cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biomass production and nutrient cycling in aquatic macrophyte communities of the Chowan River, North Carolina

Abstract Net primary productivity (NPP) of Nuphar luteum (L.) Sibth. & Smith and Justicia americana (L.) Vahl was estimated for stands in the Chowan River, North Carolina. NPP of J. americana was estimated at 173 g dry wt. m −2 per growing season, based on the difference between maximum and minimum standing crops. For N. luteum , the great variation in biomass estimates and observed high mortality of floating leaves during the growing season resulted in an underestimate of net production using this approach. Estimates based on tagging experiments were 222 g dry wt. m −2 year −1 using annual turnover rates, compared to 234 g dry wt. m −2 year −1 using monthly rates. Nearly 92% of this net production was accounted for by above-ground structures, although they represented only 33% of the biomass at any one time. Nutrient distributions in both species differed spatially and seasonally for each plant structure, which suggests that accurate estimates of nutrient turnover would have been masked by whole plant analyses. Most notable, were high affinities of iron in below-ground structures and calcium and nitrogen in above-ground structures for both species. One-half the dry mass of above-ground structures was lost from mesh bags in only 7 days for N. luteum compared to 60 days for J. americana , indicating the high recycling potential of aquatic plant detritus. Nutrient immobilization during decomposition was minor except for calcium and magnesium in above-ground structures of J. americana . Highest nutrient turnover rates were for nitrogen and potassium at about 7.5 g m −2 year −1 in N. luteum and nutrient turnover rates for the floating-leaf macrophyte were higher than for the emergent macrophyte. Assuming that most of these nutrients originated from the sediments, these turnover rates represent significant fluxes of nutrients to the water column.
Filamentous Structures in Ectromelia Virus-infected Cells

THE presence of parallel arrays of thin lamellae clustered in bundles in the cytoplasm of some tumour cells containing Shope fibroma virus has been depicted by Bernhard et al. 1. Fawcett2 has observed irregular, coarse bundles of dense filaments in the cytoplasm of virus-containing tumour cells of the Lucke renal adenocarcinoma. Morgan et al. 3, reviewing their earlier micrographs of chick chorioallantois infected with fowl pox, found clusters of dense filaments, indistinguishable from those described by Bernhard, in the cytoplasm of ectodermal cells containing virus particles4. More recently, Reczko5 has demonstrated the presence of groups of lamellae in the epithelial cells of guinea pig peritoneum infected with swine pox virus. In electron micrographs of sections of chick chorioallantoic membranes infected with ectromelia virus, bundles of filaments have been observed in association with intra-cytoplasmic virus inclusion bodies.
The introduction of genetically modified food in the United States and the United Kingdom: A news analysis

Abstract Genetically modified (GM) food is a highly controversial topic. Research has shown that individuals gather information on controversial issues predominantly from newspapers. This paper compares newspaper coverage of GM food during the years 1993–2003 within two U.S. and two U.K. newspapers. The data suggests a greater affinity for similar coverage within the same country than between similar regions in different countries. Regardless of the geographic location, newspaper coverage appears to be event driven. The study reported here represents an exploratory engagement with GM food; we suggest that the topic warrants further study by geographers.
Autologous fat transplants influence compensatory white adipose tissue mass increases after lipectomy.

Direct tests of the hypothesized total body fat regulatory system have been accomplished by partial surgical lipectomy. This usually results in the restoration of the lipid deficit through compensa...
Reliance Upon Wives' Earnings for Homeownership Attainment: Caught Between the Locomotive and the Caboose

In recent years a fresh awareness has emerged that demographic trends wield an impact on housing markets independent of the income effects on which most eco nomic models focus (Alonso 1980) Dra matic social changes occurred during the 1970s Perhaps the best recognized factor impacting housing markets was the emer gence of the baby boom generation into adulthood and the consequent surge in household formations In addition to this shift in age structure, the accelerated entry of women into the labor force represents one of the most dramatic social changes of this century (Smith 1979) Despite the general significance of these social changes, little recognition has been given to the relationships working women of the baby boom generation have established with the housing market. This article will focus on the relationship between employ ment by young married women and home buying
Malignant brainstem gliomas in adults: clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors

Adult malignant brainstem gliomas (BSGs) are poorly characterized due to their relative rarity. We have examined histopathologically confirmed cases of adult malignant BSGs to better characterize the patient and tumor features and outcomes, including the natural history, presentation, imaging, molecular characteristics, prognostic factors, and appropriate treatments. A total of 34 patients were identified, consisting of 22 anaplastic astrocytomas (AAs) and 12 glioblastomas (GBMs). The overall median survival for all patients was 25.8 months, with patients having GBMs experiencing significantly worse survival (12.1 vs. 77.0 months, p = 0.0011). The majority of tumors revealed immunoreactivity for EGFR (93.3 %) and MGMT (64.7 %). Most tumors also exhibited chromosomal abnormalities affecting the loci of epidermal growth factor receptor (92.9 %), MET (100 %), PTEN (61.5 %), and 9p21 (80 %). AAs more commonly appeared diffusely enhancing (50.0 vs. 27.3 %) or diffusely nonenhancing (25.0 vs. 0.0 %), while GBMs were more likely to exhibit focal enhancement (54.6 vs. 10.0 %). Multivariate analysis revealed confirmed histopathology for GBM to significantly affect survival (HR 4.80; 95 % CI 1.86–12.4; p = 0.0012). In conclusion, adult malignant BSGs have an overall poor prognosis, with GBM tumors faring significantly worse than AAs. As AAs and GBMs have differing imaging characteristics, tissue diagnosis may be necessary to accurately determine patient prognosis and identify molecular characteristics which may aid in the treatment of these aggressive tumors.
Effect of precursor history on residual stress and relaxation behaviour of high temperature polyimides

Abstract Using a wafer bending technique, residual stress and its relaxation were investigated for four different kinds of high temperature polyimides: rodlike PMDA-PDA, semi-rigid BPDA-PDA, semi-flexible PMDA-ODA, and flexible BTDA-ODA. Residual stress was measured in situ on silicon wafers during thermal imidization of the polyimide precursors and subsequent cooling of the resulting polyimides as a function of temperature over the range of 25–400°C. The stress of the cured films at room temperature was significantly relaxed by the moisture uptake of the films rather than their creep behaviour. Both residual stress and moisture-induced stress relaxation in the cured polyimide films were strongly dependent upon the molecular nature (that is, molecular chain rigidity, degree of molecular orientation and packing), as well as the precursor origin. In addition, the diffusion coefficients of water in the cured polyimide films were estimated by best-fitting stress relaxation against time profiles.
Electrospray mass spectrometry for characterization of lipid A from Enterobacter agglomerans

Negative ion and positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry have been employed to characterize the lipid A mixture produced by hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharides from Enterobacter agglomerans, a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in field cotton. Neutral monophosphoryl lipid A molecules form stable anions via deprotonation, but adduct formation via cation attachment occurs in low yield. Dephosphorylated lipid A molecules, on the other hand, readily form adducts with Na+, whereas deprotonation occurs in low yield. The mass spectra of lipid A produced by E. agglomerans reveal the presence of lipid A ions which differ in the nature of attached fatty acid side chains. At least two heptaacyl forms of lipid A are present, one of which has a structure which appears to be the same as the structure of heptaacyl lipid A produced by Salmonella minnesota. The second structure differs only by the nature of the side chain at position 3' of the disaccharide backbone where a hydroxymyristoyloxymyristoyl group replaces the myristoyloxymyristoyl substituent. Collisionally activated dissociations prior to mass analysis enable the identification of fragment ions which can be distinguished from at least eight intact deprotonated molecules present in crude lipid A.
Orientational Distributions of the Di-α-helical Synthetic Peptide ZnPPIX-BBC16 in Langmuir Monolayers by X-ray Reflectivity and Polarized Epifluorescence

The vectorial orientation of the peptide ZnPPIX-BBC16 in a Langmuir monolayer was studied by means of X-ray reflectivity and polarized epifluorescence. ZnPPIX-BBC16 consists of two α-helical 31-mers dimerized via a disulfide bridge between two N-terminal cysteines (α-S−S-α), so that two bis-his metalloporphyrin binding sites between positions 10,10‘ and 24,24‘ are formed. Zn(II) protoporphyrin IX was bound to the position 24. To enhance stability at the interface, a palmitoyl (C16) chain was bonded to each N-terminal cysteine. X-ray reflectivity measurements make it possible to infer the orientation of the α-helices by determining the electron density profile of the monolayer. Polarized epifluorescence provides the orientation distribution of the porphyrin with respect to the monolayer plane. Both X-ray and fluorescence measurements show that at low surface pressure (π = 5 mN/m), the peptide α-helices lie in the plane of the water surface with a narrow orientational distribution of the porphyrin. At high ...
Transient protection conditions in pipe-line stations

PROTECTION of electric equipment transient disturbances caused by lightning or power-line switching is a subject which is of concern in every industry which was electric equipment. To provide a more complete picture of the considerations involved, the general situation is examined as well as the specialized conditions existing in pipe-line installations and other petroleum industry applications.
Nitrosamines in beverages

Abstract Traces of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) have been reported in many types of beer but are not normally found in beverages (other than those derived from malt) consumed in the UK. A range of control methods is now in use, and these have led to marked reductions in NDMA; the chemical and biochemical processes involved in NDMA formation in malt, and in the treatments which can minimise this, are discussed. Analytical methods for the measurement of NDMA and other volatile nitrosamines are now well established and can give high quality analytical data. Analysis of non-volatile nitrosamines at trace levels presents some novel problems; these are discussed along with some approaches to their solution. Data from a few samples illustrate some of the various questions which may require further consideration.
Nuclear retention of 18S ribosomal RNA by human myeloma cells.

