cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHROMATOGRAPHY OF CORTICOSTEROIDS FROM TELEOST FISHES.

The anterior or head kidneys, containing the interrenal (adrenocortical) tissue, of three teleost species were incubated in vitro. Corticosteroids present in extracts of these incubated tissues were analyzed by paper and thin-layer chromatography, and spectrophotometric analyses were carried out to characterize further some of the steroids partially purified by these methods. Improvements in the incubation, extraction, and chromatographic methods over those used in earlier experiments are described. The thin-layer technique was found to be superior to that of paper chromatography for the qualitative analysis of steroids obtained from small numbers of fish, but certain disadvantages of the thin-layer method are also discussed. The following steroids were tentatively identified: from Salmo gairdnerii, cortisol, cortisone, and corticosterone; from Tilapia mossambica, cortisol, cortisone, 17α-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone; from Bodianus bilunulatus, cortisol, corticosterone, and 17α-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone. Under the experimental conditions used, cortisol appears to be the major corticosteroid produced in all three species.
A view from the bridge. Reminiscences and recollections on 30-plus years in college health.

(1995). A View from the Bridge: Reminiscences and Recollections on 30-Plus Years in College Health. Journal of American College Health: Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 263-264.
Antigens of Alternaria: I. Isolation and partial characterization of a basic peptide allergen

Abstract A basic peptide allergen has been isolated from Alternaria extracts. Flat-bed gel preparative isoelectric focusing followed by dialysis and lyophilization allowed for concentration of substantial quantities of this heretofore unrecognized allergen. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography (using a 2 × concentrated, IgE serum fraction from Alternaria patient sera and 125 I-anti human IgE), a RAST inhibition assay, and skin testing of Alternaria -sensitive patients were used to demonstrate the allergenicity of this fraction. The allergenicity of this protein was sufficient to give 50% RAST inhibition at a concentration of 100 μg/ml using standard RAST procedures. The immunoelectrophoresis autoradiography also indicated allergenicity. Skin tests indicated that over 90% of patients hypersensitive to Alternaria crude extracts were also hypersensitive to the basic allergen fraction.
Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) Breeding Trends in South Carolina

Abstract From 1975 to 2009, 186 surveys for Rynchops niger (Black Skimmer) nests were conducted in South Carolina. The state was not thoroughly monitored until 1988, and between 1988 and 2009 nesting numbers were stable. The mean nest count from 1988 to 2009 was 889 ± 55 SE, (n = 21 years). Twenty-six different sites supported nesting colonies with Cape Island, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge being used most often (24 years). Publicly owned lands were used more often than privately owned lands, and seabird islands—small ephemeral islands with other species of seabirds nesting on them—supported colonies more often than other habitat types. The number of skimmer nests was much lower than nesting records prior to this study; thus, intensive monitoring during the breeding season should continue to provide managers with information that can assist in increasing fecundity and protect optimal nesting habitat.
Optimal Operation of an M/G/1 Priority Queue with Removable Server

An optimal operating policy is characterized for the infinite-horizon average-cost case of a queuing control problem with the following properties: N priority classes of customers each arriving according to an independent Poisson process, a holding charge of hi, per customer of class i per unit time, and a single server who provides independent identically distributed service times and who may be turned on at arrival epochs or off at departure epochs. The server costs w per unit time to operate and there are fixed charges of S1 and S2 for turning the server on and off, respectively. This paper shows that a stationary optimal policy exists that either l leaves the server on at all times or 2 turns the server off when the system is empty. In the latter case, if the state of the system is represented as a point in N-dimensional Euclidean space, the server is turned on at the first time that the state reaches a boundary and this boundary is a hyperplane of dimension N-1.
Robust near time-optimal control

A robust control algorithm for a realization of nearly time-optimal control of double integrator plants is presented. The technique involves the combination of traditional bang-bang time-optimal control with the methods of sliding-mode control. The result is a nonlinear feedback scheme for maintaining a desired functional relationship among dynamic variables, in this case imitating the idealized dynamics of time-optimal control. The approach is nearly time optimal rather than exactly time optimal, since the bang-bang control components are restricted to values below full actuator saturation, thus reserving some actuator effort for compensation of disturbances and model imperfections. The algorithm blends smoothly into a linear controller near a stable goal location. >
CONDITIONS MODIFYING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TESTOSTERONE, TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE, AND METHYL TESTOSTERONE

