cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolving Role of Metropolitan Planning Organizations in Transportation Planning for Megaregions

Transportation policy makers and planners are increasingly recognizing that the United States, to remain globally competitive, must address the significant transportation needs of megaregions, the large networks of metropolitan centers and their surrounding areas connected through cultural, environmental, and economic characteristics as well as major infrastructure. In response to transportation challenges that extend beyond the formal boundaries covered by current transportation planning processes, local, regional, and state transportation agencies are developing collaborative processes to plan for megaregions. This process involves flexible adaptation of the roles and responsibilities identified in federal requirements for transportation planning. This paper presents the results of research funded by the Federal Highway Administration on how metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) are working with partners to address transportation issues in seven megaregions. The research used case studies to identi...
Ancients and moderns on fear and fear appeals: A comparative analysis

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the ancients and the moderns on fear appeals. The paper is divided into two sections. The first presents comparative definitions of “fear”; and “fear appeal.”; The second section relates six conclusions derived in Higbee's review to contributions by the ancients.
A Survey of the Hatchability of Broiler and Turkey Eggs in the United States from 1985 Through 2005

A survey was conducted of the hatchability of broiler and turkey eggs set in US commercial hatcheries from 1985 through 2005. In 2005, a total of 11 billion broiler eggs and 343 million turkey eggs were set, compared with 5.6 billion broiler eggs and 258 million turkey eggs set in 1985. These numbers represented increases of 98 and 33% in the respective totals of broiler and turkey eggs set since 1985. Hatchability during this period ranged from 79 to 82% for broiler eggs and 76 to 80% for turkey eggs. Advances in nutrition, genetic selection, and management of broiler and turkey flocks during this time period did not result in an increase in hatchability. The economic loss associated with the lack of improved hatchability in the year 2005 was in excess of $500 million.
Transoral robotic-assisted surgical excision of a retropharyngeal parathyroid adenoma: a case report.

Background Transoral robotic surgery has been used with increasing frequency for oropharyngeal malignancies. We present the first known case of a transoral robotic-assisted parathyroidectomy. Methods/Results A 77-year-old woman with primary hyperparathyroidism was suspected of having a parathyroid adenoma. After several nonlocalizing single photon emission CT/CT sestamibi scans, a neck ultrasound revealed a suspicious low level 6 nodule. Surgical excision of this nodule proved to be a reactive lymph node. She then had a dynamic parathyroid protocol MRI and CT, which revealed a small retropharyngeal adenoma candidate. A transoral robotic-assisted surgical approach was utilized to bluntly dissect the retropharyngeal space just above the arytenoids to excise the nodule. After excision, the intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) normalized and surgical pathology confirmed parathyroid adenoma. Conclusion Transoral robotic-assisted surgery is a novel technique that can be utilized for resection of a parathyroid adenoma in the retropharyngeal space. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E150–E152, 2015
Comparison of biofilms formed by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis on bioprosthetic surfaces.

Little is known about fungal biofilms, which may cause infection and antibiotic resistance. In this study, biofilm formation by different Candida species, particularly Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis, was evaluated by using a clinically relevant model of Candida biofilm on medical devices. Candida biofilms were allowed to form on silicone elastomer and were quantified by tetrazolium (XTT) and dry weight (DW) assays. Formed biofilm was visualized by using fluorescence microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy with Calcofluor White (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.), concanavalin A-Alexafluor 488 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg.), and FUN-1 (Molecular Probes) dyes. Although minimal variations in biofilm production among invasive C. albicans isolates were seen, significant differences between invasive and noninvasive isolates (P 128 microg/ml). Importantly, XTT and FUN-1 activity showed biofilm cells to be metabolically active. In conclusion, our data show that C. albicans produces quantitatively larger and qualitatively more complex biofilms than other species, in particular, C. parapsilosis.
Synthesis and characterization of new sulfone‐derivatized phenylenevinylene‐based conjugated copolymers with evolving energy levels and gaps

A new series of stable, processable, and chain end functionalizable sulfone-derivatized phenylenevinylene-based conjugated polymers (SFPVs) containing different donor type comonomers have been synthesized and characterized. The polymer main chains are consisted of a sulfone-phenylene electron accepting unit coupled with an electron donating unit which is derived from one of the dialdehyde comonomers based on benzene, thiophene, and pyrrole (with or without alkoxy side chains). The optical energy gaps (Eg) of the new polymers (in solvent) are in a range of 1.9–2.3 eV, with the lowest energy gap obtained from the polymer containing pyrrole as the donor unit. By using a combination of strong donor unit (such as pyrrole) and a relatively weak but stable acceptor unit (sulfone-substituted benzene), Eg of the conjugated polymers can be tailored to below 2 eV, while the vinylene bonds on the polymer main chain are still chemically stable to survive strong basic conditions as compared with the S,S-dioxo-thiophene-based PTV polymers developed earlier for potential supra-molecular block copolymer systems. The lowest energy gap P(Pyrrole-SFPV) exhibited 10 times better photoelectric power conversion efficiency than P(TV-SFPV). VC 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 50: 1197– 1204, 2012
Phoria adaptation after sustained symmetrical convergence: influence of saccades

