cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
All Losses Are Not Alike: Real versus Accounting-Driven Reported Losses

We examine the value relevance of accounting-driven losses that result from the immediate expensing of firms’ internally-generated intangible investments vs. losses occurring irrespective of intangible investments. Contrary to the long-held view that losses are irrelevant for valuation, we find that once the accounting bias of intangibles-expensing is undone, earnings of firms reporting intangibles-related losses are as informative as earnings of profitable firms. Contrary to the view that persistent losses decrease earnings relevance, our evidence shows no decrease in the relevance of earnings for firms reporting persistent intangibles-related losses. We also find that firms reporting intangibles-related losses outperform other loss firms and even profitable firms in value creation from technological innovation and human capital. Our evidence further shows that firms reporting intangibles-related losses have stronger future performance than other firms. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate the fundamental differences between losses driven by the immediate expensing of internally-generated intangible investments and losses reflecting genuine business performance shortfalls. Standard accounting reports, however, do not properly reflect these differences and their implications.
InSAR monitoring of ground deformation due to CO2 injection at an enhanced oil recovery site, West Texas

Abstract Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements have been used to measure ground deformation associated with fluid injection/production at an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) field in Scurry County, West Texas. 100 million tons (Mt) of supercritical CO2 have been sequestered here since 1972, of which about half has been sequestered since 2004. InSAR data show surface uplift up to 10 cm in the field between January 2007 and March 2011. We evaluated data concerning injection and production of CO2, water, oil and hydrocarbon gas from 2004 to 2011 to investigate causes of the observed uplift. An analytical model is used to calculate reservoir pressure change and surface displacement. Our simulations show up to 10 MPa pressure buildup in the reservoir over four years of net injection and production. Surface displacement predictions agree well with the InSAR observations. Water injection alone cannot explain the 2007–2011 surface uplift because the net injected water (∼1 Mt) is negligible compared to the net injected CO2 (∼24 Mt). The predicted total pressure buildup (up to 10 MPa) consists of net CO2 injection (up to 12 MPa), net water injection (up to 2 MPa), and oil and gas production (up to −0.4 MPa). Hence, observed ground uplift was mainly caused by CO2 injection.
A Study of Feedback in Software Supported Networked Systems

The purpose of this paper is to study the concept of feedback in software supported networked devices, appliances and systems. These systems use system generated feedback signals (requests) to obtain help from external service providers/vendors during system/application emergencies and other contingencies. Similar techniques are also used to keep external entities appraised of the system’s progress and health. Future systems, including appliances, devices and complex entities operated by humans would be networked and would be allowed to interact amongst themselves as well as with service providers under well-defined specified but constrained conditions. We explore many advantages and opportunities obtainable through the use of external services triggered by feedback from the system. These services include real time maintenance, troubleshooting and diagnosing the causes of failures, recovery from failures, operational support and help, protection against security and safety infringements, congestion and conflict resolution, overload help through resource sharing etc. Currently in certain network products, a technique of reverse feedback (from the service provider to the system) is in vogue. Some networked products, namely those by Microsoft and IBM, request and receive periodic updates and revisions directly from their vendors. These functions provide the customer with better quality of service and extend the longevity of the system. These also bring the consumers closer to the product developers by suggesting future needs, opinions, improvements and refinements.
Regionalization and harmonization of higher education in Asia

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to see if economic regionalization in Asia is a trend for the future, and if it heralds educational regionalization, thus uniting economic internationalization and education.Design/methodology/approach – This has been shown to be the case in the European Union where it is still a work in progress and may well be sliding backward, and it is certainly the case in Asia where despite or perhaps because of the plethora of regional organizations (well over 100), policies and programs, to say nothing of the continuing historical tensions between nations and sub‐regions, the process of harmonization has lurched along and questions remain as to its long‐term substance.Findings – It is suggested that the proposition of these goals is much easier than the implementation for a variety of political, economic, and cultural reasons.Originality/value – In this study a conceptual framework utilizing the concepts of centripetal and centrifugal forces is introduced to facilitate a focu...
South Africa's subaltern press: A case study in reading a cultural text

The poststructuralist view of language posits that all texts, including cultures as ‘texts,’ are constructed essentially out of their own rhetorics. The meaning of any text is continually ‘deconstructed’ and any imposition of a particular or ‘authorised’ or ‘official’ meaning on an utterance or text is usually an exercise of power. Following a poststructuralist view of language, this article argues that South Africa's subaltern press mirrored in many ways the hegemonic and counterhegemonic forces at work within South Africa's subaltern community. The article shows that struggles for power took the form of struggles for control of the discourse, defining and redefining the discursive strategies used to frame news and entertainment. Even the conditions for authorising news as news, including the question of the newsworthiness of events, could vary from one communal context to another, depending on whether one was ultimately in communion or in conflict with the dominant cultural order. The subaltern communit...
Raging Hormones: Closing the Loop from Bench to Bedside. The Twenty-Second Arnold O. Beckman Conference in Clinical Chemistry

