cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Textured films of chromium phosphate synthesized by low-temperature vapor diffusion catalysis

Abstract The application of kinetically controlled vapor diffusion catalysis to the synthesis of films of chromium phosphate produces a novel, nanostructured film morphology. The resulting material consists of a thin, flat backplane (3 μm thick) with needles of CrPO4·6H2O projecting from one surface of the film. The reaction process occurs at low temperature (25 °C) and mild pH.
Body surface charge mapping and its application to electrocardiography

We have developed a new surface-source model to account for the bioelectrical potential on the body surface. A two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional bioelectrical sources has been developed using an equivalent surface charge model. The proposed equivalent surface charge mapping technique has been evaluated by computer simulations and applied to body surface Laplacian mapping data.
In Vivo Observations on Testosterone and Estradiol-17β Protein Binding in Women

Abstract The protein binding of radioactive testosterone and estradiol was studied following in vivo injection of the steroids. Serum samples from pregnant and nonpregnant women were partitioned sequentially by continuous paper electrophoresis, Sephadex column filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Non-albumin protein binding of each steroid was found to be increased during pregnancy. The protein binding patterns of testosterone and estradiol differed with respect to the proportion bound to albumin and their more specific binding protein (s). Testosterone-binding protein (TBP) and estradiol-binding protein (EBP) could not be separated in these studies. TBP-EBP had the properties of an α2-globulin on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Coupling Toll-like receptor signaling with phagocytosis: potentiation of antigen presentation

Much attention has focused on the role of co-stimulation in dictating tolerance versus immunity to internalized antigens, with the assumption that the presentation of antigen-derived peptides by MHC molecules occurs constitutively. Here, I highlight our new appreciation for the regulated presentation of phagocytosed antigens by MHC class II molecules as a direct result of controlling phagosome maturation by Toll-like receptors. I discuss how the mode of antigen delivery into dendritic cells coupled with the right type of signal transduction pathway can impact greatly not only the co-stimulatory context in which the antigen is presented to naive T cells (signal 2) but MHC-II presentation of the antigen and formation of the T-cell receptor ligand (signal 1) itself.
The dependence of lipid asymmetry upon polar headgroup structure

The effect of lipid headgroup structure upon the stability of lipid asymmetry was investigated. Using methyl-β-cyclodextrin -induced lipid exchange, sphingomyelin (SM) was introduced into the outer leaflets of lipid vesicles composed of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol, or cardiolipin, in mixtures of all of these lipids with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and in a phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidic acid mixture. Efficient SM exchange (>85% of that expected for complete replacement of the outer leaflet) was obtained for every lipid composition studied. Vesicles containing PE mixed with anionic lipids showed nearly complete asymmetry which did not decay after 1 day of incubation. However, vesicles containing anionic lipids without PE generally only exhibited partial asymmetry, which further decayed after 1 day of incubation. Vesicles containing the anionic lipid PS were an exception, showing nearly complete and stable asymmetry. It is likely that the combination of multiple charged groups on PE and PS inhibit transverse diffusion of these lipids across membranes relative to those lipids that only have one anionic group. Possible explanations of this behavior are discussed. The asymmetry properties of PE and PS may explain some of their functions in plasma membranes.
Startup of the Fission Converter Epithermal Neutron Irradiation Facility at the MIT Reactor

A new epithermal neutron irradiation facility, based on a fission converter assembly placed in the thermal column outside the reactor core, has been put into operation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor (MITR). This facility was constructed to provide a high-intensity, forward-directed beam for use in neutron capture therapy with an epithermal flux of [approximately equal to]10{sup 10} n/cm{sup 2}.s at the medical room entrance with negligible fast neutron and gamma-ray contamination. The fission converter assembly consists of 10 or 11 MITR fuel elements placed in an aluminum tank and cooled with D{sub 2}O. Thermal-hydraulic criteria were established based on heat deposition calculations. Various startup tests were performed to verify expected neutronic and thermal-hydraulic behavior. Flow testing showed an almost flat flow distribution across the fuel elements with <5% bypass flow. The total reactivity change caused by operation of the facility was measured at 0.014 {+-} 0.002% {delta}K/K. Thermal power produced by the facility was measured to be 83.1 {+-} 4.2 kW. All of these test results satisfied the thermal-hydraulic safety criteria. In addition, radiation shielding design measurements were made that verified design calculations for the neutronic performance.
Vasopressin: a regulator of adrenal glucocorticoid production?

