cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient–Provider Discussion of Online Health Information: Results From the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)

Increasing numbers of people have turned to the Internet for health information. Little has been done beyond speculation to empirically investigate patients' discussion of online health information with health care professionals (HCPs) and patients' perception of HCPs' reactions to such discussion. The author analyzed data from the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) to identify the characteristics of patients (a) who search for health information on the Internet, (b) who discuss the information found on the Internet with HCPs, and (c) who positively assess HCPs' reaction to the online information. Findings show that men were more likely than were women to have a conversation on online information with HCPs. It is unfortunate that patients who had trouble understanding or trusting online health information were no more likely to ask questions to or seek guidance from HCPs. Reactions of HCPs to online information were perceived as particularly negative by certain groups of patients, such as those who experienced poor health and those who had more concerns about the quality of their searched information. Results are discussed for their implications for patient empowerment and patient-HCP relationships.
Exploring the Role of Work Volition Within Social Cognitive Career Theory

The current study examined the role of work volition within social cognitive career theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) with a sample of 292 undergraduate students in science-related majors...
Distinguishing male and female Chinese rose beetles, Adoretus sinicus, with an overview of Adoretus species of biosecurity concern

The Chinese rose beetle, Adoretus sinicus Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Adoretini), is a broadly polyphagous scarab beetle that is economically important and causes damage to a wide variety of host plants including agricultural crops and ornamentals in Southeast Asia, China, the Hawaiian Islands and several other Pacific Islands. The species has become established in numerous regions and is of biosecurity concern because importation of this species to other regions poses a threat to agriculture due to its generalist herbivore feeding habits. Field and laboratory research directed towards control of the species is hampered by the lack of characteristics that allow accurate determination of the sexes on live beetles in the field. Here, three recognizable and reliable non-destructive morphological differences between the sexes of A. sinicus are documented: (1) the form of the terminal sternite; (2) the length to width ratio of protarsomere 1, and; 3) the ratio of the combined length of protarsomeres 2–4 to the length of protarsomere 1. Because many Adoretus species are of biosecurity concern, and because tools to identify Adoretus species are lacking, we review the natural history and research on control associated with A. sinicus as well as the genus as a whole.
Symmetry breaking in periodic and solitary gravity-capillary waves on water of finite depth

A weakly nonlinear model is developed from the Hamiltonian formulation of water waves, to study the bifurcation structure of gravity-capillary waves on water of finite depth. It is found that, besides a very rich structure of symmetric solutions, non-symmetric Wilton's ripples exist. They appear via a spontaneous symmetry breaking bifurcation from symmetric solutions. The bifurcation tree is similar to that for gravity waves. The solitary wave with surface tension is studied with the same model close to a critical depth. It is found that the solution is not unique, and that further non-symmetric solitary waves are possible. The bifurcation tree has the same structure as for the case of periodic waves. The possibility of checking these results in low-gravity experiments is postulated.
Application of learning theory to a single phase induction motor incipient fault detector artificial neural network

The generalization ability of a neural network in a specific application is of interest to many neural network designers. Learning theory, derived from maximum entropy, is applied to a neural network used for incipient fault detection in single-phase induction motors. The authors use learning theory to predict the proper number of training examples needed to reach a specific accuracy level (before actually training the network), so that excessive and unnecessary training examples and training time can be avoided. The results of learning theory are compared to actual training results to show the efficiency and reliability of the use of learning theory. >
The impact of locality and authority on emergent conventions: initial observations

In the design of systems of multiple agents, we must deal with the potential for conflict that is inherent in the interactions among agents; to ensure efficient operation, these interactions must be coordinated. We extend, in two related ways, an existing framework that allows behavioral conventions to emerge in agent societies. We first consider localizing agents, thus limiting their interactions. We then consider giving some agents authority over others by implementing asymmetric interactions. Our primary interest is to explore how locality and authority affect the emergence of conventions. Through computer simulations of agent societies of various configurations, we begin to develop an intuition about what features of a society promote or inhibit the spontaneous generation of coordinating conventions.
Is there a basis for preferring characteristic earthquakes over a Gutenberg–Richter distribution in probabilistic earthquake forecasting?

