cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feature and Kernel Evolution for Recognition of Hypersensitive Sites in DNA Sequences

The annotation of DNA regions that regulate gene transcription is the first step towards understanding phenotypical differences among cells and many diseases. Hypersensitive (HS) sites are reliable markers of regulatory regions. Mapping HS sites is the focus of many statistical learning techniques that employ Support Vector Machines (SVM) to classify a DNA sequence as HS or non-HS. The contribution of this paper is a novel methodology inspired by biological evolution to automate the basic steps in SVM and improve classification accuracy. First, an evolutionary algorithm designs optimal sequence motifs used to associate feature vectors with the input sequences. Second, a genetic programming algorithm designs optimal kernel functions that map the feature vectors into a high-dimensional space where the vectors can be optimally separated into the HS and non-HS classes. Results show that the employment of evolutionary computation techniques improves classification accuracy and promises to automate the analysis of biological sequences.
The Superego and the Theory of Social Systems

(1952). The Superego and the Theory of Social Systems. Psychiatry: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 15-25.
Service Routing in Multi-ISP Peer-to-Peer Content Distribution: Local or Remote?

The popularity of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing has resulted in large flows between different ISPs, which imposes significant transit fees on the ISPs in whose domains the communicating peers are located. The fundamental tradeoff faced by a peer-swarm is between free, yet delayed content exchange between intra-domain peers, and inter-domain communication of content, which results in transit fees. This dilemma is complex, since peers who possess the content dynamically increase the content capacity of the ISP domain to which they belong.
Performance of a MIS Type Pd-Cr/AlN/Si Hydrogen Sensor

An MIS Hydrogen sensor with a Pd0.96Cr0.04/AlN/Si structure was fabricated, exhibiting the dynamic range considerably wider than that of analogous devices with pure Pd gates. A useful response could be obtained for Hydrogen concentrations as large as 50,000 ppm. Although the response amplitude was much reduced at the lower concentrations, satisfactory signal to noise down to 50 ppm could be obtained. The saturating magnitude of the electrical response is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 V, which is the same as that for the pure Pd gated devices, inspite of the 3 orders of magnitude difference in the saturation hydrogen concentration. This result will be discussed in terms of the response mechanism of these devices.
Fluid Forces on Oscillating Cylinders

The paper presents the results of an experimental and analytical investigation of the forced oscillations of a circular cylinder in uniform flow. The transverse force has been decomposed into two components and the appropriate force-transfer coefficients have been determined experimentally through the use of a Fourier averaging techinique. The results were then incorporated into the equation of motion to predict the dynamic responsee of elastically-mounted cylinders. The numerical predictions were found to be in good agreement with those obtained experimentally.
You Are How You Query: Deriving Behavioral Fingerprints from DNS Traffic

As the Domain Name System (DNS) plays an indispensable role in a large number of network applications including those used for malicious purposes, collecting and sharing DNS traffic from real networks are highly desired for a variety of purposes such as measurements and system evaluation. However, information leakage through the collected network traffic raises significant privacy concerns and DNS traffic is not an exception. In this paper, we study a new privacy risk introduced by passively collected DNS traffic. We intend to derive behavioral fingerprints from DNS traces, where each behavioral fingerprint targets at uniquely identifying its corresponding user and being immune to the change of time. We have proposed a set of new patterns, which collectively form behavioral fingerprints by characterizing a user’s DNS activities through three different perspectives including the domain name, the inter-domain relationship, and domains’ temporal behavior. We have also built a distributed system, namely DNSMiner, to automatically derive DNS-based behavioral fingerprints from a massive amount of DNS traces. We have performed extensive evaluation based on a large volume of DNS queries collected from a large campus network across two weeks. The evaluation results have demonstrated that a significant percentage of network users with persistent DNS activities are likely to have DNS behavioral fingerprints.
The great recession and job loss spillovers : impact of tradable employment shocks on supporting services

This paper explores the spillover effects of job losses via input linkages during the Great Recession. Exploiting exogenous variation in tradable employment shocks across U.S. counties, the paper finds that job losses in the tradable sectors cause further job losses in local supporting services. The result is not due to reverse causation, construction job losses, or credit shortages. In addition, the paper finds that logistic supporting services are relatively more affected by local tradable job losses, while professional supporting services, such as information technology and management consulting, are more affected by the job losses in neighboring counties.
Polytope Sector-Based Synthesis and Analysis of Microarchitectured Materials With Tunable Thermal Conductivity and Expansion

