cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of an Imaging System and Its Application in the Study of Cutting Fluid Atomization in a Turning Process

Airborne inhalable particulates in the workplace can represent a significant health hazard, and one of the primary sources of particles is mist produced through the application of cutting fluids in machining operations. One of the principal mechanisms associated with cutting fluid mist formation is atomization. Atomization is studied by applying cutting fluid to a rotating workpiece such as found in a turning process. In order to properly study the atomization mechanism, an imaging system was developed. This system extends the size measurement range typically achievable with aerosol sampling devices to include larger particles. Experimental observations reveal that workpiece rotation speed and cutting fluid flow rate have significant effects on the size of the droplets produced by the atomization mechanism. With respect to atomization, the technical literature describes models for fluid interaction with the rotating workpiece and droplet formation via drop, ligament, and film formation modes. Experimental...
Context-sensitive multimedia

The integration of multimedia into heterogeneous computer applications exposes the need for context-sensitive multimedia objects which can adapt to the fluctuating resources and needs of the application. The typical model of a multimedia application is to give the application access to a library of static multimedia objects. System management of the presentation is limited to synchronization. We contend that multimedia objects should be dynamic and adaptable to their application environments. At the very least, multimedia objects should be scalable in terms of resource usage, e.g., the use of screen space, network bandwidth, and computational resources. Multimedia objects should also be able to alter their modes of representation in response to the changing needs of the user. Finally, multimedia objects should be capable of altering their content to fit the preferences of the user and the context of the presentation. We present a multimedia distribution system called O, which enables the creation of dynamic multimedia objects for distribution over a network. These objects are `self-aware,' in that they can be programmed with the behaviors necessary to respond to a changing presentation environment. O is featured as the multimedia distribution tool in both a personalized information retrieval application and a mapping application.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Smoking Expectancies, Weight Concerns, and Dietary Behaviors in Adolescence

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the association of cigarette smoking and weight concerns in adolescents, given that adolescents may begin smoking or have difficulty quitting because of their expectancies of the effects of smoking on body weight. METHODS: This study used data from a cross-sectional survey of 4523 Connecticut high school adolescents to assess the influence of gender, smoking intensity, and dietary-restrictive behavior on smoking-related weight concerns. RESULTS: Heavy smokers were significantly less likely to engage in healthy dietary restrictions than nonsmokers; however, light smokers did not differ from nonsmokers. Both light and heavy smokers were significantly more likely to engage in unhealthy dietary restriction when compared with nonsmokers. In the model that was used to examine smokers only, heavy smokers were significantly less likely to engage in healthy dietary restriction than light smokers, but smoking level was not associated with unhealthy dietary restrictions. Dietary restrictions are significantly associated with smoking-related weight concerns; however, this seems to be related to type of dietary-restrictive behavior, with greater weight concerns observed only in those smokers who engaged in unhealthy dietary restrictions and not in those who engaged in healthy dietary restrictions or no restrictions. CONCLUSIONS: Although limited by its cross-sectional nature, the findings from this large, geographically diverse sample have clinical implications for smoking prevention and cessation interventions in adolescents.
The aging craniofacial complex: a longitudinal cephalometric study from late adolescence to late adulthood.

Introduction: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate craniofacial growth changes from late adolescence through late adulthood in participants from the University of Michigan Elementary and Secondary School Growth Study. Methods: This was a recall study with 39 subjects (19 male, 20 female). Their lateral cephalograms taken during late adolescence (T1; mean age, about 17 years), midadulthood (T2; mean age, about 47 years), and late adulthood (T3; mean age, about 57 years) were evaluated. To test for significant differences between times, sexes, and the sex and time interaction, repeated measures analysis of variance was used. For the comparisons of time (T1 vs T2, T2 vs T3), the nominal α level was set at 0.01. Results: Skeletal changes were significant only from late adolescence to midadulthood; soft-tissue changes were significant from late adolescence to midadulthood, and mid- to late adulthood. Changes in skeletal tissues consisted of increases in sella-nasion length, midfacial length, and lower anterior facial height. Sex differences were apparent in the mandible. The women had downward and backward mandibular rotation; the men, on the other hand, had more forward rotation of the mandible and increased chin prominence. Mandibular growth was greater in the men. Changes in the soft tissues were the most remarkable and included significant thinning and elongation of the upper lip. Significant changes in the nose took place, including drooping of the nasal tip and columella, the latter leading to more acute nasolabial angles. Conclusions: Our findings in this longitudinal study provide insights on several significant changes in the aging craniofacial complex.
Early responses of glomerular filtration rate to unilateral nephrectomy

