cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Separator characteristics for increasing performance of microbial fuel cells.

Two challenges for improving the performance of air cathode, single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) include increasing Coulombic efficiency (CE) and decreasing internal resistance. Nonbiodegradable glass fiber separators between the two electrodes were shown to increase power and CE, compared to cloth separators (J-cloth) that were degraded over time. MFC tests were conducted using glass fiber mats with thicknesses of 1.0 mm (GF1) or 0.4 mm (GF0.4), a cation exchange membrane (CEM), and a J-cloth (JC), using reactors with different configurations. Higher power densities were obtained with either GF1 (46 ± 4 W/m3) or JC (46 ± 1 W/m3) in MFCs with a 2 cm electrode spacing, when the separator was placed against the cathode (S-configuration), rather than MFCs with GF0.4 (36 ± 1 W/m3) or CEM (14 ± 1 W/m3). Power was increased to 70 ± 2 W/m3 by placing the electrodes on either side of the GF1 separator (single separator electrode assembly, SSEA) and further to 150 ± 6 W/m3 using two sets of electrodes space...
Abstract 4409: A bispecific T-cell engager effectively eradicates EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastoma multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and remains uniformly lethal despite the progress of conventional therapies, which lack specificity and thus result in high toxicity to normal cells. Immunotherapy promises to induce robust tumor-specific immune responses that eliminate neoplastic cells with unparalleled specificity and with no additional toxicity to multimodality therapy. Recently, an approach using recombinant bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), which consist of a tumor-targeting, single-chain antibody conjugated to a single-chain antibody directed against a T-cell activation ligand such as CD3, has arisen as a promising means for treating tumors. Human trials using a CD19XaCD3 BiTE confirmed the potency of these constructs by producing tumor regression in 7/7 patients with non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma. The most significant limitation of these promising constructs, however, is the lack of tumor-specific targets that are frequently and homogeneously expressed. The epidermal growth factor receptor mutation EGFRvIII is a consistent 801-base-pair in-frame deletion in the extracellular domain of EGFR, not expressed in normal tissues but widely expressed in GBM and other common neoplasms. EGFRvIII also produces a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that enhances neoplastic cell growth and migration and confers radiation and chemotherapeutic resistance. Thus EGFRvIII appears to be a perfect anti-tumor target for these novel constructs. Here, we hypothesize that by targeting EGFRvIII through the T-cell engager MR1-1XaCD3, GBM will be efficiently eradicated. To test our hypothesis, we constructed the molecule MR1-1XaCD3, which consists of MR1-1, the murine anti-human EGFRvIII single-chain Fv, and aCD3, the murine anti-human CD3 single-chain Fv. MR1-1XaCD3 was expressed in and purified from bacteria BL21 (DE3), and the activity of this double function molecule was confirmed by FACS showing its specific binding to EGFRvIII-expressing cell lines, as well as human T cells. The cytotoxicity of MR1-1XaCD3 on EGFRvIII-expressing GBM D54MG. EGFRvIII cell lines was measured in vitro by standard chromium release assay. Preliminary results show that the MR1-1 construct is highly cytotoxic and antigen-specific, with an 8-fold increase in specific lysis for D54MG. EGFRvIII over the wild-type control. Currently, the efficacy of MR1-1XaCD3 is being evaluated in NOD/SCID gamma mice where human EGFRvIII-expressing xenografts have been implanted. In summary, our experiments showed that a human EGFRvIII-specific T-cell engager, MR1-1XaCD3, is effective on EGFRvIII-expressing tumor cells and provide new insights into GBM treatments. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4409.
Parallelizing genetic linkage analysis: a case study for applying parallel computation in molecular biology

Abstract Parallel computers offer a solution to improve the lengthy computation time of many conventional, sequential programs used in molecular biology. On a parallel computer, different pieces of the computation are performed simultaneously on different processors. LINKMAP is a sequential program widely used by scientists to perform genetic linkage analysis. We have converted LINKMAP to run on a parallel computer, using the machine-independent parallel programming language, Linda. Using the parallelization of LINKMAP as a case study, the paper outlines an approach to converting existing highly iterative programs to a parallel form. The paper describes the steps involved in converting the sequential program to a parallel program. It presents performance benchmarks comparing the sequential version of LINKMAP with the parallel version running on different parallel machines. The paper also discusses alternative approaches to the problem of “load balancing”, making sure the computational load is shared as evenly as possible among the available processors.
Solubility of CO 2 in a Ca-rich leucitite: effects of pressure, temperature, and oxygen fugacity

