cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
[Detection of methyl carbamate and ethyl carbamate in yellow rice wine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

Objective To establish the method of simultaneous determination of methylcarbamate (MC) and ethylcarbamate (EC) in yellow rice wine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).Methods MC and EC in yellow rice wine were derived by 9-xanthydrol,and then the derivants were detected by GC/MS; and quantitatively analyzed by DS-EC isotope internal standard method.Results The linearity of MC and EC ranged from 2.0 μg/L to 400.0 μg/L,with correlation coefficients at 0.998 and 0.999,respectively.The limits of quantitation (LOQ) and detection (LOD) were 0.67 and 2.0 μg/kg.When MC and EC were added in yellow rice wine at the range of 2.0-300.0 μg/kg,the intraday average recovery rate was 78.8％-102.3％,relative standard deviation was 3.2％-11.6％ ; interday average recovery rate was 75.4％-101.3％,relative standard deviation was 3.8％-13.4％.20 samples of yellow rice wine from supermarket were detected using this method,the contents of MC were in the range of ND (no detected) to 1.2 μg/kg,the detection rate was 6％ (3/20),the contents of EC in the range of 18.6 μg/kgto 432.3 μg/kg,with the average level at 135.2 μg/kg.Conclusion The method is simple,rapid and useful for simultaneous determination of MC and EC in yellow rice wine. Key words: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Esters; Alcoholic beverages
Statistical Evaluation of Genetic Footprinting Data

As transposomics is extended to genome scale, appropriate statistical methods need to be developed to assign significance to gene essentiality. In this chapter, the author presents a set of steps that, together with genome-scale insertion data and the complete genome sequence of a prokaryote, can be used to classify the genes of the organism as either "essential" or "nonessential."
Do Black NonHispanic Men Produce Less Prostate Specific Antigen in Benign Prostate Tissue or Cancer Compared to White NonHispanic Men with Gleason Score 6 (Grade Group 1) Prostate Cancer

Purpose: We evaluated prostate specific antigen production by benign prostate tissue and Gleason score 3+3=6 (Grade Group 1) prostate cancer in black and white nonHispanic men.Materials and Methods: We used Gleason score 3+3=6 (Grade Group 1) cases to assess prostate specific antigen production by benign prostate tissue in cases with low volume cancer that did not influence prostate specific antigen and in those with high volume cancer in which gland weight did not influence prostate specific antigen. We then created age, prostate specific antigen and prostate weight adjusted cohorts to demonstrate tumor volume per 1 ng/ml prostate specific antigen and 1 μg prostate specific antigen mass. Prostate specific antigen density and prostate specific antigen mass density were used to adjust for prostate weight.Results: Comparison of 58 black and 301 white men with low volume cancer demonstrated equal prostate specific antigen production by benign prostate tissue. Comparison of 30 black and 75 white men with high...
Impact of Pharmacy Intervention on Prior Authorization Success and Efficiency at a University Medical Center.

BACKGROUND: Prior authorizations (PAs) may improve appropriate use of prescription medications. Despite potential savings for health insurance plans, the PA process is time consuming for the ordering provider, pharmacy, and patient. The UC Davis Health System (UCDHS) has created a centralized pharmacy-run clinic PA process. OBJECTIVE: To compare the mean PA processing time between the new centralized clinic and usual care and provide secondary endpoints for PA approval rates, time to prescription fill, time to prescription pick-up, total staff time, and estimated labor costs. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study comparing sequential PA requests at the UCDHS centralized clinic (intervention) and other UCDHS clinics (usual care) between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to compare dichotomous outcomes (approval/denial rates) between the 2 groups, controlling for insurance type. A generalized linear model was applied for comparing the continuous o...
Inside graduate admissions: Merit, diversity, and faculty gatekeeping

In an attempt to investigate what occurs behind the closed doors of doctoral admissions committee meetings and make recommendations for improving selection, Dr. Julie Posselt studied the people and...
Highly automated hardware and firmware RAID SoC design optimized for memory class storage devices

Today, solid state drives (SSDs) which is as a memory class storage device are widely used due to their superior performance over hard disk drivers (HDDs). This trend brings a new challenge to the design of storage adapters which are used to connect a host computer system to peripheral storage I/O devices. In this paper, we propose a joint hardware and firmware architecture and present a System-on-Chip (SoC) based on this architecture. This SoC is for the new generation of IBM RAID adapter that attains higher I/Os per seconds (IOPS). Several key novel aspects which are used to maximize the performance of the RAID storage adapter will be introduced in detail, including various hardware offload and accelerators as well as such as a firmware performance path design. The overall architecture and technologies are silicon proved in FPGA and ASIC.
Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting.

Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120–bNAb interactions. Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. HR-HRPF of the gp120–b12 complex coupled wit...
Osteohistology and sequence of suture fusion reveal complex environmentally influenced growth in the teiid lizard Aspidoscelis tigris — Implications for fossil squamates

Abstract The environment has an influence on an organism's growth and differentiation during ontogeny. For extinct species in particular, the record of this interaction can be accessed through osteohistology. Such studies have, however, historically focused largely on dinosaurs and mammals, leaving the rest of Amniota understudied. Although accounting for nearly 40% of extant amniote diversity, Squamata (hereafter, “lizards” including snakes and amphisbaenians) is conspicuous for lack of osteohistological study. Here, an osteohistological study of the growth record of 29 individuals of the cnemidophorine teiid lizard Aspidoscelis tigris – Tiger whiptail – sheds light on the species’ growth patterns. We observed that size and age are not tightly coupled in A. tigris . Rather, growth in this lizard may be influenced by genetically determined growth strategies suited to the highly variable arid environments they inhabit, in conjunction with the environment in which individuals hatch. Hatchlings, which exhibit the highest growth rates, have the smallest home ranges and thus habitat variables such as the density of food and competitors could strongly influence final size. However, smaller size seems to favor longevity in A. tigris as the oldest individuals are below the median snout-vent length for the species. Surprisingly, ‘adult’ ontogenetic fusions in the skeleton did not correlate closely with age. Instead, they strongly correlate with size. Although a terminal asymptotic size appears fixed within a narrow size range, the rate at which they achieve it is highly variable. Our study reveals a complex organism-environment interaction governing growth and differentiation in Aspidoscelis tigris , that has implications for the interpretation of osteohistological data in fossil taxa.
Antacids and Alginates in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Antacids neutralize gastric acid and are, partly due to their over-the-counter availability, broadly used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adults. They are utilized for more than 2,000 years, though evidence of the effectiveness and safety is limited in infants [1]. Antacids have an effect on the short-term relief of heartburn and the healing of esophagitis. Characteristic antacids consist of alkali complexes of aluminum and/or magnesium, aluminum and magnesium phosphates, magnesium trisilicate, carbonate, and bicarbonate salts [2]. Alginate-based raft-forming formulations vary from conventional antacids by forming a gel on the surface of the gastric contents and contain sodium or potassium bicarbonate. Alginates and antacids components are frequently combined in one product. Because of potential toxicity, prolonged use of antacids should be avoided [3].
Unique FDG-PET findings in anti-LGI-1 encephalitis (P5.402)

Objective: To delineate unique brain FDG-PET findings in anti-LGI-1 encephalitis Background: Anti-leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 (LGI-1) encephalitis is a recently recognized antibody-mediated encephalitis characterized by subacute onset of faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS) and cognitive decline. The diagnosis is confirmed with detection of disease-specific antibodies in blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment is generally with immune modulation with or without anti-seizure medications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain may not demonstrate abnormalities, which can be problematic both in terms of diagnosis and in assessing response to treatment. Further, although anti-LGI1 is considered a limbic encephalitis, the cognitive decline stems from involvement of other cortical areas. The role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in anti-LGI-1 encephalitis requires further investigation. Design/Methods: Case series Results: Three patients with anti-LGI-1 encephalitis were treated at our tertiary care center. All had antibody positive disease but inconclusive brain MRI. Brain FDG-PET imaging was undertaken and showed global hypometabolism with relative occipital sparing and concomitant hypermetabolism in the bilateral basal ganglia. The hypermetabolic basal ganglia signals were asymmetric, with a greater amount of hypermetabolism on the contralateral side of FBDS focality in all cases. All patients were treated with immune modulation and had improvement of their symptoms; two received lacosamide for seizures refractory to other anti-seizure medications, and both showed complete and immediate response to the drug. Follow up FDG-PET of one patient one year after onset of his symptoms demonstrated resolution of the abnormalities seen, corresponding to clinical remission, as well. Conclusions: Brain FDG-PET imaging in anti-LGI-1 encephalitis has not been previously described but displays specific and distinct abnormalities for this syndrome. FDG-PET may be more useful than brain MRI both in terms of detecting the initial abnormalities and resolution of those abnormalities with treatment. Disclosure: Dr Lyons has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vodopivec has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Biogen. Dr. Singhal has nothing to disclose.
Activation of Organic Hydroperoxide Tumor Promoters to Free Radicals in Target Cells

Although the molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis are poorly understood at this time, intermediary events in the development of cancer have been described through the selective actions of discrete chemical agents (1). These processes have been studied in various model systems and have been termed initiation, promotion and progression (2). Initiation appears to involve the modification of cellular DNA, resulting in genotypically altered cells, while promotion encompasses a continuum of events allowing for the selection and clonal expansion of the initiated cells (3). Finally, progression completes the conversion of pre-malignant cells to malignant cells. Substantial evidence supports the involvement of free radical species, especially those derived from molecular oxygen, in multiple aspects of these processes (4).
Abstract 4261: Pathways of metastatic bladder cancer from a longitudinal patient data set

