cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Superparasitism of larval hosts by the walnut fly, Rhagoletis juglandis , and its implications for female and offspring performance

The oviposition-preference–offspring-performance hypothesis predicts that female insects should prefer to deposit clutches on or in hosts that maximize offspring performance. An important assumption behind this prediction is that female fitness is tightly correlated with the fitness of any one offspring. In this study, we evaluate offspring performance in the walnut fly, Rhagoletis juglandis Cresson (Diptera: Tephritidae), in relation to a previously described oviposition preference for previously exploited host fruit. In particular, we examined how superparasitism of walnut hosts influences offspring survival and weight at pupation under field conditions. We found that superparasitism was common and that increases in larval densities within fruit were associated with reduced larval survival and weight at pupation. In a laboratory experiment, female size was correlated with lifetime fecundity. In this system, oviposition preference is therefore negatively, not positively, correlated with offspring performance. We argue that patterns of female preference in this system reflect direct benefits to females that are traded off against costs in terms of offspring fitness. Because female fitness is a product not only of offspring quality but also of the total number of offspring produced, female walnut flies may be optimizing their fitness by producing many less fecund offspring. Studies examining the preference-performance hypothesis should consider the reproductive conflicts between parents and offspring as potential factors that influence the congruence between parental preference and offspring performance.
Culture and Cognitive Growth

Abstract Culture et progres cognitif. — L'article est consacte a la relation entre differences culturelles et progres cognitif. Apres avok passe en revue et critique les tentatives anterieures d'approche anthropologique et psychologique du probleme, les AA. etudient deux foyers de variations culturelles, a savoir l'orientation des valeurs et le langage, dans leur rapport avec le developpement. Une grande partie des faits sur lesquels ils s'appuient provient de recherches experimentales sur la conservation de la quantite et la formation des concepts chez les Wolofs du Senegal. Ils discutent, en terminant, de l'interaction des contraintes culturelles qui sont variables et de la maturation biologique qui est universelle.
Some novel approaches to the design and synthesis of peptide–catecholamine conjugates

A series of novel, functionalized catecholamines (congeners) has been synthesized in which, formalistically, the N-isopropyl group of isoproterenol has been extended by a linear alkyl chain of varying length, terminated by a carboxyl group. Model amide derivatives have also been prepared in order to optimize the biological activity of these derivatives and also to aid in the design of appropriate peptides for the synthesis of conjugates. As a result of these studies, a series of amino acid and monodisperse peptide carriers, containing p-aminophenylalanine as the point of attachment for the drug, was prepared, together with the corresponding conjugates. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the congeners, model amides, and conjugates has demonstrated that the biological activity of these derivatives is extremely sensitive to structural modifications at a point far-removed from the pharmacophore, in both the congener amide and conjugate series. A number of the model amides and conjugates have proven to be highly active when tested in both in vitro and in vivo test systems. The implications of these results in terms of a novel structure–activity approach to drug design are discussed.
Aggression and Bullying in the Workplace: It’s the Position of the Perpetrator that Influences Employees’ Reactions and Sanctioning Ratings

While research has identified the causes and consequences of workplace aggression and bullying, little research has examined the factors that shape employee responses to aggression and bullying. In the present paper two studies are conducted in a healthcare setting to determine the factors that shape perceptions of aggression and bullying and how those perceptions subsequently influence employee reactions and sanctioning ratings. Empowerment, well-being, and communication satisfaction are examined to determine their moderating influence on reactions and sanctioning ratings to the incidents of aggression and bullying. The findings indicate that perpetrator type influences perceptions of aggression, that employees address incidents of aggression differently than incidents of bullying, and that empowerment and well-being moderate the relationship between perceptions of aggression and bullying and the subsequent reactions and sanctioning recommendations employees make.
Propositions: Individuation and Invirtuation

The pressure to individuate propositions more finely than intensionally—that is, hyper-intensionally—has two distinct sources. One source is the philosophy of mind: one can believe a proposition without believing an intensionally equivalent proposition. The second source is metaphysics: there are intensionally equivalent propositions, such that one proposition is true in virtue of the other but not vice versa. I focus on what our theory of propositions should look like when it's guided by metaphysical concerns about what is true in virtue of what. In this paper I articulate and defend a metaphysical theory of the individuation of propositions, according to which two propositions are identical just in case they occupy the same nodes in a network of invirtuation relations. Invirtuation is here taken to be a primitive relation of metaphysical explanation exemplified by propositions that, in conjunction with truth, defines the notion of true in virtue of. After formulating the theory, I compare it with a view...
Balance Performance, Force Production, and Activity Levels in Noninstitutionalized Men 60 to 90 Years of Age

