cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Altered platelet alpha2-adrenoceptors in patients with angina pectoris

The alpha2-adrenoceptor located on noradrenergic neurons regulates the release of norepinephrine by negative feedback. This receptor is also located on human blood platelets, and the number of these receptors is correlated with the plasma norepinephrine content. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of platelet alpha2-adrenoceptors in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic coronary artery disease. It was hypothesized that patients with symptomatic coronary disease might have a decrease in alpha2-adrenoceptor number that might be related to increased neuronal norepinephrine release. Specific, high-affinity binding of the alpha2-agonist, 3H-clonidine, and the alpha2-antagonist, 3H-yohimbine, to isolated platelet membranes was used to determine the maximal number of binding sites (in fmol/mg protein ± standard error of the mean) and the dissociation constant (in nM) of the alpha2-receptors. In normal subjects, the number of binding sites for 3H-clonidine was 32 ± 2 and the dissociation constant was 5.5 ± 0.6 (n = 26); the maximal number of binding sites for 3H-yohimbine was 165 ±12 and the dissociation constant was 4.0 ± 0.5 (n = 16). In patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease, there was a 38% decrease in 3H-clonidine binding (number of binding sites = 20 ± 3; dissociation constant = 6.6 ± 1.2; n = 9; p The affinity constants and plasma norepinephrine concentrations did not differ among the three groups. If similar changes in receptor number occur on nerve terminals, this may represent a primary abnormality that permits enhanced release of norepinephrine or a secondary down regulation of receptor number in response to increased synaptic levels of norepinephrine.
Recurrence of conduction in accessory atrioventricular connections after initially successful radiofrequency catheter ablation.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize the incidence and clinical features of accessory pathway recurrence after initially successful radiofrequency catheter ablation and to identify variables correlated with recurrence. Radiofrequency ablation was performed with a 7F deflectable tip catheter with a large (4 mm in length) distal electrode. Left-sided accessory patthways were approached through the left ventricle and right-sided pathways by way of the right atrium. Patients were included in the study if 1) they had an initially successful procedure, defined as the absence of accessory pathway conduction immediately after ablation, and 2) had undergone a 3-month follow-up electrophysiologic test or had documented recurrence of accessory pathway conduction. Accessory pathway conduction recurred after initially successful ablation in 16 (12%) of 130 patients. Almost half (7 of 16) of these recurrences were in the 1st 12 h after ablation, and the last occurred after 106 days. Return of delta waves on the electrocardiogram (ECG) or spontaneous paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia was the initial indication of recurrence in 15 of the 16 patients. Two patients with manifest accessory pathways exhibited recurrence with exclusively concealed accessory pathway conduction. Accessory pathways ablated from the tricuspid anulus (right free wall or septal accessory pathways) had a much higher recurrence rate (24%) than did those on the mitral anulus (6%). Fourteen of 15 patients have had successful repeat accessory pathway ablation after the initial recurrence. After a mean follow-up period of 4 ± 3 months, there have been no repeat recurrences of any of these accessory pathways. It is concluded that accessory pathway recurrence is infrequent after successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. All but one episode of recurrence was diagnosed clinically, suggesting that routine follow-up electrophysiologic testing in asymptomatic patients is not warranted. Because manifest accessory pathways may recur with retrograde conduction only, patients with palpitation after ablation should have electrophysiologic testing even if no delta waves are seen on the ECG. The success rate of ablation after recurrence (93%) is comparable to that achieved at the initial session, suggesting that return of accessory pathway function should not be a contraindication to a repeat attempt.
Purification of protease-extracted glycosaminoglycans by short-distance paper chromatography with a zinc acetate solvent

Abstract A method for the purification of tissue-extracted glycosaminoglycans, using short-distance (5-cm path) paper chromatography with 0.25 m zinc acetate solvent, pH 5.0, is presented. The method removed 96 to 97% of the impurities present in the original tissue extract, based on absorbance at 260 nm and protein and phosphate contents. Recovery of control samples of dermatan sulfate averaged 88%. In place of zinc, manganous and mercuric acetates were used to test the method; however, zinc was found to be preferable.
Racial composition of social settings, interracial friendship, and whites’ attitudes toward interracial marriage

Abstract This study examines the effect that the racial composition of neighborhoods, workplaces, congregations, and friendships has on whites’ attitudes toward interracial marriage with blacks, Latinos, and Asians. Utilizing survey data drawn from a national probability sample, ordered logit regression models are estimated in order to (1) determine the effect of the racial composition of neighborhoods, workplaces, and congregations on white intermarriage attitudes, net of sociodemographic and ideological controls and (2) test for a mediating effect of interracial friendship. Greater presence of blacks, Latinos, or Asians in neighborhoods and congregations of whites predicts favorable attitudes among whites toward interracial marriage with each respective racial group. A higher proportion of Latinos in the workplace also predicts support for racial exogamy with Latinos. Many of these effects, however, are reduced when interracial friendship is included in models, suggesting that the effect of interracial contact on intermarriage attitudes is mediated by whether or not whites develop interracial friendships within settings of cross-race interaction.
End-fixity determination of vibrating structural components

