cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An integrated GPU power and performance model

GPU architectures are increasingly important in the multi-core era due to their high number of parallel processors. Performance optimization for multi-core processors has been a challenge for programmers. Furthermore, optimizing for power consumption is even more difficult. Unfortunately, as a result of the high number of processors, the power consumption of many-core processors such as GPUs has increased significantly. Hence, in this paper, we propose an integrated power and performance (IPP) prediction model for a GPU architecture to predict the optimal number of active processors for a given application. The basic intuition is that when an application reaches the peak memory bandwidth, using more cores does not result in performance improvement. We develop an empirical power model for the GPU. Unlike most previous models, which require measured execution times, hardware performance counters, or architectural simulations, IPP predicts execution times to calculate dynamic power events. We then use the outcome of IPP to control the number of running cores. We also model the increases in power consumption that resulted from the increases in temperature. With the predicted optimal number of active cores, we show that we can save up to 22.09%of runtime GPU energy consumption and on average 10.99% of that for the five memory bandwidth-limited benchmarks.
Assessment for depression among nursing home elders: evaluation of the MDS mood assessment.

The 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the GDS Short Form, and the Mood Assessments from the Minimum Data Set versions 1 and 2 were completed for 50 nursing home elders. The purpose of the study was to evaluate agreement among these measures of depression, with the GDS considered the gold standard. Although the GDS Short Form performed highly consistently with the GDS, the correlations of the MDS mood assessments with the GDS were relatively low. The results are discussed in the context of the characteristics that surround the use of the MDS, and recommendations are made for improving methods of detecting depression among nursing home elders. (Geriatr Nurs 2002;23:103-8)
sFRP-1 binds via its netrin-related motif to the N-module of thrombospondin-1 and blocks thrombospondin-1 stimulation of MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell adhesion and migration.

Secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP)-1 is a Wnt antagonist that inhibits breast carcinoma cell motility, whereas the secreted glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 stimulates adhesion and motility of the same cells. We examined whether thrombospondin-1 and sFRP-1 interact directly or indirectly to modulate cell behavior. Thrombospondin-1 bound sFRP-1 with an apparent Kd = 48 nM and the related sFRP-2 with a Kd = 95 nM. Thrombospondin-1 did not bind to the more distantly related sFRP-3. The association of thrombospondin-1 and sFRP-1 is primarily mediated by the amino-terminal N-module of thrombospondin-1 and the netrin domain of sFRP-1. sFRP-1 inhibited α3β1 integrin-mediated adhesion of MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells to a surface coated with thrombospondin-1 or recombinant N-module, but not adhesion of the cells on immobilized fibronectin or type I collagen. sFRP-1 also inhibited thrombospondin-1-mediated migration of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells. Although sFRP-2 binds similarly to thrombospondin-1, it did not inhibit thrombospondin-1-stimulated adhesion. Thus, sFRP-1 binds to thrombospondin-1 and antagonizes stimulatory effects of thrombospondin-1 on breast carcinoma cell adhesion and motility. These results demonstrate that sFRP-1 can modulate breast cancer cell responses by interacting with thrombospondin-1 in addition to its known effects on Wnt signaling.
Effects of indomethacin, cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide, and placebo on collagen-induced arthritis of mice

The long term effects of indomethacin, cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide, and placebo on collagen-induced arthritis in mice were tested under two different treatment protocols. A prophylactic experiment examined the effects of the daily drug administration for 180 days beginning one day before the first collagen injection. Under this dosage schedule, cyclophosphamide and cyclosporin decreased the severity of arthritis, while indomethacin did not. A therapeutic protocol examined the effects of these same drugs when daily administration was delayed until the animals had active disease at 78 days after the first collagen injection. Under this protocol, all three drugs reduced the progression of disease. In both protocols, the most significant suppression of arthritis was seen in animals receiving cyclophosphamide which was associated with a decrease in anti-collagen antibody levels. Collagen-induced arthritis in mice should be further investigated as a model to study the long term effects of "slow-acting" anti-rheumatic drugs.
MAGNETIC COOLING WITH PARAMAGNETIC METALS

ABS>The magnetic properties of Er-Th alloys below 1 deg K are studied. Er concentrations of 0.82 to 9.6% are used. Magnetic cooling curves are given from 0.73 deg K as a function of the change in the magnetic field. Temperatures as low as 0.07 deg K are reached. The cooling efficiency of the Er-Th alloys is compared with that of paramagnetic salts. (T.F.H.)
The effect of a dedicated endocrine surgery program on general surgery training: a single institutional experience.

