cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A role for ATPase in the mechanisms of ATP-dependent Ca and phosphate deposition by isolated rachitic matrix vesicles.

Physiological levels of ATP support mammalian matrix vesicle-mediated calcium deposition although the released Pi from ATP did not cause the [Ca] × [PO 4 ] ion product to exceed the threshold for spontaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate (Hsu, Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1116, 227–233, 1992). The aim of this report was to see if a specific ATPase is involved in ATP-stimulated Ca 2+ and phosphate deposition. Since ATP can be non-specifically cleaved by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), thus obscuring a specific ATPase activity, phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) which selectively removes ALP from isolated matrix vesicle membranes and l -tetramisole (LT), a specific ALP inhibitor were used to allow studies on specific membrane associated ATPase. The specific ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Ca and P deposition were then tested for their correlation. [ γ - 32 P]ATP hydrolytic activity of PI-PLC-released alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was not stimulated by Ca 2+ whereas membrane-associated ATPase was stimulated dose-dependently by addition of Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ . LT at 1 mM completely inhibited solubilized ALP activity whereas it only partially inhibited membrane ATPase activity. The apparent affinity of membrane ATPase, [K 0.5 ], for Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and ATP was 10, 20, and 49 μ M, respectively. Membrane perturbing agents such as 1% Triton X-100 or 5% butanol abolished either Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ stimulation of membrane associated ATPase. The ALP-depleted matrix vesicles with ATPase activity was able to deposit both Ca and Pi when ATP was present in calcifying media. In contrast, PI-PLC released ALP failed to deposit Ca or Pi. ATP-dependent Ca and P depositing activity by matrix vesicles was completely inhibited when the membrane was ruptured by 10% butanol. The high affinity of ATPase for Ca 2+ and ATP, insensitivity of ATPase and ATP-dependent Ca and P depositing activities to LT or PI-PLC treatments, and membrane dependence of stimulation of ATPase by Ca 2+ suggest the presence of a specific ATPase responsible for a part of [ γ - 32 P]ATP hydrolysis and involved in ATP-dependent deposition of Ca and phosphate by matrix vesicles.
Practical guide to understanding the value of case reports

Case reports have been vital to the advancement of medicine, providing a mechanism for scholarly education and for sharing new discovery and rare observations. However, journals are increasingly reluctant to publish this type of manuscript. Additionally, case reports and limited case series are infrequently cited, potentially interfering with the impact factor of a journal. The increasing emphasis on evidence-based medicine may have artificially decreased the value of case reports. This article describes the value of case reports to medicine, citing 3 examples that have significantly improved the practice of medicine. We also provide criteria for effective reporting, which include the elements of both surprise and closure. In summary, we offer support for the contention that case reports are fundamental to the scholarly practice of medicine and enhance the intent of a quality medical journal.
The evaluation of corrosion protection measures for metal matrix composites

Abstract Corrosion protection of metal matrix composites (MMC) by anodizing or by application of a polymer coating has been evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for SiC/Al, graphite/Al and graphite/Mg during exposure to a NaCl solution. Improvements in the corrosion resistance are observed for the coated MMCs. The properties of the anodic film on SiC/Al differ from those for the corresponding Al alloys.
“But I’m attracted to women”: Sexuality and sexual identity performance in interactional discourse among bisexual students

This paper examines the understudied and stigmatized sexual category of “bisexuality” as it emerges in the discourse of bisexuals at a California university. Building on the concepts of performance and “doing” identity presented by Butler (2006 [1990]), Goffman (1990 [1959]), and West and Zimmerman (1987), an outline is offered for how bisexuals, who are made invisible by the hetero/homo binary, may build an intelligible social performance of their identity and sexuality. Utilizing methods from within sociocultural linguistics (i.e., “the broad interdisciplinary field concerned with the intersection of language, culture, and society” [Bucholtz & Hall 2005: 586]), this paper uses ethnographic observations and video-recorded social interaction in order to analyze how bisexuality is performed in social contexts, with a focus on its performance in discourse. The paper closes with a critique of the ways that normativity operates alongside efforts at social resistance and an exploration of the relationship between different layers of sexuality.
Coarctation of the aorta in siblings

Summary Coarctation of the aorta in two siblings is described. A third sib has bilateral congenital cataracts. The etiology of congenital heart disease with emphasis on its familial occurrence is briefly discussed.
Involving Undergraduates in the Annotation and Analysis of Global Gene Expression Studies: Creation of a Maize Shoot Apical Meristem Expression Database

