cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recurrent versus isolated pre-eclampsia and risk of feto-infant morbidity outcomes: racial/ethnic disparity

Abstract Objective We examined the association between recurrent versus isolated pre-eclampsia and feto-infant morbidity outcomes. Study design This is a population-based retrospective study on Florida hospital discharge data linked to the birth cohort files from 1998 through 2007. The study population comprised women with singleton first and second births who experienced pre-eclampsia in both pregnancies, and a comparison group consisting of women who were normotensive during their first pregnancy but developed pre-eclampsia in their second pregnancy. Feto-infant morbidities (low birth weight, very low birth weight, preterm, very preterm and small for gestational age) were the outcome of interest. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between recurrent pre-eclampsia and feto-infant morbidity outcomes were obtained from logistic regression models. Result Women who experienced recurrent pre-eclampsia were at elevated risk for low birth weight, very low birth weight, preterm and very preterm. The risk was most pronounced for preterm infants (OR = 1.58 CL = 1.42–1.76). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that infants born to black mothers with recurrent pre-eclampsia experienced the most elevated risk across all the racial/ethnic subgroups and this was most pronounced for very low birth weight and very preterm with a more than three-fold increase in risk (OR = 3.77, 95% CI = 2.77–5.13 and OR = 3.66, 95% CI = 2.66–5.03, respectively) as compared to the referent category (white mothers who were normotensive in first pregnancy but developed pre-eclampsia in their second pregnancy). Conclusion Pre-eclampsia is very severe when it recurs and black women are affected more than white or Hispanic women.
Cytogenetics of lymphomas: A brief review of its theoretical and practical significance

Abstract The following specific or characteristic chromosomal abnormalities are known: t(11;18)(q21;q21) in a subset of marginal zone lymphoma, t(14;18)(q32.3;q21.3) in centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma, t(11;14)(q13;q32) in mantle cell lymphoma, rearrangement 3q27 in centroblastic lymphoma, t(8;14)(q24;q32) in Burkitt's lymphoma, t(2;5)(p23;q35) in large cell anaplastic lymphoma of T-type and O-type, i(7)(q10) in hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma, and t(8;13)(p11;q11–12) in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma with eosinophilia and myeloid malignancy.
Raptor and Corvid Response to Power Distribution Line Perch Deterrents in Utah

Abstract Increased raptor and corvid abundance has been documented in landscapes fragmented by man-made structures, such as fence posts and power lines. These vertical structures may enhance raptor and corvid foraging and predation efficiency because of increased availability of perch, nesting, and roosting sites. Concomitantly, vertical structures, in particular power distribution lines, have been identified as a threat to sage-grouse (Centrocercus spp.) conservation. To mitigate potential impacts of power distribution lines on sage-grouse and other avian species, the electrical power industry has retrofitted support poles with perch deterrents to discourage raptor and corvid use. No published information is available regarding efficacy of contemporary perch deterrents on avian predator use of lower-voltage power distribution lines. We evaluated efficacy of 5 perch deterrents mounted on support poles of an 11-km section of a 12.5-kV distribution line that bisected occupied Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocer...
Morphometric Demonstration of Atrophic Changes in the Cerebral Cortex, White Matter, and Neostriatum in Huntington's Disease

We performed morphometric analysis of five standardized coronal brain slices at anterior frontal (AF), caudate-putamen-accumbens (CAP), globus pallidus (GP), lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and parieto-occipital fissure (OCP) levels in 30 patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and 13 controls. Associated with the 30% mean reduction in brain weight in HD patients (p less than 0.001) were significantly smaller overall cross-sectional areas of brain at all five levels studied, with striking losses in cerebral cortex (21-29%), white matter (29-34%), caudate (57%), putamen (64%), and thalamus (28%) (all p less than 0.005). In addition, the ventricular system was dilated up to 2.5 times normal at CAP, GP, and LGN levels, 9.5 times normal at the OCP level, and 13 times normal at the AF level. Higher grades of severity of HD had greater reductions in the cross-sectional area of the caudate, putamen, thalamus, and cerebral cortex (p less than 0.005-0.001), and larger ventricles (p = 0.08) compared to lower (less severe) grades of HD. The findings confirm and quantitate the severe atrophy of the neostriatum, in addition to demonstrating a severe loss of cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter in HD. The global atrophy of cerebral cortex and white matter observed in all degrees of HD may account for the cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairments which often precede the onset of chorea.
Spatial mapping of drug delivery to brain tissue using hyperspectral spatial frequency-domain imaging

We present an application of spatial frequency-domain imaging (SFDI) to the wide-field imaging of drug delivery to brain tissue. Measurements were compared with values obtained by a previously validated variation of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the method of optical pharmacokinetics (OP). We demonstrate a cross-correlation between the two methods for absorption extraction and drug concentration determination in both experimental tissue phantoms and freshly extracted rodent brain tissue. These methods were first used to assess intra-arterial (IA) delivery of cationic liposomes to brain tissue in Sprague Dawley rats under transient cerebral hypoperfusion. Results were found to be in agreement with previously published experimental data and pharmacokinetic models of IA drug delivery. We then applied the same scheme to evaluate IA mitoxantrone delivery to glioma-bearing rats. Good correlation was seen between OP and SFDI determined concentrations taken from normal and tumor averaged sites. This study shows the feasibility of mapping drug/tracer distributions and encourages the use of SFDI for spatial imaging of tissues for drug/tracer-tagged carrier deposition and pharmacokinetic studies.
Computing depth maps from descent images

