cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Saccharin Analogues in Rodents

Saccharin analogues were observed to be potent antihyperlipidemic agents at 20 mg/kg/day in rodents, significantly reducing both serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both normal and atherogenic mice. The saccharin analogues suppressed in vitro and in vivo liver enzymatic activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase, citrate lyase, and mitochondrial citrate exchange leading to a reduction of available cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA, which is required for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. Liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase, phosphatidate phosphohydralase, and glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase activities were markedly reduced by the saccharin analogues. Suppression of these enzymes would lead to a reduction of triglyceride synthesis. The saccharin analogues accelerated bile excretion of cholesterol metabolites and increased the fecal excretion of the cholesterol, triglycerides, neutral lipids, and phospholipids. The liver and plasma lipoprotein lipid content (including cholesterol, triglycerides, and neutral lipids) was markedly reduced by the saccharin analogues, whereas phospholipid content was elevated. The reduction of lipid content of serum chylomicron, very low-density, low-density, and high-density lipoprotein fractions by the saccharin analogues indicates that these agents may be useful in controlling hyperlipidemic diseases where specific lipoprotein fractions are elevated.
Transforming Growth Factor α Binds to Trypanosoma cruzi Amastigotes To Induce Signaling and Cellular Proliferation

Macrophages secrete transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) to trigger proliferation of cancer cells. Here, we report a new role for TGF-alpha in modulating the direct cellular proliferation of a parasitic protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi. Amastigotes present two classes of receptors for TGF-alpha with different binding affinities. (125)I-TGF-alpha binding was competed by an excess of cold epidermal growth factor and TGF-alpha but not by an irrelevant molecule. Upon binding of TGF-alpha to amastigotes, the ligand is internalized, inducing trypanosome tyrosine phosphorylation of 90- and 87-kDa proteins and increasing DNA synthesis and proliferation of amastigotes. Furthermore, exposure of macrophages to TGF-alpha induced increased amastigote proliferation. These results describe a novel mechanism used by amastigotes to regulate their proliferation mediated by a TGF-alpha-dependent signal transduction pathway.
Hemodynamic effects of positive-pressure inflation.

In 14 anesthetized mongrel dogs, we studied the factors that influenced aortic systolic pressure (PaO) and peak aortic systolic flow (Qao) during positive-pressure inflations at three respiratory r...
An Investigation of Excitation Balance and Additional Mandatory Conditions for the Diagnosis of Fortuitously Detected Defects

As circuits scale to ever smaller feature sizes, the types of defects that occur become increasingly complex and difficult to model. They generally do not behave like the faults considered during test pattern generation and therefore must be fortuitously detected by the pattern set. This mismatch of faults and defects also poses significant problems for diagnosis. This presentation describes a preliminary investigation into the use of mandatory conditions for the detection of both faults and defects with applications to defect diagnosis. It will show that multiple site observations and good excitation balance are essential not only for adequate fortuitous defect detection-they are also necessary for the determination of the mandatory conditions and implications that accompany those detections, and thus enable the diagnosis of these fortuitously detected and unmodeled defects as well
Brain Networks That Track Musical Structure

As the functional neuroimaging literature grows, it becomes increasingly apparent that music and musical activities engage diverse regions of the brain. In this paper I discuss two studies to illustrate that exactly which brain areas are observed to be responsive to musical stimuli and tasks depends on the tasks and the methods used to describe the tasks and the stimuli. In one study, subjects listened to polyphonic music and were asked to either orient their attention selectively to individual instruments or in a divided or holistic manner across multiple instruments. The network of brain areas that was recruited changed subtly with changes in the task instructions. The focus of the second study was to identify brain regions that follow the pattern of movement of a continuous melody through the tonal space defined by the major and minor keys of Western tonal music. Such an area was identified in the rostral medial prefrontal cortex. This observation is discussed in the context of other neuroimaging studies that implicate this region in inwardly directed mental states involving decisions about the self, autobiographical memory, the cognitive regulation of emotion, affective responses to musical stimuli, and familiarity judgments about musical stimuli. Together with observations that these regions are among the last to atrophy in Alzheimer disease, and that these patients appear to remain responsive to autobiographically salient musical stimuli, very early evidence is emerging from the literature for the hypothesis that the rostral medial prefrontal cortex is a node that is important for binding music with memories within a broader music-responsive network.
The Measure of Mercy: Islamic Justice, Sovereign Power, and Human Rights in Iran

In January 2000, Iranian government agents hailed a last-minute death sentence reprieve as an expression of Islamic human rights. Officials mobilized a native source of human rights in the invocation of mercy. For some, the proliferation of human rights norms situates a state in the fold of modernity, whereas the “spectacle of the scaffold” suggests a premodern demonstration of sovereign power. Through a study of sovereign power and human rights, this article questions the seemingly clear-cut divide between premodern and modern forms of justice and suggests that contemporary appeals to mercy as human rights should not be dismissed as being outside modern forms of state sovereignty.
Preliminary results of MR imaging with superparamagnetic iron oxide in pancreatic and retroperitoneal disorders.

