cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wind farm models suitable for mid-term and long-term simulation

Direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator( PMSG) wind turbines make up a growing portion of the wind farm because of its high efficiency and reliability. Previous modeling analysis mainly applies to the electromagnetic transient detail model,but it doesn't apply to the long-term process,such as large-scale system disturbance and the imbalance between active and reactive power caused by it. This paper takes the wind farm model made up of PMSG wind turbines,which is suitable for mid-term and long-term simulation as the research object.Firstly,the simplified model of the PMSG wind turbine suitable for mid-term and long-term simulation is established in this paper. And then the corresponding model of wind farm is put forward,which has the ability to adjust the active power and reactive power. Finally related simulations are carried out. The simulation results prove the correctness of the proposed simplified model and the effectiveness of wind farm model used in mid-term and long-term simulation process.
188 INFUSIONAL ETOPOSIDE, DAUNORUBICIN, VINCRISTINE, AND CYTARABINE IN RELAPSED ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA.

Background The likelihood of achieving a second remission in relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is directly related to the duration of the first remission. Patients with relapses within the first year or those with refractory disease do especially poorly, with complete response (CR) rates of 10-20%. Salvage regimens using agents such as high-dose cytarabine have frequently been used, but second remissions are brief and treatment-related mortality is 20-25%. Methods We report a retrospective review of 24 patients with AML who were refractory to induction therapy or relapsed within 12 months of induction therapy. These patients received cytarabine 150 mg/m2 IV CI on days 1-7, etoposide 100 mg/m2 IV CI on days 3-7, daunorubicin 20 mg/m2 IV CI on days 4-7 and vincristine 0.8 mg IV CI on days 4-7. Results There were eight complete remissions for a CR rate of 33% and median time to relapse of 5 months. The 30-day mortality rate was 4.2%. A total of 9 patients over 50 years old were included with 4 complete responses for a CR rate of 44%, and none died in the first 30 days. Conclusion This regimen produced a good remission rate for these poor-risk patients with less treatment-related mortality than conventional treatment. In the small subset of patients under 50 years old, efficacy was shown, as well as tolerability. With the age at onset in AML increasing, therapies are needed that attain a CR with low treatment-related mortality.
High-flow nasal cannula use in a paediatric intensive care unit over 3 years.

Objective: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is increasingly used in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients, despite a paucity of studies. We describe its use over the 3 years since its implementation in our tertiary intensive care unit. Design: The clinical database was used to identify PICU patients on HFNC therapy from 2011 to 2013. Patients were assessed for risk factors, underlying diagnosis, viral test results and cardiorespiratory parameters before and after HFNC therapy. Results: Fifty-four children were included with a median age of 3.5 months (interquartile range [IQR], 1-10 months) and 59% were females. The commonest diagnosis was bronchiolitis (79%). HFNC therapy was successful in 78% of patients and failed for 12 (seven patients went on to CPAP treatment and five were intubated). The median time to HFNC therapy failure was 5.5 hours (IQR, 3.6-9 hours), with 75% of patients experiencing therapy failure by 8.25 hours. The failure rate was 50% in children with a primary diagnosis of congenital heart disease. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean respiratory rate at 1 hour in the success and failure groups (P = 0.037), despite similar respiratory rates at onset. HFNC therapy failure was associated with a longer PICU LOS (P = 0.04). Conclusion: HFNC therapy was successful in most patients. Most failures occurred within 8.25 hours. Use of HFNC for heart disease was associated with a high therapy failure rate (50%).
S1P Control of Endothelial Integrity

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a lipid mediator produced by sphingolipid metabolism, promotes endothelial cell spreading, vascular maturation/stabilization, and barrier function. S1P is present at high concentrations in the circulatory system, whereas in tissues its levels are low. This so-called vascular S1P gradient is essential for S1P to regulate much physiological and pathophysiological progress such as the modulation of vascular permeability. Cellular sources of S1P in blood has only recently begun to be identified. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of S1P in regulating vascular integrity. In particular, we discuss the recent discovery of the endothelium-protective functions of HDL-bound S1P which is chaperoned by apolipoprotein M.
The History of Coronary Stenting.

The history of coronary angioplasty began with the groundbreaking work of Andreas Gruntzig, who was the first to use balloon-expandable catheters for the treatment of flow-limiting atherosclerotic coronary artery lesions. Thereafter, early investigators tested self-expanding springs as a solution to abrupt closure and restenosis seen with balloon angioplasty but these devices suffered from difficult delivery and a high complication rate. Julio Palmaz and Richard Schatz introduced the first balloon-expandable stent as a mechanical support to improve vessel patency. Their pioneering work launched a new era in the treatment of coronary artery disease.
Mitochondrial Ion Channels in Metabolic Disease