Bladder cancer (BCa), the 6th commonest cancer in the U.S., is highly lethal when metastatic. Sites and patterns of patient-specific metastatic spread are deemed random and unpredictable. Whether BCa metastatic patterns can be quantified and predicted more accurately is unknown. We used a prospective, longitudinal dataset of 3,505 BCa patients who underwent definitive treatment following diagnosis and were continuously enrolled (1971-2016; mean follow-up 6.13 years). Metastases developed in 30% (n=1,040) of patients, with 5-year survival rate of 18%, compared to 72% in those without metastases (n=2,465). The three commonest metastatic sites at time-of-first progression were pelvis (n=283; 27.2%), bone (n=274; 26.3%), and lung (n=247; 23.8%). We illustrate metastatic pathway progression as color-coded, circular, tree-ring diagrams (primary in the center; metastatic sites outwards). Markov chain modeling, denoting nodes as potential anatomic metastatic sites, indicated higher probability of spread from the bladder to pelvis (15.6%), bone (15.6%), and lung (13.9%), categorizing 4 of 10 anatomical sites as ‘spreaders9 and 2 as ‘sponges9. We created a dynamical, data-visualization, web-platform that displays temporal, spatial and Markov modeling figures with predictive capability. For contrasting subgroups, this platform indicated differences in transition probabilities, rank-ordering of metastatic sites, and spreader/sponge node classification. Spatiotemporal patterns of BCa metastasis and sites of spread indicate underlying organotropic mechanisms in the prediction of response. This recognition opens the possibility of organ site-specific therapeutic targeting in the oligo-metastatic disease setting. In the precision medicine era, visualization of complex, time-resolved clinical data will enhance management of post-operative, metastatic BCa patients. Citation Format: Jeremy M. Mason, Zaki Hasnain, Gus Miranda, Karanvir Gill, Paul K. Newton, Inderbir S. Gill, Peter Kuhn. Pathways of metastatic bladder cancer from a longitudinal patient data set [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4261.
A Fast Method to Calculate the Volumetric Divergence Metric for Evaluating the Accuracy of the Extracted Isosurface

In this paper, a new method is introduced to calculate the volumetric divergence (VD) metric, which is defined as the volume between the extracted isosurface mesh and the isosurface given by trilinear interpolation. This metric can be used to evaluate the accuracy of the extracted isosurface mesh against the trilinear interpolation isosurface. In the new method, each cube in a scalar volumetric dataset is sliced, the cross-sectional area of the VD region on each slice is calculated analytically, and then all the cross-sectional areas are integrated numerically to generate the volume of the VD region (i.e., the VD metric). The more the cube is sliced, the more accurate the metric becomes. The existing method that calculates the VD metric is a pure numerical method. Its execution time is long when the metric accuracy is high. The new method is 15-70 times faster than the existing method when both methods achieve the same level of accuracy.
Topological classification table implemented with classical passive metamaterials

Topological condensed-matter systems from class A and class AII of the classification table have received classical electromagnetic and mechanical analogs, and protected wave-guiding with such systems has been demonstrated experimentally. Here we introduce a map that generates classical analogs for all entries of the classification table, using only passive elements. Physical mechanical models are provided for all strong topological phases in dimension 2, as well as for three classes in dimension 3. This includes topological superconducting phases, which have never been attempted with classical systems.
Phylogeography and geographic variation in the Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus): characterization of mtDNA and plumage hybrid zones

ABSTRACT We used sequences of the mitochondrial ND2 gene, the nuclear TGFB-2 intron-5, and differences in plumage pattern to assay geographic variation in the Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus). Ten population samples from throughout its range indicated that ∼23% of the mitochondrial genetic variation was distributed among populations, largely due to the occurrence of a clade of haplotypes restricted to the Florida peninsula with a local frequency of 82%. In a hierarchical analysis, 37% of the mtDNA genetic variance was distributed between the Florida peninsula and elsewhere. A strong signal of population growth was detected in the non-peninsular portion of the range. Otherwise, geographic variation in haplotype frequencies was minor, with no evidence of isolation-by-distance. Nuclear intron data showed little variation among populations (Fst = 0.007). These results suggest recent secondary contact of 2 differentiated taxa following expansion from allopatric Pleistocene refugia. We modeled the ...
Unique Physiologic Considerations

The aging process involves physiologic changes that impact both the disposition and effect of drugs in the body as well as the pathology of pain. As the population ages, an understanding of these principles is essential to recognizing patients in pain and treating their symptoms effectively and appropriately. In this chapter, age-related physiologic changes and their impact on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics will be discussed.
Heterogeneity of the molecular basis of hereditary pyropoikilocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis associated with increased levels of the spectrin alpha I/74-kilodalton tryptic peptide.

Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) and hereditary elliptocytosis are closely related, congenital disorders of the red blood cell usually associated with defective spectrin self-association and abnormal limited tryptic digestion of the N-terminal of domain of spectrin. Enhanced cleavage by trypsin of spectrin from affected individuals at arginyl residue 45* and lysyl residue 48* frequently yields increased amounts of an alpha 1/74-Kd fragment at the expense of the normal alpha 1/80-Kd parent fragment. Limited tryptic digestion of three unrelated individuals with HPP showed the alpha 1/74 defect. To ascertain the molecular defect responsible for the abnormality, the structure of exon 2 of the alpha-spectrin gene was examined. Genomic DNA from the subjects was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using primers flanking exon 2. Restriction endonuclease digestion of amplified products showed the loss of the HindIII site at codons 47 and 48 in one allele of subject 1 and abolished the AhaII site at codons 27 and 28 in one allele of subjects 2 and 3. Nucleotide sequence analysis of subcloned amplified DNA from the HPP subjects showed three novel amino acid substitutions. In subject 1 (a black individual), a single base substitution (AAG\---|-AGG) at codon position 48 changes amino acid residue lysine to arginine. In subject 2 (a white individual), a single base substitution (CGT\---|-AGT) at codon 28 changes arginine to serine. In subject 3 (a black individual), a different base substitution at position 28 (CGT\---|-CTT) changes arginine to leucine. These mutations occur at positions of the alpha l domain where other mutations have also been described, indicating that the normal residues at these positions play an important role in spectrin dimer self-association and thus, in membrane stability.
Relationship between the molecular composition, visible light absorption, and health-related properties of smoldering woodsmoke aerosols

Abstract. Organic aerosols generated from the smoldering combustion of wood critically impact air quality and health for billions of people worldwide; yet, the links between the chemical components and the optical or biological effects of woodsmoke aerosol (WSA) are still poorly understood. In this work, an untargeted analysis of the molecular composition of smoldering WSA, generated in a controlled environment from nine types of heartwood fuels (African mahogany, birch, cherry, maple, pine, poplar, red oak, redwood, and walnut), identified several hundred compounds using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nano-electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with tandem multistage mass spectrometry (MS n ). The effects of WSA on cell toxicity as well as gene expression dependent on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptor (ER) were characterized with cellular assays, and the visible mass absorption coefficients (MAC vis ) of WSA were measured with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The WSAs studied in this work have significant levels of biological and toxicological activity, with exposure levels in both an outdoor and indoor environment similar to or greater than those of other toxicants. A correlation between the HRMS molecular composition and aerosol properties found that phenolic compounds from the oxidative decomposition of lignin are the main drivers of aerosol effects, while the cellulose decomposition products play a secondary role; e.g., levoglucosan is anticorrelated with multiple effects. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are not expected to form at the combustion temperature in this work, nor were they observed above the detection limit; thus, biological and optical properties of the smoldering WSA are not attributed to PAHs. Syringyl compounds tend to correlate with cell toxicity, while the more conjugated molecules (including several compounds assigned to dimers) have higher AhR activity and MAC vis . The negative correlation between cell toxicity and AhR activity suggests that the toxicity of smoldering WSA to cells is not mediated by the AhR. Both mass-normalized biological outcomes have a statistically significant dependence on the degree of combustion of the wood. In addition, our observations support the fact that the visible light absorption of WSA is at least partially due to charge transfer effects in aerosols, as previously suggested. Finally, MAC vis has no correlation with toxicity or receptor signaling, suggesting that key chromophores in this work are not biologically active on the endpoints tested.
Comprehensive Collaboration Plans: Practical Considerations Spanning Across Individual Collaborators to Institutional Supports

This chapter provides a framework for integrating and applying the principles and strategies for effective team science that are described in this volume. The framework, called Collaboration Planning, aims to guide a deliberative approach to assess and plan for ten key influences on both scientific and collaborative success. These influences range from the initial scientific rationale for a team science approach to the collaboration readiness of participating individuals and institutions to team communication and coordination mechanisms to quality improvement for team functioning. The Collaboration Planning framework guides current or future collaborators through dialogue and planning around each influence. It draws their attention to key issues for consideration related to each influence, and facilitates discussion of how to leverage facilitating factors and plan for, or mitigate, challenges. Decisions are captured in a resulting written document called the Collaboration Plan. The Collaboration Plan summarizes the various ways the team plans to build the foundation for, and support, effective collaboration across the lifespan of the team science initiative. Collaboration Plans can be used in multiple ways. The Plans' core function is as a roadmap to facilitate effective team formation and functioning. The Plan also can be used for benchmarking or guiding quality improvement-oriented evaluation. Collaboration Plans also can be used to communicate a team’s likelihood of collaborative success, goals, and needs to a wide variety of audiences, including funders, current and future team members, stakeholders in the team’s success, and organizational leaders. In addition, they can be used as models to guide future teams in laying the foundation for success.
RNA-Sequencing of ovine PBMC after exposure to Haemonchus contortus larval antigen.