Early responses of glomerular filtration rate to unilateral nephrectomy. Unilateral nephrectomy in rats was followed in 24 hours with an increase in protein, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and kidney weight equal to 6 to 10% of the prenephrectomy value. Clearance of iothalamate (C Io ) was used to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The ratio C Io :C In in rats was 0.92, but the ratio remained stable under varying experimental conditions. C Io measured during hypotonic expansion of extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) had increased by 21% in 24 hours, whereas there was no increase in sham-operated controls in which ECFV had been expanded to the same degree. C Io also was increased four to five hours after nephrectomy during mannitol infusion, and 30 to 90 minutes after nephrectomy during either hypotonic or isotonic expansion of ECFV. These later changes were accompanied by a decrease in C PAH . Sham-operated controls did not show a change in C Io . The findings were interpreted as indicating GFR did increase very early after nephrectomy, but the increase was not due to a change in renal blood flow and in extracellular volume. Removal of a kidney appeared to initiate activation of some regulator to increase GFR and sodium reabsorption. Whether this regulator also was essential in initiating the hypertrophy response was not examined.
Rowing training system for on-the-water rehabilitation and sport

Quantitative and continuous performance assessment enhances effective physical training in sports and rehabilitation. Rowing uses the large muscles of the body in an aerobic and strength building manner. Rowing has utilization as a competitive sport, an aerobic exercise, or a rehabilitation exercise, such as related to spinal cord injury, stroke, trauma, old age, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or osteoporosis. Guidance from a physically present coach or therapists has high cost and time requirements that limit accessibility. A computerized system that gives instructions to the rower, monitors rowing performance, and transmits the data to a computer for analysis, storage, and communication would increase accessibility of quality feedback and guidance. Ergometers are stationary rowing stations with automatic instructions and monitoring of performance. Sensors have been developed for on-the-water monitoring of rowing, but these devices typically have disadvantages of affecting the oar, difficult mounting procedures, and high cost. This project developed modules of a system integrated with the oar, which then wirelessly transmitted the recorded force and rotational data to computer. The computer could analyze, store and communicate the data to the rowers, coach or therapist, medical staff and other appropriate family members or associates.
Mapping hard magnetic recording disks by TOF-SIMS

Abstract Mapping of hard magnetic recording disks by TOF-SIMS was performed both to produce significant analytical results for the understanding of the disk surface and the head disk interface in hard disk drives, and as an example of a macroscopic non-rectangular mapping problem for the technique. In this study, maps were obtained by taking discrete samples of the disk surface at set intervals in R and Θ. Because both in manufacturing, and in the disk drive, processes that may affect the disk surface are typically circumferential in nature, changes in the surface are likely to be blurred in the Θ direction. An algorithm was developed to determine the optimum relative sampling ratio in R and Θ. The results confirm what the experience of the analysts suggested, that changes occur more rapidly on disks in the radial direction, and that more sampling in the radial direction is desired. The subsequent use of statistical methods principle component analysis (PCA), maximum auto-correlation factors (MAF), and the algorithm inverse distance weighting (IDW) are explored.
Theoretical Relationship between Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Air Permeability under Dry Conditions: Continuum Percolation Theory

The saturated hydraulic conductivity, K s , is a fundamental characteristic of subsurface flow and the hydrologic cycle. However, direct measurement of K s is time consuming. Recently, air permeability measurements at 50 and 100 cm of H 2 O tension, a relatively dry condition in coarse and medium-textured soils, have been used to estimate K s . In this short communication, we present a theoretical framework for relating K s to k a (ϕ), the air permeability as a function of porosity, ϕ, under completely dry conditions. We used power-law scaling from continuum percolation theory to develop a theoretical relationship between K s and k a (ϕ). Our result, similar in form to a published logarithmic equation with empirical coefficients, gives a physical interpretation to these empirical coefficients.
Selective adhesion of macrophages to denatured forms of type I collagen is mediated by scavenger receptors

Abstract Macrophages (Mφs) are multifunctional immune cells which are involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, as well as in tissue repair and remodeling. In tissues, Mφs reside in areas which are rich in extracellular matrix (ECM), the structural component which also plays an essential role in regulating a variety of cellular functions. A major ECM protein encountered by Mφs is type I collagen, the most abundant of the fibril-forming collagens. In this study, the adhesion of RAW 264.7 murine Mφs to native fibrillar, monomeric, and denatured type I collagen was investigated. Using atomic force microscopy, structural differences between fibrillar and monomeric type I collagen were clearly resolved. When cultured on fibrillar type I collagen, Mφs adhered poorly. In contrast, they adhered significantly to monomeric, heat-denatured, or collagenase-modified type I collagen. Studies utilizing anti-β1 and -β2 integrin adhesion-blocking antibodies, RGD-containing peptides, or divalent cation-free conditions did not inhibit Mφ adhesion to monomeric or denatured type I collagen. However, macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR) ligands and anti-MSR antibodies significantly blocked Mφ adhesion to denatured and monomeric type I collagen strongly suggesting the involvement of the MSR as an adhesion molecule for denatured type I collagen. Further analysis by Western blot identified the MSR as the primary receptor for denatured type I collagen among Mφ proteins purified from a heat-denatured type I collagen affinity column. These findings indicate that Mφs adhere selectively to denatured forms of type I collagen, but not the native fibrillar conformation, via their scavenger receptors.
Achievements in scalp reconstruction.

