cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inference of thermal preference profiles for personalized thermal environments with actual building occupants

Abstract In this paper we present a methodology to map individual occupants' thermal preference votes and indoor environmental variables into personalized preference models. Our modeling approach includes a new Bayesian classification and inference algorithm that incorporates hidden parameters and informative priors to account for the uncertainty associated with variables that are noisy or difficult to measure (unobserved) in real buildings (for example, the metabolic rate, air speed and occupants’ clothing level). To demonstrate our approach, we conducted an experimental study in private offices by considering thermal comfort delivery conditions that are representative of typical office buildings. Personalized preference models were developed with the training dataset and the developed algorithms were used in a detailed validation process. The proposed model showed better prediction performance compared to previous methods. Towards realization of preference-based control systems, this study also addresses practical limitations associated with controlling model complexity and data efficiency as well as using effective model evaluation metrics to train reliable personalized preference models in the real world.
Interview Results: The Design Reviewer as Convener

This chapter discusses how design reviewers play the role of convener during the design review process. As a convener, the design reviewer focuses on the managing process, stress and promoting social encounters. The reviewer provides opportunities for participants to interact with others informally or formally so that different parties can begin to build meaningful working relationships on a long-term basis. In this role, the reviewer also helps to build trust among participants in the design review process.
Diminished Jak/STAT Signaling Causes Early-Onset Aging Defects in Stem Cell Cytokinesis.

Summary Tissue renewal becomes compromised with age. Although defects in niche and stem cell behavior have been implicated in promoting age-related decline, the causes of early-onset aging defects are unknown. We have identified an early consequence of aging in germline stem cells (GSCs) in the Drosophila testis. Aging disrupts the unique program of GSC cytokinesis, with GSCs failing to abscise from their daughter cells. Abscission failure significantly disrupts both self-renewal and the generation of differentiating germ cells. Extensive live imaging and genetic analyses show that abscission failure is due to inappropriate retention of F-actin at the intercellular bridges between GSC-daughter cells. Furthermore, F-actin is regulated by the Jak/STAT pathway—increasing or decreasing pathway activity can rescue or exacerbate the age-induced abscission defect, respectively. Even subtle decreases to STAT activity are sufficient to precociously age young GSCs and induce abscission failure. Thus, this work has identified the earliest age-related defect in GSCs and has revealed a unique role for an established niche signaling pathway in controlling stem cell cytokinesis and in regulating stem cell behavior with age.
Exposure To Traffic-Related Air Pollution And Neurobehavioral Outcomes In The Cincinnati Childhood Allergy And Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS) Cohort

Introduction: Toxicological evidence suggests that traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) can induce neuroinflammation and translocate across the blood-brain barrier. The objective of the ongoing Cin...
Detection of Bacillus anthracis in animal tissues using inbios Active Anthrax Detect Rapid Test lateral flow immunoassay.

The Active Anthrax Detect (AAD) Rapid Test lateral flow immunoassay is a point-of-care assay that was under investigational use for detecting Bacillus anthracis capsular polypeptide (polyglutamic acid) in human blood, serum and plasma. Small sample volumes, rapid results and no refrigeration required allow for easy use in either the field or laboratory. Although the test was developed for use in suspect cases of human inhalation anthrax, its features also make it a potentially powerful tool for testing suspect animal cases. We tested animal tissue samples that were confirmed or ruled out for B. anthracis. The AAD Rapid Tests were also deployed in the field, testing animal carcasses during an anthrax outbreak in hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius) and Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Namibia. Evaluation of all samples showed a specificity of 82% and sensitivity of 98%. However, when the assay was used on specimens from only fresh carcasses (dead for <24 h), the specificity increased to 96%. The AAD Rapid Test is a rapid and simple screening assay, but confirmatory testing needs to be done, especially when the age of the sample (days animal has been deceased) is unknown. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In countries where anthrax is endemic, many human outbreaks are often caused by epizootics. Earlier detection of infected animals may allow for identification of exposed people, early implementation of prevention and control methods, and ultimately lessen the number of people and animals affected. Detection of Bacillus anthracis in animal tissues using a simple, rapid and field-deployable method would allow for faster outbreak response. We evaluated a simple sample collection and processing method for use with the Active Anthrax Detect Rapid Test lateral flow immunoassay to screen dead animals for anthrax.
Correction: Recent developments in photonic, plasmonic and hybrid nanowire waveguides

Correction for ‘Recent developments in photonic, plasmonic and hybrid nanowire waveguides’ by Sanggon Kim et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2018, 6, 11795–11816.
Concatenated Disruptions with Resilience

