cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3098: Docosahexaenoic Acid Protects The Brain After Experimental Stroke By Modulating Protein Phosphorylation In The Penumbra

Background and purpose: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a member of the omega-3 essential fatty acid family, improves behavioral deficit and reduces infarct volume and brain edema after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. We hypothesize that DHA elicits neuroprotection by inducing protective cellular cascades, which in turn lead to cell survival. We used behavioral tests in conjunction with immunohistopathology and western blots to expand our understanding of the early mechanisms responsible for DHA-induced neuroprotection. Methods: Physiologically-controlled male Sprague-Dawley rats (304-370g) received 2h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) by intraluminal suture. Animals were treated with DHA (5mg/kg, iv) or saline (5ml/kg) at 3h after the onset of stroke. Behavioral function was evaluated at 1h after occlusion onset and at 24h on a grading scale of 0-12 (0=normal and 12=maximal deficit). GFAP (reactive astrocytes), ED-1 (activated microglia/microphages), and NeuN (neurons) were analyzed in the ischemic core and the penumbra regions (A, B and C) at 4 and 24h. Western blot/immunohistochemical analysis of pAKT, pGSK, and pS6 (proteins of the AKT signaling pathway) was conducted in the core and penumbra at 4 and 24h. Results: Physiological variables were stable and showed no significant differences between groups. Behavioral deficit was significantly improved by treatment with DHA compared to vehicle at 24h (7.3±0.5 vs. 10±0; p Conclusions: DHA treatment confers behavioral improvement, reduces microglial infiltration, increases astrocytosis at 24h, activates pro-survival AKT cascades as early as 4h, and has potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Internal resonance and low frequency vibration energy harvesting

A nonlinear vibration energy harvester with internal resonance is presented. The proposed harvester consists of two cantilevers, each with a permanent magnet on its tip. One cantilever has a piezoelectric layer at its base. When magnetic force is applied this two degrees-of-freedom nonlinear vibration system shows the internal resonance phenomenon that broadens the frequency bandwidth compared to a linear system. Three coupled partial differential equations are obtained to predict the dynamic behavior of the nonlinear energy harvester. The perturbation method of multiple scales is used to solve equations. Results from experiments done at different vibration levels with varying distances between the magnets validate the mathematical model. Experiments and simulations show the design outperforms the linear system by doubling the frequency bandwidth. Output voltage for frequency response is studied for different system parameters. The optimal load resistance is obtained for the maximum power in the internal resonance case. The results demonstrate that a design combining internal resonance and magnetic nonlinearity improves the efficiency of energy harvesting.
Citizen news podcasts and engaging journalism: The formation of a counter-public sphere in South Korea

This study examines what roles citizen news podcasts of South Korea play, based on two unique concepts—carnivalism and engaging journalism. To this end, the current study content analysed the content of 11 citizen news podcasts that are most popular in this country and conducted interviews with 10 professional journalists. The findings reveal that through the use of comedic techniques such as humour, parody, and satire, the discourse of citizen podcasts transgresses existing social and cultural hierarchies and subverts a range of authoritative discourses by mainstream media. The analysis also finds that the discourse in citizen news podcasts takes on the nature of engaging journalism, which motivates ordinary individuals who are left largely disillusioned from mainstream journalism to engage in elite-challenging political action. Professional journalists admitted that citizen news podcasts provide an opportunity to re-evaluate the journalism norms and practices of South Korea.
The Urban Curandero1

Accounts of the curandero in Latin America indicate reliance upon a largely peasant-derived sterotype. The utility of such stereotypes for understanding curanderismo in an urban context is questioned. With Bogota, Colombia as an example, it is proposed that the concept of an “urban curing complex”—a holistic approach to curative facilities in the city—replace present over-reliance upon one model (peasant) of curer style and healing.
Pure Land Buddhism and Whaling Culture in the Chūgoku Region

This chapter investigates the whaling culture of the Chūgoku Region (western Honshū) on the coast of the Sea of Japan. Field research in this region features Kayoi on Ōmi Island, Nagato, which was one of the main stations for the Chōshū-Kitaura Classical Whaling Base. Because it has religiously preserved the memorial rites for whales, Kayoi is referred to as the “Mecca of the Japanese culture of mourning the deaths of whales.” This chapter presents the locale’s fascinating whaling culture and analyzes the relationship between the local belief in Pure Land Buddhism and the area’s whaling culture.
Other Radio Techniques

There is no intent to minimize the importance of the radio methods described in this chapter compared to the techniques described in the previous chapters. Several of the methods described in Chapter 9 are simply variants of basic radio systems previously covered, while others are not quite as widely used techniques as ionosondes, ISR’s, riometers, etc.
Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Incident Glaucoma.