The authors conducted a preliminary evaluation of the potential of superparamagnetic iron oxide as contrast material for delineation of the bowel. Ten patients with various pancreatic diseases and 18 patients with suspected retroperitoneal disease underwent T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging before and after contrast material was administered. Two radiologists reviewed randomized images and scored them for depiction of anatomic structures and abnormalities. In most patients, postcontrast T1-weighted images showed improved delineation of the retroperitoneal small bowel (duodenum), stomach, and pancreas. Postcontrast T2-weighted images showed improved delineation of retroperitoneal small bowel, para-aortic region, peripancreatic fat, and renal veins. There was no improvement in delineation of retroperitoneal diseases, except for lymphadenopathy, which was better seen on both T1- and T2-weighted postcontrast images. Preliminary results suggest that superparamagnetic iron oxide is a useful contrast agent for deli...
Characteristics of particle number and mass emissions during heavy-duty diesel truck parked active DPF regeneration in an ambient air dilution tunnel

Abstract Diesel particle number and mass emissions were measured during parked active regeneration of diesel particulate filters (DPF) in two heavy-duty diesel trucks: one equipped with a DPF and one equipped with a DPF + SCR (selective catalytic reduction), and compliant with the 2007 and 2010 emission standards, respectively. The emission measurements were conducted using an ambient air dilution tunnel. During parked active regeneration, particulate matter (PM) mass emissions measured from a 2007 technology truck were significantly higher than the emissions from a 2010 technology truck. Particle number emissions from both trucks were dominated by nucleation mode particles having a diameter less than 50 nm; nucleation mode particles were orders of magnitude higher than accumulation mode particles having a diameter greater than 50 nm. Accumulation mode particles contributed 77.8 %–95.8 % of the 2007 truck PM mass, but only 7.3 %–28.2 % of the 2010 truck PM mass.
Imaging Information Systems

The earliest radiology information systems (RISs) were developed in the late 1960s to support administrative tasks such as scheduling and workflow; in 1978, leading developers joined together to form what became the dominant RIS. Widely deployed today, the RIS is being integrated into the electronic health record; reporting functions are supported by speech recognition or by structured reporting. The 1980s saw the development of picture archival and communication systems (PACS) to store the multiplicity of images generated by new technologies, notably computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and make them available for interactive viewing on special display terminals. In the early 1990s, PACSs were installed in Department of Defense and Veterans Administration facilities. Today, PACS are blending with teleradiology to support subspecialists in interpreting examinations 24 h a day. Workflow systems that manage RIS and PACS information across multiple hospitals require routing much like the PACS of the early days. Vendor neutral archives can offer centralized storage and respond to queries from any PACS/RIS. In radiology, the image component is governed by the standard known as Digital Communications in Medicine (DICOM); activities such as orders, reports, and billing are communicated by Health Level 7. As imaging information systems continue to evolve, preferred implementations for specific tasks are being defined under the Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE); computer algorithms are being developed to aid in the adoption of Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD); and visualization and measurements based on 3D imaging hold promise for some diagnostic and therapeutic tasks.
Geography of Infrastructure Functionality at Schools in Nigeria: Evidence From Spatial Data Analysis Across Local Government Areas

Is functionality of electricity, sanitation and water infrastructure at schools unequally distributed geographically in Nigeria? Are there significant disparities in infrastructure functionality between Northern and Southern geopolitical zones in the country as has been posited in previous studies? In this study, we answer these questions with an examination of functionality at schools, with metrics for functionality aggregated at the smallest administrative unit available in the country, the local government area (LGA). We employ spatial statistical techniques to examine the spatial autocorrelation of power, sanitation and water (or ‘infrastructure’) non-functionality across 68,627 schools for 764 of 774 local government areas in Nigeria using a novel survey dataset courtesy of Nigeria's Office of the Senior Special Assistant to the President on the Millennium Development Goals. We find evidence for the existence of LGA clusters of infrastructure non-functionality, aligned along Nigeria's six geopolitica...
Pore-Scale Process Coupling and Effective Surface Reaction Rates in Heterogeneous Subsurface Materials

