cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrical Impedance Myography Is Reliable and Correlates to Measures of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy Disease Severity (S36.006)

Objective: Here we determine the reliability and concordant validity of Electrical Impedance Myography (EIM) as a measure of muscle structure and function in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Background: FSHD is a common muscular dystrophy causing a progressive loss of motor ability. Recent identification of potential therapeutic targets has shifted emphasis in the FSHD research community to clinical trial planning. EIM is a fast, painless method to gain quantitative information about muscle structure. Methods: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study of 35 genetically defined and clinically affected FSHD patients. EIM was collected at baseline and <3 weeks on 16 bilateral muscles, including muscles in the arms, legs, abdominals and paraspinals, and summary scores based on body region were derived. Reactance and phase at 50 and 100 kHz was compared to standard FSHD measures of strength, disease severity, and functional outcomes. Results: Participants were mostly male (27/35), adults, with a mean age 53.0 years (range 22-68), and moderately affected. Overall measurements of major muscle groups showed good to excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] 0.72-0.99). Summary scores for the arm, leg, and trunk showed excellent reliability (ICC 0.89-0.98). Reactance was the most sensitive EIM parameter to a wide variety of FSHD disease metrics, including: a clinical severity score, isolated strength testing, summary strength scores, and functional outcomes. Conclusions: EIM is a painless, reliable, quantitative measure of muscle composition which offers the possibility to serially evaluate affected muscles in FSHD patients. Study Supported by: FSHD Society grants (FSHS-22013 and FSHS-82012), NIAMS grant #U01AR065119, CTSA Award UL1 RR024160, and JS work on the project by KL2TR000119. Disclosure: Dr. Statland has nothing to disclose. Dr. Heatwole has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eichinger has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dilek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martens has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tawil has received personal compensation for activities with Acceleron, Atyr and Novartis.
Efficacy of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract Objectives This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Background The effect of ICD on mortality of patients with NICM and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% has recently been questioned. Prior randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ICD efficacy in patients with NICM have yielded conflicting results. Furthermore, whether ICD therapy benefits NICM patients with concomitant CRT is unknown. Methods Relevant RCTs published between 2000 and 2016 were identified. Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy were excluded. Study sample was stratified into CRT and non-CRT groups. The efficacy of having a defibrillator in each group was compared using random effects meta-analysis techniques. Results Six RCTs (N = 3,544) were included. Among the 2,347 patients who did not have CRT, ICD use was associated with a 24% reduction in mortality (relative risk [RR]: 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63 to 0.91; p = 0.003). However, among the 1,197 patients with CRT, having a CRT defibrillator was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in mortality (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.46 to 1.16; p = 0.19) compared to CRT-pacemaker. Subgroup analysis in non-CRT patients showed that ICD use reduced sudden cardiac death by 73% (RR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.50; p Conclusions Compared to medical therapy, ICD use significantly improved survival among patients with NICM and ejection fraction ≤35%. Although CRT-defibrillator was not associated with a statistically significant mortality benefit compared to CRT-pacemaker, the apparent lack of power in this analysis warrants further investigation.
Patients at Risk: Preoperative Opioid Use Affects Opioid Prescribing, Refills, and Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative opioid use on opioid prescriptions, refills, and clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A retrospective review identified 53 patients on preoperative opioids who were matched 1:2 to 106 opioid-naive patients undergoing primary TKA with at least 2-year follow-up. Opioid refills, Knee Society Score (preoperative and follow-up), morphine equivalent dose (MED) prescribed, and persistent opioid use were compared between groups. Results The average total MED prescribed at discharge was 1248 mg, ranging from 0 to 5600 mg. The average daily MED used before discharge was greater in the preoperative opioid group compared to the opioid-naive group (90 ± 75 mg vs 54 ± 42 mg; P = .001). The preoperative opioid group and opioid-naive group differed in terms of refills (1.3 ± 1.6 vs 0.4 ± 0.6; P = .0001), persistent opioid use (21 [39%] vs 5 [4%], P = .0001), postoperative KSS (85 ± 11 vs 90 ± 13; P = .01), and manipulations under anesthesia (4 [8%] vs 1 [1%], P = .03). Preoperative tramadol users had the same risk of refills, persistent opioid use, reduced KSS, and manipulation under anesthesia as those taking other opioids. Conclusion Preoperative opioid users were discharged with less opioids, required more refills, were more likely to remain on opioids, and required more manipulations under anesthesia than opioid-naive patients. These risks extended to preoperative tramadol users.
Characterizing chaotic behavior of REM sleep EEG using Lyapunov exponent

The Lyapunov exponent of the hippocampal EEG was calculated to examine its chaotic behavior. In particular, we study the REM sleep EEG of rats from hippocampal subfields cornu ammonis (CA1) and dentate gyrus (DG) that show prominent theta activity. Our main goal is to characterize, through nonlinear dynamics analysis, the ontogenetic variation between the granule cells of the DG and the pyramidal cells of the CA1 as the animal matures. We examined the hippocampal REM sleep EEG from rats of 15-day and 90-day of age. Our results show that the Lyapunov exponents of the hippocampal REM sleep EEG from both CA1 and DG are positive in 15-day and 90-day age groups, a strong evidence confirming their chaotic behavior. While the estimated Lyapunov exponents of hippocampal REM sleep EEG of CA1 and DG from 90-day rats are similar, the Lyapunov exponents of CA1 and DG from 15-day rats are significantly different.
Web Exclusives. Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Why Should Hospitalists Use Point-of-Care Ultrasound?

