cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of metal tris-dithiocroconate complexes and dicyanomethylene-substituted analogues. Crystal and molecular structure of [Ph4P]3[Co(dtcroc)3]·)0.6acetone

Abstract Metaltris-dithiolene compounds with the composition [Ph4P]3[M(dtcroc)3]·solvent (M s= Cr, solvent s= EtOH; M s= Fe, solvent s= DMF; M s= Co, solvent s= acetone; dtcroc =3,4,5-trioxocyclopent-1-ene-1,2-dithiolato-) have been prepared and characterized. The magnetic properties of the paramagnetic Fe and Cr salts are consistent with strong-field octahedral coordination of the metal ion. The crystal structure of [Ph4P]3[Co(dtcroc)3]·0.6acetone confirms that the cobalt ion is octahedrally coordinated by the sulfur atoms of three chelating dithiocroconate ligands. Each [M(dtcroc)3]3− (M s= Cr, Fe, Co) ion undergoes reversible or quasi-reversible one-electron oxidation in acetonitrile solution at 25°C; the measuredE1/2(−2/−3) values areca 300 mV more anodic than those of any previously reported metal tris-dithiolene analogues. The Fe(dtcroc)3]3− ion also exhibits a quasi-reversible one-electron reduction. Reaction of [M(dtcroc)3]3− ions with excess malononitrile in DMF solution yields dicyanomethylene-substituted analogues with the formula [M(dcmdtcroc)3]3− (M s= Cr, Fe, Co; dcmdtcroc s= 4-dicyanomethylene-3,5-dioxocyclopent-1-ene-1,2-dithiolato). Replacement of the central oxo-group of each dithiocroconate ligand with the more electronegative dicyanomethylene group causes significant shifts in both the visible absorption bands and redox potentials of the complexes; however, the similar stabilities and magnetic properties of analogous [M(dcmdtcroc)3]3− and [M(dtcroc)3]3− complexes indicate that dicyanomethylene substitution on the ligand periphery does not dramatically alter the character of the metal-ligand interaction.
Polymerase chain reaction-based assays for the detection and differentiation of poultry significant Pseudomonads.

Pseudomonas genus-specific primers targeting the 16s rRNA gene were used in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid analysis of Pseudomonas isolated from retail chicken carcasses. A multiplex PCR assay was also designed using specific primers targeting the gyrase B sub-unit gene to rapidly distinguish between several species of poultry significant Pseudomonads. The assays were used to evaluate the species and level of spoilage Pseudomonads on raw chicken carcasses over an 8-day storage period. No Pseudomonas were detected on the chicken carcasses until 4 days after storage using culturing and plating techniques, but the PCR-based assays developed in this research were more sensitive and detected Pseudomonas in carcass rinses performed immediately after processing. With the multiplex PCR assay, it was determined that most of the Pseudomonas spoilage was because of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas fragi. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Economic losses as a result of spoilage are estimated between 5 and 17 billion dollars annually. In the poultry industry, the Pseudomonads not only cause the majority of this spoilage, but are also primary biofilm formers which may harbor and spread pathogens. Currently, only biochemical assays are available in the food industry for detection and differentiation of Pseudomonads. However, biochemical assays require 5 days for results, are limited to detection of a few species, and often produce erroneous results. The PCR assays developed in this work can reduce detection time to a few hours. Furthermore, these nucleic acid-based assays have the potential to simplify the identification process, reduce food spoilage and foodborne illness, and speed the diagnosis of ill birds.
LEFT VENTRICULAR WALL MOTION ANALYSIS USING REAL-TIME THREE-DIMENSIONAL ULTRASOUND

This study tested the ability of real-time 3-D (RT 3-D) echocardiography to detect and delineate regions of abnormal contraction (akinesia or dyskinesia) in a canine model of regional myocardial injury and to develop methods to simplify injury assessments. Closed chest RT 3-D scans were obtained and regional left ventricular (LV) contractile function was assessed in nine animals at baseline and after myocardial cryoinjury with a 1-cm cryoprobe. Evaluation of contractile function was based on radial shortening of LV chamber cross-sections at multiple levels. Radial length changes were analyzed using color-coded circumferential maps of the LV. Seven sets of motion maps demonstrated new areas of poorly contracting myocardium in the cryoinjured region relative to baseline. Two sets of data were excluded due to insufficient LV visualization. Motion maps derived from RT 3-D echo have the ability to detect and localize regions of abnormal LV wall motion.
Hierarchies of energy conversion processes III. Why are onsager equations reciprocal? The euclidean geometry of fluctuation-dissipation space

