cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Scale Viscoelastic Cohesive Layer Model for Predicting Delamination in HTPMC

In this paper, a novel numerical-experimental methodology is outlined to predict delamination in pristine as well as isothermally aged (in air) polymer matrix composites. A rate-dependent viscoelastic cohesive layer model was implemented in an in-house test-bed finite element analysis (FEA) code to simulate the delamination initiation and propagation in unidirectional polymer composites before and after aging. This unified model is fully rate-dependent and does not require a pre-assigned traction-separation law. The actual shape of traction separation law depends on: (a) the strain rate via the viscoelastic constitutive relationship, (b) the degree of thermo-oxidative aging via the changes in the experimentally measured creep compliance due to oxidation, and (c) the evolution of the internal state variable defining the state of damage. To determine the model parameters, double cantilever beam (DCB) experiments were conducted on both pristine and isothermally aged IM-7/bismaleimide (BMI) composite specimens. The J-Integral approach was adapted to extract cohesive stresses near the crack tip. A principal-stretch dependent internal damage state variable defines the damage in the cohesive layer. Within the cohesive layer, pristine and cohesive stresses were compared to estimate the damage parameters. Once the damage parameters had been characterized, the test-bed FEA code employed a micromechanics based viscoelastic cohesive layer model to simulate interlaminar delamination. From a numerical stability standpoint, the viscous regularization effect of the viscoelastic constitutive equations in the cohesive layer helps mitigate numerical instabilities caused by elastic energy released due to crack growth, thereby enabling the FEA model to simulate the load-deflection response of the composite structure well beyond peak load. The present cohesive-layer based FEA model was able to accurately predict not only the macro level load-displacement curve, but also the micro level crack growth history in IM-7/BMI laminate before and after thermal aging, using only three parameters.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Galileo Photometry of Asteroid 243 Ida

Galileo imaging observations over phase angles 19.5° to 109.8° are combined with near-opposition Earth-based data to derive the photometric properties of Ida. To first order these properties are uniform over the surface and well modeled at λ = 0.55 μm by Hapke parameters ω0= 0.22,h= 0.020,B0= 1.5,g= −0.33, and θ = 18° with corresponding geometric albedop= 0.21±0.030.01and Bond albedoAB= 0.081±0.0170.008. Ida's photometric properties are more similar to those of “average S-asteroids” (P. Helfenstein and J. Veverka 1989,Asteroids II, Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson) than are those of 951 Gaspra. Two primary color units are identified on Ida: Terrain A exhibits a spectrum with relatively shallower 1-μm absorption and a relatively steeper red spectral slope than average Ida, while Terrain B has a deeper 1-μm absorption and a less steep red slope. The average photometric properties of Ida and Terrain A are similar while those of Terrain B differ mostly in having a slightly higher value of ω0(0.22 versus 0.21), suggesting that Terrain B consists of slightly brighter, more transparent regolith particles. Galileo observations of Ida's satellite Dactyl over phase angles 19.5° to 47.6° suggest photometric characteristics similar to those of Ida, the major difference being Dactyl's slightly lower albedo (0.20 compared to 0.21).
The Social and Reproductive Behavior of Tupaia Montana in Captivity

Social and reproductive behavior were studied in a group of 12 mountain tree shrews (Tupaia montana baluensis). Animals were housed as a social group in a large cage from May 1965 to May 1966. Observations through one-way glass windows were made each day. Basic variables of social behavior were recorded. Mountain tree shrews were very social. Certain animals expressed a linear dominance hierarchy although the males ranked number one and two often were co-dominant. Females of T. montana exhibited a 9- to 12-day estrous cycle, a 23- to 29-day pseudopregnancy cycle, and a 49- to 51-day gestation period. There was no evidence of a reproductive season. Female mountain tree shrews had fewer pseudopregnancies and more births per individual than did individuals of other species studied in captivity. Also, individuals of T. montana were more social than members of other species we studied. Such data point out species specificity and imply that T. montana is better adapted to captivity than are other species thus far studied.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 117

Abstract Nuclear structure data available through June 1978 are compiled and evaluated. Adopted level and decay properties are given. The bulk of the data is presented pictorially for easy comparison. Experimental details, references, and additional comments, where required, are given in the text. All drawings, tables, and comments are reproduced from the evaluated nuclear structure data file (ENSDF). Any additions or corrections desired by the users should be addressed to the evaluators for maintenance and updating of the data fille.
Heat transfer from two‐phase boundary layers on isothermal cylinder: Influence of drop trajectory

The influence of drop trajectories on boundary layer structure and heat transfer coefficient is determined for a binary spray flow over the upstream surface of an isothermal cylinder. Governing equations are solved for drop trajectories upstream of the cylinder, the laminar liquid boundary layer adjacent to the cylinder surface, and the outer laminar vapor boundary layer. Velocity, temperature, and mass concentration profiles throughout the double boundary layers are shown to depend on flow parameters involving drop size and velocity. The critical conditions for which the liquid film dries out are identified for a range of drop size and velocity, defining the transition from the liquid film to the dry wall flow regime. Theoretical results for heat transfer are shown to correlate existing experimental data.
Evidence that the Fosfomycin-Producing Epoxidase, HppE, Is a Non–Heme-Iron Peroxidase

