cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Selenium-Codonopsis Pilosula Polysaccharide

Sodium selenite and Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide( CPP) were used to synthesize selenium- Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide( SeCPP) in this experiment by chemical method. The content of selenium was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP- MS) and the result was 25. 92 mg / g. The SeCPP was characterized by using ultraviolet- visible spectroscopy( UV- VIS) and infrared spectroscopy. The successful synthesis of SeCPP was proved by results. The antioxidant activities in vitro of SeCPP were investigated by phenanthroline- Fe2 +and pyrogallol autoxidation method. The results showed that in the setting concentration range,the antioxidant activities were increasing with the elevation of concentration. The antioxidant activities of SeCPP were better than that of CPP. Using 2. 0 mg / mL CPP and SeCPP,the clearance rates of superoxide anion radical were 47. 05 % and 54. 46 %,respectively,and the scavenging rates of hydroxyl radical were 50. 20% and 61. 75%,respectively. This research was an important step as means of laying the foundation for further research on SeCPP as a low toxicity and effective organic selenium product.
Hubble Space Telescope Systems Engineering

The role of systems engineering in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) development program at NASA Marshall is reviewed. The scientific objectives and overall characteristics of the HST are recalled, and particular attention is given to the early identification and correction of problems in the optical system, the pointing-control system (maneuvering and fine guidance), the rate-gyro assembly, reaction-wheel isolation, the battery reconditioning circuit, and optical cleanliness.
The Transport, Chemical Transformation, and Removal of SO2 and Sulfate in the Eastern United States

A regional model of SO2 and sulfate that includes advective and diffusive transport, homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation, and dry deposition of both species is described. The model incorporates temporally and spatially varying mixing layer and wind field. Studies on the dynamic response of an elevated plume to daytime variations in vertical mixing show the shift toward the surface of the plume center-line, the existence of a double maxima in ground level concentration, and the trapping of pollutants in the early evening.
Diaphyseal and Distal Humerus Fractures

The majority of humeral shaft fractures in adults and children can be treated nonoperatively. Multiple methods of immobilization have been used successfully in children. The functional brace popularized by Sarmiento remains the mainstay of treatment in adults and achieves consistently favorable outcomes. Specific indications for operative treatment include open, segmental, or pathologic fractures, failure of nonoperative management, and certain associated injuries. ORIF with compression plating is effective in both adults and children. Antegrade or retrograde intramedullary fixation can be achieved with multiple pins or rods in children and with interlocked nails in adults. Plating and nailing result in reliable rates of union. Radial nerve palsy is commonly associated with humeral shaft fractures and their treatment, but the majority of cases resolve spontaneously. Distal humerus fractures in adults generally require operative treatment with ORIF. Multiple surgical approaches can be used to gain access to the distal humerus for anatomic reduction. For complex articular fractures, olecranon osteotomy provides the best exposure and can be repaired reliably with a tension band wire construct. Dual plating is recommended using either an orthogonal (“90–90”) or parallel configuration. Pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures are extremely common. Pulseless but well-perfused hands can be observed closely and generally do not require vascular exploration or repair. Type I fractures can be treated nonoperatively with a long-arm cast. Type II, III, and IV fractures generally require closed vs. open reduction and pinning. Two or three lateral-entry pins provide equivalent stability to crossed pinning with a lower rate of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury.
Crystal Plasticity Constitutive Model for Multiphase Advanced High Strength Steels to Account for Phase Transformation and Yield Point Elongation

A constitutive law was developed based on a rate-independent crystal plasticity to account for the mechanical behavior of multiphase advanced high strength steels. Martensitic phase transformation induced by the plastic deformation of the retained austenite was represented by considering the lattice invariant shear deformation and the orientation relationship between parent austenite and transformed martensite. The stress dependent transformation kinetics were represented by adopting the stress state dependent volume fraction evolution law. The plastic deformation of the austenite was determined to have the minimum- energy associated with the work during the phase transformation. In addition to the martensitic phase transformation, yield point elongation and subsequent hardening along with inhomogeneous plastic deformation were also represented by developing a hardening stagnation model induced by the delayed dislocation density evolution.
An Oral Contract Isn’t Worth the Paper It’s Printed On

It is my belief that by now, librarians and archivists have lost their innocence and naivete with respect to the legal and financial management of their collections. Or should have. The world in which we live has become a more complicated place than it was a generation ago and our sensibilities have been transformed. The 1980s altered our collective consciousness in many ways. During those ten years we witnessed an increased emphasis upon upward mobility, materialism, and conspicuous consumption. The eighties were a decade of high-speed greed and we became more litigious than ever before; we had to in order . . .
During Terminal Differentiation, HbF-Inducing Cytokines Cause Decreased Expression and Reduced Globin Locus Occupancy of BCL11A in Human Erythroblasts.

