cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactions of lung stretch, hyperoxia, and MIP-2 production in ventilator-induced lung injury

The use of positive pressure mechanical ventilation can cause ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). We hypothesized that hyperoxia in combination with large tidal volumes (Vt) would accentuate non...
INVESTMENT POLICY FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGE FOUNDATIONS: ARE COMMODITY FUTURES PRUDENT?

Community colleges have been especially hard hit by the decrease in financial resources. Because the prospect of gaining additional funding from governmental sources and students is remote, communi...
Training and competency assessment in electronic fetal monitoring: a national survey

Abstract Objective To investigate current patterns of training and competency assessment in electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for obstetrics and gynecology residents and maternal–fetal medicine fellows. Methods A questionnaire was mailed to the directors of all 254 accredited US residencies in obstetrics and gynecology and 61 accredited US fellowships in maternal–fetal medicine. Questions focused on the methods used for teaching and assessing competency in EFM. Results Two hundred thirty-nine programs (76%) responded to the survey. Clinical experience is used by 219 programs (92%) to teach EFM, both initially and on an ongoing basis. Significantly more residencies than fellowships use written materials and lectures to teach EFM. More than half of all programs require trainees to participate in some type of EFM training at least every 6 months; 23 programs (10%) have no requirement at all. Subjective evaluation is used by 174 programs (73%) to assess competency in EFM. Written or oral examinations, skills checklists, and logbooks are used exclusively by residencies as means of competency assessment. Two thirds of all programs assess EFM skills at least every 6 months; 40 programs (17%), the majority of which are fellowships, have no formal requirement. Conclusion Most US training programs use supervised clinical experience as both their primary source of teaching EFM and their principal competency assessment tool. Residencies are more likely to have formal instruction and assessment than are fellowships. Few programs are using novel strategies (eg, computers or simulators) in their curriculum.
Process energy comparison for the production and harvesting of algal biomass as a biofuel feedstock.

Abstract Harvesting and drying are often described as the most energy intensive stages of microalgal biofuel production. This study analyzes two cultivation and eleven harvest technologies for the production of microalgae biomass with and without the use of drying. These technologies were combined to form 122 different production scenarios. The results of this study present a calculation methodology and optimization of total energy demand for the production of algal biomass for biofuel production. The energetic interaction between unit processes and total process energy demand are compared for each scenario. Energy requirements are shown to be highly dependent on final mass concentration, with thermal drying being the largest energy consumer. Scenarios that omit thermal drying in favor of lipid extraction from wet biomass show the most promise for energy efficient biofuel production. Scenarios which used open ponds for cultivation, followed by settling and membrane filtration were the most energy efficient.
The Linear Rational Expectations Equilibrium Inventory Model: An Introduction

This paper intends to serve as an introduction to the other papers in this volume. It develops a linear rational expectations equilibrium version of the Holt et al (1960) inventory model. The necessary conditions and the sufficient conditions for a solution are derived and the stability, cycling, and comparative dynamics properties of the solution are investigated.
From Wall Street to the Great Wall: reflections on teaching a travel course to China

Globalisation has brought about radical changes to college curricula, especially in economics. Among other pedagogical tools, travel courses have become a popular component of different international programmes as they give economics majors a rare first-hand opportunity to learn about the current political, social, and economic dynamics that are impacting other countries’ cultures and institutions. This paper discusses the issues involved in developing a travel course to China, as well as the objectives, content, organisational matters, and logistics of an international travel course. To guide the discussion, the authors use their own experience of taking 19 undergraduate students to China.
The Measurement of Gender-Role Attitudes: A Review and Commentary

This article reviews measures of gender-role attitudes with an emphasis on The Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS; Spence & Helmreich, 1972); the Sex Role Egalitarianism Scale (SRES; Beere, King, Beere, & King, 1984); the Modern Sexism Scale (MS; Swim, Aikin, Hall, & Hunter, 1995); the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI; Click & Fiske, 1996), and the Children's Occupational Activity Trait-Attitude Measure (COAT-AM; Bigler, Liben, Lobliner, & Yekel, 1995). The discussion of gender-role attitude measures focuses on the following themes: psychometric criteria; theoretical and conceptual distinctions among measures; domains of attitudes and behaviors included; relationship to other measures; and the meaningfulness and relevance of items. Gender-role attitude scales are viewed as measuring gender-role ideology in a particular sociohistorical context; context-specificity is viewed as contributing to the proliferation of scales, and as limiting the usefulness of scales across cultural and temporal boundaries.
A model for scale up of family health innovations in low-income and middle-income settings: a mixed methods study.

