cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Manipulation robustness of collaborative filtering systems

A collaborative filtering system recommends to users products that similar users like. Collaborative filtering systems influence purchase decisions, and hence have become targets of manipulation by unscrupulous vendors. We provide theoretical and empirical results demonstrating that while common nearest neighbor algorithms, which are widely used in commercial systems, can be highly susceptible to manipulation, two classes of collaborative filtering algorithms which we refer to as linear and asymptotically linear are relatively robust. These results provide guidance for the design of future collaborative filtering systems.
Macroscopic Quantum Tunnelling and all that

This paper reviews recent experimental and theoretical work on the question of whether the motion of a macroscopic system can be shown to exhibit quantum-mechanical effects, with particular reference to the possible observation of such effects in Josephson systems. It concentrates primarily on the question of quantum-mechanical tunnelling of a macroscopic variable, paying special attention to recent theoretical work on the effects of the dissipation which must characterize the motion of such a variable.
NON-METALLIC MATERIALS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS,

Abstract : The urgent need for high temperature aerospace materials is hastening the development of the refractory non-metallics, including the carbides, graphites, oxides, borides and beryllides. These materials are discussed with emphasis on high temperature structural applications. A detailed compilation of physical and mechanical property data is presented, aerospace applications described, limitations of the materials reviewed, and promising areas of research outlined. These include (1) the carbide-graphite eutectics for intrinsic thermal shock resistance, (2) the prestressing of oxides for minimizing thermal shock cracking, and, (3) application of pyrolytic graphite at temperatures to 3,000C. (Author)
Measurement of tone in canine colon

We sought to determine whether the proximal colon modifies its capacity to accommodate contents by altering the tone within its wall. In dogs equipped with manometric recorders in the terminal ileum and proximal colon, a highly compliant bag was introduced into the proximal colon. With the use of an electromechanical barostat, the capacity of the colonic segment was monitored at a constant low-distending pressure; the volume of air required to maintain a preset pressure in the bag was recorded by the barostat. During fasting, rhythmic cycles of volume were recorded, with a cycle frequency of approximately 1/min. Importantly, this phenomenon was not related to the simultaneous recording of manometric pressures in the adjacent bowel or to the interdigestive cycle (phase III) in the ileum. Peristaltic-like pressure complexes (recorded manometrically) in the ileocolonic region were associated with receptive relaxation of the proximal colon. Feeding, bethanechol, and morphine reduced volumes accommodated in the bag, presumably by increasing tone in the wall of the colon. Atropine had the opposite effect. These results support the concept that tonic changes in the wall of the proximal colon, which could influence accommodation and storage in the large bowel, are not always recorded by conventional techniques.
Magnetic resonance imaging guided cardiovascular interventions in congenital heart diseases.

The purpose of this article is to present some recent applications of diagnostic and interventional MRI in congenital heart disease. To date x-ray-based techniques have been the norm for most diagnostic and therapeutic applications. With the advent of ultrafast MRI and the development of MRI-compatible catheters and guide wires, the goal of achieving real-time guidance by MRI for interventions in congenital heart diseases has proven feasible. We briefly review the latest advances in cardiovascular MRI, and the development of MR-compatible devices for diagnostic and therapeutic applications such as ASD closure and pulmonary artery dilation. (J Interven Cardiol 2003;16:143–147)
Corporate taxation and international competition

Introduction Many countries tax corporate income heavily despite the incentives that they face to reduce tax rates in order to attract greater investment, particularly investment from foreign sources. The volume of world foreign direct investment (FDI) has grown enormously since 1980, thereby increasing a country's ability to attract significant levels of new investment by reducing corporate taxation. The evidence indicates, however, that corporate tax collections are remarkably persistent relative to gross domestic product (GDP), government revenues, or other indicators of underlying economic activity or government need. If this were not true – if corporate income taxation were rapidly disappearing around the world – then such a development might be easily explained by pointing to competitive pressures to attract foreign investment and retain domestic investment. Hence, the question remains why growing international capital mobility has not significantly reduced reliance on corporate income taxation. There are at least three possible resolutions of this puzzle, of which the simplest is that the continued taxation of corporate income at high rates reflects the politics of tax policy formation. Corporate taxation may be popular because its incidence is so uncertain, leading large numbers of voters and various interest groups to conclude that others, and not they, bear the burden of this tax. If this political phenomenon is important, then it would explain why greater international capital mobility might not be accompanied by sharp tax reductions around the world.
RHEOLOGY AND TEXTURE OF COMMERCIAL QUESO FRESCO CHEESES MADE FROM RAW AND PASTEURIZED MILK

