cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electronic Health Record Features, Functions, and Privileges That Clinicians Need to Provide Safe and Effective Care for Adults and Children

This chapter will describe and discuss key requirements to enable clinician-users of electronic health records (EHRs) to deliver high-quality, safe, and effective care. We frame these requirements as “rights” and “responsibilities.” The “rights” represent not merely desirable, but also important EHR features, functions, and user privileges that clinicians need to perform their job. Each “right” is accompanied by a corresponding clinician duty or “responsibility,” without which the ultimate goal of improving healthcare quality might not be achieved. The issues discussed are generalizable to clinicians who care for adults and children using electronic health records across the globe. We recognize that healthcare presents complex and often unique challenges for the design and operation of health information technology-related facilities and EHRs worldwide. Addressing these rights and responsibilities comprehensively will be challenging, but we need to make the care delivered using electronic health record systems safer and more efficient.
Functional deficits in medial gastrocnemius grafts in rats: relation to muscle metabolism and β-AR regulation

Larkin, Lisa M., John A. Faulkner, Richard T. Hinkle, Cheryl A. Hassett, Mark A. Supiano, and Jeffrey B. Halter.Functional deficits in medial gastrocnemius grafts in rats: relation to muscle metabo...
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions of the lysyl oxidase family in bone

Advances in the understanding of the biological roles of the lysyl oxidase family of enzyme proteins in bone structure and function are reviewed. This family of proteins is well-known as catalyzing the final reaction required for cross-linking of collagens and elastin. Novel emerging roles for these proteins in the phenotypic development of progenitor cells and in angiogenesis are highlighted and which point to enzymatic and non-enzymatic roles for this family in bone development and homeostasis and in disease. The explosion of interest in the lysyl oxidase family in the cancer field highlights the need to have a better understanding of the functions of this protein family in normal and abnormal connective tissue homeostasis at fundamental molecular and cellular levels including in mineralized tissues.
Oxytocin Reduces Cocaine Seeking and Reverses Chronic Cocaine-Induced Changes in Glutamate Receptor Function

Background: Oxytocin, a neurohypophyseal neuropeptide, is a potential mediator and regulator of drug addiction. However, the cellular mechanisms of oxytocin in drug seeking remain unknown. Methods: In the present study, we used a self-administration/reinstatement model to study the effects of oxytocin on cocaine seeking and its potential interaction with glutamate function at the receptor level. Results: Systemic oxytocin dose-dependently reduced cocaine self-administration during various schedules of reinforcement, including fixed ratio 1, fixed ratio 5, and progressive ratio. Oxytocin also attenuated reinstatement to cocaine seeking induced by cocaine prime or conditioned cues. Western-blot analysis indicated that oxytocin increased phosphorylation of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate receptor GluA1 subunit at the Ser 845 site with or without accompanying increases in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, in several brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, and dorsal hippocampus. Immunoprecipitation of oxytocin receptor and GluA1 subunit receptors further demonstrated a physical interaction between these 2 receptors, although the interaction was not influenced by chronic cocaine or oxytocin treatment. Oxytocin also attenuated sucrose seeking in a GluA1- or extracellular-signal-regulated kinase-independent manner. Conclusions: These findings suggest that oxytocin mediates cocaine seeking through interacting with glutamate receptor systems via second messenger cascades in mesocorticolimbic regions.
Arbitration: Between Law and Equity? XIV World Conference: International Association of Procedural Law National Report − Hungary

Arbitration in Hungary - National report - XIV World Congress of IAPL.At the field of arbitration a significant change in this situation occurred in 1988 in Hungary, when, within a narrow circle, the Act on Business Associations rendered arbitration possible again. In the decade following the political transformation, possibilities of recourse to arbitral tribunals became continuously extended. The present regulation is contained in Act LXXI of 1994 on Arbitration (Arbitration Act), which was created on the basis of the UNCITRAL Model Law of 1985. The study deals with the following issues: attractiveness and flexibility of arbitration, their impartiality and independence, the judicial support, measures to prevent court proceedings inconsistent with arbitration agreement, control of awards, recognition etc.
Cardio-renal consequences of low birth weight and preterm birth

