cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tip Clearance on Fan Noise and Aerodynamic Performance

The aerodynamic performance results indicate that the fan adiabatic efficiency was highest with nominal tip clearance (about 91.8% at design speed) and decreased as fan tip clearance increased. Differences in fan efficiency between tip clearance configurations was small below 77.5% fan design speed, about 0.5% maximum, and got larger as fan speed increased, to around 1% maximum at 100% fan design speed. The decreases in efficiency are due to a lower blade loading and higher temperature rise over the outer 20% of the blade span; the mechanism is the tip leakage flow from pressure to suction surface of the fan blade, which increases as the fan tip gap increases. Farfield acoustic results show that changes in the noise level are primarily aft-radiating and are on the order of 1 to 5 dB in fan broadband noise level as measured for the rotor-alone configuration (which had no stators). There were very small changes in noise level with tip clearance for the 54-vane Baseline Outlet Guide Vane configuration. Small changes in noise were also seen for the other two Outlet Guide Vane configurations tested - the 26-vane radial Low Count Outlet Guide Vanes and the 26-vane aft swept Low Noise Outlet Guide Vanes. The rotor alone acoustic results suggest that tip clearance changes induce broadband noise changes at the fan tip, but that the noise differences are masked by the rotor wake/stator interaction noise generated with the Outlet Guide Vanes installed. The magnitude of the rotor/stator interaction tones showed small increases with increasing fan tip gap at fan speeds below transonic, indicating slightly stronger interactions with the larger tip vortex wakes that formed with larger tip gaps. The broadband levels, for the most part, only showed the effect of Outlet Guide Vane geometry on the magnitude of the noise as the tip gap changed. The Laser Doppler Velocimetry flow field results show that the flow downstream of the tip of the blades changes very little with changes in the tip clearance when operating at the approach condition. At both the cut-back and take-off speeds, significant changes in the tip flow occur with changes in the tip clearance. Since these changes in the tip flow are not *
Abstract 3368: Efficient delivery of prostate cancer gene therapy via adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cellsin vivo

It is critical to develop new therapeutic approaches for prostate cancer, since there is no effective treatment for patients in the advanced stages of this disease. And although many gene therapy approaches have been evaluated to date, clinical responses unfortunately remain poor. We have examined the potential of developing more effective cell-based gene therapies for preventing prostate cancer progression, using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) as vehicles. The present study reports promising preliminary observations using this novel gene therapy modality. ASCs can be isolated using simpler methods as compared to those involving bone marrow mesenchymal cells, and are much more easily expanded at early passage numbers to therapeutic quantities. And since current techniques allow isolation of ASCs from an individual9s own adipose tissue, this could help prevent immune reaction, suggesting that ASCs could be far more efficient as a gene delivery vehicle than viral vectors currently in clinical trials. In this study we have examined the potential of new antiangiogenesis and proapoptotic therapies delivered by ASCs and evaluated their ability to reduce prostate tumor growth rate in vitro and in vivo. We expressed in ASCs several secreted antitumor gene therapies (PEDF, Mda7, or IFNb), and all were found to be highly effective in almost complete prevention of tumor progression in vivo using prostate cancer xenograft models. Overall, ASC-delivered PEDF prevented HUVEC tube formation in vitro and induced strong apoptosis of cocultured cancer cells, suggesting a potential bystander effect that might be useful for therapeutic applications. Similar antitumor findings were observed when Mda7 or IFNb were delivered by ASCs, with induction of strong cell cycle arrest, and viability reduction by an increase in the apoptosis of cocultured tumor cells as assessed by Caspase 3/7 detection. The transgene expression was overall non-toxic and did not appear to interfere with the normal differentiation potential of ASCs (osteogenesis or adipogenesis). Therefore, this novel cellular delivery method for gene therapy appears to be effective and highly promising for translational applications. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3368. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3368
Effects of in vitro purging with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide on the hematopoietic and microenvironmental elements of human bone marrow

