cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plasma triglycerides: an overlooked biomarker of hepatotoxicity in the rat

The usefulness of plasma triglycerides as a biomarker for hepatotoxicity in the rat was assessed using reference hepatotoxicants. Groups of rats received a single dose of each compound (allyl formate, chlorpromazine, ethionine, galactosamine, thioacetamide, rifampicin and WY-14,643) at two dose levels selected from data in the literature. Body weight and clinical signs were recorded. A blood sample was taken 24 h after dosing for triglyceride determination, as well as a complete list of plasma chemistry parameters. The rats were then subjected to histopathology of the liver. All compounds decreased plasma triglycerides at amplitudes ranging from slight to marked, and induced various histopathological changes in the liver. Although the mechanisms involved are still not completely understood, it is felt that these decreases in triglycerides are metabolic counterparts of an intrinsic toxicity most probably involving an increase in the catabolism of lipids, an impairment of their synthesis, or transportation associated with effects on VLDL particles. Therefore, we conclude that the concentration of circulating triglycerides may be an early and reliable indicator of hepatotoxicity in the rat and we recommend its assessment as a part of the core list of liver parameters in preclinical studies.
The artifact of retinoscopy revisited : Comparison of refractive error measured by retinoscopy and visual evoked potential in the rat

ABSTRACT:Purpose.The validity of retinoscopy in small eyes has not been clearly established due to uncertainty regarding the source of the ocular reflections assessed during this procedure. A widely cited model which proposes that their origin is the inner limiting membrane of the retina was evaluat
First order deformations of pairs of a rational curve and a hypersurface

Let $X_0$ be a smooth hypersurface (not assumed generic) in projective space $\mathrm{P}^n$, $n \geq 3$ over the complex numbers, and $C_0$ a smooth rational curve on $X_0$. We are interested in the deformations of the pair $C_0 , X_0$. In this paper, we prove that if the first order deformations of the pair exist along certain first order deformations of the hypersurface $X_0$, then the twisted normal bundle $N_{C_0/ X_0}(1) = N_{C_0 / X_0} \otimes \mathcal{O}_{\mathcal{P}^n} (1) \vert {}_{C_0}$ is generated by global sections.
Aggressive behaviour of male Microtus breweri and its demographic implications

Abstract Patterns of laboratory-determined aggressive behaviour and exploratory activity were examined in wild-caught male beach voles (Microtus breweri), an island-endemic species. This species is ecologically interesting because it has been found not to exhibit the super-annual population cycles typical of other rodents in the subfamily Microtinae. We found that body weight and reproductive condition were good predictors of aggressive behaviour, with heavier and reproductively active voles showing higher incidences of several stereotyped aggressive acts. Aggression also increased as the percentage of males and females who were reproductively active in the control population increased. Aggression was negatively correlated with population density, and more or less independent of dispersal rate. Dispersers and residents exhibited similar aggressive behaviour patterns. These observations are consistent with models which have proposed that population cycles in other vole species are controlled through the social interactions of individuals.
Stopping power and radial dose distribution for 42 MeV bromine ions

Linear energy transfer restricted in radius (LETr) and total linear energy transfer (LETinfinity ) were determined for 42 MeV bromine ions in tissue-equivalent gas. A variable pressure cylindrical ionisation chamber was used. Dose as a function of distance from the ion's path was also determined using a mesh wall ionisation chamber placed inside the cylindrical chamber. The range of distances studied was from 5 to 710 AA in simulated tissue of unit density. Experimentally obtained values of radial dose were compared with calculations made using Paretzke's program. Stopping power for these ions in tissue-equivalent gas was extrapolated from proton stopping power in constituent gases. In this calculation the effective charge of the ions was obtained from the formula given by I.S. Dimitriev and U.S. Nikolaev (1968). This calculated value was 6.3*104 MeV g-1 cm2. The experimentally determined value was 7.3*104 MeV g-1 cm2. The discrepancy between calculated and experimental values may be due to uncertainty in the determination of the effective charge of the incident ions. Uncertainty on the experimental value of LETinfinity was estimated to be +or-5% (one standard deviation).
Radiosurgery for unruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients

Unruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in pediatric patients (age <18 years) were excluded from A Randomized Trial of Unruptured AVMs (ARUBA). Therefore, the efficacy of radiosurgery for unruptured pediatric AVMs is poorly understood. The goal of this study is to determine the outcomes and define the predictors of obliteration following radiosurgery for unruptured AVMs in pediatric patients. We evaluated a prospective database, from 1989 to 2013, of AVM patients treated with radiosurgery at our institution. Patients with age less than 18 years at the time of radiosurgery, unruptured nidi, and at least 2 years of radiologic follow-up or AVM obliteration were selected for analysis. Statistical analyses were performed to determine actuarial obliteration rates and identify factors associated with obliteration. In the 51 unruptured pediatric AVM patients included for analysis, the median age was 13 years, and the most common presentation was seizure in 53 %. The median nidus volume and radiosurgical margin dose were 3.2 cm3 and 21.5 Gy, respectively. The median radiologic follow-up was 45 months. The actuarial AVM obliteration rates at 3, 5, and 10 years were 29 %, 54 %, and 72 %, respectively. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, higher margin dose (P = 0.002), fewer draining veins (P = 0.038), and lower Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale (P = 0.003) were independent predictors of obliteration. Obliteration rates were significantly higher with a margin dose of at least 22 Gy (P = 0.003) and for nidi with 2 or fewer draining veins (P = 0.001). The incidences of radiologically evident, symptomatic, and permanent radiation-induced changes were 55 %, 16 %, and 2 %, respectively. The annual post-radiosurgery hemorrhage rate was 1.3 %, and the incidence of post-radiosurgery cyst formation was 2 %. Radiosurgery affords a favorable risk to benefit profile for unruptured pediatric AVMs. Pediatric patients with unruptured AVMs merit further study to define an optimal management approach.
Comparative analysis of early and late angiographic outcomes using two quantitative algorithms in the Balloon versus Optimal Atherectomy Trial (BOAT).

Abstract Although substantial intersystem variability has been shown among several commercially available quantitative angiographic (QA) analysis algorithms, no previous study has compared the angiographic findings using 2 different QA systems performed at the same central angiographic laboratory. The purpose of this study was to compare the early and late QA results obtained with the CMS (MEDIS) and ARTREK (ImageComm) QA systems in the Balloon versus Optimal Atherectomy Trial. Directional atherectomy (n = 496) or balloon angioplasty (n = 490) was performed in 986 patients; late QA follow-up was available in 767 patients (77.7%). QA analysis was performed by 2 independent observers using the CMS and ARTREK systems. Correlation between the 2 QA systems for baseline measurements was good (Pearson’s R = 0.78), although the CMS system resulted in larger baseline reference diameter (RD) (3.22 ± 0.45 vs 3.07 ± 0.40 mm; p 50% follow-up diameter stenosis) between the 2 treatment groups (CMS, directional atherectomy [31.8%]; balloon angioplasty [40.5%]; p = 0.013 and ARTREK, directional atherectomy [33.9%], balloon angioplasty [41.3%]; p = 0.036). Only lesion irregularity contributed to the difference in baseline measurements of MLD and percent diameter stenosis. We conclude that important differences in measurements of RD, baseline MLD, and percent diameter stenosis were noted using the CMS and ARTREK systems. Both systems, however, were able to detect a treatment benefit associated with directional atherectomy in BOAT. The comparability of other angiographic systems will require similar evaluation in other studies.
Recurrent Orbital and Metastatic Melanoma in a Patient Undergoing Previous Glaucoma Surgery

A 61-year-old woman had unilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma and subsequently underwent a Scheie filtering operation. After a two-week interval, a large choroidal and ciliary body melanoma in the glaucomatous eye was found. No evidence of metastatic disease was found and the eye was enucleated. Histopathologic sections did not show extrascleral extension. Two and one-half years later the patient developed local orbital recurrence of the melanoma and fatal metastatic disease. We hypothesized a possible causal relationship between the filtering surgery and the local and systemic recurrence of the tumor.
The surface energy of fluorapatite

Abstract Measurements are reported of the room temperature surface energy for natural crystals of fluorapatite. These were made in air using the slow cleavage method. Values of 95±25 and 480±30 erg cm 2 were obtained for the basal and prismatic planes respectively.
Searching for Love in all the “Write” Places: Exploring Internet Personals Use by Sexual Orientation, Gender, and Age

ABSTRACT Few researchers of Internet sexual exploration have systematically compared variance of use across sexual orientations, with even fewer surveying bisexual respondents. In 2004, 15,246 individuals responded to an online survey of their use of Internet personals and adult websites. Gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals (GLBs) were more likely than heterosexuals to have exchanged correspondence, met others offline, and had sex with someone they met through personal ads. Whereas gay men and lesbians of all ages were most likely to have established a long-term relationship as a result of personals, heterosexuals over age 40 were more likely to have established a long-term relationship than younger heterosexuals. Further, compared to men, women were approximately two times as likely to have established a serious relationship as a result of personals. Qualitative findings suggest that the Internet functions not only as a means of screening for desired characteristics, but also as a shield against prejudice i...
Evolution tunes the excitability of individual neurons

Abstract The relationship between the genome and the evolution of the nervous system may differ between an animal like C. elegans with 302 neurons, and mammals with tens of billions of neurons. Here we report that a class of nonconserved potassium channels highly expanded in C. elegans may play a special role in the evolution of its nervous system. The C. elegans genome contains an extended gene family of potassium channels whose members fall into two evolutionary divergent classes. One class constitutes an ancient conserved “set” of K + channels with orthologues in both humans and Drosophila 1. , 24. and a second larger class made up of rapidly evolving genes unique to C. elegans . 24 Chief among this second class are novel potassium channels having four transmembrane domains per subunit 6. , 8. , 14. , 20. that function as regulated leak conductances to modulate cell electrical excitability. This inventory of novel potassium channels is far larger in C. elegans than in humans or Drosophila . We found that, unlike conserved channel genes, the majority of these genes are expressed in very few cells. We also identified DNA enhancer elements associated with these genes that direct gene expression to individual neurons. We conclude that C. elegans may maintain an exceptionally large inventory of these channels (as well as ligand-gated channels 1 ) as an adaptive mechanism to “fine tune” individual neurons, making the most of its limited circuitry.
Chemical and Radiochemical Composition of the Rongelapese Diet

