cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anatomization of Fog Computing and Edge Computing

Today’s business revolution depends on digital transformation. Public and private organization’s experts forecast the technology which plays a concrete role in their business processes steadfastly. Cloud computing plays a corporeal role in information technology operations to provide a low cost, dexterity, flexibility and scalability. Measureless IoT clients and its applications are urging to execute their business process intelligently and rapidly. Globalized process has been taken place in cloud computing, however this mobilized process is too slow to accommodate the time susceptible tasks [1]. Thus introducing next big computing technology termed as fog computing. The goal of Foggingis to implement the decentralized computing architecture, which distributes data, storage, compute and applications between the data source and the cloud. It outspreads the conception of cloud to the edge of the network and it is closely associated with IoT devices. To bring power to the cloud services, Fog computing scrutinizes and resolves the problem by keeping the data closerto the origin [9]. EdgeComputing empowers the data outcome by IoT devices. This IoT device’s process can be processed nearer to itsorigin. By doing this optimized process, long routes data transmission is eluded. Optimized data can be sent to the common data centers or clouds for further process.In this paper, discussed about an extensive similarities and dissimilarities of Cloud, Fog and Edge computing.
Towards a Heterogeneous Swarm for Object Classification

Object classification capabilities and associated reactive swarm behaviors are implemented in a decentralized swarm of autonomous, heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Each UAV possesses a separate capability to recognize and classify objects using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) neural network model. The UAVs communicate and share data through a swarm software architecture using an adhoc wireless network. When one UAV recognizes a particular object of interest, the entire swarm reacts with a pre-programmed behavior. Classification results of people and backpacks using our modified UAV detection platforms are provided, as well as a simulated demonstration of the reactive swarm behaviors with actual hardware and swarm software in the loop.
A Comparative Study on Variable vs. Fixed Subchannel Symbol Rates with Different Modulation Formats in WSS Filtering Penalty-Aware Elastic Optical Networks

The impact of the wavelength selective switch (WSS) filtering penalty on the signal integrity of elastic wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network becomes increasingly important as the optical channel spacing goes finer in order to achieve higher spectrum utilization. Subcarrier multiplexing can be applied to mitigate the WSS filtering penalty. We investigate, by simulations, the use of multiple subcarriers with variable symbol rate per subcarrier and different modulation formats to minimize the transmission penalty caused by WSS filtering. Lightpath feasibility in two elastic WDM network topologies is also studied using the described technique.
Optimal Inspired Oxygen Weaning Strategy Following Return of Spontaneous Circulation After Perinatal Asphyxial Arrest.

Background: Early hyperoxemia in neonates with perinatal acidemia is associated with higher incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (Kapadia et al J Peds 2013). Hence, judicious use of oxygen (O2) during resuscitation is warranted. In neonatal cardiac arrest at term gestation, current NRP guidelines recommend initiation of positive pressure ventilation (PPV) with 21% O2 and titration based on SpO2, but 100% O2 during chest compressions (CC). However, following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), a combination of hyperemia (due to hypercarbia) and hyperoxia can result in cerebral oxidative stress and reperfusion injury. Objective: Abrupt weaning of inspired O2 to 21% after ROSC followed by upward titration (21%O2-titrate up) will limit hyperoxia without altering cerebral oxygen delivery (C-DO2) compared to gradual weaning from 100% O2 with …
Introduction to special issue: clinical supervision in implementation science

Implementation science is at the nexus of research and practice, and studies ways to promote the use of research findings in service settings. Clinical supervision has a rich theoretical literature...
Neurobehavioral anomalies in zebrafish after sequential exposures to DDT and chlorpyrifos in adulthood: Do multiple exposures interact?

Abstract A sequence of different classes of synthetic insecticides have been used over the past 70 years. Over this period, the widely-used organochlorines were eventually replaced by organophosphates, with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) as the principal prototypes. Considerable research has characterized the risks of DDT and CPF individually, but little is known about the toxicology of transitioning from one class of insecticides to another, as has been commonplace for agricultural and pest control workers. This study used adult zebrafish to investigate neurobehavioral toxicity following 5-week chronic exposure to either DDT or CPF, to or their sequential exposure (DDT for 5 weeks followed by CPF for 5 weeks). At the end of the exposure period, a subset of fish were analyzed for brain cholinesterase activity. Behavioral effects were initially assessed one week following the end of the CPF exposure and again at 14 months of age using a behavioral test battery covering sensorimotor responses, anxiety-like functions, predator avoidance and social attraction. Adult insecticide exposures, individually or sequentially, were found to modulate multiple behavioral features, including startle responsivity, social approach, predator avoidance, locomotor activity and novel location recognition and avoidance. Locomotor activity and startle responsivity were each impacted to a greater degree by the sequential exposures than by individual compounds, with the latter being pronounced at the early (1-week post exposure) time point, but not 3–4 months later in aging. Social approach responses were similarly impaired by the sequential exposure as by CPF-alone at the aging time point. Fleeing responses in the predator test showed flee-enhancing effects of both compounds individually versus controls, and no additive impact of the two following sequential exposure. Each compound was also associated with changes in recognition or avoidance patterns in a novel place recognition task in late adulthood, but sequential exposures did not enhance these phenotypes. The potential for chemical x chemical interactions did not appear related to changes in CPF metabolism to the active oxon, as prior DDT exposure did not affect the cholinesterase inhibition resulting from CPF. This study shows that the effects of chronic adult insecticide exposures may be relevant to behavioral health initially and much later in life, and that the effects of sequential exposures may be unpredictable based on their constituent exposures.
Machine Learning On Transistor Aging Data: Test Time Reduction and Modeling for Novel Devices

