cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
mTOR controls cell cycle progression through its cell growth effectors S6K1 and 4E-BP1/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E.

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) integrates nutrient and mitogen signals to regulate cell growth (increased cell mass and cell size) and cell division. The immunosuppressive drug rapamycin inhibits cell cycle progression via inhibition of mTOR; however, the signaling pathways by which mTOR regulates cell cycle progression have remained poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that restoration of mTOR signaling (by using a rapamycin-resistant mutant of mTOR) rescues rapamycin-inhibited G1-phase progression, and restoration of signaling along the mTOR-dependent S6K1 or 4E-BP1/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) pathways provides partial rescue. Furthermore, interfering RNA-mediated reduction of S6K1 expression or overexpression of mTOR-insensitive 4E-BP1 isoforms that block eIF4E activity inhibit G1-phase progression individually and additively. Thus, the activities of both the S6K1 and 4E-BP1/eIF4E pathways are required for and independently mediate mTOR-dependent G1-phase progression. In addition, overexpression of constitutively active mutants of S6K1 or wild-type eIF4E accelerates serum-stimulated G1-phase progression, and stable expression of wild-type S6K1 confers a proliferative advantage in low-serum-containing media, suggesting that the activity of each of these pathways is limiting for cell proliferation. These data demonstrate that, as for the regulation of cell growth and cell size, the S6K1 and 4E-BP1/eIF4E pathways each represent critical mediators of mTOR-dependent cell cycle control.
Relationship of Parental Psychological Distress to Consequences of Chronic Health Conditions in Children

Objective: To assess whether parents' self-reported psychological distress was related to consequences of chronic health conditions in their children as reflected by three domains: functional limitations, reliance on compensatory mechanisms, and service use above routine care. Methods: We used telephone survey data on children's health and parents' psychiatric symptoms from an inner-city community sample (n = 380) and a population-based national sample (n = 398). Results: In the national sample, parents of children with functional limitations were more distressed than parents whose children experienced other types of condition consequences or none. In the inner-city sample, presence of a health condition was associated with greater parental distress, but there were no significant effects by consequence type. Conclusions: Research needs to determine if parents of children with functional limitations represent a high-risk group and to identify the factors associated with their elevated distress.
Using Laboratory Experiments in Logistics and Supply Chain Research

Laboratory experiments provide an underutilized methodology for subjecting research in logistics and supply chain management to rigorous scientific scrutiny. As discussed in this paper, by following established procedures researchers can create an economic system in which behavior can be observed and replicated. With the ability to control the institution and the environment, researchers have complete information and can exogenously manipulate treatment variables, neither of which may be feasible in field work. We also address many of the reservations that skeptics of laboratory experiments often express including issues of realism, participant sophistication, and payoff stakes. We then provide several examples where experiments have been used to study issues relevant to logistics and supply chain management including auctions, wholesale practices in gasoline markets, inventory replenishment, liberalization of the electric power industry, and deregulation of the natural gas markets. Finally, we identify several additional areas where laboratory experiments could be informative.
Real time, online detection of abandoned objects in public areas

This work presents a method for detecting abandoned objects in real-world conditions. The method presented here addresses the online and real time aspects of such systems, utilizes logic to differentiate between abandoned objects and stationary people, and is robust to temporary occlusion of potential abandoned objects. The capacity to not detect still people as abandoned objects is a major aspect that differentiates this work from others in the literature. Results are presented on 3 hours 36 minutes of footage over four videos representing both sparsely and densely populated real-world situations, also differentiating this work from others in the literature
Private body consciousness, anxiety and pain symptom reports of chronic pain patients

An information processing model of pain symptom perception and reporting predicts that individuals prone to high levels of attentional self-focus and negative affect will report more pain than individuals low in these characteristics. Past research on college student and medical patient samples has shown that individuals high in private body consciousness (PBC), or attentional self-focus and who report higher levels of anxiety report more pain symptoms than counterparts low in PBC and anxiety. The present study examined effects of PBC and anxiety on pain reports of individuals suffering chronic pain (N = 144). Pain patients suffering chronic headache, low back pain, rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia were included in the sample. A non-pain control sample (N = 31) was also studied to examine potential differences between controls and pain patients. Results indicated that pain patients reporting high levels of PBC reported more pain, although the effects of anxiety on pain reports among pain patients was not significant. Controls did not differ from pain patients on PBC, nor did the 4 groups of pain patients differ on PBC, suggesting PBC is a dispositional variable. Implications for the importance of attentional self-focus in pain symptom reporting are discussed.
LOCAL AND ITERATIVE SEARCHES FOR COMBINED SIGNAL CONTROL AND ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM: IMPLEMENTATION AND NUMERICAL EXAMPLES

