cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of H2O on F and Cl solubility and solution mechanisms of in aluminosilicate melts at high pressure and high temperature

Effects of H 2 O on the solution behavior of fluorine and chlorine in peralkaline sodium aluminosilicate glasses quenched from melts at high temperature (1400 °C) and pressure (1.5 GPa) were studied by combining solubility measurements and Raman spectroscopy. With increasing H 2 O content from 0 to ~10 wt%, the fluorine solubility increases from 3.3 to 4.4 mol% in Al-free glasses and from 6.3 to 9.3 mol% in Al-rich glasses (10 mol% Al 2 O 3 ). In contrast, in the same H 2 O concentration range the chlorine solubility decreases from 5.7 to 3.4 mol% in Al-free glasses and from 3.6 to 1.7 mol% in Al-rich glasses. In Al-free glasses, interaction between H 2 O and the silicate to depolymerize the network is Q 4 + H 2 O ↔ Q 2 (H) and Q 3 + H 2 O ↔ Q 2 (H). The effect of water on silicate melt structure is different in halogen-bearing melts because in hydrous melt systems both F and Cl can act to depolymerize the melt further. For fluorine, this is accomplished via formation of Si-F, Al-F, and Na-F bonding in addition to Si-OH, whereas in chlorine-bearing hydrous melts, there is no interaction between Si 4+ and Cl − . The halogen solubility in the magmatic liquid influences mineral/melt partition coefficients of chlorine and fluorine and implies partition coefficients different from unity. Moreover because of the contrasting effects of H 2 O on fluorine and chlorine solubility, the Cl/F ratio in magmas formed in water-rich environments such as subduction zones can be a sensitive indicator of H 2 O content during arc magmas genesis. Transport properties of melts, such as diffusion and viscosity, also vary differently in halogen-bearing hydrous melts compared with halogen-free systems. Moreover, those effects on melt properties are the strongest in F-bearing systems.
Reducing Stigma Related to Mental Disorders: Initiatives, Interventions, and Recommendations for Nursing

Twenty percent of Americans suffer from mental disorders, but most do not receive treatment. Stigma is an important barrier to mental health treatment and recovery. This article aims to summarize current national initiatives to reduce stigma, clarify the current knowledge of stigma-reducing interventions, and provide recommendations to nurses on implementing and investigating stigma-reducing interventions.
Phylloquinone intake and risk of cardiovascular diseases in men.

Abstract Background and aims Dietary patterns high in fruits and vegetables have been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is difficult to assess whether individuals are following a dietary pattern recommended for cardiovascular disease prevention in large population based studies. Therefore, the association between phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intake, derived mainly from green vegetables, and risk of cardiovascular diseases [total and fatal coronary heart disease (CHD), non-fatal myocardial infarction, total and ischemic stroke] was prospectively assessed. Methods and results The study was conducted in 40,087 men who participated in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study during 1986–2000. There were 1857 CHD events and 617 strokes. After adjustment for lifestyle factors, the relative risks of total CHD events in increasing quintile categories of phylloquinone intake were 1 (reference), 0.84, 0.87, 0.82 and 0.84, respectively (P for trend 0.05). However, the risk of CHD events and strokes did not remain significantly associated with phylloquinone intake after adjustment for lifestyle and other dietary factors. Conclusion These results suggest that although not an independent risk factor, high phylloquinone intake may be a marker of dietary patterns associated with lower CHD risk and useful when used within that context.
Inclusive Practices of Classroom Teachers

MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF THE FREQUENCY AND LEVEL OF INCLUSIVE PRACTICES FOUND IN GENERAL EDUCATION CLASSROOMS ARE THE COMFORT, COMPETENCE, AND PROFICIENCY THAT EDUCATORS FEEL WHILE IMPLEMENTING NEW PROCEDURES. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO DESCRIBE PRACTICES THAT GENERAL EDUCATORS HAVE USED TO SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENT INCLUSION. A VISUAL ANALYSIS REPRESENTING EDUCATORS COMFORT LEVELS WITH SOME METHODS KNOWN TO BE EFFECTIVE FOR IMPLEMENTING INCLUSION IS DESCRIBED AS A MEANS OF TARGETING KEY AREAS IN WHICH EDUCATORS DESIRE PREPARATION AND SUPPORT. PROCEDURES FOR REPLICATING THESE METHODS ARE DESCRIBED, AND ACTIONS NECESSARY TO INCREASE EDUCATORS' EXPERTISE AND COMPETENCE WITH NEW METHODS—ESSENTIAL FOR SUCCESSFUL INCLUSION—ARE REPORTED.
Cancer progression modeling using static sample data