Abstract An experimental-analytical procedure for determining the proper rotational restraint to use at the supports in analyses of axially loaded vibrating beams is proposed. The procedure is used to establish these restraints for a particular cable structural element, and it is demonstrated that improper estimation of end fixities can lead to considerable errors in dynamic stress calculations.
The use of phage display to generate conformation-sensor recombinant antibodies

We describe a phage display approach that we have previously used to generate conformation-sensor antibodies that specifically recognize and stabilize the oxidized, inactive conformation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). We use a solution-based panning and screening strategy conducted in the presence of reduced active PTP1B, which enriches antibodies to epitopes unique to the oxidized form while excluding antibodies that recognize epitopes common to oxidized and reduced forms of PTP1B. This strategy avoids conventional solid-phase immobilization owing to its inherent potential for denaturation of the antigen. In addition, a functional screening strategy selects single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) directly for their capacity for both specific binding and stabilization of the target enzyme in its inactive conformation. These conformation-specific scFvs illustrate that stabilization of oxidized PTP1B is an effective strategy to inhibit PTP1B function; it is possible that this approach may be applicable to the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family as a whole. With this protocol, isolation and characterization of specific scFvs from immune responsive animals should take ~6 weeks.
A series of truly failed spinal anesthetics

This report describes five patients with failed continuous spinal anesthetics with lidocaine. Lidocaine concentrations of 420 to 880 micrograms/ml were assayed in the spinal fluid despite lack of anesthesia. There was free flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the catheter in all patients before and after the injection of lidocaine. Inactive lidocaine was not responsible for the failures, since lidocaine from the same manufacturing batch produced anesthesia in other patients. Incorrect catheter placement could not explain the failures, since bupivacaine injected through the same intraspinal catheter produced anesthesia in four of the five patients. The authors, therefore, suggest that some patients have a physiologic resistance to lidocaine.
Heat and Mass Transfer in MHD Channels

Accurate estimates of convective and radiative heat transfer in the magnetohydrodynamic channel are provided by simultaneousl y solving the radiation transport equation and the quasi-three-dimensional gasdynamic equations. Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and potassium atoms are considered as the principal constituents participating in gas radiation. Calculations performed for a base load-size channel indicate that heat transfer by gas radiation almost equals that by convection for smooth walls, and amounts to three-fourths as much as the convective heat transfer for rough walls. The evolution of slag particles by homogeneous nucleation and condensation is also investigated. The slag particle size spectrum is computed as a function of the ash carryover rate from the combustor to channel. The average particle size is found to increase and the total number density to decrease with ash carryover rate.
A modified error-correction learning rule for multilayer neural network with multi-valued neurons

In this paper, we consider a modified error-correction learning rule for the multilayer neural network with multi-valued neurons (MLMVN). MLMVN is a neural network with a standard feedforward organization, but based on the multi-valued neuron (MVN). MVN is a neuron with complex-valued weights and inputs/output, which are located on the unit circle. MLMVN has a derivative-free learning algorithm based on the error-correction learning rule. The discrete k-valued MVN activation function divides a complex plane into k equal sectors. To be able to get more reliable and efficient solutions for various classification problems, it is possible to modify the MLMVN error-correction learning rule in such a way that the learning samples belonging to different classes (clusters) will be concentrated along the bisector of a desired sector (the cluster center) and at the same time will be located as far as possible from each other. Such a modification based on soft margins learning, which is reduced to the minimization of the angular distance between the bisector of a desired sector and a weighted sum, is considered in this paper.
A synthetic eye platform for testing contact lenses with integrated electronic biosensors

Building an interface between a nano-scale system and the larger-scale world is of utmost importance in implementing and testing the system utility. By taking advantage of the enzyme function at the nano-scale, our group is developing functional contact lenses integrating electronic biosensors that can detect and report the level of glucose on the surface of the eye. In order to verify the functionality of the contact lenses we have developed a physiologically accurate mechanical model of a human eye which allows sensor characterization under thin-film conditions, in a controlled chemical environment. The polymer eye model replicates the geometry of an eye, the blinking motion of an eyelid, as well as the tear fluid input and output microchannels. Liquid used in the experiments was prepared to closely mimic the chemical and mechanical properties of biological tear fluid.
Perspectives of sex therapy outcome: A survey of AASECT providers.

