cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New improvements leading to higher polarization frozen spin HD targets at the LEGS facility

Abstract Double polarization experiments at the Laser Electron Gamma Source (LEGS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory have been performed with polarized photon beams and a polarized Hydrogen Deuteride (HD) frozen spin target. After polarizing at 15 T and 17 mK and subsequently reaching a frozen spin mode, a target was cold extracted (at 2.5 K and 0.016 T ) and installed into an In-Beam Cryostat (IBC) which held the target at 0.7 T and 1.25 K . In-beam relaxation times of 13 days for polarized hydrogen and 36 days for polarized deuterium have been measured. Data were taken with 30% polarized-H and 6% polarized-D, although higher polarization levels have been achieved. Several new improvements are being implemented to improve the operating parameters of polarized HD targets. These include the fabrication of a vibration isolator to lower the polarizing temperature, the purchase of a new IBC to reach longer in-beam relaxation times with higher field and lower temperature ( 1 T and 200 mK ), the construction of a new cold transfer cryostat with a higher field (0.13 T ) to reduce polarization loss during target transfers, and the installation of a much improved NMR system for polarization calibration and online monitoring. A summary of the existing data, the ongoing modifications and projection for future performance will be discussed.
Caregiver Practices of Families of Children with and Without Physical Disability

Reports suggest children with physical disability are at greater risk than peers for negative caregiver interactions. The environmental, parental, and child characteristics associated with variation in caregiver practices among families of children with (n = 450) and without physical disability (n = 450) in a nationally representative sample from the U.S. Agreement and variation about the shared meaning of “caregiver practices” were measured using consensus analysis. Associated parent, child, and family characteristics were identified using regression analysis. Parents did not spank, hit back, yell, ignore, put to work, or make fun of their children as a punishment. Parents maintained rules set about eating, bedtime, chores, and watching television. They reported playing with children, preparing food for them, going to religious services, reading, singing songs, and telling stories with their children. They reported not being involved in organized exercise and art classes. Child’s socio-emotional skills and behaviors (β = −.331), socio-economic status (β = −.223), the influence of religion on raising child (β = −.180), race/ethnicity of the parent (β = −.071), and physical disability (β = −.104) explained 24 % of the variance in caregiver practices (F = 32.34, p < .000). More negative caregiver practices are associated with families of children with lower levels of socio-emotional skills and behaviors, lower socio-economic status, less religious influence on child rearing practices, who are not Euro-American, or whose children have physical disability. Children’s socio-emotional skills and behaviors explained the largest amount of variance in caregiver practices, not disability status. Health professionals working with children with physical disability should target developing socio-emotional skills to support positive child-parent interactions and promote positive outcomes.
Giving catalysis the edge.

Effective catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes can be created by adding functional groups to carbon nanotubes.
Experimental Study of Index Terms and Information Access

In this paper we report on the methodology used in an experiment whose objective was to discover whether information seekers display experimentally demonstrable preferences for index terms with particular properties, and if so, to analyze those preferences. For the experiment, we merged three sets of terms: two sets were identified automatically and one manually. 23 subjects used the merged list of terms via ESBI (Experimental Searching and Browsing Interface) to answer a predetermined set of questions of varying degrees of difficulty. By design, the interface discourages direct searching and forces users to access content indirectly via index terms. Our results provide strong evidence that it is indeed possible to measure human preference for index terms: subjects displayed a strong preference for the manual index terms, which on average were significantly longer and structurally more complex than the automatically identified terms. However, the automatically identified index terms were selected often enough to suggest that they too are of value. We discuss the design of the computer interface, the process of question selection, the preparation of the merged list of index terms, the techniques for assessment of question difficulty, the experimental protocol, and the methods we used for assessing the validity of the experimental results.
Mechanics of Active Contraction in Cardiac Muscle: Part I—Constitutive Relations for Fiber Stress That Describe Deactivation

Constitutive relations for active fiber stress in cardiac muscle are proposed and parameters are found that allow these relations to fit experimental data from the literature, including the tension redeveloped following rapid deactivating length perturbations. Contraction is driven by a length-independent free calcium transient. The number of actin sites available to react with myosin is determined from the total number of actin sites (available and inhibited), free calcium and the length history-dependent association and dissociation rates of two Ca2+ ions and troponin as governed by a first-order, classical kinetics, differential equation. Finally, the relationship between active tension and the number of available actin sites is described by a general cross-bridge model. Bridges attach in a single configuration at a constant rate, the force within each cross-bridge varies linearly with position, and the rate constant of bridge detachment depends both on position and time after onset of contraction. In Part II, these constitutive relations for active stress are incorporated in a continuum mechanics model of the left ventricle that predicted end-systolic transmural strain distributions as observed experimentally.
The archives of labor and urban affairs, Walter P. Reuther library, Wayne state university