Queso Frescos made in Mexico from raw milk (RM) were compared with cheeses made in Mexico and the U.S.A. from pasteurized milk (PM) to determine textural and rheological differences. RM cheese, considered the ideal Queso Fresco, contained more moisture than PM cheeses, displayed higher cohesiveness and shear strain and exhibited lower hardness and shear stress. The U.S.-made cheeses were harder and more brittle and crumbly than the Mexican cheeses. The shear stress decreased as fat content increased in all samples, and the shear strain decreased as the pH increased in the Mexican cheeses. An understanding of the differences between the RM and PM versions should allow cheese makers to adjust manufacturing procedures so that PM Queso Fresco cheeses will meet consumer expectations. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Hispanic cheeses such as Queso Fresco are gaining in popularity in the U.S.A. The milk for making Queso Fresco in the U.S.A. must be pasteurized, and the resulting cheese is perceived by some consumers to be inferior in flavor and texture to the traditional variety made from raw milk. Queso Fresco samples made in Mexico from both kinds of milk and made in the U.S.A. from pasteurized milk were analyzed to see if there were differences in texture, structure, and the ability to twist and break pieces of the cheese. The cheeses made in the U.S.A. contained less moisture and were too hard, crumbly, and brittle when compared to the raw milk cheeses. The differences observed should enable U.S. companies to make Queso Fresco with properties close to those of the raw milk variety.
Ultrasonic Attenuation in Bismuth at Low Temperatures

The attenuation of ultrasonic waves in bismuth has been measured at frequencies between 12 and 84 Mc/sec for various orientations. The magnetic field dependence of the attenuation at low temperatures exhibits three distinct oscillatory components and a saturation region at fields between 5 and 1600 oersteds. A simple interpretation of the salient features of the observations is presented. In particular, the effective mass parameters of the electrons have been determined from the periods of the geometric resonance and de Haas-van Alphen oscillations. A method of measuring the maximum Fermi velocity in a given direction is described, and the results of such a measurements are used to determine an independent value of the Fermi energy. Some data on the temperature and frequency dependence of the zero-field attenuation are included.
A General Extension Theorem for Binary Relations

Abstract A general theorem on “extending” binary relations to linear (or strict linear) orders is proved. The well-known result that every partial order can be written as the intersection of linear orders in which it is embedded is obtained as a special case, as are several other extension theorems of this type. Using duality arguments, a number of results on the composition of binary relations are proved. For example, a complete, negatively transitive relation is the union of all linear orders embedded within it. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: C60.
Northern High-Latitude Precipitation as Depicted by Atmospheric Reanalyses and Satellite Retrievals

Abstract Monthly precipitation based on forecasts from the new 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) is evaluated for the north polar region (the region north of 45°N), the terrestrial Arctic drainage, and its four major watersheds: the Ob, Yenisey, Lena, and Mackenzie basins. Corresponding evaluations are performed for precipitation from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, the earlier 15-yr ERA (ERA-15), and satellite-derived estimates from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). Evaluations rely on an improved gridded dataset of precipitation derived from monthly gauge data during the period 1979–93. The available number of gauges has declined since 1993, making it difficult to perform evaluations for later years. ERA-40 depicts monthly precipitation much better than NCEP–NCAR. This is with respect to both lower mean biases and higher squared correlations between modeled and observed grid-cell time series. Squared correlations between monthly time series of ERA-40 and observed precipitation, averaged over...
Elevated Cardiac Troponin I and Functional Recovery and Disability in Patients After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage experience myocardial injury at the time of rupture, but its effect on functional recovery and disability is unclear.
FOREARM FRACTURES IN CHILDREN

A prospective survey of over 1,000 forearm fractures in children is presented. Individual fracture patterns are considered and specific complications and methods of treatment are discussed. Conservative treatment produces satisfactory results in the majority of fractures, provided that it is done with care and the patients are adequately followed up.
Impurities in Ultracold Fermi Gases

I will discuss how artificial impurities in ultracold Fermi gases can be used to probe the physical properties of the system.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum. VI. Microsomal Ca2+ Transport in Genetic Muscular Dystrophy of Mice

SummaryThe Ca2+ transport capacity of microsomes isolated from skeletal muscles of genetically dystrophic mice was significantly less than that of the control.
Fluoroscopically placed percutaneous gastrostomies in the head and neck patient

Objective: At our institution, percutaneous gastrostomy tubes have been inserted under fluoroscopic guidance (fluoroscopic cutaneous gastrostomy [FPG]), thereby avoiding the need to traverse the pharynx and esophagus with a large-bore esophagoscope. For this reason, placement in the postoperative patient does not jeopardize the surgical reconstruction. Methods: Thirty-five patients underwent percutaneous gastrostomy placement under fluoroscopic guidance. These included 12 patients whose cervical esophagus could not be entered safely because of a lesion in the head neck, 11 patients who had recently undergone resection of a head and neck cancer with pharyngeal reconstruction where traditional percutaneous enteral gastrostomy (PEG) placement was contraindicated, and two patients with postoperative fistulae. Results: Thirty-four of 35 patients underwent successful gastrostomy or gastrojejunostomy placement. One patient had an intrathoracic position of the stomach, and one patient required repeat placement because the tube dislodged 5 days after insertion. No tube occluded. Conclusions: Percutaneous gastrostomy under fluoroscopic guidance (FPG) is an effective, safe method for access for prolonged enteral feeding of the patient whose cervical esophagus cannot be accessed for a variety of reasons. It also allows the safe placement of a gastrostomy catheter when the patient's postoperative course becomes complicated and prolonged enteral nutrition is required.
Reactivity of UH3 with mild oxidants