In the exploration of the planets of our solar system, images taken during a lander's descent to the surface of a planet provide a critical link between orbital images and surface images. The descent images not only allow us to locate the landing site in a global coordinate frame, but they also provide progressively higher-resolution maps for mission planning. This paper addresses the generation of depth maps from the descent images. Our approach has two steps, motion refinement and depth recovery. During motion refinement, we use an initial motion estimate in order to avoid the intrinsic motion ambiguity. The objective of the motion-refinement step is to adjust the motion parameters such that the reprojection error is minimized. The depth-recovery step correlates adjacent frames to match pixels for triangulation. Due to the descending motion, the conventional rectification process is replaced by a set of anti-aliasing image warpings corresponding to a set of virtual parallel planes. We demonstrate experimental results on synthetic and real descent images.
Transitivity and Emergent Sequence Performances in Young Children.

Children taught to sequence pairs of visual stimuli also performed additional sequences without direct training. In Experiment 1, the children were trained to produce a six-stimulus sequence (A > B > C > D > E > F) with one set of forms, and five overlapping two-stimulus sequences (A > B, B > C, C > D, D > E, and E > F) with another set of forms. Few of the children succeeded on tests for the untrained two- (e.g., B > D and B > E) and six-stimulus sequences derivable from the two-stimulus training. The children in Experiments 2 and 3 received only the overlapping sequence training before testing with refined protocols: Nearly all succeeded on tests of emergent sequences involving two, three, four, five, and six stimuli. The results suggest methods for examining transitive relations between pairs of the stimuli used in training and the development of a relation of order among all six of the stimuli involved.
The utility of PET/CT in the management of patients with colorectal liver metastases undergoing laparascopic radiofrequency thermal ablation.

There are scant data in the literature about the use of PET in the management of patients undergoing RFA of colorectal liver metastases (CLM). The aim of this study is to look at the use of PET versus contrast-enhanced CT (ce CT) scans on the initial assessment and follow-up of patients with CLM undergoing laparoscopic RFA. The patients who had PET scans pre-RFA and post-RFA were identified from a prospective IRB-approved database within a 14-year period. The findings of PET scans were compared to those of ce CT. Kaplan–Meier survival, Cox proportional hazards, t test, and chi square analyses were performed. A total of 134 patients had PET scans prior to laparoscopic RFA and 104 (28%) had PET/CT scans in follow-up, with comparison ce CT done within a month in 82 patients. In follow-up, PET/CT findings were equivalent to ce CT in 55 patients (67%), superior in 22 (27%), and inferior in 5 (6%). Pre-RFA or post-RFA PET imaging did not affect overall survival. The patients in whom the benefit of PET/CT was most were those with multiple bilobar tumors. Although, there was no survival benefit, PET/CT was superior to ce CT in demonstrating recurrence after RFA in about a quarter of the patients with CLM. The patients who would benefit most from a PET/CT seem to be those with multiple and bilobar tumors, who develop liver recurrence in follow-up after RFA.
Consequences of majorana and dirac mass mixing for neutrino oscillations

This Letter considers a second class of neutrino oscillations which can arise when both Majorana and dirac neutrino mass terms exist. These oscillations mix neutrino members of weak current doublets with singlets of the same chirality. A depletion of a neutrino beam results, with apparent nonconservation of probability. Possible relevance to current oscillation experiments is discussed.
The black market exchange rate vs. the official rate in testing PPP: Which rate fosters the adjustment process?

Abstract In testing the purchasing power parity theory (PPP) researchers hardly pay attention to the speed with which the exchange rate adjusts to a change in relative prices. In this paper we show that the speed of adjustment is faster when the black market exchange rate is used in testing the PPP as compared to the official exchange rate. This could be another reason as to why central banks should unify the two rates.
Direct adenovirus-mediated IGF-I gene transduction of synovium induces persisting synovial fluid IGF-I ligand elevations