The aim of this paper is to (1) introduce an approach, called Polytope Sector-based Synthesis, for synthesizing 2D or 3D microstructural architectures that exhibit a desired bulk-property directionality (e.g., isotropic, cubic, orthotropic, etc.), and (2) provide general analytical methods that can be used to rapidly optimize the geometric parameters of these architectures such that they achieve a desired combination of bulk thermal conductivity and thermal expansion properties. Although the methods introduced can be applied to general beam-based microstructural architectures, we demonstrate their utility in the context of an architecture that can be tuned to achieve a large range of extreme thermal expansion coefficients — positive, zero, and negative. The material-property-combination region that can be achieved by this architecture is determined within an Ashby-material-property plot of thermal expansion vs. thermal conductivity using the analytical methods introduced. Both 2D and 3D versions of the design have been fabricated using projection microstereolithography.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Fractional Field Theory and Physics of the Dark Sector

Derived from the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) mechanism, axions are hypothetical pseudo-Goldstone bosons that restore the charge-parity (CP) symmetry of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). As of today, the mainstream view is that the PQ mechanism offers the most plausible explanation on the puzzle of preserving CP symmetry in QCD. Moreover, several astrophysical models postulate that axions are likely components of Cold Dark Matter (DM). For example, a recent study argues that DM behaves as a strongly coupled superfluid phase consisting of axion-like particles with mass in the eV range or below [1]. Despite these attractive features, experimental searches have either ruled out some axion-based models or placed them under stringent exclusion limits. The object of this work is to show that the concept of spacetime equipped with minimal fractality (the so called minimal fractal manifold , MFM in short [2-5]) solves the CP problem of QCD without invoking the PQ paradigm. Rather than discarding axions as superfluous complications of the theory, we conclude that they may be seen as topological signature of the MFM, which we suggestively refer to as “ Cantor Dust ”. We tentatively find that the properties of “ Cantor Dust” match current observations of DM on both cosmological and galactic scales. They also fall in line with the idea that Dark Energy arises from the dynamics of neutrino oscillations on cosmological scales [6].
Application of the Interferometer to the Measurement of Dimensional Changes in Rubber

Abstract The interferometer method for the measurement of small dimensional changes is adapted here to measurements on soft rubber. A detailed dsecription is given concerning the preparation of specimens, the apparatus, the procedure and the calculations necessary for the application of this method. Particular emphasis is placed on the measurement of thermal expansivity and the dimensional changes involved in transitions between the different forms of rubber. The lower limit of temperature is set only by the refrigerating liquid, temperatures as low as −185° C. being utilized. The upper limit of temperature is set only by the rubber itself. Results obtained in a study of the expansivity and transitions of “stark” (frozen) rubber are given as an illustration of the application of the method. Other possible applications are the measurement of the swelling of rubber by vapors and the determination of stress-strain relations under compressive loads. The chief limitation of the application of this method to ru...
Ask and You Shall (Not) Receive: Close Friends Prioritize Relational Signaling over Recipient Preferences in Their Gift Choices

AbstractGift givers balance their goal to please recipients with gifts that match recipient preferences against their own goal to signal relational closeness with gifts that demonstrate their knowledge of the recipient. Five studies in a gift registry context show that when close (vs. distant) givers receive attribution for the gifts they choose, they are more likely to diverge from the registry to choose items that signal their close relationships. The authors find that close givers’ divergence from the registry is not the result of their altruistic search for a “better” gift but is a strategic effort to express relational signals: it occurs only when givers will receive attribution for their choice. They show that close givers reconcile their goal conflict by engaging in motivated reasoning, which results in their perceptual distortion of the gift options in favor of relational-signaling gifts. Ironically, distant givers are more likely to choose gifts from the registry, resulting in the selection of it...
Evaluation of the grand-canonical partition function using expanded Wang-Landau simulations. IV. Performance of many-body force fields and tight-binding schemes for the fluid phases of silicon.

We extend Expanded Wang-Landau (EWL) simulations beyond classical systems and develop the EWL method for systems modeled with a tight-binding Hamiltonian. We then apply the method to determine the partition function and thus all thermodynamic properties, including the Gibbs free energy and entropy, of the fluid phases of Si. We compare the results from quantum many-body (QMB) tight binding models, which explicitly calculate the overlap between the atomic orbitals of neighboring atoms, to those obtained with classical many-body (CMB) force fields, which allow to recover the tetrahedral organization in condensed phases of Si through, e.g., a repulsive 3-body term that favors the ideal tetrahedral angle. Along the vapor-liquid coexistence, between 3000 K and 6000 K, the densities for the two coexisting phases are found to vary significantly (by 5 orders of magnitude for the vapor and by up to 25% for the liquid) and to provide a stringent test of the models. Transitions from vapor to liquid are predicted to ...
Competition in Financial Services: Evidence from British Mutual Funds

