cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cognitive counseling for health care compliance

This paper proposes a therapy/counseling model based on RET and other cognitive approaches to enable the therapist in a health care setting to enhance patient compliance with medical and life-style treatment recommendations. Problems and reasons for low rates of compliance with treatment regimens in health settings are discussed. A four phase treatment/therapy approach including Assessment, Insight, Working Through and Homework is presented.
Director Bend Mode Behavior Near a Nematic to Smectic-A Phase Transtion

Abstract Measurements of the intensity and spectrum of light scattered by bend mode director fluctuations near the smectic-A to nematic phase transition of cyanobenzylidene octyloxyaniline are presented and analyzed. The longitudinal correlation length in the nematic phase appears to diverge (T- T)−0.75 and the data are consistent with the jahnig-Brochard scalilng function up to q∥ = 10. The bend viscosity diverges as (T - T) −0.5 when correction for beckground and Arrhenius temperature dependence are included.
The electrodeposition and determination of radium by isotopic dilution in sea water and in sediments simultaneously with other natural radionuclides

Abstract An isotopic dilution method has been developed for the determination of 226Ra and 228Ra in sea water and sediments with 223Ra as a yield tracer. An alternative procedure which obviates the need for 223Ra is demonstrated for sediments by the assay of 224Ra and 228Th which occur naturally in sediments. In addition, a direct method for β-counting 228Ra–228Ac is proposed. Radium, polonium, thorium and uranium isotopes and 210Pb are coprecipitated from sea water with aluminum phosphate carrier. The radium and lead-210 are coprecipitated with lead nitrate in sediment leachings. All radium procedures utilize identical chemical isolation and the cathodic electrodeposition of radium. Subsequently, the α-radiation emitted by 226Ra, 223Ra and 224Ra is determined by pulse-height analysis: the 228Ra-228Ac and 210Pb-210Bi are measured by low background anticoincidence β-counting techniques. This method was used for samples containing 10-11–0.5 · 10-12 g of 226Ra and 10-13–10-15 g of 228Ra and gave a precision of 3–6% and 5–10% respectively, even though radium levels an order of magnitude less can be measured. The 226Ra method is applicable to all environmental samples, whereas 228Ra determinations are limited to applications where the 228 Ra 226 Ra activity ratio is greater than 0.1. This method is especially attractive for studies of parent-daughter disequilibria.
Hybrid Spectral Element/Asymptotic Method for Boundary Layers Problems

An efficient high-order approach to multi-dimensional problems with boundary or interior layers is presented. It combines a coarse grid penalty-spectral element method with a local one-dimensional asymptotic approximation. The solution so obtained is improved by numerical manipulations on the same coarse grid. Examples of interior and boundary layer problems are presented.
Parametric Sensitivity and Search-Space Characterization Studies of Genetic Algorithms for Computer-Aided Polymer Design

Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and evolutionary methods have been demonstrated to be flexible and efficient optimization techniques with potential for locating global optima under general conditions for computer-aided molecular design (CAMD). However, they often need customization requiring detailed study of parametric sensitivity and search-space character before optimal internal parameters are determined. This paper describes such a parametric sensitivity study for GA-based polymer design. The objective of the study was to study the influence of the internal parameters of the GA on its performance on a large scale polymer design problem. The study yielded qualitative trends that clearly identified the structure of the target sought or the nature of the search-space to be the key factor determining the GA's performance. The study was then focused toward studying the structure to fitness correlation in the underlying search-space. The results of this study indicate that the performance of the GA could be enhanc...
Effect of MPC-11 myeloma and MPC-11 + IL-1 receptor antagonist treatment on mouse bone properties

Abstract This study examines the effects of an IL-6-producing murine multiple myeloma cell line on trabecular and cortical mouse bone, and evaluates the efficacy of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in mitigating bone destruction. Six-week-old BALB/c mice were assigned to two groups: normal controls and myeloma animals (5 × 10 7 MPC-11 cells on day 0). Myeloma animals were further assigned to three unique groups: MPC-11 only; MPC-11 treated with hyaluronic acid (HA); and MPC-11 + IL-1ra/HA (100 mg/kg). Disease development was assessed at 14 and 21 days via spleen, liver, and proximal tibia histology; histomorphometry at the femoral middiaphysis; and long bone composition and mechanical testing. Histologic analysis revealed marked myeloma infiltration into organs and bone marrow and gross bone resorption of the proximal tibia. IL-1ra tended to decrease bone resorption at the proximal tibia; however, it had no effect on quantitatively measured bone parameters. Whole femur and tibia, and tibial epiphysis, percent mineralization was decreased (3.0%, 2.9%, and 6.3%, respectively) in all MPC-11 groups. The presence of myeloma did not affect long bone stiffness, strength, or length over the 3 week study. The percent of the femoral endosteal perimeter showing excessive resorption (∼60%) in the MPC-11 groups increased significantly after 21 days. MPC-11 cell presence caused no change in bone formation or morphology. Normal growth mechanisms were not impacted, as the bones lengthened and increased in size and mass despite the presence of myeloma. IL-1 does not appear to be a primary factor in in vivo bone destruction caused by the MPC-11 cell line. These findings reveal the stochastic nature of bone lesions in multiple myeloma and suggest that IL-1 is not a cytokine critical to this disease pathology.
Thermomechanics of Elastomers Undergoing Scission and Crosslinking at High Temperatures