The solubility of carbon dioxide in a Ca-rich leucitite has been investigated as a function of pressure (0.1–2.0 GPa), temperature (1200–1600°C), and oxygen fugacity. The experiments were done in a rapid-quench internally-heated pressure vessel (0.1 GPa) and a piston cylinder (0.5–2.0 GPa). The leucitite glass, previously equilibrated at NNO, and silver oxalate were loaded in Fe-doped Pt capsules (oxidized conditions) and graphitelined Pt capsules (reduced conditions). Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and bulk carbon analyses were used to determine the amount of dissolved carbon. Speciation of carbon was characterized by Fourier transform microinfrared spectroscopy. At oxidized conditions, only CO3 2- is observed as a dissolved species. The solubility is high with CO2 contents in the melt attaining 6.2 wt% at 2.0 GPa and 1350°C. The solubility increases with pressure and shows a significant negative temperature dependence. An excellent correlation is obtained when the data are fit to a model, based on the simplified solubility reaction CO2 (vapor)+O2-(melt)⇒CO3 2-(melt), which describes the solubility of CO2 as a function of pressure, temperature and fCO2. At reduced conditions, the amount of carbon dissolved is significantly lower, and CO3 2- is still the only species present in the melt. If the solubility model established at oxidized conditions is applied, the carbon dissolved appears to be essentially a function of fCO2 alone although divergence increases in a consistent manner with pressure and temperature. This could suggest a low but significant solubility of CO with a positive temperature dependence or a departure of the calculated fluid compositions determined by the equation of state from the actual ones. The strong preferential solubility of carbon in its oxidized C4+ form, even at reduced conditions, implies that ascending melts with high CO2 solubility can experience significant oxidation through degassing. This could reconcile the oxidized nature of some Ca-rich alkaline magmas with more reduced mantle source regions.
Radiative Transfer and Turbulence in the Cloud-topped Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Abstract The effects of longwave and shortwave radiative heating on the coupling between stratocumulus clouds and the boundary layer is investigated using a one-dimensional second-moment turbulence-closure model. The decoupling of a stratiform cloud from the subcloud layer is often a precursor to cloud break up and the transition to scattered cumulus clouds or clear sky. Coupling between cloud and subcloud layers is found to be very sensitive to cloud depth and subcloud layer sensible and latent heat fluxes. In particular, a strong moisture flux can maintain weak coupling between the cloud and subcloud layers so that the lower part of the cloud layer may continue to develop despite the formation of a stable temperature gradient between the top of the subcloud layer and cloud base.The effect of shortwave heating on decoupling is threefold. First, shortwave heating directly offsets the net longwave cooling at cloud top by as much as 30% (in February at latitude 29°N), reducing or eliminating the overall coo...
Information Dissemination Delay in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Networks in a Traffic Stream

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication networks, as one of the core components of connected vehicle systems, have been granted many promising applications to address traffic mobility, safety, and sustainability. However, only a limited amount of work has been completed to understand the fundamental properties of information propagation in such systems, while comprehensively considering traffic and communication reality. Motivated by this view, this proposed research develops analytical formulations to estimate information propagation time delay via a V2V communication network formed on a one-way or two-way road segment with multiple lanes. Distinguished to previous efforts, the proposed study carefully involves several critical communication and traffic flow features in reality, such as wireless communication interference, intermittent information transmission, and dynamic traffic flow. Moreover, this study elaborately analyzes the interactions between information and traffic flow under sparse and congested traffic flow conditions. The numerical experiments based on Next-Generation Simulation field data illustrate that the proposed analytical formulations are able to provide very good estimation, with the relative error less than 5%, for the information propagation time delay on a one-way or two-way road segment under various traffic conditions. The proposed work can be further extended to characterize information propagation time delay and coverage over local transportation networks.
The influence of pH on gas solubilities in aqueous solutions of sodium octanoate at 25°C

Abstract Measurements have been made to determine the solubilities of oxygen, methane, ethane, and propane in aqueous solutions of sodium octanoate at 25°C and at pH values ranging from 7 to 13. The solubility of each gas obeys Henry's law at all surfactant concentrations and pH values. The solubilities measured for each gas are effectively independent of sodium octanoate concentration as well as pH at concentrations well below the CMC, and, within experimental error, are the same as the respective gas solubilities in pure water at 25°C. Above the CMC, the solubility of each gas increases with surfactant concentration indicating micellar solubilization. The degree of solubilization is greatest for propane and decreases in the order: propane > ethane > methane > oxygen. However, unlike the situation at low surfactant concentrations, the individual gas solubilities vary with pH at higher surfactant concentrations. The degree of solubilization is found to be quite constant for each gas at pH values greater than 9, and intramicellar solubilities derived from gas solubility data taken at pH 12 are identical to those determined for a similar surfactant having a seven carbon alkyl chain, sodium 1-heptane sulfonate. However, the extent of solubilization for each gas increases rapidly as the solution pH decreases from 9 to 7, suggesting that mixed micelles composed of octanoic acid and sodium octanoate are more effective solubilizing agents than those of the pure soap.
Distribution and rate of disappearance of fluorene in pond ecosystems

Fluorene, an energy related polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon, was applied to several experimental pond ecosystems to effect concentrations of 0.12, 0.5, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/L. Water, benthic sediment, and rooted macrophytes were monitored for fluorene residues for 56 days after application. Most of the fluorene at concentrations greater than its water solubility appeared to sublime from the surface of the ponds. The rate of disappearance of fluorene from the water decreased as the application rate increased. This reduction was linked to high concentrations and a flux of fluorene from benthic sediments, macrophytes, and pond surfaces to water columns. Several parameters of photosynthetic primary production were statistically linked to the accelerated disappearance of fluorene from the water.
RNA transport and localized protein synthesis in neurological disorders and neural repair.