The gross chemical composition of the Rongelapese diet indicates that it is low in fat, protein, and ash but fairly high in carbohydrate. The variation in gross chemical composition of the diets examined may be accounted for hy the broad variability of the different diets. The habitat of the Rongelapese probably does not demand a high-energy diet, which may partially justify the lower fat intake. Levels of calcium and phosphorus seem below the minimum required for maintenance of a proper calciura-phosphorus balance. The diet seems adequate in magnesium and potassium but slightly low in sodium. The nickel, cobalt, and copper contents seem high in the Rongelap rations, manganese content is low, and iron and zinc compare favorably with minimum daily requirements. High levels of Co/sup 60/ and Zn/sup 65/ are associated with each other and with rations containing local fish. The higher levels of Sr/sup 90/ and Cs/sup 137/ are found where local fruit was consumed. Coconut contributes little Sn/sup 90/, and pandanus the most. Rations with higher Zn/sup 65/ also contain higher levels of stable zinc, indicating that local sea foods may be the main source of zinc in the diet. Cs/sup 137/, Sr/sup 90, and Co/sup 60/ showmore » no definite correlation with stable potassium, calcium, and cobalt, respectively. There is probably a net addition of minerals to Rongelap soils from imported foods. (Public Health Eng. Abstr., vol. 43: Sept. 1963)« less
Sorbent Regeneration of Peritoneal Dialysate: an Approach to Ambulatory Dialysis

Sorbent regeneration of peritoneal dialysate has been shown to be feasible in experimental and preliminary clinical studies and provides a realistic basis for the optimization of dialysis therapy and the potential development of an ambulatory dialysis system. Peritoneal dialysis efficiency can be significantly enhanced by continuous dialysate flow techniques and the mass transfer of uremic solutes can be theoretically augmented by the increased dialysis time made possible by a wearable design. Further optimization of end stage renal failure therapy may be achieved by the combined use of various methods for blood purification.
Gender segregation and cultural constructions of sexuality in two Hispanic societies

Caceres villagers in Spain and Sierra Nahuat villagers in Mexico separate men from women according to each culture's particular construction of sexuality. This article explains the differing degrees of gender segregation in the two groups by examining sexual beliefs expressed in popular folktales. Comparison of the Caceres and Sierra Nahuat cases suggests that sexual beliefs justifying gender segregation have their antecedents in early childhood and develop according to the organizational requirements of the system of production. [gender segregation, sexual beliefs, family organization, Spain, Nahua of Mexico]
Magnetic susceptibility of a diamagnetic electron gas: the role of small effective electron mass

An exact formula for the "steady" bulk susceptibility of a degenerate electron gas is derived. The deviations from the Landau-Peierls formula are studied for several situations in which the effective electron mass is small. It is concluded that, in any case for which the Landau-Peierls susceptibility differs from the Landau susceptibility, the total susceptibility differs from the Landau-Peierls susceptibility by an amount of the same order of magnitude.The magnetic susceptibility of solid Bi is discussed on a model developed by H. Jones. It is found that for several reasons, Jones' model requires major modification. A particular modification is suggested as a possible basis for a theory of the Bi susceptibility.Some implications of our conclusions are discussed in connection with Bardeen's theory of superconductivity and the theory of the de Haas-van Alphen effect.
Igf-I and postnatal growth of weaver mutant mice.

IGF-I is an anabolic growth factor essential for growth and development, both as a mediator of growth hormone (GH) action and as a local stimulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. Although the importance of IGF-I in postnatal growth has been studied for several decades, its functions in pathological states are not fully understood. The weaver (wv) mutant mouse is a commonly used model for studying hereditary cerebellar ataxia and provides us with an opportunity to study the function of IGF-I in postnatal growth during neurodegeneration. In prepubertal wv mice, we found a parallel decrease in body weight and serum IGF-I. This parallel relationship was maintained in females, but not in males, as wv mice entered puberty. Interestingly, we found an increase in the levels of circulating IGF-I and hepatic mRNA preceded the catch-up of body weight of pubertal male wv mice. The increase in IGF-I levels coincided with a surge of circulating androgen at the onset of male puberty, suggesting that androgen might trigger the increase in IGF-I production in the pubertal and adult male wv mice. Overall, our results support the concept that IGF-I plays an important role in postnatal growth during and after neurodegeneration of wv mice. In addition, IGF-I’s regulation of systemic growth during and after puberty is likely modulated by androgen in male wv mice.
Redefining Sodom: A Latter-Day Vision of Tijuana

