cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Forged Charter of Henry II for Bival

IN the Scheide collection at Princeton there is a manuscript (Box 9206, No. 6992) which purports to be a confirmation by Henry II of the possessions of the Cistercian nunnery of Bival. The document is written in a twelfth-century hand on a piece of parchment thirty-four centimeters long and twenty-six centimeters wide. It was formerly sealed sur double queue, but no traces of the seal now remain. The place is Drincourt (NeufchAtel); the witness list indicates a date of 11771183, with some reason to prefer the earlier part of this period.' The document is not discussed by Delisle and Berger in their magnificent collection of the charters of Henry JJ.2 If this document were authentic, it would have some importance for Norman history. Bival survived both the troubles of the later Middle Ages and the Wars of Religion, but it left surprisingly little evidence of its existence in the writings of the Ancien Regime. The Neustria Pia knows that it exists but nothing more.3 The Gallia Chri8tiana has only a few stories about its origins, and a very incomplete list of its abbesses.4 Bival was close to NeufchAtel-en-Bray but it left little mark in the local histories written there.5 There is more information about Bival's possessions in this supposed charter of Henry II than in all the printed sources I have mentioned. Unfortunately, it is easy to demonstrate that the charter is a forgery. All that is needed is to apply the tests laid down so clearly by Delisle in his famous Iltroduction to the Recueil des Actes de Henri 11. The charter cannot have been written before 1177, since William FitzRalph witnesses as seneschal of Normandy, an office which he assumed only in that year.6 Yet in the address the words "Dei gratia" are omitted from Henry's title; they are regularly included in all his charters after 1173.7 This in itself is almost conclusive proof that the document is a forgery, although it is barely possible that in a document written soon after the change in title the words "Dei gratia" might have been accidentally omitted. Even more damning is the fact that the charter includes language which Henry's clerks would never have used. For example, there are two clauses of confirmation and protection written in two completely different styles. The first comes before
Effects of catalysts and CO2 gasification on the e.s.r. of carbon black

Abstract An in-situ e.s.r. study has been carried out of the effects of temperature up to 970 K and of C02 gasification on mixtures of various salts with carbon black. Two main classes of salts are studied: 1. (1) potassium salts with various anions; and 2. (2) alkali metal carbonates. Various e.s.r. parameters are measured: line-width, first moment, and two e.s.r.-derived electrical conductivity parameters, ΔIp−1 and ΔID. Ip relates to the e.s.r. cavity sensitivity, and ΔID is the change in the bias current of the crystal diode detector of the microwave bridge. Generally, heating salt-carbon black mixtures in helium results in both a reversible and an irreversible increase in the line-width and the electrical conductivity of the samples, but essentially no change in the first moment. At temperatures 800K, upon switching to CO2 gasification conditions, the line-width and electrical conductivity decrease and the first moment (i.e., free radical concentration) increases. The extent of these changes depended strongly on the nature of the salt: for a given cation the change varies with the anion, and for a given anion it is affected by the cation. The changes in the e.s.r. parameters are discussed in terms of thermally-produced salt-carbon black interactions and how they are modified by the gasification reaction. The reported catalytic gasification activities of the salts appear to correlate well with the changes in the e.s.r. parameters produced by gasification conditions, but not as well with the changes in the e.s.r. parameters produced by a thermal treatment.
Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Detection of Cardiovascular Sources of Peripheral Vascular Embolism

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) on the management of patients with peripheral vascular emboli. We prospectively evaluated the role of TEE in 15 patients with documented peripheral emboli and no evidence of occlusive peripheral vascular disease. The patients were divided in two groups for analysis: group 1 (n=8) had no clinical evidence of heart disease and group 2 (n=7) had clinically significant heart disease. TEE provided information regarding the source of embolism in four (50%) patients in group 1, and these findings significantly affected the management of all. Three patients underwent thoracic surgery to remove the source of embolism (aortic valve mass in one and a thrombus in the descending thoracic aorta in two); the other patient was treated with thrombolytic agents. TEE findings had high diagnostic value in all patients in group 2, but the results had a possible effect on clinical management in only two of these patients. TEE provides diagnostic information in most patients with peripheral vascular emboli and this information has a significant influence on management, particularly in those without clinically evident heart disease. TEE should be performed in all patients with documented peripheral embolism.
Homer: a pattern discovery support system

Traditional research in information retrieval concentrates on retrieving documents. This paper introduces the idea that valuable information exists within a document col- lection as thematic patterns that can be found without looking at individual documents in the collection. This information is valuable in its own right and as an aid to the IR process, and is often not contained in any of the collection’s documents. This paper introduces a pattern discovery support system, Homer, which aids users' search for patterns and some compelling anecdotal evi- dence.
Effect of second-generation antipsychotics on cognition: Current issues and future challenges

