cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Competitive equilibria in general choice spaces

Abstract This paper primarily demonstrates the existence of Arrow-Debreu equilibria in a general class of topological vector spaces of commodity bundles. Two conditions based on production possibilities, preferences, and the topological nature of bounded sets are shown to substitute, in any locally convex space, for the advantages of the Euclidean topology. Examples fulfilling these conditions are supplied. The approach is that of Bewley, demonstrating equilibria on finite dimensional sub-economies and establishing a net of these equilibria that converges to an equilibrium on the whole commodity space. An example of equilibrium with a storage technology is given. An auxiliary result concerns the price support of efficient allocations.
Electrolyte effects on a nearly second order nematic-isotropic phase transition in a micellar liquid crystal

The phase diagram and results from magnetic susceptibility measurements in the isotropic phase are presented for the lyotropic liquid crystal cesium perfluoro octanoate+water in the presence of an added salt CsCl. Based upon the evolution of the Cotton-Mouton coefficient and in the context of an Onsager-type calculation we speculate on the micellar conformation as a fonction of electrolyte concentration Diagramme de phase et mesures de susceptibilite magnetique de la phase perfluorooctanoate de cesium+eau en presence de sel de CsCl. Structure des micelles en fonction de la concentration d'electrolyte
Epidermal Cell Culture Using Sephadex Beads Coated With Denatured Collagen (Cytodex 3)

Abstract Epidermal cell culture using microcarriers of Sephadex beads coated with denatured collagen (cytodex 3) was performed. Epidermal basal cells (above 95%) obtained from human skin by trypsinization were cultivated statically on the beads in 96-well culture plates. Proliferation was rapid and great in synchronous waves during 2–7 days after inoculation. The growth rate depended on the inoculation cell population densities. When cells were inoculated at 7.75 × 10 4 /well, the maximum increase was 3.6-fold and at 1.69 × 10 4 /well and 0.32 × 10 4 /well, 2.5-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively. Differentiation was assessed visually on a hemocytometer. The percentage of basal cells of the total cells present in each well was reduced from 98% (on inoculation) to approximately 25% in a week and thereafter. In 1 month after inoculation, cells with keratohyaline-like granules were observed at 12%. The attachment of cells to the beads was rather loose. Cells were supposed to be attached to denatured collagen on the beads via fibronectin contained in the serum of the medium, because denatured collagen had the property to bind strongly to fibronectin. Loose attachment made it possible to harvest intact cells without the use of trypsin. This cell culture system with such new characteristics will be a useful tool for studying epidermal cell biology and biochemistry.
Christmas in the Missions of Northern New Spain

In 1982, native historian Joe Sando vividly described the Christmas season at Jemez Pueblo in northern New Mexico. Throughout the pueblo, figures of the Christ Child lay on display in homes in prominent, specially-decorated areas representing the stable in Bethlehem. During his childhood, Sando remembered that Hemish families roasted corn in their fireplaces, while elders drew pictures of wild game animals and birds, as well as important crops, on the wall next to the fireplace, in hopes that the birth of Christ would also result in the birth of the animals and plants drawn on the wall. In Jemez today, although the roasting of corn and drawings on the fireplace walls have been replaced by the exchange of gifts and watching television, some seasonal customs continue. Pine logs for communal bonfires rest neatly in square piles in front of each home. Christmas Eve bonfires attract the newborn Infant Jesus, and children gleefully play and dance around them. When the fires die out, the Hemish return to their homes to await midnight mass. After mass at the church, worshipers follow the newborn Infant in procession through the community. The next morning, as the first rays of daylight become visible in the east, animal dancers appear on the hilly skyline to the east and southwest. By the time the sun leaves the eastern horizon, the animals have arrived in the village, gathering in front of the drummers, who sing welcoming songs. The people arrive to welcome the animals, who process to the plaza, where they dance all day.
Dynamics of multiple-row simplified fuselage structures using a finite element - decaying wave method

A finite element - decaying wave method is used to determine the frequency response of various simplified fuselage structures. The structures examined in this work are flat, damped, periodic panel-stringer-frame configurations, of various widths and lengths, under hinged boundary conditions. Where possible, results from response plots are compared with those in the literature, and trends concerning the frequency response of multiple-row structures are shown. The solution method used is a combination of a finite element - transfer matrix method and a wave propagation approach, which gives it certain advantages over a standard finite element or transfer matrix technique.
Adoptive transfer of murine autoimmune orchitis to naive recipients with immune lymphocytes

