cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypertension in patients with pheochromocytoma.

Adrenal-dependent hypertension syndromes are uncommon forms of hypertension. They include primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, Cushing’s syndrome, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pheochromocytomas are the cause of hypertension in 0.1% to 0.2% of hypertensive patients. Excess catecholamine release and other neural and humoral mechanisms contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension. Patients with pheochromocytomas have a potentially curable cause of endocrine hypertension and, if undetected, pheochromocytomas confer a high risk for morbidity and mortality, especially during surgical procedures and pregnancy. All patients with incidental adrenal tumors, regardless of tumor size, should be biochemically screened for pheochromocytoma (especially before resection or needle biopsy) to avoid precipitation of a lethal hypertensive crisis.
How Transcription Networks Evolve and Produce Biological Novelty

The rewiring of gene regulatory networks over evolutionary timescales produces changes in the patterns of gene expression and is a major source of diversity among species. Yet the molecular mechanisms underlying evolutionary rewiring are only beginning to be understood. Here, we discuss recent analyses in ascomycete yeasts that have revealed several general principles of network rewiring. Specifically, we discuss how transcription networks can maintain a functional output despite changes in mechanism, how specific types of constraints alter available evolutionary trajectories, and how regulatory rewiring can ultimately lead to phenotypic novelty. We also argue that the structure and "logic" of extant gene regulatory networks can largely be accounted for by constraints that shape their evolutionary trajectories.
Exits from Paradox

The theory of paradox is an open invitation to unorthodoxy in logic and semantics. Many of the most far-reaching modern innovations in these domains have in fact developed through grappling with paradoxes. What is most interesting and significant about paradoxes, however, is not that they are paradoxical, but that they are so instructive.
"Technological Overlap, Location, and Time Elapsed until the Initial Post-Acquisition Innovation"

Technological acquisitions have become a popular complement to internal innovation to overcome the time-compression diseconomies of internal innovation. Therefore, acquisition success greatly depends on the expeditious leveraging of the target’s technological knowledge. Confounding our understanding of leveraging target knowledge is the fact that target knowledge workers play two distinct roles post-acquisition: to conduct innovative activities in conjunction with the acquirer (integrative innovation) and to continue independent innovative activities (independent innovation). I extend our conceptualization of relative absorptive capacity by integrating geographic distance and cultural distance with the standard measure of relative absorptive capacity—technological overlap. I suggest that relative absorptive capacity possesses opposing effects on integrative innovation and independent innovation. While relative absorptive capacity hastens integrative innovation, it leads to excessive intervention into the ...
Design and Feasibility of Active Control Surfaces on Wind Turbine Blade Systems

Wind energy has reached a level of maturity regarding its value as an alternative energy generation technology. However, inefficiencies in blade designs over a wide range of wind conditions are present. Some of this inefficiency comes from operation in transient and turbulent wind conditions. High maintenance costs and decreased reliability can result from continued use in turbulent wind conditions. Another source of inefficiency is the fact that the wind turbine blade is a “point design” which is optimized over a specified range of wind conditions. Active control surfaces, similar to conventional aircraft structures can be utilized to provide better efficiencies. The motivation of this study was to explore active control surfaces on wind turbine blades for improved reliability and efficiency. Blades become fatigued due to the cyclic loading and unloading of the wind. One way to prolong the life of these blades may be answered with an active control system that will mitigate the transient loading associated with erratic wind gusts. This reduction in loads is a combination of active control supported by transient, computational and experimental data, along with actuator concepts. Also, changing the aerodynamic configuration of the wind turbine blade can yield efficiencies over a wider range of wind speeds and conditions. In this paper we address the actuator portion of the system, which can be used for a variety of active control surfaces on wind turbine blades. Concept mechanisms are developed, demonstrated, and analyzed regarding their deployment in current and next generation wind turbine blades. Recommendations for future studies are provided.
Energy-Weighted Modes Selection in Reduced-Order Nonlinear Simulations

A study is undertaken to improve the linear normal mode selection procedure using the energy information of the proper orthogonal modes generated in the full physical simulation of a nonlinear system. In a typical reduced-order simulation using proper orthogonal decomposition, system identification is performed to simulation data in physical DoFs by means of proper orthogonal decomposition. However, frequency information is also acquired so that the energy participation factor of each proper orthogonal mode can be obtained. In this paper, first, the frequency estimation of resulting proper orthogonal modes is performed by using the modal kinetic energy without using complicated smooth orthogonal decomposition. Second, the similarity matrix between the proper orthogonal modes and the linear normal modes are weighted with energy participation of proper orthogonal modes so that the selected linear normal modes are not only similar to corresponding proper orthogonal modes, but also based on the most energy contributing ones. Linear and nonlinear simulations of a simply-supported plate structure subjected to free vibrations, and random pressure excitations are examined as the application examples. Initial examples show that the proposed technique enables accurate and efficient frequency estimation of proper orthogonal modes and has the potential of improving the mode selection procedure for reduced-order nonlinear simulations.
Elucidating the Hemodynamic Origin of Ballistocardiographic Forces: Toward Improved Monitoring of Cardiovascular Health at Home