Mitochondria are small organelles that reside in most eukaryotic cells and are responsible for cellular energy production. They are also involved in other cellular signaling pathways including cell apoptosis. Mitochondria are composed of two phospholipid bilayers: the outer mitochondrial membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane; and two aqueous spaces: the intermembrane space and the matrix. Like the plasma membrane, many ion channels are located in the mitochondrial membranes and play a critical role in mitochondrial functions. Increasing evidence suggests that the dysregulation of mitochondrial ion channels is implicated in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. In this chapter, we review the role of mitochondrial ion channels in metabolic disease.
The Politics of Judicial Space

From Alexander Hamilton’s perspective, no mechanical structure ‘checking and balancing’ orders of men, such as Adams proposed, could alone save a ‘factious’ people from destroying itself. Nor could men rely, as Jefferson seemed to suggest, on the improvement of human nature through technological progress and education. Although their individual visions differed, both Adams and Jefferson held out hope that a new ‘science’ of politics (or man) would vest final judgment about public law with a community or an order of homogeneous and likeminded men.1
Regulatory volume decrease in the presence of HCO3- by single osteosarcoma cells UMR-106-01.

The technique for the simultaneous recording of cell volume changes and pHi in single cells was used to study the role of HCO3- in regulatory volume decrease (RVD) by the osteosarcoma cells UMR-106-01. In the presence of HCO3-, steady state pHi is regulated by Na+/H+ exchange, Na+ (HCO3-)3 cotransport and Na(+)-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange. Following swelling in hypotonic medium, pHi was reduced from 7.16 +/- 0.02 to 6.48 +/- 0.02 within 3.4 +/- 0.28 min. During this period of time, the cells performed RVD until cell volume was decreased by 31 +/- 5% beyond that of control cells (RVD overshoot). Subsequently, while the cells were still in hypotonic medium, pHi slowly increased from 6.48 +/- 0.02 to 6.75 +/- 0.02. This increase in pHi coincided with an increase in cell volume back to normal (recovery from RVD overshoot or hypotonic regulatory volume increase (RVI)). The same profound changes in cell volume and pHi after cell swelling were observed in the complete absence of Cl- or Na+, providing HCO3- was present. On the other hand, depolarizing the cells by increasing external K+ or by inhibition of K+ channels with quinidine, Ba2+ or tetraethylammonium prevented the changes in pHi and RVD. These findings suggest that in the presence of HCO3-, RVD in UMR-106-01 cells is largely mediated by the conductive efflux of K+ and HCO3-. Removal of external Na+ but not Cl- prevented the hypotonic RVI that occurred after the overshoot in RVD. Amiloride had no effect, whereas pretreatment with 4,4‘-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2‘-disulfonic acid (DIDS) strongly inhibited hypotonic RVI. Thus, hypotonic RVI is mediated by a Na+(out)-dependent, Cl(-)-independent and DIDS-inhibitable mechanism, which is indicative of a Na+(HCO3-)3 cotransporter. This is the first evidence for the involvement of this transporter in cell volume regulation. The present results also stress the power of the new technique used in delineating complicated cell volume regulatory mechanisms in attached single cells.
PROBLEM AND METHODOLOGICAL SOLUTION FOR CALCULATIONS ALTOGETHER PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE

Author is engaged with problems of incorporating intermediate inputs in productivity measurements in agriculture, i.e. including intermediate inputs in a function of attached value because in that way it’s more comprehensively showing structure of agriculture production. The importance of use of superlative indexes that display qualitative changes in measurement of partial productivity is short analyzed. It’s overlooked the influence of technical-technological progress on altogether productivity adequately measure the importance in growth of production. It’s obverse that the problems of productivity measurement in agriculture are more complex than in other sectors of production. Main cause of that condition is, beside other, acceptation and use of different models and procedures at determination of productivity parameters.
WiP Abstract: A Physiology-Aware Communication Architecture for Distributed Emergency Medical CPS

For emergency medical cyber-physical systems, enhancing the safety and effectiveness of patient care, especially in rural areas, is essential. While the doctor to patient ratio in the United States is 30 to 10,000 in large metropolitan areas, it is only 5 to 10,000 in most rural areas; and the highest death rates are often found in the most rural counties [3]. Use of telecommunication technologies can enhance effectiveness and safety of emergency ambulance transport of patients from rural areas to a regional center hospital. It enables remote monitoring of patients by the physicians at the center hospital and provides vital assistance to the emergency medical technicians (EMT) to associate best treatments. However, the communication along the roads in rural areas can range from 4G to 2G to low speed satellite links, with some parts suffering from communication breakage. This unreliable and limited communication bandwidth together with the produced mass of clinical data and the many information exchanges pose a major challenge in real-time supervision of patients.During this research, we are developing a novel adaptive physiology-aware communication architecture which is aware of the patient condition, the underlying network bandwidth, and the criticality of clinical data in the context of the specific disease to achieve an enhanced remote monitoring. Further, it features reliability, safety, and fault tolerance for cases such as network interruption.
Effects of Future Launch and Reentry Operations on the National Airspace System

Space launch and reentry operations are expected to increase in the coming years with the expansion of commercial space operators and spaceport development. Every launch and reentry in the United S...
Lithium dendrite growth mechanisms in liquid electrolytes