This paper examines the works of Roberto Castillo and Luis Humberto Crosthwaite as literary articulations of a new vision of Tijuana. It begins by discussing historical images of the city common in the United States and Mexico, and then explains the recent cultural renaissance of Tijuana. Finally, it looks in detail at the fiction and poetry of Castillo and Crosthwaite, analyzing their use of literature to simultaneously protest against stereotypes of the border and celebrate the diverse possibilities of this energetic space.
He, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic constraints on the origin of the Marquesas and other linear volcanic chains

Abstract The classic hotspot hypothesis [Morgan, W. J., 1971. Convection plumes in the lower mantle. Nature 230, 42–43], which posits that linear volcanic chains are traces of fixed plumes in the mantle on moving lithospheric plates, was instrumental in elevating the plate tectonics paradigm in the 1960s into a modern Earth Science theory. The hypothesis itself, however, remains conjectural because many of its predictions, particularly the simple age-progressive type of volcanism, are not observed in many linear volcanic chains. As an alternative explanation, it is proposed that linear volcanic chains are formed through magmatism along pre-existing lines of weakness such as transform zones and old sutures, or along cracks created by stresses on lithospheric plates. The Marquesas linear volcanic chain in south-central Pacific has geologic features that are consistent with some of the predictions of both hypotheses. To better constrain the origin of this volcanic chain, we collected major and trace element and Sr, Nd, Pb, and He isotopic data from several Marquesan lavas. Our new analyses combined with literature data classify the samples into the well established tholeiitic to mildly alkalic, low 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, high 143 Nd/ 144 Nd, shield-building volcanic phase lava group and highly alkalic, high 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, low 143 Nd/ 144 Nd, post-shield phase group. Lead isotopes show generally higher 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios and suggest evidence of crustal assimilation for the shield-building phase lavas, consistent with the argument that the shield-building phase volcanism has a lithospheric source component. On the other hand, post-shield phase lavas that are predicted to represent the true composition of the mantle source by the hotspot hypothesis have higher 3 He/ 4 He ratios and these are coupled to other geochemical tracers. Thus our results show that the Marquesas volcanic chain, similar to many other linear volcanic chains, has a high 3 He/ 4 He component in its mantle source. The presence of such a distinct source component cannot be easily explained by dispersed upper mantle heterogeneities, but provides a powerful constraint for the hotspot origin of many linear volcanic chains.
Noncompliance With Public Health Service (PHS) Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: An Exploratory Analysis

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a major biomedical research-funding body in the United States. Approximately 40% of NIH-funded research involves experimentation on nonhuman animals (Monastersky, 2008). Institutions that conduct animal research with NIH funds must adhere to the Public Health Service (PHS) care and use standards of the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW, 2002a). Institutions deviating significantly from the PHS's animal care and use standards must report these incidents to the NIH's OLAW. This study is an exploratory analysis of all the significant deviations reported by animal-research facilities to OLAW during a 3-month period. The study identifies the most common issues reported and species involved. The study found that the majority of the incidents resulted in animal pain and distress and that 75% ended in animal death. This study offers preliminary recommendations to address the most common problems identified in this analysis. This study urges OLAW and other stakeholders to analyze larger, more recent samples of reported deviations to compare with these results and ultimately improve adherence to animal welfare standards.
Selectfluor-Mediated Dialkoxylation of Tungsten η2-Pyridinium Complexes

η2-coordinated pyridinium complexes of {TpW(NO)(PMe3)} undergo a stereoselective dialkoxylation reaction when treated with Selectfluor in an alcohol. The alkoxy groups add to the 5- and 6-positions in a syn fashion (proven by X-ray diffraction). When the N-acetylpyridinium complex is dialkoxylated, the resulting acyldihydropyridinium system readily undergoes nucleophilic addition with cyanide ion to stereoselectively generate a third stereocenter at C2 of the pyridine ring. Treatment with CAN decomplexes the tetrahydropyridine.
Prevalence of right ventricular perfusion defects after inferior myocardial infarction assessed by low-level exercise with technetium 99m sestamibi tomographic myocardial imaging.

Abstract To assess the prevalence of right ventricular perfusion defects after a recent inferior wall myocardial infarction, 33 patients were studied 6 to 14 days after infarction with low-level exercise testing and technetium 99m ( 99m Tc) sestamibi (SPECT) imaging. Twenty-two control subjects with a 99m Tc sestamibi imaging were also studied. For each image the right ventricle was computer isolated from reconstructed transverse cardiac slices, followed by reorientation into oblique slices. Both right and left ventricular images were visually assessed for defects. A quantitative method of defect detection was also applied to the right ventricle. For the right ventricle, 100% of the stress images and 96% of the rest images were adequate for interpretation. Right ventricular stress perfusion defects were identified in 10 (30%) of 33 patients with recent inferior infarction, with 50% completely or partially normalizing on rest images, consistent with ischemia. Of 14 patients with left ventricular inferoseptal defects, eitht (57%) had right ventricular defects compared with 2 (11%) of 19 without inferoseptal defects ( p 99m Tc sestamibi SPECT imaging. Defects of the right ventricle after inferior myocardial infarction occur frequently, and many have evidence of ischemia. Right ventricular perfusion defects are closely associated with left ventricular inferoseptal defects.
Organization and visualization for initial analysis of forced-choice ipsative data