Traffic signal-setting policies and traffic assignment procedures are mutually dependent. The combined signal control and traffic assignment problem deals with this interaction. With the total travel time minimization objective, gradient-based local search methods are implemented. Deterministic user equilibrium is the selected user route choice rule, Webster's delay curve is the link performance function, and green-time-per-cycle ratios are decision variables. Three solution codes are implemented, resulting in six variations including intersections with multiphase operation and overlapping traffic movements. For reference, the iterative approach is also coded, and all codes are tested in four example networks at five demand levels. The results show the numerical gradient estimation procedure performs best, although the simplified local searches reduce the large network computational burden. Demand level as well as network size affects the relative performance of the local and iterative approaches. As demand level becomes higher, (a) in the small network, the local search tends to outperform the iterative search, and (b) in the large network, the opposite result is obtained.
Examining Potential Predictors for Completion of the Gardasil Vaccine Sequence Based on Data Gathered at Clinics of Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions

This paper presents categorical data that were gathered at two urban clinics and two suburban clinics of Johns Hopkins in an effort to identify characteristics of young female patients who successfully complete the three-injection sequence of the Gardasil quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4). Available categorical correlates included patient age group, patient race, clinic location type, type of insurance provider, and clinic practice type. The data may be used to illustrate graphical display techniques and inference procedures for categorical data, as well as illuminate ways in which relationships between categorical variables may be hidden or behave differently than expected in the presence of confounding variables. The methods used to gather the data may also serve to illustrate the limitations of drawing conclusions from observational studies.
Lessons learned from avalanche survival patterns

See related research article by Haegeli and colleagues at [www.cmaj.ca/cgi/doi/10.1503/cmaj.101435][1] The study by Haegeli and coauthors in CMAJ provides new insight into survival patterns after complete avalanche burial.[1][2] The authors report survival curves from data for 301 complete
Soft updates: a technique for eliminating most synchronous writes in the fast filesystem

Traditionally, filesystem consistency has been maintained across system failures either by using synchronous writes to sequence dependent metadata updates or by using write-ahead logging to atomically group them. Soft updates, an alternative to these approaches, is an implementation mechanism that tracks and enforces metadata update dependencies to ensure that the disk image is always kept consistent. The use of soft updates obviates the need for a separate log or for most synchronous writes. Indeed, the ability of soft updates to aggregate many operations previously done individually and synchronously reduces the number of disk writes by 40 to 70% for file-intensive environments (e.g., program development, mail servers, etc.). In addition to performance enhancement, soft updates can also maintain better disk consistency. By ensuring that the only inconsistencies are unclaimed blocks or inodes, soft updates can eliminate the need to run a filesystem check program after every system crash. Instead, the system is brought up immediately. When it is convenient, a background task can be run on the active filesystem to reclaim any lost blocks and inodes. This paper describes an implementation of soft updates and its incorporation into the 4.4BSD fast filesystem. It details the changes that were needed, both to the original research prototype and to the BSD system, to create a production-quality system. It also discusses the experiences, difficulties, and lessons learned in moving soft updates from research to reality; as is often the case, non-focal operations (e.g., fsck and "fsync") required rethinking and additional code. Experiences with the resulting system validate the earlier research: soft updates integrates well with existing filesystems and enforces metadata dependencies with performance that is within a few percent of optimal.
Three-dimensional vortex dynamics in a rectangular sudden expansion

A detailed experimental study of flow in a rectangular sudden expansion using both active and passive forcing techniques has been made. The configuration consists of a 2:1-aspect-ratio rectangular channel which undergoes a sudden expansion such that the backward-facing step height (h) is uniform, and equal to the minor side of the inlet channel. Passive forcing was provided by the system geometry; the rectangular vortex rings formed in the shear layer of the expanding jet undergo self-induction, deforming the jet cross-section and introducing transverse velocities not found in plane or axisymmetric configurations. Active forcing was induced by periodic fluctuations in the system flow rate at the jet natural frequency. This served to enhance the unusual three-dimensional effects and phase-lock the flow for ensemble analysis. The results presented here include a description of the evolution of an isolated vortex in this configuration obtained from flow visualization of a suddenly started jet, as well as forced steady-state three-component velocity measurements which are used to characterize the flow field. The evolution of a rectangular vortex ring in the jet shear layer is traced, and both fluctuating and time-constant transverse velocities are related to the passage of the vortex structures.
High-throughput sequencing reveals adaptation-induced mutations in pentose-fermenting strains of Zymomonas mobilis.