Abstract A unified theoretical framework of dendrite growth kinetics has been developed to account for the coupled effects of electrodeposition, surface tension, and elastic and plastic deformation. The contribution of each driving force is assessed to identify five regimes of lithium growth: thermodynamic suppression regime, incubation regime, tip-controlled growth regime, base-controlled growth regime, and mixed growth regime, in agreement with the experimental scientific literature. Tip-controlled growth shows a linear time-dependence, while base-controlled growth shows an exponential time-dependence. A minimum in the growth rate, as a result of the reaction energy barrier increase imposed on the interface by the local elastic energy, is identified in the mixed growth regime. Further, two characteristic deposition times are identified: the characteristic deposition time, t ∘ , which defines the critical time scale necessary to overcome the electrochemical energy barrier for nucleation, and the characteristic plasticity time, t σ , which corresponds to the time scale necessary for plastic flow to occur, given a local shear stress. Examples of experimentally reported transitions between tip-controlled growth and base-controlled growth are readily captured through the proposed framework. While one or more mechanisms may dominate the growth of the electrodeposit, the proposed formulation defines a road map to design dendrite-free, lithium-based anodes as a stepping stone to identify alternate chemistries.
Endorsing performance measures is a matter of trust

Healthcare agencies should ensure that performance measures for accreditation or reimbursement are supported by sound scientific evidence and safeguarded from potential commercial influences, argue Peter Eichacker and colleagues
A single loss of photosynthesis in diatoms

Loss of photosynthesis is a common and often repeated trajectory in nearly all major groups of photosynthetic eukaryotes. One small subset of 9apochlorotic9 diatoms in the genus Nitzschia have lost their ability to photosynthesize and require extracellular carbon for growth. Similar to other secondarily nonphotosynthetic taxa, apochloritic diatoms maintain colorless plastids with highly reduced plastid genomes. Although the narrow taxonomic breadth of apochloritic diatoms suggests a single loss of photosynthesis in the common ancestor of these species, previous phylogenetic analyses suggested that photosynthesis was lost multiple times. We sequenced additional phylogenetic markers from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes for a larger set of taxa and found that the best trees for datasets representing all three genetic compartments provided low to moderate support for monophyly of apochlorotic Nitzschia, consistent with a single loss of photosynthesis in diatoms. We sequenced the plastid genome of one apochloritic species and found that it was highly similar in all respects to the plastid genome of another apochloritic Nitzschia species, indicating that streamlining of the plastid genome had completed prior to the split of these two species. Finally, it is increasingly clear that some locales host relatively large numbers apochloritic Nitzschia species that span the phylogenetic diversity of the group, indicating that these species co-exist because of resource abundance or resource partitioning in ecologically favorable habitats. A better understanding of the phylogeny and ecology of this group, together with emerging genomic resources, will help identify the factors that have driven and maintained the loss of photosynthesis in this group, a rare event in diatoms.
Study of polyethylene pipe resins by a fatigue test that simulates crack propagation in a real pipe

A fatigue test that simulates the step-wise crack propagation found in pipes in the field, and uses a standard compact-tension specimen, was employed to study and rank crack resistance of various pipe resins. The thermal history during compression moulding of the test specimens strongly affected fracture kinetics. It was found that crack-resistant properties of in-service pipe were best reproduced if compression-moulded plaques were fast cooled under load. This procedure was used to prepare specimens from candidate pipe resins for fatigue testing. The resins were compared in terms of discontinuous crack growth kinetics. The ranking based on resistance to fatigue crack propagation correlated with results of a standard PENT creep test. However, fatigue failure times were an order of magnitude less than the standard creep times. After comparing the initiation and failure times of the resins with detailed kinetics of step-wisse crack propagation, a simplified and rapid procedure is proposed which calls for evaluating only the first jump after initiation.
Weil Functions and Néron Divisors

Weil in his thesis [We 2] gave a decomposition theorem which showed how the decomposition of the divisor of a rational function into irreducible components is reflected in the ideal decomposition of the values of this function at points in number fields. He extended his decomposition theorem to the case of arbitrary absolute values, including archimedean ones, in [We 1].
Abstract 5297: LCA: A robust and scalable algorithm to reveal subtle diversity in large-scale single-cell RNA-Seq data