The elastomeric materials used in tires are frequently subjected to severe thermal, chemical, and mechanical stress conditions. These conditions produce significant changes in material properties that affect their service life. The prediction of service life has become an increasingly important part of the engineering design process, and there is a need for a robust life-prediction model. There are many physical factors that affect the durability of an elastomeric material, such as deformation, conversion of mechanical energy to heat arising from dissipative effects, heat transfer within the component, and changes in material properties because of changes in microstructure. The goal of this work is the development of a thermomechanics model that incorporates these factors. This study focuses on the effect of high temperatures on an elastomeric component. There are two sources of temperature increase, a hot environment and internal heating attributed to mechanical loading such as occurs during cyclic loading. Internal mechanical heating can lead to substantial temperatures occurring within the component. When the temperature of the material becomes sufficiently high, macromolecules undergo time-dependent scission, recoil, and may crosslink to form new networks with new reference confgurations. This process can affect the stiffness of the material system, induce anisotropy, and lead to permanent set. A constitutive theory is presented that accounts for this temperature-dependent microstruc- tural change on the mechanical response. It is based on experimental results and is motivated by the two-network theory of Tobolsky. The theory is applicable for large deformation and varying temperature histories. An example is presented that illustrates the implications of scission and re-crosslinking.
A new method for calibrating the pulse-height defect in solid state detectors

Abstract The pulse-height defect (PHD) of a Si surface barrier detector (1000 ωcm resistivity) has been measured with a cyclotron for elements from Kr to Au between energies of 15 to 160 MeV, and for elements from Ne to Fe between 5 and 50 MeV. A simple power-law formula for relating the PHD to the total energy is described. A procedure for calibrating a Si detector for the PhD from measurements for several elements has been developed and tested. This procedure reproduces the data to within the experimental error (±0.5% of the total energy). Application of the measured and calculated PHD values to another detector of similar resistivity seems to be accurate to better than 10% of the PHD. Our PHD data are also compared to an existing PHD formalism.
EFFECT OF JUICE EXTRACTOR SETTINGS ON HAMLIN ORANGE JUICE CLOUD STABILITY

Three diflerent juice extractor settings were used to obtain juice from Hamlin oranges. Cloud in Sofi and Medium extracted juice had nearly identical A, values. The A, of the Hard extracted juice was greater than the others. At 30C A, for both the Sofi and Medium juice increased slightly over time while the Hard juice A, decreased. The cloud in all three raw juices showed a decrease in A, at 4C. Specific activity of pectinmethylesterase in the raw juices was very similar, but was higher in protein extracts from the Hard juice than from Medium or So$ juices. Addition of protein extracts from each juice, to reconstituted FCOJ, demonstrated that cloud loss in these treatments was dependent on extraction pressure. At 30C PME in the extract from the Sofi extracted juice destabilized the cloud most rapidly. Cloud loss also was dependent on the amount of PME activity added.
Application of Polarization of Fluorescence Technique to Protein Studies. III. The Interaction of κ-Casein and β-Lactoglobulin

Summary The interaction between κ -casein and β -lactoglobulin in phosphate buffer when held at 25 or 65C for 1 hr was demonstrated by the polarization of fluorescence technique. The average apparent molecular volume of fluorescent β -lactoglobulin in a mixture with nonfluorescent κ -casein underwent approximately a 42.5% and a 96% increase as a result of holding them in phosphate buffer for 1 hr at 25 and 65C, respectively. The mole fraction of fluorescent β -lactoglobulin in the complex form (X c ) was most highly dependent upon the ratio ( r ) of the weight of β -lactoglobulin to κ-casein ( β / κ ) in the region where ( r ) is 1.0 or less. Evidence was presented indicating that the interaction of β -lactoglobulin and κ-casein probably occurs in a manner that allows the β -lactoglobulin molecules to attach themselves at the κ -casein micelle-water interface to produce a complex whose properties are less temperature-dependent than those of pure κ -casein.
Real-World Empirical Studies on Multi-Channel Reliability and Spectrum Usage for Home-Area Sensor Networks