Normal quiescent lymphocytes regulate their ribosome content by selectively degrading newly synthesized 18S ribosomal RNA. Unlike actively dividing HeLa cells, lymphocytes retain 18 S ribosomal RNA in the nucleus after synthesis instead of immediately transporting it to the cytoplasm. Subcellular fractionation of the highly differentiated human neoplastic lymphocyte RPMI-8226 reveals that this cell line also retains 18 S ribosomal RNA in the nucleus, a trait not displayed by the less differentiated human lymphoblastoid cell line RPMI-4265. These observations suggest that neoplastic cells can be phenotypically characterized by their ribosomal RNA processing patterns.
Enantioselective Aminolysis of an α-Chloroester Catalyzed by Candida cylindracea Lipase Encapsulated in Sol−Gel Silica Glass

Lipase from Candida cylindracea (CcL) encapsulated in porous silica glass by a sol−gel method catalyzes enantioselective aminolysis of ethyl 2-chloropropionate. A silica matrix enhances the enzyme activity, i.e., improves the yield. The scope and limitations of the aminolysis reaction were investigated, and dynamic kinetic resolution of the ester was achieved. Encapsulated lipase remains active when used repeatedly. Encapsulation much improves the chiral discrimination by lipase and makes this enzyme even more useful in organic chemistry.
Thyroxine initiation of epidermal differentiation as studied in vitro in chemically defined medium.

Abstract Thyroxine and tri-iodo-thyronine, when supplied in a protein-free defined nutrient medium in vitro , initiate differentiation of 8 and 10 day chick shank skin. Control explants cultured without thyroxine do not differentiate normally. The activation effect is also produced by 1 hour treatment of skin with a massive dose of thyroxine; these explants, however, fail to complete differentiation. Growth hormone alone does not cause skin to develop, nor does it produce any observable effect when used with thyroxine. Conversely, a high molecular weight compound, poly-vinyl-pyrrolidone, duplicates the behavior of Tx in activating epidermal ontogeny. These results demonstrate that the thyroid hormones can initiate epidermal differentiation in vitro by direct action on the skin.
Place, identity and football: Catalonia, Catalanisme and Football Club Barcelona, 1899–1975

A growing body of work considers sport and the social construction of identities. Drawing from that research, this article considers how football clubs are involved in the construction of national identities by making explicit the connections between sport, identity and place. The first part of the article examines the literature addressing sport and collective identification/representation and considers critical approaches that uncover the power relations that frame the sport/identity nexus. The second part of the article applies these ideas to a discussion of Football Club Barcelona's role in the social construction of Catalan nationalism and national identity from 1899 to 1975.
The mod 2 cohomology of the exceptional groups

Abstract In this note we prove the mod 2 cohomology of an exceptional Lie group can be computed from the rational cohomology. In fact the rational cohomology determines the mod 2 cohomology as an algebra over the Steenrod algebra.
The Mitek mini anchor for TMJ disc repositioning: surgical technique and results

This study evaluated our treatment outcomes in 105 patients (188 discs) using the Mitek mini anchor for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular disc repositioning surgery, with 88 patients having simultaneous orthognathic surgery. Criteria for inclusion into the study were: (1) Presurgical TMJ disc displacement with salvageable disc; (2) No prior TMJ surgery; (3) TMJ disc repositioning with the Mitek mini anchor; (4) Absence of connective tissue/autoimmune disease; (5) Absence of postsurgical trauma; and (6) Minimum of 12 months postsurgery follow up. Presurgery (T1), immediately postsurgery (T2), and longest follow up (LFU) clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed. The mean age of the patients was 32.6 years (range 14-57 years), and mean follow-up time was 46.2 months (range 14-84 months). Radiographic evaluation at LFU demonstrated no significant condylar resorption or positional changes of the anchors. At LFU, there was a statistically significant reduction in: TMJ pain, facial pain, headaches, TMJ noises and disability, and improvement in jaw function and diet. Maximum incisal opening improved slightly and lateral excursive movements decreased slightly. The Mitek mini anchor provides a predictable method for stabilizing the TMJ articular disc to the condyle and a high success rate in decreasing TMJ dysfunction and pain in patients with no previous TMJ surgery.
Functional Broadside Templates for Low-Power Test Generation

