cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estrogens and non‐estrogenic ovarian influences combine to promote the recruitment and decrease the turnover of new neurons in the adult female canary brain

The higher vocal center (HVC) of the songbird forebrain exhibits persistent neurogenesis in adulthood, particularly in a region of the mediocaudal neostriatum that is associated with a subventricular layer of estrogen receptive cells. We asked whether estrogens might influence adult neurogenesis, by assessing the effect of ovariectomy on HVC neuronal production in the adult female canary. Fifteen 1-year-old females were separated into groups of ovariectomized, estradiol-replaced ovariectomized, and gonadally intact birds. To label dividing cells and their progency, the birds were given [3H]thymidine for 8 days, killed 32 days later, and their brains autoradiographed. A significant rise was noted in the number of HVC neurons per section in estradiol-treated birds relative to the untreated control birds. The number of [3H]-thymidine-labeled HVC neurons was also higher in the estrogen-treated birds; however, the neuronal labeling index (LI) did not vary as a function of estradiol replacement, as the total number of HVC neurons rose in parallel with the added new neurons. In contrast, the neuronal LI did rise as a result of ovariectomy, and this ovariectomy-associated increase in the LI was not reversed by estradiol. Among non-neuronal cell types, the endothelial LI was higher in estrogen-treated birds than in their untreated counterparts, suggesting estrogen-associated angiogenesis. Radioimmunoassay confirmed that serum estradiol was reduced in the castrated birds. Since estrogen appeared to promote the survival of [3H]thymidine+ neurons, we next sought to determine whether estrogen acted directly on the newly generated neurons, or rather indirectly through an intermediary cell population. To this end, we asked whether the new neurons or their precursors expressed estrogen receptor immunoreactivity (ER-IR). Five adult male canaries were given [3H]thymidine for periods ranging from 2 to 28 days, killed at varying times up to 3 weeks therafter, then probed for ER-IR and autoradiographed. [3H]thymidine+ cells displayed no detectable ER-IR within their first 4 weeks of postmitotic life. Rather, during migration from the ventricular zone (VZ), the new neurons traversed a layer of mitotically quiescent, ER+ subventricular cells. Double labeling for ER-IR and cell-type selective antigens confirmed that these ER+ cells were neurons. These results indicate that the early survival of new neurons in the adult songbird HVC is promoted by estrogen, and may be mediated by the estrogen-stimulated paracrine release of neurotrophic agents by ER-IR subventricular neurons. Our data suggest that estrogen's promotion of neuronal survival may operate concurrently with an estrogen-independent ovarian suppression of neuronal mitogenesis.
Bridging the transition between Didelphodonts and Taeniodonts

The largest documented cimolestid, Alveugena carbonensis new genus and species, is both morphologically and temporally intermediate between small, early cimolestids (such as Procerberus and Cimolestes) and the earliest documented conoryctid taeniodont Onychodectes tisonensis; this represents a transition between the suborders Didelphodonta and Taeniodonta. Diagnosis and description of A. carbonensis is based upon a partial skull and two isolated upper molars recovered from fluvial sandstones at UW locality V-91005, in upper parts of the Ferris Formation, western Hanna Basin, Wyoming. An earliest middle Puercan age for UW locality V-91005 is based upon: presence of taxa that are morphologically intermediate between characteristic early and middle Puercan species; presence of a species of Ectoconus morphologically more primitive than Ectoconus ditrigonus; and co-occurrence of taxa characteristic of Pu1 and Pu2 stratigraphically below and above it. Morphologic trends in evolution of the upper dentition of cimolestids reflect a relative broadening of the crown. A trend toward increasing body size amongst Puercan cimolestids appears to have coincided with a change from a carnivorous (or perhaps insectivorous) to an omnivorous diet, suggested by increased grinding function of the cheek teeth. Cladistic analyses support A. carbonensis as the sister group to O. tisonensis. No known autapomorphies preclude A. carbonensis from having been a plausible ancestor to O. tisonensis.
Note on Price Discrimination and the A & P Case

The problem of price discrimination is one of the most interesting theoretical economic aspects of the recent civil action by the United States government against the New York Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company. Economists have justifiably an interest in the effects of various A & P actions on the prices that the A & P and its competitors pay their supplier for his products. It is of course evident that price discrimination is not the only important theoretical problem arising out of the A & P case. Vertical integration, the socioeconomic problems of "bigness," and the legal framework of the antitrust action are just such questions. Far too important to mention briefly, they will be omitted entirely; we shall here confine ourselves to the price discrimination aspect of the A & P case.
Abstract 2126: Twoaces (tia Work-up Asoutpatient: Assessment Of Clincal Efficacy And Safety)

Background: Much controversy exists as to which TIA patients need to be admitted to the hospital for evaluation and treatment and which can be sent home. One commonly used trigae tool is the ABCD2 ...
LittleHelper: An augmented reality glass application to assist individuals with autism in job interview