The iron-dependent epoxidase HppE converts (S)-2-hydroxypropyl-1-phosphonate (S-HPP) to the antibiotic fosfomycin [(1R,2S)-epoxypropylphosphonate] in an unusual 1,3-dehydrogenation of a secondary alcohol to an epoxide. HppE has been classified as an oxidase, with proposed mechanisms differing primarily in the identity of the O2-derived iron complex that abstracts hydrogen (H•) from C1 of S-HPP to initiate epoxide ring closure. We show here that the preferred cosubstrate is actually H2O2 and that HppE therefore almost certainly uses an iron(IV)-oxo complex as the H• abstractor. Reaction with H2O2 is accelerated by bound substrate and produces fosfomycin catalytically with a stoichiometry of unity. The ability of catalase to suppress the HppE activity previously attributed to its direct utilization of O2 implies that reduction of O2 and utilization of the resultant H2O2 were actually operant.
Have your students climbing the walls. The growth of indoor climbing.

(1999). Have Your Students Climbing the Walls: The Growth of Indoor Climbing. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 70, No. 9, pp. 32-39.
Carbonate assignment and calibration in the Raman spectrum of apatite.

A series of apatites with varying carbonate levels was prepared in order to assign the carbonate bands and calibrate for Raman analysis of natural materials. Overlap of carbonate bands with phosphate peaks was resolved by curve fitting. A peak at 1,071 cm−1 was assigned to a combination of the carbonate ν1 mode at 1,070 cm−1 with a phosphate ν3 mode at 1,076 cm−1. In addition, the carbonate ν4 mode was identified in apatite samples with >4% carbonate. The carbonate ν4 bands at 715 and 689 cm−1 identify the samples as B-type carbonated apatite. The carbonate content of apatite was calibrated to a carbonate Raman band, and the method was used to determine the carbonate content of a sample of bovine cortical bone, 7.7 ± 0.4%.
The Maintenance of International Peace and Security

It is a truism that the text of the Charter gives a quite misleading picture of the United Nations as it is today. In no respect is this more true than in the working of the Organization in the maintenance of international peace and security. Those provisions of the Charter which were claimed by its authors to provide the new Organization with teeth that the League of Nations did not have either have never been used or have in practice been of little importance. New emphases and new methods have been developed through the liberal interpretation of Charter provisions. These have not always been equally acceptable to all Members, however. The process of adaptation and development continues, with great present uncertainty as to what the future has in store.
Experimental measurement of temperature profiles of molten flowing polymers in a heat exchanger

Molten polymer was pumped through an isothermal-wall heat exchanger and the temperature at four radial positions was measured with a hypodermic thermocouple. Temperature profiles were obtained for heating, cooling, and isothermal flow of polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene at Graetz numbers from 1.7 to 9.2. The results show large viscous heating effects, particularly for cooling.
The Importance of QT/QTc Prolongation: A Case Study

Many experts consider prolongation of the QT/QTc interval on an electrocardiogram to be a potential clinical biomarker for serious or even life-threatening adverse cardiac events. Awareness of drug-induced QT/QTc prolongation has increased over the last 10 to 15 years.
It takes a garden: Cultivating citizen-subjects in organized garden projects

Abstract Since the 1980’s organized garden projects have proliferated in a institutional settings associated with the “roll-out” neoliberal state and the sad consequences of neoliberalism more generally: jails, schools, hospitals and other clinical settings for “at-risk” populations. This article advances the concept “organized garden project” over the richly connotative, but inchoate term “community garden,” and links the long episodic history of garden projects with changing discourses about the supposedly transformative power of gardening practice for individual and social transformation. The article highlights two organized garden projects within the San Francisco Bay area, a chief locus in the movement to using organized garden projects to produce new individual and collective subjectivities. The case studies assess, from the typically unambiguous standpoint of the garden organizers, the nature of the subjectivity that gardening practice is supposed to produce, the need for such alternative subjectivity and the “difference” such alternatives are believed to make for the individual and in the wider social, political and economic milieu.
Changes in flavor precursors, pungency, and sugar content in short-day onion bulbs during 5-month storage at various temperatures or in controlled atmosphere.

