cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Androgens on the Ovarian Morphology of the Hypophysectomized Rat

Experiments were designed to study the short-term effects of androgens on ovarian follicular morphology in immature, hypophysectomized rats. Rats were given 1 mg diethylstilbestrol (DES) daily for 5 days. On the fifth day, they were treated with 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), and flutamide metabolite, alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2-methyl-4'-nitro-m-lactotoluidide (FM) alone and in combination and killed 24 hr later. One group of rats received DES alone. Ovarian serial sections (5 mum) were observed in each treatment for the presence of pyknotic nuclei as an index of atresia. Diameter of the follicles was measured, a percentage of atretic follicles was calculated, and the data were analyzed for all size follicles, follicles 150 mum or less (small), and follicles measuring over 150 mum (large). The results show that DHT and DHT plus T increased follicular atresia when all follicle sizes were considered. None of the treatments significantly changed follicular atresia in small follicles. In large follicles, both DHT and T increased follicular atresia. Furthermore, FM prevented T-induced atresia while by itself FM had no effect on follicular morphology. That the FM decreased the action of T in promoting atresia adds support to the conclusion that T promotes atresia by inhibiting the follicular growth promoting action of DES in the ovary. Also, this study shows that DHT promotes follicular atresia.
Michelangelo: S. Maria del Fiore and St. Peter's

In memory of Rudolf WittkowerThis study has a threefold aim, namely to reconsider aspects of: (1) the genesis of Michelangelo's projects for the elevation and cupola of St. Peter's; (2) the nature and evolution of these projects; and (3) Michelangelo's method in approaching and resolving an architectural problem of this kind. It began, modestly enough, as an appendix to my monograph on the cupola of S. Maria del Fiore (in preparation). A reconstruction of Michelangelo's project for the completion of the tambour and cupola of S. Maria del Fiore suggested that this design was his point of departure when he began to evolve the form of the dome of St. Peter's some thirty years later. This consideration, in turn, required a reevaluation of the date, order, and significance of Michelangelo's surviving drawings for the dome of St. Peter's, a reevaluation going beyond the conclusions that Rudolf Wittkower reached in his important summary of the question in 1933. The cupola drawings could not be adequately reappra...
Synthesis of adenosylcobinamide 2-chlorophenyl phosphate, a zwitterionic cobinamide phosphate analog of adenosylcobalamin en route to crystallizable cobinamides

Abstract The design and implementation of a new, higher yield synthetic method for synthesizing zwitterionic cobinamide phosphates is described. Adenosylcobinamide 2-chlorophenyl phosphate, β-AdoCbi-PAr—a 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-free adenosylcobalamin analog, where a 2-chlorophenyl group replaces the ribofuranose and 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole moieties—is prepared in tens of milligram quantities, quantities sufficient for crystallization and enzyme trials, amounts 100-fold greater than previously available. The use of 31 P NMR spectroscopy to follow reactions directly, the use of control reactions to learn how to reduce reactant water content, and the use of reaction solvents that completely dissolved the corrinoid reactants were crucial for developing this new synthetic route. β-AdoCbi-PAr was synthesized in 10% overall isolated yield from cyanocobinamide. Cyanocobinamide was converted to cyanocobinamide 2-chlorophenyl phosphate by direct phosphorylation with 2-chlorophenyl phosphodi-(1,2,4-triazolide) in 25% isolated yield and ≥98% purity. Sodium borohydride reduction of cyanocobinamide 2-chlorophenyl phosphate and reaction with 5′-chloro-5′-deoxy-adenosine produced β-AdoCbi-PAr in 42% yield and ≥98% purity. These compounds were characterized by HPLC, 1 H and 31 P NMR, UV–visible spectroscopy, and liquid secondary ionization mass spectroscopy.
CRT-35 Rotational Atherectomy Prior To And During The Drug-eluting Stent Era: Procedural Outcomes And Clinical Follow-up Results

In recent years, several modifications in rotational atherectomy technique have been developed. However, no study has evaluated the clinical outcomes of rotational atherectomy prior to- and during the DES era. All patients who underwent rotational atherectomy for complex coronary lesions in our
Advanced features in IBM POWER8 systems

The IBM POWER8™ processor includes many innovative features that enable efficient and flexible computing, along with enhancements in virtualization, security, and serviceability. These features benefit application performance, and big data and analytics computing, as well as the cloud environment. Notable features include the capabilities to dynamically and efficiently change the number of threads active on a processor, enhancing application performance via integer vector operations, encryption accelerations, and reference history arrays. Also notable is improved virtual machine density (supporting multiple simultaneous partitions per core and providing fine-grain power management), allowing continuous monitoring of system performance as well as significantly enhanced system RAS (reliability, availability, and serviceability) and security. Each of these features is technologically complex and advanced. This paper provides an in-depth description of some of these features and their exploitation through systems software and middleware. These features will continue to bring value to the system-of-record workloads in the enterprise. They also make POWER8 systems well-suited for serving the needs of newer workloads such as big data and analytics, while efficiently supporting deployment in cloud environments.
The Role of Impulsiveness in a TAM-Based Online Purchasing Behavior