The Twenty-second Annual 1999 Arnold O. Beckman Conference was held on February 21 and 22, 1999, in San Antonio, Texas. In keeping with the tradition of the conference, the goal of this year’s meeting was to strengthen attendees’ knowledge of clinical endocrinology and the use of the clinical laboratory. The conference was divided into four sessions: basic science, diabetes, bone, and diagnostic endocrinology.
Rorschach Inkblot Test

The Rorschach inkblot test is a popular performance-based personality test developed by Hermann Rorschach (1884–1922). The test consists of 10 inkblots: 5 are achromatic and 5 include chromatic colors. Respondents are asked what the inkblots “might be.” Their responses are coded, tabulated, and compared with norms for interpretation. In the mid 1900s, several Rorschach systems emerged in the United States. In 1974 John E. Exner (1928–2006) surveyed the literature to compile the most empirically supported variables from these systems into one, called the Comprehensive System (CS). Regardless of the Rorschach system, there has long been controversy surrounding the reliability and validity of the test's scores. Recently there have been significant efforts to review and summarize the empirical Rorschach literature. Building on these literature reviews, and following Exner's death in 2006, there is also a new Rorschach system that attempts to address criticisms and increase the likelihood of its reliable and valid use. Keywords: personality; psychology of personality; psychometric testing; Rorschach, Hermann; assessment
Role of Physicochemical Properties and Ligand Lipophilicity Efficiency in Addressing Drug Safety Risks

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of physiochemical properties and ligand lipophilicity efficiency in addressing drug safety risks. A significant challenge to drug discoverers and the pharmaceutical industry is to reduce the cost of exploring exciting new mechanisms of action and converting them into new medicines for the patient. Subsequently, adverse safety findings can have four fundamental origins and combinations: the primary pharmacology or mechanism of action of the compound under study; the secondary pharmacology of the compound under study; the presence of a well-defined structural fragment; and the overall physicochemical properties of the compound. The chapter summarizes recent developments regarding the role of physicochemical properties in safety liability and the emerging use of physicochemical property-based lead optimization using lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE or LipE). It also illustrates the examples regarding the application of strategies based on increasing LLE or LipE and optimizing physicochemical properties as the key components of medicinal chemistry programs.
Identification of a New Sequence-Specific Endonuclease, NgoII, from Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Abstract A class II restriction endonuclease which recognizes the same nucleotide sequence as EndoR·HaeIII has been found in four of seven isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae tested.
Modeling the 2003 halloween events with EMMREM: Energetic particles, radial gradients, and coupling to MHD

present a study of the October/November 2003 Halloween solar energetic particle events with an energetic particle acceleration and propagation model that is part of EMMREM, highlighting the current ability of the framework to make predictions at various locations of the inner heliosphere. We compare model predictions with Ulysses observations of protons at energies above 10 MeV in order to obtain realistic proton fluxes and calculate radial gradients for peak fluxes, event fluences, and radiation dosimetric quantities. From our study, we find that a power law with an index of −3.55 at energy of 200 MeV describes the time‐integrated energetic proton fluence dependence on radial distances beyond 1 AU for the 2003 Halloween events, and an index of −4.18 is appropriate for peak proton fluxes at that energy. Calculations of radiation doses based on these simulations show average power law indices of −4.32 and −3.64 for peak dose rates and accumulated doses, respectively. In an effort to improve the predictions, we have coupled our kinetic code to results from a 3‐D heliospheric magnetohydrodynamic model, WSA/Enlil. While predictions with the coupled model overall show worse agreement than simulations with steady state solar wind conditions for these large events, the capability to couple energetic particle propagation and numerical models of the solar wind is an important step in the future development of space weather modeling.
Rheumatology patient and physician concordance with respect to important health and symptom status outcomes.

Objective In chronic diseases such as arthritis, patients' priorities and values are of prime importance in the measurement of outcome. Relatively few indices take this into account. We sought to identify individual rheumatology patients' choices for important health and symptom status outcomes and assess physicians' ability to detect them. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study design was used to examine rheumatology patients' choices for important health and symptom status outcomes. A descriptive summary of patients' choices of “most important” health and symptom status outcomes was compiled. The sensitivity and specificity of physicians' ability to detect their patients' choices for important health or symptom status outcomes were calculated. Results The sample consisted of 79 rheumatology patients, 30 men and 49 women, with a mean age of 52.6 years. The feeling of being in control was the mental health outcome rated most important by the largest number of the patients (42%); cognitive function (making decisions, solving problems) (22%), feelings of being happy (18%), and feelings of being satisfied (16%) were also rated as being “most important” by many patients. Feelings of hope were rated “most important” by the fewest patients (2%). The physicians' sensitivity to detecting patients' choices of most important outcomes was highest for social functioning and lowest for mental functioning. The specificity to detect patients' choices of less important outcomes was highest for physical functioning and lowest for symptom status. Conclusion In this study involving 4 rheumatologists, patients were found to differ in their choices of important health and symptom status outcomes. Physicians often fail to identify these choices.
Cavity ringdown spectroscopy for soot measurement in diesel exhaust

