cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Variant of a Generalized Quadratic Functional Equation on Groups

Let G be a group and \(\mathbb {C}\) the field of complex numbers. Suppose \(\sigma : G \rightarrow G\) is an involutive endomorphism, that is, \(\sigma \) is an endomorphism of G and it satisfies the condition \(\sigma (\sigma (x)) = x\) for all x in G. In this paper, we find the solutions \(f, g, h, k : G\rightarrow \mathbb {C}\) of the equation \(f(xy) + g(\sigma (y) x) = h(x) + k(y)\)\(\text {for all } x, y \in G\) assuming f and g to be central functions. This equation is a variant of a generalized quadratic functional equation on groups with an involutive endomorphism. As an application, using the solutions of this equation, we find the solutions \(f, g, h , k : G \times G \rightarrow \mathbb {C}\) of the equation \(f(pr, qs)+g(sp,rq) = h(p,q) + k(r,s)\) for all \(p, q, r, s \in G\) assuming f and g to be central functions.
Recognizing the Role of the Clinician in Agency-Influencing Interventions

Goering and colleagues (2017) discuss concerns about agency and identity in the context of closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS), proposing that a relational model of agency helps us think about...
Finding the needles in the haystack: mapping constitutive proteolytic events in vivo

Our quest to understand the complex inner workings of the cell depends on the development of new technologies that allow the study of global regulatory events as they happen within their native cellular environment. Post-translational processing of proteins by proteases is one such regulatory process that can control many aspects of basic cell biology. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Timmer et al. describe a new proteomic approach that can be used to globally monitor constitutive proteolytic events in vivo. Using bacterial, human, yeast and mouse cells, the authors show that this methodology provides a comprehensive map of constitutive trimming events mediated by regulatory proteases such as methionine aminopeptidase. This study also identifies previously uncharacterized processing events that highlight potential novel regulatory mechanisms mediated by proteolysis.
A Reassessment of ANOVA Reporting Practices: A Review of Three APA Journals

Historically, ANOVA has been the most prevalent statistical method used in educational and psychological research and today ANOVA continues to be widely used. A comprehensive review published in 1998 examined several APA journals and discovered persistent concerns in ANOVA reporting practices. The present authors examined all articles published in 2012 in three APA journals ( Journal of Applied Psychology , Journal of Counseling Psychology , and Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ) to review ANOVA reporting practices including p values and effect sizes. Results indicated that ANOVA continues to be prevalent in the reviewed journals as a test of the primary research question, as well as to test conditional assumptions prior to the primary analysis. Still, ANOVA reporting practices are essentially unchanged from what was previously reported. However, effect size reporting has improved.
Use of percutaneous bleomycin sclerotherapy for orbital lymphatic malformations.

Purpose: Bleomycin sclerotherapy has been shown to be a viable treatment for lymphatic malformations. However, its use for these lesions confined to the orbit is becoming increasingly documented in...
Incremental methods of particle size determination

The particle size distribution of a fine powder may be determined by examining a sedimenting suspension of the powder. The powder may be introduced as a thin layer on top of a column of clear liquid, the two-layer technique; or it may be uniformly dispersed in the liquid, the homogeneous suspension technique. In the incremental method of size analysis by sedimentation, changes with time in the concentration or density of the suspension at known depths are determined and from these the size distribution may be found. In the cumulative method, the rate at which the powder is settling out of suspension is determined and, from a knowledge of this, the size distribution may be found. Incremental methods may be divided into fixed time and fixed depth methods, the latter being more popular, although a combination is sometimes used.
Urinary Infection and Complications During Clean Intermittent Catheterization Following Spinal Cord Injury

A total of 50 patients with recent spinal cord injury secondary to trauma participated in a prospective study of urinary complications during an interval of clean intermittent catheterization at initial hospitalization in a spinal cord injury unit. Patients were assigned randomly to groups receiving or not receiving a prophylactic antibacterial preparation. Both groups were divided further into subgroups in which laboratory infections (bacteriuria more than 100,000 organisms per ml.) were treated with definitive antibiotics or in which antibiotic treatment was given only for clinical infections (fever more than 100F or urethral discharge and bacteriuria). Antibacterial prophylaxis significantly reduced the probability of laboratory infection but not the probability of clinical infection, although a trend was noted toward fewer clinical infections. No significant reduction was noted in the probability of clinical infection in subgroups treated promptly for laboratory infection.
Acquisition of Social Network Graph Structure

Two hypotheses concerning the acquisition of network graph structures were tested. Strong support was found for the hypothesis that the deep structure of a graph affects how quickly it will be learned. Specifically, scale-free graphs were acquired more readily than random graphs. Much less support was found for the hypothesis that the acquisition of social networks is exceptional. The results suggest that the surface description given a graph does not affect how quickly it will be learned. Given similar stimuli, computer or transportation networks were learned just as efficiently as social networks. Evidence is also presented that subjects bring a set of expectations to the task of graph structure acquisition. They exhibit a bias toward responding yes when asked if nodes are connected. In social networks, they assume that intragender friendships are more common than intergender friendships. Acquisition is positively correlated with graph transitivity and negatively correlated with connectedness and efficiency.
Annual Reviews and Financial Disclosures

