cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Meta-analysis of Positive Rates of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Chinese Nndergraduate Students During 2007 to 2014

Objective To explore the detection rates of hepatitis B surface antigen in Chinese undergraduate students. Methods CNKI,Wan Fang,Pub Med,and EMBASE databases were searched for articles published on the detection rates of the hepatitis B surface antigen; Stata 9. 0 was used to analyze the detection rates and evaluate the hepatitis B surface antigen carrier status in Chinese undergraduate students during 2007 to 2014. Results 55 publications were selected including 778983 samples and 57269 positive hepatitis B surface antigen were found. Male total sample size included319572 and HBs Ag positive number included 26678; female total sample size included 261398 and HBs Ag positive number included 15571. Meta-analysis results showed that the total,male,and female positive detection rate of hepatitis B surface antigen was 7%( 6. 1% ~ 7. 9%),7. 9%( 6. 8% ~ 8. 9%),and 5. 3%( 4. 4% ~ 6. 1%) in Chinese college students,respectively. Conclusion The positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen in Chinese female college students is lower than that of the male college students. In order to prevent the spread of hepatitis B virus in campus,should strengthen hepatitis B vaccination work,at the same time,the route of transmission of hepatitis B to carry out targeted health education.
Pulsed excimer laser melting of thin silicon films

Pulsed laser irradiation is employed over a wide spectrum of materials processing applications, such as surface hardening, alloying, curing, and synthesis of compound and superconductor films. Interactions of pulsed laser irradiation with matter may lead to controlled phase change transformations and material structure modifications. In semiconductor systems, it is used to anneal ion-implantation surface damage, recrystallize amorphous and polycrystalline films, and enhance dopand diffusion. Both experimental and computational investigations of pulsed laser interactions with semiconductor materials have been performed. Time-of-flight method,1 transient conductance measurements,2,3 nanosecond-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements,4 and time-resolved reflectivity measurements5 have been applied to obtain quantities such as surface temperature, melt penetration, melt-duration times and melt-front velocities. Numerical heat transfer computations were used to indirectly obtain the transient temperature field. All the above experimental results were interpreted by numerical simulations to show that the pulsed laser irradiation of semiconductors in the nanosecond time regime is a thermal phenomenon.
The Decline of Southern Yellow Pine Timberland

The South has lost 16 million acres of southern yellow pine timberland since 1953. Factors contributing to the decline include suppression of wildfires, reduced prescribed burning, southern pine beetles, urban development, high-grading, and a lack of artificial regeneration on privately owned timberlands. Tree-planting programs on agricultural lands have helped slow the decline, and according to the Southern Forest Resource Assessment, an increase in southern yellow pine timberland could occur if 23 million acres of former cropland and pastureland were planted to pines during the next four decades. Such an effort would likely require subsidies.
Engineering levoglucosan metabolic pathway in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 for lipid production

Oleaginous strains of Rhodococcus including R. jostii RHA1 have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAGs), robust growth properties and genetic tractability. In this study, a novel metabolic pathway was introduced into R. jostii by heterogenous expression of the well-characterized gene, lgk encoding levoglucosan kinase from Lipomyces starkeyi YZ-215. This enables the recombinant R. jostii RHA1 to produce TAGs from the anhydrous sugar, levoglucosan, which can be generated efficiently as the major molecule from the pyrolysis of cellulose. The recombinant R. jostii RHA1 could grow on levoglucosan as the sole carbon source, and the consumption rate of levoglucosan was determined. Furthermore, expression of one more copy of lgk increased the enzymatic activity of LGK in the recombinant. However, the growth performance of the recombinant bearing two copies of lgk on levoglucosan was not improved. Although expression of lgk in the recombinants was not repressed by the glucose present in the media, glucose in the sugar mixture still affected consumption of levoglucosan. Under nitrogen limiting conditions, lipid produced from levoglucosan by the recombinant bearing lgk was up to 43.54 % of the cell dry weight, which was comparable to the content of lipid accumulated from glucose. This work demonstrated the technical feasibility of producing lipid from levoglucosan, an anhydrosugar derived from the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials, by the genetically modified rhodococci strains.
Gender, social salience, and social performance: how women pursue and perform in social ventures

AbstractWe investigate how women that start organizations contribute to the creation of social value in communities and society. We draw on theory from gender self-schemas and social identity theory to explain how women with a female gender-self schema have a natural inclination to create organizations with social goals and intentions in mind. We label these social goals and intentions as social salience and draw on goal theory and existing understandings on intentions to explain how the presence of a social salience in an organization is related to the social performance of their organization. Utilizing structural equation modeling, we show that gender positively influences social salience that subsequently has a positive relationship with the social performance of the organization. We also show that social salience fully mediates the relationship between gender and social performance implying that gender alone is not enough to explain the social performance of an organization. We conclude by highlightin...
Growth of conformal graphene cages on micrometre-sized silicon particles as stable battery anodes