(1990). The Archives of Labor History and Urban Affairs, Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University. Labor History: Vol. 31, No. 1-2, pp. 145-154.
Wall conditions in ORMAK

Abstract ORMAK is a diffuse toroidal pinch with typical plasma currents of 100 kA, electron temperatures of 800 eV, and ion temperatures of 300 eV. The walls of the plasma region are made of stainless steel coated with an intermediate layer of platinum 0.5 μm thick and an outer 1–2 μm layer of gold. Tests with an Ion Microprobe Mass Analyzer have shown that the platinum acts to decrease diffusion of impurities from the stainless steel to the surface. Gold was chosen to inhibit the surface chemical adsorption of gases. Studies with a movable limiter lead us to believe that electron energy is lost at the plasma edge mainly via line radiation and cooling on ions, while ions are lost from the plasma by charge exchange. Thus the walls are bombarded by energetic neutrals and line radiation. To measure the sputtering rate from these neutrals, a wall sample was coated with 105 A of radioactive gold and bombarded with neutrals from ORMAK during a day's run. No measurable sputtering was found within the counting statistics of the measurement, but surface carbon contamination of the sample prevents us from any final conclusions.
A case of malignant hyperthermia captured by an anesthesia information management system

Many cases of malignant hyperthermia triggered by volatile anesthetic agents have been described. However, to our knowledge, there has not been a report describing the precise changes in physiologic data of a human suffering from this process. Here we describe a case of malignant hyperthermia in which monitoring information was frequently and accurately captured by an anesthesia information management system.
Quantitative taxonomy and biostratigraphy of Middle Cambrian trilobites from Montana and Wyoming

This study was made to revise the taxonomy and biostratigraphy of Middle Cambrian trilobites from Montana and Wyoming. Both numerical and conventional analyses were made of the taxonomic and biostratigraphic data. Numerical taxonomy was performed on a sample of 210 OTU's (Operational Taxonomic Units) using 66 characters which were determined on cranidia of Middle Cambrian ptychopariid trilobites. These characters consisted of linear measurements which were transformed to indices proportional to glabellar length, quantitative-qualitative shape or angle measurements, and multistate attributes. The similarity coefficients calculated were average taxonomic distances and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. The matrices of similarity coefficients were clustered by single-linkage and unweighted pair-group algorithms. The coordinates of OTU's in a three-dimensional A-space defined by the first three principal axes also were calculated. A phenogram of the distance matrix clustered by UPGMA (which yielded the highest cophenetic correlation coefficient) and a three-dimensional pin-and-ball model were used to interpret the trilobite taxonomy. Insufficiently clear clustering in both representations of taxonomic structure necessitated also a conventional taxonomic study guided by the numerical phenetics. Numerical biostratigraphy was performed with 79 collections as OTU's and 43 trilobite genera as characters. Jaccard coefficients were used as similarity coefficients, and the results were clustered by UPGMA. The resultant phenogram was readily interpretable, and seven faunal assemblage zones (Albertella, Glossopleura, Ehmaniella, Bolaspis-Glyphaspis, Ehmania, Parehmania, and Bolaspidella)are defined for the Middle Cambrian in the study area. Two of the zones (Ehmaniellaand Parehmania)are new and replace part of the previously defined “Bathyuriscus-Elrathina”zone. Bolaspis-Glyphaspis, Ehmania,and Parehmaniazones may have only regional validity.
The effect of microstructural morphology on the elastic, inelastic, and degradation behaviors of aluminum–alumina composites

Abstract Micromechanical models with idealized and simplified shapes of inhomogeneities have been widely used to obtain the average (macroscopic) mechanical response of different composite materials. The main purpose of this study is to examine whether the composites with irregular shapes of inhomogeneities, such as in the aluminum–alumina (Al–Al 2 O 3 ) composites, can be approximated by considering idealized and simplified shapes of inhomogeneities in determining their overall macroscopic mechanical responses. We study the effects of microstructural characteristics, on mechanical behavior (elastic, inelastic, and degradation) of the constituents, and shapes and distributions of the pores and inclusions (inhomogeneities), and thermal stresses on the overall mechanical properties and response of the Al–Al 2 O 3 composites. Microstructures of a composite with 20% alumina volume content are constructed from the microstructural images of the composite obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images of the composite are converted to finite element (FE) meshes, which are used to determine the overall mechanical response of the Al–Al 2 O 3 composite. We also construct micromechanics model by considering circular shapes of the inhomogeneities, while maintaining the same volume contents and locations of the inhomogeneities as the ones in the micromechanics model with actual shapes of inhomogeneities. The macroscopic elastic and inelastic responses and stress fields in the constituents from the micromechanics models with actual and circular shapes of inhomogeneities are compared and discussed.
Plasmon-Enhanced Third-Order Harmonic Generation in Plasmonic-Organic Photonic Crystals

