cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface laminar circuit packaging

Discusses the SLC (surface laminar circuit), a component carrier technology which satisfies various requirements for packaging of small computers through its surface laminar structure, which is similar to semiconductor wiring. By utilizing photo via holes instead of plated through holes for signal line connection, SLC has a high wiring density which allows it to carry bare chips directly attached on the SLC by flip chip attach. This packaging technology has an extended reliability compared with conventional flip chip bonding and a wide range of application in small computers. >
Understanding the subcultures key to ERP implementation: an empirical investigation

Firms often turn to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as a solution to operational level problems leading to business excellence. But what can be done when process maps give you a clean bill of health instead? This paper examines two such companies with severe operational problems that were considering ERP implementation. Traditional process maps could not unearth any operational problems. This stymied ERP implementation as process analysis gave no hope for any major performance improvements. Further analysis of the operations revealed issues located in the organisational subcultures, leading to the root of the process performance failures. This study provides the impetus for reengineering process analysis methods to include the humanistic side of the business operations, leading to better ERP implementation. It can also help reengineer performance measures and metrics used to assess and benchmark business processes.
Characterization of γδT cells in naïve and HIV‐infected chimpanzees and their responses to T‐cell activators in vitro

Background γδT cells are effector cells that eliminate cancer and virus-infected cells. Chimpanzees are an endangered species that can naturally and experimentally be infected with SIV and HIV, respectively, but no information about the functionality of γδT cells during chronic lentiviral infection is currently available. Methods Healthy and HIV-infected chimpanzee γδT cells were characterized by flow cytometry. γδT subsets were studied after stimulation with T-cell activators, and the release of cytokines was analyzed by Luminex assay. Results γδT-cell subsets, Vδ1 and Vδ2Vγ9, showed different patterns in the expression of CD4, CD195, CD159a, and CD159c. Stimulation of γδT cells resulted in increased levels of CD4 and HLA-DR, which is more pronounced in Vδ1 T cells. Distinct cytokine patterns were found between healthy and HIV-infected chimpanzees. Conclusions Analyses of major chimpanzee γδT subsets show similarities to human γδT cells and suggest different functionality and roles in their immune response against HIV infection.
Lack of genotoxicity due to foamy virus vector integration in human iPSCs

Integrating vectors can lead to the dysregulation of nearby chromosomal genes, with important consequences for clinical trials and cellular engineering. This includes the retroviral and lentiviral vectors commonly used for deriving induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We previously used integrating foamy virus (FV) vectors expressing OCT4, SOX2, MYC and KLF4 to reprogram osteogenesis imperfecta mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, we have studied the effects of 10 FV vector proviruses on neighboring gene expression in four iPSC lines and their corresponding iPSC-derived MSC (iMSCs). Gene expression profiles in these iPSC lines showed that none of the 38 genes within 300 kb up- or downstream of integrated proviruses had a significant difference in mRNA levels, including five genes with proviruses in their transcription units. In the iMSCs derived from these iPSCs, the same type of analysis showed a single dysregulated transcript out of 46 genes found near proviruses. This frequency of dysregulation was similar to that of genes lacking nearby proviruses, so it may have been due to interclonal variation and/or measurement inaccuracies. While the number of integration sites examined in this paper is limited, our results suggest that integrated FV proviruses do not impact the expression of chromosomal genes in pluripotent human stem cells or their differentiated derivatives. This interpretation is consistent with previous reports that FV vectors have minimal genotoxicity, even when integrating near or within genes.
Diophantine equations and congruences over function fields

We generalize the methods of Pierce for counting solutions to the congruence X a ≡ Y b mod D and the square sieve method for counting squares in the sequence f(X) + g(Y) to the function field setting.
Homocysteine content of lipoproteins in hypercholesterolemia

Abstract In order to study the connection between homocysteine and lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis, homocysteine was determined in lipoprotein fractions from men with hypercholesterolemia. All lipoprotein fractions contain a considerably higher level of homocysteine in hypercholesterolemia, compared to normolipemic men, varying from 2.2 to 7.2 tunes higher, estimated per unit volume of serum used for lipoprotein isolation, and from 2.4 to 4.1 times higher, estimated per gram protein. The largest difference in homocysteine content, estimated per gram protein, is present in the LDL fraction, amounting to 4.1 times higher in the hypercholesterolemic than the normolipemic group. In contrast, cholesterol is not higher in hypercholesterolemic than normolipemic men in any lipoprotein fraction, estimated per gram protein, and cholesterol is higher in hypercholesterolemic men only in the LDL fraction, estimated per unit volume. In both LDL and VLDL fractions homocysteine is correlated with cholesterol (r = 0.78, P r = 0.59, P r = 0.72, P r = 0.78, P
A computer program for nuclear reaction analysis with the D(3He, α)H reaction