This article investigates consumer online purchasing behavior using an augmented Technology Acceptance Model. Particularly, we posit that Web use leads to intention to purchase online. Impulsiveness, Web use, and subjective norm are included in the model to test several hypotheses concerning online consumer beliefs, intentions, and the effect of psychological traits. We developed a survey instrument to collect data and used structural equation modeling to validate the research model. All of our hypotheses were confirmed except the one that links subjective norm and online buying behavior. The positive relationship between consumer impulsiveness and online purchasing behavior suggests that online stores should design their Web sites to attract impulse purchases.
Selectivity in the re-establishment of synapses in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion of the cat

Abstract Two experiments were performed to determine whether regenerating preganglionic sympathetic fibers establish synapses randomly with any postganglionic neuron or selectively with specific postganglionic neurons. Experiment I . In normal cats the cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) is composed of nerve fibers deriving from the thoracic sympathetic rami T1 to T7. Of these rami, T1 contributes largely pupillodilator fibers and T4 contributes largely vasoconstrictor fibers (i.e., electrical stimulation of T1 produces pupillary dilation without decrease in ear temperature and stimulation of T4 produces a decrease in ear temperature without pupillary dilation). Following transection and regeneration of the CST, these relationships are re-established, indicating that the sympathetic preganglionics from T1 have established synapses preferentially with pupillary postganglionic cells and that the preganglionics from T4 have established synapses preferentially with vasomotor postganglionic cells. Experiment II . In normal cats pupillary dilation is elicited by electrical stimulation of rami T1 to T3, but not T4 to T7. However, stimulation of T4 to T7 does produce pupillary dilation 1 month after crushing T1 to T3 (i.e., before the crushed fibers have regenerated). This effect results from the formation of terminal collateral connections between the residual nonpupillary (T4 to T7) preganglionic nerve fibers and pupillary postganglionic cells (11). Six months postoperatively, pupillary dilation is elicited by stimulation of T1 to T3, but not T4 to T7. Apparently, after T1 to T3 fibers have regenerated, the nonpupillary collaterals (T4 to T7) become functionally inactive and the regenerated fibers again establish functional connections with the pupillary postganglionic cells. From these two experiments we conclude that there is a strong specific affinity between regenerating sympathetic preganglionic fibers and their appropriate postganglionic nerve cells.
Arterial gas tensions under anaesthesia in tetralogy of Fallot.

SUMMARY Arterial blood gases were studied at several periods during complete surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot in 35 patients. Administration of 100 per cent oxygen during spontaneous respiration increased PaO2 in all patients. Administration of oxygen by positive pressure increased PaO2 over that of spontaneous respiration. In contrast to patients with isolated ventricular septal defect, a marked decrease in PaO2 was observed when the pleural spaces were open, despite full expansion of both lungs and continued positive pressure respiration with oxygen. It was postulated that the loss of normal negative intra-pleural pressure combined with positive pressure ventilation increased pulmonary vascular resistance sufficiently to increase right-to-left shunt. Intravenous phenylephrine altered this response in 2 of 6 patients. Some clinical implications of these observations are discussed.
Production of hybrid poplar under short-term, intensive culture in Western Colorado

Abstract An irrigated study was conducted at the Western Colorado Research Center at Fruita for 6 years to evaluate eight hybrid poplar clones under short-term, intensive culture. The eight clones included in the study were Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii (NM6), P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides (52225, OP367), and P. deltoides x P. nigra (Norway, Noreaster, Raverdaus, 14274, 14272). Data were collected for growth, aerial biomass yield, dry matter partitioning, carbon sequestration, and insect and disease infestation. OP367 and 52225 consistently had larger tree diameters than other hybrids for each of the 6 years. Averaged across clones, yield was 58.4 Mg ha−1. OP367 had the highest yield at 72.2 Mg ha−1 and 14274 had the lowest yield at 41.0 Mg ha−1. The yield of OP367 was 1.8 times greater than that of 14274. Carbon yield over the 6 years of testing was highest for OP367 at 33.4 Mg C ha−1 and lowest for 14274 at 18.8 Mg C ha−1. Of the eight clones tested, OP367 was the most adapted and productive clone in this short-term, intensive culture system in the arid environment of the Grand Valley of western Colorado as evidenced by its productive growth, yield, insect resistance, winterhardiness, and tree architecture. Several insect species infested the poplar clones over the course of the rotation. Best management practices for growers who produce hybrid poplar under short-term, intensive culture should include the following: (1) plant highly productive clones, (2) poplar clones with suitable tree architecture for production and market objectives should be used, (3) if carbon sequestration is an important production objective, plant a suitable clone, (4) some poplar clones develop chlorosis when planted in high pH soils and should be avoided, and (5) use poplar clones that have been shown to exhibit resistance to specific insect species.
Frequency-importance and transfer functions for recorded CID W-22 word lists.

