cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the motivations for the non-medical use of prescription drugs in young adults.

Abstract Background Young adults (18–25) are most at-risk for the non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD). Understanding this population's motivations for use can help inform efforts to reduce NMUPD. Therefore, this systematic review synthesizes the findings from research on young adults' motivations to engage in NMUPD. Methods Based on PRISMA guidelines, relevant databases were systematically searched for articles that assessed the motivations for NMUPD in young adults and college-aged students. Search strings included a range of prescription drug classes and terms to ensure an exhaustive review. Results The search resulted in identifying 353 potential articles after duplicates were removed, and 37 articles were included in the final qualitative synthesis. Of the final articles, the majority investigated the non-medical use of prescription stimulants in U.S. student populations cross-sectionally. Seven studies, either exclusively or in combination with other medications, researched prescription opioids, and five investigated central nervous system depressants. Only one study investigated motivations over time. Conclusion There are many ways in which the current literature can be expanded, including researching other populations and focusing on prescriptions other than stimulants. Using the medications for their prescribed properties and known side effects emerged as a consistent theme. It was also fairly common for young adults to report recreational motives. Issues with measurement and definitions of key terms (e.g., non-medical) would benefit from consistency in future work. Research on motivations should continue and be incorporated into the larger drug use context, as well as existing prevention and intervention strategies.
Piezoelectric energy harvesting from heartbeat vibrations for leadless pacemakers

This paper studies energy harvesting from heartbeat vibrations using fan-folded piezoelectric beams. The generated energy from the heartbeat can be used to power a leadless pacemaker. In order to utilize the available 3 dimensional space to the energy harvester, we chose the fan-folded design. The proposed device consists of several piezoelectric beams stacked on top of each other. The size for this energy harvester is 2 cm by 0.5 cm by 1 cm, which makes the natural frequency very high. High natural frequency is one major concern about the micro-scaled energy harvesters. By utilizing the fan-folded geometry and adding tip mass and link mass to the configuration, this natural frequency is reduced to the desired range. This fan-folded design makes it possible to generate more than 10 μW of power. The proposed device does not incorporate magnets and is thus Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible. Although our device is a linear energy harvester, it is shown that the device is relatively insensitive to the heartrate. The natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the device are calculated. An analytical solution is presented and the method is verified by experimental investigation. We use a closed loop shaker controller and a shaker to simulate the heartbeat vibrations. The developed analytical model is verified through comparison of theoretical and experimental tip displacement and acceleration frequency response functions.
FINE-SCALE MEASUREMENT OF SEDIMENT SUSPENSION BY BREAKING WAVES AT SUPERTANK

During the SUPERTANK data collection project, a mobile, vertical array of five Optical Backscatterance Sensors was used to measure sand suspension in the outer surf zone. Test conditions included both regular and random waves, and two different wave energy levels. Examination of the data reveals significant cross-shore variation in both the structure of the time-dependent concentration, as well as mean suspended load.
Thermal Resistance of Silicon/Germanium Interfaces From Lattice Dynamics Calculations

Phonon scattering at the interface between two materials results in a thermal resistance, R [1]. An ability to accurately predict the thermal resistance of semiconductor interfaces is important in devices where phonon interface scattering is a significant contributor to the overall thermal resistance (e.g., computer chips with high component density). This ability will also lead to improvements in the design of semiconductor superlattices with low thermal conductivity, desirable in thermoelectric energy conversion applications [2].© 2009 ASME
Investigations of Methods in the Study of Anaphylaxis.

Comparisons were made of the intraperitoneal, respiratory and Dale methods with the intravenous route to determine which method of inducing anaphylactic shock was most reliable in the evaluation of a given state of hypersensitiveness. To make such a determination, we deviated somewhat from the regular method of a single shock dose and employed what might be termed the double shock method, that is we compared 2 criteria in the same animal.In the first group we gave intraperitoneal injections to 46 sensitized animals. From one to several hours later these same animals received an intravenous injection of the same material in considerably smaller amounts.Of these 46 animals, 21 were negative by both methods. Of the remaining, after the intraperitoneal injection 12 were negative, 3 gave a ± reaction,1 5 gave a + reaction and 5 gave a + + + reaction. After the intravenous injection 2 gave a + reaction, 5 gave a + + reaction, 4 gave a + + + reaction and 14 died. Comparing our results, the reactions following th...
A Function of the Eosinophil: Phagocytosis of Antigen-ntibody Complexes.

SummaryPeritoneal exudates were produced in guinea pigs by intraperitoneal injection of ferritin in previously immunized animals. The centrifuged cells of the exudate examined with the electron microscope were found to contain 10–15% eosinophils. Ferritin-antibody complexes, characteristic of in vitro immune complexes were observed within the cytoplasm of eosinophils and other granulocytes. This observation indicates that eosinophilia is mediated by immune complexes and provides evidence that at least one function of the eosinophil is the phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complexes. Our results showed no evidence that eosinophils are implicated in the formation of antibody.
A randomized clinical trial of a parent-focused social-cognitive processing intervention for caregivers of children undergoing hematopoetic stem cell transplantation.