With the rapid increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 1990s, there are approximately 50,000 individuals with ASD turning 18 years old every year. The community-based employment rate, even for those individuals with higher functioning capabilities, is very low. This can be partly explained by socio-communicative skill deficits which are a hallmark of ASD, such as poor eye-contact and inappropriately modulated speech. There has been little work in developing assistive technology to help individuals with ASD to compensate for these deficits. In this paper, we propose a new system based on a wearable augmented-reality glass platform called LittleHelper to provide customized supports for individuals with ASD in enhancing social communication during a job interview. Using the built-in camera and microphone, LittleHelper can detect the position of the interviewer relative to the center of the camera view, and measure the sound level of the user. Based on these inputs, appropriate visual feedbacks are provided back to the user through the optical head-mounted display.
Derivative Analysis of the High Temperature Superconducting Transition

The shape of the normalized temperature derivative of the dc susceptibility provides useful information about superconducting materials. We propose that the position of the derivative peak be defined as the transition temperature T c and the width of this peak define its sharpness.
Computational framework for identification of intact glycopeptides in complex samples.

Glycosylation is an important protein modification that involves enzymatic attachment of sugars to amino acid residues. Understanding the structure of these sugars and the effects of glycosylation are vital for developing indicators of disease development and progression. Although computational methods based on mass spectrometric data have proven to be effective in monitoring changes in the glycome, developing such methods for the glycoproteome are challenging, largely due to the inherent complexity in simultaneously studying glycan structures with their corresponding glycosylation sites. This paper introduces a computational framework for identifying intact N-linked glycopeptides, i.e. glycopeptides with N-linked glycans attached to their glycosylation sites, in complex proteome samples. Scoring algorithms are presented for tandem mass spectra of glycopeptides resulting from collision-induced dissociation (CID), higher-energy C-trap dissociation (HCD), and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) fragmentati...
Radio Spectrum Requirements of Control and Non-Payload Communications Links for Future Unmanned Aircraft Systems

The planned introduction of unmanned aircraft (UA) systems (UAS) into non-segregated civil airspace will require highly reliable radio links to enable remote pilots to maintain operational control ...
The use of online materials in undergraduate computer science classrooms: Examining factors for adopting new curriculum and instruction

We examined how 63 instructors used the EngageCSEdu digital collection and their ratings of its ease of use and usefulness. The collection contains over 1400 digital resources for teaching CS1 and CS2 classes. Forty-four percent of instructors accessed materials and used them in their classrooms. Most common use was for in-class exercises; 25% used materials for homework assignments. Respondents used materials one time (48%) or a few times (58%); instructors did not use materials to redesign whole courses. Sixty-four percent adapted materials they found on the site by changing difficulty level, changing content such as programming languages or adding/deleting parts of the lesson. Many instructors used materials as background sources to create their own materials.
Observations of the alpha -beta phase transition in quartz; a review of imaging and diffraction studies and some new results

Although the a-B quartz transition traditionally has been treated as a simple, secondorder phase transition, a wealth of studies performed over the past two decades has documented the complex nature of this transformation. It now appears thal a quartz undergoes a first-order transition to an incommensurately modulated phase that is stable over a 1.3 .C interval. This intermediate phase consists of an ordered mosaic of Dauphin6 microtwins that occur as triangular prisms elongate along c, and these prisms grow finerwith increasing temperature. The discovery of this incommensurate phase was achieved through a series of diffraction and imaging experiments using a variety of methods, and this paper reviews the process by which the existence of the intermediate phase of quartz was established. In addition, we present results from our own transmission electron microscopy experiments on the a-B transition. Specifically, we have determined that the sizes of the Dauphin6 twins as imaged in real space are identical to the structural superperiodicities inferred from satellite reflections obtained by electron diffraction of the intermediate phase; this result supports the microtwin model presented by Van Tendeloo et al. (1976) rather than the configuration wave model ofGouhara and Kato (1985a, 1985b). Further, our observation of diffuse satellite intensities surrounding the primary Bragg peaks of p qtartz suggests that the p polymorph has a dynamic structure in which oscillating tetrahedra are correlated over short distances.
Disruption of normal circadian clock function in a mouse model of tauopathy

Abstract Disruption of normal circadian rhythm physiology is associated with neurodegenerative disease, which can lead to symptoms such as altered sleep cycles. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), circadian dysfunction has been attributed to β-amyloidosis. However, it is unclear whether tauopathy, another AD-associated neuropathology, can disrupt the circadian clock. We have evaluated the status of the circadian clock in a mouse model of tauopathy (Tg4510). Tg4510 mice display a long free-running period at an age when tauopathy is present, and show evidence of tauopathy in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus — the site of the master circadian clock. Additionally, cyclic expression of the core clock protein PER2 is disrupted in the hypothalamus of Tg4510 mice. Finally, disruption of the cyclic expression of PER2 and BMAL1, another core circadian clock protein, is evident in the Tg4510 hippocampus. These results demonstrate that tauopathy disrupts normal circadian clock function both at the behavioral and molecular levels, which may be attributed to the tauopathy-induced neuropathology in the SCN. Furthermore, these results establish the Tg4510 mouse line as a model to study how tauopathy disrupts normal circadian rhythm biology.
A Framework for Designing Smarter Serious Games

