regression method. Results The method called Know-GENE is compared with the method of random walking on the heterogeneous network using the same input data. For a set of 960 diseases, using the same training data in testing in 3-fold cross-validation, the average recall rate within the top ranked 100 genes by Know-GENE is 65.0% compared with 37.9% by the state of the art random walking on heterogeneous network. This significant improvement is mostly due to the inclusion of knowledge-based mutual information. Availability and implementation Predictions for genes associated with the 960 diseases are available at http://cssb2.biology.gatech.edu/knowgene Contact : skolnick@gatech.edu.
Terfenadine treatment of fall hay fever

A double-blind, parallel, multicenter study was undertaken in 215 ragweed skin test positive-patients with fall hay fever. The patients were randomized and treated for seven days with either 60 mg terfenadine twice daily, morning and evening, and a placebo at noon, or with 4 mg chlorpheniramine or placebo three times daily. The severity of nasopharyngeal itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and itchy, watery, red eyes was ranked daily by patients and evaluated before and after treatment by the physician investigators. The patients reported a significant reduction in symptoms within one day. The physician investigators detected moderate to complete relief of symptoms in a greater proportion of the patients treated with terfenadine (70%) and chlorpheniramine (73%) than in the placebo-treated patients (48%). The incidence of sedation with terfenadine treatment (2.5%) was not different from that with placebo (2.4%) and both were lower than with chlorpheniramine (7.6%). We conclude that terfenadine is as effective as chlorpheniramine for the treatment of fall hay fever and that, unlike chlorpheniramine, the incidence of sedation with terfenadine was not different from placebo.
Effects of combined heat and acetic acid on natural microflora reduction on cantaloupe melons.

Produce is an important source of nutrients and phytochemicals, which is important in a healthy diet. However, perishable fresh produce has caused recent outbreaks of foodborne diseases. High level of nutrients and water activity, direct contact with soil, and lack of thermal procedures during primary processing make fresh produce a potential food safety hazard. Fruits and vegetables with rough surfaces can harbor microorganisms and support their multiplication, increasing the risk of this hazard. This study evaluated the effects of extreme thermal processes combined with acetic acid on natural microflora reduction on cantaloupe melons. Melons from a local supermarket were assigned into five treatment groups: control, water at 25°C, water at 95°C, 5% acetic acid at 25°C, and 5% acetic acid at 95°C. Four skin samples were obtained from each melon, separately stomached for 2 min with 0.1% peptone water, and serially diluted. Aerobic plate counts (APC) of dilutions were determined. Statistical analysis (leas...
The Humanity of Human Beings

Coleridge’s castigation of those qualities, actions and institutions that debase human beings and transform their actions into the bestial presupposed, throughout, the existence of further potentialities that were inherent in all persons and capable of being brought out by education. Exactly how to define these capacities and impulses was a difficult task; how best to encourage them he saw more clearly. Distinctly human powers required distinctive activities, both as forms for their expression and as testimonies to their existence. Poems, paintings, musical compositions, metaphors in science and art, philosophical systems, religions, all provided clues to the true nature of reason, imagination, conscience and will.
Archimedes' Principle Answers

Visual Demonstration? The answer is (b). Instead of suspending the connecting bar, balance it on a pencil point. The bar won't feel any difference, but doing this emphasizes that the equilibrium is unstable, since if you unbalance the bar ever so slightly, it will tumble off the pencil point. But unbalancing is exactly what happens when you lower the arrangement into water: the lump of gold is more dense than the wreath, so the lump experiences less buoyancy, meaning a greater net downward force on the right side. This initiates a clockwise turning of the connecting bar. In the bottom picture, resolve the end force vectors into components along and perpendicular to the bar. The greater force perpendicular to the bar is still on the right, so the turning continues, and only when the chunk of gold is hanging straight down does the system attain stable equilibrium. Another Way? Archimedes' problem was to determine the wreath's density so it could be compared with the density of gold. Density being mass per volume, it would have been enough to weigh the wreath and to determine its volume. To get its volume, place it in a vessel and fill it to overflowing with water so that the wreath is completely submerged with no air bubbles clinging to it. Then remove the wreath, letting any excess water drip back in, and find how many units of volume it takes to return the bucket to overflowing.
Mass spectrometry sensing data for robust cancer classification

