cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sonographic Assessment of Axillary Lymph Nodes After a Mammographically Recommended Breast Sonogram for Women 55 Years and Older: A Feasibility Study:

Sonographic guidelines have been provided for assessing lymph nodes both in the axilla and other areas of the body. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using sonography and Doppler to provide diagnostic nodal information for women 55 years and older. The authors conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of a group of women 55 years and older who provided their prior health histories, mammography, and sonogram results, as well as eventual pathology reports, to help establish the value of Doppler measurements, nodal dimensions, and subjective assessment data collected at the time of the breast sonogram. Each patient consented to allow 15 minutes of scanning of her axilla to evaluate three lymph nodes. Fifty-two women provided data points that were captured and compared to published guidelines, such as longitudinal/diameter (L/D) ratio, resistive index (RI), and Stavros's subjective grading scale. The longitudinal axis compared to the diameter of a node (L/D ratio), shape, and ...
Molecular analysis-based treatment strategies for non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Improved understanding in the molecular biology and genetics of lung cancer has resulted in the identification of individual genes, gene expression profiles, and molecular pathways that may be useful for clinical management decisions. Methods: We focused on recent molecules and platforms under evaluation for implementation into clinical decision making. Results: Prognostic molecular parameters are defined as markers that impact overall outcome in terms of survival independent of therapeutic interventions. Predictive molecular parameters are defined as markers that impact therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions: Several molecules and profiles are emerging with promising utility as predictive and prognostic parameters in non‐small cell lung cancer independent of the standard clinical parameters, such as stage, performance status, and gender. These include the genes ERCC1, RRM1, and BRCA1, which are involved in nucleotide metabolism and DNA damage repair, epidermal growth factor receptor, which is involved in cell proliferation and survival, and oligonucleotide expression array profiles, which are signatures of global gene expression associated with specific tumor phenotypes. Several molecules and profiles show promise as predictive and prognostic parameters in non‐small cell lung cancer.
Optimal Contracting and Dynamic Altruism: Consumption and Family Size

We use a Barro-Becker model of endogenous fertility, in which parents are subject to idiosyncratic shocks that are private information (either to labor productivity or taste for leisure), to study the efficient degree of consumption inequality in the long run. The planner uses the trade off between family size and future consumption and leisure, in addition to the usual variables, to provide incentives for workers to reveal their shocks. We show that in this environment, the optimal dynamic contract no longer features immiseration in consumption. We also discuss the implications of the model on the long run properties of family size in the optimal contract and show that the long run trend in dynasty size can be either positive or negative depending on parameters.
Emergent and animated COLLADA models of the Tonga Trench and Samoa Archipelago: Implications for geoscience modeling, education, and research

We report on a project aimed at developing emergent animated COLLADA (collaborative design activity) models of the Tonga-Samoa region of the western Pacific for teaching and outreach use with Google Earth. This is an area of historical importance to the development of plate tectonic theory and is important today owing to neotectonic activity, including a 29 September 2009 tsunamigenic earthquake. We created three types of models: an emergent digital elevation model of the Tonga slab with associated magmatic arc and backarc basin based on GeoMapApp (Marine Geoscience Data System, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) data mining; animated models of alternative plate tectonic scenarios; and a large-scale model that permits users to view the subsurface down to lower mantle levels. Our models have been deployed in non-science major laboratory classes, and positive learning outcomes were documented in an independent study by S. Wild and J. Gobert. The models have also been made available to colleagues and the public via the Old Dominion University Pretlow Planetarium and an outreach and dissemination website (http://www.digitalplanet.org). In the process of constructing a complete set of tectonic models for the area of interest, we added cases that have not been described in the research literature. Thus, this study spans the three functions of modern academia, i.e., research, teaching, and outreach, and the multifaceted aspects of creating, using, testing, and disseminating electronic geospatial learning resources.
Learning and a Liberal Education: The Study of Modern History in the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Manchester, 1800–1914

(1988). Learning and a Liberal Education: The Study of Modern History in the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Manchester, 1800–1914. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 700-701.
Film Review: The Black Press: Soldiers Without Swords

(1999). Film Review: The Black Press: Soldiers Without Swords. The Oral History Review: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 105-109.
In Reply to Mehta et al and to London et al.

