cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving the Spatial Resolution and Stability by Optimizing Compact Finite Differencing Templates

Parameter optimization is an excellent path for easily raising the resolution efficiency of compact finite differencing schemes. Their low-resolution errors are attractive for resolving the fine-scale turbulent physics even in complex flow domains with difficult boundary conditions. Most schemes require optimizing closure stencils at and adjacent to the domain boundaries. But these constituents can potentially degrade the local resolution errors and destabilize the final solution scheme. Current practices optimize and analyze each participating stencil separately, which incorrectly quantifies their local resolution errors. The proposed process optimizes each participant simultaneously. The result is a composite template that owns consistent spatial resolution properties throughout the entire computational domain. Additionally, the optimization technique leads to templates that are numerically stable as understood by an eigenvalue analysis. Finally, the predictive accuracy of the optimized schemes are evaluated using four canonical test problems that involve resolving linear convection, nonlinear Burger wave, turbulence along a flat plate, and circular cylinder wall pressure.
Scaling limits of high average power fiber lasers

The fundamental power scaling limits for diffraction limited fiber lasers are reviewed. Relationships between the limits show there is an upper bound for single aperture power of conventional fiber lasers of 10-40 kW.
Repression of Vaccinia Virus Holliday Junction Resolvase Inhibits Processing of Viral DNA into Unit-Length Genomes

The vaccinia virus A22R gene encodes a protein that is homologous to the bacterial enzyme RuvC and specifically cleaves and resolves four-way DNA Holliday junctions into linear duplex products. To investigate the role of the vaccinia virus Holliday junction resolvase during an infection, we constructed two recombinant viruses: vA22-HA, which has a short C-terminal epitope tag appended to the A22R open reading frame, and vA22i, in which the original A22R gene is deleted and replaced by an inducible copy. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis of extracts and purified virions from cells infected with vA22-HA revealed that the resolvase was expressed after the onset of DNA replication and incorporated into virion cores. vA22i exhibited a conditional replication defect. In the absence of an inducer, (i) viral protein synthesis was unaffected, (ii) late-stage viral DNA replication was reduced, (iii) most of the newly synthesized viral DNA remained in a branched or concatemeric form that caused it to be trapped at the application site during pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, (iv) cleavage of concatemer junctions was inhibited, and (v) virion morphogenesis was arrested at an immature stage. These data indicated multiple roles for the vaccinia virus Holliday junction resolvase in the replication and processing of viral DNA into unit-length genomes.
The influence of participation in Better Bones and Balance™ on skeletal health: evaluation of a community-based exercise program to reduce fall and fracture risk

Summary Older women participating in Better Bones and Balance™ (BBB) had similar bone mass at the hip compared to a sample of low active/sedentary controls. However, both groups had higher than expected hip BMD, despite higher risk for osteoporosis among BBB participants.
Neural network connectivity differences in children who stutter

Affecting 1% of the general population, stuttering impairs the normally effortless process of speech production, which requires precise coordination of sequential movement occurring among the articulatory, respiratory, and resonance systems, all within millisecond time scales. Those afflicted experience frequent disfluencies during ongoing speech, often leading to negative psychosocial consequences. The aetiology of stuttering remains unclear; compared to other neurodevelopmental disorders, few studies to date have examined the neural bases of childhood stuttering. Here we report, for the first time, results from functional (resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging) and structural connectivity analyses (probabilistic tractography) of multimodal neuroimaging data examining neural networks in children who stutter. We examined how synchronized brain activity occurring among brain areas associated with speech production, and white matter tracts that interconnect them, differ in young children who stutter (aged 3–9 years) compared with age-matched peers. Results showed that children who stutter have attenuated connectivity in neural networks that support timing of self-paced movement control. The results suggest that auditory-motor and basal ganglia-thalamocortical networks develop differently in stuttering children, which may in turn affect speech planning and execution processes needed to achieve fluent speech motor control. These results provide important initial evidence of neurological differences in the early phases of symptom onset in children who stutter. * Abbreviations : BGTC : basal ganglia-thalamocortical DTI : diffusion tensor imaging M1 : primary motor cortex SMA : supplementary motor area
Resonance series representation of the early-time field scattered by a coated cylinder

The transient response of a coated cylinder to a plane-wave excitation is examined. It is shown that the early-time response has a component very close to the resonance representation for a planar structure, which may be isolated by subtracting the response of an uncoated cylinder. This component can be used with the E-Pulse technique to diagnose changes in coating parameters.
Performance and area modeling of complete FPGA designs in the presence of loop transformations

