cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dialysis, Hemofiltration, and Hemoperfusion

Before considering the medical, technological, pharmacokinetic, and other scientific aspects of dialysis, it is appropriate to consider some pertinent socioeconomic issues. A decade or more ago, the need for maintenance dialysis was underestimated. The cost for this treatment has exceeded by far the early projections. In Europe, an average of 99 patients per million population are treated for end-stage renal disease by dialysis or transplantation.1 The incidence varies considerably among European countries, a variation that correlates with the gross national product. In the United States, where funding is provided for all who need dialysis, about 200 patients per million population undergo dialysis. There is, nevertheless, a geographic variation which correlates somewhat weakly with the profit motive of physicians, with social and cultural factors, and with the location of facilities.2 Commercialism does play a role, but those sharing in such profits argue that they have contained costs while maintaining quality of care, at a time when the costs of treatment in the hospital continue to rise.3 The validity of cost increment comparisons of hospital and outpatient care is debatable. The method of treatment appears to be influenced by economics, however, as dialysis-for-profit units appear to inhibit both transplantation and the use of the less costly and less remunerative home dialysis.4
Locality and the complexity of minimalist derivation tree languages

Minimalist grammars provide a formalization of Minimalist syntax which allows us to study how the components of said theory affect its expressivity. A central concern of Minimalist syntax is the locality of the displacement operation Move. In Minimalist grammars, however, Move is unbounded. This paper is a study of the repercussions of limiting movement with respect to the number of slices a moved constituent is allowed to cross, where a slice is the derivation tree equivalent of the phrase projected by a lexical item in the derived tree. I show that this locality condition 1) has no effect on weak generative capacity 2) has no effect on a Minimalist derivation tree language's recognizability by top-down automata 3) renders Minimalist derivation tree languages strictly locally testable, whereas their unrestricted counterparts aren't even locally threshold testable.
Protestant Education and the Fine Arts

Christian approaches to the fine arts have varied greatly over the years, and the modern Protestant educator is forced to confront a long history of controversy, as well as questions about the proper relationship between Christianity and the fine arts. As the fine arts are an established part of many existing Christian K-12 and college curriculums, the questions associated with the fine arts are not an academic question for most educators, but instead represent fundamental issues that must be addressed in daily instruction. This chapter first seeks to place the relationship between Christianity and the fine arts in historical context, through an examination of the troubled and complex history of the fine arts and Protestant Christianity, with an emphasis on contemporary issues. The next section, through summary of and commentary on previous works, provides an overview of the parameters of a Christian aesthetics that can help educators to make informed decisions regarding the use of the fine arts in their curriculums. This section highlights ways in which aesthetic issues are an everyday part of Church and educational life. In the final section, various practical approaches to teaching the fine arts as part of a broader Protestant Christian educational curriculum are explored through questions and commentary. Specifically, this area looks at vocational and curricular questions concerning arts education and asks questions regarding day-to-day instruction. The chapter calls for a greater and more informed use of the fine arts in Christian education.
RADIATION-INDUCED MAMMARY GLAND NEOPLASIA IN THE RAT

Reaction mechanisms involved in the induction of mammary gland neoplasia in rats by exposure to ionizing radiation are discussed. Doses of 400 r total- body Co/sup 60 gamma radiation resulted within 10 to 12 mo in mammary gland neoplasia in a large percentage of exposed rats. Many of the animals developed tumors in more than one mammary gland, and as many as 10 neoplasms were observed in a single animal. The neoplasms were generally of 4 types. The effects of hormones, dose, partial-body shielding fractionated dosage, and the possible virus etiology of neoplasms are discussed. Data indicate that a two-stage, or more, mechanism is involved and that radiation acts as the initiating factor and the ovarian hormones act as a promoting substance. The radiation data are consistent with the no-threshold, proportionality hypothesis of radioinduced neoplasia. (C.R.)
Using the Problem Method to Engage Students and Simulate Law Practice

Criticism of American legal education has centered on use of the Socratic method and, more recently, lack of a practice orientation. But proposed reforms fail to consider an alternative teaching method used successfully by other graduate schools: the problem method. This is a chapter from the new book Teaching Law Practice: Preparing the Next Generation of Lawyers (Vandeplas Publishing, 2013). The chapter explains how the problem method is used to teach Remedies, a third-year capstone course. Instead of briefing cases, students master legal doctrine through assigned readings and analyzing legal problems of the sort a client or supervising attorney might present.The problem method offers several advantages over traditional case-recitation or lectures. It simulates law practice, it suits the learning styles of today’s students, and it is engaging. Students are given an opportunity to "do something with" the legal material. On course evaluations, 75% of student comments on the problem method have been favorable. And implementation requires no curriculum changes or resource reallocation.
Earnings announcements and equity options

