cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in abdominal muscle length during breathing in supine dogs.

Abstract To assess the mechanical function of the abdominal muscles during eupnea in the dog, we have measured the electrical activity and the respiratory changes in length of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles in eight supine, lightly anesthetized, spontaneously breathing animals. Seven animals had phasic expiratory electromyographic (EMG) activity in the transversus and showed expiratory shortening of the muscle below its in situ relaxation length (L r ). In contrast, only three animals had expiratory EMG activity and expiratory shortening of the external oblique, and no animal had expiratory EMG activity in the rectus. Seven animals, however, showed shortening of the rectus muscle during expiration. The amount of transversus expiratory shortening in the eight animals averaged (mean ± SE) −7.61 ± 1.72% L r and was significantly larger ( P r ) or rectus (−0.90 ± 0.39% L r ) expiratory shortening. Hyperoxic hypercapnia amplified these differences. These data thus indicate that in supine anesthetized dogs (1) the transversus is, in real mechanical terms, the primary abdominal muscle of expiration; and (2) the abdominal compartment of the chest wall during eupnea moves both below and above its neutral position, and not exclusively above it.
Need for Closure, Achievement Goals, and Cognitive Engagement in High School Students

ABSTRACT The authors extend their understanding of learner motivation by addressing questions around the construct of classroom need for closure in a high school sample. First, they established that their classroom need for closure measure demonstrated adequate psychometric properties when used with high school students. Subsequently, they explored relationships among classroom need for closure, achievement goals, and cognitive engagement using zero-order correlations and path analyses. Findings suggested that the 2 facets of classroom need for closure are relatively independent of each other, and that high levels of preference for certainty are more likely to be problematic for learners than high levels of preference for structure. Furthermore, the relationship between classroom need for closure and cognitive engagement is partially mediated by mastery goals. Implications for instruction are discussed.
Applications of parallel processing technologies in heuristic search planning: methodologies and experiments

The goal of this paper is to investigate the application of parallel programming techniques to boost the performance of heuristic search-based planning systems in various aspects. It shows that an appropriate parallelization of a sequential planning system often brings gain in performance and-or scalability. We start by describing general schemes for parallelizing the construction of a plan. We then discuss the applications of these techniques to two domain-independent heuristic search-based planners—a competitive conformant planner (CPA) and a state-of-the-art classical planner (FF). We present experimental results—on both shared memory and distributed memory platforms—which show that the performance improvements and scalability are obtained in both cases. Finally, we discuss the issues that should be taken into consideration when designing a parallel planning system and relate our work to the existing literature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Federal Administrative Procedure Act

The President's signature of the new Administrative Procedure Act completed the second or legislative phase of the reform of administrative procedure which began with the introduction and passage of the ill-fated Walter-Logan bill in 1939–40. The investigatory phase which preceded it had its beginning in the reluctant recognition accorded administrative law as a separate discipline at about the turn of the century. The refusal to recognize the existence of administrative law gave way before a volume of literature on the subject, and became transformed into a criticism of the administrative process itself. The movement for reform of which the act of 1946 was the culmination has come largely in answer to these criticisms. Ignoring differences in phraseology and attacks on specific agencies, most critics appear to agree on the following arguments: (1) The administrative process is essentially dangerous in that it ignores the traditional American theory of the separation of powers, a principal protection against tyranny and dictatorship in the United States . This argument may appear in several forms. Sometimes it is said that administrative law is to be deplored because it is typical of alien countries which are not as advanced politically as we. In the hands of the American Bar Association, this argument is used to point up dangers inherent in any system that has a tendency to limit judicial review. And sometimes the allegation is merely that the administrative process is a violation of the separation theory, leaving the evils of such a violation to implication.
The Distribution and Evolution of Physical Neighborhood Problems during the Great Recession

While the Great Recession had clear effects on economic growth, unemployment, and household wealth and earnings in the United States, it also likely affected the quality of neighborhoods. Situated ...
Tropical myeloneuropathies revisited

An interesting neurological syndrome, characterized by recurrent optic neuritis, cervical myelopathy from syringomyelia, paraparesis, amenorrhea-galactorrhea, and other endocrine problems, has been described among young black women in the French West Indies. The etiology remains unknown, but possible links with Devic's disease, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and neurotoxicity from quinolines in Annona muricata teas have been postulated. The largest epidemic of neuropathy in this century occurred in Cuba in 1991-1994. Clinical features and etiologic studies are reviewed. Its primary cause was nutritional. A similar epidemic was recently described in Tanzania. A number of infectious neuropathies and myopathies are reviewed, including leprosy, tuberculosis, hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola and Marburg filoviruses, Lassa, Argentinean and Bolivian arenaviruses), the human retrovirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I, Lyme disease and postimmunization neuropathies. The tropics continue to contribute interesting and important clinical conditions that may illuminate the etiopathiogenesis of other common disorders.
THE INFLUENCE OF MAT ERIAL VARIABILITY ON RELIABLE FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTIONS IN TWO ALUMINUM ALLOYS

