cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) binds tissue-type plasminogen activator and promotes activation of plasminogen on the cell surface

The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), a major pore-forming protein in the outer membrane of mitochondria, is also found in the plasma membrane of a large number of cells where in addition to its role in regulating cellular ATP release and volume control it is important for maintaining redox homeostasis. Cell surface VDAC is a receptor for plasminogen kringle 5, which promotes partial closure of the channel. In this study, we demonstrate that VDAC binds tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) on human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Binding of t-PA to VDAC induced a decrease in Km and an increase in the Vmax for activation of its substrate, plasminogen (Pg). This resulted in accelerated Pg activation when VDAC, t-PA, and Pg were bound together. VDAC is also a substrate for plasmin; hence, it mimics fibrin activity. Binding of t-PA to VDAC occurs between a t-PA fibronectin type I finger domain located between amino acids Ile5 and Asn37 and a VDAC region including amino acids 20GYGFG24. These VDAC residues correspond to a GXXXG repeat motif commonly found in amyloid β peptides that is necessary for aggregation when these peptides form fibrillar deposits on the cell surface. Furthermore, we also show that Pg kringle 5 is a substrate for the NADH-dependent reductase activity of VDAC. This ternary complex is an efficient proteolytic complex that may facilitate removal of amyloid β peptide deposits from the normal brain and cell debris from injured brain tissue.
ALE–VMS formulation for stratified turbulent incompressible flows with applications

A numerical formulation for incompressible flows with stable stratification is developed using the framework of variational multiscale methods. In the proposed formulation, both density and temperature stratification are handled in a unified manner. The formulation is augmented with weakly-enforced essential boundary conditions and is suitable for applications involving moving domains, such as fluid–structure interaction. The methodology is tested using three numerical examples ranging from flow-physics benchmarks to a simulation of a full-scale offshore wind-turbine rotor spinning inside an atmospheric boundary layer. Good agreement is achieved with experimental and computational results reported by other researchers. The wind-turbine rotor simulation shows that flow stratification has a strong influence on the dynamic rotor thrust and torque loads.
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Is the Most Effective Prognostic Measurement of Acute Coronary Events

Inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of arterial atherosclerosis. The stages of atheroma development from early recruitment of leukocytes and fatty streaks to the unstable plaque and finally rupture are mediated by the inflammatory process. Several markers of vascular wall inflammation that can predict future risk of plaque rupture have been identified. However, these lack the specificity of CRP. Numerous large-scale prospective studies established hs-CRP as a strong biochemical marker for the prediction of future first or recurrent coronary events. A Food and Drug Administration-approved method for measuring hs-CRP is currently available.
First Laser Action Observed From Optically Pumped ${{\rm CH}_{3}}{^{17}{\rm OH}}$

The CH317OH isotopic form of methanol has been investigated as a far-infrared laser medium for the first time. Using two distinct experimental systems, this investigation has resulted in the discovery of twelve far-infrared laser emissions that range in wavelength from 69.7 to 642.9 μm. Along with the wavelength, each laser emission is reported with its optimal operating pressure and relative intensity. The frequency for the 69.7 μm line was measured to be 4 302 957.7 ± 1.0 MHz and is reported with the CO2 pump laser's offset frequency relative to its center frequency.
A review of AC/DC microgrid-developments, technologies, and challenges

Given the importance of the microgrid concept towards building a sustainable electricity system, many innovative techniques and technologies have been proposed all over the world to address the challenges of microgrid such as power quality, power flow balancing, real-time power management, voltage and frequency control, load sharing during islanding, protection, stability, reliability, efficiency, and economical operation. This paper aims to provide a review of all key issues of the microgrid and proposed solutions. Pros and cones of different available methods and technologies as well as areas of needed improvement for microgid applications are discussed. Dynamic modeling application evaluation and investigation into modular microgrid modeling is also presented. Such methods could prove reliable requisite for efficient modeling and analysis for researchers and investors. With suitable control principles, modeling and simulation techniques, microgrid stands to exponentially increase the efficiency of modern power distribution and presents extensive opportunity for distributed generation implementation.
Gastroparesis from other causes

Gastroparesis refers to delayed stomach emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction of the gastric outlet. It can be due to failure to generate an aboral pressure gradient within the stomach (i.e., pump failure); inadequate relaxation of the pylorus (i.e., functional obstruction); or an inappropriate pressure gradient between the antrum and the duodenum caused by antral hypomotility or duodenal spasm. The majority of patients with gastroparesis can be categorized as being related to diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2), vagus nerve malfunction secondary to primary injury (vagotomy) or secondary injury (antireflux or bariatric surgery, heart-lung transplantation) or as idiopathic. Before classifying gastroparesis as being idiopathic, there are a number of other putative etiologies that must be considered. The other putative etiologies are the subject of this chapter.
The High-Road Industrial Transformation of Cheese-Processing Cooperatives in Nicaragua's Northern Frontier

