cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abnormal suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity in cultured human fibroblasts by hypertriglyceridemic very low density lipoprotein subclasses.

Our previous studies showed that hypertriglyceridemic very low density lipoproteins (HTG VLDL) are functionally abnormal. HTG VLDL, but not normal VLDL, suppress HMG-CoA reductase in cultured normal human fibroblasts. To determine if the suppression by HTG VLDL resulted from a subpopulation of smaller suppressive particles, more homogeneous subclasses of VLDL-VLDL1 (Sf 100–400), VLDL2 (Sf 60–100), and VLDL3 (Sf 20–60) were obtained from the d<1.006 (g°ml−1) fraction of normal and hypertriglyceridemic plasma by flotation through a discontinuous salt gradient and tested for suppression in normal human fibroblasts. VLDL1 and VLDL2 from each of the 12 normolipemic subjects tested failed to suppress HMG-CoA reductase activity in normal fibroblasts. Eleven out of 12 preparations of normal VLDL3 suppressed HMG-CoA reductase, but only one-third as effectively as LDL. By contrast, the VLDL1, VLDL2 and VLDL3 from 15 out of 17 hypertriglyceridemic patients (hyperlipoproteinemia Types IIb, III, IV and V) were highly effective in suppression, with half-maximal suppression at 0.1–2.0 μg VLDL protein/ml. The VLDL abnormality is apparently associated with hypertriglyceridemia and not hypercholesterolemia, since VLDL from a homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patient with a Type IIa pattern did not suppress whereas each of the VLDL subclasses from a Type IIb patient suppressed. Suppression by HTG VLDL in normal cells is apparently a consequence of interaction of the protein portion of the VLDL with the specific LDL cell surface receptor since HTG VLDL1 treated with 0.1 M 1,2-cyclohexanedione to block arginyl residues failed to suppress the enzyme. Moreover, hypertriglyceridemic Sf 60–400 VLDL failed to suppress HMG-CoA reductase activity in LDL receptor-negative fibroblasts. There were no consistent major compositional differences between comparable normal and hypertriglyceridemic VLDL subclasses which could account for differences in suppression. All VLDL subclasses from Type III subjects were enriched in cholesteryl esters and depleted in triglyceride, relative to the corresponding normal VLDL subclasses. However, Type IV and Type V VLDL subclasses were normal in this repect. We conclude from these studies that small particle diameter is not required for suppression, since HTG VLDL1 and VLDL2 which contained few, if any, small particles were effective in suppression.
Synthesis of high molar mass poly(n-butyl acrylate) and poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) by SET-LRP in mixtures of fluorinated alcohols with DMSO

SET-LRP of n-butyl acrylate (nBA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) initiated with bis(2-bromopropionyl)ethane (BPE) to synthesize high molar mass poly(nBA) and poly(EHA) was carried out in binary mixtures of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) or 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol (TFP) with DMSO at 50 °C. Using a solvent mixture of TFP containing 30% DMSO led for the first time to the synthesis of poly(nBA) with Mn = 527 700, Mw/Mn = 1.21 in 12 h, and poly(EHA) with Mn = 913 100, Mw/Mn = 1.20 in 15 h via SET-LRP. Although these two fluorinated alcohols provide complete solubilization of the hydrophobic monomers, nBA and EHA, and of the resulting polymers in addition to an efficient disproportionation of Cu(I)Br and subsequent stabilization of the Cu(II)Br2/L complex, SET-LRP targeting high molar mass poly(nBA) and poly(EHA) in these solvents alone resulted in a relatively slow polymerization with limited conversion. By contrast, DMSO, in spite of being the preferred solvent for SET-LRP with ability to disproportionate Cu(I)Br, stabilizes the “nascent” Cu(0) nanoparticle and provides an efficient SET process, generating a non-living polymerization for these hydrophobic monomers due to the insolubility of the resulting polymers. Remarkably, by a cooperative and synergistic effect, the binary mixtures of TFE or TFP with DMSO provide excellent reaction media for the synthesis of high molar mass poly(nBA) and poly(EHA) by SET-LRP.
Xylitol nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: A pilot study†‡

Objectives/Hypothesis: To determine the tolerability of xylitol mixed with water as a nasal irrigant and to evaluate whether xylitol nasal irrigation results in symptomatic improvement of subjects with chronic rhinosinusitis. Study Design: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled crossover pilot study. Methods: Twenty subjects were instructed to perform sequential 10-day courses of daily xylitol and saline irrigations in a randomized fashion, with a 3-day washout irrigation rest period at the start of each treatment arm. Collected data included patient characteristics, along with Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT-20) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores reported at the beginning and end of each irrigation course. Results: Fifteen of the 20 subjects (75%) returned their SNOT-20 and VAS data for analysis. There was a significant reduction in SNOT-20 score during the xylitol phase of irrigation (mean drop of 2.43 points) as compared to the saline phase (mean increase of 3.93 points), indicating improved sinonasal symptoms (P = .0437). There was no difference in VAS scores. No patient stopped performing the irrigations owing to intolerance of the xylitol, although its sweet taste was not preferred by three subjects (21%). One patient reported transient stinging with xylitol. Conclusions: Xylitol in water is a well-tolerated agent for sinonasal irrigation. In the short term, xylitol irrigations result in greater improvement of symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis as compared to saline irrigation.
COBOL on a PC: a new perspective on a language and its performance