Cavity ringdown specectroscopy (CRDS) methods have become widely used for trace gas concentration measurements as an enhanced absorption spectroscopy method. We have applied CDRS to a sample cell and simulated particulate soot to develop a CDRS system that will allow rapid measurement of soot absorption and hence density in raw diesel engine exhaust. Results will be shown from several similar systems illustrating the range of improvements available from system optimization. A final system will be shown that appears to be reasonably successful in terms of sensitivity, but is at present not able to provide reliable single-shot measurements. Illustrations of future modifications we plan to develop the single-shot capability will be shown.
Corruption, Reform, and Virtue Ethics

Books reviewed in this article: Gerald E. Caiden, O.P. Dwivedi, and Joseph Jabbra (eds.), Where Corruption Lies Susan Rose-Ackerman, Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform Peter Kobrak, Cozy Politics: Political Parties, Campaign Finance, and Compromised Governance Raymond J. Devettere, Introduction to Virtue Ethics: Insights of the Ancient Greeks
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement is safe in patients undergoing corticosteroid therapy.

Background Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement is performed commonly in patients unable to eat. Corticosteroids have been shown to increase the incidence of infections in patients undergoing surgical gastrostomy. The safety of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients receiving corticosteroids has not been demonstrated.
Off-Target Effect of doublecortin Family shRNA on Neuronal Migration Associated with Endogenous MicroRNA Dysregulation

Acute gene inactivation using short hairpin RNA(shRNA,knockdown)indevelopingbrainisapowerfultechnique to study genetic function; however, dis-crepancies between knockdown and knockout mu-rine phenotypes have left unanswered questions.For example, doublecortin (Dcx) knockdown but notknockout shows a neocortical neuronal migrationphenotype. Here we report that in utero electropo-ration of shRNA, but not siRNA or miRNA, to Dcxdemonstrates a migration phenotype in Dcx knock-outs akin to the effect in wild-type mice, suggest-ing shRNA-mediated off-target toxicity. This effectwas not limited to Dcx, as it was observed in Dclk1knockouts, as well as with a fraction of scrambledshRNAs, suggesting a sequence-dependent but notsequence-speciﬁc effect. Proﬁling RNAs from elec-troporated cells showed a defect in endogenous let7miRNA levels, and disruption of let7 or Dicer recapit-ulated the migration defect. The results suggest thatshRNA-mediatedknockdowncanproduce untowardmigration effects by altering endogenous miRNApathways.
Long range internal stresses in single-phase crystalline materials

Abstract Backstresses, or long range internal stresses (LRISs), have been suggested by many to exist in plastically deformed crystalline materials. Elevated stresses may be present in regions of elevated dislocation density or dislocation heterogeneities in the deformed microstructures. The heterogeneities include dislocation pile-ups, edge dislocation dipole bundles and cell walls in monotonically and cyclically deformed materials. The existence of LRIS is especially important for the understanding of cyclic deformation and monotonic deformation. Theories and supporting experiments for assessing LRIS will all be discussed in this review. This review includes several new developments over the past few years.
In a World of Diversity, a Search for Unity

Holyoak, Marcel, Mathew A. Leibold, and Robert D. Holt, editors. 2005. Metacommunities: spatial dynamics and ecological communities. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. xi + 513 p. $95.00 (cloth), ISBN: 0-226-35063-0 (alk. paper); $38.00 (paper), ISBN: 0-226-35064-9 (alk. paper).
A parallel domain decomposition finite element method for massively parallel computers

Abstract New massively parallel computer architectures have revolutionized the design of computer algorithms, and promise to have significant influence on algorithms for engineering computations. The traditional global model method has a limited benefit for massively parallel computers. An alternative method is to use the domain decomposition approach. This paper explores the potential for the domain decomposition strategy through actual computations. The example of a three-dimensional linear static finite element analysis is presented on the BBN Butterfly TC2000 massively parallel computer with up to 104 processors. The numerical results indicate that the parallel domain decomposition method requires a lower computation time than the parallel global model method. Also, the parallel domain decomposition approach offers a better speed-up than does the parallel global model method.
Sustained, Natural Spawning of Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma Under an Extended Photothermal Regime