Abstract A protocol was developed for reproducibly transferring experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) to naive recipient mice. Cell donors were (C57BL/6 × A/J)F1 mice immunized about 14 days earlier with mouse testicular homogenate with Freund's adjuvant and an extract of Bordetella pertussis. Lymphocytes from lymph nodes and spleens were equally capable of transferring disease. As few as 5 × 106 cells were able to transfer EAO, which began on Day 5–7 after transfer. Infiltrate of lymphocytes and macrophages in the region of the rete testis and straight tubules was the most reproducible early lesion, suggesting that this is the initial site of T cell-antigen interaction. It was not necessary to use both Mycobacteria and B. pertussis adjuvants in donor immunization to achieve transfer of EAO. Disease transfer was antigen specific since only cells from donors immunized with TH could transfer disease. In vitro stimulation of the cells with testicular antigens and/or concanavalin A was a prerequisite to successful transfer of EAO, which was dependent on the presence of L3T4+ T cells since depletion of these cells greatly diminished EAO in recipients and the lymphocyte proliferation response to testicular antigens. Disease did not depend on an antibody response by the recipients. The results imply that effector cells, once generated by immunization and fully activated or selected by in vitro stimulation, can home to specific locations in the testis, locate relevant autoantigens, and cause disease.
The PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 elicits differentiation of M2c-like cells and upregulation of the MerTK/Gas6 axis: a key role for PPAR-γ in human macrophage polarization.

The nuclear receptors PPAR-γ and LXRs regulate macrophage lipid metabolism and macrophage mediated inflammation. We examined the influence of these molecules on macrophage alternative activation, with particular focus on differentiation of “M2c” anti-inflammatory cells. We cultured human monocytes in M0, M1, M2a or M2c macrophage differentiating conditions, in the presence or absence of PPAR-γ and LXR ligands. Flow cytometry was used to analyze membrane expression of phenotypic markers. Basal and LPS-stimulated production of soluble mediators was measured by ELISA. Efferocytosis assays were performed by coincubating monocytes/macrophages with apoptotic neutrophils. We found that PPAR-γ inhibition, using the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662, elicits differentiation of M2c-like (CD206+ CD163+ CD16+) cells and upregulation of the MerTK/Gas6 axis. Exposure of differentiating macrophages to IFN-γ, GM-CSF or LPS (M1 conditions), however, hampers GW9662 induction of MerTK and Gas6. When macrophages are differentiated with IL-4 (M2a conditions), addition of GW9662 results into an M2a (CD206+ CD209+ CD163− MerTK−) to M2c (CD206high CD209− CD163+ MerTK+) polarization shift. Conversely, in the presence of dexamethasone (M2c conditions), the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone attenuates CD163 and MerTK upregulation. The LXR agonist T0901317 induces MerTK independently of M2c polarization; indeed, CD206, CD163 and CD16 are downregulated. GW9662-differentiated M2c-like cells secrete high levels of Gas6 and low amounts of TNF-α and IL-10, mimicking dexamethasone effects in vitro. However, unlike conventional M2c cells, GW9662-differentiated cells do not show enhanced efferocytic ability. Our results provide new insights into the role of PPAR-γ and LXR receptors in human macrophage activation and reveal the existence of different patterns regulating MerTK expression. Unexpectedly, PPAR-γ appears to negatively control the expansion of a discrete subset of M2c-like anti-inflammatory macrophages.
What controls au nanoparticle dispersity during growth

Nanoparticles are critical in diverse nanotechnological areas. Their physical and chemical properties are essentially determined by their size, shape, and dispersity, but the underlying mechanisms that determine these are generally poorly understood. Herein, we focus on the electronic structure and solvation properties of the Au−thiolate capping agents (AunMBAn) used in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and whose accepted function is to stump growth. By DFT calculations we show that they exhibit “magic” number, electronic configuration, and stability for n = 4 and 8. By Molecular Dynamics simulations, we learn that in water−methanol solution the dominant species is the Au4MBA4 complex, in a conformation stabilized by hydrogen bonds. We argue that the solvent has a multifunctional role: the water acts via hydrogen bonding as a “molecular locker” stabilizing particular conformers, while the methanol prevents polymeric growth of the AunMBAn complexes. A plausible growth mechanism conducive to the formation...
An experimental investigation of coaxial turbulent jets

Abstract The flow field generated by two coaxial jets was investigated experimentally with hot-wire anemometers. The area ratio between the external and internal nozzle was varied as well as the velocity issuing from each of the nozzles. The distribution of the mean velocities, turbulence intensities, and shear stresses were determined for the various cases. The development of the flow field and its approach to a self-preserving state is discussed. The Reynolds numbers based on the nozzle diameters varied from 0 to 10s and the velocities were low enough that the flow can be considered incompressible.
On the development of a grid-enhanced single-phase convective heat transfer correlation

Abstract A new single-phase convective heat transfer augmentation correlation has been developed using single phase steam cooling experimental data obtained from the Penn State/NRC Rod Bundle Heat Transfer (RBHT) facility. New findings of physical significance have been identified in evaluating the RBHT steam cooling data. The results clearly indicate that the grid-enhanced heat transfer depends not only on the grid blockage ratio but also on the flow Reynolds number. The latter is found to have a strong effect on the process of flow restructuring. Existing correlations currently employed in transient analysis codes, though accounted for the effect of grid blockage ratio, did not include the Reynolds number effect. The new correlation developed in the present study which adequately accounts for the effect of Reynolds number on the maximum heat transfer augmentation at the grid and the rate of decay of the grid-enhanced heat transfer in the downstream locations correctly captures the physics of flow restructuring as the flow passes through a spacer grid. The present work represents the first attempt to quantitatively account for the dependence of the grid-enhanced heat transfer on the flow Reynolds number that had not been considered in previous studies.
Properties of intense ion beams from pinch-beam diodes