Accurately modeling the I-V characteristics and current degradation for transistors is central to predicting circuit end-of-life behavior. In this work, we propose a machine learning model to accurately model current degradation at various stress conditions and extend that to make nominal use-bias predictions. The model can be extended to track and predict any parametric change. We show an excellent agreement of the model with experimental results. Furthermore, we use a deep neural network to model the I-V characteristics of aged transistors over a wide drain and gate playback bias range and show an excellent agreement with experimental results. We show that the model is reliably able to interpolate and extrapolate demonstrating that it learns the underlying functional form of the data.
Preventing Predatory Alienation by High-Control Groups: The Application of Human Trafficking Laws to Groups Popularly Known as Cults, and Proposed Changes to Laws Regarding Federal Immigration, State Child Marriage, and Undue Influence

Significant legal developments in the United States have taken place within the past year. First, United States v. Raniere was a criminal case launched against the founder of a purported self-help organization, NXIVM, and several of his associates. The Raniere case established precedent for using the human-trafficking statutes, among other grounds, to pursue justice for victims of high-demand groups. Second, the number of asylum seekers is increasing annually, and some of these undocumented immigrants are escaping from their countries-of-origin cults, gangs, and other extremist groups. However, once they arrive in the United States, there are many statutory and court-imposed requirements for establishing asylum; lawmakers should clarify or eliminate some of these requirements in order to fulfill the original purpose of the Immigration and Nationality Act. Third, setting the minimum age for marriage would help to reduce the number of child brides who are often pressured by cults and high-control groups. Fourth, still in need of refinement is the legal theory of “undue influence,” which potentially could aid cult victims in civil lawsuits against overreaching organizations and individuals. And finally, pending in the New Jersey legislature is the Predatory Alienation Bill, which calls for ongoing public-awareness campaigns, alienation counseling, and other remedies.
Myofibril orientation as a metric for characterizing heart disease

Myocyte disarray is a hallmark of cardiomyopathy. However, the relationship between alterations in the orientation of individual myofibrils and myofilaments to disease progression has been largely underexplored. This oversight has predominantly been due to a paucity of methods for objective and quantitative analysis. Here we introduce a novel, less-biased approach to quantify myofibrillar and myofilament orientation in cardiac muscle under near physiological conditions and demonstrate its superiority as compared to conventional histological assessments. Using small-angle X-ray diffraction, we first investigated changes in myofibrillar orientation at increasing sarcomere lengths in permeabilized, relaxed, wildtype mouse myocardium by assessing the angular spread of the 1,0 equatorial reflection (angle {sigma}). At a sarcomere length (SL) of 1.9 m, the angle {sigma} was 0.23{+/-}0.01 rad, decreased to 0.19{+/-}0.01 rad at a SL of 2.1 m, and further decreased to 0.15{+/-}0.01 rad at a SL of 2.3 m (p<0.0001). Angle {sigma} was significantly larger in R403Q (a MYH7 HCM model) porcine myocardium (0.24{+/-}0.01 rad) compared to WT myocardium (0.14{+/-}0.005 rad, p<0.0001) as well as in human heart failure tissue (0.19{+/-}0.006 rad) when compared to non-failing samples (0.17{+/-}0.007 rad, p=0.01). These data indicate that diseased myocardium suffers from greater myofibrillar disorientation compared to healthy controls. Finally, we showed that conventional, histology-based analysis of disarray can be subject to user bias and/or sampling error and lead to false positives. Our method for directly assessing myofibrillar orientation avoids the artifacts introduced by conventional histological methods that directly assess myocyte orientation and only indirectly assess myofibrillar orientation, and provides a precise and objective metric for phenotypically characterizing myocardium. The ability to obtain excellent X-ray diffraction patterns from frozen human myocardium provides a new tool for investigating the structural bases of cardiomyopathies.
Venetoclax in Previously Treated Waldenström Macroglobulinemia

PURPOSEBCL2 is overexpressed and confers prosurvival signaling in malignant lymphoplasmacytic cells in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). Venetoclax is a potent BCL2 antagonist and triggers in vit...
Hereditary Ataxia Overview

