cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preserving Nonnegativity in Discontinuous Galerkin Approximations to Scalar Transport via Truncation and Mass Aware Rescaling (TMAR)

AbstractAn accurate nonnegativity preserving limiter is presented for use with discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretizations of scalar advection equations. The nonnegativity of the tracer field is preserved through the application of a mass conservative limiter that truncates negatives within each element and linearly rescales the resulting DG polynomials to preserve element-mean mass. As a preliminary step, the DG fluxes through each side of the element are limited in a manner similar to flux-corrected transport to ensure that the element-mean mass remains nonnegative during each individual stage of the time integration. In this paper, it is proven that such a truncation and mass aware rescaling (TMAR) does not change the order of accuracy of the underlying unlimited DG approximation. Numerical tests with two-dimensional deforming flows confirm that the method remains accurate and efficient while preserving nonnegativity. In comparison to some popular previous approaches, TMAR limiting is particularly well...
Abstract A022: Computational pipeline for a personalized genomic vaccine trial

PGV-001 (Personalized Genomic Vaccine) is a Phase I clinical trial at Mount Sinai testing the safety, feasibility, and immunogenicity of a neoantigen + Poly-ICLC vaccine derived from exome and RNA sequencing [1]. The personalized component of the vaccine consists of ten peptides (25 amino acids in length) predicted to contain highly expressed mutated cytotoxic T-cell epitopes. Selecting peptides for each patient requires a number of standard bioinformatics tasks such as somatic variant calling, sequence-based HLA typing, and class I peptide-MHC binding prediction, as well as new methods to determine the coding sequence for each identified mutation, quantify the RNA support for each variant allele, and scoring each vaccine peptide. We present the overall design of PGV, its implementation as an open source computational pipeline, and several independently useful libraries that implement aspects of mutant epitope prediction. One of the unique characteristics of the PGV pipeline is that the amino acid sequence of a candidate vaccine peptide is determined from RNA reads overlapping a variant [2]. Consequently, variants which lack any evidence in RNA cannot be used in PGV. Determining a coding sequence from RNA allows us to capture atypical splicing around a mutation as well as phase somatic variants with nearby germline variants. Once a mutant coding sequence is established, candidate vaccine peptides are ranked by combining their predicted Class I MHC binding affinity with allele-specific expression [3]. We demonstrate the impact of different ranking criteria on vaccine efficacy using a tumor mouse model. Execution and dependency management of the PGV pipeline is orchestrated using a a novel workflow engine [4, 5] which allows us to run complex tools across many machines with fault tolerance and reproducibility. The pipeline can be run on single machines, local clusters, or on public infrastructure using the Google Cloud Platform. We hope that by making the PGV pipeline and its underlying components available as open source software we can facilitate faster experimentation in the design of personalized cancer vaccines. [1] https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02721043 [2] https://github.com/hammerlab/isovar [3] https://github.com/hammerlab/vaxrank [4] https://github.com/hammerlab/ketrew [5] https://github.com/hammerlab/biokepi Citation Format: Alexander Rubinsteyn, Isaac Hodes, Timothy O9Donnell, Sebastien F. Mondet, John P. Finnigan, Philip Friedlander, Rachel Sabado, Nina Bhardwaj, Jeffrey Hammerbacher. Computational pipeline for a personalized genomic vaccine trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A022.
INTERORGANIZATIONAL UTILITY OF WELFARE STIGMA IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

The appropriation of “welfare stigma” or stereotypes about poor people's overreliance and abuse of public aid in two core criminal justice functions is examined: felony adjudication in a court system and space allocation in a jail. Through a comparative ethnographic study in which an abductive analysis of data (20 months of fieldwork) was used, we show that criminal justice gatekeepers utilize welfare stigma to create stricter eligibility criteria for due process in criminal courts and occupancy in jails. Specifically, the number of court appearances, motions, trials, jail beds, food, showers, and medical services is considered by professionals to be the benefits that individuals seek to access and abuse. Professionals view their role as preventing (rather than granting) access to these resources. The comparative nature of our data reveals that welfare stigma has interorganizational utility by serving two different organizational goals: It streamlines convictions in courts, which pulls defendants through adjudication, and conversely, it expands early release from jails, which pulls inmates out of the custody population. In the context of diminishing social safety nets, our findings have implications for understanding how discretion is exercised in an American criminal justice system increasingly tasked with the distribution of social services to the urban poor.
Airborne Laserscanning in Archaeology: Maturing Methods and Democratizing Applications

Archaeologists have been using airborne laserscanning (ALS) for over a decade in projects ranging from heritage management schemes for post-industrial uplands in the UK or state-managed forests in Germany to research on cities now obscured by tropical jungle canopy in Central Mexico. The basic methods for the analysis and interpretation of this data have matured considerably and data is increasing available. Building on this increasing accessibility and an established basic methodology, archaeologists are addressing a growing variety of ground conditions and research and heritage management objectives through this technology. With this diversification comes the need to adapt the basic methods used to new landscapes and types of archaeological remains, and to integrate the practice of working with ALS with diverse fieldwork and research practices.
Steroid Receptors, Evolution of