Summary form only given. Properties of pulsed ion beams from a pinch-beam diode on the Gamble II generator are being evaluated with several different diagnostics. An intense 1to 2-MeV ion beam is extracted from the diode through a 2-/spl mu/m thick Kimfol and transported up to 2.2 m in 1-Torr air. Multiple-pinhole-camera, Thomson-parabola-ion-analyzer, Rutherford-scattering, and step-wedge-filter diagnostics are fielded in the gas region to determine ion-beam properties. Uniformity of ion emission from the polyethylene anode and ion-beam divergence are determined with a multiple pinhole camera located 0.5 m from the anode. Images recorded on radiachromic film indicate extremely non-uniform emission from the anode and a beam divergence of 0.12 to 0.16 rad. Beam composition is determined with the Thomson parabola ion analyzer located about 2 m from the polyethylene anode in order to sample ions from the 10-cm-diam anode. The beam is primarily protons with a carbon fraction of <1%. When the transport region is at 10/sup -4/ Torr, a carbon component is observed. Beam fluence and pulse duration are determined by measuring protons Rutherford-scattered from small-area, thin, aluminum foils located at distances of 0.4 to 2.2 m from the anode.
Trends in the supply of inpatient rehabilitation facilities services: 1996 to 2004.

Abstract Mallinson TR, Manheim LM, Almagor O, DeMark HM, Heinemann AW. Trends in the supply of inpatient rehabilitation facilities services: 1996 to 2004. Objectives Describe the supply of inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) services in 1996 and examine changes between 1996 and 2004, including the impact of the IRF prospective payment system (PPS) in 2002 on organizational trends. Design Retrospective pre-post design. Setting Freestanding and subprovider (distinct-part units) IRFs. Participants IRFs (N=1424), including 257 freestanding IRFs and 1167 IRF units reported in the Healthcare Cost Report Information System database, from years 1996 to 2004. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Number of IRF openings, IRF closures, beds, and inpatient days. Results The number of IRFs grew from 1037 to 1183 between 1996 and 2001 and grew to 1235 between 2001 and 2004. The likelihood of IRF closures trended lower after PPS, and there was a significant increase in the likelihood of openings when PPS was introduced. For-profit, rural, and small IRFs were more likely to open over the entire period. There was a 12.9% increase in the number of total inpatient days, somewhat less than the 15.7% growth in IRF beds over the period. There was no impact of PPS on beds available but a significant decline in total inpatient days after PPS. Conclusions Inpatient days rose under the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act and declined after 2002. Yet the likelihood of openings and closures did not appear to respond to these changes, perhaps because they were modest compared with changes in local IRF markets. The IRF PPS did little to affect service distribution in less well-served areas, although we did find growth in rural areas. Occupancy rates in 2004 were close to rates at the start of the period (70%). This observation implies that IRFs were implementing strategies to recruit a sufficient number of patients, even though bed numbers were increasing and length of stay was declining. Consequently, policy that limits the potential of IRFs to increase patient admissions, such as the limits on admissions to IRFs of patients with conditions other than those included in the 75% rule, is likely to produce substantial decreases in total inpatient days.
Moral Residue: Difficult Ethical Choices in the Treatment of Refractory Anorexia Nervosa

The case of a 30-year-old woman with treatment refractory anorexia is presented through a first person narrative and countertransference experience. The case study attempts to explore how ethical treatment decisions are made, while also addressing how we live with those choices.
Only by virtue of its torah

Intermarriage is but one of the many indicators of Jewish assimilation and secularization. While there are those who contend that intermarriage does not constitute a danger to Jewish demographic continuity, the weight of evidence points in the opposite direction. Various tactical solutions have been proposed to cope with the problem and many of these are likely to have a positive impact. However, in the long run the most powerful response is one of reconnecting Jews with Torah, their traditional religious culture. Thus, the solution to the demographic question resides in the revival of the holy community predicated on a sense of transcendent obligation.
Clinical Analysis of 42 Patients with Bilateral Vestibulopathy

Background and ObjectivesZZTo find out the causative factors and clinical features of bilateral vestibulopathy in the Korean population. Subjects and MethodZZThe data of 42 patients (mean age: 55.04±18.87 years) with bilateral vestibulopathy were reviewed retrospectively between 1997 and 2009. We carried out a full neurotological examination, electronystagmography, a bithermal caloric test, a rotatory chair test, cranial imaging and laboratory studies. ResultsZZNineteen patients (45.24%) were diagnosed as having secondary bilateral vestibulopathy with causative factors. The most common cause was ototoxic drug (14.29%). Other etiologic causes were labyrinthitis, temporal bone fracture, Meniere’s disease, peripheral neuropathy and meningitis/encephalitis. Forty-five percent of all patients had symptoms that lasted less than 1 month, and about 43% of the patients presented with chronic progressive symptoms of over 1 year. ConclusionZZIn about 54% of all patients, we couldn’t find any causative factors leading to bilateral vestibulopathy. Because a large subgroup of patients had a history of dizziness over one year, an adequate number of studies on vestibular and cerebellar function are recommended for patients of chronic dizziness to exclude bilateral vestibulopathy. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2010;53:71-6 Key WordsZZVestibular neuropathy·Vestibular function test.
Fighting the Union in a "Union Friendly" Company The AT&T/NCR Case

