cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive Functioning Mediates the Prospective Association of Birth Weight With Youth ADHD Symptoms

Although birth weight is a potential causal risk factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, both the specificity of this association and its mediating pathways are largely unknown. We carefully assessed youth with and without ADHD (i.e., Wave 1), and followed them prospectively for 2 years (i.e., Wave 2). We (a) tested the association of birth weight with Wave 2 ADHD symptoms, and (b) evaluated biologically plausible neurocognitive functions from Wave 1 as temporally ordered mediators of birth weight and Wave 2 ADHD symptoms in a multiple mediation framework. At Wave 1, 222 ethnically diverse youth (30% female; ages 5-10) completed the Digit Span, Vocabulary, Symbol Search, and Arithmetic subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. At both Wave 1 and Wave 2 (ages 7-13), multiple informants (i.e., parents, teachers) rated youth ADHD symptoms and co-occurring psychopathology using multiple methods (i.e., structured interview, rating scale). Controlling for demographic factors, gestational age, and co-occurring externalizing and internalizing psychopathology, birth weight inversely predicted Wave 2 ADHD symptoms across multiple methods and informants. Additionally, controlling for Wave 1 ADHD symptoms and relevant covariates, Wave 1 Arithmetic uniquely mediated the association of birth weight with multi-method/informant Wave 2 ADHD symptoms. These findings suggest that birth weight is a relatively specific risk factor for youth ADHD symptoms and they implicate individual differences in fluid reasoning as a preliminary causal mediator of this association. We discuss implications for future research evaluating causal mechanisms underlying risk factors for ADHD.
Examination of Cattle and Ovine Numbers in Turkey with Some Regression Models

In this study, the analysis of cattle and ovine numbers in Turkeywas made by using some regression models. Among all models belong to animal numbers; cubical regression model that has the highest R 2 and Adj-R 2 values was selected as the optimal model. Estimation of animal numbers was made for 2016-2020 period, based on cubical regression model. The number of animals is estimated to increase in upcoming years.
Affect and Experience: Case Studies in Games and Test-Taking

The format of conventional assessments (e.g., multiple-choice) can often make it difficult for students to be motivated or engaged, which can also make it difficult for students to perform to the best of their ability. Game-based assessments (GBA) are a new type of assessment that has been designed to address this issue. We conducted an in-depth investigation of four case studies of user experience during a GBA. The GBA was manipulated in order to investigate whether certain game features (length, feedback) impacted the user experience. The case studies revealed unique patterns in user experience for moment-to-moment changes in enjoyment and frustration. These patterns suggest that GBAs could be utilized to create both a more positive test-taking experience and offer the opportunity for students to perform to the best of their ability.
Reacting to the Past: An Introduction to Its Scholarly Foundation

The volume co-editors chronicle the pedagogical theories and educational research into active learning that create a compelling argument for the RTTP approach. Beyond the current research trends and emerging patterns of instructional innovation in American higher education, the work of Piaget, Bruner, and Vygotsky are discussed, as well as the role of feedback in the learning process. The authors chronicle relevant research regarding active learning calling on the most recent meta-analyses of active learning research and the scholarship on game-based active learning. Ultimately, an examination of RTTP’s history and design to capitalize on what social constructivism recommends and on what previous active learning research suggests is provided. That little research has been performed to date that specifically explores various impact metrics fostered by RTTP establishes the need for this volume and sets the stage for the eight studies that follow.
A Manganese-based Alternative to Gadolinium: Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography, Excretion, Pharmacokinetics, and Metabolism.

Mn-PyC3A is a newly developed manganese-based MR imaging contrast agent that produces comparable MR angiographic contrast enhancement to the commercially available gadolinium-based contrast agent gadopentetate dimeglumine in a baboon model at 3.0 T, is cleared via a mixed renal and hepatobiliary pathway, and is rapidly excreted without any observable metabolism.
The effects of lifestyle changes on serum lipid levels in children in a real life setting

Objective Studies have shown improvement in lipid levels after institution of lifestyle changes in children enrolled in closely monitored programs. There programs are difficult to mimic in real world clinics. We aim to determine if diet and exercise result in improvement in lipid levels in patients seen in a designated lipid clinic in a real life setting. Design Retrospective review of patients followed for dyslipidemia at the Texas Children's Hospital Lipid Clinic from May 1, 2012 to May 1, 2015. Patients included were seen more than once, had repeat lipid testing, and abnormal baseline lipid levels. Multivariate analysis using mixed models were performed to compare outcomes in patients who did and did not participate in lifestyle change. Results Of the 268 patients seen within the study period, 174 (56% male, 44% female) met inclusion criteria. Median age was 11 years. Compared to patients who did not make lifestyle changes: patients who made only diet changes demonstrated significant improvement in weight only (slope = −1.55, P-value = .014), and those who made only exercise changes demonstrated significant improvements in serum cholesterol (slope = −22.8, P-value = .017) and non-HDL cholesterol (slope = −28.7, P-value = < .01) levels. Patients who participated in both diet and exercise demonstrated significant improvement in weight (slope = −1.13, P-value = .011), diastolic blood pressure (slope = −1.82, P-value = < .01), and serum lipid levels: LDL (slope = −10.8, P-value = 0.017), HDL (slope = 1.52, P-value = .24), Triglycerides (slope = −0.11, P-value = .033) compared to those who did not make lifestyle changes. Conclusions Outpatient management of dyslipidemia is difficult. Only patients who participated in both diet and exercise showed significant improvement in outcomes when compared to those who did not make lifestyle changes.
Employment and Other Income Sources Among Homeless Youth

