cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interfacial characterization of flexible hybrid electronics

Flexible Hybrid Electronics (FHEs) are the new generation of electronics combining flexible plastic film substrates with electronic devices. Besides the electrical features, design improvements of FHEs depend on the prediction of their mechanical and failure behavior. Debonding of electronic components from the flexible substrate is one of the most common and critical failures of these devices, therefore, the experimental determination of material and interface properties is of great importance in the prediction of failure mechanisms. Traditional interface characterization involves isolated shear and normal mode tests such as the double cantilever beam (DCB) and end notch flexure (ENF) tests. However, due to the thin, flexible nature of the materials and manufacturing restrictions, tests mirroring traditional interface characterization experiments may not always be possible. The ideal goal of this research is to design experiments such that each mode of fracture is isolated. However, due to the complex nonlinear nature of the response and small geometries of FHEs, design of the proper tests to characterize the interface properties can be significantly time and cost consuming. Hence numerical modeling has been implemented to design these novel characterization experiments. This research involves loading case and specimen geometry parametric studies using numerical modeling to design future experiments where either shear or normal fracture modes are dominant. These virtual experiments will provide a foundation for designing similar tests for many different types of flexible electronics and predicting the failure mechanism independent of the specific FHE materials.
Policy, Principle, and Incrementalism: Dworkin's Jurisprudence of Race

For several decades, Ronald Dworkinhas been one of the most prominent voicesdefending the legality and justifiability ofrace-conscious programs aimed at undoing thecontinuing effects of prejudice. Writingwithin the framework of a liberal legalphilosophy, he has formulated powerfularguments against the view that color-blindpolicies are the only defensible ones. Nonetheless, I argue that a more completeliberal defense of race-conscious policieswould need to develop and modify Dworkin's lineof argument. Such a defense would go beyondhis policy-based arguments and incorporatearguments of principle. Race-conscious policiesdo not only promote the general good; they arealso required in order to help realize theconstitutional right of equal citizenship.
Glycosaminoglycan stratification of the juxtacanalicular tissue in normal and primary open-angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE The juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT) is the probable site of aqueous outflow resistance in normal eyes and of the increased resistance in primary open-angle glaucoma eyes (POAG). The purpose of this histochemical study was to determine the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composition and stratification in the JCT of POAG and age-matched normal eyes. METHODS Five eyes from four normal donors and five eyes from four POAG donors (69 to 80 years of age) were analyzed. Using methods that histochemically preserve GAGs, GAG-degrading enzymes, Alcian blue staining, and real color discrimination to exclude pigment, nuclear staining and unstained areas, the type and amount of GAGs were estimated by compute-raided charge-coupled device color video image analysis. To examine GAG stratification, the JCT was segmented into three regions-anterior, middle, and posterior-to examine regional differences in GAG composition; each region was further divided into four 2-microns layers, from layer 1, adjacent to and including the endothelium of Schlemm's canal, to layer 4, to the first trabecular lamellae. RESULTS The normal GAG JCT profile was as follows: hyaluronic acid (HA), 7.78 +/- 1.23 femtograms (fg)/micron2; chondroitin sulfates (CS), 8.18 +/- 0.82 fg/micron2; dermatan sulfate, 0.29 +/- 0.18 fg/micron2; the total, 18.73 +/- 0.68 fg/micron2. In contrast, the POAG GAG JCT profile was as follows: HA 0.57 +/- 0.31 fg/micron2 (P < 0.00001), a 93% decrease; CS 13.49 +/- 0.74 fg/micron2 (P < 0.0001), a 83% increase; dermatan sulfate, 0.90 +/- 0.53 fg/micron2; and the total, 17.31 +/- 0.95 fg/micron2, an 8.2% decrease. The HA was depleted in all layers of all regions of POAG JCT. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that the normal JCT is stratified, with HA as the predominant GAG in layers 1 and 2. The POAG JCT is depleted of HA and has an accumulation of CS, which may increase outflow resistance and, consequently, increase intraocular pressure in patients with POAG.
Imagery in Verbal Therapy and Art Therapy

Imagery and expression in visual media have common components. Most obvious is the image itself, experienced internally, expressed verbally, or constructed and represented through the media. In any case, the images carry a meaning and also have an emotional value. The process of forming the images and the structures supporting them is similar to experiencing inner images and visual perception. Internal imagery is made accessible to consciousness through the same motoric, sensory, and visual perceptual systems as external perceptions. Internal perception can interfere with and thus is presumed to use the same channels of processing information as external perception (Sheehan, 1972).
Advanced Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring

With the ability to measure parameters such as cardiac output, preload and afterload the pulmonary artery (PA) catheter has been considered the gold standard of hemodynamic monitoring for a long time. In recent years it has partially been replaced by less invasive technologies in many institutions.
IVD Development: Nucleus Pulposus Development and Sclerotome Specification