Purpose of review Reconstruction of scalp defects remains a challenge. This article reviews the reconstructive options and provides recommendations for scalp restoration based on current literature. Recent findings It is difficult to apply the standard reconstructive ladder to scalp defects due to the scalp's unique properties and paucity of adjacent tissue. Because of the frequency of large resections and the limited local tissue options microvascular free tissue transfer is a mainstay in scalp reconstruction and has been shown to be well tolerated and reliable with acceptable cosmetic and functional results. With advances in both surgery and anesthesia, increasing numbers of patients are candidates for free tissue transfer. The latissimus dorsi flap is a fundamental flap in scalp reconstruction. Recently, use of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has risen. The radial forearm (RFF) free flap is also an extremely reliable, thin flap with great pedicle length well suited for the restoration of scalp contouring. Summary Microvascular free tissue transfer provides well tolerated, reliable, functional and cosmetically pleasing scalp restoration in a single surgery. The latissimus dorsi flap, ALT flap and RFF are the three most utilized free tissue options.
Experience in the preparation of myosin.

Abstract A detailed procedure for the preparation of myosin in a purified state has been described.
Compression and Flexural Response of Carbon/Epoxy-Nanoclay Nanocomposites Subjected to UV Radiation and Condensation

Compressive and flexural properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRC) infused with montmorillonite nanoclay exposed to UV radiation and condensation was examined in this study. Nanoclay contents in samples used in this study were 0 (control), 1, 2 and 3 wt%. Samples were exposed to 15 days UV radiation and condensation using QUV/SE accelerated weathering system. Compressive properties were characterized using quasi-static and dynamic loadings before and after exposure. Flexural properties were also characterized through three point bending test according to ASTM standards. Compressive and flexural properties were monitored every 5 days of exposure in each conditioning. UV exposed samples with nanoclay showed a different trend after 5 days compared to neat samples, showing an increase in strength and modulus after 10 days of exposure. Samples exposed to condensation did not follow any specific pattern, although there was a decrease in mechanical properties in all samples.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Planar fabrication of arrays of ion-exfoliated single-crystal-diamond membranes with nitrogen-vacancy color centers

Abstract We demonstrate a planar ion-exfoliation/dry etching fabrication-process for high-optical-quality single-crystal-diamond membranes. The process allows patterning of an array of 200 nm-thick membranes with millimeter-to-micrometer dimensions and exfoliation of the thin films from a single-crystal diamond sample via a parallel fabrication process. The optical properties of the films are measured using transmission microscopy, Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy. The process yields a measured nitrogen-vacancy emission spectra having the zero-phonon line (ZPL) peak of negatively charged centers in an unshifted spectral position suggesting high quality crystalline material.
Feedback regulation of map kinase signal pathways

Ste7 is a MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase) family member that functions in the pheromone induced mating response pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We analysed the catalytic competence and in vivo function of Ste7 variants that have alterations of stimulatory and feedback phosphorylation sites. These analyses led us to unanticipated insights into two separate feedback mechanisms that impede the output of the mating response MAPK activation pathway.
The psychology of faculty demoralization in the liberal arts: Burnout, acedia, and the disintegration of idealism

Abstract Although studies exist of general career burnout, no attempts have been made to study the psychology of demoralized faculty in the liberal arts. This paper gives a detailed phenomenological description, on the one hand, of the intellectual and moral life-world of the classical liberal arts scholar, and, on the other, of the university work environment as such a scholar perceives it. Here, contact with students usually is the main context for his/her ∗ professional exertions. It is argued that the range of student intellectual, moral, and spiritual concerns is self-disabling, that is, results in a severe and pathological impairment in students of their aptitudes, abilities, and sensibilities. This impairment, called acedia after the Scholastics, takes the form of a fundamental incapacity to cultivate leisure of a specifically liberating form. Daily contact with acedia brings about the demoralization that many university liberal arts faculty today experience. The entrapment of the liberal arts professor, in what for him is a pathological work environment, leads to situational depression, which has a complex dynamic of its own, and is responsible for a distressing and profound conflict both with the professor's personal sense of identity and with his conception of his role in the world. This condition is secondary to long-term, inescapable exposure to the pathology of acedia . The resulting state of mind is a form of axiological demoralization , rather than maladaptive mental illness, for which the only solutions involve a dilemma of assured discontent. For such an individual, adjustment to the workplace, to the environment offered by today's universities, is equivalent to destruction of self. But from the point of view of a society blind to liberating values, it is natural to judge liberal arts demoralization to be a maladaptive mental illness, for which individual adjustment therapy is called for. As a consequence, the outlook for the classical liberal arts scholar is serious, painful, and with few open choices.
Rheology and morphology of starch/synthetic polymer blends