Home area networks (HANs) consisting of wireless sensors have emerged as the enabling technology for important applications such as smart energy. These applications impose unique network management constraints, requiring low data rates but high network reliability in the face of unpredictable wireless environments. This paper presents two in-depth empirical studies on wireless channels in real homes, providing key design guidelines for meeting the network management constraints of HAN applications. The spectrum study analyzes spectrum usage in the 2.4 GHz band where HANs based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard must coexist with existing wireless devices. We characterize the ambient wireless environment in six apartments through passive spectrum analysis across the entire 2.4 GHz band over seven days in each apartment. We find that the wireless conditions in these residential environments are much more complex and varied than in a typical office environment. Moreover, while 802.11 signals play a significant role in spectrum usage, there also exists non-negligible noise from non-802.11 devices. The multi-channel link study measures the reliability of different 802.15.4 channels through active probing with motes in ten apartments. We find that there is not always a persistently reliable channel over 24 hours, and that link reliability does not exhibit cyclic behavior at daily or weekly timescales. Nevertheless, reliability can be maintained through infrequent channel hopping, suggesting dynamic channel hopping as a key tool for meeting the network management requirements of HAN applications. Our empirical studies provide important guidelines and insights in designing HANs for residential environments.
Effect of Mucor alternans on the Persistence of DDT and Dieldrin in Culture and in Soil

Several fungi were isolated from an agricultural loam soil and tested for their capacity to degrade the insecticides DDT or dieldrin. It was found that Mucor alter nans van Tieghen in shake cultures partially degraded DDT within 2 to 4 days into 3 hexane-soluble and 2 water-soluble metabolites. None of these compounds had R1 valutes that were identical to those observed with DDD (TDE), DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene), DDA (bis-(p-chlorophenyl) acetic acid), DBP (4,4´-dichlorobenzophenone), dicofol, and 1,1-bis (p-chloropbenyl) ethane. After application of C14-DDT, 42% of the totally recovered radioactivity was represented by the 2 water-soluble metabolites. Some indication of dieldrin breakdown by the fungus was evident, but no metabolites could be isolated. Degradation of both DDT and dieldrin occurred only with live fungi mycelia, while the insecticides were passively absorbed to dead mycelial controls. After the addition of M. alternans spores to a DDT- or dieldrin-contaminated agricultural loam soil, the insecticide degrading capacity of the fungus was no longer evident. This result was rather disappointing since a need exists to be able to degrade persistent pesticides in nature with soil microorganisms. Since DDE was only found in nonautoclaved soils, its formation from DDT was a function of soil microorganisms.
Disparities between black and white patients with cancer pain: The effect of perception of control over pain

Context. Pain continues to be a problem in ambulatory patients with cancer. Disparities in minority patients with pain have been previously identified. Objective. To examine the effect of perception of control over pain on disparities in pain, symptom distress, and functional status in white and black patients with cancer. Design. Cross-sectional, descriptive. Setting. Outpatient clinic in a large urban cancer center. Patients. A total of 281 patients who reported having pain within the last month and were receiving treatment in the cancer center. Outcome Measures. Pain intensity, pain-related distress, functional status, perception of control over pain. Results. Black patients had significantly higher pain intensity, more pain-related distress, and reported more pain-related interference with function than white patients. Disparities in pain-related distress and functional status were significantly reduced and only disparities in pain intensity remained when perception of control over pain was held constant. Conclusions. Perception of control over pain is an important factor in understanding responses to pain. Increasing a patient's perception of control over pain may decrease disparities and increase functional status.
What Is the Use of Job Descriptions

The political and functional utility of job descriptions for delimiting and controlling the labor process, rather than detailing the work people do, obscures the structural causes of poor work conditions. This essay focuses attention on job descriptions as the basis for fair contracts and equitable work relations in the healthcare industry. To understand the work process, more attention must be given to the structural conditions in the workplace that legitimize unequal power relations through job descriptions.
A proposed reinterpretation and reclassification of aphasic syndromes

Background: Different classifications of aphasic disorders have been proposed over the years. During recent decades new approaches to aphasia study have been developed, suggesting that current aphasia classifications can and should be reconsidered. Aims: The purpose of this paper is to attempt to integrate contemporary knowledge about brain organisation of language and to propose a new aphasia classification. Main Contribution: It is emphasised that there are two fundamental forms of aphasia, which are linked to impairments in the lexical/semantic and grammatical systems of language (Wernicke‐type aphasia and Broca‐type aphasia, respectively). Grammar correlates with the ability to represent actions (verbs) and depends on what is known as Broca's area and its related brain circuits, but it is also related to the ability to quickly carry out the sequencing of articulatory movements required for speaking (speech praxis). Lexical/semantic and grammatical systems not only depend on different brain circuitries...
High incidence of halotolerant bacteria in Pacific hydrothermal-vent and pelagic environments.