In asset pricing models, the uncertainty surrounding firm fundamentals plays a central role, driving expected returns, volatility, and valuation ratios. In this paper, we extract estimates of the uncertainty embedded in earnings announcements using option prices. To do this, we take seriously the fact that the timing of earnings announcements, although not the response of equity prices, is known in advance. We develop a no-arbitrage option pricing model incorporating jumps on earnings announcement dates. We estimate the uncertainty in a simple extension of the BlackScholes model and in a more complicated stochastic volatility model. The uncertainty is large, has important pricing implications and interesting time-variation. Adding jumps on earnings announcement dates drastically reduces the model pricing errors. Not surprisingly, the estimates of the earnings uncertainty increase in periods of market stress, such as 2000 and 2001.
Global Tele-Immersion: Working in Cyberspace

Tele-immersion is defined as collaborative VR over networks, which extends the human/computer interaction paradigm to human/computer/human collaboration. The computer provides real-time data in shared, collaborative environments, which enables computational science and engineering researchers to interact with each other as well as their computational models, over distance.
Taking sum and product of discrete event star sequences

Abstract This paper proposes an approach to solving the problems encountered in the study of 2-D domain theory of DES. These problems, e.g, lacking of effective formulae in operation and large computation complexity, are investigated from algebraic and geometric point of view. Also proposed are the notions of sum field, product field, stair ray, steepest criteria, stair effect, and tail effect, which reveal the essence of the sum and product operations in 2-D domain theory of DES, and provide a step forward to the research of 2-D domain theory and its practical applications.
Allo-immunity and graft rejection after checkpoint inhibitor therapy (CPI) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.

3082Background: The safety of CPI in patients (pts) with prior SOT was never fully assessed because they were always excluded from clinical trials due to the risk of allo-immunity and organ rejecti...
Transsynaptic interactions between IgSF proteins DIP-α and Dpr10 are required for motor neuron targeting specificity in Drosophila

The Drosophila larval neuromuscular system provides an ideal context in which to study synaptic partner choice, because it contains a small number of pre- and postsynaptic cells connected in an invariant pattern. The discovery of interactions between two subfamilies of IgSF cell surface proteins, the Dprs and the DIPs, provided new candidates for cellular labels controlling synaptic specificity. Here we show that DIP-α is expressed by two identified motor neurons, while its binding partner Dpr10 is expressed by postsynaptic muscle targets. Removal of either DIP-α or Dpr10 results in loss of specific axonal branches and NMJs formed by one motor neuron, MNISN-1s, while other branches of the MNISN-1s axon develop normally. The temporal and spatial expression pattern of dpr10 correlates with muscle innervation by MNISN-1s during embryonic development. We propose a model whereby DIP-α and Dpr10 on opposing synaptic partners interact with each other to generate proper motor neuron connectivity.
Differential Usefulness of Nine Commonly Used Genetic Markers for Identifying Phytophthora Species.

The genus Phytophthora is agriculturally and ecologically important. As the number of described Phytophthora species continues to grow, identifying isolates in this genus has become increasingly challenging even by DNA sequencing. This study evaluated nine commonly used genetic markers against 154 formally described and 17 provisionally named Phytophthora species. These genetic markers were the cytochrome-c oxidase 1 (cox1), internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), 60S ribosomal protein L10, beta-tubulin (β-tub), elongation factor 1 alpha, enolase, heat shock protein 90, 28S ribosomal DNA, and tigA gene fusion protein (tigA). As indicated by species distance, cox1 had the highest genus-wide resolution, followed by ITS, tigA, and β-tub. Resolution of these four markers also varied with (sub)clade. β-tub alone could readily identify all species in clade 1, cox1 for clade 2, and tigA for clades 7 and 8. Two or more genetic markers were required to identify species in other clades. For PCR consistency, ITS (99 % PCR success rate) and β-tub (96 %) were easier to amplify than cox1 (75 %) and tigA (71 %). Accordingly, it is recommended to take a two-step approach: classifying unknown Phytophthora isolates to clade by ITS sequences, as this marker is easy to amplify and its signature sequences are readily available, then identifying to species by one or more of the most informative markers for the respective (sub)clade.
Anastomotic Sinus After Low Anterior Resection and Diverting Loop Ileostomy

Prior to reversing a diverting stoma, evaluation of the anastomosis may reveal a persistent anastomotic sinus. This chapter reviews the approach to treating patients with an anastomotic sinus.
Deoxydative substitution of pyridine 1-oxides by thiols. Part XX. Reactions of (2, 3, and 4-phenyl)-, 3-acetamido-, 3-bromo-, 3-acetoxy-, 3-ethoxypyridine 1-oxides with 1-adamantanethiol in acetic anhydride†