Background: Many family health innovations that have been shown to be both efficacious and cost-effective fail to scale up for widespread use particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries (LMIC). Although individual cases of successful scale-up, in which widespread take up occurs, have been described, we lack an integrated and practical model of scale-up that may be applicable to a wide range of public health innovations in LMIC. Objective: To develop an integrated and practical model of scale-up that synthesises experiences of family health programmes in LMICs. Data sources: We conducted a mixed methods study
High-Bandwidth Density and Low-Power Optical MCM Using Waveguide-Integrated Organic Substrate

A high-bandwidth density and low-power optical multichip module (MCM) is developed and demonstrated. The module includes bare optical and driver chips and an application specific integrated circuit bonded on an optical waveguide-integrated organic carrier. Characterization results show that the optical I/O operates up to 20 Gb/s. The high-speed performance is not limited by the electrical characteristics of the carrier but by the optical chip bandwidth. The space between the VCSEL/PD surface and the waveguide is minimized to less than 5 μm by using an assembly technology with chip height control, which results in an average insertion loss of 2.7 dB. Alignment tolerances for a 0.5 dB insertion loss increase are ±5 and 7 μm for the transmitter, and ±6 and 7 μm for the receiver in the parallel and perpendicular directions respectively. This type of organic optical MCM promises to integrate high-bandwidth density and low-power optical I/Os with CMOS ICs on first level packages for next generation high performance computers and servers.
A functional perspective on sexual selection: insights and future prospects

A large number of sexual selection studies have focused on examining the morphological and behavioural factors involved in male combat and female choice, such as whether large males achieve higher reproductive success compared with smaller males. However, until recently, the mechanistic reasons why such cues are linked to male dominance or female choice have been elusive. An emerging body of work shows that physiological and whole-organism performance capacities are important in individual reproductive success. Males with high performance or other physiological capacities (e.g. endurance, biting) often enjoy an advantage over males with poorer performance capacities during male–male contests. In contrast, few studies have examined links between performance and female choice. Here, we highlight recent key literature integrating sexual selection, performance and physiology. We also point to areas where a more rigorous investigation of underlying physiological processes may yield insights into sexual selection. In particular, we note that current progress in several important areas may be hampered by an inadequate physiological understanding of condition. We suggest a conceptual approach that may shed light on the physiological factors underlying condition, and we point out several other potentially important avenues for future research.
Temperate viruses and lysogeny in Lake Superior bacterioplankton

The morphology and abundance of free viruses were measured in spring, summer, and fall at one site in Lake Superior. Free viral head sizes ranged from 10 to 70 nm and tail length ranged from 10 to 110 nm. The vast majority (98%) of free viral head sizes were 560 nm, smaller than reported in most freshwater habitats. Most of these free viruses (70%) had polyhedral heads and tails, indicative of bacteriophage. Free viral abundance only ranged from 0.1 to 9 X lo6 viruses ml-’ in the surface microlayer (top 20 pm) and subsurface water (20 m) in Lake Superior, but viruses were 2-15 times more abundant in the surface microlayer. This difference may be due to the enrichment of bacterial hosts, higher levels of UV light that induce temperate phage, or differences in viral burst sizes in the surface microlayer relative to subsurface water. Bacterioplankton were always more abundant than free viruses in both the surface microlayer and subsurface water, which resulted in some of the lowest virus-tobacterium ratios reported for marine or freshwater environments. Temperate viruses from both habitats responded equally to mitomycin-C and UV light treatments used to induce prophage into lytic cycles. An estimated O.l-7.4% of the bacterioplankton from this site in Lake Superior contained temperate prophage depending on viral burst sizes that were assumed. Three times more bacteria in the surface microlayer may contain temperate viruses compared to bacterioplankton in subsurface waters. In the western arm of Lake Superior, bacterioplankton infected by temperate phage may be more important for the survival of bacteriophage populations than as future carbon sources for new microbial production.
Nail-Houses, Land Rights, and Frames of Injustice on China's Protest Landscape

This article highlights the way in which Chinese protestors resisting home eviction and demolition have begun to develop innovative, media-savvy tactics for winning public sympathy for their causes and framing their plights as unjust, and considers the political implications of this trend.
Mesolithic fish and fishermen of the Lower Danube (Iron Gates)

This study analyzes the importance of fishing as part of the survival strategies of the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic groups of the Danube Iron Gates. It considers the species of fish present in the archaeological record of the Iron Gates sites, ecology, and possible fishing tools and techniques, in order to determine if the quantities caught during favorable seasons could have also insured food reserves for the winter. The author concludes that the presence of large species like sturgeon may be misleading with regard to how intensively these fish were caught, and that besides common species such as carp and catfish, the bulk of the harvest was mainly of smaller species that had fewer chances of being well preserved in the archaeological record.
Simulations of Field Driven Domain Wall Interactions in Ferromagnetic Nanowires