Zymomonas mobilis is capable of producing ethanol at high rates and titers from glucose. This bacterium has previously been engineered to consume the pentose sugars xylose and arabinose, but the rate of consumption of these sugars is low. Recent research has utilized adaptive evolution to isolate strains of Z. mobilis capable of rapidly fermenting xylose. In this study, we also used adaptive evolution to isolate strains of Z. mobilis capable of rapidly fermenting xylose and arabinose. To determine the bottlenecks in pentose metabolism, we then used high-throughput sequencing to pinpoint the genetic changes responsible for the phenotypes of the adapted strains. We found that the transport of both xylose and arabinose through the native sugar transporter, Glf, limits pentose fermentations in Z. mobilis. We also found that mutations in the AddB protein increase plasmid stability and can reduce cellular aggregation in these strains. Consistent with previous research, we found that reduced xylitol production improves xylose fermentations in Z. mobilis. We also found that increased transketolase activity and reduced glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity improve arabinose fermentations in Z. mobilis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2228–2240. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DFT calculations of light-induced excited states and comparison with time-resolved crystallographic results

DFT calculations of the ground and first excited states of several transition metal complexes have been performed to complement time-resolved diffraction experiments. The results from different functionals and relativistic treatments are tested against both diffraction and spectroscopic values. Calculations of the d8–d8 complex [Pt2(pyrophosphite)4]4− quantitatively reproduce metal–metal shortening on excitation to the triplet state and support bond formation between the two metal centers, as do calculations on [Rh2(1,3-diisocyanopropane)4]2+. Results on homoleptic and heteroleptic copper(I) 2,9-dimethyl−1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) complexes, which are investigated because of their potential for solar energy capture, confirm considerable molecular deformations on excitation. The distortion calculated for the isolated complex [Cu(dmp)(dmpe)]+ (dmpe=1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) is significantly larger than observed in the crystal, indicating the constraining effect of the crystalline environment. The change in the net charge of the Cu atom upon photo-induced metal-to-ligand charge transfer is less than 0.2 e, showing the limitations of the formal Cu(I)Cu(II) designation. Electron density difference maps show a pronounced change in electronic structure of the Cu atom on excitation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Object class recognition using multiple layer boosting with heterogeneous features

We combine local texture features (PCA-SIFT), global features (shape context), and spatial features within a single multi-layer AdaBoost model of object class recognition. The first layer selects PCA-SIFT and shape context features and combines the two feature types to form a strong classifier. Although previous approaches have used either feature type to train an AdaBoost model, our approach is the first to combine these complementary sources of information into a single feature pool and to use Adaboost to select those features most important for class recognition. The second layer adds to these local and global descriptions information about the spatial relationships between features. Through comparisons to the training sample, we first find the most prominent local features in Layer I, then capture the spatial relationships between these features in Layer 2. Rather than discarding this spatial information, we therefore use it to improve the strength of our classifier. We compared our method to (R. Fergus et al., 2003, A. Opelt et al., 2004, J. Thureson et al., 2004) and in all cases our approach outperformed these previous methods using a popular benchmark for object class recognition (R. Fergus et al., 2003). ROC equal error rates approached 99%. We also tested our method using a dataset of images that better equates the complexity between object and non-object images, and again found that our approach outperforms previous methods.
Matrix isolation IR and Raman studies of the molecules Na2SO4 and K2SO4

Abstract IR and Raman spectra have been obtained of Na 2 SO 4 and K 2 SO 4 molecules, present over the heated crystalline sulphates, in argon and nitrogen matrices at 12 K. D 2d symmetry is indicated for these molecules. Evidence of aggregation on warming the matrix has been observed. Sublimation of Na 2 SO 4 was accompanied by partial decomposition. No decomposition was detected for K 2 SO 4 .
Interdisciplinary librarians: self-reported non-LIS scholarship and creative work

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to interpret and discuss survey results of a study of academic librarians’ scholarship and creative work outside of library and information science in order to reveal some librarians’ motivations to perform such work as well as their perceptions of administrators’ attitudes toward it. Design/methodology/approach – The authors published a link to a qualitative survey instrument on COLLIB-L and ULS-L, the e-mail lists for the college libraries section and the university libraries section of American Library Association, asking that only academic librarians engaged in scholarship and creative work outside of library and information science participate. This paper is an exploratory analysis of the survey results. Findings – Librarians reported that they produce such work for many reasons, including personal satisfaction, dynamic and successful liaison work, and ongoing commitment to scholarship and creative work. Academic librarians who produce non-LIS work do so with va...
And the Winner Is … RGS4!