Hormone-induced spawning of southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma has produced substantial numbers of viable eggs, but wide variations in fertilization and hatch rates have been reported. Recently, sustained natural spawning of southern flounder broodstock, without hormone induction, has been achieved in our laboratory. Adults (average weight = 1.12 kg; N= 25), including 6 captured as juveniles in 1993 and 19 captured as adults during September 1998, were stocked in two 4.8-m3 controlled-environment tanks in October 1998 and held under natural photothermal conditions until January 1999, when an artificial winter photo-period of 10 L:14 D was initiated and then maintained through April 1999. Sex ratio was approximately 13 females:8 males:7 unknown. Natural spawning was observed in early December 1998 and increased in frequency to a peak in March 1999, before declining in late April. Water temperature ranged from 13.9 to 24.5 C during the spawning period. Natural spawnings over 142 d produced a total of 18.3 × 106 eggs, with a mean fertilization rate of 28.0% (range = 0–100%), yielding 4.94 × 106 fertilized eggs. The mean percentage of eggs that remained buoyant in full-strength seawater (34 ppt) was 41.3% (0–98%), while hatching rate of buoyant eggs was 37.3% (0–99%) and survival of yolksac larvae to the first-feeding stage was 30.2% (0–100%). Gonadal biopsies in late April identified six females from both tanks as probable spawners. A preliminary comparison suggests that natural spawning produced much larger numbers of viable eggs per female, with higher egg quality (i.e., fertilization and hatching success) than hormone-induced spawning. In contrast to natural spawning, hormone-induced strip-spawning enabled timing of spawnings to be more precisely controlled. These results suggest that a combination of both natural and hormone-induced spawning of photothermally conditioned fish will help produce the large numbers of eggs required to support commercial production.
Intracellular Ca2+ channel immunoreactivity in neuroendocrine axon terminals

Abstract The concentration of neuroendocrine terminals in the neurohypophysis facilitates the identification and localization of Ca 2+ channel subtypes near neuroendocrine release sites. Immunoblots of rat neurohypophysial tissue identified the α 1 1.3, α 1 2.1, α 1 2.2, and α 1 2.3 Ca 2+ channel subunits. Immunofluorescence staining of axon terminal plasma membranes was weak, suggesting that Ca 2+ channels are dispersed. This contrasts with the highly punctate α 1 2.2 immunoreactivity in bovine chromaffin cells; the neurohypophysial terminals may therefore lack the specialized release zones found in those cells. Immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling identify dense core granule-like structures in the terminal cytoplasm containing multiple Ca 2+ channel types. Ca 2+ channels in internal membranes may play an important role in channel targeting and distribution in neuroendocrine cells.
Sources of recency effects in free recall.

When people memorize a list of words, they tend to recall items at the end of the list more often than those in the middle. This advantage for terminal items in recall is known as the recency effect. Recency effects have often been attributed to output from primary memory, a short-term memory buffer
Jejunal interposition as remedial operation for severe dumping syndrome.

Abstract A study of 599 patients who underwent gastric surgery at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Clarksburg, West Virgina, between 1951 and 1971 was conducted. Eleven patients in whom a severe dumping syndrome developed which did not respond to conservative therapy underwent jejunal interposition. All achieved good to excellent results, tolerated high carbohydrate diets, and were able to drink liquids with their meals.
A mathematical evaluation of the thymic weight parameter

Abstract The present study was undertaken to evaluate quantitatively the normal weight changes of the thymus gland which occur with aging, in order to help evaluate the involution of this sensitive gland which occurs as a toxic or stress manifestation. Normal rats, 195 males ranging in age from 3 weeks to 1 year, were studied. In addition to absolute and relative thymic weight, body growth, and testicular growth were evaluated as comparators. Computer-derived regression equations of the normal, logarithmic body growth curves yielded the equation 1 0.0016+9.3698(0.1324) t which describes the simple transformed growth data of our population of Sprague-Dawley rats. Similarly, allometric description of the log log plotted relative thymic weight data yields the linear equation, Y = (1.021 × 10−4)t0.82, if the complex changes in the growth pattern of the thymus during the 6.5–9-week age period are excluded. It can be concluded from these quantitative characterizations that (1) the use of the relative thymus weight is possible and perhaps preferable to the use of absolute thymus weight if a log log transformation of thymus data is employed; (2) the use of rats of the same age is essential for testing if the thymus index is used, although correction for age differences by means of the above equation might have limited value; and (3) the use of rats during the 6.5–9-week age period be prohibited if the thymus index is used, since intrinsic, physiologic factors greatly influence the parameter during this period.
Grade Level Arrangements— What Are the Differences?

How does changing the grade level patterns in a school district affect the students involved? These writers studied one district where such changes were made. Their findings provide some answers.
System identification: an experimental verification

Description d'une nouvelle methode d'identification de systeme pour l'estimation de parametres mecaniques de disques durs 8 pouces dans une unite de fabrication. Bon accord avec les resultats obtenus par des methodes conventionnelles et apport potentiel dans l'evaluation des performances et de la qualite des produits
First documentation of flehmen in a common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)

A male common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) was observed giving a flehmen grimace on 14 occasions in July and August of 1998 at the Denver Zoo. Twelve instances of flehmen occurred after anogenital investigation of the female as she was exiting the pool. The two other instances of flehmen occurred in the terrestrial portion of the enclosure after the male examined samples of the female's freshly voided urine. The frequency of flehmen increased as the female approached estrus. Flehmen in common hippos may be an example of an evolutionary remnant. Zoo Biol 18:415–420, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of and therapeutic approaches for overcoming resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN)