The abundance of halotolerant microorganisms in hydrothermal-vent and pelagic waters in the North and South Pacific was estimated by the most probable number (MPN) technique using a heterotrophic 16% NaCl medium incubated at 20–24°C. Based on these MPNs and direct counts with epifluorescence microscopy to enumerate the total microbial population, salt-tolerant microbes comprised from 28% of the total microbial community. Fourteen isolates from these MPN enrichments were identified by sequencing a portion of the 16S rRNA gene, and all were found to belong to the genera Halomonas and Marinobacter. The response to salt of mesophilic hydrothermal-vent microbial isolates obtained without selecting for salt tolerance was also examined. Forty-one of 65 strains cultured from hydrothermal plume waters, low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, sulfide rock and an animal specimen at ∼2000–2200 m depth from the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge were subjected to increasing concentrations of NaCl, and over half grew at a NaCl concentration that is lethal to many commonly isolated marine bacteria. At least 36 of the 65 isolates (≥55%) grew in the enrichment medium supplemented with 10% NaCl; at least 30 of 65 (≥46%) grew with 16% NaCl; at least 20 of 65 (≥31%) tolerated 22% NaCl. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene in nine of these 65 isolates, four belonged to the genus Halomonas. These Halomonas strains tolerated 22–27% NaCl. It is possible that a majority of the other 16 isolates which grew with 22% NaCl are also Halomonas based on their degree of halotolerance, morphology, and apparent abundance as revealed by MPN enrichments. The four Halomonas strains obtained without selecting for halotolerance were further characterized physiologically and metabolically. Overall, they grew between −1°C and 40°C, were facultative aerobes, oxidized between 49 and 70 organic compounds according to Biolog plate substrate utilization matrices, grew with oligotrophic quantities of carbon (0.002% yeast extract) in liquid media, reduced nitrate to nitrite, and tolerated up to 0.05–3 mM Cd2+. Halomonas is one of the most abundant culturable organisms in the ocean, and its success may be attributed to its metabolic and physiological versatility.
The Effect of Feeding Two Sources of Boron on Broiler Breeder Performance

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of dietary boron supplementations of 0 and 250 ppm fed as either boric acid or sodium tetraborate (borax). In Experiment 1, 45 females were caged individually at 21 wk of age and fed the three experimental diets. Starting at the onset of egg production (27 wk of age), all females were inseminated twice weekly with .05 cc pooled undiluted semen. Eggs collected at 30, 31, and 32 wk of age were incubated. None of the treatments caused feed rejection. Mortality, age at 5% production, egg production, body weight, egg weight, egg specific gravity, shell weight, and fertility were not affected by the treatments. However, hatchability was reduced by feeding the boron diets. In Experiment 2, males were fed the same dietary treatments. Body weight, fertility, hatchability, and total sperm concentration were not affected. However, the percentage of damaged sperm cells was significantly increased in the groups fed boron.
Genetic Diversity of Two Common Freshwater Mussel Species, Lampsilis cardium and Quadrula pustulosa (Bivalvia: Unionidae), in a Large Federally Protected Waterway (St. Croix River, Minnesota/Wisconsin, U.S.A.)

Abstract: Freshwater mussels in the family Unionidae have suffered severe population declines because of severe anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat destruction and habitat alteration. Understanding the genetic diversity of healthy unionid populations is crucial to developing informed management plans for imperilled mussels. Here, we characterize the genetic diversity of two common species, Lampsilis cardium Rafinesque, 1820 and Quadrula pustulosa (I. Lea, 1831), using the mitochondrial gene ND1. Populations of Q. pustulosa contained more numerous and more highly divergent haplotypes than populations of L. cardium. This disparity in genetic diversity could be because of several factors, including differences in population size and location and extent of refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum. For both species, AMOVA analysis indicated no genetic structuring based on location within the river, with genetic diversity concentrated within rather than between populations. This finding is consistent wit...
Set descriptions of white noise and worst case induced norms

This paper provides a framework for analyzing white noise disturbances in linear systems. Rather than the usual stochastic approach, noise signals are described as elements in sets and the disturbance rejection properties of the system are described in a worst case setting. This type of modeling of noise and disturbances very much fits the philosophy of both the behavioral and robust control settings. The description is based on properties of finite records of signals, which may be verified directly on experimental data. Bounds of system gain for input signals in these sets are given, and their asymptotic behavior for long data records is analyzed. >
Intensive blood-pressure control in hypertensive chronic kidney disease.

Background In observational studies, the relationship between blood pressure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is direct and progressive. The burden of hypertension-related chronic kidney disease and ESRD is especially high among black patients. Yet few trials have tested whether intensive blood-pressure control retards the progression of chronic kidney disease among black patients. Methods We randomly assigned 1094 black patients with hypertensive chronic kidney disease to receive either intensive or standard blood-pressure control. After completing the trial phase, patients were invited to enroll in a cohort phase in which the blood-pressure target was less than 130/80 mm Hg. The primary clinical outcome in the cohort phase was the progression of chronic kidney disease, which was defined as a doubling of the serum creatinine level, a diagnosis of ESRD, or death. Follow-up ranged from 8.8 to 12.2 years. Results During the trial phase, the mean blood pressure was 130/78 mm Hg in the intensive-control gro...
Will the original glucose transporter isoform please stand up

