cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of novel repeat sequences in and around the P1 operon in the genome of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

The presence of numerous different repetitive elements in the genome of Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been documented by several laboratories. One which we previously identified, denoted as SDC1, has now been further characterized, verified to be distinct from those discussed in previous publications and shown to lack homology to several other species of Mycoplasma when tested under our stringency conditions. As many as eight versions of the SDC1-type repeat, which is more than 400 bp long, are scattered throughout the genome of M. pneumoniae. The prototype for SDC1 is found within a gene encoding a putative 130-kDa membrane-binding protein lying just downstream from the gene encoding the cytadhesin protein P1. In fact, all of the reported M. pneumoniae repetitive elements have at least one representative either within or adjacent to the P1 operon; many if not all of these lie within open reading frames. The function of these repetitive elements is still unclear.
Outcome of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants (500 to 999 Grams) Over a 12-Year Period

OBJECTIVE: Advances in neonatology have contributed to improved survival for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Neurodevelopmental outcome is usually reported for a single large group of infants rather than according to smaller birth weight groups because of small numbers. Our purpose was to review the neurodevelopmental outcome of a large group of ELBW infants and examine differential outcome according to birth weight. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 446 infants born between 1979 and 1991, with a birth weight of 500 to 999 g, were followed to mean age 55 months +/- 33 standard deviation. Univariate analyses of medical risk factors of birth weight, gestational age, year of birth, growth retardation, gender, inborn/outborn status, days on oxygen, intracranial hemorrhage, and social risk in relation to outcome were conducted on the group as a whole. Neurologic/developmental outcome was also analyzed by 100-g weight groups. RESULTS: A total of 61% of all infants were completely normal, with no neurologic, neurosensory, or cognitive deficits. There was no association between outcome and birth weight. There was a strong association between intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) grade III or IV and/or cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and abnormal outcome (Somers' D = .17) and ICH III/IV and/or cystic PVL and cognitive outcome (Kendall's tau = .15). Mild to moderate cognitive delays were associated with chronic lung disease (oxygen >60 days) (Kruskal-Wallis chi2 = 17.53) or high social risk (Kruskal-Wallis chi2 = 22.17). CONCLUSION: In this study of ELBW infants, low birth weight was not associated with abnormal outcome. The risk factors of ICH III-IV/cystic PVL, chronic lung disease, and high social risk were associated with abnormal outcome.
Predictors of local control after single-dose stereotactic image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy for extracranial metastases.

Purpose To report tumor local control after treatment with single-dose image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SD-IGRT) to extracranial metastatic sites. Methods and Materials A total of 126 metastases in 103 patients were treated with SD-IGRT to prescription doses of 18–24 Gy (median, 24 Gy) between 2004 and 2007. Results The overall actuarial local relapse–free survival (LRFS) rate was 64% at a median follow-up of 18 months (range, 2–45 months). The median time to failure was 9.6 months (range, 1–23 months). On univariate analysis, LRFS was significantly correlated with prescription dose (p = 0.029). Stratification by dose into high (23 to 24 Gy), intermediate (21 to 22 Gy), and low (18 to 20 Gy) dose levels revealed highly significant differences in LRFS between high (82%) and low doses (25%) (p Conclusion High-dose SD-IGRT is a noninvasive procedure resulting in high probability of local tumor control. Single-dose IGRT may be effectively used to locally control metastatic deposits regardless of histology and target organ, provided sufficiently high doses (> 22 Gy) of radiation are delivered.
Access and mobility of wireless PDA users

In this paper, we analyze the mobility patterns of users of wireless hand-held PDAs in a campus wireless network using an eleven week trace of wireless network activity. Our study has two goals. First, we characterize the high-level mobility and access patterns of hand-held PDA users and compare these characteristics to previous workload mobility studies focused on laptop users. Second, we develop two wireless network topology models for use in wireless mobility studies: an evolutionary topology model based on user proximity and a campus waypoint model that serves as a trace-based complement to the random waypoint model. We use our evolutionary topology model as a case study for preliminary evaluation of three ad hoc routing algorithms on the network topologies created by the access and mobility patterns of users of modern wireless PDAs. Based upon the mobility characteristics of our trace-based campus waypoint model, we find that commonly parameterized synthetic mobility models have overly aggressive mobility characteristics for scenarios where user movement is limited to walking. Mobility characteristics based on realistic models can have significant implications for evaluating systems designed for mobility. When evaluated using our evolutionary topology model, for example, popular ad hoc routing protocols were very successful at adapting to user mobility, and user mobility was not a key factor in their performance.
Abnormal distribution of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in sporadic inclusion body myositis