As smart technology becomes more ubiquitous, there are increased opportunities to enhance the way that educational content is presented and practiced. There are numerous studies indicating the importance of combining instructional and game design in the process of developing serious games. However, there are no frameworks or processes that have been developed to provide insight on methods for effectively combining these existing design methodologies. To this end, a modular framework has been developed with an accompanying spiral design process that facilitates the design, development, and continued improvement of smarter serious games. The implementation of this framework will be explored through an evolving serious game developed using the framework that is aimed to teach precalculus at the college level.
Bidirectional three-level DC-DC converters: Sum-difference modeling and control

This paper proposes a modeling and control approach for the three-level DC-DC converter. The converter is described in a sum and difference (ΣΔ) framework. It is shown that the formulation is useful to model the inverter and derive design-specific equations. The Σ component is responsible for the inductor current, i.e. the power flow, and the Δ component is used to balance (or unbalance) the DC-link capacitor voltages. It is shown that there are cross-coupling terms between the Σ and Δ axes that can be compensated. The proposed model is validated using high fidelity simulations with a proportional-integral controller. Two- and three-level converter operation is shown and it is proven that the passive components can be reduced by 50% to 75% using three-level operation without affecting the control performance. The control is verified by introducing load current and DC voltage steps.
Hand gesture recognition using a skeleton-based feature representation with a random regression forest

In this paper, we propose a method for automatic hand gesture recognition using a random regression forest with a novel set of feature descriptors created from skeletal data acquired from the Leap Motion Controller. The efficacy of our proposed approach is evaluated on the publicly available University of Padova Microsoft Kinect and Leap Motion dataset, as well as 24 letters of the English alphabet in American Sign Language. The letters that are dynamic (e.g. j and z) are not evaluated. Using a random regression forest to classify the features we achieve 100% accuracy on the University of Padova Microsoft Kinect and Leap Motion dataset. We also constructed an in-house dataset using the 24 static letters of the English alphabet in ASL. A classification rate of 98.36% was achieved on this dataset. We also show that our proposed method outperforms the current state of the art on the University of Padova Microsoft Kinect and Leap Motion dataset.
Time to publication of oncology trials and why some trials are never published.

Background Very little is known about the proportion of oncology trials that get published, the time it takes to publish them, or the reasons why oncology trials do not get published. Methods We analyzed all clinical trials that closed to accrual at our cancer center between 2009–2013. Trials were categorized by study purpose (therapeutic vs. diagnostic), phase (pilot, phase I, II, or III), and sponsor (industrial, cooperative group, institutional, or peer-reviewed). Final publications were identified in MEDLINE and EMBASE by NCT numbers, or by querying the principal investigator. For trials not published, we surveyed the principal investigators to identify the reason for non-publication. Findings 469 of 809 protocols (58%) had been published by November 2016. The calculated probability of publication 7 years after completing accrual was 70.4%; the calculated median time to publication was 47 months. Only 18.8% of protocols overall were estimated to be published within 2 years from completing accrual. The calculated probability of publication was higher for therapeutic trials than non-therapeutic trials, but there was no difference based on phase or sponsor. Among protocols not published, 45.3% had completed accrual, and among these, a majority had a manuscript in preparation or review, or the trial was still collecting data. Failure to publish due to a pharmaceutical sponsor was rare. 30.6% of unpublished trials had closed for various reasons before completing accrual, usually due to poor accrual or pharmaceutical sponsor issues. Interpretation Almost 30% of trials were calculated to be unpublished by 7 years after closing to accrual at our institution. Failure to reach accrual goals was an important factor in non-publication. We have devised new institutional policies that identify trials likely not to meet accrual goals and require early closure. We should be able to shorten the time from accrual completion to publication, especially for pilot and phase I trials for which long follow up is not needed.
Impact of Performance Feedback in Family-Centered and Culturally Responsive Interview Instruction

Purpose Conducting culturally responsive and family-centered diagnostic interviews is an important part of speech and language services. However, there is limited information on the effective ways ...
Update: Plant Cortical Microtubule Arrays.

Cortical microtubules play a critical role in plant morphogenesis by creating array patterns that template the deposition of cellulose microfibrils.
PAS-C platelets contain less plasma protein, lower anti-A and anti-B titers, and decreased HLA antibody specificities compared to plasma platelets.