As RULE, the potencies of the various physiologically active steroids have been compared on the basis of their actual weights. Either effects obtained by identical milligram amounts are graded, or those milligram or microgram doses which bring about equal effects are considered equi-effective. There is no objection to such methods as long as the substances compared have at least approximately the same molecular weights. The differences in the molecules of testosterone and andro-sterone or estradiol and estrone are so small, that they become insignificant in relation to other factors influencing the results in animal experimentation. Thus in many instances,comparisons based on equal molecular amounts will not differ essentially from those based on equalmilligram amounts. If, however, substances with weights deviating 15 per cent and more are beingcompared, it would seem worthwhile to take such differences into account, particularly when thepart of the molecule causing the increase in weight is known to be ...
ASSESSMENT OF ATOMIZATION MODELS FOR DIESEL ENGINE SIMULATIONS

o obtain quantitative and time-resolved data in the primary breakup region close to the injector nozzle. How ever, most previous studies on model validations have employed optical measurements that are not applicablein this dense spray region. In the present study, atomization models, based on Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleig h-Taylor instabilities, are extensively validated using x-ray and optical measurements for non-evaporating sprays , as well as detailed measurements for evaporating sprays. The data include spray penetration, axial velocity , liquid mass distribution, cone angle, Sauter mean diameter, and vapor penetration. Simulations are performe d using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code “CONVERGE,” which employs an innovative grid generation te chnique, and state-of-the-art spray models. Postprocessing tools are developed to facilitate a detaile d comparison of predictions with x-ray and optical measurements. The effect of rate of injection uncertaintie s on spray evolution is also quantified. Although the model globally reproduced the experimentally observedtrends and the effects of various parameters on atomization and spray characteristics, it underpredictedspray dispersion, especially for non-evaporating sprays, indicating the need for further model development. In addit ion, the model could not capture the experimental trends in terms of the effects of nozzle orifice geometry on sp ray development, implying that effects of cavitation and turbulence generated inside the injector need to be incl uded in the model.
Enumeration of acetylene-reducing bacteria in strip-mined reclamation sites in a temperate grassland

From 36 to 71% of bacteria, depending on the sampling site, that were isolated from the soil or rhizosphere of undisturbed prairie soil or reclamation sites of strip-mined grassland areas in western North Dakota were capable of reducing acetylene. These bacteria generally could be divided into two populations; one capable of acetylene reduction under aerobic conditions and another capable of acetylene reduction under anaerobic conditions. The reclamation site to which no topsoil had been applied, pH 8.5, had a bacterial population which generally was capable of higher levels of acetylene reduction than individual bacteria isolated from other sites.
CONDITIONS FOR CONTINUATION OF THE EFFICIENT CURVE FOR MULTI-OBJECTIVE CONTROL-STRUCTURE OPTIMIZATION

The paper describes the conditions for continuation of the efficient curve for bi-objective control-structure optimization of a ten-bar truss with two collocated sensors and actuators. The curve has been obtained with an active set algorithm using a homotopy method. The curve is discontinuous. A general stability theory has been implemented to determine sufficient conditions for the persistence of minima, and bifurcation theory has been used to characterize the possible points of discontinuity of the path.
Wesleyan University Studies of Motion Sickness: VI. Prediction of Sickness on a Vertical Accelerator by Means of a Motion Sickness History Questionnaire

(1945). Wesleyan University Studies of Motion Sickness: VI. Prediction of Sickness on a Vertical Accelerator by Means of a Motion Sickness History Questionnaire. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 25-30.
Transcutaneous PCO2 and PO2: a multicenter study of accuracy.

A multicentcr study used 756 samples from 251 patients in 12 institutions to compare arterial (PaO2, PaCO2) with transcutaneous (PsO2, PsCO2) oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, measured usually at 44°C. Of these samples, 336 were obtained from 116 neonates, 27 from 25 children with cystic fibrosis, and 140 from 40 patients under general anesthesia. Ninety-one patients were between 4 weeks and 18 years of age, 32 were between 18 and 60 years, and 12 were over 60. The ratio of transcutaneous to arterial P(s/a)CO2 was 1.01 ±0.11 with PaCO2 less than 30 mm Hg, increasing to 1.04 ±0.08 at PaCO2 greater than 40 mm Hg. Mean bias and its standard deviation (PsCO2 — PaCO2) were + 1.3 ± 3.9 mm Hg in the entire group, + 1.8 ± 4.2 mm Hg in neonates (NS). Bias was +0.2 ± 2.7 mm Hg when PaCO2 was less than 30 mm Hg (N = 175, NS), 1.0 ± 3.4 with 30 80, P(s/a)O2 fell to 0.88 ± 0.18 in neonates and 0.74 ± 0.21 in older patients. The errors were significantly greater (p < 0.001) in older patients than in neonates above but not below 80 mm Hg, and within both groups errors were significantly greater above than below 80 mm Hg.
Pairwise interactions between functional groups improve biological control

Abstract Ecologists have long debated whether predators primarily disrupt one another’s prey capture through interspecific interference, or instead complement one another by occupying different feeding niches. Resolution of this debate has been difficult because different experimental designs are typically used to study interference versus complementarity. We adopted a somewhat atypical approach, surveying communities of predatory insects on 73 free-growing Brassica oleracea plants, and then re-constructing each community in field cages to measure its impact on aphid prey. The predator communities naturally varied in species composition, richness, and relative abundance; in our experiment we kept total predator density constant to avoid confounding effects of differing overall abundance. The predator communities’ impacts on aphids differed by >10-fold. Using a generalized linear model, we found that pairings of several predators in the community improved aphid suppression while no pairings disrupted it. Indeed, accounting for the presence of the beneficial pairings provided more power than species richness to explain predators’ impacts on aphids. Altogether, our results suggest generally complementary or neutral, rather than disruptive, multi-predator effects in this community. Our approach may be useful for determining the frequency of complementary species-pairings in many other systems.
Validation of a modified mirrored chamber sensitive to anxiolytics and anxiogenics in mice