Homeless youth report high rates of unemployment. While homeless serving agencies usually offer employment services, most homeless youth are disengaged from homeless service agencies, and a limited number of studies have examined employment and other income sources among service disconnected youth. Our study examined income sources and change in income among service disconnected youth, all of whom received Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy (SBOA, N = 79). Findings revealed that over time employment and legal income from non-survival behaviors increased (e.g., governmental assistance and receiving income from friends and relatives), while income from survival behaviors decreased (e.g., prostitution, stealing, selling possessions, selling blood or plasma). Although unemployment among these youth remained high (62%), income from survival behaviors reduced most drastically. Findings also suggest that employment is linked to housing stability and mental health, as is substance use and income, which suggests that mental health, housing, and substance use treatment services are important components in income stabilization for homeless youth.
Monitoring food safety by detecting patterns in consumer complaints

EPFC (Emerging Patterns in Food Complaints) is the analytical component of the Consumer Complaint Monitoring System, designed to help the food safety officials to efficiently and effectively monitor incoming reports of adverse effects of food on its consumers. These reports, collected in a passive surveillance mode, contain multi-dimensional, heterogeneous and sparse snippets of spedfic information about the consumers' demographics, the kinds, brands and sources of the food involved, symptoms of possible sickness, characteristics of foreign objects which could have been found in food, involved locations and times of occurrences, etc. Statistical data mining component of the system empowers its users, allowing for increased accuracy, specificity and timeliness of detection of naturally occurring problems as well as of potential acts of agro-terrorism. The system's main purpose is to enhance discovery and mitigation of food borne threats to public health in the USDA Food Safety Inspection Service regulated products. As such, it is being envisioned as one of the key components of the nationwide biosecurity protection infrastructure. It has been accepted for use and it is currently going through the final stages of deployment. This paper explains the motivation, key design concepts and reports the system's utility and performance observed so far.
Learning basis functions in hybrid domains

Markov decision processes (MDPs) with discrete and continuous state and action components can be solved efficiently by hybrid approximate linear programming (HALP). The main idea of the approach is to approximate the optimal value function by a Set of basis functions and optimize their weights by linear programming. The quality of this approximation naturally depends on its basis functions. However, basis functions leading to good approximations are rarely known in advance. In this paper, we propose a new approach that discovers these functions automatically. The method relies on a class of parametric basis function models, which are optimized using the dual formulation of a relaxed HALP. We demonstrate the performance of our method on two hybrid optimization problems and compare it to manually selected basis functions.
The Piping Plover as an Umbrella Species for the Barrier Beach Ecosystem

Conservation of federally threatened Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) on the Atlantic Coast has contributed greatly to the overall conservation of the barrier beach ecosystem. From the northernmost nesting pairs in maritime Canada to the southernmost wintering individuals in the Caribbean islands, biologists deploy above average resources and effort to locate, map, and conserve this species and its habitats. Efforts to protect Piping Plovers benefit other beach-nesting birds, migrating and wintering shorebirds, threatened and endangered species, and barrier beach fauna and flora. Over the past twenty or more years of targeted Piping Plover conservation efforts, both the target species and its associates have increased dramatically at key sites throughout its range. The history of Piping Plover and barrier beach conservation in Massachusetts and the management techniques developed there serve as a model for the National Audubon Society’s Coastal Bird Conservation Program as it promotes and develops similar conservation measures for beach-nesting birds and barrier beach habitats throughout North America.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BACTERIA

This chapter discusses the chemical composition of bacteria. Under any conditions of growth, protein is a major component of the bacterial cell. Several bacterial proteins have been isolated in pure or crystalline form. The chapter presents epsilon-N-methyl lysine, which is an amino acid that has so far been found only in bacterial flagella. All other amino acids identified in hydrolysates of bacterial proteins are conventional amino acids of the L series. Hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline, which are limited to collagen type proteins, have not been detected in bacterial proteins. D-amino acids have also not been found in bacterial proteins but have been found in the cell wall mucopeptide of bacteria, in capsules of Bacillus species, and in antibiotics produced by bacteria and other organisms. The existence of certain classes of conjugated proteins such as phosphoproteins and glycoproteins has not been established for bacteria. If lipoprotein exists in bacteria, it probably exists in the cell membrane as this structure is known to contain large amounts of both lipid and protein. Conjugated proteins that have been studied in bacteria are mainly enzymes that participate in electron transport pathways.
Home Practice Learning Intervention