Corn starch and maleic anhydride functionalized synthetic polymers were melt blended in a Haake twin-screw extruder. The amount of starch in the blends was 60 and 70% by weight. The synthetic polymer used was either styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) or ethylene propylene maleic anhydride copolymer (EPMA). The blends did not exhibit normal thermoplastic behavior; and hence, rheological data was obtained by extrusion feeding the material through a slit die or cylindrical tube viscometer. The starch/SMA blends were extruded through a slit viscometer with a 45% half entry angle, while the starch/EPMA blends were extruded through a cylindrical tube viscometer with a half entry angle of 37.5°. For the blends, data could be obtained at low to moderate shear rates (10< γapp<200s−1). At higher shear rates, blends exhibited slip and/or degradation of starch. The viscosity of the blends exhibited shear-thinning properties. Regrinding and re-extruding through the viscometer a second time showed a significant reduction in shear viscosity for starch/SMA blends. Gel permeation chromatography data indicated that starch macromolecules degraded upon successive extrusion. Extensional viscosity, as estimated from entrance pressure drop method for starch/EPMA blends showed stretch thinning properties. Regrinding and re-extruding showed that the samples were more sensitive to changes in extensional viscosity as observed from the Trouton ratio versus extension rate plot. Optical microscopy showed the presence of starch granules after melt blending, the size of which was related to the torque (or stress) generated during extrusion. The higher the torque, the smaller the size of the starch granules. Successive extrusion runs reduced the number of unmelted granules.
Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with externally appended pyridine rings. 4. UV-visible spectral and electrochemical evidence of the remarkable electron-deficient properties of the new tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di{2-(N-methyl)pyridiniumyl}pyrazino]porphyrazinatometal octacations, [(2-Mepy)8TPyzPzM]8+ (M = MgII(H2O), CoII, CuII, ZnII).

Metal derivatives of the octacationic tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di{2-(N-methyl)pyridiniumyl}pyrazino]porphyrazine macrocycle [(2-Mepy)(8)TPyzPzH(2)](8+) (2-Mepy = 2-(N-methyl)pyridiniumyl ring) isolated as water-soluble hydrated iodide salts of the general formula [(2-Mepy)(8)TPyzPzM](I(8)).xH(2)O, (M = Mg(II)(H(2)O), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II); x = 2-5) were prepared from the corresponding neutral complexes [Py(8)TPyzPzM].xH(2)O previously reported. Reaction of these complexes with CH(3)I in N,N-dimethylformamide under mild conditions led to full quaternization of all eight pyridine N atoms and formation of the octacations [(2-Mepy)(8)TPyzPzM](8+). Clathrated water molecules could be eliminated from the species [(2-Mepy)(8)TPyzPzM](I(8)).xH(2)O by mild heating ( Co(I) process, but the site of electron transfer is reversed and the final product upon a further one-electron reduction is formulated as a Co(II) dianion as opposed to a Co(I) pi-anion radical. This sequence is similar to what was earlier reported for reduction of the same compound in pyridine. Reversible one-electron oxidations are also observed for the unmethylated species [Py(8)TPyzPzM].xH(2)O where M = Co(II) and Mn(II) in DMSO. Remarkably, the octacationic macrocycles [(2-Mepy)(8)TPyzPzM](I(8)).xH(2)O, (M = Mg(II)(H(2)O), Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II); x = 2-5) are more easily reduced at any step of the reduction than the corresponding unquaternized species with the same metal ion. This indicates a higher tendency to stepwise electron uptake after the quaternization process, which enhances the charge redistribution capability within the species formed by the electroreduction.
A nonlocal heat flow problem

Abstract We establish the conditions sufficient for existence, uniqueness, and monotonicity of solutions of the steady-state nonlocal heat flow problem, u″(x)=F x,u(x) (0⩽x⩽1), u(0)=u 0 , ∫ ξ 1 g x,u(x) dx=b, where ξ∈(0,1].
Screening for sickle trait among potential live kidney donors: policies and practices in US transplant centers.

Summary Sickle cell trait is common in the United States (US) and associated with abnormalities of renal function. Little is known, however, about the potential risk of sickle cell trait to live kidney donors. Using an original questionnaire, we assessed the policies and practices of US renal transplant centers with regard to screening for sickle trait among potential live kidney donors. Fifty-four percent (137/252) of centers responded. Eighty-three percent (113/137) of transplant centers had no policy to screen donors for sickle trait. Thirty-four percent (46/135) of centers reported actually screening donors for sickle trait in practice. Thirty-seven percent (39/105) of centers reported excluding donors with sickle trait always or most of the time. High volume centers (>100 live donor transplants/year) were more likely to screen for sickle trait (Fisher’s exact, P = 0.03), but not more likely to exclude potential donors with sickle trait from donating. Most US renal transplant centers do not screen donors for sickle trait. Wide variation is evident in center practice regarding exclusion of donors on the basis of sickle trait. Research into the potential impact of sickle trait on renal function after donation is needed to guide transplant clinicians.
Pliocene and Pleistocene sedimentation in south-central Colorado: Opportunity for climate studies