This chapter presents a method for modelling resilience in economic systems confronted by multiple irregular shocks. For this, investment portfolio theory is reformulated as a protected production function. This function determines the share of output that is dedicated to protection as economic agents attempt to maintain their preferred level of consumption and safety in the face of exogenous hazards. With this, resilience becomes the ability of production to withstand and recover from the repeated shocks. This mechanism is illustrated via model comprising aggregated domestic sector and a single export sector trading with a larger regional system. Solving the model, first as a comparative static system gives multiple stable and unstable equilibrium solutions for the level of economic activity. Equating these solutions gives the level of protection that offers greatest well-being. This production–protection relationship is then incorporated into a time-step simulation showing how the economy evolves in response to random shocks and concatenated disturbances, including irregular collapses beyond the desired resilience regime. Within this dynamic model, solutions to the static model appear as weak attractors. Thus, a further contribution of the paper is that it bridges between equilibrium and evolutionary economics, and comparable challenges in other disciplines. The method is advanced as a closure for a social accounting-event matrix based approach.
The Role of Faceting in \( {\mathbf{\{ 10\bar{1}2\} }} \) Twin Nucleation

{1012} twinning is the most profuse twin mode in Mg and plays a major role in its plasticity and deformation. Identification of the mechanisms and locations of twinning nucleation is crucial to characterize the ensuing microstructural evolution and failure. Herein, we provide a new theory of hexagonal close-packed twin nucleation. In essence, the theory is that twins need a pre-existing interface upon which to grow. In the earliest stages of nucleation, this requirement implies that the twin must be able to facet onto the same plane as the local interface, whether it be a free surface, stacking fault, or grain boundary, and that the action of twinning must reduce the defect energy of the pre-existing structure in order to remain stable until it can grow large enough to emit disconnections. The theory is demonstrated on {1012} twin nucleation at grain boundaries and stacking faults in Mg via molecular dynamics.
Multiple Interventions for Improving Food Safety Practices in 2 Small Beef Abattoirs of Honduras and Associated Impacts on Risk-Mitigation Management:

Mitigation of risk for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella contamination was evaluated after a multiple-intervention approach (comprising food safety education and training, implementation of customized food safety practices and programs, and environmental monitoring programs with audits and corrective actions) in 2 small Honduran beef abattoirs. Previously, neither abattoir had food safety programs in place nor were they subjected to strict food safety regulatory surveillance. Abattoirs A and B were sampled on 4 nonconsecutive months each. Swab samples of abattoir A (n = 160, 40 samples per sampling date) and abattoir B (n = 78, 16-22 samples per sampling date) were taken from direct and indirect food contact surfaces, screened by BAX real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and confirmed using immunomagnetic separation, selective media, and latex agglutination. In abattoir A, Salmonella presence was negligible, whereas presumptive STECs were present in 10%, 12.5%, 0%, and 5% of the environmental samples respective to each sampling month, indicating a reduction of STEC (P = .06) by the third and fourth sampling months. Conversely, presumptive STEC presence was negligible in abattoir B, whereas Salmonella presence for each sampling month was of 5.6%, 6.3%, 27.3%, and 0.0%, respectively. Upon the increased pathogen presence detected on the third sampling month, additional actions were taken to reinforce the implementation of food safety practices and programs, which resulted in a Salmonella reduction to 0% by the fourth sampling month (P = .013). The satisfactory results strongly suggest that a multiple-intervention approach is crucial to improve food safety in this type of premises.
Patient-based health status measurement in clinical practice: a study of its impact on epilepsy patients' care

The objective was to assess the potential benefits of the routine use of the MOS SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36) in the care of ambulatory patients. The design was a longitudinal, prospective, randomized, controlled study set in the outpatient neurology clinic at the New England Medical Center. There were 163 consecutive patients with epilepsy who had 210 follow-up visits with one of two epileptologists. The patients completed the SF-36 before the patient-physician encounter and the forms were optically scanned. The SF-36 results of the intervention group patients were given to the physicians before the encounter and withheld for control group patients. For intervention group patients, the physicians completed a questionnaire assessing the impact of the SF-36 on the process of care. After the visit, all patients completed a satisfaction questionnaire. The main outcome measures were the physicians' responses to standardized questions about the usefulness of the SF-36 for communication with and management of epilepsy patients and the patients' responses to standardized questions about their satisfaction with care. The physicians indicated that the SF-36 provided new information in 63% of the intervention group encounters. A change in therapy was prompted in 13%. The physicians rated the SF-36 as at least moderately useful for communication in 14% of the encounters and to management in 8%. The lower (indicating worse health status) the patients' SF-36 scale scores, the more useful the SF-36 results were rated by the physicians for communication and management. It was concluded that the routine use of health status measures may enhance patients' care.
Rare Liver Tumors

The appearance of a mass in the hepatic parenchyma may signal the presence of a myriad of systemic and focal pathological processes. Many of the more common focal liver lesions are described elsewhere in this book. The aim of this chapter is to describe imaging and pathologic findings of some of the more uncommon masses which can arise in the liver and their management. The rare adult and pediatric liver masses can mimic the more commonly encountered liver masses clinically as well as radiologically. A brief review of the literature regarding their presentation, current diagnostic approach, and treatment is presented.
Distorted Visions: Ethnocentric Forms of Education

