cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simplification of Semantically-Rich Model Transformations through Generated Transformation Blocks

This paper demonstrates a novel concept for the simplification of model transformations in which composite or complex objects are inserted into an existing model through a well-defined interface. The technique utilizes a model transformation from the domain of the modeling language into the domain of model transformation languages. The user specifies these semantically rich blocks using the original domain-specific modeling language. Then, a transformation generates the necessary model transformation graph to create an instance of the semantically rich, user-defined pattern. Users insert these generated patterns into their customized transformations. The approach is helpful for endogenous transformations in which existing objects may be refactored. It will also serve as a teaching tool for users who are unfamiliar with model transformations: specifically how to represent a newly-created model in the transformation domain. Finally, the approach is designed to reduce specification errors of model transformations in which new (semantically rich) blocks are inserted at key points, as the correctness of the semantically rich blocks is guaranteed, based on their construction in the original domain.
A specific immunoassay for monitoring human bone resorption: quantitation of type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides in urine

Peptides of low molecular weight that contain pyridinoline cross-links were isolated from adolescent human urine. A fraction was selected that was enriched in the N-telopeptide-to-helix intermolecular cross-linking domain of bone type I collagen. Mouse monoclonal antibodies were generated against these urinary peptides conjugated to a carrier protein as immunogen. A high-affinity antibody was identified that specifically bound to the trivalent peptides derived from the N-telopeptide-to-helix pyridinoline cross-linking site in type I collagen of human bone. This was confirmed by the direct isolation from human bone collagen of similar fragments recognized selectively by the antibody. A sensitive inhibition ELISA was established on microtiter plates that could quantify the bone-derived peptides in human urine. The assay, which can be run directly on untreated urine, was thoroughly tested against samples from normal subjects and from patients with metabolic bone disease. For example, strong correlations with urinary hydroxyproline and total pyridinoline cross-links were found in patients with Paget's disease of bone. The method shows considerable promise as a rapid and specific index of human bone resorption rates, with greatly improved specificity and convenience over total pyridinoline analysis. Potential applications include the study of normal metabolism, the diagnosis and monitoring of bone disease, and evaluating the effectiveness of antiresorption therapies.
Auditory facilitation of visual-target detection persists regardless of retinal eccentricity and despite wide audiovisual misalignments

It is well established that sounds can enhance visual-target detection, but the mechanisms that govern these cross-sensory effects, as well as the neural pathways involved, are largely unknown. Here, we tested behavioral predictions stemming from the neurophysiologic and neuroanatomic literature. Participants detected near-threshold visual targets presented either at central fixation or peripheral to central fixation that were sometimes paired with sounds that originated from widely misaligned locations (up to 104° from the visual target). Our results demonstrate that co-occurring sounds improve the likelihood of visual-target detection (1) regardless of retinal eccentricity and (2) despite wide audiovisual misalignments. With regard to the first point, these findings suggest that auditory facilitation of visual-target detection is unlikely to operate through previously described corticocortical pathways from auditory cortex that predominantly terminate in regions of visual cortex that process peripheral visual space. With regard to the second point, auditory facilitation of visual-target detection seems to operate through a spatially non-specific modulation of visual processing.
Generation of plasma in liquid without bubbles by nanosecond pulsed discharge: Fast imaging and modeling

Summary form only given. Plasma is best known as a gas phase phenomenon. Although efforts have been made in the past several decades to seek plasma in fluid phase, most researchers observed plasma only in low density phase (gas) bubbles and voids dispersed within fluids. Recent advances in pulsed power technology permitted application of much faster voltage rise times (including the subnanosecond range) and revealed that plasma-like phenomena can, in fact, occur in fluid phase quasi-homogeneously without any bubbles and voids1.
Fuzzy system design through fuzzy clustering and optimal predefuzzification

An approach to the design of fuzzy systems, assuming that the system specification is given in terms of a large number of sample I/O (input/output) pairs, that consists of two stages of processing is presented. First, K fuzzy relation patches are obtained by using a fuzzy clustering technique in the input-output joint universe of discourse. The number K of fuzzy clusters is selected and justified based on some cluster validity measure. Each fuzzy relation patch thus discovered then constitutes a fuzzy rule in the proposed system. Second, as in the case of the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model, a function is associated with each rule that can be regarded as a predefuzzifier for that rule. Each of these functions is obtained in an optimal way, so that an appropriately defined object function is minimized. An example is included to illustrate the approach. >
Evaluation of the Liu model for predicting rainfall interception in forests world‐wide

