cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Knockdown of Target Genes by siRNA In Vitro

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular process involved in the silencing of genes, which makes RNAi important for observing and understanding the function of specific gene products. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is a RNAi pathway, where exogenous double stranded RNA is introduced to the cell and cleaved by an endoribonuclease, Dicer, to form siRNA, which interacts with a protein complex to scan mRNAs to bind to its complementary sequence. The binding of the siRNA to its complementary mRNA, the mRNA is cleaved and degraded by the cell, significantly reducing the levels of the target protein product. The discovery of this mechanism made it a powerful tool to use as a technique for therapeutics, agricultural biology, and cellular and molecular biology.
The regulation of FGF23 production in bone and outside of bone

Abstract Phosphorus equilibrium in the body is regulated through uptake and release of phosphate via the intestine, kidney, and bone. These processes are coordinated primarily through the activity and regulation of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). FGF23 is largely produced in osseous structures by osteocytes and osteoblasts. Under normal physiological conditions, elevations in serum phosphorus or active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulate transcriptional upregulation of FGF23 and promote the release of the full-length intact FGF23 protein into the blood where it is then delivered to downstream target tissues. Studies in rare heritable forms of phosphate dysregulation revealed novel additional pathways of FG23 regulation including iron deficiency and inflammation. Notably, FGF23 expression under these conditions is not confined to the skeleton but is produced in many additional tissues as well. Thus, this chapter will examine the regulation of FGF23 in normal and altered metabolic states as well as how these multiple agents affect expression within bone and extra-skeletal tissues.
Using a public database of Neisseria gonorrhoeae genomes to detect mutations associated with zoliflodacin resistance.

Author(s): Adamson, Paul C; Lin, Eric Y; Ha, Sung-Min; Klausner, Jeffrey D | Abstract: BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an urgent global health threat. Zoliflodacin is a novel antibiotic undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of gonorrhoea. While there are limited data regarding zoliflodacin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae, three amino acid mutations have been associated with increased MICs of zoliflodacin.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of three amino acid mutations associated with zoliflodacin resistance within a large, public database of nearly 13 000 N. gonorrhoeae genomes.MethodsPathogenWatch is an online genomic epidemiology platform with a public database of N. gonorrhoeae genomes. That database was used to extract gyrB sequence data and a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) search was performed to identify any of the three amino acid mutations in GyrB that are associated with increased zoliflodacin MICs: D429N, K450N or K450T. As a control for the search methodology, all GyrA sequences were also extracted and S91F mutations were identified and compared with the PathogenWatch database.ResultsIn total, 12 493 N. gonorrhoeae genomes from the PathogenWatch database were included. Among those genomes, none was identified that harboured any of the three mutations associated with increased zoliflodacin MICs. One genome was identified to have a mutation at position 429 in GyrB (D429V).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the prevalence of the three mutations associated with zoliflodacin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae is very low. However, further research into the mechanisms of zoliflodacin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae is needed. Genomic epidemiology platforms like PathogenWatch can be used to enhance the global surveillance of AMR.
Enabling and Scaling of URLLC Verticals on 5G vRAN Running on COTS Hardware

This article discusses an Ultra-Reliable Low-La-tency Communication (URLLC) implementation on a 5G New Radio (NR) virtual radio access Network (vRAN). The vRAN application runs on a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) test platform, on which 3GPP 5G NR RAN Layer-1 (L1) and Layer-2 (L2) containerized network functions (CNFs) are implemented. To demonstrate capability and scalability, the CNFs are dimensioned to support up to three 100 MHz cells. URLLC and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) slices are implemented to partition L1 processing for mixed use cases. This article illustrates an advantage of virtualization in managing L1 processing demand by L1 slice-scaling. It also describes a methodology for optimal cell capacity dimensioning based on connected URLLC users' service level agreements (SLAs) in terms of latency, reliability, and throughput. Using analysis of the test results, the article discusses maintaining a critical time budget of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) L1 processing pipelines and points out techniques to increase L1 processing capacity to achieve URLLC SLA while serving eMBB users. The article concludes that a 5G NR vRAN application running on COTS hardware enables public/private URLLC verticals including mobile edge computing, cloud gaming, AR/VR, industrial automation, and others.
An empirical analysis of experienced reviewers in online communities: what, how, and why to review

Online consumer reviews significantly impact market performance as potential customers rely heavily on these reviews for consumer decision making. Accordingly, experienced online reviewers, or highly motivated reviewers who account for the largest attribution of reviews, are proposed to be an important part of the online reviewing ecosystem. This research examines experienced reviewers in the online communities. Using empirical data, this study found that experienced reviewers tend to behave as experts with the aim to achieve a common good with rating and selection attributes similar to critics. Hence, results showed that experienced reviewers leave lower ratings, have less extremity in their ratings, prefer sophisticated products but do not prefer popular products. The female experienced reviewers are less generous than novice female reviewers and their generosity decreases more dramatically than males in the rating propensity as they become experienced reviewers.
A Complete Dual Economy

In this chapter we combine the main features introduced in previous chapters into a complete dual economy model. The model includes physical and human capital, fertility, wage gaps, and technological change. We then examine the ability of the model to replicate key features of the economic growth observed in real-world economies.
Individual and societal forms of violence against women in the US and the developing world: an overview.