Forced-choice ipsative data are common in personality, philosophy and other preference-based studies. However, this type of data inherently contains dependencies that are challenging for usual statistical analysis. In order to utilize the structure of the data as a guide for analysis rather than as a challenge to manage, a visualisation tool was developed to emphasize the established framework and enhance analysis tools. This visualisation has many strength, including the display of significant amounts of data at once in three dimensions with little loss of detail, incorporating the theoretical framework for the data into the structure of the visualisation and organizing the data for use with common statistical tests and analysis tools.
RESONANCE OVERLAP AND THE ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF EXOTIC EXCHANGE PROCESSES.

When the observed total widths of baryon resonances are inserted into leading terms of the Veneziano model via the "$\mathrm{Im}\ensuremath{\alpha}$" prescription, quantitative agreement with the rapid $s$ variation of exotic-exchange forward differential cross sections is obtained, supporting a resonance overlap interpretation of the effect.
Improvement of generator output and stability margin by use of a dedicated static VAR compensator

Abstract The concept and impact of using a dedicated, current-based static VAR compensator (SVC) located at a generator bus to produce any required reactive power is examined. When relieved of the burden of reactive power production, the generator can then operate with an increased average power production capability. Counter argument to this proposed simple concept of unity power factor (PF) operation of a generator is the concern over potentially reduced stability margin that the generator faces when exposed to a disturbance. The major contribution of this paper is the introduction of a novel control scheme for the SVC that configures the device to function as an energy source and sink during a transient stability contingency. The control objective is to maintain the generator energy conversion constant so that rotor mechanical oscillation is practically eliminated. Simulation results validate the proposed control method.
Rôle of photoperiod and temperature in the induction of pupal diapause in the bollworm, Heliothis zea.

Abstract Investigations were conducted on the bollworm to determine the photoperiodic sensitivity of the adults, eggs, and larvae in relation to diapause induction. In addition, the influence of constant and decreasing temperatures and day-lengths was determined. Adult moths, eggs, and larvae were found to be sensitive to photoperiod. A great incidence of diapause occurred when both adults and eggs experienced day-lengths of more than 11 hr and the larvae day-lengths of less than 13 hr. Temperature was found to interact with photoperiod in the induction of diapause. Periodic decreases in day-length and temperature resulted in a higher rate of diapause induction than was obtained when either stimulus was maintained at a constant level.
The effect of tocopheryl esters on influenza virus.

SummaryAlpha-tocopheryl esters are capable of inhibiting the enzymatic activity of influenza virus in vitro and of protecting chick embryos against infection by small doses of virus. A mixture of delta and gamma tocopheryl esters was not effective.
Studies on turbulent diffusion processes and evaluation of diffusivity values from hydrodynamic observations in Corpus Christi Bay

Abstract The physical process of dispersion which can be attributed to turbulence (turbulent diffusion) or shear (shear-augmented diffusion) within the flow field is very important as it ultimately governs the distribution of constituents of interest within the environment. A series of diffusion experiments were conducted in Corpus Christi Bay, TX with the purpose of characterizing turbulent diffusion through dispersion coefficients or turbulent diffusivity, Ki (i=x, y, z) dependent on the degree of randomness or turbulence intensity, I. Measured with a boat-mounted acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP), the Eulerian velocity time-series of fluid particles in random motion, ui was used in the evaluation of the Eulerian time-scale of turbulence, TE based on the velocity correlation function, RE with TE being related to the Lagrangian time-scale TL through a scaling parameter, β(=TL/TE). Surface currents were obtained with high frequency (HF) Radar equipment deployed over the study area from which the horizontal velocity gradients were determined. Within the spatial scale of the experiment (∼1000 m), the observed low horizontal gradients (∼10−4 s−1) allowed for the generation of velocity time-series from an ADCP mounted on a moving platform. A numerical scheme for evaluating turbulent diffusivity values ( K i = β u ′ i 2 ¯ T E ) was developed on the basis of Eulerian current measurements and calibrated through the statistics of an evolving dye patch for the scaling parameter β which in this scheme was found to be in the range 1–3.
Quantitation of three subpopulations of human serum very low density lipoproteins.