Clinical characteristics The hereditary ataxias are a group of genetic disorders characterized by slowly progressive incoordination of gait and often associated with poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements. Frequently, atrophy of the cerebellum occurs. In this GeneReview the hereditary ataxias are categorized by mode of inheritance and gene (or chromosome locus) in which pathogenic variants occur. Diagnosis/testing Inherited (genetic) forms of ataxia must be distinguished from the many acquired (non-genetic) causes of ataxia. The genetic forms of ataxia are diagnosed by family history, physical examination, neuroimaging, and molecular genetic testing. Genetic counseling The hereditary ataxias can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked manner. Genetic counseling and risk assessment depend on determination of the specific cause of an inherited ataxia in an individual. Management Treatment of manifestations: Canes, walkers, and wheelchairs for gait ataxia; use of special devices to assist with handwriting, buttoning, and use of eating utensils; speech therapy and/or computer-based devices for those with dysarthria and severe speech deficits. Prevention of primary manifestations: With the exception of vitamin E therapy for ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED), no specific treatments exist for hereditary ataxia.
Critique of the Veil of Fair Representation

In what has become known as the “Spencer Haywood case,” the player of that name challenged then-existing bylaws of the National Basketball Association (“NBA”) that barred anyone from playing in the NBA until four years after he, or his high school class, graduated from high school. A federal trial judge, and then Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas, held that Mr. Haywood was entitled to a “preliminary injunction,” permitting him to play for an NBA team, because he raised a significant question whether the NBA’s four years after high school rule violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. Mr. Haywood ultimately won on the merits, as a federal district court held that the NBA’s age-related restrictions constituted an illegal “group boycott” forbidden by the Sherman Antitrust Act. The decision opened the door not only to Mr. Haywood, but to scores of basketball players who joined NBA teams after fewer than four years of college play, and even to players who came to the NBA immediately from high school.
Annexation of the interchromosomal space during viral infection.

The nucleus is known to be compartmentalized into units of function1, but the processes leading to the spatial organization of chromosomes and nuclear compartments are not yet well defined. Here we report direct quantitative analysis of the global structural perturbations of interphase chromosome and interchromosome domain distribution caused by infection with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). Our results show that the peripheral displacement of host chromosomes that correlates with expansion of the viral replication compartment (VRC)2,3,4,5 is coupled to a twofold increase in nuclear volume. Live cell dynamic measurements suggest that viral compartment formation is driven by the functional activity of viral components and underscore the significance of spatial regulation of nuclear activities.
Fusiform rust incidence in loblolly and slash pine plantations in east Texas.

A method to predict the incidence of fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) in unthinned loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliotti Englem.) plantations located on non-oldfields in East Texas is presented. In addition, procedures are described to estimate changes in rust incidence over time as: 1. A rust-free tree remains rust free, develops tem or branch galls, or dies. 2. A tree with branch galls remains with branch galls only, develops stem galls, or dies. 3. A tree with stem galls remains with stem galls, or dies. Multinomial logistic regression models utilizing basic plantation parameters a predictors were fit to estimate current rust incidence and, then, the change in rust condition over time. South. J. Appl. For. 15(2):79-84. Fusiform rust, caused bythe fungus Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme, is the most damaging disease of 1oblolly and slash pines, the two major pine species in the southern United States. Annual losses in the order of $130 million (Anderson and Mistretta 1982) underscore the need for assessing the incidence of this disease so that detection, control, and prevention practices can be efficiently deployed. The purpose of this study was to predict the incidence of fusiform rust in planted stands of 1oblolly and slash pine in East Texas. By incidence we mean the proportion of trees in a stand in each infection-level category; and the change in these proportions over time, henceforth called the transition proportions. Shoulders and Nance (1987) compiled statewide summaries of similarly defined transition proportions and observed that transition proportions may vary widely among stands. Our modeling effort was intended to provide more precise estimators of stand-level transition proportions by including stand attributes as explanatory factors. Within a timber stand, rust proportions follow a multinomial distribution. Accordingly, multinomial logistic regression (MLR) models were fit. The MLR model estimates the probability of an event. When applied to a stand of trees, this probability is interpreted as the estimated proportion of trees in a certain class. MLR models can accommodate an arbitrary number of classes; when only two classes are recognized, the MLR reduces to the binary logistic model, which has been widely used in forestry to model mortality (see, for example, the work by Monserud 1976, Hamilton 1974 and 1986, and Hamilton and Edwards 1976).
Managing Derived Data in Intelligent Database Systems: An Implementation Study

Knowledge-directed inference in intelligent database systems derives large amounts of data that require new functionalities not available in conventional database management systems. This paper presents a front-end implementation of the selective materialization paradigm proposed in a previous study for efficient management of derived data. Empirical results obtained in this study demonstrate that selective materialization can be very cost effective compared to current approaches in other research prototypes. In addition, this paper introduces several concepts and algorithms key to the implementation, such as the minimal derivation graph, the rule transformation algorithm, and physical rule/data graphs.
Calcium influx in a rat mast cell (RBL-2H3) line. Use of multivalent metal ions to define its characteristics and role in exocytosis.