The high dimensionality of mass spectrometry (MS) data forces classification processes to be computationally intensive while at the same time, a classifier that is accurate, robust, and can be implemented in real time is needed. In this paper, we present an accurate prediction of class content in a sample of compressed MS data while reducing MS data dimensionality. By presenting the MS data through compressive sensing (CS) sampling, the sensing data does not only have a lower dimension than the original data but also it is well be preserved and can be reconstructed. Classification is established using low dimensional MS data leading to faster processes without any loss of accuracy. We are proposing to use a method based on L2 norm and a mixed L2-L1-norms regularization terms in a classification framework capable of solving an overdetermined system but with a dimensionality reduction attribute. Our results show that L2-algorithm with regularization terms has a better performance than standalone L2-algorithm and Q5 under all applicable assumptions. The performance has a throughput proteomic cancer classification with sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of at least 95%.
Potential mechanisms of improvement after various treatments for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

In sum, systolic dysfunction of the ventricle associated with left ventricular outlet obstruction and often with mitral valve regurgitation may be improved by myotomy, myomectomy, mitral valve replacement, and perhaps by the creation of left bundle branch block via DDD right ventricular pacing. Diastolic dysfunction of the ventricle may be improved by prolonging the diastolic filling period, shortening the isovolumic relaxation period with calcium channel blocking drugs, or perhaps by altering the atrioventricular activation time with a DDD pacemaker. The symptoms and complications of associated arrhythmias may be improved by medication, particularly with beta-blockers, which tend to stabilize the atrial rhythm and perhaps the ventricular rhythms. In treating patients with demonstrated ventricular arrhythmias, other antiarrhythmic agents may be helpful. (Table II summarizes the abnormalities, causes, and treatments of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.) Epicardial coronary atherosclerosis is not rare in these patients, and arteriographic confirmation may lead to improvement by surgical bypass treatment. Since stroke volume is nearly fixed, cardiac output depends very much on heart rate. For this reason, each patient needs to receive the appropriate dosage of medications to achieve the optimal heart rate for his or her own physiologic state.
Comment: On phytoplankton perception by calanoid copepods

Three publications recently reported that calanoid copepods, feeding on phytoplankton cells by using a feeding current, perceived such cells by mechanoperception. There was no evidence of remote chemically-mediated perception of those cells. These observations differ from earlier findings that feeding-current producing calanoids are able to detect phytoplankton cells by chemoperception at a distance from their particle-collecting setae of their cephalic appendages. The results on mechanoperception and the earlier published data on chemoperception will be presented and discussed. In addition, the concentration of chemicals within the phycosphere of food cells will be re-examined. We conclude that chemoperception of phytoplankton cells by calanoid copepods in a feeding current is feasible.
Office Information System Design

Office automation can be defined as the replacement of manual office activities by equivalent or similar activities which automate means of doing office work. An office activity refers to any activity in an office, such as filling out a form, sending a message, entering information into a file, making a decision to route a form, etc. An office procedure refers to a structured set of office activities for the accomplishment of a specific office task, such as scheduling a meeting, processing a mortgage application form, reviewing a paper, etc. An office usually consists of a number of work stations or simply stations. The work stations are interconnected by a communication network to serve as a message exchange system.
CRISPR-Cas9 cleavage efficiency correlates strongly with target-sgRNA folding stability: from physical mechanism to off-target assessment

The CRISPR/Cas9 complex, a bacterial immune response system, has been widely adopted for RNA-guided genome editing and transcription regulation in applications such as targeted genome modification and site-directed mutagenesis. However, the physical basis for its target specificity is not fully understood. In this study, based on a statistical mechanical analysis for the whole ensemble of sgRNA-target complex conformations, we identify a strong correlation between Cas9 cleavage efficiency and the stability of the DNA-RNA (R-loop) complex structures, with a Pearson correlation coefficient ranging from 0.775 to 0.886 for the tested systems. The finding leads to quantitative insights into important experimental results, such as the greater Cas9 tolerance to single-base mismatches in PAM-distal region than to PAM-proximal region and the high specificity and efficiency for shorter protospacers. Moreover, the results from the genome-wide off-target assessments, compared with other off-target scoring tools, indicate that the statistical mechanics-based approach provides more reliable off-target analyses and sgRNA design. To facilitate the genome engineering applications, a new web-based tool for genome-wide off-target assessment is established.
Safety of retreatment with immunotherapy after immune-related toxicity in patients with lung cancers treated with anti-PD(L)-1 therapy.