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) emerges as a powerful tool to characterize cell-to-cell variation and dynamics in a seemingly homogenous population. Efficient and affordable, scRNA-seq is gaining in popularity in both basic and translational biological research areas. However, significant challenges arise in the analysis of scRNA-seq data, including low signal-to-noise ratio with high data sparsity, rising scalability hurdles with hundreds of thousands of cells, and more. Due to inherent complexities in scRNA-seq data, the performance of currently available algorithms may not always be optimal even for fundamental tasks such as identifying heterogeneous subpopulations in the data. In this study, we developed Latent Cellular Analysis (LCA), a machine learning based analytical pipeline that combines similarity measurement by latent cellular states with a graph-based clustering algorithm. LCA features a dual-space model search for both the optimal number of subpopulations and the informative cellular states distinguishing them. LCA provides heuristic solutions for population number inference, dimension reduction, feature selection and confounding factor removal without explicit gene filtering. LCA has proved to be robust, accurate and powerful by comparison to multiple state-of-the-art computational methods on large-scale real and simulated scRNA-seq data. Importantly, LCA9s ability to learn from representative subsets of the data provides scalability, thereby addressing a significant challenge for growing sample size in scRNA-seq data analysis. Citation Format: Changde Cheng, John Easton, Celeste Rosencrance, Yan Li, Bensheng Ju, Wenan Chen, Xiang Chen. LCA: A robust and scalable algorithm to reveal subtle diversity in large-scale single-cell RNA-Seq data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5297.
Nanostructured thin films from amphiphilic molecules

Abstract: Over the past several decades, the Langmuir monolayer and Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) techniques have been widely utilized for the characterization of small amphiphilic molecules such as organic polymers (i.e. block copolymers, star block copolymers, and dendritic polymers), inorganic nanomaterials, and even carbon nanotubes and biomolecules. This chapter will introduce several amphiphilic and colloidal materials and describe their surface chemistry and properties at the air–water interface. Finally, some examples of thin film applications using LB films will be discussed.
Ernst Troeltsch: Political Ethics and Comparative Religions

This chapter is a study of public theory of religion and ethics in Troeltsch’s historicism and comparative study of world religions. Unlike Weber, Troeltsch did not find an interest in critical theory and political theology. I re-examine Troeltsch’s social ethical theology and historical, critical method for the correlation model for political theology and comparative study of religions. Troeltsch in the European modernist framework can be a potential pioneer for breaking through a path of multiple modernities, which can be found in his comparative study of religions. His Christian sociology can be compared to Weber’s sociology, and his evaluation of Calvinist ethics and social humanism is differentiated from Weber. However, his limitation does not go unnoticed. For the correlation between critical theory and political theology, Troeltsch’s historical, critical method can be critically renewed with attention to hermeneutical theory (Gadamer) and the sociology of lifeworld (Habermas) for critical social ethics, religious humanism, and alternative modernities.
IoT 2 — the Internet of Tiny Things: Realizing mm-Scale Sensors through 3D Die Stacking

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly evolving application space. One of the fascinating new fields in IoT research is mm-scale sensors, which make up the Internet of Tiny Things (IoT2). With their miniature size, these systems are poised to open up a myriad of new application domains. Enabled by the unique characteristics of cyber-physical systems and recent advances in low-power design and bare-die 3D chip stacking, mm-scale sensors are rapidly becoming a reality. In this paper, we will survey the challenges and solutions to 3D-stacked mm-scale design, highlighting low-power circuit issues ranging from low-power SRAM and miniature neural network accelerators to radio communication protocols and analog interfaces. We will discuss system-level challenges and illustrate several complete systems and their merging application spaces.
A Supersymmetric Treatment of a Particle Subjected to a Ring-shaped Potential

The ring-shaped Hartmann potential $V = \eta \sigma^{2} \epsilon_{0} \left( \frac{2 a_{0}}{r} - \frac{\eta a_{0}^{2}}{r^{2} sin^{2} \theta} \right)$ was introduced in quantum chemistry to describe ring-shaped molecules like benzene. In this article, fundamental concepts of supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM) are discussed. The energy eigenvalues and (radial) eigenfunctions of the Hartmann potential are subsequently rederived using the techniques of SUSYQM.
The Wilhelm Bernhard workshop: half a century of collegiality.

In this issue, we are pleased to have a report of the 26th Wilhelm Bernhard Workshop, held May 20–24, 2019 in Dijon, France. Without going into the higher mathematics (in which the cumulative years...
Towards a real-time fully-coherent all-sky search for gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences using particle swarm optimization

While a fully-coherent all-sky search is known to be optimal for detecting gravitational wave signals from compact binary coalescences, its high computational cost has limited current searches to less sensitive coincidence-based schemes. Following up on previous work that has demonstrated the effectiveness of particle swarm optimization (PSO) in reducing the computational cost of this search, we present an implementation that achieves near real-time computational speed. This is achieved by combining the search efficiency of PSO with a significantly revised and optimized numerical implementation of the underlying mathematical formalism along with additional multithreaded parallelization layers in a distributed computing framework. For a network of four second-generation detectors with 60 min data from each, the runtime of the implementation presented here ranges between $\ensuremath{\approx}1.4$ to $\ensuremath{\approx}0.5$ times the data duration for network signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10$ and $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}12$, respectively. The reduced runtimes are obtained with small to negligible losses in detection sensitivity: for a false alarm rate of $\ensuremath{\simeq}1$ event per year in Gaussian stationary noise, the loss in detection probability is $\ensuremath{\le}5%$ and $\ensuremath{\le}2%$ for SNRs of 10 and 12, respectively. Using the fast implementation, we are able to quantify frequentist errors in parameter estimation for signals in the double neutron star mass range using a large number of simulated data realizations. A clear dependence of parameter estimation errors and detection sensitivity on the condition number of the network antenna pattern matrix is revealed. Combined with previous work, this paper securely establishes the effectiveness of PSO-based fully-coherent all-sky search across the entire binary inspiral mass range that is relevant to ground-based detectors.
Sparse Sampling of Intermittent Turbulence Generated by Breaking Surface Waves

AbstractWe examine how Eulerian statistics of wave breaking and associated turbulence dissipation rates in a field of intermittent events compare with those obtained from sparse Lagrangian sampling...
Evaluation of cine imaging during multileaf collimator and gantry motion for real-time magnetic resonance guided radiation therapy.

