cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abdominal Wall Mucormycosis Successfully Treated with Amphotericin and Itraconazole

The routine management of cutaneous mucormycosis consists of combined surgical and medical therapy. We present a case of successful medical therapy with sequential liposomal amphotericin B and itraconazole for a peri-ostomal cutaneous Rhizopus infection in a 59-year-old woman following treatment for pyoderma gangrenosum in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease.
Intrathecal administration of endothelin-1 in the rat: impact on spinal cord blood flow and the blood-spinal cord barrier

The purpose of this study was to examine the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier after intrathecal administration of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the rat spinal cord. A laser Doppler probe was positioned in the exposed subarachnoid space at the T8 vertebral level. In the first experiment, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a marker of barrier integrity, was given intravenously prior to the intrathecal application of ET-1. Blood flow was then recorded for 3 h, after which the anesthetized animals were euthanized. In the second experiment, animals exposed to endothelin were recovered after confirming a 50% reduction in blood flow. HRP was given 10 min prior to euthanasia at 24 h post infusion. The intensity of staining for HRP was quantified by optical density in fixed sections of spinal cord. There was a significant sustained reduction in spinal cord blood flow and significant barrier breakdown to HRP at both 3 and 24 h after administration of the peptide. Based upon these results we conclude that intrathecal infusion of ET-1 reduces spinal cord blood flow and results in prolonged breakdown of the blood-spinal cord barrier.
Estrogen and progesterone receptor mRNA are expressed in distinct pattern in male primate reproductive organs

Purpose The role(s) of estrogens (E) and progesterone (P) in male reproductive physiology remain unclear. Estrogens are used in the treatment of prostatic cancer. Progestins have been used to control excessive sexual behavior in men, and proposed as a male contraceptive. Previous immunohistochemical studies have shown that E receptors (ER) are present in the reproductive tract of male nonhuman primates.
A Higher Level Language Data Acquisition System (II) - The Development System

The nuclear physics group at the University of Illinois has implemented a data acquisition system using modified versions of the Concurrent Pascal and Sequential Pascal languages. An operating system has been written to support the development of data acquisition software. This paper concentrates on providing practical information of the architecture and characteristics of the system, rather than on performance evaluation or system design strategy.
The effect of knee-prosthesis geometry on cruciate ligament mechanics during flexion.

We used buckle transducers in conjunction with a mathematical model to investigate the mechanics of the cruciate ligaments during flexion of knees containing prostheses with differing component geometries. With normal component placement and both cruciate ligaments intact, the full range of flexion is restricted in a knee with the conforming, single radius-of-curvature geometric prosthesis because of large constraint forces in the posterior cruciate ligament. Ligament incompatibility is avoided with multicurvature designs, as represented by the kinematic prosthesis. Low conformity of components allows anterior-posterior displacements to accompany flexion, which provides for a full range of flexion and allows cruciate ligament forces to approach those of a normal knee. Clinical Relevance: This analysis points out that special precautions must be taken to avoid ligament constraint forces (and potential loosening) if an implant with highly conforming components is used when both cruciate ligaments are intact. The information presented here, relating implant geometry to cruciate ligament mechanics, must be considered when choosing an appropriate prosthetic design to ensure ligament compatibility in the presence of one, both, or no cruciate ligaments.
Convergence insufficiency and vision therapy

There is no standard meaning of the term "vision therapy", and for this reason it is often a controversial topic between some members of the ophthalmic and optometric community. Most pediatric ophthalmologists avoid using the term because it is nonspecific. Convergence Insufficiency (CI) is a binocular visual problem that causes problems and symptoms with near fixation. There is consensus among eye care professionals that convergence therapy is effective in treating CI. Convergence therapy is not effective in treating learning disabilities, but can sometimes relieve symptoms that might be a barrier to reading.
Was Latin America too rich to prosper? Structural and political obstacles to export‐led industrial growth

This essay explores the divergence in economic policy and performance between East Asia and Latin America. It offers a typology of explanations from the political economy literature. Evidence is presented for an explanation focused upon the relative size of the income sacrifice entailed in the competitive export of simple manufactures. In the 1960s, Latin American countries would have faced massive, politically unthinkable currency devaluations, had they sought to compete with East Asia. Thus Latin American dependency in the post‐war period has been more complex than often supposed. The essay ends with thoughts on export‐led industrialisation in indebted Latin America.
Towards a better model of the effect of prostrate vegetation cover on wind erosion

Vegetation cover is the key to controlling wind erosion. A brief review of wind erosion/cover models is outlined. Fryrear’s (1985) soil cover (wheat stubble) model was evaluated against field wind tunnel results from far south-west N.S.W. Fryrear’s equation over estimated the soil loss compared to field wind tunnel results.
Women, work and clothing in eighteenth-century Spain

Numerosos son los objetivos que Rebecca Haidt se propone en Women, Work and Clothing in Eighteenth-Century Spain. Como el titulo insinua, el libro explora las estrechas conexiones entre moda, mujer...
Effects of varying creep feeding duration on the proportion of pigs consuming creep feed and neonatal pig performance.