An increase in concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) is associated with an accelerated influx of 45Ca2+ when cultured RBL-2H3 cells are stimulated with either antigen or analogs of adenosine although these agents act via different receptors and coupling proteins (Ali, H., Cunha-Melo, J.R., Saul, W.F., and Beaven, M.A. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 745-753). The same mechanism probably operates for basal Ca2+ influx in unstimulated cells and for the accelerated influx in stimulated cells. This influx had the following characteristics. 1) It was decreased when cells were depolarized with high external K+; 2) it was blocked by other cations (La3+ greater than Zn2+ greater than Cd2+ greater than Mn2 = Co2+ greater than Ba2+ greater than Ni2+ greater than Sr2+) either by competing with Ca2+ at external sites (e.g. La3+ or Zn2+) or by co-passage into the cell (e.g. Mn2+ or Sr2+); and 3) the inhibition of influx by K+ and the metal ions had exactly the same characteristics whether cells were stimulated or unstimulated even though influx rates were different. The dependence of various cellular responses on influx of Ca2+ was demonstrated as follows. The stimulated influx of Ca2+, rise in [Ca2+]i, and secretion, could be blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by increasing the concentration of La3+, but concentrations of La3+ (greater than 20 microM) that suppressed influx to below basal rates of influx markedly suppressed the hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids (levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate were unaffected). Some metal ions, e.g. Mn2+ and Sr2+, however, supported the stimulated hydrolysis of inositol phospholipid and some secretion in the absence of Ca2+. Thus a basal rate of influx of Ca2+ was required for the full activation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, but in addition an accelerated influx was necessary for exocytosis.
What the ANPRM Missed: Additional Needs for IRB Reform

Institutional Review Boards are mandated to carry out the requirements of the Common Rule, and it is widely agreed that they are appropriate and necessary mechanisms to ensure the ethical conduct of human research. In this paper, we suggest that the changes proposed in ANPRM, although generally helpful, fail to take into consideration how IRBs actually review applications and therefore do not adequately address some of the problems that may be leading to ineffective human subject protection.
Utilization of Critical Periods During Development to Study the Effects of Low Levels of Environmental Agents

The identification of susceptible subpopulations serves basic as well as applied purposes. The biological properties by which a subpopulation differs from less susceptible individuals furnish important clues about the basic mechanisms by which an environmental agent impinges on biological material of all organisms (e.g., repair deficiencies shed light on repair in general); they also provide information on the pathways between the original interaction and the finally expressed endpoint. From a more applied point of view, the existence of susceptible subpopulations may lead to limitations in permissible doses of an environmental agent. Where a subpopulation cannot be physically separated from the main population, such limitations must be to the overall population. Alternatively, the susceptible subpopulation may have to be restricted from certain environments, e.g., the workplace — a procedure that can have social and legal implications.
Regulation of the β-Ketoadipate Pathway in Alcaligenes eutrophus

The regulation of the synthesis of the inducible enzymes that mediate the reactions of the β-ketoadipate pathway in Alcaligenes eutrophus has been examined by determining the inductive responses of the wild type and of mutants derived from it to metabolites of the pathway. The system of control differs in many respects from those which operate in the genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter.
Cardiac device reutilization: is it time to "go green" in underserved countries?

In recent decades, the industrialized world has seen a dramatic decline in the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, this benefit from preventative therapies and medical technologies has not been witnessed in lowand middle-income countries (LMIC) that account for >80% of all cardiovascular deaths worldwide.1 What was once thought to be a disease of only affluent industrialized nations has now superseded malaria and tuberculosis as the epidemic of the 21st century. There exists no greater inequality between industrialized nations and LMIC than in the field of cardiac electrophysiology—specifically device implantation. In 2005 alone, more than 1,050 new pacemakers and implantable defibrillators (ICDs) were implanted per million people in the United States as compared to 111 new cardiac device implants per million people in Brazil.2 As a result of these gross inequalities, various organizations have recently delivered cardiac devices to those in need in underserved nations: (1) Heartbeat International is a charitable organization that specializes in allocating pacemakers near their “sell-by” date generously donated by device manufacturers. To date, more than 9,000 devices have been implanted through pacemaker banks established by local Rotary International chapters in 24 countries over four continents.3 (2) World Medical Relief, a nonprofit organization specializing in delivery of medical equipment for distribution to hospitals and clinics in underserved nations, recently delivered 12 resterilized pacemakers to patients in the Philippines who could not afford device therapy.4 Novel therapies must be considered in order to prevent the estimated one million deaths that occur annually due to a lack of access to bradyarrhythmia therapy.5 Device reutilization appears to be a safe, feasible, and ethically responsible means of delivering electrophysiological healthcare to those in great need in underserved nations.
Exploring Mathematics College Readiness in the United States