Purpose Real-time magnetic resonance guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) uses 2D cine imaging for target tracking. This work evaluates the percent image uniformity (PIU) and spatial integrity of cine images in the presence of multileaf collimator (MLC) and gantry motion in order to simulate sliding window and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) conditions. Methods Percent image uniformity and spatial integrity of cine images were measured (1) during MLC motion, (2) as a function of static gantry position, and (3) during gantry rotation. PIU was calculated according to the ACR MRI Quality Control Manual. Spatial integrity was evaluated by measuring the geometric distortion of 16 measured marker positions (10 cm or 15.225 cm from isocenter). Results The PIU of cine images did not vary by more than 1% from static linac conditions during MLC motion and did not vary by more than 3% during gantry rotation. Banding artifacts were present during gantry rotation. The geometric distortion in the cine images was less than 0.88 mm for all points measured throughout MLC motion. For all static gantry positions, the geometric distortion was less than 0.88 mm at 10 cm from isocenter and less than 1.4 mm at 15.225 cm from isocenter. During gantry rotation, the geometric distortion remained less than 0.92 mm at 10 cm from isocenter and less than 1.60 mm at 15.225 cm from isocenter. Conclusion During MLC motion, cine images maintained adequate PIU, and the geometric distortion of points within 15.225 cm from isocenter was less than the 1 mm threshold necessary for real-time target tracking and gating. During gantry rotation, PIU was negatively affected by banding artifacts, and spatial integrity was only maintained within 10 cm from isocenter. Future work should investigate the effects imaging artifacts have on real-time target tracking during MRgRT.
Polarized Dishevelled dissolution and condensation drives embryonic axis specification in oocytes

The organismal body axes that are formed during embryogenesis are intimately linked to intrinsic asymmetries established at the cellular scale in oocytes [1]. Here, we report an axis-defining event in meiotic oocytes of the sea star Patiria miniata. Dishevelled is a cytoplasmic Wnt pathway effector required for axis development in diverse species [2-4], but the mechanisms governing its function and distribution remain poorly defined. Using time-lapse imaging, we find that Dishevelled localizes uniformly to puncta throughout the cell cortex in Prophase I-arrested oocytes, but becomes enriched at the vegetal pole following meiotic resumption through a dissolution-condensation mechanism. This process is driven by an initial disassembly phase of Dvl puncta, followed by selective reformation of Dvl assemblies at the vegetal pole. Rather than being driven by Wnt signaling, this localization behavior is coupled to meiotic cell cycle progression and influenced by Lamp1+ endosome association and Frizzled receptors pre-localized within the oocyte cortex. Our results reveal a cell cycle-linked mechanism by which maternal cellular polarity is transduced to the embryo through spatially-regulated Dishevelled dynamics.
The potential influence of radiation-induced microenvironments in neoplastic progression

Ionizing radiation is a complete carcinogen, able both to initiate and promote neoplastic progression and is a known carcinogen of human and murine mammary gland. Tissue response to radiation is a composite of genetic damage, cell death and induction of new gene expression patterns. Although DNA damage is believed to initiate carcinogenesis, the contribution of these other aspects of radiation response are beginning to be explored. Our studies demonstrate that radiation elicits rapid and persistent global alterations in the mammary gland microenvironment. We postulate that radiation-induced microenvironments may affect epithelial cells neoplastic transformation by altering their number or susceptibility. Alternatively, radiation induced microenvironments may exert a selective force on initiated cells and/or be conducive to progression. A key impetus for these studies is the possibility that blocking these events could be a strategy to interrupt neoplastic progression.
Conditions affecting autoinducer-2-based quorum-sensing of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on fresh beef