Objective Providing care to one's child during and after a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a universally stressful experience, but few psychological interventions have been developed to reduce caregiver distress. The goal of this study was to test the efficacy of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention delivered to primary caregivers. Method Two hundred eighteen caregivers were assigned either best-practice psychosocial care (BPC) or a parent social-cognitive intervention program (P-SCIP). The 5 session P-SCIP was delivered during the HSCT hospitalization. Caregivers completed measures of distress, optimism, coping, and fear appraisals preintervention, 1, 6 months, and 1 year. Results P-SCIP reduced caregiver's distress significantly more than BPC between the pretransplant assessment (Time 1) and 1-month follow-up assessment (Time 2). P-SCIP had a stronger effect than BPC among caregivers who began the hospitalization reporting higher depression and anxiety, and among caregivers whose children developed graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Long-term treatment effects of P-SCIP were seen in traumatic distress among caregivers who reported higher anxiety pretransplant as well as among caregivers whose children had GvHD at HSCT discharge. Conclusions Screening caregivers for elevations in pretransplant anxiety and targeting interventions specifically to these caregivers, as well as targeting caregivers to children who develop GvHD, may prove beneficial.
The Supportive Reasons Norm

In this chapter I first present my proposal for the central norm governing the practice of assertion, which I call the Supportive Reasons Norm (SRN).1 One of the distinctive features of the norm is that what it takes to satisfy the norm changes with shifts in assertoric context. In fact, in some special contexts, the norm licenses speakers to assert what they know to be false. Moreover, by properly understanding the social importance of the practice of asserting, we can recognize that there are conventional and pragmatic features internal to the practice. These internal features should be made explicit in our articulation of the norm, and not treated as inessential to it. This feature of my view sets it apart from views such as Williamson’s (2000) simple Knowledge Norm as well as other extant proposals of reasons-based norms such as Jennifer Lackey’s (2007) Reasonable-to-Believe Norm (RTBN) and Igor Douven’s (2006) Rational Credibility Rule (RCR).2 Here, I offer a preliminary defense of the view. I save the more complete defense of the view for Chapters 8 and 9. I begin with a brief presentation of SRN. I then turn in section 3 to present a case of a warranted false assertion. In section 4, I return to more clearly explicate a number of key concepts of SRN not addressed in section 2.
Coronary heart disease and silent myocardial ischemia

Silent myocardial ischemia was studied in 100 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), proved by the coronary arteriogram (at least one major coronary artery narrowed by > or = 50%). The study demonstrated that 51 of 100 patients with CHD had episodes of myocardial ischemia by Holter monitoring. In the 51 patients, during daily activities, through 24-hour Holter monitoring, 239 transient episodes of ST depression were detected, 161 of the total were asymptomatic (67.4%). There were no statistically significant differences in the heart rate and the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure before ST depression between asymptomatic and symptomatic episodes. The heart rate at the time of maximal ST depression during both asymptomatic and symptomatic ischemia increased by 13 and 22 beats/min, respectively, over those before ST depression (P < 0.01); whereas the increase in heart rate during symptomatic ischemia was more significant than during asymptomatic ischemia (P < 0.01). The increase of product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure at the time of maximal ST depression during asymptomatic and symptomatic ischemia were 22.2 and 35.4, respectively, over those before ST depression (P < 0.01). The incidence of silent ischemic episodes in patients with single vessel disease was 81.7% and those with multivessel disease was 61.3% (P < 0.01). The frequency of silent ischemic episodes was maximal (36% of total number of ischemic episodes) between 6 a.m. and 12 a.m. during 24-hour, whereas the incidence of silent ischemic episodes in patients with single vessel disease was similar to that in patients with multivessel disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nondeterministic Effects of Events

An event has nondeterministic effects if the event can have two or more alternative effects. For example, flipping a coin has two alternative effects: the coin may land with heads showing, or it may land with tails showing. We represent nondeterministic effects of events in the event calculus by allowing event occurrences to give rise to several classes of models. We describe two ways of representing nondeterministic effects in the event calculus: determining fluents and disjunctive event axioms. These techniques enable the representation of uncertainty about the effects of events.
Pathologic response in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Is therapeutic effect owing to chemotherapy or TURBT?