This article examines the efforts of the Communications Workers of America (CWA) to organize the workers of the NCR Corporation after it had been acquired by AT&T. It documents extreme "union busti...
Scheduling with Uncertain Resources: Search for a Near-Optimal Solution

We describe a system for scheduling a conference based on incomplete information about available resources and scheduling constraints. We explain the representation of uncertain knowledge, describe a local-search algorithm for generating near-optimal schedules, and give empirical results of automated scheduling under uncertainty.
Role of mediator in transcriptional activation by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binds many aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and mediates their carcinogenesis. We demonstrate that the endogenous AHR physically associates with the endogenous TRAP/DRIP/ARC/Mediator complex in a ligand-dependent manner. The Med220 subunit, which is known to interact with several nuclear hormone receptors through its LXXLL motifs, potentiates AHR-dependent reporter gene activity in an LXXLL-independent manner. Depletion of Med220 substantially reduces endogenous AHR-mediated transcription from the mouse cytochrome P4501A1 gene (CYP1A1). Both Med220 and CDK8 (another subunit of TRAP/DRIP/ARC/Mediator) are recruited to the CYP1A1 enhancer in a TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin)-dependent fashion in vivo, and Med220 LXXLL motifs are not required. Med220 rapidly and persistently associates with the enhancer but not the promoter of the CYP1A1 gene after TCDD treatment with similar kinetics as AHR and the coactivators p300 and p/CIP. Our findings demonstrate a novel role for Med220 in AHR-regulated transcription that differs mechanistically from its role in transcriptional regulation by other previously studied transcription factors.
Variational Principles for Describing Chemical Reactions: The Fukui Function and Chemical Hardness Revisited

The fundamental principles of density functional theory are applied to achieve a better understanding of various theoretical tools for describing chemical reactivity. Emphasis is given to the Fukui function, the central site reactivity index of density functional theory, which is approached through its own variational principle. A maximum hardness principle is then developed and discussed. To make contact with an earlier proof of a maximum hardness principle, changes in chemical potential are considered.
Mechanical rejuvenation in polymer glasses: fact or fallacy?

There has been considerable interest in the impact of mechanical stresses on the thermodynamic state of glassy materials over the past quarter century—beginning with Struik's hypothesized erasure of ageing by large stresses. In particular, there has been a recent application of the ideas of erasure or rejuvenation in the general literature on glasses and glass-like substances. For this reason we here examine the evidence for and against rejuvenation and show several sets of data that argue strongly against rejuvenation or erasure of ageing as viable explanations for the interactions between large mechanical stimuli and the structure of the glass. Two particular experimental conditions are of significance here. First, measurements that are made in the sub-yield region and close to the glass transition allow the direct measurement of the evolution of the glassy response both with and without applying any stress. For example, in torsional dilatometry experiments where the volume recovery is measured simultaneously and in the same apparatus as the mechanical response, it is found that the baseline volume recovery is unaffected by the applied stress. The second class of experiments has been post-yield experiments, where the rejuvenation hypothesis is more difficult to reject. However, observations that post-yield ageing leads to evolution into a different 'equilibrium' state as measured by the recovered yield stress suggest that yielding does not rejuvenate the glass, but it may lead to a sort of polyamorphism or new deformation induced phase. We also present results of mechanically induced 'implosion' in polymers far below the glass temperature that suggest that mechanical stimuli may actually accelerate ageing rather than rejuvenating the glass. Finally, the origins of the power-law dependence on ageing time (also termed elapsed or waiting time) of the mechanical relaxation time are discussed, and the use of the elapsed time as a natural variable to describe ageing is shown not to be appropriate for structural glasses.
Thermoacoustic oscillations in combustion chambers of gas turbines

This paper presents an overview of thermoacoustic oscillations in modern gas turbine combustors with premixed combustion. In conventional combustors a substantial percentage of air enters downstream of the primary zone of combustion. As a consequence, the liners of conventional combustors are very powerful sound attenuators. In a modern premixing combustor effectively all of the air enters through the burners, and there is almost no sound attenuation downstream of the primary zone of combustion. The combination of this problem with the difficulties to stabilize premixed flames has led to a situation where thermoacoustic stability has become the key issue of modern combustion technology. The relative importance of a variety of self-excited oscillations and oscillations that are forced by aerodynamic instabilities is investigated. It is found that the two leading excitation mechanisms are associated with periodic (lean) extinction and with vortex rollup in the primary zone of combustion. For the latter case a simple combustor model is used to study the amplification effects due to resonant wave motion and coincidence of mechanical eigenfrequencies of combustor walls with excitation frequencies.
Methanol electro-oxidation by a ternary Pt–Ru–Cu catalyst identified by a combinatorial approach