We present theoretical and experimental analysis of extraordinary third-order harmonic generation (THG) by organic materials on a plasmonic photonic crystal. The measurement shows that the hybrid nanostructure platform provides over 20 times enhancement in THG efficiency.
Repair and mutagenesis of herpes simplex virus in UV-irradiated monkey cells

Abstract Mutagenic repair in mammalian cells was investigated by determining the mutagenesis of UV-irradiated or unirradiated herpes simplex virus in UV-irradiated CV-1 monkey kidney cells. These results were compared with the results for UV-enhanced virus reactivation (UVER) in the same experimental situation. High and low multiplicities of infection were used to determine the effects of multiplicity reactivation (MR). UVER and MR were readily demonstrable and were approximately equal in amount in an infectious center assay. For this study, a forward-mutation assay was developed to detect virus mutants resistant to iododeoxycytidine (ICdR), probably an indication of the mutant virus being defective at its thymidine kinase locus. ICdR-resistant mutants did not have a growth advantage over wild-type virus in irradiated or unirradiated cells. Thus, higher fractions of mutant virus indicated greater mutagenesis during virus repair and/or replication. The data showed that: (1) unirradiated virus was mutated in unirradiated cells, providing a background level of mutagenesis; (2) unirradiated virus was mutated about 40% more in irradiated cells, indicating that virus replication (DNA synthesis?) became more mutagenic as a result of cell irradiation; (3) irradiated virus was mutated much more (about 6-fold) than unirradiated virus, even in unirradiated cells; (4) cell irradiation did not change the mutagenesis of irradiated virus except at high multiplicity of infection. High multiplicity of infection did not lead to higher mutagenesis in unirradiated cells. Thus the data did not demonstrate UVER or MR alone to be either error-free or error-prone. When the two processes were present simultaneously, they were mutagenic.
The biology of nitric oxide and other reactive intermediates in systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract Formation of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates (RNI and ROI) is an essential part of the innate immune response. Markers of systemic RNI production are increased in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity. Several lines of evidence suggest mechanisms through which the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is pathogenic in SLE, including the ability of peroxynitrite (ONOO − , a product of iNOS activity) to modify proteins, lipids, and DNA. These modifications can alter enzyme activity and may increase the immunogenicity of self antigens, leading to a break in immune tolerance. In humans, observational data suggest that overexpression of iNOS and increased production of ONOO − lead to glomerular and vascular pathology. Therapies designed to target iNOS activity or scavenge ROI and RNI are in development and may provide the means to reduce the pathogenic consequences of ROI and RNI in SLE.
ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS DIVISION AWARD ADDRESS: Thin Film Transistor and ULSIC Technologies - Parallel or Crossing?

In the last 2 decades, the thin film transistor (TFT) technology has advanced dramatically accompanied with extraordinary growth of market. In this paper, the author compared the history of TFTs and ULSIC as well as their markets. The unique material, process, and device properties of the a-Si:H TFT was responsible for its current success and established the foundation for developments beyond liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Due to different device characters and limits, TFTs and ULSIC have separate application areas. However, they can be properly integrated to create new functions and products. The knowledge obtained from the large- area TFT array studies can help ULSIC migration to 15-inch wafers.
Respiratory metabolism of the centipede Nadabius coloradensis (Cockerell): influence of temperature, season and starvation

Abstract 1. 1. Oxygen consumption of centipedes tested in 1974 showed evidence of seasonal adaptation through lateral translation and rotation of metabolic rate:temperature (R:T) curves. Curves for 1975 did not display similar changes. 2. 2. Prolonged starvation resulted in relatively low rates of oxygen consumption and relatively flat slopes of R : T curves, but did not significantly depress standard metabolic rates at 20°C. 3. 3. Oxygen consumption rates of males and gravid females did not differ significantly. 4. 4. A low respiratory quotient (RQ) was found for N. coloradensis.
Atom motion in liquid alloys in the presence of an electric field

Abstract It is postulated that electromigration in liquid alloys arises from momentum transferred to the ions as the electrons scatter from the ions. A simple model has been formulated which predicts that the alloy component having the greater electrical resistivity will be preferentially transported to the anode.
Reorganization of the chick basilar papilla after acoustic trauma