Abstract Short-day onion bulbs (cv. TG 1015Y) were stored in 1% O(2,) 99% N(2) air at 5 °C (controlled atmosphere [CA]), or in ambient air at 5, 24, or 30 °C, for 5 mo. Changes in flavor precursors, pungency, and sugar content were investigated. After 5 mo of storage, 1-propenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide concentrations increased continuously at 5 °C, gradually decreased in CA, slightly increased for 3 mo, and returned to initial levels at 24 °C and decreased below initial levels at 34 °C. Methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide concentrations remained unchanged in all storage conditions. Onion pungency levels significantly increased at 5 °C, and decreased at 30 °C. Storage in CA and at 24 °C resulted in some fluctuations in pungency but the levels remained similar to initial levels. The calculated pyruvic acid concentrations were approximately 1.0 μmole/mL higher than the measured concentrations, and showed an increase at 5 °C and a slight reduction at 30 °C, consistent with the pungency results. Storage at 5 °C and in CA resulted in slight increases in fructose and glucose concentrations for 3 to 4 mo with subsequent rapid decreases, while sucrose concentrations remained unchanged. However, at 24 and 30 °C, fructose and glucose concentrations continuously decreased, accompanied by a continuous increase in sucrose concentrations. Storage in CA maintained the quality of onions best, as evidenced by the smallest changes in flavor precursors, pungency, and sugar concentrations, while storage at 5 °C resulted in increased pungency. Storage at 24 and 30 °C was tested for the purpose of comparison only; these temperatures are not recommended for commercial storage.
Draft Genome Sequence of Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis NCIB 8687 (CCUG 2071)

Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis NCIB 8687, the betaproteobacterium from which arsenite oxidase had its structure solved and the first “arsenate gene island” identified, provided a draft genome of 3.9 Mb in 186 contigs (with the largest 15 comprising 90% of the total) for this opportunistic pathogen species.
Flux synthesis of new multinary bismuth chalcogenides and their thermoelectric properties

We present the synthesis and structure of the new chalcogenide compounds, Rb0.5 Bi1.83 Te3, APb2 Bi3 Te7 (A = Cs, Rb), K1.25 Pb3.50 Bi7.25 Se15 and A1+x Pb4−2x Sb7+x Se15 (A = K, Rb). The layered structures of the first two telluride compounds are related to each other in a very interesting fashion. These compounds are n-type metallic conductors and solid solutions with Se and Sb have also been synthesized. K1.25 Pb3.50 Bi7.25 Se15 and its Sb analogs have a complex three-dimensional structure composed of NaCl- and Bi2 Te3 -type building units. The thermal stability, melting behavior, electrical conductivity and thermopower of these compounds are reported.
Glucose-induced intestinal vasodilation via adenosine A1 receptors requires nitric oxide but not K(+)(ATP) channels.

Background Both nitric oxide (NO) and adenosine A1 receptor activation mediate microvascular vasodilation during intestinal glucose absorption. Our overall hypothesis is that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) utilization during glucose absorption would increase adenosine metabolite release, which acts on adenosine A1 receptors to alter endothelial production of NO and/or activate ATP-dependent potassium channels (K + ATP ) to dilate intestinal microvessels. Methods Intravital videomicroscopy of the rat jejunum was used to record the vascular responses of inflow (termed 1A) arterioles, proximal (p3A), and distal (d3A) premucosal arterioles during exposure to isotonic glucose or mannitol solutions alone or in the presence of the selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NMMA), an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX)), or a K + ATP channel inhibitor (glibenclamide). Results As expected, glucose exposure caused rapid dilation of both p3A and d3A arterioles, while mannitol exposure had no effect on microvascular diameters. Adenosine A1 receptor blockade completely prevented glucose-induced dilation of the premucosal arterioles. NOS inhibition significantly blunted the glucose-induced vasodilation of the premucosal arterioles, but had little effect in the mannitol group. Simultaneous application of both the NOS inhibitor and the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist gave the same reduction in glucose-induced dilation of the premucosal arterioles as the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist alone. Blockade of K + ATP channels with glibenclamide did not attenuate glucose-induced vasodilation of the premucosal arterioles. Conclusion These data suggest that glucose-induced vasodilation of premucosal jejunal arterioles is mediated through adenosine A1 receptors, and NO at least partially mediates the adenosine A1 receptor-induced vasodilation. In addition, K + ATP channels are not involved in premucosal arteriolar vasodilation during intestinal glucose exposure.
A MODEL FOR THE SHAPE OF THE FOURIER AMPLITUDE SPECTRUM OF ACCELERATION AT HIGH FREQUENCIES

At high frequencies f the spectrum of S-wave accelerations is characterized by a trend of exponential decay, e^(−πkf). In our study, the spectral decay parameter k shows little variation at a single station for multiple earthquakes at the same distances, but it increases gradually as the epicentral distance increases. For multiple recordings of the San Fernando earthquake, k increases slowly with distance, and k is systematically smaller for sites on rock than for sites on alluvium. Under the assumption that the Fourier spectrum of acceleration at the source is constant above the corner frequency (an ω^(−2) source model), the exponential decay is consistent with an attenuation model in which Q increases rapidly with depth in the shallow crustal layers.
The importance of habitat features in low-relief continental shelf environments