Neural cells are able to finely tune gene expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms. Localization of mRNAs to subcellular regions has been detected in neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes providing these domains with a locally renewable source of proteins. Protein synthesis in dendrites has most frequently been associated with synaptic plasticity, while axonally synthesized proteins appear to facilitate pathfinding and injury responses. For oligodendrocytes, mRNAs encoding several proteins for myelin formation are locally generated suggesting that this mechanism assists in myelination. Astrocytic processes have not been well studied but localization of GFAP mRNA has been demonstrated. Both RNA transport and localized translation are regulated processes. RNA transport appears to be highly selective and, at least in part, the destiny of individual mRNAs is determined in the nucleus. RNA–protein and protein–protein interactions determine which mRNAs are targeted to subcellular regions. Several RNA binding proteins that drive mRNA localization have also been shown to repress translation during transport. Activity of the translational machinery is also regulated in distal neural cell processes. Clinically, disruption of mRNA localization and/or localized mRNA translation may contribute to pathophysiology of fragile X mental retardation and spinal muscular atrophy. Axonal injury has been shown to activate localized protein synthesis, providing both a means to initiate regeneration and retrogradely signal injury to the cell body. Decreased capacity to transport mRNAs and translational machinery into distal processes could jeopardize the ability to respond to injury or local stimuli within axons and dendrites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Comparison of the experimental and theoretical diffraction characteristics of transmission gratings on planar dielectric waveguides

Experimental diffraction characteristics of dielectric transmission gratings on planar optical waveguides are compared to theoretical results from the rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The deep-grooved square gratings are shown to have high diffraction efficiency (>90%). In particular, the effects of higher orders of diffraction on the diffraction efficiency, at fixed wavelength, are presented in this paper for both TE and TM polarizations. The rigorous coupled-wave analysis is shown to produce excellent general agreement with the measured diffraction characteristics.
Consistent phrase relevance measures

Measuring the relevance between a document and a phrase is fundamental to many information retrieval and matching tasks including on-line advertising. In this paper, we explore two approaches for measuring the relevance between a document and a phrase aiming to provide consistent relevance scores for both in and out-of document phrases. The first approach is a similarity-based method which represents both the document and phrase as term vectors to derive a real-valued relevance score. The second approach takes as input the relevance estimates of some in-document phrases and uses Gaussian Process Regression to predict the score of a target out-of-document phrase. While both of these two approaches work well, the best result is given by a Gaussian Process Regression model, which is significantly better than the similarity-based approach and 10% better than a baseline similarity method using bag-of-word vectors.
Somatosensory Coding of Roughness: The Effect of Texture Adaptation in Direct and Indirect Touch

To examine somatosensory mechanisms contributing to the perception of roughness, subjects examined surfaces with rigorously specified spatial textures under conditions of direct moving contact between the fingertip and the surface (direct touch) and contact through a rigid probe (indirect touch). Subjects were trained to scan the surfaces along a consistent path and with a speed of 2.7 cm/s. With each mode of touch, periods of prolonged inspection of a single adapting surface were followed by shorter periods in which the roughness of multiple test surfaces was reported. Adaptation caused a drop in perceived roughness under conditions of indirect touch, reflecting the reduced sensitivity of vibrotactile mechanisms that are the main recipients of textural information transmitted through the probe. During direct touch, adaptation had no significant effect on the perception of textures with spatial period >200 μm, which are spatially encoded. The results have an important implication for the physiological basis of the spatial code, which is believed to involve somatosensory cortical neurons with highly structured receptive fields: these cortical populations appear to be less susceptible to adaptation than otherwise similar neuronal populations in the visual system.
P2-063: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease

strongest correlations with parietal and medial temporal A burden in MCI (both r -.56, p .001) and superior frontal A burden in HCs (r -.25, p .02). Conclusions: The relationship between cognition and PiB uptake is not regionally specific. The strong relationship between episodic memory impairment (the earliest cognitive change in AD) and PiB uptake in nondemented individuals supports the notion that PiBPET can detect AD prior to development of dementia.
Carrier confinement effects

Abstract Interfaces have a strong effect on the energy levels and transport properties of carriers in inversion and accumulation layers, in quantum wells and superlattices, and at heterojunctions. The effects on energy levels are discussed briefly and the scattering effects are discussed in more detail, including the consequences of a change in effective mass across a heterojunction interface. Edge scattering in narrow inversion layer channels is considered briefly.
Potential anticonvulsants. X. (Reissert compounds studies. LI.) 1-methyl-4-(1-isoquinolinyl)piperidin-4-ol and related compounds