We appreciate the letters in response to our recent Commentary.1 We hope that our Commentary and this exchange continue to stimulate others to consider strategies that enhance medical education while clarifying the role of standardized testing in the holistic review of applicants for residency. A br
Yield and Cadmium Accumulation of Rice Following Application of Phosphate Fertilizer Containing Cadmium

Phosphate fertilizers are essential for agriculture production,but there is an increasing concern over the risk of cadmium(Cd)contamination via fertilization.This study evaluated the yield and Cd accumulation of rice plant following different rates of phosphate fertilizer in a two year field experiment.Rice yield was increased by applying phosphate fertilizer,but not by the application rates.However,Cd concentrations in the grains increased firstly and then decreased with phosphate rates,but were still lower than the level of National Food Health Standards.The concentrations and accumulation of Cd in the grains were highest at 63 kg P2O5·hm-2of phosphate application rate,which was significantly higher than the control.At 252 kg·hm-2of phosphate fertilizer,however,Cd concentration in the grains was closed to that of control,and Cd concentrations in the stems and leaves decreased significantly as well.Absorption of Cd in shoots declined with the rates of phosphate fertilizer and the fertilizer rate at which Cd absorption in shoots was 100% was 116.6 kg·hm-2for early rice cultivar and174.6 kg·hm-2for late rice cultivar.These results indicate that applying phosphate fertilizer at early rice:81 kg·hm-2 and late rice:63 kg·hm-2would not only maintain rice yield,but also make grain and soil ecological safety.
UIMMS of Maneuverable Target Tracking for Multistatic Radar System

This paper presented the problem of tracking radar measurements of maneuvering target,discussed the kalman smoother,introduced the smooth methods,compared the methods of Unscented Kalman filter with Unscented Kalman smoother,Interacting Multiple Model Filter(IMMF) and Interacting Multiple Model Smoother(IMMF) based on the Multiple Model idea.Meanwhile,for the problem of nonliner based on the radar measurements and the target charicterristic,designed the models of maneuvering target and several radar measurements,compared the classed methods and tested the new methods,experiment results show the effectiveness.
Analysis of antibiotic drugs in the outpatient department in our hospital during 2005

Objective: To investigate the rationality in usage of antibiotic drugs in OPD in our hospital. Methods: The defined daily dose (DDD) and the drug utilization index (DUI) system for drug utilization recommended by WHO were adopted as a basis to do the statistic analysis on whether the usage of drugs was reasonable in our hospital . Results: The prescription of Antibiotic drugs was 65.28% in the statistical prescriptions; The compound usage of antibiotics was 49.52% in the statistical prescription of antibiotics ; 13 antibiotics among 20 statistical ones had their DUI ≤1.0 . Conclusions: The usage of antibiotic drugs in OPD in our hospital was basically reasonable.
William Ernest Henley (1849-1903): medical frame of reference for the poem "Invictus".

(1961). William Ernest Henley (1849–1903): Medical Frame of Reference for the Poem “Invictus”. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 30, Obstetrics and Gynecology, pp. 510-515.
[Functional, mechanical, and structural demands in microvascular prostheses (author's transl)].

Basierend auf den ersten experimentellen Erfahrungen mit Mikrogefasprothesen lassen sich grundlegende Schlusse ziehen. Mikroprothesen sollen gewebefreundlich und einfach zu handhaben sein und bedurfen einer grosen Dauerhaftigkeit. Sie mussen eine mikroporose Struktur haben und antithrombogene Faktoren wie negative Oberflachenspannung, Hydrophobie und Tragheit des Materials auf sich vereinigen. Zwischen Gefas und Mikroprothese sollen isodiametrische Verhaltnisse herrschen. Fur die Implantation ist die Anwendung mikrochirurgischer Techniken erforderlich. End-zu-End-Anastomosen und fortlaufende, evertierende Naht eignen sich am besten zur Insertion.
Standstill or Progress in Echoencephalography

Is this a proper title for a work in progress? Hardly! But let me take these few minutes for a subject really worthy of a lengthy discussion, as I try to be very specific without being too much hampered by the time limit or by a certain pessimism that seems to have taken hold among some practical and theoretical workers in this field.
Race, Nativity, Ethnicity, and Cultural Influences in the Sociology of Mental Health

This chapter examines how interconnections among race, nativity, ethnicity, and cultural influences are critical for understanding mental health status in the United States. We argue that many sociologists of mental health neglect sociocultural variation—differences in lived experiences that are linked to race, nativity, ethnicity, and cultural influences—when assessing mental health status, when examining considering social statuses as sources of stress, and when selecting predictors to explain variation in mental health status. We challenge sociologists of mental health to investigate sociocultural variation with care and, in doing so, to expose the limits of current knowledge and reveal further the significance of race, ethnicity, nativity, and cultural influences. In terms of future research, we provide prescriptions connected to intersectionality, cultural competencies, control groups, and culture-bound syndromes. As diversity within the United States increases, continued neglect of sociocultural variation’s relation to mental health status becomes irresponsible.
Towards Chemical Fingerprinting of Deep-Level Defect Sites in CdS Nanocrystals by Optically Detected Spin Coherence

