cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of rectified currents in far-field RF sheaths and in SOL losses of HHFW power on NSTX

Abstract Radio-frequency (RF) rectification is an important sheath phenomenon for wave heating of plasma in fusion devices and is proposed to be the mechanism responsible for converting high-harmonic fast-wave (HHFW) power in the National Spherical Torus eXperiment (NSTX) into a heat flux to the divertor. RF rectification has two aspects: current rectification and voltage rectification, and, while the latter is emphasized in many application, we demonstrate the importance of current rectification in analysis of the NSTX divertor during HHFW heating. When rectified currents are accounted for in first-principle models for the heat flux to the tiles, we predict a sizeable enhancement for the heat flux in the presence of an RF field: for one case studied, the predicted heat flux increases from 0.103 MW/m2 to 0.209 MW/m2. We also demonstrate how this rectification scales with injected HHFW power by tracking probe characteristics during a HHFW power ramp; the rectified current may be clamped at a certain level. This work is important for minimizing SOL losses of HHFW power in NSTX-U but may also have implications for near-field studies of ICRF antennae: ignoring rectified current may lead to underestimated heat fluxes and overestimated rectified voltages.
An Analysis of a Pay-Per-View Article Token Report: Lessons for Better Understanding Value and Reporting

Pay-per-view (PPV) models for article acquisition continue to mature, but there are still questions as to whether they offer good value to libraries. This study presents the results of a close anal...
Thermoplastics and thermoplastic–matrix composites for lightweight automotive structures

Abstract This chapter discusses the properties, processing methods, and design issues for thermoplastics and thermoplastic–matrix composites used for automotive applications. It starts with a brief review of the important characteristics of thermoplastic polymers, differences in design considerations for metals and thermoplastics, and injection molding process, the most common manufacturing method for producing thermoplastic parts in the automotive industry. It then discusses the properties and processing of various thermoplastic–matrix composites reinforced with short fibers, long fibers, glass mat, glass fabric, unidirectional fibers, self-reinforcement, natural fibers, and nanoreinforcements. It also describes various joining methods commonly used for thermoplastic–matrix composite parts.
Quantitative evaluation of statistical inference in resting state functional MRI

Modern statistical inference techniques may be able to improve the sensitivity and specificity of resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) connectivity analysis through more realistic characterization of distributional assumptions. In simulation, the advantages of such modern methods are readily demonstrable. However quantitative empirical validation remains elusive in vivo as the true connectivity patterns are unknown and noise/artifact distributions are challenging to characterize with high fidelity. Recent innovations in capturing finite sample behavior of asymptotically consistent estimators (i.e., SIMulation and EXtrapolation - SIMEX) have enabled direct estimation of bias given single datasets. Herein, we leverage the theoretical core of SIMEX to study the properties of inference methods in the face of diminishing data (in contrast to increasing noise). The stability of inference methods with respect to synthetic loss of empirical data (defined as resilience) is used to quantify the empirical performance of one inference method relative to another. We illustrate this new approach in a comparison of ordinary and robust inference methods with rs-fMRI.
Peptide YY antagonizes beta-adrenergic-stimulated release of insulin in dogs.

Peptide YY (PYY) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are peptides of 36 amino acids that share structural homologies with pancreatic polypeptide (PP). PP is predominantly found in the endocrine pancreas. PPY is primarily found in mucosal endocrine cells of the distal ileum, colon, and rectum, whereas NPY is found in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Previous studies indicate that these peptides can interact with the autonomic nervous system. The objective of the present experiments was to study the effect of PYY on neurally stimulated insulin release [i.e., in response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a nonmetabolizable glucose analogue] in conscious dogs. Intravenous administration of PYY (100, 200, and 400 pmol.kg-1.h-1) reduced 2-DG-stimulated insulin release in a dose-dependent manner (P less than 0.05) without affecting plasma glucose levels. Administration of NPY (800 pmol.kg-1.h-1), but not PP (400 pmol.kg-1.h-1), reduced 2-DG-stimulated release of insulin (P less than 0.05). The inhibitory action of PYY on 2-DG-stimulated insulin release persisted in the presence of atropine or phentolamine treatment; however, hexamethonium alone or phentolamine plus propranolol treatment blocked the inhibitory action of PYY. Release of insulin stimulated by the beta-agonist isoproterenol was also inhibited by PYY (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that PYY can inhibit autonomic neurotransmission by a mechanism that may involve ganglionic or postganglionic inhibition of beta-adrenergic stimulation. Our findings suggest a role for PYY and NPY in the autonomic regulation of insulin release.
A Model of Firm Costs of Compliance with Food Labeling Regulations

One of the most publicized and controversial issues in the food industry today is whether food labels convey the appropriate product information to consumers. Given the current emphasis on good nutrition and a healthy diet, consumers are demanding new and improved product information. Under the authority of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the size, appearance, and content of food labels. FDA periodically considers revisions to food labeling regulations as well as new regulations to better meet consumer needs.
Built-in Graphics: Pictures, pictures everywhere