See related article, pages 527–535 RGS proteins play a major role in controlling G protein signaling. Cifelli et al1 show very high expression of RGS4 in sinoatrial (SA) node in the mouse. Of the 10 RGS proteins expressed supraventricularly, genetic disruption of RGS4 alone produces a profound slowing of I K,Ach turnoff kinetics in SA node and enhanced carbachol-induced bradycardia in vivo. This is accompanied by a loss of rapid desensitization of the I K,Ach current, suggesting a selective action of RGS4 in controlling prolonged vagal responses. This has implications for clinical conditions dependent on cholinergic signals such as atrial fibrillation (AF), vasovagal syncope, and possibly torsades de point. These results make RGS4 an intriguing candidate gene in certain arrhythmias. Approximately 12 years ago, the G protein and G protein–coupled receptor fields were rocked by the discovery of the RGS (regulators of G protein signaling) proteins.2,3 Here was a key regulatory protein family that inhibited G protein signaling but was virtually unknown a year earlier. Very rapidly, the core molecular function of RGS proteins was defined as GTPase accelerator protein activity, which sped the deactivating GTP hydrolysis step,4 which, for G proteins, was notoriously slow. The crystal structure of a complex of Gαi1 and RGS4 “caught in the act” of GTP hydrolysis5 followed shortly thereafter. Cardiac atrial function figured prominently in early studies of RGS proteins. The negative chronotropic actions of acetylcholine via the M2 muscarinic receptor involved activation of the I K,Ach current, which is carried by the G protein–coupled inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channel, composed of a heterotetramer of subunits Kir3.1/Kir3.4. GIRK channels are activated by Gβγ subunits released from Gi/o family proteins. Vagal control of heart rate occurs on a very rapid times scale, with slowing and recovery within single …
The Drosophila single-minded gene encodes a nuclear protein with sequence similarity to the per gene product

Mutations in the single-minded (sim) gene of Drosophila result in the loss of the precursor cells giving rise to the midline cells of the embryonic central nervous system. We have examined the structure of the sim product by sequencing a sim cDNA clone, and have also determined the subcellular localization of the protein and its developmental expression by staining embryos with an antiserum against a sim fusion protein. The results indicate that sim is a nuclear protein specifically expressed along the midline of the neuroepithelium, the same subset of cells that are missing in the mutant. No similarity is observed between sim and any known nuclear protein, but, surprisingly, it is similar to the Drosophila period (per) locus gene product, which controls the periodicity of biological rhythms.
The case for power-agile computing

Battery-powered devices are trapped by trends. More powerful performance requires more power, and while battery technologies slowly improve [17] users want more capable devices with longer battery lifetimes [19]. A way to escape this trap leverages power-proportional hardware architectures [5] that scale power consumption to perform when needed and draw little power when idle. Because most components are tuned to operate efficiently within a narrow power-performance range, we expect future power-proportional architectures to be heterogeneous, featuring multiple different processors, memory chips, storage devices and radios, each with different power-performance tradeoffs. Heterogeneity produces devices with fluid characteristics: phones that sprint like desktops and sleep like sensor nodes. Today’s devices already incorporate multiple processors, storage devices and radios with different powerperformance characteristics. Researchers have proposed operating system designs that acknowledge this heterogeneity [6], performanceor power-driven component combinations [11, 4], approaches harnessing the efficiency of a particular set of components for certain tasks [1, 16], and systems organized into multiple powerperformance tiers [15]. Inspired by these efforts, we coin the term power agility to describe a system’s ability to efficiently operate a heterogeneous power-proportional device, balancing performance and power consumption. Given increasingly heterogeneous devices, power agility requires not merely adjusting individual components but activating and deactivating them to react to changing demand. The idle phone in my pocket consumes less power than the one using GPS to route me to my destination, and while the mapping application wants the high-power radio, the game prefers a faster processor. So while power-proportional hardware allows the device to sprint and sleep, power-agile software guides it
SOME ANTIGENIC CHARACTERISTICS AND IMMUNOLOGIC REACTIONS OF HORSE SPLEEN FERRITIN.

SummaryGel filtration was used to obtain a preparation of horse spleen ferritin apparently free of antigenic contaminants. The purified ferritin was labeled with I131. Quantitative isotope precipitin curves with rabbit and chicken anti-ferritin are described. The staining of ferritin iron in ferritin reacting with immunoglobulins of electrophoretic preparations was used to show the heterogeneity of chicken antibodies in the primary and secondary response against ferritin.
Effect of Light on Production of Oospores and Sporangia in Species of Phytophthora

(1965). Effect of Light on Production of Oospores and Sporangia in Species of Phytophthora. Mycologia: Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 85-90.
Perioperative Care of the Pediatric Neurosurgical Patient

Age-related differences have to be considered when a child is scheduled for a neurosurgical procedure. Differences in neurophysiology of the developing human brain influence the approach to these patients. The anesthesiologist should pay attention to age-specific symptoms and signs of raised intracranial pressure during preanesthesia assessment. Anesthesia induction and maintenance should be targeted to an adequate age-related perfusion pressure to avoid cerebral ischemia. Main complications could be related to intraoperative blood losses, postoperative metabolic disorders, and seizures. New development in pediatric neurosurgery and critical care allowed improving outcomes of children with neurological and neurosurgical problems. At the same time, specific pediatric neuroanesthesia training should be assured for better management of infants and small children.
Research on Citizens' Health Literacy Oriented Information Technology Application