Carrier trapping in colloidal nanocrystals represents a major energy loss mechanism for excitonic states crucial to devices, yet surprisingly little is known about the chemical nature of these trap centers or the types of interactions that charges experience in them. Here, we use a pulsed microwave optically detected magnetic resonance (pODMR) technique in order to probe the interaction pathways existing between shallow band edge trap states and the deep-level emissive chemical defect states responsible for the broad, low energy emission common to CdS nanocrystals. Due to the longer spin-coherence lifetimes (T 2) of these states, Rabi flopping in the differential luminescence under resonance provides access to information regarding coupling types of shallow-trapped electron-hole pairs, both isolated species and those in proximity to the emissive defect. Corresponding Hahn spin-echo measurements expose an extraordinary long spin coherence time for colloidal nanocrystals (T 2 ≈ 1. 6 μs), which allows observation of local environmental interactions through electron spin-echo envelop modulation (ESEEM). Such an effect provides future opportunities for gaining the detailed chemical and structural information needed in order to eliminate energy loss mechanisms during the synthetic process.
Reducing and Managing Concussions in Youth Sports

A high school field hockey player who suffered two head injuries during consecutive games brought action against the coach and school, alleging that both parties handled the injuries negligently, which resulted in permanent brain damage.
A Retrospective Literature Review of Erythromelalgia and Myelorpoliferative Disorders

Abstract Cutaneous manifestations of myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) herald an uncommon diagnostic clue preceding a diagnosis of Essential Thrombocytosis (ET) and Polycythemia Vera (PV). If left untreated, they may progress towards acrocyanosis and even peripheral gangrene. This clincal entity can present months to years prior to an official diagnosis of a MPD. These atypical skin finding in ET and PV are referred to as Erythromelalgia, characterized by red, congested distal extremities secondary to microvascular complications. The pathophysiology of this skin abnormality involves spontaneous activation and aggregation of hypersensitive thrombocythaemic platelets in the end-arterial microvasculature, involving the peripheral, cerebral, and coronary circulation of thrombocythemia patients. The microvascular disturbances are frequently preceded or followed by atypical transient neurologic, ocular or coronary ischemic events. Thus these atypical skin findings can signal potential limb ischemia and necrosis. We performed an extensive retrospective case review of the entire Engish language medical literature. The first reported case of Erythromelalgia was in 1872 by Weir-Mitchell. By 1938, Smith and Allen advocated the use of acteylsalicyclic acid as they reported pronounced pain relief from the use of 0.65 grams, up to five times daily. In our search, the number of cases reporting signs and symptoms of Erythromelalgia specifically preceding ET or PV, number less than twenty. We wanted to determine from review of the literatue if treatment with aspirin at the time of diagnosis of Erythomelalgia led to improved outcome. The overriding conclusion of our review was that aspirin induced prompt relief of painful symptoms and seemed to prevent thrombotic sequelae in this patient cohort. Clinicians need to consider the underlying presence of a myeloproliferative disorder in patients manifesting vasculopathy associated skin findings, as it may be the harbinger of potentially fatal ischemic events. Earlier diagnosis and treatment may lead to improved outcome.
Finding the right words: symbolizing experience in practice and theory

ABSTRACTMuch of therapy, particularly person-centered therapy, is devoted to finding words to accurately symbolize the experiences the client chooses to share. Accurately symbolizing clients’ problematic experiences allows them to be assimilated and transformed into personal resources.Words are used to share experience. Word meanings grow by accumulating the experience of those who use the words. As a result, language incorporates a repertoire of personal and cultural experience, which therapists and clients use to articulate and transform problematic experiences.Building a theory likewise requires finding the right words to accurately symbolize scientific and clinical observations. A theory grows by accumulating these observations. Thus, a good theory reproduces, in a compact form, an aggregate of the experience of those who have researched it.
Bioinformatics tools for the identification of gene clusters that biosynthesize specialized metabolites

Specialized metabolites (also called natural products or secondary metabolites) derived from bacteria, fungi, marine organisms and plants constitute an important source of antibiotics, anti-cancer agents, insecticides, immunosuppressants and herbicides. Many specialized metabolites in bacteria and fungi are biosynthesized via metabolic pathways whose enzymes are encoded by clustered genes on a chromosome. Metabolic gene clusters comprise a group of physically co-localized genes that together encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of a specific metabolite. Although metabolic gene clusters are generally not known to occur outside of microbes, several plant metabolic gene clusters have been discovered in recent years. The discovery of novel metabolic pathways is being enabled by the increasing availability of high-quality genome sequencing coupled with the development of powerful computational toolkits to identify metabolic gene clusters. To provide a comprehensive overview of various bioinformatics methods for detecting gene clusters, we compare and contrast key aspects of algorithmic logic behind several computational tools, including 'NP.searcher', 'ClustScan', 'CLUSEAN', 'antiSMASH', 'SMURF', 'MIDDAS-M', 'ClusterFinder', 'CASSIS/SMIPS' and 'C-Hunter' among others. We also review additional tools such as 'NRPSpredictor' and 'SBSPKS' that can infer substrate specificity for previously identified gene clusters. The continual development of bioinformatics methods to predict gene clusters will help shed light on how organisms assemble multi-step metabolic pathways for adaptation to various ecological niches.
Factors Influencing the Gender Breakdown of Academic Radiology Residency Programs.