Randomly selected AASECT members who reported that they conduct sex therapy (N = 289) responded to a questionnaire about their sex therapy caseloads. Desire discrepancies between partners was the most common problem (31%). Least commonly reported problems were vaginismus (5%), ejaculatory inhibition (5%), and primary erectile dysfunction (2%). Highest success rates (client satisfaction with sexual functioning) were for premature ejaculation (62%), secondary orgasmic dysfunction (56%), and desire discrepancies (53%). Primary erectile dysfunctions had the lowest success rate (25%). The most commonly used treatment methods were a focus on communication skills, general sex education, homework assignments, and a focus on the sexual interaction; sensate focus, and the discussion of nonsexual individual and/or relationship issues also were quite commonly used. From a discriminant function analysis, the combined Therapists and Multiple-certified provider groups reported focusing on sexual interactions more than the combined Counselors and Educators; the Educators were the least likely providers to use a focus either on sexual interactions or on homework assignments. The Counselors were the most likely, and the Educators the least likely, to use communication skills. Therapists and the Multiple-certified providers estimated higher treatment success rates than Counselors and Educators for premature ejaculation, secondary erectile dysfunction, vaginismus, primary orgasmic dysfunction, sexual avoidance, ejaculatory inhibition, and sexual arousal problems. The Educators were the least successful with dyspareunia. Educators and Counselors were similar in reporting the fewest clients with sexual arousal problems. Therapists and Multiple-certified providers reported spending more treatment hours with desire discrepancies and desire problems. The implications of the findings for clinical practitioners and researchers are discussed.
Long RE123 coated conductors with high critical current over 500 A/cm by IBAD/PLD technique

Abstract We have developed long RE 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7− X (RE123) coated conductors with large current capacity by the ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) and the pulsed laser deposition using hot wall heating (HW-PLD) technique. As a result, we could fabricate an 8 m-long Gd 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7− X (Gd123) coated wire with the minimum and maximum critical current ( I c ) of 951 A/cm-w and 1003 A/cm-w at 77 K, 0 T, respectively, measured in 0.7 m-long sections by the standard 4-probe technique. Furthermore, we succeeded in preparation of over 600 m-long Gd123 coated wire with the uniform I c distribution over 600 A/cm-w. It had average, maximum and minimum I c of 665, 698, 609 A/cm-w, respectively. The n -values of the sample showed the maximum I c and minimum I c were 40 and 36, respectively. As a result, we set the new world record of I c × L value as 374535 A m (= 609 A × 615 m). The in-field performance of this long wire was quite high as well; the minimum I c exceeded 50 A/cm-w at 77 K, 3 T.
A hydrogen fluoride personal monitor using permeation sampling

A method for the determination of personal exposure to hydrogen fluoride is described. Samples are collected by permeation through a polyvinyl chloride membrane into a calcium nitrate solution. The collected HF is buffered and determined (as F−) with a fluoride ion selective electrode and the HF exposure (time-weighted-average) is then calculated. The detection limit of the method is 0.001 ppm HF for an eight hour exposure with a working range of 0.05 to 25 ppm. Temperature changes induced a maximum error of ±5.4% over the normal working range (0–46°C). The membrane shields the absorbing solution from contamination from particulates containing metals which could complex the fluoride and cause error. The effects of weak acid formation with the fluoride ion at low pH and possible errors due to hydroxide acting on the electrode at high pH are removed by the addition of a buffer before analysis. A device can be constructed that is small in weight and size and can serve as either an area or personal monitor.
Grain Mold Resistance and Polyphenol Accumulation in Sorghum

Ten sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] genotypes with differences in phenolic compound concentrations and grain mold resistance were evaluated at West Lafayette, IN, over three crop seasons (1989, 1990, and 1992) to assess changes in phenolic compounds during seed development and how these changes influence grain molding. Samples were collected for 9 weeks at 7-day intervals starting 7 days after anthesis. Acidified methanol extracts of the seeds were assayed to determine concentrations of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, flavan-4-ols, and proanthocyanidins. Seeds were also plated on biological media to observe the level of seed infection by mold-causing fungi. Flavan-4-ol concentrations were high and similar for both the mold-resistant and mold-susceptible genotypes at early stages of seed development. In susceptible genotypes, the flavan-4-ol concentration dropped by 67% between the third and the last sampling dates compared with a 20% decline for the resistant genotypes in the same period. In addition, the res...
Profilin Interacts with the Gly-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro Sequences of Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP): Implications for Actin-Based Listeria Motility

Intracellular actin-based motility of Listeria monocytogenes requires protein-protein interactions involving two different proline-rich sequences: first, the tightly bound bacterial surface protein ActA uses its multiple oligoproline registers [consensus sequence = FE(D)FPPPPTD(E)E(D)] to tether vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) to the bacterial surface; and second, VASP then deploys its own multiple GPPPPP (or GP5) registers to localize the actin-regulatory protein profilin to promote actin polymerization. We now report that fluorescence titration showed that GP5GP5GP5 peptide binds to profilin (KD of 84 microM), and the peptide weakly inhibits exchange of actin-bound nucleotide in the absence or presence of profilin. Microinjection of synthetic GPPPPP triplet into Listeria-infected PtK2 cells promptly arrested motility at an intracellular concentration of 10 microM. This inhibition was completely neutralized when equimolar concentrations of profilin and GP5GP5GP5 were simultaneously microinjected. Fluorescence studies with [His-133-Ser]-profilin, a site-directed mutant previously shown to be defective in binding poly-l-proline [Bjorkegren, C., Rozycki, M., Schutt, C. E., Lindberg, U., & Karlsson, R. (1993) FEBS Lett. 333, 123-126], exhibits little or no evidence of saturable GP5GP5GP5 binding. When an equimolar concentration of this [His-133-Ser]-profilin mutant was co-injected with GP5GP5GP5, the peptide's inhibitory action remained completely unaffected, indicating that GP5GP5GP5 binding to wild-type profilin represents a key step in actin-based pathogen motility. We also present a model that shows how the focal binding of VASP with its GPPPPP registers can greatly increase the local concentration of profilin and/or profilin-actin-ATP complex at the bacteria/rocket-tail interface.
MIT PEBBLE BED REACTOR PROJECT