This article explores the effects of competition on risk-taking behavior and firm performance within the financial services industry. It does so by exploiting a regulatory change that allowed new players to enter the British mutual fund industry. Exploiting this regulatory shock, we trace nontrivial linkages among industry competition, risk taking, and performance. Greater competition followed the regulatory liberalization, leading to a significant increase in risk-taking behavior of funds. Competition generated performance efficiencies, forcing underperforming funds to exit and halting earlier value destruction. Competition, however, did not produce tangible cost savings for consumers of investment services.
Interlocking Directorates in the Top U.S. Corporations: A Graph Theory Approach

Dans l'introduction, l'auteur presente le probleme de l'etude des conseils de direction des grandes compagnies americaines par l'analyse des reseaux. En effet, l'emploi le plus courant d'un membre d'un conseil de direction d'une compagnie est celui de directeur du conseil d'une autre compagnie. L'etude de cette question s'est limitee jusqu'ici a des sous-ensembles prealablement choisis de la population des grandes compagnies. Ce type d'etude, en outre, s'est presque toujours base sur une orientation theorique definie d'avance.Dans la deuxieme partie de cet article, l'auteur decrit les quatre orientations theoriques principales : controle directorial ; controle de l'environnement et reciprocite ; controle financier ; controle par hegenomie de classe. Les resultats prevus par chacune de ces orientations sont aussi clairement decrits.Dans la troisieme partie, l'auteur presente la methode de recherche des "cliques" a l'interieur d'un reseau dense de liens entre des points. Comme l'auteur s'est donne comme but...
King v. Burwell — ACA Armageddon Averted

The Supreme Court decision in King v. Burwell is notable for its clear-sighted health policy analysis, which recognizes the Affordable Care Act as a “series of interlocking reforms.” It removes the last major cloud of judicial uncertainty hanging over the ACA.
Reversible mechanism for spin crossover in transition-metal cyanides

We report the mechanisms for reversible and repeatable spin transition in a Prussian blue analog crystal, KCo[Fe(CN)${}_{6}$], derived from first-principles calculations. The forward and reverse transitions are initiated by metal-to-metal charge transfer, followed by the $d$-electron rearrangement at the Co center. Further, these transitions are strongly correlated with bond lengths within the crystal lattice. Both aspects of this spin crossover are in quantitative agreement with experiments. Moreover, we find that the presence of H${}_{2}$O molecules within this Prussian blue analog crystal is not essential to trigger spin transitions in such materials.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is an unusual but increasingly frequent brain tumor being identified by neurologists. Considerable improvements in survival have been accomplished by the addition of chemotherapy to cranial radiotherapy. In addition, many patients achieve substantial dis
An analysis of increased vertical scaling in three-dimensional virtual world simulation

In this paper, we describe the analysis of the effect of vertical computational scaling on the performance of a simulation based training prototype currently under development by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. The United States military is interested in facilitating Warfighter training by investigating large-scale realistic virtual operational environments. In order to support expanded training at higher echelons, virtual world simulators need to scale to support more simultaneous client connections, more intelligent agents, and more physics interactions. This work provides an in-depth analysis of a virtual world simulator under different hardware profiles to determine the effect of increased vertical computational scaling.
Time Headway Modeling and Capacity Analysis of Pedestrian Facilities Involving Individuals with Disabilities

Walking infrastructure should be designed to be effective for the needs of all pedestrian groups. Unfortunately, individuals with disabilities are often ignored in pedestrian facility analysis and design because of the lack of data on their walking behavior. A large-scale controlled walking experiment involving individuals with disabilities was conducted at Utah State University to observe individual pedestrian walking behavior on various walking facilities, including a passageway and a bottleneck. The purpose of this study was twofold: to model the time headway between individual types by using a mixed distribution model and to estimate passageway and bottleneck capacities and identify the impact of involving individuals with disabilities on capacity estimation. Analysis revealed that visually impaired individuals and individuals using nonmotorized wheelchairs and walkers caused the minimum capacity reduction on passageways and bottlenecks, whereas individuals using motorized wheelchairs caused the maxim...
Series crimes