This chapter reviews the built-in graphics commands featured in Mathematica. The basic graphics plotting commands in Mathematica are very simple to use. The main thing to be learned is how to use the optional arguments for these functions. They all end in Plot or Plot3D so the commands ?*Plot and ?*Plot3D give all such expressions. When using a Notebook frontend, the Function Browser contains a great deal of information about possible values of optional arguments. There are certain standard values that frequently work for different optional arguments. Plot has two arguments, the first being either a function or a list of functions and the second being an iterator. Plot3D adds many new options, although some of them are also options for DensityPlot. ParametricPlot3D plots parametric surfaces and parametric curves in three-dimensional space. Animations are most conveniently made in a Notebook frontend environment by using a Do loop that evaluates a sequence of expressions controlled by a simple iterator.
Functioning Among Typically Developing Siblings of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

The literature on typically developing siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD-Sibs) provides inconsistent results, with some studies reporting ASD-Sibs are more likely to have negative outcomes than comparison groups, and others reporting no significant differences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to meta-analytically aggregate study effect sizes to more accurately calculate the degree to which ASD-Sibs function similarly or differently compared to siblings of people who do not have ASD. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they had a sample of ASD-Sibs older than 5; reported on emotional, psychological, behavioral, or social functioning; and provided information necessary for calculating relevant effect sizes. Results from 69 independent samples indicated that ASD-Sibs have significantly more negative outcomes than comparison groups overall (g = − 0.26); specific areas of functioning in which ASD-Sibs fared worse include internalizing behavior problems, psychological functioning, beliefs, social functioning, and the sibling relationship, but no significant differences in adjustment, attention/hyperactivity, externalizing behavior problems, coping, or family functioning. Noteworthy sub-areas of functioning in which ASD-Sibs also fared worse included beliefs about disability (g = − 0.56), anxiety symptoms (g = − 0.25), and depression symptoms (g = − 0.36). In terms of comparison group, ASD-Sibs had significantly lower functioning than siblings of individuals with other intellectual and developmental disabilities (g = − 0.31), including Down syndrome (g = − 0.40) and siblings of individuals without any disabilities (g = − 0.31). Clinicians and service providers should work to ensure that ASD-Sibs are included in family interventions and support strategies, and researchers should further explore individual differences that may relate to enhanced or impaired functioning in ASD-Sibs.
Estimating C4 photosynthesis parameters by fitting intensive A/Ci curves.

Measurements of photosynthetic assimilation rate as a function of intercellular CO2 (A/Ci curves) are widely used to estimate photosynthetic parameters for C3 species, yet few parameters have been reported for C4 plants, because of a lack of estimation methods. Here, we extend the framework of widely used estimation methods for C3 plants to build estimation tools by exclusively fitting intensive A/Ci curves (6–8 more sampling points) for C4 using three versions of photosynthesis models with different assumptions about carbonic anhydrase processes and ATP distribution. We use simulation analysis, out of sample tests, existing in vitro measurements and chlorophyll-fluorescence measurements to validate the new estimation methods. Of the five/six photosynthetic parameters obtained, sensitivity analyses show that maximal-Rubisco-carboxylation-rate, electron-transport-rate, maximal-PEP-carboxylation-rate, and carbonic-anhydrase were robust to variation in the input parameters, while day respiration and mesophyll conductance varied. Our method provides a way to estimate carbonic anhydrase activity, a new parameter, from A/Ci curves, yet also shows that models that do not explicitly consider carbonic anhydrase yield approximate results. The two photosynthesis models, differing in whether ATP could freely transport between RuBP and PEP regeneration processes yielded consistent results under high light, but they may diverge under low light intensities. Modeling results show selection for Rubisco of low specificity and high catalytic rate, low leakage of bundle sheath, and high PEPC affinity, which may further increase C4 efficiency.
Total Quality Management, Concurrent Engineering and Manufacturing Performance: An Empirical Investigation:

AbstractThe purpose of the research is to empirically investigate the relationships among the dimensions of total quality management, concurrent engineering, and manufacturing performance for a sam...
Lessons from counterpart searches in LIGO and Virgo’s third observing campaign

No confirmed counterparts during LIGO and Virgo’s third observing run bring more questions than answers to the active multi-messenger community, which is adapting collaboratively and technically as expectations evolve and more data are taken.
Targeting of the Hedgehog/GLI and mTOR pathways in advanced pancreatic cancer, a phase 1 trial of Vismodegib and Sirolimus combination.