We recorded divergence eye movements after short (4 s) and long (36 s) periods of sustained symmetrical convergence (30°) in nine normal human subjects using the search coil technique. Following the long period of convergence, alignment after the initial 1,250 ms of divergence was more converged than after the short period of convergence, showing short-term “phoria adaptation”. The first 1,000 ms of divergence, however, could be slower, faster or relatively unchanged, depending upon the subject. A change in the timing and/or amplitude of associated saccades (which accelerate ongoing vergence) between the long and short stimuli accounted for much of the difference in the rate of divergence. The differences in saccade pattern during early divergence following the long and short periods of convergence may reflect changes in attentional focus (to near or to far).
Lipopolysaccharide of Legionella as Adjuvant for Intrinsic and Extrinsic Antigens

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Legionella species was found to be a potent adjuvant. When Legionella LPS was injected into animals as an aqueous mixture or oil emulsion with protein antigens, it potentiated humoral antibody titers to these antigens by four- to sixfold. The LPS also acted as an intrinsic adjuvant to induce delayed hypersensitivity to the cross-reacting protein antigens present in cells of Legionella species, providing a potentially useful means for detecting legionellosis by skin test. The adjuvanticity of Legionella LPS was comparable in potency to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra in Freund's complete adjuvant. However, Legionella LPS caused much less tissue inflammation and appeared to function differently in some aspects.
Are large micelles rigid or flexible? A reinterpretation of viscosity data for micellar solutions

Surfactant solutions in which large cylindrical micelles form are characterized by two essential features, namely, they are polydisperse and the average micelle size is proportional to the square root of the micelle concentration. These features of the cylindrical micelles imply that the intrinsic viscosities of these micellar solutions should also depend on the concentration of micelles. This fact has been ignored in all past treatments of micellar viscosity data. Here, viscosity data available in literature were reexamined in terms of concentration-dependent intrinsic viscosity so as to evaluate the rigidity or the flexibility of the large micelles. It is found that the interpretation of viscosity data assuming that the large micelles are rigid rods is in very good agreement with the theoretically anticipated essential features of large micelles. It is concluded that large micelles can be satisfactorily represented by rigid rods rather than by flexible rods or coils.
Pressure fluctuations in a fluidized bed

An on-line statistical study of the pressure fluctuations in fluidized beds was conducted by using pressure transducers, a correlation and probability analyzer and a Fourier transform analyzer. The causes of the fluctuations were explored, and the effects of the gas velocity, bed height, particle size and distributor design on the major frequency and amplitude of the fluctuations were investigated. The results indicate that the motion of bubbles appears to be the major cause of the pressure fluctuations in the upper portion of a fluidized bed. In the lower portion, the combined effects of the formation of large bubbles in the middle portion of the bed, the formation of small bubbles near the distributor, and the jet flow immediately above the distributor appear to be the major causes of pressure fluctuations.
Rapid analysis of inner and outer bark composition of Southern Yellow Pine bark from industrial sources

Differences in bark chemistry between inner and outer bark are well known and may affect the suitability of various bark supplies for a particular application. Accordingly, there is a need for quality control protocols to assess variability and predict product yields. Southern yellow pine bark samples from two industrial sources were separated into inner and outer bark tissues and used to prepare both predetermined and random bark compositions for analysis. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, coupled with multivariate analysis, was successfully used to develop models to predict relative amounts of inner bark. Application of mathematical treatments to the NIR data improved the calibration performance leading to improved predictions for the test samples. Results presented here show promise for the further development of this technique as a means to provide rapid and accurate predictions of the quality of bark obtainable from industrial sources.
Dynamic Lkb1-TORC1 signaling as a possible mechanism for regulating the endoderm-intestine transition.

The intestinal epithelium arises from undifferentiated endoderm via a developmental program known as the endoderm-intestine transition (EIT). Previously we found that the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) regulates intestinal growth and differentiation during the EIT in zebrafish. Here we address a possible role for the tumor-suppressor kinase Lkb1 in regulating TORC1 in this context. We find that TORC1 activity is transiently upregulated during the EIT in both zebrafish and mouse. Concomitantly, Lkb1 becomes transiently localized to the nucleus, suggesting that these two phenomena may be linked. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of lkb1 stimulated intestinal growth via upregulation of TORC1, and also induced precocious intestine-specific gene expression in the zebrafish gut epithelium. Knockdown of tsc2, which acts downstream of lkb1, likewise induced early expression of intestine-specific genes. These data suggest that programmed localization of Lkb1 could represent a novel mechanism for regulating the EIT during intestinal development in vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 239:3000–3012, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Why partial design verification works better than it should

