cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fundamental design and learning concepts in robust recurrent neural networks

The value of bottom-up and robust neural network designs is demonstrated, as well as the performance superiority of recurrent neural structures over feedforward neural architectures. Along these lines, two neural structures are considered, one feedforward and one recurrent, whose objective is binary hypothesis testing. The first, FFS1, is a tandem feedforward structure, whereas the second, FFS2, is recurrent and involves cumulative forward feedback. Both parametric and robust designs for the two structures are considered and analyzed in terms of induced false alarm and power probabilities, and the inferiority of the FFS1 is rigorously proven in terms of the rate with which the induced power probability increases with the number of the neural elements. Asymptotic results are presented, as well as numerical results, with emphasis on the Gaussian and location parameter nominal hypotheses model, that exhibit the superiority of the robust designs clearly. Learning algorithms for the parameters involved in the robust network designs are also discussed. >
Surveillance of medication use: early identification of poor adherence

Background We sought to measure population-level adherence to antihyperlipidemics, antihypertensives, and oral hypoglycemics, and to develop a model for early identification of subjects at high risk of long-term poor adherence. Methods Prescription-filling data for 2 million subjects derived from a payor’s insurance claims were used to evaluate adherence to three chronic drugs over 1 year. We relied on patterns of prescription fills, including the length of gaps in medication possession, to measure adherence among subjects and to build models for predicting poor long-term adherence. Results All prescription fills for a specific drug were sequenced chronologically into drug eras. 61.3% to 66.5% of the prescription patterns contained medication gaps >30 days during the first year of drug use. These interrupted drug eras include long-term discontinuations, where the subject never again filled a prescription for any drug in that category in the dataset, which represent 23.7% to 29.1% of all drug eras. Among the prescriptionfilling patterns without large medication gaps, 0.8% to 1.3% exhibited long-term poor adherence. Our models identified these subjects as early as 60 days after the first prescription fill, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81. Model performance improved as the predictions were made at later time-points, with AUC values increasing to 0.93 at the 120-day time-point. Conclusions Dispensed medication histories (widely available in real time) are useful for alerting providers about poorly adherent patients and those who will be non-adherent several months later. Efforts to use these data in point of care and decision support facilitating patient are warranted.
Phosphorylated HSP27 essential for acetylcholine-induced association of RhoA with PKCα

Reorganization of the cytoskeleton and association of contractile proteins are important steps in modulating smooth muscle contraction. Heat shock protein (HSP) 27 has significant effects on actin ...
Selenium deficiency and endemic heart failure in China: a case study of biogeochemistry for human health.

In 1937, a terrible disease of heart failure was reported in some rural areas in Heilongjiang, a far northeastern province of China. Women and children were its primary victims. The disease frequently occurred without warning and led to the death of a large number of people. The major symptom of the disease was myocardial necrosis, which led to acute hypoxia, vomiting, and finally death in several hours. Preliminary investigations were conducted in the late 1930s and 1940s but biotic infecting agents could not be identified. The peculiar disease was then named after the county, Keshan, where the first cases of death from the disease were reported. Since then, Keshan disease was found in another 12 provinces across China between the 1940s–60s. About eight million people lived in the affected areas in the country during that period of time, and thousands of people died of Keshan disease every year. The disease was so severe that a special government office was established to coordinate the nationwide efforts against the disease in the 1950s. In the 1950s and 60s, large-scale epidemiological investigations were launched in the provinces affected by Keshan disease, including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Tibet. A variety of biotic or abiotic factors, such as indoor carbon monoxides, nitrite in drinking water, parasites, fungi or bacteria in the local diet, etc., were considered during the investigations. The campaigns did not prove any of the factors related to the incidence of Keshan disease with convincing evidence. However, the nationwide investigations demonstrated that Keshan disease occurred within a geographic belt stretching from the northeast to the southwest of China. In some places, the affected and unaffected areas had clear boundaries. It was not uncommon to see two adjacent villages differing in disease status substantially and constantly for decades. Through the field investigations, the possibility that Keshan disease was an infectious one was excluded. The striking spatial distribution of Keshan disease implied that there could be some geographic or geological factors causing the disease. In fact, the local villagers whose families had lived in the affected areas for generations insisted that the disease was caused by the local ‘‘soil and water.’’ A number of medical researchers started looking in a new direction, the geochemical environment. In 1966, Dr. Haijiang Cai, one of the pioneer medical researchers studying Keshan disease in China, declared ‘‘We must team up with the geologists who are interested in the medical issues.’’
Neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean delivery in a parturient with type 1 von Willebrand disease and scoliosis