Abstract 457 Genetic association studies and gene regulation studies demonstrate that the transcription factor BCL11A is a regulator of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression in humans. Cytokine signal transduction also regulates fetal hemoglobin expression in cultured adult human erythroblasts. To further explore the potential for BCL11A in the cytokine-mediated induction of HbF during adult erythropoiesis, transcript and protein expression levels of BCL11A were measured during erythroblast differentiation. BCL11A expression was detected at all stages of erythroid differentiation with the highest level expression in proerythroblasts during the first week in culture under both low-HbF (%HbF ≤3) and high-HbF (%HbF ≥30) culture conditions. Despite a reduction in BCL11A mRNA expression, Western analyses failed to demonstrate reduced levels of BCL11A nuclear protein expression at the proerythroblast stage of differentiation. However, BCL11A protein expression in the high-HbF producing cells was reduced relative to the low-HbF cells during the later period of culture as the cells underwent terminal differentiation. During this later culture period, hemoglobinization occurred, and cells grown in the high-HbF condition revealed a pancellular distribution of HbF compared with a heterocellular distribution in the low-HbF culture condition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation further demonstrated that the addition of HbF-inducing cytokines caused a nearly complete loss of BCL11A chromatin occupancy within the beta-globin locus under the high-HbF culture condition. Specifically, the loss of chromatin occupancy was detected in a region approximately 3 kb downstream of the (A)gamma-globin gene. Further examination of this genomic region demonstrated several BCL11A binding domains located on a cluster of non-coding, intronless RNAs previously named “BGL3” that possess an expression pattern in vivo that is largely restricted to the fetal-liver. In addition to increased and pancellular expression of fetal hemoglobin in the high-HbF erythroblasts, the loss of BCL11A chromatin occupancy in that region of the beta-globin locus was associated with increased expression of BGL3 mRNA (GenBank: [AY034471][1]) measured by RT-PCR. These findings demonstrate that defined combinations of cytokines regulate the expression level and chromatin occupancy of BCL11A in adult human erythroblasts as they undergo terminal differentiation. In addition to inheritance and ontogeny, the data also support a role for BCL11A in the regulation of HbF by cytokine signal transduction. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GEN&access_num=AY034471&atom=%2Fbloodjournal%2F114%2F22%2F457.atom
Mixed-matrix membranes for efficient ammonium removal from wastewaters

Novel mixed matrix membranes and fibers were fabricated to investigate ammonium removal for the first time from wastewaters especially aquaculture wastewaters. Several approaches were adopted to fabricate these mixed-matrix membranes including a wet phase inversion process as well as pore filling of commercially available membranes. Natural zeolite particles were effectively incorporated into polysulfone polymer matrices. These composite materials are found to be efficient for ammonium removal with high capacity and high stability. No leaching of zeolite materials was detected. These mixed-matrix membranes demonstrate high water flux and are easy to regenerate. Over 90% of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) can be removed from relatively low TAN concentration aquaculture wastewaters. These novel adsorptive membranes are reusable and exhibit high viability for large scale industrial applications.
A Context for Self-Determination and Agency: Adolescent Developmental Theories

This chapter discusses adolescent developmental theories, first reviewing neurological growth and restructuring that occurs in the brain during adolescence. Next, cognitive and affective processes, including metacognition, self-regulation, and self-determination are described. Finally, identity development and agency and their role in adolescent development are described, followed by discussion of the role of culture and context in adolescent development.
Oil prices and GCC exchange rates

ABSTRACTThis paper empirically investigates the impact of oil price shocks on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) exchange rates, using quarterly data from 1980:Q1 to 2014:Q2. The results, based on the linear VAR model, show that a one-standard deviation shock to the price of oil is economically significant and leads to the depreciation of the GCC exchange rate ranging from 0.01 to 0.41 percentage points. Based on the nonlinear VAR model, it was found that a one-standard deviation shock to Hamilton’s (1996, 2003) net oil price increase (NOPI) is economically significant and leads to the appreciation of the GCC exchange rates, ranging from 5.00 to 7.62 percentage points.
Risk-taking in the academic dual-hiring process: how risk shapes later work experiences