The annual review is a good time to take stock of how a study is progressing. Assessment of the number of subjects, their ages, gender, race, and ethnicity should be reviewed. It is important to recognize if there has been any disproportionate recruiting of subgroups. Special attention should be given to any vulnerable or disadvantaged subjects who were enrolled. Issues with obtaining informed consent should be rigorously reviewed and any corrective actions taken and reviewed with all staff. Other important information includes information about subject injuries, subject complaints, subjects withdrawn due to complications from the study, and any subjects who voluntarily withdrew their consent for participating in the study. Finally, all staff members will complete a conflict of financial interest for each study yearly.
Abstract WP405: Ultra-short-term Blood Pressure Variability is Increased in Ischemic Stroke Patients Compared to Controls

Introduction: Systolic blood pressure variability (BPV) is increased after ischemic stroke and higher levels are associated with worse outcome. Accurate quantification of BPV requires frequent meas...
Assessing community resilience: mapping the community rating system (CRS) against the 6C-4R frameworks

This paper introduces an holistic approach to assessing community resilience in the United States with respect to hazards by inventorying a community's strengths: Financial, Human, Natural, Physica...
Decomposition of Amino Acids in Water with Application to In-Situ Measurements of Enceladus, Europa and Other Hydrothermally Active Icy Ocean Worlds

Abstract To test the potential of using amino acid abundances as a biosignature at icy ocean worlds, we investigate whether primordial amino acids (accreted or formed by early aqueous processes) could persist until the present time. By examining the decomposition kinetics of amino acids in aqueous solution based on existing laboratory rate data, we find that all fourteen proteinogenic amino acids considered in this study decompose to a very large extent (>99.9%) over relatively short lengths of time in hydrothermally active oceans. Therefore, as a rule of thumb, we suggest that if amino acids are detected at Enceladus, Europa, or other hydrothermally active ocean worlds above a concentration of 1 nM, they should have been formed recently and not be relicts of early processes. In particular, the detection of aspartic acid (Asp) and threonine (Thr) would strongly suggest active production within the ocean, as these amino acids cannot persist beyond 1 billion years even at the freezing point temperature of 273 K. Identifying amino acids from the oceans of icy worlds can provide key insight into their history of organic chemistry.
Decreased very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in sperm correlates with sperm quantity and quality

To determine if levels of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA; ≥ 28 carbons;4-6 double bonds) in human sperm correlate with sperm quantity and quality as determined by a complete semen analysis. Ejaculates from 70 men underwent a complete semen analysis, which included volume, count, motility, progression, agglutination, viscosity, morphology, and pH. For lipid analysis, sperm were pelleted to remove the semen. Lipids were extracted from the cell pellet and methyl esters of total lipids analyzed by gas chromatography. The sphingolipids were enriched and sphingomyelin (SM) species measured using tandem mass spectrometry. Pair-wise Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis compared percent VLC-PUFA-SM and percent docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to results from the semen analysis. VLC-PUFA-SM species having 28–34 carbon fatty acids were detected in sperm samples, with 28 and 30 carbon VLC-PUFA as most the abundant. The sum of all VLC-PUFA-SM species comprised 0 to 6.1% of the overall SM pool (mean 2.1%). Pair-wise Pearson analyses showed that lower levels of VLC-PUFA-SM positively correlated with lower total motile count (0.68) and lower total count (0.67). Total VLC-PUFA-SM and mole % DHA (22:6n3) were not strongly correlated (− 0.24). Linear regression analysis confirmed these findings. This study revealed a positive correlation between the levels of VLC-PUFA with sperm count and total motile count and suggests that both sperm quality and quantity may depend on the presence of VLC-PUFA. The lack of correlation between VLC-PUFA and DHA suggests that low VLC-PUFA levels do not result from inadequate PUFA precursors.
Case 28-2019: A 22-Year-Old Woman with Dyspnea and Chest Pain

A Woman with Dyspnea and Chest Pain A 22-year-old woman with congenital heart disease and joint laxity presented to the hospital because of chest pain, cough, and dyspnea. When she was 2 months of ...
Nineteenth-Century Tides in the Gulf of Maine and Implications for Secular Trends