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is one of the most influential growth factors in cartilage repair. Maintenance of adequate IGF-I levels after articular repair procedures is complicated by the short biological half-life of IGF-I in vivo. This study investigated the potential for more prolonged IGF-I delivery through direct adenoviral mediated transduction of synovial tissues in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of horses. The use of a large animal model provided a structurally similar and metabolically relevant corollary to the human knee. The complete IGF-I coding sequence was packaged into an E1-E3 deleted adenovirus-5 vector under cytomegalovirus promoter control (AdIGF-I), and injected at varying total joint doses to the MCP joints of 14 horses. Direct injection of 20 and 50 x 10(10) AdIGF-I resulted in significant elevations of IGF-I in synovial fluid for approximately 21 days. Synovial tissue taken from injected joints at day 35 following injection and compared to tissue taken preinjection from the same joints revealed elevated synoviocyte IGF-I mRNA levels for the highest viral dose by in situ hybridization and real-time PCR techniques. AdIGF-I injections did not result in significant lameness, joint effusion or elevated total protein concentrations in the synovial fluid. Mild mononuclear infiltration of white blood cells was evident in histologic sections of the synovium in the second highest adenoviral IGF-I dose of 20 x 10(10) particles. Cartilage biopsies taken from all injected joints did not reveal any significant changes in proteoglycan levels nor in histological morphology, which included chondrocyte cloning, architecture, cell type or toluidine blue staining, when compared to control joints. Based on these findings, gene transfer of IGF-I to the synovium of joints can result in significant and persistent elevations of IGF-I ligand in synovial fluid with minimal detrimental effects. Direct IGF-I gene therapy may offer a simple approach in treating patients with acute cartilage injury.
CHROMOPLASTS OF TOMATO FRUITS. I. ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LOW‐PIGMENT AND HIGH‐BETA MUTANTS. CAROTENE ANALYSES

A B S T R A C T Three pigment lines of the tomato cultivar 'Pearson' with isogenic backgrounds were studied to determine the relationship between certain carotenoids and the development of chromoplasts during fruit ripening. The lines were normal red (r+/r+), in which about 90% of the carotenoids in the ripe fruit is lycopene; high-beta (B/B) mutant, in which beta-carotene is the major pigment and the mature fruit color is deep orange; and low-pigment (r/r) mutant, in which carotenoids are drastically reduced and the mature fruit is pale yellow-orange. This paper reports pigment analyses for the three lines and the ultrastructural changes in plastids of the two mutant lines. Very young, pale green fruits contain proplastids with limited lamellar structure. As the fruits reach the mature green stage, the plastids in all three lines develop into typical chloroplasts. Differences in pigment content and in ultrastructure among the lines are not apparent until ripening commences. In the low-pigment mutant carotenoids are reduced as ripening progresses and no carotenoid crystalloids are formed. As chlorophyll decreases the fruits become pale yellow. The grana become disorganized and the thylakoids appear to separate at the partitions and tend to be arrayed in lines, some still with their ends overlapping. Globules increase slightly in number. In the high-beta mutant the grana break down during ripening and globules increase greatly in size and number. Beta-carotene, presumed to be largely in the globules, crystallizes into elongated or druse type forms which may distort the globules. The crystals may affect the shape of the chromoplasts; long crystals may extend the length of the plastid to over 15 Y. Thylakoid plexes with a regular lattice structure sometimes occur in the chromoplasts of the high-beta mutant. Granules resembling aggregations of phytoferritin particles occur in the chromoplasts of both of these mutants.
A configurable assessment information system

There has been a shift in accreditation away from an input-based approach to an outcome-based approach. In order to be accredited, programs and/or institutions no longer have to meet a long checklist of requirements concerning faculty, curriculum, facilities and so on. Instead, programs or institutions must demonstrate that they have formulated a set of attributes that they want graduates to possess at the time of graduation, and that they have a process in place to assess the extent to which they are successful in enabling graduates to achieve these attributes and to use the results of this assessment for program improvement.Many programs and institutions experienced difficulties in setting up an adequate assessment and continuous improvement process. This paper describes a configurable assessment information system that helps institutions and programs set up an assessment process and record the results of this process.
Molecular structure of short-chain (SC) cartilage collagen by electron microscopy.

We have recently observed that aged and/or hypertrophying chondrocytes in culture synthesize a small collagen molecule termed short-chain (SC) collagen. Our previous biochemical studies have suggested that this molecule is slightly less than half the length of “typical” interstitial collagens and should have both a helical, collagenous domain and a nonhelical, globular one. In the present study we have examined the structure of this molecule by electron microscopy of rotary-shadowed preparations and segment-long-spacing crystallites. Rotary-shadowed SC collagen molecules appear as rods with a length of 132 nm and a knob at one end. Preparations of native molecules that have been treated by limited pepsin digestion show only the rod-like domain. These results are consistent with the rod-like domain having the molecular structure of a collagen helix, which is refractory to pepsin digestion, and the knob representing a globular, nonhelical domain. Segment-long-spacing crystallites of pepsin-digested molecules confirm the length of the helical domain to be 132 nm. Positively stained crystallites show a banding pattern different from other collagens.
Performance of two forms of a computer psychiatric screening interview: version I of the DISSI.