The problem of verifying the correctness of a combinatorial design is known to be NP-complete. Nevertheless, most products reaching the consumer are functionally correct. The author attempts to explain this phenomenon by considering the effort of going through a less-than-perfect design-verification process and then explains why many design errors are relatively easily caught. >
The Effects on Broiler Pigmentation of Incorporating Milo, Dehydrated Alfalfa Meal, and Diphenyl-p-Phenylenediamine (D.P.P.D.) in the Diet

ABSTRACT VARIOUS factors have been found to affect the deposition of pigment in the skin of the growing chicken. Collins et al. (1955) found that breed and strain differences existed in the amounts of pigment deposited in the skin. Hammond and Harshaw (1941), Coulton and Bird (1941) and Fritz and Wharton (1957) have shown that the composition of the diet can influence the amount of yellow pigment deposited in the skin and shanks of the growing chicken. Grain sorghums are grown in large volume in the Southwest and normally are considerably lower in price than corn. Broiler producers and feed manufacturers in this area are naturally interested in the effects on pigmentation of including varying levels of milo and other grain sorghums in broiler diets. High et al. (1952) reported that a ratio of 0.5 milligram of antioxidant to 33 micrograms of carotene per day increased the deposition of vitamin A . . .
Coding Specificity in Cortical Microcircuits: A Multiple-Electrode Analysis of Primate Prefrontal Cortex

Neurons with directional specificities are active in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during tasks that require spatial working memory. Although the coordination of neuronal activity in PFC is thought to be maintained by a network of recurrent connections, direct physiological evidence regarding such networks is sparse. To gain insight into the functional organization of the working memory system in vivo , we recorded simultaneously from multiple neurons spaced 0.2–1 mm apart in monkeys performing an oculomotor delayed response task. We used cross-correlation analysis and characterized the effective connectivity between neurons in relation to their spatial and temporal response properties. The majority of narrow (<5 msec) cross-correlation peaks indicated common input and were most often observed between pairs of neurons within 0.3 mm of each other. Neurons recorded at these distances represented the full range of spatial locations, suggesting that the entire visual hemifield is represented in modules of corresponding dimensions. Nearby neurons could be activated in any epoch of the behavioral task (stimulus presentation, delay, response). The incidence and strength of cross-correlation, however, was highest among cells sharing similar spatial tuning and similar temporal profiles of activation across task epochs. The dependence of correlated discharge on the functional properties of neurons was observed both when we analyzed firing from the task period as well as from baseline fixation. Our results suggest that the coding specificity of individual neurons extends to the local circuits of which they are part.
Acute schistosomiasis in nonimmune travelers: chest CT findings in 10 patients.

OBJECTIVE. We describe the findings of unenhanced chest CT in 10 patients with acute schistosomiasis.CONCLUSION. Despite the absence of pulmonary symptoms in four individuals, all patients had parenchymal abnormalities. Small pulmonary nodules were the most common finding, identified in nine patients. These nodules ranged in size from 2 to 5 mm in five patients, with larger nodules ranging up to 15 mm seen in four patients. In one patient, the only parenchymal abnormality was a single 5-mm focus of ground-glass attenuation. No relationship was seen between either the presence of pulmonary symptoms or the presence of peripheral eosinophilia and the severity of parenchymal disease. No additional significant findings were identified.
Renal, Genitourinary, and Reproductive Systems

The treatment of tumors involving the kidneys, genitourinary and reproductive organs may involve aggressive surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. The risks of late effects secondary to the treatment received may be life-threatening or severely affect quality of life, including fertility. This chapter will review common malignant tumors affecting these organs, treatment modalities used, the possible late effects, recommended surveillance and fertility preservation options.
A new cucurbit[8]uril-based fluorescent receptor for indole derivatives

The dicationic guest 2,7-dimethyldiazaphenanthrenium forms a fluorescent inclusion complex with the cucurbit[8]uril host, which can be used to effectively bind and detect indole derivatives, such as serotonin and tryptophan.
Type II Fiber Activation with Electrical Stimulation: A Preliminary Report

Electrical stimulation to augment or maintain muscle performance has been well documented. The purpose of this preliminary report is to present the results of a single-case study conducted to determine the order of activation of skeletal muscle fibers as a result of electrical stimulation. The subject's quadriceps femoris muscles were electrically stimulated at 80% of maximal isometric torque. Pre-stimulation and immediate post-stimulation muscle biopsy samples were obtained, and a modification of the glucogen-depletion method was used to determine activation of muscle fibers. The pre-stimulation muscle biopsy sample demonstrated uniform periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive staining in all fiber types, whereas the post-stimulation muscle biopsy sample showed glycogen depletion of type II muscle fibers. The most PAS-negative muscle fibers were type IIa skeletal muscle fibers. The results of this single-case study provide evidence that electrical stimulation, as described, selectively activates type II skeletal muscle fibers. The implication of this finding is that, in many chronic diseases, type II fibers are selectively and preferentially affected. Electrical stimulation may be a clinically viable technique to use in patients with type II fiber involvement.
Measurement of bronchial blood flow with radioactive microspheres in awake sheep