9012Background: Anti-PD(L)-1 therapy is generally well tolerated, but immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can occur. No data currently exists to guide decisions related to considering re-treatment following an irAE. Methods: Patients (pts) with lung cancer treated with anti-PD(L)-1 (+/- anti-CTLA-4) between 4/2011 to 5/2016 who had a treatment delay of at least one week were identified. Those in whom delay was a result of a definite irAE were included, and subsequent treatment details and outcomes were captured. Pts with an irAE concurrent with disease progression were excluded. Results: Among 482 pts treated, 71 (14.7%) had treatment delay related to an irAE. Most events were Grade 2 (38/71, 54%) or Grade 3 (30/71, 42%), and predominantly included pneumonitis (21%), colitis (17%), rash (14%), or hepatitis (13%). 32 pts (45%) were permanently discontinued after the irAE and 39 (55%) were later retreated with anti-PD(L)-1 therapy. In retreated pts, the same irAE recurred in 10/39 (26%), a new irAE occurr...
In Vivo Titration and Development of a Challenge Model for White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopeneus vannamei)

A challenge model was developed using a controlled bioassay system for estimation of lethal infective doses (LD 50) of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), as a model system to be used in further WSSV studies.
Visual cues from an underwater illusion increase relative abundance of highly reef-associated fish on an artificial reef

Cues from visual, auditory and olfactory stimuli affect habitat selection by reef fish, yet questions remain regarding how fish use visual cues to select habitats. With growing numbers of human-made structures, such as artificial reefs, deployed on ocean floors, understanding how visual cues influence fish selection of human-made habitats is timely. We conducted a field experiment to test whether visual stimuli influenced the relative abundance of fish on an artificial reef. We discovered that visual cues from an illusion created by a mirror installed on the reef increased the relative abundance of highly reef-associated fish. Specifically, when exposed to the mirror, numbers of highly reef-associated fish increased 35% relative to an experimental control treatment with a transparent added structure and 54% relative to a full control without an added structure. These results demonstrate that visual cues, such as illusions of additional habitat and more fish, can entice more highly reef-associated fish to use artificial reefs and play a more substantial role in habitat selection than the effects of added physical structures alone. As numbers of human-made marine structures continue to increase, simple augmentations enhancing visual evidence of available habitat structure or relative fish abundance may serve to increase the local abundance of fish.
Promoting Early Childhood Literacy: What Do Pediatric Residents Know, Believe, and Practice?

Purpose: Pediatricians play an important role in promoting the healthy development of young children. Learning to do this well is a key component of residency training. The Reach Out and Read (RoR) program, within primary care clinics, is evidence-based and promotes literacy, shared reading, and language development in young children. RoR depends on providers for implementation; however, in residency continuity clinics, the primary providers are learners themselves. This study assessed resident knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards literacy promotion in a large and diverse pediatric training program. Methods: We conducted an …
Mapping depression rating scale phenotypes onto research domain criteria (RDoC) to inform biological research in mood disorders

Abstract Background Substantial research progress can be achieved if available clinical datasets can be mapped to the National Institute of Mental Health Research-Domain-Criteria (RDoC) constructs. This mapping would allow investigators to both explore more narrowly defined clinical phenotypes and the relationship of these phenotypes to biological markers and clinical outcomes approximating RDoC criteria. Methods Using expert review and consensus, we defined four major depression phenotypes based on specific RDoC constructs. Having matched these constructs to individual items from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, we identified subjects meeting criteria for each of these phenotypes from two large clinical trials of patients treated for major depression. In a post hoc analysis, we evaluated the overall treatment response based on the phenotypes: Core Depression (CD), Anxiety (ANX), and Neurovegetative Symptoms of Melancholia (NVSM) and Atypical Depression (NVSAD). Results The phenotypes were prevalent (range 10.5–52.4%, 50% reduction range 51.9–82.9%) and tracked with overall treatment response. Although the CD phenotype was associated with lower rates of remission in both cohorts, this was mainly driven by baseline symptom severity. However, when controlling for baseline severity, patients with the ANX phenotype had a significantly lower rate of remission. Limitations The lack of replication between the studies of the phenotypes’ treatment prediction value reflects important variability across studies that may limit generalizability. Conclusion Further work evaluating biological markers associated with these phenotypes is needed for further RDoC concept development.
Symbiosis in Evolution: Origins of Cell Motility

Summary. Using symbiosis in the DeBary sense of “living together of unlike organisms,” K.S. Mereschkowsky (1855–1921), on the basis of his original work, rejected Darwinian natural selection as source of evolutionary innovation [1]; he invented the term “symbiogenesis” referring to the appearance of new organisms emerging from prolonged symbiotic associations. A.S. Famintzyn (1835–1918) taught B.M. Kozo-Polyanski (1890–1957) who, in his 1924 text on new concepts in biology, attempted to unite Darwinian natural selection with symbiogenesis [2]. Kozo-Polyanski even claimed that cell motility was derived symbiotically from “flagellated cytodes” by which he meant “primitive flagellated bacteria.” The American I.E. Wallin (1883–1969) developed his theory of “symbionticism and the origin of species” [3] in the absence of direct communication with these Russian scientists, and he also elucidated the importance of symbiosis as the source of novelty in evolution.
The Role of the Model in the Data Assimilation System