In Exp. 1, 54 sows (PIC Line 1050) and their litters were used to determine the effects of creep feeding duration on the proportion of pigs consuming creep feed and preweaning performance. Two groups of sows were blocked according to parity and date of farrowing and allotted to 3 experimental treatments in a randomized complete block design. Creep feeding was initiated at d 7, 14, and 18 from birth for durations of 13, 6, and 2 d of creep feeding. A creep diet (3,495 kcal of ME/kg, 1.56% standardized ileal digestible Lys) with 1.0% chromium oxide was offered for ad libitum intake until weaning (d 20) in a rotary creep feeder with hopper. Fecal samples from all piglets were taken with sterile swabs on d 14, 18, and 20 for treatment 1, d 18 and 20 for treatment 2, and d 20 for treatment 3. Piglets were categorized as eaters when the fecal sample was colored green at least once on any of the sampling days. In Exp. 1, there were no differences in weaning weights (P > 0.61), total BW gain (P > 0.38), and daily BW gain (P > 0.38) among pigs fed creep for 13, 6, or 2 d. Total creep feed intake of litters fed creep for 13 and 6 d was greater (P 0.69) differences in ADG, ADFI, and G:F of eaters and non-eaters. In conclusion, longer durations of creep feeding increased the proportion of eaters in whole litters, but did not affect preweaning performance. Eaters had greater postweaning feed intake than non-eaters, which resulted in greater initial daily BW gains.
Prevention of 3 "never events" in the operating room: fires, gossypiboma, and wrong-site surgery.

Background: This study sought to identify and provide preventative recommendations for potentially devastating safety violations in the operating room. Methods: A Medline database search from 1950 to current using the terms patient safety and operating room was conducted. All topics identified were reviewed. Three patient safety violations with potential for immediate and devastating outcomes were selected for discussion using evidence-based literature. Results: The search identified 2851 articles, 807 of which were directly related to patient safety in the operating room. Topics addressed by these 807 included infectious complications (26%), fires (11%), communication/teamwork (6%), retained foreign objects (3%), safety checklists (1%), and wrong-site surgery (1%). Fires, gossypiboma, and wrong-site surgery were selected for discussion. Conclusions: Although fire, gossypiboma, and wrong-site surgery should be “never events” in the operating room, they continue to persist as 3 common patient safety violat...
The sex-specific region of sex chromosomes in animals and plants

Our understanding of the evolution of sex chromosomes has increased greatly in recent years due to a number of molecular evolutionary investigations in divergent sex chromosome systems, and these findings are reshaping theories of sex chromosome evolution. In particular, the dynamics of the sex-determining region (SDR) have been demonstrated by recent findings in ancient and incipient sex chromosomes. Radical changes in genomic structure and gene content in the male specific region of the Y chromosome between human and chimpanzee indicated rapid evolution in the past 6 million years, defying the notion that the pace of evolution in the SDR was fast at early stages but slowed down overtime. The chicken Z and the human X chromosomes appeared to have acquired testis-expressed genes and expanded in intergenic regions. Transposable elements greatly contributed to SDR expansion and aided the trafficking of genes in the SDR and its X or Z counterpart through retrotransposition. Dosage compensation is not a destined consequence of sex chromosomes as once thought. Most X-linked microRNA genes escape silencing and are expressed in testis. Collectively, these findings are challenging many of our preconceived ideas of the evolutionary trajectory and fates of sex chromosomes.
Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Experiments with Pathogens of Pandemic Potential, Such as Influenza Virus: a Call for a Science-Based Discussion

The views expressed here are those of the authors only and do not represent those associated with the Cambridge Working Group or the United States Government, as both authors were members of the NSABB until very recently. Both authors are editors for mBio , but the views in this editorial are personal and not necessarily those of the American Society for Microbiology. For a statement from the ASM on this issue, see https://www.asm.org/index.php/publicpolicy-2/statements-testimony/137-policy/documents/statements-and-testimony/93024-durc-7-31-14 . Influenza virus is one of a handful of infectious disease agents that can cause devastating pandemics with high mortality and morbidity in human populations. The human species is vulnerable to zoonotic infection with new influenza viruses, with the last occurring as recently as 2009. Influenza kills thousands of people each year, and the world is continuously confronting new epidemics. Today the complexity and interconnectivity of our society create vulnerabilities, such that pandemics with even low mortality have the potential to cause widespread suffering and economic disruption. Epidemics can have catastrophic effects on the social order and result in the disruption of benefits that we associate with current society, such as law and order and reliable food distribution (for a vivid and dramatic representation of the effect of epidemics on society, readers are invited to see the movie Contagion , where an outbreak with a new fictional virus leads to the breakdown of the social order). Hence, epidemics pose existential threats to civil society even when morbidity and mortality occur in a fraction of those infected. Given the biological characteristics of the influenza virus that ensure the continuous generation of antigenic variability, this virus poses a continuous extant threat, with the likelihood of new pandemics being determined by variables that remain poorly understood. In this environment, the influenza virus research community is humanity’s best defense against influenza …
Photowritten gratings in ion-exchanged glass waveguides

