cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variable responses of insects to hybrid versus parental sagebrush in common gardens.

Both ecological and genetic mechanisms have been proposed to explain patterns of herbivore attack on interspecific plant hybrids, but distinguishing among them can be difficult in natural hybrid zones. We performed a common-garden experiment to evaluate four genetic hypotheses: dominance, additivity, elevated hybrid susceptibility, and elevated hybrid resistance. Censuses and cage experiments were used to compare insect responses to basin big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata spp. tridentata), mountain big sagebrush (A. t. vaseyana), and their F2 progeny. After two growing seasons, hybrid shrubs resembled mountain big sagenbrush in size, but were more similar to basin big sagebrush in flower production. Censuses of naturally colonizing insects (the gall midge Rhopalomyia obovata, the bagworm moth Apterona helix, and the aphid Obtusicauda coweni) tended to support the dominance hypothesis: if the insect clearly discriminated between the two parents, its frequency on hybrids closely resembled that on one of the parents. Moreover, colonization of hybrids in all three cases suggested a dominance deviation toward the susceptible parent rather than toward the resistant parent. In contrast to the censuses, cage experiments involving two insects supported the hybrid-susceptibility hypothesis; both survival and growth of the grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes and growth of the leaf beetle Trirhabda pilosa were higher on hybrid shrubs than on either parent. Because many secondary compounds have been determined to occur at intermediate concentrations in F2 shrubs, dominance for susceptibility may indicate that insects respond to plant traits (e.g., oviposition stimulants and deterrents) in a threshold manner. Mechanisms underlying increased hybrid susceptibility are less clear, but our experimental design makes environmental explanations (e.g., the plant-stress hypothesis) unlikely. Although we eliminated several confounding factors, our results agree with the conclusion from natural hybrid zones that insect responses to hybrid plants are likely to be idiosyncratic; even congeneric species did not respond similarly to hybrid and parental plants.
Culture, neo-liberalism and citizen communication: the case of Radio Tierra in Chile

This article analyses the Chilean independent and not-for profit station Radio Tierra In the general context of the work of two key Chilean sociologists, Jose Joaquin Brunner and Manuel Antonio Garreton, in particular the latter’s theory of an epochal transformation in the relationship between culture and neo-liberalism in Chile over the preceding 30 years. More specifically, it suggests that Radio Tierra makes evident the emergence of a new form of social communication which, in contrast to the traditional liberal model of communication of, and for, information, is more attuned to the new functions of culture in the expansion and implementation of citizenship under conditions of (neo-liberal) globalization. After a discussion of the contemporary media scene and the role of public journalism and alternative communication in Latin America, the article then focuses on the communicational, political and cultural work of Radio Tierra. In 1990, along with the transition to democracy, Radio Tierra (RT) was born...
Cationic amphiphilic macromolecule (CAM)–lipid complexes for efficient siRNA gene silencing

Abstract The accumulated evidence has shown that lipids and polymers each have distinct advantages as carriers for siRNA delivery. Composite materials comprising both lipids and polymers may present improved properties that combine the advantage of each. Cationic amphiphilic macromolecules (CAMs) containing a hydrophobic alkylated mucic acid segment and a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) tail were non-covalently complexed with two lipids, 1,2-dioleoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), to serve as a siRNA delivery vehicle. By varying the weight ratio of CAM to lipid, cationic complexes with varying compositions were obtained in aqueous media and their properties evaluated. CAM–lipid complex sizes were relatively independent of composition, ranging from 100 to 200 nm, and zeta potentials varied from 10 to 30 mV. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the spherical morphology of the complexes. The optimal N/P ratio was 50 as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The ability to achieve gene silencing was evaluated by anti-luciferase siRNA delivery to a U87-luciferase cell line. Several weight ratios of CAM–lipid complexes were found to have similar delivery efficiency compared to the gold standard, Lipofectamine. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that siRNA binds more tightly at pH = 7.4 than pH = 5 to CAM–lipid (1:10 w/w). Further intracellular trafficking studies monitored the siRNA escape from the endosomes at 24 h following transfection of cells. The findings in the paper indicate that CAM–lipid complexes can serve as a novel and efficient siRNA delivery vehicle.
Spline Functions: Basic Theory

This classic work continues to offer a comprehensive treatment of the theory of univariate and tensor-product splines. It will be of interest to researchers and students working in applied analysis, numerical analysis, computer science, and engineering. The material covered provides the reader with the necessary tools for understanding the many applications of splines in such diverse areas as approximation theory, computer-aided geometric design, curve and surface design and fitting, image processing, numerical solution of differential equations, and increasingly in business and the biosciences. This new edition includes a supplement outlining some of the major advances in the theory since 1981, and some 250 new references. It can be used as the main or supplementary text for courses in splines, approximation theory or numerical analysis.
NOTES: cadaveric rendezvous hybrid small bowel resection