Digital image processing algorithms are a good match for direct implementation on FPGAs as current FPGA architectures can naturally match the fine grain parallelism in these applications. Typically, these algorithms are structured as a sequence of operations, expressed in high-level programming languages as tight loop nests. The loops usually define a shifting-window region over which the algorithm applies a simple localized operator (e.g., a differential gradient, or a min/max). In this research we focus on the development of fast, yet accurate performance and area modeling of complete FPGA designs that combine analytical, empirical and behavioral estimation techniques. We model the application of a set of important program transformations for image processing algorithms, namely loop unrolling, tiling, loop interchanging, loop fission and array privatization, and explore pipelined and non-pipelined execution modes. We take into consideration the impact of various transformations, in the presence of limited I/O resources like address generators and external memory data channels, on the performance of a complete design implemented in a FPGA based architecture.
Centrally Acting Emetic Agents IV: Synthesis and Chromatographic Methods for Certain Nornuciferine Derivatives

dl-Nornuciferine has been synthesized by a literature procedure; alkyl groups were introduced on the nitrogen by direct alkylation, reductive alkylation, or by acylation followed by reduction to afford eight N-alkylnornuciferine derivatives. Selective cleavage of the ether function at Position 1 of the 1,2-dimethoxy-aporphine systems was achieved by use of hydriodic acid in acetic anhydride. As a preliminary to metabolic studies on the products, thin-layer and gas chromatographic methods were devised for qualitative and quantitative analysis of them.
Unilamellar vesicle formation and encapsulation by microfluidic jetting

Compartmentalization of biomolecules within lipid membranes is a fundamental requirement of living systems and an essential feature of many pharmaceutical therapies. However, applications of membrane-enclosed solutions of proteins, DNA, and other biologically active compounds have been limited by the difficulty of forming unilamellar vesicles with controlled contents in a repeatable manner. Here, we demonstrate a method for simultaneously creating and loading giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) using a pulsed microfluidic jet. Akin to blowing a bubble, the microfluidic jet deforms a planar lipid bilayer into a vesicle that is filled with solution from the jet and separates from the planar bilayer. In contrast with existing techniques, our method rapidly generates multiple monodisperse, unilamellar vesicles containing solutions of unrestricted composition and molecular weight. Using the microfluidic jetting technique, we demonstrate repeatable encapsulation of 500-nm particles into GUVs and show that functional pore proteins can be incorporated into the vesicle membrane to mediate transport. The ability of microfluidic jetting to controllably encapsulate solutions inside of GUVs creates new opportunities for the study and use of compartmentalized biomolecular systems in science, industry, and medicine.
AT1 receptors are necessary for eccentric training-induced hypertrophy and strength gains in rat skeletal muscle.

This study was undertaken to measure the response of skeletal muscle to eccentric contractions (EC) in the presence of the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, losartan. It was hypothesized that blocking AT1 receptors prior to an initial bout of EC would prevent the muscle from developing the normal adaptation to EC as demonstrated by the repeated bout effect. It was also hypothesized that continuous AT1 receptor blockade during EC training would significantly reduce muscle hypertrophy and strength gains that occur with repeated EC. Rats received losartan in their drinking water at either a low dose (20 mg (kg body weight)−1 day−1) or a high dose (40 mg (kg body weight)−1 day−1). Each bout of EC consisted of a total of 24 contractions. Rats were assigned to four groups: a single acute bout of EC (n= 6); two bouts of EC separated by 14 days (n= 8); and 4 weeks of training twice a week on the low dose (n= 5) or the high dose (n= 9). There was no effect of AT1 receptor blockade on the initial loss of function following a single acute bout of EC, or on the repeated bout effect following a second exposure to EC. AT1 receptor blockade did alter the results of EC training, in both the low and high dose groups. Losartan treatments prevented EC training-induced increases in muscle wet and dry weights compared to untreated rats. Finally, the low and high dose losartan treatments also prevented an increase in muscle contractile force following EC training compared to the untreated group. Functional AT1 receptors are therefore not necessary for an acute adaptation to EC as demonstrated by the repeated bout effect, but are necessary for muscle hypertrophy and increased contractile force associated with EC training.
A Review of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on the Auditory System

There are an increasing number of large-scale studies on the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hearing loss; these studies include both HIV-infected adults from horizontal ...
DELIMITING AND INTEGRATING ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVE AND GOAL CONSTRUCTS

