cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Hsp90 function delays and impairs recovery from heat shock

The induction of the heat shock response as well as its termination is autoregulated by heat shock protein activities. In this study we have investigated whether Hsp90 functional protein levels influence the characteristics and duration of the heat shock response. Treatment of cells with several benzoquinone ansamycin inhibitors of Hsp90 (geldanamycin, herbimycin A) activated a heat shock response in the absence of heat shock, as reported previously. Pretreatment of cells with the Hsp90 inhibitors significantly delayed the rate of restoration of normal protein synthesis following a brief heat shock. Concurrently, the rate of Hsp synthesis and accumulation was substantially increased and prolonged. The cessation of heat shock protein synthesis did not occur until the levels of Hsp70 were substantially elevated relative to its standard threshold for autoregulation. The elevated levels of HSPS 22-28 (the small HSPS) and Hsp70 are not able to promote thermotolerance when Hsp90 activity is repressed by ansamycins; rather a suppression of thermotolerance is observed. These results suggest that a multicomponent protein chaperone complex involving both Hsp90 and Hsp70 signals the cessation of heat shock protein synthesis, the restoration of normal translation, and likely the establishment of thermotolerance. Impaired function of either component is sufficient to alter the heat shock response.
The conceptual basis for morpheme learning problems in children with specific language impairment.

Two groups of children were exposed to instances of a nonlinguistic conceptual rule under controlled instructional conditions to determine whether the problems children with specific language impai...
Malignant hyperthermia in dental patients

This severe syndrome is discussed in regard to its overall features, specific criteria for identifying potential problems in a patient, diagnostic features, and procedures should the syndrome develop. Prophylaxis and treatment of this life-threatening syndrome can be effective, but susceptible patients are not easily identified.
Assessing probability and possibility of catastrophic failure in managed systems using sparse fuzzy data

Comparing risks of rare, high consequence events poses serious challenges to social decision making as well as deep methodological and epistemological problems. It is necessary to assess the merits of countermeasures that are only useful in extremely unlikely circumstances. The value of a conventional conditional probability P(A|B)=P(A∩B)/P(B) becomes too uncertain to be useful when P(B) is not well measurably different from zero. Possibility theory offers a solution to this dilemma. This paper presents a mathematical model of possibilistic uncertainty in the context of "adventitious" events for which the uncertainty surrounding the best estimate of the rate of occurrence is larger than that best estimate itself.
Comparing Sources of Drug Data about the Elderly

Objective: This project assessed the extent of agreement between drug-taking data obtained from an in-home assessment and that obtained from an automated outpatient pharmacy system and from a mail questionnaire. Design: The underlying assumption is that an in-home assessment provides the most complete information (criterion standard) about the prescription medications being taken. The drug data from the mail questionnaire and automated outpatient pharmacies were compared with that from the in-home assessment by use of t tests and measures of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. Setting: Kaiser Permanente, Northwest Region, a prepaid group practice HMO. Participants: All elderly HMO members enrolled in the Social HMO demonstration project who had a comprehensive assessment within 30 days of returning a mail questionnaire between March 1986 and March 1988 (n = 83 frail elderly). Main Outcome Measures: The number of medications currently being taken and the number of different therapeutic classes of drugs being taken per elderly HMO member. Main Results: The in-home assessment and the automated prescription system closely agreed on the number of different medications and the different therapeutic classes of prescription drugs being taken. The in-home assessment and mail questionnaire were in less agreement. Agreement was less for non-prescription drugs. Conclusions: An automated prescription system is an adequate source of information about the prescription drugs currently being taken by frail elderly HMO enrollees with a prepaid prescription drug benefit.
Soft-pad grinding of 300 mm wire-sawn silicon wafers: finite element analysis with designed experiments

Silicon wafers are the primary semiconductor substrates used to fabricate Integrated Circuits (ICs). Recently, the industry is making a transition from 200 to 300 mm wafers. To attain very flat 300 mm silicon wafers, grinding has been used to flatten the wire-sawn wafers. However, it is challenging for grinding to remove the waviness induced in wire sawing. To enhance the waviness removal ability of grinding process, several approaches have been explored including soft-pad grinding. This paper presents a study on soft-pad grinding of 300 mm wire-sawn silicon wafers through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with designed experiments. A 25 (five factors, two levels) full factorial design is employed to reveal the main effects as well as the interaction effects of five factors (elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and thickness of the soft pad; waviness wavelength and waviness height of silicon wafers) on the effectiveness of waviness removal. FEA simulation results are compared with relevant experimental results. Implications of this study to manufacturing are also discussed.
Location update optimization in personal communication systems