Addition of 2 equiv of I2 to a stirring suspension of UH3 in Et2O results in vigorous gas evolution and the formation of UI4(OEt2)2 (1), which can be isolated in good yields as an air- and moisture-sensitive brick-red powder. Addition of 3 equiv of AgBr to UH3 in DME produces UBr3(DME)2 (2), while addition of 4 equiv of AgX to UH3 in DME–CH2Cl2 provides UX4(DME)2 (X = Br, 3; Cl, 4). Similarly, the reaction of 4 equiv of AgOTf with UH3 in neat DME generates U(OTf)4(DME)2 (5). Each of these reactions proceeds with the evolution of hydrogen. Complex 1 can also be generated by reaction of 4 equiv of Me3SiI with UCl4 in Et2O. All complexes were fully characterized, including analysis by X-ray crystallography.
Motion sickness. How to help your patients avoid travel travail.

PREVIEWMotion sickness is a common response to real and perceived movement through the environment. Although this malady is often joked about, symptoms can be serious and, for some people, incapacitating. Dr Gahlinger describes the physiology of motion sickness, discusses the mechanism and efficacy of common remedies, and offers recommendations for appropriate management.
Split onlay skin flap for the salvage hypospadias repair.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Following failed hypospadias repair absence of the penile foreskin, a shortage of ventral skin and residual chordee may all contribute to poor long-term results. We describe a technique called the split onlay skin (SOS) flap that has improved our surgical outcomes in boys requiring salvage hypospadias repair. Materials and Methods: The SOS flap uses a transverse island of penile shaft skin that is mobilized on its vascular pedicle and rotated into position to the ventrum of the penis at the site of the urethral defect. The flap is transected transversely, and half of the flap is used as an onlay to repair the urethra and the other half is used for additional skin coverage where needed on the penile shaft. We treated 11 boys 30 to 124 months old (mean age 60.3 months) who had a mean of 2 previous failed hypospadias repairs. All 11 boys presented with complex combinations of urethrocutaneous fistulas, stricture or urethral diverticula. Results: Of the 11 patients 6 (54.5%) had development of postoperative fistulas. Five of these fistulas were surgically closed with no further complications. One penoscrotal fistula closed spontaneously after 7 months. Mild chordee from contraction of the flap and a urethral diverticulum developed in 1 boy. At a mean followup of 24.5 months all patients, including those who underwent closure of the secondary fistula, were voiding well with excellent appearance. Conclusions: In cases where little local tissue is present the SOS flap procedure is an excellent way to transfer healthy dorsal tissue to the ventrum for an onlay salvage urethroplasty while providing additional coverage of the urethral defect and a tension-free skin closure. Despite the high fistula rate we encountered following the initial SOS procedure, we endorse this technique because the transferred dartos provides additional tissue, which facilitates subsequent fistula repair. These boys can achieve a successful cosmetic result without incorporation of scrotal tissue or a free graft, which we believe leads to more predictable results.
Interactive, visual fault localization support for end-user programmers

End-user programmers are writing an unprecedented number of programs, primarily using languages and environments that incorporate a number of interactive and visual programming techniques. To help these users debug these programs, we have developed an entirely visual, interactive approach to fault localization. This paper presents the approach. We also present the results of a think-aloud study that examined interactive, human-centric issues that arise in end-user debugging using a fault localization approach. Our results provide insights into the contributions such approaches can make to the end-user debugging process.
Offshore Oil Platforms: An Invaluable Ecological Resource

Hard substrates created by oil platforms in the Gulf of Mexico and Santa Barbara Channel provide a significant portion of the hard bottom habitat that is essential for the encrusting organisms that form the base of a complex food web. These substrates, the platforms' high profile and open structure, and their creation of excellent habitats and breeding grounds from the sea floor through the splash zone expand the numbers, diversity and range of many desirable fish, shellfish and other organisms. The presence of 20-50 times more fish under and around a platform than in nearby soft bottom areas acts as a strong lure for sport anglers, commercial fishermen and sport divers. Mariculture has also become an important activity. The current requirement that platforms be entirely removed once production operations have ceased threatens to cause the loss of many habitats. However, it has also spawned a rigs-to-reefs movement, whose goal is to convert a number of the platforms into permanent artificial reefs.
Organization of projections from the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus to the hypoglossal nucleus in the rat: an experimental light and electron microscopic study with axonal tracer techniques