The idea that faults rupture in repeated, characteristic earthquakes is cen- tral to most probabilistic earthquake forecasts. The concept is elegant in its simplicity, and if the same event has repeated itself multiple times in the past, we might anticipate the next. In practice however, assembling a fault-segmented characteristic earthquake rupture model can grow into a complex task laden with unquantified uncertainty. We weigh the evidence that supports characteristic earthquakes against a potentially simpler model made from extrapolation of a Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency law to individual fault zones. We find that the Gutenberg-Richter model satisfies key data constraints used for earthquake forecasting equally well as a characteristic model. Therefore, judicious use of instrumental and historical earthquake catalogs enables large-earthquake-rate calculations with quantifiable uncertainty that should get at least equal weighting in probabilistic forecasting.
Identification of the Phospholipid Binding Site in the Vitamin K-dependent Blood Coagulation Protein Factor IX

Abstract The blood coagulation and regulatory proteins that contain γ-carboxyglutamic acid are a part of a unique class of membrane binding proteins that require calcium for their interaction with cell membranes. Following protein biosynthesis, glutamic acids on these proteins are converted to γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) in a reaction that requires vitamin K as a cofactor. The vitamin K-dependent proteins undergo a conformational transition upon metal ion binding, but only calcium ions mediate protein-phospholipid interaction. To identify the site on Factor IX that is required for phospholipid binding, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of the Factor IX Gla domain bound to magnesium ions by NMR spectroscopy. By comparison of this structure to that of the Gla domain bound to calcium ions, we localize the membrane binding site to a highly ordered structure including residues 1–11 of the Gla domain. In the presence of Ca2+, Factor IX Gla domain peptides that contain the photoactivatable amino acid p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine at positions 6 or 9 cross-link to phospholipid following irradiation, while peptides lacking this amino acid analog or with this analog at position 46 did not cross-link. These results indicate that the NH2 terminus of the Gla domain, specifically including leucine 6 and phenylalanine 9 in the hydrophobic patch, is the contact surface on Factor IX that interacts with the phospholipid bilayer.
Summer use of Rice Fields by Secretive Marsh Birds in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Northeast Louisiana

Abstract Many secretive marsh bird (SMB) species nest within rice fields, yet in most regions we do not understand the extent to which these birds use such habitats. In the summers of 2007 and 2008, we investigated summer use of rice fields by SMBs in northeast Louisiana and evaluated the local (within 100 m) and landscape (within 1 km) habitat characteristics influencing site selection. We did not encounter any SMB species in 2007, but we encountered low densities of Ixobrychus exilis (Least Bitterns), Rallus elegans (King Rails), and Fulica americana (American Coots) in mid-July of 2008. It is unclear whether or not the birds we detected were actually breeding in the rice fields, or merely using them as late summer foraging areas. When we combined detections of all species, we found that probability of occupancy was positively influenced by the proportion of the local habitat dominated by flooded ditches containing herbaceous emergent vegetation. Ditches likely provide refuge and resource alternatives t...
Concurrent Ventral Hernia Repair in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Case-Matched Study Utilizing the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (Nsqip) Database

Examination of percent excess BMI lost at yearly intervals in the figure revealed no difference between the groups at each interval out to 10 years (p1⁄4 0.36). Conclusions: This study represents the largest 10 year follow-up for RYGB in the American population. We demonstrated there is no difference in 10 year outcomes including weight loss and comorbidity reduction between patients with routine clinic visits and those lost to follow-up. These 10-year data address the gap in knowledge resulting from poor long-term follow-up after bariatric surgery.
The Market Value of Commercial Real Property in Los Angeles County in 2002

The authors say that commercial real property in California is assessed at much below market value and that it should be taxed at market value. The authors write that the difference between assessed value and market value leads to a loss in property tax revenue of roughly $840 million in Los Angeles County alone.
Could One Simple Election Solve the Attorney Fee Issue

Realizing that one portion of my latest law review article, Beyond The Little Dutch Boy: An Argument for Structural Change in Tax Deduction Classification, was a digression that disrupted the flow of the piece, I removed that portion of the article and published it in as a separate article in Tax Notes. The article, titled Could One Simple Election Solve the Attorney Fee Issue?, examines the question of whether an election made pursuant to a specific Internal Revenue Code provision could mitigate the contingent attorney fee issue, i.e., the proper treatment of a plaintiff who recovers taxable damages where a portion of his award is paid to his attorney pursuant to a contingent fee arrangement.
Chocolate, Coca-Cola, and Fracturing Fluid: A Story of Unfettered Secrecy, Toxicology, and the Resulting Public Health Implications of Natural Gas Development