Since the early twentieth century, the amplitudes of tidal constituents in the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy display clear secular trends that are among the largest anywhere observed for a regional body of water. The M2 amplitude at Eastport, Maine, increased at a rate of 14.1 ± 1.2 cm per century until it temporarily dropped during 1980–1990, apparently in response to changes in the wider North Atlantic. Annual tidal analyses indicate M2 reached an all‐time high amplitude last year (2018). Here we report new estimates of tides derived from nineteenth century water‐level measurements found in the U.S. National Archives. Results from Eastport, Portland, and Pulpit Harbor (tied to Bar Harbor) do not follow the twentieth century trends and indicate that the Gulf of Maine tide changes commenced sometime in the late nineteenth or early twentieth centuries, coincident with a transition to modern rates of sea‐level rise as observed at Boston and Portland. General agreement is that sea level rise alone is insufficient to cause the twentieth‐century tide changes. A role for ocean stratification is suggested by the long‐term warming of Gulf of Maine waters; archival water temperatures at Boston, Portland, and Eastport show increases of ∼2 °C since the 1880s. In addition, a changing seasonal dependence in M2 amplitudes is reflected in a changing seasonal dependence in water temperatures. The observations suggest that models seeking to reproduce Gulf of Maine tides must consider both sea level rise and long‐term changes in stratification.
The Emperor Needs New Clothes: Securitizing Threats in the Twenty-First Century

The terrorist attacks of September 11 brought to a head change that had been underway since the end of the Cold War in how we think about security: (1) there is no longer consensus about who or what constitutes the “enemy”; (2) Realism as the dominating paradigm for studying international relations is collapsing; (3) domestic factors are gaining importance for devising security policies; and (4) with increasing globalization these domestic factors attain impact beyond national borders. In this article, I examine the nature of these developments and illustrate that the concept of security is often misapplied for political gain and/or to justify extraordinary measures for countering impending or perceived threats. Comparing various conceptions of security, I analyze the dangers resulting from oversecuritization, which is the propensity to treat traditional policy issues as existential threats to security, and demonstrate the need to more clearly define the distinction betw-een nonexistential and existential threats that justify extraordinary measures. Expanding on classical security complex theory, I propose a conceptual model that links security sectors and can be applied to develop measurable criteria for distinguishing between those issues that should be securitized and those that can be addressed through existing policy channels.
The moderating role of personal cultural values on consumer ethnocentrism in developing countries: The case of Brazil and Russia

Abstract Based on the Optimal Distinctiveness Theory, this study explores the moderating role of personal cultural values in the effect of consumer ethnocentrism on perceived product quality and purchase intention of foreign products in developing countries. Based on 305 Brazilian and 307 Russian nonstudent adult participants, we confirm that the effect of consumer ethnocentrism is substantially strong among the local-minded consumers but very weak or nonexistent among global-minded consumers. This research raises a need to identify the personal values of the consumer, whether local or global, to interpret the effect of consumer ethnocentrism accurately. It recommends international marketers to focus on global-minded consumers to detour the negative impact of consumer ethnocentrism when marketing to developing countries. Especially, marketing campaigns emphasizing on distinctiveness through such personal values as openness to change (self-direction and stimulation) and self-enhancement (achievement, power, and hedonism) rather than conservation (conformity, tradition, and security) and self-transcendence (universalism and benevolence).
Depression among older adults with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies: Results from the Cancer and Aging Resilience Evaluation (CARE) registry.

92Background: Depression among older adults with cancer is often under recognized and under treated. This study characterizes the burden of depression in older adults with GI malignancies and its r...
Predicting Future Intimate Partner Violence with Past Intimate Partner Violence: The Moderating Role of Proactive and Reactive Criminal Thinking:

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern with serious consequences for individuals, families, and society in general. In an effort to expand knowledge in this area, this stu...
E-098 Mechanical thrombectomy in the extended 24 hour time window for acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion

Introduction In 2018 the AHA guidelines were updated to include expansion of the mechanical thrombectomy (MT) window for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) from 6 to 24 hours. We report our institution’s clinical experience with the expanded 24 hour MT window. Methods Among 166 AIS patients with LVO who underwent MT from January 1, 2018 to July 1, 2019 at our comprehensive stroke program, we identified 77 patients (46%) with anterior circulation LVO treated in the extended 24 hour time window. Data was abstracted on demographics, time of Last Known Normal (LKN), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), CT brain perfusion (CTP), cerebral blood flow (CBF), time to maximum (Tmax), clinical presentation, Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score, and outcomes. Symptomatic hemorrhage was defined as neurological worsening within 36 hours accompanied by an NIHSS score increase >4 with correlative imaging. Good functional outcome was defined as 90 day modified Rankin Score of Results Among 77 AIS patients with anterior circulation LVO who underwent MT in the expanded window, the mean age was 66.7 years (range, 26 to 98), 39 (51%) were female, and 69 (90%) were white. Stroke risk factors included atrial fibrillation 48 (62%), diabetes 53 (69%), and hypertension 53 (69%). Only 10 (13%) received intravenous thrombolysis. Initial mean NIHSS was 14.5 (range 1 to 28). CTP was available in 72 (94%) and the mean time from LKN to CTP was 12.0 hours (range, 2.8 – 22.8 hours). CTP mean CBF was 22.8 mL/100 g/min (range, 0 – 157 mL/100 g/min). CTP mean Tmax was 113.6 s (range, 0 to 289 s). Mean time from LKN to MT groin puncture was 12.9 hours (range, 6.1 to 23.5) and 69 (90%) achieved TICI 2B or 3 recanalization. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in 5 (6.5%). Fifteen patients (19.5%) expired. Among the 62 patients who survived, the mean discharge NIHSS was 8.8 (range, 0 to 26). Good functional outcome occurred in 19 (24%). Conclusions AIS patients with anterior circulation LVO treated in the expanded 24 hour MT window account for nearly half of our center’s MT volume. Although high revascularization rates and low symptomatic hemorrhage rates were observed similar to the clinical trials, good functional outcome was lower than the trials. Disclosures S. Salam: None. C. Powers: None. S. Nimjee: None. P. Youssef: None. S. Heaton: None. V. Lee: None.
Chronic mast cell leukaemia with exon 9 KIT mutation A502_Y503dup: a rare imatinib responsive variant