Over the past decade, hospitalists have begun to use point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to answer focused diagnostic questions at the bedside. As ultrasound machines have become more compact and affo...
Treatment of depression in late life.

This paper updates the 1996 review of treatment approaches published in the Am J Geriatr Psychiatry (1996;4[suppl 1]:S51-S65 [see ref33]) and a chapter in A Guide to Treatments that Work (Nathan PE, Gorman JM, eds), Oxford University Press, New York, 1998 [see ref 54]:. The major focus is on psychophannacoiogy with attention also to the evidence for the efficacy of psychotherapeutic and somatic approaches.
Fable of Land Reform: Expropriation and Redistribution in Occupied Japan

Land reform will not just reduce rural poverty, write development officials. It can raise productivity. It can promote civic engagement. Scholars routinely concur. Land reform may not always raise productivity and civic engagement, but it can - and during 1947-50 in occupied Japan it did.This account of the Japanese land reform program is a fable, a story officials and scholars tell because they wish it were true. It is not. The program did not hasten productivity growth. Instead, it probably retarded it. The areas with the most land transferred under the program did not experience the fastest rates of productivity growth. They experienced the slowest.Land reform reduced agricultural growth rates by interfering with the allocation of credit. A tenancy contract is a lease, and a lease is a capital market transaction. By precluding the use of leases, land reform effectively increased the cost of capital, reduced the amount of credit, and reduced the accuracy with which investors could target that credit. Banks provide an obvious alternative source of credit -- and post-land-reform, the areas with the fastest growth rates were those areas with the best access to those banks.The fable of land reform rests on a fictitious account of pre-war Japan. Scholars assume tenancy rates reflected poverty levels. They did not. Instead, they reflected levels of social capital. Leases were not most common in the poorest communities. Given their character as capital market transactions, they were most common in those communities where investors could turn to social networks to induce farmers to keep their word.
Calcium and Cardiomyopathies

Regulation of Calcium (Ca) cycling by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) underlies the control of cardiac contraction during excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. Moreover, alterations in E-C coupling occurring in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure are characterized by abnormal Ca-cycling through the SR network. A large body of evidence points to the central role of: a) SERCA and its regulator phospholamban (PLN) in the modulation of cardiac relaxation; b) calsequestrin in the regulation of SR Ca-load; and c) the ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca-channel in the control of SR Ca-release. The levels or activity of these key Ca-handling proteins are altered in cardiomyopathies, and these changes have been linked to the deteriorated cardiac function and remodeling. Furthermore, genetic variants in these SR Ca-cycling proteins have been identified, which may predispose to heart failure or fatal arrhythmias. This chapter concentrates on the pivotal role of SR Ca-cycling proteins in health and disease with specific emphasis on their recently reported genetic modifiers
DERIVATION AND PROPERTIES OF CONVOLVED AND SIMULTANEOUS TWO-MODE INPUT SHAPERS

Input shaping is a method of reducing residual vibrations in computer controlled machines. Vibration is eliminated by convolving a sequence of impulses with a desired system command to produce a shaped input that is then used to command the system. Techniques for designing input shapers for two-mode systems are presented. The properties of the various shapers are compared as a function of the mode ratio. Experimental data demonstrate key results.
Genetics of Language

Genetic influences on language are supported by evidence relating abnormalities in certain genes to a range of disorders affecting speech and language development in children. Evidence for a specialized ‘language gene’ for humans is currently lacking. Rather, a model is emerging, whereby genetic anomalies lead to perturbations in the development of certain components of the central nervous system, thus compromising the computational architecture required for normal speech and language development.
Development of a Data Acquisition System for Autonomous Vehicle Systems

A data acquisition system along with a sensor package was designed and installed on an existing mechanically-controlled system to gather more data on their usage patterns. The data collected through the developed system include GPS route, vehicle speed and acceleration, engine state, transmission state, seat occupancy, fuel level, and video recording. The sensor package was designed and integrated in a way that does not interfere with the driver’s operation of the system. Cellular network connectivity was employed to retrieve sensor data so as to minimize human effort and maintain typical usage patterns of the outfitted systems. Testing and validation results showed that the developed system can correctly and effectively record data necessary for further analysis and optimization. The collected data will significantly promote system activity simulations in order to facilitate optimizing work flow at large industrial facilities and improving energy efficiency.
Fragility Fractures in the Developing World: a Rising Challenge