Micrometre-size silicon particles are desirable battery anode materials but are even more prone to structure degradation than nanoscale particles. Here, graphene cages grown conformally around the micro-silicon particles are shown to improve their cycling stability.
Controlled synthesis and magnetic properties of hard magnetic CoxC (x=2, 3) nanocrystals

We report our recent results in synthesis and characterization of cobalt carbide (Co3C and Co2C) nanoparticles and nanowires. The synthesis methods were based on a simple one-pot tetraethylene glycol reduction process. By changing the synthesis parameters, the nanocrystal morphology can be adjusted from nanoparticles with different size to nanowires. The magnetic properties of the nanostructure and their correlation to the crystalline structures and the nanoscale morphology have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is revealed that the properties are related to both the crystal structures and the morphology.
Unseeded Velocity Measurements Around a Transonic Airfoil Using Femtosecond Laser Tagging

Femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) velocimetry was used to study the flowfield around a symmetric, transonic airfoil in the NASA Langley 0.3-m TCT facility. A nominal Mach number of 0.85 was investigated with a total pressure of 125 kPa and total temperature of 280 K. Two-components of velocity were measured along vertical profiles at different locations above, below, and aft of the airfoil at angles of attack of 0°, 3.5°, and 7°. Velocity profiles within the wake showed sufficient accuracy, precision, and sensitivity to resolve both the mean and fluctuating velocities and general flow physics such as shear layer growth. Evidence of flow separation is found at high angles of attack. Velocity measurements were assessed for their accuracy, precision, dynamic range, spatial resolution, and overall measurement uncertainty as they relate to the present experiments. Measurement precisions as low as 1 m/s were observed, while the velocity dynamic range was found to be nearly a factor of 500. The spatial resolution of between 1 mm and 5 mm was found to be primarily limited by the FLEET spot size and advection of the flow. Overall measurement uncertainties ranged from 3 to 4 percent.
Effects of feather-fiber reinforcement on poly(vinyl alcohol)/clay aerogels: Structure, property and applications

Abstract A series of low density, highly porous clay/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite aerogels, incorporating keratin fibers derived from chicken feathers, were fabricated via a convenient and eco-friendly freeze drying method. The introduction of keratin fibers improved the mechanical performance, as well as decreased thermal conductivities, allowing these materials to have potential utility in thermal insulation. Different types of bio-fibers have been compared to confirm the unique and important role of keratin fibers; various processing conditions were applied in order to study processing/structure/property relationships in these materials. The mechanical and thermal insulation properties have been demonstrated to increase with amount of keratin fibers.
Males mate with multiple females to increase offspring numbers in a nursery web spider

Male spiders wrap femaleâ€™s legs in silk before mating to increase their likelihood of surviving a femaleâ€™s cannibalistic attack. We demonstrate that surviving such an attack allows males to acquire future matings. Mating with multiple females in the laboratory increased malesâ€™ offspring production. Using demographic data, we constructed a mathematical model that suggests that males have the opportunity to mate with multiple partners in our population given that female encounter rates are sufficiently high.
Sex Steroid Hormones and Differential Risk for Eating Pathology: A Review of Genetic and Phenotypic Effects Across Development

Eating disorders and their core symptoms (e.g. binge eating, weight/shape concerns) become prominent during puberty and disproportionately affect females. This review evaluates evidence for phenotypic and genetic effects of sex steroid hormones on differential vulnerability to eating pathology. Accumulating data suggest that perinatal testosterone exerts an initial bout of protection that decreases risk for eating pathology in males, relative to females. The subsequent exposure to circulating androgens (e.g. testosterone), during puberty and adulthood, appears to provide additional protective effects that serve to further reduce risk for eating pathology in most males. Conversely, the absence of perinatal testosterone, coupled with low pubertal estradiol and the post-pubertal cyclical circulation of ovarian hormones, creates hormonal milieus that enhance eating pathology in vulnerable females.
RobinHood: tail latency-aware caching—dynamically reallocating from cache-rich to cache-poor

Tail latency is of great importance in user-facing web services. However, maintaining low tail latency is challenging, because a single request to a web application server results in multiple queries to complex, diverse backend services (databases, recommender systems, ad systems, etc.). A request is not complete until all of its queries have completed. We analyze a Microsoft production system and find that backend query latencies vary by more than two orders of magnitude across backends and over time, resulting in high request tail latencies.We propose a novel solution for maintaining low request tail latency: repurpose existing caches to mitigate the effects of backend latency variability, rather than just caching popular data. Our solution, RobinHood, dynamically reallocates cache resources from the cache-rich (backends which don't affect request tail latency) to the cache-poor (backends which affect request tail latency). We evaluate RobinHood with production traces on a 50- server cluster with 20 different backend systems. Surprisingly, we find that RobinHood can directly address tail latency even if working sets are much larger than the cache size. In the presence of load spikes, RobinHood meets a 150ms P99 goal 99.7% of the time, whereas the next best policy meets this goal only 70% of the time.
Persistent left superior vena cava identified by transesophageal echocardiography