We present the case of a parturient with von Willebrand disease and scoliosis who required cesarean delivery. Neuraxial anesthesia was used for the patient. The indications for neuraxial anesthesia with regard to type 1 von Willebrand disease are reviewed.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment

This article discusses the current knowledge on the most promising cerebrospinal fluid diagnostic biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer’s disease. The considered biomarkers include total and phosphorylated Tau proteins, 40- and 42-residue forms of amyloid β and isoprostanes. Both the biological rationales and validation histories for each of the cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers are briefly presented and clinical results from relevant studies in the field are discussed. Comments on issues related to the cerebrospinal fluid clearance kinetics and how this may affect detection of the biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid are also presented. The concept of mild cognitive impairment and current views on this potential stage of the transition from normal aging to Alzheimer’s disease and to other dementias are also discussed. Future perspectives, including limitations in identifying reliable, sensitive and specific mild cognitive impairment/Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, are presented.
Analysis of frequency selective surfaces using two-parameter generalized rational Krylov model-order reduction

Generalized rational Krylov model-order reduction techniques are applied to the spectral Galerkin system describing frequency selective surfaces, resulting in surface reflection coefficient models that depend on both the frequency and the incident angle of the exciting wave. The procedure is composed of three steps: construction of the spectral Galerkin system, linearization of that system, and reduction of the linearized system. The linearization of the spectral Galerkin matrix is carried out using two-dimensional (2-D) polynomial interpolation and the generation of a "two-parameter" companion form of the polynomial system. The subsequent model-order reduction is based on the concept of generalized Krylov subspaces, which are defined in the text. It results in a small system with a frequency and incident angle dependent output that matches the two-parameter polynomial interpolant system transfer function and its derivatives at many points in the frequency/incident angle plane. The technique is applied to the characterization of several frequency selective surfaces, and numerical results that demonstrate the accuracy of the techniques over a broad band of frequencies and range of incident angles are presented.
Measuring Cortical Thickness Using An Image Domain Local Surface Model And Topology Preserving Segmentation

We present a measure of gray matter (GM) thickness based on local surface models in the image domain. Thickness is measured by integrating GM probability maps along the white matter (WM) surface normal direction. The method is simple to implement and allows statistical tests to be performed in the gray matter volume. A novel topology preserving segmentation method is introduced that is able to accurately recover GM in deep sulci. We apply this methodology to a longitudinal study of gray matter atrophy in a patient cohort diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) spectrum disorders. Following image-based normalization of GM thickness maps, results show significant reduction in cortical thickness in several Brodmann areas spanning temporal, parietal and frontal lobes across subjects.
Pressure dependence of tunneling of isotopic impurities in solid parahydrogen

Abstract Pulsed NMR measurements have been performed at low temperatures on solid hydrogen mixtures containing 1.1%HD and 0.5% ortho-H 2 impurities for pressures between 0.1 and 136 bar. The pressure dependence of the transverse spin relaxation time T 2 is analyzed in terms of a model in which the HD particles move through the parahydrogen lattice by quantum tunneling. The Gruneisen constant for the tunneling frequency τ −1 c , Γ τ c =∂ln τ c ∂ lnV , is found to be −31±3, using the theory of Kubo and Tomita to estimate τ c from T 2 .
Lack of NF-κB1 (p105/p50) attenuates unloading-induced downregulation of PPARα and PPARα-regulated gene expression in rodent heart

Objective : Unloading of the rodent heart activates the fetal gene program, decreases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARα-regulated gene expression (MCAD), and induces cardiomyocyte atrophy. NF-κB regulates the fetal gene program and PPARα-regulated gene expression during cardiac hypertrophy and induces atrophy in skeletal muscle. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that NF-κB is the regulator for activation of the fetal gene program, for downregulation of PPARα and PPARα-regulated gene expression, and for cardiomyocyte atrophy in the heart subjected to mechanical unloading. Methods : Activation of the inhibitory κ B kinase β (IKKβ)/NF-κB pathways were measured in the heterotopically transplanted rat heart using Western blotting of total and phospho-IKKβ and using transcription factor ELISA's for the five members of the NF-κB family (p65 (Rel A), p105/p50, c-Rel, RelB, and p100/p52). In loss of function experiments, we transplanted hearts of p105/p50 knockout mice into wildtype mice and compared changes in gene expression and cardiomyocyte size with wildtype hearts transplanted into wildtype mice. Results : Total and phospho-IKKβ levels significantly increased in the transplanted heart seven days after surgery. The activation of IKKβ was paralleled by increased DNA binding activity of p65 and p105/p50. Mechanical unloading induced myosin heavy chain β expression and decreased cardiomyocyte size in hearts of both wildtype and p105/p050 knockout animals. In contrast, the downregulation of PPARα and MCAD was significantly attenuated or prevented in the hearts of p105/p50 knockout mice. Conclusions : The IKKβ/p65/p50 pathway is activated in the unloaded rodent heart and a likely regulator for the downregulation of PPARα and PPARα-regulated gene expression.
An Architecture for Fast and General Data Processing on Large Clusters