The interaction of domain walls in a single ferromagnetic nanowire has been observed with micromagnetic simulation. Domain walls separating domains of opposite magnetization move towards each other when an external field is applied along the long axis of the wire resulting in a collision. The final magnetic state of the wire after the collision will contain either zero (domain wall annihilation) or two (domain wall conservation) domain walls. Here we explore the behavior that determines the final state, showing that it depends on the initial domain wall configuration, the speed the domain walls are moving with before the collision, and the dimensions of the nanowire. A model is also presented which helps to determine the repulsive force the conserved domain walls exert on each other.
Combined Blind Equalization and Automatic Modulation Classification for Cognitive Radios

Blind equalization and Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) have been of significant importance for cognitive radios when the receiver has no information about the channel or modulation type. Choosing an appropriate equalizer is difficult in the absence of channel information. In this paper, an AMC based on cyclostationary feature detection and a predictor-based recursive blind equalizer is used in conjunction. The probability of classification of the AMC is used as a metric and fed back to update the blind equalizer order. The equalizer and the AMC enhance the performance of each other. Computer simulations are given to illustrate the concept and yield promising results.
The Mechanics of Vascular Cell Motility

Alterations in vascular cell shape and motility occur during developmental processes and in response to injury. Similarly, during tumor vascularization and atherogenesis, endothelial and smooth muscle cells undergo motile and proliferative responses to extracellular cues. Recent inroads into our understanding of signal transduction have identified several candidate pathways by which the extracellular matrix- and growth factor-mediated stimulation of vascular cell motility may be mediated. The multiple and divergent extracellular stimuli that stimulate vascular motile responses may converge on the cytoskeleton via a family of ras-related GTPases. Biochemical analyses as well as examination of cytoskeletal dynamics in vivo indicate that actin polymerization at the forward aspects of spreading cytoplasm is capable of driving forward protrusion formation in the absence of a conventional actin motor. Actin polymerization at the plasma membrane of leading lamellae may be mediated both by de novo nucleation of actin filaments and the generation of free filament ends by uncapping the barbed ends of existing actin filaments. This review summarizes the most recent findings in extracellular-cytoskeletal-signal transduction, therein, providing a framework to explain the remarkable remodeling seen in the vasculature during developmental and disease-related processes.
Noise Modeling From Conductive Shields Using Kirchhoff Equations

Progress in the development of high-sensitivity magnetic-field measurements has stimulated interest in understanding the magnetic noise of conductive materials, especially of magnetic shields based on high-permeability materials and/or high-conductivity materials. For example, SQUIDs and atomic magnetometers have been used in many experiments with mu-metal shields, and additionally SQUID systems frequently have radio frequency shielding based on thin conductive materials. Typical existing approaches to modeling noise only work with simple shield and sensor geometries while common experimental setups today consist of multiple sensor systems with complex shield geometries. With complex sensor arrays used in, for example, MEG and Ultra Low Field MRI studies, knowledge of the noise correlation between sensors is as important as knowledge of the noise itself. This is crucial for incorporating efficient noise cancelation schemes for the system. We developed an approach that allows us to calculate the Johnson noise for arbitrary shaped shields and multiple sensor systems. The approach is efficient enough to be able to run on a single PC system and return results on a minute scale. With a multiple sensor system our approach calculates not only the noise for each sensor but also the noise correlation matrix between sensors. Here we will show how the algorithm can be implemented.
Predation risk associated with group singing in a neotropical wood-quail

Abstract Decades of fruitful research on the study of vocal communication in birds have provided surprisingly little evidence of a predation cost associated with singing. In this paper, I report the first observational evidence of a risk of predation associated with chorusing in a Neotropical wood-quail. Black-breasted Wood-Quail (Odontophorus leucolaemus) live in groups year-round and produce coordinated group choruses or duets. Three mammalian and two avian species of predators were attracted to playbacks of recorded wood-quail choruses that I used during population surveys and capture attempts from March to August, 2000–2002. The trade-off between signaling and predation risk may be an important force in the evolution of chorusing in New World quails.
Augmenting the Skin Immune System

Manipulation of the immune system for clinical dermatology can be divided into three categories: augmentation of immunity, suppression of immunity, or alteration of immunity such as induction of tolerance. Current methods for augmenting immunity include vaccination, medications, or interventions such as stem cell transplantation. Traditional vaccination relies upon administration of either antigens, inactivated or attenuated, or live organisms, with or without adjuvants. In the case of inherited immune deficiencies, gene therapy or bone marrow transplants have been performed. In the case of acquired immune deficiencies due to infection (such as human immunodeficiency virus), drugs directed at the causative organism have been used. In the case of acquired immune deficiency due to malignancy, antitumor medications have been indicated. While these therapies tend to be effective for their respective indications, they may lack efficiency, may lack a robust and sustained change in immune status, or may lack specificity and entail significant side effects or unintended effects.
Recombination, Heteroplasmy, Haplotype Polymorphism, and Paralogy in Plastid Genes: Implications for Plant Molecular Systematics