The present communication shows the relationship between the simple linear energy conversion processes introduced in parts I and II and the n -dimensional geometry of Onsager thermodynamics. It is shown that Network Thermodynamics corresponds to a state by state imbedding of the euclidean Onsager geometry in a geometry of n ( n + 1)/2 dimensions or higher. The end result of this process is the demonstration that reciprocity is implicit in the geometrical definition of the theory. In particular, it is indicated how the principle of detailed balance corresponds to Kirchhoff's voltage laws in network terms. It is also shown that the coupling coefficient q is simply an angle between vectors in this geometry, so that the problem of energy conversion in Onsager thermodynamics is reduced to the variations in these angles. This representation provides a logical relationship between (lumped parameter) network thermodynamics and differential geometry, thus placing this more practical viewpoint on an equal footing with bond graph Network Thermodynamics.
A Novel Phenolate “Constrained Geometry” Catalyst System. Efficient Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and α-Olefin Polymerization Catalysis

This paper reports the convenient “one-pot” synthesis of a bifunctional -Me4Cp⌒phenolate- ligand and the efficient “one-step” synthesis of the corresponding TiIV and ZrIV complexes. The reaction of 2-bromo-4-methylphenol with 2 equiv of nBuLi followed by addition of 2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-cyclopentenone produces the bifunctional mono-Cp phenol ligand precursor 2-(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)-4-methylphenol ((TCP)H2, 1). Reaction of 1 with Ti(CH2Ph)4 at 60 °C in toluene cleanly generates (TCP)Ti(CH2Ph)2 (2), while the corresponding reaction with Zr(CH2Ph)4 at higher temperatures affords the chelated C2-symmetric zirconocene (TCP)2Zr (3). In solution at room temperature, the two benzyl groups of 2 are magnetically equivalent, however, in the solid state, X-ray diffraction reveals that one benzyl group is coordinated in a normal η1-fashion and the other in an η2-mode. The small Cp(centroid)−Ti−O angle of 107.7(2)° in 2 indicates sterically open features in common with amido-based “constrained geometry” polyme...
THE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSIONS OF CHINA'S CITY SYSTEM

Most studies of the size, growth, and distribution of cities have been based on Western economies and have identified economic factors such as scale and agglomeration economies and level of economic development as major determinants of urban growth. It is unclear whether these generalizations are applicable in socialist economies. In this paper, I argue that institutional factors have played key roles in shaping China's city system, which is characterized by declining population concentration across cities and by tremendous vertical (population growth of cities) and horizontal (addition of new cities) expansions. The empirical analysis focuses on describing the size distribution of cities, estimating a multivariate model predicting the population growth of cities, and performing a logistic regression analysis of new and existing cities. The findings underscore the effects of urban and regional development policies, socialist institutions, changes in the urban administrative system, and state and local gov...
Every lattice with 1 and 0 is embeddable in the lattice of topologies of some set by an embedding which preserves the 1 and 0

Abstract We prove the result of the title, solving an open problem of Steven Watson (problem 172 in Open Problems in Topology).
An Uniisual Case of Infantile Dermal Mucinosis

: Dermal mucinosis occurred in a 3-month-old and persisted for six years. The features suggest is represents a novel type of childhood mucinosis.
Is Childhood Appendicitis Familial

• Family history of appendicitis was studied in 135 children with histologic confirmation of acute appendicitis and in 212 control children without appendicitis, matched by age, sex, and admission date. Parents of patients with appendicitis were approximately 10% more likely than parents of control children to have a positive history of this disease, a difference that could have easily arisen by chance. In contrast, seven patients with appendicitis had siblings with a history of appendicitis, whereas only 0.64 would have been expected on the basis of the proportion among the control group. A significant positive trend was also noted between the proportion of family members with a history of appendicitis and risk for this disease in children. These results indicate some familial tendency for appendicitis, although not to the extent suggested by previous studies. (AJDC1985;139:338-340)
Propofol interruption of ECT seizure to reduce side-effects: a pilot study.

Fifteen depressed subjects received six bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatments under etomidate anesthesia. They were randomized to blindly either receive propofol 0.5 mg/kg 15 s post-stimulus or not. Propofol infusion significantly prevented long seizures, and prevented cognitive decrements in most neuropsychological tests, several significantly. Propofol interruption may clinically help reduce ECT side-effects.
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Captive Chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger)

Abstract Vitamin D is an important hormone in vertebrates, and most animals acquire this hormone through their diet and/or exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. To date, no study has determined how chinchillas ( Chinchilla laniger ) acquire vitamin D. The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to UVB radiation had an effect on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in captive chinchillas. Overall, 10 juvenile chinchillas were used for this scientific investigation. Baseline blood samples were collected from the animals while under isoflurane anesthesia to determine their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. The chinchillas were then randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: Group A, 12 hours of UVB exposure per day and Group B, no UVB exposure. At the end of the study (Day 16), a second blood sample was collected from each animal while again under isoflurane anesthesia to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Mean ± standard deviation serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations differed significantly ( P = 0.048) between juvenile chinchillas provided supplemental UVB radiation (189.0 ± 102.7nmol/L) and those not provided supplemental UVB radiation (87.8 ± 34.4nmol/L). This study found that exposing juvenile chinchillas to UVB radiation significantly increased their circulating serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Because vitamin D is an essential hormone in vertebrates, these findings suggest that the provision of UVB radiation to captive chinchillas may be important. Further research to elucidate the importance of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and UVB radiation in captive chinchillas is required.
Surface and size effects for impurities in Si clusters