The ballistocardiogram (BCG), a signal describing the reaction forces of the body to cardiac ejection of blood, has recently gained interest in the research community as a potential tool for monitoring the mechanical aspects of cardiovascular health for patients at home and during normal activities of daily living. An important limitation in the field of BCG research is that while the BCG signal measures the forces of the body, the information desired (and understood) by clinicians and caregivers, regarding mechanical health of the cardiovascular system, is typically expressed as blood pressure or flow. This paper aims to explore, using system identification tools, the mathematical relationship between the BCG signal and the better-understood impedance cardiography (ICG) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveforms, with a series of human subject studies designed to asynchronously modulate cardiac output and blood pressure and with different magnitudes. With this approach, we demonstrate for 19 healthy subjects that the BCG waveform more closely maps to the ICG (flow) waveform as compared with the finger-cuff-based ABP (pressure) waveform, and that the BCG can provide a more accurate estimate of stroke volume ( $r=0.73$ , $p ) as compared with pulse pressure changes ( $r = 0.26$ ). We also examined, as a feasibility study, for one subject, the ability to calibrate the BCG measurement tool with an ICG measurement on the first day, and then track changes in stroke volume on subsequent days. Accordingly, we conclude that the BCG is a signal more closely related to blood flow than pressures, and that a key health parameter for titrating care—stroke volume—can potentially be accurately measured with BCG signals at home using unobtrusive and inexpensive hardware, such as a modified weighing scale, as compared with the state-of-the-art ICG and ABP devices, which are expensive and obtrusive for use at home.
Clinical and Biochemical Evidence of Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in the Pregnancy Syndrome Preeclampsia

The pregnancy disorder preeclampsia continues as a major cause of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Despite intensive research since its recognition 100 years ago, our lack of understanding is evidenced by therapy which remains empiric, early delivery. Part of our failure to more completely understand the syndrome is due to excessive attention to the blood pressure elevation which accompanies the disorder, to the exclusion of a panoply of other physiologic aberrations. Although hypertension, if markedly elevated, can lead to maternal morbidity, it is not usually an important contributor to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. It is primarily important as a marker for vasoconstriction, which in association with activation of coagulation reduces perfusion to many organs, including the fetal-placental unit. The earliest and likely most important pathophysiologic change is reduced placental perfusion secondary to abnormal implantation and/or a relative increase in placental mass. We propose that reduced placental perfusion results in the production of agent(s) by this organ, which injures or activates endothelial cells. The resulting endothelial cell dysfunction increases sensitivity to normal endogenous pressors, activates the coagulation cascade, and increases vascular permeability. These changes produce the characteristic pathophysiologic changes of the disorder. Evidence supporting this hypothesis includes abnormal endothelial morphology long recognized in glomerular capillaries, increased circulating fibronectin, and increased plasma mitogenic activity that long antedates the clinical disorder. In addition, an agent(s) is present in the blood of these women which activates endothelial cells in vitro as evidenced by increased release of [51Cr] chromium and increased production of PDGF. Preeclampsia is clearly more than "pregnancy induced hypertension."
Strictly-complete measurements for bounded-rank quantum-state tomography

We consider the problem of quantum-state tomography under the assumption that the state is pure, and more generally that its rank is bounded by a given value $r$. In this scenario two notions of informationally complete measurements emerge: rank-$r$-complete measurements and rank-$r$ strictly-complete measurements. Whereas in the first notion, a rank-$r$ state is uniquely identified from within the set of rank-$r$ states, in the second notion the same state is uniquely identified from within the set of all physical states, of any rank. We argue, therefore, that strictly-complete measurements are compatible with convex optimization, and we prove that they allow robust quantum-state estimation in the presence of experimental noise. We also show that rank-$r$ strictly-complete measurements are as efficient as rank-$r$-complete measurements. We construct examples of strictly-complete measurements and give a complete description of their structure in the context of matrix completion. Moreover, we numerically show that a few random bases form such measurements. We demonstrate the efficiency-robustness property for different strictly-complete measurements with numerical experiments. We thus conclude that only strictly-complete measurements are useful for practical tomography.
Survey on the Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Among Employed Floating Population,Huangshigang District,Huangshi City,2012