The conceptual design of the MIT modular pebble bed reactor is described. This reactor plant is a 250 Mwth, 120 Mwe indirect cycle plant that is designed to be deployed in the near term using demonstrated helium system components. The primary system is a conventional pebble bed reactor with a dynamic central column with an outlet temperature of 900 C providing helium to an intermediate helium to helium heat exchanger (IHX). The outlet of the IHX is input to a three shaft horizontal Brayton Cycle power conversion system. The design constraint used in sizing the plant is based on a factory modularity principle which allows the plant to be assembled “Lego” style instead of constructed piece by piece. This principle employs space frames which contain the power conversion system that permits the Lego-like modules to be shipped by truck or train to sites. This paper also describes the research that has been conducted at MIT since 1998 on fuel modeling, silver leakage from coated fuel particles, dynamic simulation, MCNP reactor physics modeling and air ingress analysis.
Synthesis and n.m.r.-spectral analysis of unenriched and [1-13C]-enriched 5-deoxypentoses and 5-O-methylpentoses.

Abstract Chemical methods are described for preparing unenriched and [1- 13 C]-enriched 5-deoxy- and 5- O -methyl-pentoses in the D or l configuration. The 1 H-n.m.r. spectra of thse compounds have been interpreted, and the 13 C-n.m.r. spectra assigned with the aid of 2-D 13 C 1 H chemical-shift correlation spectroscopy. Tautomeric forms (furanoses, hydrate, and aldehyde) in solution in 2 H 2 O have been quantified with the aid of [1- 13 C]-enriched derivatives. Spectra of 5-deoxy-pentoses, 5- O -methylpentoses, and methyl pentofuranosides have been compared, in order to assess the effect of 5- C -deoxygenation and 5- O -methylation on chemical shifts and coupling constants ( 1 H 1 H, 13 C 1 H, and 13 C 13 C) and on the pentofuranose conformations.
Two-dimensional, computer-controlled film scanner: Quantitation of fluorescence from ethidium bromide-stained DNA gels

A two-dimensional scanner based on a digital plotter is described. The device is used to analyze photographic negatives of ethidium bromide-stained DNA-agarose gels. Scanning is controlled by and photometric data transferred to a computer for processing, storage, display, and analysis such as integration of the areas under bands and determination of the mean distances of migration of polydisperse samples. An integral light source and detector module designed for reading optical "bar-codes" is mounted in place of the pen of the plotter. Spatial resolution and reproducibility are about 0.2 and 0.005 mm, respectively. Photometric precision as good as one part per thousand is achieved by sinusoidal modulation of the intensity of the light source and synchronous, phase-sensitive detection of the signal from the detector by a lock-in amplifier. No part of the sensor assembly touches the surface of the negative. In contrast to a densitometer, the computer transforms photometric data to values directly proportional to the amount of DNA at given points on the original gel. The ability to move the sensor in two dimensions over the negative allows for the integration across the width of a lane correctly allowing for the nonuniform distribution of the DNA.
A review of the multimegawatt MPD thruster and current mission applications

The magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster is potentially capable of providing 20-200 N of steady-state thrust, at 1000-20,000 s specific impulse while consuming a variety of propellants and megawatts of DC power. The specific impulse and power capacity put the MPD thruster in a class separate from other electric propulsion engines. Several types of missions are enhanced by the unique capabilities of a nuclear-electric driven MPD thruster and these include earth-orbit raising, cis-lunar transportation, and planetary exploration. This paper describes current MPD thruster technology, and several missions typical of the above cited categories.
Model for vaccinia virus DNA replication.

Abstract Replicating vaccinia DNA molecules synthesized in vivo and in vitro, when examined in the electron microscope, were found to contain dsDNA loops which formed at one end of the molecules. A progressive increase in the size of the loop in individual molecules indicated that chain elongation was occurring. These results suggest that DNA replication was initiated at, and elongation proceeded from, one end of the viral DNA molecules. Based on these observations and previously published biochemical experiments, a model for vaccinia virus DNA replication is proposed.
Depositional Sequence Stratigraphy of Lower Cambrian Grand Cycles, Southern Great Basin, U.S.A.