Abstract Purpose We estimated the proportion of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer whose tumors were downstaged by transurethral resection. Materials and methods We identified patients with cT2 N0 urothelial carcinoma who underwent cystectomy at our institution from 2005 to 2014—overall, 139 underwent transurethral resection without chemotherapy, and 146 underwent transurethral resection with chemotherapy. Pathologic response was defined as Results Neoadjuvant patients were younger than nonneoadjuvant patients (64.4 vs. 71.4 years, P 2 , P P P P P Conclusions We estimate that in a cohort of patients who receive chemotherapy and undergo transurethral resection before cystectomy, 38% of pathologic response can be attributed to transurethral resection. Understanding who responds to chemotherapy and who responds to transurethral resection is needed to measure the effectiveness of both interventions.
The Collective Memory of the Black Dancing Body: The 2016 Revival of Cabin in the Sky

The 2016 revival of the 1940 “Negro musical” Cabin in the Sky promised to recapture the artistic brilliance of the original production while stripping the show of its racist structures. The success of the revival was due largely to the choreography of Camille A. Brown, who, without a score to follow, was free to reinvent the movement vocabulary. Did this creative freedom contribute to the erasure of Katherine Dunham’s choreographic contributions to the original Cabin in the Sky ? Or in the act of reinvention, did Dunham’s work somehow survive?
Optimizing preplant irrigation for maize under limited water in the High Plains

Abstract Due to inadequate irrigation capacity, some farmers in the United States High Plains apply preplant irrigation to buffer the crop between irrigation events during the cropping season. The purpose of the study was to determine preplant irrigation amount and irrigation capacity combinations that optimize yield, water productivity, and precipitation use efficiency (PUE) and minimize soil water evaporation losses prior to planting. The CERES-Maize model embedded in the RZWQM2 model in combination with long-term climatic data from 1986 to 2014 for southwest Kansas were used for this research. Experimental data from 2006 to 2009 was used to calibrate and validate the model. Model performance was satisfactory with high index of agreement (IA > 0.88). Relative root mean square error (RRMSE) ranged between 4.5% and 27%. Under very limited irrigation capacity (2.5 mm/day), applying 75–100 mm of preplant irrigation produced median yields that were 10–17% higher than not applying preplant irrigation. However, even at limited irrigation capacity the benefit of preplant irrigation were only realized if the seasonal yield potential was in the range of 6000 to 10,000 kg/ha corresponding to years with normal seasonal rainfall. Irrigation capacity had a stronger effect on maize grain yield compared to preplant irrigation amount. Preplant irrigation increased ET and transpiration under 2.5 mm/day irrigation capacity. Preplant irrigation amount did not have a substantial impact on water productivity at high and moderate irrigation capacity but had second order dominant effect under limited irrigation capacity. At low irrigation capacity (2.5 mm/day) increasing preplant irrigation increased median PUE up to 18% although the effect was second order dominant. Negligible water losses through deep percolation from 2.4 m soil profile were simulated. Increasing preplant irrigation resulted in significantly higher soil water evaporation losses prior to planting at all irrigation capacities. Overall preplant irrigation is beneficial under very limited irrigation capacity but is not necessary under sufficient irrigation capacity in most years. The decision to apply preplant irrigation should be evaluated and implemented carefully in combination with other agricultural water management technologies and strategies such as soil water monitoring, drip irrigation, and residue management.
Residual stress sensitivity analysis using a complex variable finite element method

Abstract The application of the complex variable finite element method, ZFEM, to structures containing residual stresses is detailed. A thick-walled sphere model is subjected to an autofrettage process to induce the residual stress field and solved using ZFEM. The stress results from ZFEM are compared to an analytical solution and to standard finite element results. Sensitivities are calculated with respect to material parameters and to the applied load. The ZFEM partial derivative results are shown to provide excellent accuracy when compared with numerical derivatives of the analytical solution and finite differencing of standard finite element solutions. Hence, ZFEM provides an effective step-size independent method to compute shape, material and loading sensitivities for structures subjected to residual stresses.
Analyzing Rates of Seriously Delinquent Mortgages in Asian Census Tracts in the United States

Although race and ethnicity have been analyzed and discussed in the context of the national foreclosure crisis, there has been little work on neighborhoods in which different Asian subgroups reside...
Reproducibility of Cognitive Profiles in Psychosis Using Cluster Analysis.

Objectives: Cognitive dysfunction is a core symptom dimension that cuts across the psychoses. Recent findings support classification of patients along the cognitive dimension using cluster analysis; however, data-derived groupings may be highly determined by sampling characteristics and the measures used to derive the clusters, and so their interpretability must be established. We examined cognitive clusters in a cross-diagnostic sample of patients with psychosis and associations with clinical and functional outcomes. We then compared our findings to a previous report of cognitive clusters in a separate sample using a different cognitive battery. Methods: Participants with affective or non-affective psychosis (n=120) and healthy controls (n=31) were administered the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, and clinical and community functioning assessments. Cluster analyses were performed on cognitive variables, and clusters were compared on demographic, cognitive, and clinical measures. Results were compared to findings from our previous report. Results: A four-cluster solution provided a good fit to the data; profiles included a neuropsychologically normal cluster, a globally impaired cluster, and two clusters of mixed profiles. Cognitive burden was associated with symptom severity and poorer community functioning. The patterns of cognitive performance by cluster were highly consistent with our previous findings. Conclusions: We found evidence of four cognitive subgroups of patients with psychosis, with cognitive profiles that map closely to those produced in our previous work. Clusters were associated with clinical and community variables and a measure of premorbid functioning, suggesting that they reflect meaningful groupings: replicable, and related to clinical presentation and functional outcomes. (JINS, 2018, 24, 382–390)
Approximation of Fuzzy Numbers Using Max-Product Operators