As hydraulic fracturing has become the new darling of energy production and America’s hope for energy independence, health care professionals and related organizations, like the Nobel peace prize-winning Physicians for Social Responsibility, have expressed concern over the industry’s use of the trade secret exemption when it comes to fracturing fluids. Health care professionals are voicing concerns about how the secretive nature of trade secret protections and even current legislation (or lack thereof) are stifling their ability to treat patients complaining of symptoms associated with exposure to these chemicals. Without information on what is in the fluids and at what concentrations, toxicologists, epidemiologists, and physicians alike are wondering how exactly to characterize risk and properly treat those who are complaining of exposure-related health problems. The nature of trade secret protection has always been broad and inclusive, protecting the proprietary nature of components and processes, thus allowing companies to have a competitive edge over competitors. Oil and gas companies invoke this protection, claiming that disclosure of even some of the names of the chemical components may hurt them competitively. Ironically, many companies, most notably soft drink giants, enjoy trade secret protection yet disclose the “secret ingredients” in their products. Should trade secret protection be treated as an unquestioned right that can simply be invoked even when there are far-reaching environmental and concerns about public health? In that light, this article will address the impact of the trade secret on a physician’s duty to treat patients when faced with limitations on information dissemination. This article will also explore the fundamental nature of trade secret protection and whether misuse is occurring when companies claim trade secret protection of fracturing fluid products. Finally, this article will review current regulatory loopholes in the reporting process and examine the question of whether there is an existing common law doctrine that addresses the misuse of this protection.
Structural and Optical Characterization of Synthesized TiO2 Nanopowder Using Sol–Gel Technique

The nanocrystalline TiO2 powder was synthesized by sol–gel method. The XRD analysis reveals that TiO2 powder was highly crystalline (anatase phase) and nanostructured with tetragonal system. The average crystallite size after calcined at 673K is found to be 7.7nm. The surface morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibit that the formation of nanosized TiO2 particles with less densification nature. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography exhibits the uniform distribution of spherical-shaped particles. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirms the presence of Titanium and Oxygen in synthesized TiO2 nanopowder. The value of optical bandgap of TiO2 nanopowder calculated from UV-Visible spectrum is 3.45eV. The presence of TiO2 particles is confirmed from the dominant fourier transform infrared (FTIR) peaks at 621cm−1 and 412cm−1.
Infrared methane spectra between 1120 cm(-1) and 1800 cm(-1) : a new atlas.

A new atlas of CH4 lines in the 1120–1800-cm−1 region has been generated, based on laboratory spectra taken with a Nicolet interferometer at 0.06-cm−1 resolution with 635-cm path length at pressures of 0.98 Torr, 4.86 Torr, and 19.97 Torr. A compilation of line positions and line intensities includes 1339 CH4 lines, several hundred of which have not been previously observed.
Abstract 59: Impact of omega-3 fatty acids on obesity-induced DNA oxidation and prostate cancer progression

Obesity is associated with poor prognosis and contributes significantly to prostate cancer-related mortality. As the prevalence of obesity increases among young adult males, the contribution to prostate cancer progression and mortality are expected to rise dramatically. One potential mechanism by which obesity may promote worse outcome is through the induction of functional metabolic abnormalities known to promote inflammation and oxidative stress. Pre-clinical and clinical observations indicate that a BMI >30 promotes oxidative DNA damage and is associated with shorter time to PSA failure and prostate cancer mortality. Growing evidence supports a beneficial role of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids in delaying time to PSA failure and reducing the aggressiveness of advanced prostate cancer, however, the mechanisms are multivariate and relatively unresolved. As oxidative burden is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, including prostate cancer tumor formation, and as omega-3 fatty acids possess known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-22:6n-3), one component of fish oil, in reducing the effects of obesity-induced oxidative DNA damage. Preliminary data demonstrates that prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) pretreated with ω-3 fatty acids and pulsed with physiologic levels of H2O2 were preferentially sensitive to induction of growth arrest compared to normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC). LNCaP cells pulsed with 32 uM H2O2 exhibit DNA breaks associated with translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus, whereas pretreatment with DHA prior to H2O2 treatment prevented NF-κB translocation, selectively sensitizing LNCaP cells, but not PrEC, to cell death. Further, DHA attenuated H2O2-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and diminished expression of the downstream target, survivin. NF-κB is heavily implicated in promoting prosurvival signaling and may be critical for resistance to the chronic oxidative stress and inflammation observed in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Here we describe one potential mechanism by which obesity may contribute to prostate cancer and the role of ω-3 fatty acids in mitigating these affects, ultimately setting the stage for Phase III clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 59.
Oxide Reduction in Advanced Metal Stacks for Microelectronic Applications

Aluminum and copper are widely used for microelectronic interconnect applications. Interfacial oxides can cause device performance degradation and failure by significantly increasing electrical resistance. Interfacial oxide layers found in Al/Ta and Ta/Cu metal stacks were studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Parallel Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (PEELS). The analysis indicates that the observed interfacial oxide layers, Al2O3 and mainly Ta2O5, result from spontaneous reductions of Ta oxide and Cu oxide, respectively. Thermodynamics enables interpretation of the results.
Operation and Safety of 600MW Direct Air Cooling Unit