Distribution of bronchial blood flow was measured in unanesthetized sheep by the use of two modifications of the microsphere reference sample technique that correct for peripheral shunting of microspheres: 1) A double microsphere method in which simultaneous left and right atrial injections of 15-microns microspheres tagged with different isotopes allowed measurement of both pulmonary blood flow and shunt-corrected bronchial blood flow, and 2) a pulmonary arterial occlusion method in which left atrial injection and transient occlusion of the left pulmonary artery prevented delivery to the lung of microspheres shunted through the peripheral circulation and allowed systemic blood flow to the left lung to be measured. Both methods can be performed in unanesthetized sheep. The pulmonary arterial occlusion method is less costly and requires fewer calculations. The double microsphere method requires less surgical preparation and allows measurement without perturbation of pulmonary hemodynamics. There was no statistically significant difference between bronchial blood flow measured with the two methods. However, total bronchial blood flow measured during pulmonary arterial occlusion (1.52 +/- 0.98% of cardiac output, n = 9) was slightly higher than that measured with the double microsphere method (1.39 +/- 0.88% of cardiac output, n = 9). In another series of experiments in which sequential measurements of bronchial blood flow were made, there was a significant increase of 15% in left lung bronchial blood flow during the first minute of occlusion of the left pulmonary artery. Thus pulmonary arterial occlusion should be performed 5 s after microsphere injection as originally described by Baile et al. (1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Azole resistance in Candida albicans

The molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in Candida albicans include alterations in the target enzyme (lanosterol 14-demethylase) and overexpression of efflux transporters that decrease the intracellular concentration of the drug. Although the rate of azole resistance in systemic isolates of C. albicans remains very low, resistance to fluconazole appears as an important issue in the management of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in patients with AIDS. In order to establish the prevalence of resistance to azole antifungal agents in this setting, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of resistance to azoles in highly resistant C. albicans isolates (fluconazole MIC 64 mg/l) from HIV-infected patients with OPC. Antifungal susceptibility testing of serial C. albicans isolates was performed by NCCLS methodology. Strain identity was investigated by DNA-typing techniques. Overexpression of genes encoding lanosterol 14-demethylase (erg11) and efflux transporters (mdr1 and cdr) implicated in the development of resistance was monitored in matched sets of susceptible and resistant isolates. In addition, erg11 genes were PCR-amplified and their nucleotide sequences determined in order to detect point mutations. A combination of different mechanisms of resistance contributed to the development of resistance to fluconazole. The multifactorial character of the azole resistance in C. albicans makes necessary the development of approaches to overcome the problem. Accordingly, new triazoles have been developed; new classes of antifungals are being investigated; and combinations with inhibitors of efflux transporters are being studied.
AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES (AUVs)

Pelagic Open ocean environment. A marine sediment with that fraction derived from the continents indicating deposition from a dilute suspension distributed throughout deep-sea water. Phyllosilicate Layered or sheet silicate mineral, formed by sharing three of the four oxygens in neighboring silicon tetrahedra. Plankton Aquatic organisms that drift, or swim weakly. Can be either plants (phytoplankton) or animals (zooplankton). Redox Abbreviation for reduction}oxidation, usually expressed as a potential. Seamount Underwater mountain, 1000 m or higher elevation from seaSoor base. Morphology may be peaked or Sat-topped, with the latter called guyot. Suboxic Condition lacking free oxygen, but not extremely reducing. Zeolite Any of the minerals of the zeolite group. Aluminosilicate minerals with an open framework structure that allows for easily reversible hydration, gas adsorption, and either cation or anion exchange.
End-of-life decision making for persons with dementia: Proxies' perception of support.

Healthcare proxies need support in making end-of-life decisions for persons with dementia (PWD). This study explored perceptions of support in decision making among proxies of PWD through semi-structured interviews with 20 proxies. Thematic analysis identified three sources of support: family, doctors, and religiosity/spirituality. Family's engagement in care discussions and support for proxies' decisions were viewed helpful while disagreement or criticism, combined with lack of knowledge about PWD's condition and needs, were not. Doctors were viewed supportive when proxies felt doctors respected their opinions and PWD's wishes. Doctor-PWD rapport influenced proxies' views of medical advice from doctors. Although religiosity/spirituality provided guidance and hope, it also presented conflicts when PWD's wishes differed from proxies' beliefs. Therefore, families of PWD should be provided with assistance in reconciling or mediating family conflicts and further education about the illness trajectory as well ...
The Phoinissai of Phrynichos

In the Introduction to his History Herodotus disassociates himself deliberately from the aecounts of the causes of the conflict between Greeks and barbarians which he has just given and attributes them to the Persians and to the Phoenicians (I, 5, 3).
Failure to demonstrate significant antisperm antibodies in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis

Endometriosis, even in mild cases, decreases monthly fecundity. Immunologic disorders have been suggested as the mechanism. In light of possible increases in serum autoimmune antibodies, increased peritoneal macrophages, and increased sperm phagocytosis associated with this disease, we postulated that peritoneal fluid antisperm antibodies would be increased and might be the cause of increased sperm phagocytosis and its associated infertility. Peritoneal fluid, from 18 patients with endometriosis and 10 infertile controls, was tested with the antisperm antibody immunobead test validated for peritoneal fluid. One of 18 patients with endometriosis and none of 10 controls had antisperm antibodies present. Therefore, increased sperm phagocytosis is unlikely a result of peritoneal antisperm antibodies in endometriosis patients.
Closed-Loop Double Endobutton Technique for Repair of Unstable Distal Clavicle Fractures.