Mechanisms of immune activation in effector cells during Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep are currently unknown. Microarray experiments have been performed on tissues of H contortus infected sheep of varying parasite resistance during early and late points of infection, but not in immune effector cells. The purpose of this study was to compare early gene activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from primed parasite susceptible (Suffolk) and resistant (St. Croix) sheep in response to H contortus larval antigen (HcLA). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured for 6 hours with HcLA, and RNA-sequencing was performed. St. Croix PBMC upregulated 499 unique genes in response to HcLA while Suffolk PBMC upregulated 130 unique genes and 25 genes were shared between the two breeds. St. Croix PBMC had increased expression of genes associated with immune function, signal transduction, response to stress and others. In addition, while mechanisms of innate recognition of H contortus are unknown, multiple pattern recognition receptors were found to be upregulated in St. Croix PBMC cultured with HcLA and none were found to be upregulated in Suffolk PBMC. These patterns of immune gene activation may contribute to St. Croix's rapid response and ability to resist H contortus infection.
AMPK is required for uterine receptivity and normal responses to steroid hormones

We previously demonstrated that 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is essential for normal reproductive functions in female mice. Conditional ablation of Prkaa1 and Prkaa2, genes that encode the α1 and α2 catalytic domains of AMPK, resulted in early reproductive senescence, faulty artificial decidualization, uterine inflammation and fibrotic postparturient endometrial regeneration. We also noted a delay in the timing of embryo implantation in Prkaa1/2d/d female mice, suggesting a role for AMPK in establishing uterine receptivity. As outlined in new studies here, conditional uterine ablation of Prkaa1/2 led to an increase in ESR1 in the uteri of Prkaa1/2d/d mice, resulting in prolonged epithelial cell proliferation and retention of E2-induced gene expression (e.g. Msx1, Muc1, Ltf) through the implantation window. Within the stromal compartment, stromal cell proliferation was reduced by five-fold in Prkaa1/2d/d mice, and this was accompanied by a significant decrease in cell cycle regulatory genes and aberrant expression of decidualization marker genes such as Hand2, Bmp2, Fst and Inhbb. This phenotype is consistent with our prior study, demonstrating a failure of the Prkaa1/2d/d uterus to undergo decidualization. Despite these uterine defects, ovarian function seemed to be normal following ablation of Prkaa1/2 from peri-ovulatory follicles in which ovulation, luteinization and serum progesterone levels were not different on day 5 of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy between Prkaa1/2fl/fl and Prkaa1/2d/d mice. These cumulative findings demonstrate that AMPK activity plays a prominent role in mediating several steroid hormone-dependent events such as epithelial cell proliferation, uterine receptivity and decidualization as pregnancy is established.
Parallelizing LQR Computation Through Endpoint-Explicit Riccati Recursion

A method is presented for parallelizing the computation of solutions to discrete-time, linear dynamic, quadratic objective, finite-horizon optimal control problems, which we refer to as LQR problems. For many applications, the size of these problems can be large enough that computing the solution is prohibitively slow when using a single processor. In this work, we present a novel method for parallelizing the computation of solutions across multiple processors. As a byproduct of the computation, the method presented generates feedback control policies that are useful when computing solutions to nonlinear optimal control problems and in the control of autonomous systems. The feedback policies generated by this method differ from those generated in existing methods, and the implications and benefits of this difference are discussed through the use of an example.
Effect of peer instruction pedagogy on concept mastery in a first professional year pharmacy self-care course.

Abstract Introduction As active learning is being encouraged in pharmacy education, valid active learning pedagogies should be investigated. Peer instruction pedagogy has yet to be explored in the pharmacy education setting. Peer instruction assesses student understanding of a topic through multiple choice questions called ConcepTests. When the class scores below a threshold, students are given time to discuss the ConcepTest. They are then given an opportunity to repeat the same ConcepTest. Methods Peer instruction pedagogy was implemented in the 2017 fall semester of PHAR 6112: Introduction to Self-Care. Changes in student responses were recorded via Turning Technologies software to identify if peer instruction increased the number of students who answered ConcepTests correctly. Changes in responses were analyzed via a paired t-test and McNemar test. Students were also surveyed on their perceptions of the pedagogy. Results A total of 51 questions proceeded through the entirety of the peer instruction algorithm. Peer instruction was associated with an increase in correct response (P Conclusions Peer instruction resulted in an increase in correct responses to session ConcepTests. This pedagogy has potential as an active learning method to deliver pharmacy material.
Combined biofortification of soilless grown lettuce with iodine, selenium and zinc and its effect on essential and non-essential elemental composition

Zinc (Zn), iodine (I) and selenium (Se) deficiencies are the most common nutritional disorders for humans in the world. Biofortification is a process of increasing vitamin and mineral concentration...
Constraining protoplanetary disc accretion and young planets using ALMA kinematic observations