A computer program for nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) by the D(3He, α)H reaction in the energy analysis mode is presented. Multiple scattering effects are explicitly included.
Crystallization and microstructure in quenched slabs of various molecular weight polypropylenes: Modified modeling and experiments

The purpose of the present work was to bring further improvements to the simulation of the crystallization process in terms of morphology and crystallinity in quenched slabs of isotactic polypropylenes (i-PP). Incorporation of the temperature dependence of specific heat, density, and thermal conductivity into a previous simulation program based on their constant values does not influence the predicted results. A new approach to calculate the nuclei concentration to obtain the gapwise distribution of spherulite diameter was proposed and tested. A microthermocouple was placed in the PP slabs to follow the crystallization process during their quenching. The temperature traces as a function of time were measured. With this technique, it was possible to determine the correct heat transfer coefficient and the induction time for crystallization at high cooling rates relevant to injection molding. The present results indicate an importance of the decrease of the heat release during crystallization at high cooling rates.
FROM SOCIALIST MODERN TO SUPER-NATURAL ORGANICISM: Cosmological Transformations through Home Decor

Although the trend of bringing the “natural” world indoors took off in many parts of the world with the end of the Cold War, this article focuses on the case of Hungary, where the shift to and then away from state-socialist versions of modernist design was particularly politicized. From the 1960s to the present, Hungary witnessed a shift from the dreams of modernist utopia imbedded in “man-made” miracle materials like plastic and concrete to the neoliberal social order imbedded in “natural” (in fact super-natural) materials like organic wood flooring and high-quality roofing tiles. I draw on scholarship working with a Peircean semiotics of materiality to elaborate an approach to aesthetic styles in material worlds that can track transformations in such styles over time and link them to wider political cosmologies. I argue that the “organicist” materialities that emerged to humanize socialist apartments in generic modern buildings were part of a critique of the modernist project and its “unnatural” attempt to dominate nature and engineer human souls. After the fall of state socialism, the continued affective appeal of this Organicist aesthetics worked to legitimate neoliberal ideologies even as people bemoaned the suffering and inequalities generated by the new order. The emerging middle classes embraced the powers of a “natural” order that included a free market as much as it included a natural lifecycle. In so doing, they are inscribed as moral persons, and as such deserving of material worlds in which nature is enhanced and controlled. The morally justified search for quality produces inequality. The article is thus an exploration of the constitutive relationships among things (like residential housing and furnishings), people (esp. people's embodied experience), and ideology (of the state, market or of a particular group).
Tracking Ultrafast Chemical Reaction Dynamics Using Transient 2DIR Spectroscopy

Phototriggered reactions can be monitored in real time with bond-by-bond structural selectivity using multidimensional IR spectroscopy as a probe. We have applied this powerful approach to photoproduct orientational relaxation and geminate rebinding reactions.
Code Optimizations for Lazy Evaluation

Implementations of lazy evaluation for nonstrict functional languages usually involve the notion of a delayed representation of the value of an expression, which we call athunk. We present several techniques for implementing thunks and formalize a class of optimizations that reduce both the space and time overhead of these techniques. The optimizations depend on a compile-time inferencing strategy calledpath analysis, a generalization of strictness analysis that uncovers order-of-evaluation information. Although the techniques in this paper are focused on the compilation of a nonstrict functional language for a conventional architecture, they are directly applicable to most of the virtual machines commonly used for implementing such languages. The same techniques also apply to other forms of delayed evaluation such asfutures andpromises.
The role of uninjured nerve in spinal nerve ligated rats points to an improved animal model of neuropathic pain

L5 and L6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats leads to behavioral signs of neuropathic pain including mechanical allodynia. The purposes of this study were to investigate the role of the intact L4 spinal nerve in the development of mechanical allodynia following L5 and L6 SNL and, as a result, to develop a modified model of neuropathic pain. As a first set of experiments, in addition to tight ligation of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves, the intact L4 spinal nerve was manipulated either (1) by gentle repeated stretching of the L4 spinal nerve immediately after L5 and L6 SNL or (2) by intermittent mechanical stimulation to the ipsilateral paw during the first week after SNL. Tactile sensitivity was measured by determining the foot withdrawal threshold before and after SNL. Mild irritation of L4 spinal nerve and application of mechanical stimuli to the ipsilateral paw significantly increased the development of mechanical allodynia after SNL. In a second set of experiments, SNL was produced by tightly ligating only the left L5 spinal nerve with or without a loop of 5-0 chromic gut placed loosely around the L4 spinal nerve. This additional L4 loop significantly increased long-lasting tactile sensitivity compared to L5 SNL alone. These results suggest that afferent activity of the intact L4 spinal nerve aids in the development of mechanical allodynia in the SNL model of neuropathic pain. The addition of a chromic gut loop around the intact L4 spinal nerve can augment the development of mechanical allodynia following SNL of L5. We propose this latter as a useful and practical animal model of neuropathic pain.
Geographical variation in agonistic behaviour in a ring species of salamander, Ensatina eschscholtzii.