The chloroplast genome has provided sequence data for inferring plant phylogenies for more than a decade. General operational assumptions regarding chloroplast gene sequences are that they are single-copy, under strong functional constraint, and uniparentally inherited. However, studies have demonstrated the transfer of large segments of the chloroplast genome into the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes. Additionally, heteroplasmy and haplotype polymorphism of plastid genomes within and among individuals have been documented. Random sampling of nucleotide sequences from different plastid haplotypes or from paralogous sequences through the course of a systematic investigation may affect the resulting gene tree topology and the inferences drawn from it.
Objective Performance Feedback: Is Numerical Accuracy Necessary?

Performance feedback is ubiquitous in Organizational Behavior Management (OBM); yet its essential components are still debated. It has been assumed that performance feedback must be accurate, but this assumption has not been well established. Two experiments were carried out to research feedback accuracy. Experiment 1 was a single-subject design where performance feedback accuracy was manipulated. Results from Experiment 1 suggested feedback may not need to be accurate to improve performance prompting a follow-up study. Experiment 2 was a repeated measures between-groups design with three types of objective feedback: accurate, high (triple) and low (1/3) inaccurate, and no feedback control. Both accurate and tripled feedback significantly improved performance over the control and low-inaccurate feedback groups. Performance feedback may have reduced time off-task across all three feedback conditions compared to the control. Data from performance feedback research need multi-faceted analysis to fully unders...
4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase in Wild Carrot Cell Culture Clones Which Accumulate Different Amounts of Anthocyanin

Single cell clones isolated from an anthocyanin-producing suspension culture of wild carrot (Daucus carota) differed widely in their anthocyanin accumulation under standard conditions (Dougall et al. 1980). Recloning of the high-accumulating and low-accumulating clones showed that the subclones from each displayed a wide range of anthocyanin accumulation. These and other data were interpreted as ruling out traditional mutations as the mechanism leading to the differences in anthocyanin accumulated by the cells. The differences could be accounted for by the ability of the cells to exist in one of two states of anthocyanin accumulation, either high or low, which are heritable but which interconvert at high frequency relative to the time required for cloning and analysis (Meins 1983).
Establishment of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells with extended life-span.

Aim To generate and characterize a telomerase-immortalized human retinal microvascular endothelial cell (HREC) line. This cell line may be utilized as an in vitro model to study the molecular basis of several diseases of the human retina. Materials and methods Primary retinal neuronal cells were isolated and transfected with plasmid encoding full-length human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Transfected cells were selected and characterized to determine telomerase activity, karyotype, proliferative capacity and functionality. Results HREC-hTERT cells appear morphologically similar to primary endothelial cells and have an extended in vitro life-span. HREC-hTERT cells express the progenitor/stem cell marker nestin. They have active telomerase and a high proliferative capacity. These cells also maintain a diploid karyotype. The HREC-hTERT cells showed high colony-formation capacity and plating efficiency compared to the primary cells. These cells are capable of differentiation into neuronal and glial cell phenotypes and the differentiated cells express the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the neuronal marker microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2), respectively. Conclusion The in vitro life-span of human retinal neuronal endothelial cells can be extended by ectopic expression of hTERT without altering the genetic stability and functionality of these cells. These cells will be a valuable tool to further our understanding on the role of HRECs in the human blood-retinal-barrier and in angiogenesis and neovascularization.
Trends in referral to cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction: data from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry 2007 to 2012.

To the Editor: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a guideline-recommended therapy that reduces mortality after acute myocardial infarction (MI) [(1)][1]. However, it is notoriously underutilized. Between 2000 and 2007, only 56% of eligible patients were referred to CR [(1,2)][1]. In 2007, professional
Limited Retinacular Vessel Damage Does Not Compromise Femoral Head Perfusion During Hip Arthroscopy - Can the Vascular Safe Zone be Extended?:

Objectives:The utilization of hip arthroscopy for FAI is on the rise. Hip arthroscopy has been shown to be safe to the blood supply of the femoral head when performing femoral osteochondroplasty. There are no reports of avascular necrosis of the femoral head after hip arthroscopy from cohort studies. Arthroscopic safe zones have been identified, based on femoral head vascularity studies, that extend from the lateral synovial fold anterior to 12 o clock to the medial synovial fold at 6 o clock. However, advances in technique have allowed for treatment of more extensile posterolateral cam deformities with both arthroscopic and open approaches, and may therefore place a portion of the retinacular vessels at risk for injury. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of an extended arthroscopic femoroplasty on femoral head vascularity. We hypothesized that limited retinacular vessel damage by extending a cam resection posterior to 12 o clock would not cause a significant reduction in femoral head pe...
Lenin in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