Abstract Composition optimization of the ternary Pt–Ru–Cu system for the methanol electro-oxidation reaction (MOR) was performed by combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput screening methods. A thin film library of the Pt–Ru–Cu system was prepared by a sputtering system to generate 63 different compositions. The compositions were characterized in parallel by a multichannel multielectrode analyzer. The highest MOR activity was observed for the Pt 66 Ru 17 Cu 17 composition. The Pt 66 Ru 17 Cu 17 /C composition was synthesized and characterized as a powder catalyst to verify the performance of this new composition. During cyclic voltammetry tests, the Pt 66 Ru 17 Cu 17 /C catalyst showed less dissolution and irreversible oxidation of Ru than a Pt 50 Ru 50 /C catalyst, with increasing number of cycles. In MOR activity measurement experiments, the Pt 66 Ru 17 Cu 17 /C catalyst exhibited 26 and 86% higher activities in cyclic and chronoamperometric tests, respectively, than those of the Pt 50 Ru 50 /C catalyst.
Synaptic plasticity mediating cocaine relapse requires matrix metalloproteinases

Relapse to cocaine use necessitates remodeling excitatory synapses in the nucleus accumbens and synaptic reorganization requires matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) degradation of the extracellular matrix proteins. We found enduring increases in MMP-2 activity in rats after withdrawal from self-administered cocaine and transient increases in MMP-9 during cue-induced cocaine relapse. Cue-induced heroin and nicotine relapse increased MMP activity, and increased MMP activity was required for both cocaine relapse and relapse-associated synaptic plasticity.
Myxothiazol resistance in human mitochondria.

Abstract We have investigated electron transfer activities of respiratory chain complexes in platelet mitochondria of a patient with intermittent ataxia and lactic acidosis who was previously reported to be deficient in the E1 (decarboxylase) component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Electron transfer from succinate to cytochrome c was normal, but the mitochondria exhibited moderately decreased (63% of control) quinol:cytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity, suggesting a defect in complex III. Consistent with some perturbation in complex III, electron flux through complex III was resistant to inhibition by myxothiazol compared to normal controls. In contrast, titration with antimycin revealed a less abnormal pattern of inhibition. The extreme specificity of myxothiazol binding at or near the quinol oxidase domain of mitochondrial cytochrome b, i.e., b-566, suggests a defect in this region of complex III which may perturb the kinetics or thermodynamics of quinol oxidation in the complex. These data suggest that the patient's illness results from a mutation in the quinol oxidase domain of mitochondrial cytochrome b (b-566).
Excitatory amino acid modulation of lordosis in the rat

Microinfusion of the excitatory amino acid agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) into the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) significantly reduced lordosis in estrogen plus progesterone-treated female rats at 10 min post-infusion with recovery to pretest values by 30 min (P less than .05; Wilcoxon). Microinfusion of the specific NMDA antagonist D,L2-amino-5-phosphonopentoic acid (AP-5) into the same sites was without effect on lordosis responding of fully receptive females. There was also a significant increase in the number of females vocalizing to mounts by males after infusion of NMDA but not after infusion of AP-5 into the MBH. When NMDA was infused into the preoptic area (POA) there was no effect on lordosis responding of full receptive females, but AP-5 infusion resulted in a significant inhibition of lordosis at 10 min post-infusion. There was no difference between groups in percentage of females vocalizing after drug infusion into the POA. These results suggest that increased excitatory amino acid activity in the MBH and decreased excitatory amino acid activity in the POA inhibits lordosis behavior.
AN IMPROVED HIGH YIELD SYNTHESIS PROCEDURE AND REACTIVITY OF W6S8(4-TERT-BUTYLPYRIDINE)6

In this paper, we report a high-yield procedure for the synthesis of isolated W6S8(4-tert-butylpyridine)6 clusters from isolated tungsten chloride clusters. We also show that the 4-tert-butylpyridine ligand can be exchanged with triethylphosphine and piperidine.
PERF - A new approach to the experimental study of radiative aerodynamic heating and radiative blockage by ablation products

The present work describes a facility designed to validate the various aspects of radiative flow field theory, including the absorption of shock layer radiation by ablation products. The facility is capable of producing radiation with a spectrum similar to that of an entry vehicle shock layer and is designed to allow measurements at vacuum ultraviolet wavelengths where the most significant absorption by ablation products is predicted to occur. The design concept of the facility is presented along with results of theoretical analyses carried out to assess its research potential. Experimental data obtained during tests that simulated earth and Venusian entry and in which simulated ablation products were injected into the stagnation region flow field are discussed.
Cognitive tempo and children's human figure drawings.