Ensatina eschscholtzii is a plethodontid salamander with several geographical races distributed in a ring-like series throughout the coastal mountains and inland Sierra Nevada mountains of California. Populations of these salamanders show genetic and morphological divergence, and in this study, we examined divergence in overt aggressive, passive aggressive/exploratory, avoidance and sensory behaviours in four populations. Two of the populations represent a zone of secondary contact between coastal and inland lineages of Ensatina. We recorded behaviour of resident salamanders paired with same-sex intruders during the non-courtship season. The residents' behaviour was aVected independently by the population of the resident and the population of the intruder but not by the interaction between the resident population and the intruder population. Levels of agonistic and sensory behaviour showed a high degree of constraint among the populations. These behaviours also showed divergence among coastal and inland populations, and the geographical variation in behaviour is consistent with the phylogenetic history of Ensatina. Convergent evolution of behaviour appears to have occurred at the zone of secondary contact between the coastal and inland lineages. Variation in agonistic and sensory behaviour among the populations observed and between the sexes suggests that there may be geographical and sexual variation in territoriality or competition. ? 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour Geographical variation among closely related populations provides some of the strongest evidence for the role of natural variation in the evolution of species. This link between geographi- cal variation and evolution within a species is especially apparent in ring species, in which intergradation occurs freely between adjacent populations, but those at the terminal ends of the ring do not interbreed and behave as separate species (Mayr 1963). Levels of intergradation may vary throughout the entire ring, resulting in geographical variation among the subspecies. The geographical variation shown by ring species can be used to address questions such as whether behavioural evolution has occurred among closely related and genetically interconnected popula- tions. Behavioural variation may be associated not only with the evolutionary relationships
TCT-502 Carotid Stenting Versus Endarterectomy:10 Year Randomized Trial

Modern clinical trials with short-term follow-up indicate CAS and CEA are equivalent in reducing the risk for ipsilateral ischemic stroke secondary to carotid stenosis. A paucity of data exists regarding long term outcomes. Patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic of all surgical risks with
Prevention of damage induced by aspirin in the GI tract.

Low-dose aspirin (325 mg or less) alone and in combination with other antiplatelet agents is widely used for the management of cardiovascular disease. Although the risk with low-dose aspirin alone is less than Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), given widespread use, aspirin related toxicity has become a substantial health care problem due to acute and chronic GI bleeding. A variety of strategies are currently available to minimize the risk of developing upper GI side effects of aspirin. Agents that have efficacy include oral prostaglandin analogues, H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors. PPIs appear to be the most effective strategy, with the least side effects and the convenience of once daily dosing. The substitution of another antiplatelet agent such as clopidogrel for aspirin alone does not appear to provide a safer alternative to low-dose aspirin for patients at GI risk. Small bowel injury can occur with aspirin and can be assessed with capsule endoscopy; however, no strategy is known to reduce this potential toxicity in clinical practice.
Writing Groups for English Teachers: An Exploratory Study

What kinds of writing do writing teachers like to do and under what conditions? This was the question that directors at a California Writing Project site wanted to answer. Each summer, exemplary composition teachers are funded to attend a five-week summer workshop in the teaching of writing. Of the 24 class hours per week, four are devoted to writing groups. A writing group consists of four to five teachers who convene to discuss and evaluate each other's writing. Although the actual composing is done at home,
Scaling of interfacial properties in ternary polymer blends

We analyze interfaces between A-righ and B-rich phases in symmetric ternary polymer blends with a non-selective C minority component. The interfacial tension σ and the interfacial thicknesses of the composition profiles of A(x) − B(x), and C(x), L1 and L2, respectively, are calculated by solving the linearized equation resulting from minimizing σ as a function of the average composition of C, C = 1 − , with /2 = A = B, and the net interaction per thermal energy between components A and B, χAB = χ (χAC = χBC = ηχ). As C increases the interfacial thickness increases and the interfacial tension decreases. Our results are in excellent agreement with the steady-state solution of the non-linear spinodal decomposition equations.
Quality Assurance of Self-Help Sites on the Internet

Abstract One of the most common uses of the Internet is to access health and mental health information. While thousands of Websites have been developed to provide consumers with health and mental health information, little has been done regarding assuring the quality of the material provided. This article presents the quality assurance assessment findings of 80 Websites that provide consumers information on common DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. The results of this assessment found a number of concerns: (1) a lack of evidence of qualified authors; (2) a lack of any formal review, or existence of a review board; (3) a lack of timely updating of the Website material; (4) potential conflicts of interest with advertisements; (5) average readability indexes at the 11.2 grade reading level; and (6) a paucity of Websites that use any evidence of behavior change theories. The authors recommend a standards be established to assure quality of the self-help information provided on the Internet. Furthermore, the author...
Morphological filtering and multiresolution fusion for mammographic microcalcification detection