A 70-year-old female with severe aortic stenosis presented for aortic valve replacement and underwent routine preoperative Swan-Ganz catheter placement. Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a dilated coronary sinus with a catheter present. A high suspicion of venous anomaly prompted an agitated saline study. Flow through the coronary sinus into the right atrium was observed, confirming the presence of a persistent left superior vena cava. Although the persistent left superior vena cava has a low prevalence in the general population, it is one of the most common thoracic venous anomalies. During central venous cannulation, the presence of venous anomalies increases procedural complication rates. Fortunately, our patient remained asymptomatic both before and after catheter insertion. Awareness of this anomaly could help clinicians avoid complications.
T-bone whacks and caviar snacks: cooking with two Texans in Siberia and the Russian Far East

Among the benefits (and problems) one experiences when traveling as an innocent abroad is that you quickly become less innocent. Turn that experience up to 11 by leaving the United States just afte...
When Archives Have Artifacts: From Inventory to Cataloging at the Associated Press Corporate Archives

AbstractThe Associated Press Corporate Archives, located at its New York City headquarters, is the repository for the organization’s permanently valuable records, regardless of format. One importan...
Toward point-of-care diagnostics of Candida auris

Abstract Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant yeast that presents global health threat for the hospitalized patients. Early diagnostic of C. auris is crucial in control, prevention, and treatment. Candida auris is difficult to identify with standard laboratory methods and often can be misidentified leading to inappropriate management. A newly-devised real-time PCR assay played an important role in the ongoing investigation of the C. auris outbreak in New York metropolitan area. The assay can rapidly detect C. auris DNA in surveillance and clinical samples with high sensitivity and specificity, and also useful for confirmation of C. auris cultures. Despite its positive impact, the real-time PCR assay is difficult to deploy at frontline laboratories due to high-complexity set-up and operation. Using a low-cost handheld real-time PCR device, we show that the C. auris can potentially be identified in a low-complexity assay without the need for high-cost equipment. An implementation of low-cost real-time PCR device in hospitals and healthcare facilities is likely to accelerate the diagnosis of C. auris and for control of the global epidemic.
Physiological responses to cisplatin using a mouse hypersensitivity model

Background: The physiological mechanisms underlying the development of respiratory hypersensitivity to cisplatin (CDDP) are not well-understood. It has been suggested that these reactions are likel...
The Association of Prescriber Awareness of Opioid Consumption Trends with Postoperative Opioid Prescription Volume in Hip Arthroscopy: Prescriber Awareness of Opioid Consumption.

Purpose To evaluate the impact of prescriber knowledge of 6-week postoperative opioid usage trends on postoperative opioid prescribing in hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Methods Two groups of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome with the same 2 surgeons were defined. One group preceded study design and implementation and 1 group was after study completion termed the preawareness group (n = 129) and awareness group (n = 130). Baseline clinical and operative characteristics and cumulative 6-week postoperative opioid prescription amount in oral morphine equivalents (OMEs), initial discharge OMEs, and cumulative 6-week postoperative opioid refills were recorded. Multivariable models were constructed to evaluate the impact of provider awareness of opioid usage along with the other baseline characteristics previously mentioned on the outcomes of postoperative opioid prescribing. Results Preawareness group (365.8 additional OMEs; 95% confidence interval [CI], 132.6-599; P = .002), preoperative opioid usage (506.2 additional OMEs; 95% CI, 268.0-744.3; P < .001), postoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (-664.6 additional OMEs; -1002.6 to -326.6; P < .001), and Caucasian race (-597.5 additional OMEs; 95% CI, -914.8 to -280.2; P < .001) were significantly associated with 6-week postoperative opioid prescribing. Caucasian race (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.18-0.86; P = .02) was associated with lower odds of additional postoperative opioid prescriptions whereas preoperative opioid usage (odds ratio, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.4-4.36; P = .002) was associated with increased odds of additional postoperative opioid prescriptions. Conclusions Patients in the awareness group received significantly lower opioid volume without an increase in overall prescription numbers. Level of Evidence III, prognostic, retrospective comparative study.
No Easy Answers in Allocating Unapproved COVID-19 Drugs Outside Clinical Trials.