Today, a myriad data sources, from the Internet to business operations to scientific instruments, produce large and valuable data streams. However, the processing capabilities of single machines have not kept up with the size of data. As a result, organizations increasingly need to scale out these computations to clusters of hundreds of machines. At the same time, the speed and sophistication required of data processing have grown. In addition to simple queries, complex algorithms like machine learning and graph analysis are becoming common. And in addition to batch processing, streaming analysis of real-time data is required to let organizations take timely action. Future computing platforms will need to not only scale out traditional workloads, but support these new applications too. This book, a revised version of the 2014 ACM Dissertation Award winning dissertation, proposes an architecture for cluster computing systems that can tackle emerging data processing workloads at scale. Whereas early cluster computing systems, like MapReduce, handled batch processing, our architecture also enables streaming and interactive queries, while keeping MapReduce's scalability and fault tolerance. And whereas most deployed systems only support simple one-pass computations (e.g., SQL queries), ours also extends to the multi-pass algorithms required for complex analytics like machine learning. Finally, unlike the specialized systems proposed for some of these workloads, our architecture allows these computations to be combined, enabling rich new applications that intermix, for example, streaming and batch processing. We achieve these results through a simple extension to MapReduce that adds primitives for data sharing, called Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs). We show that this is enough to capture a wide range of workloads. We implement RDDs in the open source Spark system, which we evaluate using synthetic and real workloads. Spark matches or exceeds the performance of specialized systems in many domains, while offering stronger fault tolerance properties and allowing these workloads to be combined. Finally, we examine the generality of RDDs from both a theoretical modeling perspective and a systems perspective. This version of the dissertation makes corrections throughout the text and adds a new section on the evolution of Apache Spark in industry since 2014. In addition, editing, formatting, drawing of illustrations, and links for the references have been added.
Cost-benefit analysis and equitable cost allocation for a residential rainwater harvesting system in the city of Austin, Texas

AbstractThis study addresses the applicability and financial feasibility of residential rainwater harvesting systems in the city of Austin, Texas. A cost-benefit analysis is used to estimate the financial return for individual households with rainwater harvesting systems. In addition, a subsidy value that could be provided by the delay of a wastewater treatment plant expansion project is investigated. The findings suggest that a residential rainwater harvesting system would not be feasible without a sufficient subsidy. The estimated subsidy is also not enough to make the cost of the harvesting system effective; however, its multi-purpose benefits are not quantified.
Control and Appeal in NAFTA Chapter Eleven Arbitration

These remarks discuss the problems of control and appeal in Chapter 11 arbitration. Systems of control are designed to ensure that dispute resolution works properly. Without an effective system of control, the powers of the decision makers become absolute, and this may discourage resort to the dispute resolution process. Systems of appeal, by contrast, are concerned not just with maintaining the conditions necessary for dispute resolution to operate but also with obtaining the correct results in individual cases.
Advertising, Resource Allocation, and Employment:

ADVERTISING is firmly established as a I method of stimulating the sale of goods in the American economy. During the present decade, expenditures on advertising have grown very rapidly. In I949 over five billion dollars were spent by industry for advertisements in newspapers, on the radio, in direct mail, in magazines, in business papers, on outdoor billboards, in farm papers, and in miscellaneous ways. Yet this figure does not include all selling costs, because the money spent on sales promotion and personal selling ordinarily is not considered advertising expenses.
Urban Is Floating Face Down in the Mainstream: Using Hip-Hop-Based Education Research to Resurrect “the Urban” in Urban Education

Throughout this article, I argue that within the mainstream field of urban education, “the urban” is floating face down, lifeless, and devoid of significant meaning. “City” and “urban” function as taken-for-granted variables that stand in the rightful place of rich explanations, based in theory and evidence, of the city and its intersection with cultural transformations, pedagogies, movements, and knowledge(s) that comprise educational processes. To resurrect the urban concept, I present an overview of urban perspectives in two categories: old school (passive spatial theories) and new school (instrumental spatial theories). I highlight four recent urban education publications that reflect an emerging scholarly cypher on what I refer to as the urban education question. I then outline four spatial dimensions of hip hop and use these as a springboard for arguing that hip-hop pedagogues are uniquely positioned to be resurrectors of the urban concept. I conclude by exploring what such a theoretical pivot entails.
Reaction Sintering of Molybdenum Disilicide Based Composites