Monosaccharides enter cells by slow translipid bilayer diffusion by rapid, protein-mediated, cation-dependent cotransport and by rapid, protein-mediated equilibrative transport. This review addresses protein-mediated, equilibrative glucose transport catalyzed by GLUT1, the first equilibrative glucose transporter to be identified, purified, and cloned. GLUT1 is a polytopic, membrane-spanning protein that is one of 13 members of the human equilibrative glucose transport protein family. We review GLUT1 catalytic and ligand-binding properties and interpret these behaviors in the context of several putative mechanisms for protein-mediated transport. We conclude that no single model satisfactorily explains GLUT1 behavior. We then review GLUT1 topology, subunit architecture, and oligomeric structure and examine a new model for sugar transport that combines structural and kinetic analyses to satisfactorily reproduce GLUT1 behavior in human erythrocytes. We next review GLUT1 cell biology and the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of GLUT1 expression in the context of development and in response to glucose perturbations and hypoxia in blood-tissue barriers. Emphasis is placed on transgenic GLUT1 overexpression and null mutant model systems, the latter serving as surrogates for the human GLUT1 deficiency syndrome. Finally, we review the role of GLUT1 in the absence or deficiency of a related isoform, GLUT3, toward establishing the physiological significance of coordination between these two isoforms.
3D sound memory in virtual environments

Virtual auditory environments (VAEs) are created by processing digital sounds such that they convey a 3D location to the listener. This technology has the potential to augment systems in which an operator tracks the positions of targets. Prior work has established that listeners can locate sounds in VAEs, however less is known concerning listener memory for virtual sounds. In this study, three experimental tasks assessed listener recall of sound positions and identities, using free and cued recall, with one or more delays. Overall, accuracy degrades as listeners recall the environment, however when using free recall, listeners exhibited less degradation.
Maximizing the Benefits of Off-Target Kinase Inhibitor Activity

Investigators report the identification of novel mutant-specific inhibition of EGF receptor (EGFR) T790M by bis-indole-based inhibitors of protein kinase C using a small-molecule cancer cell line-based screening platform. This study shows the power of high-throughput drug screening in cancer cell lines and provides new lead scaffolds for optimization against resistant EGFR mutants in lung cancer.
Support vector machine for data on manifolds: An application to image analysis

The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a powerful tool for classification. We generalize SVM to work with data objects that are naturally understood to be lying on curved manifolds, and not in the usual d-dimensional Euclidean space. Such data arise from medial representations (m-reps) in medical images, Diffusion Tensor-MRI (DT-MRI), diffeomorphisms, etc. Considering such data objects to be embedded in higher dimensional Euclidean space results in invalid projections (on the separating direction) while Kernel Embedding does not provide a natural separating direction. We use geodesic distances, defined on the manifold to formulate our methodology. This approach addresses the important issue of analyzing the change that accompanies the difference between groups by implicitly defining the notions of separating surface and separating direction on the manifold. The methods are applied in shape analysis with target data being m-reps of 3 dimensional medical images.
Silanes in organic syuthesis. 11. Regiocontrolled synthesis of α-hydroxymethylated (trimethylsilyl)allenes☆

Abstract The organometallic produced by reaction of trimethylsilylpropargyl bromide with aluminum amalgam in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran condenses readily with aldehydes and ketones to give allenic alcohols resulting from coupling α to the trimethylsilyl substituent.
LCSH is to thesaurus as doorbell is to mammal: visualizing structural problems in the Library of Congress subject headings

The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) has been developed over the course of more than a century, predating the semantic web by some time. Until the 1986, the only concept-to-concept relationship available was an undifferentiated "See Also" reference, which was used for both associative (RT) and hierarchical (BT/NT) connections. In that year, in preparation for the first release of the headings in machine readable MARC Authorities form, an attempt was made to automatically convert these "See Also" links into the standardized thesaural relations.
Street CORNERS: Real-Time Contextual Representation of Sensor Network Data for Environmental Trend Identification

Sensor networks have been deployed for a range of rural and environmental applications. Well-regarded for the volume and range of data which can be obtained, wireless sensor network applications capable of using the data gathered have not been fully realized, particularly in urban settings. Street CORNERS is a wireless sensor network application which supports the contextual presentation of data gathered from an urban setting. The Street CORNERS application offers real-time data display, and provides support for predictive algorithms suitable for anticipating, detecting, and defending urban communities, among others, from environmental threats such as declining air quality and urban flash floods. Street CORNERS is presented in two parts. The network design and deployment is outlined, followed by a discussion of the design of the network application, which is involved in data pre-processing and the contextual presentation of the data gathered for trend identification.
Simulation model for moving food packages in microwave heating processes using conformal FDTD method

Abstract A numeric model was developed to couple electromagnetic (EM) and thermal field calculations in packaged foods moving in pressurized 915 MHz microwave (MW) cavities with circulating water at above 120 °C. This model employed a commercial EM package with a customized heat transfer sub-model to solve EM field and thermal field equations. Both methods applied finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. An interface was built to facilitate the communication between electromagnetic and thermal models to incorporate the coupling feature which is unique to microwave heating process. Special numerical strategies were implemented to simulate the movement of food packages. The simulation model was validated with a pilot-scale microwave system using direct temperature measurement data and indirect color patterns in whey protein gels via formation of the thermally induced chemical marker M-2. Good agreements were observed. Four cases were studied to investigate the influence of power input and package gaps on heating uniformity. These applications demonstrated the flexibility of the model to allow its usage for system and process optimization.
The psychology of group decision making in collection development

Significant collection development decisions are increasingly made in a group context. Despite this trend, surprisingly little research can be found in the library literature that addresses the psychological and psychosocial aspects of group interaction and their relation to the decision making process. In contrast, the field of psychology contains numerous studies of the role of group interaction in the decision making process. This article examines the psychological research on group decision making and explores how group psychology influences decision making and what the implications might be for collection development.
The story of Maricela and Miguel: a narrative analysis of dimensions of adaptation.