Building on the historical and cultural roots of colonialism described in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 more fully explores the ways that biased and often racist notions of difference that have entered into the classroom through forms of official and unofficial curriculum. Western patriarchal structures that supported colonialism and other forms of domination have also created the official state schooling system and curriculum for both the colonizers and the colonized. Colonial schools were constructed in order to distribute the official knowledge of empire; access to education and the language of power were controlled by administrations that were generally wary of resistance and revolt. Some European women traveled to the colonies as missionaries and educators and played a role in the establishment of limited schooling for girls. The colonial system of education officially ended with independence movements of the twentieth century; however, much of the knowledge created and legitimized during that period are still reverberating in official and unofficial forms of contemporary education. The interests of the dominant culture created distorted images of women, the so-called third world, the primitive, savage, and irrational Other and reproduces these images through education.
Wiring diagram of the oxytocin system in the mouse brain

Abstract In the brain, oxytocin (OT) neurons make direct connections with discreet regions to regulate social behavior and diverse physiological responses. Obtaining an integrated neuroanatomical understanding of pleiotropic OT functions requires comprehensive wiring diagram of OT neurons. Here, we have created a whole-brain map of distribution and anatomical connections of hypothalamic OT neurons, and their relationship with OT receptor (OTR) expression. We used our brain-wide quantitative mapping at cellular resolution combined with a 2D flatmap to provide an intuitive understanding of the spatial arrangements of OT neurons. Then, we utilized knock-in Ot-Cre mice injected with Cre dependent retrograde monosynaptic rabies viruses and anterograde adeno associated virus to interrogate input-output patterns. We find that brain regions with cognitive functions such as the thalamus are reciprocally connected, while areas associated with physiological functions such as the hindbrain receive unidirectional outputs. Lastly, comparison between OT output and OTR expression showed no significant quantitative correlation, suggesting that OT transmission mostly occurs through indirect pathways. In summary, our OT wiring diagram provides structural and quantitative insights of distinct behavioral functions of OT neurons in the brain. Significance Statement Oxytocin (OT) neurons in the brain play an important role in socio-physiological responses. Impairment of OT signaling has been implicated in many neurodevelopmental disorders. To understand diverse OT functions in the context of discreet neural circuits, it is imperative to understand the anatomical arrangement of OT neurons across the whole brain in significant detail. Here, we have established a comprehensive brain-wide wiring diagram of OT neurons. Our anatomical and connectivity map of OT neurons includes brain-wide cell distribution, synaptic inputs, axonal outputs, and their relationships with the oxytocin receptor expression. This whole brain structural perspective of the OT system provides a foundation for understanding the diversity of neural circuits modulated by OT and will guide future circuit-based OT functional studies.
Shock in the cardiac intensive care unit: Changes in epidemiology and prognosis over time.

Background There are few studies documenting the changing epidemiology and outcomes of shock in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients. We sought to describe the changes in shock epidemiology and outcomes over time in a CICU population. Methods We included 1859 unique patients admitted to the Mayo Clinic Rochester CICU from 2007 through 2018 with an admission diagnosis of shock. Temporal trends, including mortality, were assessed across 3-year periods. Results Shock comprised 15.1% of CICU admissions during the study period, increasing from 8.8% of CICU admissions in 2007 to 21.6% in 2018 (P .1). Among patients with CS, the prevalence of ACS decreased and the prevalence of HF increased over time (P Conclusions The prevalence of shock in the CICU has increased over time, with a substantial prevalence of mixed CS. The etiology of CS has changed over the last decade with HF overtaking ACS as the most common cause of CS in the CICU.
The efficacy of SBA loans on small firm survival rates

In an attempt to support entrepreneurs, the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) offers loans to small firms. The SBA claims that it not only offers capital to small firms, but that it offers services and support to help them build capabilities. This study investigates whether the empirical evidence demonstrates an improvement in four-year survival rates for SBA-aided firms over the general population of small firms, and if there is any correlation between loan size and survival rates. Additionally, the study examines if women and minority-owned SBA-aided small firms (who are a traditionally under-represented demographic) improve their four-year survival rate. The results suggest that small firms that receive SBA loans do improve the four-year survival rate over the general population of small firms. However, loan size was not correlated with higher survival rates. The results also suggest that women-owned small firms experience a similar increase in survival rate, while minority-owned small firms do not receive a statistically significant increase.
Fiscal Stabilization and Exchange Rate Instability: A Theoretical Approach and Some Policy Conclusions Using Mexican Data