Present the major aspects of fragility fractures, emphasizing their prevention and care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Fragility fractures will increase significantly during the next few decades, especially in LMICs. Demographic and socioeconomic data remain limited. Fragility fractures have a low priority for most LMICs, as well as for global public health leadership. The majority of the world’s population lives in LMICs. Their socioeconomic features and healthcare resources are heterogeneous, but all lack access to medical and surgical care, especially in more impoverished and rural regions. Fragility fractures are a major cause of disability with negative economic impact. Population growth and aging drive their increasing number and burden. Resources necessary for prevention and treatment are deficient. Present plans and corrective measures may be insufficient to address the global needs of fragility fractures.
Investigating the dynamics of droplet breakup in a microfluidic cross-slot device for characterizing the extensional properties of weakly-viscoelastic fluids

A microfluidic device, deemed the Plateau-Rayleigh microfluidic extensional rheometer (PRIMER), is presented that uses a cross-slot geometry to observe a two-phase droplet-breakup event in which the viscoelastic fluid is in the dispersed (or droplet) phase. For viscoelastic fluids, we report that a cylindrical filament forms between droplet segments with a diameter that decays exponentially in time. In optically tracking this decay, both transient extensional viscosity and extensional relaxation times can be evaluated. For validating and optimizing the device, a range of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions and Newtonian solutions were tested. Comparisons of the evolution profiles as a result of the presence of elasticity are made, and these results are compared with the results from dripping-onto-a-substrate (DoS), another emerging extensional technique.
Doxycycline and Tooth Discoloration in Children: Changing of Recommendations Based on Evidence of Safety:

Doxycycline use has historically been limited to children older than 8 years because of concerns regarding permanent tooth discoloration. Six studies assessed tooth discoloration in at least 338 patients exposed to doxycycline before 8 years of age. Six patients had potential discoloration, but studies consistently found no difference in tooth discoloration between exposed patients and controls. Recommendations have changed stating doxycycline, but not other tetracyclines, can be used for short courses (<21 days) regardless of age. Clinicians should be aware of these data because doxycycline use may extend to disease states apart from tick-borne illnesses in pediatric patients.
Stem photosynthesis in a desert ephemeral, Eriogonum inflatum : Characterization of leaf and stem CO2 fixation and H2O vapor exchange under controlled conditions.

Seasonal patterns in plant morphology, phenology, and physiology were monitored in several populations of Eriogonum inflatum, a desert ephemeral which produces a large photosynthetic inflorescence above a basal leaf rosette. Green stems accounted for 66–77% of whole plant photosynthetic surface area when integrated over a developmental cycle, whereas only 40–67% of the yearly transpirational water loss could be attributed to stems. Stems were found to have lower nitrogen and chlorophyll contents than leaves, and lower stomatal conductance under all physiological conditions encountered. However, because stems occur later in the year than leaves, comparison of physiological patterns was complicated by the two structures being exposed to different climatic regimes during their developmental cycles. Stems exhibited higher δ13C values than leaves, indicating that stems operated at higher water-use efficiencies than leaves, at least during periods when both leaves and stems were present. Higher water-use efficiency in stems of E. inflatum is attributed to both more conservative water use patterns and to their vertical orientation, allowing stems to remain photosynthetically active longer into the dry season after senescence of the horizontal leaf rosette.
Growth kinetics of gamma-prime precipitates in a directionally solidified eutectic, gamma/gamma-prime-delta

A directionally solidified eutectic alloy (DSEA), of those viewed as potential candidates for the next generation of aircraft gas turbine blade materials, is studied for the gamma-prime growth kinetics, in the system Ni-Nb-Cr-Al, specifically: Ni-20 w/o Nb-6 w/o Cr-2.5 w/o Al gamma/gamma-prime-delta DSEA. Heat treatment, polishing and etching, and preparation for electron micrography are described, and the size distribution of gamma-prime phase following various anneals is plotted, along with gamma-prime growth kinetics in this specific DSEA, and the cube of gamma-prime particle size vs anneal time. Activation energies and coarsening kinetics are studied.
A surface moving mesh method based on equidistribution and alignment

