cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supergraphity (II). Manifestly covariant rules and higher-loop finiteness

Abstract We continue our discussion of the background field formalism in supersymmetric theories, deriving new covariant Feynman rules for chiral superfields. As a result, we obtain improved power-counting rules for both simple and extended supersymmetry which can be used to make the following statements: If the corresponding extended superfield formalism exist, (a) N=2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory is finite beyond one loop, (b) N=4 Yang-Mills is finite at all loops, and (c) N=8 supergravity is finite through six loops. We also find that in simple super-Yang-Mills the radiative corrections to the Fayet-Iliopoulos (“D”) term, which are known to vanish for higher loops, also vanish automatically at one loop for arbitrary couplings.
Neural stem cell therapy in the aging brain: pitfalls and possibilities.

As aging progresses, there is a decline in the brain's capacity to produce new neurons in the two neurogenic regions, the subventricular zone surrounding the lateral ventricles and the subgranular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The underlying cause of the declining neurogenesis is unknown, but is presumably related to age-related changes that occur during normal aging of the brain. It is exacerbated by age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Stem cell-based therapy to replace lost and/or damaged cells in the aging brain is currently the focus of intense research. The two most promising approaches involve transplantation of exogenous tissue and promoting proliferation of endogenous cells. However, age-related changes in the brain environment, including elevated oxidative stress and accumulation of protein and lipid by-products, present several unique challenges that must be addressed before cell-based therapy can be used as a viable option. Although pro...
Pharmacological evaluation of water soluble cannabinoids and related analogs

The two water-soluble cannabinoids 1-[(4-morpholino) butyryloxy]-delta 8-tetrahydro-cannabinol (MB-delta 8-THC) and 5'-trimethylammonium (TMA)-delta 8-THC, as well as structurally similar compounds, were evaluated for cannabimimetic activity in the mouse (locomotor activity, tail-flick antinociception, rectal temperature, and ring-immobility) and dog (static-ataxia) procedures. MB-delta 8-THC possesses full cannabimimetic activity and is approximately equipotent to delta 8-THC. 5'-TMA-delta 8-THC only possesses partial cannabimimetic activity in that it is inactive in the ring-immobility and static-ataxia procedures. However, this analog is potent in other respects. All alterations at the 5' position do not necessarily produce this spectrum of effects, as evidenced by the pharmacological activity of 5'-bromo-delta 8-THC, 5'-OH-delta 8-THC acetate, and 5'-N-dimethyl-delta 8-THC.
Experimental feasibility study of a magnetic elevator for particles

Abstract The paper describes elementary tests of a preliminary laboratory model system intended to circulate particles of magnetic materials in chemical reactors. The system will be referred to as a magnetic elevator for particles and circulates particles without using mechanical or pneumatic means. Such a device is a logical complement to earlier systems which have been developed for the control of particles, namely: a magnetically stabilized bed; a magnetic distributor downcomer; and a magnetic valve for solids. In processes which utilize magnetic particles, such as magnetized-fluidized beds, it is envisaged that a magnetic elevator could be used for circulating the particles, provided that the Curie temperature is not exceeded in the transport lines which form the elevator itself. In addition, magnetic solids which are used in processes operated below such temperatures, and under low or zero gravity conditions, could also be circulated without the need for mechanical or pneumatic subsystems. Two distinct modes of operation were observed during the testing: 1. (i) the catchment mode; 2. (ii) the transportation mode. Methods of analysing and predicting device performance for both modes are suggested. Both transverse and axial flux designs of the MES were tested: more detailed investigations were undertaken on the latter configuration which appears to be the more promising form. A multiple coil laboratory model, with coil sequencing by computer, was constructed and tests were performed on this model to investigate: 1. (i) catchment currents, 2. (ii) energization timing 3. (iii) coil spacing and geometries, 4. (iv) different sizes of particle. The paper provides results from the above tests and gives proposals for control and design improvements to optimize the operation of the elevator.
Supernova Remnant W-44: Observations at 8350 Megacycles per Second

The region of W-44 was mapped at 8350 megacycles per second. The degree of linear polarization of the most intense portion of W-44 integrated over the 10.8-minute-of-arc beam was 11+/-2 percent at position angle 45 degrees +/-5 degrees . This high degree of polarization is further evidence that W-44 is a supernova remnant. The integrated flux density of (95+/-25) x 10(-26) watt per square meter per cycle per second for this source is consistent with measurements at lower frequencies extrapolated with the use of a spectral index of-0.44, obtained by other observers. In addition, the compact source 3 minutes of right ascension west of W-44 was unpolarized, within the error of measurement. The flux density of (23+/-6)x 10(-26) watt per square meter per cycle per second determined for it along with the results of other observers indicate that this source has a thermal spectrum.
Molecular ablation of transforming growth factor β signaling pathways by tyrosine kinase inhibition: The coming of a promising new era in the treatment of tissue fibrosis