Background Platelets (PLTs) collected and stored in PLT additive solution Intersol (PAS-C) are presumed to reduce recipient exposure to donor plasma components; however, the effects of PAS-C on PLT supernatant composition are poorly defined. Therefore, we compared the total protein concentration, isohemagglutinin titers, and HLA antibodies in supernatants of PAS-C PLTs to plasma PLTs. Study design and methods Apheresis PLTs from group O blood donors were collected into either 100% donor plasma (n = 50) or a mixture of 65% PAS-C/35% donor plasma (n = 50). Within 12 hours of collection, samples of the PLT supernatant were frozen and stored. PLT supernatants were assayed for total protein concentration and anti-A and anti-B titers and screened for HLA antibodies. Samples positive for HLA antibodies were further tested using single-antigen bead assays to determine antibody strength and specificity. Results Supernatants of PAS-C PLTs had significantly lower total protein concentration and anti-A and anti-B titers compared to plasma PLTs. There was no significant difference in the number of HLA antibody screen-positive PAS-C (3/50) compared to plasma PLT supernatants (2/50); however, the HLA antibody screen-positive supernatants of PAS-C PLTs had fewer HLA specificities (2) compared to those of the plasma PLTs (18). Conclusion Decreased plasma proteins likely underlie lower rates of allergic and febrile, nonhemolytic transfusion reactions from the infusion of PAS-C PLTs. Decreased anti-A and anti-B titers may prevent hemolysis from minor ABO mismatch. Lower HLA antibody specificities may mitigate transfusion-related acute lung injury.
Working Capital: Finanzierung und Cash-Management

Bei den Masnahmen zur Verringerung des Working Capital gibt es in der Praxis unterschiedliche Gestaltungsmodelle. Die gangigsten wollen wir anhand verschiedener Beispiele fur die einzelnen Positionen des Working Capital beschreiben, also fur Vorrate/Bestande,Forderungen,kurzfristige Verbindlichkeiten sowie Kassenbestand.
Diverse Mechanisms for Regulating Ribosomal Protein Synthesis in Escherichia coli

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the current knowledge of the organization and regulation of ribosomal genes, emphasizing recent work elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating ribosomal protein synthesis and illustrating the diversity of these mechanisms. In E. coli, the small ribosomal subunit contains one rRNA molecule (16 S) and 21 proteins. The large subunit harbors two rRNA molecules (23 S and 5 S) and 34 proteins. All of the genes for these ribosomal components have been mapped on the E . coli chromosome. Furthermore, all but three of the r-protein genes have been sequenced. Because proteins are the most abundant cellular macromolecules, cell growth requires that a large fraction of the cell mass be devoted to the protein synthesis machinery— namely, the ribosomes and their ancillary factors. For example, in rapidly growing bacteria, ribosomes account for as much as 50% of cellular dry mass. Because ribosome formation commands such a large fraction of cellular resources, even minor adjustments in the rate of ribosome synthesis can have a major impact on the economy of the cell.
The Differences in Financial Structure Between Women- and Men-Owned Family Businesses

Lenders often are faced with the challenge of evaluating the financial success of a business or a proposed business by examining the financial records of the household, reasoning that an assessment of the household's financial position should be a plausible indicator of the financial status of the business. Utilizing data from the recently released Family Business Survey, this study uses financial information about both the family and the business to examine the relationship between household financial indicators and business financial indicators for women- and men-owned family businesses. The results suggest that, while household financial statements may be good indicators for men-owned businesses, they appear to be much less reliable for women-owned businesses.
Worry and anxiety account for unique variance in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and depression.

ABSTRACTThe evidence supporting the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a cognitive construct well established in the anxiety literature, and depression is mixed. Some research has demonstrated a direct association between IU and depression, whereas other studies suggest that IU is either unrelated or indirectly related to depression through other pathways, including anxiety. The present study aimed to further elucidate the relationship between IU and depression in an undergraduate sample (N = 221). We posited a model in which worry and anxiety account for unique variance in the association between IU and depression. Results supported this hypothesis. Worry and trait anxiety significantly accounted for unique variance in the relationship between IU and depression. Furthermore, the model that best fit the data included two additional direct paths, from IU to anxiety and from worry to depression, and excluded the direct path from IU to depression. Our findings support the notion that IU an...
Crop Responses to Environment