Generalized cognitive impairments are stable deficits linked to schizophrenia and key factors associated with functional disability in the disorder. Preclinical data suggest that second-generation antipsychotics could potentially reduce cognitive impairments; however, recent large clinical trials indicate only modest cognitive benefits relative to first-generation antipsychotics. This might reflect a limited drug effect in humans, a differential drug effect due to brain alterations associated with schizophrenia, or limited sensitivity of the neuropsychological tests for evaluating cognitive outcomes. New adjunctive procognitive drugs may be needed to achieve robust cognitive and functional improvement. Drug discovery may benefit from greater utilization of translational neurocognitive biomarkers to bridge preclinical and clinical proof-of-concept studies, to optimize assay sensitivity, enhance cost efficiency, and speed progress in drug development.
Long-Term Results of Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy

Background Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is supported by level 1 evidence as the standard of care for symptomatic and asymptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis. Eversion CEA (ECEA) has been proposed as an acceptable alternative to the standard bifurcation endarterectomy in many patients; however, long-term follow-up of this technique has not been reported. This study was designed to analyze the long-term durability of ECEA in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Methods From June 1989 to March 2002, 534 ECEAs were performed on 485 patients (60% male, 44% symptomatic, reoperative 1.0%). Preoperative characteristics, operative findings, and postoperative duplex data were entered prospectively into database. These data were retrospectively reviewed to determine the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within 30 days of surgery, late survival, and the late incidence of ipsilateral carotid disease. Variables associated with carotid restenosis were subjected to statistical analysis. Results The mean follow-up period was 8.86 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.56-9.16, median 6.6). MACEs occurred in 19 patients (3.8%), including 13 strokes (2.6%) and six deaths (1.2%). MACEs when added to surgical site–related complications yielded a Conclusion The current study represents the longest follow-up to date of patients undergoing ECEA. The findings of this study support ECEA as a safe and durable long-term treatment for extracranial carotid disease presenting with or without acute symptomatology.
Integrating Optical Videodisc and CD/ROM Technology to Teach Art History:

This study determines the feasibility of combining Level III microcomputer-controlled videodisc instruction with large text-based data searching provided by Compact Disc/Read Only Memory (CD/ROM) technology in an individualized instructional program in Art History. In addition, the project is intended to determine the practicality of repurposing generic videodisc and CD/ROM programs through development of programming macros that can be used by teachers to individualize program content. The National Gallery of Art videodisc and the CD/ROM version of the Grolier Academic American Encyclopedia are used as course software, with a two screen MS-DOS hardware configuration.
The Evolution and Function of Adult Attachment: A Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis

Although the evolutionary functions of attachment in infant–caregiver relationships are undisputed, it is unclear what functions—if any—attachment serves in adult romantic relationships. The objective of this research was to examine the evolution and function of adult attachment (i.e., pair bonding) by applying comparative and phylogenetic methods to archival data collected on 2 diverse samples of mammalian species. The authors found that species exhibiting adult attachment were more likely than others to be characterized by paternal care, developmental immaturity or neoteny, small social groups, and small body sizes. The authors also used phylogenetic techniques to reconstruct the evolution of adult attachment and test alternative evolutionary models of the comparative correlates of pair bonding. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the relationship between paternal care and adult attachment may be a functional one (i.e., due to convergent evolution) but that the relationship between neoteny and adult attachment may be due to homology (i.e., shared ancestry). Discussion focuses on the potential of comparative and phylogenetic methods for advancing the science of social and personality psychology.
Transcriptomic Analysis of the Adaptation of Listeria monocytogenes to Growth on Vacuum-Packed Cold Smoked Salmon

The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is able to survive and grow in ready-to-eat foods, in which it is likely to experience a number of environmental stresses due to refrigerated storage and the physicochemical properties of the food. Little is known about the specific molecular mechanisms underlying survival and growth of L. monocytogenes under different complex conditions on/in specific food matrices. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to understand the transcriptional landscape of L. monocytogenes strain H7858 grown on cold smoked salmon (CSS; water phase salt, 4.65%; pH 6.1) relative to that in modified brain heart infusion broth (MBHIB; water phase salt, 4.65%; pH 6.1) at 7°C. Significant differential transcription of 149 genes was observed (false-discovery rate [FDR], <0.05; fold change, ≥2.5), and 88 and 61 genes were up- and downregulated, respectively, in H7858 grown on CSS relative to the genes in H7858 grown in MBHIB. In spite of these differences in transcriptomes under these two conditions, growth parameters for L. monocytogenes were not significantly different between CSS and MBHIB, indicating that the transcriptomic differences reflect how L. monocytogenes is able to facilitate growth under these different conditions. Differential expression analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated that genes encoding proteins involved in cobalamin biosynthesis as well as ethanolamine and 1,2-propanediol utilization have significantly higher transcript levels in H7858 grown on CSS than in that grown in MBHIB. Our data identify specific transcriptional profiles of L. monocytogenes growing on vacuum-packaged CSS, which may provide targets for the development of novel and improved strategies to control L. monocytogenes growth on this ready-to-eat food.
The effect of elevated fetal hemoglobin on hemoglobin A1c results: five common hemoglobin A1c methods compared with the IFCC reference method

Hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) is an important indicator of risk for complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels have been reported to interfere with results of some HbA 1c methods, but it has generally been assumed that HbA 1c results from boronate-affinity methods are not affected by elevated HbF levels. None of the previous studies used the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) reference method as the comparative HbA 1c method. We, therefore, measured HbA 1c in samples with normal and elevated HbF levels by several common assay methods and compared the results with those of the IFCC reference method. HbF levels of more than 20% artificially lowered HbA 1c results from the Primus CLC 330/385 (Primus Diagnostics, Kansas City, MO), Siemens DCA2000 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY), and Tosoh 2.2+ (Tosoh Bioscience, South San Francisco, CA), but not the Bio-Rad Variant II (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) and Tosoh G7. Physicians and laboratory professionals need to be aware of potential interference from elevated HbF levels that could affect HbA 1c results, including those from boronate-affinity methods.
The Impact of Mindful Awareness Practices on College Student Health, Well-Being, and Capacity for Learning: A Pilot Study

This preliminary study examined the feasibility and potential utility of mindful awareness practices (MAPs) in terms of enhancing student learning in the college classroom, as well as improving psychological well-being. One of two identical undergraduate psychology sections included a 10-minute MAP at the beginning of every class (mindfulness group n = 37; control group n = 23). Primary learning and secondary self-report outcomes were obtained. Controlling for significant demographic covariates, students in the mindfulness group demonstrated significant increases in mindful awareness traits and reductions in rumination and state anxiety compared with controls. While mindfulness intervention did not lead to significant improvement in academic performance across the semester, 81% of students self-reported positive effects of MAPs on their learning. It is concluded that it is feasible to incorporate MAPs into a regular college classroom. MAPs may help improve student psychological well-being. Although studen...
Studies on the purification and properties of teleost prolactin.

Abstract A protein fraction containing prolactin activity from the pituitary tissue of a teleost fish, Tilapia mossambica , has been purified by a combination of ion-exchange and exclusion chromatographic procedures. The purified Tilapia prolactin was characterized by disc gel electrophoresis, amino-terminal group identification, and amino acid analysis. Its amino acid composition was found to be similar to ovine prolactin. The purified fish prolactin was found to be 40–50 times more potent than ovine prolactin in the Tilapia sodium-retaining bioassay. However, it was found to be devoid of Gillichthys yellow pigment-dispersing activity which was previously thought to be a property of teleost prolactin.
Understanding the Stranger

This column presents teaching-learning processes involved in gaining an understanding of the stranger or the other--the one we see as so different from ourselves. A paradox concerning the stranger or the other exists in this 21st century. Never has the world been more dangerous, with terrorism continuing to spark suspicions of those that are different from us. And, never, at the same time, has the world been more in need of finding ways to embrace those that are different and those that are viewed as the stranger to the larger society. The concept of hospitality and the concept of true presence are explored, in light of human differences, as possibilities for engaging the stranger.
Responding to the Challenge of Early Intervention for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to significant neurodevelopmental disabilities, now recognized as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). This includes both fetal alcohol syndrome, a lifelong birth defect, and a wider range of enduring learning and behavior deficits often called alcoholrelated neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND). Diagnostic classification systems have been developed to identify children with FASD, and early interventionists from multiple disciplines can be central in identification and referral for diagnosis, and in providing the known protective influence of intervention early in life. With the recent federal mandates to better address needs of children born prenatally affected by substances, or those impacted by abuse and/or neglect, by referring them for screening and possible early intervention services, there is heightened need for providers to understand FASD. There is a growing body of research data describing the teratogenic effects of alcohol on central nervous system function and physical development, the diversity of children with prenatal alcohol exposure and their families, and the developmental and behavioral characteristics of this clinical population. This article reviews the latest research evidence, bearing in mind what is important to early intervention. This article also gives practical guidance on FASD prevention, methods for early screening, and referral of young children for diagnosis of FASD (and referral for needed services once diagnosed), and how to provide education, support, advocacy assistance, and anticipatory guidance for families raising children with FASD. Key words: early diagnosis and intervention, fetal alcohol syndrome, alcohol-induced disorders (nervous systems), maternal exposure, teratogen
Scherrer grain-size analysis adapted to grazing-incidence scattering with area detectors.