Abstract A surface moving mesh method is presented for general surfaces with or without explicit parameterization. The method can be viewed as a nontrivial extension of the moving mesh partial differential equation method that has been developed for bulk meshes and demonstrated to work well for various applications. The main challenges in the development of surface mesh movement come from the fact that the Jacobian matrix of the affine mapping between the reference element and any simplicial surface element is not square. The development starts with revealing the relation between the area of a surface element in the Euclidean or Riemannian metric and the Jacobian matrix of the corresponding affine mapping, formulating the equidistribution and alignment conditions for surface meshes, and establishing a meshing energy function based on the conditions. The moving mesh equation is then defined as the gradient system of the energy function, with the nodal mesh velocities being projected onto the underlying surface. The analytical expression for the mesh velocities is obtained in a compact, matrix form, which makes the implementation of the new method on a computer relatively easy and robust. Moreover, it is analytically shown that any mesh trajectory generated by the method remains nonsingular if it is so initially. It is emphasized that the method is developed directly on surface meshes, making no use of any information on surface parameterization. It utilizes surface normal vectors to ensure that the mesh vertices remain on the surface while moving, and also assumes that the initial surface mesh is given. The new method can apply to general surfaces with or without explicit parameterization since the surface normal vectors can be computed based on the current mesh. A selection of two- and three-dimensional examples are presented.
A narrative review of the impact of the transition to ICD-10 and ICD-10-CM/PCS.

Objectives The United States transitioned to the tenth version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system (ICD-10) for mortality coding in 1999 and to the International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification and Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-CM/PCS) on October 1, 2015. The purpose of this study was to conduct a narrative literature review to better understand the impact of the implementation of ICD-10/ICD-10-CM/PCS. Materials and methods We searched English-language articles in PubMed, Web of Science, and Business Source Complete and reviewed websites of relevant professional associations, government agencies, research groups, and ICD-10 news aggregators to identify literature on the impact of the ICD-10/ICD-10-CM/PCS transition. We used Google to search for additional gray literature and used handsearching of the references of the most on-target articles to help ensure comprehensiveness. Results Impact areas reported in the literature include: productivity and staffing, costs, reimbursement, coding accuracy, mapping between ICD versions, morbidity and mortality surveillance, and patient care. With the exception of morbidity and mortality surveillance, quantitative studies describing the actual impact of the ICD-10/ICD-10-CM/PCS implementation were limited and much of the literature was based on the ICD-10-CM/PCS transition rather than the earlier conversion to ICD-10 for mortality coding. Discussion This study revealed several gaps in the literature that limit the ability to draw reliable conclusions about the overall impact, positive or negative, of moving to ICD-10/ICD-10-CM/PCS in the United States. Conclusion These knowledge gaps present an opportunity for future research and knowledge sharing and will be important to consider when planning for ICD-11.
Addressing comorbid substance use/abuse in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Abstract Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and substance use disorders commonly co-occur. In this chapter, the focus is primarily on the treatment of a case where severe OCD presented with co-occurring alcohol and cannabis abuse. As efficacious interventions have been developed for alcohol and cannabis use, as well as for OCD, an integrative program of therapy was developed. The course of treatment is depicted, along with the initial plan as compared to the final plan that was executed. Good treatment outcome was observed, although the trajectory for change was longer than that for OCD uncomplicated by substance use. Conclusions highlight the comparable lack of systematic research on co-occurring substance use and OCD.
Understanding immunogenicity assessments for meningococcal serogroup B vaccines

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a potentially devastating infection associated with high mortality and long-term sequelae; however, vaccines are available to protect against the five common disease-causing serogroups (A, B, C, W, and Y). Because traditional field efficacy clinical trials were not feasible due to low IMD incidence that necessitates a very large number of participants, serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assays using rabbit (rSBA) or human (hSBA) complement were established as in vitro surrogates of meningococcal vaccine efficacy and are now routinely used to support vaccine licensure. Specifically, rSBA assays have been used to evaluate responses to meningococcal capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines against serogroups A, C, W, and Y; the accepted correlate of protection for rSBA assays is a titer ≥1:8. Importantly, because the bacterial capsular polysaccharide antigen is conserved across strains, only one test strain that expresses an invariant polysaccharide capsule for each serogroup is required to assess coverage. rSBA assays are unsuitable for subcapsular protein-based serogroup B (MenB) vaccines, and therefore, hSBA assays have been used for licensure; titers ≥1:4 are considered the correlate of protection against IMD for hSBA. In contrast to MenACWY vaccines, because bacterial surface proteins are antigenically variable, MenB vaccines must be tested with hSBA assays using multiple test strains that represent the antigenic diversity of disease-causing isolates. As this complexity regarding SBA assessment methods can make data interpretation difficult, herein we describe the use of hSBA assays to evaluate MenB vaccine efficacy and to support licensure. In addition, we highlight how the two recently approved MenB vaccines differ in their use of hSBA assays in clinical studies to demonstrate broad protection against MenB IMD.
Âges d’or et fausses nostalgies : Entre imaginaire vintage et déjà vu. Une analyse du discours nostalgique dans la culture populaire contemporaine