In 1973, Dobzhansky audaciously and presciently proclaimed, “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution,” a concept that is at the core of this discussion of steroid receptor evolution. It is likely that Dobzhansky would be pleased to see the prominent role that evolutionary analyses have come to play in biology. Indeed, the early 20th century may be considered the golden age of evolutionary biology due to the explosive increase in the number of genes deposited with GenBank in the past decade as DNA sequencing has become automated. This advancement and the development of computer software to analyze gene sequences have led to a new discipline, “bioinformatics,” which extracts information from genes and their amino acid sequences to elucidate the regulation of biochemical and physiological processes.
Event induced bias in label fusion

In a two class label scenario, classi cation systems may be used to assess whether or not an element of interest belongs to the targetor non-targetclass. The performance of the system is summarized visually as a trade- o¤ between the proportions of elements correctly labeled as targetplotted against the proportion of elements incorrectly labeled as target. These proportions are empirical estimates of the true and false positive rates, and their trade-o¤ plot is known as a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Classi cation performance can be increased, however, if the information provided by multiple systems can be fused together to create a new, combined system. This research focuses on label-fusion as a common method to increase classi cation performance and quantifying the bias that occurs when misspecifying the partitioning of the underlying event set. This partitioning will be de ned in terms of what be called within and across label fusion. When incorrect assumptions are made about the partitioning of the event set, bias will occur and both the ROC curve and its optimal parameters will be incorrectly quanti ed. In this work, we analyze the e¤ects of individual classi cation system performance, correlation, and target environment on the magnitude of this performance bias. This work will then inspire the development of formulas to adjust optimal performance measures to appropriately reect the fused system performance according to event set partitioning. As such, bias may be appropriately adjusted without redesigning the fused system, allowing greater use of currently fused systems across multiple platforms and environments.
Auditory Problems in Children

Compared with other handicapping conditions, the incidence of handicapping hearing impairment in young children is relatively low. Nevertheless, children with auditory deficits are prominent among those for whom “education” in early infancy is deemed essential. Indeed, early identification and intervention strategies for hearing-impaired youngsters are thought to be so critical for adequate development that proposals for innovative approaches with this population were among the first to be encouraged by grants from the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. In fact, services for infants with hearing impairments were considered such a high priority that the United States granting agencies suggested that no minimum age be specified for including hearing-impaired children in intervention programs. On recommendation from professional consultants, it was strongly urged that “age of identification,” rather than chronological age, be considered as the appropriate date for enrollment.
A 16nm 256-bit wide 89.6GByte/s total bandwidth in-package interconnect with 0.3V swing and 0.062pJ/bit power in InFO package

● An in-package interconnect for in-package memory application in InFO package has been demonstrated ■ Technology: TSMC 16FF + InFO ● 89.6GByte/s total bandwidth is achieved with 256-DQ operating in 2.8Gbit/s and 0.3V-swing ■ Low power: IO (0.062pJ/bit); PHY (0.424pJ/bit) ■ Low latency: Write (4.75T+1.5T=6.25T); Read (2+1.875=3.875T) ● 0.3V signal integrity on the un-probed IO has been clarified ■ 420ps (0.84UI) Eye width; 225mV (75%) Eye height ● Prompt and automatic timing-calibration scheme
A model-order reduction method based on wavelets and POD to solve nonlinear transient and steady-state continuation problems

Abstract We introduce a wavelet-based model-order reduction method (MOR) that provides an alternative subspace to Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). We thus compare the wavelet and POD-based approaches for reducing high-dimensional nonlinear transient and steady-state continuation problems. We employ a global regularized Gauss–Newton (GN) algorithm for solving zero-residual problems on a reduced subspace. We rediscover that this latter is just a generalization of the Petrov–Galerkin method (PG) which retains GN’s fast convergence rate. Numerical results included herein indicate that wavelet-based method is competitive with POD, for small rank systems ( ≈ 100) and compression ratios below 25% while POD achieves up to 90%. Full-order-model (FOM) results demonstrate that the proposed PGGN algorithm outperforms the standard PG method.
Current Perspectives on Gene and Cell-Based Therapies for Myocardial Protection, Rescue and Repair