Recent research ( 2 ) has shown a relationship between conceptual impulsivity and children's visual-motor integration ability as measured by the Bender-Gestalt test. Impulsive children displayed significantly more errors in figure reproductons than did reflective children. The present study was designed to investigate further the role of impulsivity-reflectivity in children's drawings. Ninety-one kindergarten children were administered the Marching Familiar Figures test and the Human Figure Drawing. The subjects were divided into two extreme groups of impulsive and reflective scorers. The Former included 28 subjects who fell above the median of 23 errors and below the median of 85 sec. of response time on the matching test for their age group. The latter were 28 subjects who fell below the median on errors and above the median on response time for their age group. In scoring their drawings Koppitz's ( 3 ) Developmental Scoring System, Emotional Indicators for ages 5 to 1 2 yr. and a more specific scoring system comprised of those signs thought to be indicators of impulsivity (poor integration of parts, shading of neck. figure slanting. transparencies, tiny head, monster or grotesque figure, and omission of neck) were employed. Biserial correlations for total indicants as well as individual chi squared analyses for each indicant were computed. All correlations were low (TI,,. .05). These find~ngs suggest that the human figure drawings may be a useful general screening tool since draw~ng does not seem to be biased against cognitively impulsive children as other tests have been shown to be (1, 2 ) .
Re-entrant Motion in Special Relativity

I BELIEVE that Dr. Phipps is mistaken in his assertions (1) that the round trip velocity vr.t. of a point on the edge of a rotating disk, defined by vr.t. = ωr = 2πr/T, where T is the period, is not equal to the instantaneous edge velocity, v, and (2) that ωr can become greater than c, the velocity of light.
Daily Assessment of Marital Satisfaction: A Review and Integration of Three Procedures

Abstract Behavioral clinicians and researchers in the area of marital therapy often require ongoing assessment of the level of marital satisfaction on a daily basis. Three assessment devices reported for this purpose in the literature are discussed with regard to their advantages and limitations. A procedure which incorporates the advantages of each is recommended.
Vaginal microbial flora and outcome of pregnancy

Background The vaginal microflora of a healthy asymptomatic woman consists of a wide variety of anaerobic and aerobic bacterial genera and species dominated by the facultative, microaerophilic, anaerobic genus Lactobacillus. The activity of Lactobacillus is essential to protect women from genital infections and to maintain the natural healthy balance of the vaginal flora. Increasing evidence associates abnormalities in vaginal flora during pregnancy with preterm labor and delivery with potential neonatal sequelae due to prematurity and poor perinatal outcome. Although this phenomenon is relatively common, even in populations of women at low risk for adverse events, the pathogenetic mechanism that leads to complications in pregnancy is still poorly understood.
Designing and conducting tabletop exercises to assess public health preparedness for manmade and naturally occurring biological threats.

Background Since 2001, state and local health departments in the United States (US) have accelerated efforts to prepare for high-impact public health emergencies. One component of these activities has been the development and conduct of exercise programs to assess capabilities, train staff and build relationships. This paper summarizes lessons learned from tabletop exercises about public health emergency preparedness and about the process of developing, conducting, and evaluating them.
Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide in cattle

The bioavailability of metoclopramide was investigated in three steers following administration of 8 mg/kg by the oral, abomasal (cannula), and intravenous routes, using a Latin square design. The mean (+/- SD) oral and abomasal bioavailabilities were 51.3 +/- 30.7% and 76.2 +/- 15.5%, respectively. The mean value for clearance (Cl) was 20.1 +/- 5.9 ml/min and the volume of distribution (Vd) was 0.51 +/- 0.19 l/kg. Additional pharmacokinetic parameters for metoclopramide were determined following intravenous administration to seven cows. A predominate two-compartment model of distribution was found in six cows with a t 1/2 alpha harmonic mean of 24.2 min and a range of 11.2-72.4 min, a t 1/2 beta harmonic mean of 53.1 min and a range of 31.1-134.1 min, a Cl of 42.2 +/- 8.7 ml/min, and a Vd of 2.1 +/- 0.8 l/kg. To better define the relationship between metoclopramide concentration and release of prolactin, a treatment-by-subjects infusion study was conducted in which four different loading doses followed by constant infusion were used. A steady-state metoclopramide concentration (MCPss) of 8.8 +/- 2.6 ng/ml was associated with a three-fold elevation of prolactin to a mean value of 12.1 +/- 3.1 ng/ml in six yearling steers. Steady state serum prolactin concentrations (PRLss) did not rise significantly above 23.3 +/- 6.9 ng/ml, even when MCPss reached a concentration of 518.5 +/- 151.2 ng/ml. The short half-life, moderate Vd, low minimum pharmacologically effective concentration, and rapid Cl found for metoclopramide in cattle in this study, suggest that a continuous release device could potentially be useful in the application of this drug in the prevention and treatment of fescue toxicosis.
PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR WINTER OPERATIONS