This paper reviews individual and societal forms of violence against women in the US and throughout the world. Its purpose is to assist readers in recognizing and managing these phenomena and to encourage them to advocate locally and nationally for solutions to public health and human rights issues facing women worldwide. The incorporation of societal and structural forms of violence against women into the medical curriculum to complement current curricular offerings on domestic violence/partner abuse would likely enhance the willingness and abilities of health professionals to become more active in clinical work research and public policy in women’s health. (excerpt)
Replenishment Inventory Planning

The final step in the inventory control planning process outlined in Chapter 6 is the selection of the inventory ordering policies that are to guide in determining what products need to be ordered, when orders should be released, and what should be the order quantity. In selecting the proper ordering method, inventory management has the choice of using two basic techniques: some form of statistical inventory replenishment or time-phased order point (TPOP). The decision to use one or a combination of these techniques is based on a number of factors, such as the nature of customer demand, mechanics of the inventory control system employed, characteristics of the products to be ordered, existence of a distribution channel, availability and type of enterprise business system possessed by the firm, and how easily information can be transmitted to and from supply chain trading partners. Determining the proper replenishment techniques is one of a company’s most important tasks, requiring a firm understanding and application knowledge of both general inventory concepts and detailed mathematical models and formulas.
Chemical aspects of iron oxide coagulation in water: laboratory studies and implications for natural systems.

Initial coagulation rates of colloidal hematite (α-Fe2O3) particles (diameter less than 0.1 µm) were measured experimentally in well-defined laboratory systems at constant temperature. The relative stability ratio,W, was obtained at various ionic strengths in NaCl medium and at pH values in the range from 3 to 12. ExperimentalW values ranged from 1 to 104 in various systems. The results delineate the roles ofspecific andgeneralized coagulation mechanisms for iron oxides. Among the specifically-interacting species (ΔG ads 0 >ΔG coul 0 ) studied were phosphate, monomeric organic acids of various structures, and polymeric organic acids. The critical coagulation-restabilization concentrations of specifically-interacting anions (from 10−7 to 10−4 molar) can be compared with the general effects of non-specific electrolyte coagulants (10−3 to 10−1 molar). The laboratory results are interpreted with the help of a Surface Complex Formation/Diffuse Layer Model (SCF/DLM) which describes variations of interfacial charge and potential resulting from variations of coagulating species in solution. Comparison of these laboratory experiments with observations on iron behavior in estuarine and lake waters aids in understanding iron removal mechanisms and coagulation time scales in natural systems.
Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems

Fetal Magnetocardiography.- Microwave Thermoelastic Tomography and Imaging.- Diffuse Optical Imaging.- Optical Biotelemetry.- Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields (ELFMF) and Pain Therapy.- The Charge-to-Mass ICR Signature in Weak ELF Bioelectromagnetic Effects.
BRINGING PEACE TO THE LATINO COMMUNITY

This study addresses the need for a parent education program for divorcing and separating parents in the Latino community. It is intended to identify special needs and issues that may affect the implementation of such a program and proposes a framework as to how such issues might be addressed and met. This study is based on the implementation of the PEACE (Parent Education and Custody Effectiveness) program, an existing parent education program in New York State. This study will explore how the program may need to be adapted or modified to serve adequately and effectively the Latino community.
Perceived barriers to mental health services among youths in detention

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine perceived barriers to mental health service use among male and female juvenile detainees. Method: The sample included 1,829 juveniles newly detained in Chicago. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children and Children's Global Assessment Scale were used to determine the need for services. Service use and barriers to services were assessed with the Service Utilization and Risk Factors interview. Results: Approximately 85% of youths with psychiatric disorders reported at least one perceived barrier to services. Most common was the belief that problems would go away without help. Generally, attitudes toward services were remarkably similar across sex and race. Among females, significantly more youths with past service use or referral to services reported this barrier than did youths who had never received or been referred to services. Among males, significantly more youths who had been referred, but never received, services were unsure about where to go for help than youths with past service use. Significantly more youths with no past service use or referrals were concerned about the cost of services than youths with past service use. Conclusions: Despite the pervasive need for mental health services, the findings of this study suggest that detained youths do not perceive the mental health system as an important or accessible resource. Youths who believe their problems can be solved without assistance are unlikely to cooperate with referrals or to independently seek mental health services. Service providers must be sensitive to clients' perceived barriers to mental health services and work to reduce negative perceptions of services.
Derivation of weighting matrices towards satisfying eigenvalue requirements

Abstract The present work is concerned with the problem of designing appropriate weighting matrices for the performance index of the linear regulator optimization problem, guch that the resulting optimal policy satisfies given eigenvalue requirements. The text provides an algorithm for deriving a diagonal state-weighting matrix according to these eigenvalue requirements, the latter often being better defined than the requirements for the stato-weighting matrix. The solution given employs matrix differential calculus and a static gradient minimization sub-routine to minimize an eigenvalue error criterion, thus facilitating optimal control within desired eigenvalue requirements.
Prostate cancer: worse sexual function after cryoablation--a case for EBRT?