Despite significant therapeutic advances, heart disease remains the prevalent cause of premature death across all age and racial groups, accounting for a significant proportion of all hospital admissions and putting enormous financial strain on health delivery systems. Recent developments in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of myocardial disease have led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and the availability of efficient cardiotropic vectors offers the opportunity for the design of gene therapies for both protection and rescue of the myocardium. Genetic therapies have been devised to treat complex diseases such as myocardial ischemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis and inherited myopathies in various animal models. Some of these experimental therapies have made a successful transition to clinical trial and are now being considered for use in human patients. The recent isolation of regeneration-competent endothelial and cardiomyocyte precursor cells from adult bone marrow provides the opportunity for repair of the damaged heart using autologous cell transplantation. Cell-based therapies may have potential application in neovascularization and regeneration of ischemic and infarcted myocardium, in blood vessel reconstruction and in bioengineering of artificial organs and vascular prostheses. With advances in the field occurring at a rapid pace, we can expect the development of vectors and delivery methods with enhanced safety, efficacy and specificity. The advent of genomic screening technology will allow not only the identification of novel therapeutic targets, but will also facilitate the detection of disease-causing polymorphisms and permit the design of individualized gene and cell-based therapies.
Exercise Treatment of Obesity

The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise globally among industrialized countries. A myriad of environmental, behavioral, physiological and genetic factors contribute to the development of human obesity; however, the common underlying feature leading to these conditions is a positive energy balance. The relative importance of excess energy intake over low energy expenditure to this imbalance is controversial. Inactivity and obesity are closely linked conditions accounting for a large burden of chronic disease and impaired function, indeed the popular press has called inactivity the “new cancer.” While there is substantial individual heterogeneity regarding weight loss responsiveness to an exercise regimen, the predominance of the data show that a combination of exercise, both aerobic and resistance, with caloric restriction is required to lose weight and maintain weight loss. This is especially important if the weight loss is to come from fat and not lean mass. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the role of exercise, with and without caloric restriction, in the prevention and treatment of obesity, preservation of lean mass during weight loss, prevention of weight regain, and optimization of health. This chapter will also address the contributions of the built environment to the onset and possible reversal of obesity at the population level.
The influence of preoperative opioid use on inpatient opioid requirements and discharge prescriptions after primary shoulder arthroplasty

Background Active opioid users experience more pain and require more opioids after primary shoulder arthroplasty than non-opioid users. However, it is unknown whether discharge prescription regimens are tailored to these different postoperative opioid requirements. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected cohort of patients who underwent primary shoulder replacement over a 15-month period. Demographic and operative variables were collected and compared between prior opioid users and non-opioid users. Inpatient opioid requirements, daily discharge prescription regimens, total prescription quantities, and rates of persistent opioid use 6 weeks after surgery were also compared between these cohorts. Results A total of 119 patients were analyzed (mean age, 68 years; 53% men; 39.5% prior opioid users). Prior opioid users required considerably more opioids on the first (60 oral morphine equivalents [OMEs] vs 45 OMEs, P = .01) and last (42 OMEs vs 15 OMEs, P Conclusions Daily and total opioid regimens prescribed after primary shoulder arthroplasty were similar between prior opioid users and nonusers despite large differences in their inpatient opioid requirements. Tailoring discharge opioid prescription regimens to inpatient use appears feasible and warrants further study.
Diversity of Lateral Line Systems: Evolutionary and Functional Considerations

The lateral line system is the only sensory system unique to aquatic vertebrates, being restricted to fish and some aquatic amphibians. It contains at least two, and probably three, different receptor classes: ciliated mechanoreceptors, electroreceptors, and a largely unknown group of receptors called the vesicles of Savi, found only in certain elasmobranch fishes (Garman 1888; Coggi 1891; Norris 1932). While all these organs are innervated by branches of the lateral line nerve and may have common embryological origins (Coggi 1891; Norris 1932; Northcutt 1985), it is quite clear that ciliated mechanoreceptors and electroreceptors respond to different stimuli and that their CNS projections are segregated at least at the level of the brain stem (McCormick 1983; Northcutt 1985). Thus, the concept of a single lateral line system has given way to one of at least two different sensory systems, with emerging evidence of anatomical functional variability within each of these.
Monte Carlo approximation

In the last chapter we saw examples in which a conjugate prior distribution for an unknown parameter θ led to a posterior distribution for which there were simple formulae for posterior means and variances. However, often we will want to summarize other aspects of a posterior distribution.
A closer look at ageism in science.

