cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Missing Link Between Molecular Triplets and Spin-Polarized Free Radicals: Room Temperature Triplet States of Nanocrystalline Radical Pairs

Photochemical reactions of organic molecules in the solid state have an excellent potential in green chemistry technologies as they often proceed in high yields to give a single product without generating volatile organic solvent waste. While recent synthetic applications highlight the need for a better understanding of reaction mechanisms and kinetics, spectroscopic observations of excited states and short-lived intermediates in single crystals and powdered samples have been extremely challenging due to the high optical density and scattering power of single crystals and powdered samples. In this communication, we report the first direct observation of a radical pair triplet state by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) with nanocrystals of 4,4′-dimethoxy-dicumyl ketone (1OMe) suspended in water. Steady state irradiation of 1OMe had previously shown that reactions in dry powders and nanocrystalline suspensions proceed with high efficiency and chemoselectivity to generate 4,4′-dimethoxy-d...
Anonymity of a buffer constrained chaum mix: Optimal strategy and asymptotics

As networked systems increasingly pervade every facet of life, it is quintessential for users to communicate without revealing their identities or the paths of data flow. Chaum Mixes are intermediate nodes or routers that are used to provide anonymity by using cryptographic and batching methods to hide source identities. The anonymity achievable by batching strategies, are however, severely impacted by limited buffer capacity of the mix node. This paper presents an information theoretic investigation of a buffer constrained mix, and provides the first single letter characterization of the maximum achievable anonymity as a function of buffer size for a mix serving two users with equal arrival rates. For two users with unequal arrival rates the anonymity is expressed as a solution to a series of finite recursive equations. For more than two users and arbitrary arrival rates, a lower bound on the convergence rate of anonymity is derived as buffer size increases and it is shown that under certain arrival configurations the lower bound is tight.
Policing and police research: learning to listen, with a Wisconsin case study

David Bradley and Christine Nixon’s paper, ‘Ending the “Dialogue of the Deaf”: Evidence and Policing Policies and Practices, an Australian Case Study’ (Bradley & Nixon, 2009) is the latest contribu...
Quantum systems under control

Controlled quantum systems are actively explored for efficient information processing, simulations of complex quantum systems, and secure quantum communications and metrology. In these areas, quantum devices have the potential to outperform their classical counterparts. However, achieving full control over large systems is difficult because the complex quantum mechanical correlations in large-scale systems are extremely fragile with respect to environmental noise or thermal fluctuations. One attractive approach is to use ensembles of atoms prepared in well-defined quantum states and cooled to temperatures near absolute zero. Ultracold atomic gases have emerged as one of the leading platforms in the study of manybody quantum phenomena. On page 306 of this issue, Kaufman et al. ( 1 ) demonstrate a novel twist on this approach with a “bottomup” technique that allows complex quantum systems of ultracold neutral atoms to be put together one atom at a time.
Effects of Altering the Electronics of 2-Methoxyestradiol on Cell Proliferation, on Cytotoxicity in Human Cancer Cell Cultures, and on Tubulin Polymerization

A series of new analogues of 2-methoxyestradiol (1) were synthesized to further elucidate the relationships between structure and activity. The compounds were designed to diminish the potential for metabolic deactivation at positions 2 and 17 and were analyzed as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and for cytotoxicity. 17α-Methyl-β-estradiol (30), 2-propynyl-17α-methylestradiol (39), 2-ethoxy-17-(1‘-methylene)estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-ol (50) and 2-ethoxy-17α-methylestradiol (51) showed similar or greater tubulin polymerization inhibition than 2-methoxyestradiol (1) and contained moieties that are expected to inhibit deactivating metabolic processes. All of the compounds tested were cytotoxic in the panel of 55 human cancer cell cultures, and generally, the derivatives that displayed the most activity against tubulin were also the most cytotoxic.
The 1920 Revolt in Iraq Reconsidered:The Role of Tribes in National Politics

It is well known that the Hashemite Dynasty in Iraq was the creation of the British in 1921. Less well known are the circumstances that led to the hasty installation of Faisal as king and the emergence of ‘Independent Modern Iraq’.The 1920 revolt forced the hesitant British to enact a solution which for thirtyseven years was maintained by force. During this time, the British were obliged to force-feed an artificial and outmoded system that was barely capable of holding primordial sentiments in check. The state apparatus that the British set up as a means of containing these sentiments was not a genuine structure developed to meet expressed needs, nor did it serve to forge the various segments of the society into an organic nation.
Quilting: A Feminist Metaphor for Scientific Inquiry