Pressureless reaction sintering was investigated as a fabrication method for composites composed of a MoSi2 based matrix with up to 20 vol% SiC reinforcement. Up to 10 vol% of a number of reactants including Mo+2Si, CrSi2, and Cr+2Si were utilized. In nearly all cases the reactants greatly enhanced pure matrix densification at temperatures as low as 1400°C. The composites containing SiC reinforcement did not densify nearly as well. For some reactants it appears that an adverse reaction occurred between the SiC and the additives resulting in swelling.
Low Phosphate Diet Upregulates the Renal and Intestinal Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Transporter in Vitamin D-Resistant Hypophosphatemic Mice

Renal and jejunal absorption of inorganic phosphate (P(i)) increases with dietary P(i) restriction in the rat. The defect in Na(+)-dependent phosphate transporter has been localized to the kidney of the Hyp mice; however, the adaptation to low-P(i) diet in both kidney and jejunum of the Hyp mice has not been well characterized. Therefore, the current studies were designed to characterize the adaptation of renal and jejunal Na(+)-dependent phosphate transport in the Hyp mice and compare it with normal mice. Low-P(i) diet significantly increased the slope of the initial rate of renal brush border membrane (BBM) phosphate uptake compared with corresponding values in mice raised on control-P(i) diet (0.035 vs 0.017) (P < 0.01). Kinetics of renal Na(+)-dependent phosphate uptake in Hyp mice showed a Vmax of 1.00 +/- 0.01 and 0.46 +/- 0.02 nmoles/mg protein/15 sec in low- and control-P(i) diets, respectively (P < 0.01), whereas, Km values were 0.07 +/- 0.04 and 0.02 +/- 0.01, respectively. Similar kinetic analysis in renal BBM of normal mice showed a Vmax of 2.4 +/- 0.17 and 1.18 +/- 0.09 (P < 0.01) and Km of 0.07 +/- 0.03 and 0.08 +/- 0.03 on low and control P(i) diets, respectively. Similarly, low-P(i) diet significantly increased the slope of the initial rate of intestinal phosphate uptake (0.013 and 0.007) (P < 0.01). Kinetics of jejunal Na(+)-dependent phosphate uptake in Hyp mice showed a Vmax of 0.36 +/- 0.01 and 0.2 +/- 0.02 nmoles/mg protein/15 sec, (P < 0.01) and Km of 0.13 +/- 0.06 and 0.06 +/- 0.01 mM in low- and in control-P(i) diet, respectively. Kinetic analysis in jejunal BBM of normal mice showed a Vmax of 0.47 +/- 0.04 and 0.18 +/- 0.01 nmoles/mg protein/15 sec (P < 0.01) and Km of 0.16 +/- 0.04 and 0.11 +/- 0.01 in low- and control-P(i) diets, respectively. The data indicates that low-phosphate diet upregulates the Vmax of the renal and jejunal Na(+)-dependent phosphate cotransporter in the hypophosphatemic mice.
Autotaxin and lipid signaling pathways as anticancer targets

Tumor progression and metastasis depend on signals in the tumor microenvironment acting on both the malignant cells and benign stroma to create an environment favorable to tumor expansion. A factor of emerging importance that acts in the tumor microenvironment is lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a small signaling molecule that not only induces the transformation of benign cells into malignant invasive tumors, but also increases tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. This review examines the LPA signaling pathway, its role in selected human malignancies, and the current state of development of inhibitors targeting molecules in this pathway.
Status and imaging performance of Lowell Observatory's Discovery Channel Telescope in its first year of full science operations

Lowell Observatory's Discovery Channel Telescope (DCT) is a 4.3-m telescope designed and constructed for optical and near infrared astronomical observation. The DCT is equipped with a cube capable of carrying five instruments along with the wave front sensing and guider systems at the f/6.1 RC focus. The facility formally finished commissioning at the end of 2014. In 2015 the DCT ran in full science operations mode. This report recaps recent progress on the operations and instrument fronts, and then concentrates on the delivered image quality as measured with science imaging data. The system is delivering image quality at or better than the system top level requirements for open loop operations. Corrected to the zenith, the median seeing in the science images from 2015 was 0."93; first quartile seeing was 0.0074. The open loop site contribution to the seeing is roughly 0."40, which is better than the requirements of < 0."47. The FWHM degrades with wind speed at the rate of roughly 0."10/(m/s), and the seeing degrades more with wind speed when the wind is from the East.
Risk Analysis in the 21st Century: Adapting to New Challenges and Opportunities

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses an article in the journal which deals with the expansion of chemical and environmental health risk assessments in the 21st century, big data, and the use of models to simulate multi-exposure environments.
Results of a Hepatitis C Virus Screening Program of the 1945-1965 Birth Cohort in a Large Emergency Department in New Jersey.