The auditory epithelium in birds and mammals consists of a postmitotic population of hair cells and supporting cells. Unlike mammals, birds can regenerate their auditory epithelia after trauma. Recent evidence indicates that supporting cells undergo mitosis after acoustic trauma, suggesting that supporting cells may transdifferentiate into hair cells. The goals of this study were to 1) characterize the responses of hair cells and supporting cells to acoustic trauma, and 2) determine whether hair cell loss is a prerequisite for generation of new hair cells. Chicks were exposed to an octave-band noise and their inner ears assayed with fluorescence or scanning electron microscopy. In one area of the basilar papilla, defined as the center of the lesion, extensive hair cell degeneration occurred. Expanded supporting cells obliterated degenerating hair cells and invaded spaces normally occupied by hair cells. Aggregates of DNA were found within the basilar papilla, suggesting that hair cell death and disintegration may occur within the epithelium. The epithelial sheet appeared structurally confluent at all times examined. Supporting cells exhibited altered apical contour in distal regions of the basilar papilla, where hair cell damage was mild or inconspicuous. Four days after noise exposure, newly generated hair cells were found in the center of the lesion and in the distal areas, where no hair cell loss could be detected. The results suggest that supporting cells may play an important role in maintenance and repair of the traumatized basilar papilla and raise the possibility that production of new hair cells is not dependent on hair cell loss in the immediate vicinity.
SLUGging away at cell death.

Abstract Programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in normal and malignant hematopoieis. In this issue of Cancer Cell , Inoue et al. (2002) demonstrate that the CED-1 homolog, Slug, is a key regulator of apoptosis in the response of early hematopoietic progenitors to γ radiation.
Morbidity and Efficacy of Ureteroscopic Stone Treatment in Patients with Neurogenic Bladder

Purpose: There is a lack of information on the safety and efficacy of ureteroscopy in the neurogenic bladder population. We hypothesized that ureteroscopy in patients with neurogenic bladder would be associated with an increased risk of complications and a lower stone clearance rate than in patients without neurological impairment.Materials and Methods: We reviewed a local registry of patients with ICD-9 codes for urolithiasis between 2004 and 2012. The study cohort was assembled from all eligible patients with neurogenic bladder and a randomly selected control group that had undergone ureteroscopy. Statistical analysis of demographic variables and surgical outcomes was performed. Complications were classified according to the Clavien system. Clearance was defined by computerized tomography, renal/bladder ultrasound or direct ureterorenoscopy.Results: Ureteroscopy was performed a total of 173 times in 127 controls and a total of 45 times in 20 patients with neurogenic bladder. There was no difference betw...
Science and James McKeen Cattell, 1894 to 1945

Cattell took control of Science in 1894, turned it into America's most important scientific journal, and edited it for 50 years.
Molecular and Cellular Effects of Tamm-Horsfall Protein Mutations and Their Rescue by Chemical Chaperones

Correct folding of a nascent polypeptide in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into a three-dimensional conformation is a crucial step in the stability, intracellular trafficking, and targeting to the final destination of a protein. By transiently and stably expressing human-relevant mutants of Tamm-Horsfall protein in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, we show here that a cysteine-altering mutation in the evolutionally conserved cysteine-rich domain had more severe defects in ER exit and surface translocation and triggered more apoptosis than a cysteine-altering mutation outside the domain. Both mutants were able to specifically bind and trap the wild-type Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and prevent it from exiting the ER and translocating to the cell surface. This explains at least partly why in patients with THP-associated diseases there is a marked urinary reduction of both the mutant and the wild-type THP. Exposure of mutant-expressing cells to low temperature (30 °C), osmolytes (glycerol, trimethylamine N-oxide, and dimethyl sulfoxide), and the Ca2+-ATP inhibitor thapsigargin only slightly relieved ER retention and increased surface targeting of the mutants. In contrast, sodium 4-phenylbutyrate and probenecid, the latter a uricosuric drug used clinically to treat gout, markedly reduced ER retention of the mutants and increased their surface translocation and secretion into the culture media. The rescue of the THP mutants was associated with the restoration of the level and subcellular localization of cytosolic chaperone HSP70. Our results reveal intricate mechanistic details that may underlie THP-associated diseases and suggest that novel therapeutics enhancing the refolding of THP mutants may be of important value in therapy.
Spirituality among African American cancer survivors: having a personal relationship with God.

African American breast and prostate cancer survivors describe their personal relationship with God as very real, close, and intimate. During their cancer trajectory, God was there with them, healing, protecting, and in control of their lives. Participants believed that God provided types of support
4,5,6,7-tetradehyro-PG1, a stable and potent inhibitor of blood platelet aggregation☆

Abstract The titled compound, which is a stable and potent analog of PGI2, was synthesized from easily available enone 3 in two steps.
Action spectrum of the human early receptor potential.