How might industrial transformations unfold in late-developer contexts devoid of the State’s helping hand or the pedagogical guidance of global buyers? And under what conditions might these industrial transformations deliver both economic and social gains? This article addresses these two related questions, of interest to scholars of industrial upgrading in the developing world, through a case study of the remarkable high-road transformation of cheese-processing cooperatives in Nicaragua’s northern agricultural frontier. It offers an alternative to state and global value chain-centered explanations by drawing upon the neoinstitutional normative theory of organizational studies. In particular, the proposed account traces the cooperatives’ adoption of a new, upgraded organizational model to the dissemination actions of a team of “developmental professionals.” Tempering the oversocialized conception of professionals pervading most normative neoinstitutional arguments, it suggests that two conditions set these professionals apart from other comparable actors: their conscious adherence to a subordinate ideology, Revisionist Marxism; and the base of expert knowledge, offering a varied repertoire of organizational practices, procedures, models and dissemination strategies, acquired through training and experience.
Efficient calculation of the effective single-particle potential and its application in electron microscopy

We present an efficient method for obtaining the effective single-particle potential for electrons within density functional theory (DFT). In contrast to the independent atom model (IAM) often used to interpret microscopy experiments, our method includes the contributions from charge redistribution and exchange-correlation interactions in a realistic system. The method allows calculation of the effective potential through the widely used pseudopotential formalism instead of the costly all-electron calculations. A transferable and spin-independent core potential for each element is calculated once and for all. The nonlinear exchange-correlation interaction is treated explicitly. This scheme can be readily implemented in pseudopotential DFT codes. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method by calculating the scattering potential and simulating images of nitrogen point defects in graphene for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results are in good agreement with experiments.
The Relationship Between Human Cognition and Language

Human cognition and language are inseparable.They affect each other.The language plays a special role in human cognitive processes,as well as in the objective world of human cognitive process of the language.This is an important way to the development of human language.If there will not be original cognitive generation of the original language of mankind,there will not be today's cognitive and language development.They have a close relationship between macro-evolution of human language and the objective world.
Detection of toxicity and air emissions of TQL dressing used onboard vessels

Objective To determine air emissions and toxicity of TQL dressing used onboard vessels,and also to evaluate the applicability of the dressing for naval surface vessels.Methods In accordance with GJB 7497-2012 Standards and the Non-metal Materials Detection Specifications,qualitative and quantitative analyses were made to detect types of air emissions under room temperature with the GC-MS technique.Types of organic compounds released at 700 ～ 1000℃ were detected by using the GC-MS technique.Toxicity detection of the material at high temperature was evaluated with acute inhalation experiment by using animals.Results Four kinds of compounds were detected at the room temperature of 45℃,and 74 kinds of organic compounds were detected at high temperature,and the median lethal concentration of the material was 116.69 g / m3.Conclusion The concentrations of air emissions released from the material did not exceed the allowable limits as specified in the GJB 7497-2012.Results of acute animal inhalation experiment indicated that air emissions released at high temperature were low toxic,with this reason TQL dressing could be used in the cabins of naval surface vessels.
Dietary Therapy for Preventing and Treating Coronary Artery Disease

Nearly one half of Americans die of cardiovascular disease. The morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery disease is strongly related to abnormal lipid levels, oxidation of lipids and intra-arterial clot formation. Nutrition powerfully influences each of these factors. There is growing evidence that patients can improve lipid levels and decrease the rate of cardiovascular events by "adding" specific foods to their diets and switching from saturated and polyunsaturated to monounsaturated fats and n-3 fatty acids. Appropriate dietary changes decrease arteriosclerotic plaque formation, improve endothelial vasomotor dynamics, reduce oxidation of low-density lipoproteins and enhance thrombolytic activity. Brief discussions between physicians and patients can influence patients' food choices. Changes in diet can reduce the premature mortality and morbidity associated with coronary artery disease.
Bacterial Diversity, Introduction to

Bacteria and Archaea represent the two domains of prokaryotes – unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound internal organelles such as the nucleus. Bacteria are considered the most abundant and diverse organisms on Earth. Investigations of bacterial diversity seek to understand the causes and outcomes of variability in phenotype, genotype, and ecological functions within the microbiome. Such variability is presumed to be the outcome of selection, evident in bacterial populations challenged with natural or anthropogenic environmental pressures. Such selections are exploited, for example, in public health and food preservation, where measurable reduction in diversity and increased fitness of selected varieties are beneficial.
The utility of radioisotope cisternography in low CSF/volume syndromes compared to myelography:

Objective The objective of this report is to compare computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) myelography with radioisotope cisternography (RC) for detection of spinal cerebrospinal (CSF) leaks. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 12 spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) patients; CT and RC were performed simultaneously. Three patients had MR myelography. Results CT and/or MR myelography identified CSF leaks in four of 12 patients. RC detected spinal leaks in all three patients confirmed by CT myelography; RC identified the CSF leak location in two of three cases, and these were due to osteophytic spicules and/or discs. RC showed only enlarged perineural activity. Only intrathecal gadolinium MR myelography clearly identified a slow leak from a perineural cyst. In eight remaining cases, the leak site was unknown; however, two of these showed indirect signs of CSF leak on RC. CSF slow leaks from perineural cysts were the most common presumed etiology; and the cysts were best visualized on myelography. Conclusion RC is comparable to CT myelography but has spatial limitations and should be limited to atypical cases.
Ionic Bonding, Crystals, and Intermolecular Forces

Formation of a crystal lattice consisting of ions involves the loss of electrons by the metal, acceptance of electrons by the nonmetal, and the interaction of the ions produced. The ionization potential of the metal and the electron affinity of the nonmetal are important properties. The lattice energy is the energy necessary to separate a mole of crystal into the gaseous ions. Arrangement of ions in a crystal lattice depends on the relative sizes of the ions, which controls the number of nearest neighbors (coordination number). Common crystal types are sodium chloride, zinc blende and wurtzite (forms of ZnS), cesium chloride, and calcium fluoride. Molecules that have charge separation are polar, and polar molecules are attracted to each other, and physical properties of the compounds depend on the polarity of the molecules. The cohesion energy of a liquid is reflected by a property known as the solubility parameter, which is useful in interpreting intermolecular forces.
Modern controller approaches for stabilizing constant power loads within a DC microgrid while considering system delays

Requirements and challenges associated with the microgrid are primarily focused upon controller design, communications, standard compliment, and medium voltage power converter design. The growth of power electronic load regulation creates circumstances for constant power load behavior to arise in microgrid power systems. Constant power loads have an inherent destabilizing effect where linear and nonlinear control approaches have been proposed to resolve this problem. In this article, a set of powerful, linear modern control approaches are used to account for unstable poles integral to the constant power load and non-minimum phase zeros provided by system time delays. An examination is conducted by using model matching techniques to handle the negative incremental impedance of the load and time delay developed between the local measurement and controller action to deliver power to the load.
The Seismic Threat to the Gibe III Dam: A Disaster in Waiting

The Gibe III dam is located near the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER), the seismically active northern arm of the East African Rift (EAR), which is capable of producing large magnitude, destructive earthquakes. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Regional Office for Central and East Africa estimates there is a 20 % risk of 7 or 8 magnitude earthquakes occurring within the next 50 years in the MER. Earthquakes of these magnitudes pose significant threat to dams, through direct collapse or landslides triggering collapse. Collapse of the Gibe III dam would result in catastrophic loss of human life, livestock, wildlife and environments in the downstream riverine and Lake Turkana regions, exceeding the worst known dam failure in history—the Vaiont disaster in Italy. Even more moderate seismic events, combined with highly probable major landslides, sediment buildup and pressure from impounded water behind the dam threaten dam stability. The GOE discounts the seismic danger to the planned Gibe III dam, ignoring key geological information. The international development banks and bilateral agencies engaged with feasibility and impact studies as well as funding of the project—directly and indirectly—also ignore available data pointing to major seismic risk.
A Waldenström amyloidoma

![Figure][1] A 67-year-old woman presented with generalized lymphadenopathy (maximum standardized uptake value 3.2). Serum protein electrophoresis/immunofixation showed 2 small immunoglobulin M (IgM)–λ paraproteins (0.47 and 0.62 g/dL). Quantitative serum immunoglobulins and free light
Ultra-wide bandgap AlGaN channel MISFET with polarization engineered ohmics

We report on the first ultra-wide bandgap Al 0.75 Ga 0.25 N channel metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MISFET) with heterostructure engineered ohmic contacts. The large breakdown field of AlN (12 MV/cm) and the superior device figures of merit make wider bandgap AlGaN attractive for the next-generation RF power amplifiers and switches [1]. However, a critical challenge preventing advancement in high composition AlGaN-based devices is the high resistance of ohmic contacts, due to the large ionization energy of dopants and the low electron affinity of AlN, both of which increase tunneling barrier for electrons. In this work, we use reverse polarization-graded n++ AlGaN contact layers to achieve a record low contact resistance (Rc) of 0.3 Ω.mm to 75 nm thick n-Al 0.75 Ga 0.25 N channel, translating in a specific contact resistance (ρsp) of 1.9×10−6 Ω.cm2. We then demonstrate the first ultra-wide bandgap Al 0.75 Ga 0.25 N channel MISFET with gate-recessed structure, employing polarization-graded contacts and Atomic Layer Deposited Al 2 O 3 as the gate-dielectric.
Genetics of Skeletal Evolution in Unusually Large Mice from Gough Island.