Silicon clusters saturated with hydrogen atoms are used to calculate charge distributions and various properties of interstitial hydrogen as a function of the host-saturator bond length. The clusters range in size from ${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{6}$ to ${\mathrm{Si}}_{44}$${\mathrm{H}}_{42}$. Most of the calculations are done at the approximate ab initio level, using the method of partial retention of diatomic differential overlap. The results are complemented with ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations. It is shown that the surface dependence is minimal when the host-saturator bond length is set to minimize the total energy of the clusters. This result is consistent with the one obtained in the case of diamond clusters. A set of ``rules'' for calculating properties of impurities in semiconductor clusters is proposed.
Prostaglandin E1 infusion in newborns with hypoplastic left ventricle and aortic atresia

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion was used in 7 infants with hypoplastic left ventricle and aortic atresia. Of 5 non-operated patients, 4 died shortly after the onset of PGE1 infusion and 1 survived for 30 hours. Of the infants who had surgery, 1 died during the operation and 1 survived for 38 days. In 6 infants, a transient metabolic and/or circulatory improvement could be demonstrated following PGE1 infusion. The lack of response of other infants may be related to the advanced deterioration of their clinical status at the time of study. In the light of recent surgical developments for infants with aortic atresia, support with PGE1 may nevertheless play an important role in their management if started early.
Scalable Steady State Analysis of Boolean Biological Regulatory Networks

Background: Computing the long term behavior of regulatory and signaling networks is critical in understanding how biological functions take place in organisms. Steady states of these networks determine the activity levels of individual entities in the long run. Identifying all the steady states of these networks is difficult due to the state space explosion problem. Methodology: In this paper, we propose a method for identifying all the steady states of Boolean regulatory and signaling networks accurately and efficiently. We build a mathematical model that allows pruning a large portion of the state space quickly without causing any false dismissals. For the remaining state space, which is typically very small compared to the whole state space, we develop a randomized traversal method that extracts the steady states. We estimate the number of steady states, and the expected behavior of individual genes and gene pairs in steady states in an online fashion. Also, we formulate a stopping criterion that terminates the traversal as soon as user supplied percentage of the results are returned with high confidence. Conclusions: This method identifies the observed steady states of boolean biological networks computationally. Our algorithm successfully reported the G1 phases of both budding and fission yeast cell cycles. Besides, the experiments suggest that this method is useful in identifying co-expressed genes as well. By analyzing the steady state profile of Hedgehog network, we were able to find the highly co-expressed gene pair GL1-SMO together with other such pairs.
SU‐GG‐I‐78: How Well Does the CT MAs Predict Patient Dose?

Purpose:CT clinical protocols often specify technique factors in terms of x‐ray tube voltage and tube current‐rotation time product (mAs). In this study, we investigated variations in CTDI100 per unit mAs value at a fixed x‐ray tube voltage (120 kV). Method and Materials: Data were obtained for CTDI100 in head and body phantoms for 47 scanners from the four major imaging equipment vendors from the ImPACT web site. Data were analyzed as follows: (a) all CTDI100 (mGy/mAs) data were plotted as a single histogram, and the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile values determined; (b) CTDI100 for each vendor were averaged and compared with each other; and (c) CTDI100 for each vendor were plotted as a function of the introduction of the CTscanner model under consideration. Results: The median CTDI100 values were 0.18 mGy/mAs and 0.076 mGy/mAs for head and body phantoms respectively. The ratio of the 90th percentile value to the 10% value was 2.0 for body phantoms, and 1.8 for head phantoms. Average vendor CTDI100 ranged between 0.17 and 0.20 mGy/mAs for head phantoms, and 0.07 and 0.10 mGy/mAs for body phantoms. There were no evident trends in CTDI100 as a function of time for any one of the four vendors investigated. Conclusion: Conclusions. At the same kV/mAs, patient doses can differ by up to a factor of approximately two, and clinical protocols should therefore be based on patient dose (CTDI100) rather than the selected mAs value.
Acidosis masks β-adrenergic control of cardiac L-type calcium current