External beam radiation therapy and cryoablation can both be used to treat localized prostate cancer. Quality of life outcomes are similar with the two forms of treatment, with the exception of sexual function, which is poorer in patients treated with cryoablation than in those who receive radiation therapy.
Local replication for proxy web caches with hash routing

This paper studies controlled local replication for hash routing, such as CARP, among a collection of loosely-coupled proxy web cache servers. Hash routing partitions the entire URL space among the shared web caches, creating a single logical cache. Each partition is assigned to a cache server. Duplication of cache contents is eliminated and total incoming traffic to the shared web caches is minimized. Client requests for non-assigned-partition objects are forwarded to sibling caches. However, request forwarding increases not only inter-cache traffic but also cpu utilization, thus slows the client response time. We propose a controlled local replication of non-assigned-partition objects in each cache server to effectively reduce the inter-cache traffic. We use a multiple-exit LRU to implement controlled local replication. Trace-driven simulations are conducted to study the performance impact of local replication. The results show that (1) regardless of cache sizes, with a controlled local replication, the average response time, inter-cache traffic and CPU overhead can be effectively reduced without noticeable increases in incoming traffic; (2) for very large cache sizes, a larger amount of local replication can be allowed to reduce inter-cache traffic without increasing incoming traffic; and (3) local replication is effective even if clients are dynamically assigned to different cache servers.
Liquid-encapsulated Czochralski growth of Ga1−xInxAs single crystals with uniform compositions

Abstract Most alloy semiconductors tend to develop severe macrosegregation along single crystals grown from melts. The feasibility of modifying the conventional liquid-encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) process to reduce macrosegregation was assessed. First, the crystal was pulled from the melt in a stationary inner crucible that was replenished by the melt overflowing from a rising outer crucible. Ga 1− x In x As single crystals of about 1, 2 and 3 mol% InAs were grown. When growing crystals at higher InAs contents, the replenishing melt had a tendency to freeze and disrupt crystal growth. The crystal was then pulled from a melt which was replenished from below by a solid feed held in the same rising crucible as the melt. The solid feed was prepared from a B 2 O 3 -encapsulated melt that undercooled and then rapidly solidified into an ingot without macrosegregation. Ga 1− x In x As single crystals of about 5 and 7.5 mol% InAs were grown. All crystals were uniform in composition in both the axial and the radial directions. It was also demonstrated that the first modified LEC process can be used to grow inhomogeneous Ga 1− x In x As single crystals from pure GaAs seeds and initially pure GaAs melts, which is convenient when no alloy crystal seeds are available.
Effect of 4-pentenoic acid on coenzyme a metabolites in rat liver☆

4-Pentenoic acid has been shown to have a hypoglycemic effect on mice in vivo (1) and to inhibit gluconeogenesis and lactate oxidation in pigeon liver homogenates (2). Gluconeogenesis from alanine or pyruvate is inhibited by 4-pentenoic acid in perfused rat liver (3,4), and glucose production from pyruvate and succinate is decreased in rat kidney slices (5). 4-Pentenoic acid also inhibits the oxidation of fatty acids in a variety of systems (1–8). Since fatty acids are known to stimulate glucose production by the liver (9, 10), the impairment of gluconeogenesis has been attributed to a suppression of fatty acid oxidation. It has been suggested that inhibition of fatty acid oxidation is mediated by lack of free CoA and carnitine as a result of the accumulation of non-metabolizable CoA and carnitine esters formed during the oxidation of 4-pentenoic acid (2,6). However, no detailed studies on possible changes of CoA intermediates in tissues have been reported. In the present work, the kinetics of the effects of 4-pentenoic acid on adenine and pyridine nucleotides, CoA and carnitine derivatives have been determined in the perfused rat liver. These studies, and data obtained with intact and sonicated mitochondria show that the metabolic deficiencies observed in liver are caused both by inhibition of β-oxidation, and by depletion of CoA and acetyl-CoA.
Reformulation for arbitrary mixed states of Jones' Bayes estimation of pure states