This article examines risk-taking in the job search process and whether women and men who are part of a dual-career couple experience different work-related consequences for taking such risks. Spec...
The Systematics of Subaerial Algae

Dr. Juan Lopez-Bautista is currently an assistant professor in the department of biological sciences at The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA and algal curator for The University of Alabama Herbarium (UNA). He earned his PhD at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, in 2000 (under the direction of Dr Russell L. Chapman) and continued his studies and research at The University of Louisiana at Lafayette with Dr Suzanne Fredericq. Dr Lopez-Bautista’s research interests include algal systematics, biodiversity of subaerial and marine algae, and molecular evolution and biology of Trentepohliales.
Public and economic life: End-Of-The-Century public administration theory in the united states

The literature of American public administration theory in the 1990s reveals the difficulty of defining the public sector in a time of anti-government sentiment and calls for devolution of functions from the national to state and local governments, privatization or contracting out of services at all levels, and "reinventing" government so that it operates more like the private sector. In this societal context, writing in the field often devotes attention to the relationship of the public sector to the broader society and to attempts to cope with the effects of market-based, economic thinking on the public sector. This paper examines some of the recent writing in public administration journals and books on the roles of public practitioners, the status of the public sector as a social institution, and approaches such as postmodernism, feminism, and discourse as alternative models of action in the public sphere. It concludes with discussion of the implications of the market-oriented political culture on public administration theory and practice.
Modeling of Aircraft Takeoff Weight Using Gaussian Processes

The takeoff weight of an aircraft is an important aspect of aircraft performance. However, the takeoff weight of a particular flight is generally not available to entities outside of the operating ...
OSCAR: An Architecture for Generally Intelligent Agents

OSCAR is a fully implemented architecture for a cognitive agent, based largely on the author's work in philosophy concerning epistemology and practical cognition. The seminal idea is that a generally intelligent agent must be able to function in an environment in which it is ignorant of most matters of fact. The architecture incorporates a general-purpose defeasible reasoner, built on top of an efficient natural deduction reasoner for first-order logic. It is based upon a detailed theory about how the various aspects of epistemic and practical cognition should interact, and many of the details are driven by theoretical results concerning defeasible reasoning. The architecture is easily extensible by changing the set of inference schemes supplied to the reasoner. Existing inference schemes handle many kinds of epistemic cognition, including reasoning from perceptual input, causal reasoning and the frame problem, and reasoning defeasibly about probabilities. Work is underway to implement a system of defeasible decision-theoretic planning.
Mechanisms of Resistance of Antiviral Drugs Active Against the Human Herpes Viruses

The antiviral drugs against the human herpesviruses provided pioneering insights, which have led to the development of the field of antiviral therapy. The first successful use of antiviral drugs to treat any life-threatening viral infection was vidarabine (adenine arabinoside) in 1977 [1]. This was followed by the development of acyclovir as the first specific antiviral drug which required a viral enzyme (thymidine kinase, TK) for activation to a nucleoside triphosphate, which inhibited the viral DNA polymerase and was a chain-terminator of viral DNA elongation [2, 3]. When tested against clinical viral isolates, acyclovir was most effective against those herpesviruses which established latency in neuronal tissue, (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV) [4] with some activity against EBV, and very little against clinical isolates of CMV in a plaque reduction assay [4, 5]. With the possible exception of influenza A virus and amantadine, this marked the beginnings of antiviral therapy.
Abstract 15511: Integration of Genome-Wide MicroRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Objective: To determine the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Background: PAH is a life-threatening condition characterized by pulmonary arteriolar remodeling, progressive elevation of pulmonary artery pressure, and right heart failure. The genomic mechanisms of PAH remain ill defined. We have recently reported genome-wide lung tissue mRNA expression changes associated with PAH and pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We now report expression changes of microRNAs, which are small RNAs that play a key role in the post transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. Methods: Using microarrays, we generated microRNA expression profiles in lung tissue from subjects with PAH ( n = 18), PH associated with IPF ( n = 5), and normal controls ( n = 10); and integrated these microRNA expression data with our previously published mRNA expression data from the same subjects. Results: Expression of 23 microRNAs was significantly increased in PAH relative to normal controls (q≤0.05). Of these, miR-33a, miR-101*, and miR-144 were also increased in PAH relative to PH associated with IPF. Integration of predicted gene targets of these 23 microRNAs with our previous mRNA dataset identified 910 genes as being downregulated by these microRNAs. The above mentioned microRNAs along with miR-21* and miR-410 were identified as key players in the pathogenesis of PAH based on their role in different biological networks and pathways. Expression changes in these microRNAs were confirmed by QPCR. All five microRNAs were integral to the cellular growth and proliferation network. They also downregulated several genes in the TGFβ pathway, including those previously implicated in PAH such as, BMPR2 , BMPR1A , ACVR1 , SMAD2/4 . Other affected pathways included, protein ubiquitination, ERK/MAPK, β-adrenergic, nitric oxide and PDGF signaling. Conclusions: We have identified microRNAs that may be critical in the development of PAH. This is the first study to integrate mRNA expression data with microRNA expression data on a genome-wide basis in PAH. It may be possible in the future to attenuate or even to reverse pathological changes in the expression of mRNAs in many biological pathways by targeting a few microRNAs.
Arbeiten mit Zahlen