Rationale Anxiety is a common disorder in humans that exists in many forms, and animal models of human anxiety are typically employed for the discovery of anxiolytic drugs with human therapeutic potential.
Global Education as a Slogan System

(1980). Global Education as a Slogan System. Curriculum Inquiry: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 303-316.
Risk Transmission in International Banking: An Analysis of 48 Central Banks

This paper reports the result of a survey of central banks aimed at assessing the existence of multiple classes of central banks of sufficiently different character to protect against the potentially devastating effects of risk transmission initiated by major financial shocks in one or more banking systems. Using cluster analysis as the analytical technique, evidence is found to support the existence of multiple classes of central banks that may insulate the international banking system from externally generated shocks.
Multichip modules: next-generation packages

Multichip modules (MCMs), which interconnect multiple bare dice by means of a stack of conductive and dielectric thin films, are discussed. Among their advantages are reduced delays between chips, simplified power distribution, and enhanced dissipation capabilities. Key design demands that should be weighed by IC design engineers planning to use MCMs are examined. They concern transmission delays, power distribution, heat dissipation, and temperature, as well as testing, burn-in, and rework. The various approaches to MCM packages are described. Factory-programmable versus user-programmable options are considered. Techniques for connecting chips to substrates are discussed. >
Cerebellar involvement in the antiepileptic action of diazepam

Abstract In cats locally anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated, cerebellar Purkinje cell (P-cell) discharge rate, EEG, blood pressure, and tracheal CO2 were recorded before and after administration of diazepam (Valium). Prior to drug administration, spontaneous P-cell discharge rates averaged approximately 20 Hz. Following diazepam (1 mg kg i.v.) P-cell discharge increased with maximal rates of 80 Hz occurring 20 min after injection. Higher doses (2 mg kg i.v.) were followed by P-cell discharge rates reaching a maximum of 120 Hz 60 min after injection. Control discharge rates of 20 Hz were reestablished in 75 and 150 min respectively. In cats with a penicillin-induced epileptogenic focus in sensory-motor cortex, diazepam (1–2 mg kg i.v.) depressed epileptiform activity with concomitant augmentation of P-cell discharge. Maximum depression of epileptiform activity was observed 15 min following diazepam (1 mg kg ) and seizure activity returned to control levels 75 min following drug administration. The relation between augmentation of cerebellar P-cell discharge and reduction of epileptiform activity is discussed.
Multipartnered Fertility Among Young Women with a Nonmarital First Birth: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Although early nonmarital fertility has been well studied less attention has been paid to the subsequent fertility of young unwed mothers. In particular the frequency with which these young women have subsequent births with a new partner (multipartnered fertility) and the risk factors associated with doing so are unknown. The proportion of young women who had a first birth and the proportion who subsequently had a child with a new partner were determined among a sample of participants in Waves 1 (1995) and 3 (2001-2002) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Multivariate analyses identified characteristics associated with multipartnered fertility. By Wave 3 when these young women were 19-25 years old 29% had had a first birth and 3% had had births with multiple partners. Among women with a nonmarital first birth 14% subsequently had a birth with another partner and 41%with two or more children had had multiple partners. The prevalence of multipartnered fertility differed sharply by race and ethnicity. Most new-partner births occurred outside of marriage especially among black women. Respondents who had no contact with their partner after informing him of their first pregnancy or who had not wanted to have a child with him had an increased likelihood of multipartnered fertility. The context in which first births occur sets the stage for subsequent childbearing. Programs that help women avoid having births in unfavorable circumstances such as in early and unstable relationships may reduce the prevalence of multipartnered fertility. (authors)
Agent-based simulation of drug disposition in cirrhotic liver

Cirrhosis, a chronic liver disease, alters hepatic drug disposition. Little is known about mechanisms underpinning the disease progression and how they contribute to changes in liver disposition properties. Here we present multilevel, agent-based and agent-directed In Silico Livers (ISLs) to probe plausible answers for a cationic drug, diltiazem, in two different types of cirrhotic rat livers. Starting with ISLs that validated against diltiazem disposition data from normal livers, we systematically transformed ISL characteristics to achieve validation against perfusion outflow profiles from the two types of diseased livers. For detailed analysis, we developed and implemented methods to trace each object representing diltiazem during simulated perfusion experiments. So doing enabled gaining heretofore-unavailable insight into plausible disposition details from diltiazem perspective in normal and diseased livers. From the results, we posit that changes in ISL micromechanistic details may have disease caused counterparts during disposition.
Physical/chemical properties of 2,3,7,8-TCDD