Mast cell leukaemia (MCL) is a very rare aggressive form of systemic mastocytosis (SM), representing <1% of cases of adult SM in the USA. The diagnosis of MCL requires the presence of SM criteria accompanied by mast cells accounting for at least 20% of nucleated cells in bone marrow (BM) aspirate or
Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction after Axillary Lymphadenectomy: A Single-Institution Early Experience.

Lymphedema is progressive arm swelling from lymphatic dysfunction which can occur in 30% patients undergoing axillary dissection/radiation for breast cancer. Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) is performed in an attempt decrease the risk of lymphedema in patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of ILR in preventing lymphedema rates in ALND patients. An institutional review board-approved retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent ILR from 2017 to 2019. Patient demographics, comorbidities, operative and pathologic findings, number of LVAs, limb measurements, complications, and follow-up were recorded and analyzed. Student’s sample t-test, Fisher’s exact test, and ANOVA were used to analyze data; significance was set at p < 0.05. Thirty-three patients were included in this analysis. Three patients (9.1%) developed persistent lymphedema, and two patients (6.1%) developed transient arm edema that resolved with compression and massage therapy. A significant effect was found for body mass index and the number of lymph nodes taken on the development of lymphedema (p < 0.01). The rate of lymphedema in this series was 9.1%, which is an improvement from historical rates of lymphedema. Our findings support ILR as a technique that potentially decreases the incidence of lymphedema after axillary lymphadenectomy. Obesity and number of lymph nodes removed were significant predictive variables for the development of lymphedema following LVA.
The Language of Recollection in Support of Recognition Memory Decisions

Abstract. Researchers often augment recognition memory decisions with confidence ratings or reports of “Remember” and “Know” experiences. While important, these ratings are subject to variation in ...
Variations in Athlete Heat-Loss Potential Between Hot-Dry and Warm-Humid Environments at Equivalent Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Thresholds.

Context Many organizations associated with sports medicine recommend using wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT)-based activity-modification guidelines that are uniform across the country. However, no consideration has been given to whether the WBGT thresholds are appropriate for different weather conditions, such as warm-humid (WH) relative to hot-dry (HD), based on known differences in physiological responses to these environments. Objective To identify if personnel in regions with drier conditions and greater evaporative cooling potential should consider using WBGT-based activity-modification thresholds that differ from those in more humid weather. Design Observational study. Setting Weather stations across the contiguous United States. Main outcome measure(s) A 15-year hourly WBGT dataset from 217 weather stations across the contiguous United States was used to identify particular combinations of globe temperature, wet-bulb temperature, and air temperature that produce WBGTs of 27.9°C, 30.1°C, and 32.3°C. A total of 71 302 observations were clustered into HD and WH environmental conditions. From these clusters, maximum heat-loss potential and heat-flux values were modeled at equivalent WBGT thresholds with various activity levels, clothing, and equipment configurations. Results We identified strong geographic patterns, with HD conditions predominant in the western half and WH conditions predominant in the eastern half of the country. Heat loss was systematically greater in HD than in WH conditions, indicating an overall less stressful environment, even at equivalent WBGT values. At a WBGT of 32.3°C, this difference was 11 W·m-2 at an activity velocity of 0.3 m·s-1, which doubled for an activity velocity of 0.7 m·s-1. The HD and WH difference increased with the WBGT value, demonstrating that evaporative cooling differences between HD and WH conditions were even greater at a higher, rather than lower, WBGT. Conclusions Potential heat loss was consistently greater in HD than in WH environments despite equal WBGTs. These findings support the need for further clinical studies to determine the appropriate WBGT thresholds based on environmental and physiological limits to maximize safety while avoiding unnecessary limitations.
Examining changes in personality following shamanic ceremonial use of ayahuasca.