We describe the effects of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) on the hematopoietic and stromal elements of human bone marrow. Marrow cells were exposed to 4-HC and then assayed for mixed (CFU-Mix), erythroid (BFU-E), granulomonocytic (CFU-GM), and marrow fibroblast (CFU-F) colony-forming cells and studied in the long-term marrow culture (LTMC) system. The inhibition of colony formation by 4-HC was dose and cell- concentration dependent. The cell most sensitive to 4-HC was CFU-Mix (ID50 31 mumol/L) followed by BFU-E (ID50 41 mumol/L), CFU-GM (ID50 89 mumol/L), and CFU-F (ID50 235 mumol/L). In LTMC, a dose-related inhibition of CFU-GM production was noted. Marrows treated with 300 mumol/L 4-HC were completely depleted of CFU-GM but were able to generate these progenitors in LTMC. Marrow stromal progenitors giving rise to stromal layers in LTMC, although less sensitive to 4-HC cytotoxicity, were damaged by 4-HC also in a dose-related manner. Marrows treated with 4-HC up to 300 mumol/L, gave rise to stromal layers composed of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and macrophages. Cocultivation experiments with freshly isolated autologous hematopoietic cells showed that stromal layers derived from 4-HC- treated marrows were capable of sustaining the long-term production of CFU-GM as well as controls. In conclusion: (1) Hematopoietic progenitors cells, CFU-Mix, BFU-E, and CFU-GM, are highly sensitive to 4-HC, whereas marrow stromal progenitor cells are relatively resistant. (2) Marrows treated with 300 mumol/L 4-HC that are depleted of CFU-Mix, BFU-E, and CFU-GM can generate CFU-GM in LTMC, suggesting that most primitive hematopoietic stem cells (not represented by CFU-Mix) are spared by 4-HC up to this dose. (3) Consequently, the above colony assays are not suitable tools for predicting pluripotent stem cell survival after 4-HC treatment in vitro.
Partial Purification of the Opioid Receptor from Human Placenta

The human placental villus tissue contains membrane bound etorphine binding sites (Valette et al., 1980). These sites were shown to have binding properties similar to those of the Kappa opioid receptor subtypes. We solubilized these receptors using the detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (CHAPS) (Ahmed et al., 1981). The binding activity was of a truly soluble proteindetergent macromolecular complex migrating on a Sepharose CL-6B column between two soluble proteins. The apparent Stokes radius of the complex was 70 A (Ahmed, 1983). The solubilized receptors were shown to be all or in part a protein with an (SH) group at or close to the binding site. This group was found to be necessary for binding activity (Ahmed, 1983).
Synthesis of Diverse LiNixMnyCozO2 Cathode Materials from Lithium Ion Battery Recovery Stream

Currently, a large amount of spent lithium ion batteries is being landfilled in many countries every year; in order to recover and reuse critical materials, a low-cost and a high-efficiency lithium ion battery recovery process was developed at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. This process recovers valuable metal elements such as Ni, Mn, Co in the form of LiNixMnyCozO2 cathode materials, where x, y, and z can be tailored. Other elements such as Cu and steel are also recovered. In this work, it was confirmed that high performance Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3(OH)2, Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2(OH)2, Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2(OH)2 precursors and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2, LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2, LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathode materials can be synthesized from the leaching solutions of a lithium ion battery recovery stream. The precursors and cathodes were synthesized from a co-precipitation process and a solid-state sintering process, respectively. Electrochemical tests results demonstrated that all cathode materials synthesized from spent lithium ion battery recovery streams performed at a discharge capacity higher than 155 mAh/g at first cycle of 0.1C, and after 100 cycles at 0.5C, with over 80 % of the capacity retained.
Introspection through Cognition

In the previous chapter, I explained an immediate kind of introspective knowledge that occurs through the intrinsic phenomenal quality of a conscious experience itself. However, many introspective states are mediated through various higher-level cognitive processes. The typical image of introspection involves an inward-focused, soul-searching person who ruminates, analyzes, and reflects upon her own mental life. This takes us beyond the immediate knowledge of a conscious phenomenal state toward more complicated reflective states that engage the extensive cognitive capacities of the human mind. In this chapter, I lay out a framework for understanding this more robust sense of introspection by drawing upon the fundamental processes involved in human cognition. The central idea is that we engage in higher-level introspection by utilizing the mind’s cognitive capacities to represent and think about our own minds. There is no need to posit any special cognitive processes or faculties that are specifically dedicated to introspection. The cognitive processes that we already know about (at least to some extent) can be utilized to understand what goes on when we introspect in a reflective manner.
Training Anchoring and Representativeness Bias Mitigation Through a Digital Game

Objective. Humans systematically make poor decisions because of cognitive biases. Can digital games train people to avoid cognitive biases? The goal of this study is to investigate the affordance of different educational media in training people about cognitive biases and to mitigate cognitive biases within their decision-making processes. Method. A between-subject experiment was conducted to compare a digital game, a traditional slideshow, and a combined condition in mitigating two types of cognitive biases: anchoring bias and representativeness bias. We measured both immediate effects and delayed effects after four weeks. Results. The digital game and slideshow conditions were effective in mitigating cognitive biases immediately after the training, but the effects decayed after four weeks. By providing the basic knowledge through the slideshow, then allowing learners to practice bias-mitigation techniques in the digital game, the combined condition was most effective at mitigating the cognitive biases both immediately and after four weeks.
Origami and kirigami inspired self-folding for programming three-dimensional shape shifting of polymer sheets with light