My paper will examine two positions staked out in the wake of Lenin’s death in January 1924, two possibilities for modern memorialization: that represented by the Commission for the Immortalization of the Memory of V.I. Lenin, charged with the preservation of the leader’s body and the regulation of all non-photographic images bearing his representation, and an alternative model proposed by the Lef group, a loose association of Marxist and Formalist theorists, experimental artists and writers, who were the editors and contributors to the journal Lef. The Immortalization Commission and the artists they favored attempted to tie the mass-produced work of art to a stable referent, anxiously seeking a presence which no longer existed. In contrast, the Lef group, criticizing the efforts of the Immortalization Commission, issued a mandate for representation of the leader that would refuse any essential subject and insist instead on infinite multiplicity. In practice, this counter portrait is most clearly developed in the work of Lef member and Russian Constructivist Aleksandr Rodchenko.
Quantal Motor Action in Muscle Contraction

It is becoming clear that quantal behavior is a central feature of contractile systems. Steplike behavior has been demonstrated in the kinesin - microtubule system and in the myosin - actin filament system-both on molecular scale. We show here that step-like features appear also in the single intact sarcomere. We studied single sarcomeres of single bumblebee myofibrils. Motorimposed ramp length changes on activated myofibrils resulted in sarcomere-length changes that were stepwise. Computer analysis of the stepwise shortening patterns revealed a step-size distribution containing multiple peaks. The peaks were separated by 2.7 nm per half-sarcomere which is the linear actin-subunit spacing. Thus, translation steps are an integer multiple of the actin-subunit spacing. This result parallels the one observed in the kinesin-tubulin spacing where step size is a multiple of the tubulin-subunit spacing. In the muscle system, however, the steps are preserved on a macroscopic scale, implying high synchrony. The quantal steps are easily explained by a model in which the actin filament propels itself over stationary cross-bridges: if actin binds to the cross-bridges between steps, then the observed quantal result is inevitable.
THE EFFECT OF BOLT LOAD PROPORTIONING ON THE CAPACITY OF MULTIPLE-BOLT COMPOSITE JOINTS

This paper addresses the issue of adjusting the proportion of load transmitted by each hole in a multiple-hole joint so that the joint capacity is a maximum. Specifically two-hole-in-series joints are examined. Results indicate that when each hole reacts 50% of the total load, the joint capacity is not a maximum. One hole generally is understressed at joint failure. The algorithm, which includes a failure criteria, to determine the load proportion at each hole which results in maximum capacity is discussed. The results for three laminates with variations in joint width, hole diameter, and hole spacing are presented.
Precision psychiatry: a neural circuit taxonomy for depression and anxiety

Summary Although there have been tremendous advances in the understanding of human dysfunctions in the brain circuitry for self-reflection, emotion, and cognitive control, a brain-based taxonomy for mental disease is still lacking. As a result, these advances have not been translated into actionable clinical tools, and the language of brain circuits has not been incorporated into training programmes. To address this gap, I present this synthesis of published work, with a focus on functional imaging of circuit dysfunctions across the spectrum of mood and anxiety disorders. This synthesis provides the foundation for a taxonomy of putative types of dysfunction, which cuts across traditional diagnostic boundaries for depression and anxiety and includes instead distinct types of neural circuit dysfunction that together reflect the heterogeneity of depression and anxiety. This taxonomy is suited to specifying symptoms in terms of underlying neural dysfunction at the individual level and is intended as the foundation for building mechanistic research and ultimately guiding clinical practice.
Analysis on results of occupational physical examination in a ferroalloy enterprise in 2012

[Objective]To understand the occupational health status of workers exposed to occupational hazard factors in a ferroalloy enterprise,find out the occupational contraindications and patients with suspected occupational diseases,and strengthen the health supervision among workers exposed to occupational hazards.[Methods]According to the regulations of GBZ 188,the physical examination was conducted in 1 180 employees during the working period,and the results were analyzed.[Results]Among 1 180 employees,843 were normal for all indexes,and the normal rate was 71.44%.The patient with suspected occupational diseases was not found,and there were 29 people with occupational contraindications.337 employees had the abnormal results of physical examination,with the abnormal rate of 28.56%.The abnormal detection rate in males was significantly higher than that in females( P 0.01).There was significant difference in abnormal detection rate among different age groups( P 0.01),which the abnormal detection rate increased with increasing of age,and it reached 76.92% in over 60 year – old age group.There was significant difference in abnormal detection rate among workers exposed to different occupational hazard factors( P 0.01).The top four indexes of high abnormal detection rate were liver function,urine routine test,blood glucose and blood pressure.[Conclusion]It is indicated that occupational health surveillance among exposure workers cannot be ignored,and the enterprise should pay attention to the health damage of chronic diseases.
Formation mechanism and characteristics of debris flows in Huangzhu Town,Chengxian County