INTRODUCTION GENERAL PRINCIPLES Complete Understanding Requires Information from Several Levels of Biological Organization Separating Causes and Effects Can Be Difficult Limiting Factors, Synergisms, and Source/Sink Effects Optimization and Efficiency Genetic and Environmental Influences on Plants EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS Value of Experimental Studies in Different Fields or Seasons Having Contrasting Environments Value of Experimental Studies in Controlled Environments Value of Experimental Studies with Different Environments Imposed in the Same Field Quantitative Methods CROP PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO LIGHT, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND RESPIRATION Photosynthesis and Productivity Photosynthesis and Adaptation Mitochondrial Respiration Photorespiration Growth Analysis CROP PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO TEMPERATURE AND CLIMATIC ZONES Seed Germination, Storage, and Dormancy Resumption of Active Growth by Perennials Vegetative Growth Reproductive Development Climactic Zones Comparison Method for Determining Where Crops Can Be Grown CROP DEVELOPMENTAL RESPONSES TO TEMPERATURE, PHOTOPERIOD, AND LIGHT QUALITY Heat-Unit Systems for Predicting Plant Development Chilling Requirements of Plants Plant Developmental Responses to Photoperiod Light Quality Effects on Plant Development RADIATION AND ENERGY BALANCES, AND PREDICTING CROP WATER USE AND TEMPERATURE Solar Radiation at the Surface of the Earth Types of Radiation in the Earth's Environment and Optical Qualities of Plants Radiation and Energy Balances Predicting Crop Water Use Predicting Temperature Differences between Crop Canopy and Air CROP TRANSPIRATION AND WATER RELATIONS Transpiration Stomatal Responses to Environment Optimal Stomatal Function Adaptive Significance of Plant Differences in the Level of Daily Water Use Adaptive Significance of Plant Differences in Transpiration Efficiency Liquid Water Transport form Soil to Leaves Components of Total Water Potential Flow of Water from Root to Shoot Crop Water Relations CROP ADAPTATION TO WATER-LIMITED ENVIRONMENTS Crop Species Differences in Drought Resistance Mechanisms of Drought Resistance HYDROLOGICAL BUDGET OF CROPPING SYSTEMS, IRRIGATION, AND CLIMATIC ZONES Irrigation Management Climactic Zone definition based on Water CROP RESPONSES TO SALINITY AND OTHER LIMITING SOIL CONDITIONS Plant Responses to Extremes of Soil Texture and High Soil Bulk Density Salinity Tolerance Tolerance to High Boron Tolerance to High Aluminum INTERACTION OF CROP RESPONSES TO PESTS AND ABIOTIC FACTORS Crop Phonology and the Escape or Aggravation of Pest Problems Crop Resistance to Pests CONSIDERATION OF CROP RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENT IN PLANT BREEDING Defining Crop Ideotype Traits Testing the Value of Crop Ideotype Traits Perspectives for Future Use of Crop Ideotypes in Plant Breeding REFERENCES
Developing an Indicator System to Measure Child Well-Being: Lessons Learned over Time

Tracking the well-being of children is as important to a country as monitoring the economy. In fact, some day, today’s children will be in charge, and it is critical to know how children in varied groups and communities are developing. Fortunately, enormous progress in measuring and monitoring children's well-being has been made in recent decades in the United States (U.S) at the national level and, to a lesser extent, at the state level. However, efforts to describe children’s well-being at the community level have been uneven and varied. Also, research is needed to assess the appropriateness of available measures in diverse population subgroups. Robust yet brief measures of children’s social and emotional outcomes are needed; and brief measures of the contextual factors that influence children’s outcomes continue to be in short supply. The purpose of this paper is to describe the experience of one country over four decades, as the lessons learned may be informative to others.
Single Cell Proteomics by Data-Independent Acquisition To Study Embryonic Asymmetry in Xenopus laevis.

Techniques that allow single cell analysis are gaining widespread attention, and most of these studies utilize genomics-based approaches. While nanofluidic technologies have enabled mass spectromet...
Boundary Integral Solution Method for the Graetz Problem

This article describes a new method for the numerical solution of the generalized Graetz problem. The method involves the use of boundary integral concepts over subintervals or elements in the radial direction to eliminate the radial heat conduction operator. This leads to a new discretization scheme whereby the problem is reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations for the nodal temperatures and their radial gradients as a function of the axial distance. This set of equations is then solved by axial marching using the implicit Euler method. The method yields accurate solutions both in the entry region as well as for the fully developed regions of the pipe, and an example problem of heat transfer with a constant wall temperature is used for numerical testing of the computational scheme.
An intersectional approach to examine sleep duration in sexual minority adults in the United States: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Abstract Objectives Investigate sexual identity differences in sleep duration and the multiplicative effect of sexual identity and race/ethnicity among US adults. Design Cross-sectional. Participants The sample consisted of 267,906 participants from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Measurements Sleep duration was categorized as very short (≤4 hours), short (5-6 hours), adequate (7-8 hours), or long (≥9 hours). Sex-stratified multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine sexual identity differences in sleep duration. We then examined sleep duration by comparing sexual minorities to (1) same-race/-ethnicity heterosexuals and (2) White participants with the same sexual identity. Results Sexual minority women had higher odds of very short sleep compared to heterosexual women, regardless of race/ethnicity. Black gay men had higher rates of very short sleep but lower rates of long sleep relative to Black heterosexual men. Latino and Asian/Pacific Islander bisexual men reported higher rates of short sleep than their heterosexual counterparts. Black lesbian and other-race bisexual women were more likely to have very short sleep than their heterosexual peers. Black lesbian women also had higher rates of long sleep. Analyses examining racial/ethnic differences by sexual identity found that Black and Latino gay men reported higher rates of very short sleep compared to White gay men. Black bisexual women had higher rates of short sleep duration than White bisexual women. Conclusions More research is needed to understand how to promote sleep health among sexual minorities, particularly racial/ethnic minorities, and the impact of inadequate sleep duration on health outcomes in this population.
Síndrome PFAPA – A propósito de um caso clínico nos Cuidados Primários