Health literacy of citizens is not only about the medical knowledge and capacity of individuals but also related to the complexity of various health contexts,such as healthcare system,education system,social and cultural factors.The paper discusses information technology(IT) applications to promote health literacy of citizens,concentrating on health information related network application, patient - oriented function support of hospital information system,personal health records(PHR) development and related supporting countermeasures of the U.S government.It also puts forward related advices on Chinese citizens' health literacy problems.
Effect Evaluation on Supplementary Immunization of Measles Vaccine in Nangang Township of Guanyun County of Jiangsu

[Objective]To evaluate the effect of supplementary immunization of measles vaccine among children aged 8 months to 5 years old in Nangang township of Guanyun county of Jiangsu on January 16～24,2009.[Methods]The situation of measles supplementary immunization of 2 089 children in 23 villages of this township were interviewed door-to-door,and the database was set up with Excel.[Results]94.8% of 2 089 children were registered,and 148 children were registered repeatedly.The statistical results of real situation showed that the registered rate of resident children was 66.8% before measles supplementary immunization.1350 children received the measles supplementary immunization,the vaccination rate was 56.1% on the basis of the number of registered database,and that was 86.8% on the basis of the number of real situation.After adjustment,the vaccination rate of measles supplementary immunization among resident children was 85.3%,which was lower than the goal of ≥95%.In the first two months of measles supplementary immunization,93 children were immunized repeatedly.38.3% of un-immunized children's parents said that they hadn't known the measles supplementary immunization activities,and 2.3% of un-immunized children's parents had rejected to receive the vaccination.[Conclusion]There were repeated registration,incomplete information and missed registration in routine children immunization with information management system in Nangang township.The real situation hadn't been mastered before measles supplementary immunization,and the vaccination rate didn't reach the goal.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the information management of children,establish and perfect the registration and monitoring system,carry out the measles vaccination among children,improve the immunization coverage rate and timeliness,so as to reduce the high incidence of measles.
Effects of placebo and flurazepam on sleep patterns in insomniac subjeets

In 12 insomniac subiects placebo had no significant effects on sleep induction, sleep maintenance, or sleep stages, while flurazepam 30 mg. produced clear-cut decreases in sleep latency, wake time after sleep onset, total wake time, and number of wakes. The decreases were maintained throughout the drug administration period as well as on the first several withdrawal nights, indicating a carry-over effect. There was agreement between the subjectioe estimates of sleep and the electroencephalogram (EEG) data in terms of both improvement in sleep induction and sleep maintenance with flurazepam and in the lack of effects with placebo. Flurazepam produced either no change or a slight decrease in the percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, There were no increases above base line following withdrawal. Stages 3 and 4 sleep decreased considerably with drug administration, this decrease being maintained during the drug withdrawal period.
KINETICS OF THE REVERSIBLE RELAXATION PHENOMENA IN METALLIC GLASSES

The kinetics of the reversible relaxation phenomena of field induced magnetic anisotropy and anelasticity in metallic glasses are compared. They initially share the identical kinetics but the anisotropy saturates earlier. An explicit expression of the distribution of the activation energies is suggested.
On the Relation Between Adjoint and Forward Sensitivity

Our goal in this chapter is to clarify the intrinsic relation that exists between the so called adjoint sensitivity and the forward sensitivity method (FSM) introduced in Chap. 2 Adjoint sensitivity lies at the core of the well known 4-dimensional variational method known as 4D-VAR (Lewis et al. 2006, Chaps. 22–26).
Theory of Magnetic Recording: Medium noise mechanisms: Part 1 – General concepts, modulation noise

Introduction Noise in magnetic recording arises from three predominant sources: the playback amplifier, the playback head, and the recording medium. Amplifier noise depends on current or voltage noise sources. Head noise arises from the loss impedance of the head due to the complex part of the permeability (Figs. 3.2, 3.3). Since the head impedance is matched to the amplifier, inductive head noise results as Johnson noise with the loss impedance as the effective noise resistor (Davenport & Root, 1958). Playback head loss impedance and head noise limited system signal-tonoise ratios have been discussed in detail (Smaller, 1965). In Chapters 10, 11 and 12, analysis of the predominant medium noise mechanisms will be presented. The discussion will focus on calculations of the power spectral density. Measurements of noise spectra can be utilized readily to identify and analyze medium noise sources. Medium noise arises from fluctuations in the medium magnetization. This noise can be separated into three somewhat distinct sources: amplitude modulation, particulate or granularity noise, and phase or transition noise. An illustration of modulation and transition noise is shown in Figs. 10.1 (a), (b), respectively. In conventional amplitude modulation noise, the fluctuations are proportional to the recorded medium magnetization or flux levels. As the recording density is increased, the noise regions decrease relative to the bit length or transition separation and the noise decreases, as measurements in Fig. 10.2(a) show. Transition noise refers, in general, to fluctuations that are concentrated near the recorded transition centers (Fig. 10.1(b)).
ON THE NUMERICAL ASPECTS OF OPTIMAL OPTION HEDGING WITH TRANSACTION COSTS