The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze balance and muscle performance data obtained from 54 men aged 60 to 90 years. Balance was tested using the sharpened Romberg test (SR) and the one-legged stance test (OLST) on each foot with eyes open and eyes closed. A strain-gauge-based quantitative muscle tester (QMT) was used to measure force production. All torque values were normalized as a percentage of body weight. A self-report of activity level also was recorded. The results indicated that OLST scores and normalized torques of the hip flexors, extensors, and abductors had a positive correlation and that SR scores and normalized torques of the hip extensors and right hip abductors had a positive correlation. Subjects who considered themselves to be very active had a significantly higher SR eyes-closed balance time as compared with those who rated themselves as less active. Subjects who considered themselves to be very active also had significantly higher normalized torque values for most muscle groups tested. Negative relationships were shown between age and balance time and between age and force production.
Intergenerational Dialogue to Reduce Prejudice

Abstract Residential segregation has severely limited racial integration in public schools andracial hostility and prejudice continue to exist within society. Studies demonstrate that youth may be unprepared as future leaders in dealing with the social justice issues ofa diverse and global economy. Interventions to promote positive civic participation and mutual understanding between groups are essential ingredients for community building and social renewal. Theory suggests an intergenerational dialogic model may provide an effective framework to reduce prejudice among youth. A conceptual model for an intervention is presented. Descriptions of a pilot program and an elaboration of the model for future interventions are included.
The Path to Leveraging Difference: Seeing, Understanding, and Valuing Difference

Do you feel invisible when you attend meetings? Are you afraid to speak openly around people different from you, fearing that one misstep will label you a racist? If we are too afraid to ask simple questions about each other, we'll never know anything and will work under assumptions that may or may not be true. The influx of diversity in the workplace has brought a challenging set of managerial problems. Managers who handle these situations must be skillful in dealing with feedback, conflict, and talent assessment, but they must also be skilled in dealing with difference. This technical note explores leveraging difference and the path one can take to develop skills essential to leveraging difference. This note works well with "Leaders Who Make a Difference: Critical Skills for Leading a Diverse Workforce" (UVA-OB-0676).
External Flow: Fluid Dynamic Forces Acting on Moving Bodies

When humans exercise, birds fly, fish swim, animals run, and trees sway, we want to know the forces they experience. The calculation of the forces they experience from the surrounding fluid is the realm of fluid dynamics. In this chapter we present the classical theory. In the next chapter we discuss flying and swimming in nature.
On the Road to ‘Some' Place: Sofia Coppola’s Dissident Modernism Against a Postmodern Landscape

Sofia Coppola’s enigmatic film, Somewhere , has met with conflicting responses from critics who attempt to label it a “European” film. Yet, as I argue, the film may be best understood not in its relationship to European cinema, but, rather, its relation to philosophical debates between modernism and postmodernism, to American film history, and, even more importantly, to one of the oldest and most dominant tropes in US culture —that of the hobo-hero. I begin by explaining the background of the figure of the hobo-hero, and its relationship to modernism, and then return to look at the manner in which Coppola draws upon this image in order to invoke (and comment upon) American identity, the postmodern culture of Los Angeles/Hollywood, and questions that are central to the discourse of philosophical modernism. Towards the end of the article, I draw upon the work of Marshall Berman in order to question whether there is a way in which the hobo-hero can allow modernism to openly defy postmodernism itself, even while expressing and exploring a postmodern landscape, a postmodern world. Perhaps surprisingly, I argue that such a question may be best answered by Sofia Coppola’s fourth feature film.
Pest Management: A Student Commentary on Contemporary Problems

By the year 2000, there may be over 6 billion people in the world. Unless it is controlled, urban development will increasingly overrun more of what we consider today to be our best agricultural land. The world population will only be able to feed itself in the future if man has the ability to drive a maximum yield from crop plants and animals produced on limited land resources (Mc-Kelvey 1969) and reduce the human population increase. Future demands for space, food, and fiber, combined with the concern for environmental quality, will impose new constraints on pest control specialists. Nickel (1973), however, stated that intensification of land use in most areas of the world may result in a depletion of soil fertility, soil erosion, deterioration of soil physical properties, uncontrolled weed growth, and increased pest insect and disease problems.
Structure, Class, and Career: The Problem of Bureaucracy and Society in Russia, 1801-1917

The problem of explaining the process of development of the Russian bureaucracy in the nineteenth century has been eased substantially by the appearance within the last ten years of an extraordinary collection of studies. Some of these have concen- trated on individuals, but by far the most important group of works (Amburger, 1966; Armstrong, 1959, 1973; Orlovsky, 1981; Pintner, 1970, 1975, 1980a, 1980b; Troitskii, 1974; Torke, 1967; Zaionchkovskii, 1964, 1974, 1975, 1978) has dealt with institu- tions and with groups of bureaucrats. Other interesting and helpful essays that summarize or synthesize the many individual findings have also appeared e.g., Raeff (1979), Field (1979), Orlovsky (1976).
Surgical Treatment of the Knee in Cerebral Palsy

