cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biography as Geography

The Līḷācaritra, the first literary text in Marathi, is a prose biography of Cakradhar compiled by his followers in the last quarter of the thirteenth century. The close attention to place in the Līḷācaritra is key to understanding not only this text from long ago and far away but also the attachment to particular places in other highly mobile worlds, including our own. The Līḷācaritra follows Cakradhar's ascetic peregrinations, as well as journeys made by the many people who came to see him or attempted to return to his presence (his sannidhān). The text's attention to the details of Cakradhar's daily life, including the places he visited, is motivated by bhakti (devotional love). In order to soothe the pain they felt at his absence, the community of Cakradhar's followers practiced remembrance of the things he had said and done, and made pilgrimages to the places where he had stayed.
Probing Proteostatic Stress in Degenerating Photoreceptors Using Two Complementary In Vivo Reporters of Proteasomal Activity.

Abstract Inherited retinal degenerations originate from mutations in >300 genes, many of which cause the production of misfolded mutant photoreceptor proteins that are ultimately degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). It was previously shown that rod photoreceptors in multiple mouse models of retinal degeneration suffer from proteostatic stress consisting of an insufficient cellular capacity for degrading UPS substrates. In this study, we focused on a specific UPS component required for the degradation of a subset of proteasome targets: the substrate-processing complex formed by the AAA+ ATPase P97/VCP and associated cofactors. To assess whether P97 capacity may be insufficient in degenerating rods, we employed two complementary in vivo proteasomal activity reporters whose degradation is either P97-dependent or P97-independent. Retinal accumulation of each reporter was measured in two models of retinal degeneration: the transducin γ-subunit knock-out (Gγ1-/-) and P23H rhodopsin knock-in (P23H) mice. Strikingly, the patterns of reporter accumulation differed between these models, indicating that the proteostatic stress observed in Gγ1-/- and P23H rods likely originates from different pathobiological mechanisms, in which UPS substrate degradation may or may not be limited by P97-dependent substrate processing. Further, we assessed whether P97 overexpression could ameliorate pathology in Gγ1-/- mice, in which proteostatic stress appears to result from P97 insufficiency. However, despite P97 overexpression being aphenotypic in other tissues, the ∼2.4-fold increase in retinal P97 content was toxic to rods, which complicated the interpretation of the observed phenotype. Our results highlight the complexity of pathophysiological mechanisms related to degrading misfolded proteins in mutant photoreceptors.
A Challenging Presentation of Graves' Disease

A 14-year-old African-American female presented with a 12-day history of fever, LUQ abdominal pain, 22-lb weight loss, headache, malaise and diffuse erythematous annular rash. She had just completed a 1-month sentence in the juvenile detention center. Initial labs on presentation were remarkable for pancytopenia, diffuse bilateral lymphadenopathy, low reticulocyte count and elevated inflammatory markers. Workup for fever focused primarily on infectious, malignant, and rheumatic etiologies - differential diagnosis was extensive but most acutely concerning for lymphoma. However, peripheral …
Diagnostic Reliability of In-Person Versus Remote Dermatology: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Studies comparing teledermatology with in-person dermatologists report wide variations in diagnostic agreement. Teledermatology studies should have two independent in-person consultatio...
Cats as predators and early domesticates in ancient human landscapes

Cats have had diverse relationships with humans, ranging from rodent control, to household pets, to cultural icons. The presence of rodents in grain stores in Neolithic farming settlements is widely thought to have led to the domestication of cats (1⇓–3). Felid bones are rare in archaeological sites, however, and processes of cat domestication and dispersal are not well understood. A study by Krajcarz et al. (4) in PNAS reports on the initial spread of Near Eastern cats ( Felis silvestris lybica/Felis catus ), from southwest Asia into Europe ∼6,200 to 4,300 ya. Their unique data include Neolithic skeletal material from several Near Eastern cats found outside human settlements, and their analysis demonstrates that cats associated with early farmers in synanthropic or commensal relationships (5), hunting in agricultural landscapes. By documenting ancient ecological relationships in humanly modified landscapes, this isotopic research contributes to understanding landscape scale human niche construction (6, 7) and to future directions in domestication research (8⇓–10). The earliest cats discovered to date were buried in early agricultural settlements, and scholars have proposed commensal and mutualistic domestication pathways for their domestication (1⇓–3). Direct archaeological evidence for a commensal relationship between millet farmers and small felids feeding within the human food web was documented at Quanhucan in China (Fig. 1) (∼5,560 to 5,280 ya) (11), where leopard cats ( Prionailurus bengalensis ) (12) hunted rodents in a farming village ecology and may have even been fed. However, this relationship did not lead to full domestication (12). Fig. 1. Early interactions between humans and cats. Location of sites with Near Eastern cats ( F. s. lybica and F. catus ) and leopard cats ( P. bengalensis ) feeding in early farming food webs (1, 5), early spread of Near Eastern cats outside their wild range (1, 2), cat burials … [↵][1]1Email: fmarshal{at}wustl.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Sphingolipid Pathway as a Source of Vulnerability in IDH1mut Glioma.