The majority of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which has been associated with poor treatment response and survival. However, only modest success has been achieved with the use of single agents that target EGFR, possibly due to primary and acquired resistance. This review will discuss key mechanisms of and therapeutic approaches to overcoming resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in SCCHN. Recent preclinical and clinical investigations have demonstrated that other ErbB family receptors (eg, HER2 and HER3) and other horizontal resistance mechanisms, as well as activation of downstream signaling pathways, epigenetic events, and nuclear EGFR, are possible mediators of resistance to anti-EGFR therapeutics. Key downstream pathways that may be implicated in EGFR resistance include phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Multiple agents that target EGFR and other ErbB family members (ie, lapatinib, afatinib, and dacomitinib), as well as combination therapies that target EGFR and selected other pathways (eg, VEGF, mTOR, and c-Met) are being investigated clinically. In addition, several phase II and III trials continue to investigate strategies to enhance the efficacy of EGFR-targeted therapy in SCCHN.
Alternative route urban teacher retention and implications for principals’ moral leadership

Early murmurs concerning teacher attrition in the United States have risen to an alarming level since the 1990s. Given that half of the 1990s teaching force were/are expected to retire between 2000 and 2010, the cry has been heard loud and clearly throughout the nation. Furthermore, today’s fledgling teachers are fleeing at astronomical rates, particularly in economically challenged urban areas. Alternative route certification programmes are one example of states’ and cities’ attempts to fill urban classrooms with highly qualified teachers. This paper addresses the potential for retaining urban alternative route teachers. What is revealed is that teacher retention, though multi‐layered, implicates principals’ moral leadership. As such, traditional leadership methods, roles and responsibilities are called into question. The paper addresses the relationships between alternative route urban teacher retention and educational leadership and proposes a discourse in support of moral leadership. Findings suggest ...
Habiter la terre : une lecture de l’Acte d’indépendance d’Haïti

L’Acte d’independance d’Haiti n’est jamais questionne ; archive une fois pour toutes, il souscrit a la norme du registre : acte de naissance, de bapteme, de mariage… Pourtant, son redacteur, Boisrond-Tonnerre, n’avait pas a sa disposition un formulaire a remplir, a la maniere de l’officier d’etat civil. Il se devait de produire son discours. Ce qui en est ressorti, c’est une vision du monde dont lui et ses contemporains n’etaient pas forcement conscients. Le simulacre depasse la proclamation de naissance de l’Etat haitien, il legitime l’entree sur la terre d’une nouvelle categorie d’hommes, dont l’argument essentiel devient le sang, un sang attribue a tort a Boisrond-Tonnerre pour sa celebre declaration du 31 decembre 1803, mais qui n’est autre que la caution a l’integration de l’etat humain. De toutes les instances de cet univers semiotique, deux seulement peuvent s’octroyer sans ambages le poste de sujet : l’officiant, role que Boisrond s’est attribue, et le general en chef, veritable sujet-destinateur qui commande aux generaux de renoncer a la France pour le bonheur du pays. L’Acte d’independance d’Haiti est ici mis en comparaison sur ce plan semiotique avec la Declaration d’independance des Etats-Unis et avec la declaration des Droits de l’homme en France.
280. Olanzapine therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a relatively common condition, for which there is no standard of pharmacological treatment. Preclinical research with the learned helplessness animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder, and prior clinical research with nefazodone, suggests that serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonists may successfully treat PTSD, including the “core” or intrusive symptoms. Since the atypical neuroleptic olanzapine (Zyprexa) has antagonist properties at the 5-HT2 receptor, we undertook a multi-site open label study of olanzapine in veterans with combat induced PTSD. Patients are recruited from VA clinics in Dallas, Fort Worth, Waco, Austin, and San Antonio. All procedures have been approved by the relevant ethical review committees, and no procedure is performed without fully informed, signed, witnessed consent. After evaluation and washout, patients are titrated up to a maximum dose of 20 mg per day, as tolerated. Primary outcome measure is the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and secondary measures are the Hamilton Rating Scales for Anxiety and for Depression (HRSA, HRSD). Patients are seen in clinic weekly. Target enrollment for this ongoing study is 60. We have performed an interim analysis on the first 14 patients who received an “adequate” trial, defined as 4 weeks of therapy. The most significant improvement over baseline was seen in the total CAPS score (F 5 14.1, p 5 0.0001) and in the Cluster B (core symptoms) subscale score (F 5 14.8, p 5 0.0001). Significant improvement was also seen on the other CAPS subcales and on the HRSA and HRSD. If these findings continue in the larger sample, larger scale, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trials should be considered. Also, the efficacy of olanzapine in civilian PTSD should be tested.
Evaluation of Supermarket Tour Vs. Traditional Classroom Setting for Delivering Nutrition Education to Family Day Care Providers