THE early receptor potential (ERP) of the retina is a rapid electrical response to an intense flash of light1. Typically, an initial cornea-positive wave of negligible latency, R1, is followed by a negative potential, R2. If the ERP is recorded from a living eye, the a-wave of the relatively slow electroretinogram arises from the ascending portion of R2 (Fig. 1A). Unlike the electroretinogram, however, the ERP is not dependent on neural activity for its formation, and the R1 and R2amplitudes are linear functions of the number of visual pigment molecules bleached2.
Thromboembolus Traversing a Patent Foramen Ovale: Resolution With Anticoagulation

This case report documents echocardiographically a thromboembolus actively traversing a patent foramen ovale in a 72-year-old man with a dilated cardiomyopathy and systemic lupus erythematosis complicated by chronic low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple lower extremity deep venous thromboses. With intravenous heparin therapy, there was apparent resolution of this thromboembolus without clinical evidence of systemic embolization.
How quality improvement interventions can address disparities in depression

The quality of depression care, especially care received by minorities, needs improvement. Several interventions have been developed for the purpose of improving the quality of depression management in primary care, including quality improvement strategies employing disease management approaches, the chronic care model, and the Breakthrough Collaborative Series developed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. This article reviews these interventions and examines their potential to contribute to the improvement of depression care.
Mitogen-activated protein kinases signal inhibition of apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated neutrophils☆☆☆★

Abstract Background: Neutrophil (PMN) apoptosis is critical to the resolution of infection and the limitation of inflammation. Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) inhibits PMN apoptosis and activates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal cascade. The role of p38 and other MAPKs (ERK and SAPK/JNK) in regulating PMN apoptosis after LPS stimulation is unknown. We hypothesize that MAPK activation by LPS signals inhibition of PMN apoptosis. Methods: PMNs were isolated from the blood of healthy human volunteers and incubated with PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor), or 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle) for 1 hour before treatment with LPS (0, 10, or 1000 ng/mL). Neutrophil MAPK activation was determined by Western blot analysis for phosphorylated p38, ERK, and SAPK/JNK. Apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry with use of propidium iodide and annexin V. Results: LPS inhibited PMN apoptosis and activated p38 and ERK in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. SAPK/JNK was not activated by LPS. Treatment of cells with ERK inhibitor before LPS stimulation abrogated LPS signaled inhibition of PMN apoptosis. Conversely, p38 inhibition with SB 203580 augmented inhibition of apoptosis by LPS. Conclusions: These data demonstrate opposing roles of MAPKs in mediating PMN apoptosis after LPS stimulation. We conclude that LPS signal transduction by ERK inhibits PMN apoptosis while activation of p38 promotes apoptosis. (Surgery 1999;126:406-12.)
Pilot trial of a computerized decision aid for breast cancer prevention.

: This study sought to evaluate a shared decision-making aid for breast cancer prevention care designed to help women make appropriate prevention decisions by presenting information about risk in context. The decision aid was implemented in a high-risk breast cancer prevention program and pilot-tested in a randomized clinical trial comparing standard consultations to use of the decision aid. Physicians completed training with the decision aid prior to enrollment. Thirty participants enrolled (15 per group) and completed measures of clinical feasibility and effectiveness prior to, immediately after, and at 9 months after their consultations. The decision aid was feasible to use during the consultations as measured by consultation duration, user satisfaction, patient knowledge, and decisional conflict. The mean consultation duration was not significantly different between groups (24 minutes for intervention group versus 21 minutes for control group, p = 0.42). The majority found the decision aid acceptable and useful and would recommend it to others. Both groups showed an improvement in breast cancer prevention knowledge postvisit, which was significant in the intervention group (p = 0.01) but not the control group (p = 0.13). However, the knowledge scores returned to baseline at follow-up in both groups. Decision preference for patients who chose chemoprevention post consultations remained constant at follow-up for the intervention group, but not for the control group. The decision framework provides access to key information during consultations and facilitates the integration of emerging biomarkers in this setting. Initial results suggest that the decision aid is feasible for use in the consultation room. The tendency for the decision choices and knowledge scores to return to baseline at follow-up suggests the need for initial and ongoing prevention decision support.
New regulatory circuit controlling spatial and temporal gene expression in the sea urchin embryo oral ectoderm GRN.

The sea urchin oral ectoderm gene regulatory network (GRN) model has increased in complexity as additional genes are added to it, revealing its multiple spatial regulatory state domains. The formation of the oral ectoderm begins with an oral–aboral redox gradient, which is interpreted by the cis-regulatory system of the nodal gene to cause its expression on the oral side of the embryo. Nodal signaling drives cohorts of regulatory genes within the oral ectoderm and its derived subdomains. Activation of these genes occurs sequentially, spanning the entire blastula stage. During this process the stomodeal subdomain emerges inside of the oral ectoderm, and bilateral subdomains defining the lateral portions of the future ciliary band emerge adjacent to the central oral ectoderm. Here we examine two regulatory genes encoding repressors, sip1 and ets4, which selectively prevent transcription of oral ectoderm genes until their expression is cleared from the oral ectoderm as an indirect consequence of Nodal signaling. We show that the timing of transcriptional de-repression of sip1 and ets4 targets which occurs upon their clearance explains the dynamics of oral ectoderm gene expression. In addition two other repressors, the direct Nodal target not, and the feed forward Nodal target goosecoid, repress expression of regulatory genes in the central animal oral ectoderm thereby confining their expression to the lateral domains of the animal ectoderm. These results have permitted construction of an enhanced animal ectoderm GRN model highlighting the repressive interactions providing precise temporal and spatial control of regulatory gene expression.
A dual-mode indium flame detector