Objective To understand the risk factors of chronic diseases of employed floating population in Huangshigang district,Huangshi city,so as to provide the basis for corresponding social intervention measures. Methods Multistage cluster sampling method was taken according to different industries.Questionnaire survey and physical examination were used in this study. Results A total of 301 people joined this study,the smoking rate was 33.89%.Smoking rate of males was 67.41%,which was significantly higher than that of females(P 0.01).75.42%of the population were passive smokers.Drinking rate was 46.51%.Nearly half of the people ate meat more than the recommended amount,the rate of low vegetable consumption was close to 40%,nearly all the objects consumed fruits less than normal.The prevalence of hypertension was 19.93%.Excessive waist and overweight(or obesity)accounted for 41.20%and 42.19%respectively in the population. Conclusion The risk factors of chronic diseases mainly include smoking,drinking,overweight or obesity,incorrect components of diet in the employed floating population.Appropriate way should be undertaken to strengthen health education and health promotion of employed floating population.
Determination of four fluoroquinolones in milk by liquid chromatography

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method with fluorescence detection is presented for the analysis of 4 fluoroquinolones; enrofloxacin (ENRO), ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), sarafloxacin (SARA), and difloxacin (DIFLX) in milk. The procedure consists of extraction of milk with acidified ethanol, isolation and retention on a cation exchange solid-phase extraction column, elution with basic methanol, and LC analysis with fluorescence detection. LC analysis is performed by isocratic elution using an acetonitrile-2% acetic acid (15 + 85) mobile phase and an Inertsil phenyl column with fluorescence detection at excitation and emission wavelengths of 278 and 450 nm, respectively. A target level of 10 ppb for each of the 4 fluoroquinolones has been established for this method. Average recovery from fortified raw milk samples (5-100 ppb each) based on a 5-point standard curve calculation was 70-90%, with relative standard deviations of < 15%.
Our Day Jobs: Politics and Pedagogy in Academia

This essay addresses the changing face of the university. It is based on my presidential address at the 2016 meetings of the Eastern Sociological Society.
Utilization of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontic Diagnosis

Endodontic diagnosis is dependent upon evaluation of the patient’s chief complaint, medical and dental history, and clinical and radiographic examination. A clinical examination must be performed before considering any radiographic examination. Imaging is an essential part of endodontic practice, from diagnosis and treatment planning to outcome assessment. Intraoral radiographs have inherent limitations due to the compression of three-dimensional (3D) structures in a two-dimensional (2D) image. Superimposition of anatomic structures and image noise results in distortion of the area of interest. The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) could overcome these issues by visualizing the dentition and the relationship of anatomic structures in three dimensions. CBCT units reconstruct the projection data to provide interrelational images in three orthogonal planes (axial, sagittal, and coronal). For most endodontic applications, limited or focused field of view (FOV) CBCT is preferred over large volume CBCT. This chapter will review the utilization of CBCT in endodontic diagnosis and management of periapical pathosis, diagnosis of pain, cracked teeth and vertical root fractures, internal and external resorptive defects, and traumatic injuries.
Servant Leadership: All About an Effective Servant-Leader

At the beginning of the 21st century there has been a paradigm shift in leading and managing organizations from the traditional, autocratic, and hierarchical modes of leadership to a newly emerging model (Spears, 2002). This emerging leadership and service model is: 1) based on team work and community that encourages to involve others in decision making, 2) highly based on ethical and caring behavior, and 3) attempts to develop the personal growth of followers while enhancing the caring and quality of institutions (Spear, 2002). According to Larry C. Spears, this currently emerging leadership and service approach is called servant leadership. In this perspective, this paper seeks to highlight the history of servant leadership, the emergence of a servant-leaders, and the efficacy of servant leadership in leading and managing organizations. In doing so, 1) I illustrate the history of servant leadership, 2) describe the evolution of a servant-leader, 3) define servant leadership, 4) review recent studies on servant leadership, and draw my conclusion on the topic.
Imaging Evaluation of Pancreatic Cancer

Imaging studies are critical for the detection, characterization, initial staging, management, and monitoring of pancreatic cancer cases. Treatment of pancreatic cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach. Ideally, assessing resectablility with imaging and subsequent treatment decisions should be made at a high-volume center of excellence with a multidisciplinary team. This article reviews the major imaging modalities used to evaluate pancreatic neoplasms, with an emphasis on pancreatic imaging protocols. The imaging appearance of solid pancreatic neoplasms and the imaging criteria used to stage and determine resectability for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are described. An approach to standardized radiologic reporting is also reviewed.
Using Gas-Phase Clusters to Screen Porphyrin-Supported Nanocluster Catalysts for Ethane Oxidation to Ethanol