The organization of projections from the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (PSN) to the hypoglossal nucleus (XII) in the rat was investigated at the light and electron microscopic level with retrograde and anterograde axonal tracer techniques. Microiontophoretic injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into XII resulted in retrograde labeling of neurons confined to the dorsal one-third of the PSN. Labeled neurons were found bilaterally, although a clear preponderance for ipsilateral distribution was evident. Most labeled neurons were found in the medial one-third and caudal two-thirds of the PSN. Labeled neurons were large (30–50 μm), round-to-pear shaped multipolar cells with dendrites oriented primarily in the mediolateral direction. At the electron microscopic level, HRP reaction product was found throughout the cytoplasm of soma and processes of PSN projection neurons. The ultrastructural characteristics of these cells included a round, centrally placed nucleus and invaginated nuclear envelope, sparse Nissl bodies, numerous free ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes and Golgi complexes. Three to four main stem dendrites gradually tapered from the cell body and numerous synaptic terminals impinged upon soma and dendrites of labeled PSN neurons. Microiontophoretic injection of tritiated amino acids or HRP into the dorsal one-third of the PSN resulted in moderately dense terminal labeling in XII bilaterally, although mainly ipsilaterally. Terminal labeling was found diffusely throughout all regions of XII. Fibers descended the brainstem in the dorsolateral reticular formation and entered XII ventrolaterally. At the electron microscopic level, boutons containing HRP reaction product were found to synapse on dendritic processes in XII. Labeled boutons were characterized by clear, spherical vesicles and an asymmetrical postsynaptic density. The significance of these results are discussed in relation to oro-lingual motor behavior.
Factors affecting recurrence rates after prostatectomy or radiotherapy in localized prostate carcinoma patients with biopsy Gleason score 8 or above.

confidence interval [CI] 38 ‐52%) and 31% (95% CI 20 ‐ 42%), respectively. The 5-year bRFS rates for iPSA 10 or less versus. iPSA above10 were 66% (95% CI 54 ‐78%) versus 31% (95% CI 22‐ 40%), respectively (P 0.001). The 5-year bRFS rates for use of androgen deprivation versus no androgen deprivation were 62% (95% CI 52‐72%) versus 35% (95% CI 27‐ 42%), respectively (P 0.001). The 5-year bRFS rates for RT patients versus RP patients were 47% (95% CI 38 ‐57%) versus 42% (95% CI 31‐53%), respectively (P 0.051). For RT patients, the 5-year bRFS
The misplaced controversy about internal consumption: Not just a direct selling phenomenon

Abstract Internal consumption in the direct selling industry has been at the heart of many debates over the past couple of decades. In this article, we contend that internal consumption is a widespread practice at all levels of the distribution channel and not something limited to the direct selling or the multilevel marketing (MLM) retail arena. While government regulators in some countries attempt to use this practice in MLM as prima facie evidence of illegal pyramiding, the results presented here provide evidence of the widespread use of internal consumption in all aspects of retailing. Thus, to attribute internal consumption as a negative aspect solely within the direct selling marketplace shows a misplaced understanding with regard to personal use, discounts, and company recruiting efforts. At the same time, however, our research shows that discounted purchasing of product for personal use likely brings little value to the company since it does not appear to result in increased job satisfaction or organizational loyalty from either the affected employees or the customer base.
Labor Rights and Foreign Direct Investment: Is There a Race to the Bottom?

As global awareness of human rights continues to increase, the practices and investment decisions of multinational corporations have come under increased scrutiny. This is particularly the case with labor rights. Popular arguments concerning a “race to the bottom” abound, though a growing amount of scholarship portrays a more positive relationship between foreign capital and such rights. Yet empirical studies have yielded mixed results. To clarify the linkages between labor rights and foreign direct investment (FDI), we add to the extant literature in two ways. First, we take into account the reciprocal relationship between FDI and labor rights. Second, as FDI is a heterogeneous phenomenon, we assess these linkages across three different industrial sectors. Our findings show that there is a significant relationship between labor rights and FDI, though its exact nature varies across sectors.
Multiscale recurrence analysis of long-term nonlinear and nonstationary time series

Abstract Recurrence analysis is an effective tool to characterize and quantify the dynamics of complex systems, e.g., laminar, divergent or nonlinear transition behaviors. However, recurrence computation is highly expensive as the size of time series increases. Few, if any, previous approaches have been capable of quantifying the recurrence properties from a long-term time series, while which is often collected in the real-time monitoring of complex systems. This paper presents a novel multiscale framework to explore recurrence dynamics in complex systems and resolve computational issues for a large-scale dataset. As opposed to the traditional single-scale recurrence analysis, we characterize and quantify recurrence dynamics in multiple wavelet scales, which captures not only nonlinear but also nonstationary behaviors in a long-term time series. The proposed multiscale recurrence approach was utilized to identify heart failure subjects from the 24-h time series of heart rate variability (HRV). It was shown to identify the conditions of congestive heart failure with an average sensitivity of 92.1% and specificity of 94.7%. The proposed multiscale recurrence framework can be potentially extended to other nonlinear dynamic methods that are computationally expensive for large-scale datasets.
A structural hermeneutics of The O'Reilly Factor