The β-adrenergic control of the L-type Ca2∗ current (Ica) was examined as a function of extracellular pH (pHo) in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes using the wholecell voltage-clamp technique. ICa was elicited in Cs+-loaded myocytes by depolarizing pulses from a holding potential of -40 mV. The maximum ICa density in response to 0.01 or 1 μM isoproterenol was significantly less in myocytes pretreated with acidic external solution (pH 6.6 or 5.8) compared with cells studied at control pHo 7.4. This acidosis-induced decrease in β-responsiveness was also accompanied by a similar reduction in basal current density. Myocytes studied tinder alkaline conditions (pHo 8.2) also had reduced β-responsiveness although basal ICa density tended to be greater than control. In addition to the diminished effects of isoproterenol, acidic myocytes had smaller responses to extracellular forskolin and internally applied adenosine 3′.5′-cyclic mononophosphate. compared with control. The blunted responses to these latter stimuli were similar in magnitude to that observed with 1 μM isoproterenol. These findings suggest that protons interfere with the β-adrenergic control of ICa primarily by a direct inhibition of the Ca2+ channel which independently masks the effects of the adenylyl cyclase cascade.
Optimization of image-guided targeting in renal focal therapy

Focal renal therapy for small renal masses (T(1a) or T(1b)) has been used as primary treatment for patients with comorbidities who are considered poor candidates for surgical resection. With a continuing effort toward optimization of minimally invasive nephron-sparing modalities, the effort to expand the patient pool will continue. As long-term results of renal ablative therapies become available and the safety, precision, and efficacy become well established, renal ablation may be used with increasing frequency for a wider group of patients. When this happens, high-quality imaging for localization and targeting of these renal lesions will become the central core of the treatment, with emphasis on superior results, accurate positioning of the probe, precise localization of the tumor, and real-time intraoperative monitoring of outcomes.
Thyroid Cancer: Extent of Thyroidectomy:

Background Surgical resection is the key to management of thyroid cancer, but determining the optimal surgical procedure for individual cases has been controversial. Methods The author reviews several large data bases that allow examination of prognostic criteria for long-term outcomes. Results Patients can be classified into good- or poor-risk groups that assist defining the optimal surgical procedure. Routine use of total thyroidectomy in all patients with thyroid cancer is best avoided; however, patients with medullary cancer generally need total thyroidectomy. Conclusions The definition of risk groups has clarified the options regarding choice of primary surgical therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer.
Associative learning without reason or belief

We discuss the necessity of conscious thinking in the single-system propositional model of learning. Research from honeybees to humans suggests that associative learning can take place without the need for controlled reasoning or the development of beliefs of relationships between objects or events. We conclude that a single learning system is possible, but not if it depends on complex thinking.
Reflecting on incompleteness

To what extent can mathematical thought be analyzed in formal terms? Godel's theorems show the inadequacy of single formal systems for this purpose, except in relatively restricted parts of mathematics. However at the same time they point to the possibility of systematically generating larger and larger systems whose acceptability is implicit in acceptance of the starting theory. The engines for that purpose are what have come to be called reflection principles. These may be iterated into the constructive transfinite, leading to what are called recursive progressions of theories. A number of informative technical results have been obtained about such progressions (cf. Feferman [1962], [1964], [1968] and Kreisel [1958], [1970]). However, for some years I had hoped to give a more realistic and perspicuous finite generation procedure. This was first done in a rather special way in Feferman [1979] for the characterization of predicativity, which may be regarded as that part of mathematical thought implicit in our acceptance of elementary number theory. What is presented here is a new and simple notion of the reflective closure of a schematic theory which can be applied quite generally.Two examples of schematic theories in the sense used here are versions of Peano arithmetic and Zermelo set theory.
Actin-related protein nomenclature and classification.

Departments of Biology and *Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218; ¢Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63310; § Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724; and II Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024
Outcomes of Surgery for Chronic Type A Aortic Dissection

Background Data on outcomes of surgery for chronic Stanford type A aortic dissection are limited. We investigated the primary surgery and long-term results in patients with chronic dissection of the native ascending aorta. Methods Between 1993 and 2013, among 696 patients (median age, 61 years [first quartile, 50; third quartile 73 years]; 64% males) who underwent surgery for type A dissection, 67 (10%) had chronic dissection by traditional criteria (>14 days). Median follow-up was 4.1 years (first quartile, 1.9; third quartile, 7.3 years; 3,105 patient-years). Results Patients with chronic dissection more frequently had undergone previous cardiac surgery (37% versus 9%; p Conclusions Patients with chronic and acute type A dissection differ substantially in presentation, management, and outcome. Replacement of all dissected aortic tissue can be performed safely in the majority of patients with chronic type A dissection.
Development of a fiber optic oxygen and glucose sensor

Fiber optic sensors for oxygen and glucose based on fluorescence quenching were designed and fabricated. The prototype oxygen sensor was fabricated by coaxially grafting a hydrogel, poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA), containing a fluorescent dye, 9,10-diphenylanthracene (9,10-D), to fused silica optical fibers. Grafting was done through silane coupling agents, yielding a graft which was resistant to hydrolytic attack. The sensor was sensitive to dissolved oxygen concentrations, due to oxygen quenching of 9,10-D fluorescence. A glucose sensor was developed by incorporating glucose oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of glucose, into the PHEMA/9,10-D matrix. In the presence of glucose, the matrix oxygen concentration is lowered, resulting in an increased fluorescent signal. >
Power Processes in Bargaining