Abstract Origami and kirigami guided programmable shape shifting is explored via self-folding and spontaneous buckling of a thin sheet of shape memory polymer with light. By patterning the sheet with printed black ink lines as actuating hinges, we show that the folding angle can be well controlled by tuning the ink line width, which is predicted by both a simplified localized bilayer folding model and corresponding finite element method (FEM) simulation. Inspired by the approach of paper origami and kirigami combining folding and cutting, we then explored the design of prescribed patterned creases (i.e. ink lines) and/or cuts in the polymer thin sheet for programming a library of light-responsive three-dimensional (3-D) surfaces in a controlled fashion. Through the design of prescribed straight and curved crease patterns in origami, we demonstrated the generation of light-driven self-folding cylinders, helices, and pyramids with zero Gaussian curvature, as well as spontaneous formation of saddles with negative Gaussian curvature through localized curved folding induced global buckling. The quantitative underlying mechanism governing the geometry of the different self-folded 3-D structures is revealed through simple geometrical modeling and FEM simulations. Lastly, through kirigami combining both folding and cutting in the form of line cuts or cut-outs, we demonstrated the spontaneous formation of light-responsive, more complex pop-up kirigami structures.
Regulatory aspects of genome-edited crops

Genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a highly efficient means of generating useful traits in crops. The application of GEEN for multiple traits and crops is resulting in products that are already entering the marketplace. Genome editing represents diverse and robust techniques targeting highly specific genome locations to cause double-strand breaks and subsequent repair by homologous and non-homologous mechanisms. Genome edits range from simple random insertions or deletions to template additions to stacking of multiple transgenes at a specific locus. Consequently, it is not easy to generalize the regulatory view of genome editing for crop improvement since a case-specific consideration is necessary which, in many regulatory regimes, encompasses the process used and the genome edit achieved in addition to the phenotype derived. Key process considerations for regulators of a GEEN-derived product are the nature of the edit, specificity, the source of the editing machinery, and post-editing trait segregation. These considerations along with the nature of the derived trait and performance of the crop phenotype inform the safety and benefit of a given GEEN product. The view of regulators toward a particular genome-edited crop is driven by the degree that regulatory statutes are product-versus process-focused and will be shaped by emerging scientific and public views of genome-editing technology. In order that the public will not confuse genome-edited crops with genetically modified organisms (GMOs), scientists and regulators alike need to carefully frame and communicate GEEN techniques in terms of the specific process used and the benefits derived through development of useful crop traits.
Fault Location Using Sparse IED Recordings

Basic goal of power system is to continuously provide electrical energy to users. Like with any other system, failures in power system can occur. In those situations it is critical that remedial actions are applied as soon as possible. To apply correct remedial actions it is very important that accurate fault condition and location are detected. In this paper, different fault location algorithms followed with description of intelligent techniques used for implementation of corresponding algorithms are presented. New approach for fault location using sparse measurements is examined. According to available data, it decides between different algorithms and selects an optimal one. New approach is developed by utilizing different data structures in order to efficiently implement algorithm decision engine, which is presented in paper.
Computer-Mediated Communication Impersonal, Interpersonal, and Hyperpersonal Interaction

While computer-mediated communication use and research are proliferating rapidly, findings offer contrasting images regarding the interpersonal character of this technology. Research trends over the history of these media are reviewed with observations across trends suggested so as to provide integrative principles with which to apply media to different circumstances. First, the notion that the media reduce personal influences—their impersonal effects—is reviewed. Newer theories and research are noted explaining normative “interpersonal” uses of the media. From this vantage point, recognizing that impersonal communication is sometimes advantageous, strategies for the intentional depersonalization of media use are inferred, with implications for Group Decision Support Systems effects. Additionally, recognizing that media sometimes facilitate communication that surpasses normal interpersonal levels, a new perspective on “hyperpersonal” communication is introduced. Subprocesses are discussed pertaining to re...
Glomerulonephritis Associated with Other Bacterial Infections

In the modern era, almost half the cases of the infection-associated glomerulonephritis in developed countries are caused by Streptococci and Staphylococci. The remainder is related to a wide variety of other bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. While the underlying infection maybe obvious in many instances, several elderly patients, especially those with comorbid conditions, lack systemic manifestations and pose a diagnostic challenge. The renal biopsy findings of postinfectious glomerulonephritis prompt a search for infectious organism in these patients. As with streptococcal and staphylococcal infections, host immune responses triggered by these other bacteria result in immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. A broad spectrum of glomerular morphology has been described, depending upon the severity and duration of disease. Typical changes of postinfectious glomerulonephritis are C3 deposits ± immunoglobulin deposits, but other less common diagnoses that need to be entertained in the background of infection include C3 glomerulopathy and ANCA-mediated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. The mainstay of therapy in these patients is clearance of infection. There may be a role for immunosuppressive therapy in severe crescentic glomerulonephritis or if pauci-immune glomerulonephritis is a consideration.
The Impact of Operative Approach on Postoperative Complications Following Colectomy for Colon Caner