OBJECTIVES A mother-child life history was analyzed to examine the multiple dimensions of adaptation in a family grouping, including temporality, maternal values, and life contexts. METHOD In-depth interviews, participant observation, and documents (e.g., therapy notes, medical records) produced the data for this study. A multiple step narrative analysis included narrative shaping, analysis of major life turnings, and macrostructural analysis of the progress toward life goals. RESULTS This mother-child life history portrays the challenging life events of a Mexican-origin mother, Maricela, seeking care and assistance to further the development of her son with disabilities, Miguel. Major turnings in her life had both costs and benefits for her in the present and future. Analysis of her multiple roles of mother, professional, daughter, lover-wife, and spiritual devotee revealed that Maricela's life choices, driven by maternal values, diminished the achievement of her personal goals, except those related to her maternal and spiritual roles. Maricela chose actions to realign current and future happenings with her desired life trajectory for her son, which instead of enhancing life conditions for the family often involved short-term and long-term costs. CONCLUSIONS This mother-child life history demonstrates that a series of moral, relational, and circumstantial factors influence a mother's projected life courses for herself and her child. Adaptation appears to be a dynamic process of realigning life paths to desired life courses, with success evaluated not in a microcosm of time, but from a larger view as these actions contribute to the achievement of desired life goals within a constellation of the person's life goals.
Simulation of Flow past an Open-Channel Floor Slot

In the past, solutions to the problem of flow past a floor slot in a rectangular open channel used to divert flow from one stream to another were obtained mainly on the basis of model tests or through the development of simplified theoretical expressions. In the present study, the free-surface turbulence model is applied to obtain the flow parameters such as pressure head distribution, velocity distribution, and water surface profile. The predictions of the proposed numerical model are validated using previous experimental data. In particular, the model predictions agree well with the test data related to flow parameters. The study indicates that the free-surface turbulence model developed is an efficient and useful tool for predicting characteristics of free surface flows such as flow past a floor slot. For flow past an open-channel floor slot, a model that is properly validated can be used to predict the flow characteristics under various flow configurations encountered in the field, without resorting to expensive experimental procedures.
G protein coupled receptors as allosteric proteins and the role of allosteric modulators.

Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) are proteins that convey signals through changes in conformation. These conformations are stabilized by external molecules (i.e. agonists, antagonists, modulators) and act upon other bodies (termed ‘guests’) which can be other molecules in the extracellular space, or proteins along the plane of the membrane (receptor oligomerization) or signaling proteins in the cytosol (i.e. G protein, β-arrestin). These elements comprise allosteric systems and a great deal of 7TMR pharmacology can be considered in terms of allosteric behavior. Allosteric ligands acting on 7TMRs possess four unique behaviors that can be valuable therapeutically; () the ability to alter the interaction of very large proteins, () probe dependence, () saturable effect, and () induction of separate changes in affinity and efficacy of other ligands. Two of these behaviors (namely probe dependence for CCR5-based HIV-1 entry inhibitors and functional selectivity for biased agonism) will be highlighted with ...
Cache Calculus: Modeling Caches through Differential Equations

Caches are critical to performance, yet their behavior is hard to understand and model. In particular, prior work does not provide closed-form solutions of cache performance, i.e., simple expressions for the miss rate of a specific access pattern. Existing cache models instead use numerical methods that, unlike closed-form solutions, are computationally expensive and yield limited insight. We present cache calculus , a technique that models cache behavior as a system of ordinary differential equations, letting standard calculus techniques find simple and accurate solutions of cache performance for common access patterns.
Anomalous papillary muscle insertion in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Half of the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have left ventricular outflow (LVOT) obstruction as a result of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. A 51-year-old man with HCM presented with exertional dyspnoea and syncope refractory to medical therapy found to have an LVOT gradient of 27 mmHg at …
A Diabetes-Atrial Fibrillation Conundrum: Does Duration Trump Glycemia?