Substitutions of 2, 3, and 4-substituted pyridine 1-oxides by 1-adamantanethiol in acetic anhydride takes place at available α-, to a lesser degree at β-, and rarely at γ-ring carbons. It was found that 2-phenylpyridine 1-oxide produces a mixture of 5- and 6-(1-adamantylthio)-2-phenylpyridines, and 4-phenylpyridine 1-oxide a mixture of 2- and 3-isomeric sulfides. Substitutions of the 1-oxides of 3-phenyl-, 3-acetamido-, 3-acetoxy-, 3-bromo-, and 3-ethoxypyridine by 1-adamantanethiol in acetic anhydride led to mixtures consisting predominantly of 2- and 6-sulfide, and to a lesser extent, the 5-sulfide. When triethylamine is present in otherwise identical reaction mixtures, the ratio of α to β-sulfides increases. From the reactions of 3- and 4-phenylpyridine 1-oxides, there were isolated some N-acetyl hydroxy (or acetoxy) 1-adamantylthio substituted 1,2,3,4-and 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines, whose structures are discussed.
The Dawn of State Medicine in Britain: Early Attempts to Control Medical Practice

Dr R M S McConaghey traces the development of State control in the provision of medical services and also describes the rise in status of the general practitioner, from the early apothecary-surgeon...
On ESPRIT with Multiple Coprime-Invariances

In conventional ESPRIT, a single translational invariance in a sensor array is used to obtain high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. However, when the invariance is greater than the classical sensor spacing λ/2, spatial frequency ambiguity may occur. In this paper, we propose to use multiple setwise coprime invariances to resolve this ambiguity. While special cases of this were known in the literature, our algorithm is more general in that we consider any number of invariances, and that it can perfectly recover any number of DOAs (limited only in terms of number of sensors) if infinite snapshots are available. We also demonstrate through simulation that our algorithm works well in a practical setting where only finite snapshots are available.1
Calculating the Impact of Trade on Aspects of Human Development in Central Europe Using Data Envelopment Analysis

Three equally weighted variables, material output life expectancy and literacy. comprise the widely used comprehensive measure of development known as the Human Development Index (HDI). Although the level of development for a society is constrained by its resource endowment traditional HDI calculations ignore this. Economic theory suggests that international trade leads to a more efficient use of resources and can contribute to economic development. This paper addresses the question of whether trade contributes only to material development, or whether it impacts life expectancy and literacy rates as well, taking into account differences in endowments and attitudes towards outcomes. The HDI values, with outcome flexibility. are calculated for a number of countries using data envelopment analysis, controlling for resource use. Then the impact of trade on different variables is considered. Economies in Central Europe or former Soviet republics, or both, are compared to the rest of the world to identify differences in performance and the influence, if any. of trade on performance. Relative to resource endowments, the subset of nations performs well relative to the rest of the world. Trade is seen to have varying influences in the two regions for certain performance variables.
Trajectories of rural-urban disparities in biological risks for cardiovascular disease among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Abstract This study examined rural-urban differences in age trajectories of biological risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Data were from the 2011 wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, including 11,528 respondents (Mage = 59.15) from 440 communities. CVD risk factors included C-reactive protein (CRP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Multilevel models revealed that rural adults had higher levels of HDL and lower levels of CRP and BMI on average, compared to urban adults. We also found significant rural-urban differences in the age trajectories of CVD risks. Rural-urban disparities in CVD risks increased from middle to later life, and converged at later old age. Findings suggest that rural-urban differences in cardiovascular health are not static, but rather vary throughout adulthood.
Ions, the Movement of Water and the Apoptotic Volume Decrease

The movement of water across the cell membrane is a natural biological process that occurs during growth, cell division, and cell death. Many cells are known to regulate changes in their cell volume through inherent compensatory regulatory mechanisms. Cells can sense an increase or decrease in their cell volume, and compensate through mechanisms known as a regulatory volume increase (RVI) or decrease (RVD) response, respectively. The transport of sodium, potassium along with other ions and osmolytes allows the movement of water in and out of the cell. These compensatory volume regulatory mechanisms maintain a cell at near constant volume. A hallmark of the physiological cell death process known as apoptosis is the loss of cell volume or cell shrinkage. This loss of cell volume is in stark contrast to what occurs during the accidental cell death process known as necrosis. During necrosis, cells swell or gain water, eventually resulting in cell lysis. Thus, whether a cell gains or loses water after injury is a defining feature of the specific mode of cell death. Cell shrinkage or the loss of cell volume during apoptosis has been termed apoptotic volume decrease or AVD. Over the years, this distinguishing feature of apoptosis has been largely ignored and thought to be a passive occurrence or simply a consequence of the cell death process. However, studies on AVD have defined an underlying movement of ions that result in not only the loss of cell volume, but also the activation and execution of the apoptotic process. This review explores the role ions play in controlling not only the movement of water, but the regulation of apoptosis. We will focus on what is known about specific ion channels and transporters identified to be involved in AVD, and how the movement of ions and water change the intracellular environment leading to stages of cell shrinkage and associated apoptotic characteristics. Finally, we will discuss these concepts as they apply to different cell types such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, and corneal epithelial cells.
The (Negligible) Benefit of Moving First: Efficiency and Equity in Principal-Agent Negotiations