There is an ongoing concern that it's getting harder for young biomedical scientists to obtain funding (“Improving support for young biomedical scientists,” B. Alberts et al. , Policy Forum, 18 May, p. [716][1]). However, although the frustration young researchers face is unfortunate, there is
Impact of thermal annealing on internal device parameters of GaAs 0.965 Bi 0.035 /GaAs 0.75 P 0.25 quantum well lasers

The impact of post-growth thermal annealing on the internal device parameters such as internal loss ( α i ), internal differential quantum efficiency (η 0 d ) and modal material gain (Γ g 0J ) of a single-quantum well (QW) laser diodes employing GaAs 0.965 Bi 0.035/ GaAs 0.75 P 0.25 active regions and emitting near λ ~980 nm was investigated. Parameter extraction from a conventional cavity length analysis indicates that the internal loss remains unchanged while internal differential quantum efficiencies degrade as the annealing time increases. Also, the variation of the modal material gain with annealing correlates to the corresponding change in the photoluminescence intensity. Comparisons between single- and double-QW devices indicate that the relatively high internal loss originates from the QW active region.
Scientific racism, race war and the global racial imaginary

The premise of this paper is the elucidation of a different ontology of global politics and order of the nineteenth century. International relations theory takes for granted a largely ahistorical s...
The Congenital Heart Technical Skill Study: Rationale and Design.

Background:We report the rationale and design for a peer-evaluation protocol of attending congenital heart surgeon technical skill using direct video observation.Methods:All surgeons contributing d...
Multiscale Electrothermal Simulation of Quantum Cascade Laser Operation

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are high-power coherent light sources in the midinfrared and terahertz parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are systems in which the electronic and lattice systems are far from equilibrium, strongly coupled to one another, and the problem bridges disparate spatial scales. We present our ongoing work on the multiphysics and multiscale simulation of far-from-equilibrium transport of charge and heat in QCLs.
Experimental Evaluation of a Near-Field Magnetic Induction Based Communication System

Radio frequency (RF) communications, although most popular, are unsuitable for environments involving aqueous and animal/plant tissue media, dense environments (e.g., small regions with many radios), applications requiring extremely low power consumption, etc. For such environments, magnetic induction (MI) communications are an emerging technology that appears to be very attractive. Although MI communication has been studied for some RF-challenged environments such as underwater, underground and body area networks, most of the studies so far are simulation based with minimal experimentation. In this paper, we show the feasibility of the proposed MI communications, by developing a small testbed using Freelinc boards. We also compare and contrast the existing theoretical claims regarding MI communications with some detailed experimental outcomes, and show how much they differ.
Retrospective analysis of institutional outcomes with FOLFIRINOX versus nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in metastatic pancreatic cancer.

776Background: With an estimated six percent five-year survival, metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers in the United States. Previously, treatments with FOLFIRINOX ...
Cost-Effectiveness of Maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin for Intermediate and High Risk Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Purpose:While guidelines support the use of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin for patients with intermediate and high risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, in an era of bacillus Calmette-Gueri...
Understanding the Associations between Helicopter Parenting and Emerging Adults’ Adjustment

Emerging adulthood is an important developmental period where youth continue to grow and develop. Parents may affect a smooth transition into adult roles by utilizing parenting practices that are developmentally inappropriate, such as helicopter parenting. Despite the recent attention on helicopter parenting, we know little about why helicopter parenting may be disadvantageous to adjustment and for whom helicopter parenting may be most disadvantageous. In the current study, the associations among helicopter parenting and college students’ relationship competence (friendship and romantic), substance use problems, and depressive symptoms was examined, as were potential mediators of these associations. To examine these associations a sample of 637 college students in the Northeastern United States (Mage = 20.03; 70% female; 63% White) completed surveys. Structural equation models indicated that helicopter parenting was associated with increased depressive symptoms, substance use problems, and decreased relationship competence and that these relationships were similar across males and females and youth of different racial/ethnic backgrounds. Perceived stress and youth’s perception that their basic psychological needs were undermined mediated the relationship between helicopter parenting and depressive symptoms. Undermining of psychological needs was the only significant mediator for the association between helicopter parenting and relationship competence. These findings are critical for informing the understanding of the mechanisms that link parenting during emerging adulthood to maladjustment.
Development of plasma and whole blood taurine reference ranges and identification of dietary features associated with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers: A prospective, observational study.