A poor divergence value in the paper by Smilgies [J. Appl. Cryst. (2009), 42, 1030–1034] is corrected.
Simultaneous Determination of Berberine and Evodiamine in Dog Plasma by LC-ESI-MS Method and Its Application to Pharmacokinetics

A simple, specific, and sensitive method is developed for quantitation of berberine and evodiamine in dog plasma using HPLC―MS―MS. The plasma samples were prepared by a single-step protein precipitation with methanol―acetonitrile (2:1,v/v). This method was validated on a Shim-pack ODS (4.6 μm, 150 mm x 2.0 mm i.d., Shimadzu) column with isocratic mobile consisting of water (containing 0.1 % formic acid)―methanol (15:85,v/v), at a flow rate of 0.45 mL/min. The ion transitions recorded in selective reaction monitoring mode were m/z 336→320 for berberine, m/z 304→134 for evodiamine, and m/z 172→128 for metronidazole (IS), respectively. The RSD of the assay intra- and inter-day precision was less than 12.4% and the accuracy exceeded 89%. A linear dynamic range of 0.2―20 ng/mL was established with limit of quantitation of 0.2 ng/mL. Stability studies were carried out at different storage conditions proving analytes to be stable. The assay was successfully applied to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles after an oral administration of rhizoma coptidis―evodia rutaecarpa herb couple.
A LAGRANGIAN FOR TOPOLOGICAL GRAVITY AND ITS BRST QUANTIZATION

A gauge invariant lagrangian for topological gravity is presented. The BRST action associated to this lagrangian has features similar to the one proposed by Witten. It is found that topological gravity can be consistently BRST-quantized without coupling gravity to matter fields, while preserving conformal invariance.
Tactical and Contextual Determinants of U.S. Senators' Approval Ratings

This paper focuses on U.S. senators and their home-state approval ratings from 1981 to 1997. We examine these ratings to assess the relative impacts of tactical factors, such as the senators' bill sponsorship and media activity, and contextual influences, such as economic performance, state population size, and the evaluations and behavior of other elected officials. We find that the senators' own tactical behavior affects the approval ratings, but a stronger influence is the context in which the senators operate.
A timing dependent power estimation framework considering coupling

In this paper, we propose a timing dependent dynamic power estimation framework that considers the impact of coupling and glitches. We show that relative switching activities and times of coupled nets significantly affect dynamic power consumption, and neither should be ignored during power estimation. To capture the timing dependence, an approach to efficient representation and propagation of switching-window distributions through a circuit, considering coupling induced delay variations, is developed. Based on the propagated switching-window distributions, power consumption in charging or discharging coupling capacitances is calculated, and accounted for in the total power. Experimental results for the ISCAS'85 benchmarks demonstrate that ignoring the impact of timing dependent coupling on power can cause up to 59% error in coupling power estimation (up to 25% error in total power estimation).
Age associated issues: geriatrics

The effects of aging on the body are numerous, but the most important point with regard to surgery is to differentiate the effects of aging from those of the pathology associated with a disease process that may also be present in the elderly patient. Studies tend to validate the premise that there are no labs mandated solely because of a patient's age. Rather, the physician should analyze the geriatric patient with reference to the nature of the surgery emergent versus elective; the degree of risk for the surgical procedure itself-that is high-risk, intermediate--risk, or low-risk surgery; while bearing in mind the patient's overall physiologic state. In assessing a patient's overall physiologic state an organ systems based approach focusing on the cardiac, respiratory, renal, hepatic, endocrine, nutritional, and neurologic systems may be warranted and beneficial. In the elderly population one of the key predictors of perioperative complications seems to be the geriatric patient's preoperative condition and preoperative level of functioning.
Steam Oxidation Kinetics and Oxygen Diffusion in UOz at High Temperatures

Results of steam oxidation measurements of UO2 cylinders from 885° to 1835°C may be expressed by the equations: for the parabolic rate of oxidation and for the chemical oxygen diffusion coefficient. Kp and Dc, obtained from thermobalance measurements to 1500° C and from pre- and post-test weights for the higher temperatures, were independent of sample weight from 10 to 149 g and of surfaceto-volume ratios from 2.34 to 18.74 cm-1. Dc varied as the 0.65 power of the final average excess oxygen (x in UO2+x). The oxidation was accompanied by considerable grain growth. A bulk diffusion mechanism was verified by analyses of partially oxidized samples using both X-ray diffraction and analytical chemistry; an oxygen gradient was demonstrated by each technique.
The combinatorial graph theory of structured formations

Graphical methods for the design and analysis of distributed control laws for multiagent robot formations have been proposed by many researchers. This paper extends recent results on the rigidity theory of directed graphs that have been developed to characterize feedback patterns used in a class of formation control problems. While the theory arises from an attempt to understand rigid formation motions, it is argued that the main ideas can be applied to a wider class of problems in which it is desired to make maximally parsimonious use of sensor information in controlling the relative positions of each robot throughout the motion. The paper is based on the recently established characterization of a family of digraphs which describe parsimonious relative distance sensing patterns that are used in controlling rigid robot formations of arbitrary geometry. We discuss the complexity of the corresponding distributed control algorithms in terms of an enumeration of the formation digraphs. The enumeration problem is discussed in detail, and explicit results are given for low-order formations. An algorithmic procedure for carrying out the enumeration is given, but a general closed-form solution remains to be found.
Micromechanical measurement of active sites on silicon nitride using surface free energy variation