Puiseux series are power series in which the exponents can be fractional and/or negative rational numbers. Several computer algebra systems have one or more built-in or loadable functions for computing truncated Puiseux series. Some are generalized to allow coefficients containing functions of the series variable that are dominated by any power of that variable, such as logarithms and nested logarithms of the series variable. Some computer algebra systems also have built-in or loadable functions that compute infinite Puiseux series. Unfortunately, there are some little-known pitfalls in computing Puiseux series. The most serious of these is expansions within branch cuts or at branch points that are incorrect for some directions in the complex plane. For example with each series implementation accessible to you.Compare the value of (z2 + z3)3/2 with that of its truncated series expansion about z = 0, approximated at z = ?0.01. Does the series converge to a value that is the negative of the correct value?Compare the value of ln(z2 + z3) with its truncated series expansion about z = 0, approximated at z = ?0.01 + 0.1i. Does the series converge to a value that is incorrect by 2πi?Compare arctanh(?2 + ln(z)z) with its truncated series expansion about z = 0, approximated at z = ?0.01. Does the series converge to a value that is incorrect by about πi?At the time of this writing, most implementations that accommodate such series exhibit such errors. This article describes how to avoid these errors both for manual derivation of series and when implementing series packages.
IN VIVO MOBILE FLUOROSCOPIC ANALYSES: TRADITIONAL AND MORE CHALLENGING ACTIVITIES FOR SUBJECTS HAVING A TKA

Introduction Recently, a mobile-fluoroscopy unit was developed which can capture subjects performing unconstrained motions, more accurately replicating everyday demands that patients place on their TKA. The objective of this study was to analyze normal knee and various TKA while subjects perform both traditional and more challenging activities while under surveillance of a mobile fluoroscopy unit. Methods Two hundred and seventy-five knees were evaluated using mobile fluoroscopy, which tracks the patient and the joint of interest as they perform a set of activities. Mobile fluoroscopic surveillance was used to investigate patients with customized TKA and off the shelf TKA as well as subjects with posterior stabilized (PS) or posterior cruciate retaining (PCR) TKAs while performing the following activities: (1) deep knee bend, (2) chair-rise, (3) walking up and down steps, (4) normal walking, and/or (5) walking up and down a ramp (Figure 1). The mobile fluoroscopic unit captures images at 60 Hz using a flat panel X-ray detector and the unit follows the patient, using a marker-less system, while the patients perform each activity. Each video was digitized and analyzed to determine the 3D kinematics. Results During more traditional activities, such as a deep knee bend (DKB) and chair-rise (CR), subjects having a customized PCR TKA experienced between 1.2 to 4.5 mm of more lateral condyle posterior femoral rollback (PFR) during a DKB compared to two traditional PCR TKAs, and 1.8 to 4.6 mm of more condylar roll forward during a CR, compared to two traditional TKAs. Interestingly, subjects having a single radius PCR TKA did experience more axial rotation than subjects having a multi-radius PCR TKA or a customized PCR TKA, but subjects having an asymmetric PCR TKA did experience a high incidence of reverse axial rotation. During more challenging activities such as walking up and down stairs and up and down a ramp, subjects having an asymmetric PCR TKA did experience greater sliding of their femoral component, more variability in AP positioning, and the femoral component experienced a higher angular orientation throughout the activity, compared to the other TKA designs. Subjects having a PS TKA did achieve greater rollback of their lateral condyle during a deep knee bend than the PCR TKA, but similar magnitudes of weight-bearing knee flexion. Discussion In this present study, using a mobile fluoroscopy unit, it was determined that subjects having a TKA experienced different kinematic patterns than previously seen with stationary fluoroscopy, especially with respect to axial rotation as some TKA designs revealed a higher incidence of reverse axial rotation. While using a mobile fluoroscopy unit, we were able to assess in vivo kinematics while walking up and down stairs and a ramp, which did reveal higher magnitudes of femoral sliding, possibly due to the patient9s ability to perform these activities in a less constrained environment. Mobile fluoroscopy has proven to be a very valuable tool for assessing a patients “true” motion patterns.
Topic-Continuity and Topic-Shift Effects in Spanish Discourse: A Comparative Analysis of Referring Expressions

Differences in use among referring expressions are usually explained on the basis of the cognitive accessibility of their antecedents, where antecedent accessibility has been operationalized differently in the literature; i.e. as a grammatical role, as syntactic prominence or as antecedent distance. On these grounds, it has been proposed that personal pronouns prefer topical antecedents whereas demonstratives prefer non-topical antecedents. This paper investigates the referring properties of Spanish demonstratives and direct object personal pronouns with the aim to unveil their differences and similarities. My analysis shows that these two expressions are very similar referentially when a narrow view of discourse context is considered. However, important differences show up when a broader notion of context is thrown into the picture; i.e. contexts that extend beyond the immediate previous sentence and beyond the immediate local topic of discourse. Based on my corpus evidence and on previous research on the pragmatic interpretation of referring expressions, I claim that direct object personal pronouns and demonstrative noun phrases crucially differ in the way they contribute to discourse coherence; the former playing the role of topic continuity markers and the latter focalising referents that reintroduce suspended or declining topics and marking (sub)-topic shifts in the discourse.
Tracking Illicit Drug Dealing and Abuse on Instagram Using Multimodal Analysis