Simple but effective models are needed for the prediction of rainfall interception under a full range of environmental and management conditions. The Liu model was validated using data published in the literature and was compared with two leading models in the literature: the Rutter and the Gash models. The Liu model was tested against the Rutter model on a single-storm basis with interception measurements observed from an old-growth Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest in Oregon, USA. Simulated results by the Liu model were close to the measurements and comparable to those predicted by the Rutter model. The Liu model was further tested against the Gash model on a multistorm basis. The Gash and Liu models successfully predicted long-term interception losses from a broad range of 20 forests around the world. Results also indicated that both the Gash and the Liu models could be used to predict rainfall interception using daily rainfall data, although it was assumed in both models that there is only one storm per rain day. The sensitivity of the Liu model to stand storage capacity, canopy gap fraction and evaporation rate from wet canopy surface during rainfall was investigated. Results indicate that the Liu model has the simplest form, least data requirements and comparable accuracy for predicting rainfall interception as compared with the Rutter and the Gash models. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical decision rules for secondary trauma triage: predictors of emergency operative management.

Study objective Most injured patients taken by ambulance to hospital emergency departments do not require emergency surgery, yet most US trauma centers require a surgeon to be present on their arrival. If a clinical decision rule could be developed to accurately identify which injured patients require emergency operative intervention, then such "secondary triage" criteria could permit a trauma center to more efficiently use their surgeons' time. Methods We analyzed 7.5 years of data (8,289 consecutive trauma activations) in our prospectively maintained Level I trauma center registry. We used classification and regression tree analyses to generate clinical decision rules using standard out-of-hospital variables to identify emergency operative intervention (within 1 hour) by a general surgeon (for adults) or a pediatric surgeon (if ≤14 years). Results Emergency operative intervention occurred in 3.0% of adults and 0.35% of children. For adults, summoning a surgeon for any one of 3 criteria (penetrating mechanism, systolic blood pressure 104 beats/min) could reduce surgeon calls by 51.2% while failing to identify emergency operative intervention in only 0.08% (rule sensitivity 97.2% and specificity 48.6%). For children, no rule at all (ie, never automatically summoning a surgeon) would fail to identify emergency operative intervention in only 0.35% of patients, and use of a single criterion (penetrating mechanism) would reduce surgeon calls by 96.2% while failing to identify emergency operative intervention in only 0.09% (rule sensitivity 75.0% and specificity 96.5%). Conclusion We have derived simple decision rules for trauma centers that, if validated, could substantially reduce the need for routine surgeon presence on trauma patient arrival. These rules demonstrate low false-negative rates.
Proposed tests for the nondecreasing alternative in a mixed design

Abstract Two versions of a proposed nonparametric test are introduced for the mixed design consisting of a randomized complete block and a completely randomized design. The proposed versions are designed to test for a nondecreasing trend. Both versions are a combination of Page’s test and the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. It is noted that the randomized complete block portion could be replaced by a repeated measures design. A simulation study is conducted comparing the estimated powers of the two proposed test versions along with the estimated powers of Page’s test including only the randomized complete block design portion. Three different underlying distributions are considered. Equal and unequal sample sizes for the completely randomized design are used. When equal sample sizes are used, the sample size, n, is selected so that it is 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 that of the number of blocks considered. The study considers a variety of increasing location parameter arrangements for three, four, and five populations. At...
Are Dietary Supplements Beneficial for IVF Patients

The use of assisted reproductive technologies including in vitro fertilization is increasing globally, and modifiable factors that can improve success rates would have enormous public health significance. We review the literature on the effect of dietary supplementation on IVF outcomes including pregnancy and live birth. The main dietary factors for which there is some evidence of a relationship with these outcomes are folic acid, phytoestrogens, antioxidants, and vitamin D. Although several studies report a significant association between dietary supplementation and improved IVF outcomes, the number of large, high-quality, well-controlled, and randomized trials is limited. As a result, current evidence is not supportive of a change in practice towards routine recommendation of specific dietary supplements for the purpose of improving IVF outcomes. However, given the strength and consistency of the association between folic acid supplementation and IVF outcomes, it would be ideal if this relation were further evaluated in a large randomized controlled trial.
Fachlaufbahnen in der industriellen Forschung & Entwicklung

Verstarkter nationaler und internationaler Wettbewerbsdruck, gestiegene und sich z.T. rasch wandelnde Kundenanforderungen sowie damit verbundene verkurzte Produktvermarktungszeitraume haben in vielen Industrien dazu gefuhrt, das neue Produkte und/oder qualitativ bessere oder kostengunstigere innovative Herstellungsprozesse als Schlusselfaktoren fur den Unternehmenserfolg in den letzten Jahren erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen haben. Die materielle Basis fur solche technologischen Innovationen legen Industrieunternehmen uberwiegend dadurch, das sie systematische Aktivitaten entfalten, die auf den Erwerb neuer natur- und ingenieurwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse und/oder die neuartige Anwendung derartiger Erkenntnisse in Produkten und Produktionsprozessen ausgerichtet sind. Diese Aktivitaten und die sie ausfuhrende Unternehmensfunktion werden als industrielle Forschung und Entwicklung (FE Kern/Schroder 1992, Sp. 627). Dabei zeichnet sich Forschung gegenuber Entwicklung durch einen graduell starkeren Wissenschafts-/Technologiebezug, einen geringeren Bezug zu wohl definierten Produkt-Markt-Feldern, hoheren Neuheits- und geringeren Strukturiertheitsgrad aus. Gegenuber den Aufgaben in anderen Funktionsbereichen unterscheiden sich F&E-Aufgaben insgesamt im Mittel durch die hohe Relevanz von neuestem natur- und ingenieurwissenschaftlichem Fachwissen fur die Bewaltigung von Arbeitsproblemen, durch ihr hohes Neuheits-/Komplexitatsniveau und die damit verbundene erhebliche Bedeutung kreativer Prozesse fur den Arbeitserfolg.
The Effect of Sesame Oil (“T-Factor”) on the Platelet Count.