Abstract A pre- and post-test was used to asses knowledge, attitudes and behavior of 40 family day care providers enrolled in a nutrition education program delivered either as a supermarket tour (N=20) or in a classroom setting (N=20). 9 knowledge questions covered label reading, unit cost, lean meat selection, saving money and protein/calcium content of cheese. 7 attitude questions examined taste and cost of healthy food, shopping skills, nutrition labels, foods supporting the US Dietary Guidelines, and stage of change regarding purchase of fruits and vegetables. 9 behavior questions looked at intentions to use program information and to purchase various foods. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the t-test. No statistically significant differences were identified in the mean score responses between supermarket tour and classroom groups. However, statistical differences were realized when the data from both groups were combined: specifically for knowledge questions about label reading for wheat bread, and protein and calcium content of cheeses (p
Synthesis of methane gas hydrate in porous sediments and its dissociation by depressurizing

Abstract The clathrate compounds of methane gas hydrate (MGH) was synthesized in laboratory at a temperature of 273.5 K and at a pressure of 6.8–13.6 MPa, consisting of solid phase MGH dispersed within various custom-designed porous sediments. This synthesized MGH looks almost like the MGH made by Mother Nature in the strata in the natural gas hydrate (NGH) field. Using this synthesized MGH, the dissociation rate was measured by depressurizing method. From experimental results, the kinetic dissociation rate equation and order of the reaction were derived. It was found through experiments that the dissociation rate could be adjusted by the control of sediment properties. With respect to MGH formation reaction, the reaction rate equation and its reaction order were also derived.
Mechanism of depletion of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides.

Abstract Studies have been carried out on the mechanism of inactivation of pyridine coenzymes in rat-liver mitochondria in the presence of inorganic phosphate and other agents. The inactivation has been found to occur through three stages: (a) the oxidation of the reduced coenzymes, primarily reduced TPN, (b) the leakage of the oxidized pyridine coenzymes from the mitochondria, and (c) the cleavage of the oxidized forms by an extra-mitochondrial DPNase. A correlation has been established between the oxidation of the reduced coenzymes and the swelling of the mitochondria. Substances which inhibit the swelling also suppress the oxidation. The destruction of the pyridine nucleotides is a secondary effect and is not related to the swelling process. Nicotinamide which inhibits the destruction of the coenzymes has no effect on the oxidation, release of the pyridine nucleotides or swelling. Succinate has been found to inhibit the release of the pyridine coenzymes as well as the swelling of the mitochondria. Malonate abolishes this effect of succinate. In addition to succinate, isocitrate and glutamate as well as cyanide and amytal are capable of suppressing the loss of the pyridine nucleotides from the mitochondria. Reduced coenzymes have not been observed to be lost directly from the mitochondria. Oxidation of the reduced forms appears to be essential before their release and destruction.
A comparison of 2 laboratory methods to test dental unit waterline water quality

The performance of 2 American Public Health Association standard laboratory methods, the R2A spread plate and the SimPlate(TM) for heterotrophic plate count, for quantifying heterotrophic microorganisms in dental waterline samples was evaluated. Microbial counts were underestimated on SimPlate(TM) compared with R2A, and the results indicated a poor correlation between the 2 methods.
Linearly-Constrained Adaptive Signal Processing Methods

In adaptive least-squares estimation problems, a desired signal d(n) is estimated using a linear combination of L observation values samples xi (n), x2(n), . . . , xL-1(n) and denoted by the vector X(n). The estimate is formed as the inner product of this vector with a corresponding L-dimensional weight vector W. One particular weight vector of interest is Wopt which minimizes the mean-square between d(n) and the estimate. In this context, the term `mean-square difference' is a quadratic measure such as statistical expectation or time average. The specific value of W which achieves the minimum is given by the prod-uct of the inverse data covariance matrix and the cross-correlation between the data vector and the desired signal. The latter is often referred to as the P-vector. For those cases in which time samples of both the desired and data vector signals are available, a variety of adaptive methods have been proposed which will guarantee that an iterative weight vector Wa(n) converges (in some sense) to the op-timal solution. Two which have been extensively studied are the recursive least-squares (RLS) method and the LMS gradient approximation approach. There are several problems of interest in the communication and radar environment in which the optimal least-squares weight set is of interest and in which time samples of the desired signal are not available. Examples can be found in array processing in which only the direction of arrival of the desired signal is known and in single channel filtering where the spectrum of the desired response is known a priori. One approach to these problems which has been suggested is the P-vector algorithm which is an LMS-like approximate gradient method. Although it is easy to derive the mean and variance of the weights which result with this algorithm, there has never been an identification of the corresponding underlying error surface which the procedure searches. The purpose of this paper is to suggest an alternative approach to providing adaptive solutions to problems in which samples of d(n) are unavailable.
RECIPROCITY OF GROWTH FUNCTIONS OF COXETER GROUPS