The formation of fatigue cracks h as been observed to occur at inhomogeneities (constituent particles and micropores) that are inherent to a wide variety of materials. Material characterization techniques can be used to quantify the size distribution of particles or micropores and these d istributions are often used to predict the fatigue strength or fatigue life of specimens made from the material. This paper addresses the effectiveness of microstructural characterizations in quantifying the distribution of initial flaw sizes and in predi cting the associated fatigue life distribution. Using experimental data from earlier studies, a probabilistic life prediction analysis has been carried out for constituent particles in aluminum 2024 -T3 sheet and for micropores in three varieties of alumin um 7050 -T7451 plate. The experimental data reveal that fatigue cracks formed at inhomogeneities that were larger than any present in a thorough characterization, which is consistent with the theory that the weakest point of the material serves as the loca tion of failure. Only through experimental testing can an accurate representation of the crack nucleating features or initial “damage” state of the material be obtained. The predicted results based on the microstructurally characterized distributions usu ally overpredicted the experimental data and were non -conservative. The predictions based on the crack nucleation size distribution were consistently accurate and conservative. As a result, experimental validation as a means of generating life and crack nucleation distribution data is strongly recommended in order to accurately predict the lifetimes of fatigue critical components.
Contour tracking of human exercises

We developed a novel markerless motion capture system and explored its use in documenting elder exercise routines in a health club. This system uses image contour tracking and swarm intelligence methods to track the location of the spine and shoulders during three exercises — treadmill, exercise bike, and overhead lateral pull-down. Preliminary results of our qualitative study demonstrate that our system is capable of providing important feedback about the posture and stability of elders while they are performing exercises. Study participants indicated that feedback from this system would add value to their exercise routines.
In situ monitoring of CdTe nucleation on GaAs (100) using spectroscopic ellipsometry

Abstract In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to monitor the nucleation behavior of CdTe grown on vicinal GaAs (100) substrates by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. CdTe was grown on GaAs (100) substrates of exact and 2° off towards 〈110〉 orientations. A spectroscopic ellipsometer was used to collect in situ data at 44 wavelengths from 4000–7000 A. The Bruggeman's effective medium approximation was employed to determine the variation of the epilayer volume fraction with thickness, which was an indirect way of monitoring the expected island growth behavior. The Stranski-Krastonov (layer plus island) mode of growth was clearly observed for CdTe growth. The growth on the 2° off substrate was also “denser” than that on exact (100), which implied that coalescence of the islands occurred at lower thickness. This was expected since island nucleation is most favored along the ledges on the surface whose spacing decreases with increasing misorientation. A simple nucleation model, assuming cylinder-like islands, was able to fit the experimental data quite well, lending support to the island growth model.
MarA-Like Regulator of Multidrug Resistance in Yersinia pestis

MarA47Yp from Yersinia pestis, showing 47% identity to Escherichia coli MarA in its N terminus, caused resistance to antibiotics and to organic solvents when expressed in both E. coli and Y. pestis. Resistance was linked to increased expression of the AcrAB multidrug efflux pump. In four of five spontaneous multidrug-resistant mutants of Y. pestis independently selected by growth on tetracycline, the marA47Yp gene was overexpressed. The findings suggest that marA47Yp is a marA ortholog in Y. pestis.
The Princeton University behavioral synthesis system

The Princeton University behavioral synthesis system (PUBSS) is a high-level synthesis system targeted to control-dominated machines. PUBSS compiles a very high-speed integrated circuit description language (VHDL) behavior model, in which the design can be described as multiple communicating processes plus registers, and generates a register-transfer implementation. The authors describe the compiler with emphasis on the automaton-based algorithms which allow efficient specification and manipulation of control-dominated systems. >
Immigration and hybridization patterns of yellow and anubis baboons in and around Amboseli, Kenya.