The task confronting theorists of achievement motivation is to explain the energization and direction of competence-based behavior (Elliot, 1997). The traditional motive approach, as pioneered by Murray (1938) and McClelland and colleagues (McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, & Lowell, 1953), dominated the field until the 1970s, at which point the cognitive revolution in psychology shifted attention to causal attributions (Weiner & Kukla, 1970) and goal constructs (Ames, 1984; Dweck & Elliott, 1983; Maehr, 1983; Nicholls, 1984a). Typical of scientific revolutions (Kuhn, 1996), the transition from motive to cognitive approaches was rather discontinuous with respect to both theory and method. According to the now dominant achievement goal approach, behavior is a rational attempt to reach consciously articulated (or accessible) ends or purposes, rather than a manifestation of underlying, affect-laden needs or desires; accordingly, self-report goal measures have largely replaced projective or multi-method assessments of global motivational propensities. In this chapter, we will argue that the goal approach provides a more precise account of the specific direction of motivated behavior, whereas the motive approach provides a more satisfactory account of energization. The most attractive evolutionary option for the field may therefore be an integration of the two traditions, as begun by Elliot and his colleagues (Elliot, 1997; Elliot & Church, 1997; Elliot & Harackiewicz, 1996; Elliot & McGregor, 1999). When properly delimited, the motive and goal concepts may be integrated into a scheme that spans the conceptual space of achievement motivation, and that incorporates the major Zeitgeist of the field. Such a scheme is outlined below, following overviews of the achievement motive and goal traditions.
The genusCoccochondra(neotropical Rubiaceae) expanded

Background and aims Several species of shrubs from the Guayana Highlands of Venezuela have been classified in Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm., but are anomalous morphologically in that group. Key results and conclusions These species are here transferred to Coccochondra Rauschert, which now includes four poorly known species that are all endemic to this region. Coccochondra is provisonally considered related to Psychotria L. but is also similar to Ronabea Aubl. The three newly transferred species belong to the new subg. Durifolia (Steyerm.) C.M.Taylor, distinguished from subg. Coccochondra by its five-merous flowers: C. carrenoi (Steyerm.) C.M.Taylor, C. durifolia (Standi.) C.M.Taylor, and C. phelpsiana (Steyerm.) C.M.Taylor.
Healthy swing: a golf rehabilitation model.

ABSTRACTParziale JR: Healthy swing: A golf rehabilitation model. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002;81:498–501.ObjectiveTo describe a rehabilitation model using a multidisciplinary team approach for the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with golf injuries or physically challenged persons desiring to pl
POPULATION DENSITY AND MATING RATES IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA.

To insure its survival, any species in a given habitat must possess a capacity for reproduction sufficient to replace the existing generation. The biotic potential of an individual is determined by such factors as fecundity, longevity, speed of development, and age of first reproduction, as well as other biotic and physical phenomena. The organism's physiological and behavioral adaptability to its environment may significantly influence its ability to reproduce. The particular sexual attributes of an individual (speed and frequency of mating, persistence of courtship, and receptivity) as well as sexual interactions (competition, rivalry, and density-dependent factors) are important aspects of biotic potential. Several aspects of mating behavior in drosophila have been described. However, the terminology used to describe these phenomena is not always clear. A brief description of terms as they will be used in this paper would be in order. Mating propensity and mating speed will refer to individual phenomena. Mating propensity indicates the probability of a given fly's mating; whereas, mating speed refers to the time from some initial point to the time when the fly mates. Mating frequency and mating rate, on the other hand, are closely related population phenomena. Mating frequency indicates the number of pairs of flies that mated in a given time period. Mating rate can be defined as the limit of mating frequency as the time interval study approaches zero
Impact of model complexity and precipitation data products on modeled streamflow

With the proliferation of remote sensing platforms as well as numerous ground products based on weather radar estimation, there are now multiple options for precipitation data beyond traditional rain gauges for which most hydrologic models were originally designed. This study evaluates four precipitation products as input for generating streamflow simulations using two hydrologic models that significantly vary in complexity. The four precipitation products include two ground products from the National Weather Service: the Multi-sensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) and rain gauge data. The two satellite products come from NASA9s Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) and include the TRMM 3B42 Research Version 6, which has a built-in ground bias correction, and the real-time TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis. The two hydrologic models utilized include the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Gridded Surface and Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA). Simulations were conducted in three, moderate- to large-sized basins across the southern United States, the San Casimiro (South Texas), Skuna (northern Mississippi), Alapaha (southern Georgia), and were run for over 2 years. This study affirms the realization that input precipitation is at least as important as the choice of hydrologic model.
Tracking safety performance in construction: a focused approach to the measurement of fatal and non-fatal injuries, 2003-2012

Abstract This analysis develops a Basic Model focusing on the loss of productive time resulting from death or injury as of prime importance in measuring trends in the safety environment supplemented by a Financial Model measuring loss in dollar terms. This provides two views of the impact of death and injury in the construction industry in the 41 states for which comparable fatality and injury data were available for the period 2003 through 2012. This period is significant in that it includes periods of boom, bust and recovery. In undertaking this study we developed a state-by-state measure of lost work-life expectancy due to fatalities. Traditional approaches to costing have tended to focus on medical costs, workers’ compensation employment cost and other cost elements as well as victim productivity. In this analysis the impact of death and injury on the individuals involved is the focus with other factors treated as secondary. Applying the Basic and Financial Models to the 2003–2012 period results in findings showing notable improvement in construction safety.
Modeling and Analysis of Group Dynamics in Alcohol-Consumption Environments