Mobility tracking is concerned with finding a mobile subscriber (MS) within the area serviced by the wireless network. The two basic operations for tracking an MS, location updating and paging, constitute additional load on the wireless network. The total cost of updating and paging can be minimized by optimally dividing the service area into location registration (LR) areas. There are various factors affecting this cost, including the mobility and call patterns of the individual MS, the shape, size and orientation of the LR area, and the method of searching for the MS within the LR area. Based on various mobility patterns of users and network architecture, the design of the LR area is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem. The objective is to minimize the location update cost subject to a constraint on the size of the LR area.
Molecular Zipper: a fluorescent probe for real-time isothermal DNA amplification

Rolling-circle amplification (RCA) and ramification amplification (RAM, also known as hyperbranched RCA) are isothermal nucleic acid amplification technologies that have gained a great application in in situ signal amplification, DNA and protein microarray assays, single nucleotide polymorphism detection, as well as clinical diagnosis. Real-time detection of RCA or RAM products has been a challenge because of most real-time detection systems, including Taqman and Molecular Beacon, are designed for thermal cycling-based DNA amplification technology. In the present study, we describe a novel fluorescent probe construct, termed molecular zipper, which is specially designed for quantifying target DNA by real-time monitoring RAM reactions. Our results showed that the molecular zipper has very low background fluorescence due to the strong interaction between two strands. Once it is incorporated into the RAM products its double strand region is opened by displacement, therefore, its fluorophore releases a fluorescent signal. Applying the molecular zipper in RAM assay, we were able to detect as few as 10 molecules within 90 min reaction. A linear relationship was observed between initial input of targets and threshold time (R2 = 0.985). These results indicate that molecular zipper can be applied to real-time monitoring and qualification of RAM reaction, implying an amenable method for automatic RAM-based diagnostic assays.
The unfolded protein response is activated in disease-affected brain regions in progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer’s disease

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder pathologically characterized by intracellular tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein distributed throughout the neocortex, basal ganglia, and brainstem. A genome-wide association study identified EIF2AK3 as a risk factor for PSP. EIF2AK3 encodes PERK, part of the endoplasmic reticulum’s (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR). PERK is an ER membrane protein that senses unfolded protein accumulation within the ER lumen. Recently, several groups noted UPR activation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, and in the hippocampus and substantia nigra of PSP subjects. Here, we evaluate UPR PERK activation in the pons, medulla, midbrain, hippocampus, frontal cortex and cerebellum in subjects with PSP, AD, and in normal controls. We found UPR activation primarily in disease-affected brain regions in both disorders. In PSP, the UPR was primarily activated in the pons and medulla and to a much lesser extent in the hippocampus. In AD, the UPR was extensively activated in the hippocampus. We also observed UPR activation in the hippocampus of some elderly normal controls, severity of which positively correlated with both age and tau pathology but not with Aβ plaque burden. Finally, we evaluated EIF2AK3 coding variants that influence PERK activation. We show that a haplotype associated with increased PERK activation is genetically associated with increased PSP risk. The UPR is activated in disease affected regions in PSP and the genetic evidence shows that this activation increases risk for PSP and is not a protective response.
Are employability skills learned in U.S. youth education and training programs

Skills are a central source of high productivity and economic well-being. But what do we mean by productive skills? Both with regard to measurement and policy, the primary focus in the U.S. has been on academic skills, as measured by tests of reading, writing and math abilities and by educational attainment, including degrees completed. However, a new consensus is emerging that an array of non-academic skills and occupational skills may be at least as important for labor market success. After reviewing the evidence on respective roles of various types of skills required by employers, this paper examines the skill-enhancing effects of several youth programs and demonstrations, with an emphasis on how well these efforts raise non-academic skills directly through purposeful activities or indirectly as a result of other employment-enhancing services.
Climate Variability in the Andes of Ecuador and Its Relation to Tropical Pacific and Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

The main spatiotemporal modes of seasonal precipitation and temperature variability in the Andes of Ecuador (18N-48S) and their relation to tropical Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) between 1963-92 are identified based on rotated principal component analysis and cross-correlation techniques. Outgoing longwave radiation composites are analyzed during periods of strong oceanic forcing to confirm the proposed physical mechanisms. Despite the close proximity to the Pacific, precipitation variability in the Andes of Ecuador is not related to SSTA in the tropical Pacific domain alone. The El Nino-Southern Oscillation influence is most dominant in the northwestern part of the Andes during December-February (DJF) and in the eastern Cordillera during June-August (JJA) and in both cases associated with below- (above-) average precipitation during El Nino (La Nina) years. During most of the year precipitation variability over the eastern Andes is related to a dipolelike correlation structure in the tropical Atlantic, featuring positive correlations with SSTA to the south of the ITCZ and negative correlations to the north. The proposed mechanism involves positive SSTA in the tropical South Atlantic and contemporaneous negative SSTA in the tropical North Atlantic, resulting in increased rainfall over the eastern Cordillera. The only region with slightly increased precipitation during El Nino events is confined to a narrow area along the western Andean slope between 18 and 38S in close proximity to the Pacific. However, this relationship is weak and only apparent in DJF. Temperature variability in the Andes can largely be explained by SSTA in the tropical Pacific domain. The temperature response closely follows SSTA in the Nino-3 and Nino-3.4 regions with approximately one-month lag. The northernmost part of the Andes (north of 0.58N) is the only region where temperatures are significantly correlated with tropical North Atlantic SSTA.
Effect of target stenosis and location on radial artery graft patency