Fibrotic diseases. A therapeutic challenge There are numerous human diseases including systemic sclerosis; pulmonary, liver, and kidney fibrosis; and the newly recognized nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, which are characterized by abnormal and exaggerated deposition of collagen in the affected organs (reviewed in refs. 1-6). Tissue fibrosis causes disruption of normal organ architecture, and ultimately leads to their dysfunction and failure. The extent and rate of progression of the fibrotic process largely determine the course, response to therapy, and prognosis of these diseases. Although their etiology and pathogenesis are diverse and have not been completely elucidated despite intensive investigations, it is apparent that a common feature is the accumulation of abundant fibrous tissue and the presence of large numbers of fibroblasts displaying an activated phenotype. This phenotype is characterized by a notable elevation in the expression of the genes encoding type l and type lll collagens and fibronectin, the initiation of expression of αsmooth muscle actin, and the reduction in expression of genes encoding extracellular matrixdegradative enzymes. Regardless of the etiologic event, the resulting alterations in the biosynthetic activity of extracellular matrix producing cells are crucial in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. Indeed, it is the persistent activation of the genes encoding various collagens in these cells which distinguishes controlled repair, such as that occurring during normal wound healing, from the uncontrolled fibrosis which is the hallmark of the fibrotic diseases. However, despite numerous recent advances in the molecular biology of the events responsible for the regulation of genes encoding collagens and other extracellular matrix proteins, there is limited knowledge regarding the intimate mechanisms responsible for the pathologic increase in their expression in fibrotic diseases. The wide spectrum of organs affected by the fibrotic diseases and the large number of individuals suffering their devastating effects pose one of the most serious health problems in current medicine and represent an enormous burden on health services and resources causing severe economic consequences. Despite the high frequency and the diversity of organs affected by the fibrotic diseases, there is currently no effective treatment. The recent elucidation of
Quantifying the distribution and transport of pelagic sediments on young abyssal hills

The post-depositional transport of pelagic sediments on rough seafloor is approximated as a nonlinear diffusive process. The topographic slope distribution of the sediment-water interface depends primarily on the apparent sediment diffusivity κ, the average sediment load L, and the root-mean-square height of the abyssal-hill basement H. These parameters have been determined for the ARSRP corridor on the west flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge by fitting theoretical models to the slope distribution observed from center-beam Hydrosweep data. The average value of the apparent diffusivity is . H varies between 188 and 285 m, with a mean of 230 ± 7 m. L is estimated to be as thin as 10 m on 5-Ma crust near the ridge crest, thickening to values greater than 50 m at 10-15 Ma and then decreasing to less than 30 m on 25-Ma crust in the western portion of the corridor. The decrease in sediment load with age may be associated with a shallower carbonate compensation depth prior to the late Miocene.
Dynamics of Lotka-Volterra systems with exploitation

This paper deals with some unusual dynamics that occur when two competing populations are exploited by a discriminating consumer. Individual consumers feed to satiation in proportion to a relative preference for, and the relative abundance of, the resource species. Under preferential exploitation, stable equilibria of competing populations generally vanish through saddle-node bifurcations at substantial population levels. Further, subcritical Hopf bifurcations can occur through saddle connections or homoclinic orbit bifurcations, triggering stable periodic oscillations under constant exploitation.
Methods for interfacing analysis software to optimization software

Abstract Three methods are presented for interfacing analysis software to optimization software to create design software. These methods are referred to as the “conventional interface”, the “pro-gramming-free interface”, and the “generalized interface”. The latter two methods introduce new ideas which are attractive from the user's standpoint. The programming-free interface simplifies the interface process by eliminating the necessity for tlie user to modify the analysis source code. The generalized interface allows one to create a general-purpose design package from a general-purpose analysis package. Support for the methods has been implemented in a software package named OPTDES.BYU. Use of the methods with this package is illustrated with a simple example.
Similarity between man and laboratory animals in regional pulmonary deposition of ozone.