The debris flow disaster,showing the characteristics of high frequency,abruptness and destructiveness,is a frequent natural disaster in Huangzhu Town,Chengxian County.Based on the investigation and analysis of three major debris flow gully in Huangzhu Town,this paper discussed the geological background,activity characteristics and formation process,as well as the development mechanism and trend of the debris flows,and proposed a general idea of the controlling measures,including stabilizing,blocking,discharging et.al,to improve the ecological environment,achieve the goal of disaster prevention and mitigation.
Response to initial griseofulvin therapy in pediatric patients with tinea capitis.

OBJECTIF: Evaluer le taux de reponse a un traitement initial de griseofulvine chez des enfants avec tinea capitis et determiner si des variables cliniques ou epidemiologiques peuvent differer chez les patients qui repondent au traitement par rapport a ceux qui n'y repondent pas. DEVIS EXPERIMENTAL: Les dossiers medicaux des patients ayant eu un diagnostic confirme de tinea capitis entre juillet 1993-juin 1995 ont ete revises de facon retrospective. Les patients etaient inclus dans l'etude seulement si une culture positive de dermatophyte avait ete obtenue et si la prescription initiale de griseofulvine avait ete remplie a la pharmacie de l'hopital ou s'est deroulee l'etude. Il y avait reponse au traitement si le patient ne retoumait pas a la clinique ou s'il se presentait a nouveau mais sans aucun signe ou symptome de l'infection. Si le patient retoumait a la clinique dans les 8 mois suivant la premiere consultation et presentait toujours des signes et symptomes de la maladie, il y avait alors echec au traitement. RESULTATS: De juillet 1993-juin 1995, 479 cultures positives ont ete confirmees chez 474 patients et 857 ordonnances de griseofulvine ont ete remplies pour 765 patients. Des 122 patients qui respectaient les deux criteres d'inclusion, 60.7% ont repondu au traitement initial. Les 39.3% restants se sont presentes a la clinique dans les 8 mois suivant le traitement initial. Une recidive tardive de l'infection a ete observee chez 10.7% des patients. Aucune correlation entre la reponse clinique et la dose, l'âge, la race, ou le sexe n'a ete etablie. Cependant, une tendance a un plus haut taux de reponse a ete notee chez les patients qui ont recu le traitement plus longtemps. CONCLUSIONS: Le tinea capitis est toujours present dans la population pediatrique urbaine. Les donnees recueillies par les auteurs suggerent que la griseofulvine, consideree actuellement comme le traitement de choix du tinea capitis, peut s'averer inefficace chez plus du tiers des enfants avec tinea capitis.
A Qualitative Study of Momentum in Basketball: Practical lessons, possible strategies. (Case Study)

Momentum has intrigued coaches and players, sport participants and researchers for years due to its ephemeral nature, association with success, and complexity as a subject of investigation. It is one of the most desirable, yet least understood performance experiences in social sport psychology. This study explored the experiential phenomenon of momentum, defined as an emotionally infused appraisal of current performance, using qualitative procedures involving 11 basketball players and coaches as informants. A case study helped highlight important features of what happens during instances of momentum. It was found that momentum is a hard to create but a valuable phenomenon for athletes and coaches, alike. Additionally, momentum seemed to elicit significant emotional, behavioral, and cognitive effects which constituted patterns of response to events in competition. These effects, manifested differently for players and coaches, occurred as performance appraisals and likely had considerable performance consequences for those experiencing it. This article will conclude with suggestions for practical application for both coaches and players and even fans who thrive on the ebb and flow of competitively spirited contests. 1 Schoen: Case Study Published by Digital Commons @ Kent State University Libraries, 2015
Ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction: a description of the pathologic process, current investigation, and suggested therapy.