ABSTRACT This study evaluated whether inoculated (none, 1, 5 log colony-forming units [cfu]/cm2) Escherichia coli O157:H7 would result in detection of autoinducer (AI)-2-like activity on beef. Inoculated fresh beef, containing low (LNB) or high (HNB) initial levels of natural flora, was analyzed for bacterial populations and AI-2-like activity during aerobic or vacuum-packaged storage (4, 10, 25C). As expected, no growth of E. coli O157:H7 was detected at 4C, while at 10C, growth was detected only on LNB samples stored aerobically; AI-2-like activity was minimal (P ≥ 0.05) at both temperatures. E. coli O157:H7 showed more growth in LNB than HNB, and in aerobically than vacuum-packaged samples inoculated with 1 log cfu/cm2 of the pathogen during storage at 25C. AI-2-like activity was generally higher in LNB than HNB samples stored aerobically at 25C, while no significant AI-2-like activity was detected in samples stored in vacuum packages. The results indicated that E. coli O157:H7 may exhibit AI-2-like activity on aerobically stored beef in the presence of lower initial levels of natural flora, and at temperatures allowing prolific growth of the pathogen. Thus, AI-2-based quorum-sensing of E. coli O157:H7 may not be of importance in beef stored at low temperatures. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This study presents evidence that Escherichia coli O157:H7 showed autoinducer (AI)-2 activity and involved in quorum-sensing on fresh beefcontaining low initial levels of natural flora during aerobic storage at abusive storage temperatures. Thus, AI-2-based quorum-sensing of E. coli O157:H7 may not be important in beef stored at recommended low temperatures.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Aqueous Plutonium(IV) Desferrioxamine B Complexes

Two aqueous PuIV-desferrioxamine B (DFOB) complexes were characterized by one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques and an unexpected dimeric PuIVDFOB-di-μ-(O/OH)-PuIVDFOB complex was identified. Both “Curie” and “anti-Curie” behavior were observed for the dimeric species, yet the monomeric species only showed “anti-Curie” behavior. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy experiments showed an increase in particle size for the two species, which is indicative of a dimeric species. Bond lengths and coordination numbers estimated from X-ray absorption spectroscopy are consistent with the proposed structures.
High-grade cervical neoplasia during pregnancy: diagnosis, management and postpartum findings.

Objectives To study the prevalence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2-3) during pregnancy and compare the rates of persistence, progression and regression of CIN 2-3 by colposcopically guided biopsy during pregnancy with respect to the postpartum period. Also to assess biopsy results during pregnancy and postpartum in relation to histopathology after treatment of lesions. Population Pregnant women with a histological diagnosis of CIN 2-3 confirmed by colposcopically guided biopsy during pregnancy. Methods Between 1989 and 2008, 11 700 pregnant women had cytologic and simultaneous colposcopic examinations during pregnancy. A colposcopically guided biopsy was performed when colposcopically suspicious high-grade lesions were detected, regardless of cytological results. Women with a histopathological diagnosis of CIN 2-3 during pregnancy were re-evaluated by colposcopically guided biopsy and treated during the postpartum period. Results CIN 2-3 was diagnosed in 56 of 11 700 (0.48%) pregnant women by biopsy. Thirty women complying with the protocol were assessed postpartum by histopathological studies, of whom 70% exhibited persistence, 13.3% progression and 16.7% regression of CIN 2-3. Twenty-nine were diagnosed by conization and one by colposcopically guided biopsy during the postpartum period, which revealed invasive cervical carcinoma. Conclusions Due to the high rates of CIN 2-3 persistence during the postpartum period, we suggest that all patients in whom CIN 2-3 was diagnosed during pregnancy are biopsied and treated if necessary during the postpartum period, with at least a two-year follow-up control to prevent lesion recurrence.
Crystal structure of the Alpha subunit PAS domain from soluble guanylyl cyclase

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimeric heme protein of ∼150 kDa and the primary nitric oxide receptor. Binding of NO stimulates cyclase activity, leading to regulation of cardiovascular physiology and providing attractive opportunities for drug discovery. How sGC is stimulated and where candidate drugs bind remains unknown. The α and β sGC chains are each composed of Heme-Nitric Oxide Oxygen (H-NOX), Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS), coiled-coil and cyclase domains. Here, we present the crystal structure of the α1 PAS domain to 1.8 A resolution. The structure reveals the binding surfaces of importance to heterodimer function, particularly with respect to regulating NO binding to heme in the β1 H-NOX domain. It also reveals a small internal cavity that may serve to bind ligands or participate in signal transduction.
I Molecular biology of hepatitis C virus

Publisher Summary This chapter describes current understanding of the molecular virology of hepatitis C, including the known physical properties of the infectious particle and its RNA genome, the proposed functions of the virally encoded proteins, and the postulated pathway of virus replication. Molecular and immunological analyses confirmed that they contained hepatitis C virus (HCV) structural proteins. They also exhibited a similar buoyant density and sedimentation coefficient as described for putative infectious HCV particles. The HCV genome is a single-stranded RNA molecule of positive polarity approximately 9.6 kb in length. It contains a single open reading frame (ORF) of ∼ 9 kb that encodes a polyprotein of ∼3000 amino acids. Many advances have been made in the molecular biology of this virus, including the characterization of the genome, the role of cis-acting genomic structure elements, and the structure and function of virally encoded proteins. These advances were made despite a lack of a cell culture system for efficiently propagating the virus. Clearly there are several areas of the virus replication cycle that require elucidation, including the mechanism of cell entry, the precise roles of the nonstructural proteins for replication, and the means by which the virus is assembled and released from the infected cell. Determination of these aspects may prove invaluable in developing therapeutic and prophylactic modalities for HCV infection.
Sensitivity of Turbulence in Transpired Channel to Injection Velocity Small-Scale Nonuniformity