Illicit drug trade via social media sites, especially photo-oriented Instagram, has become a severe problem in recent years. As a result, tracking drug dealing and abuse on Instagram is of interest to law enforcement agencies and public health agencies. However, traditional approaches are based on manual search and browsing by trained domain experts, which suffers from the problem of poor scalability and reproducibility. In this article, we propose a novel approach to detecting drug abuse and dealing automatically by utilizing multimodal data on social media. This approach also enables us to identify drug-related posts and analyze the behavior patterns of drug-related user accounts. To better utilize multimodal data on social media, multimodal analysis methods including multi-task learning and decision-level fusion are employed in our framework. We collect three datasets using Instagram and web search engine for training and testing our models. Experiment results on expertly labeled data have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach, as well as its scalability and reproducibility over labor-intensive conventional approaches.
Methodology for Path Planning with Dynamic Data-Driven Flight Capability Estimation

This paper presents methodology to enable path planning for an unmanned aerial vehicle that uses dynamic data-driven flight capability estimation. The main contribution of the work is a general mat...
AMSSM Scientific Statement Concerning Viscosupplementation Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis: Importance for Individual Patient Outcomes

Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling disease that produces severe morbidity reducing physical activity. Our position statement on treatment of knee OA with viscosupplementation injection [hyaluronic acid (HA)] versus steroid [intra-articular corticosteroid (IAS)] and placebo [intra-articular placebo (IAP)] is based on the evaluation of treatment effect by examining the number of subjects within a treatment arm that met the Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials-Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OMERACT-OARSI) criteria, which is different and more relevant than methods used in other reviews which examined if the average change across the treatment groups was clinically different. Data sources We performed a systematic literature search for all relevant articles from 1960 to August 2014 in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL. We performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) of the relevant literature to determine if there is a benefit from HA as compared with IAS and IAP. Main results Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria from the search strategy. On NMA, those subjects receiving HA were 15% and 11% more likely to respond to treatment by the OMERACT-OARSI criteria than those receiving IAS or IAP, respectively (P Conclusions In light of the aforementioned results of our NMA, the American Medical Society for Sport Medicine recommends the use of HA for the appropriate patients with knee OA.
Deep Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Materials

Deep ultraviolet (absorption edge 6.2 eV) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are of current interest owing to their technological applications and materials design challenges. Technologically, the materials are used in laser systems, atto-second pulse generation, semiconductor manufacturing, and photolithography. Designing and synthesizing a deep UV NLO material requires crystallographic non-centrosymmetry, a wide UV transparency range, a large second-harmonic generating coefficient (dij > 0.39 pm/V), moderate birefringence (Δn ∼ 0.07), chemical stability and resistance to laser damage, and ease in the growth of large high-quality single crystals. This review examines the known deep UV NLO materials with respect to their crystal structure, band gap, SHG efficiency, laser damage threshold, and birefringence. Finally, future directions with respect to new deep UV NLO materials are discussed.
The Undisturbed Consolidation Behavior of Clay

Quantitative methods for correcting the results of the laboratory consolidation test for the effects of sample disturbance are presented. These methods are developed by attempting to answer several...
The impact of recent mental health changes on employment: new evidence from longitudinal data

ABSTRACTThis study uses longitudinal data and four different measures of mental health to tease out the impact of psychiatric disorder onsets and recoveries on employment outcomes. Results suggest that developing a mental health problem leads to a significant increase in the probability of transitioning to non-employment, while a recovery increases the probability of return to work among the not employed with a mental health problem. No consistent effect was found on hours worked and earnings. Research and policy attention is needed with respect to early interventions such as job retention programmes to help workers with mental health problems remain employed as well as interventions that may lead to recovery and return to work. More research is needed especially with data and models that can differentiate between the effects of mental health onsets and recoveries on employment exit and return to work transitions.
Total synthesis of actinophenanthroline A

Abstract In this Letter, we describe the first total synthesis of actinophenanthroline A, an alkaloid from a marine actinobacterium with an unprecedented 1,7-phenanthroline core, that has been achieved. Highlights of the protecting-group-free synthesis feature two regioselective nitrosylation/reduction sequences and a Bronsted acid-catalyzed Doebner–Miller reaction. The synthesis required only six linear steps and proceeded in 24.2% overall yield, paving the way for future analog synthesis and biological studies.
Stability theory for nonnegative and compartmental dynamical systems with time delay