Previous histopathologic studies of sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) identified sarcoplasmic aggregation and myonuclear depletion of the predominantly nuclear heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) TDP-43 in sIBM myofibers. Here, we examined sIBM muscle for abnormalities in two other hnRNPs hnRNPA1 and hnRNPA2B1, mutations in which cause multisystem proteinopathy associated with rimmed-vacuolar myopathies. Muscle biopsy specimens from 13 patients with sIBM and 13 patients without sIBM (dermatomyositis N = 3, polymyositis N = 3, muscular dystrophy N = 3, motor neuron disease N =2 , non-neuromuscular disease N = 2) underwent immunohistochemistry for hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2B1, and TDP-43. Muscle transcriptional microarray data from 27 patients with sIBM and 12 patients without neuromuscular disease was analyzed. Depletion of hnRNPA1 and hnRNPA2B1 was present in 15% and 7% of sIBM myonuclei, respectively, compared with 1% and 0% of myonuclei in non-sIBM muscle. Sarcoplasmic aggregates of hnRNPA1 and hnRNPA2B1 distinct from TDP-43 aggregates were also found in sIBM. hnRNPA1 and hnRNPA2B1, as well as other hnRNPs, gene expression was unaltered in sIBM compared to normal muscle. Along with TDP-43, other hnRNPs, including hnRNPA1 and hnRNPA2B1, are depleted from sIBM myonuclei at the protein but not transcript level. The depletion of multiple hnRNPs from sIBM myonuclei together with their sarcoplasmic aggregation suggests that one aspect of sIBM pathophysiology may involve abnormal RNA metabolism that includes hyperassembly of ribonucleoprotein granules mediated by prion-like domains in hnRNPs, evolving into pathological aggregates. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Theory and Practice in Dividend Distribution

I. Application of marginal principle to dividend distribution, 64.— Case of the small expanding corporation, 68.— The cash position, 69.— II. Statistical investigation of the problem presents many difficulties, 70.— Individual corporations over long period, 71.— Income tax data, 72.— Fraction of net incomes customarily ploughed back, 73.— III. Principles of dividend distribution which appear to have guided corporate directorates: the cash position, 78; fear of illegality, 78; accumulation of surplus against possible future losses, 78; stabilization of dividend rates, 79; special interests of management groups, 81; custom, 83.— IV. Conclusions, 84.
Child physical abuse risk moderates spontaneously inferred traits from ambiguous child behaviors

The present study examined whether parents at high-risk for child physical abuse (CPA) differed from low-risk parents in their tendency to infer positive traits and negative traits from children's behaviors. The final sample consisted of 58 (25 low CPA risk and 33 high CPA risk) parents. Parents completed a false-recognition task, which involved viewing behavior descriptions paired with child photographs. Half of the behavior descriptions vaguely/strongly implied a trait and half of the implied traits were positive/negative. The contributions of automatic processes and controlled processes to task performance were examined using process dissociation procedures. Low CPA risk parents were significantly less likely to indicate negative traits were present in behavioral descriptions of children when negative traits were vaguely (compared to strongly) implied. In contrast, high CPA risk parents were equally likely to indicate negative traits were present regardless of whether the traits were vaguely or strongly implied. For low (but not high) CPA risk parents, automatic processes contributed significantly less to task performance when negative traits were vaguely implied compared to when the same traits were strongly implied. Given that parenting involves negotiating a seemingly endless series of ambiguous behaviors as children grow and develop, the capacity to refrain from automatically attributing negative traits to children when they exhibit vaguely negative behaviors may serve an important function in reducing risk of aggressive parenting behavior.
Virus particle quantitation and its application to virus–host cell interactions

Virus quantitation is discussed stressing the discrepancy between the biological titer and the physical virus particle count. When both these techniques are used in conjunction, one can more realistically catalog viral properties. The merits of this technique are exemplified in a study of the growth kinetics and properties of vesicular stomatitis virus in tissue culture.
TWO ELECTRONS IN A COULOMB POTENTIAL. DOUBLE-CONTINUUM WAVE FUNCTIONS AND THRESHOLD LAW FOR ELECTRON--ATOM IONIZATION.

The Schr\"odinger equation for two electrons in a Coulomb field is studied in the critical region where both electrons have near-zero kinetic energies. The main feature of this problem is that the mutual screening between the two electrons determines and is determined by the partition of the available energy between them. This energy-dependent screening can be taken into account to yield a complex potential in the radial variable $R={({r}_{1}^{2}+{r}_{2}^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ of the six-dimensional configuration space of the two electrons. Solutions of this equation are obtained and are shown to correspond to the classical orbits given in an early paper by Wannier. A possible way is indicated of using these wave functions to establish the Wannier threshold law which, for ionization of neutral atoms, is $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\propto}{E}^{1.127}$. Finally, the interplay between the total energy and the Coulomb potential is discussed both for this problem and for the case of one electron in the field of a nucleus.
Prostate Specific Antigen Detected Prostate Cancer (Clinical Stage T1C): An Interim Analysis

AbstractPurpose: The majority of impalpable prostate cancers (stage T1c) are biologically significant. We report the interim results in 257 patients with stage T1c prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: Prostate specific antigen progression-free survival was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine which clinical and pathological variables independently correlated with progression. Comparisons among the various clinical substages (T1a to T2b/c) were calculated.Results: Of the patients with stage T1c cancers 51 percent had stage pT2c or less and 91 percent had clinically significant tumors on the basis of pathological grade, deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy and tumor volume. High preoperative prostate specific antigen, poorly differentiated tumors and nondiploid status were strong independent predictors of progression. The 5-year survival rate free of progression was 84 percent. Patients with clinical stage T1c cancers had a signi...
Imaging human mesolimbic dopamine transmission with positron emission tomography. Part II: amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the functional subdivisions of the striatum.