SummaryOral administration of sesame oil had no effect on the platelet levels of 6 adult rats or 2 patients with thrombocytopenic purpura.
Case Report and Review of Literature: Late Retrograde Type A Aortic Dissection With Rupture after Repair of Type B Aortic Dissection with a GORE TAG Endovascular Prosthesis

Acute aortic dissection is the most common catastrophic condition of the aorta. Treatment options include open surgery and thoracic endovascular aortic reconstruction (TEVAR). We present a late Type A dissection as a complication of the management of descending aortic dissections with TEVAR and a review of the literature. TEVAR of the thoracic aorta is a viable treatment option for the management of complicated descending thoracic aortic dissections. Careful patient selection is necessary as medical therapy successfully treats the majority of uncomplicated Type B dissections. TEVAR should be reserved for patients with complicated Type B dissections or those who fail nonoperative management. Close postoperative monitoring is necessary when TEVAR is performed and should be accompanied by lifelong surveillance. A high level of suspicion is important to identify retrograde Type A dissections in these patients given its rarity and the ambiguity of its clinical presentation.
Susceptibility of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Reared on Four Host Plants, to a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

Median lethal doses (LD 50 s) of Anticarsia gemmatalis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AgNPV) were determined in 3rd-instar velvetbean caterpillars, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, reared on 4 host plants. The LD 50 s were 22.3, 35.2, 14.6, and 41.0 occlusion bodies per insect in A. gemmatalis reared on Glycine max (L.) Merrill, Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC, and Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth, respectively. Based on lack of overlap of 95% CLs, the insects reared on V. luteola were less susceptible to the virus than those reared on G. max or R. minima. Mean larval development time of velvetbean caterpillar reared on P. lobata was significantly longer than for insects reared on the other 3 plants. The pupal weights of velvetbean caterpillar reared on C. max and V. luteola were significantly greater than those of insects reared on R. minima and P. lobata. Larval development times and pupal weights of the survivors of virus treatments were not significantly different from those of controls reared on the 4 plants. The percentages of larvae pupating for insects that survived exposure to AgNPV were similar to those for controls. However, insects surviving AgNPV exposure had a higher percentage of deformed pupae than control insects. Thus, host plant suitability did not affect susceptibility to AgNPV, and the primary sublethal effect on survivors of viral treatment was an increase in the percentage of pupae deformed.
The Ratio of Free to Esterified Cholesterol in Serum: A New Discriminant in Correlating Lipid Metabolism with Disease State

A normal range has been established for the ratio of free to esterified cholesterol in serum. It has been observed that whereas this ratio remains constant in clinically healthy subjects and is not influenced by sex or age, it is markedly altered in certain disease states. The present study is concerned with the correlation of the normal free:esterified cholesterol ratio with ratios determined for 148 patients hospitalized for various reasons. This study has allowed correlations to be made with respect to various groups of diseases, such as cardiac disease and cancer. Changes in the free:esterified cholesterol ratios offer a new and incisive discriminant in correlating the relationships between cholesterol and various diseases. The methods used were gas-liquid chromatography for determination of "free" and "total" cholesterol and the new enzymatic methods for "free" and "total" cholesterol.
Drafting New York Civil-Litigation Documents: Motion Practice Overview

This piece is a short book chapter on motion practice in a text published by the New York State Bar Association.
Management of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: role of netupitant-palonosetron combination.