We demonstrate the use of gas phase metal hydroxide clusters to identify descriptors and generate scaling relationships for predicting catalytic performances of porphyrin-supported metal hydroxide catalysts. Using the gas phase clusters for these purposes takes just 5 % of the time that would have been required if the porphyrin-supported models had been used.
Fundamental and Hybrid Neural Network Modeling and Optimization of Bioreactors

abstract This paper discusses both fundamental mathematical modeling of dynamic biotechnology processes as well as the use of hybrid neural network modeling of these systems. In addition dynamic optimization techniques are discussed which are compatible with both modeling techniques. These modeling and optimization techniques are applied to a batch fermentation of foreign protein using inducible recombinant bacteria
Prolonged fasting suppresses mitochondrial NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation via SIRT3-mediated activation of superoxide dismutase 2

Twenty-four hours of fasting is known to blunt activation of the human NLRP3 inflammasome. This effect might be mediated by SIRT3 activation, controlling mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. To characterize the molecular underpinnings of this fasting effect, we comparatively analyzed the NLRP3 inflammasome response to nutrient deprivation in wild-type and SIRT3 knock-out mice. Consistent with previous findings for human NLRP3, prolonged fasting blunted the inflammasome in wild-type mice but not in SIRT3 knock-out mice. In SIRT3 knock-out bone marrow–derived macrophages, NLRP3 activation promoted excess cytosolic extrusion of mitochondrial DNA along with increased reactive oxygen species and reduced superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity. Interestingly, the negative regulatory effect of SIRT3 on NLRP3 was not due to transcriptional control or priming of canonical inflammasome components but, rather, occurred via SIRT3-mediated deacetylation of mitochondrial SOD2, leading to SOD2 activation. We also found that siRNA knockdown of SIRT3 or SOD2 increased NLRP3 supercomplex formation and activation. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type and constitutively active SOD2 similarly blunted inflammasome assembly and activation, effects that were abrogated by acetylation mimic–modified SOD2. Finally, in vivo administration of lipopolysaccharide increased liver injury and the levels of peritoneal macrophage cytokines, including IL-1β, in SIRT3 KO mice. These results support the emerging concept that enhancing mitochondrial resilience against damage-associated molecular patterns may play a pivotal role in preventing inflammation and that the anti-inflammatory effect of fasting-mimetic diets may be mediated, in part, through SIRT3-directed blunting of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation.
Alcohol use and intimate partner violence among women and their partners in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background Alcohol use is a well-documented risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV); however, the majority of research comes from high-income countries. Methods Using nationally representative data from 86 024 women that participated in the Demographic and Health Surveys, we evaluated the relationship between male partner alcohol use and experiencing IPV in 14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using multilevel mixed-effects models, we calculated the within-country, between-country, and contextual effects of alcohol use on IPV. Results Prevalence of partner alcohol use and IPV ranged substantially across countries (3-62 and 11-60%, respectively). Partner alcohol use was associated with a significant increase in the odds of reporting IPV for all 14 countries included in this analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between alcohol use and IPV, although largely explained by partner alcohol use, was also attributable to overall prevalence of alcohol use in a given country. The partner alcohol use-IPV relationship was moderated by socioeconomic status (SES): among women with a partner who used alcohol those with lower SES had higher odds of experiencing IPV than women with higher SES. Conclusions Results of this study suggest that partner alcohol use is a robust correlate of IPV in SSA; however, drinking norms may independently relate to IPV and confound the relationship between partner alcohol use and IPV. These findings motivate future research employing experimental and longitudinal designs to examine alcohol use as a modifiable risk factor of IPV and as a novel target for treatment and prevention research to reduce IPV in SSA.
Venous invasion by hepatic tumors: imaging appearance and implications for management

Venous invasion by hepatic tumors most commonly occurs with hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with worse patient prognosis. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of tumor thrombus in the liver. Moreover, differentiating between bland and tumor thrombus in the liver has important diagnostic, staging, therapeutic, and prognostic implications and may require a multimodal imaging approach including ultrasound, computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment of hepatic malignancies with associated tumor thrombus is dependent on tumor type, disease extent within the liver, liver hemodynamics, and underlying liver function. Treatment of such tumors may involve surgical, locoregional and/or systemic therapies. The current review will focus on the imaging characteristics of venous invasion by hepatic tumors. The imaging findings most useful for differentiating hepatic venous tumor thrombus and bland thrombus will be highlighted and demonstrated with imaging examples. Imaging findings with implications for subsequent patient management will be described.
Incorporating Syllable Phonotactics to Improve Grapheme to Phoneme Translation