Abstract In this comprehensive review of cardio-renal syndrome in preterm, low birth weight infants, we present contemporary evidence for alterations in nephrogenesis and vasculogenesis among this vulnerable population. There is substantial evidence that the nephron endowment, the number of nephrons that an individual is allotted for a lifetime, is determined by the length of gestation, the intra-uterine environment and the brief, but significant, postnatal course. Since nephrogenesis is complete by 36weeks' gestation in utero, preterm birth during active nephrogenesis predisposes to an abrupt cessation in development leading to a reduced nephron endowment. In addition, other organ systems are simultaneously developing by "branching morphogenesis" including the lungs, vascular tree and endocrine organs such as the pancreas. Importantly, elastin, the scleroprotein that imparts elasticity to the vascular tree, is laid down during angiogenesis in utero and its production after birth is negligible. Instead, elastin is replaced by collagen and fibrosis with aging imparting stiffness to the macro-vessels. Moreover, the micro-vessels (capillaries) are similarly affected with a decreased density, termed rarefaction, in vital organ tissues leading to retinopathy and insulin resistance. This developmental synergism predisposes to concordant abnormalities in endovascular function, nephropenia, hyperfiltration, vascular stiffness and simultaneous cardio-renal disease throughout a lifespan. The longevity of preterm-born adults has been substantially abbreviated by these structural and functional alterations in organ systems. It is essential to recognize early indicators of cardio-renal syndrome and to provide early life-style and pharmacological interventions directed towards preserving vascular and renal function throughout a lifetime with the goal to promote longevity and quality of life.
Human Papillomavirus DNA in Genital Tract Lesions Histologically Negative for Condylomata: Analysis by In Situ, Southern Blot Hybridization and the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Koilocytotic atypia (nuclear atypia in conjunction with perinuclear halos) is diagnostic of condylomata of the lower female genital tract, over 90% of which contain human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. Genital tract lesions may be clinically suggestive of condylomata but lack clear-cut koilocytotic atypia. Of 57 vulvar and 60 cervical lesions that lacked clear-cut koilocytotic atypia, four (7%) and two (3%), respectively, had HPV DNA detected by in situ analysis. Using Southern blot analysis, HPV DNA was detected in five of 27 (19%) and 20 of 55 (36%) vulvar and cervical lesions, respectively, that lacked koilocytotic atypia. When analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HPV DNA was detected in six of 22 (27%) and three of 18 (17%) vulvar and cervical lesions, respectively, that lacked koilocytotic atypia. These findings demonstrate that infection by HPV may be found in genital tract lesions that lack koilocytotic atypia. The lower detection rate of HPV in cervical lesions that lacked koilocytotic atypia with PCR as compared with Southern blot analysis may be related to the relatively high proportion of "novel" types (related to, but distinct from, the HPV types in the probe) in such lesions. The increase in the detection rate in vulvar lesions that lacked koilocytotic atypia with PCR compared with in situ hybridization suggests that about one third of such lesions are HPV related, but that in such cases the copy number of the virus is typically below the threshold of the in situ analysis.
INTERNAL VERSUS EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL AND COLLEGE ADMISSIONS

An opportunity to validate further Rotter's I-E scale as a measure of felt mastery over the course of one's life was provided by the establishment of the Bard College Immediate Decision Plan. It was expected that students enrolled from this program would score more internally than students enrolled through the traditional admissions procedure. Results of the study of 150 students support this hypothesis.
Aircraft Valuation: A Network Approach to the Evaluation of Aircraft for Fleet Planning and Strategic Decision Making

Commercial aircraft and engine developments are major endeavours which strain considerably the resources of manufacturers. Beyond the financial strains, these research and development programs represent huge bets for the companies due to the fixed assumptions made when business plans are conceived and the abundance of uncertainties both at the technical and market levels. Standard methods used for capital budgeting are not well suited to account for uncertainty and tend to undervalue research and development projects. Similarly, traditional methods fail to capture the dynamic nature of the market and the erosion of leadership positions over time. The on-going research tries to fill some of these gaps by proposing a game-theoretic and real-option based method that will both help optimize research and development strategies as well as properly value large development projects. The analysis is applied to large commercial aircraft and engine developments and this paper presents the first step of the proposed methodology which is the valuation of aircraft and engines from a customer perspective. Assessing the value of an aircraft for an airline is both a complex and tedious task due to the uncertain environment and the long forecasting periods. Existing methods do not always capture the problem in its entirety and usually over-simplify it by using generic routes and surrogate models. In this paper, a method is proposed to carry out the valuation of an aircraft and its engines over an entire airline network. The aircraft valuation method developed will be used in later stages of the research to carry out the competitive analysis that is used for the aircraft development project valuation.
Multiple facets of problematic anger among regular smokers: exploring associations with smoking motives and cessation difficulties.

Introduction Research has implicated problematic anger in multiple smoking outcomes, including nicotine dependence and difficulties with cessation. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of anger in smoking behavior and cessation difficulties remain unclear. The current study examined associations between different facets of anger with smoking motives, problematic symptoms during past quit attempts, reasons for quitting, and perceived barriers to cessation. Methods Current smokers (N = 93) were administered measures assessing the relevant constructs. Results After controlling for gender and negative affectivity, greater trait anger was uniquely related to more severe symptoms during past cessation attempts, perceived internal and external barriers to cessation, social influence reasons for quitting, and negative affect reduction and sensorimotor smoking motivations. Conclusions These findings add uniquely to the literature on anger and smoking and suggest anger plays a role in everyday smoking behavior. Smokers with problematic anger might benefit from treatment focused on reducing anger and improving interpersonal functioning. Reducing trait anger may help reduce problematic symptoms during quitting, making relapse less likely.
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Environmental Sanitation and Behavior Habits Associated with Diarrhea in Rural Areas of Fujian Province