A comparison of Cobol performance on the PC AT Enhanced versus an IBM 370 mainframe suggests that high-quality PC compiler implementations—combined with the new language features of the Cobol 85 Standard—are improving the PC environment for Cobol to the point where serious applications can now be developed and debugged on the PC, either to be run on the PC itself, or for eventual uploading to a mainframe.
Evaluation of regeneration of nerve and reinnervation of skeletal muscle in the hibernating ground squirrel

The retrograde transport of HRP was used to determine the status of axonal transport in the peroneal and sciatic nerves of hibernating and nonhibernating ground squirrels following crush of the peroneal nerve at 10 to 12 mm (SNS) or sciatic nerve at 33 to 35 mm (LNS) from its entrance into the extensor muscle. The ability of the proximal segment to reestablish axonal continuity and thus neuromuscular transmission was also studied. Two weeks to 3 months after nerve crush the extensor muscles were injected with HRP. We found that during hibernation no axonal transport across the site of crush was seen even after 3 months and that regeneration of the nerve during this period was minimal. Evidence of slight regeneration seen at 90 days could be due to periods of awaking of the animals during their natural hibernation cycle. In these animals HRP deposits were seen only in the nerve distal to crush, i.e., between crush site and muscle. In the nonhibernating squirrels, axoplasmic flow was reestablished at the site of injury as early as 2 weeks after crush, and HRP could be detected in the spinal cord in motoneurons of the ipsilateral ventral horn at spinal levels L3 to L5. In one hibernating animal the peroneal nerve was crushed at the distal site (SNS) and also the spinal cord was injured by dropping a weight. After nerve crush and the spinal cord injury the hibernating state could not be maintained and the animal stayed awake 22 days. The time course of regeneration of the nerve in that animal was similar to that seen in nonhibernating squirrels. After nerve crush in nonhibernating animals, reaction product was also found in sensory cell bodies of dorsal root ganglia as well as in terminals in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord at the same levels. Thus, the axonal transport occurs in hibernating and non-hibernating squirrels in both sensory and motor nerve fibers. The extensor muscle fibers of the hibernating squirrels showed substantial membrane depolarization 90 days after crush. Action potentials from these fibers could be obtained from 15 to 35 days only through stimulating the nerve segment distal to the crush. Stimulation of the proximal nerve segment did not evoke muscle activity. These results demonstrate that nerve regeneration was nearly abolished during hibernation and that blockade of axonal transport continued across a region of nerve crush for the duration of the hibernating period.
The ventriculophasic response revisited: analysis of clinical correlations using a new proposed definition derived in pacemaker patients.

Background: The ventriculophasic response (VR) refers to shortening of atrial cycle length during heart block when a QRS complex is interposed between P waves. No formal quantitative definition has heretofore been proposed, nor have its potential clinical correlations been studied. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that VR is present in selected patients who are distinguished by clinical features from those who lack VR. Methods: Pacing devices were temporarily programmed to VVI mode at 30 ppm as electrocardiogram and intracardiac electrograms were recorded at 50 mm/sec paper speed. We measured the percentage decrease in a P-P interval (A-A interval on the atrial electrogram) containing a QRS, compared to the preceding P-P interval. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by echocardiogram. Results: Shortening of P-P interval was observed chiefly when the interposed QRS occurred early in the anticipated P-P interval (as judged by the preceding P-P interval). P-P shortening of 0% to 3% occurred randomly. Defining VR as being a >3% P-P interval shortening when an interposed QRS occurred in the first 60% of the anticipated P-P interval, we found that VR was present in 28 (55%) of our patients. It was quite reproducible, was more common in women (81% vs 37% of men; P = 0.004), and positively correlated with LVEF (r = 0.41, P = 0.004). It did not correlate with age, diabetes, or β-blocker use. Conclusions: Using our newly derived definition of VR, we found the phenomenon was present in 55% of our patients. It was reproducible and more commonly seen in women and patients with LVEF ≥40%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
The Foreign Language Education Specialist and the Foreign Language Department