Abstract Benthic habitats can be loosely divided into low and high relief based upon gross bottom topography. While fish community studies in high relief environments such as coral reefs have been extensively studied using in situ visual analysis, most studies of low relief environments have utilized trawl-based methodologies. Such studies while valuable, are unable to detect small-scale variations in habitat availability and faunal responses to that variation. This paper presents the availability of other techniques, ranging from visual surveys to sonar and bathymetric analysis, which allow researchers to address questions of habitat utilization in low relief environments.
Seismicity and Velocity Structure of Loihi Seamount from the 1996 Earthquake Swarm

The largest earthquake swarm yet recorded on Loihi submarine volcano took place in July and August of 1996. The swarm consisted of two phases of seismic activity and was associated with the formation of a pit crater and additional faulting of Loihi's summit platform. The first phase of activity was comprised of predomi- nantly high-frequency events scattered over the southern flanks of the volcano. Fol- lowing a day of seismic quiescence, the second phase of activity began, consisting of lower-frequency earthquakes with strong T-phases. The phase 2 events took place beneath Loihi's summit, presumably marking the formation of the pit crater, Pele's Pit. Data obtained by an ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) on Loihi during the swarm help constrain a new velocity model for Loihi. The relocated earthquakes, combined with other characteristics of the swarm, enabled us to develop a model for the events leading up to the formation of Pele's Pit that includes (1) a prolonged eruption, (2) a tectonic event beneath Loihi's south flank, and (3) the drainage of a shallow magma chamber.
A procedural interface to test

This paper discusses practical issues in the generation of test data. Implementation requirements are derived from these issues, and a procedural test interface is described. A language to support that interface is presented, as well as methodologies to constrain an instance of the language to a particular tester.
STUDIES ON THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA OF ALFALFA VIII. PARASITOID–HOST RECORDS

Parasitoid-host records were gathered during a study of the arthropod fauna of alfalfa Medicago sativa L., at Ithaca, N.Y., during 1966-71, Dates and number of rearings are given for 46 parasitic taxa. Nine new parasitoid-host relationships are reported.
Decimation filter compiler for oversampling A/D applications

A silicon compiler (DECGEN) which generates a decimation filter for oversampling A/D converters is described. It generates a multistage filter consisting of two stages of sinc filter and an equiripple bandshaping FIR filter. A heuristic procedure is derived for dividing the decimation ratio between the two stages of sinc filter in an optimum fashion. Digit serialization and hardware multiplexing are used for the target architecture in order to reduce silicon area. >
Adaptive pre-processing of photoplethysmographic blood volume pulse measurements

Two adaptive transversal filters were designed as an alternative way to filter both the impact of motion artifact in the measurement of photoplethysmographic blood volume pulse (BVP) in an exercising subject and the respiratory trend appearing at the low frequency end of the BVP spectrum. The rationale for the design is presented and results obtained on signals recorded from an experimental setup are shown.
Increasing the likelihood of large-scale grid-enabled vehicle (GEV) penetration through appropriate design choices

The likelihood of widespread GEV adoption will be determined by pending vehicle, business model and policy design choices. Most designs to date have not made large-scale adoption a central design goal. We review the impacts of maximum charging rate, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-building (V2B) capabilities, and the charging business model on consumer acceptance and on the electric distribution, electric power, and overall energy systems. The analysis suggests that poor design choices can lead to significant increased cost and decreased consumer adoption. Competing technologies, such as high efficiency internal combustion engines (ICEs) and biofuels, increase the importance of GEV design choices.
Commentary: Ensuring health statistics in conflict are evidence-based

The author argues that measuring mortality in conflict settings is fraught with limitations which mostly result in under-estimation of mortality. Some recent publications on this subject have been based upon convenient surveillance processes, or even press reports. The author calls for vigilance against such studies and argues that war related surveillance-based mortality estimates should include measures of sensitivity and representativeness.
Prediction of transport protocol performance through simulation

A five-layer simulation model of OSI protocols is described and applied to predict transport performance on a local area network (LAN). Emphasis is placed on time-critical applications typical of a small, flexible manufacturing system. The results predict that, with current technology, OSI protocols can provide 1.5 Mbps throughput, one-way delays between 6 and 10 ms, and response times between 15 and 25 ms. The results also indicate that CSMA/CD is a reasonable access method for time-critical applications on small, factory LANS, if loads of less than 40% are anticipated. For loads between 40% and 70%, a token passing access method provides better performance for time-critical applications.
Reclassification of cardiovascular risk using integrated clinical and molecular biosignatures: Design of and rationale for the Measurement to Understand the Reclassification of Disease of Cabarrus and Kannapolis (MURDOCK) Horizon 1 Cardiovascular Disease Study