OBJECTIVE To explore the influencing factors of environmental sanitation and behavior habits associated with diarrhea in rural areas of Fujian and provide scientific basis for reducing prevalence rate of diarrhea.METHODS A total of 1 900 families from 19 counties were selected by stratified random sampling method to investigate the prevalence of diarrhea according to united questionnaire. Influencing factors of environmental sanitation and behavior habits associated with diarrhea were analyzed by Chi-square test.RESULTS The two-week prevalence rate of diarrhea among rural residents in Fujian province was 1.73%.Chi-square test analysis showed that the habit of drinking water(RR=2.369,95%CI:I:1.027～5.465),the habit of washing hands(RR=4.841,95%CI:1.132-20.704),Indoor Environmental health(RR=3.074,95%CI:1.597～5.928) and the types of household toilets(RR=3.928,95%CI:20.244～6.876) were significantly associated with diarrhea(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS Working well in family's environmental sanitation and getting into good health habits by strengthening health education are important measures to reduce the prevalence rate of diarrhea.
Analyse of Ophthalmic Optical-instruments

Objective:To help to realize the basic principle and the latest developments of the ophthalmic optical-instruments that applied to clinical application.Methods:To analyse the basic principle and function of ophthalmic optical-instruments by introducing basic principle and typical optical-instruments.Results and Conclusion:All ophthalmic optical-instruments are developments of classic optical knowledge integrated with clinical application.
Drinking patterns of the Mescalero Apache.

Since the establishment of their reservation in 1873, the Mescalero Apaches of southeastern New Mexico have been undergoing a process of culture change which has resulted in the disintegration of t...
The ski/sno protooncogene family in hematopoietic development

The ski/sno protooncogenes encode nuclear proteins that may act as transcription factors. We examined ski and sno mRNA expression in hemolymphopoietic lineages. The ski protooncogene is expressed in B- and T-lineage cells, mature macrophages, and mast cells. In normal murine marrow-derived progenitors analyzed by single-cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), ski expression is limited to dual-lineage megakaryocyte/erythrocyte colony-starts. Expression of sno is more limited than ski in mature cells; it is expressed in T lymphopoietic cells, but not in B-lineage cells. The sno protooncogene is expressed more widely than ski in myeloid progenitors, as it is found consistently in tri-, dual-, and single-lineage progenitors. Both ski and sno are cell cycle-regulated in synchronized factor-dependent mouse myeloid cells. Expression of ski mRNA peaks in mid G1 in cells synchronized by isoleucine deprivation in the presence of growth factor, but falls off rapidly when growth factor is withdrawn. Expression of sno mRNA is maximal in early to mid G1 and then oscillates as the cells continue through cycle. These results suggest that the ski/sno protooncogenes play a role in hematopoiesis, growth factor responses, and cell cycle-regulation, with the two members of the family showing differing properties.
Developments in digital in-line holography enable validated measurement of 3D particle field dynamics.

Digital in-line holography is an optical technique which can be applied to measure the size, three-dimensional position, and three-component velocity of disperse particle fields. This work summarizes recent developments at Sandia National Laboratories focused on improvement in measurement accuracy, experimental validation, and applications to multiphase flows. New routines are presented which reduce the uncertainty in measured position along the optical axis to a fraction of the particle diameter. Furthermore, application to liquid atomization highlights the ability to measure complex, three-dimensional structures. Finally, investigation of particles traveling at near sonic conditions prove accuracy despite significant experimental noise due to shock-waves.
Complexes of Ni(I): a “rare” oxidation state of growing importance

Nickel plays an important role in areas as diverse as metallurgy, magnetism and biology as well as in chemical applications such as the catalytic transformation of organic substrates. Despite nickel's importance, the investigation of its compounds in various oxidation states remains uneven and those in the +1 oxidation are less common than those in the neighboring 0 and +2 oxidation states. Nonetheless, in recent years, the volume of work on Ni(i) complexes has increased to the extent that they can be no longer regarded as rare. This review focuses on the syntheses and structures of Ni(i) complexes and shows that they display a range of structures, reactivity and magnetic behavior that places them in the forefront of current nickel chemistry research.
Implementation of efficient SR-Latch PUF on FPGA and SoC devices

Abstract In this paper we present a reliable and efficient SR-Latch based PUF design, with two times improvement in area over the state of the art, thus making it very attractive for low-area designs. This PUF is able to reliably generate a cryptographic key. The PUF response is generated by quantifying the number of oscillations during the metastability state for preselected latches. The derived design has been verified on 25 Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGAs (XC6SLX16) and 10 Xilinx Zynq SoC (XC7Z010) devices. The design exhibited ∼49% uniqueness figures when tested on both types of FPGAs. The reliability figures were >94% for temperature variation (0–85 °C) and ±5% of core voltage variation.
Resolving the X-ray emission from the Lyman-continuum emitting galaxy Tol 1247-232