The author explores the implications of describing scientific inquiry as quilting. She argues that most metaphors describing science are distinctly masculine in tone, such as science as exploring, hunting, or penetrating the unknown. The author contends that these metaphors have had a powerful effect on how science is done and that a feminist view of science brings with it the need for new metaphors with less aggressive and alienating connotations. The author describes the connotations of one such metaphor, that of scientific inquiry as quilting, and presents what she sees as the consequences of such a metaphorical shift. Drawing on her experiences as a participant-observer of both scientific research and quilting, the author demonstrates the extensive similarities that exist between both the processes and products of each endeavor.
Nonlinear analysis of a launch vehicle attitude control system

Initial parameter conditions influence on sustained unstable oscillations of attitude control system for large space vehicle, calculating stable region by nonlinear method
Complementarity of absolute and relative motion

Abstract The physical origin of inertial forces is investigated within the framework of general relativity. It is shown that the translational inertial force cannot be caused by the gravitational influence of distant masses. Minkowski's absolute spacetime must therefore be called upon in order to explain inertial forces. Nevertheless, only relative motion appears to have operational significance. This dichotomy is resolved in this paper by extending the principle of complementarity to include motion. Wave-particle duality is associated with the nature of a particle: its motion has corresponding complementary aspects in absolute and relative movements, respectively. This viewpoint is adopted in the description of motion in a gravitational field.
Landscape and surplus value: the making of the ordinary in Brentwood, CA.

In this paper I argue for a morphological perspective on landscape that takes seriously social intentionality and the complexity of struggles over production and reproduction. I develop an example from California's agricultural labor history to show the processes through which the landscape is constructed, Further, I show that the production of landscape is an important moment in the production of surplus value under capitalism, In turn, I use insights from social studies of science to suggest how, as the landscape becomes stabilized, its very ordinariness tends to mask the struggles that constituted its form.
Stem cells for murine interstitial cells of Cajal suppress cellular immunity and colitis via prostaglandin E2 secretion

Background & Aims After allogeneic transplantation, murine stem cells (SCs) for interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), electrical pacemaker, and neuromodulator cells of the gut, were incorporated into gastric ICC networks, indicating in vivo immunosuppression. Immunosuppression is characteristic of bone marrow− and other non-gut–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are emerging as potential therapeutic agents against autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, we investigated whether gut-derived ICC-SCs could also mitigate experimental colitis and studied the mechanisms of ICC-SC–mediated immunosuppression in relation to MSC-induced pathways. Methods Isolated ICC-SCs were studied by transcriptome profiling, cytokine assays, flow cytometry, mixed lymphocyte reaction, and T-cell proliferation assay. Mice with acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium and T-cell transfer, respectively, were administered ICC-SCs intraperitoneally and evaluated for disease activity by clinical and pathological assessment and for ICC-SC homing by live imaging. Results Unlike strain-matched dermal fibroblasts, intraperitoneally administered ICC-SCs preferentially homed to the colon and reduced the severity of both acute and chronic colitis assessed by clinical and blind pathological scoring. ICC-SCs profoundly suppressed T-cell proliferation in vitro. Similar to MSCs, ICC-SCs strongly expressed cyclooxygenase 1/2 and basally secreted prostaglandin E 2 . Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, countered the ICC-SC–mediated suppression of T-cell proliferation. In contrast, we found no role for regulatory T-cell−, programmed death receptor−, and transforming growth factor-β−mediated mechanisms reported in MSCs; and transcriptome profiling did not support a relationship between ICC-SCs and MSCs. Conclusions Murine ICC-SCs belong to a class different from MSCs and potently mitigate experimental colitis via prostaglandin E 2 −mediated immunosuppression.
SKYSCRAPERS AND PLACEMAKING: SUPPORTING LOCAL CULTURE AND IDENTITY

Because of their massive bulk and soaring height, skyscrapers immensely impact placemaking. Today, skyscrapers are not exclusive to the U.S.; they have prevailed in many other countries across the world. This paper examines the role of skyscrapers in supporting placemaking in non-Western countries; mainly in China, India, and the Middle East, which have lately witnessed a surge in skyscraper construction. Through case studies, the paper describes and evaluates skyscraper projects that have attempted to embrace traditional forms. In addition to considering aesthetics and morphological issues, the paper stresses that skyscrapers’ design should respect cultural values and practices in relation to functional issues and space utilities. It is hoped that the paper will augment design discourses on the role of skyscrapers in supporting local culture and identity.
Optical Properties of β″-(ET)2SF5CH2CF2SO3: A Novel Superconductor with Large Discrete Counterions