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is an emerging field in minimally invasive surgery that is driving the development of new technology and techniques [1–4]. Before NOTES gains widespread popularity, it must be proven to be a safe and efficacious technique [5]. There are several proposed benefits to the NOTES approach, including potentially decreased abdominal pain, wound infections, and hernia formation. Currently, most investigational NOTES procedures are performed using a single transgastric, transcolonic, or transvaginal access point to the abdomen. In order to provide greater range of motion and freedom of movement, a rendezvous procedure using simultaneous transgastric and transcolonic approaches was used to perform a small bowel resection. This video demonstrates a successful NOTES hybrid small bowel resection with the use of two laparoscopic ports in a cadaveric model. A powered stapling device attached to a flexible shaft is introduced transcolonically and facilitates division and re-anastamosis of the small bowel. A dual-channel operating endoscope introduced transgastrically allows for precise dissection and creation of enterotomies necessary for the small bowel resection. While technically challenging, NOTES hybrid small bowel resection can be accomplished with specially designed instrumentation utilizing the rendezvous technique. There are several technical limitations preventing this procedure from being completed in a pure NOTES fashion. A safe method of creating blind enterotomies will be needed to eliminate laparoscopic visualization of the enterotomy sites. Adequate endoscopic exposure and retraction of tissue is still difficult and currently requires percutaneous adjuncts. New closure devices will be needed for safe and reliable NOTES enterotomy closure. With the development of such instruments, this, as well as other NOTES procedures, will become more technically feasible.
A study of the 28Si(d, p)29Si reaction

Abstract The 28Si(d, p)29Si reaction has been studied at 17.85 MeV with a very clean silicon target allowing the study of sharp states up to an excitation of 14.8 MeV. Spectroscopic factors for bound states were obtained with-good reliability; these compare well to calculated values for strong low-lying states. A weak-coupling model allowed multistep calculations for several states, resulting in improved fits to the stripping cross-section data. Data for states above the neutron threshold in 29Si were compared to DWBA calculations using unbound form factors. The sums of spectroscopic factors show a more complete closure of the d 5 2 shell at 28Si than is predicted by Hartree-Fock methods.
Agricultural management of grain legumes: has it led to an increase in nitrogen fixation?

Biological nitrogen (N2) fixation is an important aspect of sustainable and environmentally friendly food production and long-term crop productivity. The amount of N2 fixed is primarily controlled by four principal factors: (1) the effectiveness of the rhizobia–host plant symbiosis, (2) the strength of the sink, i.e., the ability of the host plant to accumulate N, (3) the amount of available soil N and (4) environmental constraints to N2 fixation. Much of the N fixed by grain legumes is removed at harvest, the remainder becomes available to subsequent crops following mineralization, may be incorporated into the soil organic matter, or as with fertilizer N, may be lost from the cropping system. This paper reviews some of the agronomic management practices that affect N2 fixation by grain legumes, asking whether grain legumes can provide an overall net N benefit to the soil when grown in rotation with other crops. A survey of long-term trends in N2 fixation by selected grain legumes is included, and some possible explanations for the observed stagnation in efforts to increase N2 fixation under field conditions are presented.
Diffraction of surface waves on an incompressible fluid

Abstract : Waves of irrotational type are propagated along the free surface of an ideal incompressible fluid in a gravitational field, and a theory fashioned with space harmonic functions holds the key to both the details of their form and excitation. If the linearized approximation to the free surface boundary condition is invoked, the concomitant theory of small amplitude wave motion can be developed in a wide variety of (two- and threedimensional) circumstances. (Author)
Power scaling of CCC fiber based lasers

We demonstrate robustly single-mode power scaling in fiber laser systems built using 35-µm core Yb-doped double-clad Chirally-Coupled-Core (CCC) fibers. Up to 250W have been demonstrated up to date and further power scaling is in progress.
Radar backscatter from the earth's ionosphere

The role of radar backscatter observations in ionospheric studies is outlined. The theoretical developments are described that form the basis for ground-based measurements of electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature, and ionic composition at ionospheric heights, Observations of the first three parameters have been successful. Observation of the fourth parameter, ionic composition, is a challenging problem and is being attempted.
A Review of “Mapping Multiple Literacies: An Introduction to Deleuzian Literacy Studies”

As indicated by the title of this 185-page text, Masny and Cole seek to specify the attributes of multiple literacies and to tap the ideas put forward by Deleuze. They combine these areas as a basi...
Musings on the Dark Night of the Soul: Insights from St. John of the Cross on a Developmental Spirituality:

This article investigates the nature of the dark night of the soul from a biblical, psychological, and experiential perspective, particularly in the context of St. John of the Cross' “developmental...
Food Store Density, Nutrition Education, Eating Habits and Obesity