Chandra observations of the nearby, Lyman-continuum (LyC) emitting galaxy Tol 1247-232 resolve the X-ray emission and show that it is dominated by a point-like source with a hard spectrum ($\Gamma = 1.6 \pm 0.5$) and a high luminosity ($(9 \pm 2) \times 10^{40} \rm \, erg \, s^{-1}$). Comparison with an earlier XMM-Newton observation shows flux variation of a factor of 2. Hence the X-ray emission likely arises from an accreting X-ray source: a low-luminosity AGN or one or a few X-ray binaries. The Chandra X-ray source is similar to the point-like, hard spectrum ($\Gamma = 1.2 \pm 0.2$), high luminosity ($10^{41} \rm \, erg \, s^{-1}$) source seen in Haro 11, which is the only other confirmed LyC-emitting galaxy that has been resolved in X-rays. We discuss the possibility that accreting X-ray sources contribute to LyC escape.
Thermoelectric Performance Study of Graphene Antidot Lattices on Different Substrates

Pristine graphene has low thermoelectric performance due to its ultra-high thermal conductivity and a low Seebeck coefficient, the latter of which results from the zero-band gap of graphene. To improve the thermoelectric performance of graphene-based materials, various methods have been proposed to open a band gap in graphene. Graphene antidot lattices is one of the most effective methods to reach this goal by patterning periodic nano- or sub-1-nm pores (antidots) across graphene. In high-porosity graphene antidot lattices, charge carriers mainly flow through the narrow necks between pores, forming a comparable case as graphene nanoribbons. This will open a geometry-dependent band gap and dramatically increase the Seebeck coefficient. The antidots also strongly scatter phonons, leading to a dramatically reduced lattice thermal conductivity to further enhance the thermoelectric performance. In computations, the thermoelectric figure of merit of a graphene antidot lattices was predicted to be around 1.0 at 300 K but experimental validation is still required. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of graphene antidot lattices on various substrates including SiO2, SiC and hexagonal boron nitride were measured. The antidots were drilled with a focused ion beam or reactive ion etching.
Autoimmune Diabetes Presented with Diabetic Ketoacidosis Induced by Immunotherapy in an Adult with Melanoma.

Introduction Immunotherapy has been approved for treatment of melanoma. Autoimmune endocrinopathies have been reported in trials involving immunotherapy but autoimmune diabetes has not been definitively linked to them. Here we describe a case of autoimmune diabetes presenting with DKA after receiving combined immunotherapy with anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 monoclonal antibodies. Case A 47year old gentleman with metastatic melanoma presented to our institution with confusion, abdominal pain and decreased oral intake. The patient had a history of diabetes on metformin which was discontinued two years prior. He was started on Novilumab/Iplimumab for metastatic melanoma. He had received two cycles of immunotherapy and treatment was initially well tolerated. However, eight days after the second cycle the patient developed lethargy, confusion, vomiting and abdominal pain. CT of the head was negative for intracranial abnormalities and without evidence of brain metastasis. His laboratory results included: serum sodium 126 mmol/L, potassium 6.7 mmol/L, BUN 55 mg/dL, creatinine 3.5, bicarbonate 5 mmol/L, chloride 94 mmol/L, albumin 3.2 g/dL. Serum beta-hydroxybuterate was elevated (4.7 mmol/L, N: 0.0-0.5 mmol/L) and the calculated anion gap was 43 mmol/L. Serum lipase elevated (535 u/L, N: 4-60 u/L). The diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis was made and he was started on intravenous fluids and insulin therapy. Given his history of metastatic melanoma, his DKA was initially thought to be secondary to pancreatic metastasis especially considering the elevated lipase level. A non-contrast CT of the abdomen showed no evidence of pancreatic metastasis. Interestingly, further investigation identified high serum titers of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies (0.43 nmol/L, N: less than 0.02 nmol/L), a low C-peptide level (0.2 ng/ml, N: 0.9-5.5 ng/ml), supporting an autoimmune etiology of the diabetes. Other islet autoantibodies were not elevated and his Hemoglobin A1C was 8.0 percent . Discussion There are few case reports about diabetes and immunotherapy. Autoimmune mechanism was suggested as the culprit, although not all cases reported with positive antibodies. Moreover, it is unlikely that patient developed latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA); and not related to immunotherapy due to the course of LADA is quite more gradual and our patient presented with acute DKA few days post the second cycle. Physicians and patients should be aware that autoimmune disorder such as DKA may be a rare but important immunotherapy related adverse events.
Isoparametric Formulation and Mesh Quality

Abstract Formulating each element of similar shape individually within an FE model (mesh) to accommodate geometric variations is resource-intensive. In this chapter, the concept of isoparametric formulation based on the natural coordinate system is introduced. The resulting method alleviates the need to formulate each individual element. Next we introduce an approach for setting up an FE model by using a transfer mapping function for linking information from a coordinate system based on natural coordinates to the global coordinate system. Finally, the Jacobian and several other parameters used to measure the quality of mesh are discussed.
Modeling the effects of new automation capabilities on air traffic control operations: Approved for public release; Distribution unlimited. Case number 17-2692