The Lower Cambrian of the southern Great Basin records third-order cyclical alternation between siliciclastic- and carbonate-dominated sedimentation in a rapidly subsiding passive margin. These alternations, termed Grand Cycles, are a prominent feature of Cambrian stratigraphy on the Laurentian continent and have been the subject of study for more than 30 years. A sequence-stratigraphic analysis of Lower Cambrian Grand Cycles in the southern Great Basin indicates that the alternating siliciclastic- and carbonate-dominated depositional systems record cyclical changes in accommodation volume along the Laurentian passive margin. In outer ramp/platform settings, type-1 sequence boundaries coincide with the top of the carbonate half-cycle; in mid-ramp settings, the sequence boundaries lie within the siliciclastic half-cycle. Thick depositional sequences contain well-developed lowstand wedge, transgressive, and highstand systems tracts. Thinner depositional sequences lack a well-developed lowstand systems tract...
A Community of Love: Kenneth Rexroth's Organic Worldview

Kenneth Rexroth was a poet and cultural critic who developed a complex organic worldview. Influenced by both Christian and Buddhist metaphysics, he presented the world as dynamic and interrelated, with the sacred wholly immanent in phenomenal reality. He strongly criticized capitalism and the nation state, and he praised anarchists who resisted centralized power. His ideal was communitarian anarchism characterized by a feeling of unlimited responsibility for all. However, he eventually lost revolutionary hope, and his later poetry focused on mystical moments in communion with nature.
A Paradigm Shift in Eastern Europe: Some Helpful Management Development Techniques

The former communist bloc countries of Eastern Europe are currently undergoing a paradigm shift towards a democratically‐based market economy. First discusses the new role of managers in these dramatically changing countries according to the technical, conceptual and human dimensions; then pay for performance, goal‐setting and feedback which are suggested as practical management development techniques that can help Eastern European managers to meet their performance challenges now and in the future.
Interdiffusion in the Ni/TD-NiCr and Cr/TD-NiCr Systems

The diffusion of Ni and Cr into TD-NiCr has been studied over the 900 to 1100 C temperature range. The diffusion couples were prepared by electroplating Cr and Ni on polished TD-NiCr wafers. Concentration profiles produced as a result of isothermal diffusion at 905, 1000, and 1100 C were determined by electron microprobe analysis. The Boltzmann-Matano analysis was used to determine concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients which were found to compare favorably with previously reported values. These data suggest that 2 vol % ThO2 distribution has no appreciable effect on the rates of diffusion in TD-NiCr with a large grain size. This supports the view that an inert dispersoid in an alloy matrix will not in itself lead to enhanced diffusion unless a short-circuit diffusion structure is stabilized.
Loss of expression of the p16 tumor suppressor gene is more frequent in advanced ovarian cancers lacking p53 mutations.

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that p53 mutations are less frequent in ovarian cancers with alterations in other genes that regulate G1 progression. Methods. Expression of G1 stimulatory (cyclins D1 and E, cdk4, Ki67) and inhibitory (p16, Rb, p27, p14) genes was analyzed using Western blots in 84 primary ovarian cancers and seven cell lines of known p53 mutation status. Expression of p16 and Rb also was determined using immunohistochemistry and the p16 gene was examined for homozygous deletions and mutations. Results. Loss of p16 protein was more frequent in ovarian cancers with wild-type p53. All four cell lines with wild-type p53 had lost p16 compared to only one of three with mutant p53 genes. p16 expression was absent in 34% (28/82) of primary ovarian cancers, and this was significantly more common in cases with wild-type p53 (14/28, 50%) compared to those with p53 mutations (14/54, 26%, P = 0.03). Homozygous deletion of the p16 gene was found in cell lines lacking p16, but not in any primary cancers. p16 loss was more common in serous (21/52, 40%) than nonserous cancers (4/23, 17%, P = 0.07). Cases that expressed p16 were more likely to express high levels of Rb (47/55, 85%) than p16-negative cases (12/28, 43%, P P = 0.48). Expression of G1 stimulatory proteins (cyclins D1 and E, cdk4, Ki67) did not correlate with p53 mutation status. Conclusions. Loss of expression of the p16 tumor suppressor occurs more often in ovarian cancers lacking p53 mutations. These data are consistent with the paradigm that inactivation of p53 is less of a requisite event in ovarian carcinogenesis when another G1 regulatory gene such as p16 already has been inactivated.
Mechanisms of syncope in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients who receive device therapies

Abstract A significant proportion of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients ultimately receive device therapies. Determinants and mechanisms of syncopal events in these patients are not established. To address this issue, we reviewed prospectively collected data on 114 ICD recipients who received device therapies. There were 99 men and 15 women with a mean age of 63 ± 10 years. Ejection fraction was 29 ± 13%. At initial presentation, 74 patients (65%) had syncope during arrhythmia. Of 114 patients, 18 patients (16%) subsequently experienced syncope during device therapies over a period of 35 ± 24 months of follow-up. Arrhythmias during syncopal events documented by telemetry, event recorders, RR intervals, or ICD stored electrograms were obtainable in 13 patients, and included sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 10 patients, ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 2 patients, and atrial fibrillation in 1 patient. The explanations for arrhythmia-related syncope included ICD proarrhythmia in 8 patients (62%), rapid monomorphic VT in 3 (23%), and VF in 2 patients (15%). Patients with syncope could not be differentiated from those without syncope by demographic, clinical, or electrophysiologic variables. There was no significant difference in mortality between patients with or without syncope (39% vs 25%, p = 0.25). Syncope is not uncommon in ICD recipients who receive device therapies. When it occurs, syncope is often due to ICD proarrhythmia; hence, it is potentially preventable by meticulous device programming.
Diffusion Characteristics of Finite Volume and Fluctuation Splitting Schemes