In our Target Article, “Ethically Allocating COVID-19 Drugs via Pre-Approval Access and Emergency Use Authorization,” we tackle unique allocation challenges at the intersection of research and clin...
BRCA1 and PALB2 in a messy breakup

Mutations in the BRCA1 gene cause an extremely high lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer, but the exact mechanism by which the BRCA1 protein acts to prevent cancer onset remains unclear. In this edition of Cancer Research, Park and colleagues describe a new mouse model featuring a single amino acid substitution in the coiled-coil motif of BRCA1. This change prevents BRCA1 from interacting with PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2), causing rapid cancer onset and a loss of blood cells similar to Fanconi anemia.See related article by Park et al., p. 4172.
Dynamically-Allocated Memory and Linked Lists

This chapter and Chap. 12 present the reader with topics that may be considered to be of intermediate advancement, and are not always covered in beginning programming texts. Nevertheless, they are important to know for the reader’s further education in computer programming. More importantly, they serve to significantly strengthen a reader’s understanding of the topics covered in this book up to this point, as well as raise her/his confidence in her/his programming ability. This chapter covers dynamic allocation of memory, and how it can be used to build and manipulate linked lists. Linked lists are alternatives to arrays that can be grown and shrunk by the program at run-time as the need arises.
Abstract PO-003: Bivalent histone modifications: Clinical targets against pancreatic cancer stem cell heterogeneity

Bivalent histone modifications, the pre-transcriptional regulators were known as the chief orchestra underlining the mechanism of development for pancreatic cancer stem cells (PANCSCs) recently. The histone bivalency methylations are related to the transcriptional activation as well as repression of the prominent histone methylations (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) at the transcript start sequence (TSS). These epigenetic changes are recognized to initiate heterogenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) reprogramming. Recent studies showed that the heterogenic CSCs are more resistant to anti-tumor drug therapy. Our previous study showed the relationship between bivalent histone modifications with the expression of pancreatic CSCs(CD44, CD24, CD133, Ep-CAM, ALDH1A3). Our current study is focused on the importance of designing anti-cancer drugs or epigenetic small molecules against bivalent histone modifications (to inhibit the upregulation of H3K4me3 or down-regulation of H3K27me3) related the expression of heterogenic pancreatic CSCs (CD44, CD24, CD133, Ep-CAM, ALDH1A3). The Cancer Stem Cells Therapeutic Target Database Version 2.0 (CSCTTv2.0) reported the high CD133 as PAN CSCs and high CD133, CD44 showed resistance to anticancer drugs (such as docetaxel, 5-FU, irinotecan, oxaliplatin) in many cancers. The Gemcitabine, a nucleoside analog, and Metformin are only drugs used for pancreatic cancer treatment and showed resistance against heterogenic PANCSCs. The biological informatics analyses (Cytoscape database, HPIDb, Spike, BioGrid, Reactome, MBInfo) were deployed in our study to find the effect of bivalent histone modifications on the TSS of the target genes in heterogenic PANCSCs and we found the effect at TSS of target genes CD44, and EZH2/ENX1. We also found a novel small molecule KY-02111 has an effect to reduce the expression of heterogenic PANCSCs at tumorigenic in vitro 3D spheroids model of PANC-1ORGR (Gemcitabine resistant) cells. Therefore, our preliminary study may give an important clue to find further the role of KY-02111 against the heterogenic pancreatic CSCs by inhibiting the upregulation of H3K4me3 or down-regulation of H3K27me3 as a clinical target for pancreatic cancer therapy. Citation Format: Madhumita Das, Mayur Doke, Edwin Gonzalez, Daima Diaz, Bryan Pineda, Jonathan Celli, Marco Ruiz, Jayanta K. Das. Bivalent histone modifications: Clinical targets against pancreatic cancer stem cell heterogeneity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-003.
The Role of Polymer–Ion Interaction Strength on the Viscoelasticity and Conductivity of Solvent-Free Polymer Electrolytes

Metal–ligand coordinating polymers utilize labile bonds between polymer-bound ligands and free cations to delocalize and conduct mono and multivalent metal ions in the solid state. These interactio...
The Year of the Nurse and COVID-19: Editorial

Fahs reflects on American Nurses Association's theme for 2020, The Year of the Nurse, and on the role of nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic She states that the experiences of nurses in 2020, working in a pandemic, adds meaning to the phrase Nurses continue to be highly respected professionals and the resilience and determination of nurses has been readily evident in this pandemic Nurses work in many roles including direct patient care, public health and education to name only a few and there is no nursing role where the pandemic has not had an impact
An Observation of Corn Tar Spot Dispersal from Agricultural Fields to an Isolated Urban Plot

Tar spot of corn is a fairly new disease to the United States, and since its introduction in 2015 it has spread to over 310 counties across nine states. Little is understood of the biology and epid...
Early Graft Loss after Deceased-Donor Kidney Transplantation: What Are the Consequences?