We have investigated chemical reactions between adsorbed water and active sites on a silicon nitride surface as a function of temperature and relative humidity using microcantilevers. Effects that might produce a change in the response of the microcantilever, such as a mass adsorption, surface tension of the adsorbed water, and changes in thermal conductivity, were systematically investigated. It is shown that the judicious choice of experimental conditions could make these effects essentially inconsequential in comparison with the instrument response produced by the change in free surface energy of the microcantilever due to the chemical reactions. Using this method, the variation in free surface energy when changing from dry to high humidity conditions was found and the number of active sites that reacted was estimated. This method may be extended to other problems for use in determining surface free energy change and thus the density of reactant sites under different conditions of interest.
Controlling Images of Space: Latina Teachers and Racial Positioning in Multiracial Schools

Controlling images, which are hegemonic racial ideologies that permeate social institutions, have been applied to racial/ethnic minority groups and individuals, but much less to space. In this arti...
Cytokines in Metabolic Bone Disease

There is mounting evidence to suggest that cytokines influence bone remodeling and may play important roles in the regulation of bone turnover in health and disease. The discussion to follow will review (a) the cellular basis of bone remodeling, (b) evidence that cytokines modify remodeling, (c) evidence that macrophages elaborate bone cell growth stimulating factors, and (d) the possible significance of cytokines in bone disease.
Looking South - Australia's Antarctic Agenda [Book Review]

Review(s) of: Looking South - Australia's Antarctic Agenda, Edited by Lorne K. Kriwoken, Julia Jabour and Alan D Hemmings, Annandale, New South Wales: The Federation Press, November 2007, 227 pp. ISBN: 978 186287 6576.
Quantum mechanical pointing stability of stimulated Raman scattering

The far field direction of propagation of light pulses generated by transient, single pass stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is observed to fluctuate front pulse to pulse due to quantum mechanical uncertainties in the occupation numbers of different coherent spatial modes. When SRS is generated on the Q(l) vibrational transition in hydrogen with an interaction region Fresnel number near unity, the lowest-order coherent spatial mode dominates the generation process, leading to near-diffraction-limited Stokes light.
Cellulitis of the Knee in a 16-Month-Old Boy: A Case Report.

Objective The purpose of this case report is to describe the presentation of cellulitis in a 16-month-old boy to a chiropractic clinic.
Study on Determination of Microcystin-LR Levels in Fish and Duck Samples

[Objective] To establish the determination method of Microcystin-LR(MC-LR) levels in meat and liver samples of fish and duck.[Methods]Meat and liver samples of fish and duck were collected, triturated by tissue triturator, extracted with methanol, centrifuged, enriched by Sep-pakC18 (ODS), purified, gradient elution separated with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) methanol, and then detected for microcystin-LR levels by ELISA. [Results]The minimum detectable concentration was 0.1ng/g, relative standard deviation is 5.34%, recovery rate is 90%~92%.[Conclusion]This method performs well on pretreatment of sample separation , without interference in detection, and its effect is satisfactory through practical application .
The incidence of Escherichia coli on beef carcasses and its association with aerobic mesophilic plate count categories during the slaughter process.

An analysis of 535 prefabricated beef carcass samples taken in three processing plants demonstrated an association between the mesophilic aerobic plate count (APC) class and the incidence of obtaining an Escherichia coli-positive sample. Beef carcasses were sampled from three separate plants; one was a fed-beef processing plant and the other two were cow/bull plants. Samples were obtained by sponging and were analyzed for APC and E. coli. When samples were classified into four APC levels or classes (class 1: <2, class 2: ≥2 and <3, class 3: ≥3 and <4, and class 4: ≥4 log CFU/cm2), a trend indicating that samples from higher APC classes were more likely to be positive for E. coli biotype 1 was observed. Of the APC class 4 samples (≥4 log CFU/cm2), 88% were positive for the presence of E. coli, as opposed to 21% in APC class 1 (<2 log CFU/cm2). Univariate chi-square analysis of the resulting contingency tables from reclassified data (class 1: <2, class 2: ≥2 and <3, and class 3: ≥3 log CFU/cm2) indicated a ...
Forensic investigation of plutonium metal: a case study of CRM 126

In this study, a certified plutonium metal reference material (CRM 126) with a known production history is examined using analytical methods that are commonly employed in nuclear forensics for provenancing and attribution. The measured plutonium isotopic composition and actinide assay are consistent with values reported on the reference material certificate. Model ages from U/Pu and Am/Pu chronometers agree with the documented production timeline. The results confirm the utility of these analytical methods and highlight the importance of a holistic approach for forensic study of unknown materials.
Full-scale test of transitional wood shelter used by victims of typhoon Haiyan