Mammographic images are often of relatively low contrast and poor sharpness with non-stationary background or clutter and are usually corrupted by noise. In this paper, we propose a new method for microcalcification detection using gray scale morphological filtering followed by multiresolution fusion and present a unified general filtering form called the local operating transformation for whitening filtering and adaptive thresholding. The gray scale morphological filters are used to remove all large areas that are considered as non-stationary background or clutter variations, i.e., to prewhiten images. The multiresolution fusion decision is based on matched filter theory. In addition to the normal matched filter, the Laplacian matched filter which is directly related through the wavelet transforms to multiresolution analysis is exploited for microcalcification feature detection. At the multiresolution fusion stage, the region growing techniques are used in each resolution level. The parent-child relations between resolution levels are adopted to make final detection decision. FROC is computed from test on the Nijmegen database.
Towards accurate non-intrusive recollection of stress levels using mobile sensing and contextual recall

Existing user input sampling methods used for stress-related psychotherapy are plagued with problems of low recall accuracy and high intrusiveness. In this paper, we propose a contextual recall-based self-report method using mobile sensing technology that captures contextual cues including location, activity, and environmental acoustics to aid accurate recollection of stress levels. We conducted a controlled study with 36 participants. Our experimental results suggest that contextual recall outperforms recall-based self-report method by both increasing the recall accuracy and minimizing intrusiveness to participants at the same time. Moreover, we quantified the contribution of each individual contextual cue in recollecting stress levels. We found that although participants perceived all of the contextual cues to be useful, in reality, not all the contextual cues are weighted equally during the recollection process.
Improving Access to Competitive Employment for Persons With Disabilities as a Means of Reducing Social Security Expenditures

The Social Security Administration (SSA) disability programs have experienced tremendous growth in both beneficiaries and expenditures, threatening the viability of this safety net for individuals with disabilities. This article suggests that one means of assisting SSA beneficiaries to reduce dependence, thereby slowing program growth, is for the SSA to directly or indirectly fund competitive employment initiatives focusing on individuals who are currently served in nonremunerative day support programs. These initiatives require coordination of SSA trust funds with vocational rehabilitation and mental retardation/developmental disability funding streams.
Utility of troponin I in patients with cocaine-associated chest pain.

Baseline electrocardiogram abnormalities and marker elevations not associated with myocardial necrosis make accurate diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) difficult in patients with cocaine-associated chest pain. Troponin sampling may offer greater diagnostic utility in these patients. Objective: To assess outcomes based on troponin positivity in patients with cocaine chest pain admitted for exclusion of MI. Methods: Outcomes were examined in patients admitted for possible MI after cocaine use. All patients underwent a rapid rule-in protocol that included serial sampling of creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) over eight hours. Outcomes included CK-MB MI (CK-MB $ 8 ng/mL with a relative index [(CK-MB 3 100)/total CK] $ 4, cardiac death, and significant coronary disease ($50%). Results: Of the 246 admitted patients, 34 (14%) met CK-MB criteria for MI and 38 (16%) had cTnI elevations. Angiography was performed in 29 of 38 patients who were cTnI-positive, with significant disease present in 25 (86%). Three of the four patients without significant disease who had cTnI elevations met CK-MB criteria for MI, and the other had a peak CK-MB level of 13 ng/mL. Sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative likelihood ratios for predicting cardiac death or significant disease were high for both CK-MB MI and cTnI and were not significantly different. Conclusions: Most patients with cTnI elevations meet CK-MB criteria for MI, as well as have a high incidence of underlying significant disease. Troponin appears to have an equivalent diagnostic accuracy com
Integrated Optical Bio Sensors

We will present our recent progress on 1) waveguide-based sensor arrays that can operate as high density immunoassay sensors for detection of proteins and other biomolecules in solution, 2) metamaterial and plasmonic-based chem-bio sensors.
Exact evaluation of the second-order exchange energy of a two-dimensional electron fluid

A new rigorous method is presented for the evaluation of the second-order exchange energy of a two-dimensional electron fluid. The resulting energy 0.2287 Ry is significant in the correlation energy, in contrast to the three-dimensional case. The present method is applicable to three dimensions.
Design of a TOF-SANS instrument for the proposed long-wavelength target station at the spallation neutron source

We have designed a versatile high-data-rate SANS instrument (broad-range intense multipurpose SANS (BRIMS)) for the proposed long-wavelength target station at the SNS using the Los Alamos NISP Monte Carlo simulation package. BRIMS is designed to produce data spanning a Q range from 0.0025 to 0.7 A-1 in a single measurement by simultaneously using neutrons with wavelengths from 1 to 14.5 A in a time-of-flight mode. The effects of various collimation choices, including multiple confocal pinhole apertures, on count rate, resolution, and Q range have been characterized with simulations using spherical particle and delta-function scatterers. We compare the anticipated performance of BRIMS with that of the premier reactor-based SANS instrument, D22, at ILL.
Food-Based Lure Performance in Three Locations in Puerto Rico: Attractiveness to Anastrepha suspensa and A. Obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae)