Vasopressin infusion has been shown to decrease plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration and transiently increase plasma cortisol concentration in conscious dogs. In the present study, one experiment tested the hypothesis that vasopressin infusion decreases ACTH by activation of a V1 receptor mechanism, e.g., by increasing atrial pressures and stimulating the low-pressure baroreceptor reflex. Administration of a vasopressin V1 antagonist eliminated the increases in atrial pressure and decreases in heart rate with vasopressin infusion (1 ng.kg-1.min-1), as it eliminated the decrease in ACTH, which is consistent with baroreflex-mediated inhibition of ACTH by vasopressin. A second experiment evaluated the role of ACTH in the increase in glucocorticoids. Dexamethasone pretreatment, which inhibits ACTH secretion, abolished the increase in glucocorticoid concentration with vasopressin infusion, indicating that ACTH is necessary for the glucocorticoid response. A third experiment was performed to determine whether the glucocorticoid response could be restored in dexamethasone-treated dogs, when ACTH concentration was maintained near control levels by intravenous infusion of synthetic alpha-ACTH-(1-24) (0.3 ng.kg-1.min-1). In these dogs, vasopressin infusion produced a sustained increase in plasma glucocorticoid concentration from 22 +/- 3 to 49 +/- 8 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). Infusing higher levels of ACTH (0.5 ng.kg-1.min-1) enhanced basal glucocorticoid levels but did not enhance the response to vasopressin. Vasopressin infusion did not alter clearance of glucocorticoids. Collectively, these results suggest that vasopressin directly stimulates adrenal glucocorticoid production, provided that background levels of ACTH are present.
Construction Risk: Multiattribute Approach

Numerous mathematical decision models have been formulated in an attempt to analyze construction risk. Most such efforts have failed because of the limited scope of their objective functions. This study presents field interview results substantiating the hypothesis that decision-making is multiattributed in nature, contrary to the implicit assumption of these other efforts. A theory is introduced which facilitates analysis of complex decisions and selection of consistent courses of action. An illustrative decision problem is solved, not only to explain the mechanics of the theory, but to demonstrate that construction risk is a function of competitive economics as well as project-related characteristics.
A Model for Estimating the Acute Health Impacts Resulting from Consumption of Contaminated Drinking Water

SIR models predict the spread of disease over time through susceptible, in- fected, and recovered populations, and are often used to design public health intervention strategies. A modified SIR model is linked to flow and transport models for distribution systems in order to predict the health risks associated with contamination events. The pro- posed framework provides information about the spatial and temporal distribution of health risks in distribution systems, and is useful for understanding the vulnerability of distribution systems to contamination, but also for designing strategies to reduce risks.
ATTITUDINAL CONCOMITANTS TO MILITARY STATUSES

investigation of non-commissioned officers in charge in the United States Air Force. The "top" sergeant is frequently described as a position in which personal role conflicts are potential. Two sets of expectations are associated with this position, one with the enforcement of the values of the military establishment, the second with respecting the values of subordinates, and these expectations are identified as frequently incompatible.' The original intent of investigation was to explore in detail this role conflict situation. Interviewing of non-commissioned officers indicated that personal role conflicts involving these sets of expectations were known. The important question which arose was the extent of resistance to the pressures of the organization which would be displayed in the presence of conflicting expectations. To explore this, a series of situational descriptions were devised. In each of the situations, an officer was described as indicating or stating to the non-commissioned officer in charge that something should be done. The situations were specifically not stated in terms of orders to the sergeant, since there is little discretion permitted in the execution of the action in this event. It was indicated in the situations that the men would not favor participating in the activity involved. The things involved in the situations were common sustaining ones such as policing the grounds because there was a cigarette butt visible, cleaning rifles because of a little dust, "beautifying" the grounds, and others which might be interpreted by the low status personnel as impositions. The respondents, the non-commissioned officers, were asked to indicate whether or not they would act on the comments of the officers. The response indicated unambiguously that they would. Interviewing indicated that the non-commissioned officers understood the desires of the officers, and essentially, that there was no excuse for not complying. Following this tack, the officers in the
A Pheromone Trap for Studying Populations of Cardiochiles nigriceps, a Parasite of Heliothis virescen

A trap potentially suitable for indexing and studying populations of Cardiochiles nigriceps Vierick, a parasite of Heliothis virescens (F.), was developed. A description of the trap and a report of its effectiveness in a tobacco field are presented. Catches of traps baited with 5 males or 5 females and placed at heights of 6, 3, and 1 foot were compared with a control. The females were attractive to both males and other females, with height of trap being important in determining sex captured. Traps baited with females captured predominantly males when placed at 1 foot, whereas they captured mostly females at 3 or 6 feet. Males attracted other males, mostly at the low height, but did not attract females.
Nonequilibrium modeling of oxygen in reflected shock tube flows