New winter maintenance vehicles are being equipped with differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) receivers and numerous sensors that collect environmental data (e.g., pavement and air temperature), equipment status data (e.g., plow up, plow down), and material usage data (e.g., salt application rate). These data can be both telemetered to a dispatch center and recorded on magnetic media for later downloading. Data are transmitted and recorded as often as every 2 s. Such data, both type and quantity, have only recently become available. Vehicles were instrumented with the reasonable expectation that information can be used to improve winter maintenance. As a result, these technology demonstration projects tend to be guided by loosely defined try-and-see data requirements. Now, with the availability of these data, agencies are beginning to explore the possibilities for improving the performance of winter maintenance operations. A comprehensive set of performance measures for winter maintenance that can be computed from data collected by DGPS receivers and sensors on winter maintenance vehicles is described. The performance measures are indicators of how well winter maintenance operations meet and satisfy expectations. Consideration of the business goals and objectives determined during a series of meetings with state transportation agency professionals from all levels, including winter operations engineers, county commissioners, patrol supervisors, and program managers, led directly to identification of the performance measures. Consequently, the measures directly tie to the business processes and performance of operations. After baseline values of the measures are established, changes in performance can be related to cost of the technology.
Anchored homogeneous catalysts: the role of the heteropoly acid anchoring agent

Heteropoly acids (HPAs) are used to anchor catalytically active homogeneous complexes to supports by an interaction between the HPA and the metal atom of the complex. In an attempt to determine the nature of the HPA/metal bonding several substrates were hydrogenated using chiral and achiral complexes anchored to alumina by the commercially available Keggin HPAs, phosphotungstic acid (PTA), phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), silicotungstic acid (STA) and silicomolybdic acid (SMA). It was found that the nature of the HPA can have a significant influence on both the activity and selectivity of reactions run using these HPA anchored homogeneous catalysts. The results obtained indicate that there is a direct interaction between the HPA and the metal atom of the active organometallic complex. While these data do not unequivocally establish that there is a bond between the metal atom and an oxygen on the surface of the HPA, the extent to which the activity and selectivity change when different HPAs are used as anchors is more like what would be expected when one uses a series of ligands attached to the metal atom rather than changing the counterions associated with a charged organometallic species.
The effects of L-dopa on the activity of methionine adenosyltransferase: relevance to L-dopa therapy and tolerance.

L-dopa, the major treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), depletes S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). Since SAM causes PD-like symptoms in rodents, the decreased efficacy of chronic L-dopa administered to PD patients may result from a rebound increase in SAM via methionine adenosyl transferase (MAT), which produces SAM from methionine and ATP. This was tested by administering intraperitoneally saline, or L-dopa to mice and assaying for brain MAT activity. As compared to controls, L-dopa (100 mg/kg) treatments of 1 and 2 times per day for 4 days did not significantly increase MAT activity. However, treatments of 1 and 2 times per day for 4 and 8 days did significantly increase the activity of MAT by 21.38% and 28.37%, respectively. These results show that short interval, chronic L-dopa treatments significantly increases MAT activity, which increases the production of SAM. SAM may physiologically antagonize the effects of L-dopa and biochemically decrease the concentrations of L-dopa and dopamine. Thus, an increase in MAT may be related to the decreased efficacy of chronic L-dopa therapy in PD.
A Dynamic Model for Rotary Rock Drilling

A rock drilling model is developed as a set of ordinary differential equations describing discrete segments of the drilling rig, including the bit and the rock. The end segment consists of a description of the bit as a ''nonideal'' transformer and a characterization of the rock behavior. The effects on rock drilling of bottom hole cleaning, drill string-borehole interaction, and tooth wear are represented in the model. Simulated drilling under various conditions, using this model, gave results which are similar to those found in field and laboratory drilling performance data. In particular, the model predicts the expected relationships between drilling rate and the quantities, weight on bit, differential mud pressure, and rotary speed. The results also suggest that the damping of the longitudinal vibrations of the drill string could be predominantly hydrodynamic as opposed to viscous. Pulsations in the mud flow are found to introduce ''percussive'' effects in the bit forces which seem to improve the penetration rate. However, it is known from field observations that drill pipe movements, if strong enough, may induce mud pressure surges which can cause borehole and circulation problems. Bit forces and torques are shown to be substantially coupled and the influence of certain rockmore » parameters on variables which are measurable either at the bit or on the surface support the expectation that these signals can furnish useful data on the formation being drilled. Other results, though preliminary, show that the effects of the lateral deflections of the drill string may be large for the axial bit forces and significant for the torsional vibrations. For the latter, the unsteady nature of the rotation above the bit increases and the resistance to rotation due to rubbing contact between the drill string and the wellbore accounts for very large power losses between the surface and the bit.« less
The Rise of Alternative Health Care: A Sociological Account