Abstract On November 2013, typhoon Haiyan devastated parts of central Philippines, creating a need for shelter for the thousands of residents displaced. Several relief organizations facilitated construction of thousands of shelters. This paper presents an experimental study performed to verify the structural capacity of one particular shelter. The shelter studied is of a transitional nature, with initial floor dimensions of 4.1 m by 3 m, but allowing for expansion. The structure is composed of a timber braced frame with a galvanized steel roof. Because of the non-conventional lateral force resisting system used in the shelter, a full-scale test under simulated lateral wind forces was performed. The main goals of the experiment were to confirm analytical results, and to determine failure mechanisms, lateral stiffness and the lateral capacity. The shelter's capacity was higher than the design demand, confirming the analytical results. The test was stopped when significant uplift deformations of the elevated post bases (EPBs), used to anchor the shelter columns to the concrete foundations, were observed at the columns in tension. This finding motivated further evaluation of the EPBs. Results from individual EPBs confirmed the full-scale test observations.
MID FEMORAL HEAD IS NOT THE IDEAL FLUROSCOPIC LANDMARK FOR COMMON FEMORAL ARTERY PUNCTURE

Background: Mid femoral head (FH50) is used as a fluoroscopic landmark for common femoral artery (CFA) puncture. High puncture – above the nadir of inferior epigastric artery (IEAN) and low puncture – below CFA bifurcation (CFAB) increase the risk of access site complications. To evaluate the
A novel technology for measuring the eruption temperature of silicate lavas with remote sensing: Application to Io and other planets

Abstract The highly variable and unpredictable magnitude of thermal emission from evolving volcanic eruptions creates saturation problems for remote sensing instruments observing eruptions on Earth and on Io, the highly volcanic moon of Jupiter. For Io, it is desirable to determine the temperature of the erupting lavas as this measurement constrains lava composition. One method of determining lava eruption temperature is by measuring radiant flux at two or more wavelengths and fitting a blackbody thermal emission function. Only certain styles of volcanic activity are suitable, those where detectable thermal emission is from a restricted range of surface temperatures close to the eruption temperature. Volcanic processes where this occurs include large lava fountains; smaller lava fountains common in active lava lakes; and lava tube skylights. Problems that must be overcome to obtain usable data are: (1) the rapid cooling of the lava between data acquisitions at different wavelengths, (2) the unknown magnitude of thermal emission, which has often led to detector saturation, and (3) thermal emission changing on a shorter timescale than the observation integration time. We can overcome these problems by using the HOT-BIRD detector and a novel, advanced digital readout circuit (D-ROIC) to achieve a wide dynamic range sufficient to image lava on Io without saturating. We have created an instrument model that allows various instrument parameters (including mirror diameter, number of signal splits, exposure duration, filter band pass, and optics transmissivity) to be tested to determine the detectability of thermal sources on Io's surface. We find that a short-wavelength infrared instrument on an Io flyby mission can achieve simultaneity of observations by splitting the incoming signal for all relevant eruption processes and still obtain data fast enough to remove uncertainties in accurate determination of the highest lava surface temperatures. Observations at 1 and 1.5 μm are sufficient for this purpose. Even with a ten-way beam split, instrument throughput generates acceptable signal-to-noise values. Accurate constraints on lava eruption temperature are also possible with a visible wavelength detector so long as data at different wavelengths are obtained simultaneously and integration time is very short. Fast integration times are important for examining the thermal emission from lava tube skylights due to rapidly changing viewing geometry during close flybys. The technology described here is applicable to instruments observing terrestrial volcanism and for investigating proposed volcanic activity on Venus, where lava composition is not known.
People feel worse about their forgiveness when mismatches between forgiveness and amends create adaptation risks

Building on principles of evolutionary psychology and sociometer theory, we propose that people feel worse about the extent to which they have forgiven when their forgiveness level increases their risk of exploitation or their risk of spoiling a valuable relationship. We predicted that people would feel worse about their forgiveness level when they grant a high level of forgiveness to a perpetrator who has made weak (vs. strong) amends, thereby heightening their risk of exploitation (H1). We also predicted that people would feel worse about their forgiveness level when they grant a low (vs. high) level of forgiveness to a perpetrator who has made strong amends, thereby putting the value of their relationship with the perpetrator at risk (H2). We conducted a longitudinal study of transgressions occurring in romantic relationships and two experiments to test these ideas. H1 was supported in two of the three studies; H2 was supported in all three. A mini meta-analysis indicated that both effects were reliabl...
ARE WE TEACHING TRAUMA

Covering violence is an expected part of the daily job for many journalists in the United States; however, are college and university programs fully preparing students for what they may experience?...
Is abortion vicious