The human striatum is functionally organized into limbic, associative, and sensorimotor subdivisions, which process information related to emotional, cognitive, and motor function. Dopamine projections ascending from the midbrain provide important modulatory input to these striatal subregions. The aim of this study was to compare activation of dopamine D2 receptors after amphetamine administration in the functional subdivisions of the human striatum. D2 receptor availability (V3″) was measured with positron emission tomography and [11C]raclopride in 14 healthy volunteers under control conditions and after the intravenous administration of amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg). For each condition, [11C]raclopride was administered as a priming bolus followed by constant infusion, and measurements of D2 receptor availability were obtained under sustained binding equilibrium conditions. Amphetamine induced a significantly larger reduction in D2 receptor availability (ΔV3″) in limbic (ventral striatum, −15.3 ± 11.8%) and se...
Effects of soil fertility and mycorrhizal infection on pollen production and pollen grain size of Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae)

The effects of soil fertility (two levels of soil nitrogen and two levels of soil phosphorus) and mycorrhizal infection on pollen production and pollen grain size were studied in two cultivars of the common zucchini (Cucurbita pepo). Overall, soil fertility and mycorrhizal infection had significant effects on traits affecting the male function of plants (staminate flower production, pollen production per flower and pollen grain size). There were also differences between the cultivars for these male traits in all three experiments. In addition, pollen grain size decreased toward the end of the growing season. In the mycorrhiza experiment, both phosphate concentration per pollen grain and total phosphate content per anther were greater but not significantly greater in the mycorrhizal plants than in the non-mycorrhizal plants. A significant negative relationship between pollen production and pollen grain size was found in the mycorrhiza and soil phosphorus experiments, indicating that there was a trade-off between pollen production and pollen size. This study is the first to show that mycorrhizal infection has an effect on male function (pollen production and size) in addition to the well-documented effects on female function (fruit/seed production and size).
Low concentrations of nitric oxide increase oxygen affinity of sickle erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo.

The hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD) is the polymerization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (HbS). In SCD patients, one strategy to reduce red blood cell (RBC) sickling is to increase HbS oxygen affinity. Our objective was to determine if low concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) gas would augment the oxygen affinity of RBCs containing homozygous HbS (SS). Blood containing normal adult hemoglobin (AA) or SS RBCs was incubated in vitro in the presence of varying concentrations of NO up to 80 ppm, and oxygen dissociation curves (ODCs) were measured. In addition, blood was obtained from three AA and nine SS volunteers, before and after breathing 80 ppm NO in air for 45 min, and the ODCs were measured. Exposure of SS RBCs to 80 ppm NO in vitro for 5 min or longer decreased the partial pressure of oxygen at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated with oxygen (P50), an average of 15% (4.8+/-1.7 mmHg mean+/-SE; P 0.1) by 80 ppm NO. In SS volunteers breathing 80 ppm NO for 45 min, the P50 decreased (P 0.1) in AA volunteers breathing NO. Methemoglobin (Mhb) remained low in all subjects breathing NO (SS Mhb 1.4+/-0.5%), and there was no correlation (r = 0.02) between the reduction in P50 and the change in Mhb. Thus, low concentrations of NO augment the oxygen affinity of sickle erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo without significant Mhb production. These results suggest that low concentrations of NO gas may offer an attractive new therapeutic model for the treatment of SCD.
The effect of the servicescape on customers’ behavioral intentions in leisure service settings

SERVQUAL, an instrument developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry, is currently the most popular measure of service quality. Compares these original studies with subsequent research employing the SERVQUAL instrument. Analyzes its psychometric properties to gain some basic insights into the overall utility of this measure, and offers directions for its use in future research. Discusses managerial implications and recommendations resulting from these analyses.
Ocular adnexal lymphoid tumors: progress in need of clarification.