Through a multi-university and interdisciplinary project we have involved undergraduate biology and computer science research students in the functional annotation of maize genes and the analysis of their microarray expression patterns. We have created a database to house the results of our functional annotation of >4400 genes identified as being differentially regulated in the maize shoot apical meristem (SAM). This database is located at http://sam.truman.edu and is now available for public use. The undergraduate students involved in constructing this unique SAM database received hands-on training in an intellectually challenging environment, which has prepared them for graduate and professional careers in biological sciences. We describe our experiences with this project as a model for effective research-based teaching of undergraduate biology and computer science students, as well as for a rich professional development experience for faculty at predominantly undergraduate institutions.
Processing of Photosensitive Polyimides for Packaging Applications

Photosensitive polyimides have been investigated as substitutes for a standard aqueous base-etchable polyimide. The application uses a ceramic base module on which two layers of metal circuits are separated by a polyimide dielectric. Using a photosensitive polyimide reduces the number of steps and shortens the process time required to form the via interconnections. Processing properties and material properties were studied to select a material which would give optimum throughput. The photosensitive polyimides investigated were primarily developed for IC processing; adaption to packaging applications requires adjustment of processes. Polyimide application, drying, baking, exposure, developing, and final cure must be optimized to use these materials successfully.
Accumulation of Leginsulin, a Hormone-Like Bioactive Peptide, is Drastically Higher in Asian than in North American Soybean Accessions

Leginsulin, a peptide made up of 37 amino acids, is homologous to pea (Pisum sativum L.) albumin (PA1b) and belongs to the cysteine-knot family. Even though the physiological function and threedimensional structure of leginsulin have been explored, little is known about its expression, accumulation, and distribution among soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accessions. An antibody generated against leginsulin was used to screen a diverse array of soybean accessions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection to identify soybean accessions that are enriched in leginsulin. Analysis of 50% isopropanol-soluble proteins from 485 soybean lines by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) and western blot analysis enabled the identifi cation of 75 accessions that signifi cantly accumulated leginsulin. Remarkably, all these accessions with the exception of two had their origin from Japan, Korea, or China. Leginsulin was barely detected in most of the commercial North American soybean cultivars used in this study. Western blot analysis revealed low accumulation of leginsulin in the embryonic axis but not in the cotyledons of North American soybean cultivar Williams 82 while in the Chinese PI 458249 leginsulin was abundantly present in both types of tissue. Examination of the soybean cultivar Williams 82 genome sequence revealed the presence of two homologous leginsulin genes (Gm13 g26330 [leginsulin 1] and Gm13 g26340 [leginsulin 2]) on chromosome 13. We have cloned the two leginsulin genes from PI 458249 and found them to be highly similar to that of Williams 82. Northern blot analysis indicated that leginsulin messenger RNA (mRNA) was abundant in Williams 82 embryonic axis but not in the cotyledon. In contrast, leginsulin mRNA was abundantly present in PI 458249, both in the embryonic axis and the cotyledons.
Electromagnetic transmission and reflection characteristics of anisotropic multilayered structures

A rigorous electromagnetic analysis method, using a 4 × 4 matrix formulation in combination with discrete Fourier-transform techniques, is presented as a straightforward way of analyzing the optical transmission and reflection characteristics of anisotropic multilayered structures. Three examples illustrating the method are presented. First, the previous ellipsometric and polarimetric work of Zander et al. [ Optik70, 6 ( 1985)] is extended to cases in which coupling between orthogonally polarized plane waves exists at interfaces. Second, Williamson’s multiple-pass birefringent spectral filter [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.61, 767 ( 1971)] is reevaluated; results including and excluding interference effects are presented. Third, the design of a new, very-narrow-band (typically 0.01 nm), tunable spectral filter called the Fabry–Perot/Solc filter is introduced. Several versions of the Fabry–Perot/Solc filter, each employing different materials, are analyzed. One version exhibits a total tuning range of 40 nm, and another version has an effective finesse of approximately 1300.
Healthcare employees' progression through disability benefits.

Progression of Disability Benefits (PODB) refers to the migration of workers with work-limiting disabilities through a system of economic disability benefits that result in their ultimate placement into the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) system (16). Specifically, this migration involves a "progression" from short-term disability (STD) to long-term disability (LTD) to SSDI income. This project uses Chi-squared Automatic Interaction (CHAID) Technique to study the Healthcare industry, the largest industry in the United States, and its PODB experience. The first part of the study analyzes if claimant demographic (age, gender, disability type) and PODB data (movement from STD to LTD to SSDI) can be used to predict employer industry (dependent variable). Gender was the most significant predictor, while men working outside of Healthcare had the greatest amount of progression to advanced disability levels. The second part of the study assesses if the PODB experience could be predicted through claimant demographics and the sub-set industry within Healthcare in which claimants' were employed. The resulting dendogram reveals that disability type was the strongest predictor of claimant movement through disability benefits levels. Age was the second strongest predictor for all but 1 category of disability type, in which the Healthcare sector was the strongest predictor.
Reduced complexity MAPSD algorithms with spatial diversity for TDMA mobile radio signal recovery