The nonequilibrium modeling of reflected shock tube flows is investigated, motivated by hypersonic vehicle design. Oxygen nonequilibrium behavior is the focus of the work due to its contribution to modeling uncertainty, specifically the vibrational-translational energy transfer process of the O2-Ar system. Two levels of vibrational nonequilibrium modeling fidelity are evaluated. The lower fidelity model is the two-temperature model that uses Millikan-White vibration relaxation rates to capture the vibrational nonequilibrium process at the macroscopic level. The higher fidelity model is the state-resolved master equation method that uses vibrational state-to-state rates to explicitly calculate the vibrational state distribution throughout the analysis. The vibrational state-to-state rates are evaluated using the forced harmonic oscillator (FHO) model and a detailed quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) analysis. The nonequilibrium models are implemented in two flow solvers to analyze reflected shock tube experiments. First, a simple method is employed of chaining two post-normal shock analyses together to simulate the vibrational nonequilibrium behavior of a particular parcel of fluid in the reflected shock tube. Second, the nonequilibrium models are implemented in a 1-D unsteady flow solver to capture the entire behavior of the reflected shock tube. Comparisons are provided between results obtained with the two different flow solvers, and the three different physical models, for two different shock tube conditions.
Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression and Acromioplasty

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression with acromioplasty is among the most commonly performed arthroscopic shoulder procedures and is an important aspect of any orthopaedic surgeon's armamentarium. This procedure is indicated for refractory subacromial bursitis and subacromial impingement. It is also a routine portion of rotator cuff repair exposure. The procedure aims to remove the subacromial bursa, which can serve as a pain generator, as well as any osteophytes on the undersurface of the acromion, which can lead to impingement and, in some circumstances, bursal-sided rotator cuff tears. Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated no benefit for this procedure as an initial treatment in patients with subacromial bursitis2,7,8, and thus this procedure is indicated only for patients with refractory subacromial bursitis. The steps of this procedure include (1) placement of the arthroscope in the subacromial space and establishment of a lateral working portal, (2) performance of a thorough subacromial bursectomy, (3) achievement of hemostasis and subperiosteal exposure of the undersurface of the acromion, and (4) smoothing of the undersurface of the acromion and removal of any anterolateral osteophytes. Outcomes after this procedure have shown significant increases in UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles), Constant, visual analog pain scale, and Simple Shoulder Test scores over the preoperative status2,5,10,11. Complications, while infrequent, are mostly related to overresection or underresection of the acromion.
Sarcoma Metastases to the Brain: A Single Institutional Experience and Review

The most frequent malignant intracranial neoplasms are secondary ones, particularly carcinomas. Sarcomas are malignant mesenchymal neoplasms with relatively rare involvement of the brain. We reviewed our own institutional experience of metastatic sarcoma …
Postischemic administration of succinate reverses the impairment of oxidative phosphorylation after cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury

Background Ischemia and reperfusion (IR) can lead to impaired myocardial mechanical function and inhibition of key metabolic enzyme systems after IR. In this study, we sought to identify the postischemic lesion in oxidative phosphorylation and hypothesized that selective substrate repletion would restore mitochondrial metabolic function during reperfusion. Methods and Results Isolated rat hearts were subjected to global ischemia (25 minutes; 37°C) and reperfusion (40 minutes). Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the cytochrome a,a 3 redox state (near infrared spectroscopy) were continuously monitored. Oxygen consumption was measured for the NADH (mitochondrial complex I) and FADH 2 (complex II) pathways in both the resting and maximal ADP-stimulated states. Myocellular oxidative phosphorylation capacity was measured using an NADPH-linked assay specific for mitochondrial ATPase. The hearts were randomized to either succinate (200 μmol/L) or control for the first 5 minutes of reperfusion after ischemia. IR in the control group resulted in an impairment of NADH (complex I) oxidative phosphorylation capacity (1.4±0.4* versus control 3.9±0.6 nmol ATP/min/ mg) and depressed LVDP (49±3% of baseline; P<.05). The oxidative phosphorylation capacity for the succinate-using FADH 2 pathway remained intact (2.6±0.3 versus 2.4±0.4). Postischemic succinate administration enhanced LVDP recovery after IR (89±8% of baseline; P<.05). Diminished electron transport resulted in depletion of electrons from cytochrome a,a 3 during ischemia and early reperfusion, which was reversed by providing succinate as substrate. Conclusions Cardiac ischemia and reperfusion results in a defect at mitochondrial complex I but not complex II. Cytochrome a,a 3 undergoes anomalous oxidation during ischemia. Postischemic administration of succinate infusion restores the cytochrome a,a 3 redox state balance and myocardial function after IR.
Oligopolistic Competition with Scaling of Characteristics

In Chapters 8 and 9 we have assumed that quality characteristics were cardinally measurable and, therefore, capable of immediate incorporation as variables in analytical and simulation analysis. Now we must deal with the difficult task of “scalin” characteristics which are qualities that are not at the present time directly “measurable” in the meaning of Chapter 1 or with attributes which can be measured only in a nominal 0–1 manner. The procedure in this chapter moves from scaling at the product or brand level to study competition without tacit collusion to price-nonprice competition in a collusive context, and from general functional forms in closed analysis to specific forms in simulation runs.
Reading Achievement and Reading Efficacy Changes for Middle School Students With Disabilities Through Blended Learning Instruction