Food retailers and restaurants are under scrutiny for their alleged effects on diets and obesity, although no clear evidence of a causal relationship exists. Furthermore, because no prior study controls for nutrition education and the dynamic nature of the underlying phenomena, existing estimates quantifying these relationships could be biased. Using state-level data for the continental U.S. we evaluate how the density of different food stores and per-capita expenditures on SNAP (nutrition) Education impact eating habits and (indirectly) adult obesity, controlling for endogeneity of store locations and con-sumption dynamics. Our results caution against using large-scale policies regulating the food environment and highlight the need to control for nutrition education and process dynamics to obtain unbiased estimates. Implications for the agribusiness sector are discussed.
Applying data mining techniques to address disaster information management challenges on mobile devices

The improvement of Crisis Management and Disaster Recovery techniques are national priorities in the wake of man-made and nature inflicted calamities of the last decade. Our prior work has demonstrated that the efficiency of sharing and managing information plays an important role in business recovery efforts after disaster event. With the proliferation of smart phones and wireless tablets, professionals who have an operational responsibility in disaster situations are relying on such devices to maintain communication. Further, with the rise of social media, technology savvy consumers are also using these devices extensively for situational updates. In this paper, we address several critical tasks which can facilitate information sharing and collaboration between both private and public sector participants for major disaster recovery planning and management. We design and implement an All-Hazard Disaster Situation Browser (ADSB) system that runs on Apple's mobile operating system (iOS) and iPhone and iPad mobile devices. Our proposed techniques create a collaborative solution on a mobile platform using advanced data mining and information retrieval techniques for disaster preparedness and recovery that helps impacted communities better understand the current disaster situation and how the community is recovering. Specifically, hierarchical summarization techniques are used to generate brief reviews from a large collection of reports at different granularities; probabilistic models are proposed to dynamically generate query forms based on user's feedback; and recommendation techniques are adapted to help users identify potential contacts for report sharing and community organization. Furthermore, the developed techniques are designed to be all-hazard capable so that they can be used in earthquake, terrorism, or other unanticipated disaster situations.
A 3.7 M-Pixel 1300-fps CMOS Image Sensor With 5.0 G-Pixel/s High-Speed Readout Circuit

A 5.0 G-pixel/s readout circuit for 15.3 mm $\times$ 8.6 mm optical size, 3.7 M-pixel, 1300 fps, and digital output image sensor for industrial applications is presented. With the column parallel ADC, the speed bottleneck is the vertical analog readout. To achieve a 5.0 G-pixel/s readout rate, a high speed column readout circuit is introduced. The novel pixel readout with the slew-enhancement and the time-interleaved correlated double sampling circuit is introduced to increase the readout rate. Besides, the A/D converter with the delay-and-gray code counter and the distributed digital data transfer schemes are innovated in order to reduce the noise interference to the foreground analog signal settling. The 1 horizontal (1H) readout time is 1.0 $\mu$ s.
Osmotic error in erythrocyte volume determinations

Because of osmotic effects erythrocytes suspended in their native plasma do not have the same volume as the same erythrocytes suspended in Isoton. The discrepancy varies depending upon the osmolality and composition of the native plasma and the length of time the cells have been suspended in Isoton. consequently, the MCV recorded in an electronic particle counter (Coulter in this case) may differ markedly from the true in vivo MCV. A similar error affects the Coulter hematocrit, which is calculated from the MCV and the erythrocyte count. This matrix effect should be taken into account in any laboratory quality assurance program.
Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of micro-organism WSU 86-1044 from an aborted bovine foetus reveals that it is a member of the order Chlamydiales: proposal of Waddliaceae fam. nov., Waddlia chondrophila gen. nov., sp. nov.

The structural gene encoding the 16S rRNA of the new obligate intracellular organism presently designated WSU 86-1044Twas sequenced and analysed to establish its phylogenetic relationships. The 16S rDNA sequence was most closely related to those of chlamydial species, having 84.7--85.3% sequence similarity, while it had 72.4-73.2% similarity with rickettsia-like organisms. When the sequences of the four species of chlamydiae and Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pecorum) were compared, they had > 93% sequence similarity indicating tha WSU 86--1044Twas not close enough to be in the same family as current Chlamydiaceae members. However, based on the 84.7--85.3% 16S rDNA sequence similarity of WSU 86--1044Tand other previously described characteristics, WSU 86--1044Tbelongs to a novel family within the order Chlamydiales; hence, the proposal of Waddliaceae fam. nov., Waddlia chondrophila gen. nov., sp. nov.
Work Experience and Political Orientation: A Panel Study