The fabrication of an ion-exchanged waveguide beam deflector containing a photowritten grating is described. The planar waveguide was fabricated by thermal K+ exchange in a borosilicate glass. The grating was written by photobleaching an absorption defect centered at 330 nm, which was created by γ-ray irradiation of the glass. The bleaching was accomplished with the 351-nm line from an argon laser. The device achieved 35% deflection efficiency at 633 nm, which corresponded to a grating with a photoinduced index change of 2.6 × 10−5. This is to our knowledge the first demonstration of an ion-exchanged glass waveguide device containing a permanent photowritten grating.
Inclusive jet production at CDF

We present results on inclusive jet production in proton-antiproton collisions at Os = 1.96 TeV. The measurements are based on 1.0 fb-1 of CDF Run II data and were carried out for jets in five different jet rapidity regions up to |Y| = 2.1. Both the midpoint cone based algorithm and kT algorithm were investigated to reconstruct the jets. The results are compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions.
Kill anything that moves: the real American war in Vietnam

The My Lai massacre has long stood as the most publicized and widely researched atrocity committed by American soldiers during the Vietnam War. The indiscriminate murder of hundreds of innocent My ...
Accuracy of three electronic monitors for metered-dose inhalers

Background Prior studies indicate that some devices used to monitor metered-dose inhaler (MDI) use are not accurate. Objective To assess the accuracy of the Doser CT (NEW-MED Corporation; Waltham, MA), the MDILog (Medtrac Technologies; Lakewood, CO), and the SmartMist (Aradigm Corporation; Hayward, CA) in a bench-top study. Design One, two, and four puffs of fluticasone propionate MDI (Flovent; GlaxoWellcome; Research Triangle Park, NC) were actuated twice daily for 30 days with two units of each device. The date and time of each actuation were recorded in a log and then compared with the output of the device. The percentage of doses recorded accurately was compared by analysis of variance. Measurements and results The SmartMist was 100% accurate, while both the Doser CT and MDILog devices occasionally recorded spurious actuations. The Doser CT also had missed actuations after the counter had prematurely reached zero secondary to the spurious recordings. The accuracy (mean ± SD) was 94.3 ± 2.9% for the Doser CT and 90.1 ± 6.9% for the MDILog (p = 0.21). The dose regimen actuated and duration of use did not significantly affect accuracy. Conclusion All three devices are sufficiently accurate to monitor adherence in most clinical settings.
Tall Fescue Seedling Tolerance to Carfentrazone, Bromoxynil, Quinclorac, and Siduron

Siduron and quinclorac provide limited broadleaf weed control during seeded establishment of tall fescue. Carfentrazone and bromoxynil are contact herbicides that act primarily on broadleaf, dicot species. Research was conducted to evaluate tall fescue tolerance to carfentrazone or bromoxynil when integrated into traditional siduron and quinclorac weed control programs. Quinclorac at 0.84 kg·ha -1 applied at seeding fol- lowed by quinclorac at 0.84 kg·ha -1 35 days after emergence (DAE) and quinclorac at 1.68 kg·ha -1 plus carfentrazone at 0.034 kg·ha -1 applied DAE were the most injurious to tall fescue 42 and 49 DAE. While quinclorac sequential applications reduced turfgrass groundcover 42 DAE, tall fescue recovered by 49 DAE. Injury from all quinclorac treat- ments persisted until 63 DAE. Bromoxynil (0.28 or 0.56 kg·ha -1 ) or carfentrazone (0.017 or 0.034 kg·ha -1 ) caused minimal injury and no decrease in turfgrass groundcover when applied 35 DAE. While siduron applied at seeding followed by (fb) bromoxynil applied 35 DAE (6.7 fb 0.56 kg·ha -1 ) caused minimal tall fescue injury, a decrease in groundcover was observed at 49 DAE. No tall fescue cover reduction was observed for any treatment by 63 DAE. These data indicate that bromoxynil and carfentrazone can be safely used during seeded establishment of tall fescue beginning 35 DAE with no long-term effects on turfgrass stand development. Siduron and quinclorac are used for weed control during seeded establishment of tall fescue. Siduron is applied at planting for preemergence control of warm-season annual
The Cak1p protein kinase is required at G1/S and G2/M in the budding yeast cell cycle.