We present a numerical study of non-self-financing hedging of European options under proportional transaction costs. We describe an algorithmic approach based on a discrete time financial market model that extends the classical binomial model. We review the analytical basis for our algorithm and present a variety of empirical results using real market data. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by comparing to a Black–Scholes delta hedge with transaction costs incorporated. We also evaluate the impact of recalibrating the hedging strategy one or more times during the life of the option using the most recent market data. These results are compared to a recalibrated Black–Scholes delta hedge modified for transaction costs.
Directional array for millimeter-wave cellular networks

The development of modern communication devices for the latest technologies such as 5G has brought the millimeter wave technology into the spotlight because it offers higher data rates and bandwidth. Since highly directional transmissions are necessary for communication in these frequencies due to high path loss and atmospheric absorption, the application of adaptive antennas are inevitable. However, the use of highly directional antennas creates new challenges because it will require both the user and base station (BS) to search over a large area to locate a suitable path to initiate communications. In this paper, we develop a statistical model to compare the performance of omnidirectional and directional BS antenna for this purpose. A BS-tracking method from user equipment (UE) is also included to improve the efficiency of the search.
Climate Engine: Cloud Computing and Visualization of Climate and Remote Sensing Data for Advanced Natural Resource Monitoring and Process Understanding

AbstractThe paucity of long-term observations, particularly in regions with heterogeneous climate and land cover, can hinder incorporating climate data at appropriate spatial scales for decision-making and scientific research. Numerous gridded climate, weather, and remote sensing products have been developed to address the needs of both land managers and scientists, in turn enhancing scientific knowledge and strengthening early-warning systems. However, these data remain largely inaccessible for a broader segment of users given the computational demands of big data. Climate Engine (http://ClimateEngine.org) is a web-based application that overcomes many computational barriers that users face by employing Google’s parallel cloud-computing platform, Google Earth Engine, to process, visualize, download, and share climate and remote sensing datasets in real time. The software application development and design of Climate Engine is briefly outlined to illustrate the potential for high-performance processing of...
Nonlocal Conservation Laws with Memory

where x ∈ R and U , S ∈ R. Such equations are called conservation laws because in classical physics, conservation of mass, momentum, and energy of media is governed by equations of this type. In this context, U(t, x) determines the state of the medium at the point (t, x), and S(t, x) is the flux of U . In general, materials are identified by constitutive relations which describe how the flux is determined by the state vector U . The medium is called elastic if S(t, x) is determined by the value of state U at (t, x), i.e., (1) reduces to
Influence of Different Larval Feeding Regimes and Diet Presentation Methods on Chrysoperla Rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Development

Results of a comparative analysis of the effects of seven different larval feeding regimes on the development of individually reared Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) larvae are presented. Also, ...
Subjective cognitive decline and β-amyloid burden predict cognitive change in healthy elderly

Objective: To assess in a longitudinal study whether subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and brain β-amyloid (Aβ) contribute unique information to cognitive decline. Methods: One hundred thirty-six healthy elderly from the Berkeley Aging Cohort Study were followed up for a mean of 4 years. SCD and affective measures were generated from the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) with factor analysis on data from a larger set of 347 healthy, nondepressed (GDS Results: SCD score demonstrated good construct validity compared to an existing measure of subjective memory and was partially explained by several lower-order measurements. Mixed models revealed that SCD interacted with PiB status to predict change in episodic memory and global cognition over time, with adjustment for affective features. PiB+ individuals with more severe SCD demonstrated the steepest cognitive decline. Worse SCD predicted faster decline in working memory independently of PiB status. No such effects were seen for affective scores when adjusted for SCD. Conclusions: PiB+ individuals with SCD are at greatest risk of cognitive decline. Evidence for amyloid alone is not sufficient to indicate risk of rapid cognitive decline in healthy elderly. Effects of GDS on cognitive decline in nondepressed cohorts may be driven by SCD rather than subsyndromal depression.
Blockchain-based Data Management and Analytics for Micro-insurance Applications

In this paper, we demonstrate a blockchain-based solution for transparently managing and analyzing data in a pay-as-you-go car insurance application. This application allows drivers who rarely use cars to only pay insurance premium for particular trips they would like to travel. One of the key challenges from database perspective is how to ensure all the data pertaining to the actual trip and premium payment made by the users are transparently recorded so that every party in the insurance contract including the driver, the insurance company, and the financial institution is confident that the data are tamper-proof and traceable. Another challenge from information retrieval perspective is how to perform entity matching and pattern matching on customer data as well as their trip and claim history recorded on the blockchain for intelligent fraud detection. Last but not least, the drivers' trip history, once have been collected sufficiently, can be much valuable for the insurance company to do offline analysis and build statistics on past driving behaviour and past vehicle runtime. These statistics enable the insurance company to offer the users with transparent and individualized insurance quotes. Towards this end, we develop a blockchain-based solution for micro-insurance applications that transparently keeps records and executes smart contracts depending on runtime conditions while also connecting with off-chain analytic databases.
Case Report: Facial Nerve Bifurcation Noted During Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma.