Abstract Background/Objectives Preclinical data indicated a functional and molecular interaction between Hedgehog (HH)/GLI and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways promoting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A phase I study was conducted of Vismodegib and Sirolimus combination to evaluate maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and preliminary anti-tumor efficacy. Methods Cohort I included advanced solid tumors patients following a traditional 3 + 3 design. Vismodegib was orally administered at 150 mg daily with Sirolimus starting at 3 mg daily, increasing to 6 mg daily at dose level 2. Cohort II included only metastatic PDAC patients. Anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated every two cycles and target assessment at pre-treatment and after a single cycle. Results Nine patient were enrolled in cohort I and 22 patients in cohort II. Twenty-eight patients were evaluated for dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). One DLT was observed in each cohort, consisting of grade 2 mucositis and grade 3 thrombocytopenia. The MTD for Vismodegib and Sirolimus were 150 mg daily and 6 mg daily, respectively. The most common grade 3–4 toxicities were fatigue, thrombocytopenia, dehydration, and infections. A total of 6 patients had stable disease. No partial or complete responses were observed. Paired biopsy analysis before and after the first cycle in cohort II consistently demonstrated reduced GLI1 expression. Conversely, GLI and mTOR downstream targets were not significantly affected. Conclusions The combination of Vismodegib and Sirolimus was well tolerated. Clinical benefit was limited to stable disease in a subgroup of patients. Targeting efficacy demonstrated consistent partial decreases in HH/GLI signaling with limited impact on mTOR signaling. These findings conflict with pre-clinical models and warrant further investigations.
Effect of Age on Complication Rates and Outcomes Following First Metatarsophalangeal Arthrodesis for Hallux Rigidus.

Background:Hallux rigidus is one of the most common toe pathologies in patients greater than 50 years old. Although metatarsophalangeal (MTP) arthrodesis is used to improve pain and function, older...
The Circulation and Its Control II: Neural and Humoral Control of the Heart and Vessels

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses neural and humoral controls of the heart and vessels. The classical view of the relative contributions of the vagal and sympathetic divisions to alterations of the heart rate suggests that these two controls have a significant overlap, reciprocally inhibiting each other in their normal range of operation. A more recent view, based on comparisons of heart rate responses before and after pharmacological denervation of either one of these controllers, is illustrated in the chapter. The chapter further presents a signal flow chart, which illustrates some of the known control factors affecting the performance of the cardiac pump. The chapter further describes certain studies that were carried out on anesthetized and conscious dogs to observe the sinoaortic baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate in the animals.
Insurance Payer Status Predicts Postoperative Speech Outcomes in Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients

Background Cochlear implant qualifying criteria for adult patients with public insurance policies are stricter than the labeled manufacturer criteria. It remains unclear whether insurance payer status affects expedient access to implants for adult patients who could derive benefit from the devices. Purpose This study examined whether insurance payer status affected access to cochlear implant services and longitudinal speech-perception outcomes in adult cochlear implant recipients. Research Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Study Sample Sixty-eight data points were queried from the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–Secure, Encrypted, Research Management and Evaluation Solution database which consists of 12,388 de-identified data points from adult and pediatric cochlear implant recipients. Data Analysis Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine whether insurance payer status affected expedient access to cochlear implants and whether payer status predicted longitudinal postoperative speech-perception scores in quiet and noise. Results Results from linear mixed-effects regression models indicated that insurance payer status was a significant predictor of behavioral speech-perception scores in quiet and in background noise, with patients with public insurance experiencing poorer outcomes. In addition, extended wait time to receive a cochlear implant was predicted to significantly decrease speech-perception outcomes for patients with public insurance. Conclusion This study documented patients covered by public health insurance wait longer to receive cochlear implants and experience poorer postoperative speech-perception outcomes. These results have important clinical implications regarding the cochlear implant candidacy criteria and intervention protocols.
Complete Trisomy 22 and Congenital Heart Repair: The Impact of Shared Decision Making

Background: Cases of non-mosaic liveborn Trisomy 22 infants are rare in the literature. The reported lifespan of complete, non-mosaic Trisomy live births range from minutes to 3 years, though the majority rarely live past the first 2 weeks. Cases with longer-term survival are not typically associated with severe cardiac anomalies. Many centers do not offer cardiac surgery for infants with Trisomies 13 and 18, though this landscape is currently evolving. For those who have undergone congenital heart surgery, …
Identifying Triggers for Hidradenitis Suppurativa Flare - A Patient Survey

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts in intertriginous areas. There is a paucity of literature on contributors of disease worsening. We aimed to identify common triggers for HS exacerbation from the perspective of patients to improve strategies for avoidance.
Look for injustice and you'll probably find it: a commentary on Harcourt's 'epistemic injustice, children and mental illness'.