The CAK1 gene encodes the major CDK-activating kinase (CAK) in budding yeast and is required for activation of Cdc28p for cell cycle progression from G(2) to M phase. Here we describe the isolation of a mutant allele of CAK1 in a synthetic lethal screen with the Sit4 protein phosphatase. Analysis of several different cak1 mutants shows that although the G(2) to M transition appears most sensitive to loss of Cak1p function, Cak1p is also required for activation of Cdc28p for progression from G(1) into S phase. Further characterization of these mutants suggests that, unlike the CAK identified from higher eukaryotes, Cak1p of budding yeast may not play a role in general transcription. Finally, although Cak1 protein levels and in vitro protein kinase activity do not fluctuate during the cell cycle, at least a fraction of Cak1p associates with higher molecular weight proteins, which may be important for its in vivo function.
Inability of serotonin to activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase pathways in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells.

Background Serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) activates the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK)/ Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways, in vascular smooth muscle cells. Parallel MAPK pathways, the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38 pathway, are activated by stimulators of the ERK/MAPK pathway. We hypothesized that 5-HT would activate the JNK and p38 pathways in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
Restructuring of supported PtSn bimetallic catalysts during aqueous phase oxidation of 1,6-hexanediol

Abstract A series of carbon-supported bimetallic PtSn catalysts having various Pt/Sn molar ratios was prepared and tested in the oxidation of 1,6-hexanediol with 1 MPa dioxygen at 343 K in aqueous solvent. The PtSn/C catalysts, which were initially reduced with sodium borohydride, did not produce Pt–Sn alloy particles. Instead, the catalysts were composed of SnO x moieties that were well-dispersed on the surfaces of the carbon support and the Pt nanoparticles. Subsequent treatment in H 2 at 673 K induced Pt–Sn alloy formation. Whereas addition of SnO x to the Pt nanoparticles promoted the initial 1,6-hexanediol oxidation rate by 39%, the formation of Pt–Sn alloy particles decreased the initial rate. Under 1,6-hexanediol oxidation conditions, however, the Pt–Sn alloy phase separated, leading to the recovery of the catalytic activity. No significant change of product distribution was observed on bimetallic PtSn catalysts, regardless of the composition and structure.
Travails in Tax: KPMG and the Tax-Shelter Controversy

This chapter tells two stories: the story of KPMG's emergence as an industry leader in the tax shelter market and the story of Mike Hamersley, a lawyer at the firm, who ultimately exposed its tax shelter activities after he was pressured to participate in an audit he believed to be fraudulent. From the late 1990s into the next decade, KPMG devoted significant resources to developing and mass marketing hundreds of abusive tax shelters. These products were designed to enable their purchasers - typically high wealth individuals and Fortune 500 companies - to avoid paying taxes on the huge financial gains they enjoyed during the stock market boom. Abusive tax shelters deprived the Treasury of tens of billions of dollars in lost tax revenue. KPMG, which made hundreds of millions of dollars from its tax shelter business, was by no means the only large accounting firm involved, but is likely the firm in the most trouble. After its tax shelter activities came to light, the Justice Department launched a criminal investigation, focusing on some thirty current and former partners and employees, many of them lawyers. KPMG's fall from grace offers a cautionary tale about the risks of law practice in large professional organizations in the 21st century. On an institutional level, it illustrates how business rationality can displace professional norms, a process accelerated at the firm by its enormous size, organizational structure, and deeply conformist culture. On an individual level, the KPMG story also provides a lesson in the growth of self-knowledge and personal accountability. Hamersley managed to avoid the processes of group-think and self-rationalization to which his colleagues succumbed, but he did not leave the firm early enough to avoid being put to the choice between engaging in conduct he believed was criminal or becoming a whistleblower and risking his career, reputation, and economic security in the process.
Fuzzy boundaries

The primary purpose of this lecture is to provide the participant with a comprehensive coverage of theoretical foundation of digital fuzzy set theory (DFS) and multivalued logic (MVL), as well as a broad overview of the increasingly important applications of these new areas of mathematics. Due to computational efficiency DFS and MVL could be used extensively, especially in real time implementations. Throughout the paper, many examples are used to illustrate concepts, methods, and genetic applications. The applications, which are multi-disciplinary in nature, include computing with words, automatic control, image processing, database management, pattern recognition and so on.
Ia Gene Expression in Non-Bone Marrow Derived Cells During Graft Vs Host Disease in the Mouse

We have examined the capacity of non-bone marrow-derived (NBMD) cells to express endogenous Ia genes by evaluating E alpha mRNA expression in various tissues derived from long term bone marrow chimeras. These chimeras were produced in the combination BIO.A(4R) into B10.A and allowed to rest for greater than 100 days before use. Since B10.A(4R) is incapable of transcribing the E gene, E mRNA expression would most likely represent Ia expression by the host B10.A NBMD tissues in these long term chimeras. Our results demonstrate that host E alpha mRNA expression was readily detectable in kidney, lung and thymus, but not in the spleen of chimeric animals. During graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) E alpha expression was enhanced up to 4-fold in kidney and was also detectable in heart extracts as well. These experiments demonstrate that resident host cells, most likely NBMD, in a variety of organs are capable of la gene expression. This expression appears to be both constituitive and inducible. Furthermore, different tissues show a marked quantitative difference in the magnitude of NBMD la expression with kidney showing the highest level.
Elephantiasis nostras--a case report.