Recent ALMA molecular line observations have revealed 3-D gas velocity structure in protoplanetary disks, shedding light on mechanisms of disk accretion and structure formation. 1) By carrying out viscous simulations, we confirm that the disk's velocity structure differs dramatically using vertical stress profiles from different accretion mechanisms. Thus, kinematic observations tracing flows at different disk heights can potentially distinguish different accretion mechanisms. On the other hand, the disk surface density evolution is mostly determined by the vertically integrated stress. The sharp disk outer edge constrained by recent kinematic observations can be caused by a radially varying $\alpha$ in the disk. 2) We also study kinematic signatures of a young planet by carrying out 3-D planet-disk simulations. The relationship between the planet mass and the "kink" velocity is derived, showing a linear relationship with little dependence on disk viscosity, but some dependence on disk height when the planet is massive, e.g. $10 M_J$. We predict the "kink" velocities for the potential planets in DSHARP disks. At the gap edge, the azimuthally-averaged velocities at different disk heights deviate from the Keplerian velocity at similar amplitudes, and its relationship with the planet mass is consistent with that in 2-D simulations. After removing the planet, the azimuthally-averaged velocity barely changes within the viscous timescale, and thus the azimuthally-averaged velocity structure at the gap edge is due to the gap itself and not directly caused to the planet. Combining both axisymmetric kinematic observations and the residual "kink" velocity is needed to probe young planets in protoplanetary disks.
The relationship of global sagittal malalignment to fatty infiltration in the aging spine

To investigate associations between muscle size, fat infiltration (FI), and global sagittal alignment in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). Retrospective cohort study was conducted on a single-institution database of ASD patients with preoperative radiographs and CTs. Following multiplanar reconstructions of CTs, images in the plane of each vertebra were generated. The posterior vertebral musculature (PVM) was contoured on axial images at three vertebral levels (T2, T10, L3). FI was calculated by comparing Hounsfield units within muscles to the normative values of fat. Correlation analyses were conducted between demographics, alignment, and muscle characteristics. 107 patients underwent preoperative spine CT (58yo, 79%F, BMI 27 kg/m2). Muscle data were available for 49 pts at T2, 39 pts at T10, and 81 pts at L3. Mean FI was T2 = 33% ± 18, T10 = 28% ± 19, L3_Erector = 39% ± 19, and L3_Psoas = 19% ± 9. FI correlated across levels (T2 vs. T10 r = 0.698; T10 vs L3_Erector r = 0.506; L3_Erector vs Psoas r = 0.419) and with demographics; older pts had greater fat percentages (r = 0.31–0.45) and BMIs (r = 0.24–0.51). Increased FI at T2, T10, and L3 was associated with increased pelvic retroversion (PT: r = 0.25–0.43), global deformity (TPA: r = 0.27–0.45), and anterior malalignment (SVA: r = 0.23–0.41). The degree of FI in the PVM increased with the severity of SRS-Schwab PT and SVA modifiers. In ASD patients, global sagittal malalignment is related to FI of the PVM throughout the lumbar and thoracic spine, as identified through CT. Future research should investigate how FI relates to ASD pathogenesis.
Thematic Analysis of Dyadic Coping in Couples With Young-Onset Dementia.

Importance A diagnosis of young-onset dementia (YOD) is a life-altering event for both persons with dementia and their spousal caregivers. Dyadic coping (DC) theoretical models acknowledge that dyads cope with stressors as a unit, but these models have yet to be used in YOD. Objective To explore the lived experiences of couples managing YOD using an integrated DC model. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study recruited couples from a single major medical setting and through social media. Eligibility criteria included cohabitation, 1 partner diagnosed with YOD and able to participate, and both partners willing to participate. Live online video interviews were conducted from March to June 2020. Exposures One semistructured interview, which was recorded and subsequently transcribed. Recruitment was stopped once thematic saturation was reached. Main Outcomes and Measures Five themes were deductively derived based on the integrated DC framework, including stress communication, positive individual DC, positive conjoint DC, negative individual DC, and negative conjoint DC. Within each theme, subthemes were inductively identified to further characterize couples’ dyadic coping experiences with YOD. Results A total of 23 couples were interviewed, comprising persons with dementia (11 women [48%]; mean [SD] age, 61.3 [4.65] years; mean [SD] time from diagnosis, 3.11 [3.85]) years; and spousal caregivers (13 women [57%]; mean [SD] age, 60.5 [5.40] years). Data supported the 5 a priori DC themes and novel subthemes describing couples’ experiences with YOD. Specifically, couples enacted positive conjoint DC by approaching challenges using a teamwork approach to problem solving and relying on collaborative communication. In contrast, couples engaged in negative conjoint DC through mutual avoidance, leading to increased negative communication and conflict. Couples described initially engaging in avoidance and withdrawal to navigate YOD-related stressors. While these strategies provided short-term relief from challenging emotions, they prevented engagement in adaptive coping (eg, acceptance and collaborative problem-solving) to promote long-term adjustment. Conclusions and Relevance This study used an evidence-based integrated DC approach to identify the positive and negative coping behaviors of couples managing YOD. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use a DC framework to guide qualitative analysis, and it provides valuable insights into DC strategies used by couples navigating YOD-related stressors. Findings can inform the development of dyadic psychosocial services for couples managing YOD and have implications for other progressive illnesses.
Low-Order Modeling of Wingtip Vortices in a Vortex Lattice Method