High-risk drinking is considered a major concern in public health, being the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Several studies have been conducted to understand the etiology of high-risk drinking and to design prevention strategies to reduce unhealthy alcohol-consumption and related problems, but there are still major gaps in identifying and investigating the key components that affect the consumption patterns during the drinking event. There is a need to develop tools for the design of methodologies to not only identify such dangerous patterns but also to determine how their dynamics impact the event. In this paper, based on current empirical evidence and observations of drinking events, we model a human group that is in an alcohol-consumption scenario as a dynamical system whose behavior is driven by the interplay between the environment, the network of interactions between the individuals, and their personal motivations and characteristics. We show how this mathematical model complements empirical research in this area by allowing us to analyze, simulate, and predict the drinking group behaviors, to improve the methodologies for field data collection, and to design interventions. Through simulations and Lyapunov stability theory, we provide a computational and mathematical analysis of the impact of the model parameters on the predicted dynamics of the drinking group at the drinking event level. Also, we show how the dynamical model can be informed using data collected in situ and to generate information that can complement the analysis.
New Ternary Magnetic Lanthanide Regenerator Materials for the Low-Temperature Stage of a Gifford-McMahon (G-M) Cryocooler

Four new alloys Er6Ni2Sn, Er6Ni2Pb, Er6Ni2(Sn0.75Ga0.25), and 50:50 Er6Ni2Sn/Er3Ni have been prepared and studied as potential candidate materials for the lower temperature stage of Gifford-McMahon (G-M) cryocooler. The important criteria for developing magnetic cryocooler alloys are described and these were utilized to discover the four materials. The low temperature heat capacities of the four alloys in the as cast and heat treated conditions were measured from 1.5 to 40K, along with those of Pr3Ni, Nd3Ni and Er3Ni. The field dependence of the heat capacity of Er6Ni2Sn, and the magnetic susceptibility of Er6Ni2Pb and Er6Ni2(Sn0.75Ga0.25) indicate that the Er6Ni2X phases order ferrimagnetically. The heat capacities of Er6Ni2X alloys are significantly higher than that of Pb below 18K, and that of Er3Ni between 9 and 18K. These results indicate that they would be good cryogenic regenerator materials for a G-M cryocooler which operates down to ~10K, and would provide greater cooling power than Pb for the same size cryocooler.
Abstract LB-006: Macrophage-dependent activation of Notch1 signaling regulates breast tumor cell intravasation

The process of intravasation, a key component to the metastatic cascade, remains poorly understood. How the multi-cell type tumor microenvironment facilitates tumor cell intravasation is largely unknown. Intravital imaging of rodent mammary tumors has shown that direct contact between a Mena expressing tumor cell, a perivascular macrophage and an endothelial cell forms a microanatomical structure named TMEM (Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis) which is the site where intravasation occurs in mammary tumors. Clinical studies have shown that the number of TMEM is correlated with increased risk of developing distant metastasis in breast cancer patients. While TMEM is an excellent prognostic marker for predicting metastasis, the mechanisms of TMEM assembly and function are not well understood. Recently, we showed that heterotypic cell contact between tumor cells and macrophages induces the formation of invadopodia in tumor cells, invasive structures necessary for matrix degradation and required for tumor cell intravasation. In further work we found that Notch1, a known receptor involved in heterotypic cell contact signaling, is involved. In the absence of Notch1 signaling, macrophage-induced invadopodium formation and tumor cell intravasation are abolished. This heterotypic tumor cell - macrophage interaction regulates the expression profile of Mena in the tumor cell. Upon touching, the transcription of Mena shows a rapid kinetic response, with detectable changes in single transcriptome activity within 1 hour. Inhibition of Notch1 in vivo results in decreased intravasation of mammary tumor cells. Our findings indicate that Notch1 signaling regulates heterotypic cell contact mediated invadopodium formation, transendothelial migration and intravasation and reveals a novel Notch1/Mena pathway as a molecular target to prevent TMEM function and therefore metastasis. Citation Format: Jeanine Pignatelli, Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero, Minna Roh-Johnson, Saumil Gandhi, Yarong Wang, Robert Singer, Louis Hodgson, Maja Oktay, John Condeelis. Macrophage-dependent activation of Notch1 signaling regulates breast tumor cell intravasation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-006.
Community-Level Approaches to Child Maltreatment Prevention