The growth series W(t) of a Coxeter system (W, S) is always a rational function. We prove that for a very general class of infinite Coxeter groups, this function satisfies W(t−1)=±W(t).
Growth and regression of vasculature in healthy and diabetic mice after hindlimb ischemia

The formation of vascular networks during embryogenesis and early stages of development encompasses complex and tightly regulated growth of blood vessels, followed by maturation of some vessels, and spatially controlled disconnection and pruning of others. The adult vasculature, while more quiescent, is also capable of adapting to changing physiological conditions by remodeling blood vessels. Numerous studies have focused on understanding key factors that drive vessel growth in the adult in response to ischemic injury. However, little is known about the extent of vessel rarefaction and its potential contribution to the final outcome of vascular recovery. We addressed this topic by characterizing the endogenous phases of vascular repair in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. We showed that this process is biphasic. It encompasses an initial rapid phase of vessel growth, followed by a later phase of vessel rarefaction. In healthy mice, this process resulted in partial recovery of perfusion and completely restored the ability of mice to run voluntarily. Given that the ability to revascularize can be compromised by a cardiovascular risk factor such as diabetes, we also examined vascular repair in diabetic mice. We found that paradoxically both the initial growth and subsequent regression of collateral vessels were more pronounced in the setting of diabetes and resulted in impaired recovery of perfusion and impaired functional status. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the formation of functional collateral vessels in the hindlimb requires vessel growth and subsequent vessel rarefaction. In the setting of diabetes, the physiological defect was not in the initial formation of vessels but rather in the inability to sustain newly formed vessels.
Slow strain rate stress corrosion testing at elevated temperatures and high pressures

Abstract Slow strain rate stress corrosion cracking experiments have been performed on single phase and duplex phase 304 stainless steels at 290°C. Environmental variables included chloride concentrations (0–1000 ppm), oxygen concentration (0–2 ppm) and potential ( ϕ corr to + 500 mV vs Ag/AgCl). These experiments have shown that s.c.c. resistance is relatively unaffected by Cl − if O 2 concentrations approach zero. However, at 2 ppm O 2 concentration, there is a large decrease in resistance with increasing Cl − concentrations. Anodic polarization of the steels during straining in solutions containing 100 ppm Cl − and 0 ppm O 2 showed a threshold potential for s.c.c. at ∼ 500 mV more noble than the corrosion potential (− 650 ± 60 mV vs Ag/AgCl at temperature).
SLIDING NOT SLOSHING IN A3744: THE INFLUENCE OF RADIO GALAXIES NGC 7018 AND 7016 ON CLUSTER GAS

We present new X-ray (Chandra) and radio (JVLA) observations of the nearby cluster A3744. It hosts two prominent radio galaxies with powers in the range critical for radio-mode feedback. The radio emission from these galaxies terminates in buoyant tendrils reaching the cluster's outer edge, and the radio-emitting plasma clearly influences the cluster's X-ray-emitting atmosphere. The cluster's average gas temperature, of kT = 3.5 keV, is high for its bolometric luminosity of 3.2 × 1043 erg s–1, but the 100 kpc-scale cavity carved out by radio-emitting plasma shows evidence of less than 2% of the excess enthalpy. We suggest instead that a high-velocity encounter with a galaxy group is responsible for dispersing and increasing the entropy of the gas in this non-cool-core cluster. We see no evidence for shocks, or established isobaric gas motions (sloshing), but there is much sub-structure associated with a dynamically active central region that encompasses the brightest radio emission. Gas heating is evident in directions perpendicular to the inferred line of encounter between the infalling group and cluster. The radio-emitting tendrils run along boundaries between gas of different temperature, apparently lubricating the gas flows and inhibiting heat transfer. The first stages of the encounter may have helped trigger the radio galaxies into their current phase of activity, where we see X-rays from the nuclei, jets, and hotspots.
Out on a Limb: The Efficacy of Teacher Induction in Secondary Schools.

This article reports the results of a qualitative meta-analysis study of the research and literature on the efficacy of teacher induction on the retention of high-quality secondary school teachers ...
Palliation for the dying.

Palliation for the Dying Madam: In "Palliation in the Age of Chronic Disease" (HCR January-February 1992), Joseph J. Fins categorizes the patient's treatment as either palliative or therapeutic; however, there is a fine line between the two, and this case is too complex to reduce to simplistic terminology. Fins claims that a life expectancy of three years suggests that the surgery would be therapeutic, but at six months it is unclear. Is there a timetable
AN ANALYSIS OF AMENORRHEA BY THE USE OF COMMERCIAL PROLACTIN AND THE LUTEINIZING HORMONE1