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of target vessel characteristics on radial artery patency when used as a composite T graft. Methods: Between October 1993 and March 2001, 1022 patients underwent coronary bypass with the internal thoracic artery–radial artery composite T graft. Of these, angiography has been performed on 109 patients at a mean 27.1 months (range, 2-70 months) postoperatively for symptoms of ischemia. By means of Cox proportional hazard models, the relationships between anastomotic patency and target vessel location, proximal stenosis, target diameter, and quality were assessed. Results: A total of 231 radial artery anastomoses were evaluated. The mean stenosis for patent anastomoses was 82% compared with 71% for occluded anastomoses (P <.001). Anastomotic patency for targets with moderate stenosis (≤70%) was worse than that for vessels with critical stenosis (≥90%; relative risk, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.2; P <.001). Patency for targets of the right coronary artery was statistically inferior to that for targets of the left anterior descending artery (relative risk, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.9; P =.01) and bordered on significance versus that for the circumflex artery distribution (relative risk, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.8; P =.06). When directed toward critically stenosed targets of the left anterior descending or circumflex arteries, radial artery patency was not statistically different that that of the internal thoracic artery (P =.19). Conclusion: Radial artery patency is sensitive to both target location and proximal target stenosis. Selective use of the radial artery to targets of the left anterior descending and circumflex distributions remains encouraging. Radial artery grafts to targets of the right coronary artery or those with moderate stenosis appear to be at particularly high risk of failure.
Functional connectivity in the brain in joint attention skills using near infrared spectroscopy and imaging

In this study, the changes in activation in terms of Oxy-Hemoglobin (HbO) and Deoxy-Hemoglobin (HbR) were detected in response to join attention based tasks in normal adults using near infrared spectroscopy and imaging. With these detections, functional connectivity between the left and right sides of frontal region of the brain was measured and modeled by a lagged covariance structural equation modeling (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed to assess the difference in the path coefficients amongst different stimuli (joint attention, non-joint attention, and baseline rest). The results demonstrate that the left and right sides of the frontal region of the brain interacted with each other distinctly in response to the joint and non-joint attention based stimuli.
Is older age a poor prognostic factor in stage I and II endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma

Abstract Objective Prior studies have shown that age ≥70years is associated with more aggressive non-endometrioid histology and worse survival in endometrial cancer. The purpose of this study is to assess if age is an independent poor prognostic factor in endometrioid histologies. Methods Under an IRB-approved protocol, we identified patients with surgical stage I to II endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma from 1995 to 2008 at two institutions. Patients were divided into two groups based on age at diagnosis: Group A (age 50–69years) and Group B (age≥70years). All patients underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingoophorectomy, +/−pelvic/aortic lymphadenectomy and adjuvant therapy. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results We identified 338 patients with stage IA to IIB endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. The median age in Group A was 59years (range 50–69) and Group B was 75years (range 70–92). Patients in Group B were more likely to have hypertension (51% vs. 68%, p =0.006) and coronary artery disease (9% vs. 18%, p =0.03). There were no differences in progression-free or disease-specific survival, however, Group B had a worse overall survival (OS) (50.1 vs. 62.6months, p =0.03). On univariate analysis, age ( p =0.04), grade ( p =0.006), and coronary artery disease ( p =0.01) were associated with worse OS. After adjusting for grade and coronary artery disease, age was no longer a significant variable for OS ( p =0.17). Conclusions After adjusting for other poor prognostic factors, age ≥70years alone may not be a significant variable affecting overall survival in patients with early stage endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma.
The diagnostic dilemma of congenital unstable hemoglobinopathies

Unstable hemoglobin variants represent a rare etiology of congenital hemolytic anemia. Without a high index of suspicion, plus proper laboratory testing and interpretation, the correct diagnosis can be elusive. We report on five children who were initially thought to have other congenital disorders such as hereditary spherocytosis or thalassemia, before β-globin gene sequencing led to the definitive diagnosis. Recognizing the variable clinical presentation and laboratory data reported will aid clinicians in diagnosis of unstable hemoglobins variants in children with atypical forms of hemolytic anemia, particularly those with low pulse oximetry values or whose hemoglobin electrophoresis suggest β-thalassemia trait.
Non-REM sleep as a source of learning deficits induced by REM sleep deprivation.