Background Clinical predictive models leave gaps in our ability to stratify cardiovascular risk. High-throughput molecular profiling promises to improve risk classification. Methods Horizon 1 of the M easurement to U nderstand the R eclassification of D isease of C abarrus and K annapolis (MURDOCK) Study was conceived to apply emerging molecular techniques to existing data sets to characterize mechanistic diversity underlying complex human diseases, response to therapy, and prognosis. No previous studies have applied multiple, complementary molecular techniques in combination with well-developed clinical risk models to refine cardiovascular risk prediction. The MURDOCK Cardiovascular Disease Study will assess molecular profiles integrated with clinical data in "clinomic" profiles for cardiovascular risk classification. Conclusion Herein, we describe the design of and rationale for the MURDOCK Cardiovascular Disease Study.
Teaching Corner: Child Family Health International

Child Family Health International (CFHI) is a U.S.-based nonprofit, nongovernmental organization (NGO) that has more than 25 global health education programs in seven countries annually serving more than 600 interprofessional undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate participants in programs geared toward individual students and university partners. Recognized by Special Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), CFHI utilizes an asset-based community engagement model to ensure that CFHI’s programs challenge, rather than reinforce, historical power imbalances between the “Global North” and “Global South.” CFHI’s programs are predicated on ethical principles including reciprocity, sustainability, humility, transparency, nonmaleficence, respect for persons, and social justice.
Safe Management of Patients With Serious Communicable Diseases: Recent Experience With Ebola Virus

Members of a clinical team describe how they carried out the safe transport of the first 2 American patients evacuated from West Africa during the current Ebola epidemic.
Preliminary comparison of papanicolaou smear and speculoscopy for assessing cervical cancer precursor lesions in pregnant adolescents.

Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of speculoscopy in screening pregnant adolescents for abnormal cervical pathology. Methods: This was a prospective comparative study of the Papanicolaou smear and speculoscopy in pregnant adolescents ( Results: Thirty consecutive pregnant adolescents were included in the study. Papanicolaou smears and speculoscopic examinations were well tolerated by all adolescents. Twentyone adolescents had negative Papanicolaou smears and speculoscopic examinations, and one woman had a positive Papanicolaou smear and a negative speculoscopic examination. Four adolescents had positive speculoscopic examinations and negative Papanicolaou smears; of these cases, significant pathology was found in one case. Four adolescents had positive Papanicolaou smears and speculoscopic examinations, with significant pathology in two of these adolescents. Conclusion: This preliminary study shows speculoscopy to be well tolerated, not causing cervical trauma, and as effective as the Papanicolaou smear for detecting cervical pathology in pregnant adolescents.
Modelling of time-dependention outflows at high geomagnetic latitudes

The output from the NCAR Thermospheric General Circulation Model was used to simulate the time and altitude-dependent F-region ion frictional heating rate. These ion-heating profiles, computed as a functionm of UT along the locus of specific flux tubes, were used as boundary conditions in the Gombosi et al. (1985) polar wind model to simulate the plasma heating history of a flux tube traversing the cusp region. Using derived time-varying frictional heating rates such as those experienced by these flux tubes, it is shown that transverse ion heating below 500 km can provide sufficient energy to perturb the velocity distribution of the major ion species.
Long-Term Results of Penile Disassembly Technique for Correction of Epispadias

Objectives To present our long-term results with complete penile disassembly for epispadias repair. Methods We performed a retrospective review of our surgical records from 1996 to 2008. Group 1 included 12 patients who had undergone complete penile disassembly as a part of complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy, and group 2 included 9 patients with isolated epispadias. Results The mean follow-up after epispadias repair was 58.2 and 58.6 months for groups 1 and 2, respectively. At the last follow-up visit, 83.3% of group 1 and 100% of group 2 were completely dry or had dry intervals >4 hours. Of the 21 children, 7 (33.3%) experienced minor complications, 4 in group 1 and 3 in group 2. No ischemic changes of the glans penis or corporal bodies were observed in either group. Erectile function was preserved in all patients. Conclusions Complete penile disassembly technique can achieve total or near complete urinary continence, decreasing the morbidity of multiple procedures and potentially allowing children to achieve continence at an earlier age. Our experience, with a mean follow-up of nearly 5 years and an overall complication rate of 33.3%, is comparable to that of other published series.
Fatty Acid and Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Composition of Sarcina lutea Grown in Three Different Media

Fatty acid and aliphatic hydrocarbon contents of sarcina lutea cells grown in three different media
Preliminary studies on selenium-containing proteins in Brassica juncea by size exclusion chromatography and fast protein liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS

An approach for screening and resolving selenium-containing plant proteins was developed based on the combination of sample preparation and multi-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS. Different protein extraction protocols were investigated. A 24 h dodecylsulfate-mediated protein extraction in a sonication bath followed by acetone precipitation was found to be optimal. The use of different protein precipitate solubilizing agents (sodium dodecyl sulfate media and Tris-HCl buffer) demonstrates possible fractionation of the selenium-containing proteins. Selenium-containing protein screening and fractionation were carried out by means of SEC-ICP-MS. High molecular weight selenium containing proteins were solubilized with a sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing buffer, whereas the low molecular weight compounds were released into a Tris-HCl buffer. Size exclusion chromatography–fast protein liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS allowed separation and detection of several selenium-containing proteins in Se-supplemented wild type Brassica juncea plant, a fast growing selenium accumulator.
Symbolic Layout Compaction