Elephantiasis nostras, the result of chronic lymphedema, is character ized by marked edema of the affected extremity with a thickened, verru cous, pebbly appearance of the skin. The pathogenesis is thought to be re lated to fibroblast proliferation fol lowing impaired lymphatic drainage, leading to fibrosis and further re striction of lymph drainage with pro gressive edema. A case report of a patient with massive chronic lymphe dema of her feet is presented.
Uterine Fibroleiomyomata with Aortic Lymph Node Metastases

This is a report of extensive metastases of histologically benign uterine leiomyomas to para-aortic lymph nodes in a 32-year-old woman. The pathologic features and clinical characteristics are described, and the previously recorded experience with this rare entity is reviewed.
Rapid and efficient Agrobacterium -mediated transformation of sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) employing standard binary vectors and bar gene as a selectable marker

A rapid and efficient Agrobacterium -mediated transformation system in sorghum has been developed employing standard binary vectors and bar gene as a selectable marker. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important food and biofuel crop worldwide, for which improvements in genetic transformation are needed to study its biology and facilitate agronomic and commercial improvement. Here, we report optimization of regeneration and transformation of public sorghum genotype P898012 using standard binary vectors and bar gene as a selectable marker. The tissue culture regeneration time frame has been reduced to 7–12 weeks with a yield of over 18 plants per callus, and the optimized transformation system employing Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1 and the bar with a MAS promoter achieved an average frequency over 14 %. Of randomly analyzed independent transgenic events, 40–50 % carry single copy of integrated T-DNA. Some independent transgenic events were derived from the same embryogenic callus lines, but a 3:1 Mendelian segregation ratio was found in all transgenic events with single copy as estimated by Southern blots. The system described here should facilitate studies of sorghum biology and agronomic improvement.
Ethics in the Academy: Response to Simon Derpmann, Dominik Düber, Thomas Meyer, and Tim Rojek

My purpose in “Out of Step” was to articulate some core academic virtues—desirable character traits that a professor needs to do his job responsibly and well; and to show how recent changes in the way universities are run tend systematically to erode and compromise those virtues, resulting in what I regretfully described as a steady loss of moral muscle tone. So my criticisms of the use of surrogate measures of academic quality, on which Derpmann, Duber, Meyer, and Rojek focus, were just one thread in a much broader tapestry.
Abstract 3846: Sensitivity of NOTCH1 mutant T-ALL to ABT-263

Effective targeted therapies are lacking for refractory and relapsed T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL). Analysis of a large cell line screen revealed that NOTCH1 mutant T-ALL cells are sensitive to the Bcl-2/xL inhibitor ABT-263. We show that NOTCH1 inhibits the mTOR complex 1, resulting in low MCL-1 levels and sensitization to ABT-263. Further suppression of mTORC1 using small molecule inhibitors in combination with ABT-263 results in very high levels of apoptosis and tumor regressions in vivo. This suggests new therapeutic opportunities for NOTCH1 mutant T-ALL, including in the setting of gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) resistance. Citation Format: Anahita Dastur, Carlotta Costa, Anthony Faber, Cyril Benes. Sensitivity of NOTCH1 mutant T-ALL to ABT-263. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3846.
Complete Genome Sequences of 17 Rapidly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Strains.

ABSTRACT We report the complete genome sequences of 17 rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) strains, including 16 Mycobacterium abscessus complex strains and one M. immunogenum strain. These sequences add value to studies of the genetic diversity of rapidly growing NTM strains recovered from human specimens.
Increasing Student Awareness of Non-Traditional Career Paths in Mechanical Engineering

This paper reports the effect of the curriculum changes in the Mechanical Engineering (ME) department at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSM&T) in two freshman courses. Besides introducing fundamental concepts and principles for mechanical engineering, these courses utilize guest speaker sections to introduce career opportunities, and integrate marketing and corporate policy into engineering design projects.An engineering motivation survey and a career awareness questionnaire were developed and employed to better understand the impact of the new curriculum on students’ attitudes toward and desire to persist in Mechanical Engineering. Freshmen students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and career awareness were assessed in pre- and post-tests at the beginning and the end of a semester.The results obtained showed that the introduction of the non-traditional career paths into the two courses students’ perceptions of the career options that ME graduates can pursue and showcased alternatives that proved to be more attractive to under-represented (female) students. Although the students spent less time in traditional engineering topics, their engineering self-efficacy was not diminished, and in fact, the students’ intrinsic motivation was significantly improved. Additionally, students perceived stronger inclusion in the ME program.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Rings that are FGC relative to filters of ideals