Heterogeneity in pore structure and reaction properties including grain size and mineralogy, pore size and connectivity, and sediment surface area and reactivity is a common phenomenon in subsurface materials. Heterogeneity affects transport, mixing, and the interactions of reactants that affect local and overall geochemical and biogeochemical reactions. Effective reaction rates can be orders of magnitude lower in heterogeneous porous media than those observed in well-mixed, homogeneous systems as a result of the pore-scale variability in physical, chemical, and biological properties, and the coupling of pore-scale surface reactions with mass-transport processes in heterogeneous materials. Extensive research has been performed on surface reactions at the pore-scale to provide physicochemical insights on factors that control macroscopic reaction kinetics in porous media. Mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions have been frequently investigated to evaluate how intrinsic reaction rates and mass transfer control macroscopic reaction rates. Examples include the dissolution and/or precipitation of calcite (Bernard 2005; Li et al. 2008; Tartakovsky et al. 2008a; Flukiger and Bernard 2009; Luquot and Gouze 2009; Kang et al. 2010; Zhang et al. 2010a; Molins et al. 2012, 2014; Yoon et al. 2012; Steefel et al. 2013; Luquot et al. 2014), anorthite and kaolinite (Li et al. 2006, 2007), iron oxides (Pallud et al. 2010a,b; Raoof et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2013a), and uranyl silicate and uraninite (Liu et al. 2006; Pearce et al. 2012). Adsorption and desorption at the pore-scale have been investigated to understand the effect of pore structure heterogeneity on reaction rates and rate scaling from the pore to macroscopic scales (Acharya et al. 2005; Zhang et al. 2008, 2010c, 2013b; Zhang and Lv 2009; Liu et al. 2013a). Microbially mediated reactions have also …
The North Atlantic Area as a Policy Arena

Despite an enormous amount of attention by political scientists over the last couple of decades, fundamental confusions persist about the nature of the Atlantic Community and its utility as a unit of political analysis. We have learned a great deal about the foreign policy priorities of the nations of the North Atlantic area; we have a considerable understanding of the capacities of regional and subregional institutions; and we also have vast quantities of transactional and attitudinal data bearing on the emergence of a North Atlantic economy and society. But the problem that remains is how to put it all together-and whether and why it might be worth the trouble. The pieces are difficult to fit together primarily because they have been collected for different purposes, and, therefore, tell distinct if related stories. Moreover, much of this research was informed by world views and aspirations that may no longer be relevant or entirely adequate. While we, therefore, know a good deal about the properties of the North Atlantic area, it is necessary to distinguish the transitory from the long-term trends; to be sensitive to the limitations of the available data; and to remain open to the possibility that we may have to
Evaluation of Turbulent Models for Natural Convection of Compressible Air in a Tall Cavity

Numerical simulation of turbulent natural convection of compressible air in a tall cavity is carried out. In order to evaluate the accuracy of turbulent models, various turbulent models are applied to solve the natural convection in a tall cavity that has different temperatures imposed on two opposing vertical walls. For the large-eddy simulation (LES) model, Smagorinsky subgrid scale (SGS) and dynamic Smagorinsky SGS are also applied to the same cases in order to investigate the differences in temperature and velocity caused by different turbulent models. It is found that the k–ϵ model has a high accuracy of predicting velocity distribution at various sampled lines by comparing with experimental data at Rayleigh number of 2.03 × 1010 and 3.37 × 1010, while the LES model has good performance in predicting temperature distributions.
Analysis of routine examination of vaginal secretions in 450 cases

Objective:To investigate female lower genital tract infection fungal infection of trichomonas to provide a basis for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods:Obtained with sterile cotton sub-Shi deep vaginal secretions or after the dome and saline smears to determine cleanliness and inspection of trichomoniasis,dropping 10% NaOH solution,the wet film examination mold,χ2 test was used to compare rates.Results:Mold and trichomoniasis overall detection rate of 19.56%,of which 13.78% detection rate of fungi,trichomonas detection rate of 5.78%.Conclusion:Mold and trichomoniasis have no detectable difference in age,season,humidity,mold detection rate of trichomoniasis is significantly higher than the low temperature season,vaginal cleanliness of Ⅲ～Ⅳ degree of mold detection rate of trichomoniasis is significantly higher thanⅠ～Ⅱ degree detection rate.How to improve the detection rate of mold trichomoniasis,vaginitis in improving the cure rate has an important role.
Medical implications of molecular parasitology

Publisher Summary The modern era of parasitology begins with the introduction of the light microscope. While these advances have little immediate impact on the development of chemotherapy, they provided the foundation for recent developments in molecular parasitology that hold great promise for the future. For basic scientists and clinical investigators, the rational design of new drugs has always engendered great enthusiasm. The strategy is to identify an essential parasite molecule or pathway. Then, once a potential target is characterized, the medicinal chemist is called upon to synthesize specific inhibitor. While many anti-parasitic drugs are identified through mass screening programs, a number are developed through a rational approach. The recent advances in the molecular and cell biology of parasites, as discussed in this chapter, offer great hope for the future. It is reasonable to predict that these, coupled with advances in medicinal chemistry such as catalytic asymmetric synthesis and micro-array screening technologies, may result in dramatic improvements in anti-parasitic chemotherapy in the decades to come. The chapter concludes that the opportunities for identification of new molecular targets and the synthesis of compounds that have activity against them are unprecedented and offer great hope for the future. As the genomes of the parasites are sequenced new targets are almost certainly identified, and inhibitors are synthesized. Microarray technology offers the potential for mass screening of compounds on a scale, which was once unimaginable.
Thermal decomposition of poly(styrene) in the presence of a hydrogen atom transfer agent