According to the operation experiences of large sized direct air cooling unit,analyses questions of freezing during start up and shutdown in winter for direct air cooling unit.Then put forward technology measure of assuring unit safety operation and enhances operation supervise and regulation of ACC.To prevent from the freezing of air cooling condenser.
Leveraging Volunteers: An Experimental Evaluation of a Tutoring Program for Struggling Readers

ABSTRACTThis study evaluates the impacts and costs of the Reading Partners program, which uses community volunteers to provide one-on-one tutoring to struggling readers in under-resourced elementary schools. The evaluation uses an experimental design. Students were randomly assigned within 19 different Reading Partners sites to a program or control condition to answer questions about the impact of the program on student reading proficiency. A cost study, using a subsample of six of the 19 study sites, explores the resources needed to implement the Reading Partners program as described in the evaluation. Findings indicate that the Reading Partners program has a positive and statistically significant impact on all three measures of reading proficiency assessed with an effect size equal to around 0.10. The cost study findings illustrate the potential value of the Reading Partners program from the schools' perspective because the financial and other resources required by the schools to implement the program a...
Phase conjugation and superresolution by incoherenf-to-coherent conversion

We describe a technique for image formation through inhomogeneities that, while having some parallels to phase conjugation, is essentially different. It is at once complementary to, and compatible with, phase conjugation. Typically, in the phase conjugation technique, a coherent beam of light carrying information about an object is combined with a noninformation-bearing beam in a nonlinear material, and a new wave, conjugate to the object bearing beam, is generated and passed a second time through the inhomogeneity.1
Virginia Woolf and the Migrations of Language: Proust and the fictions of the unconscious

My great adventure is really Proust. Well – what remains to be written after that? (To Roger Fry, Oct. 3, 1922: L 2: 565) Woolf’s work took a new direction after 1922, the year in which she began to read A la recherche du temps perdu . Proust helped to shape the emphasis on feeling that is so problematic in her early work into a prose whose aim was to transform feeling into the language of spiritual apprehension. Her reading notes, “The Hours” manuscript, and her diaries reveal that several of the questions that she put to herself as she worked were in fact loose translations of particular passages in the Recherche where Proust engaged questions of memory and language. She responded, for instance, to Proust’s idea that the adjacent world of sleep focuses attention on the moment of awakening, when the sleeper leaves the place of dreams for the language of the waking world. Woolf read Proust largely in the translation of C. K. Scott Moncrieff, who simplified Proust’s extensive vocabulary of words for mental functions, by reducing it to conscious and unconscious . Although his translation conveniently brought the novel into territory familiar to English readers of Freud, his mistranslations resulted in Woolf’s preference for the Proustian image of the unconscious as the source, not of error and struggle as in Freud’s work, but of the artist’s unique access to the underwater world of the mind. Although Woolf’s notes on the Recherche cover only the first two books, Swann’s Way and Guermantes , she and Vita Sackville-West read Sodome et Gomorrhe together. At the point where Woolf’s response to particular passages is less demonstrable at the level of language, the presence of Proust in her theory of writing may better be understood in terms of translation as interpretation. Woolf shared with Proust a sense of the unseen world that lies behind the seen, which is sometimes the world of the dead, and sometimes the hidden world of sexual preferences and behaviors that the narrator is forbidden to avow. The sign that represents a world so divided creates a text designed to accommodate historical controversies and contradictions, and is necessarily contingent. Scenes of translation in Orlando seize the occasion when a term that is undergoing redefinition becomes untranslatable, as a means to undermine the sign. As in the Recherche the naked female body prompts a scene of awakening that questions the language of sexual identity, while the text relegates gender to the arcane vocabularies of law and grammar. The final pages of Woolf’s novel rewrite the relationship of the translator to a dual readership in order to mediate the contradictions created by the untranslatable word.
The performance of a real time LAN architecture for sensor fusion applications

A description is given of the key characteristics of a local area network (LAN) architecture, Instanet, which retains these merits but provides the added features of rapid real-time response to allow direct coupling of sensor-based modules to the network. Instanet uses a distributed interrupt facility to provide high levels of service to time-critical traffic without imposing restrictions on flow control and/or packet length for nontime-critical traffic. The Instanet architecture and its implementation is based on the IEEE 802.5 token ring standard. A detailed analytic model of Instanet's performance is presented. It is a generalization of the well-known walking server model (for token-passing networks) which takes into account provisions for priority handling. The analysis is backed up by simulation results which show performance of the network at various levels of real-time and nonreal-time traffic. >
Transgender youth in small towns: perceptions of community size, climate, and support