The present study examines the association between the ceremonial use of ayahuasca—a decoction combining the Banistereopsis caapi vine and N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-containing plants—and changes in personality traits as conceived by the Five-Factor model (FFM). We also examine the degree to which demographic characteristics, baseline personality, and acute post-ayahuasca experiences affect personality change. Participants recruited from three ayahuasca healing and spiritual centers in South and Central America (N = 256) completed self-report measures of personality at three timepoints (Baseline, Post, 3-month Follow-up). Informant-report measures of the FFM were also obtained (N = 110). Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in personality and the moderation of those changes by covariates. The most pronounced change was a reduction in Neuroticism dzself-reportT1–T2 = − 1.00; dzself-reportT1–T3 = − .85; dzinformant-reportT1–T3 = − .62), reflected in self- and informant-report data. Moderation of personality change by baseline personality, acute experiences, and purgative experiences was also observed.
InSAR Applied to Volcano Hazards

Volcano monitoring and eruption response is centered on local volcano observatories who are informed through their local networks of in situ instruments, especially seismometer and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) geodetic time series. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has an increasing role in volcano monitoring. Typically, this occurs with InSAR providing context during episodes of unrest and eruption, usually with a request by the local observatory to relevant scientists. Here we provide some examples of recent InSAR contributions to volcano unrest and eruption, mostly from satellite InSAR, but also with an example from single pass airborne interferometry for topography change during the 2018 Kilauea eruption. We will conclude by pointing towards future directions applying large scale processing combined with dynamical volcano modeling to aid system forecasting.
Energy sources of the high latitude upper atmosphere

A short review is given of electrodynamic and plasma wave heating processes as they occur in the high latitude upper atmosphere.
Deaf Culture and Competing Discourses in a Residential School for the Deaf: "Can Do" versus "Can't Do".

From an ethnographic case study of a state-funded residential school for the Deaf, the authors employed Critical Discourse Analysis to identify competing discourses in the talk of educators. These discourses are embedded in the historical oppression and labeling of deaf people as disabled and the development of Deaf culture as a counter-discourse. Implications include changing teacher/administrator hiring practices, improving professional development options, and distributing power between Deaf and hearing educators.
Earnings Quality and Future Returns: The Relation between Accruals and the Probability of Earnings Manipulation

The paper examines the relation between the probability of manipulation, accruals, and future returns. We show that firms that have a high likelihood of earnings manipulation (as measured by the Beneish (1999)'s M-Score) experience lower future earnings, but that investors expect these firms to have higher future earnings. Indeed, we find that investors overestimate next-period return on assets by 490 to 690 basis points (this is significant as the median ROA in the sample 4.6%). We also show that the probability of manipulation is a correlated omitted variable for the earnings forecasting models used in prior research on accrual mispricing and that including the probability of manipulation greatly attenuates the mispricing of accrual persistence. Finally, we show that the probability of earnings manipulation predicts economically significant abnormal returns of approximately 15% per year after controlling for accruals and various controls for risk factors, including a factor compensating for earnings quality differences (Easley and O'Hara (2004), Francis et al. (2005)). We interpret our results that the predictive ability of accruals for returns is greatly diminished in the presence of the M-Score as indicating that accrual mispricing arises because investors are misled by managers' opportunistic management of earnings.
Flare-up with associated paresthesia of a mandibular second premolar with three root canals.

Abstract A case report is presented that deals with mental nerve paresthesia resulting from the “flare-up” of a mandibular second premolar with three root canals. A review of the literature and discussion follow, which suggest possible mechanisms that may be responsible for paresthesia as well as treatment regimens that may be used to minimize the incidence of this unexpected but occasional post-treatment endodontic sequela.
Listeria monocytogenes Infection Induces Prosurvival Metabolic Signaling in Macrophages

Host cells use metabolic signaling through the LXRα nuclear receptor to defend against Listeria monocytogenes infection. 25-Hydroxycholesterol is a natural ligand of LXRs that is produced by the enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). We found that expression of Ch25h is upregulated following L. monocytogenes infection in a beta interferon (IFN-β)-dependent fashion. Moreover, increased Ch25h expression promotes survival of L. monocytogenes-infected cells and increases sensitivity of the host to infection. We determined that expression of Cd5l, a prosurvival gene, is controlled by CH25H. In addition, we found that CD5L inhibits activation of caspase-1, promoting survival of infected macrophages. Our results reveal a mechanism by which an intracellular pathogen can prolong survival of infected cells, thus providing itself with a protected environment in which to replicate.
17β-Estradiol Induction of Filopodial Growth in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons within Minutes of Exposure

Abstract The rapid effect of 17β-estradiol upon filopodial growth was investigated using videomicroscopy of hippocampal neurons in culture. Within 1-10 min, 17β-estradiol induced a significant increase in the number of filopodia decorating neuritic extensions. In addition, the length of existing as well as newly formed filopodia increased significantly during the 10-min 17β-estradiol exposure. Neurite area and neurite length did not change significantly. The inactive epimer, 17α-estradiol, had no effect upon any of the morphological parameters assessed. Similarly, neither progesterone or corticosterone showed a significant influence upon any of the parameters of hippocampal nerve cell growth in culture within the same time frame in which 17β-estradiol effects were observed. Testosterone induced a significant increase in the number of filopodia without a significant increase in the overall length of the filopodia. Results of these studies demonstrate that 17β-estradiol can induce rapid changes in nerve cell morphology, suggesting that modification of neuronal circuitry can occur within minutes of exposure, a time base that is consistent with 17β-estradiol influence upon nerve cell excitability.
Evaluation of Learning-Disabled Students with the Differential Ability Scales (DAS).