This study reports on the performance of two forms of version I of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) computer screening interview, using the traditional interviewer-administered DIS (T-DIS) as the standard. The screening interview was either self-administered (called the S-DISSI) with the subject keying in responses, or interviewer-administered (I-DISSI), with the interviewer keying in the subject's responses. Sensitivity and specificity for both forms were ample (excluding antisocial personality), ranging from 60% to 100% for sensitivity and 54% to 95% for specificity. Concordances with the T-DIS were similar for both forms of the screening interview, ranging from .10 to .87 and compared favorably to those reported by other investigators. The I-DISSI took on average 30 min less than either the T-DIS and S-DISSI. Since the performances of both versions were equivalent, the decision to use either may be based on available resources and characteristics of the study population.
The future of remote information processing systems

Remote information processing is the computer community's wave of the future. For both computer users and for computer vendors it represents an enormous opportunity. To the user, it is a powerful tool with great potential to increase his business efficiency and profit. To the vendor, it opens a broad new market. Properly used, it can benefit both.
Effects of a Response-Based, Tiered Framework for Intervening With Struggling Readers in Middle School

This study addressed the effects of multiyear, response-based, tiered intervention for struggling readers in grades 6-8. A sample of 768 sixth-grade students with reading difficulties was randomized to a response-based, tiered-intervention condition or "business as usual," and initial treatment status was maintained over the three-year study. To estimate the effect of treatment and to address questions about the acceleration of learning, a multiple-indicator, multilevel growth model was fit, representing the likely trajectories of the group of students originally randomized (in the fall of sixth grade) to treatment. Three-year trajectories were fit, with the results representing likely multiyear trends for the three groups. Treatment students, on average, outperformed business-as-usual students. The effect size based on the multiple-indicator, multilevel model was .26. Treated students also outperformed the group of typical readers when achievement was characterized in terms of slope over time. However, a sizable gap remained between treated and typical students in the spring of eighth grade.
The gap of the graph of a matrix

Abstract Assume that A is a liner transformation from C n into C n . The gap of A is defined as the gap between two subspaces G A and G 0 , the graph of A and the graph of zero. We prove that the gap of A is θ ( A ) = ‖ A ‖/√1 + ‖ A ‖ 2 . Here ‖ A ‖ is the uniform norm of A .
Resources and Capabilities for Sustainable Competitive Advantage: Cross‐Functional Perspective

This paper examines the sources of competitive advantage from a cross‐functional perspective and presents a dynamic, general model of the tangible and intangible factors that lead to superior firm performance.We argue that superior performance results from the development of a complex, interrelated stock of organizational capabilities. We define capabilities as the result of managerial skill applied strategically to a firms’ resources and processes in a manner that integrates and leverages these resources across functional areas. Furthermore,capabilities are not bought and sold, but built by skilled managers, who foster their growth by developing interconnected resource stocks. A process model is presented and implications for both managers and researchers are discussed.
On assessment of utility and worth of multi-attributed consequences in large-scale systems

This paper treats the problem of assessing utilities and worths over multi-attributed alternatives. Worth assessment is a systematic approach for evaluating complex alternatives under certainty. By incorporating an element of risk into the problem, worths may be transformed into utilities which are suitable for use in decision making. The role of hierarchies in worth assessment is emphasized. Several independence assumptions are discussed with restrict the multi-attributed utility functions to relatively simple forms, specifically the additive and quasi-additive or multiplicative form. Various techniques for evaluating milti-attributed utilities subject to such restrictions are surveyed. Again the role of hierarchies is emphasized. By keeping the various attributes in their proper structural relationship, the assessment of multi-attributed utilities can often be facilitated.
Investigation of the possible incorporation of protons into oxide cathodes during chemical delithiation

Abstract Chemical delithiation of layered LiCoO2, LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2, and Li2MnO3 and spinel LiMn2O4 cathodes have been investigated with both an acetonitrile (non-aqueous) solution of the oxidizer NO2BF4 and an aqueous acid. The products have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, wet chemical analyses for lithium and oxygen contents, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to determine whether or not protons are incorporated into the lattice during the delithiation process. While the delithiation in aqueous acid medium leads to an incorporation of protons into the layered oxide lattice, the non-aqueous delithiation with NO2BF4 does not involve any proton insertion into the lattice. In contrast to the layered oxides, the chemical delithiation of spinel LiMn2O4 even in the aqueous acid medium does not involve any proton insertion into the lattice.
Kinetics of selenomethionine disappearance from reclaimed coal mine soils of Wyoming, U.S.A.