Das eigentliche Ziel dieses Kapitels besteht darin, Ihnen zu zeigen, wie Sie einfache Zahlenprobleme mit dem Rechner losen konnen. Auch hier liegt die Betonung wie in allen Kapiteln auf Problemlosung und Programmierung und nicht auf Mathematik.
Defying Death: The (W)hole Truth about the Fate of GSDMD Pores.

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory cell death response initiated by supramolecular organizing centers known as inflammasomes. In a recent issue of Science, Ruhl et al. (2018) challenge the paradigm that inflammasome signaling necessitates pyroptosis by demonstrating that ESCRTIII-dependent membrane repair can delay or prevent gasdermin D-mediated cell death.
Mechanisms of Stent Failure: Lessons from IVUS and OCT

Despite significant advances in stent design and procedural technique, stent failure remains the “Achilles’ heel” of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It is important to understand the mechanism of stent failure to prevent major adverse events and improve clinical outcomes. Two-dimensional angiography alone is insufficient for elucidating the etiology of stent failure. Intracoronary imaging modalities, including intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have evolved to guide optimal stent placement during PCI, and have enabled identification of the etiology behind stent failure. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of stent failure, use and limitations of intracoronary imaging (IVUS and OCT) to assess its etiology, and future directions for its use in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation.
Medical image learning from a few/few training samples: Melanoma segmentation study

Abstract Melanoma is a type of life-threatening skin cancer which starts in melanocytes. The five-year survival rate of melanoma will increase to 98 percent in case of being detected and diagnosed before involving lymph nodes. Hence, early detection of melanoma has a pivotal role in decreasing the related fatal rate. One of the most popular classes of early detection methods is dermoscopy image analysis, where color photos of skin lesions are processed to determine if a mole is malignant or not. In order to properly implement these techniques, these dermoscopy images must be separated into foreground (the mole) and background (the surrounding skin) in a process known as segmentation. Multiple Random Walker (MRW) and deep learning approaches have been used for melanoma segmentation in this paper. We design a MRW-based system, a semi-automatic approach, for segmentation of dermoscopy images. We investigate the effect of number of walkers on the results and find the optimal gradient calculation algorithm for our setup. We have also applied three state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) including SegNet, U-Net and DeconvNet, designed for segmentation, and analyzed the procedure of segmentation and their performance on delineating melanoma. Finally, we investigate the selection of the best approach adaptively based on the size of the available training masked images. The results reveal that MRW-based segmentation approach is a promising selection when training set images are limited while the CNN architectures are decent choice in the presence of large training set.
Short-Term Versus Long-Term Effects of the Louisville Enterprise Zone Incentives: A Response to Sumei Zhang:

Zhang wrote that the Louisville enterprise zone (EZ) was more successful than what previous research showed and that variations in research design have led to conflicting or mixed reviews of many l...
A Comparison of App-Based Video-Modeling Interventions to Teach Physical Activity Skills to People With Autism in a Community Setting:

App-based technologies that utilize video-modeling components are an area that can increase the independence of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in community settings; however, less is kn...
Infant of a Diabetic Mother With an Anomaly