As molecular profiling data continue to accumulate, the design of integrative computational analyses that can provide insights into the dynamic aspects of cancer progression becomes feasible. Here, we present a novel computational method for the construction of cancer progression models based on the analysis of static tumor samples. We demonstrate the reliability of the method with simulated data, and describe the application to breast cancer data. Our findings support a linear, branching model for breast cancer progression. An interactive model facilitates the identification of key molecular events in the advance of disease to malignancy.
Honeybees tune excitatory and inhibitory recruitment signalling to resource value and predation risk

Group-foraging animals can coordinate their activities by performing positive signals that increase foraging or inhibitory signals that decrease recruitment when foragers detect danger. However, it is unclear whether foragers tune their excitatory and inhibitory signalling according to food value and predation risk. We therefore studied the signals that honeybee foragers perform before and after being attacked by live predators (wasps and spiders) or a robo-predator at a nectar source. Predator attacks significantly reduced recruitment dancing and increased stop signalling, which inhibits dancing for the dangerous resource. Attack equally reduced dancing for all sucrose concentrations. However, foragers factored travel costs into their positive signalling. At the feeder with greater travel cost (100 m), bees danced less when they responded more severely to attacks. At the low travel cost feeder (1 m), there was no significant effect of attack response severity upon dancing. Attacks increased inhibitory signal production. Live and robo-predator attacks elicited 131-fold more stop signals from foragers as compared to control treatments of freshly dead predators that did not attack. However, food profitability, distance and sucrose concentration did not alter stop signalling. We suggest that this pattern may generally characterize excitatory/inhibitory signal pairs in group foraging. Foragers tune positive signalling (recruitment) to food quality and peril, and this is countered by an inhibitory signal that is tuned to danger but not resource value.
Bioterrorism and the Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

Regular review of the management of bioterrorism is essential for maintaining readiness for these sporadically occurring events. This review provides an overview of the history of biological disasters and bioterrorism. I also discuss the recent recategorization of tier 1 agents by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Laboratory Response Network (LRN), and specific training and readiness processes and programs, such as the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Laboratory Preparedness Exercise (LPX). LPX examined the management of cultivable bacterial vaccine and attenuated strains of tier 1 agents or close mimics. In the LPX program, participating laboratories showed improvement in the level of diagnosis required and referral of isolates to an appropriate reference laboratory. Agents which proved difficult to manage in sentinel laboratories included the more fastidious Gram-negative organisms, especially Francisella tularensis and Burkholderia spp. The recent Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic provided a check on LRN safety processes. Specific guidelines and recommendations for laboratory safety and risk assessment in the clinical microbiology are explored so that sentinel laboratories can better prepare for the next biological disaster.
The Relationship Between Stressors and Intent to Leave Nursing Homes Among Directors of Nursing

According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, some nursing homes have been ranked worst in the nation when rating the quality of resident care. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative strength of workplace stress, job satisfaction, organizational support, and personal data (number of years employed, age, highest education level) in predicting director of nursing (DON) intentions to leave the position. This information contributes to social change because it is important to know that DONs need to experience general satisfaction in order to maintain stable leadership that positively contributes to the quality of care in Tennessee nursing homes and ensures that the factors decreasing the stability in the DON position in nursing homes can be addressed.
Abstract 2667: Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Stroke Center Designations on Patient Outcomes

Background: Stroke designation has become increasingly important for administrators and physicians of stroke facilities in recent years. Designation (accreditation, recognition) as a stroke center ...
Abstract 1360: Reaching minority and low-income women with breast cancer prevention mobile messages: Implications for health promotion and clinical office collaboration.

Background: While growing literature for breast cancer information supports the use of the Internet, little is known about breast cancer prevention and the use of mobile messages especially for women of different ages, race/ethnicity, income, and education levels. Minority and low-income women are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer at a later stage. Purpose: We examined differences for breast cancer risk factor knowledge, current channels, and mobile message preferences among Hispanic and non-Hispanic women in southern New Mexico. The study was guided using a conceptual framework of McGuire9s Input-Output Persuasion Model. Methods: Women ages 40 and older at an imaging center completed a survey assessing their knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, channels of information, mobile message preferences, and demographics. In bivariate analysis, relationships between age, income, race/ethnicity and education of women and their mobile message preferences were examined. Results: A total of 157 women ages 40 to 91 (mean = 61, SD = 12.07) completed the survey. Breast cancer risk factor knowledge was significantly higher for non-Hispanic (p=.035), women with higher education levels (p=.023) and higher income levels (p=.000). The most common channels were television, magazines, Internet, and brochures. Overall, 87% used cell phones. Cell phone use was more likely among younger women ages 40-59 (p=.017), non-Hispanic women (p=.013), and women with incomes $20,000 or higher (p=.032). Of the cell phone users, 20% preferred breast cancer prevention messages. Breast cancer prevention cell message preferences were more likely among younger women ages 40-59 (p=.001), Hispanic women (p=.000), and women with lower incomes (p=.011). Nearly 47% used text messaging. Of the text users, 36% preferred breast cancer prevention text messages and 37% preferred mammogram appointment text reminders. Text message preferences were more likely among Hispanic women (p=.001). Conclusions: Traditional and mobile messages for breast cancer information are preferred by women. Targeting lower income, Hispanic, and younger women with mobile messages may help to reduce health disparities. Further research is needed for mobile technology use in health promotion. Health promotion specialists may partner with clinical offices to develop and target breast cancer prevention mobile messages for improved mammography adherence, patient education, and best practices in managing screening appointments. Citation Format: Cynthia Kratzke, Hugo Vilchis. Reaching minority and low-income women with breast cancer prevention mobile messages: Implications for health promotion and clinical office collaboration. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1360. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1360
Altered immunogenicity produced by change in mode of linkage of hapten to carrier.