This research investigates the effects of work experience on change in political orientation from late adolescence to early adulthood. Joreskog's confirmatory factor analysis method was applied to longitudinal data, obtained from a sample of male college graduates over a ten-year period. The findings indicate that (1) individuals select work settings that are compatible with their earlier political attitudes, (2) the political climate of the sector of employment has a small but statistically significant effect on adult political outlook, (3) income attainment has a conservatizing influence, independent of its relation to the employment sector, and (4) political attitudes are generally highly stable over
The ethics of using genetic engineering for sex selection

It is quite likely that parents will soon be able to use genetic engineering to select the sex of their child by directly manipulating the sex of an embryo. Some might think that this method would be a more ethical method of sex selection than present technologies such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) because, unlike PGD, it does not need to create and destroy "wrong gendered" embryos. This paper argues that those who object to present technologies on the grounds that the embryo is a person are unlikely to be persuaded by this proposal, though for different reasons.
Filtering Turbulent Sparsely Observed Geophysical Flows

Abstract Filtering sparsely turbulent signals from nature is a central problem of contemporary data assimilation. Here, sparsely observed turbulent signals from nature are generated by solutions of two-layer quasigeostrophic models with turbulent cascades from baroclinic instability in two separate regimes with varying Rossby radius mimicking the atmosphere and the ocean. In the “atmospheric” case, large-scale turbulent fluctuations are dominated by barotropic zonal jets with non-Gaussian statistics while the “oceanic” case has large-scale blocking regime transitions with barotropic zonal jets and large-scale Rossby waves. Recently introduced, cheap radical linear stochastic filtering algorithms utilizing mean stochastic models (MSM1, MSM2) that have judicious model errors are developed here as well as a very recent cheap stochastic parameterization extended Kalman filter (SPEKF), which includes stochastic parameterization of additive and multiplicative bias corrections “on the fly.” These cheap stochasti...
Renewing the theology of martyrdom.

This study examines the contribution that Latin American liberation theology, specifically the work of Jon Sobrino, offers to the Christian understanding of martyrdom. It contends that over time th...
Fixed-Effects Modeling of Cohen's Kappa for Bivariate Multinomial Data

Cohen's kappa statistic is the conventional method that is used widely in measuring agreement between two responses when they are categorical. In this article, we develop a fixed-effects modeling of Cohen's kappa for bivariate multinomial data which reduces to Cohen's kappa under certain conditions and hence can be considered as a generalization of the conventional Cohen's kappa. Also, this method can easily be adapted as a generalization of Cohen's weighted kappa. Properties of the proposed method are provided. Large sample performance is investigated through bootstrap simulation studies followed by two illustrative examples.
Gene Expression in American Lobster (Homarus americanus) with Epizootic Shell Disease

Epizootic shell disease (ESD) has been reported widely in American lobster (Homarus americanus, Milne Edwards) in southern New England. The appearance of irregular, deep lesions—characteristic of ESD—has been associated previously with elevated levels of ecdysteroids and premature molting, but the underlying molecular and physiological changes associated with ESD remain poorly understood. Previously, we identified several genes, including arginine kinase and hemocyanin, that were expressed differentially in lobsters exhibiting signs of ESD (diseased) versus those lobsters exhibiting no signs of ESD (assumed healthy), and quantified their expression. In this study, we extend these findings and measure expression of a suite of 12 genes in tissues from 36 female lobsters of varying disease condition. In addition, molt stage is evaluated as a possible confounding factor in the expression of the selected genes. The expression of several genes changed significantly with disease stage. Arginine kinase expression decreased significantly in thoracic muscle of lobsters with signs of ESD. Ecdysteroid receptor expression was elevated significantly in both muscle and hepatopancreas of lobsters with signs of ESD. CYP45, a cytochrome P450 form that was shown previously to covary with ecdysteroid levels and to be inducible by some xenobiotics, showed significantly increased expression in hepatopancreas of lobsters with signs of ESD. Together, these results demonstrate that the expression of several genes is altered in lobsters showing signs of ESD, even when accounting for variation in molt stage. Given the observed changes in ecdysteroid receptor, arginine kinase, and CYP45 expression, further investigations of the association, if any, between molting, muscular function and xenobiotic metabolism and ESD are warranted.
Dose dependence of covalent binding of acrylonitrile to tissue protein and globin in rats.