Intervertebral discs (IVD) are derived from embryonic notochord and sclerotome. The nucleus pulposus is derived from notochord while other connective tissues of the spine are derived from sclerotome. This manuscript will review the past 5 years of research into IVD development. Over the past several years, advances in understanding the step-wise process that govern development of the nucleus pulposus and the annulus fibrosus have been made. Generation of tissues from induced or embryonic stem cells into nucleus pulposus and paraxial mesoderm derived tissues has been accomplished in vitro using pathways identified in normal development. A balance between BMP and TGF-s signaling as well as transcription factors including Pax1/Pax9, Mkx, and Nkx3.2 appear to be very important for cell fate decisions generating tissues of the IVD. Understanding how the IVD develops will provide the foundation for future repair, regeneration, and tissue engineering strategies for IVD disease.
Sclerosing Spindle Cell Preauricular Rhabdomyosarcoma in a 7-Year-Old Female

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue malignancy seen in children. Approximately half of all RMS seen in the pediatric population occur in the head and neck; it is the most common malignant tumor of the aural region in childhood. There are three histological subtypes: embryonal, alveolar and pleomorphic. Sclerosing spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (ssRMS) is subtype of the embryonal RMS seen mostly in adult males. Although embryonal RMS is common, the spindle cell variant is rare comprising only 3% of cases and is usually seen in males below the age of 7 years. This case study demonstrates sclerosing spindle cell RMS in a 7-year-old female patient presenting with an auricular mass. J Med Cases. 2018;9(10):348-351 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3164
Multifocal/Multicentric Ipsilateral Invasive Breast Carcinomas with Similar Histology: Is Multigene Testing of All Individual Foci Necessary?

Multiple synchronous ipsilateral invasive breast carcinomas (BCs) with similar histology usually have concordant receptor status. It is unknown whether individual foci with similar histology also share molecular and biological similarities or are heterogenous. This study examined the concordance of the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) in multiple synchronous morphologically similar ipsilateral BCs. We identified patients with multiple ipsilateral BCs and available RS treated at our institution from 1/2014 to 6/2018. BCs were divided into three groups based on RS: (1) RS in same risk category, (2) RS in different risk categories but within 2-unit difference (e.g., RS 17 and RS 19), and (3) RS in different risk categories and a change of > 2 units. BCs in groups 1 and 2 were considered as concordant (no significant clinical impact) and BCs in group 3 as discordant (variation affects management). A total of 53 patients met the study criteria. RS was concordant in 46 (87%) cases. Seven (13%) cases were discordant (group 3). Of these, three (43%, 3/7) had biopsy cavity changes (BXC) adjacent to the BC with highest RS. In two cases the focus with higher RS had a lower percentage of progesterone receptor-positive tumor cells. In two cases, extensive ductal carcinoma in situ was associated with the BC focus with lower RS. Morphologically similar multifocal ipsilateral BCs have concordant RS in 87% (46/53) of cases. Our results suggest that, in cases of morphologically similar multifocal BCs, testing of a single focus provides accurate prognostic and predictive information.
Colorimetric Detection of Carcinogenic Alkylating Fumigants on Nylon-6 Nanofibrous Membrane. Part I: Investigation of 4-(p-Nitrobenzyl)pyridine as a “New” Sensing Agent with Ultrahigh Sensitivity

Alkylating fumigants are widely used in agricultural production for the control of soil-borne pests, but the acute toxicity and carcinogenicity of these chemicals pose a health threat to farm workers, as well as residents. A nanofibrous membrane-based colorimetric sensor relying on the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4-( p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) is introduced for the convenient and portable detection of alkylating fumigants. Comparing with the traditional use of NBP in detecting alkylating agents, this sensor system achieves a parts per billion level detection sensitivity toward alkylating fumigant gases without a high-temperature incubation or the addition of extra bases. The mechanisms of the detection reaction and the detection sensitivities of different fumigants were studied with computational methods, and the results comprehensively prove the proposed optimized detection mechanisms. The detection limit of methyl iodide, methyl bromide, and 1,3-dichloropropene successfully reaches to the limiting exposure concentrations (PEL or REL) with a naked-eye detectable color difference within 5 min with a dynamic detection procedure. The designed sensing system is promising for a real-time monitoring of the air quality related to alkylating fumigants in the environment, especially in agricultural and industrial areas.
Voltage and Deflection Amplification via Double Resonance Excitation in a Cantilever Microstructure

Cantilever electrostatically-actuated resonators show great promise in sensing and actuating applications. However, the electrostatic actuation suffers from high-voltage actuation requirements and high noise low-amplitude signal-outputs which limit its applications. Here, we introduce a mixed-frequency signal for a cantilever-based resonator that triggers its mechanical and electrical resonances simultaneously, to overcome these limitations. A single linear RLC circuit cannot completely capture the response of the resonator under double resonance excitation. Therefore, we develop a coupled mechanical and electrical mathematical linearized model at different operation frequencies and validate this model experimentally. The double-resonance excitation results in a 21 times amplification of the voltage across the resonator and 31 times amplitude amplification over classical excitation schemes. This intensive experimental study showed a great potential of double resonance excitation providing a high amplitude amplification and maintaining the linearity of the system when the parasitic capacitance is maintained low.
Vox populi. Il voto ad alta voce del 2018

Vox populi vox Dei? On 4 March 2018 the Italian people ‘voiced’ its dissatisfaction and preferences. Not loudly, as the subtitle of the book suggests, and definitely not expressing a divine judgmen...
Reciprocal associations between screen time and emotional disorder symptoms during adolescence.