Organisms on islands often undergo rapid morphological evolution, providing a platform for understanding mechanisms of phenotypic change. Many examples of evolution on islands involve the vertebrate skeleton. Although the genetic basis of skeletal variation has been studied in laboratory strains, especially in the house mouse Mus musculus domesticus , the genetic determinants of skeletal evolution in natural populations remain poorly understood. We used house mice living on the remote Gough Island—the largest wild house mice on record—to understand the genetics of rapid skeletal evolution in nature. Compared to a mainland reference strain from the same subspecies (WSB/EiJ), the skeleton of Gough Island mice is considerably larger, with notable expansions of the pelvis and limbs. The Gough Island mouse skeleton also displays changes in shape, including elongations of the skull and the proximal vs. distal elements in the limbs. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in a large F 2 intercross between Gough Island mice and WSB/EiJ reveals hundreds of QTL that control skeletal dimensions measured at 5, 10, and/or 16 weeks of age. QTL exhibit modest, mostly additive effects, and Gough Island alleles are associated with larger skeletal size at most QTL. The QTL with the largest effects are found on a few chromosomes and affect suites of skeletal traits. Many of these loci also colocalize with QTL for body weight. The high degree of QTL colocalization is consistent with an important contribution of pleiotropy to skeletal evolution. Our results provide a rare portrait of the genetic basis of skeletal evolution in an island population and position the Gough Island mouse as a model system for understanding mechanisms of rapid evolution in nature.
The political economy of employment: a framework for a more pluralistic, real world labour economics course

This paper seeks to provide a broad and flexible framework for instructors wishing to develop an issue/problem-oriented, pluralistic undergraduate labour economics course as a supplement or alternative to traditional micro-economics-based courses. This approach suggests using contemporary work on the changing structure of employment as the focusing topic of the course, setting the stage for the introduction of economic history, alternative theoretical perspectives, industry studies and descriptive statistics, the stories and experiences of individual workers, as well as experiential learning experiences. Although the specific course applications presented are focused on the US experience, this approach provides opportunities for international comparisons.
Non-chemical Risk Assessment for Lifting and Low Back Pain Based on Bayesian Threshold Models.

Abstract Background Self-reported low back pain (LBP) has been evaluated in relation to material handling lifting tasks, but little research has focused on relating quantifiable stressors to LBP at the individual level. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Composite Lifting Index (CLI) has been used to quantify stressors for lifting tasks. A chemical exposure can be readily used as an exposure metric or stressor for chemical risk assessment (RA). Defining and quantifying lifting nonchemical stressors and related adverse responses is more difficult. Stressor–response models appropriate for CLI and LBP associations do not easily fit in common chemical RA modeling techniques (e.g., Benchmark Dose methods), so different approaches were tried. Methods This work used prospective data from 138 manufacturing workers to consider the linkage of the occupational stressor of material lifting to LBP. The final model used a Bayesian random threshold approach to estimate the probability of an increase in LBP as a threshold step function. Results Using maximal and mean CLI values, a significant increase in the probability of LBP for values above 1.5 was found. Conclusion A risk of LBP associated with CLI values > 1.5 existed in this worker population. The relevance for other populations requires further study.
Heart rate, health, and hurtful behavior

Hostility is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. When challenged, individuals high on hostility exhibit a hyperreactive psychophysiological response to stressors, thereby increasing risk for developing cardiovascular disease. However, low resting heart rate (HR) is associated with physical aggression and hostility in children, adolescents, and adults. Based on a community sample of 296 men (mean age = 32.0), we (a) address whether aggression/hostility relates to physical health through relationships with cardiovascular levels at rest and in response to stressors, and (b) determine how relations between aggression and health are altered by including psychophysiological indices in statistical models. The Cook-Medley cynical/hostile attitudes and the Buss-Perry physical aggression and hostility measures assessed aggression. Health was assessed as systolic blood pressure (SBP), report of medical conditions, and a metabolic composite. Reactivity to stressors was assessed with HR, SBP, and diastolic blood pressure. Aggression was negatively related to both resting HR and reactivity. High resting HR and reactivity were, however, positively related to poor health. Thus, the relationship between aggression and HR and reactivity suppressed an overall relationship between high aggression/hostility and poor health. In the presence of covariates for socioeconomic status, race, health behaviors, and medications, the relationship between aggression and health was significantly strengthened when HR level and reactivity were included in models. In sum, at early midlife, low HR among aggressive and hostile individuals is related to less health risk. Aggression and hostility have a deleterious influence on health, but primarily among individuals with higher HR and possibly greater cardiovascular reactivity.
A Policy-Driven Framework for Document Classification and Enterprise Security