Abstract A well-dated Plio-Pleistocene stratigraphic sequence, ranging in age from 2.6 to 0.68 Ma, has been recovered from the Alamosa Formation in the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado. The sequence is dated by magnetostratigraphy tied into the Huckleberry Ridge (2.02 Ma) and Bishop ashes (0.74 Ma). Sediments, which were primarily deposited by meandering streams, exhibit intermittent modification by partial soil development. Aggradation was relatively continuous, with only minor variations in sediment accumulation rate. Samples of sediments deposited from 0.9 to 0.7 Ma are from surface outcrops. Classic paleontological techniques have been used to identify evidence of climatic cycles in these sediments. The climatic changes can be correlated with deep-sea core Oxygen Isotope Stages 22 through 18. Older sediments, obtained by coring, have been faunally analyzed for vertebrate fossils, ostracodes, and molluscs, florally analyzed through pollen, and geochemically analyzed through both inorganic and biogenic carbonate stable isotopes. The oldest sediments in the core may have been deposited during Oxygen Isotope Stage 110 (which occurs within the Gauss Chron, ∼2.6 Ma). Paleontological and isotopic evidence may eventually provide a long continental climatic record comparable to those from the deep-sea.
Positioning using local maps

It is often useful to know the positions of nodes in a network. However, in a large network it is impractical to build a single global map. In this paper, we present a new approach for distributed localization called Positioning using Local Maps (PLM). Given a path between a starting node and a remote node we wish to localize, the nodes along the path each compute a map of their local neighborhood. Adjacent nodes then align their maps, and the relative position of the remote node can then be determined in the coordinate system of the starting node. Nodes with known positions can easily be incorporated to determine absolute coordinates. We instantiate the PLM framework using the previously proposed MDS-MAP(P) algorithm to generate the local maps. Through simulation experiments, we compare the resulting algorithm, which we call MDS-MAP(D), with existing distributed methods and show improved performance on both uniform and irregular topologies.
Maternal anxiety and ultrasound markers for aneuploidy in a multiethnic population.

Objective Discussion of isolated ultrasound (US) markers for fetal aneuploidy can provoke significant patient anxiety. The objective of this study is to quantify maternal anxiety associated with the detection of these markers. Methods All patients undergoing routine second-trimester US examination for fetal anatomical survey over a one-year period were administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for Adults before and after the procedure. Women with isolated fetal markers for aneuploidy were notified of the findings but discouraged from pursuing amniocentesis. Rates of normal US examination, aneuploidy markers, anomalies, amniocentesis, and pregnancy outcomes were assessed across the ethnic groups. Pre- and post-ultrasound STAI surveys were scored and standardized with previously established norms. Student t-tests, Chi-square, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used where appropriate. Results Among the 798 patients tested, 57% were Hispanic, 30% were Asian, 6% were Black, and 7% were White. Maternal anxiety level was decreased in women after a normal US. The anxiety level increased with aneuploidy markers and was the highest with anomalies. Aneuploidy markers were more common among Hispanic and Asian fetuses, without any associated aneuploidy. Women with isolated aneuploidy markers underwent amniocentesis as often as women with advanced maternal age. Conclusion The detection and communication of isolated aneuploidy markers is associated with increased maternal anxiety and unnecessary amniocentesis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Michigan Supported Education Program.

With the advent of improved pharmacological treatments, empirically tested psychiatric rehabilitation techniques, and an increased emphasis on the empowerment of mental health consumers, many adults with psychiatric disabilities now have a realistic chance of reentering their communities and reestablishing meaningful and productive lives. Because work is a fundamental component of adjustment in adult life, helping individuals obtain and maintain jobs has been viewed as the sine qua non of psychiatric rehabilitation. More recently, however, rehabilitation practitioners have realized that many adults with psychiatric disabilities have the desire and the requisite motivation and educational background to attend college (1). Hence rehabilitation practitioners have recognized that helping individuals restart their postsecondary educational pursuits is a desirable, valid, and viable option (2,3). Supported education is being used increasingly to encourage adults with mental illness to enroll in and complete postsecondary education by providing assistance, preparation, and ongoing counseling (4). Several reports have suggested that supported education programs contribute to positive outcomes such as graduation, acquisition of marketable skills, employment, and positive self-esteem (5,6,7). In this month's column, Carol Mowbray, Ph.D., describes the Michigan Supported Education Program and provides a rationale and empirical validation for its inclusion as an integral modality of psychiatric rehabilitation.
Quality of bread made from ozonated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour.