There has been a significant rise in opinion and talk-based programming on American cable news channels since the mid-1990s. These news analysis programs are often politically partisan in their interpretive approach. This article examines one of the most prominent and popular of these shows, The O’Reilly Factor using the theoretical tools of structural hermeneutics. The program produces a radically simple and partisan schema for interpreting the news, but to do so it relies on the constructed persona of the host, a complex underlying meaning structure formulated around binary oppositions, and a number of rhetorical techniques. The show simplifies, but is not itself simple. To simplify the news in a way that suggests partisan conclusions that still seem relevant rather than cartoonish, individual episodes and segments of the show frame issues in terms of a meaning structure that leads strongly to partisan conclusions, but affords an appearance of the reasonable consideration of diverse views. It is suggested that this kind of deep analysis of meaning structures is important for making sense of how news analysis programs and mediated partisanship function as a cultural system.
Fuel treatment effects on soil chemistry and foliar physiology of three coniferous species at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, California, USA

A full factorial design crossing overstory (O) and understory (U) thinning and prescribed burning (B) was started at Teakettle Experimental Forest, California, in 2001 with the aim of achieving shifts in species composition to favor fire-resistant pines over fir. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the use of metabolic changes as early indicators for predicting the effects of these treatments on species-specific growth and long-term productivity of Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus lambertiana, and Abies concolor. Foliar polyamines, amino acids, soluble proteins and chlorophyll were quantified and related with foliar and soil chemistry. Most changes in soil chemistry occurred only with combined treatments (BU or BO). Changes in foliar metabolism were not driven by soil chemistry. In general, the pines were more sensitive to water stress as compared to fir as indicated by proline content. Understory thinning had no effect on any species. Both O and BO had species-specific effects on foliar amino acids, chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and inorganic ions. In addition, both O and BO were the most extreme thinning treatments for pines as they greatly increase the time needed to replenish carbon stocks. With the exception of some amino acids, B by itself had no major effects on foliar inorganic ions, chlorophyll content, and polyamines for any of the three species while BU caused a decrease in chlorophyll in white fir, suggesting a decline in photosynthetic capacity. These data point to BU as the best management option to specifically decrease the growth of fire-sensitive white fir without a major impact on pines.
Moments of order statistics and L-moments for the symmetric triangular distribution

Abstract We obtain compact forms and recommend computationally efficient expressions for the moments of order statistics from the symmetric triangular distribution. We provide large sample moment approximations for the sample minimum and discuss the properties of L -moments. We also apply our results to a problem in smart communication networks.
Production, Characterization, and Utilization of Aerosol-Deposited Sol−Gel-Derived Films

A new aerosol-based deposition method, for the production of sol−gel-derived films under ambient conditions, has been developed. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and N-octyltriethoxysilane (TrEOS-C8)-derived sol−gel-processed films were produced using the new technique and compared to films produced by a conventional spin-casting approach. All films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. Sol−gel-derived films produced using the aerosol-based method were uniform, and their thickness could be controlled between 0.6 and at least 3.0 μm. Spin casting of the neat sol−gel-processed solutions generally yielded more thick (2.0 ± 0.10 μm) films, but these thicker films were of poorer optical quality and very often more highly cracked. ESCA data demonstrate surface segregation of the C8 moiety within the TrEOS−C8-derived films. This...
Small Business Development and Nonmetropolitan Job Growth in Georgia

To assess development potential of small business, this research examines the age and size characteristics of nonmetropolitan firms and the contribution of business ‘births,’‘deaths,’ expansions, and contractions to job growth. Analysis of data derived from the federal-state unemployment insurance program in Georgia indicates that firms employing fewer than 100 workers account for 44.3 percent of private sector nonfarm employment in nonmetropolitan counties. Overall, the mix of small and large firms remained quite stable over the five year study period. The dynamics of job creation and loss differed dramatically by enterprise size and manufacturing/nonmanufacturing sector. Three segments of the business population contributed most to rural job growth: very small continuing firms, large manufacturing establishments, and non-manufacturing businesses owned by large enterprises. The paper concludes with a discussion of economic development policies that may enable rural communities to capitalize on these business demographic trends.
Seven Salutary Suggestions for Counselor Stamina