Often the focus of the field of child maltreatment has concentrated on identifying and intervening on risk and protective factors at the individual and family levels; however, since the 1970s, the important roles that communities play in both exacerbating and preventing child maltreatment have received attention as well. This article outlines the development of this area of scientific inquiry, describes the theoretical frameworks utilized by existing programs, and describes several community-level programs aimed at preventing child maltreatment that show promise as scalable strategies to enhance individual and family strengths and reduce caregiver stress. Challenges inherent in community-level programming in increasingly diverse environments and in building/maintaining political will for sustainability of evidence-based efforts are discussed as well. A multilevel, holistic approach that takes into account developmental changes and needs of individuals as well as their environments is likely to bring about more sustainable change in protecting children from abuse and neglect than efforts focused solely on individuals.
2×25G low power optical IC for Thunderbolt optical cable technology

This paper presents low power, 2×25.625Gb/s optical transmitter and receiver ICs for Intel Thunderbolt optical cable technology which is designed to connect electronic devices with the intension to become the standardized optical interconnect. Same circuit with four channels (4×25.625Gb/s) can be used in 100G data center optical interconnect. Each transmitter channel consumes 68mW, receiver channel consumes 78mW. Total power consumption is 146mW for each 25.625Gb/s optical link, which gives 5.69mW/Gb/s. ICs are implemented on BiCMOS process, each two channel IC occupies a die area of 0.884mm × 1.226mm. The ICs have lowest power consumption and smallest die area in industry.
Medicare Part D Implementation and Associated Health Impact Among Older Adults in the United States.

This study examined the effect of Medicare (Part D) implementation on health outcomes among U.S. older adults. Study participants were initially extracted from the 2004-2008 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Data from respondents who further participated in the HRS 2005-2007 Prescription Drug Study were analyzed (N = 746). This was a retrospective pre-post design with a treatment and a control group. The difference-in-differences approach with panel ordered logistic regressions was used to examine the Part D effect on three patient health outcomes before and after the implementation, controlling for patient sociodemographic characteristics. People with continuous Part D enrollment from 2006-2008 were less likely to have a worse self-rated health than those who were not enrolled in Part D (odds ratio [OR] = 0.48; p < .05). A higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score was associated with a higher likelihood of having worse self-rated overall health, worse mental health, and worse activities of daily living impairment (ORs = 1.12, 1.17, and 1.36, respectively; all ps < .001). The Part D implementation appears to have a positive effect on older adults' overall health outcomes. A decrease in out-of-pocket cost for health care may encourage older adults to utilize more needed medications, which in turn helped maintain better health.
Pow, Punch, Pika, and Chu : The Structure of Sound Effects in Genres of American Comics and Japanese Manga

As multimodal works, comics are characterized as much by their use of language as by the style of their images. Sound effects in particular are exemplary of comics’ language-use, and we explored this facet of comics by analyzing a corpus of books from genres in the United States (mainstream and independent) and Japan (shonen/boys’ and shojo/girls’). We found variation between genres and between cultures across several properties of the content and presentation of sound effects. Foremost, significant differences arose between the lexical categories of sound effects (ex. onomatopoetic: Pow! vs. descriptive: Punch!) between genres within both culture’s works. Additionally, genres in Japanese manga vary in the scripts used to write sound effects in Japanese (hiragana vs. katakana). We argue that, in English, a similar function is communicated through the presence or absence of textual font stylization. Altogether, these aspects of variation mark sound effects as important carriers of multimodal information, and provide distinctions by which genres and cultures of comics can be distinguished.
Gene Expression Profiling Distinguishes Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Patients Presenting with Familial Disease, Advanced IPSS Prognostic Score, and Previous Treatment with Rituximab.