BACKGROUND: Ozone gas could be used as a fumigant during grain and flour storage. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of exposure to ozone and the effects of blending ozone-treated flour with control flour on flour functionality and bread-making quality. RESULTS: Ozone treatment oxidized lipids, increased brightness and reduced the yellow hue of flour, and increased peak viscosity and setback viscosity of flour. Bread made from flour treated with ozone at 1500 mg kg−1 for 4.5 min and bread made from flour blended with 100 g kg−1 ozonated flour had good crust color and a whiter crumb and had more crumb cells, which resulted in a greater specific volume of the bread when compared with control flour. Flour functionality declined as ozone exposure increased beyond 9 min and as the concentration of ozonated flour increased beyond 200 g kg−1. CONCLUSION: Bread made from flour exposed to ozone for 4.5 min or flour that contained 100 g kg−1 fully ozonated flour had greater specific loaf volume and whiter crumb compared to bread made with control flour. Exposure of flour to ozone for longer times (9–45 min) and higher blends (200–1000 g kg−1) deteriorated quality of bread. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of physiological saline on synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid in mammalian cells.

Effect of Physiological Saline on Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Ribonucleic Acid in Mammalian Cells
Management and costs of severe psoriasis: the role of new biologics.

It is well accepted that psoriasis has a profound impact on the life of the patient. Moderate-to-severe psoriasis frequently requires phototherapy or aggressive systemic treatment; unfortunately these treatments have major limitations. New biologic treatments are now available that offer distinct safety advantages and possible efficacy advantages over traditional systemic treatments. These biologic drugs are also considerably more expensive than traditional treatments (up to ∼US$30,000 per patient per year). The treatment of psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases with biologics could place a significant burden on the healthcare delivery system. In addition to judicious use of biologics, it is the task of the dermatology community to encourage healthcare delivery systems to eliminate the impediments to safe, effective and lower cost treatments such as phototherapy. Appropriate patient selection for biologic therapies is paramount. The goal of therapy for patients with psoriasis is to alleviate suff...
Tamoxifen Aziridine, a Novel Affinity Probe for P-Glycoprotein in Multidrug-Resistant Cells

Abstract In this study for the first time we used an electrophilic analog of tamoxifen, [ 3 H]tamoxifen aziridine. and demonstrated that it covalently and specifically binds to P-glycoprotein in multidrug resistant cells. Tamoxifen and its metabolites, N-desmethyltamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen, were potent inhibitors of [ 3 H]tamoxifen aziridine binding to P-glycoprotein with 4-hydroxytamoxifen > tamoxifen > N-desmethyltamoxifen. The multidrug resistance-related drugs inhibited [ 3 H]tamoxifen aziridine binding with vinblastine > vincristine > doxorubicin > actinomycin D, while colchicine enhanced the binding. Moreover, the multidrug resistance modulators verapamil, nicardipine, diltiazem, prenylamine, cyclosporin A, FK506, dibucaine, reserpine, monensin and progesterone were all potent inhibitors of [ 3 H]tamoxifen aziridine binding to P-glycoprotein. Our data provide the first evidence that [ 3 H]tamoxifen aziridine directly binds to P-glycoprotein and interacts with the binding sites for multidrug resistance-related drugs and modulators.
Bibliographic Freedom and the Future Direction of Map Cataloging

Abstract With an increasing amount of cartographic data being created and released only as GIS datasets, map catalogers will eventually find themselves moving away from Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC) as their primary bibliographic description schema and moving towards the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). This move will be necessitated in large part by the needs of the cartographic user community, which is standardized on the FGDC format, and the realization that the FGDC provides a higher level of granularity than other metadata schemas when describing cartographic materials. At the same time, the library community's need for quality MARC records for use within legacy Integrated Library Systems (ILS) will not immediately disappear. This dual need will require map catalogers of the future to straddle two very different user communities and provide bibliographic descriptions in multiple metadata schemas. This paper will discuss the use of metadata crosswalks as one method of bridging this gap b...
Comparison of ultrasonic assisted digestion with traditional methods for alpha/beta analysis

An ever-increasing priority of many customers in the radiochemistry field is the turn-around time of sample analysis. While modern instrumentation provides acceptable detection limits with relatively short count times, the sample preparation step remains the time-consuming step in radiochemical analysis. We have developed fast sample preparation techniques for gross alpha/beta analysis based on ultrasonically assisted digestion as part of a mobile radiological analytical laboratory program in place at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).
Recognition of congestive heart failure due to senile cardiac amyloidosis

Abstract Senile cardiac amyloidosis has been considered an incidental finding at autopsy in the elderly and of little clinical importance. Autopsy studies have shown that a subset of this group have large deposits of amyloid in their ventricles. Many of these patients had congestive heart failure antemortem. Senile cardiac amyloidosis, however, is rarely diagnosed antemortem and is often confused with primary systemic amyloidosis involving the myocardium. Using endomyocardial biopsy with newly developed immunohistochemical techniques, we have been able to recognize senile cardiac amyloidosis premortem. We have found that these patients have a longer survival than patients with primary systemic amyloidosis. In addition, senile cardiac amyloidosis occurs at a younger age than autopsy studies suggest. Recognition is important because these patients should not be given treatment reserved for the therapy of primary cardiac amyloidosis. senile cardiac amyloidosis / two-dimensional echocardiography / endomyocardial biopsy .
Analysis of transfers from a medical-psychiatry inpatient unit to a medical-surgical unit within 48 hours of admission.