The anion of isoquinoline Reissert Compounds has been condensed with 4-piperidones and pyridinecarb-oxaldehydes to give esters which are easily hydrolyzed to alcohols. The anticonvulsants activity of these alcohols is reported and several are active in the maximal electroshock seizure test.
Hydrolytic Activity of a Neodymium(III) Complex in DNA Cleavage

A azamacrocyclic compound with carboxyl branch, 5,5,7,12,12,1-hexamethy-1,4 ,8,11-tetraazacyclo- tetradecane-N/-acetic acid(L), and its neodymium complex ware synthesized and characterized. The mode of combination of the neodymium complex with DNA was investigated by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy methods. The cutting function of the neodymium complex to supercoiled DNA was studied by gel electrophoresis method. The results show that metal complex can bind to the phosphate of DNA double helix and promote the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bond of supercoiled DNA(Form I); Supercoiled form DNA was transformed into nicked form DNA(Form II) with strong cutting effect of the macrocyclic neodymium complex; the reaction of DNA cut is completed by a hydrolysis mechanism.
Effect of Isotopically Sensitive Branching on Product Distribution for Pentalenene Synthase: Support for a Mechanism Predicted by Quantum Chemistry

Mechanistic proposals for the carbocation cascade reaction leading to the tricyclic sesquiterpene pentalenene are assessed in light of the results of isotopically sensitive branching experiments with the H309A mutant of pentalenene synthase. These experimental results support a mechanism for pentalenene formation involving a 7-protoilludyl cation whose intermediacy was first predicted using quantum-chemical calculations.
Multiple scattering effects in particle creation processes

Abstract Rescattering effects which accompany particle creation on a composite target are calculated using a modified version of the Glauber theory. The correction terms to the creation amplitude can be evaluated for exponentially-diffractive processeses; they lead to a low-mass enhancement in the two-body mass spectrum.
Synthesis and Characterization of Eu3+‐Doped Sol–Gel Silica Containing Vanadium Oxide Nanotubes

Vanadium oxide nanotubes (VOx-NTs), were successfully incorporated into transparent sol–gel-derived silica monoliths that were also doped with Eu3+. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray measurements of the doped silica specimens confirmed the existence of nanotubes in the glass matrix. The influence of VOx-NTs on the transmission of the sol–gel monoliths as well as the absorption and luminescence spectra of the Eu3+ was investigated. The results imply that the inclusion of the VOx-NTs increases the turbidity of the monoliths through both scattering as well as absorption. Further, although less well defined in such a complex system, there also appear to be modifications to the local field around the Eu3+ ions that affect the photoluminescence spectra. Although work remains on the effects of nanotubes on lanthanide dopants, this work provides a framework for preparing transparent nanocomposite glasses that are robust hosts to study the fundamental interactions between nanomaterials and light.
Efficacy of theophylline for prevention of post-extubation respiratory failure in very low birth weight infants†

1. James WW, Hastings S: Discussion on mouth breathing and nasal obstruction. Proc R Soc Med 1932; June:1344 2. Moss ML: The veloepiglottic sphincter and obligate nose breathing in the neonate. J PEDIATR 1965;67:330 3. lngall M, Glaser J, Meltzer RS, Dreyfuss EM: Allergic rhinitis in early infancy. Pediatrics 1965;35:108 4. Pracy R: The diagnosis of respiratory obstruction in infants and small children. Nurs Times 1972;68:930 5. Emery JL: Sudden and unexpected death in infancy. Med World 1958;89:210 6. Shaw EB: Sudden Unexpected death in infancy syndrome. Am J Dis Child 1968;116:115 7. Shaw EB: Sudden unexpected death in infancy syndrome. Am J Dis Child 1970;119:416 8. Swift PGF, Emery JL: Clinical observations on response to nasal occlusion in infancy. Arch Dis Child 1973;48:947 9. Anderson JV, Martin R J, Lough MD, et aI: An improved nasal mask pneumotachomcter for measuring ventilation in neonates. J Appl Physiol 1982;53:1307 10. Parmalee AH, Stern E: Development of states in infants. In: Clemente CD, ed: Sleep and the maturing nervous system. New York: Academic Press, 1972 11. Armitage P: Statistical methods in medical research. New York: John Wiley; 1971; pp 205:206 12. Patrick GA, Sharp GR: Oronasal distribution Of inspiratory flow during various ~.ctivities. J Physiol (Lond) 1970;206:22 13. Saibene F, Mognoni P, Lafortuna CL, Mostardi R: Oronasal breathing during exercise. Pfieugers Arch 1978;378:65 14. Ninimaa V, Cole P, Mintz S, Shephard RJ: The switching point from nasal to oronasal breathing. Respir Physiol 1980;42:6 15. Saiber~e F~ Mognoni P, Sant Ambrogio G: Lavoro respiratorio e ventilazione al passagio dalt respirazione nasale a quelle orale. Boll Soc Biol Sper 1965;41:1550 16. Butler J: The work of breathing through the nose. Clin Sci 1960;19:55 17. Stanescu DC, Perlmutter N, Rodenstein DD: Nasal breathing in infants is not obligatory. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;129:A207 18. Wilson SL, Thach BT, Brouillette RT, Abu Osb a YK: Upper airway patency in the human infant: influence of airway pressure and posture. J Appl Physiol 1980;48:500
Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide in High-Pressure Counterflow Diffusion Flames