We construct a perfect foresight intertemporal general equilibrium model designed to analyze the impact of reductions in piblic spending. The model incorporates public infrastructure that enters private productions and a reserve-based government exchange rate policy. The model is estimated for Mexico and a three-year benchmark equilibrium is computed. Counterfactual simulations are carried out, with one of the conclusions being that a reduction in government spending can be inflationary. The results are sensitive to the elasticity of private output with respect to government infrastructure.
Precarious Platforms: The Paradox of Permanent Moving Images

This chapter continues the discussion of placemaking to explore frequent failures of projects aspiring to permanence. I open with a discussion of videowalls, including a proposed project by Mierle Laderman Ukeles and Dara Birnbaum’s short-lived Rio Videowall (1989) in Atlanta, whose story exposes how demographic changes and screen histories impact screen’s lives. I then narrate the brief life of the BBC Big Screens, a ten-year project in the United Kingdom, and close with a discussion of a promising yet failed initiative to create an ongoing venue for public media art in Indianapolis. These narratives of public art failures expose both the vulnerability of moving image screens in public spaces and the moving image’s own precarious position between the realms of advertising and art.
Current Approaches to Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive B-Cell Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Role of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor and Stem Cell Transplant.

Over the past two decades, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have changed the management of patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and this has led to significant improvement in their outcome. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current understanding of treatment of Ph+ ALL focusing on TKIs, alloHSCT, and novel therapies. The advent of more potent TKIs and the novel therapeutic options including blinatumomab, inotuzumab ozogamicin, and CD19 CAR-T therapy has changed the role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) and intensive chemotherapy. To avoid toxicity from the historical treatment strategies, a more individualized, targeted approach to therapy including detection and monitoring of measurable residual disease (MRD) has become of interest. The treatment of patients with Ph+ ALL has been rapidly evolving with a more individualized, targeted treatment and use of TKIs and novel therapy.
Soft pion scattering in infrared-conformal gauge-fermion theories

We consider the problem of soft scattering for the analogue of pion states in gauge-fermion theories which approach a conformal fixed point in the infrared limit. Introducing a fermion mass into such a theory will explicitly break both scale invariance and chiral symmetry, leading to confinement and a spectrum of bound states. We argue that in such a theory, the pion scattering length diverges in the limit of zero fermion mass, in sharp contrast to QCD-like theories where the chiral Lagrangian predicts a vanishing scattering length. We demonstrate this effect both with a simple dimensional argument, and in a generalized linear sigma model which we argue can be used to describe the interactions of light scalar and pseudoscalar bound states in the soft limit of a mass-deformed infrared-conformal theory. As a result, lattice calculations of pion scattering lengths could be a sensitive probe for infrared scale invariance in gauge-fermion theories.
Associations of Binge Drinking and Heavy Alcohol Use on Sugar and Fat Intake in a Cohort of Southern People Living with HIV.

AIMS To assess whether binge drinking and heavy alcohol use are associated with increased sugar and fat consumption among a Southern cohort of people living with HIV (PWH). METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of PWH enrolled in the New Orleans Alcohol use in HIV (NOAH) Study (n = 215). Binge and heavy drinking were identified through a 30-day Alcohol Timeline-Followback and dietary intake was assessed through a 24-hour dietary recall. RESULTS Participants were 65.4% male, 83.3% Black, with a mean age of 49.2 ± 9.9. Heavy drinkers consumed more total calories than abstainers (P = 0.035) and low-to-moderate drinkers (P = 0.024), and binge drinkers consumed more calories than non-binge drinkers (P = 0.025). Binge and heavy drinkers had significantly higher intake of total and saturated fat in grams. However, substantially increased caloric intake among these participants led to non-significant associations for alcohol use with high total and saturated fat intake as a percent of total energy intake (%TEI). Binge drinkers had lower odds of consuming high sugar as a %TEI (odds ratio: 0.31 [0.14, 0.68]). Additionally, sugar intake predicted total and saturated fat intake, and this association was slightly higher among binge drinkers (total fat P-value: 0.12). CONCLUSIONS In this population of PWH, while binge and heavy drinking predicted higher caloric and fat intake in grams, binge drinkers were less likely to consume a high-sugar diet. This analysis suggests that interventions focused on reduced alcohol use may be especially beneficial in reducing metabolic disease burden in PWH if supplemented with information on incorporating lower energy-dense foods with reduced fat.
Probing Gut-Brain Links in Alzheimer's Disease with Rifaximin