We reported the results of surgical treatment of the knee in cerebral palsy. Release of the flexors, extensors, and combined release of the flexors and extensors were performed to treat such disorders as flexion or extension deformities of the knee, toe-in gait, ipsilateral hip dislocation, genu recurvatum, and rigidity of the knee.Forty-three cases with sixty-two knees, thirty-two men and eleven women, were reviewed. The mean age at operation was 12.2 (range from 3 to 40) and the average follow-up period was 2 years and 1 month (range from 6 months to 6 years).Release of the flexors in flexion deformity of the knee and release of the extensors showed almost good results. Combined release of the flexors and extensors was mainly performed for patients who had toe-in gait and hip dislocation. Toe-in gait remained unchanged, but hip dislocation and other disorders were managed well. Genu recurvatum, which had been annoying after release of the flexors, was infrequent after combined release of the flexors and extensors.
The impact of educational experiences on nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward people with Alzheimer's disease: A mixed method study.

Abstract Background As the population ages, the effects of Alzheimer's disease will be felt by all nurses. Providing proper care for people with Alzheimer's disease is difficult and requires specific skills, attitudes, and knowledge. Limited data exists regarding nursing students' attitudes and knowledge toward people with Alzheimer's disease, whether undergraduate education prepares students to care for this population, or the best methods to support students in learning in an innovative and interactive environment. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different educational experiences on nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward people with Alzheimer's disease and to explore nursing students' knowledge and attitudes surrounding the care of people with Alzheimer's disease. Design A convergent mixed method design. A three group (Alzheimer's disease clinical experience, online learning module, and no dementia-specific intervention), pretest and posttest design served as the quantitative arm of the study. A focus group discussion with themes extracted served as the qualitative piece of the study. Setting College of Nursing in North Texas. Participants Convenience sample of 94 senior level nursing students enrolled in the undergraduate nursing program's Community Health course. Method Students completed pre and posttest surveys which included Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale, Dementia Attitudes Scale, and demographic questionnaire. Content analysis was conducted on focus group responses to qualitative interview questions. Results The Alzheimer's disease clinical group experienced increased knowledge and improved attitudes toward people with Alzheimer's disease compared with students who completed the online module or had no dementia-specific intervention. Four themes emerged from focus group data: Basic Alzheimer's disease knowledge, need for Alzheimer's disease experiential learning, negative feelings related to behaviors, and appropriate responses to behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Conclusion Experiential learning in the form of clinical placements increased knowledge and improved attitudes about Alzheimer's disease compared with an online module and no dementia-specific intervention.
The US National Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education Measurement and Assessment Collection.

Since 1999, the pace of change and transformation of the United States (U.S.) healthcare delivery system has exponentially increased since the publication of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) “Trilog...
Optimal synchronization based on anchor phase linear regression for self-interference cancellation in software-defined-radio fiber-wireless systems

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a synchronization method based on the linear regression of phase response over an anchor downlink band to provide optimal suppression for self-interference cancellation in centralized software-defined-radio fiber-wireless systems.
Completely positive reformulations of polynomial optimization problems with linear constraints

A polynomial optimization problem (POP) is an optimization problem in which both the objective and constraints can be written in terms of polynomials on the decision variables. Recently, it has been shown that under appropriate assumptions POPs can be reformulated as conic problems over the cone of completely positive tensors; which generalize the set of completely positive matrices. Here, we show that by explicitly handling the linear constraints in the formulation of the POP, one obtains a generalization of the completely positive reformulation of quadratically constrained quadratic programs recently introduced by Bai et al. (Math Program 1–28, 2016).
Inserción del DIU postparto en el Perú: Experiencia en nueve hospitales

This paper presents different strategies available for the delivery of family planning services, and describes in detail post partum contraception with emphasis in the intrauterine device (IUD). It presents the world and national experiences and the results of the first operative research performed in the country in nine public hospitals (5 from in the Peruvian Social Security Institute and 4 from the Ministry of Health). The study compares the results obtained in the surveys during prenatal and post partum care and the follow up carried out in an aleatory sample of patients and users. The results reveal the strategv is acceptable, safe and cost effective, and will increase prevalence of long lasting methods with low failure rates. Notwithstanding there is a highly unsatisffied demand to limit or space and births, there are myths and fears in relation with different contraceptive methods that require better information and counseling in family planning.
A Case of Spinal Cord Stimulator Recharging Interruption in Wound Healing.