Background Clinical screening of patients being presented for admission to a medical-psychiatric unit (MPU) is important to ensure safe, timely, and effective treatment. Objective Authors determined demographic and clinical characteristics of patients accepted for admission to a private MPU and who required transfer to medical-surgical units within 48 hours of admission. Method Medical records of 1,583 consecutive admissions to the MPU were reviewed. The charts of patients transferred to a higher level of medical or surgical care within 48 hours were evaluated to categorize the reasons for transfers, and these were assessed for preventability. Results Thirty patients (1.9%) required transfer to a medical-surgical unit. Reasons for transfer included pulmonary, cardiovascular, endocrine, and neurological etiologies. Most transfers (66.6%) were not foreseeable because symptom-onset was after admission. Conclusion Inappropriate MPU admissions may have been avoided by more vigilant screening for pulmonary, cardiovascular, electrolyte, and infectious disorders.
Predictors of use of pain medications for persistent knee pain after primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: a cohort study using an institutional joint registry

Introduction To study the use of pain medications for persistent index knee pain and their predictors after primary Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA).
Thin, free-standing Cu 2 O substrates via thermal oxidation for photovoltaic devices

Cu 2 O is a promising, earth-abundant alternative to traditional photovoltaic materials (CIGS, CdTe, etc.) because of its low cost, high availability, and straightforward processing. We report a method to fabricate Cu 2 O substrates with thicknesses of less than 20 microns which may be handled and processed into devices. Development of thinner Cu 2 O substrates is essential as extrinsic doping has been impossible thus far, and intrinsic Cu 2 O is highly resistive. Hall measurements indicate that the substrates had Hall mobilities of 10–20 cm2V−1s−1 and carrier concentrations on the order of 1014 cm−3. Current-voltage characteristics of these Cu 2 O substrates were derived from liquid junction Schottky barrier device measurements which indicate open circuit voltages of Voc ∼ 600 mV.
Video identification using video tomography

Video identification or copy detection is a challenging problem and is becoming increasingly important with the growing popularity of online video services. The problem addressed in this paper is the identification of a given video clip in a given set of videos. For a given query video, the system returns all the instance of the video in the data set. This identification system uses video signatures based on video tomography. A robust and low complexity video signature is designed. The signatures are generated for video shots and not individual frames. This results in a compact signature of 64 bytes per video segment/ shot. The signatures are matched using simple Euclidean distance metric. Both signature generation and matching have a very low complexity. The system was evaluated using the dataset from video copy detection evaluations organized at the CIVR 2007. The results show that the proposed signatures outperform the results reported in the CIVR competition. The results also show that the signature is robust to common video transformations.
The early region of SV40 DNA may have more than one gene.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of 70 base pairs (bp) around 0.545 map units (Alu I C and B junction) of the genome from the single Eco RI cleavage site within SV40 DNA is presented. The mRNA transcribed from the early strand template from this stretch contains two copies fo the nonsense triplet UAA in each of the three reading frames. Thus at least 25% of the early region of SV40 DNA does not code for the SV40 "A" protein, and the viral contribution to events in the lytic cycle and transformation may be more complex than is generally appreciated.
Androgens, Progestins, and Glucocorticoids Induce Follicle-Stimulating Hormone β-Subunit Gene Expression at the Level of the Gonadotrope

FSH is produced by the pituitary gonadotrope to regulate gametogenesis. Steroid hormones, including androgens, progestins, and glucocorticoids, have all been shown to stimulate expression of the FSHβ subunit in primary pituitary cells and rodent models. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of steroid induction of FSHβ has been difficult due to the heterogeneity of the anterior pituitary. Immortalized LβT2 cells are a model of a mature gonadotrope cell and express the endogenous steroid receptor for each of the three hormones. Transient transfection of each receptor, along with ligand treatment, stimulates the mouse FSHβ promoter, but induction is severely diminished using receptors that lack the ability to bind DNA, indicating that induction is likely through direct DNA binding. All three steroid hormones act within the first 500 bp of the FSHβ promoter where six putative hormone response elements exist. The −381 site is critical for FSHβ induction by all three steroid hormones, whereas the −197 and −139 sites contribute to maximal induction. Interestingly, the −273 and −230 sites are also necessary for androgen and progestin induction of FSHβ, but not for glucocorticoid induction. Additionally, we find that all three receptors bind the endogenous FSHβ promoter, in vivo, and specifically bind the −381 site in vitro, suggesting that the binding of the receptors to this element is critical for the induction of FSHβ by these 3-keto steroid hormones. Our data indicate that androgens, glucocorticoids, and progestins act via their receptors to directly activate FSHβ gene expression in the pituitary gonadotrope.
Evaluation of Nursing Practice: Process and Critique