The optimal blind maximum a posteriori symbol detection (MAPSD) algorithm for spatial diversity combining is derived. This diversity MAPSD (DMAPSD) algorithm is applied to a time division multiple access (TDMA) system for the recovery of mobile radio signals. Lower complexity DMAPSD algorithms are described, and their error rate performance for fast fading channels is studied via computer simulations. The results indicate that the proposed MAP detectors provide SNR gains of 6-13 dB over a zero-forcing decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). >
Mathematics, theory, and entrepreneurship

Abstract Physics, engineering, and economics make extensive use of mathematics. However, mathematics is rarely utilized in organizational studies. This is unfortunate because mathematics is an effective tool for describing phenomena, building new theories, or refining existing theories. This article proposes the use of mathematics to the broader management communities of scholars as a means of invigorating theory development. A description of the strengths of a mathematical approach to theory development offers a compelling argument for its use in organizational studies. We demonstrate how a mathematical model conforms to the broader philosophy of science requirements, and review optimization models as potent research methods. Applications of these methodologies to the context of entrepreneurship illustrate how one can build new theories and refine existing ones.
ESTABLISHING THE GINGIVAL EMERGENCE PROFILE OF RESTORATIONS BY USING A RESILIENT GINGIVAL REPLICA

All references to gingival morphology are destroyed once the die is trimmed during construction of crowns, onlays, or veneers. The need for reconstruction of a gingival replica to assist in the reproduction of a restoration's gingival contour and emergence profile is discussed. A simple, practical approach to duplicate the natural sulcus and free gingival morphology with currently available materials is presented. The advantages and limitations of implementing this technique and its multiple uses in prosthodontic and implant reconstructions and implant cases are presented.
Fitness of karyotypes in Drosophila pseudoobscura.

In the dynamics of the survival of chromosomal polymorphism selection may be operating at the genic level, at the chromosomal level or at the supergene level. Tests designed to distinguish between these levels were run on Drosophila pseudoobscura. There was no evidence for heterosis, a necessary requirement for gene-determined chromosomal polymorphism. A strong chromosmal selection was observed. No evidence was found for the presence within one locality of more than a single superallele for each supergene (= gene order). These results are compared to those found by others.
Review Essay: Old Concerns and New Plays in the Theater of Genocide

This review essay describes and evaluates the theatrical strategies and dramatic contributions of seven stage productions that represent recent examples of the Theater of Genocide. Taken together, they deal with Bosnia (Roel Adam), Cambodia (Catherine Filloux), Congo (Lynn Nottage), Darfur (Winter Miller), and Rwanda (Erik Ehn, J.T. Rogers and Dorcey Rugamba). The author focuses on a number of major issues in theater criticism: (a) the nature and effectiveness of empathy, (b) the use of white, Western characters to serve as surrogates for white, Western audiences' emotional investment in the stories, and (c) the artistic use of historical events for theatrical, humane purposes. The essay strongly articulates the need of genocide scholarship to include discussions of the arts as it addresses the universal problem of human violence and the wholesale murder of innocents.
Sex differences in the cardiovascular and renal actions of vasopressin in conscious rats

The present study was carried out to investigate whether prostaglandins (PG) are involved in the mechanism that contributes to the sex difference in the antidiuretic and pressor actions of vasopressin. The experiments were performed in conscious male and nonestrous female rats. In hydrated rats, the graded infusion of vasopressin (10-1,000 pg.min 1.kg body wt-1) resulted in a dose-dependent antidiuresis: decreases in urine flow and free water clearance and an increase in urine osmolality. These responses were significantly greater in male than in nonestrous female rats. Pretreatment with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (10 mg/kg body wt iv), significantly enhanced the antidiuretic response to vasopressin in both sexes. However, the magnitude of this enhancement was greater in female than in male rats. Thus indomethacin abolished the sex difference in the antidiuretic response to vasopressin. In a separate experiment in rats without water hydration and urine collection, infusion of pressor doses of vasopressin (1,000-6,000 pg.min-1.kg body wt-1) resulted in a greater increase in blood pressure in male than in nonestrous female rats. Treatment with indomethacin enhanced this response equivalently in both sexes and thus did not affect the sex difference in the pressor action of vasopressin. These data indicate that renal PG may mediate, at least in part, the sex difference in the antidiuretic action of vasopressin, whereas vascular PG seem not to play an important role in the sex difference in the pressor action of vasopressin.
New evidence on the role of remittances on healthcare expenditures by Mexican households