This study evaluated the effects of a blended learning instructional experience for sixth-grade students in an English/language arts (ELA) course. Students at two treatment schools participated in ...
Understanding heavy lake-effect snowfall: The vertical structure of radar reflectivity in a deep snowband over and downwind of lake Ontario

AbstractThe distribution of radar-estimated precipitation from lake-effect snowbands over and downwind of Lake Ontario shows more snowfall in downwind areas than over the lake itself. Here, two nonexclusive processes contributing to this are examined: the collapse of convection that lofts hydrometeors over the lake and allows them to settle downwind; and stratiform ascent over land, due to the development of a stable boundary layer, frictional convergence, and terrain, leading to widespread precipitation there. The main data sources for this study are vertical profiles of radar reflectivity and hydrometeor vertical velocity in a well-defined, deep long-lake-axis-parallel band, observed on 11 December 2013 during the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) project. The profiles are derived from an airborne W-band Doppler radar, as well as an array of four K-band radars, an X-band profiling radar, a scanning X-band radar, and a scanning S-band radar.The presence of convection offshore is evident from dee...
The Traceback Problem

In this chapter, we model the network based attacks and formulate the traceback problem to be studied.
Change in Leukocyte Telomere Length Predicts Mortality in Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease from the Heart and Soul Study.

Author(s): Goglin, Sarah E; Farzaneh-Far, Ramin; Epel, Elissa S; Lin, Jue; Blackburn, Elizabeth H; Whooley, Mary A | Abstract: BackgroundShort telomere length independently predicts mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Whether 5-year change in telomere length predicts subsequent mortality in patients with coronary heart disease has not been evaluated.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study of 608 individuals with stable coronary artery disease, we measured leukocyte telomere length at baseline and after five years of follow-up. We divided the sample into tertiles of telomere change: shortened, maintained or lengthened. We used Cox survival models to evaluate 5-year change in telomere length as a predictor of mortality.ResultsDuring an average of 4.2 years follow-up, there were 149 deaths. Change in telomere length was inversely predictive of all-cause mortality. Using the continuous variable of telomere length change, each standard deviation (325 base pair) greater increase in telomere length was associated with a 24% reduction in mortality (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.94; p = 0.01), adjusted for age, sex, waist to hip ratio, exercise capacity, LV ejection fraction, serum creatinine, and year 5 telomere length. Mortality occurred in 39% (79/203) of patients who experienced telomere shortening, 22% (45/203) of patients whose telomere length was maintained, and 12% (25/202) of patients who experienced telomere lengthening (pl0.001). As compared with patients whose telomere length was maintained, those who experienced telomere lengthening were 56% less likely to die (HR 0.44, 95% CI, 0.23-0.87).ConclusionsIn patients with coronary heart disease, an increase in leukocyte telomere length over 5 years is associated with decreased mortality.
Gender Differences in Online High School Courses

Prior research has suggested that there may be differences in the ways that male and female students approach their online courses. Using data for 802 high school students enrolled in 14 online courses, this study explored gender differences in the interrelationships among online behaviors and course performance. The findings show that females were more active than males and that a higher degree of online activity and discussion forum viewing and posting was associated with better final grades, but the correlation was stronger for males than it was for females. Further exploration of posting behaviors revealed that females who received lower final grades were more active than males who received lower grades—they viewed more posts, wrote more posts, and wrote longer posts. These gender differences have implications for researchers, course providers, and course designers.
A quantitative method for evaluating the complexity of implementing and performing game features in physically-interactive gamified applications

Gamification aims to implement game features in non-game contexts, with the goal of increasing the motivation of individuals performing a specific task or set of tasks. The tasks themselves, can focus on cognitive behavior change (e.g., overcoming anxiety) or physical behavior change (e.g., overcoming a shoulder injury). Current gamification methods primarily serve as guidelines and principles for the design of gamified applications. Moreover, these methods often overlook the complexity of actually implementing the game features and do not consider the effects that game features have on individuals' ability to perform a target task. A knowledge gap exists in understanding the tradeoffs between the complexity of implementing a game feature and the impact it has on increasing individuals' motivation and performance on a particular task or set of tasks. This paper presents a method for evaluating the complexity of implementing game features and the physical effort required to perform the tasks of the application, with a specific focus on physically-interactive gamified applications. Designers will gain a fundamental understanding of how the implementation of specific game features, contributes toward the objective of the application. A case study is presented that focuses on physically-interactive gamified applications in a virtual environment. Empirical results measuring the effects of game features on participants' performance are presented, which provide evidence in support of the metrics proposed in this study. Knowledge gained from this work will inform designers on how to manage their resources more efficiently and predict possible design issues (e.g., not meeting the objective of the application) while creating gamification applications. A method to evaluate and select game features for gamified applications is proposed.User performance is positively correlated to the effort required to perform a task.An effort threshold exists for which user's performance will decrease significantly.User performance can be negatively affected by the implementation of game features.Game feature effect is mediated by the effort of the target and its indirect tasks.
Mental Health Treatment Utilization in OIF/OEF National Guard and Reserve Troops With and Without DSM Diagnoses

