cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The FOSS 2010 Community Report

The purpose of this panel is to disseminate the findings from the related FOSS workshop, a CCC-sponsored exploratory workshop held at University of California, Irvine in February 2010. At the OSS conference we will give first a report of what was learned at the FOSS workshop, and then we will glean important feedback from community members who were unable to be at the FOSS workshop. The four conveners of the FOSS workshop will be the panelists at the OSS conference.
Site Preservation at Palomar Observatory

Palomar Mountain was selected as the site of the 200-inch Hale Telescope in 1934. Since then, and especially over the past decade, the population growth of southern California has had a growing adverse impact on the observatory’s environment. In 1981, a very active program was initiated to work with the local governmental agencies to prevent further deterioration of the conditions as the area continues to become increasingly urbanized. The character and scope of the program are described in the paper, as well as more general observations relating to the site preservations process.
Effect of acid adaptation on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat decontamination washing fluids and potential effects of organic acid interventions on the microbial ecology of the meat plant environment.

The acid tolerance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 may be pH inducible. Correspondingly, organic acid meat decontamination washing fluids may enhance the establishment of acid-adapted E. coli O157:H7 strains in packing plants, especially in mixtures with water washings from meat that may be of sublethal pH. Acid-adapted and nonadapted cultures of a rifampin-resistant derivative of the acid-resistant E. coli O157:H7 strain ATCC 43895 were tested to evaluate their survival in meat-washing fluids over a wide pH range. The cultures were exposed (105 CFU/ml) to acidic (2% lactic acid, 2% acetic acid, or a mixture of the two with water washings at ratios of 1/1, 1/9, or 1/99 [vol/vol]) or nonacid (water) meat washings for up to 14 days at 4 or 10°C storage. E. coli O157:H7 survived in water washings, but the low storage temperatures and predominant natural microbiota synergistically inhibited its growth. Compared with acid-adapted populations, nonadapted populations displayed greater potential for survival and a te...
Edgeworth, Francis Ysidro (1845–1926)

It is only recently that Edgeworth has become fully recognized as one of the greatest economists of his time, as well as one of its greatest statisticians. He was the author of over 300 publications in economics and statistics, so any brief biographical essay must perforce concentrate on just a few topics, those selected here being his life, his masterpiece Mathematical Psychics, and some of his pioneering statistical work. It was only after Edgeworth's classics degree at Oxford that, living privately in London, he started to study law, mathematics, physics, and the social sciences. His work in statistics began only after the uncomprehending reception of Mathematical Psychics in 1882, but it was essentially that work which in 1891 earned him the Drummond professorship at Oxford, a post he retained until 1922. He died at Oxford in 1926.
INEFFICACY OF FRESH FROZEN PLASMA THERAPY OF MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS II

Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter9s syndrome) were given short-term treatment with large infusions of fresh frozen plasma to evaluate recent claims of clinical and chemical improvement by such therapy. Clinical behavior, urine glycosaminoglycans, and skin, serum, and urine acid hydrolases were evaluated by single-blind techniques. There was no noticeable effect of fresh frozen plasma infusion on the performance of these patients. The total urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans was not altered by the infusions and there was no change in the size of the glycosaminoglycan fragments. The abnormal skin activity levels of β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, and N-acetylglucosaminidase were unaltered three days after fresh frozen plasma infusion and, similarly, the abnormal levels of these enzymes in the serum persisted without significant change during the ten days of evaluation.
Earth albedo effects on the orbital variations of Echo I and PAGEOS I

A study is performed to determine the effects on satellite orbits of the force of solar radiation diffusely reflected from the Earth. In particular, the orbits of Echo I and PAGEOS I are studied to determine whether unexplained variations in their orbital elements are due to Earth albedo. Ground-based photometric measurements have confirmed the essential stability of the average radii of curvature of these two balloon satellites during the time interval studied. Expressions are developed which give the effects of albedo on the orbital elements. It is found that this perturbing effect generally acts to decrease the effect of direct solar radiation on the eccentricity and the argument of perigee, but to increase the effect of direct solar radiation on the semi-major axis. Unexplained orbital variations are observed for Echo I from January 1963 to December 1964 and for PAGEOS I from April 1967 to October 1968. Corrections are made for earth oblateness, lunar and solar gravitational fields, atmospheric drag, and direct solar radiation. Using mean albedo measurements from TIROS VII radiometer data, these unexplained variations are identified as earth albedo radiation force perturbations. These albedo perturbations are significant and must be accounted for in order to infer accurate density variations at various global positions at over 1000 km from the Echo I orbital decay, and at over 2000 km from the PAGEOS I orbital decay.
Use of pup in a cup model to study brain development

The pup in a cup artificial rearing procedure allows for experimental manipulation of brain development during the early postnatal brain growth spurt in the rat that coincides with that of the human third trimester. The technique has been used to demonstrate temporal windows of vulnerability to alcohol; the brain appears to be vulnerable to alcohol after most of the neuronal populations have been generated and are starting to differentiate. Alcohol exposure via gastrostomy feeding tubes during the third trimester equivalent results in alterations in neuronal circuitry and deficits in neuronal populations. Some of the alterations are permanent
Safety levels for exposure of cornea and lens to very high-frequency ultrasound.

Objective. Very high-frequency (50-MHz) ultrasound is widely used for imaging the anterior segment of the eye. Our aim was to determine whether exposures to ultrasound at and above those used in diagnostic imaging systems might cause bioeffects in ocular tissues. Methods. We characterized the output parameters of a polyvinylidene difluoride transducer using a needle hydrophone. We exposed sites on the cornea or lens of rabbits for up to 30 minutes at a 10-kHz pulse repetition frequency. Tissue obtained immediately or 24 hours after exposure was examined by light microscopy. A numeric model was implemented to calculate expected temperature elevations in the cornea and lens under experimental conditions. Results. No tissue changes were observed directly or by slit lamp. Light microscopy showed no abnormalities attributable to ultrasound exposure. Simulations showed that even long-term exposures should produce temperature elevations of less than 1°C in both the cornea and lens. Conclusion. With the use of exposure parameters 4 to 5 orders of magnitude greater than encountered in a clinical situation, no tissue changes were observed. This is consistent with the small (0.2°C) temperature rises computed in simulations. The lack of biological effects is attributable to the small dimensions of the focal zone, allowing rapid dissipation of heat, and the low total acoustic
Detecting sharp drops in PageRank and a simplified local partitioning algorithm

We show that whenever there is a sharp drop in the numerical rank defined by a personalized PageRank vector, the location of the drop reveals a cut with small conductance. We then show that for any cut in the graph, and for many starting vertices within that cut, an approximate personalized PageRank vector will have a sharp drop sufficient to produce a cut with conductance nearly as small as the original cut. Using this technique, we produce a nearly linear time local partitioning algorithm whose analysis is simpler than previous algorithms.
Characterization of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-polycarbonate block copolymers

Abstract Shear modulus-temperature curves and swelling behavior of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-bisphenol-A polycarbonate block copolymers were studied. Two glass transitions corresponding to the silicone and polycarbonate phases are found. A correlation of the shear modulus between the two glass transitions and the swelling ratio of the rubbery phase is suggested.
Hemorrhagic Stroke in a Child With Low Total Serum Cholesterol and a Pulsatile Left Ventricular Assist Device

Low serum cholesterol has long been associated with hemorrhagic stroke even though the mechanism for this association has yet to be elucidated. The association of low serum cholesterol with hemorrhagic stroke has been described thus far only in adult studies. There have been no reports of this association in children. We present a case of a hemorrhagic stroke that occurred in a 6-year-old, severely malnourished child who had just received augmentation of cardiac output with a pulsatile left ventricular assist device.
Androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism is associated with cognitive function in older men

Abstract Background Androgen receptors are located throughout the brain, especially in regions involved with learning and memory. Different lengths of a CAG (glutamine) repeat polymorphism in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene may influence androgen action, with longer repeat lengths conferring decreased androgen sensitivity. Methods We sought to determine if this CAG polymorphism was associated with cognition in older men. Results Among 301 community-dwelling white men (mean age, 73.0 ± 7.1), greater CAG repeat length was associated with lower scores on three cognitive tests (p Conclusions Research should be directed at identifying the mechanism for this association and to determine if treatment with testosterone prevents cognitive decline.
Four-point calibration of PVDF sensor using extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors

The performance of sensor systems in smart structures is subject to orientation, installation, and environmental effects. The capability for initial and maintenance calibrations can provide added confidence in sensor information and facilitate investigations of long-term sensor behavior. The use of Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric (EFPI) fiber-optic sensors was examined for calibration of companion strain sensors. The output of the EFPI sensor is periodic with strain and the signal behavior with periodic strain displays well-defined harmonic content. In particular, the strains giving maximums and minimums in the harmonics can be calculated from the excitation wavelength and the EFPI gage length. A Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric strain sensor was surface mounted on a cantilever beam and its voltage-to-strain ratio was precisely calibrated using the accuracy of a co-located EFPI sensor. The experimental responses of both sensors were obtained for a periodic actuation. The PVDF output was calibrated using a linear-fit of the strains obtained from four points in the harmonic response of the reference EFPI sensor. The selected maximum and minimum points of the EFPI harmonics were directly observed with a spectrum analyzer. This fast, efficient approach was performed under resonant conditions with relatively inexpensive demodulation requirements. The results of the calibration compared well with the expected PVDF response.
Intracerebroventricular injection of interleukin-1 stimulates the release of high levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist into peripheral blood in the primate.

Previous studies in the rodent have shown that the cytokine IL-1 can act within the brain to influence peripheral IL-6 secretion. In order to determine if such an interaction occurs in the primate, we have compared the effects of intracerebroventricular vs. intravenous injection of IL-1β on the release of IL-6 into the peripheral circulation of the monkey. The effects of i.c.v. IL-1β on the release of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were studied in parallel. For comparison, we have also measured the release of both IL-6 and IL-1ra into lumbar CSF after i.c.v. IL-1β injection. Ten ovariectomized rhesus monkeys with indwelling lateral ventricular and peripheral venous cannulae were studied. Human rIL-1β (400 ng) was infused either i.c.v. or i.v. over 30 min and blood samples were collected for IL-6 and IL-1ra measurement by monoclonal human ELISAs. Although both i.c.v. and i.v. IL-1β stimulated IL-6 and IL-1ra release into peripheral blood, the stimulation was much more profound after i.c.v. injection (p<0.001). Peak IL-6 levels were 2010±590 pg/ml after i.c.v. IL-1β compared to 243±60 pg/ml after i.v. IL-1β. Peak IL-1ra levels were 61,310±16,190 pg/ml after i.c.v. IL-1β compared to 18,175±4270 pg/ml after i.v. IL-1β. There was no significant effect of an i.c.v. saline infusion on peripheral IL-6 or IL-1ra levels. In four animals, lumbar CSF was collected 7 h after i.c.v. IL-1β injection. The mean concentration of IL-6 in CSF was 103, 570±13,780 pg/ml after i.c.v. IL-1β vs. 224±190 pg/ml after i.c.v. saline injection; IL-1ra was 47,460±6290 pg/ml vs. 1040±550 pg/ml. As expected, both i.c.v. and i.v. IL-β stimulated ACTH and cortisol release; the stimulation was significantly greater after i.c.v. compared to i.v. administration (p<0.001). Thus, in the monkey, i.c.v. injection of IL-1β stimulates the release of large amounts of IL-6 and IL-1ra into the CSF and the peripheral circulation. Both IL-6 and IL-1ra were released into the peripheral circulation to a much greater extent after i.c.v. compared to i.v. IL-1β infusion. These studies provide further support in the primate for a mechanism by which inflammation within the brain could induce a variety of systemic responses.
Agricultural Financial Analysis Expert Systems: Software Description

SUMMARY The Agricultural Financial Analysis Expert Systems (AFAES) include software to prepare: agricultural financial statements; analysis summaries and graphic presentations of the analysis; and expert systems that present a diagnostic analysis of the financial statement data. In addition, there is a lender data base management system (STANDARDS) to check borrower documentation, to compare borrower data to lender standards and to summarize data from the lender portfolio of borrowers. Using AFAES software helps organize financial data in a format following accounting procedures. The expert system provides a consistent diagnostic analysis of financial data useful to both producers and lender. AFAES is developed to interface with existing accounting and financial statement software or lender data bases. AFAES not only has been developed and verified in Texas but also its development has involved two national task forces, land-grant university professionals, software vendors, accountants, lenders and representatives of regulatory agencies. Experience gained through development and verification efforts indicate that expert systems technology will be a valuable tool to enhance knowledge delivery by agricultural economists. Economics and finance are areas where expertise is often limited, leading to inadequate use of data and analysis tools by producers, lenders and educators. Expert systems offer a significant delivery technology.
Oxidative stress: new approaches to diagnosis and prognosis in atherosclerosis

Oxidative modifications of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have been proposed to play a critical role in atherogenesis. To test the role of proposed antioxidants in inhibiting LDL oxidation and vascular disease, it is important to identify the biologically relevant sources of oxidative stress in the human arterial wall. Mass spectrometric (MS) quantification of oxidized amino acids in proteins was used as a "molecular fingerprint" to identify the pathways that inflict oxidative damage in vivo. For example, myeloperoxidase is expressed in macrophages in human atherosclerotic lesions, and immunohistochemical studies suggest that it might be a pathway for LDL oxidation. We found that hypochlorous acid, tyrosyl radical, and reactive nitrogen species generated by myeloperoxidase each yielded a unique pattern of protein oxidation products in vitro. MS analysis of human atherosclerotic tissue revealed a similar pattern of oxidation products. This strategy has pinpointed myeloperoxidase as a pathway that promotes LDL oxidation in the human artery wall. It is noteworthy that vitamin E fails to inhibit LDL oxidation by myeloperoxidase in vitro. Because the utility of an antioxidant depends critically on the nature of the oxidant that inflicts tissue damage, interventions that specifically inhibit physiologically relevant pathways would be logical candidates for clinical trials of antioxidants. Such a rational approach to therapy is likely to accelerate progress against oxidative stress and coronary artery disease.
Dextran 70 Embolization: Another Cause of Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Coagulopathy, and Rhabdomyolysis

Thirty-two percent dextran 70 is a highly viscous polysaccharide liquid used for uterine distention during hysteroscopy. Although generally safe, this agent has been recognized recently to cause noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, renal insufficiency, and intravascular coagulopathy. We report a case of acute 32 percent dextran 70 embolization, associated with intravascular coagulopathy, bilateral lung infiltrates, and rhabdomyolysis, recognized initially by hemoptysis and pleuritic chest pain while the patient was in the recovery room following a hysteroscopic procedure. Pulmonary, anesthesiology, and critical care physicians should be aware of these potential complications of hysteroscopie surgery.
Thermodynamic characterization of the binding interaction between the histone demethylase LSD1/KDM1 and CoREST.

Flavin-dependent histone demethylases catalyze the posttranslational oxidative demethylation of mono- and dimethylated lysine residues, producing formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide in addition to the corresponding demethylated protein. In vivo, histone demethylase LSD1 (KDM1; BCH110) is a component of the multiprotein complex that includes histone deacetylases (HDAC 1 and 2) and the scaffolding protein CoREST. Although little is known about the affinities of or the structural basis for the interaction between CoREST and HDACs, the structure of CoREST286−482 bound to an α-helical coiled-coil tower domain within LSD1 has recently been reported. Given the significance of CoREST in directing demethylation to specific nucleosomal substrates, insight into the molecular basis of the interaction between CoREST and LSD1 may suggest a new means of inhibiting LSD1 activity by misdirecting the enzyme away from nucleosomal substrates. Toward this end, isothermal titration calorimetry studies were conducted to determin...
An experimental investigation into dynamic fracture: I. Crack initiation and arrest

Problems of dynamic crack propagation are examined experimentally in a series of four papers. In this paper, the first of this series, crack initiation and arrest are investigated in thin sheets of Homalite-100. It is found that as the rate of loading increases to as high as 105 MPa/sec, the stress intensity factor required to initiate crack growth increases markedly. Crack arrest resulting from a simulated pressurized semi-infinite crack in an unbounded medium was found to occur abruptly. There was no continuous deceleration and the crack always stopped at a constant value of the stress intensity factor, which value was lower than the stress intensity factor required for quasi-static crack growth initiation. The second paper in this series deals with the occurrence of micro cracks at the front of the running main crack which control the rate of crack growth. The micro cracks are recorded by real time photography. By the same means it is shown that these micro cracks grow and turn away smoothly from the direction of the main crack in the process of branching. The third contribution establishes the hitherto unreported occurrence that cracks can propagate rapidly with constant velocity even though the stress intensity factor varies considerably during this propagation. This velocity is determined by the initial stress wave loading on the crack tip, and is changed, within limits, only by stress pulses of sufficient magnitude and brevity of rise time. The final paper in the series deals with the effect of stress waves on the behavior of running cracks, in particular with the influence of stress waves on the branching phenomenon. Also, crack curving under transient stress waves is examined. These results are believed to apply to materials other than Homalite 100 and the reasons for this belief are discussed in this first contribution.
Telephone vs. mail survey gives different SF-36 quality-of-life scores among cancer survivors

Abstract Objective To assess whether SF-36 quality-of-life (QOL) subscale scores varied across two survey modes controlling for cancer type and diagnosis cohort. Study Design and Setting Stratified random samples of 720 cancer survivors from six cancer types and three time-since diagnosis cohorts were selected from two state cancer registries. Selected survivors were randomly assigned to mail, telephone, or choice of these for survey administration. This study analyzes completed questionnaires obtained from 140 and 155 survivors who were assigned to telephone and mail, respectively. Results A significant multivariate effect for survey mode was noted. Mean levels for each subscale controlling for age and accounting for cancer type were higher for telephone compared to mail respondents; significant differences were noted for vitality, role physical, and mental health. The impact of cancer type on QOL subscales was not significant, and the effect of mode was consistent across cancer type. Conclusions Previous findings in mode effects for the SF-36 are reproduced here among cancer survivors who may feel more comfortable revealing physical and emotional deficits via mail rather than by telephone. For cancer survivors, it may be that “social desirability” favors responses implying more functioning be it perceived, mental, or physical.
Tabasco Beach-Ridge Plain: an Eroding Coast: ABSTRACT

The beach-ridge plain in the state of Tabasco, Mexico, is undergoing erosion today. It has not been growing for at least 50 years, and perhaps for as long as several centuries. Ten lines of evidence, including some severe limiting dates, substantiate this analysis. The numerous beach ridges, however, indicate that, prior to the present epoch, there was a long interval of growth. The area has gone through a late Holocene history having 2 main parts: (1) a littoral economy of abundance of sand, during which the beach-ridge plain was built; and (2) a littoral economy of scarcity of sand, during which the edge of the plain has been attacked by erosion. This history coincides with that of other beach-ridge plains in North and South America. We conclude that the equilibrium beaches of the world have undergone a shift in the last few centuries, or are now undergoing a shift, from dominant deposition to dominant erosion. The problem of essentially worldwide coastal erosion is, therefore, increasing. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1700------------
Immune regulation in myasthenia gravis: Evidence for an increased suppressor T-cell population

The production of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis represe-hyphen;ts a peresents a persistent and unexplained break in self-tolerance. The studies reported here demonstrate an altered regulatory T-cell population with an increase in the percentage of circulation T-suppress cells as defined by two independently developed murine Monoclonal antibody markers. Leu 2a- and OKT8a-positive cells were significantly increased within the T-cell population in myasthenia gravis (25.0 ± 6.4% versus 20.7 ± 2.9% and 34.9 ± 7.0% versus 26.0 ± 3.2%, respectively) compard to an age- and sex-equivalent group. In addition, the circulating total T-cell population was reduced in myasthenia gravis. Patients with symptomatically uncontrolled disease (with or without immunosuppression) demonstrated significantly altered ratios of helper to suppressor T-cells, while patients whose myasthenia symptoms were controlled did not differ from normal subjects.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Conformations of 10,10-Spiro-Bilirubins

Crystal structure determinations of two novel bilirubin analogs with spirocyclohexyl and spirofluorenyl groups at C(10) are reported. Conformation-determining torsion angles and key hydrogen bond distances and angles are compared to those from molecular dynamics calculations, and to the corresponding data from X-ray determinations and molecular dynamics calculations of bilirubin. Like bilirubin, the component dipyrrinones of spirocyclohexyl and spirofluorenyl rubins are present in the bis-lactam form with (Z)-configuration double bonds at C(4) and C(15). Their crystal structures show considerable similarity to that of bilirubin: both pigments adopt a folded, intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded ridge-tile conformation stabilized by six hydrogen bonds. The interplanar angle of the spirocyclohexyl ridge-tile is nearly the same (94°) as that of bilirubin (∼95°), but the interplanar angle of the spirofluorenyl ridge-tile is noticeably smaller (84°). The hydrogen bond distances of both spiro-rubin crystal structures are generally longer by 0.1–0.2A than those in bilirubin. Both new pigments exhibit excellent lipophilicity and, unlike bilirubin, are soluble in methanol.
Metal-support effects in Pt/L-zeolite catalysts

A series of Pt/L-zeolites with different cations (varying acidity) were prepared and characterized by H2 and CO chemisorption and competitive toluene/benzene hydrogenation. The ratio of adsorption equilibrium constants for toluene/benzene was extracted from rates of hydrogenation. The variation of this ratio across a series of alkaline-earth exchanged Pt/L-zeolites indicates that there is a varying support interaction with Pt clusters in the zeolite and suggests that the clusters interact electronically with the support.
Virtual Screening for Experimentalists _ a Xgrid-Powered Web Server

Virtual-screening has emerged as an attractive strategy for discovering inhibitors of biological systems, especially for systems in which appropriate high-throughput assays are absent. Despite the potential benefits, challenges such as insufficient computational resources and lack of experiences often present a barrier that consequently limit a wider use of the technology among experimentalists. A virtual-screen web server aimed at lowering this barrier and providing a practical tool to the general scientific community has been developed (http://omg.phy.umassd.edu/xvHTS/). The server offers “experience” and resources by incorporating a validated screening protocol, and utilizing distributed computing resources, a concept that mirrors the Folding@Home project. The user-friendly interface of the server provides graphical supports that enables novice users to start a virtual screening project by simply providing a PDB code, and optionally customize by a few mouse-clicks. The back-end is driven by xgrid technology, a built-in capability in the Macintosh operating platform that efficiently utilizes idle computing resources over the grid-network. When in execution, parallel docking processes are dispatched onto the grid, the results are analyzed, and returned to the users in an easy-to-interpret fashion. This xgrid-powered virtual-screening web server lays out a foundation for large-scale screening with great growth potential. The “embarrassingly parallel” nature of virtual-screening allows virtually unlimited scalability as more idle CPUs become available over the grid-network. Joining the grid is trivial, and does not require any installation. This website is beneficial to the general scientific community, and thus deserves exposures to both potential users and donors. A successful application of the screening protocol is presented in the discovery of novel inhibitors of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFR). Without the availability of high-throughput assays, two anti-EGFR inhibitors are discovered by virtual-screening a compound library, and confirmed by subsequent low-throughput biochemical assays.
An efficient hybrid direct-vague fuzzy moves system using fuzzy-rules-based precise rules

Abstract In this paper, a game transformation is proposed to enable a player to get a globally reasonable goal which is not only as advantageous to his own side as possible but also as disadvantageous to his opponent as possible. The Theory of Fuzzy Moves (TFM), based on the Theory of Moves (TOM) and game theory, is suitable for making a player reach a relatively good fuzzy outcome. Through analysis, we have found that only some of the fuzzy moves' rules are vague (i.e. fuzzy), and the others are direct (i.e. precise). We have found that (1) for the direct rules, the hybrid system is fault-tolerant and stable; (2) for the vague rules, the hybrid system is sensitive for the relevant players' fuzzy payoffs and globally strategic goals since there exist sensitive points or curves. Through the mathematical simplification of the vague rules' inference, we can finally construct the hybrid direct-vague fuzzy moves system by directly using the simple mathematical mapping functions without using the conventional fuzzification, fuzzy inference, and defuzzification. Importantly, the hybrid direct-vague fuzzy moves system with the simple mapping functions can run much more quickly than the fuzzy moves system with the complex fuzzy mapping functions. Finally, some typical examples of globally optimal fuzzy moves have shown that the hybrid direct-vague fuzzy moves system is stable and fault-tolerant enough to deal with the fuzzy moves in dynamic and uncertain situations.
Influence of Moisture Content and Temperature on Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Rice Flours

The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity for four types of rice flours and one type of rice protein were determined at temperatures ranging from 4.8 to 36.8 °C, bulk densities 535 to 875.8 kg m−3, and moisture contents 2.6 to 16.7% (w.b.), using a KD2 Thermal Properties Analyzer. The thermal conductivity of rice flours and rice protein increased with the increase in temperature, moisture content as well as with increase in bulk density. Thermal diffusivity decreased with increase in moisture content, increase in temperature and bulk density. The thermal conductivities values obtained were within the range of 0.045 to 0.124 W m−1 K−1 whereas the thermal diffusivity values were in the range of 0.094 to 0.138 mm2 s−1.
Contribution of inverse neutral bremsstrahlung to the absorption coefficient of heated air

Abstract The contributions to the spectral adsorption coefficient of inverse bremsstrahlung from electrons in the fields of neutral oxygen and nitrogen atoms and nitrogen molecules are tabulated for air temperature of 4000–12 000°K and for photon energies of 0·6–3·0 eV. The atomic and total contributions are tabulated separately, since the molecular contributions may well be evaluated significantly more accurately in the future. For brevity, values are given at only four air densities.
Dependence of (0001) GaN/AlN valence band discontinuity on growth temperature and surface reconstruction

X ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies have been used to determine the heterojunction valence band discontinuity at the (0001) GaN/AlN interface. Type I discontinuity values of 0.5±0.2 eV were determined for GaN grown on AlN at 650 °C and 0.8±0.2 eV for GaN grown on AlN at 800 °C. These values are critically evaluated with respect to film quality, the results of other experimental studies, and theory.
Clastic dike swarms and the structural evolution of the foreland fold and thrust belt of the southern Andes

Clastic dike swarms are intruded into a Cenozoic foreland fold and thrust belt in southern Chile. The dike material consists of sandstone and conglomerate with clasts as much as 25 cm in diameter. Brecciated wall rocks are also found in the clastic matrix. The dikes often exceed 50 cm in width and hundred? of metres in length in outcrop and are oriented overwhelmingly transverse to fold axes and parallel to cross joints. The dike swarms are concentrated near the “toe” of major thrusts, where they are found injected into the hanging wall. A regional axial planar spaced cleavage is developed in the clastic dikes and sills, clearly postdating injection of clastic material. Dike injection postdates at least the initiation of extension fractures (the cross-joint set). Within the swarms, the dike intrusions represent as much as 20% extension parallel to fold axes, in addition to several percent extension represented regionally by the cross joints. The structural features of the dike swarms and their geometric relationship to other structures suggest rapid, single-phase injection. The arrival of the front edge of a thrust on an already highly overpressured sedimentary sequence would cause an “instantaneous” increase in the overburden pressure and therefore could result in injection of a dense “slurry” of wet, coarse sediments along preexisting planes of weakness. Field relationships of mesoscopic structures suggest the following evolution: cross-joint development, incipient cleavage development, initiation of thrusting and buckling, clastic dike injection, regional spaced-cleavage development, and associated late-stage tightening of folds.
Theory and application of dynamic decoupling in structural analysis: Another view

We recently developed a new component mode synthesis method that combines the computational efficiency of the well-known constraint mode approach with the dynamic compensation accuracy obtained by higher-order expansion methods. A tuning parameter, designated as the centering frequency, controls the dynamic range of the quasi-static mode. In this paper, we present criteria for selecting the centering frequency as well as for determining the number of sets of quasi-static modes that should be included in low-frequency and banded, mid-frequency response calculations.
Introduction to the special feature on complex PTSD.

This issue contains a Special Feature—an example of the changes I pledged when I took over editorship of the Journal of Traumatic Stress (JTS; Weiss, 2011)—a discussion and analysis of the current status of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) with regard to the DSM-5. Spurred by a report on best practices for clinicians from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) Task Force for CPTSD (Cloitre et al., 2011), I invited Resick et al. (2012a) to submit a comprehensive review of the literature about CPTSD. The reviews of that manuscript that I solicited evolved into a set of comments (Bryant, 2012; Goodman, 2012; Herman, 2012; Lindauer, 2012) and, as is JTS policy, Resick et al. (2012b) were offered and accepted the chance to craft a reply. The status of CPTSD is controversial, and as the contributions note, the controversy is not new. My goal in placing the articles in JTS was to stimulate discussion and thought about CPTSD, the nature of evidence, the nature of mental health diagnosis and mental health disorder, and finally the role that official and organized institutions (the American Psychiatric Association [APA] and the World Health Organization [WHO]) play in the advancement of understanding and in the shaping of research and scientific agendas. At the very least, I have been successful in that goal in one case: As I edited the contributions my thinking about these matters stimulated my decision to craft the Editorial included in this issue. I am hopeful that authors of empirical work addressing one or more of the many questions raised in this set of articles will help JTS present these issues to our readership and the field over the next several years. I want to make explicit that the appearance of the extended review by Resick et al. (2012a) does not constitute either an endorsement or rejection of its conclusion, any more than the appearance of the comments represent an endorsement or rejection of their conclusion(s). I have my own thoughts about the conceptual approach, and these are set forth in the Editorial, but
The effects of calling song spacing and intensity on the attraction of flying crickets (orthoptera: Goryllidae: Nemobiinae)

Previous studies have shown that sexually signaling males across different taxa show stereotyped spacing behavior that may be related to aspects of their signals, such as intensity. However, few studies have shown that the separation between signaling males affects their relative attractiveness. Using two sound traps broadcasting the calling song of the cricketEunemobius carolinus, we show that the separation, relative intensity, and absolute intensity of the calling songs influence calling song attractiveness. For calling songs separated by 5 m, the proportion of individuals attracted to the higher intensity song increased as the relative intensity difference of the two songs increased from 3 to 6 dB. For calling songs that differed by 6 dB, relative attraction to the less intense song decreased with decreasing song separation. These two results are consistent with the predictions of a model (Forrest and Raspet, 1994) that suggests that dense spacing is more costly for less powerful singers and that this cost increases with increasing differences in relative intensity. When the relative intensity of the songs was held constant (6 dB), we found that discrimination between songs decreases as the song absolute intensity increases. In particular, a greater proportion of individuals was attracted to the high-intensity song when the songs were broadcast at 103 and 97 dB than when the songs were broadcast at 109 and 103 dB. Unlike mammals and birds, the ability ofE. carolinus to discriminate between songs that differ in intensity may decrease as the absolute intensity increases. This may mean that females are less discriminating when they are closer to singing males.
Fixed field gradient NMR diffusion measurements using bessel function fits to the spin-echo signal

Abstract A new technique for diffusion measurement by NMR using a fixed field gradient is described. The method makes use of a Bessel function fit analysis to the spin-echo signal in order to determine both the applied gradient and the diffusion coefficient simultaneously. Results of tests of the method using water and benzene are presented, and the utility of the technique is demonstrated with a report of preliminary results for a determination of the diffusion of naphthalene dissolved in compressed supercritical carbon dioxide.
Comprehensive analysis of particle motion under non-uniform AC electric fields in a microchannel

AC electrokinetics is rapidly becoming a foundational tool for lab-on-a-chip systems due to its versatility and the simplicity of the components capable of generating them. Predicting the behavior of fluids and particles under non-uniform AC electric fields is important for the design of next generation devices. Though there are several important phenomena that contribute to the overall behavior of particles and fluids, current predictive techniques consider special conditions where only a single phenomenon may be considered. We report a 2D numerical simulation, using COMSOL Multiphysics, which incorporates the three major AC electrokinetic phenomena (dielectrophoresis, AC electroosmosis and electrothermal effect) and is valid for a wide range of operational conditions. Corroboration has been performed using experimental conditions that mimic those of the simulation and shows good qualitative agreement. Furthermore, a broad range of experiments has been performed using four of the most widely reported devices under varying conditions in order to show their behavior as it relates to the simulation. The large number of experimental conditions reported, together with the comprehensive numerical simulation, will help provide guidelines for scientists and engineers interested in incorporating AC electrokinetics into their lab-on-a-chip systems.
Expression of truncated Int6/eIF3e in mammary alveolar epithelium leads to persistent hyperplasia and tumorigenesis

Introduction Int6 has been shown to be an interactive participant with the protein translation initiation complex eIF3, the COP9 signalosome and the regulatory lid of the 26S proteasome. Insertion of mouse mammary tumor virus into the Int6 locus creates a C-terminally truncated form of the protein. Expression of the truncated form of Int6 (Int6sh) in stably transfected human and mouse mammary epithelial cell lines leads to cellular transformation. In addition, decreased expression of Int6/eIF3e is observed in approximately one third of all human breast carcinomas.
Mirroring an OAI archive on the I2-DSI channel

The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) promotes interoperability among digital libraries and has created a protocol for data providers to easily export their metadata. One problem with this approach is that some of the more popular servers quickly become heavily loaded. The obvious solution is replication. Fortunately, the Internet-2 Distributed Storage Infrastructure (I2-DSI) has begun to develop technology for highly distributed transparent replication of servers. This paper presents our solution for transparent mirroring of OAI repositories within the I2-DSI.
Speckle correlations in the light reflected and transmitted by metal films with rough surfaces: surface wave effects

Abstract Diagrammatic perturbation theory is used to compute the angular intensity correlation function for p-polarized light reflected from, and transmitted through, a thin, free-standing, metallic film. The illuminated surface of the film is taken to be a weakly rough, one-dimensional, random surface and the back surface is planar. Contributions to the angular intensity correlation function in both reflection and transmission include: (a) short-range memory effect and time-reversed memory effect terms, C(1); (b) an additional short-range term of comparable magnitude C(10); (c) a long-range term C(2); (d) an infinite-range term C(3); and (e) a term C(1.5) that along with C(2) displays peaks associated with the excitation of the two surface plasmon polaritons supported by the film. The new features in these correlation functions for the reflection of light from, and its transmission through, the rough film, in comparison with those for the reflection of light from a semi-infinite metal with a random surface, are the presence of additional peaks in C(1) and C(2) occurring when conditions involving the difference of the wave numbers of the two surface plasmon polaritons at the frequency of the incident light are satisfied. New, additional, resonant peaks are also present in C(1.5). These, however, are a consequence of the existence of two surface plasmon polaritons instead of one, and have the same origin as the peaks in C(1.5) in reflection from a semi-infinite metal with a random surface.
Identification of alternative pathway serum complement activity in the blood of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

Abstract Incubation of different dilutions of alligator serum with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) that had not been sensitized with antibodies resulted in concentration-dependent hemolytic activity. This hemolytic activity was not affected by the presence of ammonium hydroxide and methylamine, known inactivators of the classical complement cascade. However, the hemolytic activities were inhibited by EDTA and salicylaldoxime, indicating that the alternate pathway is primarily responsible for these activities. Immunofixation of electrophoretically-resolved alligator serum proteins with antihuman C3 polyclonal antibodies resulted in detection of a protein antigenically similar to human C3 in alligator serum. SDS-PAGE, followed by Western blot analysis, revealed the presence of two alligator serum proteins with nearly identical molecular weights as human C3α and C3β. SRBC hemolysis and antibacterial activity by alligator serum was significantly reduced in the presence of antihuman C3 antibodies. The hemolytic effect of alligator serum was shown to occur rapidly, with significant activity within 5 min and maximal activity occurring at 15 min. SRBC hemolysis was also temperature-dependent, with reduced activity below 15 °C and above 30 °C. These data suggest that the antibiotic properties of alligator serum are partially due to the presence of a complement-facilitated humoral immune response analogous to that described in mammalian systems.
Gamma-irradiated plant callus tissue: Cytokinins from transfer ribonucleic acid

Callus tissue ofHaworthia mirabilis Haw. was irradiated with60Co gamma rays. tRNA was isolated, hydrolyzed enzymatically, and cytokinin-active ribonucleosides were separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and assayed with the tobaccocallus cytokinin bioassay. Three cytokinins were detected in tRNA from irradiated tissue, two of which chromatographed with zeatin riboside and N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenosine. The third cytokinin-active ribonucleoside was retained longer than the above compounds on the Sephadex column and may be 2-methylthio-N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenosine. Two cytokinins were detected in tRNA from nonirradiated tissue—those chromatographed with zeatin riboside and N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenosine. Relationships between cytokinins from tRNA and free cytokinins found in tissue earlier are discussed.
Polyimines Mutagenic for Bacteriophage T4B

CERTAIN highly reactive polyimines have been suggested for use as sterilizing agents in the control of insect populations1. These compounds are radiomimetic, and the possibility arises that they are mutagenic. The mutageni c activities of four such compounds have been examined by testing for the induction of r mutants in bacteriophage T4B: 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexa(l-aziridinyl)-2,4,6-triphospha-l,3,5-triazine (‘Apholate’)2, tris(l-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide (APO)3, tris (1-(2-methyl) aziridinyl) phosphine oxide (MAPO)3, and ethylene glycol bis-((1,2) propylene)-carboxamide (EGPC)3.
Precision adjustment of the transpalatal lingual arch: Computer arch form predetermination

Correction of widths and axial inclinations with a transpalatal lingual arch has the advantage of distributing forces across the arch, thus minimizing undesirable side effects. The proper shape of an arch to deliver the required force systems for both unilateral and bilateral width change was determined by using an analytical approach which enabled the deactivated shape of the arch to be established and drawn by computer. The transpalatal lingual arch is extremely sensitive to shape in producing a force system. The critical nature of this shape requires the clinician to understand the over-all pattern of properly forming the arch for various applications and the clinical procedures for evaluation before final insertion. The deactivated shape and the force systems for representative applications are presented; these differ significantly from the concept of the ideally shaped wire.