Purpose To evaluate recent ophthalmic publications on ocular adnexal lymphomas (OALs) according to histopathologic and immunophenotypic criteria used in the diagnosis of systemic lymphomas (World Health Organization classification). Design Summary and critical analysis of recent clinical and pathologic studies. Methods Literature review and interpretation. Results In the largest study of 353 cases of OALs published in the pathology literature, extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) constituted 52%, follicular lymphoma 23%, mantle cell lymphoma 5%, and small cell lymphocytic and chronic lymphocytic leukemia 4%—plus a residuum of arcane entities. In smaller series of less intensively studied OALs in the ophthalmic literature, EMZLs had a higher preponderance and also were associated with a favorable prognosis. Many EMZLs seemed to arise primarily in the ocular adnexa (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] lymphoma should be restricted for EMZLs involving epithelial tissues). Conclusions Rigorous diagnostic criteria and a proposal for a prospective multicenter study may bring further clarification to the emerging order in this set of tumors.
WISC-III profiles for children with and without learning disabilities

The degree of WISC-III intersubtest scatter was normal and similar for 66 children with LD and 51 children without LD, but the pattern of scores differed. In the 8- to 16-year-old sample, children with LD scored lower on the Freedom from Distractibility Index relative to FSIQ than children without LD. This difference was found in both the ADHD and nonADHD subgroups, suggesting that children with LD may have an attention deficit even if they do not meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. The CAD profile was evident in the mean scores for both the LD/ADHD and LD/nonADHD subgroups, but it was not found among the lowest subtest scores for any of the nonLD subgroups. Though WISC-III profile types were apparent in LD group data, only a minority of individual children with LD actually had these profiles. In the 6- and 7-year-old group, children with and without LD were indistinguishable on the WISC-III, which may reflect the difficulty of ruling out LD at this young age. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gravity results and emplacement geometry of the Sulawesi ultramafic belt, Indonesia

Preliminary results of gravity observations on the Southeast Arm of Sulawesi in eastern Indonesia provide evidence on the structure of the large ultramafic belt and associated melange units. Gravity highs at the schist-ultramafic contact indicate that the ultramafic rocks are very thick there, possibly dipping beneath the schist. The gravity effect of the ultramafic rocks decreases eastward away from the schist, and a gravity low over a large zone of limestone and melange requires a thick body of low density material, probably melange, to nearly surround the limestone blocks. The interpreted structure imposes constraints on models of emplacement of the ultramafic slab and is compatible with slicing off slivers of ocean crust and upper mantle in a subduction zone, but it is not compatible with obduction or with diapiric intrusion. Uplift of ultramafic rocks was aided initially by the presence of abundant low-density melange and, finally, by the collision of Sulawesi with the Banggai-Sula Islands.
Multi-level Political Careers in the USA: The Cases of African Americans and Women

This article explores what forces shape the careers of women and African American legislators, focusing on two key stages in the process: the election to state legislatures and the election to the US House of Representatives. We further consider the impact of that process on the maintenance of the political class in the US. Our findings suggest that African American members get elected when there are enough African American voters to elect them. State houses provide a nice starting point because the districts tend to be small allowing for a number of majority minority districts. But, at each successive step, i.e., the state senate and the US House, other factors enter the process. As districts get larger and the stakes get higher, it seems that success also becomes dependent on the number of African American politicians primed to move up by having experience serving in the preceding body. The pattern for women is less predictable with cultural variables and opportunity structure playing a role. The supply...
Ergonomic Evaluation of Aircraft Wing Recovering Tasks in General Aviation Maintenance

General aviation (GA) maintenance ergonomics has been a largely understudied area. It is known that risks for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) occur in other types of maintenance. This paper presents an approach to ergonomic evaluations in a GA maintenance workshop for tasks of recovering aircraft wings. First, a high-level analysis and resulting job/task hierarchy were completed. The task hierarchy suggested that the recovering tasks for three different types of aircraft wings present different musculoskeletal risks to maintainers. Next, ergonomic screening tools were used to evaluate the work performed on each wing type. Finally, based on the screening, more detailed ergonomic analyses were performed. Results indicated that risks to the low back as well as hands and wrists are present in these tasks with risks largely dependent on task duration. Evaluation tools used and suggestions for further research in this work domain are discussed.
Estimation of errors in differential thermometric titrimetry

Abstract Equations are derived predicting the error for applications of thermistors as temperature sensors in differential thermometric titrimetry. The predictions are compared with the error measured experimentally for a circuit with NTC thermistors.
Evaluation of proteins and organic nitrogen in wastewater treatment effluents.

Proteins represent a large portion of organic nitrogen and carbon in wastewater treatment effluents, but their detailed characteristics and their role and fate in receiving waters are virtually unknown. We used two protein fractionation techniques to characterize effluent proteins and proteolytic enzymes in three activated sludge plants, as a first step to elucidate the fate and role of proteins in receiving water environments. The quantitative data first showed that the protein concentration in primary and secondary effluents was significantly correlated with organic nitrogen and could comprise up to 60% of effluent organic nitrogen. Protein separation results showed that some proteins persisted through secondary treatment, while others were produced during biological treatment. Despite a high similarity of protein and enzyme profiles in primary effluent across three facilities, those in secondary effluent were consistently different, suggesting that effluent proteins could serve as markers of different ...
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY ROUND TABLE ON LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS 1994: EDUCATIONAL LINGUISTICS, CROSSCULTURAL COMMUNICATION, AND GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE. James E. Alatis (Ed.). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1994. Pp. 402. $35.00 paper.