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to examine the associations of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (hereafter fitness) with incident glaucoma in a prospective observational study.MethodsPhysical activity was measured by self-reported leisure-time activities, and fitness was measured by m
Survey of Some Recent Progress in Transonic Aerodynamics

Publisher Summary This chapter review numerical results obtained in the study of transonic airfoils to find an airfoil best suited for Jones' airplane. The principal contribution to the field has been a computer program, based on the hodograph transformation and a method of complex characteristics, for the calculation of profiles designed to be shockless at a specified angle of attack and a specified subsonic free-stream Mach number. The chapter also discusses the numerical computation of the flow past these airfoils at off-design conditions, where several weak shock waves tend to appear. The existence of a unique weak solution has been assumed in relevant partial differential equations of gas dynamics. However, in practice, shockless transonic flow can only be expected to prevail if adverse pressure gradients are not so pronounced as to produce turbulent boundary layer separation, generating a significant wake.
Interrogative types in parental speech to language-learning children: A linguistic universal?

The present study investigated the frequency of occurrence of various interrogative types in the language of American mothers (English) and Israeli mothers (Hebrew) to their 24-month-old language-learning children. It was found that both groups of mothers produced a similar hierarchy of the various wh-questions. The relation between these specific wh-questions and concept development in the child is discussed. It was also found that American mothers produced significantly more questions that required the child to respond with a yes-no answer, while Israeli mothers produced significantly more wh-questions which placed the cognitive burden of the verbal interaction on the child.
QUEST MRI assessment of fetal brain oxidative stress in utero.

Abstract Purpose To achieve sufficient precision of R1 (=1/T1) maps of the fetal brain in utero to perform QUEnch-assiSTed (QUEST) MRI in which a significant anti-oxidant-induced reduction in R1 indicates oxidative stress. Methods C57BL/6 mouse fetuses in utero were gently and non-surgically isolated and secured using a homemade 3D printed clip. Using a commercial receive-only surface coil, brain maps of R1, an index sensitive to excessive and continuous free radical production, were collected using either a conventional Cartesian or a non-Cartesian (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction) progressive saturation sequence. Data were normalized to the shortest TR time to remove bias. To assess oxidative stress, brain R1 maps were acquired on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of preterm birth ± rosiglitazone (ROSI, which has anti-oxidant properties); phosphate buffered saline (PBS) controls ± ROSI were similarly studied. Results Sufficient quality R1 maps were generated by a combination of the 3D printed clip, surface coil detection, non-Cartesian sequence, and normalization scheme ensuring minimal fetal movement, good detection sensitivity, reduced motion artifacts, and minimal baseline variations, respectively. In the LPS group, the combined caudate-putamen and thalamus region R1 was reduced (p Conclusion The sensitivity and reproducibility of the combined approaches described herein enabled first-time demonstration of regional oxidative stress measurements of the fetal brain in utero using QUEST MRI.
Anomalous thermal conductivity across the structural transition in SmBaMn2O6 single crystals

To understand whether the enhancement of thermal conductivity could take place at different types of phase transitions, we conduct thermal measurements in SmBaMn2O6 single crystals which have both structural and magnetic phase transitions. In SmBaMn2O6, successive phase transitions in charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedoms take place at Tco1∼362 K, Tco2∼190 K, and TN∼175 K. An enhancement of thermal conductivity is only observed at the structural transition around Tco1 while it is absent at the structural transition around Tco2. One possible explanation is that the spin-phonon coupling in this material strongly modifies the phonon spectra and prevents the evolution of soft-phonon modes around the antiferromagnetic transition TN, which lies right below Tco2. Our study provides a way to look for enhanced thermal conductivity in materials where multiple phase transitions coexist.
RADIO-IBAG: RADIOMICS-BASED INTEGRATIVE BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLATFORM GENOMIC DATA.

Technological innovations have produced large multi-modal datasets that include imaging and multi-platform genomics data. Integrative analyses of such data have the potential to reveal important biological and clinical insights into complex diseases like cancer. In this paper, we present Bayesian approaches for integrative analysis of radiological imaging and multi-platform genomic data, where-in our goals are to simultaneously identify genomic and radiomic, that is, radiology-based imaging markers, along with the latent associations between these two modalities, and to detect the overall prognostic relevance of the combined markers. For this task, we propose Radio-iBAG: Radiomics-based Integrative Bayesian Analysis of Multiplatform Genomic Data, a multi-scale Bayesian hierarchical model that involves several innovative strategies: it incorporates integrative analysis of multi-platform genomic data sets to capture fundamental biological relationships; explores the associations between radiomic markers accompanying genomic information with clinical outcomes; and detects genomic and radiomic markers associated with clinical prognosis. We also introduce the use of sparse Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) to extract a sparse set of approximately orthogonal meta-features each containing information from a set of related individual radiomic features, reducing dimensionality and combining like features. Our methods are motivated by and applied to The Cancer Genome Atlas glioblastoma multiforme data set, where-in we integrate magnetic resonance imaging-based biomarkers along with genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic data. Our model identifies important magnetic resonance imaging features and the associated genomic platforms that are related with patient survival times.
Pattern Classification for Interpreting Sensor Data from a Walking-Speed Robot