Background Persons born between 1945 and 1965 account for an estimated 81% of those infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States. However, up to 60% remain undiagnosed. Prior studies have reported HCV screening results from large urban emergency departments. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients in the 1945-1965 birth cohort tested for HCV in a large emergency department (ED) in New Jersey from June 1, 2016, through December 31, 2016. The purpose was to report HCV antibody and viral load results of this testing program located in a small urban/suburban area and to analyze specific characteristics associated with positive results, such as race/ethnicity and insurance status. Descriptive statistics were performed, and, using a multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results A total of 3046 patients were screened: 55.8% were white, and 17.9% were black; 52.1% had private insurance, 33.4% Medicare, 3.9% Medicaid. One hundred ninety-two were antibody positive (6.3%). Of 167 with HCV viral load testing results, 43% had a positive viral load. On multivariate analysis, black race and Medicaid were independently associated with a positive HCV viral load. Conclusions HCV antibody seropositivity was above 6% and twice as high as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated prevalence in this birth cohort. These results indicate that EDs outside of large urban cities are also important sites for routine HCV screening. Other findings of interest include 43% with chronic HCV infection and the persistent association between black race and positive HCV viral load even when adjusted for insurance status.
Ten Years into the California 5 a Day Campaign

Abstract Achieving healthy eating to reduce the nation's high rates of diet-related chronic diseases will require cooperation among thousands of organizations over many years. The 5 a Day-for Better Health! Campaign was established in 1988 by the California Department of Health Services as a public/private partnership to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among the state's 20+ million adults. Targeted state campaigns have been extended to 9-11 year old children, Spanish-speaking adults, and lower income families. Dietary trends and intermediate determinants have been monitored by the computer-assisted-telephone-interview California Dietary Practices Survey biennially since 1989. New data from 1997 includes oversamples of lower income, Latino, and African American adults, parents, and Food Stamp users. Trends, including factors that have consistently correlated with consumption and shifts in fruit and vegetable intake by demographic subgroups will be compared to national surveys. The California Department of Health Services will utilize the research findings to renew partner participation in the mature state campaign and discuss implications for the National 5 A Day. Application of findings will also have important implications for nutrition promotion strategies to improve healthy eating and physical activity practices in all target populations.
The Use of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis in Prenatal Diagnosis

Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) identifies microdeletions and duplications undetected on karyotype analysis. Copy number variants (CNVs) occur in 1% to 1.7% of all pregnancies, with clinical implications. All women undergoing invasive testing for routine indications should be offered microarray. Clinically significant CNVs are seen in approximately 6% of pregnancies with ultrasound anomalies, making CMAs the current standard of cytogenomic analysis. Clinicians should be familiar with different technologies and laboratory reporting practices. Pretest counseling is imperative and, when CMA results are abnormal, posttest counseling should be in-depth and conducted by a genetic counselor or clinical geneticist.
Sourcing knowledge in open source software projects: The impacts of internal and external social capital on project success

Abstract Open source software (OSS) development has become an essential element of IT strategy: many firms seek OSS as a strategic means of unlocking the business value in external developer communities and internal knowledge sources. However, integrating external and internal sources of social capital is challenging and identifying appropriate integration strategies is crucial for the success of such endeavors. This study examines the simultaneous effects of external and internal sources of social capital, in the form of participant and project differences, and examines how they interact to influence OSS project success. We propose a taxonomy of participant differences (language, role, and contribution) and project differences (development environment and connectedness) and postulate their main and moderating effects on project success. Using a four-year panel data set of 329 SourceForge projects, we show that development environment difference has a curvilinear relationship with success and that connectedness reduces the positive impact of role and contribution diversity on project success. We also show that when development environment difference is moderate, the impact of role diversity is the most positive. We present the implications of these findings for theory and practice.
The Quasi-Parent Conundrum