Nonnegative and compartmental dynamical system models are derived from mass and energy balance considerations and involve the exchange of nonnegative quantities between subsystems or compartments. These models are widespread in biological and physical sciences and play a key role in understanding these processes. A key physical limitation of such systems is that transfers between compartments is not instantaneous and realistic models for capturing the dynamics of such systems should account for material in transit between compartments. We present necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of nonnegative and compartmental dynamical systems with time delay. Specifically, asymptotic stability conditions for linear and nonlinear as well as continuous-time and discrete-time nonnegative dynamical systems with time delay are established using linear Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals.
Balance sheet effects on monetary and financial spillovers: The East Asian crisis plus 20

Abstract We study how the financial conditions in the Center Economies [the U.S., Japan, and the Euro area] impact other countries over the period 1986 through 2015. Our methodology relies upon a two-step approach. We focus on five possible linkages between the center economies (CEs) and the non-Center economics, or peripheral economies (PHs), and investigate the strength of these linkages. For each of the five linkages, we first regress a financial variable of the PHs on financial variables of the CEs while controlling for global factors. Next, we examine the determinants of sensitivity to the CEs as a function of country-specific macroeconomic conditions and policies, including the exchange rate regime, currency weights, monetary, trade and financial linkages with the CEs, the levels of institutional development, and international reserves. Extending our previous work (Aizenman et al., 2016), we devote special attention to the impact of currency weights in the implicit currency basket, balance sheet exposure, and currency composition of external debt. We find that for both policy interest rates and the real exchange rate (REER), the link with the CEs has been pervasive for developing and emerging market economies in the last two decades, although the movements of policy interest rates are found to be more sensitive to global financial shocks around the time of the emerging markets’ crises in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and since 2008. When we estimate the determinants of the extent of connectivity, we find evidence that the weights of major currencies, external debt, and currency compositions of debt are significant factors. More specifically, having a higher weight on the dollar (or the euro) makes the response of a financial variable such as the REER and exchange market pressure in the PHs more sensitive to a change in key variables in the U.S. (or the euro area) such as policy interest rates and the REER. While having more exposure to external debt would have similar impacts on the financial linkages between the CEs and the PHs, the currency composition of international debt securities does matter. Economies more reliant on dollar-denominated debt issuance tend to be more vulnerable to shocks emanating from the U.S.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease is rare in children: An update from Saudi Arabia

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease is rare in children: An update from Saudi Arabia
Probabilistic rank and matrix rigidity

We consider a notion of probabilistic rank and probabilistic sign-rank of a matrix, which measure the extent to which a matrix can be probabilistically represented by low-rank matrices. We demonstrate several connections with matrix rigidity, communication complexity, and circuit lower bounds. The most interesting outcomes are: The Walsh-Hadamard Transform is Not Very Rigid. We give surprising upper bounds on the rigidity of a family of matrices whose rigidity has been extensively studied, and was conjectured to be highly rigid. For the 2n X 2n Walsh-Hadamard transform Hn (a.k.a. Sylvester matrices, a.k.a. the communication matrix of Inner Product modulo 2), we show how to modify only 2e n entries in each row and make the rank of Hn drop below 2n(1-Ω(e2/log(1/ee))), for all small e > 0, over any field. That is, it is not possible to prove arithmetic circuit lower bounds on Hadamard matrices such as Hn, via L. Valiant's matrix rigidity approach. We also show non-trivial rigidity upper bounds for Hn with smaller target rank. Matrix Rigidity and Threshold Circuit Lower Bounds. We give new consequences of rigid matrices for Boolean circuit complexity. First, we show that explicit n X n Boolean matrices which maintain rank at least 2(logn)1-δ after n2/2(logn)δ/2 modified entries (over any field, for any δ > 0) would yield an explicit function that does not have sub-quadratic-size AC0 circuits with two layers of arbitrary linear threshold gates. Second, we prove that explicit 0/1 matrices over ℝ which are modestly more rigid than the best known rigidity lower bounds for sign-rank would imply exponential-gate lower bounds for the infamously difficult class of depth-two linear threshold circuits with arbitrary weights on both layers. In particular, we show that matrices defined by these seemingly-difficult circuit classes actually have low probabilistic rank and sign-rank, respectively. An Equivalence Between Communication, Probabilistic Rank, and Rigidity. It has been known since Razborov [1989] that explicit rigidity lower bounds would resolve longstanding lower-bound problems in communication complexity, but it seemed possible that communication lower bounds could be proved without making progress on matrix rigidity. We show that for every function f which is randomly self-reducible in a natural way (the inner product mod 2 is an example), bounding the communication complexity of f (in a precise technical sense) is equivalent to bounding the rigidity of the matrix of f, via an equivalence with probabilistic rank.
Forward–backward stochastic differential equations with monotone functionals and mean field games with common noise