Background Decreasing kidney discards continues to be of paramount importance for improving organ transplant access, but transplantation of nonideal deceased donor kidneys may have higher inherent risks of early graft loss (EGL). Patients with EGL (defined as graft failure within 90 days after transplant) are allowed reinstatement of waiting time according to United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) policy. The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes for patients experiencing EGL. Study design We performed a single center retrospective review of adult deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT)-alone recipients from 2001 to 2018, comparing those with EGL (including primary nonfunction [PNF]) to those without. Results EGL occurred in 103 (5.5%) of 1,868 patients, including 57 (55%) PNF, 25 (24%) deaths, 16 (16%) thrombosis, 3 (3%) rejection, and 2 (2%) disease recurrence. Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) > 85% and donation after circulatory death (DCD) DDKTs did not increase risk of either EGL or PNF unless combined with prolonged cold ischemic time (CIT). For KDPI >85% with CIT >24 hours, the risk of EGL or PNF was tripled (EGL odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% CI 1.6–5.2; PNF OR3.6, 95% CI1.7–7.7). For DCD with CIT > 24 hours, increased risks were likewise seen for EGL (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.3), and PNF (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5–7). One-year and 5-year patient survival rates were 60% and 50% after EGL, 80% and 73% after PNF, and 99% and 87% for controls, respectively. Only 24% of either EGL or PNF patients underwent retransplantation. Conclusions EGL and PNF were associated with low retransplantation rates and inferior patient survival. Prolonged CIT compounds risks associated with KDPI > 85% and DCD donor kidneys. Therefore, policies promoting rapid allocation and increased local use of these kidneys should be considered.
Multi-level trading community formation and hybrid trading network construction in local energy market

Abstract Community-based trading structures play important roles in the development of local energy market (LEM). In this paper, a decentralized optimization model for the trading community formation is proposed based on the Lp-box consensus alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), where the network features of the physical systems are explicitly represented by power loss and wheeling charging in local and regional trading level, respectively. The framework for multi-level hybrid trading network construction is introduced involving three different trading modes, i.e, traditional trading mode, agent-based trading mode and peer-to-peer (P2P) trading mode, and two hybrid trading networks, namely Traditional trading & Agent based trading (TA) and Traditional trading & Peer-to-peer trading & Agent based trading (TPA), are developed based on the trading community formation results. The corresponding profit allocation schemes are also presented for the TA and TPA hybrid trading networks respectively. A set of complex network indices is applied to analyze the network characteristics of the TA and TPA trading topologies, while the link entropy (LE) index is used to evaluate the edge significance of the communication relationship network in maintaining global connectivity. Finally, the proposed models are validated via a test system with six IEEE 33-bus systems connected through the IEEE 9-bus system. The results show that the agent-based strategy can benefit all entities compared with the SDR and contribution-based strategies, while the REO (renewable energy output)-first strategy proposed for P2P pairing is more stimulating for the selling entities with larger REOs than distance-first mode. In addition, the entities’ prices in the bi-level trading are significantly improved compared with those of the single-level trading both for agent-based trading and P2P trading. The complex index values of TA are all slightly greater than those of TPA, and a feeder with fewer managers is likely to have a larger LE value. The proposed models for trading community formation and trading network formation provide significant means for the development of sustainable LEMs.
Choledochal Cyst or Benign Biliary Dilation: Is Resection Always Necessary?

Choledochal cysts (CC) are often diagnosed during the first few decades of life, when, due to the risk of malignancy, resection is advised. With an increasing number of patients undergoing abdominal imaging, many older patients have recently been radiographically diagnosed with biliary duct enlargement that meets the criteria of choledochal cysts. The management in these patients is less well defined, but resection is often recommended as it is for younger patients. We sought to better understand the significance of these biliary duct anomalies in adults. We retrospectively reviewed all patients 18 years and older at our institution, who were given a radiographic diagnosis of choledochal cyst during the interval 2006–2019. Demographics, comorbidities, complications, readmissions, and follow-up imaging were evaluated. We identified 22 patients, of whom 40.9% (n = 9) underwent an operation. The remainder was observed. Median duct size was 15 mm (range 2–25 mm). There were no significant differences in demographics between the two cohorts. Of those who underwent resection, none had evidence of high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma upon final pathology. However, 33.3% (n = 3) had subsequent readmissions for complications, including post-operative nausea and vomiting, cholangitis, and anastomotic stenoses that required stenting. In the observation group, there was no obvious growth of the cysts or development of worrisome features to suggest malignant degeneration (median follow-up = 68 months). A radiographic diagnosis of choledochal cyst in older adults is likely a different entity than those diagnosed in childhood. Close surveillance of these biliary duct anomalies in older adults may be a better option than resection and reconstruction with the associated risks of long-term morbidity.
CO2 geological sequestration in multiscale heterogeneous aquifers: Effects of heterogeneity, connectivity, impurity, and hysteresis