Abstract Quantitative laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of NO concentration ([NO]) have been obtained along the centerline of prompt-NO dominated, methane-air counterflow diffusion flames at two to five atm, Global strain rates of 20, 30 and 40 s−1 were investigated at each pressure, with the addition of a 15 s−1 case at three and four atm. Linear LIF measurements of [NO] are corrected for variations in the electronic quenching rate coefficient by using major species profiles generated by an opposed-flow flame code and quenching cross-sections for NO available from the literature. Corrected linear LIF measurements of [NO] are compared with numerical predictions from the opposed-flow flame code by utilizing the GRI (version 2.11) mechanism for the NO kinetics. The effect of radiative heat loss on code predictions is accounted for by using an optically thin radiation model. A modest decrease in predicted temperature owing to radiative heat loss causes a significant decrease in predicted [NO], in...
Reactions of Terphenylbismuth Dihalides with KSi(SiMe3)3, K2Si2(SiMe3)4 and Na2[Fe(CO)]4: Reduction vs. Metathesis

The reactions of terphenylbismuth dihalides with various reducing agents were investigated. Attempted metathesis of Ar′BiCl2 [Ar′ = 2,6-(2,6-iPr2-C6H3)2-C6H3] with one equivalent of KSi(SiMe3)3 gave the 1,2-dichlorodibismuthane Ar′(Cl)Bi–Bi(Cl)Ar′ (1) in 40 % yield. The reaction of Ar′BiCl2 (1) with the dianionic salt K2Si2(SiMe3)4 yielded the dibismuthene Ar′Bi=BiAr′ (2) in 72 %. The terphenylbismuth dihalides ArBiCl2 [Ar = 2,6-(2,6-iPr2-C6H3)2-C6H3 (Ar′), 2,6-(2,4,6-Me3-C6H2)2-C6H3 (Ar#)] were treated with Na2[Fe(CO)4] in THF to afford the iron dibismuthene complexes [Fe(CO)4(Bi2Ar′2)] (3) and [Fe(CO)4(Bi2Ar#2)] (4) in modest yields (25 and 15 % respectively). The compounds 1–4 were characterized by X-ray crystallography and by spectroscopic methods (1H and 13C NMR, IR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy). The results show that reduction of the bismuth center is strongly preferred over salt metathesis chemistry due to the reducing power of the silanide and ferrate salts and the strength of the Bi=Bi bond. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Strong-coupling corrections in high- T c superconductors

The problem of determining the normal-state specific-heat coefficient \ensuremath{\gamma} for high-${T}_{c}$ oxide superconductors is considered, and a method for empirically determining the strong-coupling corrections is proposed. This permits a direct estimate of \ensuremath{\gamma},\ensuremath{\lambda},〈\ensuremath{\omega}〉, and other parameters from a few measured quantities, if isotropic Eliashberg theory is assumed to apply. On this basis, it appears that conventional electron-phonon strong coupling can account for the superconducting properties of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.85}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.15}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ but not those of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$.
Low-dose 6-mercaptopurine in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with minimal hematologic toxicity.

A feared complication of therapy with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is myelosuppression. To evaluate whether rigorous blood count monitoring is necessary, we prospectively followed the hematologic profiles of 57 patients with inflammatory bowel disease who were treated with low-dose 6-MP. Most patients (97%) were treated initially with a single dose of 50 mg/day and 79% never used more than 50 mg/day. Blood counts were obtained at weekly intervals over the first month, every two weeks for the second month, and monthly thereafter in the first year. Sixteen (28%) developed mild leukopenia (white blood count 101 fl) was seen in nine (16%). In conclusion, leukopenia was not uncommon in patients treated with low-dose 6-MP, but was not clinically significant. Leukopenia occurred no earlier than three months and as late as 42 months into therapy. Thrombocytopenia was uncommon, mild, and was not associated with apparent bleeding. Macrocytosis may occur in the absence of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. Patients can be spared from weekly blood count monitoring when using low-dose 6-mercaptopurine treatment.
Social networks and adult social identities: profiles and correlates of support and rejection.