Colectomy is one of the most common major abdominal procedures performed in the USA. A better understanding of risk factors and the effect of operative approach on adverse postoperative outcomes may significantly improve quality of care. Adult patients with a primary diagnosis of colon cancer undergoing colectomy were selected from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2013–2015 targeted colectomy database. Patients were stratified into five groups based on specific operative approach. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare the five groups and identify risk factors for 30-day anastomotic leak, readmission, and mortality. In total, 25,097 patients were included in the study, with a 3.32% anastomotic leak rate, 1.20% mortality rate, and 9.57% readmission rate. After adjusting for other factors, open surgery and conversion to open significantly increased the odds for leak, mortality, and readmission compared to laparoscopy. Additionally, smoking and chemotherapy increased the risk for leak and readmission, while total resection was associated with increased mortality and leak. Operative approach and several other potentially modifiable perioperative factors have a significant impact on risk for adverse postoperative outcomes following colectomy. To improve quality of care for these patients, efforts should be made to identify and minimize the influence of such risk factors.
Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Treatment

Botulinum toxin has many applications for improving facial appearance by altering muscle action. This can include reducing dynamic rhytids (i.e., wrinkling of the skin from underlying muscle contraction) and balancing the facial esthetic units. There are currently multiple commercially available botulinum compounds available, all of which have the same essential mechanism of action, but slightly altered chemical compositions. It should be noted that each of these compounds has specific FDA approval for specific injection sites; however, these products are regularly used “off label” to treat other areas.
Quantifying the quantum

Stephan Schlamminger looks at the origins of the Planck constant and its current role in redefining the kilogram.
Challenges to code status discussions for pediatric patients.

Objectives In the context of serious or life-limiting illness, pediatric patients and their families are faced with difficult decisions surrounding appropriate resuscitation efforts in the event of a cardiopulmonary arrest. Code status orders are one way to inform end-of-life medical decision making. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the extent to which pediatric providers have knowledge of code status options and explore the association of provider role with (1) knowledge of code status options, (2) perception of timing of code status discussions, (3) perception of family receptivity to code status discussions, and (4) comfort carrying out code status discussions. Design Nurses, trainees (residents and fellows), and attending physicians from pediatric units where code status discussions typically occur completed a short survey questionnaire regarding their knowledge of code status options and perceptions surrounding code status discussions. Setting Single center, quaternary care children’s hospital. Measurements and main results 203 nurses, 31 trainees, and 29 attending physicians in 4 high-acuity pediatric units responded to the survey (N = 263, 90% response rate). Based on an objective knowledge measure, providers demonstrate poor understanding of available code status options, with only 22% of providers able to enumerate more than two of four available code status options. In contrast, provider groups self-report high levels of familiarity with available code status options, with attending physicians reporting significantly higher levels than nurses and trainees (p = 0.0125). Nurses and attending physicians show significantly different perception of code status discussion timing, with majority of nurses (63.4%) perceiving discussions as occurring “too late” or “much too late” and majority of attending physicians (55.6%) perceiving the timing as “about right” (p<0.0001). Attending physicians report significantly higher comfort having code status discussions with families than do nurses or trainees (p≤0.0001). Attending physicians and trainees perceive families as more receptive to code status discussions than nurses (p<0.0001 and p = 0.0018, respectively). Conclusions Providers have poor understanding of code status options and differ significantly in their comfort having code status discussions and their perceptions of these discussions. These findings may reflect inherent differences among providers, but may also reflect discordant visions of appropriate care and function as a potential source of moral distress. Lack of knowledge of code status options and differences in provider perceptions are likely barriers to quality communication surrounding end-of-life options.
High-Speed Channel Modeling With Machine Learning Methods for Signal Integrity Analysis