In ‘Epistemic injustice, children and mental Illness,’1 Edward Harcourt uses Miranda Fricker’s concept of testimonial injustice (TI)2 to make sense of claims, from mental health service users, that clinicians do not listen to them. Being listened to matters. It is a sign of respect as a person and associated with better clinical outcomes. TI involves suffering an unfair credibility deficit because of prejudice, so seems like a promising way of understanding service users’ complaints. Harcourt quickly concludes, however, that it is inadequate. Since many service users are not wholly rational, the credibility deficits they suffer could be fair, and thus cannot constitute TI. Undaunted, Harcourt tries to reimagine TI so it can help. He observes that many children are also unfairly discredited by clinicians. Perhaps they are victims of TI, too, in a way that could help resurrect the concept? It may at first seem not: although providers who work with children often discredit them, this may result from mere ignorance, not prejudice. We should not let clinicians off the hook so easily, however, since they work with children, and should know their real capacities. Since they still discredit children, they must be prejudiced. And even further kinds of TI could be perpetrated by clinicians. Fricker assumes that …
Child Nurturance in other Cultures: A Perspective

Among the earliest fossil finds of genus “homo” are the remains of two young children and of a group of related adults who were discovered by the French-American archeological team of Don Johanson and Maurice Taieb.
A novel neural network analysis method applied to biological neural networks

This thesis makes two major contributions: it introduces a novel method for analysis of artificial neural networks and provides new models of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system. The analysis method extracts neural network motifs, or subnetworks of recurring neuronal function, from optimized neural networks. The method first creates models for each neuron relating network stimulus to neuronal response, then clusters the model parameters, and finally combines the neurons into multi-neuron motifs based on their cluster category. To infer biological function, this analysis method was applied to neural networks optimized to reproduce C. elegans behavior, which converged upon a small number of motifs. This allowed both a quantitative exploration of network function as well as discovery of larger motifs. Neural network models of C. elegans anatomical connectivity were optimized to reproduce two C. elegans behaviors: chemotaxis (orientation towards a maximum chemical attractant concentration) and thermotaxis (orientation towards a set temperature). Three chemotaxis motifs were identified. Experimental evidence suggests that chemotaxis is driven by a differentiator motif with two important features. The first feature was a fast, excitatory pathway in parallel with one or more slow, inhibitory pathways. The second feature was inhibitory feedback on all self-connections and recurrent loops, which regulates neuronal response. Six thermotaxis motifs were identified. Every motif consisted of two circuits, each a previously discovered chemotaxis motif with most having a dedicated sensory neuron. One circuit was thermophilic (heat-seeking) and the other was cryophilic (cold-seeking). Experimental evidence suggests that the cryophilic circuit is a differentiator motif and the thermophilic circuit functions by klinokinesis.
American Grand Strategy in the Mediterranean during World War II

Introduction 1. 'The president's personal policy' 2. The decision for Torch 3. Keeping Spain out of the war: Washington's appeasement of Franco 4. Torch, Darlan, and the French Maghreb 5. 'The intricacies of colonial rule' 6. 'Senior partners?' 7. 'An investment for the future' 8. The Tehran Conference and the Anglo-American struggle over the invasion of southern France 9. Helping De Gaulle get his 'talons pretty deeply dug into France' 10. Italy 'enters the postwar period' 11. Spain, Wolfram, and the 'liberal turn' 12. The Culbertson Mission and the open door 13. 'Balkan-phobia?' The United States, Yugoslavia, and Greece, 1940-5 14. 'We have become Mediterraneanites'.
Chapter 7 Feeding, digestion, and digestibility

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the biology and ecology of feeding, digestion, and digestibility. Ingestion is an important aspect of nutrition. The amount and frequency of ingestion of food by sea urchins are affected by physical and chemical characteristics of the food and the physiological state of the individual and abiotic environmental conditions. There are two sources of nutrients: dissolved organic matter and ingestible matter. The chapter reviews the utilization of dissolved organic matter, particularly in terms of amino acids, for several life stages and several species. Regional differences in digestive enzymatic activity are consistent with regional differences in structure. The stomach has much higher amylase activity than the intestine. The time for which food remains in the gut is important in considering digestion and absorption. In sea urchins, gut transit time is affected primarily by the amount of food consumed and frequency of feeding. Digestibility is important in interpreting the nutritional quality of feeds for sea urchins. It represents the difference between the amount of feed ingested and amount of feces. There are several methods for determining apparent digestibility—namely, gravimetric or total collection, chromic oxide marker, and radiolabeled tracers.
Metabolic processes in adventitious rooting of cuttings

A cutting is in a thermodynamically unfavourable state from the time it is prepared [1]. Part of the physical and physiological support, the root system, is gone. Only a new root system can restore ‘whole plant’ thermodynamics and sustain life. Altered metabolism in a cutting regenerates the root system.
The Resistance of Wrought High Strength Aluminum Alloys to Stress Corrosion Cracking

AN UP TO DATE REVIEW OF THE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING PERFORMANCE OF WROUGHT HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINUM ALLOYS IS PRESENTED. SPECIAL EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON FACTORS OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND ITS DIRECTIONALITY AND THE EFFECT OF ANCILLARY ALLOYING ELEMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. EXAMPLES OF TYPICAL SERVICE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED WITH STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINUM ALLOYS ARE DESCRIBED ALONG WITH MEANS OF COMBATING THEM, SUCH AS PEENING, COATINGS, OR THE USE OF SPECIAL STRESS CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOYS.
Outline of a theory of usuality based on fuzzy logic