ABSTRACTTransgender youth are at risk of stigma and marginalization which can negatively impact their mental and physical health. Transgender youth in small towns may face increased stigma and a lack of supportive resources. It is essential to find ways to enhance support and resources and mitigate the effects of stigma. This exploratory study utilized qualitative interviews and an online survey to examine how transgender and gender questioning youth in nonmetropolitan and small metropolitan counties perceive their communities in terms of size, community climate, and transgender-specific resources. Results revealed variations in community climate by county size. Interviews revealed more complexity in descriptions of climate including the presence of support and hostility and a lack of visibility of transgender identities, rather than based solely on community size. Community size was not associated with the provision of supportive resources; rather community climate was associated with the availability, u...
Nonclinical Pharmacology/Toxicology Study of AAV8.TBG.mLDLR and AAV8.TBG.hLDLR in a Mouse Model of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

The homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is an excellent model for developing in vivo gene therapy in humans. The success of orthotropic liver transplantation in correcting the m...
Numerical Evaluation of the Three-Dimensional Searchlight Problem in a Half-Space

The linear Boltzmann equation for the transport of neutral particles is investigated with the objective of generating a benchmark-quality calculation for the three-dimensional searchlight problem in a semi-infinite medium. The derivation assumes stationarity, one energy group, and isotropic scattering. The scalar flux (both surface and interior) and the current at the surface are the quantities of interest. The source considered is a pencil-beam incident at a point on the surface of a semi-infinite medium. The scalar flux will have two-dimensional variation only if the beam is normal; otherwise, it is three-dimensional. The solutions are obtained by using Fourier and Laplace transform models. The transformed transport equation is formulated so that it can be related to a one-dimensional pseudo problem, thus providing some analytical leverage for the inversions. The numerical inversions use standard numerical techniques such as Gauss-Legendre quadrature, summation of infinite series, H-function iteration and evaluation, and Euler-Knopp acceleration. The numerical evaluations of the scalar flux and current at the surface are relatively simple, and the interior scalar flux is relatively difficult to calculate because of the embedded two-dimensional Fourier transform inversion, Laplace transform inversion, and H-function evaluation. Comparisons of these numerical solutions to results from the MCNP probabilistic codemore » and the THREE-DANT discrete ordinates code are provided and help confirm proper operation of the analytical code.« less
Association of Coffee Drinking With Mortality by Genetic Variation in Caffeine Metabolism: Findings From the UK Biobank

Importance Prospective cohorts in North America, Europe, and Asia show consistent inverse associations between coffee drinking and mortality, including deaths from cardiovascular disease and some cancers. However, concerns about coffee, particularly among people with common genetic polymorphisms affecting caffeine metabolism and among those drinking more than 5 cups per day, remain. Objective To evaluate associations of coffee drinking with mortality by genetic caffeine metabolism score. Design, Setting, and Participants The UK Biobank is a population-based study that invited approximately 9.2 million individuals from across the United Kingdom to participate. We used baseline demographic, lifestyle, and genetic data form the UK Biobank cohort, with follow-up beginning in 2006 and ending in 2016, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for coffee intake and mortality, using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. We investigated potential effect modification by caffeine metabolism, defined by a genetic score of previously identified polymorphisms inAHR, CYP1A2, CYP2A6,andPORthat have an effect on caffeine metabolism. Of the 502 641 participants who consented with baseline data, we included those who were not pregnant and had complete data on coffee intake and smoking status (n = 498 134). Exposures Total, ground, instant, and decaffeinated coffee intake. Main Outcomes and Measures All-cause and cause-specific mortality. Results The mean age of the participants was 57 years (range, 38-73 years); 271 019 (54%) were female, and 387 494 (78%) were coffee drinkers. Over 10 years of follow-up, 14 225 deaths occurred. Coffee drinking was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Using non–coffee drinkers as the reference group, HRs for drinking less than 1, 1, 2 to 3, 4 to 5, 6 to 7, and 8 or more cups per day were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88-1.01), 0.92 (95% CI, 0.87-0.97), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.93), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.83-0.93), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77-0.92), and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.77-0.95), respectively. Similar associations were observed for instant, ground, and decaffeinated coffee, across common causes of death, and regardless of genetic caffeine metabolism score. For example, the HRs for 6 or more cups per day ranged from 0.70 (95% CI, 0.53-0.94) to 0.92 (95% CI, 0.78-1.10), with no evidence of effect modification across strata of caffeine metabolism score (P = .17 for heterogeneity). Conclusions and Relevance Coffee drinking was inversely associated with mortality, including among those drinking 8 or more cups per day and those with genetic polymorphisms indicating slower or faster caffeine metabolism. These findings suggest the importance of noncaffeine constituents in the coffee-mortality association and provide further reassurance that coffee drinking can be a part of a healthy diet.
The Cytadhesins of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and M. genitalium