Defendant l'idee d'un debat ethique et non pas juridique sur la question de l'avortement, l'A. critique l'analogie entre le discours moral et la notion de droit developpee par J. J. Thomson dans son article intitule «A defense of abortion» (1974). Substituant a la question de l'injustice celle du vice et de la vertu de l'avortement, l'A. etudie la critique catholique de la these de Thomson presentee par J. Finnis, ainsi que la double problematique qui en resulte concernant la doctrine du double effet et la distinction entre tuer et laisser mourir
You’re dead to me, but should you be? Using a retail database to classify American malls by occupancy and sales and an extended analysis of dead and dying malls

The study uses a shopping center database to classify malls by occupancy and sales. A factor analysis is conducted and reduces the large number of variables to a smaller number of mall constructs. ...
Bright red-emitting highly reliable styryl probe with large stokes shift for visualizing mitochondria in live cells under wash-free conditions

Abstract Bright red-emitting pyridinium cyanine based styryl probe 2 is synthesized in good yields. Probe 2 demonstrated a large Stokes’ shift (Δλ ≈ 128 nm, 4227 cm−1 in DCM) and excellent fluorescent quantum yield (Φf1 ≈ 0.2 - 0.7) due to strong Intra-molecular charge transfer (ICT). Probe 2 was found to exhibit exceptional selectivity for cellular mitochondria in both normal (COS-7) and cancer (A549) cell lines. Probe 2 is readily applicable as a “wash-free” dye to visualize mitochondria as it does not require post-staining washing prior to imaging. Styryl probe 2 also showed an excellent biocompatibility as the calculated LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) value was > 20 μM. Probe 2 emission did not show any interferences from anionic species or other biological molecules. Probe 2 is readily excitable (λex∼460 and λem∼618 nm) with the available laser (454 nm) in commercial microscopes and thus it can be a useful probe for mitochondrial tracking in live cells.
Phosphoryl-Ligand Adducts of Rare Earth-TriNOx Complexes: Systematic Studies and Implications for Separations Chemistry

Phosphoryl ligands of the general formula O═PR3 (R = Me, OMe, Et, nBu, Ph, iPr, NMe2) were coordinated to [Nd(TriNOx)] (TriNOx3– = ([(2-tBuNO)C6H4CH2]3N)3–), and the resulting complexes were characterized. Solution equilibrium constants for each complex were determined, demonstrating a large range for phosphoryl ligands’ Lewis basicity. Thermogravimetric analyses provided evidence for the qualitative thermodynamic preference of phosphoryl ligands for [Nd(TriNOx)] over the dysprosium analogue. These findings were exploited for the separation of binary mixtures of neodymium/dysprosium and lanthanum/neodymium. Implementation of phosphoryl ligands in the TriNOx separation system expands its scope and demonstrates a fundamentally different mode for separating rare-earth cations based on adducts with neutral donors.
Performance and Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in Major League Baseball Players

Background:Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain that may lead to decreased performance in Major League Baseball (MLB) players.Purpose:To determine the (1) return-to-spor...
The Existential Monad

Here I explore Paul Tillich’s notion of the “ontological” or “existential” self as indivisible, vital presence. Such a self cannot accurately be called a “construction,” since it does not differentiate itself into parts needed to make a “construct.” As indivisible, it bears a striking relation to Leibniz’s notion of the monad. Since our sensation of vital presence brings us into closer consciousness of our eventual extinction, the monadic self is likewise the source of tremendous anxiety that longs for transformation. The poetry of Keats and Whitman gives expression to the existential monad as participating in vital mysteries, joys, and terrors that both connect us to some greater unknown and inspire our imaginative response as a mode of transfiguring, celebrating, and lamenting that connection.
Characterization of the Spatio-Temporal Response of a Turbulent Boundary Layer to Dynamic Roughness

The spatio-temporal response of a smooth-wall turbulent boundary layer to two-dimensional dynamic roughness forcing was investigated using flow structure-resolved particle image velocimetry. While such a flow has been extensively studied through pointwise temporal measurements, we characterize the streamwise-spatial nature of the streamwise and wall-normal velocity components of the synthetic mode excited by the roughness, which had not been previously fully characterized. Investigation of the spanwise variation of the response confirms a broad extent of two-dimensional characteristics in the streamwise and spanwise directions. Spatial amplitude modulation is observed in the synthetic structure and investigated directly through the spatial spectra. A parametric study of the influences of forcing frequency (and roughness height) leads to an empirical relationship between input frequency and resultant streamwise spatial lengthscale, which is proposed to extend the usefulness of dynamic roughness as a well-characterized input by which to probe the structure and dynamics of wall turbulence. In turn, dynamic roughness forcing may be used to study the response of complex fluid systems to these deterministic structures and explore the efficacy of possible flow control strategies in a directed manner.
Phenolic fatty acid-based epoxy curing agent for antimicrobial epoxy polymers