In 1986, Samuels and Altmann reported evidence for a hybrid zone between Papio anubis and Papio cynocephalus in Amboseli, Kenya, in a baboon population that has been the subject of long-term study since 1971 [Samuels & Altmann, International Journal of Primatology 7:131-138, 1986]. In the current report we document ongoing patterns of hybridization in Amboseli between anubis and yellow baboons. In July 2000, we exhaustively scored living members of study groups for their degree of hybridity, using seven phenotypic characteristics (five in juveniles). We also scored all former members of study groups on the basis of photographic records, field notes, and observer recollections. A total of five anubis males and 11 males with hybrid phenotypes have immigrated into study groups over the course of the long-term study, and immigrations by hybrid males have increased in frequency over time. Further, the increasing frequency of hybrid phenotypes among animals born into study groups indicates that anubis and hybrid males have successfully reproduced in study groups. However, hybrid phenotypes and anubis immigrations were limited to groups in the southwestern portion of the Amboseli basin, with no hybrids occurring in the six eastern groups. Finally, we present evidence that anubis and hybrid males in Amboseli exhibit patterns of natal dispersal that are different from those of yellow males in Amboseli: males with anubis or hybrid phenotypes were significantly more likely to immigrate as juveniles or young subadults than were yellow males.
Correlation Between Image Noise and Body Weight in Coronary CTA with 16-row MDCT

Rationale and Objectives To evaluate the correlation between image noise and body weight (BW) or body mass index (BMI) in coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) as a potential parameter for reducing radiation dose in coronary CTA. Materials and Methods Thirty-six patients who underwent electrocardiogram-gated cardiac CT were analyzed in this study. The patients included 26 men and 10 women with a mean age of 60 years (range 43–79 years). All patients were imaged on a 16-row multidetector CT scanner. Mean value of BW and BMI was 83.5 kg and 28.1, respectively. Image noise was defined as standard deviation (SD) of the attenuation values measured by using 1 cm2 circular region of interest in the ascending aorta at the level of the right main pulmonary artery. The SD values were plotted against BW and BMI. The correlations were examined using a linear regression method. A P value of less than .05 was considered significant. Results The r value of linear regression between noise and BW was 0.90 (P Conclusions Excellent correlation was observed between noise and BW in coronary CTA. These data may be used as potential parameters for customized radiation dose modification to reduce radiation dose in coronary CT examinations.
Microelectronic component testing using circuit modeling

Microelectronic components testing and analysis is greatly enhanced through automated circuit modeling. Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) applies automated circuit modeling consistently to reduce the cost and time of performing circuit analysis and testing. Through circuit modeling, a graphical display with performance results are provided to assist the engineer in both troubleshooting microelectronic problem circuits and/or circuit design. Circuit modeling allows circuits to be analyzed on paper, thus reducing circuit board stress with regards to boards that appear to have problem areas. Also, circuit modeling identifies possible design problems before board prototypes are developed. The application of circuit modeling should be considered to reduce the cost and time to perform microelectronic component analysis and testing. >
Web-Based versus Paper-and-Pencil Course Evaluations

Our study compared the quantitative and qualitative outcomes associated with course evaluations collected over the Internet with those collected using a paper-and-pencil method. We randomly assigned students to 1 of the 2 different formats. There was no significant difference in quantitative student responses based on administration method, but students who completed evaluations over the Internet were more likely to give qualitative feedback compared to students who completed their evaluations in the classroom. Moreover, students in the Web-based condition provided longer qualitative comments than students in the paper-and-pencil group. We discuss the implications of these findings.
The Relationship of Blood Lead and Dietary Calcium to Blood Pressure in the Normative Aging Study

Background. Previous studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between elevated blood lead (BPb) and blood pressure (BP), but few have additionally examined the role of dietary calcium. Methods. The cross-sectional relationship between BPb and BP and the possible protective influence of increased dietary calcium on that relationship was examined among 798 male participants in the Normative Aging Study (NAS), a cohort of older men with relatively low BPb levels. Results. The age range of these subjects was 43-93 years (mean = 66.1, SD = 7.4 years) and blood lead concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 35 mcg/dl (median = 5.6 mcg/dl). For the cohort overall, neither In blood lead nor dietary calcium were significantly correlated with BP. In multivariate linear regression analyses that adjusted for age, body mass index, dietary calcium intake (adjusted for total calorie intake), alcohol intake, sitting heart rate, kilocalories/week expended in exercise, haematocrit, and smoking status, a unit increase in In BPb predicted an increase of 1.2 mmHg diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (95% Cl : 0.11, 2.2 ; P 0.03). Adjusted calcium intake of 800 mg/day predicted a decrease of 3.2 mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP) (95% Cl : -5.6, -0.24, P = 0.03). There was no evidence of an interaction between dietary calcium intake and blood lead on BP. When the analyses were restricted to those men ≤74 years old, a unit increase in In BPb predicted an increase of 1.6 mmHg DBP (n = 681 ; 95% Cl : 0.42, 2.7 ; P = 0.007). However, when men on anti-hypertensive medication (AHM) were excluded from the analyses, In BPb was not significantly associated with increased DBP nor was adjusted calcium significantly associated with SBP. Conclusions. The study did support the hypothesis that increased BPb was associated with increased DBP in a cohort of older men with low blood lead, but there was no evidence of interaction between BPb and dietary calcium on BP. However, the relationship between increased BPb and DBP did not hold when those on anti-hypertensive medications were excluded.
Spectrophotometric determination of iron(II) in seawater at nanomolar concentrations