SummaryThe immunogenicity of three different conjugates with DNP as hapten and BSA as carrier were compared. Guinea pigs immunized with DNP coupled to amino groups or carboxyl groups responded with high anti-DNP and low anti-BSA antibody production, while those immunized with DNP on tyrosyl residues gave the reverse response. DNP coupled to amino and carboxyl groups produced much more drastic effects on native BSA determinants as measured by precipitin test and delayed sensitivity reactions. It is suggested that haptens coupled to these groups are on the exterior surface of the protein where they are more likely to contact receptors of immunocompetent cells and more likely to alter surface configurations of the native molecule.This investigation was supported by a grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health.
An Investigation of the Use and Predictive Validity of Scores From the GRE® revised General Test in a Singaporean University

International institutions have been increasingly using the GRE® revised General Test to admit students to graduate programs. However, little is known about how scores from the GRE revised General Test are used in the admission process outside of the United States and their validity in predicting graduate students' performance (e.g., their graduate school grade point averages [GGPAs]). As the GRE revised General Test was launched in August 2011, there is a compelling need to investigate its predictive validity, particularly in an international context. A large percentage of examinees who take the GRE revised General Test from outside of the United States are citizens of Asian countries. Consequently, we examined how scores from the GRE revised General Test predict a range of graduate student performance outcomes at a Singaporean institution that represents the highest caliber of academic excellence in Asian countries. We also interviewed key members of the admissions committees to understand how the GRE revised General Test and its individual sections are used in the admission process. Our analyses revealed that scores from the GRE revised General Test predicted GGPA and program standing. In particular, these scores showed incremental value beyond undergraduate GPA (UGPA) for predicting GGPA. Furthermore, among enrolled students, those who submitted scores from the GRE revised General Test in application had significantly higher GGPAs than those who did not. These findings largely apply to both doctoral and master's students.
Therapeutic use of lovastatin in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia

The present review discusses the mechanism of action, efficacy, safety profile, and potential uses of lovastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Data on the efficacy of lovastatin are evaluated in different patient populations; also, the efficacy of this agent in the long-term treatment of patients followed by the author is presented. No new safety concerns have emerged during long-term treatment of selected patients with lovastatin, and, in compliant patients, hypolipidemic effects are maintained during continuous treatment with therapy that exceeds 5 years. On the basis of available data, lovastatin should be regarded as one of the drugs of first choice in the treatment of adult patients with hypercholesterolemia and increased plasma concentrations of low-density lipoproteins.
The theatre of David Henry Hwang

For over 35 years, David Henry Hwang has been writing plays, and since M. Butterfly (1988) he has become the Asian American voice of American theatre. With M. Butterfly’s success came a flurry of s...
Histology of partial thickness double composite eyelid graft

Double composite grafting is a technique used in the repair of large (greater than 75%) eyelid defects due to tumor resection, trauma, or congenital coloboma. The procedure utilizes two partial thickness composite grafts derived from two unaffected lids. The skin defect is covered by a pedicle skin graft to provide an adequate blood supply. This is thought to be superior to revascularization occurring from the margin of the graft alone. We examined histologically the lid margins of two such grafts 2 and 9 months postoperatively. Each demonstrated scarred tarsus and absent meibomian glands. One of the two grafts had loss of cilia. The architecture of the graft tissue otherwise was preserved.
The cost-effectiveness of bike lanes in New York City