When developing new automation capabilities, analysts must consider how those capabilities affect the air traffic controller's tasks. At the request of the FAA, MITRE examined how a future set of automation enhancements for the TRACON domain will impact air traffic controller workflow, task times, and mental effort. The MITRE team assessed these operational impacts to the controller through task modeling with a tool called Cogulator. We modeled tasks representing operations with today's tools (as-is) and use of the TRACON automation enhancements (to-be). Our modeling results show how a controller's workflow changes when the controller chooses to use the TRACON automation enhancements. These workflow changes include electronic communication in place of voice communication, as well as earlier notification of separation and spacing conflicts. Our results also demonstrate other impacts of using the automation enhancements: shorter task times associated with each capability and mental effort levels that decrease or stay the same.
Life after HSCT: Survivorship and long-term issues

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a curative therapeutic option for not just hematologic malignancies but also many nonmalignant conditions such as beta thalassemia, sickle cell disease, metabolic disorders, and certain primary immunodeficiencies. Continued advances in the HSCT techniques, expansion of indications for HSCT, and tremendous progress in supportive care strategies and management of HSCT-related complications have collectively resulted in an expanding population of survivors of HSCT. Progress and expansion of alternative donor hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) sources (e.g., umbilical cord blood, haploidentical donors) are resulting in a continually increasing amount of HSCTs performed in children per year. These survivors are at risk of developing treatment-related late effects, and two-thirds of the HSCT survivors will develop at least one chronic health condition. The direct impact of these long-term effects on the morbidity and mortality of the HSCT survivors makes risk-based and exposure-related screening for these late effects a critical part of their care. This chapter reviews the most common secondary neoplasms seen in survivors of HSCT during childhood and adolescence. This chapter will also discuss the HSCT-associated long-term complications affecting the cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, musculoskeletal, renal, and neurocognitive systems. Screening recommendations are also included.
Modern Continuum Mechanics in Adolescence (1962)

That reprinting of this work is now called for, indicates a great change in circumstances against the time when it was written. When, in 1946, I first began to study the foundations of continuum mechanics, within a few months I had set the whole field in order, to my own satisfaction. I quickly wrote and submitted to an international meeting an expository memoir, which was rejected. In view of the quality of papers accepted by the same meeting, I was naive enough to be astonished as well as disappointed, and I sent the manuscript for criticism to a number of experts. Most of these did not deign to acknowledge it or to reply, but two did. Mr. Friedrichs told me I had underestimated the work of earlier authors. Since my information concerning it was drawn from reputable textbooks, I turned, somewhat taken aback, to the sources they cited, and then to the sources cited by those sources, and so on, until within a year I found out how right he was and how little I had seen of the real issues faced by the great natural philosophers one and two centuries ago. During this period I first saw Mr. Reiner’s papers of 1945 and 1948. On 23 December 1948 Mr. V. Mises asked me to write a general exposition of recent theories of deformable masses for a volume he was editing. I set to work at once and completed the article, severely condensed so as to keep within twice the space allowed, at the appointed time; on 23 May 1949 Mr. v. Mises acknowledged receipt of the final manuscript. I had first gotten in touch with Mr. Rivlin in January, although I did not master his work in time for it to assert the influence it ought have had upon the structure of the article, my expositions of it being of the nature of insertions and appendices to the original plan.
Privacy rules for revealing one’s undocumented status to nonfamily members: Exploring the perspectives of undocumented youth of Mexican origin:

Based on the theory of communication privacy management, we explored: (a) undocumented immigrant youth’s privacy rules for managing their undocumented status disclosures to nonfamily members, and (...
Single cell profiling of the VMH reveals a sexually dimorphic regulatory node of energy expenditure

Abstract Estrogen signaling in the central nervous system promotes weight loss by increasing thermogenesis and physical activity in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), but the precise neuronal populations regulating these aspects of energy expenditure remain unclear. Here we define the molecular and functional heterogeneity of the VMH using single cell RNA sequencing, in situ hybridization, chemogenetic activation, and targeted gene knockdown. We describe six molecularly distinct neuron clusters in the VMH. In females, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is restricted to neurons expressing tachykinin-1 (Tac1) or reprimo (Rprm). Further, Tac1 and Rprm expression is enriched in females, a sex difference that is established by permanent effects of gonadal hormones early in life. Finally, while Tac1 ablation selectively impairs movement, here we show that silencing Rprm selectively dysregulates temperature without affecting physical activity. Together this work provides a novel architectural framework whereby distinct and sexually differentiated neuron populations within the VMH mediate sex-specific aspects of metabolic homeostasis.
The relationship between substance misuse and complicated grief: A systematic review.