Background:Displaced fractures of the distal clavicle are inherently unstable and lead to nonunion in a high percentage of cases. The optimal surgical management remains controversial.Hypothesis:In...
The Measurement of the Specific Heat of 4He-filled Vycor Glass

We present measurements of the specific heat between 0.7 and 3K of porous Vycor glass filled with 4 He. We have implemented a novel method for measuring the heat capacity. Our improved measurements have a resolution of 0.001% which constitutes a 100-fold increase in signal-to-noise over previous measurements, while at the same time we attain greater temperature resolution.
ASPEK HUKUM DALAM PELESTARIAN SUMBER DAYA GENETIK LAUT: KEBUTUHAN DAN TANTANGAN

Abstrak Pelestarian sumber daya genetik laut (SDG laut) merupakan kegiatan yang meliputi upaya-upaya pemanfaatan dan pelindungan SDG laut sebagai investasi potensial dalam mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Sebagai negara yang dianugerahi kemewahan wilayah laut kepulauan, seharusnya perhatian terhadap SDG laut sudah mengemuka. Sayangnya, Indonesia belum mempunyai kerangka hukum yang komprehensif dalam mengatur pelestarian SDG laut. Tulisan ini bermaksud memberikan gambaran tentang kebutuhan dan tantangan Indonesia dalam mengatur pelestarian SDG laut. Fokus penulisan dibatasi pada aspek hukum dalam manajemen pemanfaatan dan pelindungan SDG laut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif dengan menelaah perjanjian internasional yang telah diratifikasi Indonesia, berkenaan dengan hukum laut dan keanekaragaman hayati, serta beberapa peraturan nasional lain yang terkait. Adapun berbagai teori dan informasi pendukung diperoleh melalui data dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan sekaligus menjadi tantangan dalam membangun kerangka hukum pelestarian SDG laut meliputi: (1) pembuatan kerangka kebijakan integratif tentang penguasaan negara dan hak masyarakat atas pemanfaatan SDG laut; (2) penguatan koordinasi antar instansi yang mengemban fungsi terkait pelestarian SDG laut; dan (3) penguatan dan harmonisasi berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan terkait pelestarian SDG laut. Abstract The scope of preserving marine genetic resources (MGRs) shall involve the act of utilization and protection towards sowing potential benefits to reach sustainable development. Privileged by its archipelagic form, Indonesia should have been in the forefront in valuing the importance of MGRs. Unfortunately, comprehensive regulations on the preservation of MGRs are not yet exist in Indonesia. This article aims to give description on the needs and challenges to regulate preservation of MGRs in Indonesia. This article is focusing on legal aspect in the management of utilization and protection of MGRs. Method conducted for this research is normative approach by analyzing ratified international agreements regarding law of the sea and biodiversity and other relevant national regulations. Meanwhile, supporting theories and information are obtained through secondary data and literature of laws. The research shows that needs as well as challenges in designing legal framework on MGRs requires: (1) creating integrative policy on State’s sovereignty and people’s right over MGRs utilization; (2) strengtening coordination among institutions; and (3) strengthening and harmonizing regulations related to MGRs.
Assessment of the aging level of rejuvenated hot mixed asphalt concrete pavements

The efficacy of asphalt rejuvenator on restoring the properties of oxidatively aged asphalt was tested via a non-collinear ultrasonic subsurface wave mixing technique modified for field use. Longitudinal transducers were mounted on angle wedges to generate subsurface dilatational waves to allow for pavement evaluation when there is only access to one side. Because in the field the asphalt concrete (AC) pavement properties (i.e., ultrasonic velocities and attenuations) are unknown, a pre-determined fixed incident angle (based on the AC mixture type) was used, which allows for practical implementation in the field. Oxidative aged AC specimens were coated with rejuvenator (10% by weight of the binder) and left to dwell for varying amounts of time. Once the dwell time reached the desired amount, the specimen was immediately ultrasonically tested. The frequency ratio, f 2 /f 1 , at which the interaction took place and the normalized nonlinear wave generation parameter, β/β 0 , were recorded and compared against a reference plot. It was observed that the rejuvenator had the effect of restoring the nonlinear properties to those corresponding to a virgin sample after a sufficient amount of dwell time. The ability of the rejuvenator to fully penetrate and act on the binder was observed to be dependent on the porosity and aggregate structure, and thus varied for each specimen. As a result, some portions of the binder were restored to a greater extent than others. This non-uniform nature was captured via the nonlinear ultrasonic technique.
The market impact of high-frequency trading systems and potential regulation