The dose dependence of acrylonitrile (AN) covalent binding to tissue protein, following a single acute exposure over a 100-fold range in dose, was measured. Covalent binding was a linear function of AN dose in the lower dose range (0.02–0.95 mmol AN/kg). The slopes of the dose–response curves indicated that tissues varied by nearly 10-fold in their reactivity with AN. The relative order of covalent binding was as follows: blood ⪢ kidney = liver > forestomach = brain > glandular stomach ⪢ muscle. Similar dose–response behavior was observed for globin total covalent binding and for globinN-(2-cyanoethyl)valine (CEValine) adduct formation. The latter adduct was found to represent only 0.2% of the total AN adduction to globin. Regression of tissue protein binding versus globin total covalent binding or globin CEValine adduct indicated that both globin biomarkers could be used as surrogates to estimate the amount of AN bound to tissue protein. At higher AN doses, above approximately 1 mmol/kg, a sharp break in the covalent binding dose–response curve was observed. This knot value is explained by the nearly complete depletion of liver glutathione and the resultant termination of AN detoxification. The toxicity of AN is known to increase sharply above this dose. The data suggest that a comparison of specific tissue proteins labeled by AN above and below this threshold dose may provide some insight into the mechanism of AN-induced toxicity.
Prevention of violence

Primary care physicians can easily incorporate efforts toward the primary and secondary prevention of family violence into their practices. By designing a preventive effort using the phases of the family life cycle, a developmentally appropriate system of prevention is created. The anticipatory guidance at each (annual) visit acknowledges family transitions and assures the family that abuse is a health issue and that the physician is a resource for issues of violence prevention. Using the FLC, the first phase is Coupling, when there is a risk of partner violence that continues as long as there is a partnership. Pregnancy and childbirth bring concerns of child neglect and battery. Older children are at additional risk for child sexual abuse. As families age, risks develop for elder abuse, too. The regular discussion of these issues raises the awareness that the potential for family violence continues over the life span and allows the physician opportunities to assess the risk of violence in that family and make appropriate preventive referrals. Primary care physicians are optimally positioned to address violence and its prevention in the office: they know and care for family units over time. Physicians are respected and trusted advisors who can become effective in preventing violence.
Damage to tomato fruit by the western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Cosmetic fruit damage on tomato recently has resulted in downgrading and cullout of freshmarket fruit in the southeastern U.S. The damage consists of small indentations that are sometimes surrounde...
Chronic protein restriction does not alter energetic efficiency or brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity in genetically obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats.

Attenuated regulatory thermogenesis in genetically obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats involves an impaired capacity to increase sympathetic drive to brown adipose tissue in response to dietary stimuli. Young, growing lean rats fed a low protein diet reduce energetic efficiency to compensate for elevated energy intake ; however, it is not known if obese rats adapt similarly to chronic protein restriction by decreasing energetic efficiency and whether this would be accompanied by increased brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity. Lean (Fa/Fa) and obese Zucker rats were either protein-restricted (protein 8% of total energy) or fed a control diet (21% protein) starting at age 5 wk. At 9 wk, oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) was measured in response to an intubated meal of mixed macronutrient composition. Mass-adjusted food intake (i.e., food intake/body weight 0.67 ) was greater in protein-restricted than in control lean rats, but not different due to diet in obese rats. Mass-adjusted brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein levels were more than 100% greater in protein-restricted vs. control lean rats, but not different between protein-restricted and control obese rats. The uncoupling protein level was not significantly different in control lean vs. obese rats. Energetic efficiency was 40% lower in protein-restricted vs. control lean, but not different in obese rats ; however, the efficiency of protein utilization was significantly greater in obese protein-restricted than in obese control rats. Meal-induced energy expenditure (VO 2 ) did not differ significantly due to diet or genotype. In conclusion, protein restriction led to overfeeding in lean rats which appeared to enhance brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity and decrease energetic efficiency. Protein efficiency increased to more than two times its original value in obese (fa/fa) rats, but otherwise no metabolic accommodation in the capacity for regulatory thermogenesis was observed in this genotype. J. Nutr. 125 : 2183-2193, 1995.
Incorporation Choice, Uniformity, and the Reform of Nonprofit State Law

This Article explores the significance of private lawmaking initiatives in the reform process of nonprofit state law, with specific consideration to recent and on-going projects led by the American Bar Association, American Law Institute, and National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. The paper documents and explains how various institutional dynamics, ingrained habits, and other factors unique to the tax-exempt sector, most notably the choices of nonprofit organizations regarding where to incorporate, effect the ways in which nonprofit law is developed. To that end, the Article presents empirical findings revealing that nonprofits are far less likely than for-profit corporations to opt for out-of-state incorporation. This, in turn, makes nonprofit entities less able than their for-profit counterparts to shape the legal regime governing their activities and thus heightens the influence of private lawmaking projects in the charitable sector.
Delphic oracles: ambiguity, institutions, and multiple streams

The aim of the special issue is to explore a neglected aspect of the multiple streams approach (MSA): the impact of institutions in amending (or not) the framework’s logic and hypotheses. The articles address this issue drawing on evidence from the Czech Republic, Germany, Norway, and the European Union. After discussing the origins and elements of multiple streams, I lay out the challenges posed by including institutions in MSA and introduce some of the ways the authors have attempted to overcome them. I argue the inclusion of institutions challenges and enriches but does not seriously amend the logic of MSA.
Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle Aerodynamic Modeling Including Flapping and Rigid Body Velocity