Abstract Screen-based sedentary behaviors and emotional disorders are associated with one another in youth. Yet, the direction of the association is unclear, as is whether specific types of screen-based sedentary behaviors and emotional disorder symptoms are more closely linked. This study estimated the bi-directional associations between two types of screen-based sedentary behaviors and four types of self-reported emotional disorder symptoms, and tested whether physical activity buffered these associations in a Los Angeles high school student cohort (N = 2525, baseline Mage = 14.6 years). Participants completed baseline (9th Grade, 2013) and 12-month follow-up (10th grade, 2014) surveys reporting on: television viewing and computer/videogame use (≥4 h/day; yes/no), physical activity (≥60 min/day for ≥5 days/week), and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder (PD), and Social Phobia (SP) symptoms (meet/exceed [sub]clinical symptom threshold; yes/no). After adjusting for baseline screen-based sedentary behavior and covariates, students with (sub)clinical baseline MDD and GAD were at increased odds of high computer/videogame use one year later (OR = 1.36[95%CI, 1.07–1.73]; OR = 1.36[95%CI,1.09–1.71], respectively). Baseline SP was marginally related to increased computer/videogame use at follow-up (OR = 1.33[95%CI,1.04–1.69]). Greater baseline computer/videogame use was associated with increased odds of (sub)clinical GAD (OR = 1.54[95%CI,1.23–1.94]) and (sub)clinical SP (OR = 1.64[95%CI 1.27–2.12]) at follow-up; these associations were suppressed among baseline physically active students. Television viewing was unrelated to emotional disorder symptoms and PD was not associated with screen-based sedentary behaviors. Thus, only reciprocal associations between computer/videogame use, SP, and GAD during a one-year period of adolescence were observed. Interventions reducing computer/videogame use and increasing physical activity may improve adolescent emotional health.
Toxicities of single agent and combination immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with autoimmune diseases.

e14176Background: Autoimmunity is associated with increased risk of malignancy. However, patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases (AIDs) have been excluded from trials of immune checkpoint in...
Household composition and maltreatment allegations in the US: Deconstructing the at-risk single mother family

Abstract Background Previous research has demonstrated the association between child maltreatment and household composition, with increased maltreatment risk generally present in single mother households. However, existing research does not fully examine the complexity and configuration of single mother households. In particular, less is known about important variants of single parent family structures, such as grandparents residing in the home, and the extent to which household compositions change across time. Objective The present study examines rates of maltreatment allegations across various household compositions in a sample of single biological mother households. Participants and Setting: Youth participants (N = 417) were part of the larger multi-site Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) study. Methods Participants completed longitudinal assessments of household composition and maltreatment allegations from ages 4 to 10. Results: The present study illustrates substantial variability in the rate of maltreatment allegations across different types of single mother household compositions. In particular, the presence of non-relatives, especially unrelated males, demonstrated an increased risk for maltreatment allegations in the home. Conversely, single mother homes with two or more adult relatives, especially grandmothers, were at reduced risk for child maltreatment allegations. Conclusions This study highlights variability in maltreatment allegations among single mother homes, including how maltreatment allegations vary across different household configurations, across child age periods and across different risk levels.
Student Resistance Movements in Higher Education: An Analysis of the Depiction of Black Lives Matter Student Protests in News Media.

Popular media shapes societal perceptions and discourse. The growing use of news media in higher education practices (outreach, admissions, and campus communication) have heightened the need for in...
Western Activism and the Veiling of Primitive Accumulation in the East African Ivory Trade

This article explores themes of morality and capitalist exploitation within the context of the East African ivory trade. Through an interdisciplinary lens that incorporates object-based, archival analysis and critical heritage studies, this article traces how morality-tinged, Western-driven narratives concerning the ivory trade mobilize asymmetrical relationships of capitalist exchange in both the past and present. In the late 19th century, the abolitionist movement conflated the East African ivory and slave trades by narrating the forced coercion of Africans made to carry ivory tusks in the interior, only to be sold into slavery upon reaching the coast. This discursively erased histories of active African engagement with mercantile capitalism as well as emerging labor culture among professional porters of the caravan trade. The vilification of “Arab” slave traders through stories of extreme cruelty within the ivory trade was used to justify formal British colonialism in the region, which led to more expansive capitalist integration and extraction. In a circuitous fashion, contemporary Western conservation activists blame African corruption, Islamic extremism, and Asian consumption for rampant elephant and rhino poaching across East Africa, making way for neoliberal appropriation of East African heritage under the guise of moral interventionism. In both cases, moral (and Orientalist) arguments advocating liberation, heritage preservation, and economic development veil processes by which unequal exchange is facilitated and maintained.
Cardiac magnetic resonance-derived right atrial functional analysis in patients with atrial fibrillation and typical atrial flutter.