Selenomethionine (SeM) is an organic toxicant that is present in seleniferous environments. No kinetic data is yet available regarding SeM reactions in coal mine environments, where selenium (Se) toxicity is a potential concern. A kinetic study was conducted on two reclaimed coal mine soils (Typic Torriorthents) from Wyoming having sandy and clayey textures. Four levels of SeM treatments (0, 50, 100 μM, and plant amendment from the mine vegetation) were reacted with the soils for 4, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 84 days to characterize the kinetic behavior of overall SeM disappearance from soil solutions. Detection of SeM in soil solutions at the control level (0 μM SeM) indicated occurrence of indigenous SeM in the soils. In the plant-amended soil solutions, much greater concentrations of SeM were observed as compared with the soil-only systems. This indicated the plant material was a more potential source of SeM than the mine soils. A time-dependent loss in solution SeM concentrations was observed for both soils under 0, 50, 100 μM SeM treatments. For the soil-plant mixtures, the solution SeM concentration increased initially, reached a maximum after 14 days, and then decreased thereafter. In the plant-amended soil solutions, SeM concentrations at all time intervals were higher for the sandy as compared to the clayey soil. At 50 and 100 μM SeM treatments, the solution pH was linearly related to the percentages of SeM disappeared from the solutions; greater percentage of SeM was removed from solutions at comparatively lower pH levels, which was ≥90% at pH 7.7 for both soils. Solution SeM concentrations decreased exponentially with time following first-order kinetic reactions. Under all applications (except for the control), C0 (SeM concentration at t=0) values for the sandy soil were greater than those determined for the clayey soil, indicating higher solution SeM availability for the former and more SeM retention by the latter at t=0. Comparison of C0 in controls (0 μM SeM addition) suggested greater indigenous SeM in the clayey soil. For both soils, C0 values under different treatments followed the order, (soil+100 μM)>(soil+50 μM)>(soil+0 μM). The specific reaction rate constants (Kr) of SeM for both soils were similar (0.031 and 0.029 day–1 for sandy and clayey soils, respectively); low Kr values indicated that SeM loss from our reclaimed coal mine soil solutions would follow rather slow kinetics. The half-life (t0.5) of SeM varied from 15 to 55 days depending on treatment level. The knowledge obtained from this study should contribute in developing time-based Se reclamation strategies in coal mine environments.
A Renal Transplant Patient with Psoas Fluid Collection

0196-4399/00 (see frontmatter) © 2009 Elsevier Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 31:23,2009 Case Report A60-year-old female patient who had undergone a live-donor-related, rightrenal transplant 4 months previously was hospitalized with severe right-flank and leg pain of 3 months duration, accompanied by fever. Her immunosuppressive regimen included mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and prednisone. Computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrated expansion of the right psoas muscle with central low attenuation (Fig. 1). Aspiration of the psoas abscess was performed for aerobic and anaerobic cultures and a Gram-stained smear (Fig. 2). The Gram-stained smear demonstrated numerous “ghost cells” and grampositive cells with a beaded appearance, suspicious for mycobacteria. On the basis of these findings, additional studies of the aspirate were ordered. An auramine-rhodamine stain verified the presence of many acid-fast bacilli. The Gen-Probe AmplifiedMycobacterium tuberculosis direct assay (Gen-Probe, San Diego, CA) of the specimen was positive, andM. tuberculosis was isolated subsequently from mycobacterial cultures after 3 days of incubation. On follow-up, the patient disclosed that for 3 months she had been experiencing night sweats so severe that she would awaken at night, shower, and change her clothing and bedding. Further workup demonstrated diffuse, bilateral, military, pulmonary nodules on CT imaging. Although mycobacterial cultures and smears of induced sputum specimens were negative, M. tuberculosis complex was detected by the Gen-Probe Amplified direct assay. Para-aortic, paracaval, and right inguinal lymphadenopathy with central low attenuation was also present on imaging. Additionally, 20 years previously, the patient had a positive tuberculin skin test for which she received treatment with a single drug. At that time, the patient’s 1-year-old son was diagnosed with active tuberculosis, for which he underMailing address: Robin Patel, M.D., Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905. Tel.: 507-538-0579. Fax: 507-2844272. E-mail: patel.robin@mayo.edu Case Report
The Interface Ring Dislocation in Fiber-Matrix Composites: Approximate Analytical Solution

An analytical solution for the extended stress field of the fundamental problem of interfacial Somigliana ring dislocation in fiber-matrix composites is obtained. The result of this work provides a powerful tool which can be used to address a class of three-dimensional defect problems encountered in heterogeneous materials, such as fiber-matrix debonding, fiber pull-out, broken fibers and others, as well as interaction among defects.
Changes with age in the unsaturated fatty acids content of subcellular particles of rat livers.

Abstract 1. 1. The polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration of three cytoplasmic particulate fractions of rat liver have been investigated in rats of different ages. Two groups of rats, reared on diets of different unsaturated fatty acid content, were used. 2. 2. No changes with age, or differences between the two groups were observed until 11 mouths of age. Thereafter, the group receiving the diet containing the lower fatty acid content showed increased concentrations of trienoic acid in the cytoplasmic particles, which reached levels exceeding those of either the di- or tetraenoic acids in the same particulate fractions. Concurrently there was a decline in the pentaenoic acid concentrations. No such changes occurred in the animals receiving the diet which contained the higher levels of the unsaturated fatty acids. 3. 3. The results indicate that there is no appreciable change during growth, maturation, or senescence in the levels of di-, tri-, tetra-, or pentaenoic acids in liver cytoplasmic particles studied, in rats fed adequate levels of these acids. 4. 4. The results suggest that a diet which can support good growth and reproduction in rats may not be adequate to meet the nutritive requirements of older animals, permitting some of the symptoms of a fatty acid deficiency to appear.
Validity of plain films in intussusception