Abstract The efforts to characterize the transport and fate of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) have been delayed because of insufficient information on the physical/chemical properties of the compound. The work presented in this paper involves the efforts to establish a sound data base for the physical/chemical properties of TCDD. The information includes literature values of measured and estimated properties and values of measured and estimated properties prepared by these authors. Specifically the vapor pressure and heat of sublimation were developed experimentally by these authors (Schroy, et.al., 1984) and are intended for use in transport modeling. The vapor pressure curve presented in the attached fiqure shows the expected behaviour for the solid, liquid and subcooled liquid phases. The possibility of supersaturated vapor concentrations that may exist in solution systems would explain the unusually high sublimation pressures reported for TCDD purification protocols (Aniline, 1973) and shown on the vapor pressure figure. The table of physical/chemical properties, including the Antoine Equation constants for the curves shown in the vapor pressure figure, summarize all available data to date.
Radar backscatter/biomass saturation: observations and implications for global biomass assessment

SAR sensors are being evaluated for application to global carbon modeling as a means of acquiring biomass data for vegetated ecosystems. While good correlations have been reported linking SAR backscatter to biomass, biomass saturation limits, or the point where backscatter no longer scales with biomass, have also been noted. This study examines two SAR and biomass data sets of forests with different canopy architectures for commonalties regarding backscatter/biomass saturation. The SAR data were collected using the same instrument and incidence angles. The effect of the saturation limits on the usefulness of SAR for making global biomass inventories was assessed by comparing the biomass limits to a global vegetation biomass map. The areal extent and total global biomass represented by ecosystems that exceed the biomass saturation level for each band are estimated. >
Satisfied Patients Exiting the Emergency Department (SPEED) Study.

Background/objective Patient satisfaction has been associated with patient perceptions of emergency department (ED) wait intervals, but not necessarily actual wait intervals. The objective was to address the associations of actual versus perceived wait intervals in ED patients and the association of overall satisfaction with perceived and actual wait intervals. Methods The authors performed a prospective, cross-sectional study using a volume-stratified sample of adult ED patients presenting to an urban, university teaching hospital. Patient wait intervals were monitored using a computerized tracking system. Patients were confidentially surveyed regarding their overall satisfaction with care and perceptions of wait intervals after a disposition decision was made by the treating physician. The Spearman's rho (two-tailed, alpha = 0.05) was used to evaluate the association between patient satisfaction and perceived wait intervals, estimated wait intervals, and measured wait intervals. Associations between these measures of wait intervals were similarly assessed. Results One hundred twenty-six eligible patients (including 15 admissions) completed the survey. The median wait interval (interquartile range [IQR] was 14 (7 to 22) minutes to a room. Overall satisfaction was more strongly associated with the perception that the wait interval to a room was shorter than expected (r = 0.44; p = 0.00001) than with the estimated wait interval (r = 0.03; p = 0.97) or the measured wait interval (r = -0.06; p = 0.49). Patients had a median wait interval of 13 (3 to 26) minutes in a room until seen by a physician. Overall satisfaction was more strongly associated with the perception of the physician wait interval's being shorter than expected (r = 0.37; p = 0.00001) than with the estimated wait interval (r = -0.09; p = 0.32) or the measured wait interval (r = 0.05; p = 0.58). Similar findings were found for the total time in the ED. For both the wait for a room interval and the wait for a physician interval, the measured wait intervals were more strongly associated with the estimated wait intervals (r = 0.63 and r = 0.34, respectively) than with the perception that the wait intervals were shorter than expected (r = -0.20 and r = -0.17, respectively). Conclusions Efforts to improve ED patient satisfaction should focus on improving patients' perceptions that wait intervals are appropriate rather than simply shortening wait intervals per se.
Making pharmacogenomic-based prescribing alerts more effective

Display Omitted Clinical decision support (CDS) for pharmacogenomics (PGx) holds promise.A novel conceptual framework and measurement model was used to assess pilot PGx-CDS.This study suggests that physicians see a relative advantage to using a pilot PGx-CDS system.We identify potential improvements to enhance communication effectiveness of PGx-CDS.We identify potential improvements to enhance the clinical impact of PGx-CDS. To facilitate personalized drug dosing (PDD), this pilot study explored the communication effectiveness and clinical impact of using a prototype clinical decision support (CDS) system embedded in an electronic health record (EHR) to deliver pharmacogenomic (PGx) information to physicians. We employed a conceptual framework and measurement model to access the impact of physician characteristics (previous experience, awareness, relative advantage, perceived usefulness), technology characteristics (methods of implementation-semi-active/active, actionability-low/high) and a task characteristic (drug prescribed) on communication effectiveness (usefulness, confidence in prescribing decision), and clinical impact (uptake, prescribing intent, change in drug dosing). Physicians performed prescribing tasks using five simulated clinical case scenarios, presented in random order within the prototype PGx-CDS system. Twenty-two physicians completed the study. The proportion of physicians that saw a relative advantage to using PGx-CDS was 83% at the start and 94% at the conclusion of our study. Physicians used semi-active alerts 74-88% of the time. There was no association between previous experience with, awareness of, and belief in a relative advantage of using PGx-CDS and improved uptake. The proportion of physicians reporting confidence in their prescribing decisions decreased significantly after using the prototype PGx-CDS system (p=0.02). Despite decreases in confidence, physicians perceived a relative advantage to using PGx-CDS, viewed semi-active alerts on most occasions, and more frequently changed doses toward doses supported by published evidence. Specifically, sixty-five percent of physicians reduced their dosing, significantly for capecitabine (p=0.002) and mercaptopurine/thioguanine (p=0.03). These findings suggest a need to improve our prototype such that PGx CDS content is more useful and delivered in a way that improves physician's confidence in their prescribing decisions. The greatest increases in communication effectiveness and clinical impact of PGx-CDS are likely to be realized through continued focus on content, content delivery, and tailoring to physician characteristics.
Fatigue of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures—Summary of Existing Information