Abstract Background The endocrine surgery program was established at the University of California, Los Angeles, in 2006 to enhance the educational experience of surgical residents in this area. The impact of this program on subjective and objective measures of resident education was prospectively tracked. Methods Resident case logs, American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination scores, self-assessment surveys, and annual rotation evaluations from July 2005 to June 2009 were reviewed. Results The mean number of endocrine cases reported by graduates doubled during the study period (from 18 to 36, P P = .04) and parathyroid (from 4.46 to 5.90, P = .03) disorders. The mean rating for the endocrine rotation (from 3.23 to 3.95, P = .005) improved, with specific increases in the quantity (from 3.05 to 3.74, P = .02) and quality (from 3.25 to 3.95, P = .002) of operative experience. Since 2006, trainees have coauthored 17 peer-reviewed reports and 3 textbook chapters on endocrine topics. Conclusions The establishment of a dedicated endocrine surgery program has a measurable impact on resident education within this core content area.
Integrated controller-observer system for marine surface vessels

A robust nonlinear controller has been designed to control the surge speed and the heading angle of a marine surface vessel. The control actions are carried out through the propeller and the rudder. Moreover, a nonlinear observer has been devised to accurately estimate the surge speed and the yaw angle and their time derivatives. Both the controller and the observer are designed based on a reduced-order model of the ship. However, their performances have been assessed on a six degree-of-freedom ship model, which accounts for the wave excitation, retardation forces, nonlinear restoring forces, wind and sea-current resistive loads. Furthermore, the model accounts for the physical limitations of both the rudder and the ship propulsion system. The simulation results demonstrate the capability of the integrated controller-observer system in providing a good tracking characteristic of the ship in spite of significant modeling imprecision and environmental disturbances.
Axillary View: Arthritic Glenohumeral Anatomy and Changes After Ream and Run

Background The technique and results of shoulder arthroplasty are influenced by glenohumeral pathoanatomy. Although some authors advocate a routine preoperative CT scan to define this anatomy, ordering a CT scan substantially increases the cost and the radiation exposure for the patient.
Teaching physical examination of the adult liver with use of real-time sonography

Rationale and Objectives. The authors developed and evaluated an approach to teaching examination of the liver that incorporates real-time ultrasound (US) imaging as immediate feedback to improve diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods. Second-year medical students participating in a course in physical examination were assigned to receive instruction in measuring liver span without (group 1) or with (group 2) real-time sonography. Students from each group attended a practice session given by one of two physicians who were board certified in radiology and internal medicine with special expertise in US. During the practice session for group 2, students were shown the boundaries of the liver of the practice patient with real-time US. Both groups of students then made three measurements each of the liver span of a healthy practice patient and a single healthy test patient without US. The vertical liver span reference standard was determined by one of the authors. Results. Students in group 2 showed greater accuracy in measuring liver span during both the practice and the test sessions than did students in group 1. The differences were significant for the third practice measurement and all three test measurements ( P Conclusion. The use of real-time US as an aid in teaching physical examination improves students' accuracy in measuring liver size.
Quenched phonon drag in silicon nanowires reveals significant effect in the bulk at room temperature.

Existing theory and data cannot quantify the contribution of phonon drag to the Seebeck coefficient (S) in semiconductors at room temperature. We show that this is possible through comparative measurements between nanowires and the bulk. Phonon boundary scattering completely quenches phonon drag in silicon nanowires enabling quantification of its contribution to S in bulk silicon in the range 25–500 K. The contribution is surprisingly large (∼34%) at 300 K even at doping of ∼3 × 1019 cm–3. Our results contradict the notion that phonon drag is negligible in degenerate semiconductors at temperatures relevant for thermoelectric energy conversion. A revised theory of electron–phonon momentum exchange that accounts for a phonon mean free path spectrum agrees well with the data.
Use of monetary wetland value estimates by EPA Clean Water Act Section 404 regulators

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency wetland regulators appear to use monetary estimates of the societal value of wetlands relatively infrequently in Section 404 permit review, enforcement, and compensatory mitigation-related activities. While 52 % of surveyed EPA regulators had used such estimates at least once, only 3 % reported using them frequently. Forty-eight percent said they never used them. Survey respondents indicated that their use of such estimates is inhibited by a lack of relevant information, uncertainty about the scientific validity of estimates, and concerns about the scientific and legal defensibility of estimate use. Respondents said they would be more apt to use estimates in regulatory activities if they perceived agency approval for such use and had access to training and best practices. The barriers and inducements EPA regulators cited largely accord with the literature on the science-policy divide and with the argument that regulatory use of valuation estimates may be inappropriate because research in this arena is not sufficiently advanced.
Neurotransmitter accumulation and calcium-dependent release from different regions of rat brain.