Frequency-importance and transfer functions for the Technisonic Studios’ recordings of the CID W-22 word test are reported. These functions may be used to calculate Articulation Index (Al) values o...
Enzymatic mechanisms and electron transfer mediation in chronoamperometric biosensors

Electron transfer mediation to an anode, whose potential is judiciously controlled, provides the conceptual basis for the development of novel chronoamperometric biosensors. The mediators are appropriately selected redox couples (Ox/Red) which are amenable to recycling in the following type of enzyme E catalyzed reaction sequence $$\begin{gathered} {\text{Substrate + Ox}}{}^{\text{E}} \to {\text{ Product + Red }} \hfill \\ {\text{Red }} \to {\text{ Ox + }}ne^ - {\text{ }} \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$
Analysis of plutonium segregation and central-void formation in mixed-oxide fuels

Abstract A description of plutonium segregation and central-void growth is given in a model that includes both a vapor-transport and a sintering mechanism: The calculated results presented are in good agreement with observed results; this indicates that the essential features of the phenomena have been included in the model. The importance of the sintering mechanism is emphasized, since this mechanism controls the extent of plutonium segregation and dominates the central-void-growth process. Solid-state diffusion is shown to be relatively unimportant in the segregation process, and several insights into fuel-element performance are noted from preliminary calculations.
Sublimation Coefficient of Tin Selenide

Free-surface and equilibrium sublimation pressure measurements indicate that the sublimation coefficient of tin selenide is essentially 1 from 726° to 975°K. Torsion-Langmuir measurements from 726° to 879°K gave the following expression for the free-surface pressure: log P (atm) = (7.021°0.161)-(1.036°0.013)104/T. The third-law heat of sublimation calculated from these results was 51.5±0.3 kcal/mol SnSe. Similar treatment of the equilibrium pressures obtained by the torsion-effusion method from 789° to 975°K gave the following least-squares expression: log P (atm) = (7.473±0.133)-(1.069±0.012) 104/T. The third-law ΔH208 was 52.8±0.5 kcal/mol.
Highly excited symmetry-breaking infrared and THz transitions in methanol-D1

Abstract In this paper, symmetry-breaking transitions have been identified in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Terra Hertz (THz) fast scan spectra of asymmetrically deuterated methanol CH 2 DOH involving three quanta of the lowest lying vibrational state ( ν 1 ). These transitions have an upper state belonging to highly excited torsional state with the torsional quantum number v =11 (e 5 ) (with the axial component of total rotational angular momentum K =5 and 6) in the Internal Axis Method (IAM) formalism developed by Quade and his co-workers [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 146 (1991) 238; J. Mol. Spectrosc. 146 (1991) 252], which was later extended by Mukhopadhyay [Spectrochim. Acta A 53 (1997) 2457; Spectrochim. Acta A 53 (1997) 1947] to include highly excited torsional–rotational states. The originating lower states belong to the o 1 ( v =3) with K =4 and 5. In analogy with pure methanol these transitions terminate to the third excited torsional state, which has very small torsional matrix elements to be observable in normal FTIR spectra. The location of the e 5 states suggests that the calculated energy levels using the parameters of Liu and Quade [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 146 (1991) 252] are reasonable and very helpful to assign such highly excited transitions, considering that their studies include low angular momentum states. In addition the very existence of these transitions proves that the matrix elements calculated by Mukhopadhyay [Spectrochim. Acta A 53 (1997) 1947] are very useful and dependable. Thus they represent a valuable tool for entangling the complex spectrum of this asymmetrically deuterated methanol. In order to provide confirmatory evidence the THz spectra obtained using the Fast Scanning Submillimeter Spectroscopy Technique (FASSST) at the Ohio State University [Rev. Instr. 68 (1997) 1675; Anal. Chem. 70 (1998) 719A] were searched for the ground state transitions that can be calculated precisely from IR combination relations. All the transitions that can be predicted with K =4 and 5 in the o 1 states are indeed identified in the FASSST spectrum. To our knowledge this is the first reported work involving direct transitions to such highly excited torsional state of CH 2 DOH. This work will enable the determination of higher order barrier terms and provide enough understanding of the energy levels for the identification of many unidentified transitions. To our knowledge, this is the first time such high frequency symmetry-breaking transitions have been observed in asymmetrically deuterated methanol.
An Egg-Centric Approach to Teaching Strategic Types: Adapting a Classic Exercise

This article introduces a variation on the egg-drop exercise to generate active understanding of strategic choice by firms. Teams are challenged to design, build, and price devices for protecting an egg from a 20-foot drop. The materials are purchased in a bidding process that builds in asymmetries in resources, costs, and finished designs. Teams price their products to reflect their knowledge of the marketplace and what they believe is required to win the contest if their design successfully passes the drop test. This leads students to develop their own intuitive insights about strategic choice and resource markets.
The Reaction of Household Consumption to Predictable Changes in Social Security Taxes