Abstract The growth of interest in social networks has underscored the need for integrative analyses of network dimensions. A three-pronged strategy to achieve this objective was pursued in a study of 261 married women nurses. First, network variables related to important adult social identities were differentiated. Factor analyses revealed four network interaction factors: work support, work rejection, general support, and general rejection. An additional factor analysis differentiated work associates from nonwork network members. Second, cluster analysis of these factor scores identified five different network profiles. The profiles differed in the importance of the woman's work to her nonwork ties as well as the frequency and pattern of different positive and negative interactions. Third, individuals with these contrasting network profiles differed on levels of life satisfaction and psychological symptomatology. The discussion emphasizes social network differences within the broader context of the ecology of human development.
Oedema of the Hand after Fasciectomy with or without Tourniquet

Abstract Two groups of patients with Dupuytren's disease were treated by limited fasciectomy. A tourniquet was used for one group, and an elevated hand table without tourniquet for the other. Taking into account other factors controlling oedema it was discovered over a post-operative period of twenty-eight days that “Tourniquet” hands remained significantly increased in volume compared to “Non-Tourniquet” hands. Other facts of clinical interest also emerge from the trial and are discussed. It is concluded that the use of the elevated hand table without tourniquet, not only allows an unlimited and uninterrupted period for hand surgery, but also reduces the subsequent oedema.
"When the Bones are Left": A Study of the Material Culture of Central Sulawesi.

"When the Bones are Left":. Study of the Material Culture of Central Sulawesi. Eija-Maija Kotilainen. Transactions of The Finnish Anthropological Society No. 31. Helsinki: The Finnish Anthropological Society, 1992. 297 pp. maps, 114 halftones, appendix, bibliography, index.
Towards proactive computer-system forensics

We examine principles and approaches for proactive computer-system forensics. Proactive computer-system forensics is the design, construction and configuring of systems to make them most amenable to digital forensics analyses in the future. The primary goals of proactive computer-system forensics are system structuring and augmentation for automated data discovery, lead formation, and efficient data preservation. We propose: (1) using the Neyman-Pearson Lemma to proactively build online forensics tests with the best possible critical regions for hypothesis testing, and (2) using classical stopping rules for sequential hypothesis testing to determine which users are deviating from standard usage behavior and should be the focus of more investigative resources. Here the focus is on security breaches by the employees or stakeholders of an organization. The main measurements are event-driven logs of program executions.
Data interfaces as support for module migration

Module migration is the relocation of a running process from one host to another such that the move is transparent to the modules that interact with it. The author suggests that data interfaces can simplify run-time support for module migration and facilitate writing migratable modules. Data interfaces make available to the run-time system access to a module's state information. This simplifies the module migration problem, since state extraction mechanisms are not required. The trick is to provide a clean data interface that captures only the essential I/O behavior of a module and at the same time exposes enough state information so that the module can be relocated without state extraction. >
Far-infrared absorption by glass-like features in fluorite mixed crystals

The mm- and submillimeter wave spectrum of a glass at low temperatures is often dominated by the dynamics of two level systems (TLS). These E and M properties are reviewed here. Next the low-temperature far-IR absorption measurements on a number of alkaline earth: rare earth fluoride mixed crystals with the fluorite structure are described, compared to the glass results, and found to display a similar frequency distribution of TLS. At higher far IR frequencies a characteristic temperature dependence associated with excited state transitions of the TLS is observed for both mixed crystals and glasses, suggesting a fundamental connection between the TLS in these very different systems.
Autonomic Function Testing

Many lines of evidence suggest that behavioral and neuroendocrine factors are related to cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Methods of testing cardiovascular autonomic function can provide an explanation to the relationship between behavioral factors and cardiovascular disease. Successful treatments can then be developed based on that knowledge.
Functional nanostructures from surface chemistry patterning

Nanoscale devices are expected to provide important advances for a number of applications. While many methods to generate nanoscale patterns exist, their use is confined to a relatively narrow range of materials. To fabricate nanoscale structures of a material with useful properties, the most convenient route is to transfer the geometry of an existing pattern into another material. Methods to achieve this pattern transfer are summarized and organized in this review. Methods to generate the original patterns, as well as applications of the final structure are also described.
Nuevas especies del género Cybianthus Martius subgénero Conomorpha (Myrsinaceae) de Colombia

A study of the collections housed in the Colombian National Herbarium resulted in the discovery of three new species of Cybianthus subgenus Conomorpha from Vichada, Serrania de La Macarena and its environs, and the area around Rio Claro, of the Middle Magdalena River Valley. The species, Cybianthus llanorum, Cybianthus jaramilloi and Cybianthus cogolloi, are described, illustrated, and their phylogenetic relationships are discussed. Cybianthus llanorum is the first member of the subgenus known to produce bisexual inflorescences.
The Rise of Conservative Criticism in India