W ITHIN THE PAST quarter century foreign language education has come to share a significant role with departments of languages and literature in the preparation of foreign language teachers. Adding new and exciting dimensions to teacher preparation, foreign language education has contributed interesting innovations to the teaching scene. At the same time, however, it has given rise to a number of problems which are seen to deter the effectiveness of both the foreign language program and teacher education.
A study of grade six students generating questions and plans for open-ended science investigations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reasoning strategies of urban Year 6 students involved in creating their own questions and plans for scientific investigations. The study focused on how the students generated ideas for their investigations, characteristics of their questions, cognitive tasks involved in designing investigations, the management of variables and the emerging roles of the teachers who mediated investigative activities. The instruction was based on the generative model of teaching primary science (Harlen & Osborne, 1985), which includes stages for exploration, investigation and reflection. The interpretive study was based on videotaped data of students’ discussions during investigation planning, the students’ written documents and field notes. The results indicated that students pursued two major avenues for question generation, varying the teacher directed exploration activity and inventing questions from their own imaginations. Students designed investigations that were both experimental and descriptive in nature. Cognitive tasks for the students centred around transforming abstract ideas into physical objects and events, especially with regard to defining, choosing, and measuring variables. Main roles for the teachers were identified as encouraging group collaboration, and evaluating and influencing variable selection.
Gender Role and Sport Competition Anxiety: A Re-examination.

Abstract The present study tested whether there were significant sport competition anxiety differences among sex-typed, androgynous, and cross sex-typed subjects and whether these differences were consistent with gender schema theory (Bem, 1981b). Approximately 700 subjects were administered the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) and, using two methods of scoring, 216 subjects were selected because of being either sex-typed (masculine males, feminine females), cross sex-typed (masculine females, feminine males) or androgynous (males and females who have strong masculine and feminine dimensions). Each subject was tested for competition anxiety using the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). A one-way ANOVA of SCAT scores by group was significant, F(5,210) = 6.52, p < .001. Post-hoc analysis revealed that feminine females had significantly more competitive trait anxiety than all other groups and androgynous females were more anxious than masculine males (p < .05). The results are discussed in terms of gender sc...
Effects of adenine nucleotides on choriogonadotropin α and β subunit synthesis

Abstract The α subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (CG) contains a discrete cAMP response element in the 5′ flanking region of the gene. Since cAMP also stimulates the synthesis of the CGβ subunit the presence of a cAMP cis element in the CGβ gene was examined. Deletion mutants bearing various lengths of CGβ 5′ region in front of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene were transfected in placental tumor cells. No discrete cAMP response element could be identified. Unexpectedly we also observed that AMP and adenosine not only stimulated CAT activity driven by CGβ promoter sequences but also enhanced synthesis of CGα and β subunits in cultured choriocarcinoma cells. GMP, CMP, guanosine, and cytosine were inactive at comparable concentrations. These data suggest that the response of the CGα and β genes to the non-cyclic adenine derivatives occurs by a mechanism that differs from cAMP.
Seq and the city

As 1.7 billion riders pass through New York City’s 466 subway stations every year, they leave a little bit of themselves behind but also take something of their environment with them. Although poets and authors have long contemplated this exchange on a metaphysical level, Afshinnekoo et al . now provide actual genetic evidence. In doing so, they offer a glimpse into the highly dynamic and varied genetic ecology of the largest mass transit system in the world. The authors obtained 1457 swabs from 484 locations, including all 466 open subway stations. This included station turnstiles and kiosks as well as train doors, handrails, and seats. DNA was extracted and sequenced, resulting in 10.4 billion reads that were then aligned to known sequences. Notably, 48% of reads did not match to a known organism. Although some of these unfamiliar sequences will represent species not previously identified, most will likely reflect organisms with genomes yet to be sequenced and cataloged. For example, the Mediterranean fruit fly and mountain pine beetle were among the most abundant eukaryotic species identified; however, the authors note that cockroaches are not yet in the NCBI database. The authors also analyzed human DNA allele frequency. In doing so, they found station-specific demographics that were remarkably similar to census demographic data. However, it was bacteria that constituted the largest category (47% of all reads), followed by eukaryotes (0.8%), viruses (0.03%), and archaea (0.003%). Pseudomonas stutzeri was the most frequently identified bacterial species, followed by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Enterobacter cloacae . The identified viruses were largely phages that mirrored the prevalence of their target bacteria. Of potential clinical relevance, the authors identified several antibiotic-resistant genes as well as bioterror pathogens including Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis . Among several other findings, the authors also document temporal shifts in bacterial ecology at one station over the course of a day. They observed a striking dynamism whereby only 5 to10% of taxa persisted over that time. The methods and setting described by Afshinnekoo et al. have been described before. Rather, it is the scope of their efforts that sets this analysis apart. By sampling every New York City subway station, the authors present a broad snapshot of the city’s genetic profile. That sampling was largely limited to subway stations and typically occurred at only one time per station. However, sampling and testing of additional locations is ongoing and promises a more comprehensive and deeper understanding of the city’s highly dynamic and varied genetic footprint. E. Afshinnekoo et al. , Geospatial resolution of human and bacterial diversity with city-scale metagenomics. Cell Systems 10.1016/j.cels.2015.01.001 (2015). [[Full Text]][1] [1]: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2015.01.001
Minimizing marker mass and handling time when attaching radio-transmitters and geolocators to small songbirds