Gut-microbiome-inflammation interactions have been linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimers disease (AD) and other disorders. We hypothesized that treatment with rifaximin, a minimally absorbed gut-specific antibiotic, may modify the neurodegenerative process by changing gut flora and reducing neurotoxic microbial drivers of inflammation. In a pilot, open-label trial, we treated 10 subjects with mild to moderate probable AD dementia (MMSE = 17 {+/-} 3) with rifaximin for 3 months. Treatment was associated with a significant reduction in serum neurofilament-light levels (p <0.004) and a significant increase in fecal phylum Firmicutes microbiota. Serum pTau181 and GFAP levels were reduced (effect sizes of -0.41 and -0.48 respectively) but did not reach significance. There was also a non-significant downward trend in serum cytokine IL-6 and IL-13 levels. Increases in stool Erysipelatoclostridium were correlated significantly with reductions in serum pTau 181 and serum GFAP. Insights from this pilot trial are being used to design a larger placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine if specific microbial flora/products underlie neurodegeneration, and whether rifaximin is clinically efficacious as a therapeutic. Research in ContextO_ST_ABSSystematic ReviewC_ST_ABSPubMed reviews showed emerging evidence for gut-microbiome-inflammation links in Alzheimers disease (AD). InterpretationOur pilot study revealed that rifaximin, a minimally absorbed, gut-specific antibiotic, reduced surrogate markers of neurodegeneration while increasing, potentially beneficial, microbiota in phylum Firmicutes. These data provide initial support to the hypothesis that microbiome related products may play a role in neurodegenerative disorders. Future DirectionsWe plan to conduct additional human and pre-clinical studies to confirm these findings and determine the potential of rifaximin as a therapeutic for AD.
Simultaneous Optimization of Questionnaire Length and Sample Size in Marketing Research: A Matrix Sampling Approach

This paper introduces the Matrix Sampling Approach for optimal research designs in Marketing Research. Specifically, the paper presents models for a simultaneous optimization of both questionnaire designs and corresponding sample sizes for each design, using the matrix sampling methodology. The first model incorporates no overlap, which the second does. Solution procedures for both models are indicated, and simulation results presented to illustrate the use and implications of the models. The models are then applied to a known data base, and empirical findings indicate the timely usefulness of this joint optimization process in data collection procedures.
CO2 Storage and Sink Enhancements: Developing Comparable Economics

To plan for potential CO 2 mitigation mandates, utilities need better cost information on CO 2 mitigation options, especially storage and sink enhancement options that involve non-utility operations. One of the major difficulties in evaluating CO 2 storage and sink enhancement options is obtaining consistent, transparent, accurate, and comparable economics. This chapter presents a project that compares the economics of major technologies and practices under development for CO 2 storage and sink enhancement, including options for storing captured CO 2 , such as active oil reservoirs, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep aquifers, coal beds, and oceans, as well as the enhancement of biological sinks such as forests and croplands. For the geologic and ocean storage options, CO 2 capture costs from another project were added to the costs of CO 2 storage estimated in this project to provide combined costs of CO 2 capture and storage. Combined costs of CO 2 capture and storage were compared with CO 2 sink enhancement costs on a life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) avoided basis. The CO 2 storage and sink enhancement options compared in this project differ greatly in the timing and permanence of CO 2 sequestration. In addressing the timing and permanence issue, a 100-year planning horizon was assumed and the net present value of both costs and revenues was considered. The methods for comparing the economics of diverse CO 2 storage and sink enhancement options have been overviewed and representative base-case costs of storage and sink enhancement options have been compared in the chapter.
Isolation of Arcanobacterium pyogenes from the porcine gastric mucosa.

Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes is an inhabitant of the mucous membranes of the respiratory and genital tracts of a number of domestic animal species. However, following a precipitating physical or microbial insult, A. pyogenes can become an opportunistic pathogen, associated with suppurative infections. The isolation of A. pyogenes from the bovine ruminal wall indicated that this organism may also inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of, at least, cattle. To determine whether A. pyogenes was also present on the gastric mucosa of a monogastric animal, porcine stomachs were cultured for the presence of this organism. Of 13 stomachs samples. A. pyogenes was isolated from 5 (39%). The identity of the organism was confirmed by PCR with primers specific to the plo gene, which encodes the A. pyogenes haemolytic exotoxin pyolysin. In addition, an isolate from each positive stomach was subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the identification as A. pyogenes was confirmed. These data indicate that A. pyogenes may be resident on the gastric mucosa of pigs.
Update from Dairy Science Curriculum

Fall 2003 brought great change to the Dairy Science curriculum with closure of the ISU-Ames Dairy Farm after 95 years as a teaching and research unit. But, considerable opportunity came linked to the change. In the next 2 to 3 years, ISU will sell the Ankeny Dairy Farm and use the proceeds to build a state-of-the-art dairy education and research facility near Ames. In the interim, the Ankeny farm will be utilized to continue the teaching, research, and outreach missions. There has been much activity related to dairy education and research in northeast Iowa with the N.E. Iowa Community-Based Dairy Foundation farm opening in conjunction with N.E. Iowa Community College and development of the N.W. Business Partnership in dairy.
An Abstract Machine for Fixed-Order Dynamically Stratified Programs