Typical atrial flutter (AFL) often occurs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Decision-making tools for application of prophylactic cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation at the time of AF ablation may improve outcomes. In this study, we sought to define the right atrial (RA) functional characteristics of AF patients with documented typical AFL. Consecutive patients that underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) prior to initial AF ablation in the Johns Hopkins Hospital were enrolled. The AF database was reviewed to identify prevalent and incident documented typical AFL. Feature tracking CMR analysis during sinus rhythm was utilized to quantify RA longitudinal strain and strain rate, as well as RA passive and active emptying fractions derived from phasic RA volumes. A total of 115 patients were analyzed (mean age 59.1 ± 11.4 years, 78.3% male, 74.8% paroxysmal AF). Of all patients, 30 (26.1%) had typical AFL. Clinical characteristics and AF type did not differ among groups defined by the absence or presence of typical AFL. In contrast, RA longitudinal strain (41.6 ± 16.8% vs. 55.8 ± 17.1%, p ≤ 0.001), systolic strain rate (1.71 ± 0.85 s−1 vs. 2.33 ± 0.93 s−1, p = 0.002), and late diastolic strain rate (1.78 ± 1.02 s−1 vs. 2.50 ± 0.91 s−1 p ≤ 0.001) were significantly lower in patients with typical AFL. Although RA passive emptying fraction was similar among groups (18.9 ± 8.1 vs. 19.5 ± 8.0, p = 0.75), RA active emptying fraction was lower in patients with typical AFL (34.8 ± 12.3 vs. 40.8 ± 12.1, p = 0.02). The reservoir and pump function of the RA is significantly reduced in patients with typical AFL. Prophylactic CTI ablation warrants further study as adjunctive therapy to AF catheter ablation in selected patients with RA dysfunction.
Inteligencia artificial en todo y para todos

Juan Carlos Niebles es un experto en inteligencia artificial, especificamente en vision por computadora. A traves de esta entrevista nos hace reflexionar sobre la importancia que la inteligencia artificial tiene en nuestras vidas en la actualidad, asi como la que puede llegar a tener, en rubros como la banca, cuestiones legales, temas de salud y diagnostico, etcetera. Asimismo, plantea que todo tipo de tecnologia, no solo la inteligencia artificial, presenta ventajas y riesgos; que en este momento este tipo de inteligencia solo es capaz de solucionar cuestiones muy especificas y que todavia esta muy lejos de la inteligencia natural para adaptarse, aprender y realizar procesos cognitivos de manera avanzada y eficiente; pero que, en general, el beneficio potencial de la inteligencia artificial para los humanos es muy elevado.
14 – THE FOREIGN-EXCHANGE MARKET

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the foreign-exchange market. The exchange rate converts values from one currency to another. Exchange-rate differences do not mean that one country is better or stronger than another but only that they measure value on a different scale. Shifts in exchange rates produce winners and losers. Cheaper imports benefit consumers when the dollar appreciates, but import-competing firms are hurt and exports fall. The demand for foreign currency is derived from the demand for foreign goods. Exchange-rate movements affect import prices and so influence the quantity of imports demanded. The demand for foreign exchange rises and falls with the demand for imported goods. The supply of dollars on foreign-exchange markets comes from the U.S. demand for foreign currency. Fixed exchange rates are an alternative exchange system. Fixed rates impose discipline and add certainty to international deals. Flexible rates are favored by some for their automatic adjustments.
Prejudice in the Health Care System: Remediation Strategies

A growing evidence base suggests health care professionals are subject to the same biases as the general public, and these biases can unintentionally influence the quantity and quality of health care. Specifically, it highlights the ways in which physician biases impact decision-making, potentially leading to health care disparities. Many studies have investigated how awareness, through introspection and formal measures of bias, might impact behavior; however, few have offered empirically supported training packages that teach physicians behavioral skills they can use to manage bias. This chapter provides a critical review of the most common recommendations for mitigating bias and suggests that an existing approach, acceptance and commitment training (ACT), can address some of the limitations and inconsistencies prevalent in the literature. We conclude with an outline of the ongoing research at one school of medicine, in hopes of inspiring others to consider similar approaches to the management of bias.
Acoustics of Retroflex Sounds in Hindi and Other Languages

Purpose Retroflex sounds are frequently misarticulated speech sounds in India (Kaur et al., 2017). This may be due to its complex movement that involves the tongue tip to be curled backward and oft...
MAVE-NN: Quantitative Modeling of Genotype-Phenotype Maps as Information Bottlenecks