Using Mexico’s 2002 wave of the Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH), we find that international remittances raise health care expenditures. Approximately 6 pesos of every 100 peso increment in remittance income are spent on health. The sensitivity of health care expenditures to variations in the level of international remittances is almost three times greater than their sensitivity to changes in other sources of household income. Furthermore, health care expenditures are less responsive to remittance income among lower-income households. Since the lower responsiveness may be partially due to participation of lower-income households in public programs like PROGRESA (now called Oportunidades), we also analyze the impact of remittances by health care coverage. As expected, we find that households with some kind of health care coverage—either through their jobs or via participation in PROGRESA—spend less of remittance income increments on health care than households lacking any health care coverage. Hence, remittances may help equalize health care expenditures across households with and without health care coverage.
Analysis of the Variation in the Main Beam Characteristics of Phase Array Radars when introduced to a Shock Environment

Phase array radars are designed to tight tolerances in order to meet exact design constraints placed upon the characteristics of their main beam. A numerical and statistical approach will be utilized to investigate the variation of the following key parameters; gain degradation, side-lobe perturbation, beam width variation and beam pointing error (BPE). Their subsequent effect on normal operation of the radar will be looked at in detail in this paper.
The Connection between the Boreal Spring Southern Oscillation Persistence Barrier and Biennial Variability

Abstract Previous work has shown that the widely used Tahiti minus Darwin Southern Oscillation index has a sharp decrease in persistence in the boreal spring. It is suggested that this persistence barrier is due to a purely biennial oscillation B(t) embedded in the Southern Oscillation index. The analysis shows that the Southern Oscillation index S(t) may be written S(t) ≈ B(t)L(t) + M(t),where B(t) has a zero in May and L(t) and M(t) vary interannually and decadally. Since L is time dependent with negligible mean S(t) does not have a biennial peak even though B(t) is present. The persistence barrier strengthens and weakens decadally as L and M vary decadally. For example, during 1975–84 BL dominates M and the persistence barrier is strong while for the decade 1940–49 BL is negligible and the persistence barrier disappears.
THE FAST EFFECT IN URANIUM AND BERYLLIUM SYSTEMS

A Monte Carlo code is used to calculate the fast fission factor epsilon and the fast fission ratio delta in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. The following results are obtained: for an infinite block of natural uranium, delta = 0.39, epsilon = 1.247; for an infinite block of beryllium, epsilon = 1.078; for beryllium oxide, = 1.046. In addition, results are given for homogeneous mixtures of uranium and beryllium. Calculations are also carried out for uranium-water lattices and compared with experimental results for slightly enriched uranium rods and slabs, and uranium oxide rods. Other results show the increase in epsilon when uranium fuel elements are surrounded by beryllium cladding of varying thickness. (auth)
Prospective pilot investigation of 18F-NaF PET/CT for identification of thoracolumbar compression fractures amenable to vertebroplasty

89 Objectives Evaluate the adjunctive value of 18F NaF PET/CT in patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures to optimize selection of the most suitable patients and specific vertebral sites that would benefit from vertebroplasty. Methods 14 patients with known thoracolumbar compression fractures found on MRI and/or CT were imaged with 18F NaF PET/CT to assess the presence/absence of focal radiotracer uptake at the compression fracture. All compression fractures with focally elevated NaF activity were treated with vertebroplasty; compression fractures that were negative for NaF activity were not treated by vertebroplasty. Results Overall, abnormal radiotracer uptake was present within compressed vertebral bodies in 12 of 14 patients. Of these 12, 4 patients (30%) had multiple (2-3) compression fractures that demonstrated radiotracer uptake, all of which were subsequently treated; clinical follow-up confirmed significantly improved to resolved pain at six weeks. Two patients had radiotracer uptake at a single thoracic compression fracture; subsequent vertebroplasty led to a good clinical outcome at five weeks follow-up. In 6 additional patients (50%), there was radiotracer uptake at two separate levels, one of which had been previously treated with vertebroplasty; subsequent intervention at the untreated level in these 6 patients was associated with significantly improved clinical symptoms. Two patients had a thoracic compression fracture with relative decreased NaF uptake compared to adjacent levels; no vertebroplasty was performed and they were treated conservatively. Conclusions In this pilot investigation, 18F NaF PET/CT identified NaF-avid compression fractures in symptomatic patients. Targeted vertebroplasty of NaF-avid sites was associated with significantly improved clinical symptoms.
Achieving Equity in an Evolving Healthcare System: Opportunities and Challenges

For decades, disparities in health have been well documented in the United States and regrettably, remain prevalent despite evidence and appeals for their elimination. Compared with the majority, racial and ethnic minorities continue to have poorer health status and health outcomes for most chronic conditions, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cancer and end-stage renal disease. Many factors, such as affordability, access and diversity in the healthcare system, influence care and outcomes, creating challenges that make the task of eliminating health disparities and achieving health equity daunting and elusive. Novel strategies are needed to bring about much needed change in the complex and evolving United States healthcare system. Although not exhaustive, opportunities such as (1) developing standardized race measurements across health systems, (2) implementing effective interventions, (3) improving workforce diversity, (4) using technological advances and (5) adopting practices such as personalized medicine may serve as appropriate starting points for moving toward health equity. Over the past several decades, diversity in the U.S. population has increased significantly and is expected to increase exponentially in the near future. As the population becomes more diverse, it is important to recognize the possibilities of new and emerging disparities. It is imperative that steps are taken to eliminate the current gap in care and prevent new disparities from developing. Therefore, we present challenges and offer recommendations for facilitating the process of eliminating health disparities and achieving health equity across diverse populations.
How the kinetochore switches off the spindle assembly checkpoint