Purpose The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the recently published data (both original studies and reviews) on the oral medication NEPA, consisting of netupitant (a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist [NK1RA], 300 mg dose) and palonosetron (5-hydroxytryptamine [serotonin or 5HT] type 3 receptor antagonist [5HT3RA], 0.5 mg dose), in the prevention of the acute and delayed nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Methods This review was based on the very limited number of available published trials consisting of two Phase III studies and one Phase II dose-selecting trial. Results These studies demonstrated some therapeutic benefits of NEPA over related chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) prophylaxis management, as well as its beneficial safety profile. In particular, compared with single-dose 0.5 mg palonosetron, the complete response rates for all phases of CINV for the first cycle of highly emetogenic chemotherapy (with cisplatin), as well as anthracycline-cyclophosphamide-based moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, were significantly higher for single-dose NEPA. The high efficacy of NEPA in terms of prevention of CINV continued throughout repeated cycles of highly and moderately emetogenic therapies. Conclusion It is currently recommended that patients who are administered highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimens should obtain a three-drug combination consisting of NK1RA, 5HT3RA, and dexamethasone. The recently available oral combination of NEPA plus dexamethasone provides an additional pharmacological management option that could be considered in this scenario.
Exploration on Management System and Operational Mechanism of Cultural Heritage Experiment Teaching

The Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center of Cultural Heritage Preservation Techniques in Northwest University,one of four archaeological experimental teaching demonstration centers on national level,has explored characteristic management system and operational mechanism based on own professional features and realistic development condition. A multistep and multi-layered management system was constructed by two levels of management of university and school. The director of the center was responsible the center,and teaching committee and student council were established to evaluate teaching. The operational mechanism was built through the rules and regulations,resources integration inside and union with outside university,modern information management,experiments running funds and so on.
Observation of Disinfection Methods for Different Air in Medical Institutions

Objective To explore the use of different air disinfection method results in medical institutions. Methods To take medical institutionsⅡindoor air environment natural bacteria as a target for observation.Using slab natural sinking method to sample bacteria and measure quantity in different time before disinfection and after disinfection,compared with air disinfection Sterilizer device,electrostatic adsorption-based air cleaning efficiency of sterilizing medical institutions for TypeⅡindoor air environment from the natural bactericidal effect.Conclusion Under two air Sterilizer work normally in the operating room,they have obvious disinffection effect for natural bac- teria in air,keep using,they can make the natural bacteria reach standard of TypeⅡenvironment in air.
Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride and 5-Fluorouracil in Advanced Carcinoma of the Prostate

Combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride and 5-fluorouracil was evaluated in 21 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate who were unresponsive to conventional therapy. All patients had extensive bone metastases. Of the 21 patients 5 (29 per cent) had a subjective response and an additional 12 (57 per cent) remained stable for 2 to 13 months after initiation of therapy. The median survival of patients with a subjective response was 60 weeks compared to 40 weeks for the stable patients. Patients who progressed on therapy had a median survival of 22 weeks. The significant response rate with a corresponding improvement in survival for patients on this 3-drug regimen suggests a need for additional trials to determine the response rate and survival compared to single agents.
Raman and infrared spectra, conformational stability and vibrational assignment for 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐2‐methoxypropane

The Raman spectra of gaseous, liquid and solid 1, 1, 1-trifluoro-2-methoxypropane, CF3(CH3)CHOCH3, and the corresponding methoxy-d3 isotope, CF3(CH3)CHOCD3, together with the infrared spectra of the gases and solids were recorded from 3500 to 30 cm−1. A comparison of the vibrational spectra obtained for the fluid phases with those obtained for the amorphous and annealed solids indicates the predominance of two conformers in the fluid phases at ambient temperature. Owing to possible steric hindrance, it is suggested that the most stable conformer is the gauche-2 form, which has the methoxy group trans with respect to the carbon-carbon bond of the perfluoromethyl group. This conformer is the one present in the solid. The other conformer in appreciable abundance in the fluid states is probably the gauche-1 form, which has the methoxy group trans to the carbon-carbon bond of the methyl group. From a temperature study of the Raman spectrum of the liquid, the enthalpy difference between these conformers was determined to be 180 ± 100 cm−1 (515 ± 286 cal mol−1). The asymmetric torsional frequencies for the gauche-2 and gauche-1 conformers are 93 and 53 cm−1, respectively, and from these data and the enthalpy difference the values for the potential constants governing the internal rotation have been estimated. The normal modes have been assigned based on group frequencies, isotopic shifts, depolarization values and infrared band contours. The barrier to internal rotation of the methyl group is calculated to be 1275 cm−1 (3.65 kcal mol−1) from the torsional frequency of 234 cm−1 of the solid.
Further Dialectics: Strangers, Friends, and Historical Transformations

(1989). Further Dialectics: Strangers, Friends, and Historical Transformations. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 12, Communication Yearbook 12, pp. 190-202.
Survival of Elderly Adults Undergoing Incident Home Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplantation

Objectives To compare the mortality of elderly adults with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with home hemodialysis (HD) with that of those receiving a kidney transplant (KTx). Design Prospective cohort. Setting Pertinent data for the two groups were obtained from electronic medical records from a large dialysis provider and the U.S. Renal Data System. Participants Using data from elderly adults (aged ≥65) who started home HD and underwent KTx in the US between 2007 and 2011, a 1:1 propensity score (PS)-matched cohort of 960 elderly adults was created, and the association between treatment modality and all-cause mortality was examined using Cox proportional hazards and competing risk regression survival models using modality failure as a competing event. Measurements Modality of renal replacement therapy. Results The baseline mean age ± standard deviation of the PS-matched individuals undergoing home HD was 71 ± 6, and that of KTx recipients was 71 ± 5, 69% of both groups were male, 81% of those undergoing home HD and 79% of KTx recipients were white, and 11% and 12%, respectively, were African American. Median follow-up time was 205 days (interquartile range (IQR) 78–364 days) for those undergoing home HD and 795 days (IQR 366–1,221 days) for KTx recipients. There were 97 deaths (20%, 253/1,000 patient-years, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 207–309/1,000 patient-years) in the home HD group and 48 deaths (10%, 45/1,000 patient-years, 95% CI = 34–60/1,000 patient-years) in the KTx group. Elderly adults undergoing home HD had a risk of mortality that was almost five times as high as that of KTx recipients (hazard ratio = 4.74, 95% CI = 3.25–6.91). Similar results were seen in competing risk regression analyses (subhazard ratio = 4.71, 95% CI = 3.27–6.79). Results were consistent across different types of kidney donors and subgroups divided according to various recipient characteristics. Conclusion Elderly adults with ESRD who receive a KTx have greater survival than those who undergo home HD. Further studies are needed to assess whether KTx receipt is associated with other benefits such as better quality of life and lower hospitalization rates.
Stand-Sit Microchip for High-Throughput, Multiplexed Analysis of Single Cancer Cells

Cellular heterogeneity in function and response to therapeutics has been a major challenge in cancer treatment. The complex nature of tumor systems calls for the development of advanced multiplexed single-cell tools that can address the heterogeneity issue. However, to date such tools are only available in a laboratory setting and don’t have the portability to meet the needs in point-of-care cancer diagnostics. Towards that application, we have developed a portable single-cell system that is comprised of a microchip and an adjustable clamp, so on-chip operation only needs pipetting and adjusting of clamping force. Up to 10 proteins can be quantitated from each cell with hundreds of single-cell assays performed in parallel from one chip operation. We validated the technology and analyzed the oncogenic signatures of cancer stem cells by quantitating both aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities and 5 signaling proteins in single MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The technology has also been used to investigate the PI3K pathway activities of brain cancer cells expressing mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) after drug intervention targeting EGFR signaling. Our portable single-cell system will potentially have broad application in the preclinical and clinical settings for cancer diagnosis in the future.
Prevalence of Epilepsy in 10-Year-Olds

The prevalence of epilepsy and seizure types among 10-year-old children in metropolitan Atlanta were ascertained from EEG laboratories and other sources and reported from the Centers for Public Health Research, Battelle; Division of Birth Defects, Center for Disease Control and Prevention; and Children’s Epilepsy Center, Scottish Rite Children’s Medical Center, Atlanta, GA.
Welfare without borders: unpacking the bases of transnational social protection for international migrants

AbstractHannah Arendt famously defined citizenship as ‘the right to have rights.’ While states have special obligations towards citizens, which typically include some level of social protection, their general obligations towards non-citizens derive from the international human rights regime and do not include social security access. Yet, many countries provide social protection to non-citizens, including welfare benefits. Others extend coverage to extra-territorial citizens. What explains this puzzling expansion of social protection for international migrants? This article investigates the bases upon which states establish and legitimize transnational social protection (TSP). Findings suggest that, despite international norms, states have not extended social rights to non-citizens on the basis of personhood and non-discrimination. Instead, formal resource environments depend on migrant worker status within regions with integrated economies. TSP develops as countries establish supranational labour markets....
A fault tolerance switching strategy based on modified space vector modulation method for cascaded multilevel converter

This paper presents a new fault-tolerant strategy to guarantee the performance of three-phase multilevel (ML) converters with faulty switches. The proposed fault-tolerant strategy is based on the modified Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique in conjunction with the Fundamental Phase-Shift Compensation (FPSC) method. In this paper, first a brief background about SVM and FPSC methods is provided. Then the proposed fault-tolerant strategy and the modified SVM technique are presented. Finally, experimental results are provided to validate operation of the proposed strategy.
Exploring the Generality of the Influence of Institutional Isolation among Youth on Crime

ABSTRACTPrior research indicates that institutional isolation among youth is a strong correlate of levels of crime across large units of analysis. The generality and robustness of these findings, however, remain an open empirical question that requires drilling down to a smaller unit of analysis. The current study advances the extant literature by examining the salience of institutional attachments among youth to violent and property crime relying on a level of aggregation that more accurately estimates a “neighborhood effect.” Results of our census tract level analyses suggest that institutional isolation among youth explains 35–56% of variation in property and violent crime across neighborhoods.
The Concepts of Aggression: A Review and Reformulation