In an enterprise, accessing data on the go using several ubiquitous devices is fast becoming the norm. This brings its own set of challenges when dealing with access to sensitive resources. The pervasive nature of these devices makes them ideal candidates for cyber-attacks. The challenge arises in ensuring that devices conform to proper access control requirements. Due to the nature of the cyber-attacks on ubiquitous devices, there is a need to provide dynamic access control to enterprise resources. A system that automatically classifies documents by sensitivity level would be essential to every enterprise. This helps reduce manual document classification that might be prone to errors. To this effect, we propose a framework that automates the security profile detection, access pattern of enterprise resources using text mining, user context, enterprise policies. We also develop a prototype system to elevate the effectiveness of our framework.
Is Paul v. Virginia dead

In this work, we articulate the case for values of insurance liabilities being company dependent. In the process, we identify main factors determining market values of such liabilities, analyze them from the perspective of dependence on the company issuing them, and follow this with a suggested regulatory approach allowing for company independent valuation. Such regulatory approach is in conceptual agreement with the emerging risk-based capital paradigm.
Similarities of the Matching Law to Other Models of Conditioning

The matching law is similar conceptually to a number of conditioning models for they all assume that there is a fixed or limited amount of response strength, associative strength, or attention. Such a “pie” hypothesis implies that an increase in the strength of one response or stimulus will decrease the strength of the remaining responses or stimuli, since the size of the “pie” must remain invariant. Some behavioral phenomena are discussed in terms of this allocation principle.
Energy Storage Arbitrage in Real-Time Markets via Reinforcement Learning

In this paper, we derive a temporal arbitrage policy for storage via reinforcement learning. Real-time price arbitrage is an important source of revenue for storage units, but designing good strategies have proven to be difficult because of the highly uncertain nature of the prices. Instead of current model predictive or dynamic programming approaches, we use reinforcement learning to design an optimal arbitrage policy. This policy is learned through repeated charge and discharge actions performed by the storage unit through updating a value matrix. We design a reward function that does not only reflect the instant profit of charge/discharge decisions but also incorporate the history information. Simulation results demonstrate that our designed reward function leads to significant performance improvement compared with existing algorithms.
Multiple incomplete views clustering via non-negative matrix factorization with its application in Alzheimer's disease analysis

Traditional neuroimaging analysis, such as clustering the data collected for the Alzheimer's disease (AD), usually relies on the data from one single imaging modality. However, recent technology and equipment advancements provide with us opportunities to better analyze diseases, where we could collect and employ the data from different image and genetic modalities that may potentially enhance the predictive performance. To perform better clustering in AD analysis, in this paper we conduct a new study to make use of the data from different modalities/views. To achieve this goal, we propose a simple yet efficient method based on Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) which can not only achieve better prediction performance but also deal with some data missing in some views. Experimental results on the ADNI dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Linear regression with Type I interval-and left-censored response data

Laboratory analyses in a variety of contexts may result in left- and interval-censored measurements. We develop and evaluate a maximum likelihood approach to linear regression analysis in this setting and compare this approach to commonly used simple substitution methods. We explore via simulation the impact on bias and power of censoring fraction and sample size in a range of settings. The maximum likelihood approach represents only a moderate increase in power, but we show that the bias in substitution estimates may be substantial.
Why Welfare Depends on Fairness: A Reply to Kaplow & Shavell

Louis Kaplow and Steven Shavell recently argued in their article, "Fairness Versus Welfare" that legal decision-makers should exclusively apply welfare economics when determining policy, ignoring what they term "fairness" theories (that is, everything other than welfare economics). This paper argues that Kaplow and Shavell's goal of eliminating non-economic discourse from policy debates is not achievable. Because the choice of a social welfare function rests on philosophical (fairness) justifications, and because this choice also determines the policy recommendations produced by welfare economics, I argue that fairness theories are inevitably at the heart of economic analysis. It is therefore impossible to separate the fairness debate from policy analysis and to apply welfare analysis exclusively.
Automated Data Collection for Electron Microscopic Tomography