Multiplex assays of variant effect (MAVEs) are being rapidly adopted in many areas of biology including gene regulation, protein science, and evolution. However, inferring quantitative models of genotype-phenotype maps from MAVE data remains a challenge. Here we introduce MAVE-NN, a neural-network-based Python package that addresses this problem by conceptualizing genotype-phenotype maps as information bottlenecks. We demonstrate the versatility, performance, and speed of MAVE-NN on a diverse range of published MAVE datasets. MAVE-NN is easy to install and is thoroughly documented at https://mavenn.readthedocs.io.
Decision Making in Organizations: Intuition, Information, and Religiosity

Previous research in experimental psychology suggests that religious belief is influenced by one’s general tendency to rely on intuition rather than information. A corollary emerging from this based on balance theory is that managers who are religious might make more intuition-based decisions than their counterparts who are not religious. The latter group might tend to make more information-based decisions. Recent research also indicates that the use of scientific method, a close cousin of information-based decision making, triggers moral behavior. Employing critical incident technique, the present researchers test this potential relationship among business executives at various ranks, various cultural contexts, and holding various religious beliefs. Our analysis indicates that theist managers, both gnostic and agnostic, preferred intuitive decision making. Likewise, both gnostic and agnostic atheist managers preferred information-based decision making. Also, atheist managers articulated better logical explanations as to why their decisions were morally correct.
Relationship between milking fraction and immunoglobulin g concentration in first milking colostrum from holstein cows

The objective of this study was to describe immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in various milking fractions (0% fraction [cisternal], 25% fraction, 50% fraction, 75% fraction, 100% fraction [alveolar], or composite sample) in first milking colostrum from Holstein dairy cows. First milking colostrum was collected from 26 primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows on a commercial dairy farm in western Wisconsin. For each cow, 10-mL colostrum samples were collected representing the following milking fractions: cisternal colostrum (first 10-15 seconds), 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% (alveolar), and a composite sample (entire milking), and tested for IgG concentration (mg/mL). Contrast analysis showed that IgG concentrations were significantly higher in cisternal colostrum samples as compared to IgG concentrations in the 25% fraction, the 50% fraction, the 75% fraction, and the composite sample. Levels of IgG in cisternal samples were not different than levels in the 100% (alveolar) fractions. Apart from the cisternal samples, IgG concentrations were not different among the other milking fractions tested. Producers or researchers wishing to measure colostrum quality should avoid using forestripping samples for testing purposes, as these samples may overpredict the IgG concentration in what will be fed to the calf. The current study found no difference in IgG concentration among the other milking fractions. However, when considering the effect of milking fraction on other milk components that may be of importance to the neonatal calf, including fat, producers should completely milk out the cow at the time of first colostrum harvest.
41250 Machine Learning to Identify Predictors of Iatrogenic Injury Using Empirical Bayes Estimates: A Cohort Study of Pressure Injury Prevention

ABSTRACT IMPACT: A machine learning approach using electronic health records can combine descriptive, population-level factors of pressure injury outcomes. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Pressure injuries cause 60,000 deaths and cost $26 billion annually in the US, but prevention is laborious. We used clinical data to develop a machine learning algorithm for predicting pressure injury risk and prescribe the timing of intervention to help clinicians balance competing priorities. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We obtained 94,745 electronic health records with 7,000 predictors to calibrate a predictive algorithm of pressure injury risk. Machine learning was used to mine features predicting changes in pressure injury risk; random forests outperformed neural networks, boosting and bagging in feature selection. These features were fit to multilevel ordered logistic regression to create an algorithm that generated empirical Bayes estimates informing a decision-rule for follow-up based on individual risk trajectories over time. We used cross-validation to verify predictive validity, and constrained optimization to select a best-fit algorithm that reduced the time required to trigger patient follow-up. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The algorithm significantly improved prediction of pressure injury risk (p<0.001) with an area under the ROC curve of 0.60 compared to the Braden Scale, a traditional clinician instrument of pressure injury risk. At a specificity of 0.50, the model achieved a sensitivity of 0.63 within 2.5 patient-days. Machine learning identified categorical increases in risk when patients were prescribed vasopressors (OR=16.4, p<0.001), beta-blockers (OR=4.8, p<0.001), erythropoietin stimulating agents (OR=3.0, p<0.001), or were ordered a urinalysis screen (OR=9.1, p<0.001), lipid panel (OR=5.7, p<0.001) or pre-albumin panel (OR=2.0, p<0.001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This algorithm could help hospitals conserve resources within a critical period of patient vulnerability for pressure injury not reimbursed by Medicare. Savings generated by this approach could justify investment in machine learning to develop electronic warning systems for many iatrogenic injuries.
Changes in care patterns associated with a transition program in adolescents with congenital heart disease: A single center study