This brief describes a new approach to low-power test generation targeting the maximum switching activity during the fast functional clock cycles of broadside tests. This brief defines functional broadside templates as incompletely-specified broadside tests, which capture the signal-transitions that occur during the fast functional clock cycles of functional broadside tests. The same signal-transitions can occur during functional operation. Therefore, functional broadside templates can guide the generation of low-power test sets when the goal is to match the power dissipation that is possible during functional operation on a line-by-line basis. This brief describes a procedure for computing functional broadside templates from completely-specified functional broadside tests, and a low-power test generation procedure for transition faults based on templates.
Brain Size in Schizophrenia-Reply

Addressing the points made by Ingraham, we are pleased to hear further confirmation of reports relating brain computed tomographic density to brain size, and agree with the need to normalize data accordingly. We appreciate the letter by Zipursky et al, which draws attention to a number of important issues regarding the hypothesized relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and brain size. These have engendered previous debate in theArchives. 1 Historically, this issue has been difficult to examine objectively, often generating more heat than light. First, it tends to bring our ideas on fairness and justice to the fore. Second, much nonobjective "science" has clouded attempts at assessment to date. 1 We accept that the study by Hooton 2 is far from methodologically strong, but little other objective evidence has been gathered. We also agree with Zipursky that "current evidence supporting a primary relationship between SES and brain size in general
Microarray technology in the study of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

The recent development of high-throughput gene expression technology permits simultaneous investigation of thousands of genes, providing a snapshot of the transcription state of diseased tissue. Microarray-based expression profiling is well suited to investigate the molecular basis of complex diseases such as obesity and chronic liver disease. With the help of microarray technology, functional genomics will surely advance our understanding of these diseases, and lead to more effective, targeted interventions that lack the toxicity of many conventional treatments. Despite their tremendous potential, microarray studies are subject to potential flaws in experimental design, experimental techniques, data analysis, and data interpretation. Besides the technical issues, the most important challenge is to develop integrative databases that combine gene expression data with the clinical data. Over the next few years, advances in technology and refinements in study design and data analysis will make clinically relevant translational research even more engaging and productive.
Feasibility of an Intergenerational Tai Chi Program: A Community-Based Participatory Research Project

Physical activity programs targeted at only older adults or youth have minimal success. The researchers explore intergenerational programming as an approach to promoting physical activity using community-based participatory research. Study goals are to design and assess the feasibility and efficacy for increasing physical activity and social interaction among older adults and youth through an intergenerational physical activity program. Seven older adults and seven youth completed an eight-week tai chi program. There was interaction between the generations and increased physical activity. Further research is warranted to determine the optimal approach to enhance interaction and physical activity between two generations.
Measurements of Confined, Coaxial Jet Mixing With Pressure Gradient

The mixing of a subsonic confined air jet with a coaxial secondary air stream is investigated experimentally. This work differs from previous studies in that emphasis is placed on the effects of an imposed adverse pressure gradient on mixing characteristics in the initial mixing (potential core) and transition regions. The results indicate that the presence of an adverse pressure gradient promotes more rapid mixing and spreading of the shear layer in the initial mixing region, as well as elevated turbulent normal stress and shear stress levels in the outer portion of the mixing layer after the primary and secondary streams have merged. Significant radial static pressure variations occur in both the initial mixing and transition regions as a result of turbulent normal stress gradients and streamline curvature effects induced by potential core entrainment.
Drawing a gloriously false inference

A stupid argument brings shame to any scholarly effort; but no dishonor attends an erroneous claim—especially in science, lest we all become psychological basket cases, because the vast majority of novel hypotheses turn out to be dead wrong. I would even grant substantial kudos to a class of claims that one of my colleagues, speaking of Emmanuel Velikovsky's neocatastrophic theories, called “gloriously wrong”—for this complex and radical argument enjoyed at least a glimmer of empirical plausibility, and would have annihilated most of our complacent beliefs about the nature of geologic change, had the evidence proved sound and the mechanism workable. But Venus turned out to be an old planet with a stable orbit, not a young comet, and the hypothesis of “worlds in collision” collapsed. For my opening essay in this series on “conceptual index fossils,” I presented the first published drawing of an invertebrate fossil, a crude image of a clam that appeared in one of the three foundational documents of modern paleontology—the 1557 treatise, De re metallica (On metallic objects), by the German natural historian Christopher Encelius. I argued that Encelius introduced the novel practice of drawing specimens in order to bolster his claim for linking this item of his own discovery with one of Pliny's classical names for fossils—an antiquarian indulgence of no particular interest by modern scientific standards, but an activity of consummate importance for a Renaissance intellectual like Encelius, who believed that the classical scholars of Greece and Rome had achieved maximal understanding of the natural world, and that paleontologists of his generation could therefore do their best work by recovering this ancient wisdom and linking the old names and insights to modern discoveries. I also mentioned a wonderfully paradoxical fact in passing, while explicitly reserving the analysis and explanation for this essay: although Encelius's …
Optimizing Timestamp Management in Data Stream Management Systems

It has long been recognized that multi-stream operators, such as union and join, often have to wait idly in a temporarily blocked state, as a result of skews between the timestamps of their input streams. It has been shown that the injection of heartbeat information through punctuation tuples can alleviate this problem. In this paper, we propose and investigate more effective solutions that use timestamps generated on-demand to reactivate idle-waiting operators. We thus introduce a simple execution model that efficiently supports on-demand punctuation. Experiments show that response time and memory usage are reduced substantially by this approach.
The effect of hydrocortisone on cholesterol metabolism of cultured human skin fibroblasts.