In order to perform useful tasks for us, robots must have the ability to notice, recognize, and respond to objects and events in their environment. This requires the acquisition and synthesis of information from a variety of sensors. Here we investigate the performance of a number of sensor modalities in an unstructured outdoor environment including the Microsoft Kinect, thermal infrared camera, and coffee can radar. Special attention is given to acoustic echolocation measurements of approaching vehicles, where an acoustic parametric array propagates an audible signal to the oncoming target and the Kinect microphone array records the reflected backscattered signal. Although useful information about the target is hidden inside the noisy time-domain measurements, the dynamic wavelet fingerprint (DWFP) is used to create a time–frequency representation of the data. A small-dimensional feature vector is created for each measurement using an intelligent feature selection process for use in statistical pattern classification routines. Using experimentally measured data from real vehicles at 50 m, this process is able to correctly classify vehicles into one of five classes with 94% accuracy.
Opioid Prescribing Practices of U.S. Urology Trainees after Urological Surgery

AbstractIntroduction:We surveyed U.S. urology trainees to determine current prescribing practices after common endourological procedures.Methods:An institutional review board approved, 22-item surv...
Extremely nonlinear lanthanide-based nanoparticles: A new class of upconverting nanocrystals

Beyond the eponymous snow slides, avalanching processes – where a compounding nonlinear cascade of events is triggered by a small perturbation – are found today in a surprising variety of phenomena including the popping of champagne bubbles, nuclear explosions, lasing, neuronal networking, and even financial crises. In optics, photon avalanching (PA) behavior garnered significant interest more than three decades ago as a method for achieving efficient upcoverted lasing, and, due to its extreme nonlinearity, was more recently proposed as a mechanism for realizing facile superresolution imaging if satisfactory nanomaterials could be designed. However, a demanding set of criteria has limited PA in Ln-based systems only to fragile bulk materials and aggregates, and mostly to cryogenic temperatures. Here, we have leveraged a combination of advanced theoretical modeling, synthesis, and photophysical characterization to create robust photon avalanching nanoparticles.
A new ultrasonic transducer sample cell for in situ small-angle scattering experiments

Ultrasound irradiation is a commonly used technique for nondestructive diagnostics or targeted destruction. We report on a new versatile sonication device that fits in a variety of standard sample environments for neutron and X-ray scattering instruments. A piezoelectric transducer permits measuring of the time-dependent response of the sample in situ during or after sonication. We use small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to demonstrate the effect of a time-dependent perturbation on the structure factor of micelles formed from sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant molecules. We observe a substantial change in the micellar structure during and after exposure to ultrasonic irradiation. We also observe a time-dependent relaxation to the equilibrium values of the unperturbed system. The strength of the perturbation of the structure factor depends systematically on the duration of sonication. The relaxation behavior can be well reproduced after multiple times of sonication. Accumulation of the recorded intensities of the different sonication cycles improves the signal-to-noise ratio and permits reaching very short relaxation times. In addition, we present SANS data for the micellar form factor on alkyl-poly (ethylene oxide) surfactant molecules irradiated by ultrasound. Due to the flexibility of our new in situ sonication device, different experiments can be performed, e.g., to explore molecular potentials in more detail by introducing a systematic time-dependent perturbation.
Difference in Resident Versus Attending Perspective of Competency and Autonomy During Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repairs.

A noted deficiency in orthopaedic resident education is a lack of intraoperative autonomy; however, no studies exist evaluating this issue. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between resident and attending perception of resident competency and autonomy during arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs and whether increased perceived competency leads to more autonomy. Methods This study included 21 orthopaedic residents and 7 attendings from a single residency program. A survey was developed that included the previously validated Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation (O-SCORE) and implemented novel arthroscopic rotator cuff repair questions concerning 5 key procedural steps determined by attendings. The survey assessed resident and attending perception of percent opportunity given and percent completed of each step and whether the resident could complete the surgery independently. Paired comparisons were conducted using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Agreement between residents and attendings was calculated using a linear-weighted Gwet's AC2. A secondary analysis investigated resident perception of autonomy stratified by attending perception of competency using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results One hundred forty-two surveys were completed over one academic year. Residents reported a 4-point higher median O-SCORE (34) than attendings (30; p < 0.01; agreement = 0.63). Residents perceived less opportunity compared with attendings, with a median opportunity to complete each step of 54% vs. 70% (p < 0.01; agreement = 0.39). Residents also perceived lower percent completed of the key steps compared with attendings, with medians of 52% vs. 61% (p < 0.01; agreement = 0.37). Resident perceived opportunity increased with higher attending reported O-SCOREs (p < 0.01) and percent completion of the key steps (p < 0.01). No statistically significant increase in perceived opportunity was observed the with post-graduate year (PGY) level (p = 0.35). Discussion This study demonstrated a significant difference in perception between residents and attendings regarding resident competency and autonomy during arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs. It also demonstrated that with increasing attending perception of competency, there was an increasing resident perception of autonomy, but there was no statistically significant difference of perceived autonomy based on the PGY-level.
COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions Affecting Older Adults' Social Interactions and Communication