Carta dirigida ao editor da RBMFC a proposito de um caso clinico de Sindrome de PFAPA acompanhado nos Cuidados de Saude Primarios. Esta carta e enviada na sequencia do artigo publicado pela RBMFC em 2019.
Decentralized formation shape control of UAV swarm using dynamic programming

Formation control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has many applications including target tracking, surveillance, terrain mapping, precision agriculture, etc. Although many centralized control methods (single command center/computer controlling the UAVs) exist, there are no standard decentralized control frameworks in the literature. In this paper, we present a novel UAV swarm formation control approach based on a decision theoretic approach. Specifically, we pose the decentralized swarm motion control problem as a Decentralized Markov Decision Process (Dec-MDP). Here, the objective is to drive the swarm from an initial geographical region to another geographical region where the swarm must lie on a certain geometrical surface (e.g., surface of a sphere). As most decision theoretic formulations suffer from the curse of dimensionality, we adapt an approximate dynamic programming method called nominal belief-state optimization (NBO) to solve the formation control problem approximately. We perform simulation studies in MATLAB to validate the performance of the algorithms.
A Review of the Reality of Violent Offending and the Administration of Justice

Policy makers have recently been exploring methods to reduce incarceration. Most current proposals for reducing incarceration exclude people in prison who were convicted of violent crimes. This art...
The Integrator Complex in Transcription and Development

The Integrator complex is conserved across metazoans and controls the fate of many nascent RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Among the 14 subunits of Integrator is an RNA endonuclease that is crucial for the biogenesis of small nuclear RNAs and enhancer RNAs. Integrator is further employed to trigger premature transcription termination at many protein-coding genes, thereby attenuating gene expression. Integrator thus helps to shape the transcriptome and ensure that genes can be robustly induced when needed. The molecular functions of Integrator subunits beyond the RNA endonuclease remain poorly understood, but some can act independently of the multisubunit complex. We highlight recent molecular insights into Integrator and propose how misregulation of this complex may lead to developmental defects and disease.
Terahertz Spectroscopy of Emerging Materials

Over the past few decades, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has become an established technique for studying the dielectric and transient photoconductive properties of materials. THz spectroscopy is a ...
Las estrategias conservadoras para promover los nuevos medios: el pensamiento conservador y la prensa en México 1848-1856

espanolEste articulo se concentra en el pensamiento conservador, definido ampliamente, y los sistemas de difusion que inauguraron los nuevos medios. Analizo tres periodicos que se publicaron en Mexico entre 1848 y 1856, El Omnibus, El Espectador de Mexico, y El Universal, para senalar que las publicaciones conservadoras no siempre se mostraron en contra de la velocidad de la industria impresa, sino que frustran una interpretacion rigida del conservadurismo al aceptar y rechazar, intermitentemente, los aspectos desequilibrantes de la prensa. EnglishThis article focuses on conservative thought, broadly defined, and the methods of diffusion inaugurated by new print media. I analyze three newspapers published in Mexico from 1848-1856, El Omnibus, El Espectadorde Mexico, and El Universal, to show that conservative publications were not always opposed to the speed of print commerce, but instead they complicate a rigid interpretation of conservatism by intermittently embracing and rejecting the destabilizing aspects of the press.
Impact of Kidney Function on CNS Gadolinium Deposition in Patients Receiving Repeated Doses of Gadobutrol

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Studies associate repeat gadolinium-based contrast agent administration with T1 shortening in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus, indicating CNS gadolinium deposition, most strongly with linear agents but also reportedly with macrocyclics. Renal impairment effects on long-term CNS gadolinium deposition remain underexplored. We investigated the relationship between signal intensity changes and renal function in patients who received ≥10 administrations of the macrocyclic agent gadobutrol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent ≥10 brain MR imaging examinations with administration of intravenous gadobutrol between February 1, 2014, and January 1, 2018, were included in this retrospective study. Dentate nucleus-to-pons and globus pallidus-to-thalamus signal intensity ratios were calculated, and correlations were calculated between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (minimum and mean) and the percentage change in signal intensity ratios from the first to last scan. Partial correlations were calculated to control for potential confounders. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one patients (73 women; mean age at last scan, 55.9 years) showed a mean percentage change of the dentate nucleus-to-pons of 0.31%, a mean percentage change of the globus pallidus-to-thalamus of 0.15%, a mean minimum estimated glomerular filtration rate of 69.65 (range, 10.16–132.26), and a mean average estimated glomerular filtration rate at 89.48 (range, 38.24–145.93). No significant association was found between the estimated glomerular filtration rate and percentage change of the dentate nucleus-to-pons (minimum estimated glomerular filtration rate, r = –0.09, P = .28; average estimated glomerular filtration rate, r = –0.09, P = .30,) or percentage change of the globus pallidus-to-thalamus (r = 0.07, P = .43; r = 0.07, P = .40). When we controlled for age, sex, number of scans, and total dose, there were no significant associations between the estimated glomerular filtration rate and the percentage change of the dentate nucleus-to-pons (r = 0.16, P = .07; r = 0.15, P = .08) or percentage change of the globus pallidus-to-thalamus (r = –0.14, P = .12; r = –0.15, P = .09). CONCLUSIONS: In patients receiving an average of 12 intravenous gadobutrol administrations, no correlation was found between renal function and signal intensity ratio changes, even in those with mild or moderate renal impairment.
Who lives in transit-friendly neighborhoods? An analysis of California neighborhoods over time