Here we study quantitatively the approximation of fuzzy numbers by fuzzy approximators generated by the Max-product operators of Bernstein type and Meyer-Koning and Zeller type. It follows Anastassiou, Approximation of Fuzzy Numbers by Max-Product Operators, 2017, [1].
Metabolic Flux and Subcellular Transport of Metabolites

Recent advances in 13C NMR observations of metabolism in intact tissues have taken the applications of this method from static measurements of relative metabolic activity to quantification of metabolic flux rate and metabolite transport. An exciting application from this new understanding comes from the translation of metabolic conditions between the cytosol and mitochondria for physiological studies of metabolic regulation.
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques

It has been my honor to serve as General Chair for PACT'2006. We have an exciting program and a wonderful venue in Seattle, and we hope that you will be able to partake of some of what the city has to offer.Our Program Chairs, Kevin Skadron and Ben Zorn, and their Program Committee have put together a strong program of technical papers. We also are also pleased to offer three keynote addresses.Our Workshops Chair, Albert Cohen, and our Tutorials Chair, Sandhya Dwarkadas also put together strong offerings, with four workshops and five tutorials on a variety of topics likely to be of interest to PACT attendees.Seattle is a beautiful and vibrant city. The surrounding area offers a wealth of scenic beauty and natural attractions, and we encourage you to avail yourself of some of these when time permits. Seattle's natural wonders include beautiful Puget Sound, the Olympic Peninsula, the Cascade Mountains, and Mount Rainier. Seattle is also a tremendous cultural center, with world class dining, music, and the arts. Seattle is center of high-tech industry, and we will have an opportunity to see that industry first-hand, during our excursion to the Boeing wide-body assembly plant in Everett, Washington. Our Local Arrangements Chair, Trishul Chilimbi, has worked hard to arrange this visit, and to ensure that the conference facilities matched the high quality of the program. I thank the Steering Committee for their support for holding PACT in Seattle and their many points of guidance.Sony has also been provided strong support to PACT, and will sponsor Tuesday's lunch. We also appreciate the support of CA (Computer Associates) for their support of the Tuesday evening reception. Microsoft and IBM have also continued their longstanding support for PACT.Our Finance Chair, Lixin Zhang, has done in excellent job in making handling our funds, and our Registration Chair, Michael Gschwind, has likewise done an excellent job in both developing and running the registration process.
Investigating the Use of a Nonspeech Task to Measure Tongue-Jaw Differentiation: Findings Across Typical Development.

Purpose Clinically, a task of alternating tongue lateralization has been used to evaluate the ability to independently control the tongue and jaw, with jaw movement interpreted as a sign of poor to...
Intra- and inter-individual relationships between central and peripheral serotonergic activity in humans: a serial cerebrospinal fluid sampling study.

Data are lacking concerning the longitudinal covariability and cross-sectional balance between central and peripheral 5-HIAA concentrations in humans and on the possible associations between tobacco smoking or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and CSF and plasma 5-HIAA concentrations. Using serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood sampling, we determined the concentrations of 5-HIAA in CSF and plasma over 6 h, and examined their relationships in healthy volunteers and patients with PTSD—both smokers and nonsmokers. Patients with PTSD and healthy volunteers had very similar CSF 5-HIAA concentrations. Significant and positive correlations between CSF and plasma 5-HIAA levels were observed within individuals, but this CNS-peripheral 5-HIAA relationship was significantly reduced in smokers (nonsmokers: mean r = 0.559 ± 0.072; smokers: mean r = 0.329 ± 0.064 p < 0.038). No significant cross-sectional, interindividual correlation of mean CSF and mean plasma 5-HIAA was seen (r = 0.094). These data show that changes in CSF 5-HIAA levels within an individual over time are largely reflected in plasma 5-HIAA, albeit significantly less so in smokers. The present results therefore suggest that clinically, longitudinal determination of plasma 5-HIAA concentrations within an individual patient can be used to make inferences about relative changes in integrated CSF 5-HIAA concentrations. However, plasma 5-HIAA concentrations provide no significant information about absolute levels of the serotonin metabolite in the CSF.
Technical Aspect of Contrast-Enhanced MRA