Predicted pulmonary ozone (O{sub 3}) dose curves obtained by model analysis of the transport and removal of O{sub 3} in the lungs of guinea pigs, rabbits, and man indicate that a general similarity exists among these species in the shapes of the dose curves. An overview of the major features of the lower airway mathematical model used is presented. This model predicts that the respiratory bronchioles receive the maximum O{sub 3} dose. For exposures corresponding to tracheal O{sub 3} concentrations greater than 100 micrograms/m{sup 3} (0.05 ppm), the predicted respiratory bronchiolar dose for rabbits was found to be twice that for guinea pigs and 80% of that for man. Sensitivity analyses are presented for model parameters relating to the treatment of the chemical reactions of O{sub 3} with the mucous layer. The role of tidal volume in the determination of pulmonary uptake of O{sub 3} in man is examined. The consistency and similarity of the dose curves for the three species lend strong support to the validity of extrapolating to man the results obtained on animals exposed to O{sub 3}.
Lymphocyte Kinetics in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

51-Chromium was used to study lymphocyte kinetics in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Lymphocytes were found to equilibrate with a pool larger than that accounted for by blood volume and the blood lymphocyte count. Lymphocyte disappearance from the blood stream was exponential and complex, with an initial large rapid component and a smaller slower second component. The shape of the lymphocyte disappearance curve was not influenced by the size of the spleen, the white blood cell count or the duration of the disease. Body surface scanning revealed that infused lymphocytes were not sequestered in the lungs and circulated in and out of the spleen. Little radioactivity was noted over the liver or the iliac crest.
Simultaneous microgravimetric and optical reflectivity studies of lithium underpotential deposition on Au(111) from propylene carbonate electrolytes

The underpotential deposition (upd) of lithium on highly oriented Au(111) electrodes was examined in propylene carbonate (PC)-LiAsF6 solutions by simultaneous in situ quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM), UV-visible reflectance spectroscopy (Δ R/R), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). An analysis of the QCM and Δ R/ R data was performed in the potential range 0.4 < E < 2.5 V vs Li | Li+(PC) after the voltammetric response had reached steady state, i.e., following the irreversible formation of a film on the electrode surface. The results obtained indicated that both the (background corrected) charge under the Li upd stripping peak and the loss in the effective mass of the QCM (Δ meff) are consistent with the oxidation of one to two monolayers equivalent of Li on a smooth Au(111) substrate. The optical reflectivity recorded during these experiments revealed large, on the order a few tenths of a percent, and wavelength dependent changes in Δ R/R as a function of the applied potential. A combination of these data with those derived from the coulometric/micro-gravimetric analysis of the Li upd stripping peak yielded, for Li coverages of about 0.1, values of Δ R/R as large as 0.3% at wavelengths of about 650 nm. A comparison between the experimental Δ R/R spectra at fixed Li coverages, and that predicted theoretically based on an ideal, non-interacting, three-layer model, indicates that the features observed are mostly due to 1 /R contributions due to the bare Au substrate.
BEYOND "ESTs" Problematic Assumptions in the Pursuit of Evidence-Based Practice

There has been much confusion in the literature of psychotherapy between the broad concept of evidence-based practice and the narrower set of criteria that have been employed in designating certain treatments as “empirically validated” or “empirically supported.” In contrast to the appropriate concern with examining the evidence for the efficacy of various approaches to therapy and for the theoretical assumptions that underlie them, the “empirically supported treatments” movement has been characterized more by ideology and faulty assumptions than by good science. This paper examines in detail the scientific and logical limitations of the “EST” movement and aims to place the empirical investigation of theory and practice in psychotherapy on a sounder basis.
The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education: Introducing the Entrepreneurship Education Project

The Entrepreneurship ducation roject (http://www.trepeducation.com) is a global, longitudinal research initiative through which university students offer entrepreneurship educators and researchers ...
Jet noise source location by cross-correlation of far field microphone signals

A theoretical analysis is presented for the evaluation of correlation functions of many spatially separated noise sources in a jet. A one-dimensional model is considered in which the noise sources are located on the axis of the jet downstream of the nozzle. The theory for extracting the spatial distribution from far field cross-correlations by signal analysis is derived. The advantage of this method is that difficult numerical inversions are not needed.
Digital Recording for Spectrum Analysis

Digital recording of spectra on magnetic tape in computer format is described and illustrated. The density of points required and the resulting volume of data are considered both as to the needs for computation and for spectral representation. For maximum resolution in wavelength or frequency, digital discrimination should recognize intervals of less than one-tenth the spectral slit width. At least five points for each interval is suggested. Noise reduction by computer averaging of points within each interval is shown.
Use of thermography in clinical allergy

Abstract Thermography was used in evaluating: (1) immediate skin reactions in darkly pigmented skin; (2) altered vascularity in atopic dermatitis; and (3) nasal response to ragweed challenge. In detecting immediate skin reactions, thermography had great usefulness in dark-skinned patients in whom clinical evaluation was difficult. Under controlled environmental conditions, atopic individuals with and without atopic dermatitis demonstrated a tendency to increased skin temperatures at areas of predilection for atopic dermatitis as compared to nonatopic persons. Changes in the nasal region with simultaneous changes in the region of the paranasal sinuses were recorded thermographically following ragweed challenge in ragweed-sensitive subjects. Thermograms remained abnormal after the physical examination had returned to normal. The results of this study indicate that thermography can be useful in clinical Allergy.
OX40 promotes Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 expression and is essential for long-term survival of CD4 T cells.