Abstract Three subpopulations of human serum very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were isolated employing affinity chromatography. The subpopulations are differentiated by their nonreactivity with certain antisera. It was found that VLDL unreactive with anti-R-ala antiserum comprises 43–50% of the total VLDL, VLDL unreactive with anti-LDL comprises 5–10% of the total VLDL, and VLDL unreactive with antiapoVLDL comprises 15–20%. Triglyceride content of the total VLDL is 50% while that of the subpopulation unreactive with anti-R-ala is 38%. Cholesterol ester content of the subpopulation of VLDL unreactive with anti-LDL is 5% while that of whole VLDL is 12%. A method for ready quantitation of these subpopulations using immunoadsorption followed by preparative ultracentrifugation is described.
Treatment of atherosclerotic ostial renal artery stenosis with the intravascular stent

Abstract Traditional approaches to revascularization for atherosclerotic ostial renal artery stenosis (RAS) have been suboptimal because of the invasiveness and relatively high perioperative morbidity and mortality of surgery and the low rates of success and long-term patency with percutaneous renal angioplasty (PTRA). We report our 5-year (1991 to 1996) experience with the intravascular stent (Palmaz stent; Johnson & Johnson, Miami Lakes, FL) for the treatment of ostial RAS in 129 patients (63 men, 66 women) and 148 arteries. The mean age of the patients was 71+/-10 years; 98% were hypertensive and 57% had renal dysfunction. Angiographic characteristics of RAS were unilateral in 78%, bilateral in 15%, and single kidney in 7%. The technical success rates were 98% for stent versus 11% for PTRA in the ostial location. The stent restenosis rate (angiographic) was 14% at 8+/-5 months. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were as follows: baseline, 158+/- 3 and 84+/-2 mm Hg; 6 months, 149+/-3 and 81+/-2 mm Hg; 12 months, 149+/-3 and 79+/-2 mm Hg; and 24 months, 135+/-3 and 79+/-2 mm Hg. Follow-up values were significantly lower than baseline (P
Serial 40G submarine deployments

A discussion of the trial of OC768c/STM256 (40Gbps), transmission over a 7360km segment of the TAT-14 Trans-Atlantic submarine cable system, using DPSK-RZ encoding in a single wavelength, with polarization mode dispersion and chromatic dispersion compensation.
Evidence of Transformation Bursts During Thermal Cycling of a Pu-Ga Alloy

The thermodynamics and kinetics of the fcc (delta) to monoclinic (alpha-prime) phase transformation and its reversion in a plutonium-gallium alloy have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry, resistometry, and dilatometry. Under ambient conditions, the delta phase is metastable in a Pu-2.0 at. pct Ga alloy. Thermal cycling to below the ambient temperature results in a partial transformation to the alpha-prime phase; this transformation is composition-invariant and exhibits martensitic behavior. Because this transformation results in an unusually large 25 vol pct contraction that cannot be fully accommodated by purely elastic adjustments, the transformation mode is expected to involve burst formation of individual alpha-prime particles. However, upon cooling, these individual bursts were not resolved by the above techniques, although signals corresponding to the overall accumulation of many alpha-prime particles were observed. On the other hand, upon heating, signals from differential scanning calorimetry, resistometry, and dilatometry showed a series of discrete changes occurring in periodic increments beginning at approximately 32 °C. These features correspond to the cooperative reversion of many alpha-prime particles to the delta phase; they appear to be the result of an interplay between the autocatalytically driven reversion of a cascade of individual martensite units and self-quenching caused by small changes of temperature or stress accompanying each individual transformation burst. The heat of the delta/alpha-prime transformation is estimated to be about +4 kJ/mol.
Immigrant-Native Disparities in Perceived and Actual Met/Unmet Need for Medical Care

This study compares the unmet medical needs of foreign-born and U.S.-born adults. Both subjective and objective unmet medical needs are considered, and the roles of duration of U.S. residence, English language proficiency, and state-level destination type in explaining immigrants’ unmet need are assessed. Multivariate analyses of the 2007–2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey reveal that immigrants reported less subjective unmet need and equal or greater objective unmet need vis-a-vis natives. Among immigrants only, living less than 5 years in the U.S. and in a new or traditional, high-skill destination state versus a traditional, low-skill state is significantly associated with greater objective, but not subjective, unmet need. While this study reinforces the importance of stable health insurance and, to a lesser extent, income for gaining entry to the formal healthcare system for both immigrants and natives, it also highlights the need to identify factors that influence immigrants’ positive health-related perceptions, including characteristics of the healthcare system in origin countries.
Solving the Scattering Inverse Problem in the Wavevector Space

A wavevector space approach is proposed to solve the scattering inverse problem. Then, we solve white-light diffraction tomography and apply it for 3D cell reconstruction. At the end, we study diffraction tomography under low numerical-aperture.
Iron metabolism in chicks fed various levels of zinc and copper

Abstract Four studies were conducted to determine the effect of high levels of zinc and copper on iron use of the chick. Chicks from the cross of New Hampshire x Single Comb White Leghorn were fed semi-purified diets with adequate (0.58–0.76 μmol Zn/g diet) and high (26.0–31.4 μmol Zn/g diet) levels of zinc and adequate (0.13–0.17 μmol Cu/g diet) and high (3.18–3.50 μmol Cu/g diet) levels of copper for 21 days. Fe-59 was fed in studies A–C and injected intraperitoneally in study D. Chicks fed high levels of zinc consistently showed decreased packed cell volumes and depressed concentrations of iron in livers and tibius. The anemia was not attributable to reduced feed and iron intakes. Chicks fed high rather than adequate amounts of zinc excreted 78% rather than 54% of an oral dose of Fe-59. The appearance of Fe-59 in plasma 1 hour after feeding the isotope decreased in chicks fed high rather than adequate levels of zinc. Ingestion of additional copper did not reverse the effects of ingesting high amounts of zinc on iron absorption. Ingestion of the high levels of zinc had minor effects on endogenous iron excretion. The ingestion of additional copper partially counteracted this effect.
Finite element analysis of bonded insulated rail joints