Like the first-mover in an ultimatum game, the principal is a first-mover with foreknowledge of the agent’s “rational” best response function. The solution to the “principal’s problem” is to choose a contract that maximizes the principal’s expected profit given the agent’s marginal efficacy and marginal effort cost. However, this paper reports experiments that show that principals make large concessions toward an equal division outcome. As in ultimatum games, agents are at times willing to punish principals who are perceived as being overly acquisitive. Variations in agent effort cost and effectiveness that should (theoretically) produce qualitatively different game-theoretic equilibria have little impact on outcomes.
Family Medicine Billing for Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS).

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is getting a fresh look in family medicine (FM) physicians in primary care, motivated by interest from recent medical school and residency graduates and a growing body of studies demonstrating POCUS increases quality of care and patient satisfaction.[1][1],[2][2]
The Role of Identity in Green IT Attitude and Intention

Green IT practices are of global concern with huge environmental implications. Reducing CO2 emissions, conserving energy, and recycling IT are among a variety of green IT behaviors that protect the...
A survey of long-term results with microwave energy device for treating axillary hyperhidrosis.

Microwave energy technology treats axillary hyperhidrosis through thermolysis of the apocrine and eccrine glands. Successful short-term reduction of sweating has been studied, but there is limited information on long-term efficacy and safety. To evaluate patient satisfaction with microwave energy device for axillary hyperhidrosis performed within the last 5 years. From June to August 2019, a standardized telephone survey was conducted of 24 patients who received microwave energy device treatment for bilateral axillary hyperhidrosis between June 2014 and June 2018. Demographic information, previous treatment modalities, sweat reduction scores, and side effects were reported. Eighteen patients completed the survey with a mean follow-up of 38 months (range 12-52). The mean hyperhidrosis disease severity scale (HDSS) was reduced by 1.6 (95% CI 1.2-2.0, p < .01). The mean sweat reduction was 61-70%. Sixty-seven percent of patients experienced a reduction in odor and 54% did not require deodorant after treatment. Adverse effects included bruising (67%), pain (56%), swelling (44%), numbness (28%), and nodules (22%). Sixty-six percent of side effects resolved within 2 weeks and all side effects resolved within 12 weeks. The microwave energy device is an effective, durable therapy for axillary hyperhidrosis associated with minimal downtime and a high degree of long-term patient satisfaction.
Professional Social Work Associations and Legislative Action 1974 to 1977

NASW state chapters have increasingly become involved in the pursuit of state legislative priorities. However, direct focus upon social problem concerns accounted for a minor and declining share of the chapters' foremost legislative priorities. Preoccupation with the institutionalization of professional status does not appear to be a transitional chapter concern associated only with the attainment of licensed status. Social Work, like other professions, has developed professional associations which pursue multiple goals valued by their membership. I) The advancement of social policies consistent with the values of the profession. 2) The development and enhancement of standards of practice. 3) The Improvement of conditions of employment and the general employability of professional social workers. The professional association's pursuit of these goals requires decision making for the relative allocation of limited organizational resources. This exploratory study attempts to discover the recent pattern of choices actually made in the pursuit of multiple goals by the state chapters of the National Association of Social Workers. There are two primary reasons for this focus on the state-level legislative activities of NASW state chapters. First, state governments retain substantial domain over major areas of domestic policy. Among these fields are criminal justice, Income maintenance, housing, services to children and the aged, education, regional planning, public health and mental health. Increased revenue sharing and the development of Title XX of the Social Security Act have further contributed to the social policy-making significance of state politics. During the 1974 to 1977 period of study, the individual states have also exerted authority over such specific policy controversies as the ratification of the equal
Abstract 17739: Time relationship of Cerebral Vascular Accidents and Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Non-compaction