Abstract High affinity accumulation and calcium-dependent release of 3 H-NE, 3 H-dopamine, 14 C-GABA and 14 C-choline/ACh were investigated in 12 regions of the rat brain. Regional differences in accumulation and fractional calcium-dependent release were observed for all four substances. The corpus striatum exhibited particularly high accumulation values and high release rates for all four substances. Caudal structures exhibited low accumulation and release values. The differences are discussed in terms of possible differences in neurotransmitter dynamics in the different regions.
Nuclear Structure Studies in the Z = 50 Region

The purpose of this article is to present briefly the state of our knowledge of nuclei in a particular region of the periodic table, namely those nuclei with proton number near fifty. It is natural to group these together. According to our simplest models, their structures are intimately related. They are spherical nuclei, or at least not strongly deformed. The tin isotopes, with Z = 50, are classified as “single-closed-shell nuclei,” since 50 is a magic number, and the differences in their structure are determined completely by differences in the numbers of neutrons in the valence shells. The indium and antimony isotopes (with Z = 49 and 51) have a proton particle or hole in addition to the fifty in the closed shell. There is a close relationship between their structure and that of the tin nuclei as well as relationships between their various isotopes. The shell-model description of nuclei in this region is thus fairly simple, and makes possible detailed microscopic calculations. On the other hand, the even-mass cadmium and tellurium isotopes (Z = 48 and Z = 52, respectively) look experimentally quite different from the single-closed-shell tin isotopes. It is also much more difficult to calculate their structure. For these reasons, the tin, antimony and indium isotopes make an island of nuclei, about fifty in number, whose properties can profitably be discussed as a unit.
Antiangiogenic Therapy for Primary Liver Cancer: Correlation of Changes in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Tissue Hypoxia Markers and Clinical Response

Background This study utilized the imaging data of primary liver cancer (PLC) treated with floxuridine (FUDR) and bevacizumab to test the hypothesis that dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters correlate with tissue hypoxia markers and treatment outcome.
An Experimental Method to Obtain the Elastic Strain Energy Function from Torsion-Tension Tests

It is shown that by employing a torsion-tension test, it is possible to have a complete mapping near the origin of the two principal strain invariants associated with the rate of change of the strain energy function. However, the mathematical representation of the twist moment and normal forces vs strain and the strain energy function are complex. This problem is solved by using a set of solid cylindrical bars with different diameters such that the difference in diameter of two successive bars is small. The stress-strain equations can be grossly oversimplified by considering differences in twist moment and normal force as a function of difference in radius.
GASTRIC NA+K+ATPASE ACTIVITY AND INTESTINAL UREA HYDROLYSIS OF THE COMMON VAMPIRE BAT, DESMODUS ROTUNDUS

The blood diet of the vampire bat represents an extraordinarily high ratio of protein to other nutrients and the highest water consumption per body weight of any other mammal. This bat has a unique gastrointestinal morphology that is characterized by a reduced small intestine, absence of a large intestine and intestinal cecum and the presence of a water-absorptive gastric fundus. The present study demonstrates that the gastric fundus has a greater Na+K+ATPase activity for active ion transport compared with other equally sized mammals. This activity is believed to be necessary to establish a gradient favoring water absorption across what would otherwise be an osmotic disequilibrium. The absence of a large intestine and intestinal cecum may reflect a reduced urea hydrolysis by the vampire bat. The present study demonstrated that the vampire bat does not hydrolyze urea as does an equally sized non-sanguinivorous mammal. These data suggest that the blood diet and the relocation of water-absorptive tissue from the lower intestinal tract to the stomach is associated with an active ion transport mechanism in the gastric tissue and a reduced capacity for ureolytic microbes to hydrolyze urea in the intestine. Both processes are specializations for a diet high in protein and water.
Fate and Transport of Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonate in a Sewage-Contaminated Aquifer: A Comparison of Natural-Gradient Pulsed Tracer Tests

Two natural-gradient tracer tests were conducted to determine the transport and biodegradation behavior of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) surfactant under in situ conditions in a sewage-contaminated aquifer. The tests were conducted in two biogeochemically distinct zones of the aquifer: (1) an aerobic uncontaminated zone (oxic zone) and (2) a moderately aerobic, sewage-contaminated zone (transition zone). Chromatographic separation of the surfactant mixture was observed in both zones and attributed to the retardation of the longer alkyl chain homologues during transport. No significant loss of LAS mass was observed for the oxic zone while 20% of the LAS mass injected into the transition zone was removed due to biodegradation. Biodegradation preferentially removed the longer alkyl chain homologues and the external isomers (i.e., 2- and 3-phenyl). The removal of LAS mass coincided with a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentrations, the appearance of LAS metabolites, and an increase in the number of free-living bacteria with a concomitant change in bacteria morphology. The formation of LAS metabolites accounted for 86% of the LAS mass removed in the transition zone. Over the duration of the test, sorption and biodegradation enriched the LAS mixture in the more water-soluble and biologically resistant components.
Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of the Mio-Pliocene mammal-bearing Big Sandy Formation of western Arizona