Objectives To illustrate the obstacles and problems with electrical fields (EFs) in treatment and management of skin wounds. Unlike the literature that gives evidence for EF promoting wound healing, there is relatively little research to illustrate the interference of wound healing with EFs. Materials and Methods This is a case report of a patient who underwent spinal cord stimulator implantation, and presented with delayed wound healing postoperatively. Postoperative workup for infection was negative. Spinal cord stimulator was programmed to use higher frequencies than traditional settings, which required recharging the pulse generator daily. There was spontaneous improvement of the clinical presentation resulting in adequate wound healing after changing the programming to less frequent recharging requirements. Results In our case, despite the presence of clinical signs similar to a surgical site infection, the wound healing was most likely interrupted and delayed secondary to the electric field generated due to the frequent recharges of the pulse generator. Conclusions It is possible that EF can also negatively impact healing of a wound, and thus should be a consideration to clinicians when a delay in proper wound healing is encountered postoperatively. Therefore, in the postoperative period, when the wound healing is most active, we recommend avoiding programs that require frequent pulse generator recharges.
Marine species distribution modelling and the effects of genetic isolation under climate change

AIM: Coral reefs are experiencing both an increasing frequency and intensity of anomalously warm ocean temperatures because of climate change. Studies show that the majority of coral populations will likely decline as temperatures continue to increase, although some previous species‐distribution models predict that ubiquitous species, such as the primary reef‐building coral species Porites lobata, will increase their distribution under projected climate change. These predictive models, however, assume that all individuals of a population are able to tolerate the entire range of environmental conditions within the species’ geographic range. The effects of genetic isolation and local adaptation are not considered in species‐distribution models that assume genetically contiguous populations. We aim to determine the effects of genetic isolation and local adaptation in species‐distribution modelling of the ubiquitous species P. lobata under three climate change scenarios by comparing contiguous and isolated subpopulations. LOCATION: Indian and Pacific Oceans. METHODS: We ran a novel species‐distribution model for P. lobata, segregated as five geographically isolated regions across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and examined the species response to three climate‐change scenarios (i.e., A2, A1B and B1, most recently considered as Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5, 6.0, and 4.5 Wm⁻²) by the year 2100. RESULTS: In contrast with previous homogeneous species‐distribution models that predict a global expansion of P. lobata, (˜5 ± 1%), we predict major losses of suitable habitat for P. lobata in four of the five regions examined, particularly in the central Pacific Ocean (>99% ± <0.1% for all climate scenarios). Indeed, when geographic and genetic isolation were considered, our predictions suggested that P. lobata would lose between 50–52 ± 4% of its habitat, depending on the climate‐change scenario, mainly in the Pacific Ocean. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Genetic isolation will likely play a major role in the persistence of coral species under climate change, and small isolated populations may be more vulnerable to climate change than populations in large, highly connected regions.
Physiology of the Endocrine System and Metabolic Complications in Anesthesia

This chapter describes the current knowledge of the physiology of the endocrine system and related homeostatic mechanisms. This chapter explores the mechanisms of hormone synthesis, release, and feedback control. Common endocrine diseases and their presenting symptoms are discussed. The chapter includes mechanisms behind disease states as well as common treatments. This information is blended together to create a discussion of anesthetic considerations and management concerns that anesthesiologists may face when caring for patients undergoing surgery for endocrine and non-endocrine based maladies.
Public Health's Aspirational Identity: Who Do We Want to Be?

An editorial is presented which addresses what the authors refer to as the aspirational identity of U.S. public health, and it mentions an American public health and national identity crisis, life expectancy, and population health. The social aspects of medical care are examined, along with the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the rights of immigrants and LGBT people in America. Social movements, lawyers, and law students in the U.S. are assessed.
Osteodiskitis of Lumbar Spine Due to Migrated Fractured Inferior Vena Cava Filter.

Background Venous thromboembolism can be a significant cause of morbidity in the trauma population. Medical and surgical specialties have been pushing the indication for prophylactic filter placement. Case Description A 36-year-old man presented with axial lower back pain with a radicular right L2 component after lifting a heavy object. He had a history of penetrating brain trauma 3 years prior, with placement of a prophylactic inferior vena cava filter. His radiograph, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine showed fracture of his filter, with migration of the fractured fragment through the inferior vena cava and into the L2-L3 disk space, and surrounding bony lysis and severe osteodiskitis. He was treated medically with intravenous and then oral antibiotics and improved clinically and radiographically. Conclusions Conservative use of filter devices and early retrieval once their indication expires are paramount to avoid unnecessary complications.
Purely sequential bounded-risk point estimation of the negative binomial means under various loss functions: Multi-sample problems

A negative binomial (NB) distribution is often used to model over dispersed count data arising from areas including ecology, agriculture, health, etc. We have designed purely sequential bounded-ris...
The Impact of 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Use for Male Pattern Hair Loss on Men's Health.