Counselor stamina is deemed essential in the midst of a consistently challenging, complex, and changing mental health care environment. Rather than perpetuating conversations about “burnout” and “burnout prevention,” this article provides a salutary or health-promoting perspective. Seven suggestions for counselor stamina are presented and discussed, based on a review of the literature and the author's reflections on clinical practice today. Each suggestion corresponds to 1 of the 7 letters in the word stamina.
Neighborhood-level collaborative fair charging scheme for electric vehicles

There are increasing numbers of electric vehicles (EV) on roads and plugged into the power grid. The total number of these vehicles operating in the US is projected to reach 15% of all vehicles in service within the next 20 years. This trend brings a huge challenge to the current electric grid system in terms of power reliability and quality. It would be prohibitively expensive to just upgrade and increase transmission and distribution system capacity to meet the demands of these EVs without appropriate management and control. To address this issue, we present a distributed, collaborative neighborhood-level scheme for controls of EV chargers. The proposed scheme allocates the power to EV chargers in a fair fashion and ensures that the distribution infrastructure would not be over loaded. In addition, the proposed control scheme allows to follow demand response signals released by utilities in a collaborative way. A simple implementation, which benefits both utilities and residential users, is provided and tested. This paper also discusses the potential use of the proposed scheme for other controllable electrical appliances in residential houses.
High temperature oxidation of propene

An ignition delay correlation is established for propene-oxygen-argon mixtures on the basis of over 100 experiments with component concentrations being in the ranges of 0.6-1.6 percent for propene and 2.7-14.4 percent for oxygen diluted in argon. Temperatures in the range of 1274-1840 K were achieved, with average initial pressures ranging from 50 to 133 torr. Furthermore, standard numerical solutions were obtained using LSODE and CHEMEQ integration techniques, covering 59 reactions and 29 species. The partial agreement between the results indicates that the scheme used is adequate but incomplete. Two possible oxidative path-determining loops were identified, though neither was found conclusively superior to the other.
Hospital And ED Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Dementia Varies By Setting And Proximity To Death

Hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits for people with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders are of particular concern because many of these patients are physically and mentally frail, and the care delivered in these settings is costly. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study linked with Medicare claims from the period 2000–08, we found that among community-dwelling elderly fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries, those who had dementia were significantly more likely than those who did not to have a hospitalization (26.7 percent versus 18.7 percent) and an ED visit (34.5 percent versus 25.4 percent) in each year. Comparing nursing home residents who had dementia with those who did not, we found only small differences in hospitalizations (45.8 percent versus 41.9 percent, respectively) and ED use (55.3 percent versus 52.7 percent). As death neared, however, utilization rose sharply across settings and by whether or not beneficiaries had dementia: Nearly 80 percent of community-dwe...
Hamlet, the Heike and the Fall of Troy

This essay explores some of the ways in which the Ryutopia Company's 2007 production of Hamlet reimagines Shakespeare's play as a global, intercultural work. The production's innovative approach to the First Player's speech on the death of Priam (2.2.453–500), here played in a style that evokes the performance traditions of the recitation of the central epic of Japan, the Tale of the Heike, creates a dialogue not only between Hamlet and its contemporary Japanese adaptation, but also between the epic texts and performance traditions of Japan and Shakespeare's own epic sources, especially the Aeneid. The essay also considers the Ryutopia Hamlet in the light of recent scholarship, including Margreta de Grazia's “Hamlet” without Hamlet, in which the epic affiliations of the play are reconsidered.
Evidence for confinement improvement by velocity-shear suppression of edge turbulence.

The electrostatic fluctuations are decorrelated in the region of a naturally occurring ${\mathbf{E}}_{\mathit{r}}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}B velocity shear close to the outermost closed flux surface of regular Ohmic TEXT discharges. The concomitant local steepening of the density profile and suppression of the fluctuations are consistent with theoretical predictions. The high-confinement mode found in other tokamaks shows, in exaggerated form, similar characteristics, and could thus be related to the same mechanism leading to a locally improved confinement.
A comparison of salts for the crystallization of macromolecules

Thirty-one proteins and viruses that we knew from our own experience could be crystallized, or had been reported to have been crystallized by others, were investigated. In this experiment, each protein or virus was subjected to a crystallization screen of 12 different salts, each titrated to pH 7.2 beforehand, at concentrations ranging from 20% saturation to 90% saturation. Eight macromolecules failed to crystallize at all from any salt and were omitted from consideration. From the remaining 23 proteins, each salt was scored according to how many proteins and viruses it successfully crystallized. Among several results, one was particularly striking. Sodium malonate clearly was much more successful than any other salt, resulting in the crystallization of 19 of the 23 macromolecules, almost twice as effective as the next most successful salt, which was a draw between sodium acetate, sodium tartrate, sodium formate, and ammonium sulfate (11 of 22). The high success rate of sodium malonate in producing crystals was even more impressive when an overall unique success rate with individual macromolecules was considered.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in newborn respiratory failure: Technical consideration

ECMO support has been evaluated in 29 newborn infants with respiratory failure. Lung function improved in 16 and 13 surivived. Important technical factors include venoarterial bypass with full support capability, careful measurement and treatment of coagulation and platelet status, and a skilled and experienced team. Detecting high risk infants early in life is important. Intracranial bleeding is the most common cause of death.
Plasticity of the adult avian song control system.