Abstract The Big Sandy Formation in western Arizona consists of up to 65 m of clays, silts, sands and volcanic ashes that were deposited in a lacustrine paleoenvironment. Three paleomagnetic samples were collected from each of 54 sites spaced at stratigraphic intervals of no more than 5 m. After laboratory studies of pilot samples to determine their paleomagnetic characteristics, all other samples were measured for their NRM and then demagnetized in alternating fields of 150 Oe. After statistical filtering and a hierarchical site classification, 48 sites were used to interpret the magnetic polarity zonation. Vertebrate fossils from the Big Sandy Formation are collectively termed the Wikieup Local Fauna, and indicate a late Hemphillian Land Mammal “Age”. Three fission-track (zircon) dates from the Big Sandy Formation yielded a mean age of 5.5 ± 0.2 m.y. B.P. Using these radiometric data to calibrate the magnetic polarity zonation, it appears that the Big Sandy Formation spans late Epoch 6 to early Gilbert time (late Miocene to early Pliocene). The Wikieup Local Fauna is compared to two other roughly contemporaneous mammalian assemblages from New Mexico and Texas. Faunal differences previously thought to represent a very late Hemphillian age for the Wikieup Local Fauna are apparently related to ecogeographic variation and not time.
Social Service Delivery and the Voluntary Sector in Contemporary Australia

Continuing poverty, deprivation and unemployment in rich English-speaking countries have led governments to reconsider existing methods of delivering social services. In Australia, the Minister for Employment Services, Tony Abbott, has developed a doctrine of 'constructive compassion' to justify human service delivery through private firms and voluntary organisations. The McClure Report has also argued for 'social partnerships' involving governments, the business community and the voluntary sector. The limited purpose of this research note is to evaluate these arguments using the conceptual tools of market failure, government failure and voluntary failure and drawing on some of the theoretical literature on the voluntary sector, especially Billis and Glennerster (1998). We contend that considerable scope does indeed exist for social service delivery by voluntary organisations, subject to at least one important caveat.
Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21): Psychometric analysis across four racial groups

Growing cross-cultural awareness has led researchers to examine frequently used research instruments and assessment tools in racially diverse populations. The present study was conducted to assess the psychometric characteristics of the 21-item version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) among different racial groups. The DASS-21 was chosen because it appears to be a reliable and easy to administer measure, ideal for both clinical and research purposes. Results suggest that the internal consistency, and convergent and divergent validity of the DASS-21 are similar across racial groups. Multigroup CFA, however, indicated that item loadings were invariant, while scale covariances were not invariant. This suggests that, although the items may load similarly on the depression, anxiety and stress constructs, these constructs may be differentially inter-related across groups. Implications for application in clinical practice are discussed.
Relationship of age, sex, and reproductive status to the quantity of tyrosine hydroxylase in the median eminence and superior cervical ganglion of the rat

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the median eminence (ME) and superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of the rat was quantified by means of an immunoblot procedure, using highly purified rat TH as the standard. Antibodies against rat TH were produced in the rabbit. The assay was linear from 0–100 ng TH and had a correlation coefficient of 0.990 ± 0.0014 (mean ± SE: = 22). The interassay coefficient of variation was 8.65% (n = 17). In young female rats (12–16 weeks old) with regular 4–day estrous cycles, the quantity of TH in the ME oh various days of the cycle was as follows: estrus, 42 ± 2.9 ng; diestrous day 1, 61 2.8 ng; diestrous day 2, 75 ± 4.2 ng; and proestrus, 84 ± 3.3 ng. In ovariectomized rats (15–16 weeks old), the ME contained 24 ± 1.6 ng TH. In prepubertal rats (5–5.5 weeks old), the ME of females contained 25 ± 2.0 ng TH, and that of males contained 24 ± 2.1 ng. The amount of TH in the ME of young mature males (15–16 weeks old) was 34 ± 3.3 ng, and that of old males 17–20 months old) was 37 ± 1.6 ng TH...
Synthesis of 5-Fluoro N-Acetylglucosamine Glycosides and Pyrophosphates via Epoxide Fluoridolysis: Versatile Reagents for the Study of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry

Numerous carbohydrate-processing enzymes facilitate catalysis via stabilization of positive charges on or near the C-1, C-4, C-5, or C-6 positions. Substrate analogues differing only in the substitution of a fluorine for the axial C-5 hydrogen would possess reduced electron density at these positions and could be useful mechanistic probes of these enzymes. Introduction of this 5-fluoro substituent after radical halogenation was problematic because of the incompatibility of many protecting groups to the radical halogenation and the instability of the subsequent 5-fluoro hexosamines. Thus, to allow easy access to a wide variety of 5-fluoro glycosides and glycosyl phosphates, a versatile method for the introduction of the 5-fluoro group has been developed, the key step being the fluoridolysis of C-5, 6 epoxides. By use of this method, two fluorinated carbohydrates, uridine 5‘-diphospho-5-fluoro-N-acetylglucosamine and octyl 5-fluoro-N-acetylglucosamine, have been synthesized. Initial biochemical investigatio...
BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES IN AGING OUT OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE

Blacks have lower rates of substance use and abuse than whites in early adolescence and young adulthood but similar or higher rates by middle adulthood, which could be due to blacks being less likely to age (i.e., mature) out of deviance than whites by transitioning into high-quality conventional social roles. Using the National Comorbidity Survey (1990–1992), this study finds that work, economic conditions, and family roles explain the race-by-age crossover for drug abuse and explain most of this relationship for alcohol use and abuse. There is no race-by-age crossover for drug use. Thus, even though blacks have lower substance use and abuse than whites at younger ages, this advantage is eliminated and even reversed due to the disadvantages blacks face over the life course.
Dynamics and distributed vibration controls of flexible manipulators; integrated distributed sensing and active piezoelectric actuator

An integrated distributed vibration actuator design for elastic flexible robot structures is presented. The proposed distributed sensor and actuator is a layer or multilayer of piezoelectric polymer directly attached to the flexible component needed to be monitored and controlled. The integrated piezoelectric sensor/controller can monitor the oscillation as well as actively and directly constrain the undesirable oscillation of the flexible robot arm by direct/converse piezoelectric effects, respectively. An experimental model and a finite-element simulation are studied, and the effectiveness is evaluated. >
Capturing single cell genomes of active polysaccharide degraders: an unexpected contribution of Verrucomicrobia

Microbial hydrolysis of polysaccharides is critical to ecosystem functioning and is of great interest in diverse biotechnological applications, such as biofuel production and bioremediation. Here we demonstrate the use of a new, efficient approach to recover genomes of active polysaccharide degraders from natural, complex microbial assemblages, using a combination of fluorescently labeled substrates, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and single cell genomics. We employed this approach to analyze freshwater and coastal bacterioplankton for degraders of laminarin and xylan, two of the most abundant storage and structural polysaccharides in nature. Our results suggest that a few phylotypes of Verrucomicrobia make a considerable contribution to polysaccharide degradation, although they constituted only a minor fraction of the total microbial community. Genomic sequencing of five cells, representing the most predominant, polysaccharide-active Verrucomicrobia phylotype, revealed significant enrichment in genes encoding a wide spectrum of glycoside hydrolases, sulfatases, peptidases, carbohydrate lyases and esterases, confirming that these organisms were well equipped for the hydrolysis of diverse polysaccharides. Remarkably, this enrichment was on average higher than in the sequenced representatives of Bacteroidetes, which are frequently regarded as highly efficient biopolymer degraders. These findings shed light on the ecological roles of uncultured Verrucomicrobia and suggest specific taxa as promising bioprospecting targets. The employed method offers a powerful tool to rapidly identify and recover discrete genomes of active players in polysaccharide degradation, without the need for cultivation.
GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF 'SUGARS IN READY-TO-EAT BREAKFAST CEREALS

A wide selection of ready-to-eat breakfast cereals was analyzed for sugars with a gas-liquid chromatographic technique. Cereal products from General Foods, General Mills, Kellogg, Nabisco, Quaker Oats, and Ralston-Purina were purchased locally. Sugars found in the cereals varied from sucrose alone to any combinations of fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose. The amount of a given sugar ranged from 50% of dry weight. Amounts of but not types of sugar varied from lot to lot; usually only slightly more than the analytical variations between replicates. The analytical data were verified on Several occasions by comparisons with data from a liquid chromatographic technique in our own laboratory, and in other laboratories by similar methods.
Substrate Noise Rejection in a New Mixed-Signal Integration Technology

In this paper, a new mixed-signal substrate noise rejection technique is proposed and implemented using a recently-developed self-aligned wafer-level integration technology (SAWLIT). In this technique, chips with any thickness can be used. Using sidewall metallization of cavities in an interposer substrate, truly grounded Faraday-cage structures are realized. The simulation and measurement results show that a high-resistivity silicon substrate can suppress the substrate noise by more than 60dB for the frequency of less than 1 GHz. For the frequency range of 1GHz to 25GHz, using the grounded Faraday-cage, the isolation can be improved to less than -60dB. For the low-resistivity silicon substrate, the substrate coupling is worse than the high-resistivity Si, however, using sidewall metallization, the isolation can be improved to below -60dB. To our knowledge, these are the best values reported for isolation improvement of thick silicon substrates and chips using a very thin layer of metallization.
Orientation of DNA on a surface from simulation

DNA orientation near surfaces determines many properties related to hybridization efficiency. We performed a 40-ns molecular dynamics simulation to study the structure and orientation of a 12-base-pair DNA duplex tethered to a neutral, epoxide-coated silica surface. Starting with a canonical B-form tethered in an up-right position, normal to the surface, the DNA tilted to over 55° and back. The time scale was a few nanoseconds for tilting events. The linker between the DNA and the surface went from standing upright to tilted, and finally collapsed on the surface. Although the DNA conformation fluctuated, it remained closed to B-form for the entire 40 ns. Calculations of helical parameters of the DNA show that the tethered end of the DNA changed its conformation noticeably when attracted to the surface. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Evaluation of process control effectiveness and diagnosis of variation in paper basis weight via multivariate time-series analysis