A revised model for the aerodynamic forces and moments for apping wing micro air vehicles is introduced. This model computes the aerodynamic forces for each apping wing using both the wing velocity due to actively apping the wing and due to the rigid body translational and rotational velocities. The model is based on blade element theory applied to each in nitesimal area of the wing rather than strips, as is commonly done in comparable modeling works. This facilitates using the full three dimensional information about the wing velocity rather than initially projecting the velocity on a chord cross-section. The model is analytically analyzed and a method for obtaining cycle-averaged aerodynamic forces and moments is presented. The cycle-averaged expressions are then analytically decomposed in order to obtain control variable sensitivities (partial derivatives with respect to wing stroke parameters) with relative ease. It is shown in simulation that rigid body motion during a controlled waypoint tracking maneuver causes a signi cant contribution to the aerodynamic forces. Furthermore, it is shown that previously introduced control designs are robust enough to maintain tracking performance despite the added model delity.
Observations on Human Beings with Cancer, Maintained at Reduced Temperatures of 75°–90° Fahrenheit

During a little more than three years the authors have been interested in observing the effects of reduced temperatures upon embryonal cell growth and activity, especially in its possible application clinically to the cancer field. These observations have included studies upon chick embryos, various forms of plant life and tissue cultures, as well as upon hopeless cases of human cancer. It has been shown by Fay and Henny that the prolonged local application of temperatures of 40°-50° Fahrenheit to human neoplastic lesions resulted regularly in the relief of pain and in reduction of the size of the tumor. In these initial studies, carefully controlled temperature readings by means of an extremely accurate and rapidly recording thermocouple (Henny) were obtained. Subsequently, similar skin temperature readings were made in cases where the entire body temperature was reduced, in an effort to maintain levels at least comparable to those found normally existing in the extremities; i.e., 86°-88° Fahrenheit. The rationale for this procedure is explained on the basis of the comparative infrequency of either primary or secondary neoplastic lesions below the elbows or knees, where the only apparent difference from other portions of the body lies in the lower temperature existant. It was felt that this level of approximately 90° Fahrenheit must represent a subcritical level in respect to embryonal cell
Hydroprocessing of Biorenewable Thermal Deoxygenation Oils

Thermal deoxygenation (TDO) of neutralized biomass acid hydrolyzate, namely, levulinate and formate salt mixtures, is demonstrated to yield low oxygen bio-oils suitable for transportation fuels. The chemistry and upgrading potential are evaluated for TDO oils derived from calcium- and magnesium-neutralized model biomass acid hydrolyzate containing levulinate/formate salt mixtures at a 1:1 molar ratio. TDO oils were prepared using a 50 L semibatch reactor and analyzed for component chemistry and physicochemical properties. The TDO oils contain a broad distribution of monoaromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons with H:C ratio of ≅1:1. Crude oils were processed under hydrogen pressure in a vertical downflow tubular reactor, using a Ni/SiO2–Al2O3 catalyst. Sustained yields of 90+ wt % were achieved over 700 h operating without catalyst regeneration. Products were identified by GC-MS to contain primarily naphthenes, monoaromatics, partially saturated polyaromatics, and only trace oxygenates. Hydroprocessed oils...
CSEM Uncertainties and Inversion

Uncertainties in marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) data consist of two independent parts: measurement noise and position uncertainties. Measurement noise can be readily determined using stacking statistics in the Fourier domain. The uncertainties due to errors in position can be estimated using perturbation analysis given estimates of the uncertainties in transmitter-receiver geometries. However, the various geometric parameters are not independent (e.g. change in antenna dip affects antenna altitude, etc.) so how uncertainties derived from perturbation analysis can be combined to derive error-bars on CSEM data is not obvious. In this study, we use data from the 2009 survey of the Scarborough gas field to demonstrate that (a) a repeat tow may be used to quantify uncertainties from geometry, (b) perturbation analysis also yields a good estimate of data uncertainties as a function of range and frequency so long as the components are added arithmetically rather than in quadrature, and (c) lack of a complex error structure in inversion yields model results which are unrealistic and leads to “over-selling” of the capabilities of CSEM at any particular prospect.
Effect of coping styles on the psychological impact of discussing life expectancy for men with advanced cancer

9615 Background: Discussions of life expectancy between men and oncologists are limited, in part, because of the potential adverse effect on psychological outcomes. However, appraisal of the cancer threat may enhance coping and improve psychological outcomes for some men with advanced cancer. Methods: We recruited 81 men with advanced cancer to complete surveys including coping (Mini-MAC), post-traumatic growth (PTGI), psychological outcomes (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Men and oncologists rated extent of discussions about life expectancy. Moderation was assessed with regression interactions and follow-up within group Pearson correlations. Results: Men reported a full (33%), brief (41%), or no (26%) discussion of life expectancy. Concordance was low. Only 23 (28%) agreed with oncologists about the extent of discussion. Among the 34 oncologists who reported having a full discussion, 16 (47%) of their patients reported having a brief discussion and 8 (24%) reported no discussion. Men who reporte...
Evaluation of Low-Tech Client Transfer Devices Used by Home Care Aides:

Home care tasks, such as patient lifting and transferring, involve forceful exertions and awkward postures and may increase the risk of low back injury. Sixteen home care aides completed simulated client transfers between a bed and wheelchair using a manual transfer method and four transfer devices. Findings suggested that high (bed) to low (wheelchair) transfers produced significant lower hand forces than low to high transfers, while the hand forces using the Beasy board and the Tyvek board were less than the manual’s during transfers in both directions. Average trunk flexion speeds were significantly slower while using devices than using the manual method during these transfers. The usability survey suggests that the Beasy board required less exertion and would be preferred for future client visits.
Investigation on Lead Pollution of A Storage Battery Factory in Huiyang District of Huizhou City

[Objective] To understand the status of lead pollution of a storage battery factory in Huiyang District of Huizhou City.[Methods]Occupational health surveillance and occupational health examination were performed on workplace of the factory during May 2009-May 2010. Totally 60 lead fume (lead dust) air samples were collected, as well as 91 blood samples of lead exposed workers and 60 blood samples of non-lead exposed workers as controls. The blood lead levels were detected.[Results] Air lead concentration in operating environment was in excess of 80%(48/60) blood lead exceeding rate of workers was 49.5%.[Conclusion]The Hazard of lead exposure is serious in this factory that the factory should improve the production environment as soon as possible, and strengthen the safety education of occupational hazards among workers. Government departments should strengthen health surveillance and monitoring, and try to protect the health of workers.
The SSL Debugger

The SSL debugger provides facilities for finding errors in editor specifications and for profiling editors.
We Can Rebuild It; We Have The Technology: Modifying The Mac Mini For Use As A Classroom Instructor Station

Apple's Mac Mini is a near perfect solution for use in the classroom; it has out of the box support for OS X and Windows, has a small form factor, and is relatively low cost. It does have its own unique challenges, one of which is a rear mounted power switch that requires a mechanical lever when securely rack mounted. At Carleton College, we were tasked with improving the performance and mechanical reliability of our Mac Minis by making them better than they were before. This means better hard drives, stronger power switches, and faster boot times. In this presentation, I'll discuss how we increased overall performance using a combination of new boot protocols, SSDs, auto parts, a soldering iron, and a drill press.
Transplant Outcomes after Topotecan-Melphalan-Cyclophosphamide (TMC) Conditioning for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma. Comparison to Melphalan 200 mg/M2 (MEL200).

Abstract Background: Topotecan at modest doses has activity in multiple myeloma (MM). The combination of high-dose topotecan, melphalan, and cyclophosphamide (TMC) has been used as a conditioning regimen for autologous SCT in patients with MM. We report the results of a phase II trial with this combination and perform a retrospective analysis comparing TMC to a standard preparative regimen of melphalan 200 mg/m2 (MEL200). Patients and Methods: Between 10/99 and 3/04, 55 patients with newly diagnosed MM were treated on a Phase II trial of topotecan 3.5 mg/m2 daily for 5 days in combination with cyclophoshamide 1 gm/m2 daily for 3 days, and melphalan 70 mg/m2 daily for 2 days followed by autologous SCT. Patient characteristics are summarized in table 1. In brief, median age was 55 (range, 37–67), median time to transplant was 6 months (range, 2-59); median B2M @diagnosis 3.3 (range, 1.4–17.2); 76% of patients had chemosensitive disease prior to transplant. Results: No treatment related deaths were observed, the regimen was well tolerated with grade 2 Bearman mucositis and diarrhea the most common toxicities, and no grade 3 or 4 toxicities observed. When compared to a group of patients who received MEL 200 the overall response rate was lower 75% vs 82% and a lower CR rate 11% vs 36%, but a similar median time to disease progression (14 m vs 13 m), with a trend towards a better 3 yr overall survival (87% vs 77%; p=.05) (Table 2 and Figure 1). Conclusion: TMC is a well tolerated conditioning regimen for myeloma, our results suggests that although no more effective than MEL200 as a single preparative regimen for MM, it warrants exploring as part of a tandem transplant program. Patient Characteristics TMC MEL200 N 55 157 Median Age (range) 55(37-67) 56(29-75) Median B2M @Dx 3.3 (1.4 - 17.2) 4 (0.5 - 49.8) % Abn Cytogenetics 15% 22% CR/PR @ SCT 4%/73% 10%/89% % 1ry Refractory 24% 27% Transplant Outcomes TMC MEL200 p ORR/CR conversion 75%/11% 82%/36% Non Relapse Mortality 0 2 Median OS NR 52 months .05 Download : Download high-res image (102KB) Download : Download full-size image
Proportion as a metric of problematic alcohol-energy drink consumption in college students