ABSTRACT Radio-transmitters and light-level geolocators are currently small enough for use on songbirds weighing 1 yr. Neither harness type requires plastic or metal tubes, rings, or other attachment fixtures on the marker, nor do they require crimping beads, epoxy, scissors, or tying knots while handling birds. Both harnesses add 0.03 g to the...
Weighted small gaussian expansions of Slater-type atomic orbitals

Abstract Small gaussian expansions of Slater-type atomic orbitals are generated under a wide range of radial weighting conditions by full least-squares procedures, and the quality of the wave functions obtained is examined for a particular expectation value, electron density at the nucleus.
Moving toward Culturally Competent Practice with Muslims: Modifying Cognitive Therapy with Islamic Tenets

Relatively little information exists on the provision of culturally competent services to Muslims, in spite of the growing presence of this population in the United States. Consequently, the authors discuss a number of therapeutic approaches in light of their level of congruence with common Islamic values. Psychodynamic approaches, for example, may not be as congruent as cognitive approaches. Although cognitive therapy may be relatively consistent with Islamic values, the self-statements that are central to this modality are often packaged in secular terminology that is inconsistent with Islamic norms. To provide culturally relevant services, practitioners must unwrap the secular terminology used to express the underlying therapeutic precepts and then repackage the precepts in terminology that reflects Islamic teaching. The authors conclude by offering a number of examples to illustrate the construction of statements that reflect Islamic values.
Majority carrier current characteristics in large-grain polycrystalline-silicon-Schottky-barrier solar cells

A theoretical analysis is made of the nonexponential current-voltage characteristics observed in Al-poly-Si (Wacker) Schottky-barrier solar cells fabricated in our laboratory. In this model, we consider a grain boundary effectively in parallel with the Schottky junction. Comparison between experimental data and numerical calculation indicates that the grain boundary may be represented by a fixed interface charge, a uniformly distributed interface state density, and a neutral level E 0 . Diodes fabricated in regions with high-angle grain boundaries behave in a manner which conforms closely with the proposed model.
High speed data amplification using hybrid silicon evanescent amplifier

Data amplification using hybrid silicon evanescent amplifier is demonstrated at bit rates up to 40 Gbps. The amplifier exhibits 13 dB on-chip gain with low power penalty of 0.5 dB. Pattern effects due to carrier lifetime are investigated.
Understanding underrepresentation in IT through intersectionality

Results of an investigation of the effect of intersectionality on perceptions of university students about IT careers are presented. This analysis deepens the discussion began at the 2011 iConference by presenting an examination of responses of African American males and females on the topic of gender norms and stereotypes about IT professionals. The findings provide evidence of the influence of race on gender stereotypes that individuals hold about the IT field. Gender differences in stereotypes reveal within-race variation in perceptions about the IT field. IT skills perceived by African American females as feminine are nearly identical to those found across all participants in the study. In contrast, African American males did not identify any skills as feminine. These results suggest that finer grained analysis of under representation in the IT field can be achieved by pursuing the intersectionality of gender and race.
Fracture kinetics of particle bed comminution — ramifications for fines production and mill optimization

Abstract This paper examines the retardation of breakage kinetics during the compressive loading of narrowly sized mineral feeds in confined particle beds. In particle-bed comminution, the granular composition of the particle-bed limits the maximum achievable degree of size reduction through a self-regulating mechanism. An analysis of the comminution of coarse-fine admixtures demonstrates that the mechanism of force–flux concentration/distribution accounts for the changing breakage rates. The evolution of the size spectra with energy expenditure is an asymptotic process in which size fractions reach their final state in a consecutive manner. An optimum energy or circuit factor exists for a given feed and cut size of a closed circuit. Addition of fines to a coarse feed can reduce the generation of fine particles resulting from stagewise size reduction of coarse particles.
Apoptogenic ganglioside GD3 directly induces the mitochondrial permeability transition.