As transaction costs of trades have decreased, there has been a large growth of high-frequency trading in markets around the world. Although there are benefits that high-frequency trading brings to both the market and individual companies, there are negative and controversial aspects as well. This paper addresses high-fequency trading strategies, systems, and controversies, and then analyzes current and potential laws and regulations and their impacts on the marketplace.
Improving Efficiency While Improving Patient Care in a Student-Run Free Clinic

Introduction: Student-run free clinics (SRFCs) have the capacity to decrease health care inequity in underserved populations. These facilities can benefit from improved patient experience and outcomes. We implemented a series of quality improvement interventions with the objectives to decrease patient wait times and to increase the variety of services provided. Methods: A needs assessment was performed. Problems related to time management, communication between staff and providers, clinic resources, and methods for assessing clinic performance were identified as targets to reduce wait times and improve the variety of services provided. Seventeen interventions were designed and implemented over a 2-month period. Results: The interventions resulted in improved efficiency for clinic operations and reduced patient wait times. The number of specialty providers, patient visits for specialty care, lifestyle education visits for disease prevention and treatment, free medications, and free laboratory investigations increased to achieve the goal of improving the availability and the variety of services provided. Conclusions: We demonstrated that it is feasible to implement successful quality improvement interventions in SRFCs to decrease patient wait times and to increase the variety of services provided. We believe that the changes we implemented can serve as a model for other SRFCs to improve their performance.
Tweet for support, blog for peace

ABSTRACTCourses: Intercultural CommunicationObjectives: Students will achieve the following learning outcomes: (1) demonstrate knowledge of intercultural systems by identifying roots of intercultural communication conflict, (2) address intercultural problems by taking action within the context of their own lives, (3) collaborate with peers to problem solve based on voices from Twitter, assigned academic resources and intercultural competence theories in class, and (4) assemble and deliver their plan through a blog and 15-minute presentation.
Hydrogen Transfer Catalysis beyond the Primary Coordination Sphere

In this Perspective, we outline recent examples of homogeneous transition-metal hydrogen transfer catalysts for which functionality within the complex’s outer coordination sphere influences the outcome of a reaction. Secondary-sphere groups are often applied to hydrogen transfer reactions, but their specific role during catalysis is not always well-understood. New experimental and theoretical work details the complexity associated with predicting secondary-sphere interactions and therefore designing improved catalysts. This Perspective highlights examples of catalysts containing secondary-sphere groups that (1) accelerate a key turnover-limiting step such as H2 heterolysis or hydride transfer, (2) limit competing catalytic cycles, (3) prevent catalyst decomposition, and/or (4) provide access to new catalysts through postmetalation modifications. The examples described herein emphasize numerous roles of the secondary sphere in hydrogen transfer catalysis and illustrate how the optimal use of these interact...
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Sex Pheromone–Mediated Behavior in Ixodid Ticks

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the neuroendocrine regulation of sex pheromone and mediated behavior in ixodid ticks. Three organs are used for detection of chemical signals in ticks: (1) Haller's organ on the first leg tarsi, (2) the terminal segment of the palps, and (3) the cheliceral digits. Haller's organ consists of an anterior trough with six or seven setiform sensilla and a posterior capsule with both setiform and pleomorphic sensilla, exposed only by a small pore or narrow slit. The anterior trough in most ixodid species that have been studied has at least four types of setiform sensilla, including a large, broadly based multiporose seta (ap-1) serving as a sensillum basiconica. In addition, a group of setae on a ridge or hump anterior to the trough contain one or more multiporose setae similar to ap-1. This is the sensillum type that serves to detect the sex attractant pheromone, 2,6-DCP. Tick chelicerae also contain receptors that detect sex pheromones—specifically, the genital sex pheromone described by Sonenshine et al. Porose sensilla, including at least one innervated by chemoreceptive dendrites, occur on the inner cheliceral digits.
Causes and Cures of Dirty Windows

Glass surfaces that are exposed to the atmosphere degrade by two processes usually acting in combination with one another: weathering and particulate deposition. Both processes are influenced by the glass surface composition which may be quite different from the bulk composition. There are a variety of options available for cleaning. A self-cleaning surface is most desirable. Optimum cleaning choices as well as “self-cleaning” characteristics are also a function of glass composition.
Discordant breast cancer: Low risk genomic, high risk pathologic.

e18160Background: Studies using the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) have shown low risk pathologic features and RS breast cancers do not benefit from systemic chemotherapy (CTx). However, data is lac...
Infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 infection in a girl from Trinidad: Case report and review of literature.