Although MR angiography (MRA) has revolutionized imaging of vascular diseases, the complicated nature of blood/soft tissue contrast mechanisms and the unique artifacts associated with each of the many techniques have made it challenging for referring physicians to become comfortable interpreting noncontrast MRA studies. Fortunately, contrast-enhanced (CE) MRA provides the type of contrast arteriogram that clinicians and radiologists are comfortable interpreting while eliminating the risks of radiation, iodinated contrast, and arterial catheterization (Zhang et al. Semin Roentgenol 44: 84–98, 2009). Just like DSA and CTA, CE-MRA provides reliable enhancement of the arterial lumen during the arterial phase of the Gd bolus injection. Although MR imaging is slower than DSA or CTA, advances in magnet technology, gradient performance, pulse sequence design, and MR contrast agents continue to improve CE-MRA image quality such that it rivals DSA in accuracy for diagnosing vascular anomalies and diseases. This chapter describes the basic principles underlying CE-MRA techniques, approaches to optimizing applications throughout the body, and methods of contrast agent bolus timing.
Order of Mention in Causal Sequences: Talking about Cause and Effect in Narratives and Warning Signs

Causal sequences can be segmented into cause and effect. However, some argue causal relations in discourse are by default in effect–cause order. Others claim cause–effect order is easier to process...
PEG-b-poly (carbonate)-derived nanocarrier platform with pH-responsive properties for pancreatic cancer combination therapy

Abstract A pH-responsive nanoparticle platform, based on PEG-b-poly (carbonate) block copolymers have been proposed that can respond to low pH as found in many cancer micro- and intracellular environment, including that in pancreatic cancer. The hydrophobic domain, i.e., the poly (carbonate) segment has been substituted with tertiary amine side chains, such as N, Nʹ-dibutylethylenediamine (pKa = 4.0, DB) and 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethyl-amine (pka = 5.4, Py) to generate two different sets of block copolymers namely PEG-DB and PEG-PY systems. These side-chain appended amines promote disassembly of nanoparticles and activation of drug release in response to pH conditions mimicking extra- (pH 6.9–6.5) and intracellular compartments (5.5–4.5, from early endosome to lysosome) of cancer tissues respectively. A frontline chemotherapy used for pancreatic cancer, i.e., gemcitabine (GEM) and a Hedgehog inhibitor (GDC 0449) has been used as the model combination to evaluate the encapsulation and pH-dependent release efficiency of these block copolymers. We found that, depending on the tertiary amine side chains appended to the polycarbonate segment, these block copolymers self-assemble to form nanoparticles with the size range of 100–150 nm (with a critical association concentration value in the order of 10−6 M). We also demonstrated an approach where GEM and GDC 0449-encapsulated PEG-DB and PEG-PY nanoparticles, responsive to two different pH conditions, when mixed at a 1:1 vol ratio, yielded a pH-dependent co-release of the encapsulated contents. We envision that such release behaviour can be exploited to gain spatiotemporal control over drug accumulation in pathological compartments with different pH status. The mixture of pH-responsive nanoparticles was found to suppress pancreatic cancer cell proliferation when loaded with anticancer agents in vitro. Cell-proliferation assay showed that both variants of PEG-b-polycarbonate block copolymers were inherently non-toxic. We have also immobilized iRGD peptide on intracellularly activable PEG-DB systems to augment cellular uptake. These targeted nanoparticles were found to promote selective internalization of particles in pancreatic cancer cells and tumor tissue.
Short-term impacts of Phragmites management on nutrient budgets and plant communities in Great Lakes coastal freshwater marshes

Invasive plant management is a key focus of wetland managers, and considerable resources have been devoted to control of non-native Phragmites australis in many Great Lakes coastal wetlands. This study examined short-term (1-year) impacts of herbicide management by comparing wetland plant productivity, nutrient availability, and plant communities before and after herbicide treatment in two coastal wetlands. We also monitored a third wetland in years 3–5 following herbicide treatment. After herbicide treatment, annual aboveground net primary production and plant nitrogen and phosphorus uptake decreased dramatically (by an average of 88%, 80% and 89% respectively; p < 0.05); porewater soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and surface water ammonium increased at one site (p < 0.05), while porewater ammonium increased at the other site (p < 0.05); porewater dissolved organic carbon concentrations increased at both sites (p < 0.05); and porewater nitrate did not change at either site. Despite large reductions in Phragmites biomass following herbicide treatment, floristic quality did not improve. When scaled to the area surrounding Lake Erie’s Western Basin treated with herbicide in 2012, the reduction in plant nutrient uptake accounted for 24 × 103 kg of phosphorus and 159 × 103 kg of nitrogen, nutrients potentially available for export to coastal waters. This amount was small relative to average annual (2009–2014) loading from the Maumee River, but similar in magnitude to summer loading in 2012 (57% of total nitrogen and 478% of SRP riverine loading), a year of low discharge and loading. Our results highlight the trade-offs inherent in managing invasive plants.
Coronary Artery Ectasia: An Insight into Intraprocedural and Postprocedural Management Strategies.

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) can present as an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with a high clot burden in ectatic coronary arteries. Thrombectomy with intracoronary thrombolysis often does not ensure immediate blood flow. Also, there have not been clear guidelines regarding long-term management in such cases. A 40-year-old male presented with anginal chest discomfort and a working diagnosis of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was made. The initial angiography showed thrombotic occlusion of several large and ectatic coronary arteries with visibly swirling blood flow. The culprit lesions were treated with balloon angioplasty and multiple rounds of thrombectomy yielding red thrombi. Interestingly, the post-intervention antegrade flow decreased in both vessels (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score: 0), possibly because of the distal migration of the clots. Peri-procedure, the patient received two boluses of eptifibatide, 180 mcg/kg each, followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mcg/kg/minute for 18 hours. Afterward, the patient was started on ticagrelor and continued on daily aspirin, high-intensity statin, beta blocker, and Coumadin® with heparin bridge. During the one year follow-up period, the Coumadin was switched to rivaroxaban, ticagrelor was stopped after six months, and the patient was continued on guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for coronary artery disease (CAD) with favorable outcomes. The presented case gives us an insight into not only the intra-procedural but also the post-procedural management of ACS in the setting of CAE, and that is thrombectomy alone followed by longer duration oral anticoagulation in addition to GDMT for CAD. However, it will be interesting to see future studies aimed toward defining the duration as well as the choice of anticoagulation, i.e., dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) alone or in combination with warfarin/novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs).
Judicial Review of Public Utility Commissions

The Indiana Supreme Court recently resolved a dispute between a manufacturer and an electric utility company concerning rates for electricity usage. Although the dispute involved interpretation of a contract for electricity, the majority of the court’s opinion was devoted to an entirely separate issue: the appropriate standard of review to be used by appellate courts in reviewing decisions of the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission. Finding deferential review appropriate, the Indiana Supreme Court vacated the decision of the Indiana Court of Appeals and affirmed the decision of the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission. The Indiana Supreme Court—unlike the Indiana Court of Appeals—declined to substitute its judgment for that of the Commission. That determination—the applicable standard of review—cost the electric utility company millions of dollars. The high stakes involved in standard-of-review determinations concerning decisions by public utility commissions abound in courts across the country. Every state has a public utility commission, and every appellate court in every state uses
Nationwide Outcomes and Risk Factors for Reinjury After Penetrating Trauma

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that a notable portion of patients who are readmitted for reinjury after penetrating trauma present to a different hospital. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for reinjury after penetrating trauma including reinjury admissions to different hospitals. Methods The 2010-2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried for patients surviving penetrating trauma. E-codes identified patients subsequently admitted with a new diagnosis of blunt or penetrating trauma. Univariable analysis was performed using 44 injury, patient, and hospital characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression using significant variables identified risk factors for the outcomes of reinjury, different hospital readmission, and in-hospital mortality after reinjury. Results There were 443,113 patients identified. The reinjury rate was 3.5%. Patients presented to a different hospital in 30.0% of reinjuries. Self-inflicted injuries had a higher risk of reinjury (odds ratio [OR]: 2.66, P Conclusions This study represents the first national finding that one in three patients present to a different hospital for reinjury after penetrating trauma and have a higher risk of mortality due to this fragmentation of care. These findings have implications for quality and cost improvements by identifying areas to improve continuity of care and the implementation of penetrating injury prevention programs.
Jet Substructure in Fireworks Emission from Nonuniform and Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates.

We show that jet emission from a Bose condensate with periodically driven interactions, also known as ``Bose fireworks'', contains essential information on the condensate wave function, which is difficult to obtain using standard detection methods. We illustrate the underlying physics with two examples. When condensates acquire phase patterns from external potentials or from vortices, the jets display novel substructure, such as oscillations or spirals, in their correlations. Through a comparison of theory, numerical simulations, and experiments, we show how one can quantitatively extract the phase and the helicity of a condensate from the emission pattern. Our work, demonstrating the strong link between jet emission and the underlying quantum system, bears on the recent emphasis on jet substructure in particle physics.
A forecasted failure: Intersectionality, COVID-19, and the perfect storm

This article is one chronicle of a pandemic foretold. The consequences of COVID-19 in the United States were not inevitable, and my goal is to trace the humanly and inhumanely authored trajectory t...
[C ii] 158 μm line detection of the warm ionized medium in the Scutum-Crux spiral arm tangency