Although family law is very much concerned with legal parentage and its attendant rights, children are much more concerned with maintaining relationships with those who care for them, regardless of whether that person is a legal parent or merely someone functioning as one. What happens though if the child’s legal parent attempts to banish the quasi-parent from the child’s life? Doing so can be extremely damaging to the child. Nonetheless, parents do possess a constitutional right to make decisions about how to rear their children, including who may have access to the child. Trying to strike a balance between protecting the child yet also safeguarding the parent’s right is a daunting task. The Supreme Court has provided little guidance on this issue having issued only one opinion on the subject, Troxel v. Granville, and even it only obliquely deals with the subject of quasi-parenthood. Still, the states have relied on Troxel to craft a number of different approaches to the challenging question of quasi-parenthood. As Troxel nears its twentieth anniversary, however, a problem has emerged. Specifically, in implementing Troxel, the states have by and large treated the traditional nuclear family model as normative. This approach is problematic for two reasons. First, since Troxel was decided, the nuclear family has changed drastically. From the legalization of same-sex marriage, to the increase in divorce, cohabitation, and remarriage, fewer and fewer children are finding themselves raised by their two legal parents. Second, for a significant portion of the American population, including racial and ethnic minorities, the nuclear family model has never represented the way in which they typically structure their families, with children often being reared by members of the extended family. Thus, by premising the law of quasi-parenthood on the outdated and unrealistic nuclear family model, more and more children are unable to avail themselves to the protections the law of quasi-parenthood was intended to provide. This Article traces the history of quasi-parenthood, analyzing how the law has evolved into a current practice that is, much to the harm of American children, both short-sighted and under inclusive. The Article concludes with concrete suggestions for change—changes that will promote a legal standard that is less discriminatory and more reflective of the contemporary American family.
Titanium-Catalyzed Hydroamination and Multicomponent Coupling with a Simple Silica-Supported Catalyst

Hydroamination and multicomponent coupling reactions catalyzed by homogeneous Ti(IV) complexes can produce valuable imines, amines, and other nitrogen-containing organic building blocks. Typically catalysts for this transformation are very sensitive to ancillary ligand design and often suffer from catalyst deactivation, necessitating use in a single reaction. Here, we have attempted to address these issues by moving toward a solid-supported Ti catalyst active for these reaction types. We present initial results to synthesize and probe the catalytic reactivity of silica-supported titanium amide precatalysts. With minimal treatment of commercially available fumed silica, Ti(NMe2)2/SiO2200 can be isolated upon addition of Ti(NMe2)4. This species gives high yields and high regioselectivity for hydroamination of a variety of alkynes with anilines. The solid-supported species is also an active catalyst for the formation of tautomers of unsymmetrical 1,3-diimines via three-component coupling of bulky anilines, a...
Abortion Knowledge and Attitudes Among Psychologists and Graduate Students

Abortion is often misunderstood and steeped in misinformation. Laypeople and medical professionals tend to have limited abortion knowledge. Among the public, individuals who hold accurate informati...
Stereotactic Radiosurgery Versus Whole Brain Radiation Therapy: A Propensity Score Analysis and Predictors of Care for Patients With Brain Metastases From Breast Cancer

Abstract Background Metastases to the brain occur in 10%-16% of patients with breast cancer, with incidence reportedly increasing. Historically, brain metastases (BM) have been treated with whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), but stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an increasingly favored treatment option. In this study we used a population-level database to compare patterns of care and survival between WBRT and SRS for BM from breast cancer. Materials and Methods The National Cancer Database was used to select patients treated with radiation for BM from primary breast cancer. Groups were classified on the basis of the modality of radiation delivered to the brain and compared across several demographic factors. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve and Cox multivariate analysis were used to compare overall survival. A matched analysis using propensity scores was used to further reduce confounders and compare survival. Results The treatment groups were significantly different across several socioeconomic variables including income, insurance status, and treatment setting. The percentage of patients who received SRS increased dramatically in the second half of the analyzed time period (P Conclusion Receipt of SRS was associated with different socioeconomic variables and longer overall survival compared with WBRT, highlighting the need for less toxic treatment for patients who are now living longer. The results revealed important socioeconomic differences between patients selected for SRS versus WBRT and emphasizes disparities in access to modern radiation techniques across the United States.
Ritual Systems, Ritualized Bodies, and the Laws of Liturgical Development:

The “laws” of comparative liturgical development (Baumstark, Taft) are derived from pre-modern liturgical texts and the findings of early biology and linguistics. Yet Christian liturgy is not an or...
Quantum Chess: Developing a Mathematical Framework and Design Methodology for Creating Quantum Games.

Quantum phenomena have remained largely inaccessible to the general public. This can be attributed to the fact that we do not experience quantum mechanics on a tangible level in our daily lives. Games can provide an environment in which people can experience the strange behavior of the quantum world in a fun and mentally engaging way. Games could also offer an interesting test bed for near term quantum devices because they can be tailored to support varying amounts of quantum behavior through simple rule changes, which can be useful when dealing with limited resources. This paper explores the design of a variant of Chess which is built on top of unitary dynamics and includes non-trivial quantum effects such as superposition, entanglement, and interference. A movement ruleset is introduced which allows players to create superposition, entanglement, and interference effects. A measurement rule is also introduced which helps limit the size of the superposition, so the game remains tractable for a classical computer, and also helps make the game more comprehensible for a player.
Langerhans cells as outposts of the dendritic cell system.