Abstract Complicated grief is a prolonged, bereavement-specific disorder with significant psychological and physical consequences. Although complicated grief represents a risk to individuals with substance misuse, this relationship is poorly understood. Consequently, this systematic literature review examined empirical findings regarding the relationship between substance misuse and complicated grief. We searched 11 databases to identify pertinent quantitative studies published in English. Our search yielded 12 peer-reviewed journal articles (N = 1749) published between 1997 and 2017. Included studies evaluated the prevalence, assessment, etiology, correlates, risk factors, and treatment of complicated grief and substance misuse among individuals with one or both conditions. Our review found evidence of a positive relationship between complicated grief and substance misuse. Individuals with substance misuse were at increased risk for subsequent development of complicated grief, particularly when increases in substance consumption preceded bereavement. Conversely, complicated grief predicted increases in smoking and alcohol dependence. Multiple risk factors for individuals with complicated grief and substance misuse were identified and discussed. An existing complicated grief assessment performed well among individuals with substance misuse, and grief interventions were effective in reducing symptoms of complicated grief and substance misuse simultaneously. Given the severity of consequences associated with both conditions, more research is needed to understand this relationship, identify effective assessment tools, and evaluate intervention strategies to improve outcomes.
Navigating complex realities: Barriers to health care access for undocumented African immigrant women in the United States

Undocumented immigrants encounter a myriad of complex barriers to health care access, negatively impacting their health outcomes. In this qualitative study we aimed to understand the barriers to health care for undocumented African immigrant women in the United States as well as how women navigate these barriers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 undocumented African immigrant women. Our findings indicate that undocumented African women experience complex barriers to care which they attempted to navigate. In this study we provide information that healthcare professionals can employ in attending to the health needs of undocumented women and creating safe spaces for them to seek care.
Increased oxidative phosphorylation in lymphocytes does not atone for decreased cell numbers after burn injury.

The acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiorgan dysfunction (MOD) that occur in large burn injuries may be attributed, in part, to immunosuppressive responses such as decrea...
Molecular typing, virulence genes and drug resistance of Salmonella typhimurium in Longyan city

Objective To analyze the molecular typing characteristics by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), drug resistance and virulence genes of Salmonella typhimurium in Longyan city in order to provide reference for the prevention and control. Methods A total of 79 Salmonella typhimurium strains were isolated from sporadic cases of diarrhea and food poisoning and raw poultry meat samples during 2010 to 2017. PFGE was performed to measure the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 15 commonly used drugs against them. PCR was used to detect nine virulence genes (sopB, invA, sifA, sscA, sseE, spvB, pefA, spvR, spvC) in 55 strains. Results The 79 Salmonella typhimurium strains belonged to 61 PFGE types. There were 10, three and four strains of P1, P3 and P21 types, respectively. Seven P1 type strains were isolate from one food poisoning event. According to the 85% classification standard, 79 Salmonella typhimurium strains could be divided into five predominant gene clusters (G1-G5). Drug susceptibility test showed that the 79 strains had the highest resistance rate to ampicillin (88.61%), followed by that to tetracycline (87.34%) and streptomycin (73.41%). Multidrug resistant bacteria resistant to three or more antibacterial drugs accounted for 84.81% (67/79). All of the 55 strains carried invA, sopB, sseE and sscA genes. The other five genes, sifA, spvC, spvB, spvR and pefA, were detected in 54, 31. 10, 11 and 12 strains, respectively. There were 76.4% (42/55) of the strains carrying five or six virulence genes and all were positive for invA, sopB, sseE, sscA and sifA, and negative for spvB, spvR and pefA. The strains carrying all of the nine virulence genes accounted for 18.2% (10/55). Conclusions Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated in Longyan city had a diverse PFGE type. P1, P3 and P21 types were the three predominant PFGE types. In the food poisoning event, PFGE molecular typing could quickly alert the outbreak and traceability of Salmonella typhimurium. Attention should be paid to the multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. Monitoring of multidrug-resistant strains and supervision on antibacterial drug usage should be strengthened. Salmonella typhimurium had high virulence as it carried many virulence genes. Key words: Salmonella typhimurium; PFGE molecular typing; Cluster analysis; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Multidrug resistance; Virulence gene; Salmonella virulence island; Salmonella plasmid virulence gene
An Open-Label Study to Assess the Effect of Itraconazole and Rifampin on Parsaclisib Pharmacokinetics When Administered Orally in Healthy Participants