Abstract Hydrocortisone in physiologic concentrations resulted in a reduction in sterol synthesis by cultured normal human skin fibroblasts. These changes were observed when [14C] acetate, [14C]loctanoic acid and 3H2O were used as precursors. However, the incorporation of [3H]mevalonic acid lactone into digitonin-precipitable sterols was not affected by hydrocortisone, suggesting that hydrocortisone inhibits sterol synthesis at a site prior to the formation of mevalonic acid. In contrast, the activity of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase was stimulated several-fold by the hormone. Thus, the inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on the cholesterol synthetic pathway may be on hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase.
Frequency-dependent Acceleration of Relaxation in the Heart Depends on CaMKII, but not Phospholamban

Frequency-dependent acceleration of relaxation (FDAR) is an intrinsic physiological mechanism, which allows more rapid ventricular diastolic filling at higher heart rates. FDAR is also observed in isolated myocardial trabeculae and cardiac myocytes, but its mechanism is still poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that FDAR results mainly from Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) dependent stimulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca transport, but does not require phospholamban. Experiments were performed at 23 or 35 degrees C in isolated ventricular muscle and single myocytes from wild-type (WT) and phospholamban knockout (PLB-KO) mice and rat ventricular myocytes. Isometric twitch force of muscles and unloaded shortening and Ca transients in myocytes were measured ([Ca](o)=1mM) in the absence and presence of CaMKII inhibitors (1 microM KN-93 or 20 microM autocamtide-2 related inhibitory peptide, AIP). Stimulation frequency was altered over a wide range (0.2-8Hz) and post-rest vs steady state twitches were also compared. In both WT and PLB-KO mouse muscles FDAR of twitch force was prominent, but was largely suppressed by KN-93. FDAR of twitch contractions was associated with FDAR of Ca transients in PLB-KO myocytes, and both were inhibited by KN-93. Similarly, a different CaMKII inhibitor (AIP) inhibited FDAR of contraction and Ca transients in rat ventricular myocytes. We conclude that FDAR results mainly from CaMKII-dependent stimulation of SR Ca transport, but does not require phospholamban.
Effect of High Scanning Velocities on the Holographic Image

The principle of source and receiver scanning is well established, both in microwave and acoustic imaging systems. In microwave systems, where the scan velocity is very slow compared to the velocity of propagation of the electromagnetic waves, motion of the source is inconsequential. In acoustic systems, the scan velocity can be an appreciable fraction of the sound-propagation velocity. This paper analyzes the effect on the image, when a hologram is made by scanning the source and receiver at relatively high velocities. The first-order analysis shows that the image undergoes a rotation and a distortion.
Study of the Wurtzite‐Type Binary Compounds. III. Valence Band Structure of BeO

The LCAO approximation is applied toward a description of the valence band in BeO, in which only the closed shell Be(1s)2O(2p)6 configuration is considered. Thus no account is taken of the deformation of the oxygen valence electron distribution by the polarization field along the c axis of the wurtzite‐type crystal. The problem is solved along several lines of symmetry in the hexagonal brillouin zone. We find a band width of 18 ev with a depth of approximately 7 ev.
Super Bowl Ads: An Empirical Investigation of the Advertising-to-Sales Relationship

Abstract The aura surrounding Super Bowl commercials is unique in American culture. These in-game ads are closely watched and critiqued by millions of television viewers in a manner that is both entrenched and ritualistic. Fueled by the relentless media hype that surrounds them, these ads attract an eclectic audience comprised of both Main Street and Wall Street viewers. In summary, Super Bowl telecasts are routinely the most highly watched programs aired on television, its viewers are as interested in the ads as they are in the game, and the athletes and advertisers share the stage in this high stakes, high profile buzz-driven entertainment environment. While the size and make-up of the audience which views the ads are fairly predictable, the results that the ads generate are much less apparent. It is commonly known that airtime cost exceeds $100,000 per second, and ad production and merchandising expenses represent millions of dollars beyond that. With this cost meter running at full tilt, it is apparen...
Dynamics of tubulovesicular recycling endosomes in hippocampal neurons.