Large numbers of students graduate high school unprepared for post-secondary education and ill-equipped for the labor force of the 21st century. Research on college readiness reveals the prominent role that mathematics preparedness plays in the fulfillment of hopes and dreams for a college degree. As requirements for post-secondary education and qualifications for the workforce merge, college readiness in mathematics is a significant factor in job opportunities and career choices. This report provides an in-depth exploration in mathematics college readiness in the United States and offers a compilation of recommendations from many significant constituents who have made notable advances in mathematics preparedness in the education of todayâ€™s high school students.
Regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2

Abstract The human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 can be maintained in continuous culture and secretes numerous plasma proteins and lipoproteins into the medium. To better characterize cholesterol homeostasis in these cells we have examined the binding, internalization and degradation of [ 125 I]LDL by cultured Hep G2 cells. Hep G2 cells express high-affinity low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors which facilitate the binding, internalization and degradation of [ 125 I]LDL; these receptors can be induced by growth in LDL-depleted medium and repressed by further incubation in medium supplemented with LDL. The degradation of [ 125 I]LDL by derepressed Hep G2 cells was inhibited by > 90% by monensin. Incubation of Hep G2 cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of LDL also inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis. Our results indicate that Hep G2 cells possess high affinity LDL receptors which are subject to metabolic regulation and suggest that this cell line affords a valuable model to further examine cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in human liver cells.
A Further Study of Horizontal Asymmetry in the Perception of Pictures

Two previous studies of photographs (1, 2 ) have been a part of a series of investigations on the factors at work in the perception of discance. In these studies a standard psychophysical procedure of matching two targets (prints) was employed as a better means than direct questioning of obtaining reliable and pertinent information. One of the above smdies (1 ) used prints and their mirror images to obtain information about possible differences in che perception of che left and right portions of the visual field. The prints were of very complex composition. The degree to which the five scenes were horizontally asymmetrical, was determined by judges. It was thought that use of geometrically quantifiable scenes would be an improvement. The present scudy furthers this objective.
NOVEL DINOFLAGELLATE CLOCK‐RELATED GENES IDENTIFIED THROUGH MICROARRAY ANALYSIS1

In a genome-wide study of circadian gene expression, we constructed microarrays containing 3500 cDNAs from the dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula Schutt and compared the abundance of transcripts at circadian times separated by 12 h. About 3% of the unique genes screened were identified as circadian controlled, more than 50% of which could be identified with diverse known genes. Most were preferentially expressed in either early subjective day or late subjective night. Light exposures at times expected to induce phase shifts in the rhythm revealed 30 differentially expressed genes, including some potentially participating in photic entrainment and others in pathways connecting a central oscillator to output rhythms. Those that appeared in both screens were considered as possible core clock genes, but there were no similarities with such genes from other organisms. This is the first report of circadian regulation of transcript levels in a dinoflagellate.
Magnetic susceptibility of [NH3(CH2)nNH3]CuCl4xBr4(1-x) with n=5 and 7

Powder magnetic susceptibility measurements were obtained for [NH3(CH2)xNH3]CuCl4xBr(4(1-x) with various chloride and bromide concentrations (n = 5 or 7, and x between 0 and 1). Although the pure bromide compounds, x = 0, are three dimensional ferromagnets, while the pure chloride compounds, x = 1, are three dimensional antiferromagnets, no spin glass behavior was observed. Temperature versus composition phase diagrams showing possible tetracitical points with mixed phases were constructed for both series of compounds and are discussed.
The Epistemological Significance of ‘Ομοοσον in the Theology of Thomas F. Torrance

Central to the whole of Thomas Forsyth Torrance's theology is the μοοΣιον between the incarnate Logos and the eternal God, or the consubstantiality of the Son with the Father. The immense significance of this Nicene μοοΣιον is best understood against the background of the axiomatic χωριΣμΣ which lies at the heart of Hellenism, Gnosticism and Arianism. Once such a radical separation between τ νοητ and τ αἰΣθητ is posited, there arise the inevitable questions: (a) How do we regard the biblical statements of the eternal God within the history of the Jewish people in the realm of τ αἰΣθητ (b) On which side of the demarcation does the Logos of the eternal God belong? For the dualist thinkers, the dilemma is — How can the eternal God who is impassible and changeless be thought of as actually entering the spatiotemporal history of this changing and decaying world, and alas, even living within our creaturely and contingent order? To be sure, the biblical notion of a Creator who actively and creatively interacts with his creation is incompatible with the prevailing Hellenic thought-form and secular culture of the early Church. It was as unthinkable and unintelligible to them as it is to Bultmann and the myth-of-God-incarnate theologians of our day.
Cocos pulposa palm kernel oil