Ventricular remodeling is a pathologic alteration in the size and shape of the ventricle following acute myocardial infarction. These structural changes result in cardiomegaly leading to morbidity and early mortality. Early investigation suggests that preload and afterload reduction will reduce remodeling and preserve optimal cardiac function.
Leibniz’s Art of Infallibility, Watson, and the Philosophy, Theory, and Future of AI

When IBM’s Deep Blue beat Kasparov in 1997, Bringsjord (Technol Rev 101(2):23–28, 1998) complained that despite the impressive engineering that made this victory possible, chess is simply too easy a challenge for AI, given the full range of what the rational side of the human mind can muster. However, arguably everything changed in 2011. For in that year, playing not a simple board game, but rather an open-ended game based in natural language, IBM’s Watson trounced the best human Jeopardy! players on the planet. And what does Watson’s prowess tell us about the philosophy, theory, and future of AI? We present and defend snyoptic answers to these questions, ones based upon Leibniz’s seminal writings on a universal logic, on a Leibnizian “three-ray” space of computational formal logics that, inspired by those writings, we have invented, and on a “scorecard” approach to assessing real AI systems based in turn on that three-ray space.
Macrophage functional heterogeneity.

Macrophages are ubiquitous in mammalian tissues where they participate in such vital processes as homeostasis (1,2), the secretion of chemical mediators (3), the development of immune competence (4,5), the regulation of immune induction (6), and as effector cells in certain expressions of efferent immunity (7). It is now evident that macrophages are not uniformly capable of all these functions; indeed, evidence accumulated over the past several years shows that populations of macrophages, like populations of lymphocytes, are functionally heterogeneous.
Performance of MMSE multi-antenna receiver under hierarchical Poisson random fields of interferences

The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) for minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) receivers is studied in this paper. It is discovered that, in the presence of multiple Poisson fields of interferers and independent Rayleigh fading between antennas, the CDF exhibits linear superposition property for multiple Poisson fields. This superposition property is used to generalize known results for a single homogenous Poisson field to multiple Poisson fields, non-homogenous Poisson fields and hierarchical clustered Poisson fields of interferers.
A simulation-based method for inventory ownership planning of aircraft spare engines and parts

The planning of spare engines and engine parts is a challenging and critical task for airlines to seamlessly support flying and engine repair operations. Engines are expensive and critical assets that make this problem important from the financial and operational perspectives. Thus, this paper presents a simulation-based method for planning the required spare ownership levels for engine spares and engine parts. The models presented are utilised in single and multi-location settings and can be used to provide estimations of the minimum spare ownership required to meet given service levels and performance metrics based on out-of-service aircraft events. Two levels of modelling are provided: a higher level where the repairable items are the engines as a whole, and a lower level that focuses on the repair of the individual engine components. Two simulation studies with actual industry data are also presented to illustrate the application of our models.
A Meta-Analytic Test of the Token Effect on Job Performance

There has been a great deal of interest in how gender relates to performance in organizational settings. Theory on proportional representation or "tokenism" suggests that females’ job performance s...
A public health economic assessment of hospitals' cost to screen newborns for critical congenital heart disease.

Objective.Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) was recently added to the U.S. Recommended Uniform Screening Panel for newborns. This evaluation aimed to estimate screening time and hospital cos...
Asking biological questions of physical systems: The device approach to emergent properties

Abstract Life occurs in concentrated “Ringer Solutions” derived from seawater that Lesser Blum studied for most of his life. As we worked together, Lesser and I realized that the questions asked of those solutions were quite different in biology from those in the physical chemistry he knew. Biology is inherited. Information is passed by handfuls of atoms in the genetic code. A few atoms in the proteins built from the code change macroscopic function. Indeed, a few atoms often control biological function in the same sense that a gas pedal controls the speed of a car. Biological questions then are most productive when they are asked in the context of evolution. What function does a system perform? How is the system built to perform that function? What forces are used to perform that function? How are the modules that perform functions connected to make the machinery of life. Physiologists have shown that much of life is a nested hierarchy of devices, one on top of another, linking atomic ions in concentrated solutions to current flow through proteins, current flow to voltage signals, voltage signals to changes in current flow, all connected to make a regenerative system that allows electrical action potentials to move meters, under the control of a few atoms. The hierarchy of devices allows macroscopic properties to emerge from atomic scale interactions. The structures of biology create these devices. The concentration and electrical fields of biology power these devices, more than anything else. The resulting organisms reproduce. Evolution selects the organisms that reproduce more and thereby selects the devices that allow macroscopic control to emerge from the atomic structures of genes and proteins and their motions.
Long-only equal risk contribution portfolios for CVaR under discrete distributions

Portfolios in which all assets contribute equally to the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) represent an interesting variation of the popular risk parity investment strategy. This paper considers the...
RESISTIVITY FLUCTUATIONS IN HIGHLY COMPENSATED NTD SILICON

Calculations of the resistivity fluctuation Δρ/\(\overline \rho\) as a function of compensation ratio in NTD-Si are presented which are valid near exact compensation. These calculations are compared with experimental data taken on silicon which has been compensated by the NTD process to resistivities as high as 100,000 Ω-cm. Calculations are also presented of the maximum possible mean resistivity obtainable before fluctuation induced type conversion occurs as a function of the initial starting material resistivity fluctuation.
Is there a duty for private employers to provide emergency mental health care services