A new mood of criticism is abroad in modern India. The mood can be characterized as one of dismayed re-evaluation of the entire direction of development efforts since Independence. Its character was presaged by the withdrawal from politics of J. P. Narayan as long ago as 1953, but it has only been in the last two years that the mood has begun to produce tangible political effects as well as to liven markedly public debate. To be sure, the efforts of the government of India have, for many years, come under sustained attack by leftists—notably, the Communist Party and the Socialist Party of India—the force of their argument being that those efforts have fallen far short of what is necessary for the certain amelioration of the lot of the mass of Indians. The singularity of the new wave of criticism is that it is producing a genuine conservatism, in the sense that its thrust is directed against the headlong pace, as well as the novelty, of Prime Minister Nehru's “socialist” program. The Swatantra Party, founded in 1961, is the organizational manifestation of this mood in active politics. It is being led by the redoubtable C. Rajagopalachari, former Vice-President of India and veteran of the Independence struggle. The central tenet of the new conservatism is that India's ills can be traced to overrapid innovation and too sweeping a departure from Indian ways. India's economic and social predicament is not amenable to Western social engineering, based primarily upon socialistic components within a democratic political frame; it can be bettered only by a return to the methods of spiritual appeal, individualistic effort, and tutelage in the fundamentals of political democracy that are associated with the revered name of Mahatma Gandhi.
Conductivity improvement of isotropic conductive adhesives with short-chain dicarboxylic acids

With the phasing out of lead-bearing solders, electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) have been identified as an environmentally friendly alternative to tin/lead (Sn/Pb) solders in electronics packaging applications. Compared to Sn/Pb solders, conductive adhesive technology offers numerous advantages. However, as a new technology, conductive adhesive technology still has many concerns and limitations. In order for conductive adhesive technology to achieve universal acceptance, ECAs with better properties must be developed. The purpose of this study is to increase the conductivity of conductive adhesives by using short chain dicarboxylic acids, since such acids can partially remove or can completely replace the C-18 stearic acid which are commonly used as the surfactant in Ag flakes manufacturing process. Malonic acid and adipic acid, which only have single-bond short chain hydrocarbon between the dicarboxylic groups, increase the conductivity of conductive adhesives greatly. Terephthalic acid, however, deteriorates the conductivity due to the rigid aromatic structure in the molecule. The stabilized contact resistance has also been achieved with the introduction of dicarboxylic acids. Most importantly, the significant improvement of electrical properties is achieved without adversely affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the ICAs.
Central District News

(1950). Central District News. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 230-232.
Public Perceptions of Benefits from and Worries over Plant-Made Industrial Products and Plant-Made Pharmaceuticals: The Influence of Institutional Trust

Although agricultural biotechnology has been a seminal reference point in risk perception studies, public awareness of their exposure to risk deriving from this new technology has been minimal at best. However, recent events indicate there may be growing public concern as new variations of this technology appear. Understanding what drives perceptions of benefits from the third generation of the agricultural biotechnology and what determines public worries are keys for the future of this technology. To this end, this study analyzes survey data from the midsouth region of the United States to construct four separate regression models of perceived benefits from and worries over plant-made industrial products and plant-made pharmaceuticals. Findings suggest that while prior experience with and knowledge about agricultural biotechnology has an impact on perceptions of benefits and worries, trust in farmers plays a highly important role in determining perceptions.
Balancing ILP and TLP in SMT Architectures through Out-of-Order Instruction Dispatch

Simultaneous multi-threading (SMT) architectures open up new avenues for datapath optimizations due to the presence of thread-level parallelism (TLP). One recent proposal for exploiting such parallelism is the 2OP_BLOCK scheduler design, which completely avoids the dispatch of instructions with two non-ready source operands into the issue queue. This technique reduces the scheduler complexity and also provides performance benefits for workloads with sufficient TLP, as the issue queue is more efficiently utilized. In this paper we first revisit the 2OP_BLOCK scheduler and show that this design actually results in performance losses for workloads with a limited number of threads because the constraints imposed on the exploitable ILP within each thread outweigh its advantages. To balance the ILP (instruction-level parallelism) and TLP in SMT processors supporting such schedulers, we propose out-of-order dispatch of instructions within each thread. This simple augmentation naturally allows the 2OP_BLOCK scheduler to perform well even when the number of threads is small. Furthermore, for environments with a larger number of threads, the out-of-order dispatch mechanism improves the performance of the original proposal by up to 15% on the average across simulated multithreaded mixes of SPEC 2000 benchmarks
Noise impacts from professional dog grooming forced-air dryers

This study was designed to measure the sound output of four commonly used brands of forced-air dryers used by dog groomers in the United States. Many dog groomers have questions about the effect of this exposure on their hearing, as well as on the hearing of the dogs that are being groomed. Readings taken from each dryer at 1 meter (the likely distance of the dryer from the groomer and the dog) showed average levels ranging from 105.5 to 108.3 dB SPL or 94.8 to 108.0 dBA. Using the 90 dBA criterion required by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration, dog groomers/bathers are at risk if exposure to the lowest intensity dryer (94.8 dBA) exceeds 4 hours per day. If the more stringent 85 dBA criterion and 3 dB tradeoff is applied, less than one hour of exposure is permissible in an 8 hour day. Cautions are recommended for any persons exposed to noise from forced-air dryers.
The role of 8-hydroxyguanine in carcinogenesis.