Military service members have an increased risk of developing mental health (MH) problems following deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan, yet only a small percentage seek mental health treatment. The aim of the present study was to explore patterns of MH service utilization within the first 12 months following return from combat deployment. Participants were 169 service members who had returned from war-zone deployment in either Iraq or Afghanistan and had assessments covering a 12-month period following their homecoming. The authors first examined the prevalence of mental health diagnoses and engagement with mental health treatment (e.g., visits to the emergency room, inpatient hospitalization, individual therapy, group therapy, family or couple therapy, medication appointments, and self-help). Regression analyses explored whether distress, functioning, diagnoses, or social support predicted treatment use. Findings indicated that 28 of 50 military service members (56%) who met diagnostic criteria for a mental health disorder accessed services in the year following their return from deployment. Individual treatment was the most common modality, and those with major depressive disorder (MDD) reported the most treatment contacts. Social support was not associated with use of mental health services. Baseline functioning and psychiatric distress predicted entry into treatment whereas only psychiatric distress predicted amount of mental health service use in the 12-month postdeployment period. Findings highlight the need for enhanced strategies to link those reporting psychiatric distress with MH treatment services and increase community connectedness regardless of whether they meet full criteria for a mental health diagnosis. (PsycINFO Database Record
ONE-DIMENSIONAL FLOWS WITH STRAIGHT PARTICLE VELOCITY CONTOURS

Integral equations expressing the conservation of mass and momentum are used to derive properties of flows with straight particle velocity contours, and a model solution for a shock-induced flow that attains a steady-state is presented to provide a better understanding of flows with such properties.
Evaluation of Fourteen Aurone Derivatives as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents

Background Aurones are a sub-set of the flavone family that possess a number of biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic and anti-viral. Due to their high availability, simple synthesis, and generally low toxicity, aurones could be attractive candidates for safer cancer drugs. This study aims to evaluate the anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis activity of a series of synthesized aurone derivatives. Methods A series of aurone derivatives with simple unsubstituted coumaranone (benzofuranone) fragments and a range of alkylidene fragments have been prepared and tested for anti-proliferation activity against human cancer cell lines A549 (lung), BT20 (breast) and MCF7 (breast), and antimetastasis activity against A549. Results Several of these compounds displayed significant levels of activity and high levels of selectivity for the inhibition of the growth of cancerous cell lines versus the corresponding normal cell lines. This growth inhibition was found to be associated with the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Moreover, several aurone derivatives showed remarkable inhibition on the motility of lung cancer cells A549 at a concentration as low as 6.25 μM. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship revealed that the aurone derivatives based upon five-membered heteroaromatic rings exhibited the most significant anti-cancer activity. Conclusion Aurone derivatives devoid of the unusual oxygenation found in the coumaranone fragment are potential leads for new anti-cancer agents.
Tracing Development and Cell Lineages in Human Hemopoietic Neoplasia

Cellular mosaicism based on X-chromosome inactivation with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as a marker was used to investigate human hemopoietic neoplasms. The data indicate that chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) is a clonal disease that involves a stem cell pluripotent for B lymphoid as well as myeloid cells. Although T cells may also arise from this stem cell, this question has not been definitively resolved. Elements that make up the in vitro hemopoietic microenvironment may be derived from the same stem cell in CML that gives rise to the clonal blood cells. By inference, there may be a pluripotent stem cell in normal people that is common to marrow stromal and hemopoietic cells. Acute myeloid leukemia is heterogeneous with respect to the pattern of stem cell involvement and the nature of remission. In some patients the disease involves stem cells with multipotent differentiative expression, whereas in others it involves progenitors with differentiative expression restricted to the granulocytic pathway. In some patients in remission the marrow is repopulated by normal stem cells, whereas in others, clonally derived stem cells persist. The two types of remission may not be distinguishable by morphologic or cytogenetic criteria. Lastly, data are presented that suggest that myeloid leukemias have a multi-step pathogenesis with clonal proliferation of marrow stem cells preceding acquisition of distinctive chromosomal, morphologic, and clinical abnormalities.
Exploring relationships between the coach-initiated motivational climate and psychological coping skills over the high school American football season:

This study investigated the relationship between the perceived coach-initiated motivational climate and psychological coping skills over a competitive high school football season as well as changes...
Uncovering the structure of agreeableness from self-report measures.