Infective dermatitis (ID) associated with Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a rare form of severe superinfected eczema seen mostly in the Caribbean islands and Latin America. Although rapid response to antibiotic treatment is observed, patients should be monitored for development of complications associated with this retroviral infection, including T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Infective dermatitis is rarely seen in the United States and therefore may be under-recognized by physicians unfamiliar with this condition. Herein, we present an additional case report of an ID associated with HTLV-1 in an 11-year-old girl from Trinidad.
Before-bedtime passive body heating by warm shower or bath to improve sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Summary Water-based passive body heating (PBHWB) as a warm shower or bath before bedtime is often recommended as a simple means of improving sleep. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Cochran, Medline, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases and extracted pertinent information from publications meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria to explore the effects of PBHWB on sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, sleep efficiency (SE), slow wave sleep, and subjective sleep quality. The search yielded 5322 candidate articles of which 17 satisfied inclusion criteria after removing duplicates, with 13 providing comparable quantitative data for meta-analyses. PBHWB of 40–42.5 °C was associated with both improved self-rated sleep quality and SE, and when scheduled 1–2 h before bedtime for little as 10 min significant shortening of SOL. These findings are consistent with the mechanism of PBHWB effects being the extent of core body temperature decline achieved by increased blood perfusion to the palms and soles that augments the distal-to-proximal skin temperature gradient to enhance body heat dissipation. Nonetheless, additional investigation is required because the findings regarding PBHWB are limited by the relative scarcity of reported research, especially its optimal timing and duration plus exact mechanisms of effects.
Altering duration of the presynchronization period in a long-term progestin-based estrus synchronization protocol for timed artificial insemination of beef heifers

Abstract An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of extending duration of the presynchronization treatment in a long-term progestin-based estrus synchronization protocol. Heifers were assigned to either an 18 d (Day 0–18) or 14 d (Day 4 to Day 18) CIDR® treatment (1.38 g progesterone controlled internal drug release insert; Zoetis, Madison, NJ), with prostaglandin F2α (PG; 250 μg im cloprostenol sodium) administered 16 d after CIDR® removal (Day 34). Heifers at two locations (location one, n = 193; location two, n = 649) were assigned to treatment based on reproductive tract score (RTS; Scale 1–5) and body weight. Heifers that were assigned RTS 1 were not retained for the trial (n = 6). Estrus detection aids (Estrotect®) were applied at PG. Split-time artificial insemination (STAI) was utilized and AI performed based on expression of estrus at 66 h. Expression of estrus was defined as removal of ≥50% of the grey coating from the Estrotect® patch. Heifers that expressed estrus at 66 h were inseminated then and heifers that had not expressed estrus were inseminated at 90 h. Only heifers that failed to express estrus by 90 h received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 μg im gonadorelin acetate) at the time of AI. At location one, blood samples were collected at PG and AI (66 h or 90 h) from all heifers to determine E2 concentration by radioimmunoassay, and transrectal ovarian ultrasound was performed to detail ovarian structures on a subset of heifers (n = 73) at both time points. The proportion of heifers expressing estrus did not differ between treatments, either by 66 h (60%) or in total by 90 h (84%) after PG. Pregnancy rate to STAI did not differ between treatments (P = 0.3; 52%, 14-d CIDR®-PG; 50%, 18-d CIDR®-PG), or at the end of the 60 d breeding season (P = 0.2; 86%, 14-d CIDR®-PG; 82%, 18-d CIDR®-PG). No differences were detected in mean diameter of the dominant follicle at PG (P = 0.6; 10.9 ± 0.4 mm, 14-d CIDR®-PG; 11.0 ± 0.4 mm, 18-d CIDR®-PG) or at STAI (P = 0.3; 12.6 ± 0.4 mm, 14-d CIDR®-PG; 13.2 ± 0.4 mm, 18-d CIDR®-PG), nor were any differences observed between treatments in concentrations of E2 at PG (P = 0.8; 1.1 ± 0.19 pg/ml, 14-d CIDR®-PG; 1.1 ± 0.19 pg/ml, 18-d CIDR®-PG) or STAI (P = 0.6; 3.8 ± 0.19 pg/ml, 14-d CIDR®-PG; 3.6 ± 0.19 pg/ml, 18-d CIDR®-PG). These data indicate that duration of CIDR® treatment can be extended from 14 to 18 d, thus providing flexibility in scheduling without compromising reproductive outcomes.
Toxicity and tolerability of DA-EPOCH-R for aggressive lymphomas in the elderly: A retrospective cohort study.

e20030Background: There remain concerns regarding appropriate patient selection for dose-adjusted EPOCH-R in the treatment of lymphoma, particularly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, where efficacy is...
A survey of mental health status of primipara's spousesof different delivery modes and its countermeasures