Abstract It is important to understand which molecules are essential for long-lived immunity. We show that OX40 (CD134) is required with CD28 for the survival of CD4 T cells following antigen-driven expansion. In contrast to CD28 −/− T cells, which show defects early, OX40 −/− T cells are relatively unimpaired in IL-2 production, cell division, and expansion. However, OX40 −/− T cells fail to maintain high levels of Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 4–8 days after activation, and undergo apoptosis. Conversely, OX40 stimulation promotes Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 and suppresses apoptosis. Moreover, retroviral transduction of OX40 −/− T cells with Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 reverses their survival defect. Thus, a temporal relationship exists between CD28 and OX40, with OX40 being a critical regulator of antigen-driven T cell survival.
Image reconstruction using wavelets

Image reconstruction from the measurements of the image Fourier transform modula is an important and difficult problem. Among all the approaches developed to solve this problem, the iterative algorithms remain the most efficient. However, these algorithms suffer from a major drawback that limits their practical application. In this paper we introduce a wavelet adaptation of one of the iterative algorithms that can significantly improve the performance of these algorithms while dramatically reducing their computational complexity.
Multiple scattering theory of photoemission

The multiple scattering Xα method has been used to calculate the photoionization cross sections of H2, N2, and CO. It has been shown previously that for N2 there is a shape resonance about 1 Rydberg above threshold. The position and width of this resonance are investigated for various possible potentials and a single center expansion of the potential is constructed which shows the kind of barrier associated with resonances. Finally, the existence of a similar resonance in CO is used to deduce the orientation of the molecular axis for CO adsorbed on nickel.
Pregnancy surveillance with Doppler velocimetry of uterine and umbilical arteries.

Previous studies with Doppler velocimetry have demonstrated a strong correlation between abnormal waveforms and fetal-maternal disease. This study was designed to evaluate the potential role of Doppler velocimetry as a screening test in routine prenatal care. Two hundred fifty-five pregnant women had routine monthly Doppler (systolic/end-diastolic ratio) studies on the uterine and umbilical arteries starting in the twentieth week of gestation. When a cutoff value of 3 was used at 30 weeks for the umbilical arteries, there were 35 (13%) positive tests. In 20 of these values fell to
Application of fast Fourier transform to nonlinear fixed‐bed adsorption problems

Le calcul de la cinetique du processus est applique a une colonne a garnissage non poreux, en ecoulement piston sans dispersion axiale avec une cinetique d'ordre 2
The association of biological and psychological attributions for depression with social support seeking intentions in individuals with depressive symptoms.

Background: Research suggests that biological and psychological attributions for depression are related to professional help-seeking, but the association of these attributions with informal support seeking in social relationships is unknown. As social support is linked with recovery from depression and a lower likelihood of experiencing future episodes of depression, it is important to understand factors that influence an individual's decision to seek social support. Aims: The present study examined depressed individuals’ own attributions for their depressive symptoms (i.e. personal attributions), perceptions of a friend's attributions for these symptoms (i.e. perceived attributions), and the depressed individuals’ willingness to seek social support from that friend. Method: Eighty-six individuals experiencing at least mild depressive symptoms completed self-report measures of personal attributions, perceived attributions, and a social support seeking intentions scale. Results: Participants’ own attributions for depressive symptoms were unrelated to their willingness to seek social support. In contrast, perceived biological attributions were related to greater help-seeking intentions, whereas perceived psychological attributions were associated with lower support seeking intentions. Conclusions: These results suggest that decisions to seek social support are more influenced by perceptions of others’ beliefs about depression than one's own beliefs.
Rational Versus Irrational Prejudices: How Problematic Is the Ideological Lopsidedness of Social Psychology?