Selective adhesion mechanisms permit microorganisms to colonize mucous membranes and other tissues and resist clearing mechanisms of the host. Although electrostatic and hydrophobic forces contribute to the adherence event, the specificity of the interaction is regulated by microbial surface components, termed adhesins, and complementary stereospecific structures associated with the host, termed receptors.
Conserving Trail Corridors: The Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail

Recreation-based land conservation provides numerous benefits for recreationists, local communities (by attracting tourism), the ecosystem (by protecting habitat), and migrating wildlife (by establishing corridors). This study examines the social and decision process along the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), a 4265-km-long hiking trail beginning at the US–Mexico border and ending at the US–Canada border, and the trail’s 1.6-km-wide corridor. The trail enters 3 states, 7 national parks, Native American sovereignties, 25 national forests, 33 wildernesses, and at least 73 towns and is subject to the local, state, and federal restrictions and regulations of each jurisdiction. This study of the PCT appraises land use decisions along the PCT as they apply to meeting the common interest and advancing human dignity. Using the policy sciences framework, this case study examines the trail through a problem-oriented approach and concludes that decision making can better meet the common interest by further engaging participants at the local level and taking a bottom-up approach. In order to ensure that decisions regarding the public land and the public resource of the trail meet common interest goals across the range and scale, it is proposed that participants should engage in many localized, community-based, adaptive governance models based on interactive participation among all stakeholders. Many small-scale prototypes can serve as adaptive governance models for implementation along a national scenic trail.
Ambulatory Exercise Systems

Since the Brindley et al. (1978) report, considerable effort has been focused on the application of neural prostheses for standing and walking in the spinal-cord-injured individual. Such neural prostheses require an intact neuromuscular system below the level of the spinal cord lesion so that the patient can respond to electrical stimulation. However, central command has been lost, and the great majority of patients remain permanently paralyzed below the level of injury.
Scalable Service Discovery in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Recent advances in hardware technology and wireless networking have made it possible to deploy large scale ad hoc networks[1]. As these networks begin to grow in size, an efficient mechanism is needed to locate services distributed within them. Protocols such as the Service Location Protocol (SLP)[2] and Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)[3] exist for service discovery in static networks. These protocols are based on a centralized server where services can register themselves and clients can query for them. However, maintaining such a server in an ad hoc network is difficult as nodes randomly join and leave the network. In this paper we study the problems associated with service discovery by first simulating two well known service discovery techniques and investigating their limitations for large network sizes. We then combine the best features of each approach to present an innovative, scalable mechanism. We simulate and analyze this mechanism and show it to scale well for large network sizes without increasing the latencies in locating a service.
Privatization of the ‘historic debt’? Mapuche territorial claims and the forest industry in southern Chile

This article chronicles the long-standing conflict between the Mapuche people and the Chilean state since militarized colonization of Mapuche territory in the 1880s. The analysis focuses especially...
His Brother’s Keeper: Charles Livingstone and the ‘Failure’ of David Livingstone’s Zambezi Expedition

David Livingstone’s Second Expedition to Africa (1858 to 1863) began with lavish promises and expectations and ended ignominiously, with official Britons castigating the once greatly esteemed explo...
Introducing Mother Baby Connections: a model of intensive perinatal mental health outpatient programming

Perinatal mental health problems, experienced by 15–20% of women, are a significant public health issue associated with adverse effects among childbearing women; yet only 20–25% receive adequate treatment. There has been a recent proliferation of intensive perinatal day treatment programs in the United States. To meet this need in the greater Philadelphia area, we introduce Mother Baby Connections (MBC), an innovative interdisciplinary, attachment-focused, intensive, outpatient perinatal mental health program recently launched at Drexel University. The purpose of this paper is to (1) present an overview of MBC, its theoretical framework for services, and its evidence-based components, highlighting the unique factors that differentiate this program from traditional outpatient treatment, and (2) present clinical outcome data utilizing scores from reliable and valid scales, including enrollment to discharge outcomes from 20 months of MBC operation. In sum, outcomes for 20 predominantly minority women with complete measures showed significant improvements in maternal depression symptom severity, maternal functioning, birth trauma symptoms, perceived stress, parenting stress, and emotional regulation. Effect sizes were medium to large (i.e., 0.42–2.00). We conclude that MBC is a viable model for tailored intensive outpatient treatment to foster maternal mental health and functioning during the perinatal period.
Comparison of cisplatin- versus carboplatin-based concurrent chemoradiation for limited-stage small cell lung cancer using SEER-Medicare data.