Male pattern hair loss, mediated by dihydrotestosterone, is a common hair loss disorder, affecting over 50% of men over the age of 50. The 5-α reductase inhibitors, finasteride and dutasteride, are Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for the treatment of this disorder. Several recent studies have reported adverse sexual and spermatogenic events among young men using 5-α reductase inhibitors, such as erectile dysfunction, decreased ejaculate volume, decreased libido, and infertility. In this review, we summarize and analyze the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of these medications, with an overall focus on men’s health. Finasteride for the treatment of male pattern hair loss was considered safe according to many previous clinical trials. However, these trials have been recently criticized for inadequate safety reporting. Comprehensive review of the current literature reveals that there is a disproportionately high number of men with 5-α reductase inhibitor-associated sexual dysfunction and infertility. Although uncommon, the use of 5-α reductase inhibitors is associated with serious and persistent sexual and reproductive side effects, such as erectile dysfunction, decreased ejaculate volume, decreased libido, and infertility.
Solid-State Chemistry

Of the three states of matter, solids possess the most structural diversity. Whereas gases and liquids consist of discrete molecules that are randomly distributed due to thermal motion, solids consist of molecules, atoms, or ions that are statically positioned. To fully understand the properties of solid materials, one must have a thorough knowledge of the structural interactions between the subunit atoms, ions, and molecules. This chapter will outline the various types of solids, including structural classifications and nomenclature for both crystalline and amorphous solids. The material in this key chapter will set the groundwork for the rest of this textbook, which describes a variety of materials classes.
Management of the Percutaneous Puncture Site

Over the past quarter century there has been rapid growth of percutaneous endovascular procedures. The estimated total amount of open and endovascular cardiac and vascular surgery procedures is close to 7 million per year [1]. According to the American Heart Association’s Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics, approximately 1,285,000 angioplasty procedures were performed in 2004 [1]. The number of stents placed annually is now well over 1 million per year with 615,000 coronary stents, 400,000 peripheral stents, and 40,000 stents for renal artery stenosis, in addition to stents at other sites [1, 2, 3]. Endovascular procedures are performed in venues ranging from operating rooms to catheterization laboratories and are performed by a wide array of specialists including interventional radiologists, neurosurgeons, cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, and vascular surgeons. Furthermore, these procedures are commonly performed all over the body: cerebral, carotid, subclavian, coronary, mesenteric, renal, and peripheral arteries. The common gradient in all these procedures is the percutaneous puncture site.
The Medicalization of Execution: Lethal Injection in the United States

Since its introduction in the United States in 1977, lethal injection has supplanted other methods (firing squad, hanging, lethal gas, and electrocution) and has virtually become the sole method of execution.2 The apparent clinical nature of the method seems to appeal to the public—to observers, it looks like putting down a dog, one injection and it’s over, quickly and painlessly. The reality is far different. Over the past several years the method has received close scrutiny from the courts and the press. Consequently, as of early 2007, eleven states have temporarily suspended executions while medical, regulatory, and legal issues surrounding the method are thrashed out. During this recent period of challenges, volumes of data and documentation about the actual conduct of lethal injection have highlighted the medical nature of the procedure and the need for the participation of qualified medical personnel. Not previously available, this information has demonstrated significant inadequacies in the staffing and conduct of many executions by lethal injection. In many cases, the personnel so inadequately understand the medical underpinnings of the procedure that they fail to take important steps to ensure that executions reliably comply with the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel punishment or with contemporary standards of decency. Interestingly, despite the intense active public scrutiny, lethal injection procedures continue to be botched in foreseeable and visible ways and it has become increasingly clear that inmates can and do suffer consciously during execution. This paper aims to provide a “nuts and bolts” explanation and depiction of the medical and scientific mechanics of lethal injection. Most of the source information derives from material produced during litigation in which the author served, or is serving, as an expert witness for plaintiffs who are litigating in civil court to remedy perceived deficiencies in the lethal injection procedures employed by various state departments of corrections. Of note, the author has in the past and will in the future receive compensation for many, but not all, of these legal cases. Further, it is important to recognize that some Chapter 7
Chameleon: A Generalized Reconfigurable Open-Source Architecture for Deep Neural Network Training