The term aggression is currently defined in several different ways and applied to widely divergent forms of behavior. It is also conceptualized from many divergent theoretical positions. Consideration of definitional problems, the contributions and limitations of the drive position, frustration-aggression, learning, and a variety of phylogenetic antecedents point to the need for a more comprehensive and integrated model. A model is proposed in which aggression is considered a directionally oriented energizer (drive-model) “released” when the organism is unable to gratify life sustaining needs (phyletic and frustration model). Associated behavioral responses are subject to modification by experience (learning-model). This model accounts for phylogenetic antecedents and the difficult problems of circularity of aggression-frustration, of the overt response definition, and the emotion of anger.
Supplemental Screening With Automated Breast Ultrasound in Women With Dense Breasts: Comparing Notification Methods and Screening Behaviors.

OBJECTIVE. Supplemental screening with ultrasound has been shown to detect additional breast malignancies in women with dense breast tissue and normal mammogram findings. The frequency of supplemental screening with automated breast ultrasound and the effect and type of breast tissue density notification on automated screening breast ultrasound utilization rates are unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We examined normal mammogram results letters for patients with heterogeneously or extremely dense breast tissue between July 1, 2013, and June 30, 2014, by type of results letter, notification method, and sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between type of results letter and subsequent automated screening breast ultrasound. RESULTS. Among 3012 women with dense breast tissue and normal mammogram findings, 15% returned for supplemental automated screening breast ultrasound within 18 months of results letter notification. Compared with a similarly sized control ...
A content analysis of an online pro-eating disorder community on Reddit

Pro-eating disorder communities provide a refuge for individuals with eating disorders (EDs) who are ambivalent about seeking treatment. We investigated a pro-ED community on Reddit, an anonymous social networking platform with topical forums, to identify expression of behaviors aligned with ED symptoms and support for these behaviors. A content analysis on four weeks of topic-specific discussion threads (N=125 comments, 115 replies to comments) was conducted to identify behaviors consistent with ED psychopathology and support for these behaviors (informational, tangible assistance, esteem/emotional support). Results indicated that the content aligned with expressions of clinically relevant ED psychopathology, with eating concerns (49/125) and shape concerns (47/125) being most prevalent. The majority (92/115) of replies provided esteem/emotional support to the comment author. Online interventions and/or recovery programs are needed to counteract reinforcing dialogue that occurs on social media sites, like Reddit, and promote ED recovery through supportive messages on these platforms.
Clinical Studies on Cell Surface Estrogen-Regulated Proteins

H59 recognizes an estrogen regulated cell surface peptide or two peptides of approximately 30K daltons. The lines of evidence suppporting its estrogen regulation are both direct from in vitro systems and indirect from tissue specimens. H59 antibody binds only to hormone dependent human breast cancer cell lines. In addition, it does not bind to R27 and R3 two tamoxifen resistant and estrogen independent cell lines derived from estrogen dependent MCF-7 cells. The H59 antibody detects an antigen which is increased in estrogen stimulated cells and decreased in tamoxifen inhibited cells. The antigen appears to be estrogen regulated in human breast colostrum and milk as well. The monoclonal antibodies which we have generated have been reacted with more than 300 specimens of breast cancer and more than 100 specimens of benign disease. The H59 antibody binds only to a subset of specimens that are estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positive and to most benign disease. Our data suggests that the presence of H59 and other differentiation antibodies correlates only with estrogen and progesterone receptor and not with other factors associated with a favorable prognosis.
Legal Issues in School-Based Behavior Therapy

The use of behavioral treatments in schools may at first glance seem to present no particular legal questions. However, the variety of potentially conflicting interests involved in decisions to employ such techniques renders this area legally complex. In this chapter, we will examine some of the basic legal interests involved when behavior modification techniques are used in the classroom, or as an adjunct to classroom instruction. First, we will introduce three basic dichotomies of interests as conceptual tools useful in understanding the complexity of these areas of law. We will then explore, in order, issues surrounding consent to treatment, confidentiality, the rights to treatment and education, legal limits on behavioral treatments, and avenues through which the child or the child’s advocate may seek redress of violations of the child’s rights.
Some Studies of the Reproducing Kernel Particle Method

Interests in meshfree (or meshless) methods have grown rapidly in the recent years in solving boundary value problems arising in mechanics, especially in dealing with difficult problems involving large deformation, moving discontinuities, etc. Rigorous error estimates of a meshfree method, the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM), have been theoretically derived and experimentally tested in [13,14]. In this paper, we provide some further studies of the meshfree method. First, improved local meshfree interpolation error estimates are derived. Second, a new and efficient technique is proposed to implement Dirichlet boundary conditions. Numerical experiments indicate that optimal convergence orders are maintained for Dirichlet problems over higher dimensional domains. Finally, the meshfree method is applied to solve 4th-order equations. Since the smoothness of meshfree functions is the same as that of the window function, the meshfree method is a natural choice for conforming approximation of higher-order differential equations.
Some Mechanics Problems of Multi-Layered Materials