DATA ARE PRESENTED ON THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURES BASED ON A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE, AS WELL AS RESEARCH, WHICH ILLUSTRATE THE EFFECTS OF A NUMBER OF MIXTURE VARIABLES ON FATIGUE RESPONSE AND INCLUDE AN INDICATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF: MIXTURE STIFFNESS, AIR VOID CONTENT, AGGREGATE GRADATION, AGGREGATE TYPE, ASPHALT CONTENT, AND ASPHALT TYPE. A LITERATURE REVIEW INDICATES THE VARIATION TO BE EXPECTED ON TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. THIS INFORMATION TOGETHER WITH THE FATIGUE DATA PRESENTED PREVIOUSLY ALLOWS THE ENGINEER TO ASSESS THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF THESE MIXTURE VARIABLES ON PREDICTING THE PERFORMANCE OF PAVEMENTS. ASPHALT CONTENT AND TEST TEMPERATURE APPEAR TO BE MORE CRITICAL THAN THE VARIATION ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATE GRADATION, ASPHALT HARDNESS, AND AIR VOID CONTENT. /DOT/
Inferring temporal ordering of events in news

This paper describes a domain-independent, machine-learning based approach to temporally anchoring and ordering events in news. The approach achieves 84.6% accuracy in temporally anchoring events and 75.4% accuracy in partially ordering them.
Soft Innovation as Data-Driven Process Improvement Exploited via Integrated Hospital Information Systems

Soft innovations are regarded as insightful, useful ideas originating from stakeholders within the organization. This study takes a new approach to examining the origins of soft innovations within an open systems environment from an organizational context perspective. Based on a 30-month longitudinal study at a 990 registered-bed large teaching hospital, this paper shows that the complexity of technological change dynamics from radical innovation is a main factor that gives rise to process improvement as soft innovation. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are also discussed.
Self-Assembled Magnetic Dots, Antidots, Dot Chains, and Stripes: Epitaxial Co on Ru(0001)

Lateral magnetic nanostructures have been grown via molecular beam epitaxy in ultrahigh vacuum and characterized ex-situ with atomic force and magnetic force microscopy. We observed that epitaxial growth of Co onto Ru(0001) at elevated temperature results in three-dimensional Co islands (dots) or a flat Co film network with deep holes (antidots) in truncated pyramidal shapes. The lateral size of these dots/antidots, in the order of 100 nm, tends to be uniform at each given coverage. We attribute the growth mode mainly to strain relaxation of Co epitaxy on Ru, which has a 8% lattice mismatch. In addition, we have explored the placement of these dots on a grooved Ru(0001) surface. The dots automatically align into linear chains along the asymmetric grooves to form either dot chains or continuous stripes, which would open new opportunities in creating either ordered magnetic arrays or arbitrary arrangements.
Empowerment through mentorship and leadership.

Abstract Leadership is vital to future growth and change in the dental hygiene profession. Background and Purpose As health care reform emerges, state practice acts expand and new models of dental hygiene practice are created and implemented, dental hygienists will assume leadership positions that may be quite different from the more traditional leadership roles they assume today. These dental hygienist leaders will envision, creatively design and implement oral health care programs to improve the oral health of the public. Mentoring, a vital component of leadership development, is critical for dental hygienists to acquire knowledge, guidance, and growth. Methods This paper provides a literature-supported overview of leadership and mentoring principles applicable to dental hygienists in their personal and professional lives. Opportunities for dental hygienists to assume leadership roles are also described. Conclusions Dental hygienists are poised to become leaders and vital members of the professional team promoting and integrating oral health care as a part of general health. Consequently, the dental hygienist's leadership roles are likely to expand and can be strengthened through mentoring relationships and mentoring teams. Ultimately, this can increase professional growth and career satisfaction for the dental hygienist as well as improve oral health care for the public.
Multidimensionality of Locus of Control for Common Stock Investors