Many experienced hand layout designers plan their layout by first rearranging the circuit topology in a way that they believe will result in the best final layout. The rearranged configuration is often drawn as a rough diagram indicating the desired placement of circuit elements and interconnection lines. Such a rough layout plan is then used as a guide during the tedious and error-prone actual layout process to remind the designer of the intended space utilization. In the past few years, layout plans of this type have become known as “stick diagrams” [1, 2] for they contain mostly simple line drawings.
Chemistry and Formation of the Beilby Layer During Polishing of Fused Silica Glass

The chemical characteristics and the proposed formation mechanisms of the modified surface layer (called the Beilby layer) on polished fused silica glasses are described. Fused silica glass samples were polished using different slurries, polyurethane pads, and at different rotation rates. The concentration profiles of several key contaminants, such as Ce, K, and H, were measured in the near surface layer of the polished samples using Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS). The penetration of K, originating from KOH used for pH control during polishing, decreased with increase in polishing material removal rate. In contrast, penetration of the Ce and H increased with increase in polishing removal rate. In addition, Ce penetration was largely independent of the other polishing parameters (e.g., particle size distribution and the properties of the polishing pad). The resulting K concentration depth profiles are described using a two-step diffusion process: (1) steady-state moving boundary diffusion (due to material removal during polishing) followed by (2) simple diffusion during ambient postpolishing storage. Using known alkali metal diffusion coefficients in fused silica glass, this diffusion model predicts concentration profiles that are consistent with the measured data at various polishing material removal rates. On the other hand, the observed Ce profiles are inconsistent with diffusion based transport. Rather we propose that Ce penetration is governed by the ratio of Ce–O–Si and Si–O–Si hydrolysis rates; where this ratio increases with interface temperature (which increases with polishing material removal rate) resulting in greater Ce penetration into the Beilby layer. Calculated Ce surface concentrations using this mechanism are in good agreement to the observed change in measured Ce surface concentrations with polishing material removal rate. These new insights into the chemistry of the Beilby layer, combined together with details of the single particle removal function during polishing, are used to develop a more detailed and quantitative picture of the polishing process and the formation of the Beilby layer.
The affinity of rat liver ribosome subunits for degranulated rough microsomal membranes

Potassium and magnesium ion concentrations affected the extent but not the specificity of binding in vitro of 60-S and 40-S ribosome subunits to degranulated rough microsomal membranes from rat liver. Scatchard plots revealed that under ionic conditions most likely to resemble those in vivo, the affinity constants for binding 60-S subunits were approximately four-times greater than those characterizing 40-S subunit binding. Further, the extent to which subunits bound at saturation was close to the level of ribosomes present in intact membranes.
Combinatorial statistics on non-crossing partitions

Abstract Four statistics, ls, rb, rs, and lb, previously studied on all partitions of {1, 2, …, n}, are applied to non-crossing partitions. We consider single and joint distributions of these statistics and prove equidistribution results. We obtain q- and p, q-analogues of Catalan and Narayana numbers which refine the rank symmetry and unimodality of the lattice of non-crossing partitions. Two unimodality conjectures, one of which pertains to Young's lattice, are stated. We exhibit relations between statistics on non-crossing partitions and established permutation statistics applied to restricted permutations. All our proofs are combinatorial, relying on the construction of bijective correspondences and on structural properties of the lattice of non-crossing partitions.
Block-Iterative Method of Solving the Nonhydrostatic Pressure in Terrain-Following Coordinates: Two-Level Pressure and Truncation Error Analysis

Abstract A technique for the treatment of the pressure in anelastic, nonhydrostatic terrain-following coordinates is described. It involves the use of two levels of pressure in such a manner so as to ensure that the anelastic mass-continuity equation is satisfied to round-off level. This procedure significantly improves model stability and accuracy. In the presence of modestly steep topography, the computational burden of the diagnostic elliptic pressure solver is equivalent to that of a direct solver. The two-level pressure approach is viewed as inappropriate for iterative schemes. A pressure truncation error analysis is described for calculating the second-order truncation error fields Γ associated with kinetic energy conservation for arbitrary formulations of the pressure gradient terms. The full transformed equation set is used, such that the combined effect of all of the equations contributing to the error is considered. Truncation error equations are derived for two specific formulations containing ...
The Political Worlds of Slavery and Freedom

The Political Worlds of Slavery and Freedom, by Steven Hahn, Cambridge, MA and London, UK, Harvard University Press, 2009, xvii, 246 pp. $21.95, ISBN 978-03296-5 This is a small book that packs a l...
Maintenance requirements and energetic efficiency of cows of different breed types.