ABSTRACT Lures based on odors released by hydrolyzed protein were assessed for their attractiveness to Anastrepha obliqua and A. suspensa at 3 locations in Puerto Rico in Aug through Oct 2009. Lures compared included ammonium acetate combined with putrescine, hydrolyzed corn protein (Nulure) with borax, freeze-dried Nulure, freeze-dried Nulure in combination with ammonium acetate, freeze-dried Nulure in combination with ammonium acetate and putrescine, and the Unipak lure, a single lure containing ammonium acetate and putrescine. Where the distribution of trapped flies departed significantly from what would be expected given an equal attraction of the baits, Nulure and freeze-dried Nulure always attracted fewer flies than the other baits tested, regardless of species, sex, or location. Although all of the baits or bait combinations containing ammonium acetate attracted more flies than the Nulure or freeze-dried Nulure baits, there was a distinct trend of ammonium acetate and putrescine and the Unipak lure...
Multiple progesterone injections and the duration of estrus in ovariectomized guinea pigs.

Abstract The duration of sexual receptivity in guinea pigs primed with 3.3 ug estradiol benzoate and given 0.1 mg progesterone 36 hr later in oil or propylene glycol vehicle was about 6–7 hr. Maintenance of elevated plasma progesterone levels (as measured by radioimmunoassay)throughout the period of heat by multiple 0.1 mg progesterone injections significantly prolonged (by about 2.7 hr) heat duration, but heat terminated despite the presence of high plasma progesterone levels. The experiment suggests that a decline in plasma progesterone concentration is not necessary for the termination of heat. Methods by which termination of heat could occur are discussed.
Family member presence for procedures: The resident's perspective

Objective.—To describe resident acceptance of and comfort with family member presence (FMP) during pediatric invasive procedures and resuscitation in a large, multicenter pediatric residency program. To determine if increased level of training impacts on opinion toward FMP for procedures. Design and Methods.—Seventy-six residents of postgraduate levels 1–4 were administered a survey about FMP for procedures. The survey consisted of 4 Likert-scale questions and 1 multiple-choice question of resident acceptance of and comfort with FMP during procedures and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results.—Fifty-three residents (70%) responded. Residents were accepting of FMP during procedures, with a mean score of 3.9/5. However, residents were less accepting of FMP presence during CPR, with a mean score of 2.84/5. There was a trend toward increased comfort and acceptance of FMP with increased level of training; however, this was not statistically significant. In our study, nearly one half of residents (45%) reported that their major reservation toward FMP was that resident anxiety could result in procedure or resuscitation failure. Conclusion.—The residents in our pediatric training program generally accept FMP for procedures. Residents were less accepting of FMP for CPR than for procedures. Residents most commonly oppose FMP for procedures because they believe this will make them anxious and lead to failure. This information provides insight into the implementation of FMP for procedures in a medical education setting.
Effects of neonatal hypoxia on brain development in the rat: immediate and long-term biochemical alterations in discrete regions.

To evaluate the sensitivity of immature brain tissue to hypoxix insult, neonatal rats were exposed to 7% O2 for 2 h at critical stages of development (1, 8, 15, 23 days of postnatal age); the immediate and long-term impact of hypoxia was then assessed in cerebellum, cerebral cortex and midbrain through measurement of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, a biochemical determinant of cellular injury and subsequent maturation, and through measurements of protein synthesis, growth and synaptosomal uptake of norepinephrine (an index of noradrenergic synaptogenesis). In one-day-old rats, hypoxia caused stimulation of protein synthesis and short-term suppression of ODC activity which persisted for several hours after termination of low O2 exposure; over the ensuing days, there was a prolonged elevation of enzyme activity and a subsequent, regionally selective increase in synaptosomal uptake of norepinephrine without changes in brain growth. In contrast, hypoxia in 8-day-old rats produced signs of metabolic injury, with a short-term elevation of ODC throughout the brain and reduced protein synthetic rates, eventual shortfalls in brain regional growth and no net increase in synaptosomal uptake. The effects of hypoxia on brain regional growth in 8-day-old animals appeared to represent an age-specific effect, as low O2 conditions in older animals did not affect growth (animals made hypoxic at 15 or 23 days), but did produce an eventual reduction in synaptosomal uptake (hypoxia at 15 days). Differences between one-day-old and 8-day-old rats were also apparent in cerebral responses simply to a 2-h seperation from the dam under normoxic conditions. These results support the view that cellular development and synaptogenesis are compromised when neonatal brain tissue is exposed to hypoxic conditions, and that there are critical periods of sensitivity in which processes undergoing rapid maturational change are particularly vulnerable.
Behavior during hippocampal microinfusions. II. Muscarinic locomotor activation.