Insulated rail joints are installed at regular intervals to create signal blocks for detecting train positions and sometimes breaks in rails. Their lifetime may be significantly shorter than that of the rail. Failure may occur in the adhesive between the rail and the joint bars on the sides of the rail. A standard butt joint is considered, with the center of the joint supported by a tie. The finite element program ABAQUS is used. A static wheel load is applied, and the rail is also subjected to a tensile load. The vertical displacement of the rail and the shear and peel stresses in the epoxy are determined. The effects of the location of the wheel, size of the ties, and length and thickness of the joint bars are investigated.
Single-particle spectroscopy and manipulation in optofluidic devices

We review the state of the art of planar optofluidic devices using liquid-core waveguides for ultrasensitive particle detection and manipulation.
An intra- and inter-industry analysis of e-business effectiveness

Electronic business (EB) on the Internet has been promoted as a revolutionary technology that will transform the way we do business. This paper presents an intra- and inter-industry financial performance (FP) analysis of three industries: retail (R), consumer products (CP), and food beverages and tobacco (FBT). Financial statements of 165 companies selected from these three industries extending over a period of 10 years were reviewed to determine whether the EB activities have any significant impact on their FP, and whether this impact varied across industries. This comparative examination indicated that the EB companies did better than their non-EB counterparts in the post-EB period and the FBT industrial sector performed better than the R and CP sectors.
Early parenthood in a community context: neighborhood conditions, race–ethnicity, and parenting stress†

Research has highlighted the role of intrapersonal and family characteristics on stress, but less attention has been paid to the potential influence of the community context and racial-ethnic differences in early parental experiences. Using an ecological model, this study examines the impact of neighborhood-level social disorder and social cohesion on parenting stress and whether this is universal across mothers of different race–ethnicities in a sample of mothers of young children in large U.S. cities. Study findings show that neighborhood context is significantly associated with parenting stress and minority parents experience less stress than White parents in higher-disordered neighborhoods. Findings highlight the need to improve community conditions, social support, and resources to reduce parenting stress. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Disparity Between Willingness to Accept and Willingness to Pay Measures of Value

Psychologists have long argued that people are much more averse to a loss than attracted to an equivalent gain. This behavior, termed loss aversion, has been formalized by Kahneman and Tversky [1979] in their reformulation of expected utility theory, prospect theory. In prospect theory the utility function is replaced by a value function that evaluates changes in income from the current level. Increases in income are weighted by a relatively small marginal utility. Decreases in income are weighted by a much larger marginal utility. In effect, the value function implies that a kink in the relationship between utility and income occurs at the initial income or reference point and that the slope of the utility function for losses in income is steeper than it is for gains. In a recent paper Knetsch and Sinden [1984] report a series of experiments that demonstrate the existence of a large disparity between willingness to accept (WTA) and willingness to pay (WTP) measures of value. They argue that the psychological theory of loss aversion explains this difference. Economic theory would suggest that individuals who exhibit a large disparity between WTA and WTP are perhaps underperceiving the value of gains or overperceiving the value of losses, are behaving in an irrational manner, and will consequently achieve a lower level of well-being than if they behaved in a true utility-maximizing manner. This would, in contrast to loss aversion, usually imply near equal values for WTA and WTP (see Willig [1976]). Further documentation of a larger than expected disparity between WTA and WTP has been obtained in surveys asking for the value of a variety of public goods. For example, Cummings, Brookshire, and Schulze [1986] document six
Are gluon jets oblate

Abstract We consider a model for gloun jet fragmentation based on QCD in which the fast hadrons in the jet are produced by the sequential reaction gluon → q q q → hadrons. The resulting jet shows an oblate transverse momentum structure, with a major axis preferential oriented normally to the direction of linear polarization of the gluon. We discuss jet-jet oblateness angular correlations in decays of heavy QQ pseudoscalar and vector systems.
Sexual and dating violence among adolescents and young adults in Chile: a review of findings from a survey of university students.