The eukaryotic kinetochore senses whether or not it is attached to spindle microtubules. If unattached, it activates the signaling cascade of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) and delays cell d...
Preferred Child Body Size and Parental Underestimation of Child Weight in Mexican-American Families.

Objective To determine whether parents who prefer a heavier child would underestimate their child's weight more than those who prefer a leaner child. Methods Participants were Mexican-American families (312 mothers, 173 fathers, and 312 children ages 8-10) who were interviewed and had height and weight measurements. Parents reported their preferred child body size and their perceptions of their child's weight. Parents' underestimation of their child's weight was calculated as the standardized difference between parent's perception of their child's weight and the child's body mass index (BMI) z-score. Demographic factors and parental BMI were also assessed. Results Although 50 % of children were overweight or obese, only 11 % of mothers and 10 % of fathers perceived their children as being somewhat or very overweight. Multiple regressions controlling for covariates (parental BMI and child age) showed that parents who preferred a heavier child body size underestimated their children's weight more, compared to those who preferred a leaner child (β for mothers = .13, p < .03; β for fathers = .17, p < .03). Conclusions for Practice Parents who preferred a heavier child body size underestimated their child's weight to a greater degree than parents who preferred a leaner child. Attempts by pediatricians to correct parents' misperceptions about child weight may damage rapport and ultimately fail if the misperception is actually a reflection of parents' preferences, which may not be readily amenable to change. Future research should address optimal methods of communication about child overweight which take into account parent preferences.
Characterization of Plasticity in Bimaterial Interface Fracture by STM

The Scanning Tunneling Microscope was used as a surface profilometer to image fractured interfaces of a model metal/ceramic system, Au/sapphire. By characterizing the metal side of interface fracture, features related to plastic deformation were quantified. The spatial resolution of STM allowed these measurements to be made down to the nanometer scale. Mathematical techniques were developed to characterize surface features on several size scales and to relate them to the mechanisms from which they were produced.
The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit, Community Development, and Fair Housing: A Response to Orfield et al.

In their recent article, “High Costs and Segregation in Subsidized Housing Policy,” Orfield, Stancil, Luce, and Myott, argue that the placement of subsidized rental housing for low-income people in...
Comparison of the Lipids in Maternal and Cord Blood and of Human Amniotic Fluid.

SummaryA paper chromatographic analysis of the lipids in maternal and cord blood and human amniotic fluid was made. The reduced lipid content of cord blood was confined to the plasma where phosphatidyl ethanolamine and the corresponding plasmalogen were disproportionately reduced. The amniotic fluid had a number of PAS positive components not observed in blood cells or plasma.
PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME ACTIVITY AND PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM SPOROGONIC DEVELOPMENT IN THREE SPECIES OF ANOPHELES MOSQUITOES

If proteolytic enzymes affect the innate vector competence of Anopheles mosquitoes for Plasmodium infections, then mechanistic effects should be most pronounced at the zygote to ookinete developmental transition. Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles gambiae, and Anopheles albimanus exhibit excellent, good, and poor susceptibility to P. falciparum, respectively. Aminopeptidase and trypsin activity were determined relative to the kinetics of P. falciparum ookinete development in these 3 Anopheles species. Ookinetes in A. freeborni, A. gambiae, and A. albimanus were first observed at 18 hr postinfection. For separate infection experiments, peak parasite densities were observed at either 18, 24, or 30 hr for A. albimanus, at 24 or 30 hr for A. freeborni, and at either 24, 30, or 36 hr for A. gambiae. Although the 3 species supported ookinete development equally, they had significantly different oocyst infection rates. Similar patterns of aminopeptidase activity were observed for the most susceptible species, A. freeborni, and the least susceptible species, A. albimanus. Anopheles gambiae had the lowest levels of aminopeptidase. Anopheles freeborni also had higher levels of trypsin activity than either A. albimanus or A. gambiae. Irrespective of differences in innate vector competence, the 3 species showed peak levels of aminopeptidase and trypsin that were coincident with peak ookinete densities. Thus, the close correspondence between the kinetics of ookinetes and enzymes associated with bloodmeal digestion indicates that proteolytic enzymes alone do not limit the early stages of sporogonic development in vector species of Anopheles.
790 Effect of Phototherapy on Episodes of Apnea and Bradycardia in Preterm Infants Breathing Spontaneously