Abstract Awake, unrestrained rats in a holeboard/activity chamber received direct bilateral infusions of the mixed muscarinic/nicotinic cholinergic agonist carbachol into the dentate gyrus during a 40-min experimental session. The computerized holeboard system measured the animals' locomotor activity, stimulus responsivity, and response to novelty, and permitted the reconstruction and analysis of their sequential patterns of movement. Carbachol infusions produced a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity that was accompanied by increased holepoking and rearing. The response to novel objects and odors was depressed by carbachol. Carbachol-infused rats also exhibited dose-dependent changes in their patterns of locomotor activity. Hippocampal infusions of the muscarinic antagonist atropine produced nonsignificant decreases in locomotion and a perseverative pattern of locomotor activity and stimulus responding. Co-infusion of atropine blocked the effects of carbachol, whereas the effects of the nicotinic agonist nicotine and antagonist curare were negligible. Ventricular infusions of an intermediate dose of carbachol failed to affect the animals' behavior and unilateral infusions produced effects that were similar to but milder than the bilateral infusions. Dye infusions revealed that spread of the infusate was restricted to the dentate gyrus of the anterodorsal hippocampal formation. The locomotor activation and reduced stimulus responsivity caused by the carbachol infusions into the dentate gyrus were interpreted as indicative of a role for the cholinergic septo-hippocampal pathway in the release of motor responding and in hippocampal processing of sensory information.
Dynamics of two-compartment Gray–Scott equations

Abstract In this work the existence of a global attractor is proved for the solution semiflow of the coupled two-compartment Gray–Scott equations with the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition on a bounded domain of space dimension n ≤ 3 . The grouping estimation method combined with a new decomposition approach is introduced to overcome the difficulties in proving the absorbing property and the asymptotic compactness of this four-component reaction–diffusion systems with cubic autocatalytic nonlinearity and linear coupling. The finite dimensionality of the global attractor is also proved.
Thermoregulation and the determinants of heat transfer in Colias butterflies.

As a means of exploring behavioral and morphological adaptations for thermoregulation in Colias butterflies, convective heat transfer coefficients of real and model butterflies were measured in a wind tunnel as a function of wind speed and body orientation (yaw angle). Results are reported in terms of a dimensionless heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt number, Nu) and a dimensionless wind speed (Reynolds number, Re), for a wind speed range typical of that experienced by basking Colias in the field. The resultant Nusselt-Reynolds (Nu-Re) plots thus indicate the rates of heat transfer by forced convection as a function of wind speed for particular model geometries.For Reynolds numbers throughout the measured range, Nusselt numbers for C. eurytheme butterflies are consistently lower than those for long cylinders, and are independent of yaw angle. There is significant variation among individual butterflies in heat transfer coefficients throughout the Re range. Model butterflies without artificial fur have Nu-Re relations similar to those for cylinders. Heat transfer in these models depends upon yaw angle, with higher heat transfer at intermediate yaw angles (30-60°); these yaw effects increase with increasing Reynolds number. Models with artificial fur, like real Colias, have Nusselt numbers which are consistently lower than those for models without fur at given Reynolds numbers throughout the Re range. Unlike real Colias, however, the models with fur do show yaw angle effects similar to those for models without fur.The independence of heat loss from yaw angle for real Colias is consistent with field observations indicating no behavioral orientation to wind direction. The presence of fur on the models reduces heat loss but does not affect yaw dependence. The large individual variation in heat transfer coefficients among butterflies is probably due to differences in fur characteristics rather than to differences in wing morphology.Finally, a physical model of a butterfly was constructed which accurately simulates the body temperatures of basking Colias in the field for a variety of radiation and wind velocity conditions. The success of the butterfly simulator in mimicking Colias thermal characteristics confirms our preliminary understanding of the physical bases for and heat transfer mechanisms underlying thermoregulatory adaptations in these butterflies.
TGF-β1 calcium signaling increases α5 integrin expression in osteoblasts