Abstract The optical spectra of the organic superconductor β″-(ET)2[SF5CH2CF2SO2 are measured over a wide spectral range (30–35000 cm−1) as a function of temperature and polarization. The optical anisotropy is quite large compared with other ET-based organic superconductors, and the spectra are far from Drude-like over the full temperature range. A broad electronic band centered near 1000 cm−1 is observed at low temperature along the a axis, prior to the superconducting transition. The changes of vibrational features near 120 K are attributed to a weak reorientation of the counterion, which may affect hydrogen bonding in the material.
The Gryphon: A Flexible Lunar Lander Design to Support a Semi-Permanent Lunar Outpost

A lunar lander is designed to provide safe, reliable, and continuous access to the lunar surface by the year 2020. The NASA Exploration System Architecture is used to initially define the concept of operations, architecture elements, and overall system requirements. The design evaluates revolutionary concepts and technologies to improve the performance and safety of the lunar lander while minimizing the associated cost using advanced systems engineering capabilities and multi-attribute decision making techniques. The final design is a flexible (crew and/or cargo) lander with a side-mounted minimum ascent stage and a separate stage to perform lunar orbit insertion.
Atomic resonance filters

The atomic resonance filter (ARF) is an ultranarrowband (Q approximately 10/sup 5/-10/sup 6/), large-acceptance-angle, isotropic optical filter. These features make the device ideally suited for applications in which weak laser signals are detected against a continuum background. The filter properties arise from the physical processes of absorption, emission, and internal energy conversion in atomic vapors. The characteristics of the ARF are described and the underlying physics that governs the operation is discussed. Representative examples of passive, active, and IR filters are presented. A metastable ARF that offers improved solar background-limited performance by filtering signals at Fraunhofer wavelengths is described. >
Transcriptional and Physiological Responses of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to Desiccation-Induced Stress

The growth and persistence of rhizobia and bradyrhizobia in soils are negatively impacted by drought conditions. In this study, we used genome-wide transcriptional analyses to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the response of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to drought. Desiccation of cells resulted in the differential expression of 15 to 20% of the 8,480 B. japonicum open reading frames, with considerable differentiation between early (after 4 h) and late (after 24 and 72 h) expressed genes. While 225 genes were universally up-regulated at all three incubation times in response to desiccation, an additional 43 and 403 up-regulated genes were common to the 4/24- and 24/72-h incubation times, respectively. Desiccating conditions resulted in the significant induction (>2.0-fold) of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthetase (otsA), trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (otsB), and trehalose synthase (treS) genes, which encode two of the three trehalose synthesis pathways found in B. japonicum. Gene induction was correlated with an elevated intracellular concentration of trehalose and increased activity of trehalose-6-phosphate synthetase, collectively supporting the hypothesis that this disaccharide plays a prominent and important role in promoting desiccation tolerance in B. japonicum. Microarray data also indicated that σ54- and σ24-associated transcriptional regulators and genes encoding isocitrate lyase, oxidative stress responses, the synthesis and transport of exopolysaccharides, heat shock response proteins, enzymes for the modification and repair of nucleic acids, and the synthesis of pili and flagella are also involved in the response of B. japonicum to desiccation. Polyethylene glycol-generated osmotic stress induced significantly fewer genes than those transcriptionally activated by desiccation. However, 67 genes were commonly induced under both conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that B. japonicum directly responds to desiccation by adapting to changes imparted by reduced water activity, such as the synthesis of trehalose and polysaccharides and, secondarily, by the induction of a wide variety of proteins involved in protection of the cell membrane, repair of DNA damage, stability and integrity of proteins, and oxidative stress responses.
Recent results on pattern maximum likelihood

We derive some general sufficient conditions for the uniformity of the Pattern Maximum Likelihood distribution (PML). We also provide upper bounds on the support size of a class of patterns, and mention some recent results about the PML of 1112234.
Replacing Ozone-Depleting Substances Used as Refrigerant Working Fluids