In this work, machine learning methods are applied to high-speed channel modeling for signal integrity analysis. Linear, support vector, and deep neural network (DNN) regressions are adopted to predict the eye-diagram metrics, taking advantage of the massive amounts of simulation data gathered from prior designs. The regression models, once successfully trained, can be used to predict the performance of high-speed channels based on various design parameters. The proposed learning-based approach saves complex circuit simulations and substantial domain knowledge altogether, in contrast to alternatives that exploit novel numerical techniques or advanced hardware to speed up traditional simulations for signal integrity analysis. Our numerical examples suggest that both support vector and DNN regressions are able to capture the nonlinearities imposed by transmitter and receiver models in high-speed channels. Overall, DNN regression is superior to support vector regression in predicting the eye-diagram metrics. Moreover, we also investigate the impact of various tunable parameters, optimization methods, and data preprocessing on both the learning speed and the prediction accuracy for the support vector and DNN regressions.
Introduction to Topology. By T. W. Gamelin and R. E. Greene: Basic Topology. By M.A. Armstrong

(1986). Introduction to Topology. By T. W. Gamelin and R. E. Greene: Basic Topology. By M.A. Armstrong. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 93, No. 7, pp. 580-582.
Identity Negotiations of Colombian International Students

ABSTRACTResearch has pointed to challenges and positive aspects of the international student experience, but it has been mainly outcome-oriented and has not addressed the ongoing identity negotiations of these students as they navigate a new cultural setting. The aim of this study was to illustrate the application of a sociocultural/dialogical framework to the analysis of identity processing by international students. Based on interviews with 14 Colombian university students in the United States, the analysis identified meanings (positionings) relative to the experience, tensions between meanings and, for some students, abstractions that served to resolve the tensions. We suggest that this dialogical framework promotes needed attention to the dynamic, ongoing nature of identity meaning creation.
Management of Metastatic Carcinoid Tumors

For patients with localized carcinoid tumors, surgical resection alone is often curative. Patients with metastatic disease, on the other hand, often present a therapeutic challenge. While somatostatin analogs are highly effective in controlling symptoms of hormonal secretion, they are only rarely associated with tumor regression. Selected patients with hepatic metastases may benefit from surgical ­debulking, embolization, or other ablative therapies. The clinical benefit associated with the administration of systemic agents such as alpha interferon or cytotoxic chemotherapy is less clear, and the widespread use of such regimens has been ­limited by their relatively modest anti-tumor activity as well as concerns regarding their potential toxicity. New treatment approaches for patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors are being actively explored.
Neuropeptides as positive or negative neuronal growth regulatory factors: Effects of ACTH and Leu-enkephalin on cultured serotonergic neurons

In general, neuronal growth regulatory factors can be divided into three categories with respect to their effects in vitro. The first category consists of the survival factors, which increase the number of neurons surviving after a certain time in vitro (as typified by NGF). The second category is composed of the neurite promoting factors which increase the proportion of neurons growing neurites (such as laminin, fibronectin, collagen and polycations). The third category includes developmental growth factors (also called instructing or specifying factors) which influence the type of growth (cell shape, transmitter content, neurotransmitter release, etc.) for specific neuronal cell types. Evidence would suggest that neurotransmitters, including neuropeptides, can be placed within any of these categories, being either positive or negative factors on neuronal growth.
Review of Jennifer Selby, Questioning French Secularism: Gender Politics and Islam in a Parisian Suburb

Jennifer Selby’s ethnography of North African Muslim migrants living in the Petit Nanterre banlieue (disenfranchised suburb) outside of Paris is an ethnographically rich contribution to the growing body of anthropological literature about Muslims and migrants in France. The heart of Selby’s argument is that the French state and dominant voices among French secular feminists have entrenched a narrative in which laicite (the particular French version of what many in Anglophone contexts call secularism), democracy, and modernity are defined by gender equality, understood as inimical to Islam. Further, this narrow French focus on Muslim women’s supposedly subordinate status as both an impediment to laicite and as something laicite can resolve, effectively displaces conversations about the issues France’s Muslim migrant women are concerned about. Among Selby’s research participants, these issues include halaal food in schools, residence papers and other issues of migrant legality, and a lack of socioeconomic opportunities; Petit Nanterre has an unemployment rate of nearly 60 %. Questioning French Secularism is structured somewhat chronologically, starting with an introduction that lays out Selby’s fieldwork methodologies and settings, followed by two historical chapters. The first of these traces the historical development of the Petit Nanterre banlieue through guest worker migration, the creation of migrant shantytowns, and the emergence of the modern public housing cite. Chapter Three provides a brief but critical genealogy of secularism in general and French laicite in particular, showing how Islam, and Muslim women’s practices especially, have become increasingly politicized in recent years. Chapter Four examines encounters between those holding opposing ideas about femininity, Islam, and the public sphere, with an emphasis on local surveillance and gossip as forms of enforcing Cont Islam (2014) 8:177–180 DOI 10.1007/s11562-012-0233-8
Squamous Carcinoma and Dysplasia of the Conjunctiva and Cornea: An Analysis of 101 Cases