Le concept de faux souvenir n’est en rien nouveau; son existence remonte aux balbutiements de la psychanalyse et de la psychologie clinique. La photographie de famille presente a cet egard une situation d’enonciation toute particuliere. En effet, meme lorsque le referent (la personne photographiee) n’a guere de souvenirs de l’occasion en soi, la codification, le sens de l’image, le lien de connaissance, la reappropriation memorielle de l’evenement, aussi artificiels soient-ils, peuvent etre etablis par le biais d’un recit externe. Une manipulation du meme acabit est a l’origine du succes des series Stranger Things, Riverdale et Chilling Adventures of Sabrina qui usent d’un imaginaire vintage et deja vu pour bercer dans une douce nostalgie toute une generation de telespectateurs bien trop jeunes pour en saisir pleinement les references.
Reviving Zenobia: The Last Days and Forgotten Life of Martha E. Hunt, Transcendendalist

The story of Zenobia in The House of the Seven Gables is taken from the suicide of Martha Hunt. Standing at the periphery of the Transcendentalists in Concord, Hunt embraced its lessons of equality...
Deep Learning Based Load Forecasting: from Research to Deployment - Opportunities and Challenges.

Electricity load forecasting for buildings and campuses is becoming increasingly important as the penetration of distributed energy resources grows. Efficient operation and dispatch of DERs requires reasonably accurate prediction of future energy consumption in order to conduct near-real-time optimized dispatch of on-site generation and storage assets. Load forecasting has traditionally been done by electric utilities for load pockets spanning large geographic areas and therefore has not been a common practice in the buildings' and campuses' operational arena. Given the growing trends of research and prototyping in the grid-interactive efficient buildings domain, characteristics beyond simple algorithm forecast accuracy are important in determining the algorithm's true utility for the smart buildings. These other characteristics include the overall design of the deployed architecture and the operational efficiency of the forecasting system. In this work, we present a deep-learning-based load forecasting system that predicts the building load at one-hour interval for 18 hours in the future. We also present the challenges associated with the real-time deployment of such systems as well as the research opportunities presented by a fully functional forecasting system that has been developed within the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Intelligent Campus program.
Effectiveness of healthy eating interventions among children: A quantitative systematic review

AIMS This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of healthy eating interventions among normal-weight children. DESIGN A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. DATA SOURCES Seven databases were searched from the inception of each database until September 2019. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review of quantitative studies was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the PRISMA extension for reporting a synthesis without a meta-analysis. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in this review. A meta-analysis could not be conducted because of the observed heterogeneity across studies. There were mixed effects of the included interventions on healthy eating habits, ranging from effective to not effective. Only a few studies found behavioural determinants effective in enhancing healthy eating. CONCLUSION Because of the observed heterogeneity and varied outcome variables, a meta-analysis could not be conducted, and the overall effectiveness of the included interventions could not be verified. Interventions that were theory based, parent focused, and delivered through the multimodal interactive approach were found to be effective in enhancing healthy eating habits among children. More studies involving peers that are institution based need to be conducted.
He 3 -induced fission of nuclei 159 A 232

The fission of nuclei with $159\ensuremath{\le}A\ensuremath{\le}232$ induced by the bombardment of 19.1 to 44.5 MeV $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ ions has been measured using solid-state detectors with time-of-flight measurements. Analysis with statistical fission theory, including precompound nucleon emission, indicates fission barriers which decrease only slightly relative to the liquid-drop model values with decreasing $Z$, approaching about 90% of the liquid-drop model barrier for $A\ensuremath{\approx}160$. These results are in contrast with measurements at higher angular momenta which indicate much lower fission barriers (60 to 70% of the liquid-drop model) for this mass region. The angular correlations indicate complete, or slightly greater than complete momentum transfer to the compound system. This is in opposition to that observed using heavier projectiles where incomplete momentum transfer is probable.NUCLEAR REACTIONS, FISSION $^{159}\mathrm{Tb}$, $^{165}\mathrm{Ho}$, $^{169}\mathrm{Tm}$, $^{\mathrm{nat}}\mathrm{Ta}$, $^{\mathrm{nat}}\mathrm{Re}$, $^{194,195}\mathrm{Pt}$, $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$, $^{202}\mathrm{Hg}$, $^{205}\mathrm{Tl}$, $^{206,208}\mathrm{Pb}$, $^{\mathrm{nat}}\mathrm{Bi}$, $^{\mathrm{nat}}\mathrm{Th}$($^{3}\mathrm{He}$,f), $E(^{3}\mathrm{He})=19.1 \mathrm{to} 44.5$ MeV; measured ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{F}(\ensuremath{\theta}, E)$, angular correlations, coincident fragment kinetic energies; deduced relative mass division, total kinetic energy release, statistical-model fission parameters.
Efficient Transient Simulation of Single-Phase Grid-Feeding Converter System Using Frequency Response Optimized Integrators Considering Second Order Derivative

A novel power system transient simulation scheme based on frequency response optimized integrators considering second order derivative is applied to a single-phase grid-feeding converter system in this paper. The converter system under study is introduced in detail as well as how the different numerical integrators are utilized for each constituting component. Numerical case studies show that the novel transient simulation scheme is able to achieve computational efficiency without sacrificing accuracy.
Adaptive Variants of Optimal Feedback Policies.