Background Our objective is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of investments in bike lanes using New York City's (NYC) fiscal year 2015 investment as a case study. We also provide a generalizable model, so that localities can estimate their return on bike lane investments. Methods and findings We evaluate the cost-effectiveness of bike lane construction using a two-stage model. Our regression analysis, to estimate the marginal addition of lane miles on the expansion in bike ridership, reveals that the 45.5 miles of bike lanes NYC constructed in 2015 at a cost of $8 109 511.47 may increase the probability of riding bikes by 9.32%. In the second stage, we constructed a Markov model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of bike lane construction. This model compares the status quo with the 2015 investment. We consider the reduced risk of injury and increased probability of ridership, costs associated with bike lane implementation and maintenance, and effectiveness due to physical activity and reduced pollution. We use Monte Carlo simulation and one-way sensitivity analysis to test the reliability of the base-case result. This model reveals that over the lifetime of all people in NYC, bike lane construction produces additional costs of $2.79 and gain of 0.0022 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per person. This results in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $1297/QALY gained (95% CI −$544/QALY gained to $5038/QALY gained). Conclusions We conclude that investments in bicycle lanes come with an exceptionally good value because they simultaneously address multiple public health problems. Investments in bike lanes are more cost-effective than the majority of preventive approaches used today.
Tubulointerstitial Injury: Signaling Pathways, Inflammation, Fibrogenesis

Renovascular hypertension (RVH) is an important cause of both renal and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis is the most common etiology underlying the development of RVH. In the stenotic kidney, the development of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy is associated with the influx of inflammatory cells. These morphologic alterations result from a complex interplay of several pathways involving the renin angiotensin system, oxidative stress, the TGF-β-Smad signaling pathway, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, leading to both local and systemic production of chemokines that promote ongoing inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. In this chapter, we will summarize recent human and experimental studies to determine how these signaling pathways interact and contribute to renal inflammation and fibrogenesis. Identification of these pathways will provide a mechanistic basis for the development of RVH and may provide the basis for novel therapeutic targets directed towards arresting the progression of renal disease in patients with renal artery stenosis.
High-Accuracy Heart Rate Variability Monitoring Using Doppler Radar Based on Gaussian Pulse Train Modeling and FTPR Algorithm

This paper presents the theoretical and experimental study of a novel noncontact heart-beat signal modeling and estimation algorithm using a compact 2.4-GHz Doppler radar. The proposed technique is able to accurately reconstruct the heart-beat signal and generates heart rate variability indices at a distance of 1.5 m away from the human body. The feasibility of the proposed approach is validated by obtaining data from eight human subjects and comparing them with photoplethysmography (PPG) measurements. A Gaussian pulse train model is suggested for the heart-beat signal along with a modified-and-combined autocorrelation and frequency-time phase regression technique for high-accuracy detection of the human heart-beat rate. The proposed method is accurate, robust, and simple, and demonstrates an average heart-beat detection accuracy of more than 90% at a distance of 1.5 m away from the subjects. In addition, the average beat-to-beat time intervals extracted from the proposed model and signal reconstruction method show less than 2% error compared to PPG measurements. Bland–Altman analysis further validated the accuracy of the proposed approach in comparison with reference data.
Dopamine Regulation of GABAA Receptors Contributes to Light/Dark Modulation of the ON-Cone Bipolar Cell Receptive Field Surround in the Retina

Cone bipolar cells are interneurons that receive synaptic input from cone photoreceptor cells and provide the output of the first synaptic layer of the retina. These cells exhibit center-surround receptive fields, a prototype of lateral inhibition between neighboring sensory cells in which stimulation of the receptive field center excites the cell whereas stimulation of the surrounding region laterally inhibits the cell. This fundamental sensory coding mechanism facilitates spatial discrimination and detection of stimulus edges. However, although it is well established that the receptive field surround is strongest when ambient or background illumination is most intense, e.g., at midday, and that the surround is minimal following maintained darkness, the synaptic mechanisms that produce and modulate the surround have not been resolved. Using electrical recording of bipolar cells under experimental conditions in which the cells exhibited surround light responses, and light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, we show in the rabbit retina that bright-light-induced activation of dopamine D1 receptors located on ON-center cone bipolar cell dendrites increases the expression and activity of GABAA receptors on the dendrites of the cells and that surround light responses depend on endogenous GABAA receptor activation. We also show that maintained darkness and D1 receptor blockade following maintained illumination and D1 receptor activation result in minimal GABAA receptor expression and activity and greatly diminished surrounds. Modulation of the D1/GABAA receptor signaling pathway of ON-cBC dendrites by the ambient light level facilitates detection of spatial details on bright days and large dim objects on moonless nights.
An overview of advances in high reliability gate driving mechanisms for SiC MOSFETs

SiC power devices exhibit low on-resistance and are capable of processing high switching frequencies at elevated temperatures. When SiC MOSFETs are employed as switch, minimizing switching power losses is crucial. A proper design of gate driving circuit for SiC MOSFET can ensure minimum losses, safe operation of the device and reliable performance. A comparative study of gate drivers for SiC MOSFETs in current literature is presented in this paper.
Systematic developmental neurotoxicity assessment of a representative PAH Superfund mixture using zebrafish