The concept of usuality relates to propositions which are usually true or, more precisely, to events which have a high probability of occurrence. For example, usually Cait is very cheerful, usually a TV set weighs about fifty pounds, etc. Such propositions are said to be usuality-qualified. A usuality-qualified proposition may be expressed in the form usually (X is F), in which X is a variable taking values in a universe of discourse U and F is a fuzzy subset of U which may be interpreted as a usual value of X. In general, a usual value of variable, X, is not unique, and any fuzzy subset of U qualifies to a degree to be a usual value of X. A usuality qualified proposition in which usually is implicit rather than explicit is said to be a disposition. Simple examples of dispositions are snow is white, a cup of coffee costs about fifty cents and Swedes are taller than Italians.
Clinical Applications of Therapeutic Hemapheresis

Therapeutic hemapheresis may be a life-saving treatment for patients with some diseases, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTF), Goodpasture's syndrome, and leukemia-induced leukocytosis, among others. Although plasma exchange has been applied for treatment of many conditions, during the last decade a consensus has been reached about the specific but limited number of diseases for which it is of definitive benefit. Some patients are severely ill during the course of the disease, and they require prompt treatment in the intensive care unit. Therapy of these patients is discussed in this review in detail, in addition to technical aspects, indications, contraindications, and complications of therapeutic hemapheresis.
Use of the hydantoin isostere to produce inhibitors showing selectivity toward the vesicular glutamate transporter versus the obligate exchange transporter system xc

Abstract Evidence was acquired prior to suggest that the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) but not other glutamate transporters were inhibited by structures containing a weakly basic α-amino group. To test this hypothesis, a series of analogs using a hydantoin (p K a ∼ 9.1) isostere were synthesized and analyzed as inhibitors of VGLUT and the obligate cystine–glutamate transporter (system x c - ). Of the hydantoin analogs tested, a thiophene-5-carboxaldehyde analog 2l and a bis-hydantoin 4b were relatively strong inhibitors of VGLUT reducing uptake to less than 6% of control at 5 mM but few inhibited system x c - greater than 50% of control. The benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid analog 2b and p -diaminobenzene analog 2e were also good hydantoin-based inhibitors of VGLUT reducing uptake by 11% and 23% of control, respectively, but neither analog was effective as a system x c - inhibitor. In sum, a hydantoin isostere adds the requisite chemical properties needed to produce selective inhibitors of VGLUT.
Numerical Simulations of Island-Scale Airflow over Maui and the Maui Vortex under Summer Trade Wind Conditions

Abstract The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) coupled with the Noah land surface model (LSM) is employed to simulate island-scale airflow and circulations over Maui County, Hawaii, under summer trade wind conditions, during July–August 2005. The model forecasts are validated by surface observations with good agreement. In this study, it is shown that a previously known closed circulation over the Central Valley of Maui, or the Maui vortex, represents the northern cyclonic vortex of the dual-counter-rotating vortices in the lee of Haleakala, which extend up to the base of the trade wind inversion with a westerly reversed flow (>2 m s−1). At low levels, the northern cyclonic vortex is more pronounced than the southern anticyclonic vortex. The asymmetric structure of the dual vortices is related to the shape of Haleakala and the flow deflection by the West Maui Mountains. The Maui vortex has a relatively narrow east–west extent in the lowest levels, especially at nigh...
A distributed data streaming algorithm for network-wide traffic anomaly detection

Nowadays, Internet has serious security problems and network failures that are hard to resolve, for example, botnet attacks, polymorphic worm/virus spreading, DDoS, and flash crowds. To address many of these problems, we need to have a network-wide view of the traffic dynamics, and more importantly, be able to detect traffic anomaly in a timely manner. To our knowledge, Principle Component Analysis (PCA)is the best-known spatial detection method for the network-wide traffic anomaly. However, existing PCA-based solutions have scalability problems in that they require O(m2 n)running time and O(mn)space to analyze traffic measurements from m aggregated traffic flows within a sliding window of the length n. We propose a novel data streaming algorithm for PCA-based network-wide traffic anomaly detection in a distributed fashion. Our algorithm can archive O(wn log n)running time and O(wn)space at local monitors,and O(m2 log n)running time and O(m log n) space at Network Operation Center (NOC), where w denotes the maximum number of traffic flows at a local monitor.
A Simple Proof of the Denjoy-Carleman Theorem

(1968). A Simple Proof of the Denjoy-Carleman Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 26-31.
FSD Partner Issues: Expanding Sex Therapy with Sildenafil