Stock market investors were surveyed by mail for a study of the multidimensionality of Rotter's scale for this group. All common stock investors, 253 respondents, comprised a sample 94% male, ranging in age from 21 yr. to over 65 yr. (M = 50 yr.). The mean of the Rotter scores was 6.79, with a SD of 3.67. Following principal components analysis with a varimax rotation, extracted factors corresponded closely to those found by previous researchers using data from high school and college students.
Temperature Stability Analysis of CMOS-SAW Devices by Embedded Heater Design

The design, finite element (FE) modeling, and electrical characterization of an embedded heater in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) are presented. The heater is used to analyze the temperature stability behavior of CMOS-surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. The heater employs n-well layer of standard CMOS technology to provide high efficiency resistive heating without physically perturbing the SAW architectures and performances. A detailed 3-D model and FE investigation is laid out to characterize the heat, current, temperature, and thermal energy distributions within the substrate and the piezoelectric material of interest ZnO. Electrical characterization based on Wheatstone configuration is presented to analyze the temperature stability of the sputtered ZnO and the CMOS-SAW delay lines. A temperature coefficient of frequency of -48.815/degC for the fabricated SAW devices with operating frequency of 322.5 MHz is obtained. The experimental results show close agreement with the FE simulations. The results demonstrate that the embedded heater design can be used as a robust analytical tool to investigate temperature stability of CMOS-SAW devices and potentially be utilized as an on-chip element for chemical, biological, and temperature sensor applications.
A Comprehensive GC/MS Drug Screening Procedure

A comprehensive, rapid, and sensitive drug screening procedure employing GCIMS is presented. The method involves a series of four urine spot tests and a solid-buffer extraction technique to prepare acid and basic extracts for GC/MS analysis. Urine is analyzed for morphine, cocaine, and amphetamines by EMIT (Syva), with positives confirmed by GC/MS. The solid-buffer extraction technique uses a 5:1 urine-organic solvent ratio for extraction. After evaporation of the solvenL the residue is reconstituted with 50~1 of methanol and 2-3 HI injected into a Finnigan Model 3000D GC/MS. Mass spectra are recorded on a light beam oscillographic recorder, and the spectra are coded manually. Identification of unknown spectra is accomplished by a manual library search. Recovery of drugs spiked to urine was in the range of 78-100%, and sensitivity of the method ranged from 0.2-1.0 ~ug/ml of urine for those drugs studied. The procedure has been used for over 2,000 drug screens at Rhode Island Hospital. Some interesting drug ingestion cases are discussed, and the applicability of GC/MS as a routine drug-screening method available on a 24-hour basis is demonstrated.
The effect of inhomogeneous ground upon HF antennas

A technique is developed for estimating the impact of inhomogeneous ground upon the performance of an HF antenna. In this technique, the antenna currents are calculated for a representative homogeneous ground and the effects of inhomogeneities are found from the solution to an integral equation. An approximate solution procedure is developed and is used to investigate the impact of a variety of ground screens upon antenna performance.
Effect of Tungsten on the Purification of Few-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition Methods

Few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs) were synthesized by the methane chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using binary catalysts Co/Mo and Co/W supported on MgO. It was found that Mo was not only a promoter for FWNT growth but also active in the formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in our CVD process. W was found to be a better promoter since it was much less active in producing MWNT impurities. As a result, the raw FWNT materials prepared from W-containing catalysts were much more easily purified than those from Mo-containing catalysts. Scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize both raw materials and purified samples.
Intraparticle mass transfer in coal pyrolysis

Intraparticle mass transfer in coal pyrolysis is described by ternary diffusion and viscous flow, in conjunction with a simple pore model to predict concentration profiles for gases and tar. At low pressures, product yields depend on particle size only, while at high pressures they depend on pressure and particle size. Limited experimental data from a subbituminous coal confirm these trends. Data from a bituminous coal show different trends, as expected from the drastic changes the pore structure undergoes during pyrolysis.
Defining computer science

This paper explores the use and purpose of a definition of computer science from the perspective of an undergraduate student. In order to gain access to the topic, the nature and purpose of definitions are explored. Historical examples of computer science definitions are given. The paper concludes with an examination of how students define computer science and how we should use these definitions in computer science education.
GnRH Interaction with Anterior Pituitary. II. Cyclic AMP as an Intracellular Mediator in the GnRH Activated Gonadotroph