Objective To evaluate clinical and histopathologic factors of squamous conjunctival neoplasia associated with recurrence. Design Retrospective, clinical case series. Participants One hundred one eyes of 99 patients with squamous conjunctival dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Review of the medical records, pathology reports, and color photographs. Main Outcome Measures Demographic information, laterality, tumor size, extension, pathologic diagnosis, seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Classification (AJCC) staging system stage, treatment methods, recurrence, and duration of follow-up. Results Malignant squamous conjunctival neoplasia was seen most commonly in males at a median age of 71 years. Recurrences were seen in 12.9% (n = 13/101), with 92.3% occurring 6 to 12 months after primary treatment. Recurrence was not correlated significantly to age, gender, laterality, clinical appearance or focality of the tumor at presentation. However, tumors larger than 5 mm in diameter, tumors extending more than 2 mm onto the cornea, and tumors with local invasion (corneal, scleral, intraocular or orbital invasion) were associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Increasing AJCC T-stage was correlated strongly to the incidence of recurrence ( P = 0.0006). Rates were 1.7% for Tis-staged tumors, 0% for T1- and T2-staged tumors, 34.3% for T3-staged tumors, and 50% for T4-staged tumors. Histopathologic diagnosis was correlated to recurrence ( P = 0.037). None of the tumors defined histologically as dysplasia showed recurrence, whereas 12.8% of carcinoma in situ tumors and 22.2% of squamous cell carcinoma tumors recurred. Although the overall recurrence rate was 12.9%, the rate for tumors treated primarily at the authors' center was 4%, significantly less than the recurrence rate in previously operated tumors ( P = 0.0003). Lymph nodes demonstrated positive results in 1%, and in no patient did distant metastasis develop. Conclusions Advanced AJCC T-stage, locally invasive tumors, and more pathologically aggressive tumors were at higher risk for recurrence. Inadequate initial therapy also was an important risk factor for recurrence. Treatment strategies should be affected by tumor staging at presentation. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Identifying Factors Affecting SNS Users as a Temporary or Persistent User: An Empirical Study

Since the emergence of the first Social Networking Site (SNS) as a new means of communicating with other people, much research has attempted to identify empirically and theoretically the characteristics, history, and impact on human relationships of both SNSs and their users. This study identifies SNS users as either persistent or temporary, based on their intention to continue using SNSs. To test these hypotheses, this study has amended the Expectation Confirmation Model of IS continuance (ECM-IS) by incorporating Perceived Characteristics of Innovation (PCI) from Diffusion of Innovation (DOI). A total of 158 participants were recruited for this study using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study concludes that SNS user confirmation, PCI, and satisfaction are significant parameters of SNS users’ intention to continue using SNSs. Research limitations and future research are also discussed.
The Unfolded Protein Response and Therapeutic Opportunities

Tumor cells employ multiple elaborate, evolutionarily conserved mechanisms that enable them to respond to stress conditions in the tumor microenvironment, including hypoxia. Although the most studied cellular signaling pathway induced by hypoxia is mediated by the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), several HIF-independent mechanisms have been implicated in hypoxic adaptation, especially in the regulation of macromolecular synthesis. One such mechanism, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), encompasses a trio of cellular signaling cascades. The UPR is activated by the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies using genetic and pharmacological modifications of UPR signaling components have demonstrated an important role for the UPR in determining tumor cell survival following transient and chronic hypoxia. This review summarizes the important aspects of UPR signaling and the role of the UPR in determining tumor cell survival or death under hypoxic stress. We also discuss novel pharmacological approaches for targeting critical UPR components as potential anti-tumor strategies.
Can a reverse shoulder arthroplasty be used to revise a failed primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty?: Revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty for failed reverse prosthesis.

Aims Patients with a failed reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) have limited salvage options. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of revision RSA when used as a salvage procedure for...
Patient experience with family history tool: analysis of patients' experience sharing their family health history through patient-computer dialogue in a patient portal.

Objective The collection and use of a family health history are important for assessing the patient's risk of disease, but history taking is often impeded by practical barriers in the office. Provision for patient-computer dialogue, linked with the electronic health record, may enable patients to contribute their history while bypassing these barriers. We sought to assess the patient experience using such a tool. Materials and methods We linked the family history module of a computer-based medical history to the patient portal of a large academic health system. The interview consisted of 39 primary questions with a predetermined high test-retest reliability. Patients' results were structured and summarized, and available within their electronic health record. Patients optionally completed a survey about their experience. We inductively analyzed free-text responses collected between 2014 and 2016. Results Among 97 781 patient portal users, 9562 patients accessed and 4223 patients completed the family medical history interview. Of these patients, 1451 completed our survey. Main themes that were identified included (1) patient empowerment, (2) anticipated value, (3) validity concerns, (4) privacy concerns, and (5) reflections on patient-computer dialogue. Patients also provided suggestions for the improvement of future family history tools. Discussion Patients providing their family health information is an example of collaborative electronic work with clinicians and was seen as valuable by those who participated. Concerns related to contextual information and uncertainty need to be addressed. Conclusions Patient-computer dialogue to collect family medical history empowered patients and added perceived value and efficiency to the patient experience of care.
Idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy

Abstract Idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy is a puzzling condition characterized by cardiac enlargement and progressive decompensation occurring in previously healthy individuals. The sole pathologic finding is left ventricular hypertrophy with or without varying degrees of mural fibrosis. Valvular lesions are absent. The coronary arteries are widely patent and atheromata are either absent or insignificant. Using strict criteria of selection, eight cases are reported and 72 cases are reviewed from the world literature. This disease is shown to affect mainly young adults. In most instances the course of the disorder is unusually rapid. Embolism is frequent and related to the common necropsy finding of mural and endocardial thrombi. No clinical or laboratory finding is of specific aid in diagnosis. Close simulation of specific lesions occasionally leads to mistaken diagnoses such as arteriosclerotic heart disease, mitral stenosis, etc. The etiology of idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy remains obscure. It may represent one or more processes undetected by present technics. Various studies are cited which would invalidate the hypotheses of pre-existing hypertension, myocarditis or dietary deficiency as causative factors. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of congestive heart failure of unexplained origin.
Augmented reality in health and medicine: A review of augmented reality application for health professionals, procedures, and behavioral interventions

Abstract As augmented reality (AR) technologies have become increasingly accessible, there are a range of industries that are interested in adopting and implementing AR. One field in particular that is actively interested in AR is for health and medicine. While there have been several studies about AR and health, the ways in which these studies conceptualize AR and the contexts in which they apply AR vary greatly. This chapter reviews the different areas of literature that have utilized AR, to see where there are commonalities and differences. Furthermore, this chapter illuminates how AR in particular could influence health outcomes based on its unique technical features and affordances. Based on this review, this chapter discusses several promising areas for AR and health and medicine, as well as important gaps and directions for future research.
Resuscitating the Globally Ischemic Brain: TTM and Beyond

Cardiac arrest (CA) afflicts ~ 550,000 people each year in the USA. A small fraction of CA sufferers survive with a majority of these survivors emerging in a comatose state. Many CA survivors suffer devastating global brain injury with some remaining indefinitely in a comatose state. The pathogenesis of global brain injury secondary to CA is complex. Mechanisms of CA-induced brain injury include ischemia, hypoxia, cytotoxicity, inflammation, and ultimately, irreversible neuronal damage. Due to this complexity, it is critical for clinicians to have access as early as possible to quantitative metrics for diagnosing injury severity, accurately predicting outcome, and informing patient care. Current recommendations involve using multiple modalities including clinical exam, electrophysiology, brain imaging, and molecular biomarkers. This multi-faceted approach is designed to improve prognostication to avoid “self-fulfilling” prophecy and early withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. Incorporation of emerging dynamic monitoring tools such as diffuse optical technologies may provide improved diagnosis and early prognostication to better inform treatment. Currently, targeted temperature management (TTM) is the leading treatment, with the number of patients needed to treat being ~ 6 in order to improve outcome for one patient. Future avenues of treatment, which may potentially be combined with TTM, include pharmacotherapy, perfusion/oxygenation targets, and pre/postconditioning. In this review, we provide a bench to bedside approach to delineate the pathophysiology, prognostication methods, current targeted therapies, and future directions of research surrounding hypoxic–ischemic brain injury (HIBI) secondary to CA.
A Non-contact Method for Extracting Heart and Respiration Rates

Physiological signals provide a reliable method to identify the physical and mental state of a person at any given point in time. Accordingly, there is a myriad of techniques used to extract physiological signals from the human body. However, these techniques often require direct contact with the body. This demands the cooperation of the individual as well as the human effort required to connect devices and collect measurements.In this paper, we propose reliable, non-contact based methods for extracting respiration rate and heart rate from thermal images using a large dataset of human thermal recordings. These methods leverage a combination of image and signal processing techniques in order to extract and filter physiological signals from the thermal domain. Our results evidently show that features extracted from thermal images highly correlate with the ground truth measurements as well as indicate the feasibility of developing non-contact based methods to extract physiological signals.
Role of epigenetics and miRNAs in orofacial clefts