This collection of 28 papers was first presented at the 1994 GURT. The theme of the conference was educational linguistics, crosscultural communication, and global interdependence. The vastness of the theme is reflected in the diversity of the chapter topics. Twelve of 28 deal with curricular issues. Of these, those by Kachru, Nyikos, D. Freeman, van Lier, Loew, and Richards discuss issues and concerns broadly related to the preparation of language teachers. D. Freeman's chapter is worthy of note because it offers an interesting discussion on the various strands of scholarship, which he suggests comprise the knowledge base of language teaching. Six of the 12 chapters center on curricular issues for the language classroom. Matters relating to the teaching of culture are dealt with by Oxford and Bamgbose. Brown discusses “responsive language teaching.” Citkina reports on innovative foreign language methods recently introduced in the Ukraine. A good discussion on computer-mediated communication and its usefulness to the language classroom is offered by Stauffer. Pica provides an excellent overview of the research on task-related learning and an equally useful discussion of its pedagogical implications.
Covariance formulas via marginal martingales

Prenctice and Cai recently introduced and studied the function C defined as the covariance function of the two marginal counting process martingales of a pair of dependent survival times (T1, T2). They show that the function C together with the marginal distributions determines the joint survival function F of (T1, T2). In this note we show how the key characterizing equation of Prentice and Cai yields a formula for the covariance of T1 and T2 in termsof the marginal mean residual life functions and C. The resulting formula generalizes a formula for the variance of a one-dimensional random variable Tdueto Pyke (1965). We also explore several generalizations of the covariance formula, and obtain a valid k-dimensional version of the Prentice and Cai formula.
Evaluation of a fixed removable partial denture: Andrews Bridge System

Fixed removable partial dentures are particularly indicated for patients with extensive supportive tissue loss and when the alignment of the opposing arches and/or esthetic arch position of the replacement teeth create difficulties. The Andrews Bridge System is one solution. When the oral architecture permits the construction of either a fixed partial denture or a fixed removable partial denture, the decision depends on specific clinical factors and the desires of the patient.
Plastic scintillator response to relativistic nuclei, Z ≤ 28

Abstract This paper deals with the nonlinearity in the response of Pilot Y plastic scintillators to the energy loss of ionizing particles. The data on which the analysis is based are derived from a balloon-borne cosmic-ray experiment to investigate nuclei over the charge range from Z = 1 through Z = 28 (nickel), and over an energy from 0.7 to 10 GeV/ n . Comparison of the data is made with two variants of a simple core-halo model and good agreement between the measurements and the models is found for this charge and energy range.
Larry Smarr: Building Mosaic

Larry Smarr describes Mosaic's birth and evolution at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. The first Web extra at http://youtu.be/3FEx-Eg4S2s is an audio recording of Charles Severance's Computing Conversations column, in which he discusses his interview with Larry Smarr about the birth and evolution of Mosaic at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. The second Web extra at http://youtu.be/gJ16VinDPY4 is a video interview with Larry Smarr about the birth and evolution of Mosaic at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications.
Modeling an Object‐Oriented Accounting System with Computer‐Aided Software Engineering

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this case is, first, to provide students with an experience in systems modeling, using facts gathered through interviews with employees who may not be skilled in presenting their responsibilities in a systematic, logical, sequential manner. Second, students will gain actual hands‐on experience learning and using a leading modeling language, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), through a popular Computer‐Aided Software Engineering (C.A.S.E.) tool. Finally, the students will be using those interview facts to model an object‐oriented system for processing cash receipts. In that effort, they will learn and apply the unique documentation techniques used in analyzing and designing object‐oriented systems with design features such as use cases, class diagrams with inheritance, and sequence diagrams.
Role of Particle Size Distribution on Pt Stability

This work aims to address the role of particle size distribution on Pt stability. A theoretical model is built based on modified Butler-Volmer equations, platinum oxide surface coverage and interparticle interactions between platinum oxide particles. Preliminary results demonstrate the change in platinum ions concentration across the electrode and membrane and reveal the effect of potential cycling on the particle size. Further research on the effect of particle size and potential cycling on electrochemically active surface area and its comparison with experimental data is in progress.
Wigner crystals of Na+ ions at the surface of a silica hydrosol.

The symmetry of the surface of an electrolyte solution can be anisotropic, regardless of the bulk’s isotropic symmetry, because of spatial correlations between adsorbed ions. The author used x-ray grazing-incidence diffraction to measure the spatial correlations between sodium ions in “classical one-component plasma” adsorbed with Bjerrum’s density at the surface of a monodispersed 22nm particle colloidal silica solution stabilized by NaOH with a total bulk concentration ∼0.05mol∕L. The authors findings show that the surface compact layer is in a two-dimensional crystalline state (symmetry p2), with four sodium ions forming the unit cell and a ∼30A translational correlation length between the ions.
Gesture and Speech in Spontaneous and Rehearsed Narratives