: There is extensive plasticity of the song behavior of birds and the neuroendocrine circuit that regulates this behavior in adulthood. One of the most pronounced examples of plasticity, found in every species of seasonally breeding bird examined, is the occurrence of large seasonal changes in the size of song control nuclei and in their cellular attributes. This seasonal plasticity of the song circuits is primarily regulated by changes in the secretion and metabolism of gonadal testosterone (T). Both androgenic and estrogenic sex steroids contribute to seasonal growth of the song system. These steroids act directly on the forebrain song nucleus HVC, which then stimulates growth of its efferent target nuclei transsynaptically. Seasonal growth and regression of the song circuits occur rapidly and sequentially following changes in circulating T and its metabolites. As the neural song circuits change across seasons, there are changes in different aspects of song behavior, including the structural stereotypy of songs, their duration, and the rate of production. The burden of evidence supports a model in which changes in song behavior are a consequence rather than a cause of the changes in the song circuits of the brain. Seasonal plasticity of the song system may have evolved as an adaptation to reduce the energetic demands imposed by these regions of the brain outside the breeding season, when the use of song for mate attraction and territorial defense is reduced or absent. The synaptic plasticity that accompanies seasonal changes in the song system may have acted as a preadaptation that enabled the evolution of adult song learning in some species of birds.
Facilitating the Development and Evaluation of a Citizen Science Web site: A Case Study of Repeat Photography and Climate Change in Southwest Alaska's National Parks

Interviews with national park visitors across the country revealed that climate change education through place-based, hands-on learning using repeat photographs and technology is appealing to park visitors. This manuscript provides a summary of the development of a repeat photography citizen science Web site for national parks in Southwest Alaska. Lessons learned from interviews on the Web development process are summarized to inform similar future projects: (a) Hold a face-to-face meeting in the same location with the whole research group, (b) Provide a central document accessible to the entire group listing tasks completed and to be accomplished, (c) Create a well-developed marketing plan to promote Web site, and (d) Incorporate evaluation components throughout the process to ensure clear communication.
Exchange coupling and high-temperature transport in M(phthalocyanine)I conductors

From our analysis of the magnetic susceptibility in M(pc)I organic conductors, we are able to extract a carrier-mediated exchange interaction for ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ spins in the alloy ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}(\mathrm{pc})\mathrm{I}$. We find that ${J}_{\mathrm{ed}}\ensuremath{\approx}300$ K. We also show that residual magnetic impurities must be present to account for the observed experimental trends. At high temperatures, we argue that the experimentally observed positive magnetoresistance is consistent with the standard semiclassical correction $({\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}\ensuremath{\tau}{)}^{2}$, indicating that in this regime, transport is diffusive and three dimensional.
Polymers from Hexafluoropropylene Oxide (HFPO)

Abstract Mechanistic and kinetic studies of the polymerization of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) initiated by monofunctional and difunctional liquid catalysts have led to a working understanding of the processes involved. Careful control of reaction conditions with perfluorinated cesium alkoxide initiators and perfluorinated olefin diluents permits the synthesis of cleanly difunctional poly-HFPO. These polymers undergo a wide variety of chemical reactions at the acyl fluoride end groups and lead to chain extended and cross-linked high polymers with outstanding thermal and chemical resistance.
CYCLOSPORIN IN THERAPEUTIC DOSES INCREASES RENAL ALLOGRAFT VASCULAR RESISTANCE

In fourteen renal transplant patients converted from cyclosporin to azathioprine for financial reasons renal blood flow was greater and renal vascular resistance lower after conversion. These changes occurred without any change in serum creatinine. This finding suggests that the renal allograft vasoconstriction induced by cyclosporin occurs before evidence of nephrotoxicity and that the vasoconstriction is reversible. Renal allograft recipients had cyclosporin-induced haemodynamic changes even early (2 weeks) after transplantation, when the allograft is still denervated. These findings may explain the increased sensitivity to other nephrotoxic agents and hypertension observed in cyclosporin-treated patients.
GIS Applications in Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: A Case in Brown County, Indiana

ABSTRACT Since tourism has a close relationship with space and geography, using geographic information systems (GIS) in tourism and hospitality research and marketing practice seems both relevant and potentially effective. However, GIS applications, especially in tourism and hospitality marketing, have been limited to date, presumably because of a lack of familiarity with GIS and its benefits. This paper explores potential GIS applications through the five-step PRICE system model of tourism and hospitality marketing developed by Morrison (2002). Next, a case study is presented in which GIS is applied in a destination market analysis for Brown County, Indiana, USA. Three major conclusions were drawn from the review and case study.
Intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma--frequency and demographic patterns: thirty-year data from the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.