Introduction A surge in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) consumer complaints identified concerns that legume-rich, grain-free diets were associated with nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Golden retrievers represent the most reported breed affected by this condition and previous studies documented the disease is responsive to dietary change and taurine supplementation. Although dietary findings across cases are compelling, prospective studies with control groups are lacking. The role of diet in developing taurine deficiency and echocardiographic changes consistent with DCM in healthy dogs is unknown. Objectives We hypothesized that golden retrievers eating non-traditional diets are at a higher risk of having taurine deficiency and nutritionally-mediated DCM compared with those eating traditional commercial diets. We aimed to compare taurine concentrations and echocardiographic indices of systolic function between golden retrievers in each diet group and elucidate associations between diet and these variables. Additionally, we aimed to generate breed-specific reference intervals for whole blood and plasma taurine concentrations. Animals 86 golden retrievers. Methods Golden retrievers eating traditional or non-traditional diets were evaluated and diet history, taurine concentrations and echocardiographic data were collected. Dietary features, taurine concentrations and echocardiographic findings were compared between diet groups. Relative risks were calculated for the likelihood of echocardiographic abnormalities and taurine deficiency in each diet group. Breed-specific reference intervals were constructed for taurine concentrations in dogs from the traditional diet group. Results Golden retrievers eating non-traditional diets had significantly lower taurine concentrations and more frequent systolic dysfunction. Breed specific reference intervals are higher than previously reported across breeds. Conclusions Non-traditional diets, which were typically grain-free and contained legumes in this study, were significantly associated with and have increased relative risk for the identification of taurine deficiency and echocardiographic abnormalities consistent with nutritionally-mediated DCM. These findings were identifiable in the absence of clinical signs and support the findings of multiple previous studies and the ongoing FDA investigation.
Arterial Spin-Labeling Perfusion for PHACE Syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arterial stroke is a rare-but-reported complication in patients with posterior fossa brain malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, coarctation of the aorta and cardiac defects, and eye abnormalities (PHACE) syndrome. Currently, stroke risk is inferred by the severity of arterial anomalies identified on MRA, though no evidenced-based data exist. The purpose of our study was to determine whether arterial spin-labeling MR imaging perfusion can detect alterations in CBF in patients with PHACE syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records were reviewed from 3 institutions for all patients with PHACE syndrome who underwent arterial spin-labeling from 2000 to 2019. CBF was qualitatively investigated with arterial spin-labeling to determine whether there was decreased or normal perfusion. Arterial anomalies were characterized on MRA imaging, and parenchymal brain findings were evaluated on conventional MR imaging sequences. RESULTS: Forty-one patients with PHACE syndrome had arterial spin-labeling imaging. There were 30 females and 11 males (age range, 7 days to 15 years). Of the 41 patients, 10 (24%) had decreased CBF signal corresponding to a major arterial territory. Ten of 10 patients had decreased CBF signal in the anterior circulation, 2/10 had decreased anterior and posterior circulation CBF signal, 2/10 had decreased bilateral anterior circulation CBF signal, and 1/10 had globally decreased CBF signal. Forty of 41 (97.5%) patients had at least 1 arteriopathy, and in those with decreased CBF signal, the arteriopathy corresponded to the CBF signal alteration in 10/10 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial spin-labeling can potentially characterize hemodynamic changes in patients with PHACE syndrome.
High-salt intake reduces renal tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines in mice.

High salt (HS) intake is usually considered as an aggravating factor to induce inflammatory renal injury. However, the changes in the renal levels of inflammatory cytokines during HS intake is not yet clearly defined. We hypothesize that HS increases renal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but decreases interleukin-10 (IL-10; anti-inflammatory cytokine) and these responses exacerbate in NO deficient conditions. Both wild-type (WT) and endothelial NO synthase knockout (eNOSKO) mice (~8 weeks old, n = 6 in each group) were given normal-salt (NS; 0.3% NaCl) and HS (4% NaCl) containing diets for 2 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was determined by tail-cuff plethysmography and urine collections were made using metabolic cages. Basal SBP was higher in eNOSKO than WT mice (131 ± 7 vs 117 ± 3 mmHg; p < .05). HS intake for 2 weeks increased SBP in eNOSKO (161 ± 5 mmHg) but not in WT mice. In NS groups, the cytokine levels in renal tissues (measured using ELISA kits and expressed in pg/mg protein) were significantly higher in eNOSKO than WT mice (TNF-α, 624 ± 67 vs. 325 ± 73; IL-6, 619 ± 106 vs. 166 ± 61; IL-10, 6,087 ± 567 vs. 3,929 ± 378). Interestingly, these cytokine levels in HS groups were significantly less both in WT (TNF-α, 114 ± 17; IL-6, 81 ± 14; IL-10, 865 ± 130) and eNOSKO (TNF-α, 115 ± 18; IL-6, 56 ± 7; IL-10, 882 ± 141) mice. These findings indicate that HS induces downregulation of cytokines in the kidney. Such HS-induced reduction in cytokines, particularly TNF-α (a natriuretic agent), would facilitate more salt-retention, and thus, leading to salt-sensitive hypertension in NO deficient conditions.
Rorty and Cosmopolitanism

The subject of cosmopolitanism and Rorty's relation to it has been taken up piecemeal in the preceding chapters. What I would like to do now is discuss the importance of Rortyism's moral imagination and why Rorty's ceaseless reference to the reweaving and redescription of personal identities (as well as cultural ones) is central to any discussion of Rorty's relationship to cosmopolitan thought, although I do not endorse it without qualifications, as will be apparent in due course. In doing so, I will leave behind Rorty's recurring references to the ways that we should change the subject, away from anti-representationalism and anti-foundationalism, and focus more upon the upshot of his commitment to deflationism and ‘the conversation of mankind’. This moves us away from the academic philosophical debates concerning epistemology and its jargon (‘raw feels’, ‘anomalous monism’, ‘triangulation’, ‘the logical space of reason’, etc.), and into a language that is more apt for a discussion of moral and political imagination and human flourishing. Rorty described himself as a radical deflationist, which I understand to mean that he was a radical cultural deflationist. This certainly did not mean that he believed that cultural commitments are irrelevant to identity. Clearly, given his version of ethnocentrism, he believed that there is nothing but culture to consult when trying to forge a plan of life for ourselves as individuals, or a safe, stable and just community for our families, friends, neighbors and fellow citizens of our various countries and, ultimately, of the world.
On the uniformity of the approximation for $r$-associated Stirling numbers of the second Kind