Abstract Natural Fe(II) concentrations in seawater have been determined by using the colorimeter reagent ferrozine [3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-bis(4-phenylsulfonic acid)-1,2,4-triazine]. The ferrozine was adsorbed on a C18 Sep-Pak cartridge. Seawater samples ranging in volume from 50 to 400 ml were passed through the Sep-Pak with the Fe(II) being retained as the colored Fe(II)-ferrozine complex. The complex was extracted from the Sep-Pak column with 10 ml of methanol. Up to a 40-fold preconcentration of Fe(II) was possible using this method. The molar absorptivity of the Fe(II)-ferrozine complex in methanol was 28.1 × 103 l mol−1 cm−1 at 562 nm. The recovery of Fe(II) from the Sep-Pak was 91%. The detection limit for Fe(II) in seawater was 0.6 nmol l−1. The precision over the range 0.6–185 nmol l−1 was 2% or 0.2 nmol l−1, whichever is the larger. Copper(I) interference was minimized by complexing Cu(I) with neocuproine added to the methanol Sep-Pak effluent.
Impacts of C4 grass introductions on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in C3-dominated successional systems

While recent research has focused on the effects of exotic plant species on ecosystem properties, less is known about how restoring individual native plant species, differing in biomass and tissue chemistry, may impact ecosystems. We examined how three native C4 prairie grasses affected soil C and N cycling 11 years after reintroduction into successional old-field communities dominated by non-native C3 grasses. The species examined in this study differ in traits that are expected to influence soil C and N cycling (biomass and tissue chemistry). Thus, we hypothesized that cycling rates would decrease, thereby increasing pool sizes in soils under C4 species compared under C3 species. As predicted, the C4 species had greater biomass and more recalcitrant tissue [higher C:N, acid detergent fiber (ADF):N] compared to the dominant C3 species. The three C4 species did not differ in tissue C:N, ADF:N, or root biomass, but Andropogon had more than twice the shoot biomass of Schizachyrium and Sorghastrum. Soils under the C4 species did not differ in inorganic N levels, but levels were lower than in soils under the C3 species, and soils under Andropogon had slightly lower in situ net N mineralization rates compared to those under C3 species. We found little evidence of larger surface soil C pools under C4 species versus C3 species after 11 years and no differences in subsurface soil C or N among species. The C4 species contributed a significant amount of C to both soil depths after 11 years. Our results demonstrate that C4 species reintroduction into old-fields can alter C and N cycling on relatively short timescales, and that individual C4 species differ in the magnitude of these effects. Improving our understanding of how species influence ecosystem properties is essential to predicting the ecosystem-level consequences of plant community alterations due to land use changes, global change, and species introductions.
720-ns Continuously Tunable Parametric Delay of a 10-Gb/s Optical Signal

We report a record 720-ns continuously tunable optical delay of a 10-Gb/s intensity-modulated optical signal, using a two-pump parametric process. Error-free performance is achieved over the entire 7200-bit delay range. The input and output wavelengths were identical, as is required for most applications.
Graphene as a Long-Term Metal Oxidation Barrier: Worse Than Nothing

Anticorrosion and antioxidation surface treatments such as paint or anodization are a foundational component in nearly all industries. Graphene, a single-atom-thick sheet of carbon with impressive impermeability to gases, seems to hold promise as an effective anticorrosion barrier, and recent work supports this hope. We perform a complete study of the short- and long-term performance of graphene coatings for Cu and Si substrates. Our work reveals that although graphene indeed offers effective short-term oxidation protection, over long time scales it promotes more extensive wet corrosion than that seen for an initially bare, unprotected Cu surface. This surprising result has important implications for future scientific studies and industrial applications. In addition to informing any future work on graphene as a protective coating, the results presented here have implications for graphene's performance in a wide range of applications.
Beer's law and the unique penetration properties of the Brillouin precursor in complex media

When an ultrawideband electromagnetic pulse A(z, t) penetrates into a Debye-type dielectric, the causally interrelated effects of phase dispersion β(ω=R{k(ω)} and frequency dependent attenuation α(ω)=Z{k(ω)} appearing in the complex wave number k(ω)=(ω/c)n(ω) alter the pulse in a fundamental way that results in the appearance of a Brillouin precursor [1]. The propagated plane wave pulse is described here by the (exact) Fourier-Laplace integral representation.
Substructure design using a multi-domain multi-step topology optimization approach