On initial examination, a male newborn has the finding shown in Fig 1. Figure 1. Initial presentation. ### Prenatal and Birth Histories ### Presentation (Day 1) The infant was placed nil per OS (NPO) and a large-bore nasogastric tube was placed to low-intermittent suction to decompress the stomach. Total parenteral nutrition was initiated for nutritional support. His glucose levels were monitored and found to be normal. The pediatric surgical team was consulted. Vital signs were as follows: ### Physical Examination (Day 1)
Farm Dams: Planning, Construction and Maintenance

No dam can be guaranteed not to leak or fail in some way, but by taking the right precautions the risk can be reduced to nearly zero. "Farm Dams" provides a practical approach to planning, designing, constructing and maintaining dams for all types and sizes of farming operations. By using the principles given in this book and seeking the advice of suitably experienced and qualified engineers and contractors, the dam builder can achieve real financial benefits and avoid the costs of dam failure. Owners of older farm dams should find the book valuable as many of these dams do not meet current design and construction standards and are prone to failure unless they are properly maintained. The book goes well beyond construction and maintenance and shows how to assess the amount of water needed and how to determine the likely catchment yield. There is no point in building a dam that can't be filled. Many other issues are covered including water quality, ecology, aquaculture and legal requirements. Well-illustrated and easy to follow, this book should be read by anyone planning to build a farm dam or who owns an existing dam.
Abstract B59: Rac1 overexpression promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer cells

The small GTPase Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) is commonly overexpressed in cancer and high Rac1 levels are associated with poor patient outcomes in ovarian cancer. Rac1 drives multiple hallmarks of cancer such as proliferation, quiescence, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and transcriptional programs relevant to tumor development, progression, and chemoresistance. EMT promotes metastatic dissemination, chemoresistance, and cancer stem cell properties. We find that modest overexpression of Rac1 in ovarian tumor cells causes morphologic changes consistent with EMT. Elevated Rac1 (4- fold) expression decreases colony number and increases colony area when compared to vector control cells. In addition, cell invasion through an artificial basement membrane is increased by 10-fold in cells overexpressing Rac1. An increase in mesenchymal markers (e.g., N-cadherin) and decrease in epithelial markers (e.g., E-cadherin) was observed as a consequence of Rac1 expression. Rac1 overexpression was associated with selective upregulation of Slug/Snai2 (8-fold) and Zeb2 (100-fold) mRNA levels with little impact on Snai1, Twist, or Zeb1. Slug/Snai2 expression is reportedly induced by oxidative stress and treatment of six ovarian tumor cell lines with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) to generate oxidative stress increased the expression Slug/Snai2, Snai1, and heme oxygenase-1, an indicator of oxidative stress response. This finding confirms that elevated oxidative stress regulates certain EMT transcription factors in various ovarian cancer cells. Rac1 is an essential factor for activation of NADPH oxidases 1, 2, and 3 and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Basal level of ROS was elevated in cells overexpressing Rac1 compared to vector control cells as detected by the fluorescent probe Dihydroethidium (DHE). Similarly, elevated Rac1 increased expression of the oxidative stress response genes heme oxygenase-1 (17-fold) and superoxide dismutase-1 (12-fold), further supporting that Rac1 stimulated ROS signaling in these cells. We further tested the impact of Rac1 inhibition in vivo using R-ketorolac. Analysis of tumor tissue from mice showed decreased expression of heme-oxygenase-1 and Slug/Snai2 in mice treated with R-ketorolac compared to placebo controls. R-ketorolac also decreased invasive implantation and expansion of ovarian cancer xenografts. Taken together, these findings illustrate the functional impact of Rac1 overexpression in ovarian cancer cells and suggest that Rac1 may be a viable target for further drug development to attenuate EMT in ovarian tumors. Citation Format: Martha M. Grimes, Dayna R. Dominquez, Michaela L. Granados, Alejandra Rosales, Melanie Rivera, Angela Wandinger-Ness, Laurie G. Hudson. Rac1 overexpression promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 13-16, 2019; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(13_Suppl):Abstract nr B59.
Conversion From Activated Clotting Time to Anti-Xa Heparin Activity Assay for Heparin Monitoring During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