Grapheme to Phoneme (G2P) translation is a critical step in many natural language tasks such as text-to-speech production and automatic speech recognition. Most approaches to the G2P problem ignore phonotactical constraints and syllable structure information, and they rely on simple letter window features to produce pronunciations of words. We present a G2P translator which incorporates syllable structure into the prediction pipeline during structured prediction and re-ranking. In addition, most dictionaries contain only word-to-pronunciation pairs, which is a problem when trying to use these dictionaries as training data in a structured prediction approach to G2P translation. We present a number of improvements to the process of producing high-quality alignments of these pairs for training data. Together these two contributions improve the G2P word error rate (WER) on the CMUDict dataset by ~8%, achieving a new state-of-the-art accuracy level among open-source solutions.
Effects of Static vs. Tidal Hydraulic Conditions on Biogeochemical Processes in Mesocosms: Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (AHs)

This study addressed the feasibility and practical considerations related to the possible use of contaminated sediments in coastal wetland restoration and creation efforts. Dredge and other sediments are frequently contaminated with chemical pollutants, and large volumes of this potentially recoverable resource are disposed of in dumpsites rather than utilized. This work addresses the possible deployment of sediments contaminated with aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) in salt marsh creation efforts. The experimental system was a hydrodynamic mesocosm developed to study well-drained, permanently saturated-flooded and alternately flooded-drained (tidal) hydraulic effects on biogeochemical and plant processes. The target AHs for this work were naphthalene, phenanthrene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 1,3-dimethylnaphthalene, 3-methylphenanthrene, and 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene. The results of this work confirmed that different hydraulic conditions and the resultant biogeochemical properties of salt marshes influence the rate, transformation-time profile, and completeness of transformation of AHs in sediments. In general, the relative transformation rates for the AHs in the different systems examined here were drained/oxidized Eh ≥ tidal/oscillating Eh ≫ flood/reduced Eh, as observed previously with other classes of organic chemicals. The generation of hydroxylated AHs coincided with observed compound transformation profiles: decreases in target compounds on sediments were correlated with increases in hydroxylated AHs in the water. While well-drained aerobic conditions seem to be optimal for the transformation/depuration of AHs in salt marsh sediments, in natural settings this kind of system would not be a “wetland” either geohydrologically or with respect to vegetation. So, when evaluating the use of contaminated sediments in “wetland” construction or expansion, the relevant zones are streamside and marsh interior. This work indicates that AH contaminated sediments can be used, alone or mixed with clean sediments or other industrial materials (e.g., phosphogypsum and bauxite “red mud”), for wetland creation or enhancement. It would seem that either or both marsh locations (interior vs. streamside) are appropriate, at least with respect to rapid degradation and elimination of these AHs from the sediments. The tradeoff involves time and potential offsite risks: at streamside, the removal rates were twice as fast as and somewhat more complete than in the interior, but the action of the tides could mobilize contaminants to the estuary and beyond. The interior sediments will allow for less exchange of the pollutants with the estuarine water, but will take longer to depurate, particularly if the sediments become compacted.
Why Do We Tenure? Analysis of a Long Standing Risk-Based Explanation

Using a sample of all academics that pass through top 50 economics and finance departments between 1996 and 2014, we study whether the granting of tenure leads faculty to pursue riskier ideas. We use the extreme tails of ex-post citations as our measure of risk and find that both the number of publications and the portion that are “home runs” peak at tenure and fall steadily for a decade thereafter. Similar patterns holds for elite (top 10) institutions, for faculty with longer tenure cycles, and for promotion to Full Professorship. We find the opposite pattern among poorly-cited publications: their numbers steadily rise after tenure. The decline in both the quantity and quality of publications points to tenure incentivizing less effort in publishing rather than more risk-taking.
Empirical Systematics of Molecular Quadratic Optical Polarizability

The quadratic optical polarizabilities of an extensive set of donor-acceptor substituted conjugated organic and organometallic molecules has been studied with solution phase DC electric field induced second harmonic generation measurements. Structure-property relationships concerning substituents, substitution patterns, conjugation characteristics, mechanisms for nonlinearity, and property trade-offs are investigated through systematic structural modifications. Some general conclusions are summarized.
A Dissenting View from Julia Lane

The topic of the role of privacy and confidentiality in the use of administrative records for statistical purposes is an important one. In providing comments, I will draw extensively from my experience in working with fifty states and six federal agencies in creating the LEHD (Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics) program at the Census Bureau between 1997 (when I started my ASA fellowship) and 2004 (when the program became a fully-fledged Census Bureau program). However, I will also draw on my experience in building the LEED (Linked Employer-Employee Data) program at Statistics New Zealand, as well as my experience working with the data producers from many countries (both statistical agencies and administrative agencies) while in my World Bank consultancy. The final context is my experience with cyberinfrastructure initiatives within the United States, as well as in Europe.
The Virgin Mary, Monotheism, and Sacrifice: Mary, Priesthood, and Paternity in the Protoevangelion and the Qur'an