We present Chameleon, an architecture for neural network training and inference design exploration on FPGAs. While there exists a great number of different network types and optimizations, it is not always clear how these differences impact the hardware implementation of neural networks. Chameleon is created with extensibility and experimentation in mind, supporting a number of activations, neuron types, and signal bitwidths. Furthermore, Chameleon is created to be modular, allowing designers to easily swap existing parts for improved ones, speeding up research iteration. While there exists a large number of inference architectures, we focus on speeding up training, as training time is the bottleneck for neural network architecture exploration. Chameleon therefore aims to help researchers better understand the bottlenecks in training deep neural networks and create models that circumvent these barriers. Finally, Chameleon is designed to be simple, without requiring a compiler or reconfiguration to function. This allows quick localized changes to the architecture and facilitates design exploration. We present synthesis results on an Altera Cyclone V SoC and show the design resource usage. We finish with an evaluation by training a network on the Wisconsin Breast Cancer dataset. The RTL and synthesis files for the architecture will be open-sourced upon publication at http://ascslab.org/research/abc/chameleon/index.html.
A Nested-Spring Metamaterial Unit Cell for Broadband Mechanically-Tunable Effective ∊

This paper presents a novel nested-spring metamaterial unit cell that achieves broadband mechanically-tunable effective permittivity using compression and expansion of the spring-based unit cell structures. These structures are shown in simulation to be capable of producing relative effective permittivities ranging from 1.06 to 7.04 at the low end of the frequency range, with variation less than 10% from 2 MHz to 106 MHz. At the upper end of this frequency range, the electrical size of the unit cells is λ/57.
Implications for small-system collectivity from a comprehensive set of soft physics measurements in 200 GeV p+Au collisions by PHENIX

Abstract Proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions play an important role as a control system for interpreting hot nuclear matter effects in nucleus-nucleus (A+A) collisions. There is a large amount of data from both RHIC and the LHC that indicate that collective effects are also present in small systems. Understanding the origin of these effects is still incomplete, since a variety of models with very different underlying physics have been shown to describe p+A data. We present a comprehensive set of measurements of soft-physics observables and comparisons with theoretical models. These measurements include multi-particle correlations as a function of event multiplicity, ν2(pT) and ν3(pT) for inclusive charged particles at mid-rapidity, ν2(pT) for hadrons at forward/backward rapidities, and the centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of inclusive ν2. The implications for the origin of collectivity in p+Au collisions at RHIC is discussed.
Abstract TP95: Whole Brain Gray Matter Structural Changes Following Stroke

Background: Changes in cortical gray matter volume is associated with cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke. Here, we investigated the differences of whole brain gray matter volume and gray ma...
How Feeling Guilty About Money Affects Spending Decisions: Cleansing the Money or Redeeming Oneself?

In this research, we examine how consumers react to receiving money that makes them feel morally uncomfortable and guilty. Whereas prior research suggests that feelings of guilt can trigger a wide variety of pro-social and self-improving compensatory actions, we find that money tainted with moral guilt triggers a remarkably specific reaction. Across eight studies, we find that feeling guilty about money as a result of a moral failure, increases pro-social spending of that tainted money (such as charitable donations), but does not increase self-improvement consumption, pro-social spending of time, or even pro-social spending of other, untainted money. We propose that the exclusive effect on pro-social spending of the tainted money results from both (1) the moral nature of the guilt and (2) its association with the money. In further support of this conjecture, we find that guilt attached to money does increase self-improvement consumption when it is non-moral in nature (i.e., resulting from a private self-control failure), and that moral guilt does increase pro-social spending of time when it is not attached to money. We conclude that participants who feel guilty about the money act as if they aim to cleanse the morally tainted money rather than redeem themselves.
Analysis and Design of Super-Sensitive Stacked (S 3 ) Resonators for Low-Noise Pitch/Roll Gyroscopes

We report a novel stacked balanced resonator structure and present the design of MEMS pitch/roll gyroscopes that utilize this stacked resonator. In this structure, two similar device layers are stacked, thus providing a balanced vertical resonator with significantly reduced anchor loss for out-of-plane (Le., the plane where the two resonators are attached) motion. Reducing the anchor loss allows one to increase the thickness of resonator layers, which leads to smaller thermoelastic dissipation and larger effective mass. A large-scale model of a stacked resonator is fabricated and tested, which proves that out-of-plane $Q$ can be improved by $>50\times$ when resonators are stacked. The design of a new stacked pitch/roll gyroscope is also presented and our analysis shows that this novel design could potentially provide noise of $\sim 1.5\times 10^{-10\circ}/\surd \mathrm{hr}$ .
A Less-Invasive Window Design for Lateral Wall Maxillary Sinus Augmentations