Abstract Fundamental understanding of processes controlling geological carbon sequestration (GCS) requires flow and transport modeling in well-characterized aquifer sedimentary deposits. We use three-dimensional, heterogeneous models based on new field studies which incorporate the most important aspects of multiscale architecture in fluvial aquifers. In addition, we use the associated facies-dependent constitutive relations for both relative permeability and capillary pressure curves and their hysteresis. The novelty of this work is to evaluate how CO2 fate and transport is controlled by (1) the spatial organization, volume proportions, and connectivity of sedimentary facies types, (2) facies-dependent constitutive relations and their hysteretic behavior, and (3) presence and/or absence of dissolved components such as methane (CH4) in brine. Model results suggest that the amounts of snap-off and solubility trapping are enhanced by increasing the volume proportion and degree of connectivity of high-permeability facies types. Results also demonstrate that ignoring relative permeability hysteresis leads to underestimation of snap-off trapping and overestimation of solubility trapping. In contrast, neglecting capillary pressure hysteresis (i.e., non-hysteretic Pc) results in overestimation of snap-off trapping and underestimation of solubility trapping. If capillary pressure is totally neglected (i.e., Pc = 0), the amount of trapped CO2 by snap-off and dissolution are, respectively, overestimated and underestimated. Competitive CO2 and CH4 dissolution in brine results in exsolution of CH4 from the aqueous phase into the gaseous phase. Facies connectivity and constitutive relations are also critical for the transport of exsolved CH4. However, disregarding dissolved CH4 leads to overestimation of CO2 trapping capacities.
Aberrant CREB1 activation in prostate cancer disrupts normal prostate luminal cell differentiation

The molecular mechanisms of luminal cell differentiation are not understood well enough to determine how differentiation goes awry during oncogenesis. Using RNA-Seq analysis, we discovered that CREB1 plays a central role in maintaining new luminal cell survival and that oncogenesis dramatically changes the CREB1-induced transcriptome. CREB1 is active in luminal cells, but not basal cells. We identified ING4 and its E3 ligase, JFK, as CREB1 transcriptional targets in luminal cells. During luminal cell differentiation, transient induction of ING4 expression is followed by a peak in CREB1 activity, while JFK increases concomitantly with CREB1 activation. Transient expression of ING4 is required for luminal cell induction; however, failure to properly down-regulate ING4 leads to luminal cell death. Consequently, blocking CREB1 increased ING4 expression, suppressed JFK, and led to luminal cell death. Thus, CREB1 is responsible for the suppression of ING4 required for luminal cell survival and maintenance. Oncogenic transformation by suppressing PTEN resulted in constitutive activation of CREB1. However, the tumor cells could no longer fully differentiate into luminal cells, failed to express ING4, and displayed a unique CREB1 transcriptome. Blocking CREB1 in tumorigenic cells suppressed tumor growth in vivo, rescued ING4 expression, and restored luminal cell formation, but ultimately induced luminal cell death. IHC of primary prostate tumors demonstrated a strong correlation between loss of ING4 and loss of PTEN. This is the first study to define a molecular mechanism whereby oncogenic loss of PTEN, leading to aberrant CREB1 activation, suppresses ING4 expression causing disruption of luminal cell differentiation.
Phytochemical Nrf2 activator attenuates skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis in a preclinical model of musculoskeletal aging

Musculoskeletal dysfunction is an age-related syndrome associated with impaired mitochondrial function and proteostasis. However, few interventions have tested targeting two drivers of musculoskeletal decline. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that stimulates transcription of cytoprotective genes and improves mitochondrial function. We hypothesized daily treatment with a Nrf2 activator in Hartley guinea pigs, a model of age-related musculoskeletal dysfunction, attenuates the progression of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis, preserving musculoskeletal function. We treated 2-month- and 5-month-old male and female Hartley guinea pigs for 3 and 10 months, respectively, with the phytochemical Nrf2 activator PB125 (Nrf2a). Longitudinal assessments of voluntary mobility were measured using Any-Maze™ open-field enclosure monitoring. Cumulative skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates were measured using deuterium oxide over the final 30 days of treatment. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption in permeabilized soleus muscles was measured using ex vivo high resolution respirometry. In both sexes, Nrf2a 1) increased electron transfer system capacity; 2) attenuated the disease/age-related decline in coupled and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration; and 3) attenuated declines in protein synthesis in the myofibrillar, mitochondrial, and cytosolic subfractions of the soleus. These improvements were not associated with statistically significant prolonged maintenance of voluntary mobility in guinea pigs. Collectively, these results demonstrate that treatment with an oral Nrf2 activator contributes to maintenance of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and proteostasis in a pre-clinical model of musculoskeletal decline. Further investigation is necessary to determine if these improvements are also accompanied by slowed progression of other aspects of musculoskeletal decline.
Bridging Endocrine Therapy for HR+/HER2- Resectable Breast Cancer: Is it Safe?

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has required new treatment paradigms to limit exposures and optimize hospital resources, including the use of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NAET) as bridging therap...
Anterior Bilateral Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation: A Safe Route for Apical Repair.