The kernels from the palm Cocos pulposa received from Uruguay contained 59.5 per cent of oil and 4.8 per cent of moisture. The expressed oil gave the following characteristics: Saponification value, 260.3; iodine number (Hanus), 24.6; thiocyanogen value, 22.4; Reichert-Meissl value, 71; and Polenske value, 24.8. It contained 0.44 per cent of unsaponifiable matter and the following percentages of acids: Caproic, 1.47; caprylic, 9.4; capric, 13.2; lauric, 34.4; myristic, 6.6; palmitic, 1.8 and stearic, 1.3. The chief uses for which the oil is suited are for making soap and, after refining, as an ingredient in the manufacture of margarin.
MODELLING UNCERTAINTY IN THE COMBINED KINEMATIC AND DYNAMIC SYNTHESIS OF A FOUR BAR LINKAGE

Abstract The early stages of design are often characterized by uncertainty. However, important design decisions are made in these stages in the presence of uncertainly. Fuzzy and Bayesian compromise Decision Support Problems (DSPs) are found to be effective in modelling this uncertainty and making decisions in such situations: In this paper, the combined kinematic and dynamic synthesis of a four bar linkage, a classic example in mechanical engineering that involves both imprecise and stochastic uncertainty, is presented. A fuzzy compromise DSP involving fuzzy membership functions is used to.model imprecise information. Stochastic uncertainty is modelled by a Bayesian compromise DSP using Gaussian distributions. The crisp formulation (ignoring uncertainty) is presented first, followed by the fuzzy and Bayesian formulations. The results of the various models and their validation are also presented. A comparison is made between the information obtained from the crisp, fuzzy and Bayesian formulations by perfo...
Effects of swelling on the viscoelastic properties of polyester films made from glycerol and glutaric acid

Viscoelastic properties have been determined for poly(glycerol-co-glutaric acid) films synthesized from Lewis acid-catalyzed polyesterifications. The polymers were prepared by synthesizing polymer gels that were subsequently cured at 125°C to form polymer films. The polymers were evaluated for the extent of reaction before and after curing by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. They were subsequently immersed in dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, water, methanol, and hexane for 24 h. The amounts of solvent absorbed were monitored and recorded. Dependent up the solvent used, the polymers were able to absorb 9.5–261% of its weight. The effects of the solvent absorption on the viscoelastic properties of the polyester films were evaluated by determining their elastic modulus (G′), viscous modulus (G″), tan δG″/G′, and complex viscosity (η*) by performing oscillatory frequency sweep experiments. The elastic modulus (G′) and viscous modulus (G″) were both higher for the dry polymers than the solvent-absorbed polymers. However, the polymer films were all higher in elastic (G′) character than viscous (G″) character. Therefore, tan δG″/G′ < 1 before and after immersion in solvents. Values for η* decreased with angular frequency for all of the polyesters tested in this study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Negative Urgency and Lack of Perseverance: Identification of Differential Pathways of Onset and Maintenance Risk in the Longitudinal Prediction of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Many researchers have identified impulsivity-related personality traits as correlates of and risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Using a longitudinal design, we tested the hypothesis that one such trait, negative urgency (the tendency to act rashly when distressed), predicts the onset of NSSI during the first year of college and a different trait, lack of perseverance (the disposition to fail to maintain focus on tasks that are difficult or boring), predicts the maintenance of NSSI during the first year of college. In a sample of n=1,158 college women (mean age=18.04, 95% of participants were 18 at Time 1), we found support for these hypotheses. Negative urgency, measured prior to college entry, predicted the onset of NSSI behavior across the first year of college (odds ratio=1.58). Lack of perseverance predicted the maintenance of NSSI status across the first year of college, controlling for prior NSSI behavior (odds ratio=1.73). These findings indicate that different impulsivity-related personality traits may play different roles in the risk process for NSSI.
The Possible Motions of a Satellite about an Oblate Planet

The regions of motions of a satellite for given values of energy and angular momentum about polar axes are shown. Special attention is paid to the circular equatorial orbits which have been shown to be Hill stable. The anomalistic and the nodal period for the motions near to the circular equatorial orbits have been found.
Effect of water content on neodymium-doped fluorozirconate and fluoroaluminate glasses

Fluorozirconate and fluoroaluminate glasses doped with 0, 1.5 and 3.0 mol% NdF3 were made under a variety of processing conditions ranging from dry (less than 5 ppm H2O) and oxygen- free using ultra-pure raw materials to an open laboratory furnace with less pure raw materials. Even under the optimum dryness and purity conditions 20 g batches of fluoroaluminate glass could not be made crystal-free whereas fluorozirconate glass could. However a blue shift in the 4I9/2-4I13/2 fluorescence band was noted for the fluoroaluminate glass compared to the fluorozirconate as had been reported in other publications along with a blue shift in the same band for glasses made under drier conditions. The environment around the neodymium was examined using EXAFS with the Nd LII edge for the glasses and dry and hydrated NdF3. Hydrated NdF3 has then first peak in the EXAFS Fourier transform at shorter distance with a broader FWHM. Fluoroaluminate glasses exhibited the same trends when made in more hydrated conditions. This would be consistent with at least partial coordination of the Nd by OH.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Inhibition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase by palladium