In addition to providing integrity to cellular structure, the various classes of lipids participate in a multitude of functions including secondary messengers, receptor stimulation, lymphocyte trafficking, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell migration, proliferation, necrosis and apoptosis, thus highlighting the importance of understanding their role in the tumor phenotype. In the context of IDH1mut glioma, investigations focused on metabolic alterations involving lipidomics' present potential to uncover novel vulnerabilities. Herein, a detailed lipidomic analysis of the sphingolipid metabolism was conducted in patient-derived IDH1mut glioma cell lines, as well as model systems, with the of identifying points of metabolic vulnerability. We probed the effect of decreasing D-2HG levels on the sphingolipid pathway, by treating these cell lines with an IDH1mut inhibitor, AGI5198. The results revealed that N,N-dimethylsphingosine (NDMS), sphingosine C17 and sphinganine C18 were significantly downregulated, while sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was significantly upregulated in glioma cultures following suppression of IDH1mut activity. We exploited the pathway using a small-scale, rational drug screen and identified a combination that was lethal to IDHmut cells. Our work revealed that further addition of N,N-dimethylsphingosine in combination with sphingosine C17 triggered a dose-dependent biostatic and apoptotic response in a panel of IDH1mut glioma cell lines specifically, while it had little effect on the IDHWT cells probed here. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows how altering the sphingolipid pathway in IDH1mut gliomas elucidates susceptibility that can arrest proliferation and initiate subsequent cellular death.
Prepartum application of internal teat sealant and/or intramammary amoxicillin on dairy heifers:

Intramammary infusion of antimicrobials (IA) and application of an internal teat sealant (ITS) at the end of the lactation is a common strategy to prevent and treat intramammary infections during the dry period. In heifers, pre-calving IA has been reported to improve udder health and milk quality. However, the effect of ITS in heifers housed in free-stall barns is still unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of prepartum application of ITS and/or IA on udder health of dairy heifers.
Genetic Engineering of Oat

Fertile, transgenic oat (Avena sauva L.) plants were regenerated from approximately 35% of phosphinothricin (PPT)-resistant callus cultures selected following microprojectile bombardment to deliver the plasmid pBARGUS. The plasmid pBARGUS contains the bar gene, which confers plant cell resistance to PPT and related herbicides, and the uidA gene for β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the maize alcohol dehydrogenase I promoter. This promoter conferred high levels of GUS activity in the endosperm of mature oat kernels, thus enabling ready determination of transmission genetics of the GUS transgene. Segregation ratios of GUS activity in mature R1 seed and, in some cases, the R2 and R3 generations were determined in 15 transgenic families. Seven families fit a 3: 1 GUS+:GUS- segregation ratio whereas two families segregated 15: 1 for GUS activity. The remaining six families exhibited aberrant segregation ratios. These initial studies used friable, embryogenic callus initiated from immature embryos of a specific genotype selected for high frequency callus initiation. Although this system was useful in establishing and characterizing oat transformation, its limitation to a specific genotype and the undesirability of herbicide tolerance in oat dictated further development of transformation systems for use in oat improvement. Transformation of current oat cultivars and the use of an antibiotic-based selection system to obviate the herbicide resistance marker are described.
Unfriending and Muting During Elections: The Antecedents and Consequences of Selective Avoidance on Social Media

Although selective avoidance, commonly practiced as unfriending and muting on social media, has been assumed to be at odds with the democratic ideal of deliberation, academic literature says little...
Co-loading curcumin and quercetin in freeze-dried mushroom microparticles to inhibit lipid oxidation in beef patties.

Abstract Curcumin (CCM) and quercetin (QCT) are natural antioxidants. In this study, the two antioxidants (5:1 w/w) were loaded into freeze-dried mushroom microparticles (FDMMs) to achieve synergistic antioxidative effect, and CCM-QCT-loaded FDMMs were incorporated in cooked beef patties to inhibit lipid oxidation. The loading was done by diffusing CCM-QCT dissolved in ethanol and polyethylene glycol-400 (40:60 v/v) into FDMMs. The loading capacity was 4.3% and 1.3% (w/w) for CCM and QCT, respectively. Crystalline CCM and QCT became amorphous within FDMMs according to X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the diffusion of CCM and QCT into the intracellular matrix of FDMMs. Both CCM and QCT were effectively preserved within FDMMs during UV irradiation at 253 nm. The minimum 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive values were observed for the patties with CCM-QCT-loaded FDMMs. Our results demonstrate the potential of porous mushroom matrices for loading lipophilic antioxidants to improve food quality.
PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW OF THE SEA IN INDONESIA