General-purpose poly(styrene) is conventionally prepared using radical techniques in which termination of polymerization occurs through radical coupling to form a head-to-head unit. Previous evidence has shown that the bond linking the head-to-head components can undergo homolysis under thermal stress. Styrene monomer is generated from the rapid depolymerization of the macroradicals generated to release styrene monomer. Poly(styrene) containing no head-to-head units, on the other hand, does not undergo similar decomposition. Furthermore, the presence of polymer additives such as a hydrogen transfer agent that can effectively trap the macroradicals generated by chain scission should inhibit chain unzipping to form monomer. A direct comparison of the stability of the polymer in the presence and absence of a hydrogen atom transfer agent is readily available by thermogravimetric techniques.
Natalia Khanenko-Friesen, Ukrainian otherlands: Diaspora, homeland, and folk imagination in the twentieth century

Natalia Khanenko-Friesen’s well-researched ethnography of Ukrainian immigrant experiences in the Old and New Worlds brings scholarly depth to the most human of emotions – our need to feel connected...
Rett Variants: A Widening Symptom Complex

In a collaborative Swedish-Norwegian project, at Goteborg Sweden and Oslo, Norway, a model for the clinical delineation of atypical cases of Rett syndrome was applied to a pilot series of 16 mentally retarded females, aged 11 to 47 years (median: 23).
The Socialization of Culturally Related Values and Prosocial Tendencies among Mexican-American Adolescents.

The socialization of cultural values, ethnic identity, and prosocial behaviors is examined in a sample of 749 Mexican American adolescents [age 9–12 at the 5th grade; M(SD) = 10.42(.55); 49% female], their mothers, and fathers at the 5th, 7th and 10th grades. Parents’ familism values positively predicted their ethnic socialization practices. Mothers’ ethnic socialization positively predicted adolescents’ ethnic identity, which positively predicted adolescents’ familism. Familism was associated with several types of prosocial tendencies. Adolescents’ material success and personal achievement values were negatively associated with altruistic helping and positively associated with public helping, but not their parents’ corresponding values. Findings support cultural socialization models, asserting that parents’ traditional cultural values influence their socialization practices, youth cultural values, and youth prosocial behaviors.
Feed additives decrease survival of delta coronavirus in nursery pig diets

Feed contaminated with feces from infected pigs is believed to be a potential route of transmission of porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV). The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of commercial feed additives (e.i., acids, salt and sugar) to swine feed can be an effective strategy to inactive PDCoV. Six commercial feed acids (UltraAcid P, Activate DA, KEMGEST, Acid Booster, Luprosil, and Amasil), salt, and sugar were evaluated. The acids were added at the recommended concentrations to 5 g aliquots of complete feed, which were also inoculated with 1 mL of PDCoV and incubated for 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. In another experiment, double the recommended concentrations of these additives were also added to the feed samples and incubated for 0, 1, 3, 7, and 10 days. All samples were stored at room temperature (~25 °C) followed by removal of aliquots at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. Any surviving virus was eluted in a buffer solution and then titrated in swine testicular cells. Feed samples without any additive were used as controls. Both Weibull and log-linear kinetic models were used to analyze virus survival curves. The presence of a tail in the virus inactivation curves indicated deviations from the linear behavior and hence, the Weibull model was chosen for characterizing the inactivation responses due to the better fit. At recommended concentrations, delta values (days to decrease virus concentration by 1 log) ranged from 0.62–1.72 days, but there were no differences on virus survival among feed samples with or without additives at the manufacturers recommended concentrations. Doubling the concentration of the additives reduced the delta value to ≤ 0.28 days (P < 0.05) for all the additives except for Amasil (delta values of 0.86 vs. 4.95 days). Feed additives that contained phosphoric acid, citric acid, or fumaric acid were the most effective in reducing virus survival, although none of the additives completely inactivated the virus by 10- days post-inoculation. Commercial feed additives (acidifiers and salt) may be utilized as a strategy to decrease risk of PDCoV in feed, specially, commercial feed acidifiers at double the recommended concentrations reduced PDCoV survival in complete feed during storage at room temperature. However, none of these additives completely inactivated the virus.
A comparison of lysophosphatidylcholine and crush injury in a rat model of sciatic nerve regeneration