Objectives Due to increased risk of social isolation caused by COVID-19, this study was conducted to understand changes in health behaviors among older adults, particularly concerning means of social interaction.
Constructing Organic/Inorganic NEMS Devices Powered by Biomolecular Motors

The recognition of many enzymes as nanoscale molecular motors has opened the door for the potential creation of hybrid organic/inorganic nano-electro-mechanical (NEMS) devices. The long-term objective of this research is the integration of F 1-ATPase with NEMS to produce useful nanoscale devices. A thermostable F 1-ATPase coding sequence has been isolated, cloned, and engineered for high-level protein expression. Precise positioning, orientation, and spacing of individual F 1-ATPase molecules were achieved on patterned nickel arrays produced using electron beam lithography. An efficient and accurate assay was developed to evaluate the performance of individual F 1-ATPase motors, and confirmed a three-step mechanism of γ subunit rotation during ATP hydrolysis. Further assessment of the biophysical and bioengineering properties of FF 1-ATPase currently are being conducted, as well as the construction of a hybrid NEMS device powered by FF 1-ATPase. The evolution of this technology will permit the creation of novel classes of nanoscale, hybrid devices.
Ranked species occupancy curves reveal common patterns among diverse metacommunities

Aim Community ecologists often compare assemblages. Alternatively, one may compare species distributions among assemblages for macroecological comparisons of species niche traits and dispersal abilities, which are consistent with metacommunity theory and a regional community concept. The aim of this meta-analysis is to use regressions of ranked species occupancy curves (RSOCs) among diverse metacommunities and to consider the common patterns observed. Location Diverse data sets from four continents are analysed. Methods Six regression models were translated from traditional occupancy frequency distributions (OFDs) and are distributed among four equation families. Each regression model was fitted to each of 24 data sets and compared using the Akaike information criterion. The analysed data sets encompass a wide range of spatial scales (5 cm–50 km grain, 2–7000 km extent), study scales (11–590 species, 6–5114 sites) and taxa. Observed RSOC regressions were tested for the differences in scale and taxa. Results Three RSOC models within two equation families (exponential and sigmoidal) are required to describe the very different data sets. This result is generally consistent with OFD research, but unlike OFD-based expectations the simple RSOC patterns are not related to spatial scale or other factors. Species occupancy in diverse metacommunities is efficiently summarized with RSOCs, and multi-model inference reliably distinguishes among alternative RSOCs. Main conclusions RSOCs are simple to generate and analyse and clearly identified surprisingly similar patterns among very different metacommunities. Species-specific hypotheses (e.g. niche-based factors and dispersal abilities) that depend on spatial scale may not translate to diverse metacommunities that sample regional communities. A novel set of three metacommunity succession and disturbance hypotheses potentially explain RSOC patterns and should be tested in subsequent research. RSOCs are an operational approach to the regional community concept and should be useful in macroecology and metacommunity ecology.
Resource provisioning in SLA-based cluster computing

Cluster computing is excellent for parallel computation. It has become increasingly popular. In cluster computing, a service level agreement (SLA) is a set of quality of services (QoS) and a fee agreed between a customer and an application service provider. It plays an important role in an e-business application. An application service provider uses a set of cluster computing resources to support e-business applications subject to an SLA. In this paper, the QoS includes percentile response time and cluster utilization. We present an approach for resource provisioning in such an environment that minimizes the total cost of cluster computing resources used by an application service provider for an e-business application that often requires parallel computation for high service performance, availability, and reliability while satisfying a QoS and a fee negotiated between a customer and the application service provider. Simulation experiments demonstrate the applicability of the approach.
Bradford H. Hager Receives 2013 Inge Lehmann Medal: Citation

In the post–plate tectonics world, efforts to map the structure of Earth's interior broadened to include a growing preoccupation with the underlying dynamics. Students of global geophysics recognize the important role that previous recipients of the Inge Lehmann Medal played in this effort, but they would also understand the reasons that Bradford Hager of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology must be included in this honored list. Brad has been a central figure in mantle dynamics for the last 30 years, responsible for many fundamental advances in our understanding of mantle structure and flow and their connection to the geological record.
DB2 design advisor: integrated automatic physical database design