Indonesia has experienced four times paradigm shift in the implementation of the law of the sea since it declared its archipelagic state principle in 1957 through the 1957 Djuanda declaration up to now. The shifting of paradigms can be viewed as a progressive development on the implementation of the law of the sea in Indonesia. The first paradigm was ocean space paradigm which was clearly shown in the 1957 Djuanda declaration and along the way of the diplomacy efforts of Indonesia in the first (1958), the second (1960) and the third (1982) UNCLOS. The first paradigm showed how Indonesian people viewed ocean space of Indonesian archipelago as an integral part of national territory of Indonesia. The ocean space of Indonesian archipelago, however, should be filled with development activities as the implementation of the law of the sea. This has raised ocean development paradigm in 1985 as the second paradigm. Problems and constraints of ocean development faced by government of Indonesia which consists of central government, provincial government, regency government and municipal government have led to the maritime continent paradigm as the third paradigm in 1990s. The third paradigm viewed the ocean and land space of Indonesian archipelago as a continent. By thinking so, maritime jurisdictional problems raised by the involvement of central, provincial, regency and municipal governments in Indonesia’s ocean development will be able to be solved. As a matter of fact, the appearance of the third paradigm has complicated efforts of government in socializing the implementation of the law of the sea to all government levels and to Indonesian people. For this reason, government of Indonesia in the year of 2000 formulated national ocean policy. This policy combined ocean space, ocean development and maritime continent paradigms which can be viewed as the fourth paradigm. The fourth paradigm then can be named as ocean policy paradigm.
Cell transplantation: Brain

This chapter will consider briefly the use of transplantation as a means of repairing CNS defects arising through trauma or disease. The initial use of neural transplantation as an approach to the treatment of disease came about because of the development of an understanding of the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease, and a realization of the possibility that the defect might be repaired via transplantation. Adaptations of the principles thus derived have been applied, more or less successfully, to animal models of several additional disorders.
Chapter 10 Optimal acquisition and presentation of HoMQC spectra

Publisher Summary Multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy includes three major families of correlation techniques: (1) through-bond, (3) through space, and (3) exchange correlations. An interesting and information rich version of through bond correlations is Homonuclear Multiple-Quantum Correlation spectroscopy (HoMQC). This chapter describes the applications of HoMQC. Aliasing of HoMQC spectra is possible and is advantageous for most samples of biomolecules, especially if the data acquisition is not S/N limited. Optimal acquisition should take into account positioning the carrier, quadrature detection in the remote dimension, and arrangement of correlation regions if (multiple) aliasing is used. Most important biomolecules have correlation patterns suitable for at least single aliasing in 1 H, 1 H-HoMQC experiments. Similar behavior of 13 C, 13 C-HoMQC spectra is also discussed. Other structures may allow use of similar aliasing with no significant risk of confusing overlap on the final HoMQC spectrum. Data processing techniques are presented that leads to convenient arrangement of the frequency domain data for visualization and analysis, including application of common symmetrization tools. The utility of HoMQC spectra is enhanced by the application of the acquisition, processing, and presentation techniques discussed in the chapter.
“Indian Arrivistes and Cyber Coolies: Reflections on Global Outsourcing and the Middle Class”

Globalization, we used to think, meant the movement of manufacturing jobs to the developing world. It brought work to regions that needed it, while dislocating the lives of the working classes in the richer countries. That was until it moved into the information technology and service sectors at the turn of the century. This article examines the globalization of white-collar service work, with a view to its impact on emerging economies like India. The bulk of evidence suggests that while offshore outsourcing benefits the middle class in receiving countries, it does not appreciably expand it. Nor does it reliably produce upward mobility or recognizable career paths or even significant upskilling – most of the work being outsourced is rote and standardized. It produces decent jobs in holding patterns. And there are more and more of them as corporations look to continue cutting costs. Rather than authors of their own destinies, corporations have made of countries in the global south their willing and faithful scribes. I first provide a bird's eye view of what is happening and then look more closely at discoveries on the ground.
Joining privately on outsourced data

In an outsourced database framework, clients place data management with specialized service providers. Of essential concern in such frameworks is data privacy. Potential clients are reluctant to outsource sensitive data to a foreign party without strong privacy assurances beyond policy "fine-prints". In this paper we introduce a mechanismfor executing general binary JOIN operations (for predicates that satisfy certain properties) in an outsourced relational database framework with full computational privacy and low overheads - a first, to the best of our knowledge. We illustrate via a set of relevant instances of JOIN predicates, including: range and equality (e.g., for geographical data), Hamming distance (e.g., for DNA matching) and semantics (i.e., in health-care scenarios - mapping antibiotics to bacteria). We experimentally evaluate the main overhead components and show they are reasonable. For example, the initial client computation overhead for 100000 data items is around 5 minutes. Moreover, our privacy mechanisms can sustain theoretical throughputs of over 30 million predicate evaluations per second, even for an unoptimized OpenSSL based implementation.
Malthus v. Boserup: An Empirical Exploration of the Population-Environment Nexus in India