Multivariate time-series techniques are used to analyze the effectiveness of basis-weight control on a paper machine. Basis weight and four other process variables were collected from a production paper machine under three control conditions, ranging from no computer control to the normal operating basis-weight control strategy. Process control effectiveness is measured by comparing the observed output variation with an estimate of the theoretical minimum variation obtained from autoregressive moving-average vector (ARMAV) time-series models. To diagnose sources of variation in the process, the dynamic effects and interactions of the process variables are evaluated using the analysis of dispersion (AD) and spectral estimates obtained from the ARMAV models are used to diagnose sources of periodic variation in the process.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF THE LONG CHAIN PHENOMENON OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI

The formation and destruction of long chains by growth of Group A streptococci in the presence of type-specific antibody have been studied with the fluorescent antibody technique. Long chain formation has been shown to depend on the presence of free antibody during the growth of the bacteria. Destruction of long chains has been shown to depend on the continued growth and division of the bacteria in the absence of free antibody. Univalent antibody fragments formed by proteolytic digestion of antibody globulin have been shown to have the combining properties of untreated antibody but do not result in the production of long chains. A model involving end-to-end agglutination during growth of Group A streptococci has been presented to explain the mechanism of production of long chains by growth of Group A streptococci in the presence of type-specific antibody.
The Rise of Cotton Mills in the South . By Broadus Mitchell, with a new introduction by David L. Carlton. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001. Pp. lviii, 281. $18.95, paper.

Written as his doctoral dissertation at Johns Hopkins University and published as a book in 1921, Mitchell's study was a highly influential study of the explosive growth of cotton manufacturing in the southeastern United States from 1880 to World War I. The first scholarly assessment of what would become the leading industry of the region and set within the historical context of that region, Mitchell's book was, as Carlton says, “[r]ooted in the militant modernizing ethos of the Progressive era reform milieu” (p. x).
Relativistic comparison theorems

Comparison theorems are established for the Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations. We suppose that V{sup (1)}(r) and V{sup (2)}(r) are two real attractive central potentials in d dimensions that support discrete Dirac eigenvalues E{sub k{sub d{nu}}{sup (1)}} and E{sub k{sub d{nu}}{sup (2)}}. We prove that if V{sup (1)}(r){<=}V{sup (2)}(r), then each of the corresponding discrete eigenvalue pairs is ordered E{sub k{sub d{nu}}{sup (1)}}{<=}E{sub k{sub d{nu}}{sup (2)}}. This result generalizes an earlier, more restrictive theorem that required the wave functions to be node-free. For the the Klein-Gordon equation, similar reasoning also leads to a comparison theorem provided in this case that the potentials are negative and the eigenvalues are positive.
Design and Performance of Liquid Hydrogen Target Systems for the Fermilab Fixed Target Program

The Fermilab 1990–1991 Fixed Target Program featured six experiments utilizing liquid hydrogen or liquid deuterium targets as part of their apparatus. Each design was optimized to the criteria of the experiment, resulting in variations of material selection, methods of refrigeration and secondary containment. Collectively, the targets were run for a total of 14, 184 hours with an average operational efficiency of 97.6%. The safe and reliable operation of these targets was complemented by an increased degree of documentation and component testing. This operation was also aided by several key upgrades. All the systems were designed and fabricated under a set of written guidelines that blend analytical calculations and empirical guidance drawn from over twenty years of target fabrication experience.
Chronic Duodenal Obstruction

Summary o 1. Chronic duodenal ileus is a true clinical entity. 2. Nine case reports of patients with this condition are presented.
Evidence for enhanced telomerase activity in Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia and adenocarcinoma

Background: Dysplasia and adenocarcinoma developing in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) are not always endoscopically identifiable. Molecular markers are needed for early recognition of these focal lesions and to identify patients at increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma. The aim of the current study was to correlate increased telomerase activity (TA) with dysplasia and adenocarcinoma occurring in the setting of BE. Materials and Methods: Esophageal mucosal biopsies were obtained from patients (N=62) who had pathologically verified BE at esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Mucosal biopsies were also obtained from the gastric fundus as controls. Based on histopathology, patients were divided into three groups: 1) BE without dysplasia (n=24); 2) BE with dysplasia (both high grade and low grade, n=13); and 3) BE with adenocarcinoma (n=25). TA was measured by a PCR-based assay (TRAPeze ® ELISA Telomerase Detection Kit). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni testing. Results: TA was significantly higher in biopsies of BE with dyplasia and BE with adenocarcinoma than in BE without dysplasia. Subgroup analyses did not reveal any significant correlations between TA and patient age, length of BE, or presence of gastritis. Conclusions: Telomerase activity in esophageal mucosal biopsies of BE may constitute a useful biomarker for the early detection of esophageal dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.
Learning about Machine Learning: An Extended Assignment to Classify Twitter Accounts