Context. The Herschel HIFI GOT C+ Galactic plane [Cii] spectral survey has detected strong emission at the spiral arm tangencies. Aims. We use the unique viewing geometry of the Scutum-Crux (S-C) tangency near l = 30 ◦ to detect the warm ionized medium (WIM) component traced by [CII] and to study the effects of spiral density waves on Interstellar Medium (ISM) gas. Methods. We compare [Cii] velocity features with ancillary Hi, 12 CO and 13 CO data near tangent velocities at each longitude to separate the cold neutral medium and the warm neutral + ionized components in the S-C tangency, then we identify [Cii] emission at the highest velocities without any contribution from 12 CO clouds, as WIM. Results. We present the GOT C+ results for the S-C tangency. We interpret the diffuse and extended excess [Cii] emission at and above the tangent velocities as arising in the electron-dominated warm ionized gas in the WIM. We derive an electron density in the range of 0.2–0.9 cm −3 at each longitude, a factor of several higher than the average value from Hα and pulsar dispersion. Conclusions. We interpret the excess [Cii] in S-C tangency as shock compression of the WIM induced by the spiral density waves.
Boronate probe-based hydrogen peroxide detection with AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor:

The results from this study demonstrate the potential of an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor sensor for the detection of reactive and transient biological molecules such as hydrogen peroxide. A boronate-based fluorescent probe was used with this device to detect the presence of micromolar levels of hydrogen peroxide typically associated with intracellular processes. The real-time electrical response of the high electron mobility transistor sensor showed a gradual decrease in the two-dimensional electron gas current as the reaction proceeded over time. A corresponding increase in the emission intensity was measured from the fluorescent probe with the progression of the reaction. The fluorescence from the boronate probe was used as an indicator to confirm the detection of hydrogen peroxide. These results demonstrate the dynamic measurement capability of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor sensors in monitoring real-time reactions of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide.
Developing Relationships with Alumni

For a small departmentin the humanities, it can be difficult to maintain the numbers needed for graduating students each semester. Dr. Rodger M. Payne, Chair of the Religious Studies Department at the University of North Carolina—Asheville found a way to promote student involvement within his department that has proven beneficial well past the student’s’graduation. Despite beginning this work in 2009 following an economic recession, Payne set about increasing student engagement via social events which his department hosted, inviting both majors and minors to join these events. In so doing, he created an atmosphere where the students—who often had commitments to other majors—felt valued and formed a connection to the department that they would maintain even as alumni of UNC.
Risking Human Dignity With Innovations: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of the Discipline of Nursing:

Computerized technologies and expanding digital information are evolving in a highly complex system where novel innovations and creations of artificial intelligence such as “care robots” entangle t...
New developments implicating IL-21 in autoimmune disease.

Elevated interleukin (IL)-21 is a common finding in the tissues and/or sera of patients with autoimmune disease. CD4 T cells are the primary producers of IL-21; often the IL-21 producing CD4 T cells will express molecules associated with follicular helper cells (TFH). Recent work has shown that the CD4 T cell-derived IL-21 is able to promote effector functions and memory differentiation of CD8 T cells in chronic infections and cancer. Autoimmunity has similarities to chronic infections and cancer. However, CD4 T cell-derived IL-21:IL21R signaling in CD8 T cells has not been fully appreciated in the context of autoimmunity. In this review, we assess the current knowledge regarding CD4 T cell-derived IL-21 and IL21R signaling within CD8 T cells and evaluate what implications it has within several autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, Sjogren's syndrome, vitiligo, antiphospholipid syndrome, pemphigus, and giant cell arteritis.
A combined experimental and numerical approach to explore tribocharging of pharmaceutical excipients in a hopper chute assembly

Abstract Electrostatic charging via contact electrification or tribocharging refers to the process of charge transfer between two solid surfaces when they are brought into contact with each other and separated. Charging of continuous particulate flows on solid surfaces is poorly understood and has often been empirical. This study aims toward understanding the tribocharging of pharmaceutical excipients using a simplified geometry of unidirectional flow in a hopper–chute assembly. Assuming electron transfer to be the dominant mechanism of electrification, a triboelectric series was generated using work functions estimated from quantum chemical calculations. A 3D-DEM model has been developed employing charge transfer and electrostatic forces. Using numerical simulations, the charge accumulation for an assemblage of particles during flow was determined under different conditions. To theoretically analyze the process of charging, parametric studies affecting powder flow have been investigated. A higher specific charge was observed at larger friction coefficients and lower restitution coefficients. The results obtained from the simulation model reinforce the collisional nature of triboelectrification. The simulation results revealed similar trends to experimental observations. However, to enable a priori prediction the model needs to be tested for additional materials or extended to other process operations.
Transformers, Liquid‐Filled