ABSTRACTBackground: Alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) is linked to deleterious drinking, particularly within college students. However, measurement and methodological concerns complicate a more thorough understanding of how AmED contributes to problematic alcohol consumption. This study examined AmED proportion (i.e., percentage of overall drinking events involving AmED consumption) as a metric for differentiating problematic alcohol use and tested the utility for explaining additional risk of alcohol-related problems beyond overall alcohol involvement. Methods: Self-report data were collected from a diverse sample of AmED consumers from two west-coast U.S. universities (N = 458; 60.1% female; 31.4% White). Participants were divided into three AmED proportion groups: low (25% or less of all drinking events), moderate (about 50%), or high (75% or more), and assessed for overall alcohol use and related consequences. Results: The groups did not differ on demographics or recent alcohol use. However, hig...
Optimization of a modular drone delivery system

Drones have recently become a promising solution for rapid parcel delivery due to advances in battery technology and navigation systems. Drones have inherited limitations in battery capacity and payload, which make their efficient operation and management a critical problem for a successful delivery system. Adopting modularity in the drone design can provide operational benefits to increase overall fleet readiness and reduce overall fleet size. This paper discusses the potential value of introducing modular design to a drone delivery system. We propose an optimization method for the operation management of a fleet of modular delivery drones. This paper presents simulation results that compare the proposed method with existing operation management methods. The results show that a simple operation management strategy can make a drone delivery system unstable with increasing demand on certain types of modules in the fleet. The results comparing modular and non-modular drone operation also prove that the proposed operation management method with modular drones can save delivery time and energy consumption during a delivery operation over non-modular drones.
Impacts of high-speed rail on domestic air transportation in China

Abstract This study investigates the impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) on domestic air transportation in China using a new comprehensive modeling framework utilizing both demand and supply perspectives. For the first time the assessment was conducted using an improved panel regression model by taking into account of the detailed opening schedules of various HSR services during the period 2001–2014. The research findings reveal that the deployed HSR services have a significant substitutional effect on domestic air transportation in China, but the effect varies across different HSR routes, travel distance and city type. Specifically, the research found a decrease in domestic passengers of 28.2%, in flights of 24.6% and in seat capacity of 27.9% after the introduction of HSR services. The impacts are found much stronger among those air routes that connect major hub within a distance range of 500 to 800 km. The uneven nature of the impact can be seen in the different experiences of selected cities. For example, air travel declined approximately 45% after commencement of the Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR, whereas it fell by 34% after the opening of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR.
Earth beyond repair: Race and apocalypse in collective imagination:

Scholars have argued that geologic proposals for the Anthropocene are entangled with collective imaginaries and geopolitical anxieties. In this article, we analyze three prominent tropes of America...
The ‘Ornithologists’, the ‘Birds’, and the Meaning of the ‘Meaning of Europe’: Keynote Address to the EAHN on the Occasion of its Tenth Anniversary

This essay questions the unspoken assumptions behind the issues raised about the ‘meaning of “Europe”’ by the organizers of the EAHN roundtable session in 2017 for which this was the keynote address.
Reconceptualizing the informed consent process at eight innovative hospitals.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Hospitals struggle to make informed consent processes understandable for patients. Amid "promising practices" for patient-centered communication, there is debate over how to handle consent processes for patients with limited literacy, health literacy, or English proficiency. Methods In 2005, the American Medical Association's Ethical Force Program and the American Hospital Association's Health Research and Educational Trust conducted eight site visits to determine how hospitals use patient-centered communication to improve health care. Findings Each of the eight hospitals noted a number of problems in the traditional informed consent process, sparking a broad set of efforts to improve. Disagreements about how to do so often focused on whether to attempt simplification and translation of informed consent documents. Specifically, hospital leaders held widely divergent views on legal and accreditation requirements for these forms. However, several other promising practices met with widespread approval. Discussion Overall, informed consent in the eight hospitals was becoming more patient centered and integrated. The significant variation across states makes it difficult to provide overarching policy guidance on the informed consent process. Greater regulatory clarity is needed so that policies and practices can be more closely aligned with the ethical foundations of informed consent.
Activity recognition with finite state machines

This paper shows how to learn general, Finite State Machine representations of activities that function as recognizers of previously unseen instances of activities. The central problem is to tell which differences between instances of activities are unimportant and may be safely ignored for the purpose of learning generalized representations of activities. We develop a novel way to find the "essential parts" of activities by a greedy kind of multiple sequence alignment, and a method to transform the resulting alignments into Finite State Machine that will accept novel instances of activities with high accuracy.