Turbulence in a channel flow with a fully transpired wall has been investigated experimentally. Two-dimensional particle image velocimetry is used to measure the instantaneous flowfields within the channel for two different porous surfaces: a 6.35-mm honeycomb and a 3.175-mm honeycomb. The 6.35-mm honeycomb creates a larger fluctuation of the injection velocity than the 3.175-mm honeycomb by a factor of 1.7. The boundary conditions on the porous surface are very important to the internal core flow evolution and flow pattern. For a coarse porous surface (the 6.35-mm honeycomb with higher perturbation level on the transpiration surface), the mean flow differs significantly from the classical laminar solution and computational results, and much more turbulent shear stress is indicated. However, with small pore size (the 3.175-mm honeycomb, with relatively lower perturbation level on the surface), the mean velocity profiles are very close to the analytical laminar solution for a considerable downstream length, and the turbulent shear stress is much smaller than in the first case. Therefore, profound modification of the flow structure can occur due to the effect of nonideal wall boundary conditions on the porous surface
Improved forward floating selection algorithm for chicken contaminant detection in hyperspectral imagery

Reduction of the potential health risks to consumers caused by food-borne infections is a very important food safety issue of public concern; one of the leading causes of food-borne illnesses is fecal contamination. We consider detecting fecal contaminants on chicken carcasses using hyperspectral imagery. We introduce our new improved floating forward selection (IFFS) algorithm for feature selection of the wavebands to use in hyperspectral data for classification. Our IFFS algorithm is an improvement on the state-of-the-art sequential floating forward selection (SFFS) algorithm. Our initial results indicate that our method gives an excellent detection rate and performs better than other quasi-optimal feature selection algorithms.
Cryogenic Freezeback of Uncontrolled Artesian Wells in Permafrost

AbstractIn permafrost valleys, artesian wells often penetrate highly pressurized aquifers beneath confining subpermafrost. These wells must be quickly brought under control at installation, and heated through their operational life to prevent them from freezing in winter. However, water breakthrough of the permafrost barrier around the casing results in loss of control of the well. Seepage icing impacts to property and infrastructure can be catastrophic, and the costs to regain well control and mitigate damages high. Methods to regain control of artesian wells in permafrost are few and risky. A new method, cryogenic freezeback, was successfully used to mitigate an uncontrolled artesian well in a permafrost valley north of Fairbanks, Alaska. This paper documents the freezeback method, seepage and thermal analyses, and well abandonment and retrofit. Thermal monitoring results are presented to demonstrate the long-term effectiveness of the method.
Vibrations of constrained cylindrical shells

A study is made of the vibration characteristics of a cylindrical shell with arbitrary boundary conditions and with several intermediate constraint positions between the ends. The solution is obtained using a Rayleigh-Ritz procedure in which the axial modal displacements are constructed from simple Fourier series expressions. Geometric boundary conditions that are not identically satisfied are enforced with Lagrange multipliers. Unwanted geometric boundary conditions, forced to be zero due to the nature of the assumed series, are released through the mechanism of Stokes' transformation. For the problem without intermediate constraint, comparison with other investigators yields excellent agreement. For the problem with intermediate constraint, results are presented for a wide variety of constraint positions and types, boundary conditions and circumferential mode numbers.
Marijuana and memory impairment: the effect of retrieval cues on free recall.

In an attempt to ascertain the effect of retrieval cues on recall deficits which occur following intoxication with marijuana. 40 male volunteers were presented with word lists following the smoking of a single one gram marijuana (0.94% Δ9-THC) or placebo cigarette and then were required to recall these words immediately after presentation. Recall occurred under a condition in which cues representative of to-be-remembered words were present or in an uncued condition. Results indicated that recall was depressed following marijuana administration under both cued and uncued conditions with cues being only mildly effective in reversing the recall deficit. There was no increase in the number of internal intrusions under marijuana, but the number of external intrusions was significantly elevated under the cued condition.
An Analytical Framework for Heterogeneous Partial Feedback Design in Heterogeneous Multicell OFDMA Networks

The inherent heterogeneous structure resulting from user densities and large scale channel effects motivates heterogeneous partial feedback design in heterogeneous networks. In such emerging networks, a distributed scheduling policy which enjoys multiuser diversity as well as maintains fairness among users is favored for individual user rate enhancement and guarantees. For a system employing the cumulative distribution function based scheduling, which satisfies the two above mentioned desired features, we develop an analytical framework to investigate heterogeneous partial feedback in a general OFDMA-based heterogeneous multicell employing the best- M partial feedback strategy. Exact sum rate analysis is first carried out and closed form expressions are obtained by a novel decomposition of the probability density function of the selected user's signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. To draw further insight, we perform asymptotic analysis using extreme value theory to examine the effect of partial feedback on the randomness of multiuser diversity, show the asymptotic optimality of best-1 feedback, and derive an asymptotic approximation for the sum rate in order to determine the minimum required partial feedback.
Evaluation of Submonthly Precipitation Forecast Skill from Global Ensemble Prediction Systems