The key implication of rational expectations and the basic life-cycle/permanent-income hypothesis: that predictable changes in income have no effect on the growth rate of consumption expenditures, is examined. This implication is important for understanding the effectiveness and optimal timing of fiscal policy, the causes and propagation of business cycles, and the effects of income fluctuations on the growth rate of the economy. Using household-level consumption data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, whether expenditures on nondurable goods increase contemporaneously with predictable changes in Social Security tax withholding is tested. It is found that households do change their consumption expenditures in response to the predictable fluctuations in income induced by the Social Security tax system.
Tight-binding model calculation of surface optical response

We derive and evaluate a tight-binding model of surface optical response. Both one- and two-band models of the electronic structure are considered and the interactions between intraband and interband responses are consistently treated in a calculation of d parameters. The theory combines features of both jellium and dipolium models and allows one to extend each towards a common middle ground. Simple continuum model estimates are also developed which crudely describe the discrete-lattice effects. A series of model calculations illustrate various qualitative aspects of the optical response. The possibilities for future refinements and adaptations to describe real materials are briefly discussed.
New synthesis of (±)-cis-trikentrin A via tandem indole aryne cycloaddition/Negishi reaction. Applications to library development

We describe herein an efficient new route to the trikentrins and their related structures using a tandem 6,7-indolyne cycloaddition/Negishi cross-coupling reaction starting from a 4,6,7-tribromoindole (obtained in good yield via the Bartoli indole synthesis). The key step of this second generation route to the trikentrins is based on our observation that the 7-bromo substituent appears to undergo selective metal–halogen exchange and elimination to give the 6,7-indolyne, which is trapped in the presence of excess cyclopentadiene. Subsequent Negishi cross-coupling at the 4-bromoindole position with Et2Zn gave directly the same intermediate obtained from our previous work. Application of this chemistry to the construction of trikentrin-related libraries using this general cycloaddition/cross-coupling tactic will also be described.
John Syng Dorsey --writer of the first American systematic surgical textbook.

(2003). John Syng Dorsey --Writer of the First American Systematic Surgical Textbook. Journal of Investigative Surgery: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 189-191.
The incidence of sex-chromosome anomalies following irradiation of mouse spermatogonia with single or fractionated doses of x-rays.

Abstract Attempts to recover XO offspring resulting from 600 R irradiation of spermatogonia proved negative. X-Rays were administered either in a single dose or in 100+ 500 R fractions separated by 24 h, and controls were strictly comparable in all respects. Altogether 14016 offspring were scored, including a small group derived from irradiated mature spermatozoa. The breeding scheme allowed phenotypic detection of paternal or maternal sex-chromosome loss, paternal nondisjunction, and certain translocations. All phenotypically exceptional mice were examined cytologically and through breeding tests. Similar tests of the mothers of presumed O/X p exceptionals revealed that in 9 of 14 cases there was a pre-existing XO condition, indicating the importance of performing such a test. Two of the 3a X m /O-appearing mice were probably X m /O///X m /X p mosaics, with the integument predominantly XO and the germinal tissue predominantly X/X. The frequency of paternal sex-chromosome loss was 2.4 · 10−3 in the controls and 2.0 · 10−3 in the two irradiated groups, where X m /O's must therefore be assumed to be of spontaneous origin. Since translocation experiments provide evidence that chromosome breaks are induced by irradiation of spermatogonia, the failure to recover XO's is explained in one of two possible ways. (1) Breakage in spermatogonia does not lead to recoverable single-chromosome loss, either because no sister-chromatid joining occurs, or, if it does, because this leads to cell-division failure. (2) Alternatively, sex chromosome loss does occur, but resulting X/O and O/Y cell progeny is inviable in the testis—a suggestion supported by evidence from natural and artificial mosaics. The results of the present experiment lend further support to our earlier suggestion that most spontaneously occurring X m /O mice are the result of events occurring after sperm entry into the egg. The spontaneous frequency of paternal sex-chromosome loss has ranged over two orders of magnitude in various reports. On the other hand, the frequencies of spontaneous X m loss (O/X p daughters of X/X females/total daughters) and of paternal nondisjunction (2 · X m /X p /Y frequency)
Neurotrophin stimulation of human melanoma cell invasion : Selected enhancement of heparanase activity and heparanase degradation of specific heparan sulfate subpopulations