Abstract Procedures that deprive animal subjects of rapid eye movement sleep have often been associated with learning impairments. Previously, the conclusion has been drawn that these learning impairments are due to the absence of some positive function of rapid eye movement sleep. The present research indicates more precisely that typical impairments associated with the deprivation procedures may be due to isolated periods of non-REM sleep, rather than due to the simple absence of rapid eye movement sleep. Mice were tested for acquistion of a complex maze task, and subjected to post-trial rapid eye movement sleep deprivation by the pedestal method. Only animals demonstrating (non-REM) sleep behaviors during deprivation gave evidence of learning deficits.
Sinusoidal spread of liver metastases from renal cell carcinoma: simulation of diffuse liver disease on MR imaging.

Rarely, hepatic metastases can simulate hepatic infiltrative diseases. We present a case of a patient with advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma who developed hepatomegaly and clinical signs of hepatocellular injury. On magnetic resonance imaging, the injury simulated a diffuse process, e.g., acute fulminant viral or chemical hepatitis or drug toxicity. Despite its high resolution, magnetic resonance imaging might not depict focal lesions in patients with extensive metastases. In correlation with clinical history, malignant disease should be considered when diffusely abnormal hepatic signal intensity is noted.
Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Abnormalities, Cachexia, and Exercise Intolerance in Mice with Congestive Heart Failure

Background—Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cachexia (muscle wasting) and the hallmark s...
Clinical correlates and prognostic significance of change in standardized left ventricular mass in a community-based cohort of African Americans.

Background Though left ventricular mass (LVM) predicts cardiovascular events (CVD) and mortality in African Americans, limited data exists on factors contributing to change in LVM and its prognostic significance. We hypothesized that baseline blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) and change in these variables over time are associated with longitudinal increases in LVM and that such increase is associated with greater incidence of CVD. Methods and Results We investigated the clinical correlates of change in standardized logarithmically transformed‐LVM indexed to height2.7 (log‐LVMI) and its association with incident CVD in 606 African Americans (mean age 58±6 years, 66% women) who attended serial examinations 8 years apart. Log‐LVMI and clinical covariates were standardized within sex to obtain z scores for both visits. Standardized log‐LVMI was modeled using linear regression (correlates of change in standardized log‐LVMI) and Cox proportional hazards regression (incidence of CVD [defined as coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure and intermittent claudication]). Baseline clinical correlates (standardized log‐LVM, BMI, systolic BP) and change in systolic BP over time were significantly associated with 8‐year change in standardized log‐LVMI. In prospective analysis, change in standardized LVM was significantly (P=0.0011) associated with incident CVD (hazards ratio per unit standard deviation change log‐LVMI 1.51, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.93). Conclusions In our community‐based sample of African Americans, baseline BMI and BP, and change in BP on follow‐up were key determinants of increase in standardized log‐LVMI, which in turn carried an adverse prognosis, underscoring the need for greater control of BP and weight in this group.
The impact of prison deinstitutionalization on community treatment services

With one in every 108 Americans behind bars, the deinstitutionalization of prisons is a pressing issue for all those facing the daunting challenges of successfully reintegrating ex-offenders into both their communities and the larger society. Given the strong evidence that treatment services, such as mental/behavioral health, alcohol/substance abuse, and primary healthcare may reduce recidivism, the large number of prisoner releases highlights the need for adequate treatment services in the community. It is within this context that the current study aims to examine the effects of prison deinstitutionalization on community based intervention modalities. This study set out to address a set of fundamental research questions in the current climate of reversing the 40-year upward trend in prison population. This thread of inquiry is based on a hydraulic model of institutionalization of transinstitutionalization. This hydraulic framework posits that there are many overlaps between public safety and mental health needs, and that psychiatric institutionalization and penal institutionalization are functionally dependent. Longitudinal data with annual standardized measures such as rates and percentages for this change modeling were obtained from a number of national data programs for all 50 states. Our analytical focus concentrated on the second half of the decade of the 2000s. Change in the state imprisonment rate was negatively correlated with change in the rate of substance abuse treatment admissions (r = -0.24; p .05) as predicted. However, only the bivariate association between imprisonment and substance abuse treatment admissions attained the conventional threshold of statistical significance. Holding constant the direct and indirect effects of changes in the rates of violent crime and illicit drug use, change in prison population was negatively associated with changes in the rate of substance abuse (unstandardized coefficient = -0.891; p 0.05) in the community. By using a path analysis of the hydraulic model, we argue that social systems, similar to water moving in closed tubes, aspire to equilibrate. In other words, a decrease in prison population will not go without a corresponding increase in community mental health and substance abuse services. Social voids like those created by deinstitutionalization must be filled; and with states deinstitutionalizing offenders the toll is on their corresponding communities to address the needs of those offenders who are reentering after being incarcerated. In devising a policy and practice strategy to address the projected increase in the reentry population, leadership within communities for social and supportive services to ex-prisoners, specifically treatment services should be of primary concern.
Nuclear adenomatous polyposis coli suppresses colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice

Mutation of tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) initiates most colorectal cancers and chronic colitis increases risk. APC is a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling protein, best known for antagonizing Wnt signaling by forming a cytoplasmic complex that marks β-catenin for degradation. Using our unique mouse model with compromised nuclear Apc import (Apc(mNLS)), we show that Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice have increased susceptibility to tumorigenesis induced with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The AOM-DSS-induced colon adenoma histopathology, proliferation, apoptosis, stem cell number and β-catenin and Kras mutation spectra were similar in Apc(mNLS/mNLS) and Apc(+/+) mice. However, AOM-DSS-treated Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice showed more weight loss, more lymphoid follicles and edema, and increased colon shortening than treated Apc(+/+) mice, indicating a colitis predisposition. To test this directly, we induced acute colitis with a 7 day DSS treatment followed by 5 days of recovery. Compared with Apc(+/+) mice, DSS-treated Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice developed more severe colitis based on clinical grade and histopathology. Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice also had higher lymphocytic infiltration and reduced expression of stem cell markers, suggesting an increased propensity for chronic inflammation. Moreover, colons from DSS-treated Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice showed fewer goblet cells and reduced Muc2 expression. Even in untreated Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice, there were significantly fewer goblet cells in jejuna, and a modest decrease in colonocyte Muc2 expression compared with Apc(+/+) mice. Colonocytes from untreated Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice also showed increased expression of inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). These findings reveal novel functions for nuclear Apc in goblet cell differentiation and protection against inflammation-induced colon tumorigenesis.
Concurrent diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism in the dog: diagnosis and management of eight cases.

Eight cases of concurrent diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism are described. In all but one dog diabetes mellitus was the first condition recognised and, in these, clinical signs attributable to hyperadrenocorticism developed further while the dogs received replacement insulin therapy. The most common signs were resistance to exogenous insulin with daily insulin replacement dosage requirements exceeding 2 iu/kg, erratic insulin requirements, continuing polydipsia/polyuria and weight loss. Lethargy and muscle weakness were variable and dermatological abnormalities were present in only four cases. Six dogs were treated with op'DDD and clinical signs resolved with improvement of glycaemic control.
Should Students Be Able to Opt Out of Evolution? Some Philosophical Considerations

One new development in the ongoing creationism/evolution controversy has been the proposal to institute opt-out policies that would allow creationist parents to exempt their children from any instruction involving evolution. By way of an explanation of some of the philosophical issues at play in the debate over evolution and the nature of science, this article shows the educational folly of such policies. If evolution is taught properly, it should not be possible to opt out of it without opting out of biology. Moreover, if Intelligent Design creationist criticisms of evolution and scientific naturalism were taken as the basis for opting out, then the effect would be even more radical and would require opting out of science entirely.
Learning robot soccer skills from demonstration

We seek to enable users to teach personal robots arbitrary tasks so that the robot can better perform as the user desires without explicit programming. Robot learning from demonstration is an approach well-suited to this paradigm, as a robot learns new tasks from observations of the task itself. Many current robot learning algorithms require the existence of basic behaviors that can be combined to perform the desired task. However, robots that exist in the world for long timeframes and learn many tasks over their lifetime may exhaust this basis set and need to move beyond it. In particular, we are interested in a robot that must learn to perform an unknown task for which its built in behaviors may not be appropriate. We demonstrate a learning paradigm that is capable of learning both low-level motion primitives (locomotion and manipulation) and high-level tasks built on top of them from interactive demonstration. We apply nonparametric regression within this framework towards learning a complete robot soccer player and successfully teach a robot dog to first walk, and then to seek and acquire a ball.
Systems medicine, transformational technologies and the emergence of predictive, personalized, preventive and participatory (P4) medicine

The challenge for biology in the 21st century is the need to deal with its incredible complexity. One powerful way to think of biology is to view it as an informational science. This view leads to the conclusion that biological information is captured, mined, integrated by biological networks and finally passed off to molecular machines for execution. Hence the challenge in understanding biological complexity is that of deciphering the operation of dynamic biological networks across the three time scales of lifeevolution, development and physiological responses. Systems approaches to biology are focused on delineating and deciphering dynamic biological networks and their interactions with simple and complex molecular machines. I will focus on our efforts at a systems approach to diseaselooking at prion disease in mice. We have just published a study that has taken more than 5 yearsthat lays out the principles of a systems approach to disease including dealing with the striking signal to noise problems of high throughput biological measurements and biology itself (e.g. polymorphisms). I will also discuss the emerging technologies (measurement and visualization) that will transform medicine over the next 10 yearsincluding next generation DNA sequencing, microfluidic protein chips and single-cell analyses. I will as well discuss some of the computational and mathematical challenges that are fundaments to the revolution in medicineboth those that deal with medical sciences and those that deal in a general way with healthcare. It appears that systems medicine, together with pioneering changes such as next-generation DNA sequencing and blood protein measurements (nanotechnology) and as well as the development of powerful new computational and mathematical tools will transform medicine over the next 5-20 years from its currently reactive state to a mode that is predictive, personalized, preventive and participatory (P4). This will in turn lead to the digitalization of medicinewith ultimately a profound decrease in the cost of healthcare. It will also transform the business strategies for virtually every sector of the health care industry. These considerations have led ISB to begin formulating a series of national and international strategic partnerships that are focused on accelerating the realization of P4 medicine. I will discuss some of these strategic partnerships and discuss the implications for healthcare arising from P4 medicine.
The promise of air cargo-system aspects and vehicle design