This article presents a discussion of whether employers in private companies have a duty to provide an emergency action plan with a mental health component for its employees. It discusses basic negligence concepts and focuses mainly on the "duty of care" component of negligence. It then applies the negligence concepts to private employers and discusses how private companies arguably might have a duty under the laws of negligence to provide employees with an emergency action plan, specifically a plan including mental health provisions.
Concentrating ammonium in wastewater by forward osmosis using a surface modified nanofiltration membrane

Municipal wastewater contains a high concentration of nitrogen in the form of ammonium, which pollutes the environment if not properly removed before discharge. However, the energy intensive processes necessary to convert the biologically available forms of nitrogen into the unfixed elemental form (N2) during wastewater treatment contradict the costly industrial efforts to achieve the opposite (i.e. Haber process) for production of nitrogen fertilizers for agricultural uses. Recovery of ammonium from domestic wastewater should be a priority for wastewater treatment plants to convert the waste into resources. This study reports developing a surface modified nanofiltration membrane operating in forward osmosis mode for concentrating ammonium in wastewater. Surface modification was accomplished using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a cross-linking agent to graft polyethylenimine (PEI) on the polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC) membrane. Changes in membrane surface chemical structure and zeta potential demonstrated the successful incorporation of PEI. The modified membranes had similar surface roughness to the virgin membrane but improved hydrophilicity. Filtration tests using synthetic ammonium solutions demonstrated improved water flux and reduced reverse solute (Mg2+ and Cl− ions) flux in some of the modified membranes. All PEI grafted membranes had improved ammonium rejection for synthetic ammonium solutions as well as a secondary return activated sludge sample from a wastewater treatment plant. Ammonium rejection by the modified membranes was greater than 99% for the synthetic ammonium solution. The rejection rate declined to 89.3% for treating real wastewater but was much improved in comparison to 75.5% rejection by the virgin membrane. PEI-modified membranes present a potential technology for the collection and reuse of ammonium from wastewater sources.
Can a Septic Hip Decision Rule Aid in the Evaluation of Suspected Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infections

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal (MSK) infections can be difficult to diagnose in acute care settings. The utility of clinical decision tools for pediatric MSK infections in an emergency department has not been well studied. Objective Our aim was to evaluate the performance of a septic hip clinical decision rule (CDR) in the evaluation of pediatric musculoskeletal infections. Methods We performed a retrospective study of children evaluated for an MSK infection in our emergency department from 2014 to 2016. Data collection included demographics, discharge diagnoses, and clinical/laboratory predictors from the CDR. A χ2 analysis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests compared patients with and without MSK infections. Logistic regression analysis examined the predictors for MSK infections. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to evaluate the performance of the predictors. Results Of 996 evaluations included in the final analysis, 109 (10.9%) had MSK infections. In a multivariable model, an adjusted odds ratio (OR) was significant for fever (OR 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4–6.4), refusal to bear weight/pseudoparalysis (OR 4.4, 95% CI 2.7–7.1), and C-reactive protein (CRP) > 2.0 mg/dL (OR 5.4, 95% CI 3.2–9.1). The probability of infection was 75.1% with five predictors present, 1.9% for zero predictors, and 5.1% if one predictor was present. An ROC curve showed an area under the curve of 0.82, indicating moderate accuracy. Conclusions A septic hip CDR demonstrates a low predicted probability of an MSK infection with zero or one clinical predictor present and moderate predictability with all five predictors. Fever, refusal to bear weight/pseudoparalysis, and CRP > 2.0 mg/dL performed best and should alert providers to consider other MSK infections in addition to septic arthritis.
Engineering Student Interest in Future Work Abroad

This Work-in-Progress paper explores the global work interests of engineering students. Expectancy-value models indicate that interest in working abroad should motivate students to develop global competencies due to utility value. Further, Social Cognitive Career Theory indicates that student interest in international careers may be influenced by personal and environmental factors. This exploratory research used convenience samples of data. In a national survey (17 institutions, 2305 responses), 58% of the engineering students had some interest in living internationally as a factor important in their future careers. Student interest in living in a developing country was higher among female students, decreased with rank in college, and differed by both discipline and institution. Student interest in living in a developed country was higher among female students and varied among institutions. Among incoming first-year civil, architectural, and environmental engineering students at one large public institution, 76-94% had some interest in working on projects outside the U.S. during their career. The results show significant student interest in traveling or living abroad for work. Future research should explore how college experiences influence these global work interests and whether they translate into motivation for learning global competencies.