We combine adaptive control directly with optimal or near-optimal value functions to enhance stability and closed-loop performance in systems with parametric uncertainties. Leveraging the fundamental result that a value function is also a control Lyapunov function (CLF), combined with the fact that direct adaptive control can be immediately used once a CLF is known, we prove asymptotic closed-loop convergence of adaptive feedback controllers derived from optimization-based policies. Both matched and unmatched parametric variations are addressed, where the latter exploits a new technique based on adaptation rate scaling. The results may have particular resonance in machine learning for dynamical systems, where nominal feedback controllers are typically optimization-based but need to remain effective (beyond mere robustness) in the presence of significant but structured variations in parameters.
The Rhetoric of Sound Rhetoric

In 2013, Rhetoric Society Quarterly published an early review of relevant books in sound studies. In “Auscultating Again,” Joshua Gunn et al. carefully read relevant texts in the amorphous field kn...
Gossip and the Group: A Self-Categorization Perspective

of the Dissertation Gossip and the Group: A Self-Categorization Perspective by Dana Turcotte Claremont Graduate University: 2012 Gossip is a little studied topic and even fewer studies have examined gossip from the perspective of social identity and self categorization theories. However, many of the functions of gossip have significant implications for group processes, including bonding, norm transmission and reinforcement, marginalization of deviants, and social influence. Particularly for those on the margins of the group, gossip may be used as a tool to gain acceptance in the group, as gossip is an effective way to express group loyalty and adherence to group norms. Study One investigated the extent to which being a prototypical member of one’s group was predictive of likelihood to spread gossip. Using sororities as the group, members were presented with a hypothetical piece of gossip and asked the extent to which the member who gossiped is peripheral, how likely they would be to share the gossip with other group members, and how prototypical they perceive themselves to be of the sorority. It was predicted that peripheral group members would be more likely to spread gossip than other group members, particularly about other peripheral group members, and particularly when the information was not highly negative. Study Two was conducted in parallel, using the same methodology, but with a piece of gossip about a celebrity instead of a fellow sorority member. It was predicted that the results would mirror those of Study One and that peripheral members would be most likely to spread the gossip. While none of the stated hypotheses were supported, there were several unanticipated interactions. In both Study One and Study Two, there was a significant three-way interaction, in that a highly uncertain respondent, a prototypical target, and relatively mild negative gossip was associated with anticipated transmission to the highest number of sorority members. While the results were unanticipated, they are not inexplicable and the implications for research in the areas of gossip, celebrity, and self categorization theory are discussed. .
Investigating the thermophysical properties of the ice–snow interface under a controlled temperature gradient: Part I: Experiments & Observations

Abstract Of critical importance for avalanche forecasting, is the ability to draw meaningful conclusions from only a handful of field observations. To that end, it is common for avalanche forecasters to not only have to rely on sparse data, but also on their own intuitive understanding of how their field-based observations may be correlated to complex physical processes responsible for structural instability within a snowpack. One such well-documented basis for mechanical instability to increase within a snowpack is that caused by the presence of a buried ice lens or ice crust. Although such icy layers are naturally formed and frequently encountered in seasonal snowpacks, very little is known about the microstructural evolution of these layers and how they contribute toward weak layer development. Furthermore, in terms of assessing the structural integrity of the snowpack, there is at the present time no consistent treatment for identifying these layers a priori as problematic or benign. To address this issue, we have created an idealized laboratory scenario in which we can study how an artificially created ice lens may affect the thermophysical and microstructural state of the interface between the ice lens and adjacent layers of snow while under a controlled temperature gradient of primarily − 100 K m − 1 . Utilizing in situ micro-thermocouple measurements, our findings show that a super-temperature gradient exists within only a millimeter of the ice lens surface that is many times greater than the imposed bulk temperature gradient. Such large temperature gradients on such a small scale would not be measurable by most field-based instrumentation and to our knowledge these laboratory-based in situ measurements are the first of their kind. Additionally, we have also investigated and characterized the microstructural evolution of the ice–snow interface with X-ray Micro-computed Tomography and Scanning Electron Microscopy. In our analysis, we have been able to identify distinct regions of simultaneous ice crystal growth, sublimation, and kinetic snow metamorphism. We hold that these observations are both consistent with previous laboratory studies and observations made in the natural environment.
Urinary nucleic acid breakdown products as markers for trophoblastic diseases.