The purpose of this article is to compare the larger (8 × 10-mm single implant and 15 × 20-mm multiple implant) lateral window designs used in the sinus elevation procedure with a newly proposed, less-invasive window design and discuss the advantages and limitations of the new design. The less-invasive window designs differ from the larger window designs in both the size and shape of lateral windows. Following creation of a round-window osteotomy, the quality of the sinus membrane and its ability to be elevated are assessed. The initial window can then be enlarged as a vertical oval window for a single implant or a horizontal oval window for multiple implants. The advantages of these window designs include the preservation of the lateral walls, blood supply to bone grafts, and better containment of the graft material. The limitations of these window designs are decreased visibility, accessibility for correcting a membrane perforation, and access for draining a sinus infection if one occurs. These complications necessitate increasing the size of the window as needed for successful treatment. The proposed less-invasive window design provides distinct advantages for a successful sinus elevation procedure and decreased patient morbidity.
UNIT 19.3 Phage-Based Expression Cloning to Identify Interacting Proteins

Interaction cloning (also known as expression cloning) is a technique to identify and clone genes which encode proteins that interact with a protein of interest, or “bait” protein. The procedure presented in this unit involves a fusion protein consisting of bait protein and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) with a protein kinase A site at the junction between them (the protocol can, however, be adapted to use other PKA-containing recombinant proteins). The labeled protein is subsequently used as a probe to screen a l bacteriophage-derived cDNA expression library, which expresses b -galactosidase fusion proteins that contain in-frame gene fusions. The phages lyse cells, form plaques, and release fusion proteins that are adsorbed onto nitrocellulose membrane filters. The filters are blocked with excess nonspecific protein to eliminate nonspecific binding and probed with the radiolabeled bait protein. This procedure leads directly to the isolation of genes encoding the interacting protein, bypassing the need for purification and microsequencing or for antibody production.
Executable Simulation Model of the Liver

Abstract To address the issue of reproducibility in computational modeling we developed the concept of an executable simulation model (EXSIMO). An EXSIMO combines model, data and code with the execution environment to run the computational analysis in an automated manner using tools from software engineering. Key components are i) models, data and code for the computational analysis; ii) tests for models, data and code; and iii) an automation layer to run tests and execute the analysis. An EXSIMO combines version control, model, data, units, annotations, analysis, reports, execution environment, testing, continuous integration and release. We applied the concept to perform a replication study of a computational analysis of hepatic glucose metabolism in the liver. The corresponding EXSIMO is available from https://github.com/matthiaskoenig/exsimo.
A Larger Ecology of Family Sexuality Communication: Extended Family Perspectives on Relationships, Sexual Orientation, and Positive Aspects of Sex

Extended family can be a resource for conversations about sex, but extended family perspectives have been largely left out of existing research. The present study investigates how extended family, such as aunts and uncles, siblings and cousins, perceive communication with teens in their families about sex. A thematic analysis was conducted with data from interviews in the U.S. with 39 extended family members, primarily siblings, who reported talk with teens in their families about sex. The analyses identified one theme focused on perspectives surrounding what is most important for teens to know about sex and relationships and seven themes focused on the content of conversations with teens about sex. The most prevalent content areas were: Healthy and Unhealthy Relationships (87%), Sexual Orientation (82%), Sexual Behavior (82%), and Protection (74%). The findings highlight extended family members’ unique roles in supporting the sexual health of teens in their families, which include providing information and support about issues other family members may not address, such as sexual orientation and the positive aspects of sex. The findings suggest the need to include extended family in sex education interventions to reflect the broader ecology of teens’ family relationships and access an underutilized resource for teens’ sexual health.
Excretion of non-metabolized insecticides in honeydew of striped pine scale

Abstract Honeydew production is a characteristic of soft scales and other hemipteran insects. Honeydew has the capacity to alter the ecology of predators and parasitoids because it is used as a food resource and can contain insecticidal proteins from hemipteran host plants. We examined honeydew excreted by the striped pine scale (Hemiptera: Coccidae), Toumeyella pini (King), after feeding on pine trees treated with systemic insecticides to determine whether they could eliminate insecticidal compounds in honeydew. Imidacloprid and spirotetramat were applied at labeled rates to soil or foliage. Water sensitive paper was used to measure honeydew production and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze excreted insecticide concentrations. Foliar and soil applications of imidacloprid caused a 25-fold reduction honeydew produced by scales six days after treatment (DAT). In contrast, spirotetramat treatments did not affect honeydew production. Parent compounds of both insecticides were detected in honeydew. However, on imidacloprid treated plants, these compounds were detected at similar concentrations in honeydew collected at 4 DAT from soil and foliar treatments. Imidacloprid was only detected from soil treatments at 8 DAT. Similarly, the spirotetramat parent compound was found 4 DAT after soil and foliar treatments, but only at 8 DAT in foliar treatments. At this time the concentration of spirotetramat in honeydew was six-fold higher than at 4 DAT. We conclude that striped pine scales excrete insecticides in honeydew even when the toxicant greatly reduces honeydew production. Honeydew excretion is thus a mechanism of bioaccumulation and has the potential to harm honeydew-feeding organisms.
ROBOTIC PARAGANGLIOMA RESECTION IN A PREGNANT PATIENT

ABSTRACT Objective: Functional paragangliomas in pregnancy are rare; however, if not recognized and treated early, they can be life-threatening. New treatment approaches with robotic resection are ...
The Sanctions Theory: A Frail Paradigm for International Law?