Suspensions of ovine anterior pituitary cells were prepared by sequential incubation with hyaluronidase-collagenase and trypsin. After an 18 h culture in suspension, cells were used I) as a bioassay system to evaluate the LI-I releasing potency of GnRll and analogs of GnRII and 2) to investigate the role of cAMP as an intracellular second messenger for GnRII-induced release of LII. GnRII stimulated release of LII from ovine anterior pituitary cells was dose-dependent, with an ED50 of 0.35 nM GnRI-l. Release of cAMP was below the limits of detection at all concentrations of GnRII. Therefore. a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (0.5 mM MIX) and dopamine (0.5 MM) were added to the incubation medium to inhibit degradation of cAMP and to reduce secretion of cAMP by lactotrophs. respectively. Under these conditions, both basal and GnRII stimulated release of LII were potentiated. GnRll-induced release of LII and cAMP was dose-dependent and the loglinear portion of the response curves was parallel. lhe minimum effective dose was 0.032 nM GnRII for release of both CAMP and LII. Maximal release of LII was effected by 2 nM GnRII, whereas 125 nM GnRII was required to induce maximal release of cAMP. D-Ala6-GnRIl ethylamide also induced release of LII and cAMP in a dose-dependent manner and the response curves were parallel to those for GnRII. Although the LII releasing potency of D-A1a6-CnRII ethylamide was 10-fold greater than was that of GnRlI, its cAMP releasing potency was more than 100-fold greater. A GnRtl-induced increase in total LII (medium plus cellular) was not demonstrable (luring the 120 mm incubation. GnRI-I specific release of cAMP was noted within 5 mm and was maximal by 180 mm. while GnRII specific release of LII was first apparent at 10 mm and was maximal by 180 mm. Although total LII increased with time of incubation, no GnRII specific changes in total LII were observed at incubation times to 240 mi Dibutyryl-cAMP (1 mM) stimulated release of LII to an extent greater than 200 nM GnRI-I hut had no effect on total LII. The results suggest that cAMP may be an intracellular second messenger for release of LII in the GnRl-I activated gonadotroph.
Long-term potentiation: Persisting problems and recent results

In this paper we discuss recent experimental results pertinent to three unresolved issues regarding the long-term potentiation (LTP) effect: the nature of its enduring substrates, the biochemical mechanisms that produce it, and its potential role in memory. LTP appears to be triggered by a postsynaptic influx of calcium and is associated with alterations in the shape of dendritic spines and probably the formation of new synapses. We discuss the possibility that morphological reorganization also modifies membrane surface chemistry of synaptic elements. Evidence is presented that LTP is not associated with changes in presynaptic calcium currents. Activation of protein kinase C is shown to be insufficient for the induction of LTP, although it may play a modulatory role. The hypothesis that activation of a calcium-sensitive protease (calpain) is pivotal to the establishment of LTP is supported by experiments showing that a calpain inhibitor, leupeptin, blocks LTP. Furthermore, activation of NMDA receptors, an event implicated in LTP induction, is accompanied by calcium-sensitive proteolysis of spectrin, a major dendritic cytoskeletal protein. The finding that stimulation patterns designed to mimic naturally-occurring cell discharge patterns are highly effective for LTP induction greatly strengthens the hypothesis that LTP actually occurs during the encoding of information in cortical systems. Potential contributions of LTP to learning are explored using computer simulations of a simple cortical network.
Protection against indirect overflow attacks on pointers

Buffer overflow has accounted for a large fraction of Internet based attacks since 1988. Many solutions have been proposed to protect against a direct stack smashing attack overwriting a return address. Here, we target indirect buffer overflow attacks that overflow a buffer in memory to repoint a function pointer to the attacker's program. This type of attack could bypass most of the current stack protection mechanisms. Our proposed approach encrypts a function pointer before it is put into the memory and decrypts it before it is taken from the memory. Each function pointer is encrypted with a unique key that is randomized by the loader/linker for each program run. This leads to two desirable properties: (1) orthogonality of key space, (2) zero incremental knowledge gain for the adversary between two attacks on two different program runs. The key space orthogonality does not allow a one key compromise to propagate to other function pointers. The "zero knowledge gain" forces the adversary to compromise all (or most of) the keys in the same run. This is difficult since loader/linker based key randomization leads to a 232 iteration brute force attack on each key for a 32-bit architecture. This scheme was incorporated into GCC-3.0 on RedHat 7.0 Linux distribution. The performance overhead of this scheme is below 4.5% on Apache Web server version 1.3.22 with WebStone 2.5 as benchmark.
Detection of norbolethone, an anabolic steroid never marketed, in athletes' urine

Norbolethone (13-ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-3-one) is a 19-nor anabolic steroid first synthesized in 1966. During the 1960s it was administered to humans in efficacy studies concerned with short stature and underweight conditions. It has never been reported by doping control laboratories. Norbolethone was identified in two urine samples from one athlete by matching the mass spectra and chromatographic retention times with those of a reference standard. The samples also contained at least one likely metabolite. The samples were also unusual because the concentrations of endogenous steroids were exceptionally low. Since norbolethone is not known to be marketed by any pharmaceutical company, a clandestine source of norbolethone may exist. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey of Campylobacter jejuni contamination in modern broiler production and processing systems.