The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the specificity of plain film findings in intussusception. The plain film findings in 80 cases of proven intussusception were reviewed. Findings documented were: (1) presence or absence of small bowel obstruction, (2) paucity of right lower quadrant gas, (3) presence of an intracolonic mass, (4) presence of a rim or target sign, and (5) presence of the classic triad of intestinal obstruction, intracolonic mass, and paucity of right lower quadrant gas. Intestinal obstruction was present in 54% of patients. In 19 patients (24%) the abdominal films were completely normal. Paucity of right lower quadrant gas was seen in 10% of patients, while specific findings of a mass or a target (rim) sign were seen in 29% of patients. The classic triad of an intracolonic mass, obstruction, and paucity of gas in the right lower quadrant occurred in only 1 patient (1%). Plain films of the abdomen were diagnostic of intussusception in only 29% of cases. A completely normal gas pattern was seen in one-quarter of our patients. This being the case, most patients with suspected intussusception will require further imaging, either by ultrasound or contrast enema. In our institution we favor the ultrasound study.
Influence of a solar active region on the interplanetary magnetic field

Interplanetary magnetic field sectors evolution /1964-1965/, discussing solar active region development leading to magnetic loops in interplanetary medium
High fat/sucrose feeding attenuates the hypertension of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract To assess the caloric and cardiovascular effects of dietary obesity on an important animal model of hypertension research, 60-day-old male spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were fed either Agway pelleted chow (Pellet), a diet enriched in fat and sucrose (HF/M), or alternated (Cycled) between 2-week periods of HF/M diet and Agway pelleted chow. After 14 weeks, HF/M feeding elevated the body weight of SHR rats by 15% over the body weight of pellet-fed control rats. This relative obesity was accompanied by heavier white (retroperitoneal) and brown (interscapular) fat pads, heavier heart weights, and tachycardia. Paradoxically, the systolic bood pressure levels of SHR rats fed the HF/M diet were reduced. Ruled out as an explanation for the blood pressure reduction was the relative polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P/S) rati of the diet. The hypertension of SHR rats may be due in part to the effects of an underlying metabolic problem that is counteracted by the effects of HF/M feeding; HF/M feeding not only elevated body weight but also reversed the hypoinsulinemia found in pellet-fed SHR rats. The Cycled group evidenced large up-and-down swings in caloric intake that coincided with HF/M and Pellet feeding; this produced modest staircase-like changes in body weight gain. Similar to the HF/M group, the systolic blood pressure level of the Cycled group was also reduced in comparison to the blood pressure level of the Pellet group. However, the Cycled group was found to be more responsive to the pressor effects of intravenous phenylephrine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist. This suggests that weight cycling superimposed on dietary obesity increased the sympathetic responsiveness of SHR rats perhaps making them more vulnerable to conditions that influence blood pressure level.
Superconducting superoxygenated La2−xSrxCuO4+δ : Search for phase separation

Abstract High pressure (2.3 kbar) high temperature (575°C) oxygen annealed ceramic La 2−x Sr x CuO 4+δ , with x=0.1 and 0.16, have been studied by high-resolution neutron powder diffraction to determine their low temperature structural properties in comparison to similarly oxygenated La 2 CuO 4+δ . Unlike La 2 CuO 4+δ , these Sr-containing superconductors show no low temperature phase separation. Further, for x= 0.16, the interstitial oxygen appears to be located at ( 1 4 , 1 4 , z ) with z = 0.163(5) and to have a value of δ consistent with La 1.84 Sr 0.16 CuO 4.019 . Such a site is significantly displaced away from the interstitial location, ( 1 4 , 1 4 , z ) with z ≅ 0.25 observed in La 2 CuO 4+δ . For x= 0.1, no interstitial oxygen is found and δ = 0.0.
Preparation and characterization of catalytic lanthanum oxide

Surface parameters and thermal dehydration/rehydration behavior of the La(OH)3/La2O3 system have been examined with a view toward establishing suitable methods for preparing and characterizing catalytic forms of the rare earth oxides. Relatively nonporous La(OH)3, prepared by hydrolysis of the pure oxide, undergoes thermal dehydration in two distinct stages. A well-defined oxyhydroxide (LaOOH) intermediate, formed by dehydration of the hydroxide at 200 °C, decomposes in a second step at 300 °C to generate the sesquioxide. A surface carbonate layer on the resulting oxide is only removed completely by subsequent thermal treatment at 700–800 °C. Exposure of the oxide to water vapor at <200 °C causes complete rehydration to the trihydroxide, rather than mere formation of surface hydroxyl groups, and results in complete recovery of surface area lost by hightemperature sintering. Spectroscopic studies reveal the existence of two structurally dissimilar kinds of bulk hydroxide ions in La(OH)3, differing in their relative extents of hydrogen bonding and giving rise to infrared bands at 3610 and 3590 cm−1. The latter band corresponds to the less numerous and more strongly bound type of OH− that is removed during second-stage dehydration of the oxyhydroxide.
Markets for Pollution Allowances: What Are the (New) Lessons?