Abstract Background Transition programs educate patients on the importance of continued congenital heart disease specialized care. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the rate of unplanned cardiac hospitalizations after the implementation of a formal transition program in adolescent and young adult congenital heart disease patients. Methods In 2016, a formal transition program began at our institution, whereby all patients ≥ 16 years/old with congenital heart disease seen in the pediatric cardiology clinic met with an adult congenital heart disease nurse to discuss transition-related topics. A chart review was performed to determine the difference in unplanned cardiac hospitalizations in control patients seen in the pediatric cardiology clinic before initiation of the transition program (years 2013–2015) compared with transition patients seen after at least 1 transition visit (years 2016–2018). Results A total of 303 control CHD patients (control group) were compared with 350 transition CHD patients (transition group). The rate of unplanned cardiac hospitalizations was significantly lower for the transition group after a transition visit compared to control patients (0.004 hosp/pt/yr vs. 0.019 hosp/pt/yr, p = 0.008). Being in the transition group was independently associated with a lower rate of unplanned cardiac hospitalizations. Those in the transition group had a higher rate of transfer to an adult congenital cardiologist (47% vs 38%, p = 0.034). Conclusion Being in the transition group resulted in a lower rate of unplanned cardiac hospitalizations and an increased frequency of transfer to an adult congenital cardiology center. This study reinforces the importance of structured transition programs to educate and ensure care continuity in patients transferring to adult congenital heart disease care.
Reappraisal of the role of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials during open distal aortic repair.

Abstract Objective Intraoperative motor and somatosensory evoked potentials have been applied to monitor spinal cord ischemia during repair. However, their predictive values remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials on spinal cord ischemia during open distal aortic repair. Methods Our group began routine use of both somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials at the end of 2004. This study used a historical cohort design, using risk factor and outcome data from our department's prospective registry. Univariate and multivariable statistics for risk-adjusted effects of motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials on neurologic outcome and model discrimination were assessed with receiver operating characteristic curves. Results Both somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials were measured in 822 patients undergoing open distal aortic repair between December 2004 and December 2019. Both motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials were intact for the duration of surgery in 348 patients (42%). Isolated motor evoked potential loss was observed in 283 patients (34%), isolated somatosensory evoked potential loss was observed in 18 patients (3%), and both motor evoked potential and somatosensory evoked potential loss were observed in 173 patients (21%). No spinal cord ischemia occurred in the 18 cases with isolated somatosensory evoked potential loss. When both signals were lost, signal loss happened in the order of motor evoked potentials and then somatosensory evoked potentials. Immediate spinal cord ischemia occurred in none of those without signal loss, 4 of 283 (1%) with isolated motor evoked potential loss, and 15 of 173 (9%) with motor evoked potential plus somatosensory evoked potential loss. Delayed spinal cord ischemia occurred in 12 of 348 patients (3%) with intact evoked potentials, 24 of 283 patients (8%) with isolated motor evoked potentials loss, and 27 of 173 patients (15%) with motor evoked potentials + somatosensory evoked potentials loss (P Conclusions Somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials are both important monitoring measures to predict and prevent spinal cord ischemia during and after open distal aortic repairs. Intraoperative motor evoked potential loss is a risk for immediate and delayed spinal cord ischemia after open distal aortic repair, and somatosensory evoked potential loss further adds predictive value to the motor evoked potential.
Waste glycerol from biodiesel synthesis as a component in deep eutectic solvents

Abstract As biodiesel production increases worldwide, so does the generation of its glycerol waste byproduct. Purifying the waste glycerol is difficult and energy intensive; it would be preferable to find a productive use for waste glycerol requiring little to no refining. Herein, we examine the use of waste glycerol from biodiesel production as a component in deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Specifically, we examine mixtures of waste glycerol and choline chloride (ChCl) as prototype simple and inexpensive DESs. The densities and viscosities of the waste glycerol derived DESs are consistent with those measured in DESs prepared with clean glycerol. DESs from waste glycerol are competent solvents for a classical Fisher esterification reaction and show utility in extracting methanol from crude biodiesel mixtures. These DESs therefore show promise as solvent systems, leading to a decrease in waste from the ever-increasing production of biodiesel and also serving as a value-added product for biodiesel manufacturers.
How Does Choice of Polymorphism Influence Estimation of LD and Mapping

Fine-mapping and positional cloning studies may focus on only a subset of polymorphisms identified within a region. In part this may reflect the trade-off between information and economics. For example, for many of the genetic analytic approaches commonly used in fine-mapping and positional cloning, there is little value in typing polymorphisms that are in near-perfect linkage disequilibrium (LD) with each other. Consequently, investigators may focus initially on only those polymorphisms that have unique patterns in some small subset of individuals used in screening studies. While this strategy is economical and scientifically defensible for many common analytic approaches, it precludes unbiased estimation of the extent of LD in a region. Moreover, consequences for more sophisticated multipoint LD mapping approaches considering extended haplotypes are difficult to predict. We report here on studies of the NIDDM1 region of 2qter and a region on chromosome 15 including CYP19 in which we have made a systematic examination of the effects of this type of polymorphism choice. While our conclusions are clearly limited because we have studied only these two regions, our results suggest that multipoint linkage disequilibrium mapping methods can be sensitive to choice of polymorphism. In contrast, studies on the extent of LD in a region may be less sensitive to this type of polymorphism choice, as long as all common polymorphisms with unique patterns are included in analyses.
A C-V examination of the electrically reversible depassivation/passivation mechanism in polycrystalline silicon