This paper synthesises and discusses results from the 2005 Survey of Student Well-Being, a closed-ended questionnaire administered to students attending general education courses at a major public university in Santiago (n = 484 women, 466 men). The survey included questions on sexual violence (SV) and dating violence (DV), public health problems that have received little attention in Chile and other Latin-American countries. This paper highlights key findings from a series of papers based on these data, noting lessons learned in the Chilean context that may be useful for other Latin-American countries. Important gaps in the international literature on SV and DV are also discussed. A central finding is the high prevalence of SV and DV in this sample of university students, warranting further public health attention to these problems. Potentially, the findings will contribute to changes in awareness, policy and practice along similar lines to efforts that transformed the US landscape regarding SV and DV on...
Snow depth and streamflow relationships in large North American watersheds

[1] Snowmelt runoff in the spring is an important component in regional hydrologic systems in the northern United States and Canada, having a vital influence on water resources. In northern latitude rivers, snowmelt runoff provides a considerable volume of freshwater to drive circulation in the Arctic Ocean. This project defines and analyzes patterns of snow volume and discharge in major North American watersheds and determines the strength and form of the associated relationships. The results are used to develop statistical models applicable to individual watersheds, including the Yukon and Mackenzie basins in northern Canada and Alaska, the Saskatchewan basin in southern Canada, and the Missouri and upper Mississippi watersheds in the northern United States. It is shown that snow volume can predict winter and early spring discharge in all watersheds in the study region, with the best model performance in the higher-latitude Yukon and Mackenzie basins during late fall and winter accumulation. In the lower-latitude Missouri and upper Mississippi basins, despite additional influences of rain on discharge patterns, the statistical models based on snow volume were still able to estimate streamflow with percent relative error around 50%. To improve modeled discharge estimates during peak spring runoff, additional snow cover variables, including the value and timing of peak snow volume and the duration of snowmelt, were compared with peak annual discharge during periods of intense snowmelt. Significant results were found to occur in the Yukon and Saskatchewan basins owing to the extreme sensitivity to snowmelt runoff and fast river response times.
Time-resolved spin-labeled balanced SSFP cineangiography of the heart: a novel approach for visualizing intracardiac shunt

Introduction Present methods for intracardiac shunt evaluation have important technical limitations. For example, phase contrast imaging (PC) is sensitive to velocity encoding setting and angle of imaging plane. PC can also be difficult to interpret due to complex flow patterns and separation of morphologic from velocity images. Cine GRE sequences that involve saturation of inflowing blood have poor SNR. Methods requiring gadolinium have limited use within a single exam and in patients with renal insufficiency. A method that circumvents these technical limitations in shunt visualization is desirable.
A naturalistic examination of positive expectations, time course, and disgust in the origins and reduction of spider and insect distress.

Abstract We used a naturalistic method to examine the causes of changes in individuals’ reactions to, and feelings about, spiders and insects. In this descriptive retrospective study, 50 college students who reported substantial changes in their attitudes toward spiders and/or insects (in the absence of professional treatment) underwent telephone interviews about the change process. We found that individuals frequently describe the role of positive experiences and expectations in positive change and some individuals report sudden changes. Further, descriptions of the important role of disgust in the change process were common. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the etiology and treatment of spider and insect distress and make a case for the usefulness of naturalistic methods in expanding scientific knowledge.
Collective capabilities: building a theory of coordinated collective action in a networked improvement community

In order to scale innovations in education, a Networked Improvement Community (NIC), forms a network of members with diverse expertise from a variety of contexts. By testing innovations in diverse settings and coordinating what is learned from the tests, a NIC builds an infrastructure for addressing educational problems. To gain a deeper understanding of coordination and collaboration in a NIC, I take a case-based approach to build a theory of coordinated collaborative action in a NIC. Drawing upon qualitative and social network data from an operating NIC, I seek to understand the nature of the NIC's coordinated collaborative action and uncover mechanisms that facilitate consequential joint work.
Endoscopic approach to coronal craniosynostosis

Seventy-two patients who presented with nonsyndromic coronal craniosynostosis were treated using endoscopic-assisted techniques. Release of the stenosed suture was accomplished with the creation of a 5-mm osteotomy extending from the anterior fontanelle to the pterion. All patients tolerated the procedure well with no mortalities, morbidities, or need for blood transfusions. Correction of the vertical dystopia, nasal deviation, and orbital resection was accomplished in most cases. This approach offers a viable alternative for the early treatment of coronal craniosynostosis.
Propylhexedrine-Induced Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Excerpt Amphetamine abuse has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease (1), necrotizing vasculitis (2), intracranial hemorrhage (3), pulmonary fibrosis, and cor pu...
Climatic and tectonic sea-level gauge for Midcontinent Pennsylvanian cyclothems

New sedimentological determinations suggest that Pennsylvanian sea-level change ranged from as little as 40 m to as much as 160 m, depending on which model establishes the deepest water facies of a Midcontinent cyclothem. Average sedimentological estimates of sea-level change for models of Heckel and Gerhard are 96.4 m and 86.0 m, respectively. In the Midcontinent, tectonic subsidence contributed 5% to 20% of the total Pennsylvanian sea-level change in platform areas and basin depocenters. Additional change in sea level was controlled by short-term glacial eustasy (nearly 70% of sea-level change) and long-term climate change (nearly 15% of sea-level change). These findings suggest that away from orogenic belts, climatic change is the principal driving mechanism controlling sea-level change, whereas within orogenic belts, climate becomes more subordinate to tectonic processes that influenced Pennsylvanian sea-level change, even though indicators of climatic change reportedly are preserved.