Background and Aims We asked whether rates of apnea and bradycardia increase during phototherapy in preterm infants breathing spontaneously. Methods Preterm infants (n=60, median gestational age 29 weeks (range 24–32), birth weight 1205 g (630–1750), age at study 3 d (1–10) receiving phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin 8.5 (4.2–16.1) mg/dl) underwent continuous registration of body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and transcutaneous (tc) pCO2 for 12 h (3 h before, 6 h during, 3 h after phototherapy). Rates of bradycardia (heart rate Results Body temperature (37.0/37.1/37.2°C; p Conclusions Phototherapy was not associated with increased cardiorespiratory instability. Unexpectedly, episodes of apnea and bradycardia decreased significantly during the first 3 hours after phototherapy.
Challenges in Emerging Biotechnology

For research and development work, unlike “pure” scientific research, there is a definite final goal: the solution to a specific problem, or a new product developed to fill a particular market niche. As multiple and interactive forces have increasingly arisen to complicate the R&D process, sustained confidence in ultimate success has become essential. This essay examines the bases for such confidence in the field of biotechnology and suggests practical ways to validate their existence.
Design synthesis of the SEPS

This paper summarizes the most current configuration of the Solar Electric Propulsion Stage (SEPS) design resulting from the synthesis of key tradeoff analyses. The baseline SEPS is a 21-kW propulsion-power vehicle using the Shuttle/Interim Upper Stage (IUS) launch vehicle for planetary and geosynchronous missions. The trade analyses supporting the baseline configuration include ion thruster array pattern, solar array stowage concepts, and number of thrusters and power processors (PP). In addition, an integrated thermal control and structural system was optimized and designed to meet flight loads and dynamics requirements. Payload provisions, mercury propellant refueling, and design compatibility of the SEPS and Shuttle/IUS are presented.
Information Disclosure and Insider Trading Around Board Meetings

This study examines firm disclosure, investor reaction, and directors’ insider trading around regular board meetings. Using a novel dataset of U.S. companies’ regular board meeting schedules specified in corporate by-laws, I find the following. First, firms are three times more likely to disclose news on the day of the board meeting compared to other days. Second, investors react to news on board meetings but do not seem to anticipate the timing of news disclosure ― realized volatility increases in response to news disclosure but implied volatility does not build up in advance. Third, outside directors’ insider trades made before a board meeting earn abnormal returns, suggesting that outside directors trade on private information obtained in preparation for board meetings. This study establishes board meetings as important information events for investors as a precursor to firm disclosure and for outside directors as an opportunity for informed trading.
Incomplete differentiation of Wolffian structures: a form of Kallmann’s syndrome?

We have reported a sibship in which all three males had azoospermia and a normal 46,XY karyotype. The mechanisms for the production of azoospermia were Kallmann's syndrome and bilateral agenesis of the globus major (head of the epididymis) in the proband and bilateral agenesis of the vasa deferentia and seminal vesicles in the two brothers. It is suggested that this syndrome of agenesis of the testicular excretory system may be a variant of Kallmann's syndrome.
Rapid resetting of aortic baroreceptors in vitro

Pressure-response characteristics of arterial baroreceptors (BR) were shown recently to be reset following a 15- to 20-min change in mean arterial pressure (MAP); the curves shifted in the directio...
Explicit In Situ User Feedback for Web Search Results

Gathering evidence about whether a search result is relevant is a core concern in the evaluation and improvement of information retrieval systems. Two common sources of evidence for establishing relevance are judgements from trained assessors and logs of online user behavior. However, both are limited; it is hard for a trained assessor to know exactly what users want to find, and user behavior only provides an implicit and ambiguous signal. In this paper, we aim to address these limitations by collecting explicit feedback on web search results from users in situ as they search. When users return to the search result page via the browser back button after having clicked on a result, we ask them to provide a binary thumbs up or thumbs down judgment and text feedback. We collect in situ feedback from a large commercial search engine, and compare this feedback with the judgments provided by trained assessors. We find that in situ feedback differs significantly from traditional relevance judgments, and that it suggests a different interpretation of behavior signals, with the dwell time threshold between negative and positive in situ feedback being 87 seconds, longer than the more common heuristic of 30 seconds. Using text feedback from users, we discuss why user feedback may differ from editorial judgments.
Abstract 3580: Topoisomerase II mediated DNA damage generates unique classes of genome rearrangements