A multi-domain and multi-step topology optimization approach is presented in this paper, which can be used to simplify the architecture/topological structure of an "optimum" structure obtained from the topology optimization process, and thus significantly improves the manufacturability of the final design. Examples will be given to illustrate how this approach can be applied to a realistic engineering design problem for developing lightweight and high-performance structures in next-generation ground vehicles.
Hierarchical Composition and Abstraction in Architecture Models

We present a compositional approach to generate linear hybrid automata timing models, and Markovian stochastic automata safety models, from an architecture specification. Formal models declared for components are composed to form an overall model for the system, where the composition rules depend on the semantics of the architecture specification. We further allow abstract models to be specified for a subsystem of components, where the abstract model may be substituted for the concrete model of that subsystem when composing the overall system model. We assume both abstract and concrete models are given, we address the problem of verifying that the abstractions yield safe if approximate results. An abstract model may be viewed as a formal subsystem specification used for both conformance checking and improving the tractability of system analysis.
How Banking Deregulation Affects Growth: Evidence from a Panel of U.S. States

This paper examines the impact of banking deregulation on growth in the U.S. Many states relaxed restrictions on intra-state bank branching beginning in the early 1960s, both by allowing bank holding companies to convert subsidiaries into branches and by permitting statewide de novo branching. This increased competition in the banking sector forced financial intermediaries to become more efficient. The existing literature suggests that one of the channels through which this worked was bank lending. Different industries have varying degrees of dependence on external financing, and industries that are more dependent on external financing should grow faster in the post-deregulation period. While this issue had been partly examined in a broader cross-country setting, it had not been hitherto explored for the U.S. In a panel data set, I find this not to be the case for the U.S.; industries that borrow less from banks in fact grew at a faster rate after deregulation. This could be the result of commercial banks losing market share to other sources of external financing, the general decline in the U.S. manufacturing sector and the terms of trade moving in favor of agriculture. I also consider the effect of deregulation on various measures of bank performance and find the strongest impact to be on the number of commercial banks operating in the state. Contrary to existing research, these regulatory changes slowed down growth in the number of bank branches and offices, as well as other measures of bank performance like assets, equity, loans and deposits. This suggests that the gains from deregulation are short-lived, and also reflect unprofitable smaller banks shuttering their operations and the emergence of credit unions and other alternatives to commercial banks.
Smart recompilation

With current compiler technology, changing a single line in a large software system may trigger massive recompilations. If the change occurs in a file with shared declarations, all compilation units depending upon that file must be recompiled to assure consistency. However, many of those recompilations may be redundant, because the change may affect only a small fraction of the overall system.Smart recompilation is a method for reducing the set of modules that must be recompiled after a change. The method determines whether recompilation is necessary by isolating the differences among program modules and analyzing the effect of changes. The method is applicable to languages with and without overloading. A prototype demonstrates that the method is efficient and can be added with modest effort to existing compilers.
Identification of Mediator Kinase Substrates in Human Cells using Cortistatin A and Quantitative Phosphoproteomics

Summary Cortistatin A (CA) is a highly selective inhibitor of the Mediator kinases CDK8 and CDK19. Using CA, we now report a large-scale identification of Mediator kinase substrates in human cells (HCT116). We identified over 16,000 quantified phosphosites including 78 high-confidence Mediator kinase targets within 64 proteins, including DNA-binding transcription factors and proteins associated with chromatin, DNA repair, and RNA polymerase II. Although RNA-seq data correlated with Mediator kinase targets, the effects of CA on gene expression were limited and distinct from CDK8 or CDK19 knockdown. Quantitative proteome analyses, tracking around 7,000 proteins across six time points (0–24 hr), revealed that CA selectively affected pathways implicated in inflammation, growth, and metabolic regulation. Contrary to expectations, increased turnover of Mediator kinase targets was not generally observed. Collectively, these data support Mediator kinases as regulators of chromatin and RNA polymerase II activity and suggest their roles extend beyond transcription to metabolism and DNA repair.
Blank corrections for ramped pyrolysis radiocarbon dating of sedimentary and soil organic carbon.