The Inbar and Lammers (2012, this issue) survey revealed potentially disturbing pockets of ideological intolerance among social psychologists. Their findings raise a mix of procedural-justice quest...
Lockedness profile for non-homogeneous liberation of symmetrical particles

Abstract Comminution of a solid consisting of two phases of unequal hardness is non-homogeneous. This paper presents an analysis of the effect, on the volume locking profile of symmetrical particles, due to non-homogeneous comminution. It is shown that, for a two-phase material, the lockedness profile is asymmetrical with more of the locked particles containing a preponderance of the harder, less brittle phase. For symmetrical particles, the Ferrara point is independent of differential hardness, and has the same value as that for homogeneous liberation.
Deep space tracking and frequency standards

A number of applications of spacecraft tracking measurements are presented, along with discussions of how these measurements depend on frequency and timing. Requirements imposed by tracking are identified for the station frequency reference in terms of timing, stability, and spectral purity. Requirements are identified for the spacecraft on board oscillator, and requirements are identified for interstation time and frequency synchronization. The fundamental form of the effects of clock epoch offset, clock rate offset, and clock instability on Doppler, range, and interferometric tracking observables is presented. Examples are given of tracking techniques which are currently limited by the performance of frequency standards. >
Gender differences in email and instant messaging: a study of undergraduate business information systems students

This study examined gender differences concerning the use and perceived usefulness of email and instant messaging software. A sample of students in the Business Information Systems Department at Utah State University was surveyed on how frequently they used email and instant messaging. Participants were also asked to rate both media in terms of usefulness using a scale based on previous research by Davis (1986, 1989). The survey collected information on use and perceived usefulness when communicating with people who were geographically close and geographically distant. The findings provide supportive evidence that women perceived email as more useful than men did when communicating with people who were geographically distant. Aside from that difference, this study suggests that male and female college students use and perceive email and instant messaging in a similar manner. There was no supporting evidence to show a statistically significant difference between men and women perceptions of email or instant messaging usefulness and frequency of use when communicating with people who were geographically close. There was also no supporting evidence to show a statistically significant difference of usefulness perceptions between men and women when using instant messaging for communicating with people who were geographically distant.
Assessing the Stability of Trust in Government Across Election Periods

Objective Past research shows that electoral context prompts changes in political trust. In the United States, data limitations confine this literature to status-quo affirming presidential elections. We extend previous research to unexamined contexts: elections with partisan presidential changes, midterm elections with shifts in congressional control, and nonelection periods. Method Original panel data from 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010, and 2012 are used. Data were obtained from surveys administered to students enrolled at a large midwestern university. We compare context effects on trust and other political attitudes, and contrast trust levels among winners and losers in each context. Results We find that trust is more malleable than most other attitudes in all periods; it is less stable in presidential elections than congressional elections; and there is no evidence of winner and loser effects. Conclusion Our findings reveal the importance of political context in explaining the stability of trust by showing that trust levels are more changeable in certain contexts than others, specifically more changeable in presidential than in congressional elections.
Searching Genomes for Noncoding RNA Using FastR

The discovery of novel noncoding RNAs has been among the most exciting recent developments in biology. It has been hypothesized that there is, in fact, an abundance of functional noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with various catalytic and regulatory functions. However, the inherent signal for ncRNA is weaker than the signal for protein coding genes, making these harder to identify. We consider the following problem: Given an RNA sequence with a known secondary structure, efficiently detect all structural homologs in a genomic database by computing the sequence and structure similarity to the query. Our approach, based on structural filters that eliminate a large portion of the database while retaining the true homologs, allows us to search a typical bacterial genome in minutes on a standard PC. The results are two orders of magnitude better than the currently available software for the problem. We applied FastR to the discovery of novel riboswitches, which are a class of RNA domains found in the untranslated regions. They are of interest because they regulate metabolite synthesis by directly binding metabolites. We searched all available eubacterial and archaeal genomes for riboswitches from purine, lysine, thiamin, and riboflavin subfamilies. Our results point to a number of novel candidates for each of these subfamilies and include genomes that were not known to contain riboswitches.
Centrally administered orexin A increases motivation for sweet pellets in rats

Rationale Centrally administered orexin A induces both feeding and locomotion in rats. Thus, the feeding response following orexin A administration may be secondary to general increases in activity rather than a specific motivation to eat.
Study on Treatment of Domestic Wastewater by Submerged Flat MBR

The treatment of dormitory and refectory mixed wastewater by a submerged flat membrane bioreactor (MBR) was studied. The A/O MBR system treated wastewater 4 m3/d. The mean removal efficiency of BOD5 and CODCr was more than 95% with the influent concentration of 100~500 mg/L BOD5 and 120-900 mg/L CODCr. It was proved that active carbon treatment reduced effluent chroma effectively. At the steady working period (MLSS 8,000~15,000 mg/L), TN and NH3-N removal efficiencies were more than 85%, and that of TP was between 50% and 95%. Besides, this paper studied the membrane fouling mechanism and revealed that membrane fouling was affected by MLSS, particle size distribution of sludge and composition of raw water. We found that the diameter of sludge particles changes with the MLSS. We also found the small particles caused membrane fouling. The results proved that submerged flat MBR was suitable to treat small-or-medium-size domestic and industrial wastewater and would have a promising future.
How Do University Inventions Get Into Practice