Abstract In this paper we examine social and economic trends in California’s transit-friendly neighborhoods since 2000. In particular, we explore the relationship between high-propensity transit users – who we define here as members of households classified as poor, immigrant, African-American, and without private vehicles – and high-transit-propensity places – which are neighborhoods that regularly host high levels of transit service or use. As housing costs have increased dramatically in California and neighborhoods change, many planners and transit advocates reasonably worry that in transit-friendly neighborhooods, lower-propensey transit users may replace residents who tend to ride transit frequently. Such changes in residential patterns could help to explain sharp transit ridership declines in California in the 2010s ahead of much sharper pandemic-related ridership losses in 2020. Indeed, we find that California’s most transit-friendly neighborhoods have changedin ways that do not bode well for transit use. The state's shares of poor, immigrant, African American, and zero-vehicle households have all declined modestly to substantially since 2000. Collectively, these trends point to changes in California’s most transit-friendly neighborhoods that are not very, well, transit-friendly.
Coal-Fired Power Plant Retirements in the U.S

We summarize the history of U.S. coal-fired plant retirements over the last decade, describe planned future retirements, and forecast the remaining operating life for every operating coal-fired generator. We summarize the technology and location trends that are correlated with the observed retirements. We then describe a theoretical model of the retirement decision coal generator owners face. We use retirements from the last decade to quantify the relationships in the model for retired generators. Our model predicts that three-quarters of coal generation capacity will retire in the next twenty years, with most of that retirement concentrated in the next five years. Policy has limited ability to affect retirement times. A $20 per MWh electricity subsidy extends the average life of a generator by six years. A $51 per ton carbon tax brings forward retirement dates by about two years. In all scenarios, a handful of electricity generators remain on the grid beyond our forecast horizon. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Viral skin diseases in cattle

A brief account of nine skin conditions caused by viruses: Pox Viruses, Bovine Papular Stomatitis, Lumpy Skin Disease, Bovine Herpes Mammillitis, Bovine Papilloma Virus - Warts, Bluetongue, Bovine Virus Diarrhea, Malignant Catarrhal Fever, and Vesicular Stomatitis.
- βARK: β-Adrenergic receptor kinases (vertebrates)

The chapter discusses the human b-adrenergic receptor kinases (bARK) along with its subunit and domain structure and the amino acid sequence of bARK. Desensitization is mediated in part by bARK-mediated phosphorylation of the receptor. b-Adrenergic receptor kinases, two isoforms of which are currently known (bARK-1 and -2), phosphorylate the agonist-occupied forms of several G protein-coupled receptors. Phosphorylation is thought to be followed by the binding of another protein, b-arrestin, which diminishes the functional coupling of the receptor to the G protein. This mechanism, thereby leads to homologous, or agonist-specific, desensitization. bARK activity is normally assayed as the agonist-dependent transfer of phosphate from [g32 P]ATP to purified, reconstituted b2AR. However, the light-dependent transfer of phosphate to urea-washed, rod outer segment membranes can also be utilized as an assay.
Safety of posterior fossa parenchymal biopsy (P4.214)

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the diagnostic yield and safety of parenchymal posterior fossa biopsy. BACKGROUND: Pathological diagnosis of parenchymal posterior fossa diseases is challenging given the eloquent structures involved. Definitive diagnosis is critical however to tailor therapy for malignancies, infectious and inflammatory disorders and biopsy of that region is often necessary where no diffuse involvement exists to gain pathological diagnosis from an alternative site. DESIGN/METHODS: One-hundred-forty-six patients who underwent 147 posterior fossa (brainstem or cerebellar) parenchymal biopsies at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between 1996 and 2009 were identified by chart review. Case histories, radiological, surgical and pathological reports, and safety outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Posterior fossa parenchymal biopsies were performed on 86 male and 60 female patients of median age, 47 years (IQR 33-61). Preoperative clinical diagnosis in the majority of cases was malignant neoplasm (105, 71[percnt]). The most common pathological diagnoses were glial neoplasm (52[percnt]), lymphoma (7[percnt]) and granulomatous disease (7[percnt]), medulloblastoma (6[percnt]) and infection (3[percnt]). Non-diagnostic biopsies with normal tissue or nonspecific pathological findings occurred in 30 cases (20[percnt]). Patients with a preoperative presumptive diagnosis of a neoplastic lesion were more likely to have a diagnostic biopsy than patients who had a preoperative presumptive diagnosis of a non-neoplastic lesion. Complications arose in 23 cases (16[percnt]), including: transient worsening of preoperative deficits (7, 5[percnt]), intraoperative bradyarrhythmia (3, 2[percnt]), and hemorrhage (5, 3[percnt]). Three deaths occurred in the perioperative period. Neurological deficits were sustained in 4 other cases (3[percnt]), including: fourth nerve palsy (2), persistent facial numbness (1) hemiparesis (1). CONCLUSIONS: Posterior fossa parenchymal biopsy carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality but a diagnostic biopsy is gained in the majority. Posterior fossa parenchymal biopsy is reserved for those with severe, life threatening diseases where the need for definitive diagnosis is critical and lack of diffuse involvement precludes biopsy at alternative sites. Disclosure: Dr. Tobin has nothing to disclose.
Detection of Covalent Binding