Having identified situations (the variables) to which one responds with a decrease in hand temperature, one may then learn to inhibit this automatic (unconscious) response. The objective of the following home practice is to develop this ability to keep the hands warm both in anticipation of and during a situation that previously was associated with a decrease in hand temperature.
Third-Order Frequency-Resolved Photon Correlations in Resonance Fluorescence

Recently, the concept of an ''$N$-photon spectrum'' -- a spectrally resolved $N$-photon correlation function -- has been introduced as an innovative quantum optics characterization tool that uniquely reveals information about pathways underlying the generation of light in a given source. Here, the authors investigate experimentally the three-photon spectrum of resonance fluorescence from a single semiconductor quantum dot. The observations agree with previous theoretical work, revealing significantly more pronounced photon antibunching at the Mollow triplet sidebands and more strongly correlated emission through virtual states compared to the two-photon counterpart.
UNIT 4.29 Overview of Gene Targeting by Homologous Recombination

The analysis of mutant organisms and cell lines is important in determining the function of specific proteins. Recent technological advances in gene targeting by homologous recombination in mammalian systems enable the production of mutants in any desired gene, and can be used to produce mutant mouse strains and mutant cell lines. The yeast Flp/FRT recombinase system and bacteriophage recombinases such as Cre and its recognition sequence, loxP, allow spatial and temporal control of knockouts. This unit discusses crucial issues for homologous recombination experiments, including requirements for the source of DNA, criteria for the targeting constructs, methods of enrichment for homologous recombinants, (positive and negative selection, and the use of endogenous promoters), and the types of mutations that can be created. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 40:4.29.1-4.29.13. © by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: Cre-loxP; FlP/FRT; recombinase; mammalian; phenotypic selection; homologous recombination; mutation
When Responses Cannot Be Written Down: Video Submission Possibilities in the Music Classroom:

This article gives a brief overview of Flipgrid and Seesaw, two free platforms that allow for video responses to prompts provided by the teacher. Flipgrid allows students to see other students’ sub...
Prediction of pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in women aged 40 and over with basal uterine artery pulsatility index.

Purpose: The purpose was to determine the effect of basaluterine perfusion on the pregnancy rates of in vitro fertilizationand embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in women aged 40 and above. Methods: A total of 47 patient aged 40 and over underwentIVF-ET. The conception cycles and the nonconception cycleswere compared. Results: Of the 47 patients, 4 patients were pregnant (8.5%).The mean age, basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),basal estradiol (E2) level, antral follicle count (AFC), numberof ampoules of gonadotropin used, E2 levels and endometrial thickness on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG) administration, number of retrieved and fertilizedoocytes, and number of transferred embryos were not statisticallysignificant between the conception and nonconceptioncycles. However, the basal uterine artery pulsatility index(UA PI) was significantly lower in the conception cycles(P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC)curve analysis for basal FSH, AFC, and basal UA PI inpredicting the pregnancy rate of IVF in patients aged ≥ 40were demonstrated. The best prediction rate was achievedby a pulsatility index cutoff of < 2.0 for a receptive uterus. Conclusions: Increased uterine perfusion in the early follicularphase enhanced the pregnancy rate of IVF in womenaged 40 and above. It is therefore essential that patientsaged ≥ 40 with poor basal uterine perfusion should beidentified early in the early follicular phase of the menstrualcycle to apply appropriate intervention to improve the uterinecirculation for the subsequent chance of pregnancy.
Automating Ischemic Stroke Subtype Classification Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing.

Abstract Objective: The manual adjudication of disease classification is time-consuming, error-prone, and limits scaling to large datasets. In ischemic stroke (IS), subtype classification is critical for management and outcome prediction. This study sought to use natural language processing of electronic health records (EHR) combined with machine learning methods to automate IS subtyping. Methods: Among IS patients from an observational registry with TOAST subtyping adjudicated by board-certified vascular neurologists, we analyzed unstructured text-based EHR data including neurology progress notes and neuroradiology reports using natural language processing. We performed several feature selection methods to reduce the high dimensionality of the features and 5-fold cross validation to test generalizability of our methods and minimize overfitting. We used several machine learning methods and calculated the kappa values for agreement between each machine learning approach to manual adjudication. We then performed a blinded testing of the best algorithm against a held-out subset of 50 cases. Results: Compared to manual classification, the best machine-based classification achieved a kappa of .25 using radiology reports alone, .57 using progress notes alone, and .57 using combined data. Kappa values varied by subtype being highest for cardioembolic (.64) and lowest for cryptogenic cases (.47). In the held-out test subset, machine-based classification agreed with rater classification in 40 of 50 cases (kappa .72). Conclusions: Automated machine learning approaches using textual data from the EHR shows agreement with manual TOAST classification. The automated pipeline, if externally validated, could enable large-scale stroke epidemiology research.
Participação Social na Construção do PPA 2014-2017 de Ijuí/RS