Abstract Jones has cast the problem of estimating the pure state |ψ〉 of a d-dimensional quantum system into a Bayesian framework. The normalized uniform ray measure over such states is employed as the prior distribution. The data consist of observed eigenvectors φk, k = 1,,…,N, from an N-trial analyzer, that is a collection of N bases of the Hilbert space C d . The desired posterior/inferred distribution is then simply proportional to the likelihood of Πk = 1N |〈ψ|φk〉|2. Here, Jones' approach is extended to “the more realistic experimental case of mixed input states.” As the (unnormalized) prior over the d × d density matrices (ϱ), the recently-developed reparameterization and unitarily-invariant measure, |ϱ|2d + 1, is utilized. The likelihood is then taken to be Πk = 1N 〈φk|ϱ|φk〉, reducing to that of Jones when ϱ corresponds to a pure state. the case of a pure state, however, the associated prior and posterior probabilities are then zero. Some analytical results for the case d = 2 are presented.
Influence of parental lead exposure on subsequent learning ability of offspring.

Abstract This study was designed to assess the learning ability of rat offspring following the exposure of one or both parents to lead acetate (Pb) from 30–90 days of age. At that time, parents were mated to yield four groups: Group Pb-Pb, both parents had received Pb; Group Pb-N, only the mother had received Pb; Group N-Pb, only the father had received Pb; and Group N-N, the control parents. Mothers were continued on their respective treatments throughout gestation and nursing. Testing of offspring began at 30 days of age, employing a black-white discrimination water T maze. Analysis of results revealed that the three Pb groups made more errors than the controls, but did not differ from one another. However, offspring in Group Pb-Pb had longer swimming times than those in Groups Pb-N and N-Pb, who, in turn, had longer swimming times than Group N-N. Thus dual parental exposure was more severe than single parental exposure, which, however, still exerted a detrimental effect compared to control performance.
Anévrismes de la veine porte–Rapport de 4 cas

Les anevrismes veineux portes sont rares et habituellement de decouverte fortuite sur une imagerie abdominale. Bien que les la plupart soient asymptomatiques, ils peuvent causer des symptomes de compression d’une structure voisine, une thrombose, ou un saignement. Le traitement n’est habituellement pas necessaire et une simple surveillance est suggeree. Nous presentons quatre malades presentant des anevrismes du systeme porte. Un malade avait un anevrisme de 10,5 cm thrombose, un avait un anevrisme porte intra-hepatique de 3,5 cm, un troisieme avait un anevrisme symptomatique de la veine splenique de 4 cm, qui a ete traite, et un malade avait un anevrisme de 4 cm au confluent des veines splenique et porte.
Transition to global instability in transverse-jet shear layers

In a recent paper (Megerian et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 593, 2007, pp. 93–129), experimental exploration of the behaviour of transverse-jet near-field shear-layer instabilities suggests a significant change in the character of the instability as jet-to-crossflow velocity ratios R are reduced below a critical range. The present study provides a detailed exploration of and additional insights into this transition, with quantification of the growth of disturbances at various locations along and about the jet shear layer, frequency tracking and response of the transverse jet to very strong single-mode forcing, creating a ‘lock-in’ response in the shear layer. In all instances, there is clear evidence that the flush transverse jet's near-field shear layer becomes globally unstable when R lies at or below a critical range near 3. These findings have important implications for and provide the underlying strategy by which active control of the transverse jet may be developed.
Enabling automated HPC / database deployment via the appscale hybrid cloud platform

In this paper, we discuss a prevalent issue facing the HPC community today: the lack of automation in the installation, deployment, and integration of HPC and database software. As a result, scientists today must play a dual role as researchers and as system administrators. The time required for scientists to become proficient with software stacks is significant and has increased with the complexity of modern systems such as cloud-based platforms and infrastructures. However, cloud computing offers many potential benefits to HPC software developers. It facilitates dynamic acquisition of computing and storage resources and access to scalable services. Moreover, cloud platforms such as AppScale abstract away the underlying system and automate deployment and control of supported software and services. As part of this project, we have extended AppScale with domain specific language support called Neptune that gives developers straightforward control over automatic configuration and deployment of cloud applications. Neptune also extends cloud support beyond web-services to HPC applications, components, and libraries. We discuss AppScale and Neptune, and how they can be extended via more intelligent database usage to provide a better solution for the next-generation of cloud-based HPC and data-intensive applications.
Living Care-Fully: The Potential for an Ethics of Care in Livelihoods Approaches

Summary This article explores the potential contribution of a feminist ethics of care to livelihoods approaches. Current critiques argue that considerations of material outcomes have been prioritized at the expense of social well-being. I argue that autonomy and independence frame our current approaches to understanding how people support themselves. This has obscured the interdependent and contingent nature of connections that found our social lives and reduced social connections to an instrumental role. The potential for taking a care-full approach to livelihoods is examined through the unfolding negotiations of livelihood strategies between an elderly woman and her daughter-in-law in rural northern Ghana.
Fixation of Antigen–Antibody Reaction by Glutaraldehyde