Abstract Superfund sites often consist of complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is widely recognized that PAHs pose risks to human and environmental health, but the risks posed by exposure to PAH mixtures are unclear. We constructed an environmentally relevant PAH mixture with the top 10 most prevalent PAHs (SM10) from a Superfund site derived from environmental passive sampling data. Using the zebrafish model, we measured body burden at 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) and evaluated the developmental and neurotoxicity of SM10 and the 10 individual constituents at 24 hours post fertilization (hpf) and 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Zebrafish embryos were exposed from 6 to 120 hpf to (1) the SM10 mixture, (2) a variety of individual PAHs: pyrene, fluoranthene, retene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluorene, and 2-methylnaphthalene. We demonstrated that SM10 and only 3 of the individual PAHs were developmentally toxic. Subsequently, we constructed and exposed developing zebrafish to two sub-mixtures: SM3 (comprised of 3 of the developmentally toxicity PAHs) and SM7 (7 non-developmentally toxic PAHs). We found that the SM3 toxicity profile was similar to SM10, and SM7 unexpectedly elicited developmental toxicity unlike that seen with its individual components. The results demonstrated that the overall developmental toxicity in the mixtures could be explained using the general concentration addition model. To determine if exposures activated the AHR pathway, spatial expression of CYP1A was evaluated in the 10 individual PAHs and the 3 mixtures at 5 dpf. Results showed activation of AHR in the liver and vasculature for the mixtures and some individual PAHs. Embryos exposed to SM10 during development and raised in chemical-free water into adulthood exhibited decreased learning and responses to startle stimulus indicating that developmental SM10 exposures affect neurobehavior. Collectively, these results exemplify the utility of zebrafish to investigate the developmental and neurotoxicity of complex mixtures.
Evaluation of prototype of improved electron collimation system for Elekta linear accelerators.

Purpose This study evaluated a new electron collimation system design for Elekta 6-20 MeV beams, which should reduce applicator weights by 25%-30%. Such reductions, as great as 3.9 kg for the largest applicator, should result in considerably easier handling by members of the radiotherapy team. Methods Prototype 10 × 10 and 20 × 20-cm2 applicators, used to measure weight, in-field flatness, and out-of-field leakage dose, were constructed according to the previously published design with two minor modifications: (a) rather than tungsten, lead was used for trimmer material; and (b) continuous trimmer outer-edge bevel was approximated by three steps. Because of lead plate softness, a 0.32-cm aluminum plate replaced the equivalent lead thickness on the trimmer's downstream surface for structural support. Models of all applicators (6 × 6-25 × 25 cm2 ) with these modifications were inserted into a Monte Carlo (MC) model for dose calculations using 7, 13, and 20 MeV beams. Planar dose distributions were measured and calculated at 1- and 2-cm water depths to evaluate in-field beam flatness and out-of-field leakage dose. Results Prototype 10 × 10 and 20 × 20-cm2 applicator measurements agreed with calculated weights, in-field flatness, and out-of-field leakage doses for 7, 13, and 20 MeV beams. Also, MC dose calculations showed that all applicators (6 × 6-25 × 25 cm2 ) and 7, 13, and 20 MeV beams met our stringent in-field flatness specifications (±3% major axes; ±4% diagonals) and IEC out-of-field leakage dose specifications. Conclusions Our results validated the new electron collimating system design for Elekta 6-20 MeV electron beams, which could serve as basis for a new clinical electron collimating system with significantly reduced applicator weights.
Tsuji-Trost reaction

The Tsuji–Trost reaction is the palladium-catalyzed substitution of allylic leaving groups by carbon nucleophiles. These reactions proceed via π-allylpalladium intermediates.
Long-Term Consequences of Disasters

It has become clear that disasters have a negative impact on mental health. To date, virtually all studies using control groups have found that disaster exposed individuals fare more poorly than their non-exposed peers, at least in the short run. Negative effects have also been shown with regard to general health and the use of services in the community. Risk factors for negative responses to these events have also been well-studied. The present report briefly summarizes this literature, as well as the literature addressing the impact of these events over time in adults and children. The review will focus on studies which have examined the impact of these events for at least a year. While this is actually a short follow-up, compared to, for example, the events of World War II, it likely captures more chronic, as opposed to acute, effects. Next, I will note the importance of the context in which the event occurs, and that disasters in some areas may be more devastating than the same type of event in a different region. My and my colleagues’ work in the Buffalo Creek disaster, including two second decade follow-ups, will be briefly described, and some beginning hypotheses about the shift in risk for negative outcomes over time, depending on one’s subgroup, will be offered. Finally, I will suggest areas where research is needed to better understand the impact of these events on mental health over time.
Aurora-A kinase inhibition is synthetic lethal with loss of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene.

Loss-of-function mutations in the retinoblastoma gene RB1 are common in several treatment-refractory cancers such as small-cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. To identify drugs synthetic lethal with RB1 mutation (RB1mut), we tested 36 cell-cycle inhibitors using a cancer cell panel profiling approach optimized to discern cytotoxic from cytostatic effects. Inhibitors of the Aurora kinases, AurA and AurB, showed the strongest RB1 association in this assay. LY3295668, an AurA inhibitor with over 1000-fold selectivity versus AurB, is distinguished by minimal toxicity to bone marrow cells at concentrations active against RB1mut cancer cells and leads to durable regression of RB1mut tumor xenografts at exposures that are well tolerated in rodents. Genetic suppression screens identified enforcers of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) as essential for LY3295668 cytotoxicity in Rb-deficient cancers and suggest a model in which a primed SAC creates a unique dependency on AurA kinase for mitotic exit and survival.
Everywhere Differentiable, Nowhere Continuous Functions

We introduce and analyze a notion of Cesaro differentiability that corresponds to the notion of Cesaro continuity studied by Halmos.
Organic agriculture in Italy: challenges and perspectives

For more than two decades, we have been witnessing a constant global increase of the organic sector. In the international sphere and within the EU, Italy is represented as a leader country. The strategic relevance of Italian organic agriculture has been recognized by the government which, in 2004 and for the following years, has funded the National Action Plan for Organic Food and Farming (PAN-ABPB) for promoting and spreading organic products in the domestic and foreign markets. The organic market expansion calls for innovative solutions along the organic food chain to answer adequately the increasing needs of producers and consumers. In this context, research and innovation play a crucial role. In Italy, as in other countries, organic food and farming research has suffered a setback for several years due to very high fragmentation. In order to overcome this obstacle, in the last few years, two important research and innovation networks have been established, namely the Italian Research Network in Organic Farming (RIRAB—Rete Italiana per la Ricerca in Agricoltura Biologica) and the Italian Technology Platform on Organic Food and Farming (PTBio Italia), a mirror of the European Technology Platform “TP Organics.” The first one includes most Italian researchers involved in the different organic research areas, while PTBio Italia is an open forum involving the main organic stakeholders for discussing and defining priorities for organic research and innovation. Future positive perspectives of the Italian organic sector can be envisaged with more emphasis on the organic innovation be put through more effective collaboration with related European platforms.
The Nature of Monetary Measurement

Two of the more interesting controversies to emerge in macroeconomic theory and policy in recent years have concerned the general topic of monetary measurement. Chronologically, the first of these issues can be said to revolve around the question, What is the current impact of monetary policy on the economy? The second issue may be expressed by the disarmingly simple question, What is money? The initial topic arose within the academic literature of the 1960s and 1970s and was couched in the guise of an elusive search for the optimal “indicator” of monetary policy. The other inquiry has come to prominence more recently and in a more popular and public domain as Federal Reserve officials and financial market participants embarked on an equally elusive quest to find an acceptable definition of money.
Is perception the missing link between creativity, curiosity and schizotypy? Evidence from spontaneous eye-movements and responses to auditory oddball stimuli

What is the relationship between creativity, curiosity, and schizotypy? Schizophrenia-spectrum conditions and creativity have been linked to deficits in filtering sensory information, and curiosity is associated with information-seeking. This raises the possibility of a perception-based link between all three concepts. Here, we investigated whether the same individual differences in perceptual encoding explain variance in creativity, curiosity, and schizotypy. We administered an active auditory oddball task and a free viewing eye-tracking paradigm (N = 88). Creativity was measured with the figural portion of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) and two self-report scales. Schizotypy and curiosity were measured with self-reports. We found that creativity was associated with increased reaction time to the rare tone in the oddball task and was positively associated with the number and duration of fixations in the free viewing task. Schizotypy, on the other hand, showed a negative trend with the number and duration of fixations. Both creativity and curiosity were positively associated with explorative eye movements (unique number of regions visited) and Shannon entropy, while schizotypy was negatively associated with entropy. We further compared saliency maps finding that individuals high versus low in creativity and curiosity, respectively, exhibit differences in where they look. These findings may suggest a perception-based link between creativity and curiosity, but not schizotypy. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
Clostridiodes Difficile (C. difficile, CD) Screening upon Transplant Admission Better Defines the Epidemiology of C. Difficile Infections.