The disease and cost burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) is expected to double over the next 25 years [(1)][1]. With availability of newer therapies, efforts to refine the triage of who receives therapies, when, and for how long have assumed center stage. Over the last few years, a host of new
Crop Modeling Approaches for Predicting Phenotype of Grain Legumes with Linkage to Genetic Information

In this chapter we introduce concepts on how mechanistic crop simulation models can be linked with genetic information to predict phenotype in different environments. There has been rapid advancement of genotyping along with continued improvement of mechanistic simulation models that predict dynamic daily (or faster) growth processes of crops in response to varying weather, soils, and management conditions. Crop models have genotype-specific-parameters (GSPs) that describe performance of different cultivars; nevertheless, those GSPs are empirical mathematical parameters that are estimated directly from field phenotyping data. There is great opportunity to link the modeled GSPs with genes (or QTLs) obtained from genotyping, so that phenotypic performance can be directly predicted from genotype. The largest challenge is the phenotyping needed to characterize the phenotypes that result from gene expression in different environments. Examples are given of phenotyping in a recombinant common bean study. Additional mechanisms and different GSPs may be needed in the crop models to achieve this goal. Since crop models are already programmed to account for weather, soils, and management effects, they are efficient tools in which hypothetical alleles of genes can be evaluated for multiple environments. Model simulations illustrate examples of genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions, where a given allele (gene) for a trait may have either positive or negative effects on yield, depending on weather and management conditions. Examples of linkage of GSPs to genes are given for common bean, along with phenotypic outcomes of growth patterns observed to be very responsive to presence or absence of alleles of genes.
Modeling and verification techniques for ad hoc network protocols

Ad hoc networks are widely used for unmanaged and decentralized operations. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks are examples of ad hoc networks used for supporting self-configured and non-monitored services such as network routing and surveillance. We developed the ω-calculus, a process-algebraic framework for formally modeling and reasoning about ad hoc networks and their protocols. The ω-calculus naturally captures essential characteristics of MANETs, including the ability of a MANET node to broadcast a message to any other node within its physical transmission range (and no others), and to move in and out of the transmission range of other nodes in the network. A key feature of the ω-calculus is the separation of a node's communication and computational behavior, described by an ω-process, from the description of its physical transmission range, referred to as an ω-process interface. The ω-calculus uses the notion of groups to model local broadcast-based communication, and separates the description of the actions of a protocol (called processes) from that of the network topology (specified by sets of groups, called interfaces of processes). As a result, the problems of verifying reachability properties and bisimilarity are decidable for a large class of omega calculus specifications (even in the presence of arbitrary node movement). Ad hoc network protocols pose a unique verification problem called instance explosion because an AHN, with a fixed number of nodes, can assume exponential number of topologies. We have developed an automata-theoretic framework, based on key features of the omega-calculus, for the verification of ad hoc network protocols over unknown network topologies. Instance explosion is mitigated by using constraints to represent sets of topologies. A corresponding symbolic verification algorithm can efficiently infer the set of topologies for which an AHN protocol possesses a given correctness property. We have also developed a partial model checker for parameterized systems of omega-calculus nodes. For a node M in an n-node system and a given formula p, the partial model checker treats M as a property transformer, inferring the formula Π( M)(p) that must hold in the (n-1)-node system with M removed. Our technique is such that n may be infinite, thereby supporting the verification of infinite families of processes.
A CASE REPORT OF DIVERTICULITIS OF THE SIGMOID COLON WITH OBSTRUCTION BY A MUCOSAL TAG

症例は58歳,男性.下腹部痛を主訴に来院した.腹部単純X線にて,鏡面形成を伴う拡張した大腸ガス像を認めた.腹部CT検査でS状結腸に腫瘤を認め,注腸検査ではS状結腸より口側は描出されなかった. S状結腸癌による腸閉塞を疑い,腸管の減圧を試みたが成功せず,同日緊急手術を施行した. S状結腸に周囲組織と固着する腫瘤を認め, S状結腸癌と診断し, S状結腸切除術を行った.摘出標本では,腸管壁の肥厚による狭窄部に,細長く伸びた有茎性ポリープが嵌入し内腔を閉塞していたが,腫瘍性病変は認めなかった.病理組織にて,分類不能大腸ポリープのmucosal tagにより腸閉塞を生じた, S状結腸憩室炎と診断した.閉塞をきたす大腸疾患の場合,憩室の存在が確認出来れば, mucosal tagなどの分類不能大腸ポリープの存在も念頭に置いて鑑別診断する必要があると考えられた.
VDAC2-specific cellular functions and the underlying structure

Voltage Dependent Anion-selective Channel 2 (VDAC2) contributes to oxidative metabolism by sharing a role in solute transport across the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) with other isoforms of the VDAC family, VDAC1 and VDAC3. Recent studies revealed that VDAC2 also has a distinctive role in mediating sarcoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria local Ca(2+) transport at least in cardiomyocytes, which is unlikely to be explained simply by the expression level of VDAC2. Furthermore, a strictly isoform-dependent VDAC2 function was revealed in the mitochondrial import and OMM-permeabilizing function of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, primarily Bak in many cell types. In addition, emerging evidence indicates a variety of other isoform-specific engagements for VDAC2. Since VDAC isoforms display 75% sequence similarity, the distinctive structure underlying VDAC2-specific functions is an intriguing problem. In this paper we summarize studies of VDAC2 structure and functions, which suggest a fundamental and exclusive role for VDAC2 in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Channels edited by Pierre Sonveaux, Pierre Maechler and Jean-Claude Martinou.
Vaskularisierte Unterkiefertransplantation bei Hunden — Langzeitergebnisse unter FK-506 Immunsuppression