It is known that a fixed computation rule, such as used in most logic programming systems, does not suffice for normal logic programs. For instance, SLS resolution, which evaluates programs according to the well-founded semantics, makes use of an oracle to determine the next literal to select in [5], and of ideal parallelism in [8]. Given these limits, it is natural to define a subclass of normal programs for which a fixed computation rule is adequate. This class, left-to-right dynamically stratified programs, properly includes other stratification classes.
Seismic source functions from free-field ground motions recorded on SPE: Implications for source models of small, shallow explosions

Reduced displacement potentials (RDPs) for chemical explosions of the Source Physics Experiments (SPE) in granite at the Nevada Nuclear Security Site are estimated from free-field ground motion recordings. Far-field P wave source functions are proportional to the time derivative of RDPs. Frequency domain comparisons between measured source functions and model predictions show that high-frequency amplitudes roll off as ω− 2, but models fail to predict the observed seismic moment, corner frequency, and spectral overshoot. All three features are fit satisfactorily for the SPE-2 test after cavity radius Rc is reduced by 12%, elastic radius is reduced by 58%, and peak-to-static pressure ratio on the elastic radius is increased by 100%, all with respect to the Mueller-Murphy model modified with the Denny-Johnson Rc scaling law. A large discrepancy is found between the cavity volume inferred from RDPs and the volume estimated from laser scans of the emplacement hole. The measurements imply a scaled Rc of ~5 m/kt1/3, more than a factor of 2 smaller than nuclear explosions. Less than 25% of the seismic moment can be attributed to cavity formation. A breakdown of the incompressibility assumption due to shear dilatancy of the source medium around the cavity is the likely explanation. New formulas are developed for volume changes due to medium bulking (or compaction). A 0.04% decrease of average density inside the elastic radius accounts for the missing volumetric moment. Assuming incompressibility, established Rc scaling laws predicted the moment reasonable well, but it was only fortuitous because dilation of the source medium compensated for the small cavity volume.
Utilizing the concept of geste antagoniste for conservative management of oro-mandibular tardive dyskinesia: a case report and mini-review

Objective:This case report highlights the implication of the concept of “geste antagoniste” in conservatively managing oromotor dysfunction and its complications.Clinical presentation:A 66-year-old female with a 1-year history of tardive dyskinesia (TD) was referred to the Craniofacial Pain Department (CPC) at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine for management of sore labial/lingual mucosa secondary to excessive daytime involuntary activity of the tongue, lips, and mandible. A detailed head/neck examination revealed excessive involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, and mandible with generalized tenderness of her masticatory muscles. No TMJ or bone pathology was evident in a panoramic radiograph.Intervention:A lower daytime appliance with bilateral posterior contacts was fabricated to protect her oral mucosa. On reevaluation, excessive movement of the jaw/tongue was significantly reduced with the presence of the appliance in her mouth. Face/neck muscle tenderness was also greatly reduced.Conclusi...
The regulatory hierarchy controlling sex determination and dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Publisher Summary This chapter compares and contrasts various aspects of sex determination and dosage compensation processes in Caenorhabditis elegans with their counterparts in Drosophila melanogaster and mammals. This chapter emphasizes two points. The first is that sex determination strategies that initially appear to be quite different may not in fact be so different after all. At face value, the sex-determining mechanism of C. elegans, in which the X/A ratio serves as the primary sex-determining signal, seems extremely unlike that found in mammals, where a dominant sex chromosome (the Y chromosome in males) is the primary determinant of sex. Moreover, C. elegans can be readily interconverted from the XX hermaphrodite-XO male state to a ZW female-ZZ male state, in which sex is determined by a dominant sex chromosome (the W chromosome in females), by using a combination of dominant and recessive mutations at a single sex-determining locus. Evolutionary mechanisms by which this type of change might occur, as well as examples from other organisms in which populations have been changed from one sex-determining system to another under selective pressure, have been discussed extensively in the chapter. When sex determination is considered in a broader context, as a model for studying the fundamental processes in developmental biology, the field is enriched by the finding of such diversity because it increases the number and types of developmental strategies that may be discovered and elucidated.
Strong pseudoprimes to twelve prime bases

Let $\psi_m$ be the smallest strong pseudoprime to the first $m$ prime bases. This value is known for $1 \leq m \leq 11$. We extend this by finding $\psi_{12}$ and $\psi_{13}$. We also present an algorithm to find all integers $n\le B$ that are strong pseudoprimes to the first $m$ prime bases; with a reasonable heuristic assumption we can show that it takes at most $B^{2/3+o(1)}$ time.
Machine Learning of Generalized Document Templates for Data Extraction

The purpose of this research is to reverse engineer the process of encoding data in structured documents and subsequently automate the process of extracting it. We assume a broad category of structured documents for processing that goes beyond form processing. In fact, the documents may have flexible layouts and consist of multiple and varying numbers of pages. The data extraction method (DataX) employs general templates generated by the Inductive Template Generator (InTeGen). The InTeGen method utilizes inductive learning from examples of documents with identified data elements. Both methods achieve high automation with minimal user's input.
Risk behavior of runaways who return home