OBJECTIVES Anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin remains the most common therapy used to prevent circuit thrombosis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, but no consensus exists on the optimal method or targets for heparin monitoring. From 2015 to 2018, we switched from monitoring heparin during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using activated clotting times to anti-Xa heparin activity assays. This study describes the transition from activated clotting time to anti-Xa heparin activity assay monitoring and the associated clinical changes. DESIGN Retrospective analysis at single institution. SETTING Referral Children's Hospital. PATIENTS A total of 145 pediatric patients over 152 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation runs using 206 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits. INTERVENTIONS Anticoagulation protocol quality improvement. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS From 2015 to 2018, heparin monitoring during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation changed from hourly activated clotting time to anti-Xa heparin activity assay every 6 hours with an associated 75% reduction in the circuit changes per extracorporeal membrane oxygenation day. Over the 4 years, patients with an average anti-Xa heparin activity assay of at least 0.25 U/mL showed a 59% reduction in circuit changes per extracorporeal membrane oxygenation day compared with less than 0.15 U/mL. In addition to its association with reduced circuit changes, anti-Xa heparin activity assay monitoring was also associated with reduced heparin dose changes per day from 11 ± 4 to 2 ± 1 (p < 0.001), smaller heparin dose changes (less variation in dose), and reduced diagnostic phlebotomy volumes from 41 ± 6 to 25 ± 11 mL/day (p < 0.001). The number of patients with reported bleeding decreased from 69% using activated clotting time to 51% (p = 0.03). Transfusion rates did not change. CONCLUSIONS Over 4 years, we replaced the activated clotting time assay with the anti-Xa heparin activity assay for heparin monitoring during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Minimum anti-Xa heparin activity assay levels of 0.25 U/mL were associated with reduced circuit changes. Further studies are needed to determine the optimum anti-Xa heparin activity assay therapeutic range during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Test-Retest Reliability of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Audiology Research.

Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a methodology involving repeated surveys to collect in situ data that describe respondents' current or recent experiences and related contexts in their natural environments. Audiology literature investigating the test-retest reliability of EMA is scarce. Purpose This article examines the test-retest reliability of EMA in measuring the characteristics of listening contexts and listening experiences. Research Design An observational study. Study Sample Fifty-one older adults with hearing loss. Data Collection and Analysis The study was part of a larger study that examined the effect of hearing aid technologies. The larger study had four trial conditions and outcome was measured using a smartphone-based EMA system. After completing the four trial conditions, participants repeated one of the conditions to examine the EMA test-retest reliability. The EMA surveys contained questions that assessed listening context characteristics including talker familiarity, talker location, and noise location, as well as listening experiences including speech understanding, listening effort, loudness satisfaction, and hearing aid satisfaction. The data from multiple EMA surveys collected by each participant were aggregated in each of the test and retest conditions. Test-retest correlation on the aggregated data was then calculated for each EMA survey question to determine the reliability of EMA. Results At the group level, listening context characteristics and listening experience did not change between the test and retest conditions. The test-retest correlation varied across the EMA questions, with the highest being the questions that assessed talker location (median r = 1.0), reverberation (r = 0.89), and speech understanding (r = 0.85), and the lowest being the items that quantified noise location (median r = 0.63), talker familiarity (r = 0.46), listening effort (r = 0.61), loudness satisfaction (r = 0.60), and hearing aid satisfaction (r = 0.61). Conclusion Several EMA questions yielded appropriate test-retest reliability results. The lower test-retest correlations for some EMA survey questions were likely due to fewer surveys completed by participants and poorly designed questions. Therefore, the present study stresses the importance of using validated questions in EMA. With sufficient numbers of surveys completed by respondents and with appropriately designed survey questions, EMA could have reasonable test-retest reliability in audiology research.
Applying Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Intersectionality to Address the Needs of African American Crossover Girls

Youth who are victims of maltreatment and engage in delinquency are at a greater risk of adverse emotional and behavioral outcomes compared to those in the general population (Herz and Dierkhising in 2018; Herz et al. in 2019; Stouthamer-Loeber et al. in 2001). “Crossover youth” is a common, collective term for youth who experience maltreatment and engage in delinquency. Current studies suggest girls and African American youth are more likely to experience crossover between the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. Yet, there is little existing scholarship, especially conceptual articles, specific to consideration of both race and gender regarding crossover youth. Critical Race Theory (CRT) and intersectionality are utilized to analyze and better understand the overrepresentation of African American girls who cross over from the child welfare to the juvenile justice system. This article concludes with implications for social work action strategies, for micro and macro social work, including policy and research, to better address the unique needs of this population. Race and racism, and how these overlap with experiences as girls and young women, are central and cannot be disentangled and need to be included as social work pays more attention to addressing the needs of this especially vulnerable sub-population of crossover youth.
Aerobic fitness and the sleeping brain of adolescents-a pilot study.