Die Rekonstruktion ausgedehnter kraniofazialer Malformationen und Gewebedefekte traumatischen oder tumorosen Ursprungs stellt eine grose chirurgische Herausforderung dar. Trotz einer Vielfalt operativer Moglichkeiten und der Tatsache, das freie Gewebeubertragung heute als Standardverfahren zur Defektdeckung angesehen werden kann, sind nicht alle asthetischen und funktioneilen Probleme gelost. Selbst derzeit als optimal angesehene Resultate divergieren von dem naturlichen Aussehen und erreichen selten das funktioneile Ergebnis des nativen Gewebes. Allogene Gewebetransplantate (CTA’s: composite tissue allografts) konnen hingegen masgeschneiderte Module aus Knochen- und Weichteilgewebe fur komplexe maxillofaziale Rekonstruktionen darstellen. Diese Gewebeblocke bestehen aus verschiedenen Einzelkomponenten wie Haut, Muskel, Knochen, Nerven und Blutgefase. Die Zielsetzung dieser Studie ist es, ein experimentelles Modell fur kraniofaziale Allotransplantation bei Hunden zu entwickeln, mit dem CTA’s getestet werden konnen. Langzeitergebnisse einer Studie mit vaskularisierten segmentalen Unterkiefertransplantationen unter konventioneller Immunsuppression mit FK-506 werden demonstriert.
VisFlow - Web-based Visualization Framework for Tabular Data with a Subset Flow Model

Data flow systems allow the user to design a flow diagram that specifies the relations between system components which process, filter or visually present the data. Visualization systems may benefit from user-defined data flows as an analysis typically consists of rendering multiple plots on demand and performing different types of interactive queries across coordinated views. In this paper, we propose VisFlow, a web-based visualization framework for tabular data that employs a specific type of data flow model called the subset flow model. VisFlow focuses on interactive queries within the data flow, overcoming the limitation of interactivity from past computational data flow systems. In particular, VisFlow applies embedded visualizations and supports interactive selections, brushing and linking within a visualization-oriented data flow. The model requires all data transmitted by the flow to be a data item subset (i.e. groups of table rows) of some original input table, so that rendering properties can be assigned to the subset unambiguously for tracking and comparison. VisFlow features the analysis flexibility of a flow diagram, and at the same time reduces the diagram complexity and improves usability. We demonstrate the capability of VisFlow on two case studies with domain experts on real-world datasets showing that VisFlow is capable of accomplishing a considerable set of visualization and analysis tasks. The VisFlow system is available as open source on GitHub.
Autoepitaxial Nucleation in Ionic Crystals

Two factors are essential in all methods of crystal growth: nucleation and growth rate. The nucleation comprehends the initial stage until a nucleus reaches the critical size, while the growth rate is related to the formation of regular crystal form. Both factors depend on many variables which are not yet well established and seldom under proper control; therefore most synthetic crystals are of relatively poor quality.
Set-oriented logical connectives: syntax and semantics

Of the common commutative binary logical connectives, only and and or may be used as operators that take arbitrary numbers of arguments with order and multiplicity being irrelevant, that is, as connectives that take sets of arguments. This is especially evident in the Common Logic Interchange Format, in which it is easy for operators to be given arbitrary numbers of arguments. The reason is that and and or are associative and idempotent, as well as commutative. We extend the ability of taking sets of arguments to the other common commutative connectives by defining generalized versions of nand, nor, xor, and iff, as well as the additional, parameterized connectives andor and thresh. We prove that andor is expressively complete—all the other connectives may be considered abbreviations of it.
CHIMURENGA RENAISSANCE: DOUBLE DOUBLENESS IN THE DIASPORIC MUSIC OF TENDAI MARAIRE

Over the past decade, emerging Seattle-based artist Tendai Maraire, the American-born son of Zimbabwean teacher, performer, and ethnomusicologist, Dumisani Maraire, has crafted a unique musical position by marshaling multiple diasporic strands in his music. These include both the centuries-old African-American diaspora that took shape through the â€œBlack Atlantic,â€ as well as an emerging diaspora that is specifically Zimbabwean in nature. In this article, it is argued that the layering of these distinct diasporic histories has fostered a type of â€œdoubled doublenessâ€ in Tendai Maraireâ€™s music, extending DuBoisâ€™ original conception of â€œdouble consciousnessâ€ to encompass multiple sites of identity location: the American superculture, the Shona culture of his parents, the old African diaspora, and the new Zimbabwean diaspora. It is further argued that Maraire has articulated this â€œdoubled doublenessâ€ musically through his relationships to musical styles associated with both old and new African diasporas, most notably North American hip-hop and Zimbabwean chimurenga, a genre that has historically functioned as a form of resistance to colonial rule.