Abstract We consider a system of forward–backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) with monotone functionals. We show that such a system is well-posed by the method of continuation similarly to Peng and Wu (1999) for classical FBSDEs. As applications, we prove the well-posedness result for a mean field FBSDE with conditional law and show the existence of a decoupling function. Lastly, we show that mean field games with common noise are uniquely solvable under a linear-convex setting and weak-monotone cost functions and prove that the optimal control is in a feedback form depending only on the current state and conditional law.
Parasitic momentum flux in the tokamak core

A geometrical correction to the E×B drift causes an outward flux of co-current momentum whenever electrostatic potential energy is transferred to ion parallel flows. The robust, fully nonlinear symmetry breaking follows from the free-energy flow in phase space and does not depend on any assumed linear eigenmode structure. The resulting rotation peaking is counter-current and scales as temperature over plasma current. This peaking mechanism can only act when fluctuations are low-frequency enough to excite ion parallel flows, which may explain some recent experimental observations related to rotation reversals.
Gendered Sources of Distress and Resilience among Afghan Refugees in Northern California: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Recent studies have emphasized the influence of resettlement factors on the mental health of refugees resettling in developed countries. However, little research has addressed gender differences in the nature and influence of resettlement stressors and sources of resilience. We address this gap in knowledge by investigating how gender moderates and mediates the influence of several sources of distress and resilience among 259 Afghan refugees residing in Northern California (USA). Gender moderated the effects of four factors on levels of distress. Intimate and extended family ties have little correlation with men’s distress levels, but are strongly associated with lower distress for women. English ability is positively associated with lower distress for women, but not men. In terms of gender ideology, traditionally oriented women and egalitarian men have lower levels of distress. And experiencing greater dissonant acculturation increases distress for men, but not women. The influence of gender interaction terms is substantial and patterns may reflect difficulty adapting to a different gender order. Future studies of similar populations should investigate gender differences in sources of distress and resilience, and efforts to assist new arrivals might inform them of changes in gender roles they may experience, and facilitate opportunities to renegotiate gender roles.
On graphs, conic relations, and input-output stability of nonlinear feedback systems

This paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of general interconnected dynamical systems. The results are expressed in terms of the graphs of the interconnection's subsystems. Conditions for robustness of stability for an interconnection with additive disturbances are also provided. Finally, the paper gives sufficient conditions for stability using conic sector conditions that generalize earlier conditions and that incorporate a recent nonlinear small gain idea.
Starving leukemia to induce differentiation.

A new study shows that fasting induces the differentiation and elimination of some types of leukemia in mice, which implicates fasting or its mimetics as a novel strategy for the treatment of this disease.
Option Values and Endogenous Uncertainty in ESOPs, MBOs and Asset-Backed Loans

We consider contracts to purchase assets by means of streams of payments over time, with the asset as security. These give the purchaser an option not present if all payment is made up front, the option of stopping payments and delivering the asset in satisfaction of the remaining debt. We argue that the value inherent in such options explains the attractions of asset-backed loans, employee stock option plans and MBOs.
A high-speed integrated Schottky diode transistor logic circuit

The high-speed performance of saturated logic circuits are generally limited by collector storage time, Gold diffusion is commonly used to minimize minority-carrier lifetime, at the expense of increased junction leakage currents and increased collector resistance. This paper describes the use of compatible aluminum-silicon Schottky diodes connected in parallel with collector-base junctions. In this configuration the excess base current flows almost entirely through the Schottky diode resulting in a considerable reduction of the transistor storage time and eliminating the need for gold diffusion.
How Do Patents Affect Research Investments

Although patent systems have been widely used both historically and internationally, there is nonetheless a tremendous amount of controversy over whether patent systems, in practice, improve the alignment between private returns and social contributions. In this article, I describe three parameters—how the disclosure function affects research investments, how patent strength affects research investments in new technologies, and how patents on existing technologies affect follow-on innovation—needed to inform the question of how patents affect research investments, and review the available evidence that has attempted to empirically estimate these parameters.
The hybrid k-deck problem: Reconstructing sequences from short and long traces