AbstractThe prediction skill of precipitation at submonthly time scales during the boreal summer season is investigated based on hindcasts from three global ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). The results, analyzed for lead times up to 4 weeks, indicate encouraging correlation skill over some regions, particularly over the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The hindcasts from all three models correspond to high prediction skill over the first week compared to the following three weeks. The ECMWF forecast system tends to yield higher prediction skill than the other two systems, in terms of both correlation and mean squared skill score. However, all three systems are found to exhibit large conditional biases in the tropics, highlighted using the mean squared skill score.The sources of submonthly predictability are examined in the ECMWF hindcasts over the Maritime Continent in three typical years of contrasting ENSO phase, with a focus on the combined impact of the intraseason...
Fermi hypernetted-chain calculations of the electron-gas correlations

We have performed reliable variational calculations of the electron-gas correlations over a density range of ${r}_{s}=1\ensuremath{-}100$. The Jastrow trial function is chosen to minimize the ground-state energy in the Fermi hypernetted-chain (FHNC) approximation by solving the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation for the pair-correlation function. The present method does not require any parametrizations or adjustments, and yet the calculated quantities show the expected behavior. In addition to the correlation energies, pair-correlation functions, and liquid structure functions, we have evaluated the one-body momentum distribution in the electron fluid by employing a modern FHNC-type summation procedure for the one-particle density matrix. An estimate of ${r}_{s}\ensuremath{\simeq}120$ is obtained for the crystallization density by relating the disappearance of the quasiparticle pole to the solidification. On the other hand, the possibility of a phase transition to the spin-polarized phase is also considered by comparing the ground-state energies of the two phases. We obtain an estimate of ${r}_{s}\ensuremath{\approx}13$ for the upper bound of the transition density. Comparisons with variational Monte Carlo results show that the FHNC approximation indeed is very reliable in the case of the electron gas.
Carburization of type 316L stainless steel in static sodium

Abstract The transport of carbon from an iron-87 wt.% carbon alloy through static sodium to Type 316L stainless steel was investigated at temperatures of interest to the liquid-metal fast-breeder reactor (LMFBR) program. The rate-controlling step for the experimental geometry employed was the diffusion of carbon in the source.
Discriminability of rewarding sub-cortical brain shock

Abstract Rats with rewarding electrodes in both the septal region and hypothalamus were tested for the ability to solve a successive discrimination task using ESB as the discriminative cue. Intensity and rewardability of the ESB cues were equalized in pre-test trials. All animals learned to discriminate between the two types of shock. Anatomical locus, by itself, seems to be a relevant stimulus dimension involved in the perceptual properties of rewarding ESB.
Clinical aspects of treatment refusal

Abstract A patient's refusal of psychotropic medications is often dealt with as a legal problem requiring a legal solution. Such an approach, however, may severely compromise future therapeutic efforts with that patient. Rather than immediately attempting to override a patient's refusal, the clinician should examine the factors underlying the refusal, with the aim of resolving the issue within the framework of the therapeutic alliance. Relevant factors may include reality-based concerns, idiosyncratic meanings of treatment, primary and secondary gains, transference effects, and familial and cultural factors. The effect of the refusal on other patients and staff who share the same milieu should also be considered.
Stability of thermally-induced martensitic transformations in bi-atomic crystals

Abstract Some of the most interesting, and technologically important solid–solid transformations are the first order diffusionless transformations that occur in certain equiatomic, ordered, bi-atomic crystals. These displacive transformations include thermally-induced, reversible, proper martensitic transformations as seen in shape memory alloys such as NiTi (where group–subgroup relationships exist between the symmetry groups of the crystal phases) and the reconstructive martensitic transformations seen in certain ionic compounds such as CsCl (where no group–subgroup relationship exists between the phases). In contrast to existing continuum mechanics approaches, the present work constructs a continuum energy density function W( F ,θ) (as a function of a uniform deformation gradient and temperature) of a perfect periodic bi-atomic crystal from temperature-dependent atomic pair-potentials. Equilibrium solutions and their stability are examined as a function of temperature for crystals under no external stress. The full problem is solved numerically, and an asymptotic theory is employed to guide the numerical solution near multiple bifurcation points. Using pair-potentials and enforcing constrained kinematics (uniform deformation of a cubic CsCl-type crystal), lower symmetry crystals, such as orthorhombic, monoclinic, and rhombohedral structures are predicted. The first two of these are unstable within the chosen temperature window for our particular case, while the third is stable for higher temperatures. In addition, a hysteretic transformation was discovered in which the CsCl structure is stable at high temperatures and the NaCl structure is stable at low temperatures. These two cubic phases are connected by an unstable rhombohedral path corresponding to the transformation mechanism proposed by Buerger (1951). The CsCl–NaCl transformation suggested by the numerical results is a reconstructive transformation with a group–nonsubgroup relationship between the symmetry groups of the two phases.