Objective To investigate andanalyzemental health status of primipara's spouses ofnatural childbirth and cesarean section, and thus to provide theory basis for improvingobstetrical nursing. Methods Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) was adopted to measuremental health status ofprimipara's spouses ofnatural childbirth and cesarean section in one week after labor.Results SCL-90 average score ofprimipara's spouses of twodelivery modes has no obvious difference with the norm. The scores of body, force, anxious and frightened factor were higher than the norms, but the score ofinterpersonal relationship sensitive and depressed factor were lower than the norms. Theaverage score was no significant difference betweennatural childbirth and cesarean section. The score ofinterpersonal relationship sensitive ,hostile, bigoted, mental diseases nature and other factor ofnatural childbirth hassignificant difference withcesarean section. The score ofinterpersonal relationship sensitive and other factor innatural childbirth was lower than the score incesarean section, but the score of hostile, bigoted and mental diseases nature factor is higher.Conclusion mental health of primipara's spouseswas influenced bypregnancy and delivery. The spouses incesarean section need more supports and helps.medical personnel shouldstrengthen teaching, and guideprimiparas and their spouses to choseappropriate delivery mode. Key words: Delivery mode; Primipara; Spouse; Mental health status
Microscopy and Microanalysis of Plutonium Metal, Alloys and Oxides or the Problem With Pu

Plutonium (Pu), with an atomic number of 94, is the highest atomic number naturally occurring element on Earth. It is formed when naturally occurring Uranium 238 captures a neutron that can be created by spontaneous fission and alphaneutron reactions. The natural abundance of terrestrial Pu is very small; its concentration is about one part in 10 of the uranium present in naturally occurring uranium ores. The first man-made plutonium was produced at the University of California cyclotron and identified on February 23, 1941. Just a few months after the first Pu was produced it became clear how metallurgically complex this material is. Plutonium is known to have six allotropes (crystalline forms) at atmospheric pressure, between room temperature and 640°C, the melting point of the pure metal. This is the largest number of allotropes known for any element.
The evolution of consonant mutation and noun class marking in Wolof

Abstract This paper analyzes the origins and evolution of the Wolof (Atlantic: Senegal) consonant mutation and noun class marking systems. I attribute Wolof mutation to the earlier presence of CV(C)- class prefixes on nouns, the (usually final) consonants of which fused with the following root-initial consonant to yield the modern mutation alternations. I reconstruct these original class prefixes using newly-proposed internal and comparative evidence, drawing on early documentary sources dating from the late 17th century. An understanding of the history of Wolof mutation allows for a better account of the synchronic system, in which mutation is triggered by specific noun classes rather than sporadically marking deverbal derivation. This study contributes to the broader understanding of how consonant mutation systems emerge and evolve, and of phonological considerations in noun class assignment.
Bundled Discounts, Loyalty Discounts and Antitrust Policy

In this paper, we explore the competitive significance of both bundled and loyalty discounts. The paper proceeds as follows. In Section II, we examine the antitrust treatment of both bundled discounts and loyalty discounts in the United States. In Section III, we examine bundled discounts and discuss their competitive significance. In Section IV, we examine loyalty discounts as well as their competitive significance. In Section V, we suggest that the courts evaluate bundled discounts and loyalty discounts under the Rule of Reason. In Section VI, we close with some concluding remarks and policy recommendations.
Test of The Δ S = Δ Q Rule in Leptonic Decays of Neutral K mesons.

We have studied the time distributions of 242 leptonic decays of neutral $K$ mesons produced in the reaction ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{K}}^{0}+n$. For the $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Delta}Q$ parameter $x$ we find $\mathrm{Re}(x)={0.22}_{\ensuremath{-}0.09}^{+0.07}$, $\mathrm{Im}(x)=\ensuremath{-}0.88\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$.
Connecting the Dots: Lewis Structure Builder Web App as a Review Tool for Organic Chemistry

Lewis structures are a very important, foundational concept in chemistry. Students usually acquire this knowledge in General Chemistry and need to review it in preparation for Organic Chemistry. However, many students find the task of drawing Lewis structures to be challenging, and not all instructors can budget enough time in class to review this material when they start Organic Chemistry. To address this issue, we created a web application (web app; Lewis Structure Builder) that lets students review Lewis structures in their own time, allowing them to position individual atoms, build and break bonds, and get real-time feedback on the accuracy of their structures. The web app was designed to be intuitive, requiring very little training to use, and students could use desktops, laptops, or mobile devices to participate. In working through a sequence of target molecules to build, students had the freedom to try out different atomic structures to see what works and receive real-time feedback about their decisions. Upon successful completion of a molecule, students received visual and haptic feedback as a form of positive reinforcement. Afterward, students saw their solution next to the same molecule shown as an extended structure and as built using a model kit. A pilot study was conducted with 37 students who were enrolled in Organic Chemistry I. Participants were given an assessment to determine their level of proficiency in drawing Lewis structures, followed by an opportunity to use the web app and a post-test. After using the web app, 21% of the participants showed improved outcomes, and most students reported satisfaction with the user interface and perceived benefits from the experience.
Modified fully discretized projection method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

The stability and convergence of a second-order fully discretized projection method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is studied. In order to update the pressure field faster, modified fully discretized projection methods are proposed. It results in a nearly second-order method. This method sacrifices a little of accuracy, but it requires much less computations at each time step. It is very appropriate for actual computations. The comparison with other methods for the driven-cavity problem is presented.