oping economies following closely: transport, communications, medicine, and food have all evolved beyond recognition within a very few generations. In support of these changes, whole new industries have developed and evolved. One of these is the refrigeration industry. The refrigeration industry, essential to the food chain as we know it today (and indeed to many other aspects of modern life), grew out of the invention and development of safe refrigerant fluids in the 1930’s. These fluids, the fully halogenated halocarbons, were hailed at the time as miracles of science: They were chemically inert, nonflammable (indeed some members of this chemical family are extremely effective fire extinguishing agents), and have low toxicity; and they perform well as refrigerant fluids. Impact on the Environment. Following their growing use as refrigerants, halocarbons also became widely used as foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and industrial cleaning solvents. These last three applications are considered to be essentially emissive – the halocarbon is released to the atmosphere as a consequence of its use (although in the case of some of these applications, such as in closed cell foams, the emission might take place over a long time span). For several decades the release of volatile halocarbons to the atmosphere was not considered (even by the few who thought about it) to be a problem. After all they are chemically stable and are, in very dilute concentrations, nontoxic. Rarely are things this simple. The high degree of chemical stability of these fully halogenated fluorocarbons results in long atmospheric lifetimes: after release they accumulate in, and diffuse throughout, the atmosphere. When it was recognized that these substances are the cause of depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, international negotiations resulted in the signing of the Montreal Protocol, the first truly international environmental treaty, whose objective is to ban the manufacture and commercialization of ozone-depleting substances, ODSs (chlorineand bromine-containing halocarbons). The Montreal Protocol was a significant development in international environmental legislation as it has been adopted by essentially all the independent nation states in the world. Such a global measure is necessary because the environmental impact is not essentially local – its effect is not related to the geographic location of the source of emission. The discussions leading up to the Montreal Protocol and the measure itself have had two far reaching impacts: a heightened scientific interest in the study of the atmosphere and its effects on the surface environment of the planet; and a major technical effort to find replacement substances for the now regulated ODSs, which has resulted in the transformation of the industries dependent on these substances. The Montreal Protocol legislation recognizes several classes of ODSs, two of which are important for the refrigeration industry: Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Vol. 37, Nos. 1–2, 2001
Effect of fluid application conditions on grinding behaviour

AbstractApplying copious amounts of fluid to ensure adequate lubrication and cooling during grinding creates environmental and safety hazards. The present investigation was undertaken to explore the prospects for reducing the amount of applied fluid without having a deleterious effect on grinding performance. Straight surface grinding experiments were conducted to determine the effect of fluid flowrate and nozzle set-up conditions on the grinding behaviour for both up grinding and down grinding. A high-speed camera was used to observe fluid access to the grinding zone. For up grinding at low flowrates, lack of fluid reaching the wheel and workpiece caused an increase in the forces and surface roughness. The effect of a low flowrate was much less pronounced for down grinding due to the presence of residual fluid, which had collected on the workpiece top surface. A simple fluid mechanics model was developed to determine the flowrate and nozzle set-up condition required for the fluid to reach the wheel and t...
Consequences of Forest Clear-Cuts for Native and Nonindigenous Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Currently, the southern United States produces more timber than any other region in the world. Entire timber stands are removed through a harvesting method called clear-cutting. This common forestry practice may lead to the replacement of native ant communities with invasive, nonindigenous species. In four deciduous forest sites in South Carolina, we monitored the change in ant species richness, diversity, and abundance immediately after forest clearing for a period of 15 mo to 2 yr and determined the incidence of colonization of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta into these four newly disturbed sites. Each site consisted of an uncut, forested plot and a logged, pine-planted plot. Fire ants were collected in clear-cuts as early as 3 mo postcutting, and by the end of the experiment, they were found in all four treatment sites. Our study is the first to document, through a controlled experiment, that clear-cutting alters ant species assemblages by increasing S. invicta and Pheidole spp. populations and significantly reducing native ant numbers. Long-term studies are needed to assess how replacing native deciduous forests with pine monocultures affects ant assemblages.
Using the Internet for Vocational Assessment: Results of a Pilot Project in Ohio

It is increasingly mandated that educators demonstrate the results of instruction, given the proliferation of standards (content and performance) in education (Resnick & Wirt, 1996). The requirement to demonstrate results is especially important in career and technical education given substantial federal, state, and local investments. The Ohio Vocational Competency Assessment (OVCA) is a competency-based, content valid system that helps to meet this requirement.
A GREAT COMET AND CEREMONIAL SITE DEVELOPMENT AT NABTA PLAYA

Modern scientific tools and methods are playing an increasing role in illuminating key aspects of past activities of humans on Earth. Such approaches complement the more usual archaeological methods. Excavations at Nabta Playa, in the Western Desert of southern Egypt, have yielded evidence of regularly arrayed buildings in the Neolithic period, tumuli for cattle, hearths for animal sacrifices and megaliths aligned in a plurality of directions (Malville et al., 1998; Malville et al., 2008; Wendorf et al., 1993; Kobusiewicz and Schild, 2005). The area became habitable when monsoon rains collected in a large basin 11,000-4800 years ago (Wendorf et al., 1993). The structure and location of a stone circle there (Malville et al., 1998; Malville et al., 2008) associates the Sun (Malville et al., 1998), the celestial pole (Malville et al., 1998) and the Bull’s Thigh constellation (Ursa Major) (Haynie, 2014). Aligned megaliths radiate outward from a central complex, apparently having targeted the brightest heavenly bodies, based on comparisons of megalith coordinates and star positions (Malville et al., 2008; Haynie, 2014). If Nabta Playa had a unified design, the megaliths were positioned c. 4300 BC, but the southernmost alignment to the northeast did not point at a notable star (Haynie, 2014). The unified design hypothesis is consistent with a combination of celestial and terrestrial targeting. Here, a consensus megalithic alignment date is shown to coincide with a computed apparition of a great comet. Ritualistic activities at Nabta Playa may have sought to align key “inhabitants” of the heavenly and earthly realms.
Factors Influencing Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables in Older Adults in New Orleans, Louisiana.