Background Clostridiodes difficile infections (CDI) are a significant cause of morbidity in the early transplant period, with reported incidences in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients as high as 33%. Previously published data from our center found that 650 of 781 (83.2%) HCTs performed from 2010 to 2013 had a stool sample submitted for CD testing in the peritransplant setting. Testing identified 86 (13.2%) cases with CDI (12% in autologous and 17.5% in allogeneic HCT recipients), the majority being diagnosed within a week after transplantation. In December of 2018, Infection Control at Emory University Hospital implemented a HCT-unit CD screening policy for all patients upon admission. This review was aimed to assess the effects the new screening policy had on healthcare-facility onset (HO) CDI rates in our transplant population. Methods This is a retrospective review of autologous and allogeneic HCT recipients admitted from January 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019. All HCT patients admitted during this time period were included. Per the CD screening policy, PCR based testing of stool samples would be performed for all patients within 3 calendar days of admission. Patients with positive screens that later develop symptoms of CDI were classified as community-onset (CO), whereas patients with negative or absent screening tests were considered HO if subsequently had positive testing. If positive screened patients developed CDI and had been hospitalized at our facility within the past 4 weeks then they were classified as community-onset healthcare facility-associated (CO-HCFA). Results A total of 210 patients were admitted for transplant during the time frame (155 autologous and 55 allogeneic). The median age was 57.6 years and 55.2% were male. One-hundred forty-three (68.1%) patients were screened within 3 calendar days of admission. Screening identified 20 (14%) positive screens with 15 being autologous HCT. There were 16 additional positive tests identified on days 4 through 30 with 10 being autologous HCT. The 36 cases were classified as 6.2% (13) HO, 8.1% (17) CO and 2.9% (6) CO-HCFA. Conclusion CD screening upon transplant admission allowed our facility to more clearly define the epidemiology of CDIs on our transplant unit. By identifying patients colonized with CD, our faculty reduced the number of CDI that would have historically been classified as HO. As only 68.1% of transplant recipients were screened upon admission, the opportunity exists to improve identification of colonized patients. A full analysis of CDI screening for all patients admitted to the transplant unit, which includes patients receiving chemotherapy and transplant readmissions, is planned for a later date.
Are You Better Than a 12-Year-Old Student? A Pilot Study to Explore Physical Literacy in Preservice Physical Education Teachers

Physical educators play a key role in role modeling to students within the school context. Therefore, there is a need to understand whether current physical education teacher education (PETE) provides sufficient knowledge and practice to prepare preservice educators to be successful. Thirty PETE preservice teachers (23 males, 7 females, aged 19–26) participated in this study. Participants performed tests in physical fitness and motor performance and completed an online questionnaire about cognitive factors (e.g., knowledge and understanding). In addition, a 7-day walking step total was recorded as daily activity in accordance with the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy testing battery. Each participant’s performance was compared with the achievement level of a 12-year-old child. Participants had significantly better performance in muscular strength (measured as handgrip test) and flexibility (measured as sit-and-reach test) than a 12-year-old. However, participants had significantly poorer performance in aerobic fitness (measured as PACER), motor performance (measured as obstacle course test), and muscular endurance (measured as plank test) than a 12-year-old. In addition, participants had significantly lower knowledge and understanding of health and physical activity than a 12-year-old. A positive relationship between physical competence (i.e., overall performance in physical fitness and motor performance) and cognitive factor was shown among participants. Growth and maturation may explain participants’ better performance in muscular strength and flexibility. Excessive weight status and low level of knowledge may have contributed to their poor performance in the physical competence domain. The positive relationship may indicate that cognitive factors are a strong predictor of the performance of physical fitness and motor performance. Therefore, for physical educators to promote a healthy lifestyle in education settings, the current PETE curriculum needs to be reviewed and relevant information delivered to promote physical literacy in PETE preservice teachers. Subscribe to TPE
Chapter 6 – Biohazards

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes that over the last three decades it became increasingly evident that in addition to those hazards and risks typically faced by emergency response personnel, much attention is to be given to the hazards and risks posed by the continually expanding profusion of industrial and commercial chemicals. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) implemented its own “Bloodborne Pathogen Standard.” The recognition of blood borne pathogens as an occupational risk to any personnel having contact with blood and body fluids of infected persons is firmly established, blood borne pathogens do not exhaust the range of biohazards that may present health risks to emergency responders. With the rapidly growing mobility and population density of persons in an increasingly cosmopolitan global village, the ever developing industrial and commercial use of biotechnology and, the misuse of previous pharmaceutical technology, the general public continues to be at high risk due to a host of pathogenic and parasitic organisms, with yearly deaths exceeding and accounting for one-third of deaths worldwide.
Vehicle size choice and automobile externalities: A dynamic analysis

Abstract We study the effect of highway congestion on the “arms race” on American roads, which has led to larger and more powerful vehicles that reduce safety and increase fuel consumption. We develop a new methodology to estimate a dynamic vehicle size choice and replacement model and find that congestion delays affect vehicle sizes. We then show that by addressing complementary externalities – congestion and the externalities associated with larger vehicle sizes – congestion pricing could reduce the vehicle fatality rate, generating $25 billion in annual benefits, and could improve vehicle fleet fuel efficiency, generating roughly $10 billion in annual operating cost savings.
Mind-Body and Psychosocial Interventions May Similarly Affect Heart Rate Variability Patterns in Cancer Recovery: Implications for a Mechanism of Symptom Improvement.