Abstract A feasibility study on the use of urinary nucleoside markers for the management of trophoblastic disease is presented. The markers return to normal rapidly after effectve therapy, whereas the human chorionic gonadotropin levels remain elevated longer before reaching normal. If this finding is valid in a larger number of patients, it may spare patients with trophoblastic disease needless continuation of chemotherapy.
Analogical Propositions in Moist Texts

This article is an effort to improve understanding between Moist and Aristotelian logics on analogy. I argue that Chinese logic can neither fit in Aristotelian deductive framework, nor completely fit in Aristotelian inductive framework. One of the major reasoning skills that ancient Chinese logicians applied is analogical reasoning. Having examined thirteen Moist analogical propositions in a Moist text, the Da Qu 〈大取〉from the perspective of finding rationales (li 理) among things, I conclude that if the rationales can be found in a changing world, then Chinese logicians seek for the “beauty of creative thinking” in the process of argumentation.
The Characteristics of Incestuous Fathers

Until very recently there has been a dearth of empirical research on incestuous fathers. Even though the number of cases of intrafamilial sexual abuse coming to professional attention has skyrocketed, reaching close to 100,000 in the United States in 1985, studies of the perpetrators of this abuse have been scarce. Professionals have been forced to rely on several less-than-definitive resources.
Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Express CYP27B1 and Are Growth Inhibited by 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-3, the Major Circulating Form of Vitamin D-3

1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1alpha,25(OH)2D3], the active form of cholecalciferol, is a negative growth regulator of breast cancer cells. CYP27B1 is a cytochrome P450-containing hydroxylase expressed in kidney and other tissues that generates 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 from an inactive vitamin D precursor 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3]. In these studies, we tested the hypothesis that mammary cells express CYP27B1 and locally produce 1alpha,25(OH)2D3, which acts in an autocrine manner to regulate cell turnover. Using Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR, CYP27B1 mRNA and protein were detected in immortalized, nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) cultures. Furthermore, HMEC cultures were dose dependently growth inhibited by physiological concentrations of 25(OH)D3, suggesting that CYP27B1 converts this precursor cholecalciferol metabolite to 1alpha,25(OH)2D3, the ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In support of this suggestion, both 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 transactivated VDR in HMEC cultures, as measured by induction of a vitamin D responsive reporter gene and upregulation of CYP24, an endogenous VDR target gene. No induction of CYP24 by 25(OH)D3 was observed in mammary cells derived from CYP27B1 null mice. Similar results were observed in 2 independently derived immortalized HMEC lines as well as in primary cultures derived from human breast epithelium. These are the first studies to demonstrate that nontransformed human mammary cells express CYP27B1, that they are growth inhibited by physiologically relevant concentrations of 25(OH)D3, and that they provide a biological mechanism linking vitamin D status to breast cancer risk.
Pelagic capture of abyssobenthic macrourid fish

Abstract This is the first known report of the midwater capture of a species of macrourid that lives on the abyssal plain. Four Coryphaenoides filifer were caught in an Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl over 500 m above the 2700- to 2800-m sea floor in the northeastern Pacific Ocean off central Oregon. Such behavior helps to explain the presence of pelagic organisms in the stomachs abyssobenthic macrourids and may accelerate transport of energy and elements to the deep-sea benthos.
Animating parsing algorithms

The paper describes a package that can be used to present the parsing algorithms. The package fully animates the top-down LL(1) and bottom-up SLR(1) parsing algorithms. By full animation we mean that the input string being parsed, the corresponding actions that take place in the stack, and the building of the parse tree are all simultaneously animated on the same screen, thus enabling the user to get a full appreciation of all the intricate details that occur during parsing. The package makes use of XTANGO and can be used in the beginning of the semester as a teaching tool. Later, the students could be asked to write their own animations of the compiling process.
Simplified assessment of right ventricular function with cardiac MR using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Introduction Right ventricular function (RVF) is a key prognostic factor in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While cardiac MRI is the gold standard for assessment of RVF, quantitative measurement is effort-intensive. Measurement of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) using echo is a simplified measure of RVF that correlates well with invasive hemodynamics, RVF, and predicts outcomes in PAH.
Modulation of water proton relaxation rates by liposomes containing paramagnetic materials

Liposomes containing paramagnetic chemicals have significant potential for enhancing the effectiveness and selectivity of contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. We have studied the interactions of water, liposomes, and contrast agents using NMR and ESR. We find that the permeability of liposomes to water is of major importance in determining the effects of these systems on water proton relaxation. Key factors include (1) liposome composition, which determines the phospholipid membrane phase behavior as a function of temperature; (2) liposome structure (unilamellar or multilamellar); (3) location of the contrast agent in the liposome (aqueous space or lipid membrane); and (4) binding of contrast agents by liposomes. By appropriate selection of these factors it is possible to obtain effective proton relaxation enhancement in a manner suitable for particular experimental or clinical needs for contrast in MRI. For maximum relaxivity using lipophilic nitroxides, the optimum system appears to be 5-doxyl stearate in multilamellar vesicles with a membrane composition that gives a phase transition temperature slightly above body temperature. © 1988 Academic Press, Inc.
Aging and intelligence: Changing perspectives in the twentieth century