The objective of this study was to identify demographic, social and structural factors associated with intake of fruit and vegetables in older adults in New Orleans, Louisiana. A crosssectional randomly sampled, address-based telephone survey of households in Orleans Parish, Louisiana was conducted with the household’s main grocery shopper. All participants were in the New Orleans metro area and were surveyed in 2011. Participants were 2,834 residents identified as the households’ main grocery shopper in Orleans Parish, Louisiana. Participants were primarily female (75%), African-American (53%), approximately 10 percent of the sample reported receipt of government assistance. Approximately 37% of the sample was age 65 and older. Measures included a telephone administered survey assessing demographic characteristics, food intake, access to supermarkets and other food sources, transportation, selfreported health, and frequency of grocery shopping. Older adults consumed fewer fresh fruits and vegetables (FV) than younger adults (p<0.01). Bivariate associations with decreased FV included older age, receipt of government assistance, African American race, use of mobility aid, and poorer health. Multivariate factors associated with lower consumption include age, African American race, and poorer self-reported health. Women reported more fruit and vegetable consumption than men. FV consumption is associated with improved health and reduced mortality. Older adults are less likely to consume fruits and vegetables, therefore addressing reduced FV consumption in older adults is a potential target for improving health outcomes in older adults. Specifically targeting African Americans and those with poorer health, as well as males may be an important focus for interventions.
Euflammation attenuates peripheral inflammation-induced neuroinflammation and mitigates immune-to-brain signaling

Peripheral inflammation can trigger a number of neuroinflammatory events in the CNS, such as activation of microglia and increases of proinflammatory cytokines. We have previously identified an interesting phenomenon, termed "euflammation", which can be induced by repeated subthreshold infectious challenges. Euflammation causes innate immune alterations without overt neuroimmune activation. In the current study, we examined the protective effect of euflammation against peripheral inflammation-induced neuroinflammation and the underlying mechanisms. When Escherichia coli or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected inside or outside the euflammation induction locus (EIL), sickness behavior, global microglial activation, proinflammatory cytokine production in the brain, expression of endothelial cyclooxygenase II and induction of c-fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus were all attenuated in the euflammatory mice compared with those in the control unprimed mice. Euflammation also modulated innate immunity outside the EIL by upregulating receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns in spleen cells. In addition, euflammation attenuated CNS activation in response to an intra-airpouch (outside the EIL) injection of LPS without suppressing the cytokine expression in the airpouch. Collectively, our study demonstrates that signaling of peripheral inflammation to the CNS is modulated dynamically by peripheral inflammatory kinetics. Specifically, euflammation can offer effective protection against both bacterial infection and endotoxin induced neuroinflammation.
Combinatorial screening for new materials in unconstrained composition space with machine learning

Typically, computational screens for new materials sharply constrain the compositional search space, structural search space, or both, for the sake of tractability. To lift these constraints, we construct a machine learning model from a database of thousands of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The resulting model can predict the thermodynamic stability of arbitrary compositions without any other input and with six orders of magnitude less computer time than DFT. We use this model to scan roughly 1.6 million candidate compositions for novel ternary compounds (${A}_{x}{B}_{y}{C}_{z}$), and predict 4500 new stable materials. Our method can be readily applied to other descriptors of interest to accelerate domain-specific materials discovery.
A Rearing Technique for Various Aquatic Coleoptera

With growing interest in stream surveys there has become increasing need for keys to the immature stages and for the water-quality associations of aquatic insects. There are many excellent papers in the literature on rearing and maintaining various aquatic orders. However, to our knowledge there are no published techniques for rearing the dryopoid families. Methods commonly used with aquatic insects are often complex and employ equipment not always available in smaller laboratories (Bjarnov and Thorup 1970). Even the simpler methods do not provide for an adult stage that is also aquatic and requires swift water. The technique described here uses a minimum of equipment and has been successful in rearing 3 dryopoid genera.
Abstract C187: Posttreatment with PI3-kinase inhibitor enhances the chemotherapeutic effect of cisplatin nanoparticles in breast cancer.