GLUTARALDEHYDE, a di-aldehyde fixative, has been found to bind antibodies rapidly and permanently to antigens of red blood cells. The system investigated and described in this report was similar to that used by Evans et al.1 in which purified cold agglutinins (anti-I), labelled with iodine-131 or iodine-125, were incubated with human adult (I-positive) or umbilical cord (I-negative) erythrocytes. Cold agglutinins react strongly with I-positive cells at low temperatures, but at 37° C they have almost no avidity and are rapidly released into the fluid medium. Even at low temperatures the avidity of cold agglutinin for I-positive erythrocytes is not sufficient to prevent elution of significant amounts of antibody as the cells are washed in large volumes of buffer. During kinetic and equilibrium investigations of cold agglutinins it became apparent that ordinary techniques for “instantaneous sampling”, that is, rapid centrifugation of samples, collecting of supernatant, and washing cell buttons one to three times, did not prevent continuing shift of antibody from cells to supernatant nor allow measurement of extremely rapid change effected by variations in temperature. The use of glutaraldehyde to circumvent these difficulties was considered because this fixative has two reactive aldehyde groups which might attach simultaneously to antibody and antigen and bind them firmly together.
Proving Operational Termination of Declarative Programs in General Logics

A declarative program P is a theory in a given computational logic L, so that computation with such a program is efficiently implemented as deduction in L. That is why inference systems are crucial: they both (i) define the logical semantics of a language in its underlying logic L, and (ii) specify the execution of programs in a correct implementation. The notion of operational termination (OT) of a declarative program P identifies termination with absence of infinite inference with P. We further develop the OT notion for declarative programs in general logics with schematic inference systems and characterize OT in terms of chains of proof jumps. We also generalize the Dependency Pair Framework for Term Rewriting Systems to an arbitrary schematic logic L, so that methods for proving declarative programs OT become available for a very wide range of declarative languages. We illustrate the usefulness of the general OT methods we propose by three case studies in three logics: that of Conditional Term Rewriting Systems, the Typed λ-calculus, and Membership Rewriting Logic. In particular, we show how various programs that could not be proved terminating with existing methods can be proved OT with the methods presented here.
DETERMINATION OF OXYGEN NON-STOLCHIOMETRIC FRACTION, δ, IN SINGLE-PHASE SUPERCONDUCTING YBa2Cu3Om+δ

The hydrogen/carbon mono-oxide reduction method, based on the difference in thermodynamic stability of yttrium oxide, barium oxide and copper oxide, has been used to determine the oxygen non-stoichiometric fraction, the δ value, in single-phase superconducting YBa2Cu3O6.5+δ. The δ value was found to +0.27 for samples produced by directed reaction process under the given conditions. The present authors regard YBa2Cu3O6.77 as a copper-deficient non-stoichiometric compound.
Mutagen formation in a model beef boiling system I. Conditions with a soluble beef‐derived fraction

Abstract Fried beef and commercial beef extract contain Ames/ Salmonella frameshift mutagens that require microsomal (S‐9) activation. To ascertain which fraction(s) of beef muscle contain(s) the essential precursors, aqueous (1:1) homogenates of lean round steak were centrifuged to give an insoluble residue1 (R1) and a soluble supernatant1 (S1). S1 was then boiled for 30 min and again centrifuged, yielding a residue2 (R2) and a soluble supernatant2 (S2). S2 represents only 5% of the meat dry wt and it contains only 10∗ of the H2O‐soluble protein, but it contributes all of the S‐9 dependent Salmonella TA1538 mutagenic activity in boiled homogenates. Mutagen formation from S2 boiled for 0–30 h at a constant volume increases exponentially with time and displays sharp pH optima at 4.0 and 9.0. By molecular ultrafiltration the pH 4.0 mutagen precursors in S2 have molecular wts < 500. They are also stable to lyophilization. These observations and the disappearance of certain amino acids upon boiling at pH 4.0 ...
Sex differences in household labor time a comparison of rural and urban couples

A sample of 440 full-time employed couples from 11 states was examined to determine the differences between time spent on housework by husbands and wives in rural and urban areas. More time is spent in housework in rural families than in urban families because time spent in housework is greater for rural women than for urban women, while rural and urban husbands' times do not differ. Education of spouses, job status differentials, and age of the younger child do not significantly interact with rural-urban residence and sex of the spouse. However, family income does significantly influence the relationship between time spent on housework for rural and urban husbands and wives.
Strengths and needs of first‐year teachers

(1986). Strengths and needs of first‐year teachers. The Teacher Educator: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 10-18.
Chronic molindone treatment: relative inability to elicit dopamine receptor supersensitivity in rats.