Abstract Evaluation of the potential toxicity of palladium has been meager. The present study demonstrates that palladium ions (Pd2+) strongly inhibit intestinal alkaline phosphatase, with Ki = 0.6 μM. This inhibition is associated with a change in electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme in the anodal direction. The data suggest that Pd2+ may interact with some negatively charged functional groups essential for maintaining the structural integrity and catalytic role of the enzyme. These studies extend the toxic effects of Pd2+ to a well-defined enzyme system in vitro, and raise the possibility of toxicity in vivo.
Impairment of Respiration, Ion Accumulation, and Ion Retention in Root Tissue Treated with Ribonuclease and Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid

Ribonuclease has been reported to impair protein synthesis (1, 2), growth (2), and ion accumulation (15, 24) in plant tissue. Oxidative phosphorylation by plant mitochondria is uncoupled by RNase3 (8); however, this enzyme has not been found to affect root respiration (1, 8). The experiments reported here represent a further study of the effects of RNase on respiration and ion accumulation by root tissue. Respiration and ion retention proved to be impaired by exogenous RNase. In addition, EDTA was found to produce similar responses, presumably by removal of divalent ions which normally protect polyribonucleotides from endogenous RNase.
Studies of Loss Aversion and Perceived Necessity

Abstract An explanation of the loss-aversion function of prospect theory that relates the theory to a distinction between positive-based and negative-based incentive value was investigated. We predicted that betting decisions would show loss aversion to the extent that they involved necessary goals—goals that were more likely to be negatively based (associated with a threat of negative alternatives). Therefore, conditions that increased perceived goal necessity should have increased the magnitude of the loss-aversion effect. The results from 194 subjects in two studies supported this prediction. Factors related to perceived goal necessity (e.g., telic dominance, imagined proportion of financial assets to be gambled, proportion of assets in a necessities account, actual proportion of income spent on necessities) were related to reluctance to take hypothetical bets. Relationships seemed to be contingent on bet characteristics (amount and win-loss ratio). A third study suggested that these results reflected ...
Canine obesity – an overview

Canine patients are generally regarded as being clinically obese when their body weight is at least 15% above ideal. The incidence of obesity in dogs is thought to be in the range of 20–40% of the general population and, since obesity is known to predispose or exacerbate a range of serious medical conditions, its importance cannot be overstated. Management of obesity through dietary restriction and increased exercise is often difficult to achieve and dependent upon owner compliance. Until recently there has been no authorized therapeutic medication available for weight reduction in dogs, and drugs used in people have proved unsuitable. However, with the development of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors for canine use, such as dirlotapide, the veterinarian has a novel method with which to augment traditional weight control programmes. This approach has the additional advantage that weight loss is achieved without dietary restriction or change in exercise regimen, providing encouragement for the owner to comply with subsequent dietary and exercise recommendations, thereby increasing the likelihood for long-term success.
About the Proper Wavelength for Pyrometry on Shock Physics Experiments

Usually one wants to measure the thermal radiance emitted by a hot-surface at a wavelength as short as possible, since the uncertainty in the true temperature due to unknown emissivity decreases with decreasing wavelength. Unfortunately the radiance also decreases with decreasing wavelength, and hence the signal-to-noise ratio becomes worse with shorter wavelengths. Depending on what temperature range is to be covered, a reasonable compromise can be found for most applications. When pyrometry is applied to shock physics experiments, there is an additional factor that has to be taken into consideration. Due to the nature of shock physics experiments, one has to deal with background light caused by flashes from air lighting up, high-explosive light, and muzzle flash from a powder gun, etc. In addition, even if the experiment is designed appropriately, there is often a temperature non-uniformity as well as thermal radiation from transparent anvils that are used to increase the interface pressure. In most cases, there is no engineering approach to minimize these temperature non-uniformities. The sensitivity to these non-uniformities increases with decreasing wavelength for the very same reason that the sensitivity to uncertainties in emissivity is increasing. This paper describes the above problems, deals with the problem of temperature non-uniformity in detail, and presents arguments why single-wavelength pyrometry in shock physics experiments can be very deceiving even in well designed experiments.
Resonance Raman characterization of proteorhodopsin's chromophore environment

Proteorhodopsin (pR) is a bacteriorhodopsin (bR) homologue, recently discovered in oceanic bacterioplankton, which functions as a light-driven proton pump. Resonance Raman spectra of pR excited with 532-nm light indicate that there are two subpopulations of pR within the sample solubilized in octylglucoside detergent and maintained in a light-adapted state in a spinning Raman cell. The subpopulations exhibit two distinct chromophore environments, as evidenced by two sets of split peaks, 1642/1655 cm - 1 (corresponding to the Schiff base υ C = N vibration) and 1244/1252 cm - 1 (corresponding to a retinylidene-lysine N-C-H rock). These populations most likely arise either from different post-translational modifications of the heterologously expressed protein or from a mixture of retinal isomers (all-trans and 13-cis) that was previously reported to be present in light-adapted pR in a 60:40 ratio. However, the latter possibility seems at odds with the resonance Raman fingerprint spectral patterns in both natural-abundance and 15- 2 H-retinal-subsituted pR, which are consistent with an all-trans chromophore configuration similar to that of light-adapted bR.
A model for multiphase (gas-water-oil) stratified flow in horizontal pipelines