Ramped pyrolysis (RP) targets distinct components of soil and sedimentary organic carbon based on their thermochemical stabilities and allows the determination of the full spectrum of radiocarbon (14C) ages present in a soil or sediment sample. Extending the method into realms where more precise ages are needed or where smaller samples need to be measured involves better understanding of the blank contamination associated with the method. Here, we use a compiled data set of RP measurements of samples of known age to evaluate the mass of the carbon blank and its associated 14C signature, and to assess the performance of the RP system. We estimate blank contamination during RP using two methods, the modern-dead and the isotope dilution method. Our results indicate that during one complete RP run samples are contaminated by 8.8 ± 4.4 μg (time-dependent) of modern carbon (MC, fM ∼ 1) and 4.1 ± 5.5 μg (time-independent) of dead carbon (DC, fM ∼ 0). We find that the modern-dead method provides more accurate est...
Update on Anti-HIV Treatment

Development and application of anti-HIV drugs have played an important role in controlling HIV/AIDS disease. The authors reviewed the history of anti-HIV drug development, and summarized the mechanism and effect of reverse transcriptase inhibitor, protease inhibitor, entry inhibitor and integrase inhibitor, as well as the novel strategies on anti-HIV treatment and prevention.
The Parkland Burn Center experience with 297 cases of child abuse from 1974 to 2010

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric burns due to abuse are unfortunately relatively common, accounting for 5.8-8.8% of all cases of abuse annually. Our goal was to evaluate our 36-year experience in the evaluation and management of the victims of abuse in the North Texas area. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database containing records on all admissions from 1974 through 2010 was queried for all patients aged less than 18 years. Patients admitted for management of a non-burn injury were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: Of 5,553 pediatric burn admissions, 297 (5.3%) were due to abuse. Children with non-accidental injuries tended to be younger (2.1 vs. 5.0 years, pCopyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Language: en
Growth, carcass traits, and fatty acid profiles of adipose tissues from steers fed whole cottonseed.

To investigate the impact of dietary whole cottonseed (WCS) level on fatty acid composition, growth, and carcass traits, 45 Hereford steers were assigned to diets containing 0, 15, or 30% dietary WCS. The 15 and 30% WCS contributed an estimated 3.3 and 6.6% additional lipid, respectively, to the diets. After being fed for 54 d, all animals were weighed and slaughtered, and carcass measurements were obtained. There were no differences (P greater than .05) among dietary treatment groups in live weight or ADG for the 54-d feeding period. Control steers had larger (P less than .05) longissimus muscle areas than steers fed 30% WCS, which accounted for the advantage in yield grade (P less than .05) exhibited by the control group. Feeding of 30% WCS resulted in minor increases in linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acid content of perinephric fat expressed in both normalized (area percentage) and gravimetric (g/100 g of fresh tissue) formats. There were no significant differences in the monounsaturated or saturated fatty acid content of adipose tissues from animals fed the different diets. Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were higher (P less than .01) in total unsaturates but had lower (P less than .05) proportions of C18:0 and C18:1 than perinephric samples. Feeding WCS at the levels reported herein only had minor effects on fatty acid composition of beef adipose tissues.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Cardiac Indications in Children

Objectives:The objectives of this review are to discuss the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following surgery for congenital heart disease, myocarditis and as a bridge to cardiac transplantation. In addition, the latest in circuit equipment, the management of anticoagulation and blood tra
Specific detection of biomolecules in physiological solutions using graphene transistor biosensors.

Nanomaterial-based field-effect transistor (FET) sensors are capable of label-free real-time chemical and biological detection with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, although direct measurements in high–ionic-strength physiological solutions remain challenging due to the Debye screening effect. Recently, we demonstrated a general strategy to overcome this challenge by incorporating a biomolecule-permeable polymer layer on the surface of silicon nanowire FET sensors. The permeable polymer layer can increase the effective screening length immediately adjacent to the device surface and thereby enable real-time detection of biomolecules in high–ionic-strength solutions. Here, we describe studies demonstrating both the generality of this concept and application to specific protein detection using graphene FET sensors. Concentration-dependent measurements made with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified graphene devices exhibited real-time reversible detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) from 1 to 1,000 nM in 100 mM phosphate buffer. In addition, comodification of graphene devices with PEG and DNA aptamers yielded specific irreversible binding and detection of PSA in pH 7.4 1x PBS solutions, whereas control experiments with proteins that do not bind to the aptamer showed smaller reversible signals. In addition, the active aptamer receptor of the modified graphene devices could be regenerated to yield multiuse selective PSA sensing under physiological conditions. The current work presents an important concept toward the application of nanomaterial-based FET sensors for biochemical sensing in physiological environments and thus could lead to powerful tools for basic research and healthcare.
ROLE OF THERMORECEPTORS IN THERMO-REGULATION

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the results of studies focusing on the role of thermoreceptors in thermoregulation. Subjects were submersed in a tub whose temperature was lowered very slowly (1°C per hour) from 38°C to wherever the subject reported the very first impression of a cold sensation. This threshold is fairly reproducible and independent of central temperature in the range under consideration. A correction is required for the gradient of temperature that arises between the warm subcutaneous receptors and the surrounding water when central temperature is substantially higher than water temperature. The dominant system of defense against cold is behavioral, whereas it is autonomic for defense against warmth. The behavioral systems, particularly when they are supported by heating or cooling technology, are superior in power. The autonomic systems excel by far in precision.
Safety Enhancement by PDA: Two Novel Examples