The diffusive characteristics of two upwind schemes, multi-dimensional fluctuation splitting and locally one-dimensional finite volume, are compared for scalar advection?diffusion problems. Algorithms for the two schemes are developed for node-based data representation on median-dual meshes associated with unstructured triangulations in two spatial dimensions. Four model equations are considered: linear advection, non-linear advection, diffusion, and advection?diffusion, with cases chosen to mimic features present in compressible gas dynamics. Modular coding is employed to isolate the effects of the two approaches for upwind flux evaluation, allowing for head-to-head accuracy and efficiency comparisons. Both the stability of compressive limiters and the amount of artificial diffusion generated by the schemes are found to be grid-orientation dependent, with the fluctuation splitting scheme producing less artificial diffusion than the finite volume scheme. Convergence rates are compared for an advection?diffusion problem, with a speedup of 2.5 seen for fluctuation splitting versus finite volume when solved on the same mesh. However, accurate solutions to problems with small diffusion coefficients can be achieved on coarser meshes using fluctuation splitting rather than finite volume, so that when comparing convergence rates to reach a given accuracy, fluctuation splitting shows a speedup of 29 over finite volume for the test problem.
Development of EEG and daytime sleep patterns in trisomy-21 infants during the first year of life: Longitudinal observations

Abstract Daytime EEG-polygraph recordings were obtained weekly from birth to 12–13 weeks, and at 26 and 52 weeks of age in 7 Trisomy-21 infants. The babies remain alive and are relatively well at ages 20–53 months. All 81 EEGs obtained were within normal limits for age. Derived data were compared with similar data from 17 normal full term infants. The trace alternant pattern disappeared later in the Trisomy-21 than in the control group (mean ages 55.6 days vs. 33.4 days post term; P P P P Sleep spindle bursts during slow wave sleep were less abundant in the Trisomy-21 group than in the control group throughout the first year (2.96 vs. 4.08 bursts/min; P P P P Developmental quotients at 8 months of age were significantly negatively correlated with age at disappearance of trace alternant, age at appearance of rolandic sleep spindles, and age at disappearance of frontal sharp waves. The present results demonstrate significant retardation in the maturation of brain electrical activity in Trisomy-21 infants, which is correlated with delayed early behavioral development, but not with the presence of conventional signs of EEG abnormality.
Herbicidal activity of the antibiotics geldanamycin and nigericin.

Geldanamycin and nigericin, phytotoxic metabolites from a strain ofStreptomyces hygroscopicus, were tested for herbicidal activity and selectivity on a range of crop and weed species. In petri dish bioassays, geldanamycin reduced radicle growth of all species tested, whereas nigericin inhibited 7 of 10. The two compounds in mixture appeared to be additive rather than synergistic in effect. In assays with seeds and seedlings in field soil, geldanamycin showed significant preemergence activity on proso millet, barnyardgrass, garden cress, and giant foxtail. It had no postemergence herbicidal effect on any of the species tested. Nigericin had preemergence activity on garden cress and large crabgrass and postemergence activity on garden cress and velvetleaf. The postemergence effect of nigericin on velvetleaf was especially striking, with leaves showing symptoms of injury within 24–48 h of treatment. Doses as low as 0.3 kg/ha caused damage. The primary herbicidal effect of both compounds was slowing of seed germination or seedling growth, although some plants were killed, especially at higher rates of application. Herbicidal effects were most pronounced for 1 to 2 weeks after treatment and diminished thereafter.
Low-temperature homoepitaxial growth of 4H-SiC with CH3Cl and SiCl4 precursors

Abstract In prior research, a possibility to increase the growth rate of the low-temperature epitaxial growth of 4H–SiC was explored by supplementing chloro-carbon precursor CH 3 Cl with HCl as an additional source of chlorine. In the current work, SiCl 4 was investigated as a replacement for SiH 4 +HCl. The homogeneous nucleation in the gas phase was further reduced compared to SiH 4 +HCl growth, thus essentially eliminating the main bottleneck for increasing the growth rate ( R g ). However, for low values of the carrier gas flow, premature dissociation of Si gas-phase clusters was found to cause R g non-homogeneity and triangular defect formation. The drastically suppressed homogeneous nucleation opened the window for increasing the carrier gas flow velocity in order to improve the R g homogeneity from upstream to downstream. Nevertheless, generation of triangular defects was significant at R g above 5–6 μm/h. The process window for obtaining good epilayer morphology was found to correspond to Si supply-limited mode. The window was restricted at low values of C/Si ratio by formation of Si-rich islands/droplet and at high C/Si ratio by formation of polycrystalline SiC. The process window became increasingly narrower at higher R g , which serves as a new bottleneck for significantly increasing R g at such low growth temperatures.
Protein solubility and degradation in vitro as influenced by buffer and maturity of alfalfa