Nanoformulations of chemotherapeutic drugs are increasingly being studied for their potential to improve efficacy and safety. However, limited studies have been done on sequential dosing of nanochemotherapeutics and signal transduction inhibitors. In this study, pre-treatment and post-treatment dosing of PI-3 kinase inhibitor PI828 was used with cisplatin nanoparticles in murine breast cancer model. In vitro cell proliferation assay showed an enhanced cytotoxic capacity of cisplatin nanoparticle when used in combination with PI828. Moreover, post-treatment with the signal transduction inhibitors was found to be significantly more effective than pre-treatment. Western blot analysis showed a time dependent upregulation of phospho- AKT expression after administration of cisplatin nanoparticles, which was efficiently suppressed by PI828 in the post-treatment schedule. The upregulation of piAKT dependent signalling was mediated by both an EGFR dependent downstream activation of PI3 kinase pathway and an increased nuclear transcription of Akt gene. Post treatment with EGFR inhibitor (Erlotinib) showed similar enhancement in cytotoxicity of cisplatin nanoparticle. In a 4T1 syngenic murine cancer in-vivo model, post-treatment with PI828 and Erlotinib following cisplatin nanoparticles treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth as compared to the pre-treatment or nanoparticles alone. These results indicate that sequence of administration of signal transduction inhibitors can impact the outcome of treatment with cisplatin nanotherapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C187.
The grossly "rusty" tumor of breast: invasive ductal carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells.

A routine screening mammogram in an asymptomatic 49-year-old woman revealed focal architectural distortion in the right breast. On ultrasound evaluation, the area of distortion (located at 12:00, 5 cm from the nipple) corresponded to an ovoid circumscribed mass (Figure 1A). A lumpectomy was performed after an ultrasound-guided needle core biopsy confirmed the presence of invasive carcinoma. Macroscopic examination of the lumpectomy showed a 1.9 cm, strikingly rust-colored, circumscribed, and lobulated mass (Figure 1B; bar: 1.0 cm). Microscopic evaluation revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma that was moderately differentiated and exhibited micropapillary-like architectural features. No intraductal component of the carcinoma was evident (Figure 1C and D). The tumoral stroma demonstrated a rich infiltrate of osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) associated with abundant hemosiderin-laden macrophages (Figure 1E). The variably sized multinucleated OGCs were immunoreactive for CD68, a histiocytic marker (Figure 1F). Two ipsilateral axillary sentinel lymph nodes were benign. The invasive carcinoma cells were strongly positive for both estrogen and progesterone receptors. The proliferation rate as evident on Ki-67 immunostain was high (focally: >15%). HER2 gene amplification testing via fluorescent in situ hybridization was negative. Based on the characteristic histological features, and the supportive immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of invasive carcinoma with OGC (IC-OGC) was rendered. 558266 IJSXXX10.1177/1066896914558266International Journal of Surgical PathologyGinter et al research-article2014
Effect of Early Rehabilitation on Patients with Closed Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective:To observe the effect of early rehabilitation on patients with closed traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods:90 TBI patients were divided into rehabilitation group and control group with 40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine surgical and other treatments.The rehabilitation group was treated with limb exercise and daily living training,besides treatments mentioned above.The scores of degrees of neural damage,Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),modified Barthel index(MBI) and disability rating scale within 3 months of two groups were compared.Results:The scores of degree of neural damage,FMA,MBI and disability rating scale,and rate of complication of the rehabilitation group were significantly different from that of the control group.Conclusion:Early rehabilitation can improve brain function and reduce complication incidence of TBI patients.
Proliferative enteropathy of rabbits: the intracellular Campylobacter-like organism is closely related to Lawsonia intracellularis.

The intracellular Campylobacter-like organism associated with proliferative enteropathy of rabbits is closely related to Lawsonia intracellularis, the primary pathogen in porcine intestinal adenomatosis. Polymerase chain reaction primers based on the 16S rRNA gene of L. intracellularis were used to amplify DNA harvested from intestinal tissues of rabbits with severe proliferative intestinal lesions containing curved argentophilic intracellular bacteria. Sequencing of a 180-nucleotide DNA fragment of the 550-base pair-amplified polymerase chain reaction product revealed >98% similarity between the organism associated with the rabbit disease and the homologous sequence found in L.intracellularis.
Invasive lionfish reduce native fish abundance on a regional scale.