All our rings will be commutative with identity not equal to zero. Also R will always denote a ring. is a filter of ideals of R if is a nonempty set of ideals of R satisfying: I ∈ and J is an ideal of R with I ⊂ J , then J ∈ , and if I , J ∈ then I ∩ J ∈ . A Gabriel topology of R is a filter of ideals of R satisfying: if J ∈ and I is an ideal of R with ( I : x )∈ for all x ∈ J , then I ∈ . See the B. Stenstrom text [6]. We say that a ring R is an FGC ring if every finitely generated R -module is a direct sum of cyclic R -modules. Use mspec R for the set of all maximal ideals of R .
Abstract 4163: Blockade of the interleukin-1 signaling pathway overcomes erlotinib resistance in head and neck cancer cells

The EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib has demonstrated poor clinical response rates for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to date and the majority of respondents acquire resistance to erlotinib relatively quickly. Our previous data has shown that erlotinib activated interleukin-1 (IL-1) expression and signaling in HNSCC cells in vitro. We therefore investigated if upregulation of IL-1 signaling is involved in erlotinib resistance in HNSCC cells. We compared gene expression profiles of erlotinib-resistant (ER) and the parental erlotinib-sensitive (ES) HNSCC cell lines and observed a deregulation of the IL-1 signaling pathway in ER versus ES-HNSCC cells using microarray enrichment analysis. Secretion of IL-1 alpha (IL-1α) and IL-1 beta (IL-1β) were not significantly different in ER-SQ20B and ER-CAL 27 cells compared to their respective ES-cells, however secretion of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) was significantly reduced in ER-cells compared to ES-cells. Blockade of IL-1 signaling using a recombinant IL-1R antagonist (anakinra) was able to significantly suppress the growth of ER-SQ20B but not ES-SQ20B xenografts as a single agent and in combination with erlotinib. ER-SQ20B xenografts treated with anakinra with or without erlotinib were found to be less vascularized (as determined by CD31 staining) than ER-SQ20B xenografts treated with water or erlotinib. Altogether, blockade of the IL-1 pathway using anakinra overcame erlotinib resistance in HNSCC xenografts and may represent a novel strategy to overcome EGFR inhibitor resistance for the treatment of HNSCC patients. Citation Format: Andrean L. Simons, Aditya Stanam, Katherine N. Gibson-Corley. Blockade of the interleukin-1 signaling pathway overcomes erlotinib resistance in head and neck cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4163. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4163
Putting research in place: an innovative approach to providing contextualized evidence synthesis for decision makers.

The Contextualized Health Research Synthesis Program (CHRSP), developed in 2007 by the Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Applied Health Research, produces contextualized knowledge syntheses for health-system decision makers. The program provides timely, relevant, and easy-to-understand scientific evidence; optimizes evidence uptake; and, most importantly, attunes research questions and evidence to the specific context in which knowledge users must apply the findings. As an integrated knowledge translation (KT) method, CHRSP: Although it was developed in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, the CHRSP methodology is adaptable to a variety of settings with distinctive features, such as those in rural, remote, and small-town locations. CHRSP has published 25 syntheses on priority topics chosen by the provincial healthcare system, including: These studies have been used by decision makers to inform local policy and practice decisions. By asking the health system to identify its own priorities and to participate directly in the research process, CHRSP fully integrates KT among researchers and knowledge users in healthcare in Newfoundland and Labrador. This high level of decision-maker buy-in has resulted in a corresponding level of uptake. CHRSP studies have directly informed a number of policy and practice directions, including the design of youth residential treatment centers, a provincial policy on single-use medical devices, and most recently, the opening of the province’s first Acute Care for the Elderly hospital unit.
Structural imaging of nanoscale phonon transport in ferroelectrics excited by metamaterial-enhanced terahertz fields

Nanoscale phonon transport is a key process that governs thermal conduction in a wide range of materials and devices. Creating controlled phonon populations by resonant excitation at terahertz (THz) frequencies can drastically change the characteristics of nanoscale thermal transport and allow a direct real-space characterization of phonon mean-free paths. Using metamaterial-enhanced terahertz excitation, we tailored a phononic excitation by selectively populating low-frequency phonons within a nanoscale volume in a ferroelectric $\mathrm{BaTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin film. Real-space time-resolved x-ray diffraction microscopy following THz excitation reveals ballistic phonon transport over a distance of hundreds of nm, two orders of magnitude longer than the averaged phonon mean-free path in $\mathrm{BaTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. On longer length scales, diffusive phonon transport dominates the recovery of the transient strain response, largely due to heat conduction into the substrate. The measured real-space phonon transport can be directly compared with the phonon mean-free path as predicted by molecular dynamics modeling. This time-resolved real-space visualization of THz-matter interactions opens up opportunities to engineer and image nanoscale transient structural states with new functionalities.
Chapter 1 Ethical Theory and Moral Intuitions in Biomedical Decision-Making

One of the most important problems of contemporary life is how to bring ethics to bear on the development and applications of technology. This problem is nowhere more acute than in the biomedical sphere. The ethical guidance of biomedical research and medical practice depends on adequately clear sound ethical standards, but it also depends on the internalization of these standards in both research and therapeutic practice. This paper focuses on the problem of determining adequate ethical standards and proposes a wide-ranging pluralistic theory for approaching moral questions. It does this in broad outline, but also with an eye to the applicability of ethical standards to concrete biomedical decisions, including clinical decisions and determination of research programs, especially those involving genetic engineering and fetal tissue use.
Finding Metric Structure in Information Theoretic Clustering.