This paper presents an empirical study of population growth and environmental change using cross-section district-level data from South, Central and West India. Environmental change is measured using a satellite-based "greenness" index. Unlike prior work, the analysis treats population and environmental change as jointly determined, distinguishes between rural and urban populations, and distinguishes between two components of population growth, natural growth and migration. Among key findings are that environmental decline spurs increased rural natural growth and increased net rural in-migration, which in turn prompt further environmental decline; environmental improvement spurs increased urban natural growth and increased net urban in-migration; and environmental scarcity spurs environmental improvement.
Pulsed doppler echocardiographic detection of right-sided valve regurgitation: Experimental results and clinical significance

Abstract Pulsed Doppler echocardiography may allow noninvasive detection of tricuspid insufficiency as disturbed or turbulent systolic flow in the right atrium and pulmonary insufficiency as turbulent diastolic flow in the right ventricular outflow tract. Accordingly, six open chest mongrel dogs were examined with Doppler echocardiography before and after surgical creation of tricuspid and pulmonary insufficiency. The Doppler technique detected the appropriate lesion in all instances, with a specificity of 100 percent. In 121 patients (20 without heart disease, 101 with heart disease of various causes), pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to detect right-sided valve regurgitation. Results were compared with right-sided pressure measurements and M mode echocardiographic findings in all, and with right ventricular angiography in 21 patients. Pulsed Doppler study detected tricuspid insufficiency in 61 of 100 patients, 12 (20 percent) of whom had clinical evidence of this lesion. Angiographic evidence of tricuspid regurgitation was present in 18 patients, 17 of whom had positive Doppler findings (sensitivity 94 percent), and absent in 3, all with negative Doppler findings. Pulmonary insufficiency was found on pulsed Doppler study in 47 of 91 patients, 3 of whom (all after pulmonary valvotomy) had clinical evidence of this lesion. Increased right ventricular systolic pressure (greater than 35 mm Hg) was noted more often in patients with (55 of 61 or 90 percent) than in those without (22 of 59 or 37 percent) tricuspid insufficiency (p Thus, pulsed Doppler echocardiography appears to be an accurate noninvasive technique for detection of right-sided valve regurgitation. The absence of diagnostic physical findings in many of the patients indicates that the hemodynamic severity of the Doppler-detected valve insufficiency was probably insignificant. However, because of its high incidence rate (87 percent) and association with pulmonary hypertension (87 percent), pulsed Doppler detection of tricuspid or pulmonary insufficiency, or both (in the absence of pulmonary stenosis) was found superior to M mode echocardiographic measurements (right ventricular size, pulmonary valve motion) in the prediction of pulmonary hypertension.
Where Restaurants Fail: A Longitudinal Study of Micro Locations

While there are many factors for restaurant failure, location has always been considered the primary cause. This longitudinal study seeks to determine whether the failure rates varied in the 207 micro areas of Los Angeles County, California. The study describes the failure experience of six cohorts of restaurants formed during the years 2003–2008.
If You Are Unlucky Enough to Be a Judgment Creditor, At Least Do It Judiciously

This article highlights the importance of a judgment creditor to record a request for notice of default and to execute on insurance funds before they are paid to the judgment debtor.
Studies of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein from rat brain: II. Partial purification

The pharmacological specificity of the binding of 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin to a 1% Emulphogene BC-720 extract of a rat brain particulate fraction has been investigated. The extract contains a component which possesses the binding characteristics of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein. The crude soluble acetylcholine receptor protein was purified by affinity chromatography utilizing the alpha-neurotoxin of Naja naja siamensis as ligand and 1.0 M carbamylcholine chloride as eluant. A single, batch-wise, affinity chromatography procedure yields an average purification of 510-fold. When this purified material is treated a second time by affinity chromatography, purification as high as 12600-fold has been obtained. Binding of 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin to this purified acetylcholine receptor protein is saturable with a Kd of 1 - 10(-8) M. Nicotine and acetylcholine iodide at concentrations of 10(-5) M inhibit 125I-labeled toxin-acetylcholine receptor protein complex formation by 41 and 61% respectively. At 10(-4) M, carbamylcholine chloride and (+)-tubocurarine chloride give respectively 52 and 82% inhibition. Eserine sulfate and atropine sulfate have no effect on complex formation at a concentration of 10(-4) M. These data support the isolation of a partially purified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein.
Vacancy-enhanced submonolayer nucleation of Si on Si(1 1 1)

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and high-resolution low-energy electron diffraction techniques are used to determine the characteristics of the two-dimensional Si island distribution on defect-free and imperfect Si(1 1 1) surfaces in real space and reciprocal space. The surface power spectra of STM and modeling of diffraction profiles give consistent island separation. Unlike the submonolayer nucleation of silicon islands on a defect-free Si(1 1 1) surface, it is shown that the island size distribution of Si, nucleated on a Si(1 1 1) surface having a high density of vacancy defects, does not exhibit a preferred characteristic island size. The process is interpreted as defect-induced nucleation with the critical island size equal to zero, for which there is no free energy barrier for nucleation. The results are qualitatively consistent with recent computer simulations, and are compared with other recent experimental work.
INTRACELLULAR BEHAVIOR OF HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM

Howard, Dexter H. (University of California, Los Angeles). Intracellular behavior of Histoplasma capsulatum. J. Bacteriol. 87:33-38. 1964.-The tinctorial characteristics and intracellular generation time of Histoplasma capsulatum within mouse histiocytes maintained in tissue culture were studied. The appearance of viable and nonviable cells of H. capsulatum was observed after staining with the May Grunwald-Giemsa, Methenamine Silver, and Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) procedures. Death of the fungus, either induced by heat or occurring naturally in saline suspension, caused a loss of nuclear differentiation. This loss was not accompanied by changes in the PAS or Silver staining capacities of the cell walls of the fungus. There was no tinctorial evidence for intracellular death of H. capsulatum in normal mouse histiocytes. The intracellular generation time of the fungus was estimated to be 10.3 +/- 1.5 hr, and was not affected by the age of the histiocytes. The generation time was approximately the same in histiocytes from Webster-Swiss and A/J mice.
Behavioral Implications of Information Presented Outside of Conscious Awareness: The Effect of Subliminal Presentation of Trait Information on Behavior in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game

Can information perceived outside of conscious awareness influence social behavior? Recent work has demonstrated that information presented subliminally can influence trait judgments about hypothetical stimulus people. The present study was designed to extend these findings to interactive social behavior. Subjects were primed with either competitive or neutral words outside of awareness, and then played a Prisoner's Dilemma Game. The results indicated that the subliminal primes, in interaction with the subjects' behavioral predispositions toward competitiveness or cooperation in the game situation, had a significant influence on the competitiveness of subject behavior. Competitive subjects played more competitively when exposed to the competitive primes than when exposed to the neutral primes. In addition, competitive subjects exposed to the competitive primes played much more competitively than did cooperative subjects exposed to the same competitive primes. Possible mediating mechanisms, and the general...
Measuring empowerment: Developing and validating the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS)

Abstract Despite empowerment playing a crucial role in sustainable tourism development, there have yet to be scales developed to measure whether residents perceive themselves as being psychologically, socially, or politically empowered from tourism. To address this gap, the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS) was developed following Churchill's (1979) criteria for scale development. The RETS was purified through a pilot and pretest study before being tested in a three county region of western Virginia, USA. The data were initially analyzed using multiple exploratory factor analyses before being validated through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results of the CFA demonstrated that the RETS displayed construct validity with standardized factor loadings ranging from 0.65 to 0.92 for the three subscales and construct reliability scores ranging from 0.85 to 0.92. The RETS is presented as a scale ready for use to measure the extent to which residents perceive themselves as being empowered or disempowered by tourism.
Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly(arylene ether) polyimide multiblock copolymers for proton exchange membranes

Novel multiblock copolymers, based on segmented sulfonated hydrophilic-hydrophobic blocks, were synthesized and investigated for their application as proton exchange membranes. A series of segmented sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)-b-polyimide multiblock copolymers, with various block lengths, were synthesized via the coupling reaction between the terminal amine moieties on the hydrophilic blocks and naphthalene anhydride functionalized hydrophobic blocks. Successful imidization reactions required a mixed solvent system, comprised of NMP and m-cresol, in the presence of catalysts. Proton conductivity measurements revealed that the proton conductivity improved with increasing hydrophilic and hydrophobic block lengths. The morphological structure of the multiblock copolymers was investigated using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM). The AFM images of the copolymers demonstrated well-defined nanophase separated morphologies, with the changes in the block length having a pronounced effect on the phase separated morphologies of the system. The self diffusion coefficient of water, as measured by1H NMR, provided a better understanding of the transport process. Thus, the block copolymers showed higher values than Nafion, andcomparable proton conductivities in liquid water, as well as under partially hydrated conditions at 80°C. The new materials are strong candidates for use in PEM systems.
Ethnography then and now

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review some of the compositional and orientational shifts that have occurred in ethnography during the last 20 years.Design/methodology/approach – Within the paper the author produces a series of reflections based upon his own experiences of writing ethnography, plus of reading the ethnographic accounts of others.Findings – Ethnography remains relatively free from technical jargon and high‐wire abstraction. Because of its relative freedom from a thoroughly specialized vocabulary and a privileged conceptual apparatus, ethnography continues to carry a slight literary air compared to other forms of social science writing. Ethnography maintains an almost obsessive focus on the “empirical.” Despite attempts to develop a standard methodology over the last 20 years, there is still not much of a technique attached to ethnography.Originality/value – The paper presents the original views of a renowned ethnographer about developments within the practice of ethnography during...
Effect of Raman amplification on stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold in dispersion compensating fibres

An investigation of how the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold of dispersion compensating fibres is affected by Raman amplification is presented. Experimental data is in good agreement with the threshold values predicted by the theoretical approach.
Somato-sensory evoked responses in patients with unilateral cerebral lesions