Topoisomerase 2 (Top2) is the target of active anti-cancer agents such as etoposide and doxorubicin. These drugs interfere with the Top2 catalytic cycle and lead to trapping of the enzyme as a covalent protein: DNA complex. This trapped covalent complex is a unique DNA lesion that includes DNA strand breaks and covalent protein adducts at the site of the breaks. While Top2 mediated DNA damage is the major mechanism for tumor cell killing, it is also responsible for drug-induced translocations that can lead to secondary malignancies. We have developed several novel systems for assessing Top2-mediated genome instability using yeast as a model system. We developed repair proficient yeast strains that accumulate high levels of etoposide and other Top2 targeting drugs. We selected for loss-of-function mutations in the yeast CAN1 gene that arise following etoposide treatment, and examined the induced mutations by DNA sequencing. We identified a unique spectrum of mutations generated by etoposide in yeast. One novel class of mutational events induced by etoposide is relatively large deletions (>300 bp) and tandem duplications. Most of these etoposide-induced events are flanked by 4-8 nucleotide direct repeats. To further characterize the mechanism of Top2 induced genome instability, we took advantage of a novel Top2 allele isolated in our laboratory. This Top2 allele, termed top2 AR , exhibits elevated levels of drug independent DNA cleavage in vitro, and inviability when combined with yeast mutants defective in DNA double strand break repair. We found a similar spectrum of large deletions and tandem duplications flanked by 4-8 nucleotide direct repeats. Interestingly, we also found that the recovery of large deletions and insertions was enhanced in yeast cells lacking Tdp1, a gene that participates in the repair of protein:DNA covalent complexes. Our results illustrate a novel type of genome rearrangement that is mediated by covalent Top2 DNA damage. It is noteworthy that the deletions and insertions flanked by short direct repeats have not been previously observed with other classes of DNA damaging agents. We suggest that the unique properties of these lesions may also contribute to oncogenic translocations induced by etoposide and other Top2 targeting drugs. We are currently using next-generation sequencing of etoposide treated yeast cells and cells carrying the top2 AR allele to obtain a more complete picture of the types of alterations induced by Top2 mediated DNA damage. Citation Format: Matthew Gilbertson, Radhika Patel, Karin C. Nitiss, John L. Nitiss. Topoisomerase II mediated DNA damage generates unique classes of genome rearrangements. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3580.
Geometric Continuity and Shape Parameters

Given the two curves Q 1(u) and Q 2(u), consider the joint \(\frac{{{\text{Q}}_1 \left( u \right)}} {{{\text{Q}}_2 \left( u \right)}}\). Recalling equation (4.1), continuity of the unit tangent vector is achieved if $$\frac{{{\text{Q}}_1^{\left( 1 \right)} \left( 1 \right)}} {{\left| {{\text{Q}}_1^{\left( 1 \right)} \left( 1 \right)} \right|}} = \frac{{{\text{Q}}_2^{\left( 1 \right)} \left( 0 \right)}} {{\left| {{\text{Q}}_2^{\left( 1 \right)} \left( 0 \right)} \right|}}$$ (6.1) that is, $${\text{Q}}_1^{\left( 1 \right)} \left( 1 \right)\frac{{\left| {{\text{Q}}_2^{\left( 1 \right)} \left( 0 \right)} \right|}} {{\left| {{\text{Q}}_1^{\left( 1 \right)} \left( 1 \right)} \right|}} = {\text{Q}}_2^{\left( 1 \right)} \left( 0 \right)$$ (6.2) or $${\text{Q}}_2^{\left( 1 \right)} \left( 0 \right) = \beta 1{\text{Q}}_1^{\left( 1 \right)} \left( 1 \right)$$ (6.3) .
Help Wanted: A Modern-Day Turing

The National Strategic Computing Initiative will inevitably produce new computer hardware, but what about software?
Ablative therapies for the treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions

Abstract Anal HSIL is the precursor lesion of anal squamous cell carcinoma. The exact rate of cancer progression from HSIL is not clear, but likely approaches 10% in immunocompromised individuals. Just as excision and destruction of cervical dysplasia has been shown to significantly decrease the risk of cervical cancer, several studies have shown a reduced incidence of anal cancer after targeted ablation of HSIL. Given the morbidity of anal mapping and wide local excision, we cannot justify this treatment method, especially since recurrence is common. Except for the most severe cases, anal and perianal lesions are very amenable to office-based treatments. Topical therapies have a role in treating anal and perianal HSIL, especially in the setting of wide-spread disease. However, ablation has been shown to be more effective and better tolerated compared to topical treatments. Recurrence is to be expected following treatment of HSIL, highlighting the need for close long-term follow-up.
A reliable multi-period intermodal freight network expansion problem

Abstract This paper addresses the intermodal freight network expansion problem consisting of multiple periods. In each period, the objective is to determine the locations of new intermodal terminals, the amount of capacity to add to existing terminals, and the existing rail links to retrofit. The multi-period planning problem has the added complexity of determining which period a particular improvement should be made given a limited budget for each time period. A probabilistic robust mathematical model is proposed to address these decisions and uncertainties in the network. Due to the complexity of this model, a hybrid Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem and its applicability is demonstrated via two numerical examples. Important managerial insights are drawn and discussed on the benefits of utilizing the multi-period approach.
"Curriculum of the Mestiza/o Body": Living and Learning through a Corporal Landscape of Resistance and (Re)Generation.