Invasive lionfish pose an unprecedented threat to biodiversity and fisheries throughout Atlantic waters off of the southeastern United States, the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Here, we employ a spatially replicated Before-After-Control-Impact analysis with temporal pairing to quantify for the first time the impact of the lionfish invasion on native fish abundance across a broad regional scale and over the entire duration of the lionfish invasion (1990–2014). Our results suggest that 1) lionfish-impacted areas off of the southeastern United States are most prevalent off-shore near the continental shelf-break but are also common near-shore and 2) in impacted areas, lionfish have reduced tomtate (a native forage fish) abundance by 45% since the invasion began. Tomtate served as a model native fish species in our analysis and as such, it is likely that the lionfish invasion has had similar impacts on other species, some of which may be of economic importance. Barring the development of a control strategy that reverses the lionfish invasion, the abundance of lionfish in the Atlantic, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico will likely remain at or above current levels. Consequently, the effect of lionfish on native fish abundance will likely continue for the foreseeable future.
The Medial Temporal Lobe and Episodic Memory

Memories for the events of one's personal past take multiple forms that are differentially enabled by distinct computations performed by the medial temporal lobe (MTL). MTL cortex is posited to establish similar representations of similar events, enabling later recognition of single event attributes; the hippocampus is posited to establish distinct representations of similar events, enabling later memory for ensembles of co-occurring event attributes. These MTL contributions to episodic memory are situated within broader large-scale network interactions, including interactions with regions in the lateral prefrontal and lateral parietal cortices.
Reconstructing Multiwell Potentials with Steep Gradients Using Stochastically Excited Spring Probes

Measurements of free energy landscapes are critical for understanding the basis of many physical, chemical, and biological interactions. Statistical mechanics provide exact equations to calculate free energies, but are built on the assumption that all possible configurations of the system are sampled. The most pronounced limit to accurate free energy computations is therefore the imperfect sampling of a potential field, particularly in the case of interactions with steep gradients and short reaction coordinates. We show through simulations that increasing the stochastic fluctuations of a harmonic probe by active excitation results in increased sampling times of high gradient adhesive interactions and leads to the reconstruction of a more accurate energy landscape. We use Brownian dynamics simulations to test the impact of probe approach velocity, stiffness, and thermal energy to sample complex energy landscapes with multiple wells of various depths and slopes to understand the accuracy of energy surface r...
Sensitivities of the hydrologic cycle to model physics, grid resolution, and ocean type in the aquaplanet community atmosphere model

Precipitation distributions and extremes play a fundamental role in shaping Earth's climate and yet are poorly represented in many global climate models. Here, a suite of idealized Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) aquaplanet simulations is examined to assess the aquaplanet's ability to reproduce hydroclimate statistics of real-Earth configurations and to investigate sensitivities of precipitation distributions and extremes to model physics, horizontal grid resolution, and ocean type. Little difference in precipitation statistics is found between aquaplanets using time-constant sea-surface temperatures and those implementing a slab ocean model with a 50 m mixed-layer depth. In contrast, CAM version 5.3 (CAM5.3) produces more time mean, zonally averaged precipitation than CAM version 4 (CAM4), while CAM4 generates significantly larger precipitation variance and frequencies of extremely intense precipitation events. The largest model configuration-based precipitation sensitivities relate to choice of horizontal grid resolution in the selected range 1-2 degrees. Refining grid resolution has significant physics-dependent effects on tropical precipitation: for CAM4, time mean zonal mean precipitation increases along the Equator and the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) narrows, while for CAM5.3 precipitation decreases along the Equator and the twin branches of the ITCZ shift poleward. Increased grid resolution also reduces light precipitation frequencies and enhances extreme precipitation for both CAM4 and CAM5.3 resulting in better alignment with observational estimates. A discussion of the potential implications these hydrologic cycle sensitivities have on the interpretation of precipitation statistics in future climate projections is also presented.
Low altitude remote sensing technologies for crop stress monitoring: a case study on spatial and temporal monitoring of irrigated pinto bean

Site-specific crop management is a promising approach to maximize crop yield with optimal use of rapidly depleting natural resources. Availability of high resolution crop data at critical growth stages is a key for real-time data-driven decisions during the production season. The goal of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using small unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based remote sensing technologies to monitor the crop stress of irrigated pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with varied irrigation and tillage treatments. A small UAS with onboard multispectral and infrared thermal imaging sensors was used to collect data from bean field plots on three growth stages in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Indicators including green normalized vegetation index (GNDVI), canopy cover (CC, ratio of ground covered by crop canopy to the total plot area) and canopy temperature (CT, °C) of crops were extracted from imaging data and correlated with ground-reference crop yield and leaf area index (LAI) estimated with a handheld ceptometer. Results show that GNDVI, CC and CT were able to differentiate crops with full and deficit irrigation treatments at each of the three growth stages in both years. Developed indicators were strongly correlated with to the crop yield with Pearson correlation coefficients (r) of approximate 0.71 and 0.72 for GNDVI and CC, respectively, in the early growth stage (54 days after planting) in both years. Canopy temperature showed even stronger correlation (r > 0.8) with yield at early growth stage. Performance of small UAS-based imagery-based indicators in crop stress monitoring and crop yield estimation was better than or comparable to that of the ground-based LAI estimates, indicating the potential of such remote sensing tool in rapid crop stress monitoring and management.
Perspectives on Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia is a land of diversity, yet it has evolved an identity for itself based on its centuries-old civilization. Since the 1940s, when the area was first recognized as a realm by the modern world, Southeast Asia has been identified by distinct characteristics. Several events and special features of international significance have taken place in the realm, strengthening its regional personality. Such events and features can be classified in political, economic, cultural and demographic settings.
Anxiety symptoms in elderly patients with depression: what is the best approach to treatment?