Heparanase is an endo-beta-D-glucuronidase, the enzymatic targets of which are the glycosaminoglycan chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Elevated levels of heparanase are associated with the metastatic potential of melanoma cells. Treatment of murine and human melanoma cells with the prototypic neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) increases the production of heparanase by melanoma cells. We reported previously that physiological concentrations of NGF increased in vitro Matrigel invasion of early-passage human brain-metastatic 70W melanoma cells but not melanoma cells metastatic to other sites or nonmetastatic melanoma cells. Here we found that treatment of 70W melanoma cells with neurotrophin NT-3 increased Matrigel invasion, whereas treatment with neurotrophins other than NGF or NT-3 did not influence invasion. Mutants of NGF that do not bind to the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR or other nonneuronal growth factors were not able to enhance the invasion of 70W melanoma cells. When 70W cells were exposed to antisense oligonucleotides directed against p75NTR mRNA, there was a reduction in NGF and NT-3 binding, and the neurotrophins failed to enhance Matrigel invasion. To study the properties of heparanase in NT-regulated malignant melanoma invasive processes, we developed a sensitive heparanase assay consisting of purified [35S]heparan sulfate subpopulations separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Incubation of 70W cells with NGF or NT-3, but not brain-derived NT factor, NT-4/5, or mutant NGF, resulted in increased release of heparanase activity that was capable of degrading a subpopulation of heparan sulfate molecules.
Evidence of tolerance following repeated exposure to toluene in the rat

Toluene shares pharmacological properties with other abused central nervous system depressants such as ethanol and the barbiturates. Although tolerance has been clearly demonstrated for these classic CNS depressants, evidence of tolerance following repeated toluene exposure is equivocal. The present work examined if tolerance would develop to the effects of repeated toluene exposure on learned behavior and examined the possibility that external discriminative stimuli could influence these effects. Two variants of a fixed-consecutive-number schedule of reinforcement were used as components in a multiple schedule. The components differed in whether or not behavior within them was under the control of external discriminative stimuli. Rats were exposed daily for two hours to toluene (1780 to 4500 ppm). Different patterns of effects emerged from repeated exposure; some rats displayed tolerance while the performance of others deteriorated. Behavior controlled by external discriminative stimuli was more resistant to disruption and showed tolerance more readily than did behavior not under such control.
A parameter optimization framework for determining the pseudo-rigid-body model of cantilever-beams

Abstract This paper focuses on developing a framework for determining the optimal pseudo-rigid-body (PRB) model of 2D cantilever beams. PRB models are commonly used in design and analysis of compliant mechanisms since they significantly reduce the number of degrees of freedom compared with the finite element approach. Although a number of PRB models are available in literature, there is not a unified method to determine the most suitable pseudo-rigid-body model for a specific application. In this work, we first study a modified Timoshenko beam equation which accommodates shear forces and axial deformation. The numerical solution to the Timoshenko beam equation provides a baseline for comparing various models. A novel concept of “PRB matrix” is proposed for representing topologies of all PRB models in a uniform way. The optimal set of kinematic parameters (characteristic lengths and spring constants) of PRB models are determined by minimizing the error of tip deflection and comparing with the solution of the Timoshenko beam equation. To validate this formulation, we compare the results with existing PRB models and obtained equivalent if not a more accurate set of PRB parameters. At last, a case study of a compliant slider mechanism is provided to demonstrate the accuracy of two PRB models in this particular application.
Functional differentiation of adjunctive drinking and wheel running in rats

Food-deprived rats were exposed to a schedule in which a brief stimulus was presented approximately once every 60 sec. The first leverpress to occur in the presence of the stimulus always turned it off, and produced a food pellet 50% of the time. When the rats were given concurrent access to water, a running wheel, or both, drinking predominated during intervals initiated by pellet delivery, while running predominated during intervals initiated without food. When allowed to obtain all of their food pellets at the beginning of a session, rats drank less and ran more than when the intermittent schedule was in effect, and most drinking occurred within the first half of the session, while running was distributed throughout the session. Adjunctive drinking and wheel running appear to be functionally different, drinking being schedule-induced and food-bound, running being neither.
How radiation kills cells: Survival of Deinococcus radiodurans and Shewanella oneidensis under oxidative stress

We have recently shown that Deinococcus radiodurans and other radiation resistant bacteria accumulate exceptionally high intracellular manganese and low iron levels. In comparison, the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis accumulates Fe but not Mn and is extremely sensitive to radiation. We have proposed that for Fe-rich, Mn-poor cells killed at radiation doses which cause very little DNA damage, cell death might be induced by the release of Fe(II) from proteins during irradiation, leading to additional cellular damage by Fe(II)-dependent oxidative stress. In contrast, Mn(II) ions concentrated in D. radiodurans might serve as antioxidants that reinforce enzymic systems which defend against oxidative stress during recovery. We extend our hypothesis here to include consideration of respiration, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, peptide transport and metal reduction, which together with Mn(II) transport represent potential new targets to control recovery from radiation injury.
Deformation of Transformation Toughened Zirconia

Recent experimental work on the yield and flow behavior of both single crystal and polycrystalline transformation toughened zirconia is presented. In addition, related work by other researchers is reviewed. The resulting picture is used to assess the relative plastic deformation contributions of phase transformations, dislocation activity, and grain boundary sliding. Particular emphasis is placed on the effects of stabilizer chemistry, grain size, temperature, strain rate, and state of stress. The results are shown to reflect the strong role of shear stresses in selecting, and controlling the operation of, each deformation mode.
A data acquisition system for coincidence imaging using a conventional dual head gamma camera