Abstract Research on psychometric measurement of intelligence in adulthood and old age has generated a great deal of debate. It is the thesis of this article that new empirical data and developments in research design and methodology are among the forces that have affected perspectives on intelligence in adulthood and old age. Four contrasting perspectives of adult intelligence are presented that characterize the changing interpretations of research undertaken during the twentieth century on aging and intelligence. These are named Phases I–IV. The perspectives follow a chronological sequence and evolved from an expanding database and evolving methodology in life-span developmental psychology along with changing viewpoints about aging in American society. The Phase I view of intelligence and aging involved steep and inevitable age-related decline. This perspective emerged in the 1920s and predominated until at least the mid-1950s. It gave way to the more complex Phase H perspective of stability versus decline sometime in the late 1950s to mid-1960s. The Phase II viewpoint developed from contradictions in the research literature between longitudinal and cross-sectional data along with improving social attitudes toward the aged. Acknowledgment of external social and experiential effects in influencing cohort differences in ability levels in Phase II led in part to the Phase III attempt to alter experience and manipulate age differences in psychometric intelligence. Social attitudes in the late 1960s and the decade of the 1970s supported the optimism resulting in the design of interventions to maximize intellectual function in old age. The modifiability of intellectual performance in Phase III made investigators more aware of the context in which intelligence is expressed and led them by the mid-1970s to explore new means of measuring intelligence in adulthood in Phase IV. Phase IV also includes the search for abilities that “develop” in adulthood and old age. It is argued that contemporary research on aging and intelligence continues to be undertaken from at least three of the four perspectives. The current phase, which involves exploration of developmental progression of intelligence in adulthood, is viewed as the culmination of almost 70 years of research in the twentieth century in which positive stereotypes about aging are beginning to become a reality.
Rate-limiting barriers to intestinal drug absorption: A review

The intestinal epithelium is composed of several structures that could serve as barriers to the transfer of drugs from the GI lumen to the systemic circulation. An aqueous stagnant layer that overlies the apical membrane and the subepithelial blood flow are potential barriers to the absorption of drugs that readily penetrate the absorbing cell of the epithelium. The apical, basal, and basement membranes are potential barriers to the absorption of less permeable drugs. The cytoplasm of the absorbing cell is a relatively thick barrier that must also be traversed. While the location and structure of these potential barriers are well known, those barriers that are operative and the kinds of molecules for which they are operative are not known. The structure and permeability properties of the potential barriers are considered, along with the roles of the paracellular pathway and countercurrent exchange in the villus circulation.
Automatic alignment of array data and processes to reduce communication time on DMPPs

This paper investigates the problem of aligning array data and processes in a distributed-memory implementation. We present complete algorithms for compile-time analysis, the necessary program restructuring, and subsequent code-generation, and discuss their complexity. We finally evaluate the practical usefulness by quantitative experiments.The technique presented analyzes complete programs, including branches, loops, and nested parallelism. Alignment is determined with respect to offset, stride, and general axis relations. Placement of both data and processes are computed in a unifying framework based on an extended preference graph and its analysis. Dynamic redistributions are derived.The experimental results are very encouraging. The optimization algorithms implemented in our Modula-2* compiler improved the execution times of the programs by an average over 40% on a MasPar MP-1 with 16384 processors.
Ion—molecule reactions of CH+3 with acetonitrile at thermal translational energies

Abstract The 0.1 eV translational energy reactions of CH + 3 and CD + 3 with acetonitrile were studied in a tandem Dempster-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Channels leading to CH 3 CNH + (7%), H 2 CN + (58%), and C 2 H + 5 (35%) were observed. For CD + 3 reactant ions the H 2 CN + and C 2 H + 5 products show evidence of complete H, D isotopic scrambling, suggesting an intermediate complex.
The pulmonary vascular bed in children with Down syndrome

Sixty-nine children with Down syndrome (mongolism, trisomy 21), with atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, or endocardial cushion defects, and 315 children with similar cardiac anomalies without this syndrome underwent cardiac catheterization during an 8-year period from 1964 to 1973. Only patients under 17 years of age were included in the study. Nine tenths of the children with Down syndrome but only one fourth of the control group had abnormally high pulmonary arterial pressures. For example, 9 of 11 children with defects of the atrial septum and Down syndrome had pulmonary hypertension; in contrast, only 5 of 55 control subjects with similar defects had pulmonary hypertension. The data suggest that children with congenital heart disease and Down syndrome have an unusually high pulmonary vascular resistance and a propensity for early development of severe damage to the pulmonary vascular bed.