The current operation of the air cargo system is reviewed. An assessment of the future of air cargo is provided by: (1) analyzing statistics and trends, (2) by noting system problems and inefficiencies, (3) by analyzing characteristics of 'air eligible' commodities, and (4) by showing the promise of new technology for future cargo aircraft with significant improvements in costs and efficiency. The following topics are discussed: (1) air cargo demand forecasts; (2) economics of air cargo transport; (3) the integrated air cargo system; (4) evolution of airfreighter design; and (5) the span distributed load concept.
Chirurgie der Trikuspidalklappe

Die Entwicklung der Trikuspidalklappenchirurgie wahrend der vergangenen 2 Jahrzehnte bewegt sich stetig vom Klappenersatz zu den konservativen klappenerhaltenden Eingriffen hin. Heute macht der Klappenersatz nur noch 5% der Eingriffe an der Trikuspidalklappe aus. Uber die konservativen klappenerhaltenden Eingriffe — Anuloplastik, gelegentlich in Verbindung mit der Kommissurotomie — bestehen, was die Indikationen zur Operation, die Wahl des plastischen Verfahrens und die technischen Details angeht, einige Gegensatzlichkeiten. In diesem Kapitel stellen wir die zwei gelaufigsten Methoden der Anuloplastik nach Carpentier und De Vega und die Kommissurotomie dar; auserdem gehen wir auf den Klappenersatz ein.
Las Conferencias Americanas del Trabajo y el debate sobre las condiciones laborales del proletariado de América Latina, 1936-1946

Entre 1936 y 1946 la Organizacion Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) organizo 3 Conferencias Americanas del Trabajo (Santiago de Chile, 1936; La Habana, Cuba 1939; y Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, 1946) donde se debatio de manera tripartita – Estado, Patrones y Trabajadores – la situacion del capital y el trabajo a nivel regional e intercontinental. Los trabajadores presentaron en cada Conferencia diagnosticos y propuestas concretas de como mejorar el standard de vida y las condiciones laborales del proletariado en la region. Temas como: la medicina laboral, la higiene industrial, la alimentacion popular, el trabajo de menores, la situacion laboral de la mujer y la seguridad social fueron ampliamente debatidos, iniciandose un camino de negociacion que promovio al final de cada Conferencia una serie de resoluciones que le correspondia a los respectivos Estado-Nacion implementar y a patrones y obreros velar por el respeto a la legislacion vigente.
Church and State Conflict in El Salvador as a Cause of the Central American War of 1863

Religion played a catalytic role in the events leading to the Central American War of 1863. The self-exile of the bishop of San Salvador to Guatemala more than a year before the outbreak of the conflict marked rather clearly the beginning of a steady worsening of relations between the two republics. Exiles from the Liberal regime in El Salvador now were able to exploit basic differences in outlook between the leader of that state and of Guatemala. Border incidents, armament, and exchange of insults escalated throughout 1862. The departure of Bishop Tomas Miguel Pineda y Zaldana,1 however, seems not to have been the prime reason for the war. Other Central American states participated in it as yet another struggle involving the political balance of power. In 1863, Honduras, a weak ally of El Salvador, whose subsidies kept Honduran forces in the field, strove as in the past to prevent domination by the Conservative dictatorship of Guatemala. Nicaragua participated on the Guatemalan side in order to frustrate the international political ambitions of the Liberal dictator of El Salvador, such as a reunification into a federated republic. Costa Rica, officially neutral, supported the Guatemala-Nicaragua coalition for the same reason.2
Laser engineered multilayer coating of biphasic calcium phosphate/titanium nanocomposite on metal substrates.