Recently, we reported the first observations of an electrically reversible depassivation/passivation phenomenon in hydrogen passivated polycrystalline silicon and presented a model for it based on hydrogen release and drift. Here we show our latest finding obtained in studying the depassivation/passivation phenomenon for an RF-hydrogenated polycrystalline silicon n-channel TFT using high frequency capacitance-voltage characterization.
Nonlinear Model Updating Methodology with Application to the IMAC XXXIII Round Robin Benchmark Problem

We develop a new nonlinear model updating strategy based on global/local nonlinear system identification of general mechanical systems. The approach relies on analyzing system time series in the frequency-energy domain by constructing Hamiltonian, and forced/damped frequency-energy plots (FEPs). The system parameters are then characterized and updated by matching the backbone branches of the FEPs with the frequency-energy wavelet transforms of experimental and/or computational time series. The main advantage of this method is that no nonlinearity model is assumed a priori, and the system model is updated solely based on simulation and/or experimental results. By matching the frequency-energy plots of the benchmark system and its reduced order model, we show that we are able to retrieve the global dynamics in the frequency and energy ranges of interest, identify bifurcations, characterize local nonlinearities, and accurately reconstruct time series.
Interaction and emission morphology

A simple comparison between broad V-band images and narrow band images tuned to the redshifted wavelength of Hα enables us to make a quick survey of the distribution of emission in galaxies. The appearance of interacting systems can then be contrasted with that of isolated objects. Those systems for which data are presently available seem to split into three classes: (i) nothing happening, despite apparent connections, (ii) emission distributed either smoothly or lumpily throughout, (iii) a central peak of emission in an otherwise smooth profile, for one or more of the galaxies. If this picture is confirmed by further observations, the next stage will be to try to distinguish the dynamical structures and possible gas flow patterns separating the different categories.
Multilayer electret activated by direct contact silicon electrode.

v LIST OF TABLES xii LIST OF FIGURES xiv 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 BACKGROUND 5 2.1 Introduction to Electrets 5 2.2 Applications 8 2.3 Insulator, Dielectric, Paraelectric, and Ferroelectric Properties 9 2.4 Comparisons of a thin film electret to a parallel plate capacitor 13 2.5 Electric Displacement Field 17 2.6 Effective Surface Voltage Electret Measurement 21
Well Spacing and the Identification of Subsurface Drainage Systems

ABSTRACT The majority of subsurface stream systems are contoured as if they have a dendritic or random pattern. Such stream systems are not commonly found on the present-day topographic surface and are just as unlikely to occur in the subsurface. The tendency toward dendritic interpretations of such patterns is strictly a function of the distance between control wells. It is not generally due to the prejudices of geologists or computer contouring programs. Insufficient data control will cause any drainage pattern to have a random appearance. Computer contouring of a digitized topographic map illustrates how an increasing sample interval quickly destroys the true configuration of a fault-controlled river system. Spatial filtering will prolong the definition of the real pattern, but too few samples will cause the filtered maps to suggest an orthogonal rather than a random effect. Assuming that structural patterns tend to persist throughout the sedimentary section, the present-day topographic surface may be the best model to follow in the interpretation of subsurface systems.
Mixed excitatory and inhibitory GABA-mediated transmission in chick cochlear nucleus.

1 Neurons of the chick nucleus magnocellularis (NM) receive depolarizing GABAergic input from the superior olivary nucleus (SON). We examined the response to exogenous GABA or to stimulation of GABAergic fibres in order to identify the ionic basis of GABAergic synaptic transmission and its physiological implications. 2 Reversal potentials of GABA responses (EGABA) were determined exclusively by the Cl− gradient, measured using whole-cell recording. With gramicidin-perforated patch recording, EGABA was -25 ± 5 mV (mean ± S.D.), and was stable between embryonic day 17 and post-hatch day 10. With normal intracellular Cl−, GABA depolarized neurons by 12 mV. 3 In current clamp, repetitive activation of the GABAergic axons reduced the probability of spiking in response to simultaneous stimulation of excitatory axons. However, IPSPs could themselves elicit action potentials, and facilitation of IPSPs by repetitive activation could lead to a characteristic pattern of spiking. 4 These data indicate that IPSPs with reversal potentials positive to spike threshold may have dual functions, depending on the context of their activation.
KATRINA AND ANARCHY: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF A NEW DISASTER MYTH