We study the problem of clustering discrete probability distributions with respect to the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. This problem arises naturally in many applications. Our goal is to pick k distributions as “representatives” such that the average or maximum KLdivergence between an input distribution and the closest representative distribution is minimized. Unfortunately, no polynomial-time algorithms with worst-case performance guarantees are known for either of these problems. The analogous problems for l1, l2 and l 2 (i.e., k-center, k-median and k-means) have been extensively studied and efficient algorithms with good approximation guarantees are known. However, these algorithms rely crucially on the (geo-)metric properties of these metrics and do not apply to KL-divergence. In this paper, our contribution is to find a “relaxed” metricstructure for KL-divergence. In doing so, we provide the first polynomial-time algorithm for clustering using KL-divergences with provable guarantees for general inputs.
Managing the Dynamics of Process Improvement: Production, Improvement, and Learning

This paper considers the problem of managing process improvement when resources are constrained. We develop a system dynamics model of process improvement when the same people must do both production and process improvement. The model incorporates learning so that the productivity of doing improvement activities grows as workers accumulate experience. The model enables a rigorous examination into how the feedback structure of process improvement presents challenges to people in a system facing the dual pressure to produce output and to build capability. Simulation analysis highlights the tradeoff between production and improvement and demonstrates a tipping point that demarcates enduring high production levels. Results show that policy orientations that favor learning lead to superior performance.
Calibration of NMR porosity to estimate permeability in carbonate reservoirs

Abstract Understanding the performance of carbon dioxide (CO2) stored in geologic reservoirs requires some knowledge of the subsurface heterogeneity, where the most reliable data is extracted from wellbore measurements. This advantage is especially true for carbonate reservoirs were reactions between supercritical CO2, the reservoir brine, and carbonate minerals create new storage capacity and enhanced permeability. Techniques like NMR well logging hold promise for estimating subsurface permeability, because the total porosity and pore size can be calculated from response of 1H NMR signal. Resulting depth profiles of porosity and permeability from downhole logs are useful input for reservoir simulations and can be used to design injection protocols and estimate storage capacity. We conducted a detailed characterization study to quantify the NMR response to matrix pore space, the connectivity to larger vugs and fractures, and the resulting permeability of core samples from distinct carbonate formations. The cores used in study span 5 orders in permeability, 4 orders in mean T2, and 2%–42% in porosity. The goal of the study was to use independent measures of pore volumes, surface relaxivity, fluid-accessible surface areas, and permeability to develop carbonate permeability models. It was not possible to develop a single model that reproduced permeability for different carbonate formations, because phenomena specific to the reservoirs could not be extracted even with the state-of-the-art characterization techniques used in this study. Estimates of permeability require calibration. Best estimates for a given formation were achieved by using a simple form of the Kozeny equation (Eq. 6):
Walking Machine Studies and Force-Feedback Controls

When one attempts an objective evaluation of the contribution technology has made to improve the effectiveness of the GI in Vietnam, one can only be discouraged. World War II ended slightly more than twenty years ago, and during that period of time we have watched the space scientist start from the rather crude rockets developed by the Germans and accomplish such astonishing feats that our public has become so blase that it must be attracted by color television broadcasts in order to maintain interest.
Neighborhood effect and obesity in adult survivors of pediatric cancer: A report from the St. Jude lifetime cohort study.

Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for obesity, a condition potentially modifiable if dietary intake and physical activity are optimized. These health behaviors are likely influenced by neighborhood of residence, a determinant of access to healthy, affordable food and safe and easy exercise opportunities. We examined associations between neighborhood level factors and obesity among survivors in the St. Jude Lifetime cohort and community comparison group members. Persons with residential addresses available for geocoding were eligible for analysis (n = 2,265, mean age 32.5 [SD 9.1] years, 46% female, 85% white). Survivors completed questionnaires regarding individual behaviors; percent body fat was assessed via dual X-ray absorptiometry (obesity: ≥25% males; ≥35% females); neighborhood effect was characterized using census tract of residence (e.g., neighborhood socioeconomic status [SES], rurality). Structural equation modeling was used to determine associations between neighborhood effect, physical activity, diet, smoking, treatment exposures and obesity. Obese survivors (n = 1,420, 62.7%) were more likely to live in neighborhoods with lower SES (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10-1.38) and rural areas (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.39) compared to survivors with normal percent body fat. Resource-poor neighborhoods (standardized effect: 0.06, p < 0.001) and cranial radiation (0.16, p < 0.001) had direct effects on percent body fat. Associations between neighborhood of residence and percent body fat were increased (0.01, p = 0.04) among individuals with a poor diet. Neighborhoods where survivors reside as an adult is associated with obesity. Interventions targeting survivors should incorporate strategies that address environmental influences on obesity.
Call center performance to drive patient access.