Chronic treatment of rats with the antipsychotic drug molindone (2.5 mg/kg) did not elicit behavioral supersensitivity to apomorphine (AP) (0.25 mg/kg) or increased striatal 3H-spiroperidol binding, whereas treatment with haloperidol (0.5–1.0 mg/kg) produced manifestations of dopaminergic supersensitivity in both paradigms. Chronic treatment with a high dose of molindone (20 mg/kg) elicited a small, but significant increase in behavioral sensitivity to AP (57%) which was, however, significantly less than that produced by 1 mg/kg haloperidol (126%, P<0.01). Apparent tolerance to elevation of striatal and frontal cortical 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels was obtained with chronic molindone treatment (5 or 20 mg/kg). None of the molindone doses used (2.5–50 mg/kg) increased striatal dopamine receptor binding. Scatchard analyses revealed no change in either maximal binding capacity (Bmax) or dissociation constant (KD). A significant (P<0.001) correlation of receptor binding acitivty and stereotypy score was obtained for haloperidol-, but not molindone-treated rats. These results with molindone in an animal model of tardive dyskinesia suggest that this drug may have a lower potential for eliciting this disorder in humans.
Isozymes of cyclic-3′,5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterases in renal epithelial LLC-PK1 cells

Isozymes of cyclic-3′,5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterases in renal epithelial LLC-PK 1 cells. Metabolism of cAMP and cGMP by the major types (families) of cyclic-3′,5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) was studied in confluent renal epithelial LLC-PK 1 cells grown in vitro. LLC-PK 1 cells mainly contain the cAMP-specific rolipram-sensitive PDE type-IV (PDE-IV), the Ca 2+ -calmodulin dependent PDE type-I and cGMP-specific PDE type-V; all these PDEs are mainly localized in cytqsol. Analysis of PDE activities in soluble extract of LLC-PK 1 cell homogenate by FPLC ionex chromatography on Mono-Q column also disclosed the presence of low activities of cGMP-stimulated PDE-II and PDE-III. Moreover, activity of PDE-IV was resolved into four distinct chromatographic peaks. The increase of cAMP level in response to incubation of intact LLC-PK 1 cells with vasopressin (AVP) was markedly enhanced in the presence of rolipram, but not in the presence of other PDE isozyme-specific inhibitors. Incubation with AVP and atrio-peptin (ANP) together resulted in increase in cGMP and a small decrease of cAMP accumulation in LLC-PK 1 cells. Results of these studies first show that the LLC-PK 1 cells contain all five major types of PDE isozymes where PDE-IV, PDE-I and PDE-V are quantitatively predominant. The rolipram-sensitive PDE-IV, present in several chro-matographically distinct forms, appears to be the key PDE isozyme involved in control of cAMP generated in response to stimulation by AVP in LLC-PK 1 cells.
Dithering in color simplexes

Monochrome dither halftoning is a gray-scale image rendering procedure where gray-levels in an image are compared against a periodic threshold array, placing a Black dot in every location whose gray-level is smaller than the corresponding threshold value. Current generalization to color printing result in Cartesian thresholding procedures, namely RGB values are compared component-wise to trivariate thresholds. In this report we develop a color dithering framework based on a non-Cartesian coordinate system. To this end we generalize multidimensional dithering in a non-separable manner, and define it only as a space-varying point- operator. Three dithering methods are proposed within this framework. The main advantage of simplex dither over the traditional Cartesian dither is that it allows the rendition of solid color patches while using no more than a preselected quadruple of colors, thereby enabling a reduction in halftone noise.
Effects of particle loading on a reduced pressure inductively coupled radio frequency plasma torch

Our previous attempts in the modeling of the heat transfer and fluid flow in radio frequency (RF) plasma torches considered dilute particle-loading conditions. It was assumed that the injected particles have no effect on the plasma temperature and velocity profiles. However, in practice, the plasma deposition process is carried out under fairly high loading conditions to achieve high energy efficiency. The plasma gas experiences significant local cooling and deceleration due to high particle injection rates. To this end, a numerical model has been developed which considers the coupling effects between the plasma temperature and velocity fields and injected particles. In this study, effort has been focused on the particle-loading effect in an inductively coupled RF plasma torch under a reduced pressure environment. The temperature and flow fields in an inductively coupled RF plasma torch are solved using an axisymmetric, variable property formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. Pseudo two-dimensional electrical and magnetic field equations were considered. In addition, an integral constraint condition is used to maintain a specified discharge power in the plasma torch. The interaction between the plasma gas and injected particles is considered using the well-known “Particle-Source-In-Cell” (PSI-Cell) method. The exchanged mass, momentum, and energy between the plasma gas and injected particles are accounted for through additional source terms in the governing equations. The effect of particle loading on the resulting torch flow, thermal profiles, and particle-melting characteristics are presented and discussed.
Comparison of High-Altitude Remote Aircraft Measurements with the Radar Structure of an Oklahoma Thunderstorm: Implications for Precipitation Estimation from Space