This study examined the effect of using lysophosphatidyl choline LPC in combination with a nerve crush injury on the healing rate of damaged left sciatic nerves in female rats The rats were divided randomly into four groups Control LPC Crush or Crush LPC The Control group was the undamaged right sciatic nerve The other groups were the damaged left sciatic nerve The healing of the nerves was measured by monitoring gait electrophysiological parameters compound muscleaction potential CMAP amplitudes and nerve conductance velocities NCV and morphological parameters total fascicular area total myelinated fiber counts fiber densities fiber diameters and g ratio Gait and electrophysiological parameters were measured three times a week Morphological parameters were measured at three weeks and at six weeks The LPC group was statistically different from the Control group for the first three weeks for the electrophysiological parameters and gait but was not statistically different from the control at either of the morphological time points The Crush and Crush LPC groups were statistically different from the Control group at week forall parameters and only differed from the Control group in theelectrophysiological parameter at week The Crush and Crush LPC groups did not differ from each other in any parameter at any time point This study demonstrated that a combination of LPC and Crush did not compound the damage to the nerve and did not add or subtract healing time to the injury from a Crush
Who Persuades Who? An Analysis of Persuasion Choices Related to Antibiotic-Free Food

Personal communication, in which one person persuades another to engage in a particular behavior, is one means through which behaviors spread. To better understand how personal communication spread...
Relative Attractiveness of Oranges and Grapefruits to Mexican Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a Wind Tunnel

Grapefruits and sweet oranges were equally attractive to, and elicited comparable oviposition behavior from, naive laboratory-strain female Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), in wind-tunnel experiments. Neither fruit attracted nor elicited oviposition behavior from naive wild females. For laboratory females, experience with either grapefruits or oranges enhanced attraction to both fruits and enhanced attraction to the experienced fruit more so than to the other, but did not affect oviposition propensity. For wild females, experience with either fruit enhanced attraction to both fruits, enhanced attraction to the experienced fruit more so than to the other, and increased oviposition propensity on both fruits. Also, wild females experienced with grapefruits oviposited more readily in grapefruits than did those experienced with oranges. Both laboratory and wild females experienced with either fruit directed less oviposition behavior toward wind-tunnel walls than did naive females. Laboratory male...
What faculty have to say about library outreach: A rural community college survey

Just what are faculty looking for when it comes to library outreach? With relatively little formal research available that asks faculty directly about their needs and preferences when it comes to outreach activities, I decided to ask the faculty of a rural community college this question directly using a formal, but low-stakes, survey.
Era of hospitalists

Hospitalists, known as physicians, are an emerging group in the medical field that is focused on the general medical care of hospitalized patients. Specializing in hospital medicine, they often attract a mix of appreciation and criticism. In the present manuscript, we review the pros and cons of a hospitalist in the health-care system. Although experts agree that hospitalists add value to the health-care system by reducing costs, streamlining administrative processes, and contributing to improved health-care outcomes, there is a large degree of disagreement regarding the extent of hospitalist contribution to overall improvements on health-care outcomes. In this paper, new strategies to overcome reported shortcomings and to further improve the quality of health care are discussed. Abbreviations: SHM: Society of Hospital Medicine; BOOST: Better Outcomes by Optimizing Safe Transitions; RED: Re-Engineered Discharge; CHF: chronic heart failure; MI: myocardial infarction; ICU: intensive care unit; PACT: post-acute care transitions; MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; CINAHL: The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; PCP: primary care physician.
The Bacteriophage T4 MotB Protein, a DNA-Binding Protein, Improves Phage Fitness.

The lytic bacteriophage T4 employs multiple phage-encoded early proteins to takeover the Escherichia coli host. However, the functions of many of these proteins are not known. In this study, we have characterized the T4 early gene motB, located in a dispensable region of the T4 genome. We show that heterologous production of MotB is highly toxic to E. coli, resulting in cell death or growth arrest depending on the strain and that the presence of motB increases T4 burst size 2-fold. Previous work suggested that motB affects middle gene expression, but our transcriptome analyses of T4 motBam vs. T4 wt infections reveal that only a few late genes are mildly impaired at 5 min post-infection, and expression of early and middle genes is unaffected. We find that MotB is a DNA-binding protein that binds both unmodified host and T4 modified [(glucosylated, hydroxymethylated-5 cytosine, (GHme-C)] DNA with no detectable sequence specificity. Interestingly, MotB copurifies with the host histone-like proteins, H-NS and StpA, either directly or through cobinding to DNA. We show that H-NS also binds modified T4 DNA and speculate that MotB may alter how H-NS interacts with T4 DNA, host DNA, or both, thereby improving the growth of the phage.
On Strongly Minimal Kähler Surfaces in {\mathbf{C}^3} and the Equality {scal(p) = 4 \inf sec(\pi ^r)}