A low cost data acquisition system (DAS) was developed to acquire coincidence data from an unmodified General Electric Maxxus dual head scintillation camera. A high impedance pick-off circuit provides position and energy signals to the DAS without interfering with normal camera operation. The signals are pulse-clipped to reduce pileup effects. Coincidence is determined with fast timing signals derived from constant fraction discriminators. A charge-integrating FERA 16 channel ADC feeds position and energy data to two CAMAC FERA memories operated as ping-pong buffers. A Macintosh PowerPC running Labview controls the system and reads the CAMAC memories. A CAMAC 12-channel scaler records singles and coincidence rate data. The system dead-time is approximately 10% at a coincidence rate of 4.0 kHz.
Circumventing Apartheid: Racial Politics and the Issue of South Africa's Olympic Participation at the 1984 Los Angeles Games

Behind the shadows of an Olympiad replete with tales of Cold War acrimony and lavish commercial excess, emerges South Africa's bureaucratic attempt to achieve readmission to the Olympic Movement prior to the 1984 Los Angeles Games. In the backdrop of the Reagan administration's conciliatory policy of ‘constructive engagement’ towards Pretoria, the all-white South African National Olympic Committee aspired to cease its two-decade-long sporting isolation in the southern California metropolis. Drawing upon archival materials from the International Olympic Studies Center and public debates in the leading national and sporting newspapers and periodicals of the time, this paper will detail and analyse how International Olympic Committee president Juan Antonio Samaranch was forced to navigate a tight political tightrope over the South African issue. Any concession towards Pretoria would have likely agitated the African-bloc nations – a powerful constituency on the IOC with a proclivity for boycotting Olympic Gam...
Hypersonic aerodynamic characteristics for Langley Test Technique Demonstrator

Experimental longitudinal and lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics were obtained for a generic transatmospheric vehicle concept referred to as the Langley Test Technique Demonstrator. The baseline configuration, without engine modules, was longitudinally and directionally unstable over the hypersonic Mach number range of the investigation and exhibited untrimmed (L/D)max levels between 2.6 and 2.8. Adding various engine modules to the baseline configuration produced mainly, degradations in lift-to-drag ratio. In general, longitudinal aerodynamic coefficients predicted with an engineering code referred to as Aerodynamic Preliminary Analysis System (APAS) were in qualitative, and often quantitative agreement with measurement.
Effect of sulfur additions on soil and the nutrition of wheat

Abstract A field experiment was conducted for two years to determine the effects of four sulfur (S) sources applied at various rates on the elemental composition of Coker 7473 wheat and on the soil S concentration. The concentration of S in plants increased by all sources of applied S. Increased S in the soil from S application decreased P concentrations in plants regardless of the S source used. Sulfur additions did not significantly affect the concentrations of Cu, Ca, Mg, or N in plants. The concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Fe in plants either increased or decreased depending on S source used. Analysis of the silt loam soil to a depth of 90 cm revealed that applied S moved readily from the surface to the lower depths and that the elemental form of S moved less rapidly than the more soluble forms of applied S.
Immunochemical studies of DNA polymerase δ: Relationships with DNA polymerase α☆

Abstract A panel of murine hybridoma cell lines which produce antibodies against polypeptides present in human placental DNA polymerase δ preparations was developed. Eight of these antibodies were characterized by virtue of their ability to inhibit DNA polymerase δ activity and immunoblot the 170-kDa catalytic polypeptide. Six of these eight antibodies inhibit DNA polymerase δ but not DNA polymerase α, showing that the two proteins are distinct. However, the other two monoclonal antibodies inhibited both DNA polymerase δ and α activities, providing the first evidence that these two proteins have a structural relationship. In addition to antibodies against the catalytic polypeptide we also identified 11 antibodies which recognize 120-, 100-, 88-, 75-, 62-, 36-, and 22-kDa polypeptides in DNA polymerase δ preparations, suggesting that these proteins might be part of a replication complex. The antibody to the 36-kDa polypeptide was shown to be directed against proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin. These antibodies should prove useful for studies aimed at distinguishing between DNA polymerases α and δ and for the investigation of the functional roles of DNA polymerase δ polypeptides.
The heritage of Soviet Oriental studies

The heritage of Soviet Oriental studies, edited by Michael Kemper and Stephan Conermann, Abingdon, Routledge, 2011, xv + 336 pp. (hardcover, US$150). Readers from a diverse array of intellectual va...
Evaluation of high-performance concrete pavement in Newport News, Virginia