Abstract About 45 years ago a few economists offered the novel idea of trading pollution rights as a way of meeting environmental goals. Such trading was touted as a more cost-effective alternative...
Novel thin film solid-oxide fuel cell for microscale energy conversion

A novel approach for the fabrication and assembly of a solid oxide fuel cell system is described which enables effective scaling of the fuel delivery, manifold, and fuel cell stack components for applications in miniature and microscale energy conversion. Scaling towards miniaturization is accomplished by utilizing thin film deposition combined with novel micromachining approaches which allow manifold channels and fuel delivery system to be formed within the substrate which the thin film fuel cell stack is fabricated on, thereby circumventing the need for bulky manifold components which are not directly scalable. Results demonstrating the generation of electrical current in the temperature range of 200 - 400 degrees Celsius for a thin film solid oxide fuel cell stack fabricated on a silicon wafer will be presented.
Tracking Homo Oeconomicus: Development of the Neoliberal Beliefs Inventory

Researchers across the social sciences are beginning to note that neoliberalism’s influence is no longer restricted to macroeconomic and social policies, but can now be detected in individuals’ behaviors, relationships, perceptions, and self-concept. However, psychologists lack a means of assessing neoliberal beliefs directly. We collected data from three samples of U.S. undergraduates to develop and test a measure of neoliberal ideology, the Neoliberal Beliefs Inventory (NBI). Using first exploratory and then confirmatory factor analysis, we devised a 25-item measure that is both reliable and valid, at least within a particular demographic (i.e., U.S. traditionally-aged undergraduates). The NBI may help psychologists specify and analyze the role of neoliberal ideology in shaping human behavior and functioning.
Singing the same tune: Principals’ and school board members’ perceptions of the superintendent’s role as instructional leader

Understanding the multifaceted roles and responsibilities of the district superintendent as an instructional leader has proved to be a long‐standing and sometimes elusive endeavor. In spite of the consistency of research findings, instructional leadership remains one of the more controversial characteristics associated with the examination of the district superintendent. The findings reported here are part of a larger study on the role and responsibilities of the superintendent as an instructional leader. Specifically, this investigation examined the covariance between school principals’ and school board members’ views of the instructional leadership of the district superintendent. Results from this correlational and regression analysis empirically illustrate a statistically significant relationship between superintendent vision and the factors of organizational mission, program and personnel evaluation, principal decision‐making and school board/community involvement. The findings also suggest that involvement of professional educators and members of the community in formulating instructional programs significantly affects the success of the district leader.
When Neural Crest and Placodes Collide: Interactions between Melanophores and the Lateral Lines That Generate Stripes in the SalamanderAmbystoma tigrinum tigrinum(Ambystomatidae)

Abstract A prominent element of the early larval pigment pattern in the salamanderAmbystoma tigrinum tigrinum(family Ambystomatidae) is a horizontal stripe over the lateral surface of the myotomes where otherwise abundant, neural crest-derived melanophores are not found. This study examines the formation of this “melanophore-free region.” When the trunk lateral lines were ablated (by removing cranial lateral line placodes), the melanophore-free region did not form; instead, melanophores populated the middle of the flank and the distribution of yellow, neural crest-derived xanthophores was perturbed. Time-lapse videomicrography demonstrated that during normal development, the melanophore-free region is established because melanophores retreat from the midbody lateral line primordium as it migrates caudally along the inner side of the epidermis. Melanophores do not repopulate the middle of the flank after primordium migration and heterochronic grafting experiments suggest that extracellular factors contribute to maintaining the melanophore-free region during these later stages. Finally, photographic series, microsurgical manipulations, electron microscopy, and staining for molecules of the extracellular matrix (peanut agglutinin-binding components, tenascin, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, fibronectin, laminin) suggest that several factors contribute to establishing and maintaining the melanophore-free region, including steric effects of the lateral lines, interactions between melanophores and xanthophores, lateral line-dependent alterations of the subepidermal basement membrane, and a general elaboration of the extracellular matrix. Lateral line effects on melanophores are inferred to be a shared, ancestral feature of pigment pattern development for the families Ambystomatidae and Salamandridae (D. M. Parichy,Dev. Biol.174, 265–282. 1996). The results of this study thus provide insights into a phylogenetically primitive mechanism for stripe formation, and a context for interpreting evolutionary innovations in pattern-forming mechanisms.
FOLLICULAR FLUID ELECTROLYTES IN OVULATION.

ConclusionsThe Na and K concentration of follicular fluid is similar to that of plasma. The K concentrations of diestrus, estrus, and pre-ovulatory rabbit follicles are not measurably different. Average [K] values are slightly above those for normal plasma. Na concentration of diestrous follicles was somewhat higher than that of plasma, whereas the Na content of fluid from estrous and pre-ovulatory follicles was somewhat lower.
The 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors ZD2138 and ZM230487 are potent and selective inhibitors of several antigen-induced guinea-pig pulmonary responses