Background:Advancements in early detection and treatment of cancer have led to increased survival rates and greater need to identify effective supportive care options for resolving symptoms of surv...
Electron-Capture Decay of Pu 237

The conversion and $K$-Auger electron spectra of ${\mathrm{Pu}}^{237}$ (produced by alpha bombardment of ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$) were examined with a permanent-magnet spectrograph and a solenoidal beta-ray spectrometer. The photon spectrum was studied with scintillation spectrometers and the following intensity ratios were determined: $K$ x-radiation: $L$ x-radiation: 59.6-kev gamma radiation = 1.00: 0.75: 0.14. Data from the beta-ray and scintillation spectrometers were used to calculate a $K$-Auger electron coefficient of 0.06\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 for $Z=93$. Coincidence measurements established the existence of both $K$- and $L$-electron capture to the 59.6-kev level of ${\mathrm{Np}}^{237}$. The ratio of $L$ to $K$ capture to that level was found to be 2.8, and from this ratio a total electron-capture decay energy of 0.21 Mev was calculated for ${\mathrm{Pu}}^{237}$. This value is in good agreement with that of 0.22 Mev estimated from closed decay-energy cycles. The experimental data indicate that the principal branches of electron-capture decay are to the 59.6-kev (15%) and the 33.2-kev (22%) levels, and to the ground state (60%) of ${\mathrm{Np}}^{237}$, with corresponding $log\mathrm{ft}$ values of 6.8, 6.9, and 6.8, respectively.
Phyllodes tumor metastatic to thyroid Hürthle cell adenoma: An unusual tumor-to-tumor metastasis

○ We present a case of a malignant phyllodes tumor metastasizing to a Hurthle cell adenoma of the thyroid. A 55-year-old woman underwent mastectomy for a malignant phyllodes tumor. Two years later, she presented with a left thyroid mass, which was a single, circumscribed, soft, deep red-brown nodular lesion with an eccentric area of firmer consistency. Histologically, the thyroid tumor was composed of 2 distinct types of cellular proliferation. Atypical spindle cells were infiltrating between the Hurthle cell cords and follicles in a fibrosarcomatous pattern. A battery of immunohistochemical stains was applied to both the thyroid and breast tumors for comparison. Based on the histologic and immunophenotypic features of the fibrosarcomatous components of both the breast and thyroid tumors, we rendered a diagnosis of cystosarcoma phyllodes metastatic to Hurthle cell adenoma. To the best of our knowledge, this unusual case is a first report of tumor-to-tumor metastasis of a sarcoma to a primary thyroid neoplasm.
Exploring the anharmonic vibrational structure of carbon dioxide trimers

Our previously developed mbCO2 potential [O. Sode and J. N. Cherry, J. Comput. Chem. 38, 2763 (2017)] is used to describe the vibrational structure of the intermolecular motions of the CO2 trimers: barrel-shaped and cyclic trimers. Anharmonic corrections are accounted for using the vibrational self-consistent field theory, vibrational second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation (VMP2) theory, and vibrational configuration interaction (VCI) methods and compared with experimental observations. For the cyclic structure, we revise the assignments of two previously observed experimental peaks based on our VCI and VMP2 results. We note that the experimental band observed near 13 cm-1 is the out-of-phase out-of-plane degenerate motion with E″ symmetry, while the peak observed at 18 cm-1 likely corresponds to the symmetric out-of-plane torsion A″ vibration. Since the VCI treatment of the vibrational motions accounts for vibrational mixing and delocalization, overtones and combination bands were also observed and quantified in the intermolecular regions of the two trimer isomers.
Non-Surgical Treatments for Keratinocyte Carcinomas

Skin cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide, comprising approximately 30% of all human tumors. In recent decades, the incidence of keratinocyte carcinomas, which include basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, has been steadily increasing globally (Rogers et al. in JAMA Dermatol 151(10):1081–1086. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.1187 , 2015; Nehal and Bichakjian in N Engl J Med 379(4):363–374. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1708701 , 2018). Most tumors are cured with surgical excision; however, some tumors are best treated with non-surgical approaches. Superficial tumors can often be cured with non-surgical methods whereas more advanced stage tumors may not be amenable to surgery. Additionally, surgical treatment may not be available for all populations depending on geographic location and accessibility to care. This article reviews commonly utilized nonsurgical options such as cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, topical treatments, and radiation as well as systemic treatments including immunotherapies and chemotherapies.