The T cell function associated dendritic cell (DC) system consists of various members located in different organs and differing in phenotypic expression, possibly on the basis of different states of “maturation” or as a direct result of microenvironmental influences. These DC, whether located in lymphoid or non-lymphoid tissues, are present only as a very minor cell population. In human blood, less than 0. 1% of the white blood cells are DC. 1 In the epidermis, Langerhans cells (LC) represent 3 to 5% of the total population. 2 In spleen cell suspensions, the DC are about 1–1. 6% of the cells. 3
Characterizing Performance Regression Introducing Code Changes

Performance regression testing is highly expensive as it delays system development when optimally conducted after each code change. As a result, performance regression testing should be devoted to code changes highly probably encountering regression. In this context, recent studies focus on the early identification of potentially problematic code changes through characterizing them using static and dynamic metrics. The aim of my research thesis is to support performance regression by better identifying and characterizing performance regression introducing code changes. Our first contribution has tackled the detection of these changes as an optimization problem. Our proposed approach used a combination of static and dynamic metrics and built using evolutionary computation, a detection rule, which was shown to outperform recent state-of-the-art studies. To extend our research, we are planning to increase metrics used, to better profile problematic code changes. We also plan on reducing the identification cost by searching for a traedeoff that reduces the use of dynamic metrics, while maintaining the detection performance. In addition, we would like to prioritize test case based on code changes characteristics to be conducted when regression predicted.
BISR-RNAseq: an efficient and scalable RNAseq analysis workflow with interactive report generation.

RNA sequencing has become an increasingly affordable way to profile gene expression patterns. Here we introduce a workflow implementing several open-source softwares that can be run on a high performance computing environment. Developed as a tool by the Bioinformatics Shared Resource Group (BISR) at the Ohio State University, we have applied the pipeline to a few publicly available RNAseq datasets downloaded from GEO in order to demonstrate the feasibility of this workflow. Source code is available here: workflow: https://code.bmi.osumc.edu/gadepalli.3/BISR-RNAseq-ICIBM2019 and shiny: https://code.bmi.osumc.edu/gadepalli.3/BISR_RNASeq_ICIBM19. Example dataset is demonstrated here: https://dataportal.bmi.osumc.edu/RNA_Seq/. The workflow allows for the analysis (alignment, QC, gene-wise counts generation) of raw RNAseq data and seamless integration of quality analysis and differential expression results into a configurable R shiny web application.
A Cardiology Handbook App to Improve Medical Education for Internal Medicine Residents: Development and Usability Study.

Background At most institutions, internal medicine residents struggle with balancing clinical duties and learning opportunities, particularly during busy cardiology ward rotations. To improve learning experiences for residents, we helped develop a cardiology handbook app to supplement cardiology education. Objective The aim of this study was to report the development, implementation, and preliminary impact of the Krannert Cardiology Handbook app on graduate medical education. Methods In June 2017, 122 residents at Indiana University were invited to download the digital handbook in the Krannert app. The Krannert app featured a total of 13 chapters written by cardiology fellows and faculty at Indiana University. Residents were surveyed on their self-reported improvement in cardiology knowledge and level of satisfaction after using the Krannert app. Residents were also surveyed regarding their preference for a digital handbook app versus a paper handbook. Results Of the 122 residents, 38 trainees (31.1%) participated in survey evaluations. Among all respondents, 31 app users (82%) reported that the app helped improve their cardiology knowledge base. The app had an overall favorable response. Conclusions The Krannert app shows promise in augmenting clinical education in cardiology with mobile learning. Future work includes adding new topics, updating the content, and comparing the app to other learning modalities.
Role of WeChat publicity in control of imported malaria from abroad in timber industry

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of WeChat publicity in imported malaria control in timber industry in Zhangjiagang City, so as to provide new ideas for the control of malaria imported from abroad. METHODS The data of malaria epidemic in Zhangjiagang City was collected, and the contact way of the overseas personnel in timber industry in Zhangjiagang City were obtained. The knowledge of the prevention and control of malaria was propagandized by WeChat among these personnel, and the awareness situation of malaria control knowledge of this population was investigated by questionnaires before and after the WeChat publicity. In addition, the number of new malaria cases among returnees from abroad in timber industry before and after WeChat publicity was calculated. RESULTS All the links in timber industry in Zhangjiagang City adopted WeChat as the contact way. Before and after the WeChat publicity, 128 and 150 questionnaires were collected, respectively, the awareness rates of malaria control knowledge of the investigated objects were in the range of 7.81%-62.50% and 33.33%-90.00%, respectively, and the differences between the awareness rates on all the questions before and after the WeChat publicity were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Before the WeChat publicity, there were 6 new malaria cases in the population going aboard in timber industry, whereas no new cases were found after the publicity in this population. CONCLUSIONS WeChat publicity plays a good role in the prevention and control of malaria imported from overseas in timber industry in Zhangjiagang City, and this publicity method can be promoted in other industries.
Dangerousness of civil commitment candidates