This is a theoretical article that integrates and extends a particular program of work on power in bargaining relationships. Power is conceptualized as a structurally based capability, and power use as tactical action falling within either conciliatory or hostile categories. The core propositions are (1) the greater the total amount of power in a relationship, the greater the use of conciliatory tactics and the lower the use of hostile tactics; and (2) an unequal power relationship fosters more use of hostile tactics and less use of conciliatory tactics than an equal power relationship. Distinct research on power dependence and bilateral deterrence provides support for both propositions. Implications are discussed for power struggle in ongoing relationships.
Response-time analysis of composite Web services

Web services let programs submit requests to other programs over the Internet via open protocols and standards. Many traditional Web sites, including popular search engines like Google and large online bookstores are boosting their traffic through Web service APIs. A single Internet application can invoke many different Web services - for example, the metasearch engine WebSifter uses several online ontologies to refine a user's request into a more meaningful query and then submits that query to various search engines in parallel. We call such applications composite Web services. Many important challenges stem from the quality-of-service issues in composite Web services. We address the impact of slow services on the overall response time of a transaction that uses several Web services in parallel.
Dietary specialization and the effects of plant species on potential multitrophic interactions of three species of nymphaline caterpillars

The diet breadth of insect herbivores influences their response to variation in plant quality, and these bitrophic interactions have implications for the higher-level trophic interactions between herbivores and their natural enemies. In this comparative study, we examined the role of host plant species and plantsecondarychemistryonthepotentialinteractionsbetweenthreespeciesofnymphalinecaterpillars and their natural enemies. The caterpillar species (all Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) varied in their degree of specialization: the buckeye, Junonia coenia H€ is a specialist on plants that contain iridoid glycosides (IGs);thewhite peacock,Anartia jatrophae L., feedsonplants infivefamilies,some of which contain IGs and some of which do not; and the painted lady,Vanessa cardui L., is a generalist, feeding on plants in at least 15 families. Each species was reared on leaves of an introduced host plant,Plantago lanceolata L.(Plantaginaceae), whichproducestwo IGs,aucubin andcatalpol, and on another plant species that is a common host plant. These alternate host plants werePlantago majorL. (Plantaginaceae) for J. coenia, Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell (Plantaginaceae) for A. jatrophae ,a nd Malva parviflora L. (Malvaceae) for V. cardui. We examined growth, sequestration, and immune response of these caterpillars on the different host plant species. Junonia coenia developed more rapidly and sequestered higher IG concentrations when reared onP. lanceolata, whereas both other speciesgrew more slowlyonP. lanceolata. Host plant didnot influence immune responseofJ. coeniaor A. jatrophae, whereas V. cardui immune response was weaker when reared on P. lanceolata. Junonia coenia was most efficient at IG sequestration and A. jatrophae was least efficient, when all three species were reared on P. lanceolata. These results indicate that diet breadth may play an important role instructuringtritrophicinteractions, and this roleshouldbefurtherexplored.
Agreement between ICU clinicians and electrophysiology cardiologists on the decision to initiate a QTc-interval prolonging medication in critically ill patients with potential risk factors for torsade de pointes: a comparative, case-based evaluation.

Study Objectives To measure concordance between different intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians and a consensus group of electrophysiology (EP) cardiologists for use of a common rate-corrected QT interval (QTc)-prolonging medication in cases containing different potential risk factor(s) for torsade de pointes (TdP). Design Prospective case-based evaluation. Setting Academic medical center with 320 beds. Subjects Medical house staff (MDs) and ICU nurses (RNs) from one center and select critical care pharmacists (PHs). Intervention Completion of a survey containing 10 hypothetical ICU cases in which patients had agitated delirium for which a psychiatrist recommended intravenous haloperidol 5 mg every 6 hours. Each case contained different potential risk factor(s) for TdP in specific combinations. A group of five EP cardiologists agreed that haloperidol use was safe in five cases and not safe in five cases. Measurements and Main Results For each case, participants were asked to document whether they would administer haloperidol, to provide a rationale for their decision, and to state their level of confidence in that decision. Most clinicians (92 of 115 [80%]) invited to participate completed the cases. Among the five cases where EP cardiologists agreed that haloperidol was not safe, 29% of respondents felt that haloperidol was safe. Conversely, in the five cases where EP cardiologists felt haloperidol was safe, 21% of respondents believed that it was not safe. Overall respondent-EP cardiologist agreement for haloperidol use across the 10 cases was moderate (κ = 0.51). MDs and PHs were in agreement with the EP cardiologists more than RNs (p=0.03). Interprofessional variability existed for the TdP risk factors each best identified. Clinician confidence correlated with EP cardiologist concordance for MDs (p=0.002) and PHs (p=0.0002), but not for RNs (p=0.69). Conclusion When evaluating use of a QTc interval-prolonging medication, ICU clinicians often fail to identify the TdP risk factors that EP cardiologists feel should prevent its use. Clinician-EP cardiologist concordance varies by the specific risk factor(s) for TdP and the ICU professional conducting the assessment.
Landlord and Peasant in Colonial Oaxaca