Background: Isolated left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) in adults is an increasingly recognized cardiomyopathy. It is associated with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), ventricular arrhythmias (VT), systolic dysfunction, and sudden cardiac death. We set out to better understand the time relationships of CVA and echocardiographic diagnosis in our adult LVNC population. Methods: We reviewed unique subject-adult echo reports performed at UIHC between January 2009 and March 2014 (n=20,597; mean follow up after echo was 27 months+/ -16 months); we identified subjects with echocardiographic diagnosis of LVNC. Retrospective chart review was then performed to evaluate clinical variables encompasses an average of 33+/-36 months [up to 23.7years]. Results: Hypertrabiculation of the LV was observed in 1.67% of all echo studies (n=354); of those 184 individuals met echo criteria for LVNC (0.89%), males represented 63% with mean age of 57+/-16 years. Majority with LVEF 35 (61+/-6%) CVA occurred in 12% (n=10) and of those OAC was prescribed in 40% (n=4/10). Conclusions: Patients with LVNC have a high incidence of CVA that often precedes echocardiographic diagnosis by years. OAC appear to be underutilized in patients with CVA and LVNC. Low EF appears to be associated with more events, however, CVA was also observed in a substantial number of subjects with relatively preserved LVEF. Future studies are needed to understand the value of primary thromboembolic prevention in this high-risk group.
Craniotomy for the resection of metastatic brain tumors in the U.S., 1988-2000: decreasing mortality and the effect of provider caseload.

BACKGROUND To assist in selecting treatment for patients with brain metastases, the current study assessed the risk of adverse outcomes after contemporary resection of metastatic brain tumors in relation to patient, surgeon, and hospital characteristics, with particular attention to the volume of care and trends in outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 13,685 admissions from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 1988–2000 was performed. Multivariate logistic, ordinal, and loglinear regression were used with endpoints of mortality, discharge disposition, length of stay, and total hospital charges. RESULTS The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 3.1% and an additional 16.7% of patients were not discharged directly home. In multivariate analyses, larger-volume centers were found to have lower mortality rates for intracranial metastasis resection (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.59–1.03 [P = 0.09]). An adverse discharge disposition also was less likely at higher-volume hospitals (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.65–0.86 [P < 0.001]). For surgeon caseload, mortality was lower with higher-caseload providers (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30–0.80 [P = 0.004]) and an adverse discharge disposition occurred significantly less frequently (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.40–0.64 [P < 0.001]). The annual number of resections increased by 79% during the study period, from 3900 (1988) to 7000 (2000). In-hospital mortality rates decreased from 4.6% (1988–1990) to 2.3% (1997–2000), a 49% relative decrease. Length of stay was reported to be significantly shorter with higher-volume providers. Hospital charges were not found to be associated significantly with hospital caseload and were found to be significantly lower after surgery that was performed by higher-caseload surgeons. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study found that higher-volume hospitals and surgeons provided superior short-term outcomes after resection of intracranial metastasis was performed, with shorter lengths of stay and a trend toward lower charges. Cancer 2004;100:999–1007. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Computer Logic: Design Principles and Applications

Computer Logic: Design Principles and Applications introduces and describes the relevant concepts, principles and applications of modern computer logic design. The book is self-contained, with an introductory chapter that concisely covers the history of computing devices, as well as number systems, number conversions, signed and unsigned integers, external code, and digital and digitizing concepts. Dedicated chapters on Boolean algebra, transistor circuits, combinatorial logic circuits, and sequential logic circuits round off the work. The emphasis is on design and applications.
Cerebral angiospasm. A cause of the cerebral stroke.

Abstract Arteries at the base of the brain of 20 Rhesus monkeys were studied by new photographic technics to determine if they are capable of vasoconstriction. Stimulation of the intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery by electrical and mechanical means caused vasoconstriction sufficient to induce cerebral ischemia. Intravenous administration of epinephrine caused cerebral vasoconstriction in 7 of 11 experiments. Norepinephrine caused the artery to increase in size in 6 of 11 experiments. Angiospasm continued when the animal breathed carbon dioxide. Papaverine and novocaine often relaxed the vasospasm. Surgical ablation or novocainization of the stellate ganglia did not release the cerebral angiospasm.
Oversight of Marketing Relationships between Physicians and the Drug and Device Industry: A Comparative Study

Throughout the world, complex mutually-dependent relationships exist between physicians and pharmaceutical and medical device companies. This article focuses on one particular aspect of these relationships-payments made by drug and device companies to physicians and their organizations and institutions to market drugs and devices. It is widely believed that drug and device company marketing to physicians creates conflicts of interest that corrupt physician judgment and increase the cost of medical care. This article examines first the economic basis of physician/industry relationships that causes conflicts to arise. It next considers the measures that a number of developed countries have taken to respond to these relationships. Finally, it proposes an approach that would comprehensively address the problems caused by drug and device company marketing to physicians.
MNOS/CCD circuits for neural network implementations

A description is given of a circuit technology which particularly suits the characteristics of neural networks, especially those with the emphasis on adaptation and learning. The authors describe the basic devices and circuit elements. They discuss the computational operations that these circuits can perform. A description is given of a Hopfield neural network integrated circuit that the authors designed, fabricated, and tested. They believe that this chip is the first integrated circuit neural network to demonstrate complete learning on the chip. >
The Ecology of the Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia

Glyptemys insculpta (Wood Turtle) is listed as imperiled in West Virginia and designated as endangered under the IUCN Red List. We studied a population of Wood Turtles in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia from May 2010 to July 2011. We captured 25 turtles at 2 sites: 12 males, 9 females, 3 juveniles, and 1 hatchling. We fitted 10 adults with radio transmitters, 9 of which also received temperature-data loggers. Our 249 total observations include the 10 initial captures of the equipped turtles with 218 subsequent radio locations, and 15 unequipped turtles that were captured, and then recaptured 6 times. Morphometrics of Wood Turtles at the study location were similar to those reported for another West Virginia population. The home range for both males and females was approximately 6 ha; there were no significant intersexual differences. Turtles entered hibernacula in late October when temperatures were approximately 10 °C and remained inactive until mid-March when temperatures were approximately 5 °C. Our study provides a baseline assessment of the Wood Turtle in an unstudied upper-elevation Eastern Panhandle location.
Rapid multislice T1 mapping of mouse myocardium: Application to quantification of manganese uptake in α-Dystrobrevin knockout mice

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a rapid, multislice cardiac T1 mapping method in mice and to apply the method to quantify manganese (Mn2+) uptake in a mouse model with altered Ca2+ channel activity. Methods An electrocardiography-triggered multislice saturation-recovery Look-Locker method was developed and validated both in vitro and in vivo. A two-dose study was performed to investigate the kinetics of T1 shortening, Mn2+ relaxivity in myocardium, and the impact of Mn2+ on cardiac function. The sensitivity of Mn2+-enhanced MRI in detecting subtle changes in altered Ca2+ channel activity was evaluated in a mouse model with α-dystrobrevin knockout. Results Validation studies showed strong agreement between the current method and an established method. High Mn2+ dose led to significantly accelerated T1 shortening. Heart rate decreased during Mn2+ infusion, while ejection ratio increased slightly at the end of imaging protocol. No statistical difference in cardiac function was detected between the two dose groups. Mice with α-dystrobrevin knockout showed enhanced Mn2+ uptake in vivo. In vitro patch-clamp study showed increased Ca2+ channel activity. Conclusion The saturation recovery method provides rapid T1 mapping in mouse hearts, which allowed sensitive detection of subtle changes in Mn2+ uptake in α-dystrobrevin knockout mice. Magn Reson Med 74:1370–1379, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Big Text Visual Analytics in Sensemaking

Learning from text data often involves a loop of tasks that iterate between foraging for information and synthesizing it in incremental hypotheses. Past research has shown the advantages of using spatial workspaces as a means for synthesizing information through externalizing hypotheses and creating spatial schemas. However, spatializing the entirety of datasets becomes prohibitive as the number of documents available to the analysts grows, particularly when only a small subset are relevant to the tasks at hand. To address this issue, we applied the multi-model semantic interaction (MSI) technique, which leverages user interactions to aid in the display layout (as was seen in previous semantic interaction work), forage for new, relevant documents as implied by the interactions, and place them in context of the user's existing spatial layout. Thus, this approach cleanly embeds visual analytics of big text collections directly into the human sensemaking process.
Data Envelopment Analysis to Estimate Technical and Scale Efficiency of Farms in Periyar-Vaigai Irrigation System of Tamil Nadu, India

The present study is focused to analyse the technical and scale efficiency of farms in overall production of crops in Periyar-Vaigai irrigation system of Tamil Nadu. The input oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was applied to estimate technical, pure technical and scale efficiency of the farms. A three stage random sampling procedure was used to select 270 sample respondents. The results of the study showed that there exist potential for increasing the profit further by 43 per cent in the farm holdings by following the best-practices of efficient farms. The study also found that about 47 per cent of the farms were not operating at optimal scale or nearer to optimal scale. The findings also indicated that all the farm inputs were used excessively by the sample respondents. The findings of the study could be helpful to farming community and policy makers to undertake necessary action to improve the current level of technical and scale efficiency in the study area.
“A Being of a New World:” The Ambiguity of Mixed Blood in Pauline Johnson’s “My Mother”

Studying mixed-blood/Metis history reveals that an overwhelming number of unions between Europeans and Native people happened between a European man and a Native woman. Sylvia Van Kirk has illustrated this demographic pattern in her work on the importance of Native women to the development of the fur trade in Canada; others, such as Jennifer Brown, corroborate the story of the creation of the Metis people by men from France or the British Isles and women from "the country," members of Native groups who were instrumental in helping white men survive and establish their link to North American land. A specific mythology describing the men and women of these cross-cultural unions, and their children as well, grew in the imaginations of the Europeans intent upon describing their own occupation of the land and what they came to conceive of as their Manifest Destiny to spread the civilization they knew over the face of the continent. The mythology typified the Native women of these unions as drudges and as sexual temptresses, ready to cleave to their white spouses or melt inconspicuously back into their tribes once their husbands left them behind to care for their unacknowledged and genetically compromised children. The European men could, in this mythology, choose to return to French or English wives without penalty for their foray "into the country;"1 only those who chose to thrust their mixed-blood children upon society's notice or "squaw-men" who remained with Native wives for life risked social disapproval and marginalization.
Behavioral Biomarkers of Aging: Illustration of a Multivariate Approach for Detecting Age-Related Behavioral Changes