Abstract Factors influencing the extraction of proteins and protein degradation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) in vitro were compared with other forages. Kansas State buffer, a phosphate buffer, and McDougall's artificial saliva, a carbonate buffer, (both commonly used as in vitro digestion buffers) extracted more buffer-soluble proteins than did N-2-Hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-ethanesulfonic acid, 2[N-Morpholino] ethanesulfonic acid, piperazine-N, N′-bis [2-ethane-sulfonic acid] and imidazole-HCl. Protein solubilities and sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamiden gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated that Kansas State buffer and McDougall's artificial saliva extracted more high molecular weight proteins than did the other buffers. Proteins soluble in Kansas State buffer were extensively degraded by ruminal microorganisms within 12 h in both stem and leaf tissues; several high molecular weight proteins in leaf tissues did, however, survive 12 h in rumen fluid. Alfalfa initially contained more buffer-soluble protein than other forages, but, similar amounts of undegraded protein remained in all forages after 12 h of digestion. Protein profiles (SDS-PAGE) of birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.) contained two distinct bands of protein that were apparently unaffected by 12 h of incubation, while alfalfa profiles contained several polypeptides that ‘escaped’ ruminal fermentation. In contrast, proteins in orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) were rapidly and completely degraded in 12 h with no identifiable surviving proteins. Identification and characterization of proteins capable of surviving ruminal degradation and factors influencing their accumulation in forages may allow for introduction of forages or management practices which could potentially improve the nitrogen status of the ruminant.
The nucleic acid of an SV40-like virus isolated from a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Abstract The nucleic acid of an SV40-like virus isolated from a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy has been compared with the DNA of a laboratory strain of SV40. DNA of this isolate (designated PML-2) is a covalently closed circular duplex with the same sedimentation rate as SV40 DNA. Denatured PML-2 DNA hybridizes with denatured SV40 DNA at about the same rate as homologous DNA. When digested with Hemophilus influenzae restriction endonuclease, PML-2 DNA yielded 11 fragments separable by electrophoresis, nine of which co-migrated with fragments of SV40 DNA, and two of which did not. We conclude that the PML-2 virus is a variant of SV40.
Magnetic properties of novel dynamic self-assembled structures generated on the liquid/air interface

Abstract We report on experimental and theoretical studies of magnetic properties of recently discovered dynamic multi-segment self-organized structures (“magnetic snakes”). Magnetic order and response of such snakes are determined by a novel unconventional mechanism provided by a self-induced surface wave. It gives rise to a nontrivial magnetic order: the segments of the snake exhibit long-range antiferromagnetic order mediated by the surface waves, while each segment is composed of ferromagnetically aligned chains of microparticles. Magnetic properties of the snakes are probed by in-plane magnetic field. A phenomenological model is proposed to explain the experimental observations.
A New Class of Auditory Warning Signals for Complex Systems: Auditory Icons:

This simulator-based study examined conventional auditory warnings (tonal, nonverbal sounds) and auditory icons (representational, nonverbal sounds), alone and in combination with a dash-mounted visual display, to present information about impending collision situations to commercial motor vehicle operators. Brake response times were measured for impending front-to-rear collision scenarios under 6 display configurations, 2 vehicle speeds, and 2 levels of headway. Accident occurrence was measured for impending side collision scenarios under 2 vehicle speeds, 2 levels of visual workload, 2 auditory displays, absence/presence of mirrors, and absence/presence of a dash-mounted iconic visual display. For both front-to-rear and side collision scenarios, auditory icons elicited significantly improved driver performance over conventional auditory warnings. Driver performance improved when collision warning information was presented through multiple modalities. Brake response times were significantly faster for impending front-to-rear collision scenarios using the longer headway condition. The presence of mirrors significantly reduced the number of accidents for impending side collision scenarios. Subjective preference data indicated that participants preferred multimodal displays over single-modality displays. Actual or potential applications for this research include auditory displays and warnings, information presentation, and the development of alternative user interfaces.
Acetabular changes associated with avascular necrosis of the femoral head in a piglet model

Objectives An experimental piglet model induces avascular necrosis (AVN) and deformation of the femoral head but its secondary effects on the developing acetabulum have not been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the development of secondary acetabular deformation following femoral head ischemia. Methods Intracapsular circumferential ligation at the base of the femoral neck and sectioning of the ligamentum teres were performed in three week old piglets. MRI was then used for qualitative and quantitative studies of the acetabula in operated and non-operated hips in eight piglets from 48 hours to eight weeks post-surgery. Specimen photographs and histological sections of the acetabula were done at the end of the study. Results The operated-side acetabula were wider, shallower and misshapen, with flattened labral edges. At eight weeks, increased acetabular cartilage thickness characterised the operated sides compared with non-operated sides (p < 0.001, ANOVA). The mean acetabular width on the operated side was increased (p = 0.015) while acetabular depth was decreased anteriorly (p = 0.007) and posteriorly (p = 0.44). The cartilage was thicker, with delayed acetabular bone formation, and showed increased vascularisation with fibrosis laterally and focal degenerative changes involving chondrocyte hypocellularity, chondrocyte cloning, peripheral pannus formation and surface fibrillation. Conclusions We demonstrate that femoral head AVN in the young growing piglet also induced, and was coupled with, secondary malformation in acetabular shape affecting both articular and adjacent pelvic cartilage structure, and acetabular bone. The femoral head model inducing AVN can also be applied to studies of acetabular maldevelopment, which is less well understood in terms of developing hip malformation. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:130–8.
Monotone iterative methods for numerical solutions of nonlinear integro-elliptic boundary problems