7596 Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 14% of lung cancers. Current standard therapy for limited stage (AJCC stages I-III) SCLC is concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) with cisplat...
Abstract TP3: Mechanical Thrombectomy for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis is Associated With Increased Inpatient Mortality: Outcomes From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Introduction: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare form of stroke which can lead to both ischemic or hemorrhagic infarcts. The mainstay of treatment is therapeutic anticoagulation. Endovascul...
Complications of Gastrointestinal Surgery

Gastrointestinal surgery is commonly performed for various indications in the upper gastrointestinal tract. There are a number of unique complications that arise in this patient population and require specific knowledge for proper management. This chapter will outline various structural and motility-related complications following the most common surgical procedures in the upper gastrointestinal surgery. Each section will review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of the specified complication, with special emphasis placed on endoscopic management when appropriate.
The Political and Economic Consequences of Religious Legitimacy

This essay assesses the political and economic consequences of religious legitimacy. I employ the framework proposed in Rubin (2017) to shed light on why religious legitimacy might matter for political and economic outcomes and how it affects economies differently from other mechanisms that rulers use to stay in power. I proceed to provide some historical support for the framework before concluding with some speculative thoughts on the role of religious legitimacy on economic outcomes in the twenty-first century.
Dynamic Programming with Spiking Neural Computing

With the advent of large-scale neuromorphic platforms, we seek to better understand the applications of neuromorphic computing to more general-purpose computing domains. Graph analysis problems have grown increasingly relevant in the wake of readily available massive data. We demonstrate that a broad class of combinatorial and graph problems known as dynamic programs enjoy simple and efficient neuromorphic implementations, by developing a general technique to convert dynamic programs to spiking neuromorphic algorithms. Dynamic programs have been studied for over 50 years and have dozens of applications across many fields.
Management of Exercise-Induced Asthma Exacerbations in NCAA Athletic Programs

Background: Exercise induced asthma (EIA) is a common health concern among active individuals. The prevalence of bronchoconstriction during physical activity is significantly higher in college athletes. The EPR-3 Asthma guidelines emphasize the importance of asthma education and protocols to help manage and control asthma symptoms. The specific aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic trainers and athletes on the methods of diagnosis, education, and management of asthma based on the EPR-3 guidelines. Methods: Institutional IRB approval was obtained. A survey was developed using the key components of EPR-3 on the diagnosis, education, and management of severe asthma symptoms. The two surveys (one for athletic trainers and one for college athletes) were almost identical so that the responses could be compared within each college. Fourteen NCAA colleges (Divisions I-III) gave permission for this online survey. Electronic surveys were sent to the athletic trainers and athletes of all sports programs at each college. The survey results were compared by individual questions using the frequency count method. Results: After 2 separate attempts to solicit survey returns (one original and one reminder), a total of 11 surveys (10 athletic trainers and 1 athlete) were received. The key results are shown in the Figure and they include: (1) 70% of athletic trainers reported that the college did not have an asthma management protocol, (2) 35% of the athletic trainers did not have formal education in the management of asthma, (3) As reported by all survey respondents, college athletes were not tested for EIA before joining the team, (4) 25% of athletic trainers could not recognize the signs and symptoms of EIA. Conclusions: Screening for EIA before joining the team should be a protocol for the identification and management of unexpected asthma symptoms among college athletes. Asthma education should be in place for each athletic department for trainers and athletes. The low survey return rate is a limitation of this study.
Simulating Temperature, Salinity and Currents in the Ocean