Objective: Although there are several models of the lower-order structure of Agreeableness, empirically derived descriptions of this domain are largely non-existent. We examined the factor structure of Agreeableness items from multiple scales in order to empirically determine the facet-level structure of the domain. Method: Participants (N = 1205; 73% female; 84% White; M age = 35.5, SD = 17.26) completed 131 items from 22 scales measuring Agreeableness. Results: A series of factor analyses were conducted on 104 items to identify factor emergence of the domain, from a single factor to increasingly more specific factors. A five-factor solution consisting of facets labeled Compassion, Morality, Trust, Affability, and Modesty was identified as most appropriate. Factors from all levels of the construct were compared to current measures of the domain as well as a number of criterion variables. The patterns of association with criterion variables at the lower-level of the Agreeableness domain showed significant divergence. Discussion: The current results highlight how specific Agreeableness traits unfold from broader to more specific facets and how these traits are represented in existing measures of this important domain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Genome-Wide, Mapped Algal Mutant Library Enables High-Throughput Genetic Studies in a Photosynthetic Eukaryote

Photosynthetic organisms provide food and energy for nearly all life on Earth, yet half of their genes remain uncharacterized. Characterization of gene functions could be greatly accelerated by new genetic resources in unicellular model organisms. We have generated a genome-wide, indexed library of mapped insertion mutants for the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which includes disruptions in 83% of nuclear genes. The abundance of individual mutants can be tracked with unique DNA barcodes, allowing the library to be screened as a pool. We demonstrated the power of this platform by performing a genome-wide screen that identified 3,109 mutants with defects in photosynthetic growth. Multiple alleles allowed identification of 44 genes required for photosynthesis, 21 of which are novel. Characterization of one of these genes, CPL3, showed it is important for photosystem I activity. The availability of the 62,389 mutants in our library will accelerate characterization of gene functions in photosynthetic eukaryotes.
SOME CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE HISTORY OF ETHICS OF DIAGNOSIS

The medical morality of any society is, for the most part, roughly congruous with the broader moral perceptions of that society. Medical ethics, as a subset of any society’s ethics, may be as varied as the society’s ethics is pluralistic and as muddled as the society’s ethics is confused. Whenever and wherever that which can be called medicine (even if it is a magico-religious medicine) is practiced by individuals who function as healers in society (even if their healing role is only one of several of their functions), there is an ethical framework in which such healing activities occur. This is true even in societies in which there was no medical literature, much less a distinct genre of medical ethics. But most of the diverse issues that today constitute bioethics first arose in the literature only when social, religious, philosophical, or economic change or scientific and tehnological advances created new moral conundrums or highlighted either certain ethical presuppositions or operative ethical strictures that required examination and clarification. Obviously the development and implementation of new medical technology have created and continue to create ethical dilemmas. Furthermore, new bioethical categories are sometimes created when aspects of medical epistemology or procedures are first examined with a view to their ethical implications or are examined afresh.
“We're Fighting Two Different Battles Here”: An Exploration of African American Women's Definitions of Self at Predominately White Schools

Using Black feminist thought and the sociocultural model of the self, this paper explores the relationship between race and gender in the self-definitions of African American women attending predominately white colleges and universities. The African American women who participated in the study, suggest that knowledge generated about the self pushes us beyond the categorical thinking that limits our ability to understand the complexity of the self. Data from 13 interviews conducted at two predominately white schools is presented and analyzed. Using this data, I present a way of thinking about the identity of African American women that demonstrates the complexity of defining self within the narrow confines of “race” and “gender.”
Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flows around Airfoil and Wing

During the last years the simulation of compressible viscous flows has received much attention. While the numerical methods were improved drastically — discontinuous flows can now be well resolved with high-order, non-linear, upwind schemes [1]; the computing times have significantly been reduced by implicit or multigrid techniques [2] — a satisfactory modeling of the Reynolds stresses is still missing. Thus, even if with the present generation of supercomputers, the computation of flows around complete aircrafts has become possible [3,4], the computation of realistic separated flows remains unpractical on complex geometries. In this paper, after a short description of the numerical procedure used for solving the Reynolds equations, experiments with a promising simple turbulence model [5] are discussed.
Cat-Scratch Lymphadenitis

Cat-scratch lymphadenitis is a nodal manifestation of infection by Bartonella henselae characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a self-limited infection by B. henselae transmitted via cats, usually by a scratch, but also by bites or licking. Cats are usually asymptomatic carriers of the bacterium located within circulating feline erythrocytes. The bacterium is transmitted to kittens via fleas. B. henselae is a gram-negative bacillus that is best visualized in tissue material using the Warthin-Starry silver stain. Most patients with CSD are young, under 18 years of age, and they develop lymphadenopathy, commonly unilateral, 1–3 weeks following a cat-inflicted wound. Lymphadenopathy may be accompanied by constitutional symptoms, such as fever, fatigue, or generalized pains. In immunocompetent individuals, CSD is a self-limited infection that lasts 6–12 weeks if untreated. Detection of circulating IgM and/or IgG antibodies against B. henselae provides a useful serologic marker for the disease.
How Valid Is Grit in the Postsecondary Context? A Construct and Concurrent Validity Analysis.