TGF-beta1 is a potent osteoactive factor and exhibits a wide variety of effects on osteoblasts, most of which are mediated through receptor associated Smad proteins. We have recently reported a novel TGF-beta1 intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathway in osteoblasts, and found that this signaling is required for the TGF-beta1 mediated enhancement of osteoblast adhesion to substrate. Given that interaction between the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin and alpha5beta1 integrin on the cell surface is principally responsible for osteoblast substrate adhesion, we examined here whether the TGF-beta1 stimulated Ca2+ signal is involved in this pathway. Our results show that, in primary human osteoblasts, the TGF-beta1 induced intracellular Ca2+ signal is responsible, in part, for the stimulation of expression of alpha5 integrin, but not of beta1 integrin or fibronectin. Increased levels of alpha5 integrin protein and mRNA were seen as early as 12 h after TGF-beta1 treatment, but were inhibited by co-treatment of cells with nifedipine, a selective L-type Ca2+ channel blocker. TGF-beta1 treatment increased both fibronectin and beta1 integrin protein production within 48 h, in a manner unaffected by co-treatment with nifedipine. Immunofluorescence observations revealed that TGF-beta1 treatment resulted in increased alpha5 integrin staining, and more prominent alpha5 integrin clustering, with increased co-localization with the actin cytoskeleton, effects that were blocked by co-treatment with nifedipine. The TGF-beta1 induced intracellular Ca2+ signal in human osteoblasts is thus an important mechanistic step in the regulation of alpha5 integrin expression, later contributing to enhanced cell adhesion.
Social facilitation effects on runway and maze behavior in mice

From 1897 until the beginning of World War 11, social facilitation was the subject of active research (Zajonc, 1965). Some studies found that the presence of others had a facilitating effect on task performance, while others reported an inhibiting influence. No general theories were forthcoming to explain the conflicting results of these studies. Renewed interest was generated in 1965 when Zajonc reviewed the literat ure of the area and suggested a hypothesis that would resolve the disagreement in the earlier findings. He reasoned that the presence of others of the same species (conspecifics) acted as a source of general drive. Zajonc (1965) speculated that "the presence of others, as spectators or as coactors, enhances the emission of dominant responses [p. 273]." He theorized that during learning, the appropriate response is not dominant, and the presence of others hampers acquisition. However, after the task is learned, presence of others facilitates performance. the conclusion that the odor and mirror conditions were too unlike the actual presence of conspecifics to elicit the facilitative effects in cockroaches. Other studies of social facilitation have used nonhuman species such as fish (Welty, 1934), birds (Hake & Laws, 1967; Tolman, 1968a, b), rats (Morrison & Hill, 1967; Simmel, 1962), dogs (James, 1953, 1960; James & Cannon, 1955), opossums (Platt & James, 1966; Platt, Sutker, & James, 1968), and primates (Harlow & Yudin, 1933; Stamm, 1961). All of these studies measured the effects of social facilitation on naturally occurring behaviors rather than on learning tasks (eating, drinking, running in dogs, swimming in fish, or exploratory behavior in rats), and all the organisms with the exception of rats and opossums were allelomimetic species (species in which the tendency is strong to imitate the actions of a conspecific with some degree of mutual stimulation). The present study was designed to evaluate Zajonc's hypothesis using a nonallelomimetic mammalian species (mice) in both natural and learning situations. Mice were chosen because
Percolation and scaling on a quasilattice

The authors report results of a study of percolation on a two-dimensional Penrose quasilattice. After an extensive numerical analysis, they find that two-dimensional universality is obeyed. The scaling exponents sigma and tau have the values expected, tau = 2.04 and sigma = 0.39 consistent with the universality class for percolation on a 2D periodic lattice. But the percolation threshold p/sub c/ = 0.483, differs from other 2D lattices with the same average coordination number z vector = 4.
Fiber bed effective emissivities from multiple-scattering calculations

The effective emissivity of a random fiber bed is a thermodynamic coefficient of importance for high-temperature radiation heat transfer. A multiple-scattering theory is developed that provides complementary (i.e., same scattering order) upper and lower bounds for the fiber bed emissivity. An attractive feature of this method is that this pair of bounds comes from the evaluation of one integral. Results for single-scattering bounds include analytical estimates with rigorous error bounds for all porosities, local fiber surface emissivities, and several representative bed edge random fiber arrangements, i.e., all fibers perpendicular and all fibers parallel to the bed edge. The estimates are tight for fiber surface emissivities above 0.5 at any porosity or for all fiber surface emissivities at low bed porosities. The analytical, single-scattering results provide a parametric study of the fiber bed effective emissivity enhancement above the local fiber surface emissivity for all fiber surface emissivities, porosities, and two limiting fiber bed structures. The largest enhancement (33.4%) is found at the midrange of the fiber emissivity values and in the limit of unit void fraction for fibers oriented perpendicular to the bed edge surface.
Using public social media to find answers to questions

On some social media platforms, such as Twitter, Youtube, Pinterest, and tumblr, much of the content generated by users is publicly accessible and communication can be easily initiated between strangers who have never previously communicated before. The communities that have risen up around these platforms, particularly on Twitter, can also be inclusive and supportive of interactions between strangers. The public and open nature of these communities creates an opportunity to create a new kind of question answering system, where potential answerers are determined based on their published content and questions are sent through the mechanisms of the social media platform.
Hot Mix Asphalt Mix Design Evaluation Using the Corelok Vacuum-Sealing Device