This article describes the difficulties in conducting clinical trials to evaluate nursing practice models. Suggestions are offered for strengthening the process. A clinical trial of a nursing practice model based on a synthesis of Aristotelian theory with Rogers' science is described. The rationale for decisions regarding the research procedures used in presented. Methodological limitations of the study design and the specifications of the practice model are examined. It is concluded that clear specification of theoretical relationships within a practice model and clear identification of key intervening variables will enable researchers to better connect the treatment with the outcome.
catena‐Poly[[bis(thiocyanato‐κN)cobalt(II)]‐μ‐di‐4‐pyridylamine‐κ2N:N′]

In the title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C10H9N3)], a CoII atom with tetra­hedral coordination is bound by two N-donor thio­cyanate anions and two N-donor atoms from two crystallographically distinct di-4-pyridylamine (dpa) ligands whose central NH units lie on twofold axes. The dpa ligands link the Co atoms into one-dimensional [Co(NCS)2(dpa)]n coordination polymer chains that propagate along the b-axis direction.
Gender-brand effect of search queries on sponsored search performance

In this research, we analyze the relationship among (1) the performance metrics of key phrases used in a sponsored search campaign, (2) the gender orientation of those key phrases, and (3) the occurrence of branded terms in those search queries. The aim of this research is increased personalization of search engine results in order to improve the consumer's online searching experience and potential interest in ads with branding focus. We segregate the key phrases into six different categories combining gender orientation with branding focus of the key phrases from a rich dataset that consists of 7 million daily records of a real time sponsored search campaign. The result of ANOVA shows that the means of sponsored search metrics significantly vary among the categories and exhibits the female's preference over branded terms.
A New CMOS Multilayer Electromagnetic Band-Gap Microstrip Line and Experimental Investigation of UWB Pulse Propagation

We report on the development of a new microstrip line and Its experimental results on ultra-wideband pulse propagation. The transmission line employs electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures and is implemented in the multilayer metal stack of a 0.25-mum CMOS process. The inductance and capacitance per unit length of the new microstrip line can be independently adjusted to achieve various slow-wave factors for different characteristic impedances by properly selecting the dimensions of the EBG cells, their respective locations, and the CMOS metal layers. Experimental time-domain investigation of the pulse propagation reveals an interesting phenomenon of pulse compression. This unique property of the new CMOS multilayer EBG microstrip line can be exploited to help generate pico-second pulse as well as to compensate for the loss and dispersion of transmission lines, hence effectively retaining or enhancing the pulse propagation characteristics in UWB impulse circuits.
Styles of reasoning: A pluralist view

Abstract Styles of reasoning are important devices to understand scientific practice. As I use the concept, a style of reasoning is a pattern of inferential relations that are used to select, interpret, and support evidence for scientific results. In this paper, I defend the view that there is a plurality of styles of reasoning: different domains of science often invoke different styles. I argue that this plurality is an important source of disunity in scientific practice, and it provides additional arguments in support of the disunity claim. I also contrast Ian Hacking’s broad characterization of styles of reasoning with a narrow understanding that I favor. Drawing on examples from molecular biology, chemistry and mathematics, I argue that differences in style of reasoning lead to differences in the way the relevant results are obtained and interpreted. The result is a pluralist view about styles of reasoning that is sensitive to nuances of inferential relations in scientific activity.
Scalable multi-pipeline architecture for high performance multi-pattern string matching

Multi-pattern string matching remains a major performance bottleneck in network intrusion detection and anti-virus systems for high-speed deep packet inspection (DPI). Although Aho-Corasick deterministic finite automaton (AC-DFA) based solutions produce deterministic throughput and are widely used in today's DPI systems such as Snort [1] and ClamAV [2], the high memory requirement of AC-DFA (due to the large number of state transitions in AC-DFA) inhibits efficient hardware implementation to achieve high performance. Some recent work [3], [4] has shown that the AC-DFA can be reduced to a character trie that contains only the forward transitions by incorporating pipelined processing. But they have limitations in either handling long patterns or extensions to support multi-character input per clock cycle to achieve high throughput. This paper generalizes the problem and proves formally that a linear pipeline with H stages can remove all cross transitions to the top H levels of a AC-DFA. A novel and scalable pipeline architecture for memory-efficient multi-pattern string matching is then presented. The architecture can be easily extended to support multi-character input per clock cycle by mapping a compressed AC-DFA [5] onto multiple pipelines. Simulation using Snort and ClamAV pattern sets shows that a 8-stage pipeline can remove more than 99% of the transitions in the original AC-DFA. The implementation on a state-of-the-art field programmable gate array (FPGA) shows that our architecture can store on a single FPGA device the full set of string patterns from the latest Snort rule set. Our FPGA implementation sustains 10+ Gbps throughput, while consuming a small amount of on-chip logic resources. Also desirable scalability is achieved: the increase in resource requirement of our solution is sub-linear with the throughput improvement.