Depressed elderly persons frequently have concurrent symptoms of anxiety or comorbid anxiety disorders. Such comorbidity is associated with a more severe presentation of depressive illness, including greater suicidality. Additionally, most antidepressant treatment studies in the elderly have found poorer treatment outcomes in those with comorbid anxiety (including delayed or diminished response and increased likelihood of dropout from treatment).
Selective Observation of Nonradiative Electronic States in Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Multidimensional coherent spectroscopy measurements of SiV− centers in diamond reveal a previously unexamined population of silicon-based defect states, which are not detected in photoluminescence and which exhibit a substantial degree of inhomogeneous broadening.
Genetic Code Expansion: A Powerful Tool for Understanding the Physiological Consequences of Oxidative Stress Protein Modifications

Posttranslational modifications resulting from oxidation of proteins (Ox-PTMs) are present intracellularly under conditions of oxidative stress as well as basal conditions. In the past, these modifications were thought to be generic protein damage, but it has become increasingly clear that Ox-PTMs can have specific physiological effects. It is an arduous task to distinguish between the two cases, as multiple Ox-PTMs occur simultaneously on the same protein, convoluting analysis. Genetic code expansion (GCE) has emerged as a powerful tool to overcome this challenge as it allows for the site-specific incorporation of an Ox-PTM into translated protein. The resulting homogeneously modified protein products can then be rigorously characterized for the effects of individual Ox-PTMs. We outline the strengths and weaknesses of GCE as they relate to the field of oxidative stress and Ox-PTMs. An overview of the Ox-PTMs that have been genetically encoded and applications of GCE to the study of Ox-PTMs, including antibody validation and therapeutic development, is described.
Relationship between Benzene Metabolism and Toxicity: A Proposed Mechanism for the Formation of Reactive Intermediates from Polyphenol Metabolites

Exposure to benzene has long been associated with myelotoxicity. A variety of blood dyscrasias attributed to benzene exposure has been reported including leukopenia, pancytopenia, bone marrow hypoplasia or aplasia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia and lymphocytopenia (Aksoy et al, 1971; 1972 Goldwater, 1941; for review see Laskin & Goldstein, 1977). Among these abnormalities one of the most frequently cited is lymphocytopenia. In one of the few controlled studies of workers exposed to benzene, Goldwater reported the frequent occurrence of an absolute lymphocytopenia in affected individuals (1941), and additional studies have reported a correlation between lymphocytopenia and altered immunologic parameters in workers exposed to benzene (Lange et al, 1973a,b; Revnova, 1962; Roth et al, 1972). Lymphocytopenia results from benzene exposure in experimental animals as well. Several studies have demonstrated that benzene exposure in rats or rabbits result in bone marrow hypoplasia accompanied by a dose-related lymphocytopenia which precedes a decrease in the number of other circulating cells (Selling, 1916; Weiskotten et al, 1920; Svirbely et al, 1944; Nau et al, 1966; Irons et al, 1979; Irons & Moore, 1980; Irons, 1980).
Linguistic and Motor Aspects of Stuttering

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the available research on linguistic and motor aspects of stuttering and to assess the theoretical positions that have been advanced to explain them. Stuttering is always associated with the initial position of syllables, words, and sentences. This is true for children and adults in all kinds of speech tasks. In adults, the evidence indicates that stuttering is associated with long or multisyllabic words, stressed syllables, and consonant production. Other factors being equal, stuttering is also likely on words of high information load, infrequently occurring words, and content words, particularly in the oral reading of adult stutterers. Evidence suggests that stuttering is also influenced by contextual variables within phonetic and syllabic makeup of words. It appears that beginning stutterers have the greatest difficulty with frequently occurring pronouns and conjunctions that are located at the beginning of sentences.
Dynamical Systems Involving Uncertainty

Dynamical systems involving uncertainties or fluctuations and properly modelled by nonlinear stochastic differential equations are solved by a method of successive approximations, involving no closure approximations or artificial assumptions on the nature of the processes, to determine statistics to second order.