The DB2 Design Advisor in IBM® DB2® Universal DatabaseTM (DB2 UDB) Version 8.2 for Linux®, UNIX® and Windows® is a tool that, for a given workload, automatically recommends physical design features that are any subset of indexes, materialized query tables (also called materialized views), shared-nothing database partitionings, and multidimensional clustering of tables. Our work is the very first industrial-strength tool that covers the design of as many as four different features, a significant advance to existing tools, which support no more than just indexes and materialized views. Building such a tool is challenging, because of not only the large search space introduced by the interactions among features, but also the extensibility needed by the tool to support additional features in the future. We adopt a novel "hybrid" approach in the Design Advisor that allows us to take important interdependencies into account as well as to encapsulate design features as separate components to lower the reengineering cost. The Design Advisor also features a built-in module that automatically reduces the given workload, and therefore provides great scalability for the tool. Our experimental results demonstrate that our tool can quickly provide good physical design recommendations that satisfy users' requirements.
The Pentagram Map

We consider the pentagram map on the space of plane convex pentagons obtained by drawing a pentagon's diagonals, recovering unpublished results of Conway and proving new ones. We generalize this to a “pentagram map” on convex polygons of more than five sides, showing that iterated images of anyinitial polygon converge exponentially fast to a point. We conjecture that the asymptotic behavior of this convergence is the same as under a projective transformation. Finally, we show a connection between the pentagram map and a certain flow defined on parametrized curves.
13 C and 1 H NMR Studies of PQQ and Selected Derivatives

The ortho-quinone structure of PQQ is famous for its reactivity with nucleophilic species of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen(Duine et. al. 1987). In fact, the crystal structure of PQQ was solved in the form of the C-5 acetone adduct(Salisbury et. al 1979). The propensity of the ortho-quinone to accept nucleophiles is the chemical basis of the function of PQQ at enzyme active sites. The present study focuses on the NMR of PQQ and various derivatives formed with oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles. Our goals are to assign the lH, 13C, and 15N NMR spectra and to rigorously confirm the structures of the adducts. Once the NMR data of the relevant adducts are well defined, we will use 13C-and 15N-labeled substrates to probe the active sites of PQQ-containing enzymes.
Recursive least squares with linear constraints

The use of linear constraints on the coefficients of adaptive transversal filters is proposed for the extraction of polarized waveforms from two-channel signals. The method is demonstrated using real seismic data.
The effects of unemployment on new firm formation revisited: Does space matter?

This paper seeks to reconcile previous mixed results regarding the effects of unemployment on new firm formation. It is proposed that the relationship between unemployment and new firm formation is not stable over space but varies across regions as determined by regionally distinctive economic structures and new firm formation mechanisms. Unemployment may affect new firm formation differently even oppositely across disaggregated geographic units. It is therefore likely that unemployment stimulates new business creation in some areas while constrains it in other regions. Since ordinary least squares coefficients represent average effects, the unemployment coefficient could be positive, negative, or statistically insignificant as suggested by prior studies, depending on the relative strengths of the positive and negative influences of unemployment in a given industry, nation, or a period of time. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) techniques will be calibrated with rich county-level data to test the existence of spatially varying relationships between new firm formation and unemployment across US counties in 10 separate industries. This paper may greatly impact public policy-making and administration in taking into account entrepreneurial activities and impacts that may be location-specific and may spillover from one jurisdiction to its neighbours. Location-specific relationships may suggest that ‘one size fits all’ entrepreneurship policy does not exist in fostering quality entrepreneurship and promoting economic development.
A Total Quality Improvement Approach to Student Learning

The burgeoning efforts of American colleges and universities to implement total quality management (TQM) or continuous quality improvement (CQI), have met with considerable success in their operational functions (Chaffee & Sheer, 1992; Miller, 1991; Sheer & Teeter, 1991), but made relatively less progress in penetrating their instructional and research activities (Ellis, 1993; Spanbauer, 1992; Williams & Loder, 1993). While academics quite naturally suspect systems that come out of the private sector, adapting a quality approach to teaching and learning has attractive possibilities.
What Combination of Message Characteristics Determines Hedonic and Counter-Hedonic Preferences? An Examination of the Interplay Between Valence and Semantic Affinity

This study explores entertainment preferences made by individuals in different romantic situations using four kinds of popular films varied by valence (happy or sad) and semantic affinity (romance related or romance unrelated) that have the capacity to alter prevailing affective states. The preferences were examined using Zillmann's (1988) mood management theory and alternative explanations of the theory that explain counter-hedonic selections. Results from an experiment (N = 152) show that different affective situations motivate individuals to prefer particular kinds of films among the four options presented, and that the two message characteristics determine the preferences interactionally rather than independently or additively. Results are interpreted in terms of the three plausible self-regulatory motivations—self-protection, self-improvement, and self-enhancement—underlying the preferences.
Experimental Detection of Sign-Reversal Pairing in Iron-Based Superconductors

We propose a modified Josephson corner-junction experiment which can test whether the order parameter in the iron pnictides changes sign between the electron and hole pockets of the Fermi surface.
MASS DEPENDENCE OF SHELL EFFECTS AT HIGH ROTATIONAL FREQUENCIES