Abstract A normal flame ionization detector has been modified such that the flame burns in contact with liquid indium and the emission from indium or its halides can be detected by a spectrometer or a filter-photomultiplier combination. The flame ionization detector's response is unimpaired by the presence of indium and may be monitored simultaneously with the photometric signal. By choice of spectrometer wavelength it is possible to ascertain whether a compound eluted from the gas chromatograph contains chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
Spirit and Voice: Toward a Feminist Pentecostal Pneumatology

This article suggests that bringing feminist pneumatology and Pentecostal spirituality into dialogue may provide new opportunities link women's empowerment with the doctrine of the Holy Spirit. Following a brief overview of feminist pneumatology and Pentecostal spirituality, it exposits Sarah Coakley's pneumatology, arguing that her insights lead us to inquire about the ways in which Charismatic piety might contribute to the empowerment of Pentecostal women in the majority world today. The article then highlights sociological research which shows that Latin American women's ecstatic experiences of the Spirit are frequently linked with an increased sense of personal subjectivity, and the ability to “give voice” in both public and private spheres. It concludes with a proposal for speaking of the Holy Spirit as the divine voice, suggesting that this may be one way to move toward a constructive feminist Pentecostal pneumatology.
Wave Theoretical Interpretation of Propagation of 10-Centimeter and 3-Centimeter Waves in Low-Level Ocean Ducts

The data on the transmission of 10- and 3-centimeter waves in low-level ocean ducts obtained by the Naval Research Laboratory expedition to Antigua, British West Indies, were analyzed by wave theory. The analysis was made for a distribution of modified index of refraction with height (shown by curve C′ in Fig. 1). Below the horizon, the 10-centimeter wave was found to propagate by the first normal mode with a theoretical decrement of 1 decibel per nautical mile, as against an observed value of about 0.8 decibel per nautical mile in the first 80 miles from transmitter. Theory vezified the observed constancy of decrement with height for this wavelength. Beyond 80 miles the observed rate of attenuation dropped to a low value of 0.2 decibel per nautical mile. This change of slope in the intensity curve is probably due to the emergence of scattered radiation after the direct diffracted beam had been depleted. With the exception of one point there is quantitative agreement between the observed and theoretical distribution of intensity with height (see Fig. 9) for the 10-centimeter wave. The 3-centimeter wave was found to propagate below the horizon by the first and second modes, with theoretical decrements of zero and 0.5 decibel per nautical mile, respectively. The latter agrees with the observed values at high elevations, but near the surface, where theoretically attenuation should be negligible, the observed rate of attenuation exceeds the theoretical value by about 0.3 decibel per nautical mile.
The association between symptom burdens and utility in Chinese cancer patients.

Objectives This study explored the relationship between the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI), an instrument measuring the severity of symptoms common to patients with cancer, and utility derived from the SF-36.
Activities in Vitro of Glucocorticoids and Related Steroids on Glucose Uptake by Rat Thymus Cell Suspensions

Relative activities in vitro with respect to inhibition of net glucose uptake by rat thymus cell suspensions have been measured for a number of steroids over the concentration range from 10-2 to 10-3M. With cortisol =1.0, the activities found were as follows: cortisone <0.01; testosterone <0.01; corticosterone =0.4; prednisolone =1.2; 9α-fluoro-prednisolone =17.6. When the absence of metabolic transformations in the thymus cell system is taken into account, these activities are found to be in good agreement with activities in vivo. The results provide direct evidence for a number of inferences that have been made before regarding the role of metabolic transformations and of steroid-target tissue interactions in determining glucocorticoid activities of steroids with 11-keto, 1,2-dehydro and 9α-fluoro groups. (Endocrinology 79: 387, 1966)
Detection and preliminary characterization of matrix metalloproteinase activity in temporomandibular joint lavage fluid

In this study, lavage fluid was fractionated from the superior joint space in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. A hide powder azure protease assay was used to assess protease activity in lavage fluid. No correlation between a patient's pain and the level of protease activity was demonstrated. Latent as well as active proteases were detected in the sample lavage fluid. Latent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were activated using trypsin. Stromelysin-1 was detected in an active form in lavage fluid by immunozymography. The presence of high molecular weight species with protease activity was also demonstrated. This study validates the presence of stromelysin-1 as well as other MMPs in TMJ lavage fluid and proposes a mechanism for their physiologic activation.
The relevance of pre-amniocentesis pedigree analysis and genetic counseling

Prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis in the second trimester of pregnancy has become widely accepted, and the demand for the procedure is increasing exponentially. It is important to reevaluate critically the time and effort spent obtaining a detailed pedigree analysis and family history prior to amniocentesis. Two hundred unselected consecutive cases of women undergoing amniocentesis because of advanced maternal age were studied. One woman had a brother with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and she was found by CPK testing to be a carrier. The prenatal diagnosis revealed that she was carrying a male fetus with a 50% chance of being affected, and the couple decided to have a termination of the pregnancy. A variety of other familial disorders and teratogenic exposures which were found in the studied 200 families were further explored through genetic counseling. Additional reasons for the individual pre-amniocentesis counseling include reducing anxiety and responding to specific psychosocial aspects of the prenatal diagnosis procedure in particular families.
Shape Memory Behavior of Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymer Networks Triggered by Dual Transition Temperatures

We report synthesis and characterization of a new class of side-chain liquid crystalline random terpolymers (SCLCP), its cross-linked network (SCLCN), and the corresponding shape memory properties. The SCLCP comprising three monomers, 5-{15-(cholesteryloxycarbonyl)-pentadecyloxycarbonyl}-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (NBCh15), 5-(acryloyl butoxycarbonyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (NBBA), and poly(ethylene glycol) functionalized norbornene (NBPEG), is synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using Grubbs catalyst second generation, resulting in a random terpolymer. Each monomer provides a specific function in the terpolymer: (1) NBCh15 affords liquid crystalline properties, (2) NBBA is a cross-linkable unit, and (3) NBPEG acts as an internal plasticizer. The mesomorphic structure of the terpolymer investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) exhibits highly interdigitated smectic A (SmA) mesophase comprising cholesteryl ester mesogens. The acrylate end group in the NBBA undergoes cross-linking by ...
In situ cleaning of GaN/6H-SiC substrates in NH3

Abstract Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-grown GaN on 6H-SiC substrates were cleaned by annealing in an NH3 flux. Oxygen contamination was removed by thermal desorption, and carbon removal was facilitated by reaction with NH3. The GaN(0 0 0 1) surface after NH3 beam cleaning at 730°C was smooth with distinct atomic steps. The roughness (0.20 nm RMS) was only slightly greater than that of the untreated substrate (0.17 nm RMS). Carbon and oxygen concentrations were reduced to background levels (∼1 at%) by annealing in an NH3 flux at 800°C. The surface step structure was destroyed by annealing in an NH3 flux of 4×1015 cm−2 s−1 from a seeded supersonic beam; however, annealing in an NH3 flux of 7×1015 cm−2 s−1 from a leak valve inhibited surface roughening and produced a relatively smooth surface (0.28 nm RMS) with a 3 × 3 R30° reconstruction. We infer from the effects of annealing temperature and NH3 flux that the observed surface roughening is due to GaN decomposition.
EMERGE-A Data-Driven Medical Decision Making Aid

EMERGE is an expert system designed as a medical decision making aid. It is machine-independent, and is implemented in standard Pascal. It has modest memory requirements, and can operate on a microcomputer. EMERGE is rule-based, and its initial application is the analysis of chest pain in the emergency room. The knowledge base is maintained separately from the consultation program. Thus the application area can be changed without any modification to the software. This paper describes the control structures and rule searching procedures used in EMERGE.
Stable multi-input multi-output adaptive fuzzy/neural control

In this letter, stable direct and indirect adaptive controllers are presented that use Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems (1985), conventional fuzzy systems, or a class of neural networks to provide asymptotic tracking of a reference signal vector for a class of continuous time multi-input multi-output (MIMO) square nonlinear plants with poorly understood dynamics. The direct adaptive scheme allows for the inclusion of a priori knowledge about the control input in terms of exact mathematical equations or linguistics, while the indirect adaptive controller permits the explicit use of equations to represent portions of the plant dynamics. We prove that with or without such knowledge the adaptive schemes can "learn" how to control the plant, provide for bounded internal signals, and achieve asymptotically stable tracking of the reference inputs. We do not impose any initialization conditions on the controllers and guarantee convergence of the tracking error to zero.
Family Matters: How Queering the Intimate Queers the International