The Article argues that the theory of economic sanctions remains a vague and understudied paradigm, which has been based on shallow grounds. The social sciences’ academic debate has obsessively concentrated on the question of whether sanctions work or yield the desired results. International law scholarship for a long time limited itself with the standards applicable to the imposition of sanctions. However, recently, a new move endeavors to reformulate the entire field of international law based of the theory of sanctions. The new scholarship aims to argue that the imposition of economic sanctions should act as a long-missing element in international law, which was enforcement, a remedy that is far more humane and accessible than use of brute force. Yet, the Article shows that the sanction theory is premised on inconsistent theoretical and normative grounds. Reformulating international law based on the sanctions paradigm would create further theoretical, as well as practical, challenges for this discipline instead of resolving them.
Hypothyroxinemia Detected at 4 Weeks of Life in Preterm Infants Born at Less than 30 Weeks of Gestation

OBJECTIVE Data on free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations beyond first 2 weeks of preterm infants are limited. This study was aimed to describe the association between perinatal characteristics and FT4 concentrations and the incidence of hypothyroxinemia at 4 weeks. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of serum thyroid function tests at 4 weeks in preterm infants <30 weeks of gestation. Association between FT4 at 4 weeks of life and perinatal characteristics were determined by bivariate analysis and multivariable regression. Incidence of hypothyroxinemia was determined using a gestational age adjusted definition based on in utero levels at the equivalent postmenstrual age. RESULTS The study cohort consisted of 280 infants. FT4 concentrations at 4 weeks of life were significantly associated with gestational age, birth weight, gender, and maternal history of thyroid disease. Hypothyroxinemia was found in 32.8% of the study cohort. CONCLUSION Perinatal characteristics are associated with FT4 concentrations at 4 weeks of life. Nearly one-third of infants born <30 weeks had hypothyroxinemia at 4 weeks of life when compared with in utero levels at the equivalent postmenstrual age.
Welcoming PhytoFrontiers™ into Our APS Family of Journals

The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is launching the new journal PhytoFrontiers™. As with many other gold open access (OA) journals, manuscripts will not be judged on novelty but rather so...
Gross Total Versus Subtotal Surgical Resection in the Management of Craniopharyngiomas.

Craniopharyngiomas (CP) are suprasellar tumors that can grow into vital nearby structures and thus cause significant visual, endocrine, and hypothalamic dysfunction. Debate persists as to the optim...
Generation to generation: effects of intergenerational interactions on attitudes

Intergenerational interactions outside of family relationships are relatively rare. In a time of political and economic divisions, limited intergenerational interactions may foster intergenerationa...
MaPPeRTrac: A Massively Parallel, Portable, and Reproducible Tractography Pipeline

Large scale diffusion MRI tractography remains a significant challenge. Users must orchestrate a complex sequence of instructions that require many software packages with complex dependencies and high computational cost. We developed MaPPeRTrac, a diffusion MRI tractography pipeline that simplifies and vastly accelerates this process on a wide range of high performance computing environments. It fully automates the entire tractography workflow, from management of raw MRI machine data to edge-density visualization of the connectome. Data and dependencies, handled by the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) and Containerization using Docker and Singularity, are de-coupled from code to enable rapid prototyping and modification. Data artifacts are designed to be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable in accordance with FAIR principles. The pipeline takes full advantage of HPC resources using the Parsl parallel programming framework, resulting in creation of connectome datasets of unprecedented size. MaPPeRTrac is publicly available and tested on commercial and scientific hardware, so that it may accelerate brain connectome research for a broader user community.
1. Why Use This Service Guide

Packed with information on the servicing and retrofitting of air-conditioning refrigerant systems so that shops and technicians can meet federal regulations, satisfy customers, and prevent damage to the environment. The second edition of the Automotive Air-Conditioning Refrigerant Service Guide was written to provide the latest information to automotive air-conditioning service professionals in order to help them comply with federal certification requirements and prevent damage to the environment. With an emphasis on proper recovery and recycling techniques for both R-12 and R-134a, as well as the proper retrofitting of R-12 systems to R-134a, the book will serve as a valuable instructional tool and resource for technicians. Chapters cover: General Safety and Service Precautions; Refrigerant and System Properties; Equipment for the Extraction-only of Refrigerant and Equipment for the Recycling of Refrigerant; Service Procedure for the Containment of Automotive Air-Conditioning Refrigerants; Retrofitting CFC-12 (R-12) Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems to HFC-134a (R-134a).