Abstract This study examined the performance characteristics of 83 school-identified learning-disabled (LD) children on the Differential Ability Scales (DAS). As a group, the children scored low on many subtests relative to normative data. Correlations between the DAS and archival Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and achievement tests provided further evidence for DAS validity, although differences in the cognitive processes measured remain. Sixty percent showed a significant standard score discrepancy between the General Conceptual Ability (GCA) and at least one achievement test, based on the simple difference approach. Based on DAS ability-achievement discrepancy patterns, comparisons between more homogeneously defined groups yielded few differences that were independent of group definition criteria. The results from a cluster analysis (Ward's method) yielded two subgroups that differed in terms of their ability-achievement discrepancy. Numerical auditory-sequential recall (Recall of Digits) appeared to be equally problematic for the two subgroups. Overall, compared with previous DAS studies, fewer implications regarding cognitive processes underlying learning disability can be made with findings from this study. It remains unclear whether the cognitive characteristics measured by the DAS will facilitate or improve the educational diagnostic and intervention processes currently utilized with LD children.
Effect of hypophysectomy, DDD treatment, and surgical trauma on the oxygen consumption of the various zones of the adrenal cortex.

Previous reports (Carpenter et al., 1946; Tepperman, 1950; Nichols and Little, 1951; Saffran et al., 1951; Ferstl et. al., 1951; Overbeek and Van der Vies, 1952) have indicated that administration of ACTH to adrenal tissue in vitro causes an increase in oxygen consumption and a depletion of ascorbic acid. It has also been reported (Nichols and Little, 1951) that tangential slices consisting predominantly of zona glomerulosa and of zona fasciculata have different rates of oxygen consumption and react differently to ACTH administered in vitro. Some writers hold the view that the inner zones of the adrenal cortex are under influence of the pituitary (ACTH) while the outer zones are not. This view is supported by the observations that the inner zones undergo a more profound atrophy after hypophysectomy. In view of the foregoing one might suspect that the various zones of the cortex would become resistant or sensitized to ACTH in vitro when taken from an animal a few days after hypophysectomy
Unusual modification patterns in the transfer ribonucleic acids of archaebacteria

The modification patterns of the transfer RNAs of ten archaebacteria (Halobacterium volcanii, Halococcus morrhuae, Methanobacterium bryantii, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanococcus vannielii, Methanococcus voltae, Methanomicrobium mobile, Methanosarcina barkeri, Thermoplasma acidophilum, andSulfolobus acidocaldarius) were analyzed by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography of the32P-labeled nucleotides. All species lack ribothymidine and 7-methylguanosine, and dihydrouridine is absent from all butM. barkeri. Pseudouridine, 2′-O-methylcytidine, 1-methylguanosine, andN 2,N 2-dimethylguanosine are present in all of them; except forM. barkeri andT. acidophilum, all haveN 2-methylguanosine. All, exceptH. volcanii andH. morrhuae, contain 1-methyladenosine, and these two organisms andS. acidocalderius only contain 5-methylcytidine. The transfer RNA modification patterns of the archaebacteria are distinct from those of typical eubacteria (Escherichia coli) and typical eukaryotes (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), although they are somewhat more similar to the latter than the former.
Mechanical and Hydrothermal Stabilities of Aged Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas

Methylene-, ethylene-, and phenylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) synthesized with nonionic alkylethylene oxide templates exhibited significantly better mechanical and hydrothermal stabilities than periodic mesoporous silica. Synthesis of PMOs utilized the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of bis(triethoxysilyl) precursors around supramolecular polyoxyethylene(10) stearyl ether (Brij 76) templates. Nitrogen gas sorption, thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction have been used to characterize the effects of aging, mechanical compression, and hydrothermal treatment on these materials. Both as-synthesized composites containing surfactant templates and extracted PMOs showed no degradation after 10 months. The enhanced stability of these nanoporous organosilicas relative to meoporous silica makes them potential candidates for use in advanced catalysis and adsorption applications.
Comparative Assessment of the Cell Proliferative Activities of Injured Parodontal Tissues in Aging Mice

Little effect was noted on the labeling indexes of the gingival epithelium in aging mice after gingival excision. However, significantly diminished labeling indexes, shifted peak activities to later time periods, and delayed tissue regeneration were observed in associated connective tissues. The effects of aging were most pronounced on the connective tissue compartments that retained their cell proliferative potential despite aging.
Nutritional management of eating disorders