Abstract The primary purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that early and late somatic evoked response (SER) components are mediated, respectively, by activity of the short latency lemniscal pathway and by the extra-lemniscal, bilaterally projecting reticular and non-specific thalamo-cortical pathwats. The scalp-recorded SER was examined in seventeen patients, fourteen of whom had unilateral cerebral lesions that involved parietal cortex and resulted in somatic sensory deficit. In those patients with severe sensory loss, all SER components were markedly reduced or abolished over both hemispheres when the affected side was stimulated. Patients with mild to moderate sensory impairment exhibited either a normal response or a generalized attenuation of all components when the affected side was stimulated. Stimulation of the normal side evoked relatively normal responses over both hemispheres in all patients. These results do not favor a dual projection pathway hypothesis. Our results and others discussed are consistent with the conclusion that the entire contralateral SER is the result of activity in primary somatic cortex mediated solely by the medial lemniscal system. Long latency ipsilateral components are apparently the result of subsequent activation of the ipsilateral hemisphere via an inter-hemispheric pathway, possibly involving the corpus callosum. In agreement with earlier studies, the good correlation betweenm clinical sensory loss and SER alteration provides a basis for future clincial use of this technique.
Molybdenum-Based Polyoxometalates as Highly Active and Selective Catalysts for the Epimerization of Aldoses

In this contribution, we report on the high activity and selectivity of Keggin structure molybdenum-based polyoxometalates (POMs) in catalyzing the epimerization of aldoses. Near-equilibrium conversions and selectivities were obtained within the first hour of operation under aqueous conditions at relatively low temperatures and a wide range of pHs. Characterization of the molybdenum-based POM catalysts using X-ray diffraction and FTIR studies before and after the reaction showed no evidence of their decomposition. Our studies suggest that the active sites for the reaction are the molybdenum oxide octahedra on the surface of the Keggin structure of the molybdenum-based POMs (H3PMo12O40, Ag3PMo12O40, Sn0.75PMo12O40). Further characterization of the system using 31P NMR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments showed that the interaction between the aldose (e.g., glucose) and the molybdenum oxide octahedra in the POM results in electron transfer from the aldose to molybdenum, leading to the formation...
Follicle stimulating hormone secretion and compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in prepubertal ewes

Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effect of unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion and compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in prepubertal ewes. Thirty-three ewe lambs were allotted according to age and weight to a control (C) or ULO group. In the C group, a sham ovariectomy was performed on day 0 and both ovaries were removed on day 7. In the ULO group, one ovary was removed on day 0 and the remaining ovary was removed on day 7. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein via venipuncture at 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the time of sham surgery or ULO (day 0). Subsequent samples were collected daily until day 7, and all samples were assayed for FSH and LH. Unilateral ovariectomy increased (P
Personality traits of adolescent pig-tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina): An analysis of social rank and early separation experience.

Personality ratings of ten adolescent pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were carried out by three experienced observers who used a simple three-point rating system. A modification of Stevenson-Hinde & Zunz's [1978] procedure, the agreement between raters on each of 21 traits was evaluated. When correlated with social rank, it was shown that dominant animals were rated as being, for example, confident, effective, and opportunistic. Subordinant monkeys were rated as insecure and dependent. Rank correlated negatively, however, with observers' impressions of popularity. Subjects who had undergone a brief maternal separation were rated as less sociable than their nonseparated counterparts. Furthermore, rank-related traits corresponded well with the three personality components that were derived by Stevenson-Hind & Zunz [1978]; this suggested that clusters of traits reliably accompanied and/or contributed to the attainment of social rank.
A Reconceptualization of Protest Rhetoric: Women's Quilts as Rhetorical Forms

(1994). A Reconceptualization of Protest Rhetoric: Women's Quilts as Rhetorical Forms. Women's Studies in Communication: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 20-44.
Photorepair of pyrimidine dimers in the epidermis of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica.

Induction and fate of ultraviolet radiation-induced pyrimidine dimers in DNA have been measured in the epidermis of the marsupial, Monodelphis domestica, using damage-specific endonucleases from Micrococcus luteus. Approximately 90% of the dimers are lost when irradiated animals are subjected to photoreactivating light for 180 min. No loss of dimers was detected when the animals were held for a similar period of time in the dark. The capacity of these epithelial cells to photorepair pyrimidine dimers may provide a useful whole animal system in which to determine the role of pyrimidine dimers in photobiological responses of the skin.
Biological Effects of Low Level Exposures to Chemical and Radiation

Hypotheses on mammalian ageing, toxicity and longevity hormesis - explication by a generalized Gompertz function the role of the "stress protein response" in hormesis DNA repair - as influenced by age, nutrition, and exposure to toxic substances biochemical mechanisms of biphasic dose-responses relationships - role of hormesis effects of low dose radiation on the immune response cellular adaptation as an important response during chemical carcinogenesis biostatistical approaches for modelling u-shaped dose responses curves and study design consideration in assessing the biological effects of two dose doses.
A theoretical study of the millimeterwave spectrum of CH 5