Through a Chicana Feminist and Curricular Reconceptualist lens, this article theorizes a Curriculum of the Mestiza/o Body as return to historicized, corporal knowing which takes shape, form, flesh ...
A Feminist Posthumanist Multispecies Ethnography for Educational Studies

The animal or more-than-human turn in the humanities and social sciences has challenged nature/culture binaries in the fields of environmental education and early childhood studies, yet the field o...
Mary Kingsley and the Ghosts of West Africa

This chapter focuses on Mary Kingsley’s involvement with the folklore and spiritual customs of West Africa. It begins by examining Kingsley’s Travels in West Africa (1897) before moving on to extended discussions of two lesser-known essays by Kingsley: “Black Ghosts” (1896) and “The Forms of Apparitions in West Africa” (1899). In these essays, Kingsley seeks to convince her British reading audience that the spiritual beliefs of Africans and Europeans have much in common. To achieve this aim, the chapter argues that Kingsley utilizes an English Gothic tradition, with its recognizable ghosts and demons, in order to illustrate the similarities between British and West Africa belief and superstition.
Pathology and Staging: Histopathology and Cytopathology

Bladder cancer can be challenging to diagnose due to the broad morphologic spectrum of both in situ and invasive disease. Histology review of tissue specimens, combined with use of urine cytology, is often optimal to render a diagnosis. In this chapter, we review a range of bladder findings, including normal, in situ, and invasive disease. Both conventional and non-conventional forms of bladder cancer are presented. Discussion of neoplastic mimickers and utility of ancillary testing is incorporated when relevant. We conclude with an overview of cytology findings in bladder neoplasia and highlight the benefits and limitations of this diagnostic modality in bladder cancer.
Collagenase and the Isolation of Cells from Bone

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the development of techniques for the isolation and separation of bone cell populations. One line of differentiation is to the preosteoblast, a glycogen-rich, distinctly identifiable cell, which is the immediate precursor of the osteoblast. The osteoblast is a mature nonproliferating end-stage cell, which synthesizes and secretes the components of new bone matrix and participates by as yet undefined mechanisms in the mineralization of that matrix to form bone. The two cell types, namely, the preosteoblast and osteoblast, are the primary targets of efforts to isolate cells for the study of bone formation in vitro. The classic view of an osteoclast is a multinucleated giant cell anchored to a surface of bone undergoing active resorption. The morphology of this cell with its specialized ruffled border and surrounding clear zone has been extensively characterized. The methods that have been applied to bone cell separation include differential surface adhesion, unit gravity sedimentation, filtration, isopycnic centrifugation, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and free flow electrophoresis (FFE). Osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells can also be separated by FFE. This method of cell separation has not gained wide acceptance; the apparatus that is required is expensive and is not commonly found.
Pictorial communication: An essay on its plight

one which would justify numbers of basic studies. But only a concerted, prolonged, and integrated program of basic research is apt to yield an adequate theory of pictorial perception and a useful pictorial vocabulary and syntax. It perhaps should have been made clear earlier that the intent of this essay is not to deprecate the word, written or spoken. Rather, it is to describe and question verbal snobbery and to propose a reawakening, developing, and sharpening of man's ability to think and communicate in other symbology than just combinations of A to Z and 0 to 9. A final and perhaps more strongly felt appeal is for more basic research on pictorial communication. When the effects of particular pictorial cues on particular learning have been definitely demonstrated, there should no longer be a false dichotomy between the verbal and non-verbal symbol-systems of man. We should discover the unique values of each, and learn to be fluent in both with established bases for the choice of one or combination of both for whatever communication is desired.
Adherence of Brucella ovis to preimplantation ovine ova.

Abstract Seventy-three zona pellucida-intact ova were collected surgically from 15 superovulated, Brucella -free mixed-breed ewes. Twenty-one groups containing one to five ova were incubated in medium containing Brucella ovis . Subsequently, seven and five groups were incubated for 24 and 4 h, respectively, at 37°C in medium containing penicillin and streptomycin, while nine groups were not treated with antibiotics. All groups of ova were washed 10 times, and ova and sequential washes were cultured for the presence of B. ovis . Brucella were isolated from seven of the nine groups of nontreated ova and from the 10th wash for six of these groups. While Brucella were detected in fewer washes after antibiotic treatment, the organism was still isolated from 11 of the 12 treated groups. Results indicate that standard washing techniques are not reliable for removing B. ovis from exposed, zona pellucida-intact, ovine ova.