College admissions leaders increasingly desire to incorporate non-cognitive factors like grit into admissions decisions. Consequently, we examined the validity of the short grit scale (Grit-S) using data collected on undergraduates attending 38 colleges. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), we found that Grit-S does not possess adequate model fit; however, a modified version of the scale does possess this property. Using multi-group CFA, we also found that Grit-S is relatively invariant across multiple demographic groups. Next, we examined the concurrent validity of grit with students’ engagement, perceived gains, time spent studying, and grades. These results confirmed previous research that most of the predictive power of grit is contained in its perseverance of effort, not consistency of interest, dimension.
Retrospective evaluation of decision-making for pancreatic stereotactic MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy.

Abstract Background/Purpose Stereotactic-magnetic-resonance-guided-online-adaptive-radiotherapy (SMART) is a promising tool for pancreas stereotactic-body-radiotherapy. Our online-adaptive-radiotherapy (On-ART) process relies on daily image overview by the managing radiation-oncologist, who determines the need for creating a predicted plan if significant interfractional anatomical changes are noted. Predicted plans are achieved through applying the baseline plan on deformed and manually adjusted contours based on daily imaging. If the dose to the target volume or organs-at-risk (OARs) violate constraints, an adapted plan is generated and delivered for treatment. In-depth review of daily images and deformed contours is limited by time and inter-observer variations. This study evaluates the reliability of our On-ART decision-making process. All fractions retrospectively underwent a predicted plan for off-line decision-making to adapt (Off-ART). Decisions to adapt were compared using On-ART and Off-ART approaches. Material/Methods Thirty-five sets of daily images were analyzed from seven patients who underwent five fractions of SMART. Each OAR was fully re-contoured off-line by the same physician for each fraction. Off-ART decision was re-evaluated for each fraction. Results N = 14/35 fractions were adapted based on On-ART decision-making versus N = 25/35 with Off-ART. The concordance between On-ART and Off-ART decision was 87.5% for the 16 fractions using a predicted plan online and 42% for the 19 fractions using only visual image review for On-ART decision-making. Conclusions Daily-image visual review is not reliable to determine benefit or not for adaptive radiation-therapy. Online predicted plan, based on deformed and manually adjusted contours, should be generated for every fraction that is delivered using SMART in order to reliably optimize treatment plans daily.
Utilizing a two nurse timeout process to eliminate errors during chemotherapy administration.

237Background: Chemotherapeutic agents are listed as high risk medications at Cleveland Clinic, and have long been included on the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) List of High Alert ...
Teaching and assessing gifted students in STEM disciplines through the augmented theory of successful intelligence

In this article, I discuss the application of an augmented theory of successful intelligence to identification, teaching, and assessment of the gifted in STEM disciplines. The theory holds that gif...
Inpatient Mortality After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis.

Objectives:Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare, life-threatening condition that affects the paranasal sinuses. The standard of care after diagnosis includes surgical debridement and aggressive...
Flux-driven quantum spin liquids in kagome optical lattices

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) define an exotic class of quantum ground states where spins are disordered down to zero temperature. We propose routes to QSLs in kagome optical lattices using applied flux. An optical flux lattice can be applied to induce a uniform flux and chiral three-spin interactions that drive the formation of a gapped chiral spin liquid. A different approach based on recent experiments using laser-assisted tunneling and lattice tilt implements a staggered flux pattern which can drive a gapless spin liquid with symmetry protected nodal lines. Our proposals, therefore, establish kagome optical lattices with effective flux as a powerful platform for exploration of QSLs.
READING BETWEEN THE LINES: HEALTH LITERACY AMONG OLDER ADULTS: Session 212