Sildenafil reinvigorated sex therapy, expanding the number and range of individuals restored to sexual health. Sildenafil used adjunctively with sex therapy accelerated therapy and improved outcome in treating erectile dysfunction (ED). For women, sildenafil initially was used "off label" as a primary treatment for female sexual dysfunction (FSD). However, sildenafil could also be used in conjunction with sex therapy for dysfunctional male partners of women with FSD, so that his ED does not sabotage her treatment. This article describes an integrated treatment, where adjunctive sildenafil use was an important strategic component in the sex therapy of a couple's unconsummated marriage in which the wife's vaginismus, dyspareunia, and anorgasmia was complicated by her husband's ED and retarded ejaculation (RE).
SHARE PRICE LEVEL AND RISK: IMPLICATIONS FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

The study of the variance of stock returns has expanded considerably in recent years, and much of the evidence indicates that there is an inverse relationship between the level of the stock price and corresponding estimated variance of returns. Christie (1982) shows that between 5 and 31% of the variation in actual returns variance can be explained by financial leverage, depending on the method used to test the relationship ((1982), Table 4). This leaves a sizable chunk of the relationship unexplained.
Differential Coupling of the Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors Edg-1, Edg-3, and H218/Edg-5 to the Gi, Gq, and G12 Families of Heterotrimeric G Proteins

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is one of several bioactive phospholipids that exert profound mitogenic and morphogenic actions. Originally characterized as a second messenger, S1P is now recognized to achieve many of its effects through cell surface, G protein-coupled receptors. We used a subunit-selective [35S]GTPγS binding assay to investigate whether the variety of actions exerted through Edg-1, a recently identified receptor for S1P, might be achieved through multiple G proteins. We found, employing both Sf9 and HEK293 cells, that Edg-1 activates only members of the Gi family, and not Gs, Gq, G12, or G13. We additionally established that Edg-1 activates Gi in response not only to S1P but also sphingosylphosphorylcholine; no effects of lysophosphatidic acid through Edg-1 were evident. Our assays further revealed a receptor(s) for S1P endogenous to HEK293 cells that mediates activation of G13 as well as Gi. Because several of the biological actions of S1P are assumed to proceed through the G12/13 family, we tested whether Edg-3 and H218/Edg-5, two other receptors for S1P, might have a broader coupling profile than Edg-1. Indeed, Edg-3 and H218/Edg-5 communicate not only with Gi but also with Gq and G13. These studies represent the first characterization of S1P receptor activity through G proteins directly and establish fundamental differences in coupling.
Permanent Radiation Effects in Swept and Unswept Optical Grade Synthetic Quartz at Resonators

Permanent changes in the frequency versus temperature characteristics of unswept and swept optical grade synthetic quartz AT resonators which are caused by fast neutron and Co60 irradiations have been investigated. Neutron damage shifts the frequency versus temperature characteristics of the unswept resonators upwards in frequency across the entire zero to + 120°C temperature range at a rate of 0.56 × 10-15 ppm per N/cm2, which is the smallest value yet reported in the literature. The observed erratic results for swept resonators were attributed to effects of ionizing radiation accompanying the neutron fluence and led to the Co60> investigation. The unswept optical grade quartz was found to provide AT resonators which are more resistant to ionizing radiation than any other unswept material yet investigated in the literature. Appreciable amounts of acoustically active defects attributed to Na inpurities which were apparently gaded during sweeping were indicated by the Co results for the swept devices and made the swept devices useless as radiation resistant resonators.
Toward an Understanding of Academic Self-Concept in Distance Education.

Abstract Academic self‐concept has been demonstrated to influence student success in distance education. The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of academic self‐concept in distance education and to determine its enhancers and detractors. It was determined that this construct is dynamic and multi‐faceted: the process of both learning as an adult and learning at a distance, as well as the content studied, influences academic self‐concept. Implications for both practice and further research are discussed.
Passive Properties of the Isolated Mouse Heart: Titin, Collagen and the Working Sarcomere Length Range

Understanding the passive properties of the left ventricle (LV) is important with the high and increasing prevalence of Diastolic Heart Failure. We examined the sources of passive pressure in the isolated mouse heart and its working sarcomere length (SL) range. A Langendorff perfused isolated heart system was used with a volume controlled balloon inserted in the LV of the mouse (C57BL/6). Hearts were paced and perfused with a Tyrode solution at constant perfusion pressure. The volume control system was used to measure Frank-Starling (FS) relationships. Hearts were then arrested and permeabilized by perfusing the heart with 1% triton in a relaxing solution followed by measurement of the FS relationship. The obtained passive pressure-volume curve for the permeabilizied heart was lower than that of the intact heart; analysis revealed that turgor from constant pressure perfusion of the intact heart is a major source of this difference. To determine the molecular basis of the passive pressure of the skinned heart, we used both myofilament extraction and trypsin degradation of titin and repeated FS measurements. Both methods suggest that titin produces ∼80% of the passive pressure of the heart. Additional intact hearts were glutaraldehyde fixed at passive and BaCl2 activated conditions at similar volumes to the permeabilized hearts. Mid-wall fibers were carefully dissected from the hearts and SL measured via laser diffraction. SL of activated hearts ranged from 1.8-2.0um; diastolic SL from 1.95-2.15 um. Consistent with the isolated heart experiments, isolated muscle work shows that in this SL range, titin is the main contributor to passive tension. In conclusion, in the mouse LV diastolic sarcomere lengths exists in a relatively tight range and in this range titin is the major contributor to diastolic pressure of the intact heart.
Patient-Centered, Culturally Sensitive Health Care