The present NASA ER-2 aircraft observations of an isolated group of thunderstorms over Oklahoma, encompassing passive radiometry in the visible, IR, and microwave portions of the spectrum obtained above the storm top, is compared with coincident data from two Doppler radars as well as aircraft-gathered in situ cloud top particle data. Reflectivity cores are found to be nearly colocated with cold anomalies in the microwave brightness temperature field. Theoretical considerations suggesting that microwave frequencies are sensitive to the deeper layer of large ice particles in the storm's convective region are supported.
A general scheme for modelling γ-ray burst prompt emission

We describe a general method for modelling γ-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission, and determine the range of magnetic field strength, electron energy, Lorentz factor of the source and the distance of the source from the central explosion that is needed to account for the prompt γ-ray emission of a typical long-duration burst. We find that for the burst to be produced via the synchrotron process unphysical conditions are required - the distance of the source from the centre of the explosion (R γ ) must be larger than ∼10 17 cm and the source Lorentz factor ≥10 3 ; for such a high Lorentz factor the deceleration radius (R d ) is less than Ry even if the number density of particles in the surrounding medium is as small as ∼0.1 cm -3 . The result, Ry > R d , is in contradiction with the early X-ray and optical afterglow data that show that γ-rays precede the afterglow flux that is produced by a decelerating forward shock. This problem for the synchrotron process applies to all long GRBs other than those that have the low-energy spectrum precisely ν -1/2 . In order for the synchrotron process to be a viable mechanism for long bursts, the energy of electrons radiating in the γ-ray band needs to be continuously replenished by some acceleration mechanism during much of the observed spike in GRB light curve - this is not possible if GRB-prompt radiation is produced in shocks (at least the kind that has been usually considered for GRBs) where particles are accelerated at the shock front and not as they travel downstream and emit γ-rays, but might work in some different scenarios such as magnetic outflows. The synchrotron-self-Compton (SSC) process fares much better. There is a large solution space for a typical GRB-prompt emission to be produced via the SSC process. The prompt optical emission accompanying the burst is found to be very bright (≤14 mag; for z ∼ 2) in the SSC model, which exceeds the observed flux (or upper limit) for most GRBs. The prompt optical is predicted to be even brighter for the subclass of bursts that have the spectrum f ν αν α with a ∼ 1 below the peak of νf ν . Surprisingly, there are no SSC solutions for bursts that have a ∼ 1/3; these bursts might require continuous or repeated acceleration of electrons or some physics beyond the simplified, although generic, SSC model considered in this work. Continuous acceleration of electrons can also significantly reduce the optical flux that would otherwise accompany γ-rays in the SSC model.
Deep-sea moorings in a tidal current

A taut mooring has been observed to experience two types of response to tidal forcing. Along the axis of maxiumum tidal current, the mooring displacement is roughly in phase with the tidal velocity; along the minor tidal zxis the mooring displacement lags the tidal velocity by roughly 90°, and thus is more nearly in phase with the tidal displacement. For a highly idealized model, the mooring response can be written as a function of two parameters: a dimensionless tidal frequency σ and a dimensionless tidal displacement amplitude α (hence velocity amplitude σα). The velocity response occurs for σ2α ⪡ 1 and the displacement response for σ2α ⪢ 1, contrary to observations. The mooring response can be reconciled with the observations by superposing a mean flow, which is more rapid than the tidal flow and is roughly in the direction of the minor tidal axis.
Peak Torque and Rotational Stiffness Developed at the Shoe-Surface Interface The Effect of Shoe Type and Playing Surface

BackgroundShoe-surface interactions have been implicated in the high number of noncontact knee injuries suffered by athletes at all levels.PurposeTo examine shoe-surface interactions on newer field designs and compare these with more traditional shoe-surface combinations. The peak torque and rotational stiffness (the rate at which torque is developed under rotation) were determined.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsA device was constructed to measure the torque versus applied rotation developed between different shoe-surface combinations. Data were collected on 5 different playing surfaces (natural grass, Astroturf, 2 types of Astroplay, and FieldTurf), using 2 types of shoes (grass and turf), under a compressive load of 333 N.ResultsThe highest peak torques were developed by the grass shoe–FieldTurf tray and the turf shoe–Astroturf field combinations. The lowest peak torques were developed on the grass field. The turf shoe–Astroturf combination exhibited a rotational stiffness nearly double ...
TU-F-12A-01: Quantitative Non-Linear Compartment Modeling of 89Zr- and 124I- Labeled J591 Monoclonal Antibody Kinetics Using Serial Non-Invasive Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in a Pre-Clinical Human Prostate Cancer Mouse Model