Abstract This paper reviews two ongoing research efforts to evaluate the use of hand-held computers (personal digital assistants or PDAs) to enhance safety. One is in the context of railroad maintenance operational safety and the second is in the context of a person shopping in a pharmacy or market to ensure that foods, medicines or other products do not pose hazards relative to that person's known medical condition. The research question is how and whether, in these (or other) work situations, by allowing a person to communicate through a PDA with some combination of sensed data and stored data (either on board the PDA or in the environment) warnings can be provided and safety can be enhanced.
La Inteligencia Exitosa: Un Modelo para evaluar la Inteligencia más allá de los test de Cociente Intelectual (CI)

Standard conventional tests only assess a narrow sampling of the abilities required for success in school and in life. In contrast, the augmented theory of successful intelligence asserts that intelligence involves creative skills in producing new ideas, analytical skills in evaluating whether the ideas are good ones, practical skills in putting the ideas into practice and in convincing other people of the value of the ideas, and wisdom-based skills in confirming that one is using one's knowledge and skills to serve a common good. Three projects were created to evaluate the theory with regard to college admissions: First, the Rainbow Project demonstrated that prediction of first-year college academic performance could be increased while simultaneously decreasing differences between ethnic groups on a predictive assessment, in comparison with the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). Second, the Kaleidoscope Project improved prediction of academic and extracurricular performance over SAT scores alone; but the ethnic-group differences usually obtained vanished. Third, the Panorama Project showed the success of similar techniques in a less selective population. The projects demonstrate the application of the augmented theory of successful intelligence in enhancing college and university admissions procedures.
Pilot Test of an Engagement, Triage, and Brief Intervention Strategy for School Mental Health

School mental health (SMH) services are widespread but are often not well integrated into school settings, based on evidence for effectiveness, or efficiently delivered. This paper presents results of a pilot study of a brief (4 session) assessment, engagement, triage, and initial intervention strategy for SMH clinicians working in high schools. The study included n = 29 students served by five clinicians trained on the Brief Intervention for School Clinicians (BRISC), compared to n = 37 students served by 10 similar clinicians providing school-based services as usual. Clinicians implemented BRISC elements with good fidelity and reported the strategy was feasible and aligned with student needs. BRISC students reported greater satisfaction and therapeutic alliance. No differences were found for overall behavioral functioning; however, BRISC students showed greater reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms. Academic outcomes were not associated with condition. After four sessions, the majority of BRISC students were discharged without need for continued services, suggesting it could promote efficiency. Results indicate that BRISC is a promising approach that merits further research.
Efficacy of alemtuzumab in organ transplantation: current clinical status.

An overview of the past 5 years of clinical renal transplantation would include progress in (i) the development of protocols with new induction agents (non-depleting versus depleting monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies) designed to reduce the incidence and severity of acute rejection, (ii) the attempt to reduce calcineurin inhibitor short- and long-term nephrotoxicity, and (iii) the attempt to reduce immunosuppression overall if an immunoregulatory state (‘tolerance’) against donor alloantigens could be achieved. One such induction agent is the humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab (Campath-1H), which depletes T cells (most potently), as well as B cells and other lymphoid subsets, and may decrease the dosage or need for concurrent maintenance immunosuppressive agents.
Two Important Principles: Induction and Pigeonhole

Mathematical propositions come in two forms: universal propositions which state that something is true for all values of x in some specified set, and existential propositions which state that something is true for some value of x in some specified set. The former type are expressible in the form “For all x (in a set S), P(x)”; the latter type are expressible in the form “There exists an x (in the set S) such that P(x),” where P(x) is a statement about x. In this chapter we will consider two important techniques for dealing with these two kinds of statements: (i) the principle of mathematical induction, for universal propositions, and (ii) the pigeonhole principle, for existential propositions.
Film Formation from Polymer Colloids

The formation of an adherent continuum from a polymer colloid leads inevitably to residual stresses in the dried film. Dimensional changes are bound to occur, either by evaporation, by bond formation, or by coalescence of discrete particles. All of these mechanisms require a reduction in the volume of the film, and when the film is constrained by a rigid substrate the volume change is manifested as a shrinkage in the vertical direction only. These dimensional changes must be accompanied either by flow of the polymeric material or by deformation. The terminal stage in the drying of a film is not conducive to flow, or else the film would not possess protective values, and as a consequence the buildup of some residual stress appears inevitable.
An eCommerce Development Case: Your Company's eCommerce Web Site.