Three concrete mixtures were placed in a jointed plain concrete paving project in Newport News, Virginia, to reduce the shrinkage and improve the flexural strength of the concrete. Two mixtures contained ground-granulated blast furnace slag; one contained a 50-mm nominal maximum size (NMS) aggregate, and the other a 25-mm NMS aggregate. The third mixture contained Class F fly ash with a 25-mm NMS aggregate. Increases in maximum aggregate size are expected to provide concretes requiring less paste, less cementitious material, and less water, resulting in reduced shrinkage, and to provide a better interlock when cracks occur. Such improvements are expected to lead to better performance, with a long service life and reduced maintenance. The contractor, producer, FHWA, and Virginia Department of Transportation worked closely to fabricate the test sections. Test results from the laboratory and field indicated that all three mixtures can provide satisfactory strength, low permeability, and dimensional stability...
Dynamic multi‐sector, multi‐instrument financial networks with futures: Modeling and computation

In this paper, we develop a dynamic model of financial behavior in the case of multiple sectors and multiple instruments in the presence of financial futures, which demonstrates the evolution of the underlying networks through time. The dynamic model is formulated as a projected dynamical system whose set of stationary points coincides with the set of solutions to a variational inequality problem. We identify the network structure of the individual sectors' portfolio optimization problems out of equilibrium and then prove that the equilibrium solution can be reformulated as the solution to a network optimization problem, in which the network represents a merger of the individual networks. We subsequently provide a discrete time algorithm for the solution of the continuous time financial model, which exploits the network structure, and provide convergence results. The model and algorithm are then illustrated through numerical examples.
Anion exchange membranes by bromination of benzylmethyl-containing poly(sulfone)s

This report details the properties of anion-conducting membranes synthesized by halomethylation and quaternization of benzylmethyl-containing poly(sulfone)s. The benzylmethyl moieties, which serve ...
Incidence of Critical Events in Professional Practice: A Statewide Survey of Psychotherapy Providers

The goal was to tabulate the incidences of clients' suicide, attack by a client, and sexual contact with clients in an Alaskan sample of masters and doctoral-level psychotherapy providers (excluding psychiatrists) and to assess which, if any, demographic or professional characteristics were associated with each critical event. Results from 151 respondents (response rate 43.5%) indicated that 42.7% of providers had experienced at least one client's suicide, 28% had been physically attacked by a client, 4% reported having had sexual contact with a then current client, and 6% reported sexual contact with a former client. Areas for research are outlined, specifically the importance of using methods other than surveys and exploring variables other than standard demographic data.
Improved convergence in dynamical R-matrix calculations for nuclear reaction cross sections☆

Abstract The R -matrix approach to the dynamical prediction of nuclear continuum phenomena is discussed with the aim of reducing the calculational labor involved when several particle degrees of freedom are active. A division of the basis states into two general types is proposed, together with procedures for evaluating the matrix elements of the residual interaction approximately for states for which direct evaluation becomes prohibitive. Specific channel states, defined non-iteratively, are introduced such that channel convergence is guaranteed with only two states in each open channel. Test calculations with a simple, exactly soluble two-channel model yield encouraging results.
An alternative method for delivering adrenocorticotropin hormone in birds.

In birds, intrajugular injection (i.j.) of exogenous adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) has been used to challenge adrenocortical tissue when investigating various dynamics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Although this method has been shown to deliver ACTH efficiently, i.j. injection can be difficult and potentially damaging to the bird, especially to young birds and small species. Intramuscular (i.m.) injection has been shown to be an alternative method for delivering ACTH to large birds; however, small songbirds have relatively less muscle mass in which to absorb i.m. injections and, in very small birds, even small needles may injure the delicate muscle tissue. Therefore, intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of ACTH was investigated as a means of avoiding the potential problems associated with i.j. and i.m. injections when conducting adrenocortical pathway studies on small birds. Dark-eyed Juncos, Junco hyemalis, were first treated with dexamethasone to suppress the endogenous signal cascade for corticosterone release. Twelve hours later, birds were sampled for baseline corticosterone concentration and then immediately given an i.p. injection of either ACTH or physiological saline. A second blood sample was taken from all birds 30 min later to assess the effectiveness of i.p. ACTH administration on adrenocortical tissue. While saline-treated birds showed no significant increase in endogenous plasma corticosterone in response to the capture and handling protocol, ACTH-treated birds showed a significant increase in plasma corticosterone concentration, illustrating the effectiveness of the i.p. administration of exogenous ACTH. The adrenocortical response of ACTH-treated birds was similar in magnitude and rate of increase to that found in free-living, noninjected Juncos. Intraperitoneal injection of ACTH is thus a valid alternative to i.j. and i.m. injections when challenging adrenocortical tissue in small birds.
Glovebox Integrated Microgravity Isolation Technology (g-LIMIT): A Linearized State-Space Model

Vibration acceleration levels on large space platforms exceed the requirements of many space experiments. The Glovebox Integrated Microgravity Isolation Technology (g-LIMIT) is being built by the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center to attenuate these disturbances to acceptable levels. G-LIMIT uses Lorentz (voice-coil) magnetic actuators to levitate and isolate payloads at the individual experiment/sub-experiment (versus rack) level. Payload acceleration, relative position, and relative orientation measurements are fed to a state-space controller. The controller, in turn, determines the actuator Currents needed for effective experiment isolation. This paper presents the development of an algebraic, state-space model of g-LIMIT, in a form suitable for optimal controller design. The equations are first derived using Newton's Second Law directly, then simplified to a linear form for the purpose of controller design.
A Privacy Agreement Negotiation Model in B2C E-Commerce Transactions