The boundary, which they call by many names, has two functions; one that stabilizes, the other that divides. In stabilizing and establishing, it is the cross; in dividing and bounding it is the boundary. attributed to Valentinian Ptolemy Joseph, I see with my eyes two peoples, one weeping and lamenting and one rejoicing and exulting. Mary, in the Protoevangelion of James I n many ways, the figure of mary both accentuates some problems with the new Christian cult and offers a number of typological solutions. On the one hand, Mary's universal motherhood, her ethereal quality, her virginal conception of her son, together with that female connection to all that is “other” and outside the normal boundaries of patriarchy she sometimes signifies, all contribute to the expansion and dissemination of the religious formation she helps to inaugurate. On the other hand, Mary's human identity, her role as a New Abraham and Daughter of Zion, her close association with her son and his sacrifice on the cross, and her own impeccable lineage and faithful obedience prevent her from drifting too far free of the past and enable her to represent continuity as well as rupture. We have seen how closely linked she is through imagery, vision and logic, to the cultic life of Israel and its discourse of sacrifice. At the same time, she signals the revaluation of that discourse and a series of breaks with in it that will increase in intensity over time, and she signals these not only by her role as pillar of orthodoxy with respect to Christian cultic and sacrificial issues but by her gender as well.
Online Learning of Approximate Dependency Parsing Algorithms.

In this paper we extend the maximum spanning tree (MST) dependency parsing framework of McDonald et al. (2005c) to incorporate higher-order feature representations and allow dependency structures with multiple parents per word. We show that those extensions can make the MST framework computationally intractable, but that the intractability can be circumvented with new approximate parsing algorithms. We conclude with experiments showing that discriminative online learning using those approximate algorithms achieves the best reported parsing accuracy for Czech and Danish.
The phospholipase C isozymes and their regulation.

The physiological effects of many extracellular neurotransmitters, hormones, growth factors, and other stimuli are mediated by receptor-promoted activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and consequential activation of inositol lipid signaling pathways. These signaling responses include the classically described conversion of phosphatidylinositol(4,5)P2 to the Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger inositol(1,4,5)P3 and the protein kinase C-activating second messenger diacylglycerol as well as alterations in membrane association or activity of many proteins that harbor phosphoinositide binding domains. The 13 mammalian PLCs elaborate a minimal catalytic core typified by PLC-d to confer multiple modes of regulation of lipase activity. PLC-b isozymes are activated by Gaq- and Gbg-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, and activation of PLC-g isozymes occurs through phosphorylation promoted by receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. PLC-e and certain members of the PLC-b and PLC-g subclasses of isozymes are activated by direct binding of small G proteins of the Ras, Rho, and Rac subfamilies of GTPases. Recent high resolution three dimensional structures together with biochemical studies have illustrated that the X/Y linker region of the catalytic core mediates autoinhibition of most if not all PLC isozymes. Activation occurs as a consequence of removal of this autoinhibition.
Retinal Ganglion Cell Replacement: A Bridge to the Brain

An estimated 3% of the global population over 40 years of age currently has glaucoma. The early onset of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) loss (before significant changes in vision occur) and the lack of regenerative capacity in the mammalian retina (Samuel et al., J Neurosci 31(44):16033–16044, 2011) limit potential therapeutic options. For a long time the replacement of RGCs as a therapy for glaucoma and other optic neuropathies was not considered as a potential strategy because of the perceived inability of mature RGCs to regrow full-length axons and reach relevant targets in the brain. However, recent optic nerve (Bei et al., Cell 164(1–2):219–232, 2016; Lim et al., Nat Neurosci 19(8):1073–1084, 2016) and spinal cord regeneration studies, together with developments in pluripotent and retinal cell biology, as well as pilot RGC transplantation experiments (Hertz et al., Cell Transplant 23(7):855–872, 2013; Venugopalan et al., Nat Commun 7:10472, 2016), demonstrate that it may be possible to restore the RGC population in the retina and regrow the optic nerve.
Opening the tap: Increased riverine connectivity strengthens marine food web pathways

Reduction of ecosystem connectivity has long-lasting impacts on food webs. Anadromous fish, which migrate from marine to freshwater ecosystems to complete reproduction, have seen their historically larger ecosystem role undercut by widespread riverine habitat fragmentation and other impacts mainly derived from anthropogenic sources. The result has been extensive extirpations and increased susceptibility to a suite of environmental factors that currently impede recovery. Under this present-day context of reduced productivity and connectivity, aggressive management actions and enforcement of catch limits including bycatch caps and complete moratoria on harvest have followed. What remains less understood are the implications of changes to food webs that co-occurred. What benefits restoration could provide in terms of ecosystem functioning in relation to economic costs associated with dam removal and remediation is unknown and can limit the scope and value of restoration activities. Here we employ, historical landscape-based biomass estimates of anadromous alosine for the first time in an ecosystem modeling of the Northeast US large marine ecosystem (LME), to evaluate the value of improving connectivity by measuring the increase in energy flow and population productivity. We compared a restored alosine model to a contemporary model, analyzing the impacts of the potential increase of connectivity between riverine and oceanic systems. There was the potential for a moderate biomass increase of piscivorous species with high economic value, including Atlantic cod, and for a major increase for species of conservation concern such as pelagic sharks, seabirds and marine mammals. Our study highlights the benefits of increased connectivity between freshwater and ocean ecosystems. We demonstrate the significant role anadromous forage fish could play in improving specific fisheries and overall ecosystem functioning, mainly through the diversification of species capable of transferring primary production to upper trophic levels, adding to benefits associated with their restoration.
Improving oil recovery from shale oil reservoirs using cyclic cold carbon dioxide injection – An experimental study