Pursuing an idea motivated by a question of S.-S. Chern from 1968 on the existence of intrinsic Riemannian obstructions to minimality [Chern, S.-S.: Minimal submanifolds in a Riemannian manifold (1968)], an important study of the very idea of curvature was deepened after 1993 by B.-Y. Chen, then by other authors. In the last two decades, B.-Y. Chen’s fundamental inequalities have been investigated by many authors in the context of various geometric structures. In this work, we start by presenting B.-Y. Chen’s fundamental inequality for Kahler submanifolds in complex space forms, and we recall why the case of Kahler surfaces in \({\mathbf{C}^3}\) satisfying \({scal(p) = 4 \inf sec(\pi ^r)}\) appears naturally and is important. Then we provide several characterizations of strongly minimal complex surfaces in the complex three dimensional space. We focus our study on the question of finding further examples of strongly minimal Kahler surfaces, as the question of a complete classification of these geometric objects is still open.
Comments On: Changes in PO2 and Ion Fluxes in Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia

The demonstration of inhomogeneous damage in shock relative to hypoxia is consistent with the hypothesis that inhomogeneous perfusion is present and may be responsible for many of the graded biochemical changes noted in ischemia. In our laboratory we have also noted marked inhomogeneity in ischemic lesions as was mentioned earlier by Dr. Welsh. (Fig. lb) In hypoxic animals the lesion demonstrated by frozen tissue fluorescence is likely to be more homogeneous as can be seen in Figure la. However, even in the hypoxic insult, there is usually evidence of some metabolic inhomogeneity. This is especially evident when there is slight oligemia associated with hypoxia. (Fig. 1c) I think it is important to keep this finding in mind when trying to interpret biochemical changes in either hypoxic or ischemic lesions. That is, when a graded change in one of the metabolic parameters is noted, it may be due to a slight diffuse or to a marked focal variation. This problem has, of course, been recognized at the subcellular level for some time.
The Appeal of Marxism in the United States

The following article was written in Hungary during 1968, and a translation was scheduled for publication in an Hungarian journal in August, 1968. The invasion of Czechoslovakia by troops of some members of the Warsaw Pact made the publication of this article impossible and it appears in print here for the first time.
Is Adolescent Adjustment Following Parental Divorce a Function of Predivorce Adjustment

This study examined whether adolescent adjustment problems which previously have been attributed to parental divorce exist prior to the divorce. Three groups (to-be-divorced, remain intact, and already divorced) were examined across four domains of adolescent functioning reported by multiple informants. The results indicated that adolescents from the to-be-divorced group functioned similarly to those who would remain in intact families but better than those in the already divorced group, suggesting that differences can be attributed to parental divorce and its accompanying disruption of family processes. Two of these processes, interparental conflict and parenting, were examined and failed to receive support.
Experimental Performance Analysis of Network Coding in Wireless Systems

Network coding (NC) holds great significance in the upcoming 5G paradigm because of the potential improvements it offers in terms of network throughput, energy efficiency and data security. However, the evidence for these potential advantages comes mainly from within a theoretical framework or is based on simulations; there is a paucity of empirical evidence. Secondly, few works have evaluated NC in terms of its impacts on both throughput and bit error rate (BER) simultaneously. The work outlined in this paper addresses both of the aforementioned issues. We implement both the NC and non-NC schemes for a communication system in the context of n-source multiple-input single- output (MISO) topologies on software-defined radios (SDRs). The performances of the two schemes have been compared in terms of BER, throughput and goodput or useful throughput. Our results show that the goodput improvement in NC when compared to non-NC is more pronounced at higher transmitter (TX) gains and that below a certain TX gain threshold, non-NC should be preferred over NC.
Jet amplification and cavity formation induced by penetrable fabrics in hydrophilic sphere entry

Studies of solid impact with fluid surfaces have traditionally considered splashing in the context of impactor shape and surface texture. However, it is not always possible to tune impactor properties for desired splash characteristics. In this experimental study, smooth, hydrophilic, free-falling spheres are allowed to impact a quiescent liquid surface for Weber numbers in the range of 400–1580. The liquid surface is modified by the inclusion of a thin fabric upon which a falling sphere strikes and penetrates at water entry. With respect to clean water, inclusion of a single layer of fabric on the surface increases the Worthington jet height across all entry speeds tested. As the sphere penetrates, the fabric is drawn inward, providing a fabric funnel through which a Worthington jet subsequently passes. We show that the presence of fabric increases the drag at entry and enables air-entraining cavities otherwise unattainable by hydrophilic spheres for the impact speeds tested. Such cavity formation is made possible by alteration of the flow separation angle, analogous to greater values of the advancing contact angle.
Primary antiphospholipid syndrome associated Liebman-Sachs endocarditis leading to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: A case report.