Abstract Purpose To determine the gender distribution of radiology residency programs and identify associations with radiology departmental factors. Methods The residency programs affiliated with the top 50 research medical school from US News and World Report were identified. The gender of all radiology residency graduates from each program from 2011 to 2015 were collected. Radiology departmental factors were collected: gender of chairperson, gender of program director, gender of faculty, geographic location, and city population of the residency program. The median percentage of female radiology faculty and residents were calculated and classified as above or below the median. Comparisons were made between residency programs and departmental factors via a Pearson χ 2 univariate test or logistic regression. Results There were 618 (27.9%) female and 1,598 (72.1%) male residents in our study, with a median female representation of 26.4% in each program. Programs with a female residency program director were significantly more likely to have an above-median percentage of female residents versus a male program director (68.4% versus 38.7%, P = .04). Programs in the Northeast (70.6%) and West (70.0%) had higher above-median female representation than the South (10.0%) and Midwest (38.5%, P P = .40), gender of faculty ( P = .40), residency size ( P = .91), or faculty size ( P = .15). Conclusion Radiology residency programs with a female residency program director and those in the Northeast or West have a greater concentration of female residents. Residency programs that aim to increase female representation should investigate modifiable factors that can improve their recruitment practices.
Implementing Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Empirical Matching Models: MPEC v.s. NFXP

We propose two Mathematical Programming with Equilibrium Constraints (MPEC) formulations: the MPEC-Sparse and the MPEC-Dense to estimate a class of separable matching models. We compare MPEC with the Nested Fixed-Point (NFXP) algorithm -- a well-received method in the literature of structural estimation. Using both simulated and actual data, we find that MPEC is more robust than NFXP in terms of convergence and solution quality. In terms of computing time, MPEC-Dense is 9 to 20 times faster than NFXP in simulations. For practitioners, MPEC is considerably simpler to program.
American Solar Network, Ltd. (A)

A.C. Rich has invented and patented a new form of solar water heater that he claims will significantly reduce home-heating costs and is aesthetically pleasing. The case asks students to evaluate Rich's design in terms of cost, performance, and marketability, and also in relation to a set of ethical and environmental criteria presented in "Note on Moral Reasoning" (E-0092) and "Note on Five Traditional Theories of Environmental Sustainability" (E-0094). Students also must decide whether Rich should move to a state that provides subsidies. Excerpt UVA-E-0097 Rev. Aug. 9, 2013 AMERICAN SOLAR NETWORK, LTD. (A) Albert C. Rich, an inventor and entrepreneur, had come up with a design for a new solar water heater. He explained its benefits: The average home electric water heater emits over 5.8 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year (when the electricity is produced by coal), which is more than the average automobile emits! These systems also produce over 91 pounds of sulfur dioxide and 850 pounds of nitrogen oxides (which contributes to acid rain and smog). A solar water heater can prevent over 4,000 pounds of these pollutants from being emitted. Rich also claimed, “If 50% of the homes in the United States had a solar collector, it would eliminate 12 large nuclear-, coal-, and oil-generating plants.” . . .
Living Longer, Living Better – Exploring the Heart-Mind Connection - by Lionel Opie

Professor Lionel H. Opie has produced a work of genius in the form of this, his latest book. “Living Longer, Living Better – Exploring the Heart-Mind Connection” truly deserves the iconic status which two of his other books, “Drugs for the Heart”, 7th Edition (co-edited with Bernard J. Gersh) and “Heart Physiology: From Cell to Circulation”, 4th Edition, have achieved. I cannot help but fully agree with Professor Timothy Noakes’ comment in his foreword to the book, “I know of no one who understands the heart more completely or who can express himself with greater effect to any audience than can Lionel”.
What's All the Drama About?: The Development of Tragedy in Ancient Greece

The art of storytelling is only a step away from the art of performance. Yet it took centuries to develop into the form we easily recognize today. Theatre, a gift of ancient Greece, pulled threads from many facets of Greek society - religion, festival, poetry, and competition. And yet, as much as historians know about the Greek theatre, they are still theorizing about its origins and how it suddenly developed and flourished within the confines of the 5th century B.C. Fascination concerning the origin of the theatre developed as quickly as the 4th century B.C. and remains a topic of speculation even today.
Reaching students at a distance: from videotape to the internet to online, interactive books

I'm now approaching the 20th year that my semester-long courses have been carried over various distance learning systems to remote students, and the 10th year that I've been experimenting with using the Internet to distribute multimedia classroom material to these students. During this same time, many textbooks have created web sites and/or supplemental materials (such as recorded multimedia) that often overlap with activities that have traditionally taken place in the classroom. I will reflect on some of the lessons learned over this period, and what this might mean for the future. As a textbook author and a teacher, I'm also interested in how textbooks and their supplemental materials are continuing to evolve, and what this might mean for us as teachers and for our remote and in-class students.
Nonpharmacological Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients at High Intracranial Hemorrhage Risk.