Jeannette Colyvas • Michael Crow • Annetine Gelijns • Roberto Mazzoleni Richard R. Nelson • Nathan Rosenberg • Bhaven N. Sampat Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 Office of the Executive Vice Provost, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 INCHOIR, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 Department of Economics and Geography, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11594 School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 colyvas@leland.stanford.edu • mc71@columbia.edu • acp10@columbia.edu • ecorzm@mail1.hofstra.edu rrn2@columbia.edu • nate@leland.stanford.edu • bhaven.sampat@pubpolicy.gatech.edu
Comparative Epidermal Ultrastructure of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Leaf, Bract and Capsule Wall

Abstract Cotton leaves are more physiologically active than the bract and the capsule wall of the fruiting structures. To elucidate the disparities in their physiological behaviour, epidermal cell density, stomatal index, stomatal size, trichome density and type, and epicuticular wax ultrastructure of cotton leaf, bract and capsule wall were delineated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The epidermal cells of the outer periclinal walls on both surfaces of the leaf and bract were raised and convex. Conversely, the capsule wall epidermal cells were polygonal with flat outer periclinal walls. The stomatal complex in the leaf and bract was paracytic, whereas in the capsule wall the stomatal complex was anomocytic. The adaxial and abaxial stomata of the leaf were coplanar to the epidermal surface, as opposed to the raised adaxial stomata on the bract. On the contrary, the stomata on the capsule wall surface appeared to be slightly sunken. Furthermore, the capsule wall stomata were larger than the stomata on either surface of both the leaf and the bract. The stomatal index was greater on the abaxial surfaces of the leaf and the bract (18.4 and 9.4, respectively) than their corresponding adaxial surfaces (14.4 and 4.7, respectively). Leaves had the highest stomatal index followed by the bract and the capsule wall. The indumentum consisted of glandular and nonglandular trichomes, the density of which was greater on the abaxial surfaces than on the adaxial surfaces of the leaf and bract. The capsule wall indumentum lacked nonglandular trichomes. Epicuticular wax occurred in the form of striations. However, the striation pattern varied among the organs. This study clearly illustrates morphological disparities in the epidermal features of leaf, bract and capsule wall, helping to explain their physiological divergence.
Adaptive resource allocations for D-TDD systems in wireless cellular networks

We propose adaptive resource allocation algorithms for dynamic time division duplex (D-TDD) systems in wireless cellular networks. Recently, D-TDD has gained much attention as an efficient duplex scheme for high-speed data communications, because its adaptive switching ability enables a system to obtain statistical multiplexing gain by exploiting dynamic and asymmetric data traffic. However, it has been noted that strong cochannel interference can be present due to adaptive switching in a cellular network that uses frequency reuse. To suppress the effect of strong cochannel interference and obtain the benefit of D-TDD, we employ a time slot allocation (TSA) strategy along with sector antenna layouts. In addition to bandwidth adaptation to the dynamic and asymmetric traffic pattern, we also change the transmission mode based on the channel state of each link. For each time slot, the modulation level can be adaptively selected from multilevel transmission modes, satisfying the required packet error rate (PER) performance. Hence, the algorithm not only suppresses cochannel interference by co-operative time slot allocation, but also adopts multi-level transmission modes, with different modulation formats and coding for each time slot, so that maximum spectral efficiency can be achieved. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of these systems.
Know your enemy: learning from in-game opponents

In this paper we present a novel approach to the design of game-based learning environments in which the content to be taught is embodied by the opponents the learners compete against as they play. By providing the player with the resources to make sense of the concepts exemplified by their opponents, as well as the tools needed to incorporate the concepts into their own gameplay strategy, players are challenged to learn from their opponents in order to advance in the game. This paper introduces RoboBuilder, a blocks-based, program-to-play game that uses this design strategy to introduce programming novices to core computer science concepts. Along with more fully developing this design principle, we provide evidence from a preliminary study conducted with RoboBuilder of players learning from their opponents to create winning strategies that use the concepts designed into the opponents they are facing.
Cardiovascular Disease in Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer: A Danish Cohort Study, 1943–2009