Objectives Traditionally, sacrospinous ligament fixation is performed unilaterally with a posterior dissection for correction of apical vaginal prolapse. There is limited information on alternative techniques including bilateral application and use of anterior vaginal dissection for this procedure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the anatomic and perioperative outcomes in women who have undergone bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation through an anterior approach. Methods This cohort represents women in our prospective repository who underwent anterior approach bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation between September 2011 and June 2014. Concomitant procedures were performed as indicated. Pelvic organ prolapse quantification points were measured preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively and were compared. Perioperative outcome measures and adverse events were also analyzed. Results In this cohort, 144 women underwent anterior approach to bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation. The patients' mean age was 57.8 ± 10.9 years, and the average body mass index was 29.6 ± 5.8 kg/m. In patients who underwent anterior approach bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation, points Aa, Ba, C, Gh, Ap, and Bp remained at stage I or less when compared with pelvic organ prolapse quantification measurements at the baseline. Perioperative and postoperative complications were minimal, with 1 (0.7%) patient requiring a blood transfusion and 3 (2%) patients suffered from intraoperative lower urinary tract injuries, none of which were attributable to the sacrospinous fixation part of the procedure. Conclusions Anterior approach bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation is a safe and effective procedure for reestablishing apical support in a patient with apical vaginal prolapse.
Ability of the surgical Apgar score to predict acute kidney injury following radical cystectomy.

Abstract Purpose Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after radical cystectomy (RC). Previous literature has shown that intraoperative hemodynamic instability measured via the surgical Apgar score is an independent predictor of major complications following RC. We sought to determine whether the surgical Apgar score is predictive of postoperative AKI. Methods We performed a retrospective review of RC patients at our institution from 2010 to 2017. Intraoperative hemodynamic instability was captured via the Apgar score based on the lowest intraoperative mean arterial blood pressure, lowest heart rate, and estimated blood loss. Patients were divided into 3 groups: high-risk (HR; Apgar ≤4), intermediate-risk (IR; Apgar score 5–6), and low-risk (LR; Apgar score ≥7). AKIs were graded according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. High grade AKIs were defined as KDIGO grade 2 or 3. Categorical variables were assessed using the Pearson Chi-Square test, quantitative with the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of AKI and high grade AKIs within 30 days of RC. Results Eight hundred and seventy-three patients were included with a median follow-up of 35 months. AKI within 30 days was observed in 28% of patients. Predictors of AKI within 30 days on adjusted analysis included IR (OR: 1.83, P = 0.002) and HR (OR: 3.53, P Conclusion Intraoperative hemodynamic instability measured via the Apgar score can be predictive of AKI, which can guide individualized fluid management in the postoperative period.
SOME INFLUENCES ON THE ATTITUDES OF PARENTS OF MENTALLY HANDICAPPED CHILDREN

(1984). SOME INFLUENCES ON THE ATTITUDES OF PARENTS OF MENTALLY HANDICAPPED CHILDREN. The British Journal of Mental Subnormality: Vol. 30, No. 59, pp. 87-91.
Psychopathic traits and aggression: Which trait components predict aggressive responding in a laboratory task?

Abstract Psychopathy is a complex personality disorder comprising traits related to interpersonal and emotional callousness, egocentricity, and manipulativeness, cognitive and behavioral disinhibition, emotional resilience and fearlessness, and a bold interpersonal style. Aggressive behavior is considered by many one of the central behavioral correlates or consequences of psychopathy. In the current study, we examined the relations between psychopathic traits and aggression manifested in a behavioral shock paradigm in two samples (Sample 1: undergraduates — N = 101; Sample 2: community sample — N = 104). Across both samples, traits related to Antagonism and Disinhibition were significantly correlated with aggressive responding within this paradigm (i.e., shocking more frequently, intensely, and for a longer duration). When controlling for the overlap among psychopathy traits, only the Antagonism-related traits were uniquely correlated with aggressive responding. These findings are consistent with a growing literature that suggests that traits related to Antagonism both within psychopathy and a general trait framework are vital to the propensity to act aggressively towards others.
A system dynamics approach to modeling the sensitivity of inappropriate emergency department utilization

Non-urgent Emergency Department utilization has been attributed with increasing congestion in the flow and treatment of patients and, by extension, conditions the quality of care and profitability of the Emergency Department. Interventions designed to divert populations to more appropriate care may be cautiously received by operations managers due to uncertainty about the impact an adopted intervention may have on the two values of congestion and profitability. System Dynamics (SD) modeling and simulation may be used to measure the sensitivity of these two, often-competing, values of congestion and profitability and, thus, provide an additional layer of information designed to inform strategic decision making.
An End in the Beginning

All organisms can keep time, with an internal clock that has a period of just about 24 hours. In his commentary, Dunlap outlines recent research ( including a research article and report in this issue by Gekakis and Darlington) that give us a first molecular glimpse of how the protein components of this clock interact.
There is a Relationship between Resource Expenditures and Reference Transactions in Academic Libraries