Despite significant advances in our ability to detect and treat atrial fibrillation (AF), less than half of high embolic risk patients receive oral anticoagulants (OACs).1 The main cause of this problem is the known association between OACs and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), the latter being the most lethal and disabling condition known to humans, among the relatively common medical emergencies. The last decade saw the development and more recently the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of an endovascular left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) procedure, namely WATCHMAN (Boston Scientific, Plymouth, MN; Figure 1), as a second-line treatment for stroke and systemic embolism prevention in nonvalvular AF (NVAF) without the need for lifelong anticoagulation. Other endovascular and surgical LAAC devices and procedures are currently being developed and tested in clinical trials. The other important advance has been the development of imaging markers that can help stratify the risk of ICH in individual patients. Current AF management guidelines recommend choosing the antithrombotic therapy based on shared decision-making approaches, after discussion of the absolute and relative risks of stroke and bleeding, taking into account the patient’s values and preferences.2 Table 1 and Figures 2 and 3 provide an overview of conditions that are associated with a relatively high ICH risk. In patients with NVAF and any of these high ICH risk conditions, LAAC might be considered for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke prevention, taking into account the safety and efficacy of the device compared with OAC. View this table: Table 1. Conditions Associated With High Brain Bleeding Risk Figure 1. Select devices and procedures used for left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). A , Left , The WATCHMAN device (Boston Scientific, Plymouth, MN), FDA-approved for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation through LAAC. Middle , Schematic showing the placement of WATCHMAN device in LAA, note septal puncture. Right , Schematic of …
Behavioral Ecology: A Social Systems Approach to Environmental Problems

The behavior analyst who is considering a career in the area of environmental problems faces a variety of complex questions. The area has changed since the early 1970s when behavior analysts first began to work on littering. The major questions then were standard openers for a new area: (1) “Is there anything that will cause people to pick up trash?” (2) “Can the dependent variable be measured accurately?” However, the questions have become more difficult as problems have become more serious, more research is done, more disciplines enter the field, and researchers and society more closely approach the heart of the problems. Instead of becoming more concerned with the principles and/or methodology of behavior analysis, some questions concern topics more closely related to other disciplines and to the analysis of society’s overall goals and policies. The first question is an economic one: (1) “The procedure is effective, but do its benefits outweigh its costs?” (2) “The procedure worked on my three neighbors, but will it work on a larger scale in an industry, with an entire community, or statewide?” (3) “Will my procedure be selected over those from other areas? Will behavior-analysis solutions be major ones, or will those come from the harder sciences, from economics, or be imposed by law?” For example: “In the area of gasoline conservation, will behavioral conservation programs be of major importance relative to small cars, synthetic fuel, gadgets to save gasoline, laws, and agreements in international politics?” (4) “Would my skills be put to better use if I worked with professionals from other disciplines such as engineers to change technology into innovation or, with politicians and governmental agencies to determine the most effective laws, and to ensure accurate reports from industry?” (5) “Is my program aimed at the crucial target population? Perhaps the heart of the problem lies with big industry or streamlining governmental agencies to act effectively?” (6) “Why must we always wait for a crisis? Is not prevention the area where an effective methodology or procedure could have its most important impact?”
Material Behaviour and Failure

Most calculations in mechanics of materials are performed in order to predict whether a given component will fail in service or to determine dimensions or other design specifications to ensure that the probability of failure is acceptably low.
Immunology and efficacy of MF59-adjuvanted vaccines.

Adjuvants are included in vaccine formulations to enhance the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines. MF59® is an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant and licensed for use in pandemic and seasonal influ...
Solid Deep Ultraviolet Diffracting Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals

We fabricated the first solid, mechanically robust inverse opal photonic crystals that diffract in the deep ultraviolet (UV) spectral region. These photonic crystals are fabricated by self-assembling <140 nm diameter monodisperse polystyrene nanoparticles into face centered cubic 3D close-packed structures on fused silica microscope slides in the presence of tetraethyl orthosilicate via a vertical deposition method. Tetraethyl orthosilicate condenses in the nanoparticle interstices during self-assembly, immobilizing the polystyrene nanoparticles in an SiO2 matrix. Removal of the polystyrene nanoparticles using piranha solution yields a stable SiO2 inverse opal structure that Bragg diffracts in the deep UV at <245 nm. We measured the UV–vis transmission, diffraction of a collimated deep UV white light source, and diffraction of 229 nm laser light in order to characterize the deep UV optical performance of these photonic crystals. We measured a maximum light attenuation of ∼98% at the Bragg condition, calcu...
Outcome and complications in horses administered sterile or non-sterile fluids intravenously.