Abstract In this study, effects of injecting gas temperature and pressure on oil recovery factor (RF) of shale oil reservoirs were investigated by implementing cyclic cold carbon dioxide (CO2) injection on Eagle Ford Shale Oil core samples. Also, effects of injecting gas temperature on porosity, permeability, and brittleness indices of these core samples were assessed. An experimental setup was designed and built to implement CO2 cyclic gas injection and thermal shock tests. Four Eagle Ford Shale outcrop core samples were used in this study. The saturated samples were heated to 180°F and carbon dioxide at various combinations of pressure (1000 psi, 2000 psi, 3000 psi, and 4000 psi) and temperature (−15°F, 0°F, 32°F, and 74°F) was injected into them. Oil RF for each experiment was measured after five days of production period. Additionally, porosity, permeability and ultrasonic velocity of each core sample were measured both prior to and after conducting the experiment. The results indicate that injecting CO2 at low temperature results in higher oil recovery factor (up to 7%) than injecting carbon dioxide at ambient temperature. It was also observed that injecting cold CO2 enhanced both porosities and permeabilities of the core samples. The porosities and the permeabilities of the core samples enhanced by up to 3.5% and 8.8%, respectively. Also, a noticeable reduction (between 100 ft/s and 400 ft/s) in P-wave velocity was observed after injecting the cold gas into the core samples, which is an indication of creating induced fractures. The results also revealed that injecting the cold gas increased the brittleness indices of the core samples by up to 8. Hence, cyclic cold carbon dioxide injection could be potentially implemented in the shale oil fields to improve the efficiency of the current industry practice of cyclic gas injection technique.
Teaching practices and student engagement in early adolescence: A longitudinal study using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System

Abstract Student engagement in schoolwork is crucial for positive academic adjustment, particularly during early adolescence. We investigated how observations of teaching practices predicted change in student behavioral and emotional engagement. In the fall, we examined teacher behavior in 54 fifth and sixth grade classrooms through external observers' reports of 11 dimensions of teachers’ practices (Classroom Assessment Scoring System, CLASS). Students reported on their behavioral and emotional engagement in the fall and spring. We found quality feedback was the strongest predictor of behavioral engagement and regard for student perspective was the strongest emotional engagement. Our findings were more nuanced for what predicts behavioral engagement, as there is evidence that other teaching practices work in conjunction with quality feedback to predict behavioral engagement.
Quantifying the effects of pop-up satellite archival tags on the swimming performance and behavior of young-adult mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)

Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) have been used to demonstrate habitat utilization and large-scale migrations of aquatic species and are a critical tool to manage highly migratory fish popula...
The Allegory of the Dangerous Intersection: A Structural View of Law Enforcement and Social Problems

Recent events in the United States have challenged the law enforcement approach to policing. Some groups have called for the defunding of the police. Many claim the problems in policing are structural rather than simply the result of “bad apple” cops. This claim is somewhat ambiguous and so this chapter explores the law enforcement approach to social problems via an allegory of a dangerous intersection. The chapter highlights three levels of social structure that affect police outcomes: (1) structured inequality (wealthy and poor), (2) structured patterns of interactions shaped by inequality, and (3) the structured nature of the law enforcement approach to policing and the way this is internalised in officers as “common sense.” The chapter ends with a few concluding observations and recommendations for police reform.
2-ns Electrostimulation of Ca2+ Influx into Chromaffin Cells: Rapid Modulation by Field Reversal.