A fundamental challenge in electron microscopic tomography (EMT) has been to develop automated data collection strategies that are both efficient and robust. UCSF Tomography was developed to provide an inclusive solution from target finding, sequential EMT data collection, to real-time reconstruction for both single and dual axes. The predictive data collection method that is the cornerstone of UCSF Tomography assumes that the sample follows a simple geometric rotation. As a result, the image movement in the x, y, and z directions due to stage tilt can be dynamically predicted with the required accuracy (15nm in x-y position and 100nm in focus) rather than being measured with additional images. Lacking immediate feedback during cryo-EMT data collection can offset the efficiency and robustness reaped from the predictive data collection and this motivated the development of an integrated real-time reconstruction scheme. Moderate resolution reconstructions were achieved by performing weighted back-projection on a small cluster in parallel with the data collection. To facilitate dual-axis EMT data collection, a hierarchical scheme for target finding and relocation after specimen rotation was developed and integrated with the predictive data collection and real-time reconstruction, allowing full automation from target finding to data collection and to reconstruction of 3D volumes with little user intervention. For nonprofit use the software can be freely downloaded from http://www.msg.ucsf.edu/tomography.
Crystal and molecular structure of S-methyl-pentafluorosulfanyl) thiocarbamate

The X-ray structure of S-methyl(pentafluorosulfanyl)thiocarbamate, SF5NHC(O)SCH3, has been determined from three-dimensional diffractometer data and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques. The crystals are monoclinic:P21/m,a=5.008 (5),b=7.811 (2),c=9.348 (4) A, β=99.08 (7)°, andZ=2; finalR=0.046 for 517 observed reflections. The structure comprises hydrogen-bonded (NH⋯O) chains with the component monomers in thecis, cis-conformation, i.e., the arrangement of the nonhydrogen and nonfluorine atoms is nearly planar, the SF5 group and the O are in acis position with respect to the C-NH bond, and the O and the CH3 group are in acis position with respect to the C(O)-S bond. Theoretical methods including MNDO and molecular modeling were used to study the relative stabilities of the four possible conformations of SF5NHC(O)SCH3.
Characterization of the ICCE Repeat in Mammals Reveals an Evolutionary Relationship with the DXZ4 Macrosatellite through Conserved CTCF Binding Motifs

Appreciation is growing for how chromosomes are organized in three-dimensional space at interphase. Microscopic and high throughput sequence-based studies have established that the mammalian inactive X chromosome (Xi) adopts an alternate conformation relative to the active X chromosome. The Xi is organized into several multi-megabase chromatin loops called superloops. At the base of these loops are superloop anchors, and in humans three of these anchors are composed of large tandem repeat DNA that include DXZ4, Functional Intergenic Repeating RNA Element, and Inactive-X CTCF-binding Contact Element (ICCE). Each repeat contains a high density of binding sites for the architectural organization protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) which exclusively associates with the Xi allele in normal cells. Removal of DXZ4 from the Xi compromises proper folding of the chromosome. In this study, we report the characterization of the ICCE tandem repeat, for which very little is known. ICCE is embedded within an intron of the Nobody (NBDY) gene locus at Xp11.21. We find that primary DNA sequence conservation of ICCE is only retained in higher primates, but that ICCE orthologs exist beyond the primate lineage. Like DXZ4, what is conserved is organization of the underlying DNA into a large tandem repeat, physical location within the NBDY locus and conservation of short DNA sequences corresponding to specific CTCF and Yin Yang 1 binding motifs that correlate with female-specific DNA hypomethylation. Unlike DXZ4, ICCE is not common to all eutherian mammals. Analysis of certain ICCE CTCF motifs reveal striking similarity with the DXZ4 motif and support an evolutionary relationship between DXZ4 and ICCE.
All Eggs in One Basket: A Competition-based View of Uncertainty and Technological Specialization

Conventional wisdom suggests that when a firm faces technological uncertainty, it responds by becoming less technologically specialized, so as to remain adaptable to subsequent resolution of this u...
Outcomes at 18 to 22 Months of Corrected Age for Infants Born at 22 to 25 Weeks of Gestation in a Center Practicing Active Management.