Background Obtaining commercial fluids for intravenous administration (IVF) was challenging during a recent shortage. This necessitated use of custom-made non-sterile fluids for intravenous administration (JUGs) in some hospitals. There are no studies comparing outcome of horses treated with JUG versus IVF and limited information is available about adverse effects of JUGs. Hypothesis/objectives To evaluate death, complications, blood pH, and plasma electrolyte concentrations of horses that received JUG versus IVFs. Animals One hundred eighty-six horses that received IVFs and 37 that received JUGs. Methods A retrospective review of medical records was performed to identify horses that received IVFs or JUGs during hospitalization. Information including survival to discharge, complications (fever [>38.5°C], jugular vein phlebitis/thrombosis, arrhythmia, or laminitis), blood pH, and plasma electrolyte concentrations were obtained. Results There was no difference (P = .67) in survival to discharge for horses that received JUGs (78%) compared to horses that received IVFs (87%). Horses that received JUGs were more likely to develop a jugular vein complication (3 of 37 versus 1 of 186, odds ratio 17.2 [95% CI 1.9-389.8], P = .04). Horses that received JUGs were more likely to have electrolyte abnormalities consistent with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Conclusion and clinical importance Veterinarians using JUGs should obtain informed client consent because of a potential increased risk of jugular vein complications. Chloride content of JUGs should be considered to limit development of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
High phosphate actively induces cytotoxicity by rewiring pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signaling networks in HEK293 and HeLa cells.

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for human health. Due to the changes in our dietary pattern, dietary Pi overload engenders systemic phosphotoxicity, including excessive Pi-related vascular calcification and chronic tissue injury. The molecular mechanisms of the seemingly distinct phenotypes remain elusive. In this study, we investigated Pi-mediated cellular response in HEK293 and HeLa cells. We found that abnormally high Pi directly mediates diverse cellular toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Up to 10 mM extracellular Pi promotes cell proliferation by activating AKT signaling cascades and augmenting cell cycle progression. By introducing additional Pi, higher than the concentration of 40 mM, we observed significant cell damage caused by the interwoven Pi-related biological processes. Elevated Pi activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, encompassing extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 and Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), which consequently potentiates Pi triggered lethal epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Synergistically, high Pi-caused endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress also contributes to apparent apoptosis. To counteract, Pi-activated AKT signaling promotes cell survival by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and blocking ER stress. Pharmacologically or genetically abrogating Pi transport, the impact of high Pi-induced cytotoxicity could be reduced. Taken together, abnormally high extracellular Pi results in a broad spectrum of toxicity by rewiring complicated signaling networks that control cell growth, cell death, and homeostasis.
Stirling numbers and inverse factorial series

We discuss inverse factorial series and their relation to Stirling numbers of the first kind. We prove a special representation of the polylogarithm function in terms of series with such Stirling numbers. Using various identities for Stirling numbers of the first kind we construct a number of expansions of functions in terms of inverse factorial series where the coefficients are special numbers. These results are used to reprove the asymptotic expansion of some classical functions. We also prove a binomial formula involving inverse factorials.
Self-regulated learning as a cyclical process and predictor of creative problem-solving

This study used structured interviews to examine cyclical relations among self-regulated learning (SRL) processes before (forethought), during (performance), and after (self-reflection) engagement ...
Leslie H. Hicks (1927-2020).

Memorializes Leslie H. Hicks (1927-2020). Hicks was born in Washington, DC, where he spent the majority of his career as department chair of psychology at Howard University. He upheld high academic standards, promoted psychological science, and advanced African Americans in research. He cofounded the university's PhD program in psychology (1968). Hicks continued mentoring after retirement in 2016, dedicating nearly 65 years of service as an educator. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Peer Connectedness and Pre-Existing Social Reward Processing Predicts U.S. Adolescent Girls' Suicidal Ideation During COVID-19.

There is major concern about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent suicidal ideation (SI) and peer relationships. We investigated (1) rates of SI and (2) the extent to which peer connectedness and pre-existing neural activation to social reward predicted SI during the initial stay-at-home orders of the pandemic (April-May 2020) in a longitudinal sample of adolescent girls (N = 93; Mage = 15.06; 69% White non-Hispanic). Daily diary and fMRI methods were used to assess peer connectedness and neural activation to social reward, respectively. Nearly 40% of girls endorsed SI during the initial stay-at-home orders. Greater peer connectedness and neural responsivity to anticipated social reward were associated with a reduced odds of SI during the pandemic among girls.
Chapter 30. Recent Progress in the Rational Design of Peptide Hormones and Neurotransmitters