The non-redox 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor Zeneca ZD2138 (6-[(3-fluoro-5-[4-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl])phenoxy- methyl]-1-methyl-2-quinolone) was evaluated for its ability to inhibit antigen-induced leukotriene release from guinea-pig lung in vitro and antigen-induced increases in pulmonary resistance in guinea pigs in vivo. ZD2138 inhibited antigen-induced release of leukotriene D4 and leukotriene B4 with IC50 values of 0.3 +/- 0.06 microM and 0.4 +/- 0.09 microM, respectively. At about ten times higher concentrations, ZD2138 had no effect on antigen-induced release of thromboxane B2, indicating selectivity for inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase vs. phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase, or thromboxane synthetase. Similarly, ZD2138 did not inhibit histamine release, indicating that the compound did not have a generalized effect on the mediator release processes. Zeneca ZM230487-(6-[(3-fluoro-5-[4-methoxy- 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl])phenoxymethyl]-1-ethyl-2-quinolone), the N-ethyl analog of ZD2138, was approximately equipotent toward inhibition of antigen-induced leukotriene D4 release, with an IC50 of 0.2 +/- 0.08 microM. The so-called 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor, MK-886 (3-[1-(p-chlorobenzyl)-5-(isopropyl)-3-tert-butylthioindol-2-yl]-2 ,2- dimethylpropanoic acid), and the iron ligand 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton (N-(1-benzo[b]thien-2-ylethyl)-N-hydroxy-urea) were also active, but less potent than ZD2138 with IC50 values for inhibition of antigen-induced leukotriene release in vitro of 9.3 +/- 3.2 microM and 14.8 +/- 1.8 microM, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance study of free fatty acid incorporation in acylated lipids in differentiating predipocytes

To understand the role of free fatty acid (FFA) incorporation in the accumulation of lipids in the adipocyte and ultimately in the development of obesity, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance was used to study lipid metabolism in differentiating preadipocytes. The incorporation of 13C=O-labeled FFA into cellular lipids in primary cultured rat preadipocytes and 3T3L1 preadipocytes at different stages of differentiation was monitored by the 13C carbonyl chemical shift. Significant incorporation of palmitic acid into phosphatidylcholine in both the α and β acyl chain positions was found in cells at early stages of differentiation. At later differentiation stages or after extended incubation periods, most of the 13C=O signals were found in the triacylglycerol (TG) molecules. Unsaturated 13C=O-labeled acyl chains were detected in the TG molecules when cells were incubated with saturated 13C=O-labeled FFA, indicating that intracellular dehydrogenation had occurred in the 13C=O-labeled palmitoyl chain. By using 13C-labeled methyl myrisfate as an internal intensity reference, incorporation of 13C FFA into each acyl chain position of the major intracellular lipids was determined quantitatively.
In vivo measures of monoamines during amphetamine-induced behaviors in rats.

Abstract Kuczenski, Ronald and David S. Segal. In vivo measures of Monoamines During Amphetamine-Induced Behaviors in Rats. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiat. 1990, 14 (Suppl): S37–S50. 1. 1. Using a removable in vivo microdialysis probe and remote sample collection, the temporal and dose-related behavioral and monoamine response to amphetamine (AMPH) were examined in freely-moving rats. Extracellular dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites were monitored concomitant with detailed characterization of the locomotor and stereotypy profiles. Consistent with previous results, AMPH (0.5 – 5.0 mg/kg) induced a rapid dose-dependent increase in dopamine concentration and decrease in the concentrations of the dopamine metabolites. Dopamine and metabolites exhibited contrasting temporal and dose-related patterns, suggesting that the decline in dopamine metabolites is functionally dissociated from the AMPH-enhanced dopamine release and that metabolite levels do not provide an accurate index of functional dopaminergic activity. 2. 2. Dose response comparisons revealed a significant relationship between AMPH-induced increases in behavioral perseveration and the magnitude and duration of the dopamine release. However, the temporal patterns of the neurotransmitter response and individual components of stereotypy were not parallel, suggesting that the presence of stereotypies is not associated simply with quantitative differences in striatal dopamine release. 3. 3. Consistent with this interpretation, we found that a variety of manipulations including reserpine, apomorphine and chronic amphetamine pretreatment, produced a dissociation between the alterations in the behavioral and dopaminergic responses to amphetamine. The behavioral response to amphetamine may be influenced by the interaction between levels of dopamine and serotonin, by the state of their respective receptors and by the relative contributions of additional dopaminergic systems.
Proactive Content Distribution for dynamic content

We study the bounds and means of optimal caching in overlay Content Distribution Networks (CDN) that serve data with dynamic content to end-users who send random requests for the most up-to-date version of such content. Applications with such dynamic content are numerous, including daily news, weather conditions, stock market prices, social networking messages, etc. The service for such a dynamically changing content necessitates a fundamentally different approach than traditional pull-based (also called non-proactive) schemes. In particular, proactive caching is required to optimize the type and amount of content to be updated in the local servers of a CDN hence minimize the transmission and caching costs, subject to storage constraints. We study the metric of cost reduction achieved by proactive caching over non-proactive caching strategies. We introduce the notion of popularity to establish fundamental upper and lower bounds on cost reduction under different degrees of storage space constraints. We prove the lower bounds to achieve the optimal rate of increase achieved by the upper bounds as the database of items increases. In particular, for a general form of convex, superlinear and monotonically increasing cost functions, our results reveal that the optimal cost reduction scales as the cost function itself, or at least as its first derivative, depending on the number of popular data items, as well as the cache storage capacity.