Abstract The aim of this paper is to obtain various monotone iterative schemes for numerical solutions of a class of nonlinear nonlocal reaction–diffusion–convection equations under linear boundary conditions. The boundary-value problem under consideration is discretized into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations by the finite difference method, and the iterative schemes are given for the finite difference system using upper and lower solutions as the initial iterations. The construction of the monotone sequences and the definition of upper and lower solutions depend on the quasimonotone property of the reaction function, and the iterative schemes are presented for each of the three types of quasimonotone functions. An application of the monotone iterations, including some numerical results, is given to a modified logistic diffusive equation where the kernel in the integral term may be positive, negative, or changing sign in its domain.
Biochemical Approaches to Mating Type Expression in Tetrahymena thermophila

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to identify the patterns of protein synthesis during initiation, and the patterns of membrane protein expression following initiation, in all of the mating types of the Tetrahymena thermophila B family. In addition, one-dimensional analysis was used to survey 125I-Concanavalin A-binding proteins. Although a large number of proteins was identified by each technique, no variation among the mating types was observed.
Impacts of Residential Self-Selection and Built Environments on Children's Walking-to- School Behaviors

Despite the growing effort to promote walking to school through environmental interventions, the corresponding impact of residential self-selection has not been examined. This study investigated ho...
Experimental investigations of the electrolysis of D2O using palladium cathodes and platinum anodes

L'electrolyse de l'eau lourde sur une cathode de palladium est controlee par mesure du tritium produit, de la temperature de la cellule, des rayonnements neutroniques et gamma afin d'etudier la production de chaleur en exces
Action potential modulation of connexin40 gap junctional conductance.

Connexin40 (Cx40) is abundantly expressed in the atrial myocardium, ventricular conduction system, and vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the mammalian cardiovascular system. Rapid con...
The Project of Ethical Renewal and Critique: Edmund Husserl's Early Phenomenology of Culture

L'A. etudie les articles de Husserl parus dans la revue japonaise «Kaizo» au debut des annees 1920 et il cherche a dederminer en quoi consistait le «renouveau» prone alors, la transformation sociale, politique et ethique de la culture humaine vue par Husserl comme une «tâche» a accomplir
Inhibition of gastric K+ ATPase by phenylbutazone and indomethacin.

Abstract Inhibition of gastric H + secretion by phenylbutazone and indomethacin was investigated by examining the effects of these agents on a putative H + transport enzyme, a K + stimulated ATPase. unique to gastric mucosa. Phenylbutazone and indomethacin were found to inhibit both the K + ATPase and the K + pNPPase. K i s were 430 μM and 710 μM for the K + ATPase and 330 μM and 670 μM for the K + pNPPase for phenylbutazone and indomethacin respectively. Inhibition was not reversed by Mg 2+ , ATP, pNPP, or KCl and obeyed non-competitive kinetics. Inhibition of the pNPPase suggested that the mechanism of inhibition involved the K + sensitive dephosphorylation of the phosphoenzyme. In the presence of 500 μM phenylbutazone dephosphorylation was significantly less at 3, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 sec following KCl addition. These studies provide an alternate mechanism for inhibition of gastric H + secretion by phenylbutazone and indomethacin.
Meson kinematics in static source meson theories

Abstract A method is given for constructing creation operators for many meson states in static source meson theories. These states will be diagonal in the angular momentum, isotopic spin and they will form the bases for irreducible representations of the permutation group. The states for up to four mesons and for the angular momentum and isotopic spin equal to either zero or one are explicitly given in the case of symmetric pseudoscalar meson theory.
Supercritical fluid jet expansions of polar aromatic carboxylic acids using simple derivatization with detection by resonant two-photon ionization

Abstract In this work simple derivatization is used as a means of enhancing the solubility of polar aromatic carboxylic acids in supercritical CO 2 and N 2 O. The supercritical fluid is then expanded from 200 atm and 40°C through a pulsed injection orifice into vacuum as a supersonic jet for analysis by laser resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The use of derivatization reduces the polarity of these carboxylic acids and thus greatly enhances their solubility in these fluids. The result is that strong ionization signals from the jet are detected in the mass spectrometer at relatively low temperatures where these molecules, many of which are thermally labile, will not decompose. The laser ionization method allows soft ionization of these compounds where the molecular ion is generally the base peak and a characteristic fragment due to simple C α -C β cleavage is often observed. By monitoring the molecular ion as a function of wavelength a cold laser ionization spectrum with sharp spectral features can be obtained in these supersonic expansions from high pressure supercritical fluids thus demonstrating that optical selectivity is still retained even after derivatization.