Publisher Summary Peptide hormones generally produce their biological effects by interaction with membrane bound receptors, but we know little about the specific chemical and physical properties of these binding sites. Ultimately hormone-receptor interactions are three dimensional in nature, in which two complementary topological surfaces interact to produce a biological response. These three dimensional features often can be examined by conformational restriction of the peptide hormones. Virtually all peptide hormones have multiple receptors of physiological and pharmacological importance and there is overwhelming evidence that generally each of these receptors utilizes different structural and conformational properties of the hormone. In addition to being the first peptide hormone, whose structure was elucidated and then prepared by total synthesis, oxytocin (OT) was also the first peptide hormone, for which a conformation-biological activity model was proposed. Examination of the possible conformational features of arginine vasopressin (AVP) led researcher to propose a “biologically active conformation” for vasopressin at the kidney anti-diuretic receptor. Structure–activity relationships of leutienizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) have been examined by determining the effects of systematic modification of each residue on biological activity. Development of rational approaches to the design of peptide hormone analogs with useful biological and physical properties is still in its infancy. Yet, conformational and topological considerations already have provided new insights into the chemical–physical basis for the biological activity of these compounds.
A New Technique for Three-Dimensional Regression-Based Segmentation in Medical Image Processing

This work describes the application of the Liou-Jain segmentation algorithm to medical imaging for automated detection of anatomical surfaces. The algorithm avoids problems inherent in statistical segmentation and 2D techniques. Results are shown for MRI data from the human abdomen and a rat brain glioma. For comparison, the human dataset was processed by a statistical classifier. Quantitative accuracy of the algorithm is assessed by the use of a phantom. This work demonstrates that the Liou-Jain technique is effective in automatically detecting anatomical organ and lesion surfaces in 3D datasets and in obtaining volume estimates.
Anet, Frank A. L.: A Lapsed Organic Chemist in the Wonderland of NMR

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 University of Ottawa 3 University of California, Los Angeles 4 Biographical Sketch
An Enzyme produced by a Phage-Host Cell System. II. The Properties of the Polysaccharide Depolymerase.

Abstract Phage-infected bacteria of a type 2 strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae liberate an enzyme which is able to hydrolyze the capsular polysaccharide of this organism. The enzyme is liberated in part as a freely diffusible protein and in part as a form firmly attached to the phage particles. The yield of enzyme is affected by the genetic constitution of both host cell and phage. The enzyme can serve as a chemotherapeutic agent for mice infected with the same strain of bacteria in which the enzyme was produced.
Identifying oxygen sensors by their photochemical action spectra.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the approach for identifying oxygen sensors by their photochemical action spectra. One of the most important roles for heme in cells is in the active site of proteins that bind and/or metabolize oxygen. These include cytochrome oxidase, cytochrome P450, nitric oxide synthase, guanylate synthase, etc. Photochemical action spectra can be used to identify heme proteins responsible for specific metabolic/physiological functions. This method is limited to a selected class of heme proteins that bind CO as an inhibitor/agonist competitive with oxygen and for which the CO compound is light sensitive. Within this class, however, the specificity conferred by measuring the light-induced reversal of the effect of CO allows unambiguous identification of the heme protein responsible for the measured function. An overview of photochemical action spectra, their relationship with absorption spectra, and light as a chemical reactant aredescribed. Concepts related to identification of the oxygen sensor of the carotid body are also discussed.
Brain-specific enhancement of the mouse neurofilament heavy gene promoter in vitro

We have investigated the DNA elements responsible for transcription from the proximal portion of the mouse neurofilament heavy gene (NF-H) promoter by in vitro transcription using extracts from expressing (brain) and non-expressing (liver) tissues. We have found that constructs containing 5' region from -1314 to -115 exhibit a 3-5-fold higher level of NF-H promoter activity, relative to the adenovirus major late promoter (pML), in brain versus liver extracts. Deletion to -85 lowers the level of brain transcription by 2-fold, while deletion from -65 through -31 reduces transcription by 5-fold to a relatively strong (10% of pML) basal level. Basal level expression is observed in all deletions transcribed with liver extract. Deletion to -24 (TATA-less) abolishes promoter activity with both extracts. Deletion of the -115 to -65 region from a larger construct reduces transcription in brain extracts to basal levels, suggesting that this region contains the elements necessary for the brain-specific enhancement of promoter function. Mutation of a palindromic sequence within this region abolishes brain-specific enhanced promoter activity. This loss of enhanced transcriptional activity is correlated with the loss of a shifted band in gel shift assays. Our studies suggest that the sequence (-106)GGGGAGGAGG-(15 bp)-CCTCCTCCCC(-72) (where bp = base pairs) is important in brain-specific enhancement of transcription from the mouse NF-H promoter.
Metaphysics without Pre-Critical Monism: Hegel on Lower-Level Natural Kinds and the Structure of Reality