We describe a four-week series of assignments in an undergraduate AI course at a liberal arts college developing a supervised learning solution to the problem of classifying Twitter accounts as either a person account or a non-person account (e.g. organization or spambot). This problem employs real data in an ongoing research project by the first author, yet is accessible to students with limited programming expertise. The students were able to experience a complete cycle of creating a machine learning solution: exploring raw data, creating a training set, engineering features, comparing different classifiers, evaluating the results, and performing error analysis. We received positive feedback from the students and intend to refine the assignment and make it available (together with the created training data) for use by the research community.
Development of an in situ derivatization technique for rapid analysis of levoglucosan and polar compounds in atmospheric organic aerosol

Abstract A novel thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GCMS) technique was developed for the analysis of levoglucosan and other polar compounds in atmospheric organic aerosol. The method employs an in situ derivatization to add tri-methylsilyl groups to alcohol functional groups on simple carbohydrates, like levoglucosan and sterols. The new method was then demonstrated on a set of 40 filter samples collected in Fresno, CA. The results from the in situ silylation TD-GCMS method were compared, using levoglucosan, with a solvent extraction, high-volume injection GCMS method resulting in an r 2 = 0.91.
The Objects of Belief and Credence

David Chalmers uses Bayesian theories of credence to argue against referentialism about belief. This paper argues that Chalmers’s Bayesian objections to referentialism are similar to older, more familiar objections to referentialism. There are familiar responses to the old objections, and there is a predictable way to modify those old responses to meet Chalmers’s Bayesian objections. The new responses to the new objections are no less plausible than the old responses to the old objections. Chalmers’s positive theory of belief and credence is structurally similar to typical referential theories of those objects, but his theory is more speculative and dubious.
Lime Sludge Stabilization of Sand for Capping Sanitary Landfills

Absence of adequate quantities of suitable capping material, such as clay, is a major problem at many landfill sites. The research presented in this paper was undertaken to develop alternative capping materials by stabilizing river sand with sludge additives. Different percentages of sewage sludge and lime sludge were blended with river sand and the mixtures were evaluated for their suitability as capping materials. An effective capping material, when compacted properly, should maximize density, reduce permeability, and maintain stability with respect to slope failure and volume changes. Results from this evaluation procedure suggest that sewage sludge is not effective in stabilizing sand for capping purposes. The addition of sewage sludge decreases maximum dry density from 102 lbs/ft 3 (1.63 Mg/m 3 ) for pure sand to 76.5 lbs/ft 3 (1.22 Mg/m 3 ) for the 40 percent mixture, whereas the permeability remains in the 10 −4 cm/sec range. Contrary to sewage sludge, lime sludge effectively stabilizes sand and can be used to produce a feasible capping material. With the addition of lime sludge, the maximum dry density increases from 105.6 lbs/ft 3 (1.69 Mg/m 3 ) for pure sand to 108.0 lbs/ft 3 (1.73 Mg/m 3 ) for the 10 percent mixture, and then decreases to 99.6 lbs/ft 3 (1.6 Mg/m 3 ) for the 50 percent mixture. The permeability decreases from an initial value of 8.4 × 10 −4 cm/sec for 0 percent sludge content to a low of 1 × 10 −6 cm/sec at 40 percent sludge content. On the basis of these results, the 20 percent lime sludge mix is considered to provide the best compromise between high density and low permeability in a compacted state. The 20 percent mix is also expected to be stable with respect to volume changes and slope failure as indicated by durability testing, shear strength parameters, and stability analysis.
The Rise of Semiotic Marxism

This paper identifies four distinct stages in the 20th century emergence of a new direction in Marxian theory. Called here “Semiotic Marxism,” its central assumption is a reversal of the classic ba...
Deflated Carbon Nanospheres Encapsulating Tin Cores Decorated on Layered 3-D Carbon Structures for Low-Cost Sodium Ion Batteries

Novel deflated carbon nanospheres encapsulating metallic tin cores were successfully synthesized and decorated on 3-D layered carbon with wall-like structures. The composite was synthesized by facile in situ carbonization of walnut shell membranes and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and can be used as negative electrodes for sodium ion batteries. The in situ reduction of SnO2 particles to metallic Sn particles could induce volumetric shrinkage of the particles due to the density difference. The encapsulation of Sn particles by carbon nanospheres under CVD conditions can form unique deflated Sn@C nanoparticles firmly attached on the surface of the 3-D carbon derived from a typical agricultural waste. Particularly interesting, all the carbon nanospheres are in deflated spherical shape, which could provide extra space for volume expansion during charging in Na insertion into the enclosed Sn. The as-prepared composite in the form of pieces of materials are ready electrodes that can be directly assembled into ...
Ancillary care in public health intervention research in low-resource settings: researchers' practices and decision-making.