O orcamento publico e um dos instrumentos utilizados pela Administracao Publica para garantir o atendimento das demandas sociais. Entretanto, para que estas demandas sejam conhecidas do Poder Publico, torna-se necessaria a participacao da sociedade nos eventos publicos destinados a discussao para elaboracao dos instrumentos orcamentarios. Este artigo realiza um apanhado teorico sobre conceitos pertinentes ao tema, realizando inclusive o estudo da participacao social na elaboracao do PPA 2014-2017 do Municipio de Ijui, Rio Grande do Sul. Para enriquecer a abordagem da pesquisa, foram aplicados questionarios online, buscando identificar a relacao entre os cidadaos ijuienses e Administracao Publica municipal. Foi possivel perceber a falta de interesse dos individuos em relacao a participacao em eventos destinados a discussoes publicas sobre o processo de elaboracao do orcamento municipal e, neste sentido, ao final deste estudo sao realizadas proposicoes, que poderao auxiliar na construcao de uma consciencia coletiva acerca da relevância da participacao social na construcao dos instrumentos de planejamento e orcamento.Palavras-chave: Gestao Municipal. Orcamento Publico. Participacao Social.AbstractPublic budget is one of the instruments used by public authorities to ensure the fulfillment of social demands. However, so that such these demands are known to the government, it is necessary the society’s participation in public events in order to dialogue about thebudget instruments preparation. This article makes a theoretical overview of relevant concepts to the topic, besides carrying out the study of social participation in the PPA 2014-2017 preparation in the City of Ijui, Rio Grande do Sul. To enrich the research approach, online questionnaires were performed in order to identify the relationship between Ijui city’s dweller citizens and public administration. It was possible to notice the lack of individuals interest regarding the= participation in events aimed at public discussions on the preparation of the municipal budget process and therefore, the end of this study makes proposals that can assist in building a collective awareness on the social participation relevance in the construction of planning and budget tools.Keywords: Municipal Management. Public Budget. Social Participation.
Nursing care of neurological patients with a permanent cavity filter to prevent pulmonary embolism

Objective To evaluate the neurological deep venous thrombosis in patients with permanent cava filter to prevent pulmonary embolism and explore the nursing character.Methods In our hospital from October 2005 to November 2009 neurological patients admitted in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis, select one of 60 cases to use permanent cavity filter. Nursing care, operation and follow-up data were analyzed.Results All 60 patients have successful filter placement, no acute thrombosis occurred without symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Follow up 1 to 36 months, and no filter migration occurred with serious complications.Conclusions For the patients not able to receive anticoagulant therapy for neurological deep venous thrombosis, permanent cava filter implantation is a safe and effective preventive measure to prevent pulmonary embolism occurred. Key words: Neurosurgery; Pulmonary embolism; Venous thrombosis; Vena cava filter
Plasma Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Assay for Identifying Pathogens: a Retrospective Review of Test Utilization in a Large Children's Hospital.

Introduction: Plasma metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) is a newer diagnostic method used to potentially identify multiple pathogens with a single DNA-based diagnostic test. The test is expensive, and little is understood about where it fits in the diagnostic schema. We describe our experience at Texas Children9s Hospital with the mNGS assay by Karius from Redwood, CA to determine if mNGS offers additional diagnostic value when performed within one week before or after conventional testing (CT) (i.e. concurrently). Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who had mNGS testing from April to June of 2019. Results for mNGS testing, collection time, result time into the electronic medical record, and turnaround time were compared to CT performed concurrently. Discordant results were further reviewed for changes in antimicrobials due to the additional organism(s) identified by mNGS. Results: Sixty patients had mNGS testing; the majority were immunosuppressed (62%). There was 61% positive agreement and 58% negative agreement between mNGS and CT. The mean result time in the electronic medical record for CT was 3.5 days earlier than the mean result time for mNGS. When additional organism(s) were identified by mNGS, antimicrobials were changed 26% of the time. Conclusion: On average, CT provided the same result sooner compared to mNGS. When additional organisms were identified by mNGS there was no change in management in the majority of cases. Overall, mNGS added little diagnostic value when ordered concurrently with CT.
Tsing Hua University’s ALPS / LYRA / ARYL System