This article presents an alternate approach to effectively address the way privacy agreements are initiated through web services. In this new framework, the consumer and the service provider can mutually negotiate on the privacy terms. It contains a privacy model in which the transaction takes place after a negotiation between the service provider and the web user is completed. In addition, this framework would support various negotiation levels of the agreement lifecycle which is an important aspect of the dynamic environment of a B2C e-commerce scenario. A third party trusted agency and a privacy filter are included to handle privacy information of the web user. The author seeks to raise awareness of the issues surrounding privacy transactions and the potential ongoing impact to both service providers and clients as the use of web services accelerates.
Circulating CD4+CD7- lymphocyte burden and rapidity of response: predictors of outcome in the treatment of Sézary syndrome and erythrodermic mycosis fungoides with extracorporeal photopheresis.

BACKGROUND Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an effective treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Controversy has arisen regarding its ability to improve survival rates in Sezary syndrome (SS). We describe our experience with ECP in the treatment of SS and erythrodermic mycosis fungoides, with particular emphasis on early predictors of long-term outcome. OBSERVATIONS We included 17 patients (15 with SS and 2 with erythrodermic mycosis fungoides) who received ECP as initial treatment. Four of these patients were moribund on presentation (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score, 4) and underwent only 1 to 2 cycles of ECP. The median survival was 56 months for the 11 patients with SS and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score of less than 4. If all 15 patients with SS are considered, median survival was 34 months. Response after 5 months of ECP correlated with long-term survival. A low number (<6.0 x10(3)/ micro L) of circulating CD4(+)CD7(-) lymphocytes correlated with response after 5 months of ECP. CONCLUSIONS Extracorporeal photopheresis is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated treatment for erythrodermic mycosis fungoides and SS. Low numbers of CD4(+)CD7(-) cells in the circulation and a positive response after 5 months of therapy predicted long-term survival. Moribund patients are much less likely to benefit from ECP.
Twisted) toroidal compactification of pp waves

The maximally supersymmetric type IIB pp-wave is compactified on spatial circles, with and without an auxiliary rotational twist. All spatial circles of constant radius are identified. Without the twist, an S$^1$ compactification can preserve 24, 20 or 16 supercharges. $T^2$ compactifications can preserve 20, 18 or 16 supercharges; $T^3$ compactifications can preserve 18 or 16 supercharges and higher compactifications preserve 16 supercharges. The worldsheet theory of this background is discussed. The T-dual and decompactified type IIA and M-theoretic solutions which preserve 24 supercharges are given. Some comments are made regarding the AdS parent and the CFT description.
The Effect of Clomiphene Citrate in Chickens 2. Gonadotropic Activity

Abstract Clomiphene is a synthetic, non-steroidal compound composed of a mixture of the cis and trans isomers. Experiments were conducted to determine the gonadotropic activity of clomiphene, cisclomiphene and transclomiphene in Single Comb White Leghorn chickens. Clomiphene significantly increased comb size in immature pullets and increased testes weight in immature cockerels when injected for 8 weeks. It produced no significant comb stimulating effect in cockerels or ovariectomized pullets. These results indicated the necessity of the ovary for clomiphene to exert its comb stimulating effect in pullets. Clomiphene significantly increased early egg production in pullets when fed for approximately 8 weeks prior to the beginning of production. High dietary levels administered for 1 week produced a severe reduction in egg production and a heavy molt in hens. Clomiphene appeared capable of either stimulating or inhibiting gonadotropic activity in chickens depending on the level administered. It is believed that clomiphene probably acts at the hypothalamic-pituitary level. Neither cisclomiphene nor transclomiphene was as effective as clomiphene in producing gonadotropic effects in chickens under the conditions of these experiments.
Mexican adolescent sexuality: attitudes, knowledge, and sources of information.

This study examined the attitudes, knowledge, and sources of information of8J Mexican adolescents. Findings indicated that 85% of the adolescents had received some sex education in school, but only...
Education and Advertising:: A Content Analysis of Commercially Produced Booklets about Menstruation

Educational booklets published by manufacturers of menstrual hygiene products have been used to teach several generations of girls about menstruation. The ubiquity and importance of the booklets make them potentially important contributors to attitudes toward menstruation. The content of 28 booklets that were produced commercially between 1932 and 1997 was analyzed for this study. The quality of the information presented in the booklets was examined to determine whether the later booklets contained more information that was both accurate and positive than did the earlier booklets. The later booklets were less likely than the earlier booklets to portray menstruation as a hygiene crisis but equally likely to promote secrecy. They also were more likely to depict ethnic diversity in their illustrations and less likely to make assumptions about the composition of girls’families. Adolescents’knowledge could be increased through the presentation of educational materials that are accurate, balanced, and developme...