Abstract The continuum γ-ray spectra from the reactions 40 Ar(170–185 MeV) + 50 Ti, 68 Zn, 82 Se, 100 Mo → 90 Zr ∗ , 108 Cd ∗ , 122 Te ∗ , 140 Nd ∗ , respectively have been studied by using a sum-energy technique. The evolution of the γ-ray spectra with sum energy (spin) suggests the presence of rotational motion at high spins. A method to correct for incomplete feeding was applied to the γ-ray spectra and effective moments of inertia were determined. The results indicate the appearance of a new source of angular momentum at high rotational frequencies. We interpret this as the alignment of high- j orbitals from the next major shell. Simple arguments, as well as cranked-shell-model calculations, are consistent with this picture. Data on band moments of inertia, from E γ − E γ correlation experiments, are also in accord with our interpretation.
Extended algebra and calculus for nested relational databases

Relaxing the assumption that relations are always in First-Normal-Form (1NF) necessitates a reexamination of the fundamentals of relational database theory. In this paper we take a first step towards unifying the various theories of ¬1NF databases. We start by determining an appropriate model to couch our formalisms in. We then define an extended relational calculus as the theoretical basis for our ¬1NF database query language. We define a minimal extended relational algebra and prove its equivalence to the ¬1NF relational calculus. We define a class of ¬1NF relations with certain “good” properties and extend our algebra operators to work within this domain. We prove certain desirable equivalences that hold only if we restrict our language to this domain.
Differential callosal contributions to bimanual control in young and older adults

Our recent work has shown that older adults are disproportionately impaired at bimanual tasks when the two hands are moving out of phase with each other [Bangert, A. S., Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., Walsh, C. M., Schachter, A. B., & Seidler, R. D. Bimanual coordination and aging: Neurobehavioral implications. Neuropsychologia, 48, 1165-1170, 2010]. Interhemispheric interactions play a key role during such bimanual movements to prevent interference from the opposite hemisphere. Declines in corpus callosum (CC) size and microstructure with advancing age have been well documented, but their contributions to age deficits in bimanual function have not been identified. In the current study, we used structural magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging to investigate age-related changes in the relationships between callosal macrostructure, microstructure, and motor performance on tapping tasks requiring differing degrees of interhemispheric interaction. We found that older adults demonstrated disproportionately poorer performance on out-of-phase bimanual control, replicating our previous results. In addition, older adults had smaller anterior CC size and poorer white matter integrity in the callosal midbody than their younger counterparts. Surprisingly, larger CC size and better integrity of callosal microstructure in regions connecting sensorimotor cortices were associated with poorer motor performance on tasks requiring high levels of interhemispheric interaction in young adults. Conversely, in older adults, better performance on these tasks was associated with larger size and better CC microstructure integrity within the same callosal regions. These findings implicate age-related declines in callosal size and integrity as a key contributor to bimanual control deficits. Further, the differential age-related involvement of transcallosal pathways reported here raises new questions about the role of the CC in bimanual control.
Effects of idle reduction technologies on real world fuel use and exhaust emissions of idling long-haul trucks.

Idling long-haul freight trucks may consume nearly one billion gallons of diesel fuel per year in the U.S. There is a need for real-world data by which to quantify avoided fuel use and emissions attributable to idle reduction techniques of auxiliary power units (APUs) and shore-power (SP). Field data were obtained from 20 APU-equipped and SP-compatible trucks observed during 2.8 million miles of travel in 42 states. Base engine fuel use and emission rates varied depending on ambient temperature. APU and SP energy use and emission rates varied depending on electrical load. APUs reduced idling fuel use and CO2 emissions for single and team drivers by 22 and 5% annually, respectively. SP offers greater reductions in energy use of 48% for single drivers, as well as in emissions, except for SO2. APUs were cost-effective for single drivers with a large number of APU usage hours per year, but not for team drivers or for single drivers with low APU utilization rates. The findings support more accurate assessments...
The internal conversions of trans- and cis-1,3,5-hexatriene in cyclohexane solution studied with sub-50 fs UV pulses

Abstract Subpicosecond internal conversion dynamics of cis - and trans -1,3,5-hexatriene in cyclohexane were studied using sub 50 fs ultraviolet pulses. This time resolution allows direct observation of the 1B (S 2 ) and 2A (S 1 ) lifetimes. The 1B lifetime is 55±20 fs for trans -hexatriene, and ⩽50 fs for cis -hexatriene. The subsequent 2A lifetime of trans -hexatriene is found to be 190±30 fs, and is controlled by the rate of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution. The 2A lifetime in cis -hexatriene is 250±30 fs, and is affected by modification of the excited state potential energy surface from coupling with the solvent.
Analysis and Modeling of Chromosome Congression During Mitosis in the Chemotherapy Drug Cisplatin.