In recent years, there have been increasing national calls for patient-centered, culturally sensitive health care (PC-CSHC). The impetus for these calls include (a) the reality that health care providers are increasingly having to provide health care to a more culturally diverse patient population without the necessary training to do so effectively, (b) the growing evidence that culturally insensitive health care is a major contributor to the costly health disparities that plague our nation, and (c) the fact that racial/ethnic minorities and individuals with low household incomes are more likely than their non-Hispanic white and higher-income counterparts to experience culturally insensitive health care and dissatisfaction with health care—health care experiences that have been linked to poorer health outcomes. This article (a) presents literature on the definition of PC-CSHC and the need for this care, (b) presents research on assessing and promoting this care, and (c) offers research-informed strategies...
A Directory of Public Services: Utopian Notes.

Abstract In the context of a general critique of the present system for providing information about public services, librarians are proposed as producers and deliverers of a file of “administrative publicity” for such services—particularly those affording opportunities, as opposed to relief from distress. Political rapport between libraries and other public agencies is seen as essential if maldistribution of information is to be overcome. Fourteen characteristics of an ideal file of administrative publicity are set forth, in an attempt to set standards by which maldistribution and shortcomings of present files may be judged. Practical models for an ideal file include the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance ; the structure and indexing of these models are discussed. The essay as a whole is related to recent writings on libraries as community information centers, on cable television and libraries, and on the politics of information in the United States.
Temporal and Spatial Expression of neu Differentiation Factor (NDF) in the Mouse Uterus during the Periimplantation Period. • 286

Temporal and Spatial Expression of neu Differentiation Factor (NDF) in the Mouse Uterus during the Periimplantation Period. • 286
Dissociated Vertical Nystagmus and Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia From a Midbrain Infarction

• We describe a patient with a dissociated vertical nystagmus and an internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The vertical nystagmus consisted of a left downward nystagmus with a synchronous right intorting nystagmus when the patient looked down and to the left. This rare type of nystagmus has been described both in isolation and in association with an internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Previous authors postulated a lesion in the midbrain in the region of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. In our patient, a discrete midbrain infarction was demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging in the hypothesized location, thus providing supportive anatomical evidence for a vertical gaze coordination pathway in the region of the medial longitudinal fasciculus.
Improving referral compliance after public cholesterol screening.

BACKGROUND. Noncompliance with referral to a physician for retesting and diagnosis is a concern in public cholesterol screening. METHODS. Participants (n = 2109) were referred by a health professional or lay communicator and randomly assigned to a coupon offer, referral reminder letter, or control group. A questionnaire was completed at screening, and a telephone interview was conducted 5 months later. RESULTS. Physician visit rates showed no professional or lay differences. For "no history" subjects, the behavioral interventions were effective compared with controls (coupon = 60.7% and reminder = 57.7% vs control = 46.1%). With professional counseling, only the coupon was effective; for lay counseling, both coupon and reminder yielded higher visit rates. Adjusted for sociodemographics, heart disease risk factors, and health perceptions, the intervention effects remained (professional-coupon offer: odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21, 3.09; professional-reminder letter: OR = 1.04, ...
Small Sample Null Distribution of Two Nonparametric Tests for Comparing Treatments with a Control in a Two-way Layout

Fligner and Wolfe (1982) and Chakraborti and Desu (1988) propose distribution–free tests for comparing several treatments with a control at b levels of another factor (blocks). Here computer programs written in FORTRAN are developed to calculate the exact null distributions of these test statistics. Tables are generated (available from the authors) for the exact critical values (and probabilities) at a-levels near 0.25, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 where b(l)5. The tables cover designs where the number of observations in each block, M, ranges from 3 to 10 and the sample sizes for the control group range from 1 to 5 for b1(1)3. For b4 the control sample sizes are all equal and range from 1 to 5. For b5, the control sample sizes are again all equal and range from 1 to 5 but M ranges from 3 to 8. For lack of space, in this paper, we provide only the exact critical values (and the probabilities) at a-levels near 0.25, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 where bl(l)3. The number of observations in each block, M, ranges fro...
Activation of T lymphocytes results in an increase in H-2-encoded neuraminidase.