Tsing Hua University’s synthesis system includes scheduling (ALPS) and data path synthesis (LYRA and ARYL).
Farmers’ Protest: From Local Clubs to Third-Party Politics, 1830–1900

This chapter highlights how farmers’ protests and collective actions changed form over the course of the latter half of the nineteenth century. This chapter focuses specifically on the transformation of Midwestern farmers’ collective actions from local claim clubs to more organized movements, including the Grange and the nationally networked Farmers’ Alliance, the latter of which helped support the famous Populist campaign, one of the most successful third-party movements in U.S. history. These changes illustrate not only how farmers altered their actions based on the success and failures of creating social change, but also reflected the changing patterns of their everyday lives and their own self-understandings as a community and economic group.
How people perceive different types of social media screening and their behavioral intention to pursue employment

Abstract The majority of hiring companies use social media content to screen job applicants. How social media content is used in hiring decisions creates different perceptions and influences applicants’ behavioral intentions to pursue employment with the company. This experimental study investigated how people responded to different types of social media screening policies. Social media policy perception (SMPP) and behavioral intention to pursue employment (BIPE) scales were developed for this study and the psychometric properties of each scale are presented. Our results indicated that participants’ SMPP mediated the relation between the types of social media screening policies and BIPE. SMPP strongly influenced BIPE. The policy in which the company screens professional social media content produced the best perceptions. The policy in which the company screens professional and personal social media content produced negative perceptions. The policy in which the company requires people to disclose their social media usernames and passwords produced the worst perceptions. Requiring people to disclose their social media usernames and passwords produced low BIPE regardless of their level of agreeableness whereas screening only professional social media content produced higher BIPE for agreeable people. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Recent Approaches to the Definition and Measurement of Compactness

The aim of this essay is to consider recent developments in the measurement of compactness for purposes of redistricting. Compactness of districts is one of the four redistricting criteria most often found in state constitutions (Kim and Chen, 2021). But the plethora of compactness measures continues to lead to dispute about how best to interpret such provisions since, in the vast majority of cases, no specific measurement rule is specified in the constitution. Here, we review the traditional measures of district compactness, usually based on the shape of the district, graph-theory based measures that have been introduced over the previous decade, a new measure that uses deep learning to quantify human conceptions of compactness, and finally a measure under development that is based on transportation networks. We also reiterate what we believe is the intent of compactness criteria, namely, representational benefits.
Prospective Comparison of Synthesized Mammography with DBT and Full-Field Digital Mammography with DBT Uncovers Recall Disagreements That may Impact Cancer Detection.

Rationale and Objectives Synthesized mammography with digital breast tomosynthesis (SM+DBT) and full-field digital mammography with DBT were prospectively evaluated for recall rate (RR), cancer detection rate (CDR), positive predictive value 1 (PPV1), lesion recall differences, and disagreements in recall for additional imaging. Materials and Methods From December 15, 2015 to January 15, 2017, after informed consent was obtained for this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant study, each enrolled patient's SM+DBT and FFDM+DBT were interpreted sequentially by one of eight radiologists. RR, CDR, PPV1, and imaging findings (asymmetry, focal asymmetry, mass, architectural distortion, and calcifications) recalled were reviewed. Results For SM+DBT and FFDM+DBT in 1022 patients, RR was 7.3% and 7.9% (SM+DBT vs. FFDM+DBT: diff= −0.6%; 90% CI= −1.4%, 0.1%); CDR was 6.8 and 7.8 per 1000 (SM+DBT vs. FFDM+DBT: diff= −1.0, 95% CI= −5.5, 2.8, p = 0.317); PPV1 was 9.3% and 9.9% (relative positive predictive value for SM+DBT vs. FFDM+DBT: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.73–1.22, p = 0.669). FFDM+DBT detected eight cancers; SM+DBT detected seven (missed 1 cancer with calcifications). SM+DBT and FFDM+DBT disagreed on patient recall for additional imaging in 19 patients, with majority (68%, 13/19 patients) in the recall of patients for calcifications. For calcifications, SM+DBT recalled six patients that FFDM+DBT did not recall, and FFDM+DBT recalled seven patients that SM+DBT did not recall, even though the total number of calcifications finding recalled was similar overall for both SM+DBT and FFDM+DBT. Conclusion Disagreement in recall of patients for calcifications may impact cancer detection by SM+DBT, warranting further investigation.
Building Biologically-Inspired Self-Adapting Systems

Biological systems are far more complex than systems we design and build today. The human body alone has orders of magnitude more complexity than our most-intricate designed systems. Further, biological systems are decentralized in such a way that allows them to benefit from built-in error-correction, fault tolerance, and scalability. It follows that if we can extract certain properties of biological systems and inject them into our software design process, we may be able to build complex self-adaptive software systems. Biological systemsA¢â‚¬â„¢ complexity makes them not only desirable to guide software design, but also difficult to fully understand. Thus one approach to building software similar to biological systems is by first building models of biology that we can understand. Then these models can guide the high-level design, or architecture of the software systems, resulting in systems that retain the modelA¢â‚¬â„¢s fault tolerance, scalability, and other properties. I present a general outline of how one might use biology to create a model to guide the architecture of a software system, and develop one such model and the resulting architectural style, the tile style, for computational systems that can use a large distributed network of computers, such as the internet, to solve computationally-intensive problems in a discreet, fault-tolerant, and scalable manner.
In vitro fertilization outcomes and alcohol consumption in at-risk drinkers: the effects of a randomized intervention.