Wingtip-flow effects on the aerodynamic forces and moments of a wing become increasingly significant as the aspect ratio decreases. These effects are dominated by the tip vortex and an associated s...
Reflexões sobre Pedagogia e Ciências da Educação

This research has as its theme the relationship between Pedagogy and the Educational Sciences. We propose to reflect on the issue of pedagogy being a Science, identifying traces in the literature that confirm that pedagogy is a Science of education. The work consists of a qualitative research of literature review. The consulted authors, from the studies of the Thematic Seminary: Education, Pedagogy and Science of Education, discuss this theme. John Baptist of La Salle, creator of Lassalian pedagogy, is the reference author we brought to support our writing. The authors tend to understand Pedagogy as a science. We consider as evidence the fact that Lasallian pedagogy has been structured and continually growing for over three hundred years and, throughout this period, producing knowledge based on research. It is known that a Science does not appear in an empty space, there is already a walk with many contributions and science is being built in spaces and from these constructions, and this growth also occurs in the interfaces established with other sciences in the field of education. The studied authors corroborate the commitment to do quality educational research, which will certainly give more robustness and better structure to pedagogy as a science of education.
Comparative Analysis of Intravenous Pumps Relocation for Critically Ill Isolated COVID-19 Patients From Bedside to Outside the Patient Room.

Objectives:To quantify the impact of IV pump relocation for COVID-19 patients from the bedside to outside the patient room on nurse exposure to COVID-19 and conservation of PPE.Design:Original Arti...
Klassische Runge-Kutta-Formeln vierter und niedrigerer Ordnung mit Schrittweiten-Kontrolle und ihre Anwendung auf Wärmeleitungsprobleme

Es werden neue, expliziteRunge-Kutta-Formeln vierter und niedrigerer Ordnung mitgeteilt. Diese Formeln enthalten eine Schrittweiten-Kontrolle, die auf einer vollstandigen Erfassung des ersten Gliedes des lokalen Abbruchfehlers basiert. Die Formeln haben wesentlich kleinere Abbruchfehler als entsprechende Formeln anderer Autoren. Diese neuen Formeln eignen sich zur numerischen Integration von in den Raumvariablen diskretisierten Warmeleitungsproblemen, da die bei solchen Problemen auftretenden Stabilitatsverhaltnisse die zulassige Schrittweite vonRunge-Kutta-Formeln hoherer Ordnung beeintrachtigen wurden. Die Formeln werden auf ein Beispiel fur ein Warmeleitungsproblem angewandt.
The opportunities and constraints affecting an informatics policy: the India experience

Abstract We present an analysis of the issues that have influenced the development of informatics policy of India. Factors such as impact on employment, trade, and foreign exchange have acted as constraints in the adoption of information technology (IT). At the same time, IT presented a significant opportunity for accelerating progress towards meeting India's goals of self reliance and faster economic development. IT was also viewed as necessary for India's strategy of development, which is based upon centralized planning and management of the economy. We also discuss the role of potential demand for computer systems, the existing industrial base, R&D infrastructure, availability of technical manpower, and regulations for import, foreign investment, and licensing in determining the policies for indigenous manufacture of computer systems. We conclude with a discussion of India's informatics policies and experience in implementing them.
Intestinal structural changes in African Green monkeys after long term psyllium or cellulose feeding

Intestinal structure of male adult African Green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops ssp vervets) was studied after 3 1/2 yr of consuming diets containing 10% psyllium husk or cellulose. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified mild damage (cellular swelling and disarray, and microvillar denudation and disarray) at villous tips throughout the small intestine in the psyllium-fed monkeys. The cellulose group had similar duodenal damage. Differences were not found in colons by SEM. By light microscopy, jejunum had shorter villi with psyllium feeding, based upon villous height (P less than 0.05), and length around a sectioned villus (P less than 0.1), but not based upon the number of enterocytes per villus. Jejunal and ileal circular and longitudinal muscle layer thicknesses were increased in psyllium-fed monkeys. Colonic mucosal height was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced and muscle layer thickness was mildly reduced in the psyllium-fed monkeys. Group differences were not found in intestinal weight or length or in the weight of small intestinal mucosal scrapings. Psyllium husk may cause epithelial cell loss and muscle layer hypertrophy in the jejunum and ileum and thinning of the colonic wall after prolonged feeding.
Erie and Problems of Constitutional Structure