Campylobacter jejuni contamination was surveyed in samples collected from the breeder-multiplier houses, broiler houses, feed mills, hatcheries, and processing plants of two integrated broiler firms. Insects and mice were also trapped at each location. C. jejuni was most frequently found in samples collected from processing plants, followed by samples collected from broiler houses, and breeder-multiplier houses. Samples obtained from feed mills and hatcheries were negative, suggesting that the C. jejuni was not transmitted by either feed or eggs. C. jejuni was also not isolated from insect or mouse samples. However, the external surfaces of insects were sanitized with a chlorine solution, prior to analysis. Thus, these data suggest any contamination of insects with C. jejuni is generally external not internal. Contamination in broilers apparently originated from some unknown source(s) in broiler houses. C. jejuni was isolated from 20% of the cloacal swabs taken as birds entered the plant, 52% of the carca...
Spatial Layout and the Promotion of Innovation in Organizations

Research on the enabling factors of innovation has focused on either the social component of organizations or on the spatial dimensions involved in the innovation process. But few have examined the aggregate consequences of the link from spatial layout to social networks to innovation. This paper reports preliminary data from a larger study that explores the role of spatial layout as it interrelates with social networks to promote innovation among scientists and engineers working in two very different research-intensive organizations, a non-profit life sciences institute dedicated to translational research on cancer and at one of the research labs of a multinational software corporation. The study applies space syntax analysis to map and characterize physical space in conjunction with survey data capturing social contacts among researchers at the two organizations. Social networks play important roles in structuring communication, collaboration, access to knowledge, and knowledge transformation. These processes are both antecedent to and part of the innovation process. Spatial layout structures patterns of circulation, proximity, awareness of others, and encounter in an organization. These interrelationships become fundamental to the development of social networks, especially those networks critical to the innovation process. This paper focuses on the role of spatial layout as it affects innovation volume and impact at the individual level. Our methods of spatial analysis provide the opportunity to examine potential effects of spatial layout at both the local and global levels. This study extends our understanding of the complicated organizational, social, and physical correlates of innovation. Results support our understanding of the effects of spatial layout innovation outcomes. We hope to identify opportunities to guide the social and organizational structure and spatial layout of workspace to create more effective, efficient, and innovative organizational processes.
Profile of Volatile Metabolites in Human Urine

Volatile constituents of 30 urines from 10 adults have been studied by gas chromatography, and two also by mass spectrometry. The sample was prepared by extracting urine with ethyl ether, distilling the extract at low temperature under reduced pressure, and concentrating the distillate to a few microliters. High-efficiency capillary columns, 150 m x 0.5 mm i.d., provide the resolution necessary to indicate the presence of some 300 compounds, 40 of which have been identified by mass spectrometry. These include ketones, alcohols, lactones, terpenes, furans, dimethyl sulfone, pyrrole, and allyl isothiocyanate. Dietary changes have a relatively small effect on the profile of the volatiles, and interindividual patterns are very similar. These facts make analyses of this kind of potential diagnostic use.
Let your data run free? The challenge of data redaction in paleontological collections

Abstract The data associated with museum collections are essential components for many types of analysis. Geodetic information, such as latitude and longitude, in particular, are necessary in the analysis of paleontological data sets when investigating the effect of climate change on biodiversity. However, the release of geodetic information can be problematic when those data are used to deplete paleontological resources. This problem and others (such as overcollecting and impact on sensitive ecosystems) are discussed in all disciplines of natural history. Herein we discuss the problem as it pertains to paleontological collections, with particular reference to collections and digitization objectives in the USA, discuss strategies employed for data redaction, and make the case for allowing almost all locality data to be released in the interest of science and an obligation to the public.
Pattern of Mefloquine Ingestions Reported to Texas Poison Centers.

Background. Mefloquine is an antimalarial drug available in the United States that in 2013 was given a black box warning about the potential for neurologic and psychiatric adverse effects. Objective. This study describes mefloquine ingestions reported to a large statewide poison center system. Methods. The distribution of all mefloquine ingestions reported to Texas poison centers during 2010 to 2014 was determined for dose, year, patient age and gender, exposure site, ingestion reason, management site, medical outcome, clinical effects, and treatments. Results. Of 63 total cases, the mean dose was 672 mg (range = 188-3500 mg). The patient age distribution was 5 years or less (27.0%), 6 to 19 years (12.7%), and 20 years or more (58.7%); 52.4% of the patients were male. Therapeutic errors accounted for 71.4% of the cases and adverse reactions 19.0%. The management site was 52.4% on site, 19.0% already at/en route to a health care facility, and 23.8% referred to a health care facility. The medical outcome wa...
Humoral antibodies in sera of patients with bullous skin diseases.

SummaryEleven sera of patients with bullous skin diseases were studied for antibodies to cell surface antigens by means of mixed-agglutinatioon tests with cell cultures. It was shown that seven sera contained IgG antibodies reacting with epithelial cell cultures but none of them had antibodies combining with fibroblastic cell cultures. The antibodies reacting with cell cultures were different from antibodies to intercellular antigens of epidermis detectable by immunofluorescent staining technique. Besides these antibodies, some sera of patients with bullous skin diseases were shown to contain IgM antibodies with anti-gamma globulin activity resembling the rheumatoid factor.