Abstract Cellular effects of nanosecond-pulsed electric field exposures can be attenuated by an electric field reversal, a phenomenon called bipolar pulse cancellation. Our investigations of this phenomenon in neuroendocrine adrenal chromaffin cells show that a single 2-ns, 16 MV/m unipolar pulse elicited a rapid, transient rise in intracellular Ca2+ levels due to Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated calcium channels. The response was eliminated by a 2-ns bipolar pulse with positive and negative phases of equal duration and amplitude and fully restored (unipolar-equivalent response) when the delay between each phase of the bipolar pulse was 30 ns. Longer interphase intervals evoked Ca2+ responses that were greater in magnitude than those evoked by a unipolar pulse (stimulation). Cancellation was also observed when the amplitude of the second (negative) phase of the bipolar pulse was half that of the first (positive) phase but progressively lost as the amplitude of the second phase was incrementally increased above that of the first phase. When the amplitude of the second phase was twice that of the first phase, there was stimulation. By comparing the experimental results for each manipulation of the bipolar pulse waveform with analytical calculations of capacitive membrane charging/discharging, also known as accelerated membrane discharge mechanism, we show that the transition from cancellation to unipolar-equivalent stimulation broadly agrees with this model. Taken as a whole, our results demonstrate that electrostimulation of adrenal chromaffin cells with ultrashort pulses can be modulated with interphase intervals of tens of nanoseconds, a prediction of the accelerated membrane discharge mechanism not previously observed in other bipolar pulse cancellation studies. Such modulation of Ca2+ responses in a neural-type cell is promising for the potential use of nanosecond bipolar pulse technologies for remote electrostimulation applications for neuromodulation.
Fatigability of the external anal sphincter muscles using a novel strength training resistance exercise device.

Fecal incontinence is a distressing disorder with a mainstay of treatment being pelvic floor muscle exercises. However, none of these exercises has proven occurrence of fatigability, which is an im...
Electromyography activity of the teres minor muscle with varying positions of horizontal abduction in the quadruped position.

Background The teres minor (TMi) muscle exposed relatively high activity during the acceleration and deceleration phases of the throwing motion, compared with the infraspinatus muscle. However, few studies have identified TMi muscle activity in intervention exercises. The purpose of this study was to investigate TMi muscle activities in different horizontal adduction positions in the quadruped horizontal abduction exercise. This study hypothesized that TMi muscle activity would differ in response to resistance application across different horizontal adduction positions. Materials and methods Nineteen collegiate baseball players volunteered their participation. Raw electromyography activity of the TMi muscle along with 7 different muscles attached to the scapula on the dominant-side were collected, and normalized by each of the corresponding maximum voluntary isometric contractions. All subjects performed manual isometric resistance horizontal abduction exercises at 90° and 135° of abduction with 3 horizontal adduction angles in the quadruped position: 1) coronal, 2) scapular, and 3) sagittal plane. Electromyography data were also collected from rhythmical concentric contraction of horizontal abduction at 90° of abduction in the quadruped position. Results TMi muscle activity was significantly greater with the arm positioned in the coronal plane than that of the scapular and sagittal planes (41, 26, and 17% maximum voluntary isometric contraction, respectively) (P Conclusion The present study demonstrated that TMi muscle activity varied depending on horizontal adduction positions.
An Analysis of Health Care Systems in Two Countries Through Determining Public Satisfaction

According to the World Health Organization’s twenty-first century health care system rankings, Costa Rica ranked 36th in terms of health system performance, while the United States ranked 37th in the world.1 The rankings are based on five composite indicators determined by public health experts: (1) overall level of population health, (2) health disparities and inequalities, (3) level of health system responsiveness, (4) distribution of responsiveness within the population and (5) distribution of financial burden within the population.1 To understand what makes one health system better than another, it is pertinent to analyze them from different perspectives. Public health experts may be able to quantitatively determine if one system is better than another, but it is necessary to also incorporate viewpoints of the general population.2 The purpose of this research is to investigate why the United States and Costa Rica are so closely ranked, even though their health systems are so different. To do so, interviews were conducted in both countries to determine public satisfaction with health care. Through statistical analysis, this study shows that there is a significant difference between the public satisfaction of participants in the United States and Costa Rica with the health care systems. Thus, in order to truly understand how effective a health care system is, it is beneficial to consider public opinion in addition to expert views. Future research may benefit from incorporating a larger-scale version of this study with the World Health Organization’s findings, so as to combine public satisfaction and expert opinion and more effectively analyze health systems.
The effect of religious commitment and global identity on purchase intention of luxury fashion products: A cross-cultural study

Abstract Drawing insights from social identity theory, this research investigates the interactive effects among consumers’ perceived social value, religious commitment, and global identity on their purchase intention of luxury fashion products in a cross-cultural context. In a study of 307 American and 283 Thai participants, this research shows that consumers’ perceived social value is positively related to the purchase intention of luxury goods in both countries. It also finds that global identity enhances the positive relationship between perceived social value and luxury purchase intention in both countries. Interestingly, this research shows that consumers’ religious commitment escalates the positive relationship between perceived social value and purchase intention of luxury goods if religious commitment is low in Thailand but it is high in the U.S. The analysis result of this study provides ample theoretical and managerial implications.