The bulk specific gravity ( Gmb ) of compacted hot-mix asphalt (HMA) specimens is the basis for volumetric property calculations during mix design and quality control and assurance. For many years, Gmb measurement has been accomplished by water-displacement procedures. Water displacement yields accurate Gmb for most conventional dense-graded mixes, but Gmb measurement errors using water displacement have been observed for coarser-graded mixes. Recently, vacuum-sealing technology, using the Corelok vacuum-sealing device has been shown to yield more accurate Gmb values. This study’s objectives were to illustrate Gmb differences between water-displacement and Corelok procedures and resulting changes in volumetric properties and design asphalt contents. Results indicate significant Gmb differences between Corelok and water-displacement procedures, with the Corelok procedure yielding slightly higher Gmb values, resulting in an average increase in design asphalt content and voids in the mineral aggregate of 0.2...
Causal Analysis for Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Spray from Peristaltic Pump Tube Failure

Bulking is the process of transferring the contents of several small containers of liquid waste into a single larger container. At Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, bulking is routinely performed to minimize the impact on the environment and to lessen the disposal costs for waste. Using a peristaltic pump to transfer liquid waste from one container to another is efficient and keeps contamination at a minimum. An unanticipated blockage in the pump tubing quick-disconnects caused a failure that resulted in hazardous waste to be sprayed outside of the pump and onto two pump operators. This paper discusses the methodology used for determining the cause of the event.
Upper Extremity Control in Adults Post Stroke with Mild Residual Impairment

Motor control deficits in the upper extremity (UE) ipsilateral to the side of brain damage persist after stroke, but it is not known if the presence of these deficits is related to impairment of the contralateral UE. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether motor deficits are present in the ipsilateral UE when contralateral UE impairment is mild in adults with chronic stroke. Right-handed adults (10 controls, 10 right stroke, 10 left stroke) performed rapid continuous aiming movements to small and large targets. Using kinematic analysis, temporal measures of the movement were defined, including movement time (MT) and the three components of MT: acceleration, deceleration, and dwell time (i.e., time on target). Participants with right stroke had prolonged MT only with the left UE, primarily due to longer dwell times. Participants with left stroke had prolonged MT with both UEs as a result of longer dwell times. The results indicate that control deficits of the ipsilateral UE are evident in individuals with left but not right brain damage who have minimal impairment of the contralateral UE. These findings are consistent with the role of the left hemisphere in the control of both UEs.
Comments on On approximating Euclidean metrics by weighted t-cost distances in arbitrary dimension

Mukherjee [Mukherjee, J., 2011. On approximating Euclidean metrics by weighted t-cost distances in arbitrary dimension. Pattern Recognition Lett. 32, 824-831] recently introduced a class of distance functions called weighted t-cost distances that generalize m-neighbor, octagonal, and t-cost distances. He proved that weighted t-cost distances form a family of metrics and derived an approximation for the Euclidean norm in Z^n. In this note we compare this approximation to two previously proposed Euclidean norm approximations and demonstrate that the empirical average errors given by Mukherjee are significantly optimistic in R^n. We also propose a simple normalization scheme that improves the accuracy of his approximation substantially with respect to both average and maximum relative errors.
How gender impacts career development and leadership in rehabilitation medicine: a report from the AAPM&R research committee.

Abstract Wagner AK, McElligott J, Chan L, Wagner EP II, Segal N, Gerber LH. How gender impacts career development and leadership in rehabilitation medicine: a report from the AAPM&R Research Committee. Objective To examine the role that gender plays in meeting the medical academic mission by assessing career development, leadership, and research productivity among rehabilitation researchers. Design Prospective, cross-sectional cohort study. Setting National survey. Participants Three hundred sixty rehabilitation professionals linked to the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Association of Academic Physiatrists, and/or the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Intervention Online or paper survey. Main Outcome Measures Research skills, resources and productivity, salary, leadership, and academic advancement. Results Results suggested that women rated themselves as being less skilled and having fewer resources for research compared with their male counterparts. Additionally, significantly fewer women applied for grant funding and had a lower publication rate compared with men. A proportionally larger number of women remained at lower academic ranks than men, and fewer women achieved senior academic ranks or positions of leadership. Even after adjusting for potential confounding factors, female sex remained a significant variable associated with lower salaries and lower manuscript production. Unlike men, female respondents tended to believe that being a woman was a negative factor with respect to academic advancement, leadership opportunities, salary, and resources. Conclusions Female rehabilitation researchers were less developed professionally than their male counterparts and saw themselves as disadvantaged. These findings have potential implications for attracting women into rehabilitation research and the rehabilitation research community's efforts to sustain its academic mission, to improve research capacity, and to meet the needs of the 52 million people in the United States with disabilities.
RAY MODEL FOR A PLANAR ANISOTROPIC DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDE

A ray model for the treatment of a planar anisotropic dielectric waveguide is presented. The attenuation coefficient of the guided wave predicted by this model is consistent with the energy-conservation requirement.