We introduce a new variant of the k-deck problem, which in its traditional formulation asks for determining the smallest k that allows one to reconstruct any binary sequence of length n from the multiset of its k-length subsequences. In our version of the problem, termed the hybrid k-deck problem, one is given a certain number of special subsequences of the sequence of length n − t, t > 0, and the question of interest is to determine the smallest value of k such that the k-deck, along with the subsequences, allows for reconstructing the original sequence in an error-free manner. We first consider the case that one is given a single subsequence of the sequence of length n − t, obtained by deleting zeros only, and seek the value of k that allows for hybrid reconstruction. We prove that in this case, k ∊ [log t + 2, min{t + 1, O(√n)}]. We then proceed to extend the single-subsequence setup to the case where one is given M subsequences of length n − t obtained by deleting zeroes only. In this case, we first aggregate the asymmetric traces and then invoke the single-trace results. The analysis and problem at hand are motivated by nanopore sequencing problems for DNA-based data storage.
White-beam X-ray diffraction and radiography studies on high-boron-containing borosilicate glass at high pressures

ABSTRACTMulti-angle energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction studies and white-beam X-ray radiography were conducted with a cylindrically shaped (1 mm diameter and 0.7 mm high) high-boron-content borosilicate glass sample (17.6% B2O3) to a pressure of 13.7 GPa using a Paris-Edinburgh (PE) press at Beamline 16-BM-B, HPCAT of the Advanced Photon Source. The measured structure factor S(q) to large q = 19 A−1 is used to determine information about the internuclear bond distances between various species of atoms within the glass sample. Sample pressure was determined with gold as a pressure standard. The sample height as measured by radiography showed an overall uniaxial compression of 22.5% at 13.7 GPa with 10.6% permanent compaction after decompression to ambient conditions. The reduced pair distribution function G(r) was extracted and Si–O, O–O and Si–Si bond distances were measured as a function of pressure. Raman spectroscopy of the pressure recovered sample as compared to starting material showed blue-shift a...
The Intervening Role of Urgency on the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment, PTSD, and Substance-Related Problems

A range of risk factors lead to opioid use and substance-related problems (SRP) including childhood maltreatment, elevated impulsivity, and psychopathology. These constructs are highly interrelated such that childhood maltreatment is associated with elevated impulsivity and trauma-related psychopathology such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and impulsivity-particularly urgency-and PTSD are related. Prior work has examined the association between these constructs and substance-related problems independently and it is unclear how these multi-faceted constructs (i.e., maltreatment types and positive and negative urgency) are associated with one another and SRP. The current study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relations among childhood maltreatment, trait urgency, PTSD symptoms, and SRP in a sample of individuals with a history of opioid use. An initial model that included paths from each type of childhood maltreatment, positive and negative urgency, PTSD and SRP did not fit the data well. A pruned model with excellent fit was identified that suggested emotional abuse, positive urgency, and negative urgency were directly related to PTSD symptoms and only PTSD symptoms were directly related to SRP. Furthermore, significant indirect effects suggested that emotional abuse and negative urgency were related to SRP via PTSD symptom severity. These results suggest that PTSD plays an important role in the severity of SRP.
Regional variation in rates of pediatric perforated appendicitis

Abstract Background While trends in perforated appendicitis (PA) rates have been studied, regional variability in pediatric admissions for PA remains unknown. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of the 2006–2012 Kids' Inpatient Database was conducted to examine variation in PA admission rates by region of the United States and insurance status. PA rates were calculated and reported as per 1000 admissions in accordance with national quality measure specifications. Results National PA rates per 1000 admissions for 2006, 2009, and 2012 were 313.9, 279.2, and 309.1, respectively. Similarly, all regions demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in PA rates between 2006 and 2009 (p Conclusions For children with appendicitis, geographic region and insurance status appear to be associated with perforation upon presentation. Understanding regional variation in pediatric PA rates may inform health policymakers in the constantly evolving insurance coverage landscape. Levels of evidence rating Level III Treatment Study — Retrospective comparative study of appendicitis presentation in children by region of the country.
THE MULTIPLY REVISED KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: END GAME

The moderator will lead a structured panel discussion that explores how to manage challenges commonly found in the multiply revised knee. Topics covered will include: (1) Exposure in the multiply operated knee (when to use quad snip, tibial tubercle osteotomy, other techniques); (2) Level of constraint (when to use posterior stabilised, constrained condylar, and hinge) and management of instability in multiply operated knees; (3) Management of bone loss in multiply operated knees (metal cones/sleeves vs. structural allograft vs. particulate graft); (4) Preferred management of infection in the multiply operated knee; (5) When is it time to convert to a salvage procedure (i.e. fusion, resection arthroplasty, amputation)?
Spectral selectivity in capillary dye lasers

The free spectral range (FSR) of the spectral features in a fluidic capillary dye laser appears considerably larger than what is expected from a Fabry-Perot cavity analysis. We theoretically explain the reason behind this phenomenon.