Substantial progress has been made in the mechanics of interface fracture. An engineering program has emerged which allows the fracture resistance of interfaces to be measured and utilized. This recent development is documented in an Acta-Scripta Metallurgica Proceeding edited by Ruhle et al. [1] and in a comprehensive article by Hutchinson and Suo [2]. This program has been implemented in experiments by several groups (Cao and Evans [4]; Wang and Suo [5]; Liechti and Chai [6]; Stout, O’Dowd and Shih [7]). The interface crack theory provides a framework for studying several mechanics problems of multi-layered materials. In this article, the emphasis is on multi-layered material with fine scale structure. It is shown that material anisotropy and inertia strongly influence crack trajectories and the nature and extent of the damage near the crack path. Progress in the plasticity aspects of bimaterial interfaces is also discussed.
Work Intensity and Academic Success

In this chapter, we review prior research examining how teenage work intensity, indicated by the average hours of paid work, its quality, and duration, relates to both short- and longer-term success in school. We examine the evidence for three plausible propositions: (1) that work intensity in adolescence has a causal effect on school achievement and educational attainment; (2) that these effects are moderated by gender, race/ethnicity, and family socioeconomic background; and (3) that the relationship between work intensity and academic success is spuriously related to preexisting differences between students. We also highlight shifts in the employment experiences of teenagers over the past 20 years based on cross-sectional data from the Monitoring the Future study, we offer four suggestions for future study, and we discuss implications for policy based upon what we know now about the intensity of teenage work.
STANDARDIZATION OF CARE REDUCES LENGTH OF STAY IN POST-OPERATIVE CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE PATIENTS

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect with treatment known to consume considerable resources. As the delivery model in healthcare shifts from volume to a value based system, pressure exists to improve quality while reducing cost. Reduction in length of stay (LOS) is
“Go See Somebody”: How Spouses Promote Mental Health Care:

This study considers when, whether, and how spouses encourage professional mental health care by analyzing qualitative data from 90 in-depth interviews with gay, lesbian, and heterosexual spouses. ...
The Special Role of the United States in the Global Financial System

This chapter begins with an examination of the special privileges that the United States has enjoyed from the roles of the US dollar as the dominant currency for trade and financial exchanges and US government debt as the pre-eminent safe asset for international investors. The economic benefits of financial openness and international financial integration for the efficiency of investment and the diversification of risk are then discussed, as well as the positive links between financial sector expansion and economic growth. The chapter concludes with a case study of the links between financial liberalization and the global financial crisis, the main factors that gave rise to the crisis and the key policy responses adopted to contain its adverse effects.
Long-term consequences of early postnatal lead exposure on hippocampal synaptic activity in adult mice.

Introduction Lead (Pb) exposure yielding blood lead levels (BLL) as low as 2 µg/dl in children is an international problem. More common in US low-income neighborhoods, childhood Pb exposure can cause behavioral and cognitive deficits, including working memory impairments, which can persist into adulthood. So far, studies characterized short-term effects of high Pb exposure on neuronal structure and function. However, long-term consequences of early chronic Pb exposure on neuronal activity are poorly documented. Methods Here, we exposed male and female mice (PND [postnatal day] 0 to PND 28) to one of three Pb treatments: 0 ppm (sodium-treated water, control), 30 ppm (low dose), and 330 ppm (high dose) lead acetate. Once the male and female mice were 9-12 months old, extracellular field recordings on hippocampal slices were performed. Results We show that at CA3 to CA1 synapses, synaptic transmission was decreased and neuronal fiber activity was increased in males exposed to lowest level Pb. In contrast, both synaptic transmission and neuronal fiber activity were increased in females exposed to high Pb. The ventral hippocampus-medial prefrontal cortex (vHPC-mPFC) synapses are crucial for working memory in rodents. The lowest level Pb decreased vHPC-mPFC synaptic transmission, whereas high Pb decreased short-term synaptic depression. Conclusions Overall, we show for the first time that early exposure to either high or lowest level Pb has long-term consequences on different synaptic properties of at least two hippocampal synapses. Such consequences of early Pb exposure might worsen the cognitive decline observed in aging men and women. Our results suggest that additional efforts should focus on the consequences of early Pb exposure especially in at-risk communities.
Notes on Poetry and Communism: Abolition, Solidarity, Love