The chemotherapy drug Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)) induces crosslinks within and between DNA strands, and between DNA and nearby proteins. Therefore, Cisplatin-treated cells which progress into cell division may do so with altered chromosome mechanical properties. This could have important consequences for the successful completion of mitosis. Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence microscopy of live Cisplatin-treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, we found that metaphase mitotic spindles have disorganized kinetochores relative to untreated cells, and also that there is increased variability in the chromosome stretching distance between sister centromeres. This suggests that chromosome stiffness may become more variable after Cisplatin treatment. We explored the effect of variable chromosome stiffness during mitosis using a stochastic model in which kinetochore microtubule dynamics were regulated by tension imparted by stretched sister chromosomes. Consistent with experimental results, increased variability of chromosome stiffness in the model led to disorganization of kinetochores in simulated metaphase mitotic spindles. Furthermore, the variability in simulated chromosome stretching tension was increased as chromosome stiffness became more variable. Because proper chromosome stretching tension may serve as a signal that is required for proper progression through mitosis, tension variability could act to impair this signal and thus prevent proper mitotic progression. Our results suggest a possible mitotic mode of action for the anti-cancer drug Cisplatin.
Trans-oral robotic surgery and surgeon-performed trans-oral ultrasound for intraoperative location and excision of an isolated retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma☆

Abstract Background Retropharyngeal metastases are uncommon but a well-known location for regional spread of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC). Surgeon-performed, trans-oral ultrasound (SP-TO-US) and trans-oral robot-assisted surgical (TORS) excision represent a unique combination of technology and techniques in the treatment of isolated retropharyngeal thyroid metastases. Patient findings A patient with a history of T3N1b papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) previously treated with total thyroidectomy, left central and lateral neck dissection, and radioactive iodine presented with progressive elevations in serum thyroglobulin (Tg) from baseline of 0.2 to 0.6 μg/L. She was found to have an isolated 2.6 cm left retropharyngeal nodal metastasis on MRI that was confirmed to be PTC on fine needle aspiration biopsy. She underwent SP-TO-US for identification of the node in the operating room immediately prior to TORS excision. There were no complications. Additional radioactive iodine was administered. Post-treatment iodine scans revealed resolution of avid uptake in left retropharynx and return of Tg to 0.2 μg/L. Summary The combination of SP-TO-US and TORS represents a novel combination of technology and technique for treatment of isolated retropharyngeal metastasis in WDTC. Trans-oral ultrasound allows for rapid localization of the lesion in relation to the adjacent neurovascular structures in the parapharynx while the robot-assisted approach affords a safe and effective dissection through the improved visualization and dexterity in a small working space. Our patient had no complications and only short-term dysphagia that resolved after temporary diet alteration. Risks and long-term morbidities associated with classical approaches to the retropharynx including trans-cervical and trans-mandibular, particularly in a previously dissected field, are avoided through this trans-oral approach. Conclusions Retropharyngeal metastases are a known location for regional spread of WDTC and are amenable to evaluation and biopsy using TO-US by both surgical and non-surgical providers. In cases where lateral neck dissection has already been performed or when traditional transcervical or transmandibular approaches to the retropharynx represent a comparatively extensive procedure for isolated metastases, SP-TO-US and TORS are safe and effective combination for surgical management of disease.
Ghost-imaging experiment by measuring reflected photons

A CCD array is placed facing a chaotic light source and gated by a photon counting detector that simply counts all randomly scattered and reflected photons from an object. A ``ghost'' image of the object is then observed in the gated CCD. Differing from all published ghost-imaging experiments, this setup captures ghosts from scattered and reflected light of an object, instead of the transmitted ones. This new feature is not only useful for practical applications, but is also important fundamentally. It further explores the nonclassical interference nature of thermal light ghost imaging.
Purification and characterization of two tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase activities from soybean cotyledons

Abstract The tyrosyl- t RNA synthetases located in cytoplasm and chloroplasts of soybean cotyledons were purified to near homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatography. Purified cytoplasmic tyrosyl- t RNA synthetase shows only a single band in acrylamide gel electrophoresis which corresponds to a MW of 126000. In SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis the enzyme again shows only a single band which corresponds to a MW of 61 000. Chloroplast tyrosyl- t RNA synthetase shows only one band in both acrylamide and SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis with MWs being 98 000 and 43 000, respectively. For cytoplasmic tyrosyl- t RNA synthetase the apparent K m s determined are 6.8 μM L -tyrosine, 49 μM ATP, and 8.9 × 10 −8 M t RNA (as total t RNA). Apparent K m s for chloroplast tyrosyl- t RNA synthetase are 4.9 μM L -tyrosine, 214 μM ATP and 2.2 × 10 −8 M t RNA (as BDC-ethanol fraction t RNA). Fractionation of soybean cotyledon- t RNA on RPC-5 columns gives 4 tyrosyl- t RNA species, the first two species ( t RNA 1 and 2 Tyr ) are acylated only by cytoplasmic tyrosyl- t RNA synthetase while the last two species ( t RNA 3 and 4 Tyr ) are acylated only by chloroplast tyrosyl- t RNA synthetase.
Helium diffusion in rutile and titanite, and consideration of the origin and implications of diffusional anisotropy