The endogenous neuraminidase activity of various mouse lymphoid subpopulations and tissue compartments was examined by a sensitive fluorometric assay. These analyses indicated that activated T lymphocytes possessed a significantly higher level of intracellular neuraminidase than activated B or resting T or B lymphocytes. Examination of the level of neuraminidase in bone marrow, thymus, lymph node, and unfractionated spleen indicated that these lymphoid tissues contained significantly less neuraminidase than was detected in stimulated T cells. Kinetic studies revealed that the majority of the increase in neuraminidase activity occurred between 24 and 48 h following stimulation. Analysis of activated T lymphocytes prepared from a panel of inbred mouse strains indicated that cells from mice of theH-2 v haplotype, which possess theNeu-1 a allele and are deficient in liver neuraminidase, exhibited a level of activity which was significantly lower than that detected in stimulated T cells from other mouse strains. These results indicate that the endogenous neuraminidase activity of T lymphocytes increases upon stimulation, and that the level of this enzyme activity in lymphoid cells is also controlled by theNeu-1 locus, which is located in theH-2 region of the major histocompatibility complex.
Love on the Internet : involvement and misrepresentation in romantic relationships in cyberspace vs. realspace

Abstract This study compares reported romantic relationships of chat room users in cyberspace vs. in face-to-face relationships in everyday contexts (“realspace”). As hypothesized, involvement — particularly commitment and seriousness — tended to be lower in cyberspace than in realspace romantic relationships, and misrepresentation — specifically of age and physical attributes — tended to be higher in cyberspace than in realspace relationships. A causal analysis indicated that space affected level of involvement which in turn affected amount of misrepresentation. Cyberspace respondents were older than realspace respondents. Few differences were evident for gender or education. Possibilities for future research regarding romantic relationships and cyberspace are briefly discussed.
Desensitization of the D-2 dopamine receptor and the β2-adrenoceptor in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland

Abstract A D-2 dopamine receptor and a β 2 -adrenoceptor occur in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland (IL). Exposure of intact IL tissue to a D-2 agonist diminished the ability of dopaminergic agonists [but not 5′-guanylyl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p)] to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. Conversely, exposure of intact IL tissue to a β-adrenergic agonist diminished the ability of a β-adrenergic agonist (but not forskolin) to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with 17β-estradiol desensitizes the β 2 -adrenoceptor but not the D-2 receptor. Desensitization of the IL catecholamine receptors is discussed within the framework of a previously published “working model” of these receptors.
A linear theory of thermochemical equilibrium of solids under stress

Abstract Many multicomponent solids can be represented by a continuum model. On this basis a thermodynamic theory of multicomponent stressed solids has been constructed. After linearisation, the necessary equations for equilibrium can be separated into purely elastic and purely chemical equations. In particular, the usual Hooke's law coefficients are replaced by new open system coefficients. All the parameters of these equations can be computed from standard measurements. Examples showing the use of these formulae are presented.
ALPS: A framework for parallel adaptive PDE solution

Adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening (AMR) is essential for the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) that exhibit behavior over a wide range of length and time scales. Because of the complex dynamic data structures and communication patterns and frequent data exchange and redistribution, scaling dynamic AMR to tens of thousands of processors has long been considered a challenge. We are developing ALPS, a library for dynamic mesh adaptation of PDEs that is designed to scale to hundreds of thousands of compute cores. Our approach uses parallel forest-of-octree-based hexahedral finite element meshes and dynamic load balancing based on space-filling curves. ALPS supports arbitrary-order accurate continuous and discontinuous finite element/spectral element discretizations on general geometries. We present scalability and performance results for two applications from geophysics: seismic wave propagation and mantle convection.
Division of the genitofemoral nerve in normal scrotal testicular rats

The role of the genitofemoral nerve (GFN) on testicular descent has been clearly shown. It has also been suggested that in unilateral cryptorchid rats, after division of the ipsilateral GFN fertility rates are higher, i.e., transection of the GFN prevents contralateral testicular damage, but the mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dividing the GFN on the normal scrotal testes. Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: group A, transection of right GFN; group B, bilateral transection of the GFN; and group C, sham operations, all at the age of 30 days. The animals were killed at 90 days of age and the testes were removed. Each excised testis was weighed and fixed for histological studies. Mean seminiferous tubular diameter was measured and germinal epithelium maturity was determined using the modified Johnsen testicular-biopsy score. In all groups, all three parameters were similar, suggesting that division of the GFN had no effect on normal testes.
Geertz on Religion: The Theory and the Practice

C. Geertz, des 1906, a justement reconnu que la religion se manifestait par des symboles exprimant un univers conceptuel propre. Mais dans ses travaux ulterieurs, cet auteur a souvent oublie l'un des poles de sa definition, en privilegiant le symbolisme externe et en negligeant la base conceptuelle. (Reference a Geertz, Religion as a Cultural System, 1906, reedite en 1966 dans le recueil publie par M. Banton, Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion).