cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Phase I Clinical Trial of Single-Dose Intrapleural IFN-β Gene Transfer for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and Metastatic Pleural Effusions: High Rate of Antitumor Immune Responses

Purpose: This phase 1 dose escalation study evaluated the safety and feasibility of single-dose intrapleural IFN-β gene transfer using an adenoviral vector (Ad.IFN-β) in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and metastatic pleural effusions (MPE). Experimental Design: Ad.IFN-β was administered through an indwelling pleural catheter in doses ranging from 9 × 10 11 to 3 × 10 12 viral particles (vp) in two cohorts of patients with MPM (7 patients) and MPE (3 patients). Subjects were evaluated for ( a ) toxicity, ( b ) gene transfer, ( c ) humoral, cellular, and cytokine-mediated immune responses, and ( d ) tumor responses via 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scans and chest computed tomography scans. Results: Intrapleural Ad.IFN-β was generally well tolerated with transient lymphopenia as the most common side effect. The maximally tolerated dose achieved was 9 × 10 11 vp secondary to idiosyncratic dose-limiting toxicities (hypoxia and liver function abnormalities) in two patients treated at 3 × 10 12 vp. The presence of the vector did not elicit a marked cellular infiltrate in the pleural space. Intrapleural levels of cytokines were highly variable at baseline and after response to gene transfer. Gene transfer was documented in 7 of the 10 patients by demonstration of IFN-β message or protein. Antitumor immune responses were elicited in 7 of the 10 patients and included the detection of cytotoxic T cells (1 patient), activation of circulating natural killer cells (2 patients), and humoral responses to known (Simian virus 40 large T antigen and mesothelin) and unknown tumor antigens (7 patients). Four of 10 patients showed meaningful clinical responses defined as disease stability and/or regression on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and computed tomography scans at day 60 after vector infusion. Conclusions: Intrapleural instillation of Ad.IFN-β is a potentially useful approach for the generation of antitumor immune responses in MPM and MPE patients and should be investigated further for overall clinical efficacy.
A Communication Researchers' Guide to Null Hypothesis Significance Testing and Alternatives.

This paper offers a practical guide to use null hypotheses significance testing and its alternatives. The focus is on improving the quality of statistical inference in quantitative communication research. More consistent reporting of descriptive statistics, estimates of effect size, confidence intervals around effect sizes, and increasing the statistical power of tests would lead to needed improvements over current practices. Alternatives including confidence intervals, effect tests, equivalence tests, and meta-analysis are discussed.
Low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure and progression of coronary atherosclerosis.

Objectives We investigated coronary atheroma progression in patients with low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Background Low LDL-C and SBP beneficially impact coronary atherosclerosis. However, the association between intensive control of both risk factors and coronary plaque progression remains unclear. Methods Changes in atheroma burden monitored by intravascular ultrasound were studied in 3,437 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who were stratified according to on-treatment LDL-C and SBP. Results Patients with very low LDL-C (≤70 mg/dl) and normal SBP (≤120 mm Hg) had less progression in percent atheroma volume (PAV) (p 120 mm Hg, very low LDL-C was associated with less progression of PAV (+0.30%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.17% to 0.77% vs. +0.61%, 95% CI: 0.17% to 1.05%, p = 0.01) and TAV (−3.9 mm 3 , 95% CI: −7.24 to −0.63 mm 3 vs. −1.2 mm 3 , 95% CI: −4.31 to 1.92 mm 3 , p = 0.001). In patients with LDL-C >70 mg/dl, normal SBP was not associated with less progression of PAV (+0.51%, 95% CI: 0.04% to 0.99% vs. +0.61%, 95% CI: 0.17% to 1.05%, p = 0.159) or TAV (−2.3 mm 3 , 95% CI: −5.59 to 1.05 mm 3 vs. −1.2 mm 3 , 95% CI: −4.31 to 1.92 mm 3 , p = 0.617). Conclusions Very low LDL-C and normal SBP are associated with the slowest progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Although a greater beneficial association is observed in patients with very low LDL-C, these findings suggest the need for intensive control of global risk in patients with CAD.
A 200 mm SiGe-HBT BiCMOS technology for mixed signal applications

A BiCMOS technology including 0.25 /spl mu/m electrical channel length (L/sub EFF/) nFET and pFET CMOS devices and 60 GHz f/sub max/ SiGe-HBT transistors has been achieved on 200 mm wafers. Both CMOS circuits and SiGe-HBT analog circuits were fabricated on the same chip to demonstrate the high integration capabilities of the technology. The CMOS circuits include CMOS ring oscillators and a 64 k SRAM with a 34 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cell size. The SiGe-HBT circuits include ECL ring oscillators and a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). This is the highest level of integration yet achieved for any SiGe-base bipolar technology.
Painless papules on the hands

From Is Br Bo Fund Conf A 56-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of a progressive asymptomatic papular eruption that began on the dorsal surfaces of his thumbs (Fig 1, A). The physical examination revealed hundreds of monomorphic firm, clustered 1to 2-mm skin-colored papules that were symmetrically distributed on the dorsal surfaces of his hands, arms, upper back, neck, and forehead (Fig 1, B). The hands were notable for skin thickening over the proximal interphalangeal joints (Fig 1, C ). A skin biopsy specimen obtained from a papule on the dorsal surface of one of his hands revealed marked fibroblast proliferation and increased collagen with separation of fibers in the papillary dermis (Fig 2, A, hematoxylin and eosin stain) caused by diffuse dermal mucin (Fig 2, B, alcian blue stain). Serum thyroid studies were within normal limits. 1. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Hysteresis in traffic flow revisited: An improved measurement method

This paper presents new insights on the hysteresis phenomenon in congested freeway traffic. It is found that existing theories based on different driver behavior for acceleration and deceleration are incomplete. The data suggests that one needs to consider aggressive and timid driver behavior as well. These findings are based on an improved method for measuring traffic flow variables from trajectory data consistently with kinematic wave theory.
The spread of the High toned /il/ in Seoul Korean: from "one" to other meanings

Seoul Korean is known to show a LH-LH phrasal tonal pattern in an Accentual Phrase (AP), unless an AP-initial consonant is tensed or aspirated (Jun 1993, 2000). Since an AP shows LHLH unless the phrase-initial segment is tensed or aspirated, a vowel-initial AP is expected to show LHLH. However, Jun & Cha (2011) report that an AP-initial /il/ is sometimes produced with a H tone. Their study finds that i) younger speakers aged less than the mid 40s are more likely to produce /il/ with a H tone; ii) out of three meanings of /il/, ‘one (1)’, ‘day’, and ‘work’, /il/ meaning ‘one’ is most frequently produced with a H tone; iii) the High toned /il/ seems to be a unique feature of Seoul Korean. Since Jun & Cha (2011) is the only previous study on the phenomenon, there is still much to be learned about its development. In particular, considering that many studies on linguistic changes have shown that a linguistic change is the most advanced among adolescents (e.g., Trudgill, 1974; Labov, 2001; and among others), it is hard to fully describe a developing sound change without investigating teenagers. Thus, I examine the High toned /il/ phenomenon by conducting a production experiment with 40 speakers of Seoul Korean and I provide further evidence that the phenomenon is spread to all meanings of /il/.
On One-Dimensional Integrable Quantum Systems with Infinitely Many Degrees of Freedom

We study one-dimensional quantum systems whose S-operator conserves the incoming momenta and particle identities. A survey of systems with known S-operators and an approach for solving them rigorously are presented, and several problems and conjectures are formulated. Subsequently, this approach is used to arrive at relativistic dynamics whose S-operators are those of the Ising model in the scaling limit and of the Federbush model. An invariance property of the wave and scattering operators is discovered and argued to hold at the classical level, too.
Measuring ISP topologies with Rocketfuel

To date, realistic ISP topologies have not been accessible to the research community, leaving work that depends on topology on an uncertain footing. In this paper, we present new Internet mapping techniques that have enabled us to measure router-level ISP topologies. Our techniques reduce the number of required traces compared to a brute-force, all-to-all approach by three orders of magnitude without a significant loss in accuracy. They include the use of BGP routing tables to focus the measurements, the elimination of redundant measurements by exploiting properties of IP routing, better alias resolution, and the use of DNS to divide each map into POPs and backbone. We collect maps from ten diverse ISPs using our techniques, and find that our maps are substantially more complete than those of earlier Internet mapping efforts. We also report on properties of these maps, including the size of POPs, distribution of router outdegree, and the interdomain peering structure. As part of this work, we release our maps to the community.
A Multidisciplinary Review of Research on the Distributional Effects of Raising Social Security's Early Entitlement Age

When estimating potential adversity caused by an increase in the early entitlement age (EEA), findings from both the EEA literature and the broader public health literature do not suggest that the Social Security – covered worker population can be easily separated into two groups – an unaffected or low-risk group and an easily identifiable vulnerable or high-risk group. This evidence appears largely supportive of the conclusions reached by the retired-worker benefit’s original designers and may suggest implementation difficulties for proposals that seek to raise the EEA, while protecting groups deemed by the proposers to be adversely affected by that increase. Because the risks insured against by the retired-worker benefit are not limited to an easily identifiable segment of the population, the universality of Old-Age Insurance under current law may better match the underlying exposure to risk in the insured population than a targeted or needs-based alternative.
Allies Forging Collective Identity: Embodiment and Emotions on the Migrant Trail

*† This article examines how embodied experience and the accompanying emotions help social movement allies to forge collective identity. The analysis is based on the Migrant Trail, an annual protest event in which allies of the border-justice movement spend a week walking seventy-five miles through the U.S.-Mexico borderlands to protest migrant deaths. Original data include four years of participant observation, interviews conducted during the 2011 Migrant Trail, and surveys conducted a year and a half after the event. Findings suggest that embodied and emotional experiences help allies overcome challenges such as social distance from beneficiaries, a lack of credibility in the movement, and no lineage of resistance. This study contributes to an understanding of collective identity formation among allies and offers an illustrative case for the important role embodiment plays in the emotions of collective action.
Generalization of the variational nodal method to spherical harmonics approximations in R-Z geometry

The variational nodal method is generalized to include R-Z geometry. Spherical harmonic trial functions in angle are combined with orthonormal polynomials in space to discretize the multigroup equa...
Broadband Penetration and GDP Growth: An Econometric Evaluation

In this paper I investigate the economic returns to broadband penetration, by testing endogenous growth models of broadband and GDP growth rates in 204 countries, with particular attention to low-income countries to assess the potential of this infrastructure as a tool for development. Using macroeconomic data from the World Bank and technology data from the International Telecommunications Union, and restricting the analysis to more recent years, I find that previous results of a World Bank study on the impact of broadband on GDP growth to be insignificant. The impact of broadband is highly sensitive to the specification, but I find a positive and significant relationship. Using a panel data with fixed-effects approach, I conclude a 1 percent increase in broadband penetration leads to a 0.14 to 0.46 percentage point increase in GDP growth in low- and middle-income countries.
Going Somewhere: Maternal Infanticide and the Ethics of Judgment

This essay explores several, interconnected issues: the representation of crisis, and, in the case of infanticide, representation in crisis; and the ethics and aesthetics of judgment. I do not intend to engage the substantive legal nature of maternal infanticide, except as it concerns my interest in the symbolic systems by which we represent this event and thereby accommodate it within our culture. My interest in infanticide as a problem of aesthetic and ethical representation should not be interpreted as indifference to the act of child murder. I believe it is necessary, however, to recognize that the fraught and politically charged nature of representations of violent women, whether those representations are sympathetic or hostile, makes the question of how we come to judgment, upon what narrative of guilt and innocence we choose to rely, especially important.
Transport to the Cell Surface of Chlamydomonas: Mastigonemes as a Marker for the Flagellar Membrane

We have begun experiments to determine how proteins are targeted to different cell surface domains of the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas. Though contiguous, the flagellar membrane and plasma membrane of Chlamydomonas define physically and biochemically distinct compartments. The plasma membrane is surrounded by the cell wall, constructed from hydroxyproline rich glycoproteins, and a set of inducible enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrase and arylsulfatase,are specifically secreted into the periplasmic space. In contrast, the flagellar membrane is not surrounded by the cell wall and contains proteins not found on the plasma membrane, including agglutinins used for adhesion during mating, and a 350 kD protein required for gliding motility on solid substrates. (For reviews, see Harris, 1989, and Bloodgood, 1990.)
Abstract TMP48: Stroke Symptoms and Risk of Future Hospitalization: Implications for an Easy and Quick Screening for an Important Patient-Centered Outcome

Background: Stroke symptoms in the general population are common (≈18% of adults 45+) and are associated with future stroke. These symptoms may also identify a broad spectrum of clinically-undetect...
Studies in intestinal bacteriology I

In the first paper in this series, I discussed the bacterial flora of the small intestine of 4 normal persons and of 20 hospital patients. One of the female patients W. (arthritis deformans) was particularly ready to take the intestinal tube, and was most conscientious in following directions. She was kept at the hospital for several months, at the request of Dr. Coleman, receiving treatments in the form of bakings, massage and vaccine injection for the arthritic condition.
Lactic Acid Formation in Muscle Extracts.

Embden and Haymann1 demonstrated that the addition of glycogen and sodium fluoride to freshly prepared muscle press-juice caused a very marked decrease in the inorganic phosphate which was present in the extract. Sugars were inactive in the reaction. The disappearance of the inorganic phosphate was interpreted as an esterification process in which hexose phosphate (lactacidogen) was formed. Meyerhof2 showed that there is a production of lactic acid during the course of glycogen degradation by muscle extracts, and that the phosphates appear to take an active part in the changes involved. Fluoride caused a decrease in the production of lactic acid as well as a disappearance of the inorganic phosphates.The fate of the added glycogen with reference to the amount of total hydrolysable carbohydrate present in the working mixtures at the end of the incubation seems not to have been studied.In our experiments we have endeavored to balance the carbohydrate loss against the lactic acid gain, and, at the same time, ...
Angiomatous variant of so-called mesothelioma of the atrioventricular node

A case is presented of an elderly woman found to have an angiomatous tumor involving the atrioventricular (AV) node. The entire AV node was not involved, which explains her lack of symptomatology during her life. The divergent histologic patterns observed in these tumors suggest that the term AV node tumor is preferable to the term mesothelioma.
Decay of neutron-rich 152 Pr and 152 Ce

The previously unreported decay of /sup 152/Pr to levels in /sup 152/Nd has been studied from mass-separated activity produced in the thermal neutron fission of /sup 235/U. The /sup 152/Pr half-life was measured to be 3.24 +- 0.19 s, and its decay scheme was constructed based on ..gamma.. singles and coincidence measurements. Excited states in /sup 152/Nd at 72.6 (2/sup +/) and 236.6 (4/sup +/) were established and the E(4/sup +/)/E(2/sup +/) ratio of 3.26 is close to the rigid rotor value of 3.33. The implications of the above ratio for the systematics of deformation in this region are discussed. A ..gamma.. transition observed at 285.0 keV probably results from the ..beta../sup -/ decay of /sup 152/Ce with a half-life of 3.1 +- 0.3 s, but that conclusion is tentative. The most likely J for the /sup 152/Pr ground state is 3.
CHANGES IN MILK, WHEY, AND BLUE CHEESE AS INDUCED BY BENZOYL PEROXIDE1,2

Milk proteins were subjected to treatment with various levels of benzoyl peroxide, with and without heating at 60 C for 2 h. Heating had a pronounced effect on whey proteins, but polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed changes in proteins not attributable to heat alone. The effect on proteins was reflected in an increased tendency for the benzoyl peroxide-heat treated cheeses to expel moisture during leakage tests. Use of 17.8 ppm benzoyl peroxide resulted in a markedly whiter cheese than that made using 5.9 ppm and reflectance studies indicated this to be true even when no heat treatment accompanied the benzoyl peroxide. Use of benzoyl peroxide in the bleaching process did not decrease mold development in ripening loaves nor was acid production by lactic cultures diminished. In addition, proteolysis of milk proteins by rennet was not reduced by the presence of benzoyl peroxide.
Early-age temperature evolutions in concrete pavements containing microencapsulated phase change materials

Abstract This study examined the benefits of adding microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) to concrete pavement sections so as to limit temperature rise and the development of temperature gradients due to exothermic cement hydration reactions and environmental exposure at early-ages. Isothermal calorimetry measurements of the heat generation rate associated with cement hydration as a function of time and temperature were carried out. A transient 1D thermal model of a pavement section was developed to simulate the temporal evolution of temperature within PCM-containing pavement sections exposed to realistic climate conditions. The results highlight that while the low thermal conductivity of typical organic PCMs may be undesirable, the PCM’s latent heat capacity ensures substantial reductions in early-age temperature rise and the spatial temperature gradients developed within the pavement. In addition, a selection criterion is proposed to choose a PCM’s phase change temperature based on its melting temperature window and the concrete temperature at the time of placement. It is noted that choosing a PCM with a phase change temperature equal to the concrete’s placement temperature plus one-half of the melting temperature window provides the largest reduction in peak pavement temperature. The results provide original insights that are needed to design crack-resistant pavements containing PCMs.
An integral role for timing in interception

Timing is critical for myriad behaviors in dynamic environments. For example, to intercept an object, the brain must compute a reliable estimate of time-to-contact (TTC). Prior work suggests that humans compute TTC using kinematic information such as distance and speed without explicitly relying on temporal cues, just as one would do in a physics classroom using kinematic equations. Considering the inherent uncertainty associated with estimates of speed and distance and the ability of human brain to combine different sources of information, we asked whether humans additionally rely on temporal cues. We found that humans actively integrate speed information with both explicit and implicit timing cues. Analysis of behavior in relation to a Bayesian model revealed that the additional temporal information helps subjects optimize their performance in the presence of measurement uncertainty. These findings suggest that brain9s timing mechanisms are actively engaged while interacting with dynamic stimuli.
In Passing: Arab American Poetry and the Politics of Race

Racial passing has a long history in America. In fact, there are manifold reasons for passing, not the least of which is to reap benefits-social, economic and legal-routinely denied to people of color. Passing is conventionally understood to be a volitional act that either situationally or permanently allows members of marginalized groups to assimilate into a privileged culture. While it could be argued that those who choose to pass are, in a sense, race traitors, betraying familial, historical and cultural ties to personhood,1 Wald provides another way of reading passing, or “crossing the line,” as a “practice that emerges from subjects9 desires to control the terms of their racial definition, rather than be subject to the definitions of white supremacy” (6). She further contends that racial distinction, itself, “is a basis of racial oppression and exploitation” (6).
A mass manufacturarle thermoplastic based microfluidic droplet generator using rapid injection molding and solvent bonding method

A mass manufacturable thermoplastic based microfluidic droplet generator using rapid injection molding and solvent bonding method has been designed, fabricated and fully characterized in this work. Over the years there has been a large demand for the development of a mass producible, high throughput droplet generator aiding biomedical research and applications. In this work, thermoplastic chips with feature size as low as 20 μm have been efficiently fabricated using injection molding method which have successfully generated stable monodisperse droplets.
EVALUATION OF LEAF QUALITY OF SELECTED MULBERRY VARIETIES THROUGH BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOASSAY STUDIES

Growth and development of eight races of bivoltine silkworm. Bombyx mori L. viz. Alps yellow. Meigitsu. Yaknel. King Haung. Hauchi, JD-6. PAM-102 and CA-2were studied on four varieties of mulberry, Morus alba in southern district of Tamil Nadu to evaluate the leaf quality. The mulberry varieties included V1. MR2. S36 and Kanva-2. These varieties were Screened through biochemical and bioassay. Among the mulberry varieties VI has higher chl-a, chl-b, and total chl (a + b), total protein, total carbohydrates and total lipid contents except LWC and LWR which were higher in S36 mulberry varieties. The leaves were fed to eight pure bivoltine races separately to know the rearing performance and cocoon production. The moulting percentage, larval weight, single cocoon weight, single cocoon shell weight and PECS were significantly higher in silkworm fed on V1 mulberry leaves. However, among the four mulberry varieties. Vi stood first followed by MR2. Kanva-2 and S36 with respect to biochemical and bioassay parameters. Hence. VI could be submitted as a qualitative leaf yield variety to the southern district of Tamil Nadu.
Association of a Bundled Hospital-at-Home and 30-Day Postacute Transitional Care Program With Clinical Outcomes and Patient Experiences.

Importance Hospital-at-home (HaH) care provides acute hospital-level care in a patient’s home as a substitute for traditional inpatient care. In September 2017, the Physician-Focused Payment Model Technical Advisory Committee recommended implementation of an alternative payment model for a new model of HaH that bundles the acute episode with 30 days of postacute transitional care. Objective To report outcomes of this new payment model for HaH care. Design, Setting, and Participants Case-control study of HaH care patients with a concurrent control group of hospital inpatients recruited from emergency departments (EDs) and residences in New York City from November 18, 2014, to August 31, 2017. HaH patients were 18 years or older with fee-for-service Medicare and acute medical illness requiring inpatient-level care. Control patients met HaH eligibility but refused participation or were seen in the ED when a HaH admission could not be initiated. Exposures HaH care or inpatient care. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were acute period length of stay (LOS), all-cause 30-day hospital readmissions and ED visits, admissions to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), referral to a certified home health care agency, and patient experiences with care. Analyses accounted for nonrandom selection using inverse probability weighting. Results Among the 507 patients enrolled (mean [SD] age, 74.6 [15.7] years; 68.6% women), data were available on all patients 30 days postdischarge. HaH patients (n = 295) were older than controls (n = 212) and more likely to have a preacute functional impairment. HaH patients had shorter LOS (3.2 days vs 5.5 days; difference, −2.3 days; 95% CI, −1.8 to −2.7 days; weightedP Conclusions and Relevance HaH care bundled with a 30-day postacute transitional care episode was associated with better patient outcomes and ratings of care compared with inpatient hospitalization. This model warrants consideration for addition to Medicare’s current portfolio of shared savings programs.
Contractile proteins and their response to bladder outlet obstruction.

Urinary outlet obstruction causes rapid increases in bladder mass; the extent of the increase in mass is directly proportional to the severity of the obstruction1–3. Although there may be some species differences, in general, the changes in bladder contractility associated with outlet obstruction are also dependent upon the degree of increase in bladder mass. Bladder strips from animals with “mild” obstruction (less than 3-fold increase in bladder mass) respond to electrical field stimulation or contractile agents with no change or increases in contractile response compared to controls1–5. In contrast, bladder strips from animals with “severe” obstruction, where the bladder mass increases more than 6-fold, respond to contractile stimuli with decreases in contractile responses and an impaired ability of the bladder to empty2,3,6–10. Depending on the duration and severity of obstruction, removal of the obstruction generally causes reversal of the contractile dysfunction11,12. The mechanisms responsible for the changes in bladder contractility associated with bladder outlet obstruction are still unclear, but as described in other chapters in this book, may include alterations in glucose metabolism13–19, in bladder innervation and/or action potential properties20–25, or alterations in the contractile proteins responsible for smooth muscle contraction26–31. The latter mechanism will be discussed in this chapter.
Depression and risk of sudden cardiac death and coronary heart disease in women: results from the Nurses' Health Study.

Objectives We assessed the association between depression and sudden cardiac death (SCD) and cardiac events among individuals without baseline coronary heart disease (CHD). Background Depression is a risk factor for cardiac events and mortality among those with CHD, possibly from arrhythmia. Methods We studied depressive symptoms and a proxy variable for clinical depression consisting of severe symptoms and/or antidepressant medication use and their relationship to cardiac events in the Nurses9 Health Study. Questionnaires in 1992, 1996, and 2000 assessed symptoms with the Mental Health Index (MHI-5), and antidepressant use was assessed in 1996 and 2000. Primary end points included SCD, fatal CHD, and nonfatal myocardial infarction. Results Among 63,469 women without prior CHD/stroke in 1992, 7.9% had MHI-5 scores Conclusions In this cohort of women without baseline CHD, depressive symptoms were associated with fatal CHD, and a measure of clinical depression including antidepressant use was specifically associated with SCD. Although antidepressant use might be a marker of worse depression, its specific association with SCD merits further study.
Critical Pedagogy, Cultural Politics and the Discourse of Experience:

This article examines the way in which various educational discourses develop forms of pedagogical practice through the construction and legitimation of teacher and student experience. Specifically...
Nongenomic actions of estrogens and xenoestrogens affecting endocrine cancer cells

Estrogens act via multiple membrane-associated receptors (α, β, and GPR30) to mediate diverse rapid signaling cascades affecting functional endpoints in both normal and cancer cells. The mitogen-activated protein kinases are a summative signaling node that integrates upstream signaling cascades into responses for major functional cellular outcomes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and death. These responses are complex; they oscillate with time, as well as fluctuate up and down with increasing ligand concentration (hormesis). Nonphysiologic estrogenic compounds also use these receptors and signaling systems, but do so imperfectly, causing disruptions to both the phasing and dose-responsiveness of physiologic estrogens. Disruptions to the signaling of different physiologic estrogens could cause life stage-specific tissue malfunctions or cancer vulnerabilities.
Somatotopy and Organization of Spinothalamic Tracts in the Human Cervical Spinal Cord.

Background Understanding spinothalamic tract anatomy may improve lesioning and outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous cordotomy. Objective To investigate somatotopy and anatomical organization of spinothalamic tracts in the human cervical spinal cord. Methods Patients with intractable cancer pain undergoing cordotomy underwent preoperative and postoperative quantitative sensory testing for sharp pain and heat pain on day 1 and 7 after cordotomy. Intraoperative sensory stimulation was performed with computed tomography (CT) imaging to confirm the location of the radiofrequency electrode during cordotomy. Postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed to define the location of the lesion. Results Twelve patients were studied, and intraoperative sensory stimulation combined with CT imaging revealed a somatotopy where fibers from the legs were posterolateral to fibers from the hand. Sharpness detection thresholds were significantly elevated in the area of maximum pain on postoperative day 1 (P = .01). Heat pain thresholds for all areas were not elevated significantly on postoperative day 1, or postoperative day 7. MR imaging confirmed that the cordotomy lesion was in the anterolateral quadrant, and in this location the lesion had a sustained effect on sharp pain but a transient impact on heat pain. Conclusion In the high cervical spinal cord, spinothalamic fibers mediating sharp pain for the arms are located ventromedial to fibers for the legs, and these fibers are spatially distinct from fibers that mediate heat pain.
Fewer, Younger, but Increasingly Powerful: How Portrayals of Women, Age, and Power Have Changed from 2002 to 2016 in the 50 Top-Grossing U.S. Films

A content analysis by Lauzen and Dozier (2005) of the 88 top-grossing U.S. films of 2002 found ample evidence for inequality of gender and age representation: Men made up 72% of all characters; women past the age of 40 became less and less visible, whereas men remained visible throughout their 50s; and significant gender differences in terms of leadership and occupational power were found, with women holding fewer positions of occupational power and rarely shown in leadership roles. The current study sought to establish whether these gender and age representations continue to exist in films made almost 15 years later. Our analysis of the 50 top-grossing U.S. movies of 2016 found that women are still underrepresented in film (32.8% of all characters) but that this proportion improved significantly since 2002. Women in their 30s and men in their 40s are most overrepresented when compared to the U.S. population, and women over 60 are severely underrepresented. However, there was no gender difference in the proportion of major characters playing leadership roles, demonstrating social aggression, or possessing goals, all of which are noteworthy differences from the films of 2002. Female characters also made marginal strides in holding occupational power and in their displays of physical aggression. Additionally, we found that women achieved their goals at significantly higher rates than men did. Overall, although a disconnect still persists regarding the ratio of men to women in film, the presence and portrayal of both women and older characters has improved since 2002.
Landsat Missions to Sustainable Land Imaging Technology Program

For 46 years, the Landsat program has been providing continuous, consistent and high-quality data used routinely by decision makers both inside and outside the government, for a wide range of natural resource issues. In 2015, NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) has established the Sustainable Land Imaging Technology (SLI-T) Program to research, develop, and demonstrate new measurement technologies and reduced costs for future land imaging measurements. This paper provides information regard current SLI-T tasks to reach the program goals.
Responding to Racial Resentment: How Racial Resentment Influences Legislative Behavior:

Despite the growing body of scholarship urging congressional scholars to consider the racialization of Congress, little attention has been given to understanding how racial resentment impacts legis...
Is access to general aviation airports with precision approach and no instrument landing systems a club good? A study of six airports ☆

Access to general aviation (GA) airports can generally be viewed as non-excludable and non-rivalrous. However, access to GA airports using lateral vertical guidance (LPV/LP) and no instrument landing systems (ILS) will exclude aircraft operators not equipped to take advantage of satellite navigation, thus transforming access into a club good. Extending access to GA airports through satellite navigation is an important aviation issue at a time when air traffic service providers are transitioning from a radar- to a satellite-based air traffic managed system. The provision of access to GA airports with precision approach and no ILS as a club good may require a change in the level of service that emphasizes service priority to the aircraft capable of taking advantage of satellite navigation as opposed to a first-come, first-served queue management.
We Are Strong: Strategies for Fostering Body Empowerment in a Boxing Program for Middle School Girls

AbstractMany sport programs focus on teaching youth life skills that can be transferred to contexts outside the sport setting. One such program is “She Hits Hard,” an afterschool boxing program for...
Journeying through inner and outer worlds: the significance of travel across the works of Rabindranath Tagore

Travelling is a common subject and motif throughout the works of Indian poet, philosopher and artist Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941). Tagore travelled across India and the world throughout his life...
Sensory and Consumer Studies in Plant Breeding: A Guidance for Edamame Development in the U.S.

USDA-NIFAUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2018-51181-28384, 1016465]; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Chapter 3 Feedback Regulation of Epithelial Sodium Channels

Publisher Summary Sodium reabsorption by tight epithelia involves two basic membrane transport processes: Na + -selective channels in the apical membrane, which allow Na + to move into the cell from the mucosal fluid, and an ATP-dependent sodium pump, which drives Na + out of the cell against an electrochemical activity gradient. This view, first put forward by Koefoed- Johnsen and Ussing to describe transepithelial Na + transport in the frog skin, has been confirmed and elaborated on by many laboratories since then, and has been extended to many other high-resistance Na + -reabsorbing epithelia, such as the urinary bladders of amphibians, reptiles, and some mammals; the colons of amphibians and mammals; and the mammalian renal collecting tubule. In the simplest form of this model, the parameter that ties together the two processes is the intracellular Na + concentration. The overall rate of transport can, in principle, be modified by changes of either the entry or exit steps, with the cell Na + concentration serving as a signal from one side of the cell to the other to speed up or slow down. Shortly after the publication of the Koefoed-Johnsen-Ussing model, another paper from the same laboratory suggested the presence of an additional control mechanism for coupling the two membranes and regulating intracellular Na + .
Gene lineage analysis in populations of Helianthus niveus and H. petiolaris (Asteraceae).

Helianthus petiolaris andH. niveus are polytypic species which are morphologically distinct at the periphery of their ranges but intergrade in areas of sympatry.Helianthus niveus includes both annual and perennial members, whereasH. petiolaris is strictly annual. Chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal DNA restriction site data were used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of populations of the two species. Cladistic analyses reveal the following: (1) neither species is monophyletic; (2) the annual habit is derived once in this complex; and (3) the region of morphological intergradation appears to be primary in origin. The significance of interbreeding versus common descent in defining species concepts is discussed in relation to the above cladistic analyses.
The TASM toolset: specification, simulation, and formal verification of real-time systems

In this paper, we describe the features of the Timed Abstract State Machine toolset. The toolset implements the features of the Timed Abstract State Machine (TASM) language, a specification language for reactive real-time systems. The TASM language enables the specification of functional and nonfunctional properties using a unified language. The toolset incorporates features to create specifications, simulate specifications, and verify formal properties of specifications. Properties that can be verified using the toolset include completeness, consistency, worst-case execution time, and best-case execution time. The toolset is being developed as part of an architecture-based framework for embedded realtime system engineering. We describe how the features of the toolset were used successfully to model and analyze case studies fromthe aerospace and automotive communities.
Estimating DC power bus noise

Simultaneous switching noise (SSN) resulting from IC devices can result in significant power bus noise, as well as radiation problems. An approach for estimating the power bus noise spectrum is presented in this paper. The power bus noise caused by digital circuits injecting high-frequency noise onto the DC buses feeding digital devices is calculated The transient current drawn by an IC device is modeled using the load current and the shoot-through current through the power dissipation capacitance. Modeling and experimental results for several digital chips are shown. The modeling agrees well with the experimental results.
Development of Cryogenic Targets for Laser Fusion

In the development of targets for laser fusion, there is considerable interest in producing a uniform spherical shell of liquid or solid deuterium-tritium mixture (1:1 ratio). It is felt that fuel in this form, compressed and heated by laser beams, would give optimum energy yield [1,2]. Fabrication of this target begins with selection of glass microballoons, 80 to 100 μm in diameter and 1 to 2 μm in wall thickness for uniformity in diameter and wall. These are filled by diffusion at 400°C and high pressure and rapidly cooled to room temperature to entrap the gas. Various fills have been used: D2, T2, and D—T, ending with 50 to 190 atm at 300 K, which result in upper condensation temperatures of 29 to 38 K. If all the fuel is condensed uniformly on the inner surface of the container, the solid layers are calculated to be 0.5 to 2.1 μm thick.
Visual acuity following binocular deprivation in the cat

Abstract Threshold visual acuity for three cats which were reared from birth to 4–12 months of age with bilateral lid closure was measured and compared to visual acuity in three cats which had the use of a non-deprived eye. The results indicate that binocular deprivation (BD) results in significant deficits in visual acuity which are proportional to the duration of deprivation. Threshold visual acuities were 3.7 cycles/deg. following 4 months of BD, 3.25 cycles/deg. following 7 months of BD and 2.55 cycles/deg. following 12 months of BD compared to acuities of 6.0, 6.5 and 6.8 cyclesdeg. for cats using a non-deprived eye. All BD cats had recovered from the initial visuomotor deficits, seen in these cats and reported in the literature, following lid-parting. The implication of such deficits in visual acuity on visual discrimination learning in BD cats is discussed.
Subcutaneous epinephrine in the prehospital setting.

Objectives. To outline current practice regarding the prehospital use of subcutaneous epinephrine, and systematically review the existing literature to determine the level of support for its use in the elderly. Many health care personnel are reluctant to administer subcutaneous epinephrine for potentially life-threatening conditions such as asthma and anaphylaxis in older patients. This sytematic review examined the following focused question: “For older patients not known to have coronary artery disease, does administration of subcutaneous epinephrine carry a significant enough risk of cardiovascular side effects to mandate age as a relative contraindication to self-administration or emergency medical services administration in the prehospital setting?” Methods. The MEDLINE and Health Star databases were searched to identify studies evaluating the use of subcutaneous epinephrine in the treatment of asthma and anaphylaxis. Bibliographies from included studies, known reviews, and textbooks were examined to...
Geographic sampling of urban soils for contaminant mapping: how many samples and from where.

Properly sampling soils and mapping soil contamination in urban environments requires that impacts of spatial autocorrelation be taken into account. As spatial autocorrelation increases in an urban landscape, the amount of duplicate information contained in georeferenced data also increases, whether an entire population or some type of random sample drawn from that population is being analyzed, resulting in conventional power and sample size calculation formulae yielding incorrect sample size numbers vis-a-vis model-based inference. Griffith (in Annals, Association of American Geographers, 95, 740-760, 2005) exploits spatial statistical model specifications to formulate equations for estimating the necessary sample size needed to obtain some predetermined level of precision for an analysis of georeferenced data when implementing a tessellation stratified random sampling design, labeling this approach model-informed, since a model of latent spatial autocorrelation is required. This paper addresses issues of efficiency associated with these model-based results. It summarizes findings from a data collection exercise (soil samples collected from across Syracuse, NY), as well as from a set of resampling and from a set of simulation experiments following experimental design principles spelled out by Overton and Stehman (in Communications in Statistics: Theory and Methods, 22, 2641-2660). Guidelines are suggested concerning appropriate sample size (i.e., how many) and sampling network (i.e., where).
Long‐term survival in patients with Ewing's sarcoma relapsing after completing therapy

While the proportion of patients with Ewing's sarcoma attaining and maintaining long-term remission has markedly improved, a proportion of patients suffer relapse of the tumor. In our experience relapses may occur late in the course of the disease, approximately 20% of those at risk beyond 5 years having recurrence of tumor. Review of our data indicates that for patients relapsing after therapy has been discontinued, the probability of attaining second remission is high (0.84) and that a significant proportion of these patients attaining second complete remission will survive their disease (0.60).
Solute Concentration in the Kidney- II. Input-Output Studies on a Central Core Model*

Abstract Input-output studies have been carried out on a central core model of the renal medulla of the rabbit. The results emphasize the importance of having a nontransported solute such as urea. Even though only salt was actively transported, in the thick AHL, urea had to be present for a concentration gradient to be built up. Inflow into the DHL was shown to be a major determinant of the concentration process. The concentration increased with inflow into DHL up to a maximum value; with further increase in inflow into DHL, the concentration obtained decreased. Extrapolating from these studies and what is known of the role of flow in vasa rectae we argue that independent control of afferent and efferent arteriolar resistance of juxtamedullary nephrons could play a major role in control of the concentration of urine.
Cytoarchitectonic correlates of the vibrissae in the medullary trigeminal complex of the mouse

Abstract Cytoarchitectonic patterns in the medullary trigeminal complex of the mouse corresponding to mystacial vibrassae are described. These patterns are found within trigeminal sub-nuclie principalis, interpolaris and caudalis. The patterns are due to differential cell packing and are homeomorphic to the arrangement of the mystacial vibrissae on eh face. The cytoarchitecture is similar, but complementary, to patterns of trigeminal afferents previously described using histochemical staining methods. Neonatal cautery of groups of vibrissae produces appropriate, specific and localized cytoarchitectural changes within all 3 trigeminal sub-nuclei.
Experimental Study of Electrostatic Capture Mechanisms in Commercial Electret Filters

ABSTRACT Electret filters are widely used in applications requiring high-filtration efficiency and low-pressure drop. These filters rely on electrostatic particle capture mechanisms in addition to the conventional mechanical capture mechanisms. This study reports experimental data collected on the performance of three types of commercially available fibrous electret filters: corona-charged fibrillated split-fiber media (type A), triboelectrically charged mixed-fiber media (type B) and corona-charged meltblown media (type C). The filtration efficiency of these filters was measured as a function of particle size (i.e., 0.05 to 0.5 μm) and charge state (i.e., singly charged and neutral) for two face velocities. The same experiments also were performed on discharged electret filters to obtain information on the pure mechanical capture mechanisms. The magnitude of the effective surface electric field for each tested electret filter was estimated from a simplified Coulombic capture model, giving information on ...