Abstract Diffusion of helium has been characterized in natural sphene (titanite) and synthetic rutile. Polished slabs of sphene and rutile were implanted with 100 keV 3He at a dose of 5 × 1015 3He/cm2 and annealed in 1-atm furnaces. 3He distributions following experiments were measured with nuclear reaction analysis using the reaction 3He(d,p)4He. For diffusion in rutile we obtain the following Arrhenius relations: D ‖ a = 2 . 26 × 1 0 − 1 0 exp ( − 126 ± 11 kJ mol − 1 / RT ) m 2 sec − 1 . D ‖ c = 1 . 75 × 1 0 − 8 exp ( − 12 0 ± 7 kJ mol − 1 / RT ) m 2 sec − 1 . Although activation energies for diffusion parallel to the c- and a-axes are comparable, there is marked diffusional anisotropy, with diffusion parallel to the c-axis about 2 orders of magnitude faster than transport parallel to the a-axis. These diffusivities bracket the values determined for He diffusion in rutile in bulk release experiments ( Stockli et al., 2005 , Stockli et al., 2007 , Wolfe, 2009 ), although the role of anisotropy could not be directly evaluated in those measurements. In titanite, the following Arrhenius relation was obtained over the temperature range 252–550 °C for diffusion parallel to the a-axis: D = 2 . 14 × 1 0 − 6 exp ( − 148 ± 8 kJ mol − 1 / RT ) m 2 sec − 1 . In contrast to rutile and zircon ( Cherniak et al., 2009 ), titanite shows little evidence of anisotropy, as diffusivities parallel to the a- and c-axes are similar, and diffusivities for titanites from two different localities are similar. He diffusion coefficients obtained in this study are similar to those measured through bulk release of He by step heating ( Shuster et al., 2003 ). Over the investigated temperature range, diffusion of He in titanite is similar to that of He diffusion in rutile parallel to the c-axis, but much faster than diffusion parallel to the a-axis. Since the diffusion of He in rutile exhibits such pronounced anisotropy, we model diffusional loss of He with a recently developed finite-element code ( Watson et al., 2010 ) created to simulate diffusion in cylindrical geometry with differing radial and axial diffusion coefficients. We present example applications to evaluate helium losses from rutile grains as a function of grain size and length to diameter ratios. In efforts to better understand the occurrence of pronounced anisotropy for He diffusion in some crystals (e.g., rutile, zircon) but not in others (e.g., apatite, titanite), we consider the density and distribution of interstitial apertures in the crystal structure that might permit He migration. These determinations, an extension of the concept of ionic porosity, are consistent with observations of relative diffusivities and the existence or absence of significant anisotropy for the minerals rutile, zircon, apatite and titanite.
Mixed-Model Assembly Quality: An Approach to Prevent Human Errors

Mixed-model production is the manufacture of similar products on a single assembly line (see Fig. 1). This assembly technique is gaining popularity in a multitude of production environments. Benefits of this include: reduced investment costs, reduced fluctuation in production due to customer demand, and smaller production facilities. For some world-class manufacturers, mixed-model production also causes increased commonality amongst products on each assembly line thus leading to reduced inventory levels and number of stock-keeping units (SKU). However, a systematic approach is lacking in most companies leading to an increase in human assembly errors due to the increase in process complexity. In response, many companies focus on automation, lean-manufacturing, and JIT parts delivery along with other forms of technology and error-proofing devices. Unfortunately, there are two problems with this approach. First, how does a company with low production volume justify the investment in automation, technology, and error-proofing devices to alleviate these types of errors? Second, employing these fixes after the problems exist leads to sub-optimal designs. With product life-cycles shrinking (Shibata, 2001) and development times shortening even more severely (see Fig. 2), companies cannot afford to fix problems after they find them in production. Companies need to address the problem in the design stage. The authors propose a multi-phase approach to managing mixed-model assembly errors in low to mid-volume assembly environments. First, companies should employ mixed-model FMEA during preliminary design to drive commonality and eliminate errors at the systems level. Second, a geometry-based comparison function based off CAD system data that can identify similar parts during detailed design is needed. An automated comparison technique alerts the designer to potential assembly problems of individual parts. Third, when parts must be physically similar, this information must be transferred to manufacturing so appropriate technologies are employed to error-proof the assembly operation.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
EMPLOYMENT RETURNS TO MIGRATION

This paper examines whether migration between 1975 and 1980 affected the likelihood of being employed in 1980 among black Mexican Puerto Rican and non-Hispanic white men. Multivariate statistical analyses of the [U.S.] Public Use Microdata Samples of the 1980 decennial census reveal that migration did not increase the likelihood of being employed among the native-born population especially black Mexican and Puerto Rican men. Only the foreign-born who migrated between 1975-1980 increased their likelihood of being employed. The findings move us one step closer to understanding how migration alters the job prospects of native minority men. (EXCERPT)