Abstract This is a continuation of our earlier work aimed at predicting the millimeterwave spectrum of protonated methane CH5+. As for protonated acetylene C2H3+, it is the millimeterwave spectrum that will most directly provide the experimental information needed to understand the large amplitude motion of the molecule. Literature ab initio calculations show that the large amplitude motion of the five protons around the central carbon nucleus in CH5+ is not completely free, but is restricted by potential barriers at the trigonal bipyramid (D3h), square pyramid (C4v) and end-on-H2 (C3v) forms. Thus, the large amplitude motion proceeds mostly in the coordinate space that connects the structures called Cs(I), Cs(II) and C2v. These structures have essentially identical electronic energies and very similar rotational constants, as has already been shown in the literature. We calculate that they also have very similar dipole moments. The topology of the space of the large amplitude motion that connects the 120 versions of the Cs(I) structure, the 120 versions of the Cs(II) structure, and the 60 versions of the C2v structure is considered here. The spectral signature of this large amplitude motion in the rotational spectrum is calculated with absolute intensities. It is hoped that these results will aid and stimulate attempts to see and assign the high resolution gas phase millimeterwave absorption spectrum of CH5+. The J=1←0 spectrum is predicted to be centered in the region 220–235 GHz, and if all the large amplitude motion splittings of this line are resolved, the strongest component (the Ki=0←0 line) is predicted to have an integrated absorption intensity of 13 m/mol at 77 K.
Quantifying protein microstructure and electrostatic effects on the change in Gibbs free energy of binding in immobilized metal affinity chromatography.

Electrostatic forces play a major role in maintaining both structural and functional properties of proteins. A major component of protein electrostatics is the interactions between the charged or t...
β-Peptide Bundles with Fluorous Cores

We reported recently that certain β-peptides self-assemble spontaneously into cooperatively folded bundles whose kinetic and thermodynamic metrics mirror those of natural helix bundle proteins. The structures of four such β-peptide bundles are known in atomic detail. These structures reveal a solvent-sequestered, hydrophobic core stabilized by a unique arrangement of leucine side chains and backbone methylene groups. Here we report that this hydrophobic core can be re-engineered to contain a fluorous subdomain while maintaining the characteristic β-peptide bundle fold. Like α-helical bundles possessing fluorous cores, fluorous β-peptide bundles are stabilized relative to hydrocarbon analogues and undergo cold denaturation. β-Peptide bundles with fluorous cores represent the essential first step in the synthesis of orthogonal protein assemblies that can sequester selectively in an interstitial membrane environment.
Para-substituted polystyrenes: Stress relaxation, creep, dynamic mechanical and dielectric analyses☆

Abstract The effects of methyl, ethyl, n -propyl and t -butyl para-substituents on relaxations in polystyrene are characterized via multiple thermal techniques. It is shown that the glass transition temperature T g can be readily obtained from stress relaxation and creep data by locating the intersecting point of the Arrhenius and WLF curves on the logarithm of the shift factor a T vs. temperature plots. The T g thus obtained from stress relaxation data is correlated well with literature values obtained by isochronal dilatometry. The processes of creep and stress relaxation show two regions of distinct molecular motion patterns with different activation energies determined. Rubbery plateaus for stress relaxation moduli due to chain entanglements are observed for polystyrene, poly ( p -methyl styrene) and poly ( p - t -butyl styrene). The flexural storage moduli E ′ for the three polymers show a density dependency, which is correlated by the Rao function. The peak width of loss modulus E ″ is affected by the molecular weight distribution of each polymer. Two weak sub-glass transition temperature transitions, β and γ, are also observed from dynamic mechanical analysis. The variations in the glass transition temperature and activation energy from dielectric analysis are analyzed with regard to steric hindrance resulting from different alkyl groups.
A pronounced manifestation of a new electric-to-mechanical coupling phenomenon in the ferroelectric ceramic PZT 65/35

In this paper, we present experimental results to show a pronounced manifestation of a new electric-to-mechanical coupling phenomenon in the ferroelectric ceramic PZT 65/35. This phenomenon has been previously reported in the electro-optic ceramic PLZT 7/65/35. We believe that it is also present in other ferroelectric materials. In particular, experimental evidence indicates that this coupling phenomenon during the process of poling results in flexural mechanical displacements which are much larger than the combined changes in thickness due to domain switching and conventional piezoelectric coupling. Its influence also increases markedly with remanent polarization.
Calcium binding and other characteristics of bovine factor II and its activation intermediates