Abstract A 26 year old female presented for recurrent blood tinged sputum during the previous year with development of frank hemoptysis three days prior to admission. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) was confirmed with serial lavages. The patient had no history of autoimmune disease, vascular thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity including miscarriages or pre-eclampsia. High dose steroids were initiated along with noninvasive ventilatory support. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed severe mitral regurgitation and a vegetation on the mitral valve; transesophageal echocardiogram determined the lesion highly suggestive of Libman-Sachs endocarditis. Blood cultures were negative. Immunological evaluation established the patient was negative for: anti-nuclear antibody, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody, rheumatoid factor, anti-smith antibody, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Further evaluation revealed elevated levels of anticardiolipin immunoglobulin G and anti-beta 2 glycoprotein immunoglobulin G which continued to increase for months after hospitalization. She was diagnosed with DAH secondary to acute mitral regurgitation caused by Libman-Sachs endocarditis in the presence of primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. DAH is an important disease to understand given its high mortality rate. Few case reports relating the presence of Libman-Sachs endocarditis induced by antiphospholipid antibody syndrome leading to DAH have been published. Unique here is the absence of rheumatologic markers thus supporting a diagnosis of primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). This patient had no findings associated with rheumatological disorders potentially making this diagnosis easily overlooked. This case further illustrates the importance of evaluating patients with APS presenting with DAH as there are multiple etiologies that lead to this pathology thus different treatment avenues are to be considered during management.
Clinical Implications of Extensive Lymph Node Metastases for Resected Pancreatic Cancer

Outcomes of patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and extensive lymph node metastases have not been fully characterized. A total of 637 patients underwent resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) between 2002 and 2014 at the Thomas Jefferson University. Positive lymph node count (LNC) and positive lymph node ratio (LNR) were analyzed as predictors of cancer-specific outcomes, with a focus on outcomes of patients with extensive lymph node burden. Resected patients with regional lymph node metastases had a median survival of 17.1 months (n = 425, 70%) compared with 25.5 months (n = 185, 30%) for patients without lymph node spread (N0) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.9, p < 0.001). Overall survival decremented with increased lymph node spread, but plateaued for LNC ≥ 4 (HR 2.4 vs. N0, p < 0.001) and LNR ≥ 0.4 (HR 2.2, p < 0.001). Compared with historical cohorts with macroscopic metastatic disease, as opposed to microscopic, superior long-term survival was achieved in patients with extensive lymph node metastases (LNC ≥ 4); 24- and 36-month survivals were 25% (vs. 16%, p < 0.001) and 12% (vs. 6%, p < 0.001), respectively. Extensive lymph node burden was associated with increased baseline postoperative serum CA 19-9 (p = 0.044) and systemic recurrence (p < 0.001). The prognostic impact of extensive lymph node spread after resection for PDA plateaus above a specific threshold (LNC ≥ 4 or LNR ≥ 0.4), supporting the new 8th edition AJCC criteria for N2 disease. Clinically, lymph node spread above this threshold seems to correlate with occult systemic disease (elevated postoperative CA 19-9 and systemic pattern of failure).
Importance of Compliance Audits for a Pediatric Complicated Appendicitis Clinical Practice Guideline

Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) have been shown to decrease practice variation, reduce resource use, and improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to audit compliance of a pediatric complicated appendicitis CPG to identify areas for continued improvement. A comprehensive complicated appendicitis CPG was implemented in a children’s hospital system. Outcomes were compared for 48 months pre- (01/2012 to 12/2015) and 28 months post-implementation (01/2016 to 04/2018). A detailed compliance audit was nested within the post-implementation period in 60 consecutive patients from 11/2017 to 03/2018. Feedback was provided to care providers throughout the audit. Overall, 2370 children with complicated appendicitis were identified (1366 pre-CPG and 1004 post-CPG). The CPG resulted in decrease in mean length of stay from 5.3 days to 4.5 days (p = 0.751), postoperative returns to the system (13.0% to 10.1%, p = 0.030), and readmissions (5.3% to 4.3%, p = 0.237). Central line use decreased from 11.2% to 5.5% (p < 0.001) and antibiotic selection improved from 47.0% to 84.1% (p < 0.001). On audit, only 15% (9/60) had full CPG compliance and 49% (29/60) received recommended antibiotic durations. Compliance increased from 7% to 23% with audit-derived feedback. After stratifying by appendicitis severity, audits resulted in improved antibiotic duration compliance for patients with severe appendicitis (38.1% to 66.7%, p = 0.07) and postoperative ambulation for patients with lower grade disease (37.5% to 83.3%, p = 0.06). Audit cycles on a complicated appendicitis CPG and feedback to providers improved CPG compliance and more granular outcomes of interest.
Real-world risk exposure in older drivers with cognitive and visual dysfunction.