Recent debates about Hegel's theoretical philosophy are marked by a surprising lack of agreement, extending all the way down to the most basic question: what is Hegel talking about? On the one hand, proponents of ‘metaphysical’ interpretations generally read Hegel as aiming to articulate the overall structure or organisation of reality itself, and the nature of a highest or most fundamental being. Particularly influential is the idea that Hegel is reviving and modifying a form of Spinoza's metaphysical monism, according to which the organised whole of everything is the highest being, providing a ground or reason for everything real. On the other hand, proponents of ‘non-metaphysical’ interpretations argue Hegel's topic is something else entirely. The idea is that Hegel agrees with Kant in finding pre-critical forms of metaphysics to be uncritical or dogmatic. And the topic of Hegel's positive project is supposed to be not the nature of reality itself, nor any most fundamental being, but rather ‘forms of thought’ akin to Kant's categories and the objectivity, legitimacy, or normative authority of those forms of thought. This is of course only a rough sketch of the most basic recent debate, about which there is more to say than can fit in this paper. My focus here is on what Hegel has to say about nature and natural kinds, in ‘Observing Reason’ from the Phenomenology, and also in similar material from the Logic and Encyclopedia. I intend to argue that this material suggests a surprising way of stepping beyond the fundamental debate sketched above. There can of course be no question of elaborating and defending here a complete interpretation of Hegel's entire theoretical philosophy. I will have to restrict myself to arguing for the unlikely conclusion that there is an approach that can combine and integrate the strongest points made by both sides in the most basic debate shaping recent Hegel interpretation.
Attachment, self-compassion, empathy, and subjective well-being among college students and community adults

Research on subjective well-being suggests that it is only partly a function of environmental circumstances. There may be a personality characteristic or a resilient disposition toward experiencing high levels of well-being even in unfavorable circumstances. Adult attachment may contribute to this resilient disposition. This study examined whether the association between attachment anxiety and subjective well-being was mediated by Neff's (2003a, 2003b) concept of self-compassion. It also examined empathy toward others as a mediator in the association between attachment avoidance and subjective well-being. In Study 1, 195 college students completed self-report surveys. In Study 2, 136 community adults provided a cross-validation of the results. As expected, across these 2 samples, findings suggested that self-compassion mediated the association between attachment anxiety and subjective well-being, and emotional empathy toward others mediated the association between attachment avoidance and subjective well-being.
Interview on Treatment for Women with Substance Use Disorder, Mental Health Disorders, and Histories of Trauma: An Interview with Francine Feinberg, PsyD, LCSW

During the past several decades, the substance abuse treatment field has recognized that women often develop and experience substance use disorders differently than men. In addition, trauma, often ...
Regulatory subunit (CNB1 gene product) of yeast Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatases is required for adaptation to pheromone.

Abstract By using an assay specific for detection of calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, this enzyme was purified approximately 5,000-fold from extracts of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cna1p and Cna2p, the products of two yeast genes encoding the catalytic (A) subunits of calcineurin, were major constituents of the purified fraction. A third prominent component of apparent molecular mass 16 kDa displayed several properties, including ability to bind 45Ca2+, that are characteristic of the regulatory (B) subunit of mammalian calcineurin and was recognized by an antiserum raised against bovine calcineurin. These antibodies were used to isolate the structural gene (CNB1) encoding this protein from a yeast expression library in the vector lambda gt11. The nucleotide sequence of CNB1 predicted a polypeptide similar in length and highly related in amino acid sequence (56% identity) to the mammalian calcineurin B subunit. Like its counterpart in higher cells, yeast Cnb1p was myristoylated at its N terminus. Mutants lacking Cnb1p, or all three calcineurin subunits (Cna1p, Cna2p, and Cnb1p), were viable. Extracts of cnb1 delta mutants contained no detectable calcineurin activity, even though Cna1p and Cna2p were present at normal levels, suggesting that the B subunit is required for full enzymatic activity in vitro. As was observed previously for MATa cna1 cna2 double mutants, MATa cnb1 mutants were defective in their ability to recover from alpha-factor-induced growth arrest. Thus, the B subunit also is required for the function of calcineurin in promoting adaptation of haploid yeast cells to pheromone in vivo.
Reticulum and collagen in the human endometrium.

Abstract Examination of the endometrium from 70 uteri in successive stages of the menstrual cycle and from various physiologic and abnormal states reveals marked variations in the amounts of and arrangements of reticulum and collagen. Increases in reticulum occur during the proliferative and secretory phases of the cycle, in pregnancy, and in states where menstrual activity is in abeyance, as in endometrial hyperplasia or atrophy, or in polyps. Sarcomas of the endometrium contain much reticulum. Dense fibrous collagen is rarely found in the endometrium.
The geographical and bathymetrical distribution of the Fecampiidae (Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela)

All members of the Fecampiidae are endoparasites. Since 1964 when only four species were known, four new species and 11 cocoon types, made by as many unknown species, have been described. The Fecampiidae are distributed in all major oceans from shallow waters to more than 5000 m depth.
The Impact of Community Service Learning Upon the Expected Political Voice of Participating College Students

This study considered the impact of the SERVE Program at Ignatius University upon participating students’ expected political involvement. The SERVE Program is a community service learning program s...