Little is known about researchers' practices regarding the provision of ancillary care (AC) in public health intervention studies they have conducted and the factors that influence their decisions about whether to provide ancillary care in low-resource settings. We conducted 52 in-person in-depth interviews with public health researchers. Data analysis was iterative and led to the identification of themes and patterns among themes. We found that researchers who conduct their research in the community setting are more likely to identify and plan for the AC needs of potential research subjects before a study begins, whereas those affiliated with a permanent facility are more likely to deliver AC to research subjects on an ad hoc basis. Our findings suggest that on the whole, at least for public health intervention research in low-resource settings, researchers conducting research in the community setting confront more complex ethical and operational challenges in their decision-making about AC than do resea...
Development of an Electronic System for Detecting Heliothis spp. Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Transferring Incident Information from the Field to a Computer

A remote-insect detection system was designed, constructed, and operated in typical southern Texas environments near fields of corn and cotton. The system electronically detected Heliothis zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.) and automatically radio-telemetered event information to a programmed data processor (computer). Remote infrared moth detector units were installed in the field and baited with species-specific pheromone lures. A tone-coded radio frequency pulse was transmitted from the detector units when moths that responded to respective lures were detected. Numbers of moths detected were automatically collated by the computer each night at hourly intervals. The infrared detectors, associated control circuits, and radio transmitters were reliable in adverse weather conditions. The system was at least 92% accurate in counting the moths detected and was 100% accurate in reporting the detection of single moths as a first event each night. Detector-transmitter units within a field consumed a nominal 6 mW from a 6-V lantern battery that lasted about 11 mo.
Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Sleep EEG Signal

The time series of sleep electroencephalogram(EEG)has complicated undulatory property.To study the fractal characteristic at various sleep stages,one night sleep EEG signals collected from 5 subjects were analyzed by means of mul-tifractal detrended fluctuation analysis(MF-DFA)method.The result shows that the sleep EEG series has the multifractal features as well as long range correlation.The values of generalized Hurst exponents vary at different sleep stages,but gradu-ally increase in the same trends with the time scales expanding.The value of generalized Hurst exponents at wake stage reaches the maximum in one night sleep,and gradually increases with the deepening of sleep,while the value at REM stage is between that of stage 1 and stage 2.These results provide solid empirical base for further research of the dynamic mecha-nism of sleep EEG signal.
Clinical analysis of voriconazole in early empirical treatment of invasive pulmonary fungal infections in children with acute leukemia

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and security of voriconazole in the early empirical treatment of invasive pulmonary fungal infections(IPFIs)in children with acute leukemia.METHODS A total of 38children with acute leukemia complicated by IPFIs who were treated with voriconazole from Jan 2011to Jun 2012were retrospectively analyzed.According to the clinical manifestation and laboratory examination,all the children who met the clinical standard were treated with voriconazole in the early stage.The efficacy and safety of voriconazole were comprehensively evaluated according to clinical evaluation criteria.RESULTS At the end of treatment,the symptoms,sign and imaging abnormalities of 38patients were significantly improved.During the course of treatment,there were eight patients(21.1%)getting elevated transaminases,two patients(5.3%)getting elevated bilirubin,five patients(13.2%)getting hypokalemia and two patients(5.3%)getting visual disturbances,and all these cases recovered after the symtomatic treatment.CONCLUSION Voriconazole,as the primary choice for the early empirical treatment of invasive pulmonary fungal infections,is safe and effective.
Evaluation of Poractant Alfa Injection therapy in newborn infants with meconium aspiration syndrome

[Objective] To explore the efficacy of Poractant Alfa Injection(pulmonary surfactant,PS) in the newborn infants with severe meconium aspiration syndrome(MAS).[Method] 66 infants with severe MAS in NICU from July 2006 to June 2011 were divided into two groups: treated with PS and treated with usual way.The potential of hydrogen(PH) of blood gas analysis of artery and the length of mechanical ventilation,use oxygen and hospitalization were compared between these two groups.[Result] The PH of blood gas analysis of artery in treatment period of 1,6,12,24,48 and 72 hours of the PS group were increased than those of control group;The mean oxygenation(OI) in treatment period of 1,12 and 24 hours of the PS group were lower than those of control group;The mean alveolar oxygen tension ratio(PaO2/PAO2) of the PS group were higher than the control group.The duration of mechanical ventilation,oxygen therapy and hospital stay was significantly shorter in the PS group than those in the control group.[Conclusion] PS therapy may result in a rapid improvement in oxygenation,and reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization time of newborn infants with severe MAS.
A retrospective analysis of 369 cases with nephroblastoma

Objective To discuss the treatment of nephroblastoma in order to improve the relapse free survival (RFS) rate and the quality of life of patients.Methods Make retrospective analysis of 369 cases with nephroblastoma who were treated in Beijing Children's Hospital from 1955 to 1996.The whole series were divided into 3 groups depending on the time and procedures.Results The RFS rate of the patients in first group(1955～1972) who were mainly received surgical treatment was 28.7%. The RFS rate in the second group(1973～1989) to which both surgery and chemotherapy were applied was 62.6%,in the group only 53%(106/200) of the patients completed the whole chemotherapy schedule.All the patients in the third group(1990～1996) got regularly postoperative chemotherapy according to the scheduale and the RFS rate raised to 84.9%.Conclusion The combination treatment of nephroblastoma has resulted in an excellant survival for most children with this disease.\;