Parsaclisib, a selective, potent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta inhibitor being developed for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. This study assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of parsaclisib alone or combined with itraconazole (potent CYP3A inhibitor) or rifampin (potent CYP3A4 inducer) in healthy participants. In this open-label, fixed-sequence study, cohort 1 received oral parsaclisib 10 mg once daily on days 1 and 8 and oral itraconazole 200 mg once daily on days 4-11; cohort 2 received oral parsaclisib 20 mg once daily on days 1 and 11 and oral rifampin 600 mg once daily on days 4-12. Parsaclisib plasma concentration was tested and PK parameters calculated by noncompartmental analysis. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 2-sided 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by 2-factor analysis of variance. Thirty-six healthy participants were enrolled (18 per cohort). Parsaclisib maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax ) and area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-∞ ) were increased by 21% and 107% with concomitant itraconazole versus parsaclisib alone (GMR, 1.21; 90%CI, 1.14-1.29; and 2.07; 90%CI, 1.97-2.17, respectively). Parsaclisib Cmax and AUC were reduced by 43% and 77%, respectively, with concomitant rifampin versus parsaclisib alone (GMR, 0.57; 90%CI, 0.53-0.60; and 0.23; 90%CI, 0.21-0.24, respectively). Headache was the most common adverse event, reported by 13.9% of participants (all in cohort 2). Single-dose parsaclisib alone or combined with itraconazole or rifampin appeared safe and well tolerated in healthy participants. Parsaclisib dose adjustment may be necessary with concomitant administration of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers.
Aromatics from Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Platform for High-Performance Thermosets

Renewable and sustainable thermosets with thermo-mechanical properties that are equivalent to, or better than, those of petroleum-derived commercial incumbents are desirable to mitigate environment...
Assessing Mental Health After a Disaster: Flood Exposure, Recovery Stressors, and Prior Flood Experience

Natural disasters are associated with environmental destruction and loss. In this chapter, we focus on mental health assessment in the years after a devastating flood. We begin with a brief overview of disasters and their psychosocial impacts. Next, we present data from an online survey conducted approximately 24–36 months after the flooding in 2016, which devasted many towns and communities across south Louisiana. These data show elevations in symptoms of post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety in respondents with flood damage to their homes compared to those who were exposed to the flood but did not have water enter their homes. Significant positive correlations were obtained for recovery stress and total recovery events for all three symptom types. Regression analyses confirmed that age, gender, and current flood status were significantly associated with all three types of elevated symptoms. Contrary to expectation, prior flood experience was not a significant predictor of current mental health symptoms. Implications of these findings for the assessment of mental and behavioral health challenges after a natural disaster are considered.
Stability Analysis of VE Amplifiers Based on Determinant Equations

A general method for calculating self-excitation thresholds for a large class of standing and traveling wave structures used in klystrons, traveling wave tubes, and other vacuum-electronic devices is presented. We determine circuit parameters of RF structures that are changed due to the presence of electron beam, and analyze stability of the obtained matrices. Determinant equations defined by such stability matrices are derived. The use of the method for structures with round and arbitrary geometry beam tunnels is discussed. Analytical stability evaluation described here greatly complements the large signal beam-wave interaction CHRISTINE and TESLA family codes as well as EM PIC codes such as NEPTUNE.
Humors, Fruit, and Botanical Art in Early Modern England

Sixteenth-century England considered fresh fruit as unhealthy, in part due to dietary beliefs and in part because cultivated fruit was not readily available for general consumption. During the 1569 plague, fresh fruit was banned, believed to be causing the contagion. Yet a change was in the air at the turn of the seventeenth century, and fruit began to lose its negative reputation as a health hazard. But what caused this paradigm shift? This essay contends that a confluence of scientific exploration; advancements in botany and the classification of plants tied to the publications of household manuals; and the burgeoning of botanical and “market” genre paintings in the seventeenth century altered the perception of fruit’s effect on the body’s humors.
Trends in length of stay for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit patients who die before hospital discharge.

OBJECTIVES To establish days between birth and death for neonates over a 14-year period, to determine if days between birth and death has changed over time across gestational age (GA) cohorts, and identify diagnoses which may put infants at high risk of prolonged hospitalization leading to death. STUDY DESIGN This was a single-site, retrospective chart review of inborn infants who died prior to hospital discharge. RESULTS 239 patients born between 1/1/2006 and 12/31/2020 met inclusion criteria. Days until death ranged from 0-300 with a median of 6 days (IQR= 23). Median days until death increased over time, with a statistically significant increase between epoch 1 and epoch 2 (p = 0.016) but not between epoch 2 and epoch 3 (p = 0.618). Extremely premature infants died earlier than more mature infants (p < 0.001). In addition, infants who died as a result of complex congenital heart disease or a gastrointestinal (GI) catastrophe died later (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) than newborns without cardiac or GI issues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate an increase in time to death for newborns who did not survive to hospital discharge over a 14-year period. This trend suggests that the dynamics informing Meadows' assertion that 'doomed infants die early' may be shifting, with some seriously ill infants who die before hospital discharge surviving longer than previously described. More research is needed to understand how best to care for babies who will not survive to discharge and to explore when supports such as palliative care consultation may be beneficial.
Medieval Monstrosity and the Female Body

Acknowledgments Introduction: The Monstrous Borders of the Female Body 1: Ovidian Poetry, Virgins, Mothers, and Monsters: Ovidian and Pseudo-Ovidian Bodies 2: Gynecology, Gynecological Secrets: Blood, Seed, and Monstrous Births in De secretis mulierum 3: Mystical Theology, Monstrous Love: The Permeable Body of Christ in Julian of Norwich's Showings Conclusion: The Monstrous Borders of the Self Notes Bibliography Index
CD3ζ and CD28 down-modulation on CD8 T cells during viral infection