Background and importance Resection of cerebellopontine angle tumors is challenging because the proximity of the facial nerve puts it at risk of inadvertent injury and subsequent dysfunction. It is critical to consider variations in anatomy and be aware of the potential deviations in the course of the nerve in order to avoid damage. Clinical presentation We present a case of a facial nerve bifurcation identified during resection of a vestibular schwannoma. Conclusion This is the only reported case of proximal facial nerve bifurcation. We review what is known about variations in proximal facial nerve anatomy, the rates of facial nerve injury after schwannoma resection, and the importance of neuromonitoring in identifying the nerve and predicting function postoperatively. Ultimately, understanding possible anatomic variations in the nerve is critical to minimize iatrogenic injury during surgery.
Reduced Computed Tomography Use in the Emergency Department Evaluation of Headache Was Not Followed by Increased Death or Missed Diagnosis.

Introduction: This study investigated whether a 9.6% decrease in the use of head computed tomography (HCT) for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a chief complaint of headache was followed by an increase in proportions of death or missed intracranial diagnosis during the 22.5-month period following each index ED visit. Methods: We reviewed the electronic medical records of all patients sampled during a quality improvement effort in which the aforementioned decrease in HCT use had been observed. We reviewed notes from the ED, neurology, neurosurgery, and primary care services, as well as all brain imaging results to determine if death occurred or if an intracranial condition was discovered in the 22.5 months after each index ED visit. An independent, blinded reviewer reviewed each case where an intracranial condition was diagnosed after ED discharge to determine whether the condition was reasonably likely to have been related to the index ED visit’s presentation, thereby representing a missed diagnosis. Results: Of the 582 separate index ED visits sampled, we observed a total of nine deaths and 10 missed intracranial diagnoses. There was no difference in the proportion of death (p = 0.337) or missed intracranial diagnosis (p = 0.312) observed after a 9.6% reduction in HCT use. Among patients who subsequently had visits for headache or brain imaging, we found that these patients were significantly more likely to have not had a HCT done during the index ED visit (59.2% vs. 49.6% (p = 0.031) and 37.1% vs. 26% (p = 0.006), respectively). Conclusion: Our study adds to the compelling evidence that there is opportunity to safely decrease CT imaging for ED patients. To determine the cost effectiveness of such reductions further research is needed to measure what patients and their healthcare providers do after discharge from the ED when unnecessary testing is withheld.
Benign Cutaneous Eruptions After Transplantation

This chapter explores cutaneous diseases that are present in immunosuppressed solid organ transplant recipients. A chronologic approach begins with the cutaneous manifestations of end-stage kidney and liver disease. Subsequently, the cutaneous complications of induction therapy followed by posttransplant immunosuppression are organized by immunosuppressive agent and time to onset of each cutaneous eruption.
Rapidity evolution of gluon TMDs from low to moderate x

I discuss how the rapidity evolution of gluon transverse momentum dependent distribution changes from nonlinear evolution at small $x\ll 1$ to linear evolution at moderate $x\sim 1$.
Wavelength-detuning cross-beam energy transfer mitigation scheme for direct drive: Modeling and evidence from National Ignition Facility implosions

Cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) results from two-beam energy exchange via seeded stimulated Brillouin scattering, which detrimentally reduces laser-energy absorption for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion. Consequently, ablation pressure and implosion velocity suffer from the decreased absorption, reducing target performance in both symmetric and polar direct drive. Additionally, CBET alters the time-resolved scattered-light spectra and redistributes absorbed and scattered-light–changing shell morphology and low-mode drive symmetry. Mitigating CBET is demonstrated in inertial confinement implosions at the National Ignition Facility by detuning the laser-source wavelengths (±2.3 A UV) of the interacting beams. In polar direct drive, wavelength detuning was shown to increase the equatorial region velocity experimentally by 16% and to alter the in-flight shell morphology. These experimental observations are consistent with design predictions of radiation–hydrodynamic simulations that indicate a 10% increase in the average ablation pressure. These results indicate that wavelength detuning successfully mitigates CBET. Simulations predict that optimized phase plates and wavelength-detuning CBET mitigation utilizing the three-legged beam layout of the OMEGA Laser System significantly increase absorption and achieve >100-Gbar hot-spot pressures in symmetric direct drive.
Measuring Spatiotemporal Distortions with GRENOUILLE