Abstract In the first of two experiments, professional actors were videotaped as they answered questions about their personal experiences, feelings, and beliefs. Their narratives were transcribed, and these scripts were given to actors of the same sex, who were videotaped as they tried to portray the original respondent in a convincing manner. Spontaneous portrayals did not differ from rehearsed versions of the same narratives in the proportion of time the speaker spent gesturing or in their rates of filled and silent pauses. However, spontaneous narratives were accompanied by more lexical movement and contained a greater proportion of intraclausal silent pauses. In a second experiment, naive subjects were shown both spontaneous and rehearsed versions and tried to select the spontaneous one. In different judgment conditions subjects (1) saw the video without sound, (2) only heard the sound track, or (3) both heard the sound and saw the picture. In all three judgment conditions, identification of the spontaneous version was better than chance, but subjects were reliably more accurate from the combined sound and picture than from either the sound or the picture alone.
Empirical Analysis of Decision-Making and Tour Formation Process: Comparison Between Seniors and Younger Individuals

The decision-making processes behind activity-travel planning and tour formation are still insufficiently understood. This lack of understanding is especially true in regard to seniors, the fastest growing age group in the United States. To understand these processes, activity-travel planning data collected in the Urban Travel Route and Activity Choice Survey for Chicago, Illinois, were analyzed. In this analysis, the activity planning behavior exhibited by respondents 65 years of age and older was compared with that of respondents younger than 65. The planning horizons and flexibilities of activity-travel attributes as well as the motivations for planning decisions were analyzed. Results revealed that elderly people tended to make fewer routine and more preplanned decisions, whereas younger people made more routine or impulsive decisions. People were highly inflexible in regard to activity location choice, but they were much more flexible when making timing decisions. An analysis of tour formation reveal...
On the Politics of the Sikh Diaspora

Singh examines the complex links that connect the history of the Sikhs in colonial India both to the Khalistani movement and to diasporic politics in multicultural Britain and the United States today. He reviews two books, The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of the Sikh Diaspora by Brian Axel (Duke UP, 2001) and Tony Ballantyne’s Between Colonialism and Diaspora: Sikh Cultural Formations in an Imperial World (Duke UP, 2006). Singh praises these texts for breaking “with the trend of producing case studies of individual or highly localized collective experiences in an attempt to grapple with the cultural interconnections that are foundational to the Sikh diaspora” and for highlighting “the effects of the performative enunciation of cultural claims.” But he also argues that the sociohistorical structures that allow for such articulation are less of a concern in these analyses than they should have been. In the course of his rich analysis, Singh argues that both Axel and Ballantyne anachronistically project the current identity concerns of the Sikh diaspora, embodied in the ambivalent figure of Maharajah Duleep Singh, backward onto the history of the colonialism in Punjab as well as onto the subsequent rise of Indian nationalism, to ill effect. He joins Axel in asking what constitutes a diaspora, and he examines the usefulness of Ballantyne’s claim that the continued emphasis on Khalistan in Sikh studies effaces the “politics of the everyday,” the more mundane but equally important cross-cultural dilemmas that confront diasporic Sikhs—an observation that has a more general application in diaspora studies as a whole.
The three-subunit cytochrome bc1 complex of Paracoccus denitrificans. Its physiological function, structure, and mechanism of electron transfer and energy transduction.

The cytochromebc1 complex purified fromP. denitrificans has the same electron-transfer and energy-transducing activities, is sensitive to the same electron-transfer inhibitors, and contains cytochromesb, c1, iron-sulfur protein, and thermodynamically stable ubisemiquinone identical to the counterpart complexes from mitochondria. However, the bacterialbc1 complex consists of only three proteins, the obligate electron-transfer proteins, while the mitochondrial complexes contain six or more supernumerary poly-peptides, which have no obvious electron-transfer function. TheP. denitrificans complex is a paradigm for thebc1 complexes of all gram-negative bacteria. In addition, because of its simple polypeptide composition and apparently minimal damage during isolation, theP. denitrificans bc1 complex is an ideal system in which to study structure-function relationships requisite to energy transduction linked to electron transfer.
Peripheral Responses to Cold: Case Studies From an Arctic Expedition

Objective An Arctic expedition provided an opportunity to examine the interaction between cold injury and peripheral acclimatization. The conditions were similar to those during which acclimatization has been demonstrated, yet they were also conducive to development of peripheral cold injury. Methods Extremity digit temperatures were measured during 30-minute peripheral cold-water (4°C) immersion (CWI) in 2 explorers (R.G. and T.L.) before and after a 109-day Arctic ski trek (average T air =−21°C). This self-supported trek involved carrying heavy backpacks (up to 45kg) and hauling sleds (∼100kg). Results During the expedition, the explorers' hands did not sustain frostbite, but their feet developed moderate trench foot. Unexpectedly, both men exhibited lower mean finger temperatures during CWI after the expedition in right and left hands (R.G. by 0.9°C and 0.2°C; T.L. by 1.8°C and 1.1°C), suggesting peripheral acclimatization was impaired. In contrast, mean toe temperatures during CWI were warmer in both right and left feet for T.L. (by 3.6°C and 2.3°C) and in the left foot for R.G. (by 1.3°C) postexpedition. There was no change in R.G.'s right toe mean temperature. Conclusions We speculate that prolonged heavy load carriage may have impaired blood flow or nerve conduction in the hands and inhibited acclimatization. Our data also suggest that despite incidence of moderate trench foot, acclimatization can still occur after resolving this injury.
Modular Hardware for On-Line Handling of Nuclear Data