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) have multiple etiologies and likely result from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Within the last decade, studies have implicated specific epigenetic modifications and noncoding RNAs as additional facets of OFC etiology. Altered gene expression through DNA methylation and histone modification offer novel insights into how specific genes contribute to distinct OFC subtypes. Epigenetics research has also provided further evidence that cleft lip only (CLO) is a cleft subtype with distinct etiology. Polymorphisms or misexpression of genes encoding microRNAs, as well as their targets, contribute to OFC risk. The ability to experimentally manipulate epigenetic changes and noncoding RNAs in animal models, such as zebrafish, Xenopus, mice, and rats, has offered novel insights into the mechanisms of various OFC subtypes. Although much remains to be understood, recent advancements in our understanding of OFC etiology may advise future strategies of research and preventive care.
Biological Mechanisms of Psychosomatic Symptoms

The limbic system, the emotional center of the brain, is formed by a large arc of the medial brain connected to the hypothalamus, the neuroendocrine center of the brain located at the top of the brainstem. Nerve impulses arriving at the hypothalamus trigger the release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla and corticosteroids from the adrenal cortex. These hormones produce a variety of bodily symptoms and contribute to the changes in brain chemistry and connectivity associated with chronic stress. Neuroplasticity in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus of the limbic system, is critical for learning and storage of new information and chronic stress alters neuroplasticity by decreasing nerve growth factors and activating the immune system. Central sensitization is a type of neuroplasticity whereby repetitive incoming sensory signals are magnified by increased excitatory transmission and/or decreased inhibitory transmission. Another component of the limbic system, the amygdala is important for fear conditioning. Stress-related incoming signals to the amygdala can lead to hypersensitization of a subgroup of excitatory neurons that are normally kept in check by inhibitory feedback from neurons in the prefrontal cortex, a part of the cortex critical for planning and problem solving. An imbalance between excitation and inhibition in these neurons in the amygdala can lead to a state of chronic fear and anxiety. Human behavior, including sick behavior, is a learned response dependent on neuroplasticity and is subject to reward and punishment reinforcement just like other forms of learning.
Pediatric Venous Thromboembolism: Different Rates of Incidence, Anatomic Locations, and Risk Factors between Orthopaedic and Non-Orthopaedic Related Patients

Background/Purpose: The prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) may be increasing in children; however, scarce literature exists comparing incidence rates between pediatric orthopaedic patients and other pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence, anatomic locations, and risk factors of VTEs between orthopaedic and non-orthopaedic related pediatric patients. Methods: Computed tomography and ultrasound data were reviewed for children (<19 years old) with a diagnosed …
Psychometric properties of the contextual body image questionnaire for athletes: a replication and extension study in female collegiate athletes.

Although the link between body dissatisfaction and eating disorder (ED) pathology is well-established in general female samples, less is known about contextual body image (CBI) among female athletes. CBI refers to female athletes’ body image concerns in two contexts: sport and daily life. The Contextual Body Image Questionnaire for Athletes (CBIQA) measures four dimensions of body image (Appearance, Thin-Fat Self-Evaluation, Thin-Fat Others’ Evaluation, and Muscularity) in both contexts. In a sample of female collegiate athletes, this study sought to A) investigate the psychometric properties of the CBIQA, B) examine the cross-sectional relation of CBI with ED pathology and negative affect, and C) assess the degree to which CBI prospectively predicts ED pathology and negative affect. Using self-report data collected from a multi-site parent trial, we examined the psychometric properties of the CBIQA by confirmatory factor analysis. We assessed construct and criterion validity via cross-sectional bivariate correlation analyses with thin-ideal internalization, negative affect, and ED pathology. Using data from Time 1 and 6 months later (Time 2), we investigated the degree to which CBI prospectively predicted ED pathology and negative affect. Results from the CFA largely confirmed de Bruin et al.’s (2011) original factor analysis. Two CBIQA dimensions (Thin-Fat Self and Appearance) in both contexts correlated with ED pathology and negative affect. Thin-Fat Others also correlated with ED pathology in both contexts and negative affect in the sport context. The Muscularity dimension was predominantly orthogonal with other measures. CBIQA dimensions were uncorrelated with thin-ideal internalization. When controlling for BMI and Time 1 scores, daily life and sport appearance concerns predicted ED pathology, whereas perceived evaluation of thin-fat by others in the sport context predicted negative affect 6 months later. Results support the psychometric validity of the CBIQA and suggest that it captures variance discrete from thin-ideal internalization. The Muscularity dimension largely was not related to other outcomes. Further, specific elements of perceived self- and other-evaluation in both contexts is relevant to risk for ED pathology and negative affect. Future research could examine the impact of dual body image between sports seasons and after transitioning out of sport. NCT01735994 .