Abstract Early events in apoptotic cascades initiated by ceramides or by activation of the surface receptor CD95 (Fas/APO-1) include the formation of ganglioside GD3. GD3 appears to be both necessary and sufficient to propagate this lipid-mediated apoptotic pathway. Later events common to many apoptotic pathways include induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) and cytochrome c release, which in turn triggers downstream caspases and cell death. The links between GD3 formation and downstream stages of apoptosis are unknown. We report that ganglioside GD3 directly induces the PT in isolated rat liver mitochondria at 30–100 μm in the presence of exogenous substrate (succinate) and at ∼3 μm in the absence of exogenous substrate. In contrast, other gangliosides tested (e.g. GM1) have only weak stimulatory effects in the presence of succinate and protect against PT induction in the absence of respiratory substrates. GD3-mediated induction of PT was antagonized by known PT inhibitors, namely cyclosporin A, ADP, trifluoperazine, and Mg2+. GD3 induced PT even in the presence of submicromolar Ca2+; GD3 is therefore the first biological PT inducer identified that does not require elevated Ca2+. Exposure to GD3 also led to mitochondrial cytochrome c release. In contrast, C2-ceramide, which can initiate the lipid-mediated apoptotic cascade in susceptible cells, failed to either induce PT or release cytochrome c. These observations suggest that GD3 propagates apoptosis by inducing the PT and cytochrome crelease. This model provides a mechanistic link between the earlier and later stages of CD95-induced/ceramide-mediated apoptosis.
SIMOMM: An Integrated Molecular Orbital/Molecular Mechanics Optimization Scheme for Surfaces

Reactions on surfaces are often modeled using molecular clusters which are too small to accurately represent the mechanical environment of bulk materials. The small size of these clusters is driven by the large cost of ab initio quantum mechanical (QM) computational methods needed to accurately model chemical reactions. Hybrid computational approaches that interface quantum mechanics with molecular mechanics (MM) methods, commonly referred to as QM/MM methods, are becoming increasingly popular for treating large systems, but these hybrid methods have not been applied to surface models. This paper presents a QM/MM optimization scheme for modeling surfaces that is based on the IMOMM approach of Maseras and Morokuma. The modified method, (S)urface IMOMM, and its applications to surface chemistry are discussed.
Naked DNA transport and expression in mammalian cells

The tremendous promise of gene therapy is stymied by inefficient gene transfer. Non-viral methods of transferring genes directly into tissues in situ have great potential for solving this problem. One attractive approach for non-viral direct gene transfer is the use of naked DNA. Previously, it was thought that naked DNA was able to express in only muscle and at low efficiency. We have recently found that naked DNA delivered intraportally can express at high levels in hepatocytes. Other non-viral methods of gene transfer are under development and these include ternary complexes of histone protein and liposomes. Besides trial-and-error approaches, the mechanism of the nuclear entry of plasmid DNA, a critical step, has been under intense study. It is anticipated that further advances in the efficiency of direct, non-viral gene transfer will enable its use in clinical settings in the near future.
Influencing the Development of Young Children with Disabilities: Current Themes in Early Intervention

Early intervention as a field encompasses a multitude of approaches. Nevertheless, recent research and theory have led to increasing agreement on the characteristics of high quality services. Two themes, `development-in-context' and `systems of service', are particularly evident in the changes taking place in service delivery. This article describes these themes and demonstrates how they are interwoven throughout different components of early intervention systems.
The effects of divalent ions on morphine analgesia and abstinence syndrome in morphine-tolerant and -dependent mice.

Intracerebral administration of copper sulfate potentiated morphine analgesia in morphinetolerant and-dependent mice. The stereotyped jumping response, precipitated by naloxone, was inhibited by copper in morphine-dependent mice, but copper failed to affect other abstinence signs. When abstinence was precipitated with a partial antagonist, nalorphine, stereotyped jumping was not inhibited by either calcium or copper. These modification of narcotic effects by copper were produced without alterations in the brain disposition of morphine. Total radioactivity in the brain following radioactive naloxone administration was also not altered.
Emotional intelligence and autonomic self-perception: Emotional abilities are related to visceral acuity

Abstract Emotional intelligence (EI) comprises the abilities of identifying and perceiving emotions, using emotions to facilitate cognition, understanding emotions, and managing emotions. We examined the postulate that emotionally intelligent people should be better at discerning physiological events. It was expected that individuals high in the facets of EI, particularly good emotional perceivers, would be better at perceiving their autonomic nervous system activity (i.e., heartbeats). Seventy-nine undergraduates completed an ability-based EI measure, the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), and performed a visceral self-perception task (heartbeat detection). Although emotional perception was not related to discriminating autonomic activity reliably, the other EI facets were related to visceral self-perception. The pattern of relationships was similar for males and females, with some exceptions. The present study provides support for the validity of the theory of emotional intelligence.
Multiport Diffusers for Dense Discharges

AbstractComprehensive laboratory experiments on multiport diffusers for dense effluents such as brine into stationary receiving waters are reported. Tracer concentration fields were mapped in three dimensions by laser-induced fluorescence (3DLIF). The effect of port spacing is described by s/dF where s is the port spacing, d the nozzle diameter, and F the jet densimetric Froude number. For s/dF>∼2, the jets did not merge, and the results followed expected asymptotic solutions for single jets. For s/dF<2 the jets merged, but did not follow expected asymptotic line source solutions. As the port spacing was reduced, the rise height and other geometrical variables decreased. The dilutions also decreased, but much more rapidly than predicted. These were caused by Coanda effects and merging. The Coanda effect caused an under pressure on the interior jet surfaces which caused them to curve more sharply inwards. This shortened their trajectories, reducing the external surface area available for entrainment. Jet m...
Gravity measurements at Sea, 1947