In this work, laser coating of biphasic calcium phosphate/titanium (BCP/Ti) nanocomposite on Ti-6Al-4 V substrates was developed. A continuous wave neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was used to form a robust multilayer of BCP/Ti nanocomposite starting from hydroxyapatite and titanium nanoparticles. In this process, low power coating is realized because of the strong laser−nanoparticle interaction and good sinterability of nanosized titanium. To guide the optimization of laser processing conditions for the coating process, a multiphysics model coupling electromagnetic module with heat transfer module was developed. This model was validated by laser coating experiments. Important features of the coated samples, including microstructures, chemical compositions, and interfacial bonding strength, were characterized. We found that a multilayer of BCP, consisting of 72% hydroxyapatite (HA) and 28% beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and titanium nanocomposite was formed on Ti-6Al-4 V substra...
Grounding Generalized Measurements in the Laboratory

Contextual values are generalized spectra that directly connect to non-projective measurements. We use them to probe Leggett-Garg inequalities, measure which-path information in coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and interpret the weak value.
True Grit: directed by Ethan Coen and Joel Coen, with screenplay by Joel Coen and Ethan Coen. Based on a novel by Charles Portis (1968). Produced by David Ellison, Megan Ellison, Robert Graf, Paul Schwake, and Steven Spielberg. Hollywood, CA: Paramount Pictures, 2010.

True Grit is a 2010 remake of a 1969 American Western film, originally based on a book with the same name by Charles Portis. The film is narrated by the adult Mattie Ross (Elizabeth Marvel), who ex...
Increased Expression of Inflammatory Genes in Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancers.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies have shown that women of all ages experience a transient increase in the risk of developing breast cancer following pregnancy. Furthermore, breast cancers detected soon after a completed pregnancy (pregnancy-associated breast cancers, or PABCs) have a worse prognosis than those detected at more distant intervals (Schedin 2006). We previously found evidence for increased expression of inflammatory genes in the human breast following pregnancy. (Asztalos et al. 2008). In this study we analyzed the same gene set in human breast cancer tissue, to investigate the role of inflammation in pregnancy associated breast cancers.Patients and Methods: Women ≤ 45 years of age with breast cancer were eligible for the study, and were categorized as either nulliparous, recently pregnant or distantly pregnant. Thirteen nulliparous, 14 recently pregnant ( Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5158.
The Polyelectrolyte Complex/Coacervate Continuum

Stoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) of the strong polyelectrolytes poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA) were dissociated and dissolved in aqueous KBr. Water was added to dilute the salt, allowing polyelectrolytes to reassociate. After appropriate equilibration, these mixtures yielded compositions spanning complexes (solid) to coacervates (elastic liquid) to dissolved solutions with increasing [KBr]. These compositions were defined by a ternary polymer/water/salt phase diagram. For coacervates, transient microphase separation could be induced by a small departure from equilibration temperature. A boundary between complex and coacervate states was defined by the crossover point between loss and storage modulus. Salt ions within the complex/coacervate were identified as either ion paired with polyelectrolytes (“doping”) or unassociated. The fraction of ion pair cross-links between polyelectrolytes as a function of KBr concentration was used to account for viscos...
“Be Real Black for Me”: Imagining BlackCrit in Education

The authors put forward a theorization of a Black Critical Theory, or what might be called BlackCrit, within, and in response to, Critical Race Theory, and then outline ways that BlackCrit in educa...
A Comparison of Physical Activity and Dual Task Gait Among Persons with Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Older Adults

ABSTRACTAims: To identify if dual task gait differed between persons with PD (high versus low physical activity levels) and healthy peers. Methods: Persons with PD (n = 19) and matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 19) completed Timed Up and Go single (TUGalone) and dual task conditions (TUGmotor/TUGcognitive), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and step activity monitoring. Participants with PD were classified low active (LAPD; n = 11) or high active (HAPD; n = 8) using HC mean steps/day cut-point (M = 4,658). Results: PD groups were equivalent for mental status, disease severity, and PD duration. LAPD steps/day (M = 2,482.00 ± 1,466.33) differed from HAPD (M = 5,675.13 ± 1,198.93) and HC (M = 4,657.74 ± 1,604.99) (p = 0.001). LAPD completed the TUG slower than HAPD and HC (MANOVA, p < 0.02; post-hoc analysis, p < 0.04). BDI-II scores were greater in LAPD than HC (p = 0.013). Conclusions: Physical activity impacted mobility and depression. HAPD were similar to HC in walking activities and affect but LAP...
X-rays from Core-collapse Supernovae

Core-collapse supernovae can produce X-rays through a variety of mechanisms, which are briefly reviewed. Through a combination of targeted searches of specific supernovae and archival searches for serendipitous coverage of supernovae, the number of known X-ray supernovae has grown by a factor of five in the past 13 years, when the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton were launched. The Swift satellite has contributed greatly to the discovery of X-ray emitted supernovae, but care must taken with all Swift detections given its spatial resolution and the number of X-ray binaries typically seen in external galaxies. About half of the reported Swift detections of X-ray emission from supernovae are in fact not due to the supernovae but from unrelated nearby sources in the host galaxies.
Pantheism and Saving God