Alcohol use affects many aspects of reproduction in women. Moderate alcohol use (≥ 5 drinks/ week) has been associated with nearly a four-fold increase in risk of first trimester spontaneous abortion (SAB).1 Three or more episodes of binge drinking (≥ 5 drinks/episode) has been associated with an increased risk of fetal death (≥ 22 weeks gestation) and ≥ 5 drinks/week associated 3 times greater risk of fetal death (at ≥ 28 weeks).2, 3 Two studies report on the effects of alcohol use on in vitro fertilization (IVF). Klonoff-Cohen et al. found that 1 drink/day was associated with fewer oocytes retrieved, an increased risk of not becoming pregnant if they drank during the month before the attempt, and an increased risk of miscarriage if they drank 1 week before IVF.4 A more recent prospective cohort study demonstrated that women drinking at least 4 drinks/week had a 16% decrease in the odds of a live birth, but was not associated with increased odds of SAB.5 Many women stop using alcohol when they are pregnant. For those with alcohol addiction, brief interventions have proven to be successful. Pregnant women had a greater decrease in alcohol use and were more likely to be abstinent by the 3rd trimester in a brief intervention program compared to women who only had an alcohol assessment.6, 7 Due to the high costs of IVF (in terms of time, money, and emotional stress), it is critical that each cycle be optimized. Furthermore, alcohol cessation should be encouraged in the IVF population, in preparation for pregnancy. In this study, our objective was to determine if there were differences in IVF outcomes and alcohol use parameters among at-risk drinkers randomized to a brief intervention (BI) vs. assessment only (AO).
Preparation for Nonteaching Professionals

(1975). Preparation for Nonteaching Professionals. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 38-38.
Age-associated alterations in CD8α+ dendritic cells impair CD8 T-cell expansion in response to an intracellular bacterium

Age-associated decline in immunity to infection has been documented across multiple pathogens, yet the relative contributions of the aged priming environment and of lymphocyte-intrinsic defects remain unclear. To address the impact of the aging environment on T-cell priming, adult naive OT-I TCR transgenic CD8 T cells, specific for the H-2Kb-restricted immunodominant OVA(257-264) epitope, were transferred into adult or old recipient mice infected with the recombinant intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes carrying the chicken ovalbumin protein (Lm-OVA). We consistently found that adult OT-I CD8 expansion was reduced in aged recipient mice, and this correlated with numeric, phenotypic, and functional defects selectively affecting CD8α+ dendritic cells (DC). Following Lm-OVA infection, aged mice failed to accumulate CD8α+ DC in the spleen, and these cells expressed much lower levels of critical costimulatory molecules in the first three days following infection. Further, aged CD8α+ DC showed impaired uptake of the bacteria at very early time points following infection. Treatment of aged mice with Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) improved the number of DC present in the spleen prior to Lm-OVA infection, and improved, but did not reconstitute, OT-I expansion to Lm-OVA infection. These results suggest that age-associated changes in antigen uptake, pathogen sensing, and/or antigen presentation contribute to impaired adaptive immune responses to microbial pathogens with aging.
Genetics and fair use codes for electronic information

This paper concerns the deficiencies of currently accepted principles governing the fair use of electronically recorded data when applied to genetic information. Principles are proposed by which to deal with the unique group-characteristics of genetic information.
Regulation of the elongating nerve fiber.

Publisher Summary This chapter addresses the general question of how growing nerve fibers may be governed by both intracellular properties and extracellular cues and how the activities of these fibers may be important to the development of the nervous system. It focuses on Harrison's original speculations on the significance of the growth cone and its two modes of regulation. The chapter highlights the morphology of nerve fibers and growth cones. When fragments of nervous tissue are dissociated into suspensions of single cells and then cultured under appropriate conditions, one can initially observe cells of different types. Nonneuronal cells, which may include several varieties of supportive cells, generally assume a fibroblastic or epithelial morphology. Freshly dissociated neurons, however, are distinctly different in morphology, appearing smooth and round or ovoid in contour, with a large, often eccentrically placed nucleus and perhaps one or more stubs of nerve fibers broken during the process of dissociation. Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of neuronal behavior has been discussed.
An intuitive and efficient approach to integrated modelling and control of three-dimensional vibration in long shafts