Abstract Adequate health literacy is necessary for effective communication between healthcare professionals and patients. Health literacy is defined as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions (Ratzan et al., 2000). An individual's health literacy is impacted by factors unique to the individual, the culture, and the social context. Studies have estimated poor health literacy in 27-44% of the population (Gazmararian et al., 1999). Understanding who is at risk for low health literacy, and knowing how to assess and intervene with these patients is of utmost importance for healthcare providers. In addition, there are special populations and circumstances under which adequate health literacy may be even more critical; namely, during end-of-life decision making and with patients who have limited access to healthcare. The presenters of this symposium work in two different areas of geriatric medicine that are relevant to the discussion of health literacy among older and/or chronically ill patients: Home Based Primary Care (HBPC) and Palliative Care. HBPC is a national program within Veterans Affairs hospitals designed to provide longitudinal care for medically complex, frail, elderly Veterans in their home. The interdisciplinary HBPC treatment team consists of primary care physicians, nurses, social workers, dietitians, pharmacists, kinesiotherapists, psychiatrists, and psychologists. Many of the patients enrolled in HBPC live in rural areas, and would otherwise lack access to appropriate care; they are thus a vulnerable population, and having a comprehensive understanding of their ability to utilize health-related information is critical. Palliative Care is an area of medicine in which patients are asked to make complex, serious decisions about their healthcare. These patients, too, are vulnerable; having healthcare providers who understand their unique circumstance is important.
Advanced spectroscopic techniques for plant disease diagnostics. A review

Abstract Timely plant pathogen diagnostics can save up to 50% of the total agricultural yield worldwide. Current molecular and imaging methods for detection and identification of plant diseases have many limitations. This sparked interest in the development of minimally invasive and substrate general spectroscopic techniques that can be used directly in the field for confirmatory plant disease diagnostics. This review discusses recent progress in development of reflectance, infrared, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for detection and identification of plant diseases. It also shows advantages and disadvantages of these optical spectroscopy methods compared to the most common molecular and imaging techniques.
Availability of Hospital Resources and Specialty Services for Stroke Care in North Carolina.

Objectives Effective regionalization of acute stroke care requires assessment and coordination of limited hospital resources. We described the availability of stroke-specific hospital resources (neurology specialty physicians and neuro-intensive care unit [neuro-ICU] bed capacity) for North Carolina overall and by region and population density. We also assessed daily trends in hospital bed availability. Methods This statewide descriptive study was conducted with data from the State Medical Asset Resource Tracking Tool (SMARTT), a Web-based system used by North Carolina to track available medical resources within the state. The SMARTT system was queried for stroke-specific physician and bed resources at each North Carolina hospital during a 1-year period (June 2015-May 2016), including daily availability of neuro-ICU beds. We compared hospital resources by geographic region and population density (metropolitan, urban, and rural). Results Data from 108 acute care hospitals located in 75 of 100 counties in North Carolina were included in the analysis. Fifty-seven percent of hospitals had no neurology specialty physicians. Western and eastern North Carolina had the lowest prevalence of these physicians. Most hospitals (88%) had general ICUs, whereas only 17 hospitals (16%) had neuro-ICUs. Neuro-ICUs were concentrated in metropolitan areas and in central North Carolina. On average, there were 276 general ICU and 27 neuro-ICU beds available statewide each day. Daily neuro-ICU bed availability was lowest in eastern and southeastern regions and during the week compared with weekends. Conclusions In North Carolina, stroke-specific hospital subspecialists and resources are not distributed evenly across the state. Daily bed availability, particularly in neuro-ICUs, is lacking in rural areas and noncentral regions and appears to decrease on weekdays. Regionalization of stroke care needs to consider the geographic distribution and daily variability of hospital resources.
Membranes at Quantum Criticality

We propose a quantum theory of membranes designed such that the ground-state wavefunction of the membrane with compact spatial topology Σh reproduces the partition function of the bosonic string on worldsheet Σh. The construction involves worldvolume matter at quantum criticality, described in the simplest case by Lifshitz scalars with dynamical critical exponent z = 2. This matter system must be coupled to a novel theory of worldvolume gravity, also exhibiting quantum criticality with z = 2. We first construct such a nonrelativistic ``gravity at a Lifshitz point'' with z = 2 in D+1 spacetime dimensions, and then specialize to the critical case of D = 2 suitable for the membrane worldvolume. We also show that in the second-quantized framework, the string partition function is reproduced if the spacetime ground state takes the form of a Bose-Einstein condensate of membranes in their first-quantized ground states, correlated across all genera.
Advances in Insulating Thermal Conductive Composite Filled with BN

Recently,the preparation of insulating thermal conductive composites mixed with thermally conductive filler has become the research hotspot.The recent progress was summarized about the study of thermally conductive plastics and rubbers filled with boron nitride(BN).It is found that the surface treatment of inorganic filler can enhance the compatibility of polymer matrix and filler,the heat contact resistance decreases.Moreover,embedding of multi-modal filler in polymer matrix can make the contacting area among the particles increase with the addition of the appropriate content of filler,which can effectively improve the thermal conductivity of polymer matrix.The typically theoretical model and thermal conducting mechanism of composites were reviewed.The approaches to improve the thermal conductivity of polymer materials were also discussed.