Immunochemical detection of xenobiotics covalently bound to cellular proteins can provide information about toxic mechanism and is more specific than the alternative radiochemical studies. Both immunoblotting and immunohistochemical methods are used to pinpoint the target protein(s) and to identify the tissue targets. Also included in this unit are protocols for synthesizing artificial antigens, immunizing suitable host species, and using noncompetitive and competitive ELISA assays to characterize the antibodies produced.
Changing Concepts of the Black Woman

Traditional notions of the Afro-American woman consist of four images: Topsy, Peaches, Caldonia, and Aunt Chloe. Topsy the child is black with big eyes, long skinny legs and at least fifteen short plaits, more imp than human, and possessing none of daddy's-little-girl's enchantments. The older Peaches is luscious, sly, and loose. She definitely will become a mother-maybe, a wife-and eventually will wind up as Caldonia, the matriarch, fat, loud, and emasculating. Only when her sexual capabilities have seemingly departed, and age has diluted her temper, is any noticeable degree of a nonphysical attribute even implied. The stereotyped Black woman at this time has donned a flowered dress and rundown shoes and become the stalwart Christian or the Voodoo crone. But traditional notions concerning the Black woman are changing. Too many exceptions have become too obvious to be ignored. Both her allies and her enemies have some measure of responsibility for assigning her new dimensions of personality and power. Daniel P. Moynihan has discovered that she as matriarch is the source and perpetuation of all
Ischemic preconditioning: a brief review.

Myocardium which has been subjected to one or several brief period(s) of ischemia, of insufficient duration to cause myocyte necrosis, rapidly (within minutes) develops markedly increased resistance to myocyte injury when subjected to a subsequent episode of ischemia. This rapid adaptation to ischemic stress was first described and termed “ischemic preconditioning” (10) based on studies in which a 40-min test episode of ischemia in dogs was preceded by four 5-min episodes of ischemia, each separated by 5 min of reperfusion. Infarct size in the preconditioned dogs was only 25% of the size expected from a simple 40-min test episode of ischemia followed by reperfusion. We subsequently observed a similar marked limitation of infarct size using a single 15-min episode of ischemia prior to a 40-min test episode. Similar cardioprotection can be observed using a 60-min test episode. Ischemic preconditioning has been observed in several species in addition to dogs, including rats, rabbits, and pigs. Clinical studies suggest that it most likely occurs in patients with ischemic heart disease (23).
Grain boundary structure and the effect of boron in Ni3Al

Abstract A model is developed to explain the experimental observation that small additions of boron to Ni 3 Al reduce the effectiveness with which grain boundaries strenghthen the alloy, following the proposal of Schulson et al. [ Acta metall. 34 , 1395 (1986); Scripta metall. 19 , 1497 (1985)]. This model is based on the effect of ordering on the mobility of grain boundary dislocations. If the addition of boron lowers the difference in energy between different ordering configurations at the boundary, then it should promote accommodation of stress concentrations by the motion of grain boundary dislocations.
Specific repression of TATA-mediated but not initiator-mediated transcription by wild-type p53

The p53 protein is apparently central to the development of human cancers because both alleles are often found to be mutated in different tumour types. In addition, wild-type p53 can inhibit transformation by viral and cellular oncogenes in vitro, so p53 has been classified as a tumour suppressor. Investigations of the normal function of p53 have indicated that at least one of its functions could involve the activation of gene expression through the binding of specific DNA-regulatory sequences. Also, overexpression of p53 can mediate growth arrest and repress transcription from a variety of promoters. We demonstrate here both in vivo and in vitro that expression of wild-type p53 specifically represses the activity of promoters whose initiation is dependent on the presence of a TATA box. Promoters whose accurate transcription is directed by a pyrimidine-rich initiator element, however, are immune to the effects of p53. Furthermore, we observe that repression is mediated by an interaction of p53 with basal transcription factor(s). Thus, p53 appears to repress the activity of certain promoters through direct communication with TATA box-dependent basal transcription machinery.
A high-resolution contouring algorithm (HRCA)

This investigation encompasses the review of known interpolating and contouring schema appropriate for contour map generation. The research leads to the development of a robust contouring algorithm suitable for Naval research.