A nonlinear three-dimensional bond graph-based shaft model is presented, in which axial, torsional, and lateral vibrations can be predicted along with contact with external objects. Rigid lumped segments with six degrees of freedom are connected by axial, torsional, shear, and bending springs to approximate continuous system response. Parasitic springs and dampers enforce boundary conditions, contact forces are generated with stiff springs, and sliding friction forces during contact are incorporated using coordinate transformations and dynamic Coulomb friction. The model is easily reconfigurable for different boundary conditions, and the bond graph formalism facilitates the inclusion of (semi-)active control submodels such as electromechanical actuators or dampers. Simulations of a rotating 80-metre oilwell drillstring show realistic axial, torsional and lateral vibration. Active lateral vibration control is implemented, with a proportional controller acting on strain gauge output to attenuate vibration and reduce wellbore contact.
Improving early clinical trial phase identification of promising therapeutics

This review addresses decision-making underlying the frequent failure to confirm early-phase positive trial results and how to prioritize which early agents to transition to late phase. While unexpected toxicity is sometimes responsible for late-phase failures, lack of efficacy is also frequently found. In stroke as in other conditions, early trials often demonstrate imbalances in factors influencing outcome. Other issues complicate early trial analysis, including unequally distributed noise inherent in outcome measures and variations in natural history among studies. We contend that statistical approaches to correct for imbalances and noise, while likely valid for homogeneous conditions, appear unable to accommodate disease complexity and have failed to correctly identify effective agents. While blinding and randomization are important to reduce selection bias, these methods appear insufficient to insure valid conclusions. We found potential sources of analytical errors in nearly 90% of a sample of early stroke trials. To address these issues, we recommend changes in early-phase analysis and reporting: (1) restrict use of statistical correction to studies where the underlying assumptions are validated, (2) select dichotomous over continuous outcomes for small samples, (3) consider pooled samples to model natural history to detect early therapeutic signals and increase the likelihood of replication in larger samples, (4) report subgroup baseline conditions, (5) consider post hoc methods to restrict analysis to subjects with an appropriate match, and (6) increase the strength of effect threshold given these cumulative sources of noise and potential errors. More attention to these issues should lead to better decision-making regarding selection of agents to proceed to pivotal trials.
Multivariate Stochastic Process Models for Correlated Responses of Mixed Type

We propose a new model for correlated outputs of mixed type, such as continuous and binary outputs, with a particular focus on joint regression and classification, motivated by an application in constrained optimization for com- puter simulation modeling. Our framework is based upon multivariate stochastic processes, extending Gaussian process methodology for modeling of continuous multivariate spatial outputs by adding a latent process structure that allows for joint modeling of a variety of types of correlated outputs. In addition, we imple- ment fully Bayesian inference using particle learning, which allows us to conduct fast sequential inference. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed meth- ods on both synthetic examples and a real world hydrology computer experiment optimization problem where it is helpful to model the black box objective function as correlated with satisfaction of the constraint.
Extended supramolecular [3×3] Mn9 grid arrays organized by Ag(I) and Au(III) — structural and magnetic properties

A square [3×3] Mn(II)9 supramolecular grid complex with appended ligand SEt groups provides a focus for extended molecular organization through outer-sphere interactions with soft metal ions. React...
Old Communication, New Literacies: Social Network Sites as Social Learning Resources

This study examined the role of a social network site (SNS) in the lives of 11 high school teenagers from low-income families in the U.S. We conducted interviews, talk-alouds and content analysis of MySpace profiles. Qualitative analysis of these data revealed three themes. First, SNSs facilitated emotional support, helped maintain relationships, and provided a platform for self-presentation. Second, students used their online social network to fulfill essential social learning functions. Third, within their SNS, students engaged in a complex array of communicative and creative endeavors. In several instances, students' use of social network sites demonstrated the new literacy practices currently being discussed within education reform efforts. Based on our findings, we suggest additional directions for related research and educational practices.
The level of HER2 expression is a predictor of antibody-HER2 trafficking behavior in cancer cells

The receptor tyrosine kinase HER2 is known to play a central role in mitogenic signaling, motivating the development of targeted, HER2-specific therapies. However, despite the longstanding use of antibodies to target HER2, controversies remain concerning antibody/HER2 trafficking behavior in cancer cells. Understanding this behavior has direct relevance to the mechanism of action and effective design of such antibodies. In the current study, we analyzed the intracellular dynamics of trastuzumab, a marketed HER2-targeting antibody, in a panel of breast and prostate cancer cell lines that have a wide range of HER2 expression levels. Our results reveal distinct post-endocytic trafficking behavior of antibody-HER2 complexes in cells with different HER2 expression levels. In particular, HER2-overexpressing cells exhibit efficient HER2 recycling and limited reductions in HER2 levels upon antibody treatment, and consequently display a high level of antibody persistence on their plasma membrane. By contrast, in cells with low HER2 expression, trastuzumab treatment results in rapid antibody clearance from the plasma membrane combined with substantial decreases in HER2 levels and undetectable levels of recycling. A cell line with intermediate levels of HER2 expression exhibits both antibody recycling and clearance from the cell surface. Significantly, these analyses demonstrate that HER2 expression levels, rather than cell origin (breast or prostate), is a determinant of subcellular trafficking properties. Such studies have relevance to optimizing the design of antibodies to target HER2.
Coupling of the sedimentary sulfur and carbon cycles - an improved model.