135Background: Access to oncology care through a specialty call center within a large academic institution was analyzed to determine service levels necessary to schedule patient consults within 7 d...
THE DIMENSIONS OF ONLINE SOCIAL SUPPORT ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND THEIR EFFECTS

Social networking sites (SNSs) allow users to connect with each other by overcoming geographical and temporal boundaries and thus empower people to search for social support from online. Social support has been considered a key social value that online users can obtain from social networking sites. Research has shown that social support may reduce stress and promote well-being among diverse populations. Despite its significance to society, the online social support function of SNSs has been surprisingly under-investigated. Some fundamental questions—such as (1) What are the dimensions of online social support on SNSs? and (2) How does online social support influence other factors on SNSs?—have not been answered. This study is one of the first to attempt to answer those questions. Specifically, this study aims to first identify the definitional dimensions of online social support on SNSs through an extensive review of the literature. Second, this study uses these dimensions to model online social support and test its effects on other SNS factors: commitment and continuance intention. Eventually, the results support all proposed hypotheses. The theoretical contributions and managerial implications of this study are discussed at the end.
Biocrusts are associated with increased plant biomass and nutrition at seedling stage independently of root-associated fungal colonization

Plant-soil interactions are important drivers of plant productivity and community structure. Biocrusts – soil surface-dwelling biotic communities comprised of cyanobacteria, fungi, bryophytes, and/or lichens - are widespread in drylands globally. Biocrusts are described as “mantles of fertility” and have been shown to have facilitative, but species-specific effects on plant productivity. Yet, patterns and mechanisms underlying biocrust facilitation of plant productivity remain unclear. Using mesocosms with bare soil versus biocrust cover we investigated the effects of biocrusts on plant biomass allocation, leaf chemistry and colonization by root-associated fungi. Plant responses to biocrust presence were species-specific. Overall, biocrusts were associated with increased plant biomass and/or leaf N concentrations in Elymus elymoides, Bouteloua gracilis and Zea mays. However, plants grown in biocrusts had lower root-associated fungal colonization compared to bare soils. Biocrusts were associated with increased plant biomass and leaf N. Yet, plant growth responses to biocrusts were not correlated with differences in root-associated fungal colonization between soil mesocosm types. Understanding species-specificity in biocrust facilitation of plant growth may have important implications for understanding plant community structure in dryland ecosystems.
Injury Impoverished: Workplace Accidents, Capitalism, and Law in the Progressive Era

The late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century US economy maimed and killed employees at an astronomically high rate, while the legal system left the injured and their loved ones with little recourse. In the 1910s, US states enacted workers' compensation laws, which required employers to pay a portion of the financial costs of workplace injuries. Nate Holdren uses a range of archival materials, interdisciplinary theoretical perspectives, and compelling narration to criticize the shortcomings of these laws. While compensation laws were a limited improvement for employees in economic terms, Holdren argues that these laws created new forms of inequality, causing people with disabilities to lose their jobs, while also resulting in new forms of inhumanity. Ultimately, this study raises questions about law and class and about when and whether our economy and our legal system produce justice or injustice.
Chapter 3 – Molecular and supramolecular nanomachines

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews molecular and supramolecular nanomachines. A molecule or a supermolecule with the capacity to store information might be expected to behave like a molecular/supramolecular switch. Such a switch can be envisaged as a molecule/supermolecule that can exist in two different states that can be interconverted reversibly by some external stimuli. It has been demonstrated that the synthetic chemist possesses in his/her toolbox numerous simple building blocks that exhibit bistability and thus have molecular switching properties when brought under the influence of an external source. These molecular switches are becoming an attractive alternative for the fabrication of devices capable of writing, reading, and storing information at the nanoscale levelwthe so-called bottom-up approach. In addition, with the development of supramolecular science and self-assembling synthetic methodologies, relatively large, well-defined, and highly ordered superstructures can be constructed. The order of these superstructures is controlled by weak and reversible noncovalent bonding interactions with small changes in the environment or in the stereoelectronic complementarity of the building blocks, producing dramatic changes in the shapes of the superstructures, sometimes destroying them. The versatility of the approach is appreciated when it is realized that the molecular motions present in the supramolecules and molecules can be addressed by photochemical, electrochemical, and/or chemical means.
Food expenditures and consumption by food bank clients in Silicon Valley

Food insecurity is a pervasive problem in the United States and it is particularly acute in high cost areas. This study focuses on the diets and food expenditures of food bank clients in two Northe...