The goal of the current project is to develop a multivariate statistical strategy for the formation of behavioral indices of performance and, further, to apply this strategy to establish the relationship between age and important characteristics of performance. The strategy was to begin with a large set of measures that span a broad range of behaviors. The behavioral effects of the following variables were examined: Age (4, 12, 24, and 30 months), genotype [Fischer 344 and a hybrid (F1) of Fischer 344 and Brown Norway (F344xBN)], gender (Fischer 344 males and Fischer 344 females), long-term diet (ad lib diet or dietary restriction beginning at 4 months of age), and short-term diet (ad lib diet or dietary restriction during testing). The behavioral measures were grouped into conceptually related indicators. The indicators within a set were submitted to a principal component analysis to help identify the summary indices of performance, which were formed with the assumption that these component scores would offer more reliable and valid measures of relevant aspects of behavioral performance than would individual measures taken alone. In summary, this approach has made a number of important contributions. It has provided sensitive and selective measures of performance that indicated contributions of all variables: psychological process, age, genotype, gender, long-term and short-term diet and has increased the sensitivity of behavioral measures to age-related behavioral impairment. It has also improved task-manageability by decreasing the number of meaningful variables without losing important information, consequently providing a simplification of the pattern of changes.
Static Behavior of Piezoelectric Laminates with Distributed and Patched Actuators

Distributions of displacement, stress, electro-static potential and electric displace ment are presented from an exact solution for piezoelectric composite laminates in cylindrical bend ing. Examples establishing the static behavior of a laminate under distributed and patched mechanical and electrical loadings are considered for several parametric cases. These results pro vide initial indications of the basic response and parametric behavior of laminates composed com pletely or in part of embedded piezoelectric layers.
Profile of the foster child likely to experience unstable care: a re‐examination

This research reports the results of a survey exploring characteristics associated with the stability of foster care. The survey was developed from a national profile of the child likely to experience unstable foster care. Findings and implications are discussed.
Future species composition will affect forest water use after loss of eastern hemlock from southern Appalachian forests

Infestation of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) with hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae) has caused widespread mortality of this key canopy species throughout much of the southern Appalachian Mountains in the past decade. Because eastern hemlock is heavily concentrated in riparian habitats, maintains a dense canopy, and has an evergreen leaf habit, its loss is expected to have a major impact on forest processes, including transpiration (Et). Our goal was to estimate changes in stand-level Et since HWA infestation, and predict future effects of forest regeneration on forest Et in declining eastern hemlock stands where hemlock represented 50-60% of forest basal area. We used a combination of community surveys, sap flux measurements, and empirical models relating sap flux-scaled leaf-level transpiration (EL) to climate to estimate the change in Et after hemlock mortality and forecast how forest Et will change in the future in response to eastern hemlock loss. From 2004 to 2011, eastern hemlock mortality reduced annual forest Et by 22% and reduced winter Et by 74%. As hemlock mortality increased, growth of deciduous tree species—especially sweet birch (Betula lenta L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), and the evergreen understory shrub rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum L.)— also increased, and these species will probably dominate post-hemlock riparian forests. All of these species have higher daytime EL rates than hemlock, and replacement of hemlock with species that have less conservative transpiration rates will result in rapid recovery of annual stand Et. Further, we predict that annual stand Et will eventually surpass Et levels observed before hemlock was infested with HWA. This long-term increase in forest Et may eventually reduce stream discharge, especially during the growing season. However, the dominance of deciduous species in the canopy will result in a permanent reduction in winter Et and possible increase in winter stream discharge. The effects of hemlock die-off and replacement with deciduous species will have a significant impact on the hydrologic flux of forest transpiration, especially in winter. These results highlight the impact that invasive species can have on landscape-level ecosystem fluxes.
VOCABULARIES IN GERMAN TEXTBOOKS

Author's summary.— Vocabularies in recent German textbooks follow conflicting standards. It seems necessary to reopen the discussion on the vocabulary. Questions of purpose, completeness, arrangement, abbreviation are commented upon.
Durability and field condition study of seal of SAVY-4000 storage container

The conditions of use for rubber O-rings are at least as important as their physical properties in their effect on the quality of a seal. Under normal use conditions, O-rings may be subject to wear and environmental contaminants such as hair and dirt. This study examines how these factors impact the leak tightness of a nuclear material storage container and the likelihood of the inadvertent release of radioactive material. The durability lifetime of an O-ring was explored by opening and closing four SAVY-4000 1 quart containers 100 times and periodically performing helium leak testing, though no significant change in leak rate was observed. This study also explored how the accumulation of dust or hair on the O-ring surface would affect the leak rate of the containers. A single hair crossing the seal, or a sufficient amount of particulate matter would compromise the seal, but after cleaning, the seal was re-established.
Oxcarbazepine does not suppress cortical spreading depression.