At the National Bureau of Standards a flexible data handling system for use with the NBS Linac has been built. In developing this system the need for ease of modifications, ease of coding, and lexibility were carefully considered. The NBS system is designed around a building block concept. Certain of these building blocks represent the necessary interface between the specialized input-output devices and the computer while the remainder of the blocks represent specific devices such as analog-to-digital converters, scalers, and other devices to facilitate man-machine communication at both local and remote stations. The modular concept of both hardware and software development has allowed for great flexibility in the devices connected to the computer at any time and in the programs required for use with these devices. New hardware building blocks can be added to the system with no difficulty and with no change in existing programs. The general building-block approach to the NBS system together with examples of specific units will be described.
Multireader multicase reader studies with binary agreement data: simulation, analysis, validation, and sizing

We treat multireader multicase (MRMC) reader studies for which a reader’s diagnostic assessment is converted to binary agreement (1: agree with the truth state, 0: disagree with the truth state). We present a mathematical model for simulating binary MRMC data with a desired correlation structure across readers, cases, and two modalities, assuming the expected probability of agreement is equal for the two modalities (P1=P2). This model can be used to validate the coverage probabilities of 95% confidence intervals (of P1, P2, or P1−P2 when P1−P2=0), validate the type I error of a superiority hypothesis test, and size a noninferiority hypothesis test (which assumes P1=P2). To illustrate the utility of our simulation model, we adapt the Obuchowski–Rockette–Hillis (ORH) method for the analysis of MRMC binary agreement data. Moreover, we use our simulation model to validate the ORH method for binary data and to illustrate sizing in a noninferiority setting. Our software package is publicly available on the Google code project hosting site for use in simulation, analysis, validation, and sizing of MRMC reader studies with binary agreement data.
The nature of U(VI) complexation by halates and chloroacetates

Abstract The 1:1 complexation of uranyl cation with halates and haloacetates was studied in 0.10 M (NaClO 4 ) solution. The stability constants were obtained by a solvent extraction technique using 233 UO 2 2+ and the enthalpy data by calorimetric titration. The halate data were interpreted to reflect an outer-sphere nature for UO 2 ClO 3 + , an inner-sphere nature for UO 2 IO 3 + and a mixed nature for UO 2 BrO 3 + . Uranyl monoacetate was assigned an innersphere character, UO 2 ClAc + and UO 2 Cl 2 Ac + a mixed character, and UO 2 Cl 3 Ac + an outer-sphere nature.
Photocatalysis of chloroform degradation by μ-dichlorotetrachlorodipalladate(II)

Abstract Unlike other chlorometallate complexes that catalyze the photodecomposition of haloalkanes through photodissociation of a chlorine atom, both PdCl 4 2 - and Pd 2 Cl 6 2 - catalyze chloroform decomposition through a process that appears to involve C–H bond breakage from an excited state association complex with chloroform. This would account for the greatly retarded rate of decomposition in CDCl3 and for the generation of CCl4 as a side product. In chloroform, Pd 2 Cl 6 2 - and PdCl 4 2 - are in slow equilibrium with each other. The rate for the conversion of Pd 2 Cl 6 2 - – PdCl 4 2 - in chloroform at 23 °C obeys the expression (0.03 M−1 s−1) [ PdCl 4 2 - ][Cl−]. The equilibrium constant, K = [ Pd 2 Cl 6 2 - ][Cl−]2/[ PdCl 4 2 - ]2, was estimated to be 3 × 10−3 M in CHCl3.
A fast muon trigger for the PHENIX forward spectrometer upgrade

The PHENIX forward upgrade adds nosecone calorimeters and level-1 trigger (LVL-1) detectors to the muon forward spectrometers. The muon detector will trigger on high pT muons from W decay and reject background. This will enable study of quark and anti-quark polarizations in the proton. The upgrade will add momentum and timing information to the present muon trigger. Signals from 3 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) will provide momentum and timing information for the LVL-1 trigger. Each RPC carries a plane with coarse structure to establish a space point for timing and one with radial cathode strips for azimuthal resolution. Timing resolution of ≈ 2 ns rejects beam-related backgrounds and tracking from RPCs minimizes muons from hadron decays. RPC information is sent by optical. bers to LVL-1 trigger processors. A discussion of physics measurements possible, layout of the upgrade and details of RPC design and tests are given below.
Spectroscopic states of the CO oxidation/CO2 reduction active site of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and mechanistic implications.