A long-range program of gravity measurements at sea has been instituted. The measurements are made on board United States submarines. The Vening Meinesz pendulum apparatus is being used with improved timing provided by a crystal chronometer, and timing marks inserted by spoked wheels of a synchronous motor. Data to make second-order correction terms of Browne are observed with the Vening Meinesz long-period pendulum apparatus. A precise depth gage record is made and correlated with the pendulum record. During 1947 gravity observations were made as follows: 104 on U.S.S. Tusk along the east coast of the United States north of Cape Hatteras, 86 on U.S.S. Conger along the west coast of South America, and 56 on U.S.S. Conger along the north coast of South America.
Gender Differences in the Impact of Family of Origin Violence on Perpetrators of Domestic Violence

This study examines the applicability of theories related to the intergenerational transmission of violence. Studies of the impact of violence in the family of origin on the propensity to engage in domestic violence as an adult have commonly focused on boys as potential perpetrators. This study examined the impact of previous violent victimization on males and females charged with domestic violence perpetration, finding previous violence significantly related to increased fear and hyper-vigilance to threat in adult relationships. In addition, the study explored the theoretical assertion that those who use violence in their homes are not also generally violent and found that the majority of individuals using violence, both males and females, were not violent outside the home.
The Governance of Teacher Education and Systemic Reform

Changing schools is hard work, has unpredictable results, and seems unlikely when directed from "the center. " Teacher education policy should rest on the meta-modeling of constructivist theory: It...
Effects of epidermal growth factor, phorbol myristate acetate, and arachidonic acid on choriogonadotropin secretion by cultured human choriocarcinoma cells.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) binds specifically (Ka = 4 × 109 m−1; 1.3 × 1011 receptors/mg cellular protein) to JEG-3 cells, which respond in the succeeding 24 h by a 400% increase in hCG secretion without a significant change in cell number. Since JEG-3 cells store less than 2% of the 24-h hCG secretion, a significant increase in hCG in the culture medium reflects increased hCG biosynthesis. It is observed that a tumor promoter, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), binds specifically to the cells (Ka = 5 × 108 m−1; 3.9 × 1011 receptors/mg), reduces (33%) the affinity but not the number of EGF receptors, and stimulates hCG to the same extent as does EGF. The relative potencies of PMA (100%), phorbol dibutyrate (25%), and nonesterified phorbol (no effect) to stimulate hCG parallel their known tumor-promoting activities. Since phospholipids and fatty acids have been implicated in the mechanism of action of EGF and PMA, the effects of arachidonic acid (AA) and inhibitors of its metabolism were studied. The addi...
Coupled electron spin resonance of non-S-state impurities in metals

The dynamical coupling of the individual crystal-field transitions and the conduction electrons is investigated for non$S$-state ions in an arbitrary crystal field. The equations given are the result of a microscopic quantum-statistical treatment. All relevant terms of the transition matrix have been calculated in the lowest nonvanishing order of perturbation theory. The results allow a quantitative description of the experimental ESR spectra. A particular physically realistic example is discussed in detail. A large temperature-dependent $g$ shift and a decrease of the width with increasing concentration is found for the local-moment resonance. At high temperatures the coupling to the excited states plays an important role and in particular affects the conduction-electron resonance shift. The relevance of these effects for actual physical situations is discussed in some detail.
ACTION OF RADIATION ON MAMMALIAN CELLS III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REPRODUCTIVE DEATH AND INDUCTION OF CHROMOSOME ANOMALIES BY X-IRRADIATION OF EUPLOID HUMAN CELLS IN VITRO

X irradiation of euploid human cells under conditions of stable growth in tissue culture produces chromosomal anomalies whose nature and frequency depend on the dose. Below 50 r the approximate mean lethal dose for cell reproduction in the strains employed practically the only anomalies obtained are those characteristic of single hits. Above this dose range, the incidence of simple breaks is increased, and complex breaks indicative of interaction between two or more hit chromosomes appear and increase with dose. These data support the previously advanced interpretation that the primary process leading to destruction of the reproductive ability of cultured single mammalian cells by x irradiation is a damage to the chromosomes, and they place an upper limit of 40 to 60 r on the value of the dose needed to produce an average of one chromosome abnormality in an euploid, fibroblast-like human cell under these conditions. Pictures of various radiationproduced chromosome breaks, translocations, dicentrics, and ring chromosomes in reproducing, euploid human cells are presented. (auth)
A PROPOSED MULTI‐VALUED EXTENSION TO ALGOL 68