Background: Cortical spreading depression is the electrophysiological substrate of migraine aura, and may trigger headache. Recently, chronic treatment with five migraine prophylactic drugs was sho...
Origins and circumstances of adaptive divergence in whelk feeding behavior

Abstract The late Oligocene/early Miocene to Recent fossil record of whelk predation on species of the venerid bivalve genus Mercenaria was evaluated to trace the history of specialization in feeding behavior within the predatory gastropod subfamily Busyconinae. Today, whelk species either employ a wedging or chipping mode of predation when feeding on their bivalve prey. Whelk chipping predation leaves a characteristic trace on the shell of Mercenaria. The temporal distribution of successful and failed whelk predation traces on the shell of Mercenaria suggests two independent origins of chipping behavior within the group. The behavior first evolved in the late Miocene Busycotypus species complex, but was likely lost evolutionarily due to the extinction of the whelk lineage responsible for the traces at the end of the Miocene. The behavior evolved independently in the Busycon-Sinistrofulgur clade during the late Pliocene. Circumstances that may have contributed to ecological diversification and specialization in the Busyconinae are complex. The evolution of chipping behavior is associated with times of high productivity and ecological complexity during the late Miocene and Pliocene in the western Atlantic.
The treatment of macroglossia before the 20th century

Macroglossia is a condition that has affected mankind for thousands of years. It has been known by a variety of names, including hypertrophy of the tongue, prolapsus of the tongue, enlarged tongue, and many others. An interesting fact is that each clinician, when reporting a case, would state that this is “a very rare condition.” However, it is not such an uncommon condition. A search of the literature reveals literally dozens of similar cases. Today, the treatment of choice for this unfortunate condition is surgical excision of the extruded part of the tongue, but before 1900, surgical intervention was often feared, and a variety of other methods were used in an attempt to reduce the size of the tongue. Some methods succeeded and some ended in abject failure.
Us Army General Dentistry Residency Program

In 1962, the Army initiated a two-year residency training program in general dentistry that was evolved because it was not economically or professionally desirable to staff every military community with a complete assortment of specialists. The residency program is flexible enough to avoid redundancy in the education of enrollees. The minimum curriculum includes work in oral surgery, periodontics, removable and fixed prosthodontics, endodontics, pedodontics, public health, and oral medicine and oral pathology.
Application of Nonlinear Time Series Principles to Assess Power Generation Gas Turbine Health

Nonlinear time series concepts may be applied to assess the health condition of dynamic systems for which their operating data is neither Gaussian nor periodic. The principles of phase space geometry suit the dynamic behavior exhibited during transient and non-stationary operating modes. In this paper, two strategies are presented to evaluate the dynamic behavior of power generating natural gas turbines based on the phase space properties. Recurrence analysis allows methods to be developed that are suitable for many dynamic systems. The evaluation of extensive operating data for a simple cycle power generating gas turbine was performed to assess the health condition, and to evaluate the performance of equipment clusters in a power generation plant. The analytical results obtained from this implementation, along with the main conclusions drawn regarding the health condition of the machines, demonstrates the opportunity for system diagnostics.© 2007 ASME
The Influence of Coramine on the Liver of the Young Rat

Summary(1) Coramine produces a great increase in the liver wt/body wt ratio in growing rats. (2) This increase which is manifest within 5 days or less and which is still apparent for at least 28 days cannot be prevented by the ingestion of choline or methionine. (3) The percentage of water and glycogen in these livers is essentially the same as in the controls. Coramine causes some elevation in the fat content which may be prevented by the administration of choline or methionine. (4) On microscopic examination, aside from the fat globules observed in the livers of rats receiving coramine alone, no marked pathological changes were evident. Binucleate cells and mitoses were present in large numbers.
B2B Exchanges on the World Wide Web

Electronic commerce has not only impacted the trading of financial assets but has provided alternatives to exchange–traded commodities. In this review, several web sites that offer information on B2B commodity–based trading are discussed.
Surface properties of RGD-peptide grafted polyurethane block copolymers: variable take-off angle and cold-stage ESCA studies.

Variable take-off angle and cold-stage ESCA measurements were utilized to analyze the surface composition of five polyurethane block copolymers. The polymers studied included a PTMOpolyurethane con...