A model of the geochemical cycles of sulfur and carbon during Phanerozoic time makes it possible to compute the masses of the major sedimentary reservoirs, their fluxes in and out of the ocean, and their isotopic compositions both forward and backward in time. An important conclusion of the model, despite these caveats, is that the exogenic geochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur can be, to a reasonable good first approximation, treated as a closed system. The dominant redox system of the exogenic cycle is the complementary sulfide-sulfate-carbonate-organic carbon relation.--Modified journal abstract.
Mineralogical and Physicochemical Differences between Mobile and Nonmobile Colloidal Phases in Reconstructed Pedons

Ultisols can be highly dispersive and therefore a potential source for mobile colloids to underlying aquifers. In this study, mobile colloids were collected after a rain from 13.5-m 3 lysimeters containing reconstructed pedons of two Ultisols. The mobile colloids were enriched with kaolinite, Fe oxides, and gibbsite and were more dilute in quartz and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) relative to the total clay fractions of the originating pedons. The colloids were 200 nm), it was removed from the mobile phase during transport, presumably via a straining mechanism. Quartz was neither readily dispersible nor abundant in the <200-nm fraction and, therefore, was not prevalent in the mobile phase. The ability of Ultisols to release colloids that can readily move through a pedon may make these soils and the underlying aquifers especially susceptible to colloid-facilitated transport of contaminants.
Relationship between Photoconvertible and Nonphotoconvertible Protochlorophyllides.

Two forms of protochlorophyllide are found in dark-grown bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris , var. Black Velentine) leaves, one (protochlorophyllide 650 ) which is directly photoconvertible to chlorophyllide and another (protochlorophyllide 632 ) which is not. Dark-grown leaves placed in solutions of δ-aminolevulinic acid accumulate protochlorophyllide 632 . Protochlorophyllide 650 and protochlorophyllide 632 can be partially separated on sucrose density gradients. A nitrogen atmosphere blocks chlorophyll synthesis in light or the regeneration of protochlorophyllide 650 in the dark, even in the presence of excess δ-aminolevulinic acid, except when a stockpile of protochlorophyllide 632 is present in the leaf. Under the latter conditions chlorophyll synthesis or protochlorophyllide 650 regeneration is accompanied by a decrease in protochlorophyllide 632 . These experiments suggest that protochlorophyllide 632 may be converted to protochlorophyllide 650 . Cycloheximide inhibited greening only after an “action-dependent” delay, requiring a predictable minimal period of illumination. This inhibition could be relieved for a time by feeding δ-aminolevulinic acid.
Type 3 diminimal maps on the torus

A polyhedral map on the torus is diminimal if either shrinking or removing an edge yields a nonpolyhedral map. We show that all such maps on the torus fall into one of two classes, type 2 and type 3, and show that there are exactly two type 3 ones, which are given explicitly.
Activation of low-dose Si + implant into In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As with Al + and P + co-implants

To test if Si+ activation could be improved through forced site selection, co-implantation of varying doses of Al+ and P+ with a fixed Si dose into In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As has been studied. P+ implants are shown to have limited effectiveness in raising overall n-type activation of Si+ implants while Al-co-implantation is shown to dramatically lower overall n-type activation with increasing Al dose. Implant damage from the co-implant species is thought to be one possible reason for the limited effectiveness P co-implantation has on raising the maximum electrical activation of Si implants. The results suggest that co-implantation has a dramatic, but complicated, effect on activation.
On algorithms for solving systems of polynomial equations

Methods for finding numerical solutions of nonlinear algebraic systems of equations have been given considerable attention since the birth of the field of numerical analysis. The fact that these methods find many applications to problems in physics, engineering, economics, and mathematical theory of optimization cannot be overstressed. However, a significant number of these problems contain indeterminants or parameters, which should only be given numerical values at the very end of the computational processes. Sometimes numerical results simply cannot provide enough insight for the analysis of the problem. Furthermore, symbolic solutions via elimination theory provide not only all solutions to a given system of equations but also a classification of solutions into solution surfaces or parametrized solutions. Thus, the symbolic method can provide an infinite number of solutions where this feat is clearly impossible for the numerical methods.