Abstract Epoxy resins are one class of important reactive pre-polymers used in the coating industry. To manufacture epoxy resins with antimicrobial properties, active quaternary ammonium groups are often introduced into the polymeric backbones following resin polymerization reactions for structure modification. However, these complicated approaches associated with these types of reactions make the commercialization of the antimicrobial epoxy polymers uneconomical, impractical and inconvenient. Besides, quaternary ammonium groups are undesirable because the hydrophilicity of the groups makes the resins less water-resistant. In order to simplify the development of antimicrobial epoxy polymers, we prepared an amide by reacting novel bio-based phenolic-branched fatty acids with ethylenediamine. The resulting amide was cured into a commercial epoxy resin -- diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), which was solution-cast into epoxy polymer films. The antimicrobial activities of the resulting epoxy polymer films were investigated. The crude phenolic branched fatty acid amides (PBC-FAAs) as curing agents were separated and characterized by thin-layer chromatography, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer films were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Cured epoxy films prepared from purified PBC-FAA exhibited antimicrobial activity against Listeria innocua. However, the crude, unpurified PBC-FAA-cured epoxy film showed much more promising antimicrobial activity against both Listeria innocua (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative).
Experimental Study on Insulation Characteristics of Oil-Immersed Transformer in Alpine Environment

The insulation fault of oil-immersed transformer at low temperature is caused by comprehensive factors. At present, it is difficult to find out the root cause of the fault. Therefore, it is necessary to observe the key insulation parameters (dielectric loss, capacitance) at low temperature by means of experiment and summarize the law of influence. In this paper, the capacitance and dielectric loss of oil-immersed transformer at -10 °C, -20 °C, -50 °C is respectively measured to obtain the relationship between the capacitance and dielectric loss according to temperature of oil-immersed transformer, which provides a scientific basis for the operation and maintenance of oil-immersed transformer in low temperature area.
Knowledge-in-Pieces—Andrea A. diSessa, David Hammer

This chapter provides an overview of a knowledge-in-pieces perspective on learning: the idea that knowledge consists of small cognitive units rather than large concepts. In the 1990s, diSessa (1993) introduced knowledge-in-pieces as an alternative learning theory to conceptual change and termed these small cognitive elements phenomenological primitives (p-prims). Unlike concepts, p-prims are ideas that are not formally learned; that are neither correct nor incorrect themselves, but can be appropriately or inappropriately applied in a given context; and that are activated in concert with other elements. Over time, other researchers then built on diSessa’s work. For example, Hammer (2004) referred to these small cognitive elements as resources and identified resources both for learning physics and for epistemology. Understanding learning as small cognitive pieces that must work together to make sense of phenomena helps to describe the tenaciousness of alternative conceptions in science. It also resonates with the descriptions of learning and teaching put forth in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS Lead States, 2013) used in the United States. As such, after outlining the development of knowledge-in-pieces perspectives on learning, we examine the implications that these have for how instruction is designed.
Meaningful Clinical Applications of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Orthopaedics.

» Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) comprise valuable data, when combined with traditional clinical information, for patient-centered health outcome assessment. » While PROMs form the foundation of orthopaedic clinical research, they are invaluable tools for clinical care. » PROMs play a critical role in shared decision-making with patients, as they are quantitative measures of patient health (function, pain, and satisfaction). » PROMs should be incorporated into routine postoperative care for effective clinical monitoring and understanding of the response to surgery. » PROMs can be additionally utilized for meaningful clinical research, predictive analytics, and value-based care delivery pathways.
Relationships Between Adolescents with Cancer and Healthy Peers: A Qualitative Study.

Purpose: Despite the developmental relevance and role in social support, research on relationships between adolescents with cancer and healthy peers is limited. To address this gap, we aimed to des...
The Use of Absorbable Mesh in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: A 7-Year Review.

Background Breast reconstruction is most frequently performed using implants or expanders. Adjunctive materials such as acellular dermal matrix and synthetic meshes are used to support the implant or expander. A paucity of large studies exist on the use of synthetic mesh for breast reconstruction. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients over the past 7 years who had implant reconstruction with synthetic absorbable mesh at the Massachusetts General Hospital was performed. Data were collected on demographic and surgical outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed. Results A total of 227 patients (376 mastectomies) were treated with direct-to-implant subpectoral reconstruction with absorbable mesh from 2011 to 2017. The infection rate was 2.1 percent. The rate of capsular contracture was 4.8 percent. Patients who had radiation therapy either preoperatively or postoperatively had a higher rate of complications, including capsular contracture. Cost savings for using mesh instead of acellular dermal matrix surpassed $1.2 million. Conclusion Synthetic absorbable mesh is a safe alternative to acellular dermal matrix in prosthetic breast reconstruction and provides stable results along with significant cost savings. Clinical question/level of evidence Therapeutic, IV.