This chapter aims to explore poetry’s potential to help us think and feel the relations between capitalist predation and indefinite detention. Without suggesting or appropriating a radical emancipatory politics for poetry per se, it tracks poetry’s potential to pursue the subjective registration of objective conditions as it senses relation between the most intimate of private experiences and the most abstract of economic processes. The chapter considers what it might mean to radicalize that potential. In addition to making an otherwise abstract knowledge about these relations concrete at the level of one’s body, poetry might also nourish improbable solidarities across hardened borders and violent institutions, solidarities that are critical for a communism understood concretely as a set of practices oriented toward the “refusal of private appropriation”—of resources and bodies—as well as the organization of “collective reappropriation,” which arguably requires the imagination to open spaces for action.
Multiplatform assessment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement in signet ring cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract.

e14612 Background: ALK-EML4 translocation is an established driver aberration in NSCLC, with reported predilection for cases with signet ring histology. We assessed the presence of ALK gene rearran...
Performance and Reliability Comparison of ZnO and IGZO Thin-Film Transistors and Inverters Fabricated at a Maximum Process Temperature of 115 °C

Performance and reliability comparison of oxide-based thin-film transistors fabricated at a maximum process temperature of 115 °C is presented. A fully patterned and passivated process was successfully evaluated and implemented using polycrystalline ZnO and amorphous indium–gallium–zinc–oxide (IGZO) as an active layer in glass substrates. Saturation mobilities of 14.2 and 9.0 cm $^{{2}}\cdot \text{V}^{-{1}}\cdot \text{s}^{-{1}}$ were obtained for ZnO and IGZO, respectively, with threshold voltages of 2.2 and 2.0 V, an ON/ OFF ratio $> {1} \times 10^{{8}}$ , and an ${I}_{{\text {off}}} A. The small mobility change in IGZO with gate voltage is due to its amorphous character. Longer variation is observed in polycrystalline ZnO due to its grain boundaries. Reliability studies show a threshold voltage shifting of 0.4 and 1.8 V for ZnO and IGZO devices, testing after 1200-s stress. Devices were successfully implemented in ZnO- and IGZO-based inverters using saturation and zero-drive structures, showing a maximum dc gain of 2.4- and 25-V/V, respectively.
Validating optimization with uncertain constraints

We consider optimization with uncertain or probabilistic constraints under the availability of limited data or Monte Carlo samples. In this situation, the obtained solutions are subject to statistical noises that affect both the feasibility and the objective performance. To guarantee feasibility, common approaches in data-driven optimization impose constraint reformulations that are "safe" enough to ensure solution feasibility with high confidence. Often times, selecting this safety margin relies on loose statistical estimates, in turn leading to overly conservative and suboptimal solutions. We propose a validation-based framework to balance the feasibility-optimality tradeoff more efficiently, by leveraging the typical low-dimensional structure of solution paths in these data-driven reformulations instead of estimates based on the whole decision space utilized by past approaches. We demonstrate how our approach can lead to a feasible solution with less conservative safety adjustment and confidence guarantees.
High-Speed Schlieren Imaging of Cylinder-Induced Hypersonic-Shock-Wave–Boundary-Layer Interactions

High-speed schlieren imaging was implemented to monitor the shock structure and quantify the flow dynamics of a cylinder-induced shock-wave–boundary-layer interaction (SBLI) as the state of the int...
Helping Babies Breathe (2nd edition) implementation on a shoestring budget in Zanzibar, Tanzania.

To assess the efficacy and viability of implementing Helping Babies Breathe, a neonatal resuscitation program for resource-limited environments on a small budget in two of the largest delivery centers in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The quality improvement initiative concentrated on training midwives, who directly care for neonates at birth on Helping Babies Breathe to address high rates of neonatal mortality secondary to birth asphyxia. The convenience sample was 59 midwives working in the two delivery centers of interest in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The train-the-trainer implementation strategy with repeated measures design was used to assess knowledge and skills at three time points. Observations were completed through supportive supervision of deliveries in both facilities. A budget was kept throughout the implementation. Knowledge scores and resuscitation skills significantly improved and were sustained over a 6-month period of time, Ps < .001. 130 supportive supervision observations were completed. Eighteen times (14%) a baby did not cry at birth and needed intervention. All were appropriately intervened for and survived the Golden Minute. The budget for this implementation was 9015.50 USD. Considering in-kind donations and financial support by the Zanzibar Ministry of Health the bottom line cost was much lower. Results indicate that participants retained knowledge and skills over time and were able to translate these skills into clinical practice. This initiative provides an alternative approach to implementing Helping Babies Breathe, relying on a small budget, local leadership and government support. Not applicable.
The Higgs Field and Early Universe Cosmology: A (Brief) Review

We review and discuss recent work exploring the implications of the Higgs field for early universe cosmology, and vice versa. Depending on the model under consideration, the Higgs may be one of a few scalar fields determining the evolution and fate of the Universe, or the Higgs field may be connected to a rich sector of scalar moduli with complicated dynamics. In particular, we look at the potential consequences of the Higgs field for inflation and its predictions, for the (meta)stability of the Standard Model vacuum, and for the existence of dynamical selection mechanisms in the landscape.