Abstract 3930 Poster Board III-866 Background The use of gene expression profiling (GEP) was used to dissect the molecular profile of Waldenstrom9s macroglobulinemia. Bone marrow CD19+ cells from 22 WM patients and 8 healthy donor (HD) were used in these studies, with application of analytics geared toward non-normally distributed data. Patient characteristics were as follows: median age 64 years; bone marrow disease involvement 35%; serum IgM 3,295 mg/dl; beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) 2.7 mg/L; WM ISS Prognostic Score 2. Four patients (18%) previously received rituximab, and 4 (18%) patients had a family history of WM and/or related B-cell disorders. Materials and Methods GEP was performed using the Affymetrix U133 plus 2 platform on CD19+ selected, CD138 depleted bone marrow cells. Array quality checks, normalization, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering were conducted using dChip (Li and Wong 2001 PNAS). These results were then used for further analysis via custom perl scripts that used 10,000 resampled groups to calculate bootstrap percentile based 95% confidence intervals (CI) for both mean and median values. Comparisons between groups were evaluated using approximate permutation testing. To help identify potential biomarkers, absence/presence calls from DCHIP based on the perfect match vs. mismatch comparisons were tabulated for each group and the contingency table resulting from group comparisons were analyzed using a Fisher9s exact test. A gene was considered significant if 50% of its probes displayed at least a 2-fold change, mutual exclusion of means/median values and respective 95% CI, and p Results Significantly down regulated genes included DLL1 (-13.5 fold, expressed 0% WM vs. 88% HD, P Conclusions The results of these studies demonstrate differential expression of several novel genes in WM including g protein coupled receptors and genes involved in interferon signaling. Importantly, these studies demonstrate for the first time differential expression of several gene candidates involved in B-cell differentiation that distinguish sporadic versus familial WM. Moreover, GEP revealed a unique profile for patients presenting with poor prognostic disease. Lastly, these studies reveal the up-regulation of 2 tumor suppressor genes, and the anti-apoptotic gene MCL-2 in WM patients treated with rituximab. The findings of these studies therefore have important implications in the pathogenesis, prognostication and treatment of WM. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine as an Anticancer Vaccine: Collaborative Efforts to Promote Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in the National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program

Abstract Widespread use of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has the potential to reduce incidence from HPV-associated cancers. However, vaccine uptake among adolescents remains well below the Healthy People 2020 targets. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (NCCCP) awardees are well positioned to work with immunization programs to increase vaccine uptake. The CDC chronic disease management information system was queried for objectives and activities associated with HPV vaccine that were reported by NCCCP awardees from 2013 to 2016 as part of program reporting requirements. A content analysis was conducted on the query results to categorize interventions according to strategies outlined in The Guide to Community Preventive Services and the 2014 President's Cancer Panel report. Sixty-two percent of NCCCP awardees had planned or implemented at least one activity since 2013 to address low HPV vaccination coverage in their jurisdictions. Most ...
Chemically imaging bacteria with super-resolution SERS on ultra-thin silver substrates

Plasmonic hotspots generate a blinking Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) effect that can be processed using Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) algorithms for super-resolved imaging. Furthermore, by imaging through a diffraction grating, STORM algorithms can be modified to extract a full SERS spectrum, thereby capturing spectral as well as spatial content simultaneously. Here we demonstrate SERS and STORM combined in this way for super-resolved chemical imaging using an ultra-thin silver substrate. Images of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria taken with this technique show excellent agreement with scanning electron microscope images, high spatial resolution at <50 nm, and spectral SERS content that can be correlated to different regions. This may be used to identify unique chemical signatures of various cells. Finally, because we image through as-deposited, ultra-thin silver films, this technique requires no nanofabrication beyond a single deposition and looks at the cell samples from below. This allows direct imaging of the cell/substrate interface of thick specimens or imaging samples in turbid or opaque liquids since the optical path doesn’t pass through the sample. These results show promise that super-resolution chemical imaging may be used to differentiate chemical signatures from cells and could be applied to other biological structures of interest.
Rainer Walter Guillery. 28 August 1929—7 April 2017

Rainer (Ray) Guillery was a remarkably productive neuroscientist and as such left an indelible mark on the field, both in terms of his direct contributions and also through his success at mentoring and nurturing young scholars who went on to successful careers of their own. Ray9s work profoundly advanced our understanding of the related fields of development and thalamocortical functioning; his work was highly imaginative and insightful; and he was a cherished colleague and role model for his many former students and friends in the field. Ray9s scholarly efforts were carried out on three continents. He trained initially in London and, after serving on the faculties at the Universities of Wisconsin and Chicago in the United States, he returned to England at the University of Oxford. After retiring from his Oxford post, he went back as a visiting scholar to the University of Wisconsin, and then moved to a post at the University of Marmara in Turkey, which is located in the Asian sector of Istanbul. He finally returned to Oxford in an emeritus capacity and remained there until his death.
Corrupted Innocence, Sacred Violence, and Gynoid Becomings: The Monstrous-Feminine on the Gaming Scene

This chapter examines the monstrous-feminine in the first installments of three survival horror video game franchises: Silent Hill, Fatal Frame, and Siren. Dumas situates these games amid media discourses that emerged in the wake of two eruptions of violence in mid-1990s Japan: the Aum Shinrikyō sarin gas attack and the Kobe child murders. Dumas explores sexual difference as a device for elaborating fears that emerged following these events, with emphasis on how the conservative gender ideologies visible in these games mirror discourses on “proper” Japanese nationhood. Dumas also explores these titles in terms of the tension between their content and their form to consider the pleasure of gaming as a practice that subverts traditional identity categories by facilitating the meeting of technology and the body.
Optimum Management Contracting, Agency Problem and the Size of the Firm: A Background Analysis

This paper provides some basic ideas toward constructing an alternative framework for settling up the incurrence of agency costs in an enterprise. We first solve for the optimum amount of shirk consumption under the classical and managerial theories of the firm and then extend the analysis to situations where monitoring activities exist.
Volunteers and the Great Unknown: Interview with Clinical-Trial Participants

First-person reports explain why individuals—both healthy and ill—agree to participate in human-subjects research. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
A California Model of Joint Action: Influencing Legislation through Cooperation.