CO dehydrogenases catalyze the reversible oxidation of CO to CO2, at an active site (called the C-cluster) composed of an Fe4S4 cube with what appears to be a 5-coordinate Fe (called FCII), linked ...
Very high-resolution observations of compact radio sources in the directions of supernova remnants

Compact radio sources whose positions lie within the outlines of supernova remnants may be the stellar remnants of supernova explosions and, if they are related to the supernova remnants, may be used to explore the nature of any morphological connection between the Galactic and extragalactic radio sources. Three such compact sources, G 127.11+0.54, CL 4, and 2051+433, have been observed at 10.65 GHz with an array of very long baseline interferometers having elements in the USA and West Germany. The radio source 2051+433 was also observed briefly at 5.01 GHz. The measured size of CL 4 at 10.65 GHz is about 0.0005 arcsec and seems to be dominated by the effects of interstellar scattering. No fringes were seen in 2051+433, and results indicate there is no compact component of 2051+433 smaller than 0.001 arcsec radiating at 10.65 GHz above a level of about 50 mJy. The possibility is presented that G 127.11+0.54 is a Galactic object. It is found to consist of two components separated by about 0.002 arcsec and oriented perpendicular to both the radio bridge of the supernova remnant G 127.1+0.5 and the underlying optical image. G 127.11+0.54, if Galactic, lies at the extreme low-luminosity end of an apparent continuum of Galactic and extragalactic compact radio source luminosities.
Predictions of cellular growth patterns by a feedback model

Abstract A mathematical model for the growth of an individual bacterium incorporating feedback control of nutrient uptake is proposed. An alternative model based on a constant number of transport sites with constant activity has previously been explored (Kubitschek, 1968a,b 1970a, 1971; Kubitschek, Freedman & Silver, 1971). A feedback model is capable of predicting the same growth pattern as the constant number of transport sites model.
Failure impact analysis of key management in AMI using cybernomic situational assessment (CSA)

In earlier work we presented a metric that quantifies system security in terms of the average loss per unit of time incurred by a stakeholder of the system as a result of security threats. The computational infrastructure of this metric involves system stakeholders, security requirements, system components and security threats. To compute this metric, we estimate the stakes that each stakeholder associates with each security requirement, as well as stochastic matrices that represent the probability of a threat to cause a component failure and the probability of a component failure to cause a security requirement violation. We apply this model to estimate the security of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), by leveraging the recently established NISTIR 7628 guidelines for smart grid security and IEC 63351, Part 9 to identify the life cycle for cryptographic key management, resulting in a vector that assigns to each stakeholder an estimate of their average loss in terms of dollars per day of system operation.
Viscous Energy Loss in Aortic Valve Disease Patients

Purpose: Aortic valve disease (AVD) in the form of stenosis, insufficiency, or congenital defect will disrupt normal function beyond the valve itself. This includes an increase in cardiac afterload and a drastic alteration in post-valvular 3D blood flow patterns1, 2. The current AHA/ACC standard-of-care guidelines, however, assess disease severity based on simplified measurements local to the valve, such as: peak velocity, effective orifice area, regurgitation, aortic diameter and transvalvular pressure gradient3. Paradoxically, it is known that similarly classified AVD patients under these guideline metrics can exhibit radically divergent outcomes — implying an incomplete characterization of the disease4. For this reason, functional assessment and risk-stratification may benefit from a robust methodology capable of quantifying the energetic load placed on the left ventricle (LV) due to the presence of AVD. The measurement of viscous energy loss, a parameter which is directly responsible for increased cardiac afterload and is independent of pressure recovery effects, is a promising candidate to quantify LV loading. With this in mind, the 4D flow technique (time-resolved 3D phase-contrast MRI with all principal velocity directions encoded) provides the necessary information to calculate this parameter. Therefore, we present a theoretical basis for the use of 4D flow MRI to characterize in-vivo energy loss and apply the technique in a pilot study of patients with aortic valve stenosis (n = 13) or aortic dilation (n = 17) as compared to normal controls (n = 12).© 2013 ASME
The ecdysone receptor (ScEcR-A) binds DNA puffs at the start of DNA amplification in Sciara coprophila

The steroid hormone ecdysone induces DNA amplification and subsequent DNA puff formation in late fourth larval instar salivary gland polytene chromosomes of the fungus fly, Sciara coprophila. Previous in vitro studies on DNA puff II/9A in Sciara demonstrated that the ecdysone receptor (ScEcR-A) efficiently binds an ecdysone response element adjacent to the origin recognition complex binding site within the II/9A amplification origin, implying a role for ScEcR-A in amplification. Here, we extrapolate the molecular details from locus II/9A to the rest of the genome using immunofluorescence with a ScEcR-A-specific antibody. ScEcR-A binds all DNA puff sites just as amplification begins and persists throughout the processes of amplification, transcription, and puffing. Ecdysone injections into pre-amplification stage larvae prematurely induce both DNA amplification and ScEcR-A binding to DNA puff sites. These data are consistent with a direct role for ScEcR-A in DNA amplification.