Copyright ? 2008 California Law Review, Inc. California Law Review, Inc. (CLR) is a California nonprofit corporation. CLR and the authors are solely responsible for the content of their publications. Except for a few clarifying footnotes, the special agreements and procedures governing this piece precluded any expansive response to Bradford R. Clark, Federal Lawmaking and the Role of Structure in Constitutional Interpretation, 96 Calif. L. Rev. 699 (2008). t Associate Professor of Law, Temple University; J.D., Yale Law School. Many thanks to Jane Baron, Rick Greenstein, David Hoffman, Duncan Hollis, Laura Little, Andrea Monroe, and Louis Pollak for comments on earlier drafts. Thanks also to Kate Glaser, Natalie Hrubos, and Paul LaPlante for their extraordinary research assistance. 1. See, e.g., Bradford R. Clark, Ascertaining the Laws of the Several States: Positivism and Judicial Federalism After Erie, 145 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1459 (1997) [hereinafter Clark, Ascertaining the Laws]', Bradford R. Clark, The Constitutional Structure and the Jurisprudence of Justice Scalia, Al St. Louis U. L.J. 753 (2003); Bradford R. Clark, Constitutional Structure, Judicial Discretion, and the Eighth Amendment, 81 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1149 (2006) [hereinafter Clark, Structure, Discretion, and the Eighth Amendment] (arguing that judicial discretion to displace state laws regarding punishments is not authorized by the Eighth Amendment and contradicts the Supremacy Clause); Bradford R. Clark, Domesticating Sole Executive Agreements, 93 Va. L. Rev. 1573 (2007) [hereinafter Clark, Domesticating] (arguing that the Supremacy Clause does not authorize sole executive agreements to override preexisting laws); Bradford R. Clark, Erie's Constitutional Source, 95 Calif. L. Rev. 1289 (2007) [hereinafter Clark, Erie's Constitutional Source] (arguing that the constitutional basis of Erie R.R. Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 (1938), is the Supremacy Clause because federal common law is not one of the three sources of supreme law); Bradford R. Clark, Federal Common Law: A Structural Reinterpretation, 144 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1245 (1996) [hereinafter Clark, Federal Common Law]; Bradford R. Clark, Putting the Safeguards back into the Political Safeguards of Federalism, 80 Tex. L. Rev. 327 (2001); Bradford R. Clark, Separation of Powers as a Safeguard of Federalism, 79 Tex. L. Rev. 1321 (2001) [hereinafter Clark, Separation of Powers]; Bradford R. Clark, The Supremacy Clause as a Constraint on Federal Power, 71 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 91 (2003); Bradford R. Clark, Translating Federalism: A Structural Approach, 66 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1161 (1998) [hereinafter Clark, Translating Federalism]; Bradford R. Clark, Unitary Judicial Review, 72 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 319 (2003) [hereinafter Clark, Unitary Judicial Review] (interpreting Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803)).
Infections and obstetric outcomes in opioid-dependent pregnant women maintained on methadone or buprenorphine

Aims To characterize infections and compare obstetric outcomes in opioid-dependent pregnant women who participated in a randomized clinical trial comparing agonist medications, methadone and buprenorphine. Design Incidence of infections was identified as part of the screening medical assessment. As part of a planned secondary analysis, analysis of variance and polytomous logistic regressions were conducted on obstetric outcome variables using treatment randomization condition (maternal maintenance with either methadone or buprenorphine) as the predictor variable, controlling for differences between study sites. Setting Six United States sites and one European site that provided comprehensive treatment to opioid-dependent pregnant women. Participants Pregnant opioid-dependent women (n = 131) who delivered while participating in the Maternal Opioid Treatment: Human Experimental Research (MOTHER) study. Measurements Obstetric, infectious and other maternal medical complications captured by medical records, physical examination, blood tests and self-report. Neonatal medical complications captured by medical records. Findings Hepatitis C was the most common infection (32.3%), followed by hepatitis B (7.6%) and chlamydia (6.1%) among participants at study enrollment. Maternal methadone versus buprenorphine maintenance was associated with a higher incidence of preterm labor (P = 0.04) and a significantly higher percentage of signs of respiratory distress in neonates at delivery (P = 0.05). Other medical and obstetric complications were infrequent in the total sample, as well as in both methadone and buprenorphine conditions. Conclusions Buprenorphine appears to have an acceptable safety profile for use during pregnancy.
An international research station in Antarctica

Many people, including Wernher von Braun, have drawn an analogy between the manned exploration of the solar system and scientific stations in Antarctica. Some of the Space/Antarctic parallels are quite obvious, such as the necessity to select small groups of highly trained individuals who can work together in isolation for extended periods, or in the case of the Moon/Antarctic comparison, the long day/night cycle. However, the parallel can be carried considerably further to include the types of science to be done, and, in some cases, there is even a strong similarity in environmental conditions. It may be worth while to build a new Antarctic station just to learn more about how to do planetary exploration.