The chapters in Part I, Theory, describe in some detail the theory and methodology of data assimilation. This chapter will focus on the role of the predictive model in an assimilation system. There are numerous books on atmospheric modelling, their history, their construction, and their applications (e.g. Trenberth 1992 Randall 2000 Jacobson 2005). This chapter will focus on specific aspects of the model and modelling in data assimilation.
Physical Principles of Microwave Hyperthermia of the Prostate

Had a physicist translated the book of Genesis it might begin: ‥And God said: “Let there be electromagnetic radiation!” And there was electromagnetic radiation. God saw that the electromagnetic radiation was good, and He separated the visible light from the darkness…
The role of Aβ42 in Alzheimer's disease

Our recent studies of plasma, fibroblasts, transfected cells and transgenic mice show that a fundamental effect of the mutations linked to familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is to increase the extracellular concentration of A beta 42. This effect of the FAD-linked mutations is likely to be directly related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) because A beta 42 is deposited early and selectively in the senile plaques that are an invariant feature of all forms of AD. Thus our results provide strong evidence that the FAD-linked mutations all cause AD by increasing the extracellular concentration of A beta 42 (43), thereby fostering A beta deposition, and they support the hypothesis that cerebral A beta deposition is an essential early event in the pathogenesis of all forms of AD. Interactions between the basal forebrain cholinergic system and A beta that could influence AD pathogenesis are discussed.
Psychogenic parkinsonism: clinical spectrum and diagnosis.

BACKGROUND Patients with psychogenic parkinsonism (PP), like those with Parkinson's disease (PD), may have tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and gait disturbances. Unusual features predominate in PP, but clear psychogenic signs may not be obvious. Because PP may be difficult to diagnose, identifying a wider spectrum of disease manifestations that point toward psychogenic rather than organic parkinsonism could be useful for clinicians. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the charts and clinical data for all patients referred for parkinsonism to a single physician at our movement disorders clinic from 1980 to 2012. RESULTS Patients with PP represented 1.5% of all patients referred for parkinsonism. Among 36 patients with PP, the most common complaints were tremor (31), gait disturbance (18), fatigue (12), and diminished balance (10). Neurologic examination revealed 12 patients with unusual (functional) postures, 5 with a normal exam, and none with micrographia, hypophonia, or hypomimia. Seven of 36 patients improved, 6 of these with antidepressant therapy. CONCLUSIONS PP is not rare in a movement disorders practice. Leg tremor is more likely in PP than in PD, whereas falls are rare. Unusual (nonphysiologic) postures may be present. The outcome generally is not favorable, although antidepressants are beneficial in some patients with disease duration of <2 years. The presence of micrographia, hypophonia, or hypomimia strongly suggests an organic cause of parkinsonism rather than PP.
Dendritic Spine Structure and Function

While spines have long been considered a characteristic feature of neuronal architecture, the cellular mechanisms responsible for maintaining their peculiar shape have only recently come under detailed study. In this chapter, we review some recent studies of cytoskeletal structure in certain classes of dendritic spines, discuss the issue of heterogeneity of spine morphology in the hippocampus, and speculate about the capacity of spines for rapid shape change.
The Strange Science of Codifying Slavery - Moreau Lislet and the Louisiana Digest of 1808

The Digest of 1808 was the first European-style code to be enacted in the Americas but it was also the first modern code anywhere in the world to incorporate slave law. The decision to combine the two subjects in a single code is curious and intriguing, and has not been explained. It is as if the Digest was to be the simultaneous expression of two contradictory impulses or perhaps two contrasting blueprints. It was, on the one hand, a code of enlightenment and natural reason, drafted shortly after the French and American revolutions, and embodying therefore all the acquis of those revolutions.On the other hand the Digest embodied slavery and was therefore a code of darkness, a code contra naturam, dedicated to the continuance of human bondage. The Digest of Orleans omitted sentimental, conscience-salving statements and made no apology for treating slavery. It has the tone of those who are comfortable in the right. Yet the task would seem problematic. Would not the juxtaposition of slavery in a liberal code produce a Janus-faced figure at war with itself? Was it possible to reconcile and unite the principles of liberal society with those of a slave-holding society? How would the slave be presented, as a person without rights or as human property without personality? How to reconcile the everyday contradiction that a slave could purchase his freedom, yet the law officially proclaimed that he or she was incapable of owning property, including that which he used in purchasing his freedom? Or how to reconcile that slaves were at times paid laborers (e.g., Sunday labor or hiring himself out in his free time) but remained enslaved the rest of the time? Could the code distinguish between the civil rights enjoyed by free whites and those rights held by free persons of color? Were those gradated distinctions even settled or understood in 1808 and what could be codified about them? One imagines that these must have been only some of the challenges facing Moreau Lislet, the principal draftsman.