This case provides a real-world semester long project-oriented case study for students enrolled in an electronic commerce course that has a significant development component. The case provides the technical framework in the form of functional requirements for students to design and build a fully functional transaction processing e-commerce Web site over the course of a semester based on the company, products and/or services, content, and graphic images they choose. The case is divided into three assignments. The first assignment is a basic e-commerce Web site that emphasizes site layout, navigation, text formatting, inserting graphics, and the content necessary to market products and services online. Additional complexity is added in the second assignment, an enhanced e-commerce Web site. In this assignment students will create their own graphics images, menus, and image maps, use JavaScript to create image rollovers and image swaps, dynamically generate Web pages based on the contents of a database, and use a form to send data to an email address. The third assignment is a full-fledged transaction processing e-commerce Web site with a virtual shopping cart and checkout processing procedures. The case can to be used in a course where the students have little or no prior programming or relational database experience. The case was written so that the creation of the student’s e-commerce Web site is not dependent upon the student’s e-commerce development software, graphics tool set, Web server, Web programming environment, or relational database management system. Teaching notes containing suggested instructions, possible development environments, Web server configurations hints, individual assignment objectives, and a sample solution to the final assignment are provided.
Resident Education in Complex Obstetric Procedures: Are We Adequately Preparing Tomorrow's Obstetricians?

Objectives The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) milestones for obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residents include obstetrical technical skills. We sought to describe resident experience with surgical obstetrics and comfort performing procedures independently postgraduation. Study Design An anonymous 27-question e-survey was sent to OB/GYN residents in United States in March 2018, using the Council of Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology coordinator listserv. Complex obstetric procedures included: forceps-assisted vaginal delivery (FAVD) and vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery (VAVD), cerclage, breech second twin, breech delivery, perineal repairs, and cesarean hysterectomy. Technical skill questions included experience as primary surgeon, comfort performing procedures independently, and for 4th year residents—comfort performing procedures postresidency. Demographic information was queried. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze responses. Results A total of 417 residents completed the survey. Respondents were 88% female, 75% from academic programs, and 48% postgraduate year 3 and 4. Among all residents, many had been primary surgeon in operative vaginal deliveries (51% FAVD, 72% VAVD), fewer for breech vaginal delivery (21%), breech second twin (34%), cesarean hysterectomy (21%), and 4th degree repairs (37%). All 4th-year respondents stated that they would feel comfortable performing either VAVD or FAVD postresidency. Note that 17, 33, 28, and 74% would not feel comfortable performing a 4th degree repair, cesarean hysterectomy, breech second twin, and breech vaginal delivery, respectively, postresidency. Conclusion Despite ACGME recommendations, data suggest that many graduating residents may not be comfortable with these complex procedures.
The Rho-independent transcription terminator for the porA gene enhances expression of the major outer membrane protein and Campylobacter jejuni virulence in abortion induction

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide. Its porA gene encodes the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) that is abundantly expressed and has important physiological functions, including a key role in systemic infection and abortion induction in pregnant animals. Despite the importance of porA in C. jejuni pathogenesis, mechanisms modulating its expression levels remain elusive. At the 3' end of the porA transcript, there is a Rho-independent transcription terminator (named T porA in this study). Whether T porA affects the expression and function of MOMP remains unknown and is investigated in this study. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion constructs with the porA promoter at the 5' end and an intact T porA or no T porA at the 3' end of the gfp coding sequence revealed that both the transcript level of gfp and its fluorescence signals were more than 2-fold higher in the construct with T porA than in the one without T porA Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of the porA mRNA and immunoblot detection of MOMP in C. jejuni showed that disruption of T porA significantly reduced the porA transcript level and the expression of MOMP. An mRNA decay assay demonstrated that disruption of T porA resulted in a shortened transcript half-life of the upstream gfp or porA gene, indicating that T porA enhances mRNA stability. In the guinea pig model, the C. jejuni construct with an interrupted T porA was significantly attenuated in abortion induction. Together, these results indicate that T porA enhances the expression level of MOMP by stabilizing its mRNA and influences the virulence of C. jejuni.
Analog Beamforming System Using Rotman Lens for 5G Applications at 28 GHz

In this paper, the design and simulation of a seven input and eight output Rotman Lens switched-beam Quasi-Yagi antenna array are described. The beamforming system is made on Rogers substrate RO6010 which makes the proposed system compatible with standard planar low-cost processing techniques for millimeter wave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC). The result shows the system capability of 80° beam scanning for different seven angels in range of −39.7°, −26.5°, −13.3°, 0°, +13.3°, +26.5°, and +39.5° at 28 GHz.