The International Year of Disabled Persons (1981) heralded immense changes in laws and funding that affect visually handicapped people and professionals in the field of blindness, and the process c...
Factorial Analysis of Physique and Performance in Prepubescent Boys

Abstract The principal axes of an intercorrelation matrix (n = 37) of physique and performance data from 95 boys 7–11 years of age were located and rotated to an oblique simple structure in order to determine the nature of the factors involved in the physique of young boys and the relationships between these factors and performance. With the influence of body size virtually nullified by the rotation procedures, three type factors of physique were observed: one related to growth in transverse directions and adipose tissue, and two related to growth in vertical dimensions. Three factors related to motor performance were isolated: power, endurance, and dynamic shoulder strength. The morphological and performance measurements were found to be essentially unrelated.
The long-term U.S. study--a report on outcome and tolerance.

Altogether 1,912 patients have been enrolled in studies of nabumetone in the United States. They were all patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. After completing participation within randomised studies patients were entered into an open study which continued for up to five years. These cases provide longterm efficacy and safety data for the use of nabumetone. About 25% of patients were withdrawn because of lack of efficacy; most of these withdrawals were in the first year of therapy. There was a similar picture with side-effects. About 12% of patients were withdrawn, mostly in the first year. Many patients continued to take nabumetone for five years without adverse effects and with continuing efficacy. The numbers of patients in whom nabumetone was stopped due to lack of efficacy or an adverse reaction was similar in those aged over 65 years and in patients aged less than 65 years. These results show that nabumetone is a safe and effective anti-inflammatory drug in long term clinical use.
Structural Transformation and Labor Market Performance in Ghana

Structural transformation can spur economic growth and development if it increases overall productivity growth. A labor market environment that enables workers and enterprises to transition smoothly across sectors and into more productive economic pursuits can enhance the effect of structural transformation on economic growth. This study examines Ghana’s recent record of structural transformation and labor market performance. Based on the findings, the study proposes ways to further transform the country’s economy, in a way that stimulates stronger, sustained growth and produces gainful, productive, and inclusive private employment. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated global economic crisis have posed a substantial setback to Ghana’s economic progress and plans, but these challenges also underscore the need for structural transformation that can both strengthen economic performance and improve labor conditions and outcomes.
Utilization of MOSES Modulated Pulse Mode Results in Improved Efficiency in Holmium:YAG Laser Ablation of the Prostate.

Abstract Objective To determine if MOSES technology improves efficiency and short-term outcomes in holmium laser ablation of the prostate (HoLAP). Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent HoLAP between August 2016 and November 2019 was conducted. All procedures before and after the implementation of MOSES technology at our institution were evaluated. Preoperative patient characteristics and intraoperative data were collected. Postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, and postvoid residual measurements at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively were analyzed. Results This cohort included 65 males who underwent HoLAP, 32 without and 33 with MOSES. Patients in the MOSES group were slightly older, but no other differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the two groups. Ablation time was similar at 49.6 ± 26.1 minutes without and 40.7 ± 41.2 minutes with MOSES (P = .38). However, HoLAP with MOSES had significantly higher ablation efficiency (0.59 ± 0.24 g/min without vs 0.86 0.5 g/min with MOSES, P = .01). On multivariable regression modeling, HoLAP without MOSES added 12 minutes to operating time (estimate 12.3, standard error 3.44, P Conclusion Utilization of MOSES technology resulted in improved efficiency in HoLAP, translating into time savings in the operating room. Postoperative outcomes out to 3 months were similar among patients who underwent the procedure utilizing either laser pulse mode. Further studies are needed to investigate long-term outcomes as the use of MOSES is likely to become more commonly utilized.
The research impact of Dr. Jagdish Sheth

The authors analyze the publication record of Jagdish Sheth to grasp his impact. As of January 2019, Sheth’s total Google citations were over 44,000. Analysis suggests that Sheth’s impact is deep, ...
Internet Use Behavior Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Chronic Illnesses.