Purpose Recent reports have shown an increase in frequency of intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) with a stable or decreased frequency of extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHC). However, data on the demographic patterns associated with this change are limited. We analyzed cases of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) with aim to study frequency and demographic patterns over time of IHC and EHC.
Interaction of Tn5 transposase with the transposon termini.

Transposition of Tn5 requires the binding of the transposase protein to the transposon outside end (OE) DNA sequences. Transposase mutants that increase the transposition frequency result in the formation of two distinct transposase/OE DNA complexes, observed by gel retardation analysis. The slower migrating complex I, also formed by wild-type transposase, contains protein oligomers of transposase and transposase related proteins. The faster migrating, novel complex II is caused by the binding of monomeric, proteolytic transposase fragments γ and δ that have lost the carboxy-terminus of the protein. Transposase γ and δ bind OE DNA with a high apparent affinity but are unable to promote transposition in vivo. We propose that the transposase protein is functionally unstable and can undergo a conformational change that reduces the activity but protects the protein from proteolysis. The transposase mutants favor the more active but proteolytically hypersensitive protein conformation.
A renal cell carcinoma with components of both chromophobe and papillary carcinoma

We report a case of a morphologically unusual renal cell carcinoma with features of both chromophobe and papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of high molecular weight cytokeratins (HMWCK), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 19 (CK19), c-Kit, and α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) demonstrated differential profiles for the two components of the tumor, consistent with the respective patterns commonly observed for pure chromophobe and papillary renal cell carcinomas. Specifically, the chromophobe tumor cells expressed CK7 and c-Kit weakly, while HMWCK, CK19, and AMACR were not detectable. In contrast, the papillary tumor cells expressed uniformly HMWCK, CK7, and c-Kit and focally CK19 and AMACR. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of nuclei isolated from paraffin-embedded tumor tissue detected monosomy 1, disomy 7, and monosomy 17, a common and characteristic finding in chromophobe carcinomas, in a majority of, but not all tumor cells, whereas a population characterized by disomy 1, trisomy 7, and trisomy 17, a frequent finding in papillary carcinoma, was not identifiable. Electron microscopic analysis revealed numerous characteristic small cytoplasmic vesicles in the chromophobe areas, which were absent in the papillary component. This case illustrates the rare coexistence of two distinct and admixed histologic types of renal cell carcinoma.
Hormonal Activity May Predict Aggressive Behavior in Neuroblastoma

Overproduction of catecholamines (dopamine [DA], norepinephrine [NE]) and their metabolites (homovanillic [HVA] and vanillylmandelic [VMA] acids) characterizes neuroblastoma (NB). In previous studies, increased urinary DA/NE, and DA/VMA ratios have been associated with poor prognosis, whereas low DA/NE ratios have been associated with longer disease-free survival. Higher urinary VMA, HVA, and NE levels have been found in association with low MYCN amplification, in contrast to cases with high MYCN amplification in which normal levels have been found. It is then believed that an “immature” catecholamine pattern indicates poor prognosis. We correlated urinary DA, NE, VMA, and HVA levels with age, clinical tumor stage, histological features (favorable [FH]/unfavorable [UH]) and MYCN status of 33 patients with NB. DA/VMA and DA/HVA ratios were also calculated. Wilcoxon rank sum and chi-squared tests were performed to determine statistical significance. Eighty-eight percent (15/17) of stage 3–4 cases had DA levels >2 times the upper limit of normal, but only 8% (1/12) of stage 1–2 cases had DA levels twice the upper limit of normal. In 61% (11/18) of stage 3–4 cases, the VMA level was >10 times the upper limit of normal, in contrast to stage 1–2 cases, in which only one patient (1/15) had a VMA level >10 times the upper limit of normal. Similar findings were obtained with urinary HVA and NE. Patients older than 12 months of age at diagnosis also had higher urinary levels of DA, VMA, HVA, and NE than those of patients younger than 12 months of age at diagnosis. Eighty-two percent (14/17) of stage 3–4 cases had DA/VMA ratios 12 months of age). In contrast, all stage 1–2 cases (12) had ratios 1.4, but in all FH cases (14/14) the DA/VMA ratio was 12 months, stage 4, UH, and MYCN amplification). A seemingly novel observation in our study is that all high DA/HVA and DA/VMA ratios were obtained in stage 4 tumors, suggesting an association between the inability to metabolize DA and the acquisition of metastatic potential. On the basis of our results, we would like to emphasize the importance of determining not only DA, HVA, and VMA urinary levels, to support the diagnosis of NB, but also DA/HVA and DA/VMA ratios as a rapid initial assessment of prognosis in these patients.