Current digital hardware technology has been generally based upon the binary, base 2, number system; but, recent advances in the designing of base 3 circuitry indicate that there may be a future wide choice for the hardware user in multi‐valued circuitry. We have now reached the point in computer hardware, given the cost of wiring, where it certainly may be more economical to construct a base 3 computer as an alternative to a base 2 computer; moreover, many k‐valued arithmetic operations can be executed quicker and more efficiently. Reference in this connection is made to ALGOL‐68.
Robust passive hardware metering

Current hardware metering techniques, which use manifestational properties of gates for ID extraction, are weakened by the non-uniform effects of aging in conjunction with variations in temperature and supply voltage. As an integrated circuit (IC) ages, the manifestational properties of the gates change, and thus the ID used for hardware metering can not be valid over time. Additionally, the previous approaches require large amounts of costly measurements and often are difficult to scale to large designs. We resolve the deleterious effects of aging by going to the physical level and primarily targeting the characterization of threshold voltage. Although threshold voltage is modified with aging, we can recover its original value for use as the IC identifier. Another key aspect of our approach involves using IC segmentation for gate-level characterization. This results in a cost effective approach by limiting measurements, and has a significant effect on the approach scalability. Finally, by using threshold voltage for ID creation, we are able to quantify the probability of coincidence between legitimate and pirated ICs, thus for the first time quantitatively and accurately demonstrating the effectiveness of a hardware metering approach.
Fluorometric assay for the hydrolytic activity of lipase using fatty acyl esters of 4-methylumbelliferone.

Abstract Butyryl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl, nonanoyl, palmitoyl, and oleoyl esters of 4-methylumbelliferone were synthesized and tested as substrates to determine the hydrolytic activity of five preparations of acid or alkaline lipases. The highest rate of hydrolysis was obtained with the hexanoyl ester for steapsin, the heptanoyl ester for wheat germ and peanut lipases, the octanoyl ester for castor bean lipase, and the nonanoyl ester for porcine lipase; relative variations in the rates with the other esters were found among the enzymes. Enzymic hydrolysis of these nonfluorescent esters releases intensely fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone; the course of the hydrolytic reaction is continuously observed by spectrofluorometric measurement of the rate of the production of fluorescence. By this procedure the apparent Michaelis constant (Km) for the catalysis of heptanoyl 4-methylumbelliferone by the lipase preparations and the specific activities of the preparations were determined and are reported.
The effect of non-response on risk ratios in a cardiovascular disease study.

Abstract In a population-based cardiovascular disease study with a response rate of 82.1%, we obtained information on cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in both respondents and non-respondents. In general participants were a somewhat biased subset of the target population in that they tended to overrepresent the ‘worried well’, i.e. those with risk factors but without disease. This response bias represents independent bias in both risk factor and disease distribution. This ‘combined bias’ produced minor to moderate errors in risk ratio calculations in our study. However, greater error in risk ratios could occur in a study with a similarly biased respondent sample and a lower response rate.
Twenty five years of remote sensing in precision agriculture: Key advances and remaining knowledge gaps

Precision agriculture dates back to the middle of the 1980's. Remote sensing applications in precision agriculture began with sensors for soil organic matter, and have quickly diversified to include satellite, aerial, and hand held or tractor mounted sensors. Wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation initially focused on a few key visible or near infrared bands. Today, electromagnetic wavelengths in use range from the ultraviolet to microwave portions of the spectrum, enabling advanced applications such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR), fluorescence spectroscopy, and thermal spectroscopy, along with more traditional applications in the visible and near infrared portions of the spectrum. Spectral bandwidth has decreased dramatically with the advent of hyperspectral remote sensing, allowing improved analysis of specific compounds, molecular interactions, crop stress, and crop biophysical or biochemical characteristics. A variety of spectral indices now exist for various precision agriculture applications, rather than a focus on only normalised difference vegetation indices. Spatial resolution of aerial and satellite remote sensing imagery has improved from 100's of m to sub-metre accuracy, allowing evaluation of soil and crop properties at fine spatial resolution at the expense of increased data storage and processing requirements. Temporal frequency of remote sensing imagery has also improved dramatically. At present there is considerable interest in collecting remote sensing data at multiple times in order to conduct near real time soil, crop and pest management.
More thought about demand revealing