Abnormal nutritional status and dietary patterns are central features of the eating disorders. Normalization of these features are key components of treatment and recovery because they are powerful perpetuating factors. Restrictive diets, fat avoidance, and abnormal cognitive and perceptual patterns are typically present, in addition to altered nutritional parameters because of hormonal and metabolic factors. The primary goal of nutrition intervention in the patient with anorexia nervosa is to promote weight gain through increased energy intake, expansion of the diet, and knowledgeable and empathetic dietary counseling. A regular pattern of nutritionally balanced, planned meals and snacks, and the avoidance of restrictive dieting, are essential elements of treatment for the patient with bulimia nervosa. As a member of the multidisciplinary treatment team, the dietitian or nutrition professional with knowledge of nutritional science, counseling skills, and a nonjudgmental attitude can provide expertise in this area.
FACILITATION OF PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING BY NON-VERBAL MEDIATORS

80 Ss divided into 4 groups received paired-associate training under 1 of 4 mediational paradigms: stimulus equivalence, response equivalence, and 2 chaining paradigms. Different intensities of shock and tone were used as non-verbal mediators with each of 6 CVC pairs. Three other pairs were used as non-mediated controls. The use of non-verbal mediators facilitated paired-associate learning and the degree of facilitation was a direct function of the intensity of the mediators. Neither paradigms nor type of mediator were effective variables.
Pediatric nurse practitioners as providers of mental health services

Abstract Pediatric nurse practitioners are professional nurses trained to assume broadened responsibilities for child health supervision in collaboration with practicing pediatricians. The pediatric nurse practitioner takes the greatest responsibility and initiative in the care of the well child and it is this aspect of the nurse practitioner's role which has the greatest relevance to the provision of mental health services. There is an emphasis on anticipatory guidance and parental counseling in the context of family‐oriented care of children and early intervention and treatment of less severe behavioral problems. The nurse practitioner may play a particularly important role in supporting the mother‐child relationship in the neonatal period and in extending understanding and guidance to “high risk”; mothers. An expanded nursing role coincides with an increasing emphasis on behavioral pediatrics as the proper and logical concern of pediatric primary care providers.
The regulation of expression of integrin receptors

The integrins are a family of cell surface receptors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. The quantities and activities of these receptors are modulated during a wide variety of biological processes. A variety of agents have been found to affect expression of integrins and their function. These include cytokines, hormones, and pharmacologic agents. Mechanisms regulating integrin expression and function include regulation of protein levels by transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms, alteration of protein structure by alternative splicing of mRNA, mobilization to the cell surface of preexisting intracellular stores of integrins, and modulation of receptor activity (inside-out signaling). We review studies that assess the effects of external agents on integrin levels using the cytokine TGFbeta as an example. We also review studies that analyze integrin regulation with an emphasis on the control of integrin gene transcription. This review shows that the strategies for integrin modulation are quite complex. This regulatory sophistication is likely necessary, given the critical role that integrins play in the myriad social interactions of cells.
Cognitive and Functional Decline in Adults Aged 75 and Older

OBJECTIVES: To simultaneously examine the influence of functional disability on the development of cognitive impairment and the influence of cognitive status on the development of functional disability over time and compare findings across ethnic groups. DESIGN: A population-based longitudinal study. SETTING: Galveston County, Texas. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred sixty-five community-dwelling Hispanic Americans, African Americans, and non-Hispanic whites, aged 75 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline measures included demographics, self-reported chronic medical conditions, functional disability, and cognitive status. Longitudinal measures included functional decline and cognitive decline. RESULTS: Substantial functional decline was associated with each additional error on the mental status measure; substantial cognitive decline was associated with each additional antecedent disability. These findings were evident across all three ethnic groups, even when taking into account the effects of demographic factors and chronic health conditions, although the specific chronic health conditions that influenced cognitive and functional decline were found to vary across the three ethnic groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that, rather than simply being correlated markers of increasing frailty, cognitive and functional decline appear to influence the development of one another. Clinicians need to be aware of these associations, which may affect the direction of preventive care and rehabilitation in the oldest old. Appropriate intervention may result in the prevention or delay of functional disability and cognitive decline. Awareness of the specific chronic health conditions that increase the risk for cognitive or functional decline in various ethnic groups, and the effect of comorbid disease, may also help efforts to prevent decline in older adults.
Minority Caregivers' Emotional Responses and Perceptions of the Emotional Responses of their Children to Asthma: Comparing Boys and Girls