This study followed a large, statewide sample of civil commitment candidates both in and out of the hospital for 6 months following their postcourt hearings to determine their postcourt dangerousness. It objectively measures dangerousness by dividing it into five legal components of behavior: (1) type, (2) object, (3) frequency, (4) weapon/means, and (5) severity of outcome. Using data from ward charts, readmission evaluations, recommitment affidavits, and arrest and community mental health center records, it describes candidates' dangerousness in terms of those, five components and compares that dangerousness with the alleged dangerous behavior that brought them into the civil commitment process. It finds that candidates do not tend to be dangerous in the 6 months following their court hearings.
A multicomponent marking pheromone produced by the pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugeni (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Insects in several orders deposit marking pheromones following oviposition. In addition to preventing the female from visiting the same site again, the pheromone also signals the presence of eggs to conspecific females. This form of chemical marking is particularly prevalent in species which oviposit on discrete hosts with limited resources available for developing larvae. The pepper weevil is a major pest of cultivated pepper throughout the southern United States, Mexico and the Caribbean. The weevil deposits eggs singly in a cavity chewed in flower buds and small fruits and caps these cavities with a plug derived from an anal secretion. The deterrent was found to be located in this oviposition plug and comprised of volatile and contact-acting components. Plug volatiles were collected by inducing oviposition into Teflon tape sachets containing pepper leaves and collecting volatiles from plugs laid on the tape surface. Of the two major components observed by GC/MS analyses, only acetophenone elicited a behavioral response by the female weevil in small arena and wind tunnel assays. Investigations of the oviposition plug matrix identified several free unsaturated and saturated fatty acids as major constituents of the plug which was in stark contrast to pepper tissue and seeds that contained only trace levels of free fatty acids and a distinctly different total fatty acid composition. The combined free fatty acids as well as acetophenone tested singly gave no significant reduction in oviposition while a plug-mimicking blend of unsaturated fatty acids tested in combination with acetophenone as artificial ‘plug spots,’ decreased oviposition on treated peppers by up to 75%. We propose that the combination of volatile and contact acting marking components improves oviposition site selection efficiency by pepper weevils on discrete hosts.
The central dogma and cosmological horizons.

The central dogma of black hole physics -- which says that from the outside a black hole can be described in terms of a quantum system with exp$(\text{Area}/4G_N)$ states evolving unitarily -- has recently been supported by computations indicating that the interior of the black hole is encoded in the Hawking radiation of the exterior. In this paper, we probe whether such a dogma for cosmological horizons has any support from similar computations. The fact that the de Sitter bifurcation surface is a minimax surface (instead of a maximin surface) causes problems with this interpretation when trying to import calculations analogous to the AdS case. This suggests anchoring extremal surfaces to the horizon itself, where we formulate a two-sided extremization prescription and find answers consistent with general expectations for a quantum theory of de Sitter space: vanishing total entropy, an entropy of $A/4G_N$ when restricting to a single static patch, an entropy of a subregion of the horizon which grows as the region size grows until an island-like transition at half the horizon size when the entanglement wedge becomes the entire static patch interior, and a de Sitter version of the Hartman-Maldacena transition.
Educational Research in Mental Retardation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the educational research in mental retardation reported between 1960 and 1967. Whereas most learning research is carried out in a controlled laboratory setting, most educational research is carried out in a relatively uncontrolled natural school environment. Educational research also includes areas other than applied learning research. This chapter discusses about Kirk's investigation and the implementation of Project head start in 1965. One of the early replications of Kirk's study was conducted by Fouracre, Connor, and Goldberg. The major goal of the investigation was to develop and evaluate a curriculum specifically designed for preschool educable mentally retarded children. The objectives of the curriculum included intellectual development, imagination and creative expression, social development, motor development, emotional development, manipulative development, and self-help. Although the study was successful, in producing a curriculum guide for preschool retarded children, the evaluation aspect of the study appears to have been far from successful. Originally designed to include experimental and at-home contrast groups, problems of case finding forced the investigators to eliminate the contrast groups and substitute seven year old educable mental retardates (EMR) special class comparison groups.
An Improved Method for Rapid and Accurate Scanning of Fibers on Tape

The use of adhesive tape to remove fibers transferred during contact between garments in criminal cases is standard forensic science practice. Problems associated with the recovery of “suspect” fibers from these tape strips are discussed. An aid to searching is suggested that eliminates these problems and provides an effective, accurate, and time-saving method for dealing with this routine task. It also allows more accurate quantitation of various fiber types present on tapes.