In a number of conversations between myself and Howard Margolis it has always been clear to me that he did not understand my point of view. He apparently thinks that I do not understand his, and I must concede that this is possible. This puts me in some difficulty in the joint role of author and editor because if I understand him properly, once again, I am not sure that I do, he is making an elementary mistake and therefore I should not have published his paper. If, on the other hand, I do not understand him properly, then this reply is misguided and should not have been published. In view of the importance of the subject, however, and the fact that we do seem to continually misunderstand each other, I thought that bringing the debate out in the open would be worthwhile. Perhaps some of the readers of this journal can either decide who is misunderstanding whom or perhaps explain both of us to the other. To begin with the elementary mistake, the demand curve that economists draw is literally the demand curve, i.e. what the person demands with no attention whatsoever to why he demands it. Thus, if some individual has two different motives for demanding something or other, we simply look at the sum of these two motives when we draw the demand curve. We may, of course, and indeed it is not particularly uncommon among economists, decide that we would like to disentangle the two component parts of his demand and in doing so we might draw in two partial demand curves. In Margolis's case, there are two component demand curves, one by the individual for himself, and as a second his interest in having other people get the right amount of the public good. The demand curve referred to in 'The Demand Revealing Process', however, is simply the total demand that the person has for the public good. It is indeed true that most economists having observed the functioning of the market and government for some time tend to think that most people, most of the time, have a demand curve, the overwhelmingly largest component of which is their own selfish desires. None of us, as far as I know, think that is the only component but we do think it is a large enough component, let
Wife battering in South Korea: An ecological systems analysis

abstract Article history:Received 2 May 2010Received in revised form 27 July 2010Accepted 28 July 2010Available online 5 August 2010Keywords:Ecological systems theorySouth KoreaDomestic violenceWife batteringViolence against women This article reviews the risk and protective factors for wife battering in South Korea based on the ecologicalsystems theory. Although wife battering has been recognized as a major social problem in South Korea,understanding this phenomenon has been limited because the majority of empirical studies have examinedindividual characteristics without much consideration to broader environmental contexts for the victims andperpetrators. This review integrates the existing ﬁndings collectively on the factors associated with wifebattering in South Korea within the context of micro-, meso-, exo-, macro-, and chrono-system levels. We thenformulate implications on assessment and intervention strategies, which practitioners can utilize.© 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Contents1. Introduction 16242. Ecological systems analysis 16242.1. Micro-system 16242.1.1. Socio-demographic characteristics 16242.1.2. Witnessing parental violence 16242.1.3. Abuse during childhood 16252.2. Meso-system 16252.2.1. Police 16252.2.2. Social-support networks 16252.3. Exo-system 16252.4. Macro-system 16262.4.1. Patriarchy 16262.4.2. Drinking culture 16262.5. Chrono-system 16262.5.1. Marital violence laws 16262.5.2. Asian economic crisis 16262.5.3. Changing societal awareness and perceptions 16263. Assessment and interventions 16273.1. Micro-system 16273.2. Meso-system 16273.3. Exo-system 16283.4. Macro-system 16283.5. Chrono-system 1628
Multiphase materials with lignin: 5. Effect of lignin structure on hydroxypropyl cellulose blend morphology

Abstract The incremental elimination of hydroxy functionality in an organosolv lignin by ethylation or acetylation dramatically influenced the state of miscibility and resulting morphology of blends prepared with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). A maximum level of interaction between the blend components, as determined from melting point depression, occurred where 23–40% of the hydroxy groups were substituted. Above this level of modification, the interaction parameter decreased rapidly. Complete incompatibility occurred at a 90% degree of substitution with acetoxy functionality. Essentially three distinct phase morphologies could be detected in these materials. At the lowest levels of interaction, the morphology resulted from lignin domain formation and hydroxypropyl cellulose liquid crystal mesophase separation. A completely miscible, amorphous blend resulted when the polymer-polymer interaction was maximized. At intermediate levels, however, these materials were characterized by a dispersion of liquid crystal domains in an amorphous, lignin-reinforced HPC matrix.
New directions in the conceptualization of psychotic disorders.

Purpose of reviewRecent studies raise controversies about the nature of psychotic illnesses, and the role of life experiences and drug abuse as causative agents in the onset of psychoses.Recent findingsEvidence from studies across many geographic locales and cultures finds increased risk of psychose
Response to “comment on ‘quantum formalism via signal analysis’”

A corrected demonstration of the statistical condition relating amplitudes and probabilities is presented.
Partial Liquid Ventilation Using High Frequency Oscillation: Effects of Changes in Frequency on Gas Exchange. † 1593

Partial Liquid Ventilation Using High Frequency Oscillation: Effects of Changes in Frequency on Gas Exchange. † 1593
Creating and Evaluating a Feminist-Informed Social Justice Couple and Family Therapy Training Model

Abstract Over the past several decades couple and family therapists have been engaged in a dialogue about issues of diversity. Some scholars have argued that the CFT field has not fully addressed diversity issues when training student therapists. Our purpose in writing this paper is to clearly identify how a feminist-informed social justice training model fits within accreditation standards of COAMFTE. The components of the model (i.e., coursework, supervision, CFT faculty relationships, CFT community relationships, relationships with local communities, recruitment, and research) are common pieces of all training programs, but in this paper we suggest ways for transforming these aspects of training to be centered in feminism and social justice. The paper concludes with the presentation of the results from two qualitative evaluations that illustrates the benefits and challenges of the feminist-informed social justice training model.