A major contribution to the study of land tenure in Colonial Mexico. . . . A pioneering effort which should stimulate many revisionist studies regarding land tenure in colonial Hispanic America.--Choice
Autism and Externalizing Behaviors: Buffering Effects of Parental Emotion Coaching.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between parental emotion coaching and externalizing behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Children with ASD often exhibit externalizing behaviors, particularly emotionally driven externalizing behaviors, at a higher rate than their typically developing peers. An examination of parental emotion coaching as a possible protective factor may inform future interventions. Participants included 66 children (44 typically developing and 22 with ASD), ages 3:0 to 6:11, who were matched on verbal mental age, and their parents. Parental emotion coaching and emotionally driven externalizing behaviors were coded individually based on audiotaped responses from parents who completed the Meta-Emotion Interview. Parents also reported on child externalizing behaviors using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2). ASD status predicted more parent-reported total externalizing behaviors on the BASC-2. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that parental emotion coaching moderated the relation between ASD status and emotionally driven externalizing behaviors, such that children with ASD whose parents provided high emotion coaching reported significantly fewer emotionally driven externalizing behaviors than children with ASD whose parents provided low emotion coaching. These findings suggest parental emotion coaching buffers the effects of ASD status on externalizing behaviors, and thus may be a potential area for intervention.
Magnitudes and implications of peak discharges from glacial Lake Missoula

New field evidence and discharge calculation procedures provide new estimates of maximum late Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula flood discharges for two important reaches along the flood route. Within the Spokane Valley, near the point of release, the peak discharge probably exceeded 17 ± 3 million m3 sec-1. Downstream at Wallula Gap, a major point of flow convergence, peak discharge was about 10 ± 2.5 million m3sec-1. Flow duration was on the order of several days. These are the largest known terrestrial fresh-water flows. Consideration of these discharge values constrains models for the failure of glacial Lake Missoula. The maximum discharges estimated here are larger than theoretical and empirical predictions of maximum subglacial jokulhlaup-style releases for Lake Missoula. We postulate, consistent with geological relations in the glacial Lake Missoula basin and in the Channeled Scabland, that the largest late Wisconsinan Missoula Flood resulted from a cataclysmic failure of the impounding ice dam of glacial Lake Missoula. This large release may have been the result of a complete rupture of the ice dam. Subsequent multiple flows of lesser magnitude may have resulted from repeated subglacial releases from the lake.
Correction to "Phase-locked loop pull-in range"

Summary form only given, as follows. The last sentence of the Summary for the above-named article should have read as follows: If, in addition, ω3 is large, (26) simplifies to (28). For original article see ibid., vol. COM-16, pp. 184-186, February 1968.
Clinically early-stage CSPα mutation carrier exhibits remarkable terminal stage neuronal pathology with minimal evidence of synaptic loss

Autosomal dominant adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (AD-ANCL) is a multisystem disease caused by mutations in the DNAJC5 gene. DNAJC5 encodes Cysteine String Protein-alpha (CSPα), a putative synaptic protein. AD-ANCL has been traditionally considered a lysosomal storage disease based on the intracellular accumulation of ceroid material. Here, we report for the first time the pathological findings of a patient in a clinically early stage of disease, which exhibits the typical neuronal intracellular ceroid accumulation and incipient neuroinflammation but no signs of brain atrophy, neurodegeneration or massive synaptic loss. Interestingly, we found minimal or no apparent reductions in CSPα or synaptophysin in the neuropil. In contrast, brain homogenates from terminal AD-ANCL patients exhibit significant reductions in SNARE-complex forming presynaptic protein levels, including a significant reduction in CSPα and SNAP-25. Frozen samples for the biochemical analyses of synaptic proteins were not available for the early stage AD-ANLC patient. These results suggest that the degeneration seen in the patients with AD-ANCL reported here might be a consequence of both the early effects of CSPα mutations at the cellular soma, most likely lysosome function, and subsequent neuronal loss and synaptic dysfunction.
What TIMSS Tells Us about Instructional Practice in K-12 Mathematics Education.