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease has emerged as a serious late effect in survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer, but risk has not been quantified comprehensively in a population-based setting. METHODS In the Danish Cancer Registry, we identified 43153 1-year survivors of cancer diagnosed at ages 15 to 39 years (1943-2009) and alive in 1977; from the Danish Civil Registration System, we randomly selected a comparison cohort of the same age and sex. Subjects were linked to the Danish Patient Register, and observed numbers of first hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes I10-I79) were compared with the expected numbers derived from the comparison cohort. We calculated the absolute excess risks attributable to status as a survivor of cancer and standardized hospitalization rate ratios (RRs). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS During follow-up, 10591 survivors (24.5%) were discharged from the hospital with cardiovascular disease, whereas 8124 were expected (RR = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI)] = 1.28 to 1.33; P < .001). The absolute excess risks were 400 and 350 extra cases of cardiovascular disease per 100000 person-years for people aged 20 to 59 and 60 to 79 years at discharge, respectively. Survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma experienced high risks for being hospitalized with valvular disease (RR = 12.2; 95% CI = 9.9 to 15.0; P < .001). Survivors of leukemia had high risks for cerebral hemorrhage (RR = 10.3; 95% CI = 5.5 to 19.1; P < .001) and cardiomyopathy (RR = 8.6; 95% CI = 4.3 to 17.3; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease throughout life, although each main type of adolescent and young adult cancer had its own risk profile.
A palaeomagnetic determination of the emplacement temperature of some South African kimberlites

Summary. Seventeen wall rock samples close to the contact and seven accidental inclusions have been collected from four South African kimberlite pipes. Magnetic measurements on these samples have been analysed to determine the viscous partial thermoremanence (VPTRM) acquired by them at the time of the emplacement of the kimberlite. Numerical integration of the heat flow equation for a thermal model including convection of the emplaced material has been performed to determine an upper limit for the emplacement temperatures required to cause the observed WTRM. It is concluded that in these pipes the kimberlitic material, at least down to the levels studied, was almost certainly emplaced at a temperature of less than 35OoC. The emplacement temperature cannot have been greatly overestimated and it is suggested that the emplacement temperature was about 30OoC.
Effects of acute viral respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis.

To determine the effects of acute viral respiratory infections (ARI) in cystic fibrosis (CF) we studied all episodes of ARI in ten patients over a 2 year period. A daily diary card was kept on which they recorded all illnesses, including specific upper and lower respiratory symptoms, antibiotic use, and daily peak flow measurements. Recording of concurrent similar illnesses in other household members aided in confirming the onset of ARI, as did a home viral culturing technique and serial serum antibody levels against specific viral types. A total of 80% of the 35 recorded onsets of ARI (1.75/yr/subject) were confirmed by one or more of these methods. Five subjects with moderate to severe pulmonary function scores at the outset of the study had significantly greater decreases in PEFR during ARI episodes (42.4%) than those with milder disease (15.4%), and it took them significantly longer to recover to their baseline measurements (22 days vs. 15 days respectively). The majority of hospital admissions for pulmonary exacerbations were preceded by viral infections (7/8). Pediatr Pulmonol 1989; 7:217–222.
An evolutionary perspective on the behavioral consequences of exogenous oxytocin application

Oxytocin (OT) is released in response to social signals, particularly positive ones like eye contact, social touch, sexual behavior, and affiliative vocalizations. Conversely, exogenous delivery of OT has diverse behavioral effects, sometimes promoting affiliative and prosocial behaviors, but sometimes suppressing them. Here, we argue that one unifying interpretation of these diverse effects is to view OT as an evolutionarily conserved physiological signal indicating affiliative interactions and predicting their behavioral consequences. In this model, OT regulates the way information about the social environment accesses the neural circuitry responsible for social behavior, thereby shaping it in sometimes counterintuitive but adaptive ways. Notably, prosociality is not always the most adaptive response to an affiliative signal from another individual. In many circumstances, an asocial or even antisocial response may confer greater fitness benefits. We argue that the behavioral effects of exogenous OT delivery not only parallel the behavioral effects of affiliative interactions, but are themselves adaptive responses to affiliative interactions. In support of this idea, we review recent evidence that OT does not unilaterally enhance social attention, as previously thought, but often reduces the salience of social signals in the environment. Such diminished social vigilance may be an adaptive response to affiliative social interactions because it frees attentional resources for the pursuit of other goals. Finally, we predict that OT may mediate other behavioral consequences of social interactions, such as reduced predator vigilance, and argue that this is a rich avenue for future behavioral and neurobiological study.
Advanced mimo-cdma receiver for interference suppression: algorithms, system-on-chip architectures and design methodology

MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology is proposed in CDMA systems for much higher rate packet services. The receiver architecture is essential for the mobile devices to support high speed multimedia service. The design challenges come from both detection algorithms and hardware architectures. Much more complicated algorithms are required to suppress various interferences. However, the current hardware design architecture and methodology is falling far behind the requirements of small size, low cost and power consumption. System-On-Chip (SoC) architectures are a major revolution taking place in the design of integrated circuits due to many advantages in the power consumption and compact size. The VLSI-oriented complexity reduction of the numerical algorithms plays an essential role to design efficient real-time architectures. Thus, the thesis contributes to three major aspects: to propose high performance algorithms with realistic complexity in different channel conditions; to propose real-time SoC architectures with area/speed/power efficiency; and to propose an efficient design methodology for modelling, partitioning/binding, verification and synthesis of the wireless systems. Specifically, to cut the design cycle and enable extensive architecture tradeoff study, an integrated wireless development methodology by High-Level-Synthesis for joint algorithm and architecture optimization is proposed. To address the performance/complexity tradeoff, we propose two LMMSE equalizer algorithms and SoC architectures for different channel conditions. Both an FFT circulant MIMO equalizer and a frequency domain iterative equalizer are proposed to avoid Direct-Matrix-Inverse for the well-conditioned channel as well as long channels working in bad conditions respectively. We then propose a displacement Kalman equalizer with VLSI-oriented architectural optimization for better performance in fast fading environments. For systems with the multi-users' signaling, we propose an adaptive Parallel-Residue-Compensation architecture with stage and user specific weights by viewing the multiple transmitter antennas as virtual users to cancel the interferences explicitly. The increased accuracy in interference cancellation leads to significant performance gain over both the complete and partial PIC. The complexity is reduced by using the commonality to avoid the direct interference cancellation. Finally, dynamic power management schemes are proposed to reduce the power consumption in the VLSI architectures using the inherent features of the interference suppression algorithms.
Refusing Vengeance, Abiding Precariousness: Judith Butler's Critique of Sovereign Individualism and the Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada

In recent work, from Precarious Life through Frames of War, Judith Butler has not only lodged a strong critique of individual autonomy but also tried to illuminate a new bodily ontology, one that implies the rethinking of precariousness, vulnerability, injurability, interdependency, exposure, bodily persistence, desire, work and the claims of language and social belonging. Apprehending this new bodily political ontology has the potential for a better understanding of the ways in which 'we' are made (im)possible by social and political conditions on which 'we' depend. This paper will try to cash out some of the implications of Butler's theorizing of 'precarious life' in an analysis of the remarkable 2005 film The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada, the hybrid production of from Mexican screenwriter Guillermo Arriaga and American actor-director Tommy Lee Jones. The film concerns the Jones character's efforts to return his friend Melquiades to his family and bury him properly in his home town. This film's depiction of the complex human relationships between Mexicans and Americans in the Texas border context not only explodes the easy Manicheanism of the nativist immigration debate, but also illuminates many of the concerns animating Butler's concern with 'precarity' as what she calls 'that politically induced condition in which certain populations suffer from failing social and economic networks of support and become differentially exposed to injury, violence, and death'.
Practical Implications of Injured Microorganisms in Food

Recognition of sublethally impaired microorganisms is essential to practical interpretations of data in food microbiology. Sublethal injury induced by exposure to environmental stress often is demonstrated as a loss by the microorganism of one or more abilities to function characteristically under conditions that are satisfactory for untreated cells. Various treatments related to food processing such as heat; cold; freezing-thawing; freeze-drying; moisture reduction; irradiation; and exposure to food environments, sanitizers. or preservatives may induce sublethal damage in cells or spores. Many cellular modifications may be observed in injured cells. Included are susceptibility to selective agents and antimicrobials, leakage of intracellular material, and modified metabolic activities. Injury is characterized by the capability of the microorganism to return to normalcy during a resuscitation process in which the damaged essential components are repaired. Sublethal damage in spores must be considered speci...
Probing into the orientation and reformation of property rights in state-owned hospital

It is a key factor that the government how to orientate the state-owned hospital, which decides how much the breakthrough and effect will be obtained in the reformation of state-owned hospitals property rights. In field of health care, except for prevention and health care, most products are belonged to private products, which can be operated freely. However, at present, it is not clear and proper that the orientation of state-owned hospitals is, and lacks the maneuverability. Being able to adopt two methods in the reformation of state-owned hospitals property rights, one is corporate governance, and another is generally democratic mode.
Common problems in pediatric gynecology.

SUMMARY A knowledge of the special concerns and physiology in pediatric female patients allows the physician to obtain pertinent histories and appropriate examinations. This information permits diagnosis and treatment of sequelae of sexual abuse, common gynecologic infections, and trauma. More complex problems, such as determination of sources of vaginal bleeding and endocrinopathies, also can be evaluated. Finally, benign and malignant conditions affecting the internal and external genitalia may be diagnosed and treated or referred to a subspecialist as needed.