Article de synthese presentant le role des radicaux libres de l'oxygene impliques dans la formation d'adduits 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHG) avec l'ADN ou l'ARN. La presence de ces adduits d'ADN est une condition necessaire et suffisante a la formation de tumeurs au cours de la carcinogenese
A comparison of peripheral and central axotomy effects on neurofilament and tubulin gene expression in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons

The expression of major cytoskeletal protein mRNAs was studied in adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons after crushing either their central or peripheral branch axons. mRNA levels in DRG neurons were examined by quantitative in situ hybridization with radiolabeled cDNA probes specific for the low-molecular-weight neurofilament protein (NF- L) and beta-tubulin. The large-sized (greater than 1000 microns 2) neurons which give rise to myelinated axons in lumbar ganglia (L4 and L5) were studied 1 d through 8 weeks after either dorsal root or sciatic nerve crush. NF-L and beta-tubulin mRNA levels in axotomized DRG neurons were compared to those in contralateral control DRG neurons, as well as to those in normal (completely untreated) DRG cells. In the case of NF-L mRNA, changes were observed after central as well as peripheral branch axotomy and the time course and magnitude of changes were similar after both types of axotomy. NF-L mRNA levels initially decreased (first 2 weeks after crush) and then began to return towards control levels at longer survival times. Similar, but less pronounced, changes in NF-L mRNA levels also occurred in contralateral DRG neurons (which were uninjured); the changes in contralateral neurons were not simply a result of surgical stress since no changes in NF-L mRNA levels were observed in sham-operated DRG neurons. In the case of tubulin mRNA, changes were observed after central as well as peripheral branch axotomy by in situ hybridization, but the time course and magnitude of changes were different after each type of axotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Application of adaptive beamforming techniques to HF radar

This paper evaluates the performance of several adaptive beamforming techniques applied to the problem of cancelling interference in a high frequency (HF) radar with transmitter and receiver physically separated by large distances. The difficulties posed by mitigating interference in a HF radar are fundamentally different in many aspects from the adaptive cancellation problem in more conventional phased array radars operating at higher frequencies. Some of the issues specific to adaptive cancellation in HF radar will be addressed in this paper and performance results will be presented using measured data.
Fault diagnosis and calibration of large analog circuits

A method to test and calibrate linear circuits is proposed. A tested circuit is partitioned at nodes where the voltage measurements are taken. Test equations are formulated on the basis of Kirchoff's current law equations at the partition points. This results in the Jacobian matrix with a sparse block structure. The test points selection and the element evaluation can be performed in parallel, reducing computation time and enhancing the test performance. >
Radiation Damage Parameters for SiC/SiC Composite Structure in Fusion Nuclear Environment

The radiation effects in the fiber, matrix, and interface components of the SiC/SiC composite material are important input for lifetime assessment. Neutronics calculations were performed to determine the radiation damage parameters in the fiber/matrix and the candidate interface materials. The radiation damage parameters were calculated for both the carbon and silicon sublattices. The radiation damage parameters were evaluated for representative candidate breeding blankets. The breeder and/or coolant such as Pb 83 Li 17 , Flibe and Li 2 O affect the radiation damage parameters by impacting the neutron spectrum. The results provide an essential input for SiC/SiC composite lifetime assessment. The impact of the unique features of inertial fusion systems on damage parameters are identified.
Anisotropic Porous Penetrative Convection

A linear instability analysis and a nonlinear energy stability analysis is developed for convection in an anisotropic porous medium. The nonlinear analysis is very important since a standard energy method does not in the present situation yield unconditional stability and a weighted analysis must be employed to yield global results, and in addition the nonlinear energy results yield a valuable threshold indicating where possible subcritical instabilities may form. Significantly, we find that when a quadratic density temperature law is used in the anisotropic convection model of Tyvand & Storesletten (1991), then the growth rate $\sigma $ is always complex provided we are in the anisotropic situation. Thus, the nature of bifurcation into convection is very different from the Boussinesq situation and is always via an oscillatory instability.
Pressure and Velocity Fluctuations Associated with the Flow Through a Stenosis with Upstream Roughness

The nature of steady flow of a blood-analog fluid distal to a stenosis was demonstrated in a model artery. The relationship was explored between such flow and the generation of velocity and pressure fluctuations that might lead to the production of sound in an artificially roughened, rigid tube. Attention was directed solely to the generation of pressure fluctuations within the fluid itself. No regard was paid to the possibility of structural vibration or resonance as a response to fluctuations generated in the fluid other than to eliminate the possibility for such effects in the model and test stand.