Neurons are polarized cells, the activity of which relies on the morphological and functional differences between their axonal and somatodendritic domains. One mechanism for establishing and maintaining neuronal polarity is via the selective targeting of proteins to these domains. The endocytic pathway plays a major role in the generation and maintenance of cellular polarity by selectively sorting and recycling endocytosed plasma membrane proteins. In this study we first show that endogenous syntaxin 13 localizes to tubulovesicular organelles that are present in the somatodendritic and axonal domains of neurons. These organelles contain and actively recycle transferrin receptor and are sensitive to brefeldin A, suggesting that they are analogous to the tubulovesicular recycling endosomes in non-neuronal cells. We next use a syntaxin 13–GFP fusion protein transiently expressed in hippocampal neurons, together with time-lapse microscopy, to study the dynamics of the endosomal system in neurons. The analysis revealed the presence of two distinct classes of syntaxin 13-labeled endosomes: round–oval stationary organelles and highly mobile tubulovesicular structures. The dynamic population of tubulovesicular endosomes travels in both directions along microtubules in dendrites and axons. The mobile organelles appear to fuse with and bud from the stationary endosomes, possibly as a means of delivering and picking up their cargo.
rFEED: A Mixed Workload Scheduler for Enterprise Data Warehouses

A typical online Business Intelligence (BI) workload consists of a combination of short, less intensive queries, along with long, resource intensive queries. As such, the longest queries in a typical BI workload may take several orders of magnitude more time to execute, compared with the shortest queries in the workload. This makes it challenging to design a good Mixed Workload Scheduler (MWS). In this paper we first define the design criteria that make a 'good' MWS. We then use these criteria to design rFEED, a MWS that is fair, effective, efficient, and differentiated. We simulate real workloads and compare our rFEED MWS with models of the current best of breed commercial systems. We show that the rFEED MWS works extremely well.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Uroplakins, Urothelial Specific Proteins, in Ovarian Brenner Tumors, Normal Tissues, and Benign and Neoplastic Lesions of the Female Genital Tract

Uroplakins are the characteristic integral membrane proteins in terminally differentiated, superficial urothelial asymmetric unit membrane. Brenner tumors of the ovary and Walthard cell nests of Fallopian tubes have been considered to represent urothelial differentiation in the female genital tract, but no definitive differentiation marker has been demonstrated supporting such a conclusion. An immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess the expression of uroplakins in these lesions as well as in various benign and neoplastic lesions and normal tissues of the female genital tract. Focal expression of uroplakins was observed on the luminal surface of ovarian Brenner tumor cells forming microcysts in all 5 cases examined. In contrast, uroplakins were slightly expressed in only 1 of 12 cases of Walthard cell nests, even in the presence of microcyst formation. Uroplakins were not expressed in other benign or malignant lesions or normal tissues of the female genital tract. These results support the hypothesis that the Brenner tumor and possibly Walthard cell nests represent urothelial (transitional cell) differentiation.
TWO CONJECTURES IN HORACE: ODES 1.16.8 AND 1.35.25 *

Most of the above text is straightforward. Horace is explaining that wrath – the reader may think at this stage either of Horace's own wrath expressed in the scurrilous iambi mentioned in 2–3 or that of the woman he addresses – resembles various other things. Thus in 5a wrath's effect is compared to that of the Magna Mater on her priests, the Galli (they were driven so far from their senses that they castrated themselves), and in 5b–6 to that of Apollo on the Pythia (the god interfered with her personality so that she could utter his prophecies). In 7a Dionysus’ effect on his maenads provides the analogy (one thinks of Agave and her sisters, who dismembered Pentheus under the delusion that he was a lion). These are good comparisons to the ruinous effects of anger.
Isochromosome 13 in a patient with childhood-onset schizophrenia, ADHD, and motor tic disorder.

Background A small percentage of all cases of schizophrenia have a childhood onset. The impact on the individual and family can be devastating. We report the results of genetic analyses from a patient with onset of visual hallucinations at 5 years, and a subsequent diagnosis at 9 years of schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with hyperactivity and impulsivity, and chronic motor tic disorder.
Accelerated rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

To overcome many of the complications after ACL reconstruction (prolonged knee stiffness, limitation of complete extension, delay in strength recovery, anterior knee pain), yet still maintain knee stability, we developed a rehabilitation protocol that emphasizes full knee extension on the first postoperative day and immediate weightbearing according to the patient's tolerance. Of 800 patients who underwent intraarticular ACL patellar tendon-bone graft reconstruction, performed by the same surgeon, the last 450 patients have followed the accelerated rehabilitation schedule as outlined in the protocol. A longer than 2 year followup is recorded for 73 of the patients in the accelerated rehabilitation group. On the 1st postoperative day, we encouraged these patients to walk with full weightbearing and full knee extension. By the 2nd postoperative week, the patients with a 100 degree range of motion participated in a guided exercise and strengthening program. By the 4th week, patients were permitted unlimited activities of daily living and were allowed to return to light sports activities as early as the 8th week if the Cybex strength scores of the involved extremity exceeded 70% of the scores of the noninvolved extremity and the patient had completed a sport-specific functional/agility program. The patient database was compiled from frequent clinical examinations, periodic knee questionnaires, and objective information, such as range of motion measurements, KT-1000 values, and Cybex strength scores. A series of graft biopsies obtained at various times have revealed no adverse histologic reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Piezoelectric Probe for Measurement of Soil Stiffness