Objective To assess the outcomes in actively managed extremely preterm infants after admission to a neonatal intensive care unit. Study design Retrospective cohort of 255 infants born at 22-25 weeks of gestation between 2006 and 2015 at a single study institution. Infants were excluded for congenital anomaly, death in delivery room, or parental request for palliation (n = 7). Neurodevelopmental outcomes were analyzed for 169 of 214 survivors (78.9%) at 18-22 months of corrected age. Outcomes were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U, χ2, or Fisher exact test, where appropriate. In addition, cognitive scores of the Bayley Scales of Infant-Toddler Development (3rd edition) were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Results Seventy infants born at 22-23 weeks of gestation (22 weeks, n = 20; 23 weeks, n = 50) and 178 infants born at 24-25 weeks of gestation (24 weeks, n = 79; 25 weeks, n = 99 infants) were included. Survival to hospital discharge of those surviving to NICU admission was 78% (55/70; 95% CI, 69%-88%) at 22-23 weeks and 89% (159/178; 95% CI, 84%-93% at 24-25 weeks; P = .02). No or mild neurodevelopmental impairment in surviving infants was 64% (29/45; 95% CI, 50%-77%) at 22-23 weeks and 76% (94/124; 95% CI, 68%-83%; P = .16) at 24-25 weeks. Conclusions Although survival was lower in infants born at 22-23 weeks than at 24-25 weeks of gestation, the majority of survivors in both groups had positive outcomes with no or mild neurodevelopmental impairments. Further evaluation of school performance is warranted.
Electrodeposition behavior of homoleptic transition metal acetonitrile complexes interrogated with piezoelectric gravimetry

Homoleptic acetonitrile complexes of first-row transition metal ions are a common product of the detrimental speciation of coordination complexes and organometallic compounds. However, the electrochemical properties of such species are mostly unknown, introducing ambiguities into interpretation of electroanalytical data associated with studies of molecular electrocatalysis. Here, we have cataloged the cyclic voltammetric properties of the solvento complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(I), and Zn(II) in acetonitrile electrolyte, providing information on the cathodic electrodeposition and anodic stripping processes occuring with each ion. The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) has been used to quantify these processes, as well as the rates of the in situ corrosion of electrodeposited materials by the strong organic acid dimethylforamidinium, [DMFH]+. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic results confirm the interpretations of the voltammetric and gravimetric data, and confirm the periodic relationship between the metals. Taken together, the results described here provide an electrochemical roadmap useful in distinguishing currents arising from homogeneous electrocatalysis from currents associated with the redox cycling of secondary heterogeneous materials.
CIS Platin By Continuous Infusion with Concurrent Radiation in Malignant Tumors (A Phase I-II Study)

Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum II (Cis-DDP or Cisplatin) the first of the group of platinum coordination complexes used effectively against some human malignancies, was found, since 1974, to potentiate irradiation effects on experimental tumors (1). Since 1977 Douple and Richmond (2–4) have concluded, based on a number of experimental studies on E coli bacterium (5), V-79 Chinese hamster cells, mouse mammary adenocarcinoma, etc. that cisplatin sensitizes hypoxic cells to radiation, increases DNA susceptability to radiation damage and at the same time inhibits the radiation induced repair of potentially lethally damaged DNA. A convincing experimental demonstration of the radiosensitizing effect of cisplatin was obtained by Kyriazis et al (6) on a human bladder carcinoma implanted in nude mice. The mice receiving both modalities of treatment had a statistical significantly longer response and survival than those receiving radiation alone. Other experimental data suggested that the Cisplatin-Radiation interaction was enhanced when radiation was administered in multiple fractions (7) and that cisplatin could be possibly more effective when administered by continuous infusion because even so it is a phase cycle nonspecific drug, DDP acts preferentially on the G1 phase (8). On clinical grounds preliminary studies (9–11) of cisplatin-radiation combination have used only bolus i.v. administration of the drug. While indicating a favorable trend they have been inconclusive in proving its radiosensitizing effect.
Test-taker reactions to ideal point measures of personality

Ideal point measures of personality, which include moderately worded items, have gained attention from researchers and assessment practitioners due to their potential for more accurately assessing personality relative to traditional dominance measures, which contain only positive and negative items. However, no research of which we are aware has investigated applicant reactions to this new measure type. Given the well-known influence of reactions on applicant and organizational outcomes, knowledge of reactions to ideal point measures will be critical to decisions regarding their use in organizations. The present study compares test-taker reactions to ideal point and dominance personality measures when taken as part of a research study and in a simulated selection context. We hypothesize that test-takers completing the ideal point measure will perceive lower accuracy and higher difficulty relative to a dominance measure, particularly in a simulated applicant condition. We then propose a conditional indirect effect of measure type on overall affective reactions via perceived difficulty and accuracy such that the indirect effect is stronger in the simulated applicant condition. The current study uses a mixed-methods approach. First, in an experimental, factorial design, we manipulate the factors of (a) measure type (dominance vs. ideal point); and (b) instruction set (honest vs. simulated applicant). Results support the hypotheses. Then, we investigate how test-takers’ qualitative explanations of reactions clarify findings. Results reveal that lower perceived accuracy and greater perceived difficulty may be driven by test-takers’ perceptions that responses to ideal point items have ambiguous interpretations. Implications for assessment and personnel selection are discussed.
Teaching Political Science Research Methods Across Delivery Modalities: Comparing Outcomes Between Face-to-Face and Distance-Hybrid Courses

What delivery modality is most effective in teaching undergraduate, political science research methods? Using systematically collected data from two academic terms and employing a quasi-experimenta...
Population responses to a historic drought across the range of the common monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus).