Effort to determine teachers’ effects on student has been continuously made with national data. However, paucity of research has been conducted on how teachers’ instructional strategies impact on student learning with national data, although instructional theories suggest a direct relationship between instructional strategies and learning outcomes. Therefore, the relationship between teachers’ use of instructional strategies and learning outcomes should be examined with national data. This study investigates how much teacher’s instructional strategies explain student learning in mathematics and what instructional strategies are positively related to student learning outcomes. Revised Bloom’s taxonomy was used to define instructional strategies that support different levels of cognitive processes. The U.S. 8 th grade mathematics data from the 2007 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study was analyzed using multilevel modeling. As results, teachers’ instructional strategies explained approximately 12% at the individual level and 17% at the teacher level of the learning outcome. Also, asking student to write equations and functions to represent relationships and to decide on their own procedures for solving complex problems were positively and significantly related to student learning outcomes.
Efficient techniques for k-mer counting

A large number of bioinformatics applications require counting of k-length substrings in genetically important long strings. K-mer counting generates the frequencies of each k-length substring in genome sequences. Genome assembly, repeat detection, multiple sequence alignment, error detection, and many other related applications use k-mer counting as a building block. Many approaches are already available to address the problem. Some of them are time efficient, and some of them are memory efficient. Most of the current solutions use multi-threading to utilize available cores of a machine. A few efficient disk-based algorithms have been devised to reduce required memory. We analyze all available algorithms, and time and memory requirements of those implementations. We improve time consumption by devising a novel algorithm to this problem. Our results show that this new algorithm outperforms previous best-known algorithms.
A Computerized System for Remote Monitoring of Subterranean Termites near Structures

Sensors comprising wooden stakes painted with conductive circuits of silver particle emulsion were inserted in Sentricon stations in soil near structures. Sensors were wired to a datalogger that was programmed to test for circuit breakage every 2 h and store the data in its memory. A host computer was programmed to access the datalogger through telephone communication lines for data download every 4 d. The computerized monitoring system was tested in three remote sites, and site visits were conducted monthly for 6 mo to examine system accuracy in detecting termite activity. The mean monthly accuracy for the system to correctly report the presence (true positive) or absence of termites (true negative) in the stations was 85%, but the accuracy at 6 mo after system installation ranged from 41 to 79%. Mean sensor longevity, defined as the time for a sensor circuit to break in the absence of termites, was approximately 4.4 mo.
International Triggering Events, Transnational Networks, And The Development of Czech And Polish Environmental Movements

This study shows how international, intergovernmental, and transnational factors influence social movement formation and evolution by examining the Czech and Polish environmental movements between 1970 and 2000. The analysis maps the ways in which these factors create conditions for movement development and demonstrates how their influence varies, depending on regime stability and type. Movement actions are more predictable in stable regimes because governments are better able to control the effects of external events. In authoritarian regimes, external influences tend to foster development by altering political opportunities, while in democratic regimes they usually bring resources directly to movements. These patterns suggest that, although the forces of globalization are promoting similarity in movement development and action, the effects of external influences on mobilization are still moderated by national political institutions and processes.
Influence of Starvation, Dehydration, and Humidity Differential on Humidity Responses of Sitophiluszeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)

Maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, were tested in the laboratory using split-arena and olfactometer bioassays to measure the effects of starvation and dehydration on humidity responses and to determine the nature of the humidity response mechanism. Dehydration initially made weevils less hygronegative, but this effect vanished after 24 h. Starvation also made weevils less hygronegative, and this effect persisted for at least 24 h. There was no interaction between these two factors. When weevils were presented humidity alternatives differing only in the magnitude of the lower relative humidity, their response was roughly proportional to the humidity differential, indicating that responses are quantitative rather than qualitative. Olfactometer studies revealed that weevils are capable of detecting and responding to spatial differences in relative humidity; thus, the response mechanism is at least partially tactic in nature. The results as a whole reveal that maize weevils can accurately assess relative humidity and respond accordingly, but the feedback mechanism regulating water balance is rather crude.
The Independent and Cumulative Effect of Early Life Risk Factors on Child Growth: A Preliminary Report

Abstract Background: Early life risk factors may promote faster infant growth leading to childhood obesity. We examined growth patterns (birth to 12 months) and their association with early life risk factors. Methods: Participants were drawn from an ongoing birth cohort of 351 mothers. Child weight and length were obtained at birth, 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Independent variables and demographics were tested as risk factors for inclusion in the cumulative risk score if they were significantly associated with change in weight-for-length z-scores (WFLZ; month 12 minus birth) or based on established evidence for an association with child growth. Multiple regression was used to determine the association of change in WFLZ with low maternal education, low month 3 postpartum maternal weight loss, and nonexclusive breastfeeding by month 3 (use of formula) or their cumulative risk. Trajectory groups were identified using semiparametric mixture models and their association with the risk factors and cumul...
Reservoir conditions related to induced seismicity at the Geysers steam reservoir, northern California