Measurement of in situ soil properties is imperative for pavement design. The stiffness and Poisson's ratio of base and sublayers are essential factors in the design and quality control of compaction during construction of highway pavements. It is critical to have a portable and mechanised system to measure these parameters in situ. Currently used techniques including California bearing ratio, resilient modulus, dynamic cone penetrometer and falling weight deflectometer have limitations preventing compliance with requirements for the design of highway pavements. A new device implementing a geophysical probe equipped with piezoelectric sensors to measure the soil properties has been developed. Initial laboratory testing has been performed. The techniques for measuring soil stiffness are discussed, emphasising bender and extender element applications. Data acquired from the new device are compared with the results of an empirical formula developed by Hardin and Richart. Representative test results demonstra...
Age-Dependent Differences in IgG Isotype and Avidity Induced by Measles Vaccine Received during the First Year of Life

Background. Measles remains an important cause of death worldwide, and vaccinating individuals at an earlier age could lead to better control of the disease. However, persistence of maternal antibody and young age affect the quantity of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody and may also affect antibody quality. Methods. Enzyme immunoassay was used to analyze measles virus-specific IgG levels, avidity maturation, and isotype changes, using serum samples from infants who received measles vaccine at 6 months of age and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR)-II at 12 months of age (n = 26), measles vaccine at 9 months of age and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR)-II at 12 months of age (n = 48), or only MMR-II at 12 months of age (n = 27). Results. The median IgG level was lower among infants with maternal antibody than among those without maternal antibody. Compared with median avidity indices for infants aged 12 months, median values were lower for 6-month-old infants with maternal antibody (P =.0001), 6-month-old infants without maternal antibody (P =.001), 9-month-old infants with maternal antibody (P =.03), and 9-month-old infants without maternal antibody (P =.006). The median IgG3 level was highest at 6 months of age. IgG1 was predominant at 12 months. Low avidity responses at 6 or 9 months of age did not hinder higher avidity responses or the switch to IgG1 after secondary vaccination. The 2-dose regimen did not augment the response, compared with the response in infants who received 1 dose at 12 months of age. Conclusions. Avidity and isotype maturation of measles vaccine-induced antibody are affected by age, providing insight into the ontogeny of the immune response to measles vaccine.
Removing Temporal Stationary Blur in Route Panoramas

The route panorama is a continuous, compact and complete image representation of scenes along a route. It is generated continuously from reading a preset line in a camera frame that moves along a smooth path. More complicated than the mathematical model of slit scanning, the physical width of a sampling line may yield a temporal blur, named stationary blur, in the route panorama. It is the counterpart of the motion blur and appears at distant scenes. We analyze the sampling of the route panorama, and recover the intrinsic high frequency components from spatio-temporal slit data. The sharpened results enhance the cityscapes archiving and visualization in virtual tour and navigation
Update and Overview of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Regulations and Reimbursement

Outpatient care, including outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), is increasingly seen by both clinicians and insurers as a safe, effective, and economical adjunct or alternative to hospitalization. Despite this, perhaps the least understood reimbursement and regulatory policies for health care services are those that apply to OPAT. We present a brief review and update of current rules and regulations relating to OPAT, with emphasis on areas of special interest to physicians serving as medical directors of home or ambulatory infusion programs or providing OPAT as an extension of their office practices.
A cold thermionically emitting dusty air plasma formed by radiative heating of graphite particulates

Formation of an atmospheric pressure dusty air plasma is explored experimentally in this paper. The plasma is created by seeding an air flow with graphite particles and irradiating the particulates with a focused CO/sub 2/ laser beam. The graphite particles are, thus, heated to thermionically emitting temperatures, and average particle temperatures and average particle number densities are measured. The presence of charges is inferred both from these measured quantities using a simple theoretical transient model, and experimentally by applying a dc bias across the irradiated region. It is found that an electron density of /spl sim/6.7 /spl times/ 10/sup 5/ cm/sup -3/ (6.7 /spl times/ 10/sup 11/ m/sup -3/) can be produced at steady state in the presence of O/sub 2/. This value can be increased to 3.6 /spl times/ 10/sup 7/ cm/sup -3/ (3.6 /spl times/ 10/sup 13/ m/sup -1/) in the ideal case where an electron attachment to O/sub 2/ is suppressed and where a lower work function particulate is used.
GIS‐based regional landslide susceptibility mapping: a case study in southern California