PREMISE Due to climate change, more frequent and intense periodic droughts are predicted to increasingly pose major challenges to the persistence of plant populations. When a severe drought occurs over a broad geographical region, independent responses by individual populations provide replicated natural experiments for examining the evolution of drought resistance and the potential for evolutionary rescue. METHODS We used a resurrection approach to examine trait evolution in populations of the common monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus, exposed to a record drought in California from 2011 to 2017. Specifically, we compared variation in traits related to drought escape and avoidance from seeds collected from 37 populations pre- and post-drought in a common garden. In a parallel experiment, we evaluated fitness in two populations, one which thrived and one which was nearly extirpated during the drought, under well-watered and dry-down conditions. RESULTS We observed substantial variation among populations in trait evolution. In the subset of populations where phenotypes changed significantly, divergence proceeded along trait correlations with some populations flowering rapidly with less vegetative tissue accumulation and others delaying flowering with greater vegetative tissue accumulation. The degree of trait evolution was only weakly correlated with drought intensity but strongly correlated with initial levels of standing variation. Fitness was higher in the post-drought than pre-drought accessions in both treatments for the thriving population, but lower in both treatments for the nearly extirpated population. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results indicate that evolutionary responses to drought are context dependent and reflect the standing genetic variation and genetic correlations present within populations.
The Problem with Value-Based Purchasing

From its inception on October 1, 2012, the Hospital Value-Based Purchasing ("VBP") Program shifted Medicare’s paradigm to emphasize performance over costs in determining hospital reimbursement. Reducing the overall Medicare reimbursement to hospitals by an estimated $1.4 billion for Fiscal Year (“FY”) 2015, the VBP Program was quick to secure the attention of the nation’s health care providers. Technically "budget neutral," the VBP Program will return this same $1.4 billion to hospitals the following year in the form of performance incentives. According to the Federal Government: The program’s "benefits will be seen in improved patient outcomes, safety, and in the patient’s experience of care. However, [the Federal Government] cannot estimate these benefits in actual dollar and patient terms." As the Federal Government waits to assess the accuracy of its prediction, the FY 2015 reduction of 1.50% will finally level off at two percent (2.0%) in 2017. An additional two years, however, are unnecessary to evaluate the VBP Program under fundamental accounting principals when using a general overview into the ways in which successful and profitable companies operate. Viewed from this perspective, the VBP Program is fundamentally flawed, and data from 2015, 2016 or 2017 will not present opportunities for correction. This article suggests that while smaller hospitals may bear the greatest collateral damage from the VBP Program, larger systems will suffer as well. The number of hospitals forced into financial distress or insolvency by the Hospital VBP Program remains to be seen, although consideration should be given to the number of hospitals lost to their communities it would take to undermine the projected benefits relating to outcomes, safety, and the overall patient experience.
Clinical Examination of the Maxillary Sinus

Summary Performance of a competent clinical examination requires the use of a variety of techniques and tests applied in a systematic manner. The information gained in the examination process allows the oral and maxillofacial surgeon to diagnose the common diseases that affect the sinus and to assess risk to the sinus by planned dentoalveolar and reconstructive surgical procedures.
The Last Ascent of Mount Saint Helens

Stephen Sieberson details his last climb of Mt. Saint Helens before it's eruption in 1980. His climbing party may have been the last climbers to stand on the summit before the eruption.
Violence in Armed Conflicts and Natural Disasters: A Link to CSAET

Many Arab states are suffering from the devastating effects of political conflicts, occupation and wars within the region, and particularly in the last 3 years of disturbances. The region also faces challenges of decades-long political conflicts, including the on-going Arab-Israeli conflict, which have resulted in multiple occupations and wars and left the Arab region in a state of instability.
Enhancing Second Harmonic Generation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Through 1D Nanoscrolls

We fabricated MoS 2 nanoscrolls with different chiralities. As a 1D material, MoS 2 nanoscrolls show second harmonic generation (SHG) intensity up to 98 times stronger than that of monolayer MoS 2 , with chirality dependence.
New Dimensions in Studying Sympathetic Nervous System Responses to Stressors

One way or another, all theories about the relationship between stress and cardiovascular disease suggest the importance of sympathetic and adrenal medullary responses. These systems may act as crucial pathogenic links between emotion and cardiac events such as sudden death, coronary artery spasm, angina, congestive heart failure, and hypertension. While such a linkage is plausible, it is nonetheless far from established, partly because of the difficulty of studying sympathetic nervous system activity.