The $r$-associated Stirling numbers of the second kind are a natural extension of Stirling numbers of the second kind. A combinatorial interpretation of $r$-associated Stirling numbers of the second kind is the number of ways to partition $n$ elements into $m$ subsets such that each subset contains at least $r$ elements. Calculating the associated Stirling numbers is typically done with a recurrence relation or a generating function that are computationally expensive or alternatively with a closed-form that is practical for only a limited parameter range. In 1994 Hennecart proposed an approximation for the $r$-associated Stirling numbers that is fast to compute, is amenable to analysis over a wide range of parameters, and is conjectured to be asymptotically tight. There are a few other approximations for the associated Stirling numbers, but none of them are as general as Hennecart's. However, until this work, Hennecart's approximation had been utilized without a proper justification due to the absence of a rigorous proof. This work provides a proof of the uniformity of the Hennecart approximation.
Optimal harvesting for a stochastic competition system with stage structure and distributed delay

A stochastic competition system with harvesting and distributed delay is investigated, which is described by stochastic differential equations with distributed delay. The existence and uniqueness of a global positive solution are proved via Lyapunov functions, and an ergodic method is used to obtain that the system is asymptotically stable in distribution. By using the comparison theorem of stochastic differential equations and limit superior theory, sufficient conditions for persistence in mean and extinction of the stochastic competition system are established. We thereby obtain the optimal harvest strategy and maximum net economic revenue by the optimal harvesting theory of differential equations.
Predicting youth at high risk of aging out of foster care using machine learning methods.

Abstract Background Youth who exit the nation’s foster care system without permanency are at high risk of experiencing difficulties during the transition to adulthood. Objective To present an illustrative test of whether an algorithmic decision aid could be used to identify youth at risk of existing foster care without permanency. Methods For youth placed in foster care between ages 12 and 14, we assessed the risk of exiting care without permanency by age 18 based on their child welfare service involvement history. To develop predictive risk models, 28 years (1991–2018) of child welfare service records from California were used. Performances were evaluated using F1, AUC, and precision and recall scores at k %. Algorithmic racial bias and fairness was also examined. Results The gradient boosting decision tree and random forest showed the best performance (F1 score = .54–.55, precision score = .62, recall score = .49). Among the top 30 % of youth the model identified as high risk, half of all youth who exited care without permanency were accurately identified four to six years prior to their exit, with a 39 % error rate. Although racial disparities between Black and White youth were observed in imbalanced error rates, calibration and predictive parity were satisfied. Conclusions Our study illustrates the manner in which potential applications of predictive analytics, including those designed to achieve universal goals of permanency through more targeted allocations of resources, can be tested. It also assesses the model using metrics of fairness.
Integrated medical and psychiatric self-management smartphone technologies for older adults with serious mental illness

Abstract Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) have a reduced life expectancy of approximately 10–25 years. Early mortality in persons with SMI is frequently related to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (i.e., smoking, poor diet, poor sleep habits, sedentary lifestyle) and psychiatric disorders impact on aging biology. The accelerated aging theory of SMI draws on the interconnected impact of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and telomere shortening in people with SMI. Novel smartphone apps that employ text messaging and asynchronous technologies show promising evidence of their effectiveness in addressing the self-training training needs of older adults with SMI; however, additional pilot studies are needed to confirm effectiveness. Smartphone app design for older adults needs to consider gradual declines in cognition, particularly processing speed, attention, declarative memory (episodic and semantic memory), and executive function as part of the normal aging process—these challenges are exasperated by additional cognitive deficits associated with SMI. By incorporating the preferences of older adults with SMI in self-management smartphone apps development, user-centered design aims to maximize engagement and minimize burden of using smartphones.
Personal Mastery and All-Cause Mortality among Older Americans Living with Diabetes