abstract Seismicity at The Geysers appears to be induced by steam production, in which water boils to steam within a pervasively fractured reservoir subject to high levels of tectonic shear stresses and strains. The steam reservoir is composed of fractured Franciscan graywacke with a very heterogeneous, multiple permeability and porosity distribution. Permeability is controlled by the larger fracture systems of the reservoir, which act as a very permeable conduit to less permeable rock containing liquid water. The reservoir fluid remains close to the liquidus conditions during production, implying both a temperature and pressure decline in the rock matrix bounding the fracture systems as the reservoir is depleted. Reservoir earthquake focal mechanisms are nearly aligned with the regional tectonic strain field, and reservoir earthquakes are indistinguishable from tectonic earthquakes elsewhere in the region. Within the reservoir, the volume defined by the earthquakes has not changed within the resolution of the seismic network from 1975 to 1979. The log moment per earthquake also has not changed, suggesting a steady-state process of stress buildup and release. Added to the zero correlation of the fluid injection history with the earthquake activity, the above observations suggest that elevated pore pressures and fluid injection are not likely causes for The Geysers induced seismicity. Instead, all available evidence points to the association of induced seismicity with pore pressure and temperature declines. The two most likely mechanisms are either an increase in local shear stress levels with fissure deflation, or a transition from stable to unstable sliding (“stick-slip”). No other documented mechanism for induced seismicity are consistent with in situ reservoir conditions at The Geysers.
Dynamic reactive power compensation equipment based on magnetically controlled reactor

As the self-excitation MCR(Magnetically Controlled Reactor) has bad excitation stability and the DC excitation current of its core is quite susceptible to grid voltage fluctuation,an extra-excitation MCR is proposed and its structure and working principle are introduced.The extra-excitation MCR equipment includes the MCR and the excitation control system.A singlechip-based dynamic reactive power compensation device is designed,including the extra-excitation MCR,the fixed capacitor filter and the reactive power compensation control unit.The control unit consists of the signal sampling,signal processing,signal output,display and other modules,and its software flowchart is presented.The compensation effect of the proposed equipment is verified by the test circuit and the experimental results show that it compensates the system reactive power according to the actual condition and maintains the power factor above 0.95.
Archaeological Evidence of Epidemics Can Inform Future Epidemics

The recent Ebola epidemic provides a dramatic example of the devastation and fear generated by epidemics, particularly those caused by new emerging or reemerging diseases. A focus on the control and prevention of diseases in living populations dominates most epidemic disease research. However, research on epidemics in the past provides a temporal depth to our understanding of the context and consequences of diseases and is crucial for predicting how diseases might shape human biology and demography in the future. This article reviews recent research on historic epidemics of plague and tuberculosis, both of which have affected human populations for millennia. Research on these diseases demonstrates the range (and differential availability) of various lines of evidence (e.g., burial context, diagnostic skeletal lesions, molecular data) that inform about past disease in general. I highlight how research on past epidemics may be informative in ways that benefit living populations.
TH-EF-BRB-09: Total Body Irradiation with Uniform MU and Modulated Arc Segments, UMMS-TBI

Purpose: To test a novel total body irradiation (TBI) system using conformal partial arc with patient lying on the stationary couch which is biologically equivalent to a moving couch TBI. This improves the scanning field TBI, which is previously presented. Methods: The Uniform MU Modulated arc Segments TBI or UMMS-TBI scans the treatment plane with a constant machine dose rate and a constant gantry rotation speed. A dynamic MLC pattern which moves while gantry rotates has been designed so that the treatment field moves same distance at the treatment plane per each gantry angle, while maintaining same treatment field size (34cm) at the plane. Dose across the plane varies due to the geometric differences including the distance from the source to a point of interest and the different attenuation from the slanted depth which changes the effective depth. Beam intensity is modulated to correct the dose variation across the plane by assigning the number of gantry angles inversely proportional to the uncorrected dose. Results: Measured dose and calculated dose matched within 1 % for central axis and 3% for off axis for various patient scenarios. Dose from different distance does not follow the inverse square relation as it is predicted from calculation. Dose uniformity better than 5% across 180 cm at 10cm depth is achieved by moving the gantry from −55 to +55 deg. Total treatment time for 2 Gy AP/PA fields is 40–50 minutes excluding patient set up time, at the machine dose rate of 200 MU/min. Conclusion: This novel technique, yet accurate but easy to implement enables TBI treatment in a small treatment room with less program development preparation than other techniques. The VMAT function of treatment delivery is not required to modulate beams. One delivery pattern can be used for different patients by changing the monitor units.
Multicomponent analysis of a digital Trail Making Test.

AbstractObjective: The purpose of the current study was to use a newly developed digital tablet-based variant of the TMT to isolate component cognitive processes underlying TMT performance.Method: ...
Instability and Self-Modulation of the Classical Heisenberg Ferromagnet

The helical solution of the one-dimensional classical Heisenberg chain is shown to be unstable against long-wavelength perturbations. Using the fact that the classical Heisenberg chain is exactly integrable, inverse scattering techniques are used to display the growth of the instabilities all the way to nonlinear saturation.