The production of an inhibition of the estrous cycle in the rodent has been reported repeatedly with the use of various hormones as well as with other agents. The mechanism is obviously complicated, for anestrus may be produced through the inhibition of the gonadotropic hormones or it may occur as a result of a direct action upon the ovary itself. This phenomenon is of clinical interest since it may explain one of the causes of functional amenorrhea in the human, and indicate its proper treatment. On the other hand, if the mechanism can be sufficiently understood it may prove of value in the treatment of uterine hemorrhage of functional origin by enabling one to produce a temporary amenorrhea when it is desired. It is our purpose in this communication, therefore, to present what we believe may possibly be one of the fundamental factors concerned in the production of amenorrhea. It is an established fact that a large number of patients who lactate following parturition have periods of amenorrhea varying fr...
Optimality of the Delaunay triangulation in źd

In this paper we present new optimality results for the Delaunay triangulation of a set of points in ?d. These new results are true in all dimensionsd. In particular, we define a power function for a triangulation and show that the Delaunay triangulation minimizes the power function over all triangulations of a point set. We use this result to show that (a) the maximum min-containment radius (the radius of the smallest sphere containing the simplex) of the Delaunay triangulation of a point set in ?d is less than or equal to the maximum min-containment radius of any other triangulation of the point set, (b) the union of circumballs of triangles incident on an interior point in the Delaunay triangulation of a point set lies inside the union of the circumballs of triangles incident on the same point in any other triangulation of the point set, and (c) the weighted sum of squares of the edge lengths is the smallest for Delaunay triangulation, where the weight is the sum of volumes of the triangles incident on the edge. In addition we show that if a triangulation consists of only self-centered triangles (a simplex whose circumcenter falls inside the simplex), then it is the Delaunay triangulation.
A new two-dimensional flux-limited shock viscosity for impact calculations

Abstract Recent research in computational methods for capturing shocks has largely been directed towards solving steady-state supersonic flow problems in aerospace applications. Shock waves are also important in many problems in solid mechanics. Many experimental techniques, such as the split Hopkinson bar, rely on the propagation of shocks. The formation of ductile superconductors and other experimental materials rely on shock loading. Underground caverns for oil recovery are formed using explosives, requiring an accurate calculation of the explosively generated shockwave for an accurate prediction of the cavern size. Within the solid mechanics community, the traditional approach to capturing shocks automatically is the introduction of a shock viscosity into the calculation. A new two-dimensional viscosity for Lagrangian codes, based on a one-dimensional viscosity developed for Eulerian codes, is presented.
Combined Modality Approaches in the Management of Adult Glioblastoma

Over the past two decades, management of newly diagnosed glioblastoma has undergone significant evolution. While surgery has long been a mainstay of management for this disease, and while radiotherapy has a proven survival role, initial efforts at radiotherapy dose escalation, use of radiosurgery, brachytherapy, and altered fractionation did not improve patient survival. Recently, multiple modality therapy integrating maximal safe resection, postoperative radiation, and new systemic therapies have resulted in improved patient outcomes compared with older regimens utilizing surgery and postoperative radiation alone. Numerous trials are currently underway investigating the combination of surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy with targeted agents to find ways to further improve outcomes for adults with glioblastoma.
Surface plasmon of a semiconductor superlattice.

A simple explicit dispersion relation is given for the surface plasmon of a semi-infinite layered electron gas. Two limiting cases are discussed. Effects of the optical phonons and magnetic field are discussed.
A new gigantic pycnodont fish from the Juana Lopez Member of the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale of New Mexico, U.S.A.

Pycnodonts are extinct neopterygian fishes that lived from the Late Triassic through the middle Eocene, spanning approximately 175 million years where they became particularly diversified during th...
Marketing of menthol cigarettes and consumer perceptions: a review of tobacco industry documents

Objective To examine tobacco industry marketing of menthol cigarettes and to determine what the tobacco industry knew about consumer perceptions of menthol. Methods A snowball sampling design was used to systematically search the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (LTDL) (http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu) between 28 February and 27 April 2010. Of the approximately 11 million documents available in the LTDL, the iterative searches returned tens of thousands of results from the major US tobacco companies and affiliated organisations. A collection of 953 documents from the 1930s to the first decade of the 21st century relevant to 1 or more of the research questions were qualitatively analysed, as follows: (1) are/were menthol cigarettes marketed with health reassurance messages? (2) What other messages come from menthol cigarette advertising? (3) How do smokers view menthol cigarettes? (4) Were menthol cigarettes marketed to specific populations? Results Menthol cigarettes were marketed as, and are perceived by consumers to be, healthier than non-menthol cigarettes. Menthol cigarettes are also marketed to specific social and demographic groups, including African–Americans, young people and women, and are perceived by consumers to signal social group belonging. Conclusions The tobacco industry knew consumers perceived menthol as healthier than non-menthol cigarettes, and this was the intent behind marketing. Marketing emphasising menthol attracts consumers who may not otherwise progress to regular smoking, including young, inexperienced users and those who find ‘regular’ cigarettes undesirable. Such marketing may also appeal to health-concerned smokers who might otherwise quit.