A mechanistic model for gas-liquid-liquid systems has been developed. Given the superficial velocities of the constituent phases and their physical properties, and the pipe diameter the corresponding oil and water film thicknesses in three phase stratified flow can be predicted. Experimental data has been obtained for gas velocities up to 7 m/s. The model predictions agree well with the experimental data.
Modeling and analysis of PET studies with norepinephrine transporter ligands: the search for a reference region.

Abstract The development of positron emission tomography (PET) ligands for the norepinephrine transporter (NET) has been slow compared to the development of radiotracers for others systems, such as the dopamine (DAT) or the serotonin transporters (SERT). The main reason for this appears to be the high nonspecific (non-NET) binding exhibited by many of these tracers, which makes the identification of a reference region difficult. With other PET ligands the use of a reference region increases the reproducibility of the outcome measure in test/retest studies. The focus of this work is to identify a suitable reference region or means of normalizing data for the NET ligands investigated. Methods We have analyzed the results of PET studies in the baboon brain with labeled reboxetine derivatives ( S , S )-[ 11 C] O -methyl reboxetine (SS-MRB), ( S , S )-[ 18 F]fluororeboxetine (SS-FRB) as well as O -[ 11 C]nisoxetine and N -[ 11 C]nisoxetine (NIS), and, for comparison, the less active ( R , R ) enantiomers (RR-MRB, RR-FRB) in terms of the distribution volume (DV) using measured arterial input functions. Results (1) For a given subject, a large variation in DV for successive baseline studies was observed in regions with both high and low NET density. (2) The occipital cortex and the basal ganglia were found to be the regions with the smallest change between baseline (SS-MRB) and pretreatment with cocaine, and were therefore used as a composite reference region for calculation of a distribution volume ratio (DVR). (3) The variability [as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV)=standard deviation/mean] in the distribution volume ratio (DVR) of thalamus (to reference region) was considerably reduced over that of the DV using this composite reference region. (4) Pretreatment with nisoxetine (1.0 mg/kg 10 min prior to tracer) in one study produced (in decreasing order) reductions in thalamus, cerebellum, cingulate and frontal cortex consistent with known NET densities. (5) [ 11 C]Nisoxetine had a higher background non-NET binding (DV) than the other tracers reported here with basal ganglia (a non-NET region) higher than thalamus. Conclusions The reboxetine derivatives show a lot of promise as tracers for human PET studies of the norepinephrine system. We have identified a strategy for normalizing DVs to a reference region with the understanding that the DVR for these tracers may not be related to the binding potential in the same way as, for example, for the dopamine tracers, since the non-NET binding may differ between the target and nontarget regions. From our baboon studies the average DVR for thalamus ( n =18) for SS-MRB is 1.8; however, the lower limit is most likely less than 1 due to this difference in non-NET binding.
Wavelength dependence of laser-light absorption by a solid deuterium target

The efficiency of absorption of laser light by a deuterium plasma is an important parameter for the laser/pellet fusion application. A computer calculation model is described and used to calculate intense light absorption over the wavelength range 0.1 ?m ? ? ? 10.6 ?m for two different pulse durations. The calculation includes both collisional absorption and anomalous absorption by means of the parametric ion-acoustic instability. The general result for all of the computer calculations, supported by an analytic model, is that the absorption efficiency increases as the wavelength is decreased.
Pituitary hemorrhagic necrotic syndrome.

n the report titled “Pituitary Apoplexy: Large Surgical Series with Grading System.” Jho et al. present a new classificaI tion, largely influenced by the advent of magnetic resonance imaging, of patients who present with a pituitary hemorrhagicnecrotic syndrome. Specifically, the authors include not only patients with an acute hemorrhage, necrosis, or both in a pituitary tumor causing visual loss and requiring urgent surgical care that is traditionally codified under the banner of a pituitary apoplexy, but also patients who may have an asymptomatic hemorrhage into a nonthreatening Rathke cyst at the lower end of their classification, or conversely, at the higher tier of the proposed grading, patients who may have a significant comorbidity, as, for example, an acute head trauma in conjunction with a marked decrease in the Glasgow Coma Scale and whose imaging shows an incidental hemorrhage into an otherwise-innocuous sellar abnormality. Clearly, such broadened inclusivity of a variety of hemorrhagic pituitary occurrences into the previously crisp and neatly enclosed nosologic entity of a pituitary apoplexy was an invitation to question the appropriateness of such a classification. The debate could have been avoided if the authors had adopted the nomenclature as suggested in the title of this Perspective.