AbstractObjective: This study addresses the need to measure and monitor objective, real-world driver safety behavior in at-risk drivers with age-related dysfunction. Older drivers are at risk for a...
Use of human-made structures facilitates persistence of a non-native ectotherm

Human-modified habitats often harbor non-native populations and may facilitate the transport and establishment of invasive species. Disturbed areas are typically warmer than adjacent natural habitats (e.g. urban heat island effect), and thus, ectotherms may benefit from landscape modifications. Although much research has considered how urban areas facilitate invasion, greenhouses may enhance successful invasion to rural areas via transport of exotics through plant shipments and increased temperatures. However, for non-native species to establish and become invasive, populations must adapt to the local climate outside the protection of greenhouses. We studied a population of non-native lizards (Anolis sagrei) that have been naturalized for at least 10 years in a greenhouse in Opelika, Alabama, USA, which is far above the northernmost point of the species’ continuous invasive range. The greenhouse was warmer than adjacent outdoor habitat at all hours of the day and often reached temperatures above the critical thermal maximum of lizards. Our measurements of behavior and thermal physiology suggest that lizards have not physiologically adapted to these novel conditions, but rather, behavioral modifications likely allow the population to persist. Moreover, we found no evidence that lizards are dispersing from the greenhouse, and we conclude that this population is dependent on this structure for survival. While human structures and human-modified habitats may facilitate the transport of non-natives, these environments potentially shield populations from selective pressures necessary for species to spread throughout non-native areas. This may contribute to a long lag phase which characterizes many invasions.
Generalized Autoregressive Linear Models for Discrete High-Dimensional Data

Fitting multivariate autoregressive (AR) models is fundamental for time-series data analysis in a wide range of applications. This article considers the problem of learning a $p$ -lag multivariate AR model where each time step involves a linear combination of the past $p$ states followed by a probabilistic, possibly nonlinear, mapping to the next state. The problem is to learn the linear connectivity tensor from observations of the states. We focus on the sparse setting, which arises in applications with a limited number of direct connections between variables. For such problems, $\ell _{1}$ -regularized maximum likelihood estimation (or M-estimation more generally) is often straightforward to apply and works well in practice. However, the analysis of such methods is difficult due to the feedback in the state dynamic and the presence of nonlinearities, especially when the underlying process is non-Gaussian. Our main result provides a bound on the mean-squared error of the estimated connectivity tensor as a function of the sparsity and the number of samples, for a class of discrete multivariate AR models, in the high-dimensional regime. Importantly, the bound indicates that, with sufficient sparsity, consistent estimation is possible in cases where the number of samples is significantly less than the total number of parameters.
Functional Connectome in Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism.

There has been an exponential growth in functional connectomics research in neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes the recent findings and limitations of the field in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Increasingly more sophisticated methods ranging from seed-based to network and whole-brain dynamic functional connectivity have been used. Results regarding the disruption in the functional connectome vary considerably based on disease severity and phenotypes, and treatment status in PD. Non-motor symptoms of PD also link to the dysfunction in heterogeneous networks. Studies in atypical parkinsonian syndromes are relatively scarce. An important clinical goal of functional connectomics in neurodegenerative disorders is to establish the presence of pathology, track disease progression, predict outcomes, and monitor treatment response. The obstacles of reliability and reproducibility in the field need to be addressed to improve the potential of the functional connectome as a biomarker for these purposes in PD and atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
Prevalence and influencing factors of Enterobius vermicularis infections among children in Fanxian County of Henan Province in 2019

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of Enterobius vermicularis infections among children in Fanxian County, Henan Province in 2019, so as to provide insights into the management of enterobiasis. Methods Five kindergartens were selected in urban and rural areas of Fanxian County, Henan Province using the stratified sampling method in 2019, and a census of E. vermicularis infections was performed among all children in the kindergartens. E. vermicularis eggs were detected using adhesive and scotch cellophane-tape anal swab methods, and the basic characteristics of children and their families, health habits and the kindergartens' information were investigated with questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors and protective factors of pinworm infection in children. Results A total of 671 children were tested, and the mean prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 15.50% (104/671). The prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was higher among children in rural kindergartens (28.13%, 72/256) than in urban kindergartens (7.71%, 32/415) (χ2 = 50.380, P 0.05), and the prevalence of E. vermicularis infections presented a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend = 8.373, P 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of E. vermicularis infection is high among children in Fanxian Country, Henan Province. Health education and surveillance of enterobiasis are required to be intensified among children in rural kindergartens and senior grades and their parents and teachers.