Landslides threaten lives and property throughout the United States, causing in excess of $2 billion in damages and 25–50 deaths annually. In regions subjected to urban expansion caused by population growth and/or increased storm intensities caused by changing climate patterns, the economic and society costs of landslides will continue to rise. Using a geographic information system (GIS), this paper develops and implements a multivariate statistical approach for mapping landslide susceptibility. The presented susceptibility maps are intended to help in the design of hazard mitigation and land development policies at regional scales. The paper presents (a) a GIS-based multivariate statistical approach for mapping landslide susceptibility, (b) several dimensionless landslide susceptibility indexes developed to quantify and weight the influence of individual categories for given potential risk factors on landslides and (c) a case study in southern California, which uses 11 111 seismic landslide scars collected from previous efforts and 5389 landslide scars newly digitized from local geologic maps. In the case study, seven potential risk factors were selected to map landslide susceptibility. Ground slope and event precipitation were the most important factors, followed by land cover, surface curvature, proximity to fault, elevation and proximity to coastline. The developed landslide susceptibility maps show that areas classified as having high or very high susceptibilities contained 71% of the digitized landslide scars and 90% of the seismic landslide scars while only occupying 26% of the total study area. These areas mostly have ground slopes higher than 46% and 2-year, 6-hour precipitation greater than 51 mm. Only 12% of digitized landslides and less than 1% of recorded seismic landslides were located in areas classified as low or very low susceptibility, while occupying 42% of the total study region. These areas mostly have slopes less than 27% and 2-year, 6-hour precipitation less than 41 mm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aircraft Instrument for Comprehensive Characterization of Aerosol Optical Properties, Part I: Wavelength-Dependent Optical Extinction and Its Relative Humidity Dependence Measured Using Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy

High-quality in situ observations of aerosol particle optical properties, namely extinction, scattering, and absorption, provide important information needed to constrain the role of aerosols in the climate system. This paper outlines the design and performance of an aircraft instrument utilizing cavity ringdown spectroscopy for the measurement of aerosol extinction. The 8-channel cavity ringdown spectrometer measures extinction at multiple wavelengths (405, 532, and 662 nm) and at multiple relative humidities (e.g., 10%, 70%, and 95%). Key performance characteristics include a 1-s detection limit better than 0.1 Mm−1, accuracy of 10 Mm−1. Laboratory and field data demonstrate that the 1-s precision is limited by the statistics of aerosol particles in the laser beam rather than the precision of the extinction measurement per se. The measurement precision improves with averaging to 5% at 60 s for extinction leve...
Effects of nitrate and acetate availability on chloroform production during carbon tetrachloride destruction.

Fed batch experiments were performed to test the effects of electron donor and electron acceptor availability on the production of chloroform (CF) during carbon tetrachloride (CT) destruction by a denitrifying bacterial consortium. In one series of tests, acetate (electron donor) was present in excess while nitrate and nitrite (electron acceptor) were limiting. In the other series of tests, acetate was the limiting nutrient, and nitrate and nitrite were in excess. Under nitrate limiting conditions, 50% ({+-}17%) of the CT transformed by the microorganisms was converted to CF. However, under acetate limiting conditions, only 4% ({+-}4%) of the CT that was degraded appeared as CF. Previous research had suggested that denitrifying bacteria can degrade CT via two competing pathways. One of these pathways produces CF as the predominant end product. The second pathway produces CO{sub 2} as the primary end result. The results shown here suggest that the first pathway is dominant when nitrate and nitrite are depleted while the second pathway, which produces little CF, dominates when nitrate or nitrite are available.
The accuracy of Gilbert models in predicting packet-loss statistics for a single-multiplexer network model

The Gilbert model (1-st order Markov chain model) and the single-multiplexer model are two frequently used models in the study of packet-loss processes in communication networks. In this paper we investigate the accuracy of the Gilbert model, and higher-order Markov chain extended Gilbert models, in characterizing the packet-loss process associated with a transport network modeled in terms of a single-multiplexer. More specifically, we quantitatively compare the packet-loss statistics predicted by the Gilbert models with those predicted by an exact queueing analysis of the single-multiplexer model. This topic is important since low-complexity Gilbert models are frequently used to characterize end-to-end network packet-loss behavior. On the other hand, network congestion behavior is often characterized in terms of a single bottleneck node modeled as a multiplexer. It is of some interest then to establish the relative accuracy of Gilbert models in predicting the packet-loss behavior on even such a simplified network model. We demonstrate that the Gilbert models have some serious deficiencies in accurately predicting the packet-loss statistics of the single-multiplexer model. The results are shown to have some serious consequences for the performance evaluation of forward error correction (FEC) coding schemes used to combat the effects of packet losses due to network buffer overflows.