Down-modulation of CD3ζ expression on CD8 T lymphocytes occurs, independently of other T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 components, in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and autoimmune disease. These associations suggest that it might be related to chronic antigenic stimulation. CD3ζ down-modulation was found, however, in CD8 T cells that proliferate in response to acute viral infections. In 3 otherwise healthy donors with acute gastroenteritis, infectious mononucleosis, and Epstein–Barr virus/cytomegalovirus/mononucleosis, 30% to 60% of circulating CD8 T cells had down-modulated CD3ζ to below the level of detection. The CD3ζ-T cells were also CD28− but expressed the activation markers HLA-DR and CD57. CD3ζ–CD28– T cells are effector CTL because they express perforin and produce IFN-γ, but not IL-2, on activation and contain the viral-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). However, CD3ζ–CD28–T cells generally do not express CD25 after anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 stimulation and are not cytotoxic until they are cultured with IL-2 overnight. Cytotoxicity coincides with the re-expression of CD3ζ but not CD28. Down-modulation of CD3ζ and CD28 on effector CTL may control CTL triggering and proliferation to prevent immunopathogenesis.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine inhibits collagen secretion in hepatic stellate cells via increased ubiquitination.

Background: Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that disrupt normal liver microcirculation and lead to organ injury. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), following transdifferentiation, are the central mediators of hepatic fibrosis through increased secretion of ECM components, including type I collagen. Aims: The mechanism(s) by which the antioxidant S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) acts to modulate type I collagen secretion in activated HSCs was examined. Methods: Hepatic stellate cells were culture-activated for 13–15 days and treated with SAMe. Type I collagen, proteasomal activity and resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein [78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (Grp78) and protein disulphide isomerase (PDI)] expression were measured. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, and its role in SAMe-mediated collagen inhibition, was determined. Type I collagen polyubiquitination was examined. Results: S-adenosyl-l-methionine significantly inhibited type I collagen secretion without significant changes in type I collagen mRNA expression. SAMe also increased NF-κB activity, and blocking NF-κB activity using a dominant-negative IκBα abolished the SAMe-mediated type I collagen secretion. Examination of the post-transcriptional fate of procollagen demonstrated that SAMe treatment led to intracellular type I collagen polyubiquitination accompanied by diminution of proteasomal activity. Expression of Grp78 and PDI (resident ER proteins) were significantly decreased by SAMe treatment. Conclusions: S-adenosyl-l-methionine inhibits collagen processing leading to increased ubiquitination and decreased secretion. These findings represent a novel mechanism for modulating type I collagen expression in activated HSCs.
The Bias of the Rsr Estimator and the Accuracy of Some Alternatives

This paper analyzes the implications of cross-sectional hetero- skedasticity in repeat sales regression (RSR). RSR estimators are essentially geometric averages of individual asset returns because of the logarithmic transformation of price relatives. We show that the cross sectional variance of asset returns affects the magnitude of bias in the average return estimate for that period, while reducing the bias for the surrounding periods. It is not easy to use an approximation method to correct the bias problem. We suggest a maximum-likelihood alternative to the RSR that directly estimates index returns that are analogous to the RSR estimators but are arithmetic averages of individual returns. Simulations show that these estimators are robust to time-varying cross-sectional variance and may be more accurate than RSR and some alternative methods of RSR.
Bilingual Education in the United States

When the original thirteen colonies gained their independence from England in 1776 and struggled to become the United States, one of the defining characteristics of the new nation and the lands that it would eventually exploit and conquer was multilingualism (Kloss, 1977). In addition to native American Indian languages groups, new groups of European immigrants streamed into the country to settle in the lands taken from the native American Indians. One of the first actions taken by the many immigrant settler groups was to set up schools which taught their children through their native language, with the goal of fluent bilingualism. These early attempts at bilingual education were tolerated throughout the 19th century, but came to an abrupt end following World War I. Using a language other than English was viewed as un-American behavior.
In utero meconium suctioning may prevent meconium aspiration.

Objective: To assess usefulness of in utero meconium suctioning using endoscopic approach. Materials and Methods: In utero meconium suctioning under direct endoscopic visualization was successfully performed in 11 fetuses in whom thick meconium was detected upon rupture of the membranes. A gas-sterilized flexible fiberoptic scope with an operational channel was introduced via cervix, and meconium was aspirated from the fetal mouth. Definitive suction was performed in all neonates immediately after birth. Results: Endoscopic meconium suctioning was successfully performed in 11 out of 16 fetuses with retrieval of 3–12 ml of meconium. Only 1 neonate in this series of cases had meconium below the vocal cords and none developed meconium aspiration syndrome postnatally. Conclusion: Because fatal meconium aspiration syndrome is largely an intrauterine event, the concept of in utero prophylactic meconium suctioning may serve as an effective modality for its prevention.