Abstract Intermediate 1 (55 000 daltons) and Fragment 1 (25 000 daltons), resulting from the action of bovine Factor Xa or thrombin on bovine Factor II (75 000 daltons), have been examined for their carbohydate content, N-terminal amino acid and Ca 2+ - binding properties. On a weight percent basis, Fragment 1 contained almost three times the sialic acid and neutral hexoses found in Factor II, whereas Intermediate 1 gave values approx. 50% of those observed for Factor II. N-Terminal analyses revealed that Fragment 1 was the N-terminal portion of Factor II. Of interest and importance, Intermediate 1 was found not to binf Ca 2+ over a wide range of Ca 2+ concentrations, whereas both Factor II and Fragment 1 readily bound Ca 2+ at pH 7 with 10 and 12–15 ligand-binding sites, respectively. At pH 7.0, dissociation constants of 6.3 · 10 −4 M and 6.8 · 10 −4 M were calculated for Factor II and Fragment I, respectively. The binding of Ca 2+ to these proteins did not appear to be cooperative. Removal of sialic acid from Factor II by neuraminidase had no significant effect on the Ca 2+ -binding characteristics of this protein. These results suggest that all of the Ca 2+ -binding sites of bovine Factor II reside in the Fragment 1 portion of this factor.
What Happens during an Electron Jump

THE Bohr theory showed its inadequacy most when the above question was asked. After describing the motion of an electron with minutest detail in all of its many orbits, a deafening silence answered him who inquired how the electron got from one orbit to another. The most one could say was that it suddenly disappeared, and simultaneously reappeared in an outer orbit, or vice versa.
Information system applications in the emergency department

Abstract The emergency department of the future will see changes of both hardware and software to facilitate institution and clinician processes from the beginning of the patient encounter until the last required clinical follow-up or billing issue has been successfully managed. This will require changes in the routine triage, registration, patient tracking, clinical documentation, and notification systems to provide full, efficient integration. So far, no single vendor or clinical care institution has emerged that can deal with each of these issues seamlessly. Fueled in part by changes in reimbursement, increasing patient expectations, and increasingly complex care, progress in product development is moving more rapidly than ever before. This report reviews the broad areas that must be considered and some of the issues that have been or need to be addressed by each institution and the developers of these products.
A new polymer with a lower critical solution temperature:poly(α-methoxymethyl acrylic acid)

Abstract A new monomer and its water-soluble polymer have been synthesized containing pendant methyl ether and carboxylic acid groups. This polymer was found to possess a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in pure water that is dependent on added salt and almost independent of polymer concentration (above 3 × 10 −4 wt.%). Values of the LCST typically ranged from around 40–50°C but decreased to 35°C in 1% NaCl.
Atrial fibrillation : Prevalence after minimally invasive direct and standard coronary artery bypass

Abstract Background . This study identified and compared the prevalence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AFIB) following standard coronary artery bypass grafting (SCABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and minimally invasive direct vision coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) without CPB. A further comparison was made between AFIB prevalence in SCABG and MIDCAB subjects with two or fewer bypasses. Methods . This is a retrospective, comparative survey. Patients with new-onset AFIB who underwent SCABG or MIDCAB alone were identified electronically using a triangulated method (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9 CM] code; clinical database word search; and pharmacy database drug search). Results . The total sample (n = 814; 94 MIDCAB, 720 SCABG) exhibited a trend toward lower AFIB prevalence in MIDCAB (23.4%) versus SCABG (33.1%) subjects ( p = 0.059). AFIB prevalence in the SCABG subset with two or less vessel bypasses (n = 98; n=18 single vessel, n=80 double vessels) and MIDCAB subjects (n = 94; n=90 single vessels, n=4 double vessels) was almost identical (SCABG subset 24.5% versus MIDCAB 23.4%, p = 0.860). Slightly more than half (56.9%) of new-onset AFIB subjects were identified by ICD-9 CM codes, with the remainder by word search (37.7%) or procainamide query (5.4%). Conclusions . In this sample, the number of vessels bypassed seemed to have a greater influence on AFIB prevalence than the application of CPB or the surgical approach. Retrospective identification of AFIB cases by ICD-9 CM code grossly underestimated AFIB prevalence.
ANTINEUTRINOS FOR REACTOR SAFEGUARDS: EFFECT OF FUEL LOADING AND BURNUP ON THE SIGNAL

Various types of nuclear reactor related information, including relative power level and fuel evolution parameters, can be inferred remotely using antineutrino detectors. We show that it is possible to verify assembly-level burnup using information derived from an antineutrino detector if the nominal reactor fuel loading is known. Alternatively, if the core power is measured using an independent method, for example, a thermal hydraulic element, and the nominal core behavior is known, the antineutrino detector has a capability to determine previously unknown MOX loading in the core.
Hepatoblastoma: Detection of tumor vascularity with duplex Doppler US

The evaluation of pediatric abdominal masses commonly includes computed tomography, ultrasound (US), and, more recently, magnetic resonance imaging. A previous study suggested that duplex US is of use in further tissue characterization of hepatic lesions in adults. The authors describe the Doppler signals arising from hepatoblastomas in three infants. Peak systolic Doppler frequency shifts in the neoplasms of these three patients were all equal to or greater than 4 kHz, well above the normal range for hepatic arteries. Each neoplasm also exhibited antegrade diastolic flow. The detection of high Doppler frequency shifts associated with neovascularity may prove useful in future evaluation of pediatric hepatic masses.