Hurricane Katrina ranks among the worst natural catastrophes in United States history. In addition to the physical damage to the city and the levees, Katrina will also be remembered for the posthurricane suffering, the lack of coordinated government response, and memorable reporting in the media. The media, here characterized as newspaper coverage, utilized anarchy to frame the reported postdisaster lack of government presence, the perceived threat of, and actual violence and looting in the immediate wake of the catastrophe. Ethnographic content analysis of 59 newspaper articles yielded a typology of the three different connotations of anarchy. Finally, a comparison is offered between the media's use of anarchy in the post-Katrina coverage and the sociopolitical theory of anarchy. The article concludes that although the media mischaracterized the postdisaster reality by using an anarchy frame, their coverage is consistent with the disaster mythology literature, while conflating typical disaster myths with...
Cognitive factors in the development of sex-typed preferences

This study considered how children coordinate their understandings of gender identity and sex stereotypes to produce sex-typed preferences. Sex-typed preferences and gender constancy were assessed at ages 4 through 8 years on a cross section of urban black and white children (N=819). Findings verified that sex-stereotyped preferences are highly developed among young children prior to the period when gender constancy is fully developed. Additionally, by age 5, most children accurately attributed sex-stereotyped preferences to peers of the opposite sex. A distinction was made between a sex stereotype and a same-sex bias as a basis for a sex-typed preference. Gender constancy was shown to strengthen the same-sex bias as a determinant of a sex-typed preference, but this effect was context specific. Under certain conditions sex-stereotyped knowledge constrained the same-sex bias as a determinant of preferential choice.
Callus and Plantlet Regeneration from Cell Cultures of Ladino Clover and Soybean

The auxin to cytokinin ratios are described for promoting growth in the in vitro cultures of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Bragg) and perennial clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Regal Ladinc). Callus growth was induced on somatic tissue with 50:1 auxin to cytokinin (w/w) ratio. A 5:1 ratio served for initiation of cell suspensions from callus and for subsequent growth of callus from cells in suspension. A 1:2 ratio served for regeneration of buds and plantlets from the callus grown from cells. Although (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid was the auxin for suspension and regenerative cultures, (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid was the more effective auxin for initiation of callus on somatic tissue. All cultures were grown with 6-furfurylaminopurine as the cytokinin. The phytohormones strongly influenced the rates of culture growth, but determination of culture type was augmented by dl-alpha tocopherol acetate and iron. Tocopherol and a relatively high complement of iron promoted growth of juvenile cultures, whereas low level of iron and absence of tocopherol favored growth to comparatively more differentiated cultures. Without tocopherol, no callus formed on somatic tissue during the allotted period of incubation. Tocopherol plus a complement of low iron enabled growth of callus on rapidly growing somatic tissue. A high level of iron enabled comparatively more callus growth but suppressed growth of somatic tissue. In suspension cultures tocopherol and a high iron level enhanced dispersion of cells. A low iron complement in the absence of tocopherol induced growth of callus from cells and subsequent regeneration of buds and plantlets from the callus.
Ultrafast pump-probe studies of tert-butyl aroylperbenzoates and triplet energy interception by the O-O bond

Photolysis of tert-butyl aroylperbenzoates (BAPs) 1−4 in benzene and acetonitrile at 335 or 267 nm produces the S1 states (λmax ≈ 590 nm) that rapidly intersystem cross (kISC ≈ 1.3 × 1011 s-1) into the triplet states (λmax ≈ 560 nm, τT = 0.6−0.7 ns in benzene). Results from the 267 nm excitation experiments of 1 in acetonitrile suggest the rate of the S2 → S1 internal conversion (kS2→S1 = 1.6 × 1012 s-1) is similar to that of benzophenone and p-iodobenzophenone. The rate of the S1 → T1 intersystem crossing is not affected by the solvent or the excitation wavelength. However, decay of the triplet states of 1 and p-iodobenzophenone is faster in acetonitrile than in benzene. Intramolecular triplet energy dissipation to a repulsive excited triplet state of the O−O bond of BAPs may be a possible mechanism. The results obtained from semiempirical and ab initio calculations have been presented.
Some extremal problems concerning the square of a (0,1)-matrix

We consider the problem of determining the minimum and maximum of the sum of the elements of the square of a matrix for the following classes of matrices:the (0, l)-matrices of order n with a specified number of l's; the symmetric (0,1)-matrices of order n with zero trace and with a specified number of l's above the main diagonal (adjacency matrices of graphs with a specified number of edges); and the subset of the latter consisting of adjacency matrices of connected graphs.
Developing sketch recognition and interaction techniques for intelligent surfaceless sketching user interfaces

As commercial motion-tracking sensors achieve greater reliability and ubiquity, intelligent sketching user interfaces can expand beyond traditional surface environments for richer surfaceless sketching interactions. However, relevant techniques for automatically recognizing sketches in surfaceless interaction spaces are either largely constrained, due to limited gesture input vocabularies from existing gesture recognition techniques; or unexplored, due to being adapted specifically for surface environments by existing sketch recognition techniques. This dissertation research therefore proposes to investigate techniques for developing intelligent surfaceless sketching user interfaces. The core research work will focus on investigating automated recognition techniques for better understanding the content of surfaceless sketches, and determining optimal interaction techniques for improving related intuitive sketching cues in those surfaceless interaction spaces.