Dry, nonpregnant, mature cows (greater than 10 yr) of five breeds (Angus, A; Brahman, B; Hereford, He; Holstein, Ho; and Jersey, J) and their crosses (n = 60) were used in a 428-d experiment to determine maintenance energy requirements and efficiency of energy exchange. Cows were fed individually (via Calan electronic gates) a 70% cottonseed hull diet for four consecutive periods (127, 105, 97 and 99 d) at each of four levels (50, 83, 117 and 150% of each animal's estimated maintenance requirement). Each of four cows/breed group was assigned to one of the four feeding levels each period, with one cow fed each level each period. Body composition was measured initially and following each period in all cows via D2O dilution with a two-pool kinetics model procedure. Average ending live weight and empty body weight, protein and fat were similar to beginning values, indicating that cows began and ended in similar body composition. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) following the last period averaged 54.7%. Average DMD was 53.5, 57.8, 52.0, 55.0 and 51.7% (standard error of mean [SE] = 2.1) for A, B, He, Ho and J; values for He and J were lower (P less than .05) than for B. Diet digestible energy (DE) was similar for all breed types and averaged 62.4% of gross energy (GE). A small decrease in DE with increasing GE intake was noted for all breed types. The daily metabolizable energy requirement for weight equilibrium for A, B, He, Ho and J differed (P less than .01) and was 100, 98, 108, 119 and 152 kcal/kg.75 (SE 4.8), respectively, with an overall mean of 107. The ME for maintenance (MEm) was 91.6, 93.8, 95.3, 115.7 and 140.4 kcal/kg.75 for A, B, He, Ho and J (SE 6.0), respectively, with an overall mean of 101.9. Efficiency of weight change for A, B, He, Ho and J differed (P less than .01) and was 116, 135, 80, 116 and 58 g/Mcal ME intake, respectively, with an overall mean of 96. The respective efficiency of ME use for tissue energy gain or loss was 80.6, 66.8, 66.0, 36.5 and 36.2% for A, B, He, Ho and J, with an average energetic efficiency of 60.1%. In general, maintenance requirements for weight and energy equilibrium were lower in beef breeds and their crosses than in dairy breeds and their crosses. Efficiency of ME use also favored the beef breeds over the dairy breeds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Distinct Circuits for the Formation and Retrieval of an Imprinted Olfactory Memory

Memories formed early in life are particularly stable and influential, representing privileged experiences that shape enduring behaviors. We show that exposing newly hatched C. elegans to pathogenic bacteria results in persistent aversion to those bacterial odors, whereas adult exposure generates only transient aversive memory. Long-lasting imprinted aversion has a critical period in the first larval stage and is specific to the experienced pathogen. Distinct groups of neurons are required during formation (AIB, RIM) and retrieval (AIY, RIA) of the imprinted memory. RIM synthesizes the neuromodulator tyramine, which is required in the L1 stage for learning. AIY memory retrieval neurons sense tyramine via the SER-2 receptor, which is essential for imprinted, but not for adult-learned, aversion. Odor responses in several neurons, most notably RIA, are altered in imprinted animals. These findings provide insight into neuronal substrates of different forms of memory, and lay a foundation for further understanding of early learning.
Roy Bahl: The Early Years

The report looks at the career of Roy H. Bahl Jr., dean, Andrew Young School and professor of economics and public administration at Georgia State University. They were prepared for the occasion of Bahl's being awarded the Daniel M. Holland Medal at the National Tax Association meeting in Miami, Fla., November 17.
Using percentile matching to simulate labor progression and the effect of labor duration on birth complications

Of the nearly 4 million births that occur each year in the U.S., almost 1 in 3 is a cesarean delivery. Due to the various increased risks associated with cesarean sections (C-sections) and the potential major complications in subsequent pregnancies, a re-evaluation of the C-section rate has been a topic of major concern for patients and health care providers. To evaluate the current C-section rate due to a "failure-to-progress" diagnosis, we implement a percentile matching procedure to derive labor progression times needed to replicate the delivery process in a discrete event simulation for women undergoing a trial of labor. The goals are to: (1) model the natural progression of labor in absence of C-sections, (2) determine the underlying rules responsible for the current rate of cesarean deliveries due to a "failure-to-progress" diagnosis, and (3) develop stopping rules that reduce the number of cesarean deliveries and the rate of complications.
An Activity-Theoretic Study of Agency and Identity in the Study Abroad Experiences of a Lesbian Nontraditional Learner of Korean

This is an activity-theoretic study of agency and identity in the study abroad experiences of a Korean learner named Julie—a 50-year-old lesbian, feminist, and non-traditional student from the USA. During 6-weeks in Seoul, Julie struggled to gain participation and to define her identity in a setting that was hostile towards homosexuality. These struggles were exacerbated by her Korean class, where she was positioned as an ‘older' student and, therefore, consigned to working with a ‘sexist' and ‘narcissistic' 65-year-old European male (‘Peter'). Within this unfavourable socio-historical context, this study focuses on how Julie exerted her agency to modulate her identity and redefine the social-material conditions of her language learning. I argue that through exerting her agency Julie was able to alter the ‘rules of interaction' in the ‘activity system' that she was part of. As such, Julie's story highlights the significance of acts of ‘changing' in defining language learning experiences and emphasizes the role of agency in activity-theoretic approaches to language learning.
Serological evidence on lagomorph relationships.