IntroductionHigher personal mastery is associated with better physical functioning, wellbeing, and longevity among older populations. However, few studies have focused on whether personal mastery is protective against mortality among older adults living with diabetes over time. MethodsA total of 1,779 participants were identified from an off-year survey of the Health and Retirement Study. Proportional Hazard Models were used to evaluate the significance of selected variables in predicting the survival of participants over a 13-year period.ResultsA substantial proportion (46.7%) of the diabetic patients had survived by the end of 2016. Adults with lower mastery scores were more likely to die (Hazard Ratio = .94, p < .001). Gender differences in the association patterns between personal mastery and survival were identified. Personal mastery had an independent health-protective effect on the survival of diabetes patients over the study period. With lower educational attainment, the foreign-born female diabetics scored higher in personal mastery measure when compared to their male counterparts. In the face of more severe diabetes comorbidity, foreign-born female diabetics also outlived their male counterparts over the study period.ConclusionAs a crucial psychological resource and a modifiable factor, personal mastery holds a potential for improving the health status among lower SES groups of older adults. Further investigations into the identified gender difference could be applied to break the cycle of poor health among lower Socio-Economic Status groups of older adults.
The Synergistic Cycle of Teaching and Computing Education Research

As instructors seek to design their courses to improve student experiences or outcomes, they can benefit from the rich literature on education, STEM education, and computing education. In turn, instructors have an opportunity to contribute to that literature by carefully designing and evaluating their courses. In this talk, we will examine a few examples of teaching informing my research or vice versa. These examples include using the educational literature to improve our introductory computing course, addressing our need to compare student learning between course offerings by creating a validated assessment, and leveraging our background working with students to better understand how students experience computing courses. Such efforts offer both the benefit of improving our own teaching experiences and contributing to the broader computing education community.
The Struggle for Free Speech in the United States, 1872-1915: Edward Bliss Foote, Edward Bond Foote, and Anti-Comstock Operations

Chapter One: Introduction Chapter Two: Historical Background Chapter Three: Legal Encounters with Comstock Chapter Four: Free-Speech Organizational Activities Chapter Five: Personal Involvement in Free-Speech Cases Chapter Six: Conclusions Appendix Notes Bibliography Index
Die Schuldnerschutzvorschriften der §§ 407 f. BGB

Gemas § 4071 BGB mus der Glaubiger eine Leistung, die der Schuldner nach der Abtretung an den bisherigen Glaubiger bewirkt, sowie jedes Rechtsgeschaft, das nach der Abtretung zwischen dem Schuldner und dem bisherigen Glaubiger in Ansehung der Forderung vorgenommen wird, gegen sich gelten lassen, es sei denn, das der Schuldner die Abtretung bei der Leistung oder der Vornahme des Rechtsgeschafts kennt. Ebenso mus der neue Glaubiger ein Urteil, das in einem Rechtsstreit zwischen dem Schuldner und dem Zedenten ergangen ist, gegen sich gelten lassen, sofern dem Schuldner zum Zeitpunkt des Eintritts der Rechtshangigkeit die Abtretung nicht bekannt war (§ 407 II BGB). Sofern der ursprungliche Glaubiger die Forderung mehrfach abgetreten hat, gilt die in § 407 BGB getroffene Regelung auch im Verhaltnis zwischen dem Schuldner und dem fruheren Erwerber (§ 408 I BGB).
Interactive Nonstructural Flood-Control Planning

The partical success of any flood control plan depends on the ability of the planner to analyze the available data to formulate a feasible plan, considering systematically the many possible alternative solutions. Computer programs of the Nonstructural Analysis Package, developed in the Hydrologic Engineering Center, obviate the data storage, manipulation, and retrieval problems and provide for rapid evaluation of alternative nonstructural flood-control plans. The package consists of two programs: (1) The preprocessor program that digests hydraulic, hydrologic, economic, and engineering information for each structure of group of structures in a flood plain and prepares a random access data bank; and (2) the interactive analysis program that selectively accesses, displays and manipulates the data. the program package had beem employed successfully in development of a proposed nonstructuraflood-control plan for Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Clinical trials in gene therapy: ethics of informed consent and the future of experimental medicine.

As the field of gene therapy has matured, data from several new clinical trials have been published in high impact journals, such as New England Journal of Medicine. This has meant a correspondingly high interest by the media. Data from new clinical trials in gene therapy, for example, for the treatment of Leber’s congenital amaurosis (LCA) [1-3] and Parkinson’s disease [4], were published for the first time, and clinical trials that were initiated this year for various cancers, such as brain tumors, multiple myeloma, breast, head and neck, prostate and ovarian cancer, among others, are ongoing. The outcome of gene therapy clinical trials in ‘bubble boys’, who were treated for X-linked SCID 1(SCID-Xl) has continued to be monitored for the development of additional cases of leukemia, although no new cases have been reported beyond the five already identified in the French trial and one in the British trial [5,6].
Cloning and expression of a human neutral amino acid transporter with structural similarity to the glutamate transporter gene family