Purpose: Few studies have examined the risk behaviors of youth who run away and return home. Most studies have focused on youth who end up as chronic runaways or become homeless for whom the expected trajectory is a path filled with numerous negative outcomes. Methods: Using data from a multisite phone survey of a random sample of youth aged 16–20 years (N = 1191), we present comparisons of runaways and non-runaways on demographic and background variables, alcohol and drug use, and sexual behavior (sex without birth control). Also, reasons for running away and services received after running away were examined. Results: Runaway status was strongly associated with each of the risk behaviors examined. The adjusted odds ratios for runaway status were higher for all behaviors (alcohol use, binge drinking, illegal prescription drug use, and sex without birth control) compared with the odds ratios for the other independent variables. More than half of runaways reported running away because of family problems, a...
Cross-National Analysis of the Influence of Cultural Norms and Government Restrictions on the Relationship Between Religion and Well-Being

This study examines the interaction between cultural religious norms and governmental restrictiveness as country-level moderators of the relationship between individual religiousness and well-being, including both happiness and physical health. Data come from five waves of World Values survey data from 221 separate surveys conducted in 88 countries, with data from 317,109 individuals. Three dimensions of individual religiousness were assessed, along with corresponding country-level norms aggregated from these measures. Three-way cross-level interactions were tested to examine whether the extent of government restriction modified the relationship between national religious norms and the individual-level association between religious factors and well-being outcomes. Results supported the hypothesis that self-reported religion is most strongly related to greater happiness and better self-reported health in societies where it is freely and widely practiced. In contrast, religiousness may be harmful when it is relatively deviant, and restrictions of freedom may serve to further exacerbate this effect. These results suggest that the positive association between religion and well-being is not universal, but depends upon the right to express religion freely and the opportunity to practice with like-minded others.
Informing design praxis via 2nd‐order cybernetics

Purpose – This paper aims to present lessons learned in applying 2nd‐order cybernetics – specifically Maturana and Varela's “biology of cognition” – to the actual design of interactive decision support systems.Design/methodology/approach – This consists of a review of the rationale and bases for applying 2nd‐order cybernetics in interactive IT design, the challenges in moving from theory to praxis, illustrative examples of tactics employed, and a summary of the successful outcomes achieved.Findings – The paper offers conclusions about the general applicability of such theories, two sample applications devised for actual projects, and discussion of these applications' perceived value.Research limitations/implications – The applications described are not claimed to represent a complete toolkit, and they may not readily generalize beyond the scope of interactive information systems design. On the other hand, the examples offered demonstrate that 2nd‐order cybernetics can constructively inform such designs – ...
CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS OF CHILDHOOD; AN EVALUATIVE REVIEW.

The literature on ulcerative colitis has been reviewed and selected publications dealing with various aspects of the incidence, pathology, suggested etiologies, natural history, and management of the condition have been presented and commented on. Stress has been placed on facets of the literature which might be more applicable to children with the disease. This review emphasizes the need for more careful attention to the natural course of the disease in children who display two major clinical patterns, the remitting and the chronic continuous varieties. A greater association of rectal bleeding with the remitting pattern is pointed out and the more favorable prognosis of this form of disease is discussed. Recommended treatments are examined in the light of the symptoms for which they are prescribed and of the contrasting prognoses expected in the two major clinical types.
Propionaldehyde: ab initio and semi-empirical calculations

Abstract The internal rotation of propionaldehyde about the 1–2 bond has been studied by means of ab initio calculations. The most stable conformer has methyl and carbonyl eclipsed. Increasing the 1–2 dihedral angle to 60°, 120°, and 180° gives energies of 1.7, 0.4, and 0.7 Kcal/mol, respectively. The agreement with force field calculations and with experiment is reasonable.
Micromodel investigations of CO2 exsolution from carbonated water in sedimentary rocks

Abstract In this study, carbon dioxide exsolution from carbonated water is directly observed under reservoir conditions (9 MPa and 45 °C). Fluorescence microscopy and image analysis are used to quantitatively characterize bubble formation, morphology, and mobility. Observations indicate the strong influence of interfacial tension and pore-geometry on bubble growth and evolution. Most of the gas exhibits little mobility during the course of depressurization and clogs water flow paths. However, a snap-off mechanism mobilizes a small portion of the trapped gas along the water flow paths. This feature contributes to the transport of the dispersed exsolved gas phase and the formation of intermittent gas flow. A new definition of critical gas saturation is proposed accordingly as the minimum saturation that snap-off starts to produce mobile bubbles. Low mobility of the water phase and CO 2 phase in exsolution is explained by formation of dispersed CO 2 bubbles which block water flow and lack the connectivity to create a mobile gas phase.
Protein synthesis in the rat anterior pituitary. I. Interrelationship of amino acid uptake to protein synthesis.