A key insight of queer analytics is that codes and practices of “normalcy” simultaneously constitute “deviancy,” exclusions, and “otherings” as sites of social violence. To reveal how power operates in normative codes and normalizing practices, queer theory aims to “make strange”—disrupt, destabilize, deconstruct, effectively to queer— what is considered normal, commonplace, taken-for-granted, or the “natural order of things.” The point is to contest normativities and orthodoxies (Browne 2006:886), in part by exposing “regimes of the normal” (Eng et al. 2005:3) as historically contingent and power-laden social constructions and by disclosing inconsistencies, instabilities, and fluidities of social meanings and boundaries . In particular, queer work contests “power-ridden normativities of sex” (Berlant and Warner 1995:345) exemplified in heteronormative sex/affective arrangements, and the “normalizing mechanisms of state power” (Eng et al. 2005:1) exemplified in heteropatriarchal marriage/kinship arrangements. Drawing on extensive cross-disciplinary research over several decades, I argue that the making of states is the making of “sex.” In contrast to decentralized networks of societal organization, successful processes of political centralization, that is, state making, are distinguished by their formal (legal) codification of marriage (entailing the heterosexual matrix and “nuclear” family/household form) and patriarchal inheritance of property and citizenship (instituting “private” property and insider–outsider status differentiation). These processes and their power relations are legible initially in early (archaic) state formation, and subsequently (amplified by Christian ideology) in modern European state-making and colonizing practices, eventuating in the now hegemonic form of “sovereign” states constituting Disciplinary IR. In short, the (contingent and contested) normalization of heteropatriarchal principles has historically been key to securing “appropriate” social reproduction and reliable transmission of property and citizenship claims enabling intergenerational continuity of state formations. I have recently summarized this genealogy of “sex,” “the family,” and state formation (Peterson 2014a) and earlier considered the intentional and unintentional queering of states/nations (Peterson …
The effect of transoral robotic surgery on short-term outcomes and cost of care after oropharyngeal cancer surgery.

Objectives/Hypothesis Transoral surgery is an increasingly frequent treatment modality for tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract. This is in large part related to the introduction of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal cancer resection, which has demonstrated excellent oncologic and functional outcomes. There is limited data, however, on how TORS compares to traditional open surgery in overall costs and length of hospitalization. With increasing pressure to contain and reduce the costs of medical care, we sought to evaluate the impact of TORS on a national sample of patients undergoing surgery for oropharyngeal cancer. Study Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 9,601 patients who underwent an extirpative procedure for a malignant oropharyngeal neoplasm in 2008 to 2009 was performed using discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Results TORS was performed in 116 (1.2%) of cases. TORS patients had a lower rate of gastrostomy tube placement (0% vs. 19%), tracheotomy tube placement (0% vs. 36%), and nonroutine discharge (0% vs. 44%) compared to patients undergoing non-TORS procedures. After controlling for all other variables, including comorbidity, extent of surgery, and teaching hospital status, TORS was associated with significantly decreased length of hospitalization (mean, −1.5 days) and hospital-related costs (mean, −$4,285). Conclusions TORS is becoming an increasingly frequent technique to treat tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract. These data demonstrate that TORS is associated with a decreased length of hospitalization and hospital-related costs compared to other surgical techniques. Level of Evidence 2c. Laryngoscope, 124:165–171, 2014
The Combination of Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, and Isoniazid or Rifampin Is Bactericidal and Prevents the Emergence of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The challenges of developing new drugs to treat tuberculosis (TB) are indicated by the relatively small number of candidates entering clinical trials in the past decade. To overcome these issues, we reexamined two FDA-approved antibacterial drugs, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP), for use in TB treatment. SMX and TMP inhibit folic acid biosynthesis and are used in combination to treat infections of the respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. The MICs of SMX and TMP, alone and in combination, were determined for drug-susceptible, multidrug-resistant (MDR), and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. While TMP alone was not effective against M. tuberculosis, the combination of TMP and SMX was bacteriostatic against M. tuberculosis. Surprisingly, the combination of SMX and TMP was also active against a subset of MDR M. tuberculosis strains. Treatment of M. tuberculosis with TMP-SMX and a first-line anti-TB drug, either isoniazid or rifampin, was bactericidal, demonstrating that the combination of TMP and SMX with isoniazid or rifampin was not antagonistic. Moreover, the addition of SMX-TMP in combination with either isoniazid or rifampin also prevented the emergence of drug resistance in vitro. In conclusion, this study further illustrates the opportunity to reevaluate the activity of TMP-SMX in vivo to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis.
Digital Active Control Law Synthesis for Aeroservoelastic Systems

This paper presents a formulation for synthesis of digital active control laws for aeroservoelastic systems, which are typically modeled by large order equations in order to accurately represent the rigid and flexible body modes, unsteady aerodynamic forces, actuator dynamics, and gust spectra. The control law is expected to satisfy multiple design requirements on the dynamic loads, responses, actuator deflection and rate limitations, as well as maintain certain stability margins, yet should be simple enough to be implemented by an onboard digital microprocessor. The synthesis procedure minimizes a linear quadratic Gaussian type cost function, by updating selected free parameters of the control law, while satisfying a set of inequality constraints on the design loads, responses and stability margins. A stable classical control law or an estimator based full or reduced order control law can be used as an initial design starting point. The gradients of the cost function and the constraints, with respect to the digital control law design variables are derived analytically, to facilitate rapid convergence. Selected design responses can be treated as constraints instead of lumping them into the cost function, in order to satisfy individual root-mean-square load and response limitations. Constraints are also imposed on the minimum singular value requirements for stability robustness improvement.