Effective use of scarce resources requires a coherent and rational approach to oceanic system development. Included in this approach is the simulation of the performance of the proposed system, be it oceanographic or acoustic, under simulated realistic environmental conditions. Over the past year and a half, we have been working on methods for simulating the physical oceanic environment. The work began with a simulation of the internal wave field in the ocean, based on one formulation of the Garrett-Munk model. Internal tides were then included and the work extended to frontal features. We present a summary of methods for simulating the environment, with particular emphasis on the methods we have employed. These methods include Fourier transforms, wave function models, direct solution of the equations of motion, extended generalized stochastic subdivision, and impulse response models. The simulations have been successfully coupled to acoustic transmission loss models and have produced results consistent with observations. The results of this coupling applied to temporal and spatial variation are presented.
Quality Improvement Project to Evaluate Fever Management and Appropriateness of Lab Draws in Hospitalized Sickle Cell Disease Patients in a Tertiary Care University Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder that affects almost 100,000 people in the U.S. Infection is the most common cause of death in these patients. Early identification and initiation of antibiotics given functional asplenia is the key to appropriate management of hospitalized sickle cell disease patients. Approximately 4-5 billion laboratory studies are ordered every year in hospitals. Unnecessary blood tests lead to frequent blood draws and worsening anemia in this already anemic population as well as contribute towards increasing cost of hospital stay. Total national health expenditures in the U.S. is $3.3 trillion (2016) with percent of national health expenditures for hospital care: 32.4%. Objective: We reviewed inpatient admissions of sickle cell disease patients to assess for appropriate work up and timely antibiotic initiation in case of fever. Additionally, we looked up the number of blood draws as well as number of days labs were drawn during the inpatient stay. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of all patients with sickle cell disease who were admitted to John Dempsey hospital at University of Connecticut with length of stay of at least 3 days between April 2018 to Feb 2019. Results: 57 inpatient admissions were reviewed. Out of 57 admissions, 14 had fever either at the time of presentation or during the hospital stay. Mean time to first blood culture was 56 minutes with 92% (13/14) drawn within 1 hour of fever. Mean time to first antibiotic was 4.58 hours. Antibiotics were initiated in 7% (1/14) in less than 1 hour and 50% (7/14) within 3 hours. Urine culture was checked 78% and chest X-ray was checked 100% of the time in case of fever. On review of 57 patient admissions, labs were checked every single day of hospital stay in 35% (20/57) and if the day of discharge was excluded in 50% (29/57) of the patients. Overall, the labs were checked 82.33 percent of the days patients were hospitalized. On average, labs were drawn 1.14 times per day on each patient. Conclusion: Our project addresses safety, efficiency and timeliness with identification of areas of improvement in febrile sickle cell disease patients. It also addresses patient-centeredness raising awareness for decreased needle sticks for our sickle cell disease patients. There is continuing need to educate our care providers on how to manage fever in sickle cell disease for appropriate work up and early initiation of antibiotics. Also, we need to be more considerate when ordering labs on our patients especially sickle cell disease patients with baseline anemia. This will lead to decreased number of needle sticks and iatrogenic anemia as well as better healthcare resource utilization. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Chinese Eastern Industrial Zone in Ethiopia: unpacking the enclave

This paper examines China’s engagement with Africa through economic zones (EZs). It moves beyond the conceptualisation of EZs as undifferentiated enclaves of foreign investment to a dynamic perspec...
Eliminating occluded voids in additive manufacturing design via a projection-based topology optimization scheme

Abstract Design for additive manufacturing (AM) requires knowledge of the constraints associated with your targeted AM process. One important design concern is the unintentional trapping of parasitic mass in occluded void geometries with either uncured or non-solidified material, or in some cases, sacrificial support material. These occluded features create the need to physically alter the optimal topology to remove the material. In this work, a projection-based topology optimization design formulation is proposed to eliminate occluded void topological features in optimal AM designs. The algorithm is based on the combination and enhancement of two existing algorithms: a projection-based, overhang-constrained algorithm to design self-supporting structures in AM, and a void projection algorithm to design topologies through control of the void phase. The combined algorithm results in topologies with void regions that always possess an exit path to predefined outer surfaces – i.e. drainage pathways. Solutions are first demonstrated in two dimensions, with increasing design freedom allowed through algorithm enhancements. The algorithm is then adapted to 3D, adopting a multi-phase TO approach to not only regain control of the solid phase length scale, but also to drive toward superior performing topologies with minimal impact on the part performance.
Evaluation of Responses to Vaccination of Angus Cattle for Four Viruses that Contribute to Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

Initial antibody titers are maternally-derived from colostrum, then decay with age. Change in antibody titer levels were compared between four viruses contributing to the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC), and evaluation of response to vaccination indicated that antibody production will not occur when high levels of maternal antibodies are present. The maternal antibodies were found to decay with calf age for each of the four viruses, which allowed for the estimation of a maximum circulating titer level under which a positive antibody response to vaccination could occur. Phenotypic correlations were calculated between the antibody titers for the four viruses across multiple time points. Results indicate a difference in the response to vaccination between the four virus antigens
Chronic Otitis in Cats: Clinical management of primary, predisposing and perpetuating factors.

Practical relevance:Chronic otitis can be one of the most frustrating diseases to manage for a small animal practitioner. While it occurs less commonly in the cat than the dog, it is no less challe...