Purpose: To examine the binding kinetics of human IgG monoclonal antibody J591 which targets prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in a pre-clinical mouse cancer model using quantitative PET compartmental analysis of two radiolabeled variants. Methods: PSMA is expressed in normal human prostate, and becomes highly upregulated in prostate cancer, making it a promising therapeutic target. Two forms of J591, radiolabeled with either 8 9Zr or 12 4I, were prepared. 8 9Zr is a radiometal that becomes trapped in the cell upon internalization by the antigen-antibody complex, while radioiodine leaves the cell. Mice with prostate cancer xenografts underwent non-invasive serial imaging on a Focus 120 microPET up to 144 hours post-injection of J591. A non-linear compartmental model describing the binding and internalization of antibody in tumor xenograft was developed and applied to the PET-derived time-activity curves. The antibody-antigen association rate constant (ka), total amount of antigen per gram tumor (Ag_total), internalization rate of antibody-antigen complex, and efflux rate of radioisotope from tumor were fitted using the model. The surface-bound and the internalized activity were also estimated. Results: Values for ka, Ag_total, and internalization rate were found to be similar regardless of radiolabel payload used. The efflux rate, however, was ∼ 9-fold higher for 12 4I-J591 than for 8 9Zr-J591. Time-dependent surface-bound and internalized radiotracer activity were similar for both radiolabels at early times post-injection, but clearly differed beyond 24 hours. Conclusion: Binding and internalization of J591 to PSMA-expressing tumor xenografts were similar when radiolabeled with either 8 9Zr or 12 4I payload. The difference in efflux of radioactivity from tumor may be attributable to differential biological fate intracellularly of the radioisotopes. This has great significance for radioimmunotherapy and antibody-drug conjugates. Further exploration using the model will examine binding and radioisotope residence as antibody dose is increased to antigen saturation. The Center for Targeted Radioimmunotherapy and Theranostics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), NIH (R25-CA096945). Technical services provided by the MSK Small-Animal Imaging Core Facility were supported by the NIH (R24-CA83084, P30-CA08748, and P50-CA92629; Zanzonico). NCI, Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparity (R21 CA153177-03; Osborne).
PREDICTING GLAUCOMA PROGRESSION USING DECISION TREES FOR CLUSTERED DATA BY GOODNESS OF SPLIT

Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive and potentially blinding condition. Predicting which patients will experience significant progression is recognized as a crucially needed development in the management of this disease. Application of the CART (Classification And Regression Trees) methodology has demonstrated that certain patterns of visual field findings may convey greater predictive information for glaucoma progression. However, the current standard classification tree method was developed for uncorrelated data. In this article a classification tree method is extended to correlated binary data. The robust Wald test statistic from generalized estimating equations (GEE) is used to measure the between-node difference while adjusting for correlation between the eyes of a patient. The proposed method is assessed through simulations conducted under a variety of model configurations and is used to analyze the perimetry and psychophysics in glaucoma (PPIG) study data. Employing an amalgamation algorithm from the result of a best-sized tree, each eye is classified to one of two prognosis categories (less likely, or more likely, to progress). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) indicate that the proposed method, applied to data from both eyes of the same patient, provides much improved prediction accuracy compared with application of standard CART method to the same PPIG data.
Wide excision and primary closure in pilonidal disease. Report of a case complicated by squamous cell carcinoma.

The rare incidence of malignant change in pilonidal disease cannot be explained. A squamous cell epithelioma was detected by biopsy in the case reported herewith. The operation of wide excision and primary closure was apparently successful in this case when other methods failed, but this does not indicate the advantage of one procedure over another. The previous surgery had been done in a different era of pilonidal surgery. The wound healed by first intention and, of even more importance, it has remained healed beyond the arbitrary five-year period.
Smart Turbomachines Using Active Magnetic Bearings

Due to the convergence of several key technologies, direct driven (i.e. gearless) turbomachines have become established solutions for specific applications. Magnetic bearings are a key element enabling such machine topologies, which has led to increased interest and also understanding of manufacturers and end customers of this technology. Whereas the key benefit of magnetic bearings — contactless levitation — is well known, the fact that using magnetic bearings turns a classic turbomachine into a state-of-the-art mechatronic system with a host of additional possibilities is still not widely accepted. This paper presents the applications, advantages and benefits of enhancing a basic magnetic bearing system by a measurement function that makes full use of magnetic bearings’ built-in instrumentation.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Reasoning with semantics-aware access control policies for geospatial web services

A major obstacle on the way to the successful deployment and operation of Web services on a larger scale is a lack of sophisticated semantics model to represent and communicate the data. To solve the problem, semantics-aware Web services have been proposed. The other major huddle for Web services is the security architecture. Adding semantics to data adds an extra level of security vulnerability because there is scope for rouge agents to retrieve data that are not explicit in the original sources. Our goal is to propose and implement a security framework to thwart such security problems. Not only that, additionally, we demonstrate that proposed semantics can be utilized to cover security instances that would be impossible to achieve in semantics-unaware environment. We define a modular access control policy framework in the context of geospatial data integration platforms. Geospatial semantic Web services can employ the framework to enforce resource access and intelligently make decisions about policy rules. Our framework allows reasoning capabilities at both the resource enforcement point and service discovery point.