Abstract Purpose Approximately 25% of adolescents and young adults (AYA) have special healthcare needs. Transitioning from a pediatric to an adult model of healthcare is an important event but most AYA with special health care needs and their families do not receive the preparation and support they need to transition to adult care. The purpose of this scoping review was to determine how AYA use the internet for health-related information. Methods Three databases were used CINAHL, Medline and PsycINFO with search terms including adolescent, young adult, chronic illness, internet, social media. Inclusion criteria were articles focused on AYA (16–25), use of internet or social media for health-related information, published in English between 2005 and 2020. Initial search yielded 369 articles, 335 were eliminated as not meeting the inclusion criteria. Findings Of the 34 remaining, 14 were eligible for inclusion. AYA used the internet for health concerns, socializing, entertainment, homework, general information, and shopping. AYA expressed concerns about disclosing personal health information and potential misinformation on websites. Few used it to look up their diagnosed condition or talk to illness peers. AYA report they also get information from non-internet sources like providers, parents, and peers. Conclusions AYA have a need for health-related information. When planning online resources critical issues include perceived threats to privacy and security and quality of information. Online resources must address these issues so AYA consumers can have confidence in their website.
Factors affecting dental students' postgraduate plans: A multi-site study.

PURPOSE This multi-site study examined dental students' postgraduate plans and factors affecting them, perceptions of pathways with the best future, and whether those postgraduate plans changed during dental school. METHODS An online survey was made available to all four dental classes (2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021) and advanced standing/international dental students at eight US dental schools. The survey questionnaire consisted of two parts: (1) 14 questions pertaining to demographic information and (2) 11 questions pertaining to career path choices and possible influencing factors. RESULTS Overall response rate was approximately 38.4% (1459/3800). For those responding 34.0% planned to enroll in a general dentistry residency, followed by associate dentist in a private practice (31.4%), and specialty residency (17.6%). Quality of life, to increase knowledge/clinical skills, and intellectual satisfaction were most often rated extremely important factors; Influence of family members in dentistry and prestigious specialty received the most responses of not important. General dentistry was perceived to have the best future in terms of overall impact on the profession, potential for positive impact on patient's quality of life, and personal quality of life; oral and maxillofacial surgery was believed to have the best future in terms of salary. Students changed their postgraduate plan during dental school 43.0% of the time, with race (p = 0.006) and year of progress toward degree (p < 0.001) being significant associations. CONCLUSIONS General dentistry remains the most popular pathway. Many dental students change their plans during dental school; a better understanding of these trends and contributing factors may aid development of practice readiness curricula.
The HrpX Protein Activates Synthesis of the RaxX Sulfopeptide, Required for Activation of XA21-Mediated Immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Upon encountering a susceptible plant host, a bacterial pathogen expresses specific virulence factors. For example, in planta, the Xanthomonas HrpX protein activates transcription of roughly 150 ge...
Deproliferation Dynamics : : Why States Give Up Nuclear Weapons Programs

My dissertation focuses on the conditions under which states that have embarked on nuclear weapons programs choose to stop their exploration. Since 1945, nearly three times as many states have stopped nuclear weapons activity after an initial pursuit than have maintained their weapons programs. Adapting models from the crisis bargaining literature, this project formalizes the bargaining dynamic between prospective proliferators and the international community. States with lower values for acquiring nuclear weapons are more likely to accept rewards as are those states with higher values for nuclear weapons who believe the use of force is more likely against their program. Threats to use force or sanction states are more likely to be made against states with a higher value for acquiring weapons and, thus, are likely to be unsuccessful in persuading them against the pursuit of nuclear weapons. Using a new dataset on all nuclear weapons activity from 1945-2007, this dissertation tests these hypotheses regarding the proposed determinants of nuclear deproliferation using a spectrum of positive and negative inducements. This analysis suggests that political and military rewards are associated with a positive increase in the probability of nuclear reversal while, contrary to conventional wisdom, the use of economic sanctions and military force may reduce the likelihood that a state will deproliferate. This suggests a re-evaluation of traditional nonproliferation policy and a closer examination of tools that the international community can use to alter proliferation behavior
Distributed quadtree processing

Quadtrees have been widely used in computer vision, spatial database, and related area due to their compactness and regularity. It has long been claimed that quadtree related algorithms are suitable for parallel and distributed implementation, but only little work has been done to justify this claim. The simple input partitioning method used in low level image processing could not be equally applied to distributed quadtree processing since it suffers the problem of load imbalance. Load balancing is one of the most crucial issues in distributed processing. In the context of distributed quadtree processing, it appears at various stages of processing in different forms; each requires its own solutions. The diversity in approaches to load balancing is further multiplied by the differences in the characteristics of types of data represented by,and spatial operations performed on quadtrees. In this paper, we propose a new approach to distributed quadtree processing using a task queue mechanism. We discuss dynamic load balancing and related issues in the context of distributed quadtree processing, and provide possible solutions. The proposed algorithms have been implemented on the Nectar system (currently being developed at Carnegie Mellon). Experimental results are also included in the paper.