Approximately 7.1 million children in the US suffer from asthma. An exploratory qualitative study using a stratified purposive sampling method was conducted. The sample included four Latina and four African American female caregivers of children (ages 6–12) who had asthma. Caregivers were asked open-ended questions about perceptions of their children's emotional responses to asthma. Major themes and subthemes were identified with content analysis. Sons were reported as quiet when experiencing asthma. Daughters were described as being verbal, worried, excited. A question from the study was whether the children's responses were related to caregivers’ (a) actions, (b) responses to asthma, and/or(c) race/ethnicity.
Mothers of Children with Acquired Disabilities: Using the Subjective Voice to Inform Parent/Professional Partnership

This article presents findings from a phenomenological dissertation that interviewed mothers of young children who acquired permanent disabilities. Mothers' accounts provide a rich source of inform...
The Drinking Bird Toy and its Modifications as A Means of Illustrating Thermodynamic Concepts

The drinking bird toy is modified so that it operates using ice instead of liquids. It is shown how this and other modifications can be used in general and physical chemistry courses to illustrate a variety of thermodynamic concepts. Expressions are given for the maximum work in terms of the heat of vaporization or the heat of fusion. A sample calculation is given to compare the maximum work obtainable from equal amounts of liquid water and ice.
Nest taphonomy of common terns (Sterna hirundo) on Poplar Island, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland

Mesozoic non-avian theropod dinosaurs displayed a diverse range of egg types and clutch forms, suggesting a variety of nesting behaviours, some of which may be shared with birds. More accurate infe...
Effects of brazelton demonstrations on early interactions of preterm infants and their teenage mothers

Brazelton demonstrations and MABI assessments were provided for lower class teenage mothers of preterm infants during the neonatal period. Another group received the Mother's Assessment of the Behavior of her Infant (MABI) scale alone. The effects of these interventions were evaluated at one month by Brazelton and mother—infant feeding and face-to-face interactions. Both the Brazelton demonstration/MABI group and the MABI group showed more optimal Brazelton interactive process scores, feeding and face-to-face interaction ratings at one month than did preterm and term infant control groups. However, a greater number of effects were observed for the Brazelton demonstration/MABI group.
Macroepidemiology of the HIVs-AIDS (HAIDS) Pandemic Insufficiently Considered Zoological and Geopolitical Aspects

The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs)-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or HAIDS pandemic originated from lentiviruses of nonhuman primates (thus qualifying as a zoonosis) that moved into humans in Africa. The HAIDS patients eventually die of opportunistic infections, all potentially zoonotic. The HAIDS infection remained parochial, first endemically and then epidemically, until the African urbanization that occurred in each of the countries postindependence. The latter included wars and the massive movement of soldiers (virologically naive) from the American continent to Africa and back. The HAIDS viral ecology coincided with African swine fever (ASF) in the Americas. Haiti became the focal point for both infections. Some infected Haitians also became, together with some infected drug addicts in the United States, a source of contaminated human blood for transfusions and production of plasma derivatives.
Injecting and sexual risk correlates of HBV and HCV seroprevalence among new drug injectors

We examine injecting and sexual risk correlates of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) seroprevalence among new injecting drug users (IDUs) (age 18-30 years, injecting or =300 lifetime drug injections. Among men only, HCV seropositivity was associated with > or =40 lifetime number of sex partners (among those never sharing injecting equipment). In this new IDU sample, HBV and HCV seroprevalence differed by gender and were considerably higher than HIV seroprevalence. Early interventions, targeting injecting and sexual risks and including HBV vaccination, are needed among new IDUs to prevent HBV, HCV and, potentially, HIV epidemics.
Seduction without cause: uncovering explanatory neurophilia

Credibility is a cherished currency in science, but its cues can be counterfeit. A novel series of experiments by Weisberg and her colleagues show that non-expert consumers of behavioral explanations assign greater standing to explanations that contain neuroscientific details, even if these details provide no additional explanatory value. Here, we discuss the part that this 'placebic' information might play in producing a potentially misleading sense of intellectual fluency and, consequently, an unreliable sense of understanding.
Using dynamic scenario analyses to evaluate how market factors could shape San Diego California New Car buyer’s interest in purchasing a Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV)

This analysis creates three temporally sequential hypothetical future time periods for a PEV market. In these scenarios, we present six factors which are likely to influence PEV ownership. These factors are the incremental cost of PEVs, the size of vehicles available for purchase, the vehicle manufacturers producing PEVs, vehicle turnover, the cost to install home charging infrastructure and the authority to install charging infrastructure at a primary residence. In each time period the characteristics of the vehicle and consumer market change to capture the dynamics of vehicle supply and new car buyers. Results from a mixed-method questionnaire of 470 San Diego California residents is matched with the hypothetical scenarios created for this analysis, which provides a baseline measure of how interest in PEVs might evolve over time for San Diego CA new car buyers. Incremental changes from the baseline conditions in each of the factors illustrate how different strategies such as: price reduction, larger vehicles offered for sale, introduction of new makes producing PEVs, and workplace charging infrastructure, might play a role in changing the pool of San Diego CA new car buyers who are interested in purchasing a PEV.