In this paper, I examine Mark Johnston’s panentheistic account of the metaphysics of the divine developed in his recent book, Saving God: Religion After Idolatry (2009). On Johnston’s account, God is the ‘Highest One’ and is identified with ‘the outpouring of Being by way of its exemplification in ordinary existents for the sake of the self-disclosure of Being’ (Johnston 2009, 158). Johnston eschews supernaturalism and takes his position to be consistent with what he calls ‘legitimate naturalism’ which he takes to be some version of ontological naturalism. But, as I will argue in what follows, Johnston’s legitimate naturalism is not clearly ontological naturalism. In what follows, given the other general features of his account, I argue that if we assume ontological naturalism, we should prefer a pantheistic conception of God over a panentheistic conception of God such as the one Johnston proffers. I take it that we can preserve everything Johnston wants in his account of divinity if we accept pantheism; but, if we wish to purge our conception of God of any supernaturalism, we should accept pantheism.
Detection of groEL gene in spotted fever group rickettsia of patients with fever in Hainan province

Objective To understand the station of spotted fever group rickettsia infection of patients with fever in Hainan province.Methods Specific fragment of blood samples of groEL gene was detected by the nested PCR method; the samples were collected from 117 patients with unknown fever in hospitals of Hainan province during 2009-2010. Parts of the positive samples were sequenced and clustered, the epidemic situation of dominant strains of potted fever group rickettsia was analyzed in Hainan province.Results 18 groEL positive samples were found from 117 samples of blood, 12 samples were sequenced, in which 7 with the same sequences. Conclusion Potted fever group rickettsia exists in patients with fever in Hainan, it should strengthen the ability of detecting spotted fever in the lab, so as to provide basis for its prevention and control.
Design of Expanded Diameter Conductor with Large Section and Stable Structure

A new design method of expanded diameter conductor with large section was proposed,where the outer layer of aluminium wire was placed closely by round line and the support layer was placed sparsely by section line. Based on the requirements of electromagnetic environment control and transmission capacity,the boundary conditions for structure design of expanded diameter conductor with large section were determined: the outside diameter was 42. 88 mm,and conductive cross section was 780 mm2. The structure and parameters of JLXK / G2A-780( 1000) /80-42. 88 were designed,and the technical and economic analysis showed that its initial investment was smaller than that of 8 × 1 000 mm2 conventional wire scheme. The economy of expanded diameter conductor was better than that of 8 × JL / G2A-1000 /80 wire scheme due to the low electricity price and low loss hours in total life cycle. With the help of the simulation analysis on the section stability of expanded diameter conductor,and the structural stability verification of trial production samples,it both show that the critical strand jumping tension is 25% RTS( rated tensile strength). So the expanded diameter conductor with large section( JLXK /G2A-780( 1000) /80-42. 88) has good section stability,and is suitable for the projects that have high electromagnetic environment requirements and low utilization hours.
Development and Testing of Screen-Based and Psychometric Instruments for Assessing Resident Performance in an Operating Room Simulator

Introduction. Medical simulators are used for assessing clinical skills and increasingly for testing hypotheses. We developed and tested an approach for assessing performance in anesthesia residents using screen-based simulation that ensures expert raters remain blinded to subject identity and experimental condition. Methods. Twenty anesthesia residents managed emergencies in an operating room simulator by logging actions through a custom graphical user interface. Two expert raters rated performance based on these entries using custom Global Rating Scale (GRS) and Crisis Management Checklist (CMC) instruments. Interrater reliability was measured by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and internal consistency of the instruments was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. Agreement between GRS and CMC was measured using Spearman rank correlation (SRC). Results. Interrater agreement (GRS: ICC = 0.825, CMC: ICC = 0.878) and internal consistency (GRS: alpha = 0.838, CMC: alpha = 0.886) were good for both instruments. Subscale analysis indicated that several instrument items can be discarded. GRS and CMC scores were highly correlated (SRC = 0.948). Conclusions. In this pilot study, we demonstrated that screen-based simulation can allow blinded assessment of performance. GRS and CMC instruments demonstrated good rater agreement and internal consistency. We plan to further test construct validity of our instruments by measuring performance in our simulator as a function of training level.
Free Segments of a Neutral Plane (FSEG)

Free segments are defined as congruence classes of segments; these are ordered in a natural way, and this ordering is shown to be transitive and to have the trichotomy property. Addition of free segments is defined, and its elementary properties and interactions with ordering are studied. These developments are sufficient to prove the triangle inequality, and provide a first step toward defining distance on a neutral plane.
Progress on the research regarding the epidemiology of hepatitis C

丙型肝炎(丙肝)是由丙肝病毒(HCV)引起的,以肝脏损害为主的一组全身性传染病.其急性感染期症状不明显,易慢性化,比例可达50.0％ ～ 85.0％[1];10.0％～20.0％的HCV感染者在感染20年后发展为肝硬化,但在某些国家高达50.0％,1.0％～3.0％的人在感染30年后发展为肝癌[2]. 关键词：丙型肝炎;流行病学