Researchers often implicitly assume in their ultrafast studies that their laser beams have separable spatial and temporal dependencies. This underlying assumption greatly simplifies the theoretical treatment of ultrashort laser pulses, but is increasingly difficult to maintain as ever shorter pulse lengths and ever greater bandwidths are routinely generated in ultrafast laboratories. With a large frequency bandwidth, any imperfect operations, such as the stretching, compression, and amplification of ultrashort laser pulses, tend to introduce spatiotemporal distortions, which can be detrimental to the application of these pulses.
Integrative analyses of multi-tissue Hi-C and eQTL data demonstrate close spatial proximity between eQTLs and their target genes

Gene regulation is important for cells and tissues to function. At the genomic level, it has been studied from two aspects, the identification of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and identification of long-range chromatin interactions. It is important to understand their relationship, such as whether eQTLs regulate their target genes through physical chromatin interaction. Although previous studies have suggested enrichment of eQTLs in regions with a high chromatin interaction frequency, it is unclear whether this relationship is consistent across different tissues and cell lines and whether there would be any tissue-specific patterns. Here, we performed integrative analyses of eQTL and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) data from 11 human primary tissue types and 2 human cell lines. We found that chromatin interaction frequency is positively correlated with the number of genes having eQTLs, and eQTLs and their target genes are more likely to fall in the same topologically associating domains than that expected from randomly generated control datasets. These results are consistent across all tissues and cell lines we evaluated. Moreover, in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, spleen, hippocampus, pancreas and aorta, tissue-specific eQTLs are enriched in tissue-specific frequently interacting regions. These results reveal a more detailed picture of the complicated relationship between different mechanisms of gene regulation.
Weathering the Storm: Occupational Stress in Journalists Who Covered Hurricane Harvey

When a hurricane strikes, journalists provide description of what happens, keep the public up-to-date after the event, and even contribute to the recovery and resiliency of their community. These e...
Predicting whole genome sequencing success for archived avian influenza virus (Orthomyxoviridae) samples using real-time and droplet PCRs.

Abstract Long-term viral archives are valuable sources of research data. Each archive can store hundreds of thousands of diverse sample types. In the current era of whole genome sequencing, archived samples become a rich source of evolutionary and epidemiological data that can span years, and even decades. However, the ability to obtain high quality viral whole genome sequences from samples of various types, age, and quality is inconsistent. A minimum quality threshold that helps predict the best success of obtaining high quality genomic sequences for both recent and archived samples is highly valuable. Real-time reverse transcription PCR (rrt-PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) are useful tools to evaluate nucleic acid integrity. We hypothesized that diagnostic rrt-PCR and ddPCR data for avian influenza virus (AIV) can predict viral whole genome sequencing success. To test this hypothesis we used RNA extracted from cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs stored in the USDA-APHIS National Wildlife Disease Program Wildlife Tissue Archive. We determined that a specific rrt-PCR Cq value or ddPCR copies/μL resulted in recovery of complete sequences of all eight AIV gene segments. We used logistic regression to estimate probabilities of whole genome recovery at 0.95 (Cq = 15, copies/μL = 49,350), 0.75 (Cq = 24, copies/μL = 16,800), 0.50 (Cq = 29, copies/μL =
Autonomous search and retrieval

The purpose of our research is to develop an autonomous robot algorithm that utilizes sonar sensors. The algorithm allows the robot to navigate through an obstacle laden static environment to a predefined location where robot retrieves a desired object and then navigate back to the starting location. The robot utilizes data from the sensors to update a map of the environment and chooses the best path to the goal point based on multiple path determination algorithms. Success of the algorithm is based on successful navigation to the goal location, and navigating back to the starting point, hence minimum error.
GSK-3: An important kinase in colon and pancreatic cancers.

Abstract In this review, the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) in pancreatic and colon cancers will be explored. GSK-3 plays a fundamental role in many metabolic processes, primarily as the final enzyme in glycogen synthesis. Active β-catenin represents the final step for the transcription of Wnt target genes. Both GSK-3 and β-catenin are key in the neoplastic transformation and tumorigenesis of human cells. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic malignancies, survival remains dismal. Continued poor outcomes are attributable to tumor cell resistance and high frequency of metastatic disease. Survival for patients diagnosed with colon cancer is often excellent, and many patients achieve long term remission. However, the incidence of colon cancers continues to increase, especially among the young. The future use of targeted therapy in pancreatic and colo-rectal cancer utilizing GSK-3 may be promising, pending a more thorough understanding of potential downstream effects. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: GSK-3 and related kinases in cancer, neurological and other disorders edited by James McCubrey, Agnieszka Gizak and Dariusz Rakus.