A Review of: Dubnjakovic, A. (2012). Electronic resource expenditure and the decline in reference transaction statistics in academic libraries. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 38(2), 94-100. doi: 10.1016/j.acalib.2012.01.001 Objective – To provide an analysis of the impact of expenditures on electronic resources and gate counts on the increase or decrease in reference transactions. Design – Analysis of results of existing survey data from the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) 2006 Academic Library Survey (ALS). Setting – Academic libraries in the United States. Subjects – 3925 academic library respondents. Methods – The author chose to use survey data collected from the 2006 ALS conducted by the NCES. The survey included data on various topics related to academic libraries, but in the case of this study, the author chose to analyze three of the 193 variables included. The three variables: electronic books expenditure, computer hardware and software, and expenditures on bibliographic utilities, were combined into one variable called electronic resource expenditure. Gate counts were also considered as a variable. Electronic resource expenditure was also split as a variable into three groups: low, medium, and high. Multiple regression analysis and general linear modeling, along with tests of reliability, were employed. Main Results – The author determined that low, medium, and high spenders with regard to electronic resources exhibited differences in gate counts, and gate counts have an effect on reference transactions in any given week. Gate counts tend to not have much of an effect on reference transactions for the higher spenders, and higher spenders tend to have a higher number of reference transactions overall. Low spenders have lower gate counts and also a lower amount of reference transactions. Conclusion – The findings from this study show that academic libraries spending more on electronic resources also tend to have an increase with regard to reference transactions. The author also concludes that library spaces are no longer the determining factor with regard to number of reference transactions. Spending more on electronic resources is also important to increase both in-person and electronic reference transactions.
Non-Local Origin of a Substantial Portion of the Soft X-Ray Background

Comparison of the SAS-3 soft X-ray sky survey with the 21-cm neutral hydrogen survey confirms the well-known anticorrelation between the counting rates in the C-band (0.10-0.28 keV) and the column density of neutral hydrogen, and demonstrates that this anticorrelation is significant on all angular scales ranging from that of the general trend from the galactic equator to the poles down to the angular resolution of the detector (2.07 FWHM). Numerous instances of what appear to be soft X-ray shadows of nearly (100-300 pc) 21-cm features, and several bright X-ray regions coincident with holes in the interstellar medium are included in this general correlation. The final set of selected data has an exposure of 2.2 x 10 to the 4th power/sq cm s sr, a sky coverage of 80%, and is free of spurious effects due to charged particles and solar radiations. The validity of the two-component model of the X-ray background, introduced by Davidsen et al. (1977) is examined. In this model the C-band intensity in a given direction is represented as a sum of a constant term, I sub 1, due to unattenuated emission from a local hot bubble in which the solar system is immersed, and a term, I sub 2 exp (N sub H sub th) , due to emission from a diffuse source beyond the neutral hydrogen 2.g., the galactic corona).
Exploring the effect of neighboring land cover pattern on land surface temperature of central building objects

Abstract Increased temperatures in urban landscapes bring about a variety of problems and exacerbating thermal discomfort. Many studies have focused on detecting the effects of land cover patterns, including composition and configuration, on land surface temperature (LST) using remote sensing images. This study focused on distinct land cover feature, buildings, in center of Beijing, China, exploring the relationship between the LST of central building objects and land cover patterns in their neighboring areas. Classifying buildings into three groups (low-rise, mid-rise, and high-rise) allowed the effects of neighboring land cover patterns on building LST to be analyzed independently. We found that the composition of land cover features has a stronger impact on low-rise building LST than mid-rise and high-rise building LST. Moreover, low-rise building LST is highly related to the composition of neighboring vegetation and pavement. This relationship is limited for mid-rise buildings and high-rise buildings. Finally, LST can be mitigated not only by balancing the amount of vegetation and buildings, but, for low-rise buildings, can also be mitigated by optimizing their spatial configuration. This study enhances our understanding of the degree to which LST of different height buildings are affected by neighboring land cover patterns. In addition, important insights can be provided to urban planners on how to mitigate the impact of urbanization on UHI through urban design and vegetation management.
The Ship of Theseus and Other Metaphors for Thinking about what We Value in Mathematics Education Research

Recently we repaired a very old, wooden rowboat, patching leaks in the hull, replacing the seat, applying a fresh coat of paint, and wondering all the while how many times these tasks had been repeated over the decades that the boat has been in use. Our work also reminded us of the ancient Greek story of the ship of Theseus — a story of personal identity that has challenged philosophers throughout the ages (Nozick 1981).
The NHPRC: Its Influence on Documentary Editing, 1964-1984

In addition to providing financial support for the publication of modern documentary editions in the field of American history, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission has been a leader in the training of documentary editors and in the development and application of new technology in the field. The commission established documentary projects for several American presidents and other governmental leaders and also initiated and supported projects to document the history of blacks, native Americans, and women. The commission has successfully secured funds from private foundations to augment its own funding for editorial projects. Through its work, the NHPRC provides a central organization for the publication of documents in American history.