The sections in this article are 1 Engineering Design 2 Iron Cores 3 Primary and Secondary Windings 4 Power and Energy Efficiencies 5 Technical–Economic Factors 6 Optimization of Transformer Efficiency Characteristic 7 Magnetic Design 8 Grounding, Protection, and Monitoring 9 New Developments
SU-E-J-217: Multiparametric MR Imaging of Cranial Tumors On a Dedicated 1.0T MR Simulator Prior to Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Purpose: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cranial lesions prior to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) may improve treatment planning and provide potential prognostic value. The practicality and logistics of acquiring advanced multiparametric MRI sequences to measure vascular and cellular properties of cerebral tumors are explored on a 1.0 Tesla MR Simulator. Methods: MR simulation was performed immediately following routine CT simulation on a 1T MR Simulator. MR sequences used were in the order they were performed: T2-Weighted Turbo Spin Echo (T2W-TSE), T2 FLAIR, Diffusion-weighted (DWI, b = 0, 800 to generate an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map), 3D T1-Weighted Fast Field Echo (T1W-FFE), Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) and Post Gadolinium Contrast Enhanced 3D T1W-FFE images. T1 pre-contrast values was generated by acquiring six different flip angles. The arterial input function was derived from arterial pixels in the perfusion images selected manually. The extended Tofts model was used to generate the permeability maps. Routine MRI scans took about 30 minutes to complete; the additional scans added 12 minutes. Results: To date, seven patients with cerebral tumors have been imaged and tumor physiology characterized. For example, on a glioblastoma patient, the volume contoured on T1 Gd images, ADC map and the pharmacokinetic map (Ktrans) were 1.9, 1.4, and 1.5 cc respectively with strong spatial correlation. The mean ADC value of the entire volume was 1141 μm2/s while the value in the white matter was 811 μm2/s. The mean value of Ktrans was 0.02 min-1 in the tumor volume and 0.00 in the normal white matter. Conclusion: Our initial results suggest that multiparametric MRI sequences may provide a more quantitative evaluation of vascular and tumor properties. Implementing functional imaging during MR-SIM may be particularly beneficial in assessing tumor extent, differentiating radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence, and establishing reliable bio-markers for treatment response evaluation. The Department of Radiation Oncology at Henry Ford Health System has research agreement with Varian Medical System and Philips Health Care.
Tracking the movement of contaminants into groundwater

The study of how contaminants move from the soil surface to the underlying water table—through the realm hydrologists call the vadose zone—is an area of hydrologic research that is just in its infancy. Recent studies seeking to unravel the mysteries of contaminant movement in the vadose zone and predict when, where, and how much groundwater contamination will occur indicate that the flow and transport may be chaotic and hard to measure. Contamination has become a major threat to present and future uses of groundwaters. The vadose zone has gradually be-come a repository for massive quantities of wastes, which in far too many instances have leached and subsequently recharged aquifers with contaminants. In this zone water enters the Earth's surface via rainfall, irrigation, or snow melt and cycles through porous soils and fractured rocks. Here it may be either intercepted by plant roots and returned to the atmosphere or moves deeper until it recharges underlying aquifers. In the past this process has provided a seemingly endless supply of high-quality groundwater that has been available for industrial, agricultural, and human consumption.
Trading permanent and temporary carbon emissions credits

In this issue of Climatic Change, Van Kooten (2009) addresses an issue that has bedeviled negotiators since the drafting stage of the Kyoto Protocol. If we accept that increasing withdrawals of carbon dioxide from the atmpshere has the same net impact on the climate system as reducing emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, how do we design a system that allows trading of one for the other? As van Kooten expresses the challenge: 'The problem is that emissions reduction and carbon sequestration, while opposite sides of the same coin in some sense, are not directly comparable, thereby inhibiting their trade in carbon markets.' He explains: 'The difficulty centers on the length of time that mitigation strategies without CO{sub 2} from entering the atmosphere - the duration problem.' While reducing emissions of CO{sub 2} represents an essentially permanent benefit for the atmosphere, capturing CO{sub 2} that has been produced (whether capture is from the atmosphere or directly from, for example, the exhaust from power plants) there is the challenge of storing the carbon adn the risk that it will yet escape to the atmosphere. Permanent benefit to the atmosphere is often not assured for carbon sequestration activities. This is especiallymore » true if the carbon is taken up and stored in the biosphere - e.g. in forest trees or agricultural soils.« less
Theoretical Problems Related to the Internet

The Internet has arguably superseded the computer as the most complex cohesive artifact (if you can call it that), and is, quite predictably, the source of a new generation of foundational problems for Theoretical Computer Science. These new theoretical challenges emanate from several novel aspects of the Internet: (a) Its unprecedented size, diversity, and availability as an information repository; (b) its novel nature as a computer system that intertwines a multitude of economic interests in varying degrees of competition; and (c) its history as a shared resource architecture that emerged in a remarkably ad hoc yet gloriously successful manner. In this talk I will survey some recent research (done in collaboration with Joan Feigenbaum, Dick Karp, Elias Koutsoupias, and Scott Shenker, see [1,2]) on problems of the two latter kinds. See [3,5] for examples of theoretical work along the first axis.