This qualitative study focuses on the constellation of sociological conditions that are conducive to the rise of alternative medical care. By all accounts, persons in the West are utilizing alternative forms of health care to a greater extent than at any time during the past half century. Factors accounting for this increase are identified, illustrated and explained. The postmodern culture and its emphasis on relativism and pluralism allow for greater plausibility concerning claims made for alternative care. High levels of discretionary income make out-of-pocket purchases possible. Changing relationships between physicians and patients and an emerging skepticism about conventional medicine's curative power contribute to the expansion of alternative care. The increased privatization of purpose and the corresponding decline of civic culture are consistent with the rise of alternative care as well. Abandoning the socially shared political arena allows for the substitution of individual efforts at self-improvement and alternative forms of health care. The perceived features of alternative medical care are critically examined as a factor driving the popularity of these therapies. Finally, concluding remarks focus on the near-term future of alternative health care.
Client Expectancies About Therapy

Client expectancies about therapy are considered a common factor, that is, a feature of therapy that is not specific to any particular technique or approach. This review includes both child- and adult-focused studies from the expectancies literature, emphasizing findings about the relationship between expectancies and factors including client improvement, attrition, and therapeutic alliance (TA). Results suggest that expectancies are related to both client improvement and TA, but do not support a relationship between expectancies and attrition. We then present two preliminary hypothesized pathways of how pretreatment client characteristics and therapy outcomes relate to role and outcome expectancies. Implications of these pathways are discussed.
Fractionation of gases in polar ice during bubble close-off: New constraints from firn air Ne, Kr and Xe observations

Gas ratios in air withdrawn from polar firn (snowpack) show systematic enrichments of Ne/N2 ,O 2/N2 and Ar/N2, in the firn–ice transition region where bubbles are closing off. Air from the bubbles in polar ice is correspondingly depleted in these ratios, after accounting for gravitational effects. Gas in the bubbles becomes fractionated during the process of bubble close-off and fractionation may continue as ice cores are stored prior to analysis. We present results from firn air studies at South Pole and Siple Dome, Antarctica, which add Ne, Kr and Xe measurements to the suite of observations. Ne, O2 and Ar appear to be preferentially excluded from the shrinking and occluding bubbles, and these gases therefore accumulate in the residual firn air, creating a progressive enrichment with time (and depth) in firn air. Early sealing of gases by thin horizontal impermeable layers into a nondiffusive zone or “lock-in zone” greatly enhances this enrichment. A simple model of the bubble close-off fractionation and lock-in zone enrichment fits the data adequately. The model presumes that fractionation is caused by selective permeation of gas through the ice lattice from slightly overpressured bubbles. The effect appears to be size-dependent, because Ne, O2 and Ar have smaller effective molecular diameters than N2, and fractionation increases strongly with decreasing size. Ne is fractionated 34±2 times more than O2 in South Pole firn air and reaches an enrichment of 90‰ in the deepest sample. The large atoms Kr and Xe do not appear to be fractionated by this process, despite the large size difference between the two gases, suggesting a threshold atomic diameter of ∼3.6A above which the probability becomes very small that the gas will escape from the bubble. These findings have implications for ice core and firn air studies that use gas ratios to infer paleotemperature, chronology and past atmospheric composition.
Roasting vs Cooking in a Model System: Tenderness of Bull Adductor Muscle, Conventionally Chilled or Electrically Stimulated—Hot Boned

Conventionally chilled (CC) and electrically stimulated-hot boned (ESHB) bull adductor muscles roasted to 70° C, or muscle strips cooked in a model system (waterbath) to 70° C were compared. Sensory tenderness and texture (mealiness) and Instron texture characteristics were not affected significantly by the cooking system. Differences between carcass treatments (CC, ESHB) for sensory tenderness and texture were significant, but small. Percentage solubilized hydroxyproline did not have a major influence on sensory tenderness or texture, or on Instron texture characteristics of the muscle. Sensory tenderness and texture were related more to Instron cohesiveness and firmness than they were to Instron penetration measurements.
Research on complementary and alternative medicine using randomized controlled trials.

In 1998, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) formed the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) from what had formerly been the Office of Alternative Medicine. This presentation opens with a brief discussion on the history of the NIH and the development of CAM at the NIH before moving on to the work of the NCCAM. The NCCAM is moving toward an integration of CAM therapies into conventional medicine, when there is evidence for the value of CAM. One of twenty-five institutes or centers at the NIH, the NCCAM looks at evidence-based medicine and public health. In this context, "public health" means educating the public about its health. The NCCAM supports training to conduct research and plays an important role in disseminating information to the public and to health providers about what works and what is safe. This evolves into the concept of evidence-based medical and public-health practices, that is, making decisions on the basis of evidence from scientifically rigorous studie...
The Professional Poker Player: Career Identification and the Problem of Respectability

This study examines how the career-professional poker player, one type in a deviant occupational group, adapts to outside labeling and stereotyping. Career-pros exhibit strong occupational identification, and consequently place great importance on the appearance of respectability. Career identification is discussed in terms of three factors: (1) the interest in professional skills; (2) ideological and moral concerns; and (3) the reliance on group support. The presentation of respectability, a denial of inaccurate stereotypes, is a defensive mode of adaptation for those in marginal occupations. I collected data over a two year period from the poker players in the cardrooms of Gardena, California.