What are the affinities of the Lagomorpha (hares, rabbits,' conies) ? Are they allied to the rodents, or are the adaptive similarities between the two groups the result of parallel evolution? Are the lagomorphs more closely related to any other mammalian order than they are to Order Rodentia? This paper adds serological evidence to the morphological evidence which has been marshalled in attempts to answer these questions. The' investigation for-ms part of a program of serological research devoted largely to rodents' (Levine and Moody, 1939; Moody, 1940, 1941, 1948; Moody and Itzkowitz, 1943). The taxonomic position to be assigned to the hares and rabbits has long been a subject for disagreement., An historical summary is given 'by Simpson (1945); details will not be repeated here. Traditionally the Order. Rodentia has been divided into two suborders: Duplicidentata (hares, rabbits, conies), characterized by two pairs of upper incisor teeth, and Simplicidentata, characterized by one pair of upper incisors. This systematic arrangement is still not uncommon, particularly among European authors (cf. Parker and Haswell, 1940). Evidence has gradually accumulated, however, to indicate that dissimilarities between the groups outweigh similarities. In 1912 Gidley summarized the evidence -and separated the hares and rabbits into a distinct Order Lagomorpha. According to this author lagomorphs differ from rodents in the fQllowing ways. Lagomorphs have four functional upper incisors, -six being present in young indi-
Studies on the biology of the streptococcus erysipelatis. IV. Toxin production of the streptococcus erysipelatis.

Summary1. Among 34 strains of Streptococcus erysipelatis grown in tryptic medium at 37° C., the maximum toxin concentration was obtained in the lots incubated about 48 hours. 2. A skin test dose of 0.1 cc. of a 1 :lo00 dilution of erysipelas toxic filtrate produced in the skin of susceptible persons a lesion which measured more than 1.5 cm. in diameter. 3. Complete neutralization of one skin test dose of the erysipelas toxin was obtained by mixing it with an equal amount of convalescent erysipelas serum, or 0.00 1 cc. of erysipelas antistreptococcic rabbit or donkey sera. 4. During the acute stages of erysipelas the patient's blood serum and urine contained a toxic substance which was completely neutralized by convalescent erysipelas serum and which disappeared from the patient's blood serum and urine as soon as twelve hours after the administration intramuscularly of 25 to 100 CC. of the erysipelas antistreptococcic rabbit or donkey sera. 5. Positive skin reactions were obtained by one skin test dose of ...
The Role of Stromal Cells in Tumor Metastases.

Background: In 1889, Stephen Paget hypothesized that metastatic cells - the “seeds” - only grow in the secondary sites - the “soil” - with a permissive microenvironment. Here, we show that the “seeds” can carry their own “soil” - activated fibroblasts from primary site of metastatic tumors. Moreover, we report that carryover of these non-malignant host-derived cells during metastatic cell colonization in the lungs can increase cancer9s metastatic efficiency.Materials and Methods: We use multiple animal models and two metastatic tumor cell lines (LLC1 and LA-P0297) to study the composition, origin and role of fragments shed by tumors in the metastatic process.Results: we have shown that, in addition to single cells (81%), tumors shed fragments consisting of both tumor and host cells. We show that these fragments are more viable in the circulation compared to tumor cells alone (p Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6151.
Change of β-amyloid precursor protein processing in platelet of Alzheimer's disease patients

Objective To investigate the characteristic of β-amyloid precursor protein (Aβ) processing in activated platelet in AD.Methods Thirty-six sporadic AD patients and 30 control subjects were included in this study.Blood was collected from the subjects to separate platelets.After treated by thrombin,the soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP) level in the snpernatants of platelets from 36 were analyzed by means of western blot with a specific antibody recognizing soluble APP.Meanwhile Aβ level was measured by radioimmunoassay.Results After treated with thrombin,the level of soluble APP in the supernatants of platelets in patients with AD decreased by 31.0% (P0.05)as compared to controls.The Aβ level in the supernatants of platelets in AD patients was elevated from (3.1±2.7) ng/L to (5.8±3.2) ng/L(P0.01) and was increased from (6.1±4.4) ng/L to (11.5±5.9) ng/L (P0.01),but the elevated value of Aβ in the supernatants from AD patients and controls were (2.8±2.1),(5.5±3.6) ng/L respectively.A significant reduce of Aβ level was identified in AD group(P0.01).Conclusions Platelet releases its Aβ and APP after stimulated.Reduced level of Aβ and APP obtained from AD patients might suggest abnormal APP metabolism.