In the rat anterior pituitary incubated in vitro, labeled amino acid uptake proceeded exponentially with time until a constant level was reached, whereas amino acid incorporation into protein after a slight lag was linear. When trace levels of a 3H-amino acid mixture or of 3H-leucine were added to the incubation medium a large percentage of all the amino acid radioactivity found in the tissue at 150 min was in protein. In the presence of plasma levels of unlabeled amino acids in the medium, including the counterparts of the radioactive amino acids, the uptake of a 3H-amino acid mixture, 3Hleucine or 14C-glutamic acid increased steadily as the medium concentration of that amino acid(s) was raised. Incorporation into protein increased in proportion to the enhanced uptake over a variable range of amino acid concentrations. If the medium amino acid concentration was held constant, then, on a per mg basis, uptake and incorporation of a 3H-amino acid mixture increased as the weight of the pituitary decreased or...
Ecologically oriented school‐based mental health services: Implications for service system reform

In the past several years, there has been a significant growth in the number and type of school-based and school-linked initiatives across the nation. Through work with several state agencies, local school districts, and local community mental health centers, an integrated school-based mental health services model was established in more than 20 pilot schools in largely rural, under-served communities in South Carolina. The ecologically oriented program model that resulted from this initiative will be presented. Evaluative findings and implications for service system reform for a statewide school-based system of mental health care will be discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diagnostic utility of MYC amplification and anti-MYC immunohistochemistry in atypical vascular lesions, primary or radiation-induced mammary angiosarcomas, and primary angiosarcomas of other sites

Breast cancer patients who receive radiation therapy or develop chronic lymphedema following axillary dissection can develop secondary mammary angiosarcomas (ASs) and, additionally, atypical vascular lesions (AVLs) in the former group. Recently, MYC amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been identified in secondary mammary AS but not in AVL and most primary mammary AS as well as AS of other sites. We studied MYC amplification and MYC protein expression in 7 radiation-induced AVLs, 9 secondary mammary ASs, 17 primary mammary ASs, and 20 primary ASs of other sites by FISH analysis and immunohistochemistry. All 9 secondary mammary ASs showed gene amplification and protein expression, whereas neither was found in any of 7 AVLs. No MYC amplification or protein expression was identified in any of the 17 primary mammary ASs. Among primary ASs of other sites, 1 cardiac AS and 1 skin AS showed gene amplification and protein expression. The remaining 18 did not show amplification (90%), but some demonstrated protein expression (39%). We conclude that MYC amplification by FISH is present in secondary mammary AS but not in AVL. We also found MYC amplification in 1 primary skin AS and 1 primary cardiac AS. There was 100% concordance between MYC amplification and protein expression in all AVL, primary mammary AS, and secondary mammary AS, whereas only 65% concordance was found in AS of other sites. MYC protein expression in AS can be helpful in certain diagnostic scenarios in the breast but not in other sites.
Textile dye dermatitis

The literature concerning textile dye dermatitis published during the last decade was reviewed. Sixty-one cases of dye-allergic contact dermatitis in which the presentation or course of the dermatitis was unusual or the dye allergen was one not previously reported have been described. The four new dye allergens discovered were Disperse Blue 106, Disperse Blue 85, Disperse Brown 1, and Basic Red 46. The incidence of dye dermatitis varied from 1% to 15.9% depending on the country, patient sample, and number of dyes in the patch test series. The 10 new dye allergens discovered in these studies were Disperse Blue 153, Disperse Orange 13, Basic Black 1, Basic Brown 1, the acid dyes Supramine Yellow and Supramine Red, the direct dye Diazol Orange, the basic dye Brilliant Green, Turquoise Reactive, and Neutrichrome Red. Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124 were shown to be the strongest clothing dye sensitizers to date. Standard screening patch test series were found to be inadequate for the detection of textile dye sensitivity; therefore textile dye patch test series should be used. It is difficult to determine whether the incidence of dye dermatitis is increasing or decreasing because controlled epidemiologic studies are lacking, but data suggest that textile dye sensitivity is more common than previously believed.
Impact of recurrent and chronic pain on child and family daily functioning: a critical review of the literature.

The author reviewed the current status of research on the impact of recurrent and chronic pain on everyday functioning of children and families and organized the research findings around the specific life contexts (e.g., school, peers) that may be affected by pain. Although findings demonstrate that many different aspects of child and family life are affected by pain, the prevalence and severity of children's functional limitations associated with pain remain unknown. Few treatment studies for pediatric recurrent and chronic pain have focused on enhancing children's functioning. It has been shown, however, that functional outcomes can be improved by cognitive-behavioral interventions. Recommendations for research on functional outcomes and implications for clinical practice are discussed.