A cDNA was isolated from human brain that encodes an amino acid sequence 34-39% identical to previously published glutamate transporter sequences. Injection of RNA transcribed from this cDNA into Xenopus oocytes resulted in expression of a transport activity with the properties of the neutral amino acid uptake system ASC. Superfusion of alanine, serine, and cysteine evoked sodium-dependent inward currents in voltage-clamped oocytes expressing the transporter. These currents were dose-dependent, stereospecific, and saturable, with Km values ranging from 29 to 88 microM. Northern blot analyses revealed ubiquitous expression of this gene, termed ASCT1, consistent with the general metabolic role ascribed to system ASC.
Sex: The Missing Variable in Human Factors Research:

During the past 35 years, an ever-increasing number of women has been entering the work force and assuming numerous jobs that were traditionally reserved for men. To see if human factors research has been keeping up with the problems and questions this trend inevitably poses, the content of two leading human factors journals (Human Factors and Ergonomics) was analyzed for the time period 1965 through 1976. Nearly half the 859 studies examined included only male subjects; only a quarter included females, either exclusively (6%), or with males (19%); and nearly a third gave no indication of the subjects' sex. Even in studies that included both males and females, only a third did analyses to determine whether there were sex differences. The desirability of considering the sex variable in human factors studies and several of the problems associated with doing so are discussed, and recommendations are offered.
Some characteristics of radioisotope power sources in an ocean environment

The results of this study show that lightweight radioisotope heat sources can be considered for use undersea with little shielding necessary for electronics packages in close proximity to the heat ...
Force-length dependence of arterial lamellar, smooth muscle, and myofilament orientations

Force generation by contractile elements of arterial tissue can be affected by alterations in their alignment with shortening. The orientation and morphometry of smooth muscle (SM) myofilaments, medial lamellae, and elastic laminae were examined as a function of length in intact swine carotid arteries or strips. Intimal-medial tissue strips were fixed during isometric contractions at lengths (L) defined with respect to the optimal length for force generation (Lo). The average orientation of SM cells in two perpendicular planes remained parallel to the long axis of the tissue at all lengths, but the absolute value of angular deviations increased with shortening. Tissue lengthening was associated with decreased folding of the elastic laminae. This decrease in waviness was quantified by a stretch index (SI). Ultrastructural observations indicated that the myofilament absolute angular deviation was greater than that for the cellular alignment. For arteries fixed in situ while constricted, SI was least in the periintimal laminae and increased in the peripheral laminae. The average decrease in force-generating capacity on shortening from Lo to 0.6 Lo attributed to increasing SM and myofilament angular deviations was calculated to be 7%.
Observations on intradermal migration of paget cells

Abstract 1. 1. A case of Paget's disease of the vulva is presented documented by histochemical studies. 2. 2. An observation lending credence to the theory of intradermal migration as the mode of spread of Paget's disease is reported here. 3. 3. Principles regarding surgical management of this entity are discussed in this report.
The Role of Radiation Therapy in Benign Diseases

Although adequate prospective data are lacking, radiation therapy seems to be effective for many benign diseases and remains one of the treatment modalities in the armamentarium of medical professionals. Just as medication has potential adverse effects, and surgery has attendant morbidity, irradiation sometimes can be associated with acute and chronic sequelae. In selecting the mode of treatment, most radiation oncologists consider the particular problem to be addressed and the goal of therapy in the individual patient. It is the careful and judicial use of any therapy that identifies the professional. With an understanding of the current clinical data, treatment techniques, cost, and potential detriment, the goal is to provide long-term control of the disease while minimizing unnecessary treatment and potential risks of side effects. The art lies in balancing benefits against risks.
Reducing Resonant Vibrations of Adjacent Base Isolation Systems Using Connected Control Method

The connected control method (CCM) is a vibration control strategy that uses damping devices between adjacent dynamic systems to impart dissipative forces upon one another for mitigating their fundamental resonant vibrations. CCM was originally conceived for civil applications to mitigate the resonant vibrations of adjacent high-rise buildings from seismic and wind excitations. This paper examines CCM as a potential vibration control strategy for mechanical applications, particularly for the case of adjacent base isolation systems. These systems typically have lightly damped fundamental resonant frequencies to provide effective isolation at the higher frequencies. The conventional approach to reduce the vibrations of these fundamental resonances is to add damping to the isolators, but at the expense of degraded isolation. For cases when the two or more base isolation systems are adjacent to each other, it is possible to apply CCM to mitigate their fundamental resonant vibrations by interconnecting them with damping devices. This paper first reviews the basic theory of CCM for adjacent one degree of freedom (DOF) mass-spring systems connected by a viscous damper, followed by analytical modeling and optimization of adjacent 6-DOF mass-spring systems connected by viscous dampers. In addition, experimental results using simplified base isolation systems connected by Taylor Devices viscous dampers are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of CCM. Results show that CCM can effectively reduce the resonant vibrations of adjacent base isolation systems without degrading the isolation effectiveness as long as their fundamental resonances are sufficiently separated.© 2014 ASME