Author(s): Neikrug, Ariel B; Mander, Bryce A; Radom-Aizik, Shlomit; Chen, Ivy Y; Stehli, Annamarie; Lui, Kitty K; Chappel-Farley, Miranda G; Dave, Abhishek; Benca, Ruth M | Abstract: Study objectivesAerobic fitness (AF) and sleep are major determinants of health in adolescents and impact neurocognitive and psychological development. However, little is known about the interactions between AF and sleep during the developmental transition experienced across adolescence. This study aimed to consider the relationships between AF and habitual sleep patterns and sleep neurophysiology in healthy adolescents.MethodsSubjects (mean age = 14.6 ± 2.3 years old, range 11-17, 11 females) were evaluated for AF (peak VO2 assessed by ramp-type progressive cycle ergometry in the laboratory), habitual sleep duration and efficiency (7-14 days actigraphy), and topographic patterns of spectral power in slow wave, theta, and sleep spindle frequencies in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep using overnight polysomnography (PSG) with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG, 128 channels).ResultsSignificant relationships were observed between peak VO2 and habitual bedtime (r = -0.650, p = .009) and wake-up time (r = -0.603, p = .017), with greater fitness associated with going to bed and waking up earlier. Peak VO2 significantly predicted slow oscillations (0.5-1 Hz, p = .018) and theta activity (4.5-7.5 Hz, p = .002) over anterior frontal and central derivations (p l .001 and p = .001, respectively) after adjusting for sex and pubertal development stage. Similar associations were detected for fast sleep spindle activity (13-16 Hz, p = .006), which was greater over temporo-parietal derivations.ConclusionsGreater AF was associated with a more mature pattern of topographically-specific features of sleep EEG known to support neuroplasticity and cognitive processes and which are dependent on prefrontal cortex and hippocampal function in adolescents and adults. AF was also correlated with a smaller behavioral sleep phase delay commonly seen during adolescence.
The Winner Doesn’t Take It All: Analyzing Audience Responses to an Inspirational Sports Narrative

Applying a dual-process rationale, this study explored the cognitive and affective mechanisms involved in the processing of hedonic versus eudaimonic film clips and their putatively distinct inspirational effects. The two types of narratives were operationalized in terms of complete and incomplete goal satisfaction in the film endings. Participants either watched the final boxing match from Rocky , where the protagonist loses the fight, but achieves self-mastery and finds love (eudaimonic narrative) or from Rocky II , where he wins against his opponent (hedonic narrative). A combination of continuous measures of how pleasant participants felt (slider ratings) and psychophysiological measures (heart rate, galvanic skin response [GSR], pulse volume amplitude [PVA]) indicating cognitive load and arousal was used to track the audience responses while watching a compilation of the same intro and the different fight versions. Results revealed that arousal was more strongly associated with participants’ affective scores during the hedonic (winning) version than during the eudaimonic (losing) one. Furthermore, participants experience more positive affect and arousal after watching the protagonist win the match compared to those that watched him lose. Lastly, participants in the eudaimonic condition were more likely to be inspired to exercise afterward. Implications of our results are discussed.
Priming immunotherapy with radiotherapy (RT) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC): Interim analysis of phase II clinical trial.

2628Background: Preclinical models demonstrate that combined RT with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) results in specific CD8+ T-cell phenotype associated with a tumor-reactive population resultin...
Glaucoma Precognition Based on Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Images of the Optic Disc Using Convolutional Neural Network

We develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI) framework for glaucoma precognition from baseline confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging data, using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The proposed framework extracts ‘deep features’ from convolutional layers of the CNN model, which are used as input to the ensemble learning classifier in order to identify patients that will likely convert to glaucoma after few years. The prediction model achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.83 using the data from baseline visit. The model predicted the onset of glaucoma more accurately than known glaucoma risk factors, Glaucoma Probability Score (GPS) and Moorfields Regression Analysis (MRA) parameters of the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT) software. The proposed AI construct provides a highly specific and sensitive model that can predict the onset of glaucoma from baseline HRT parameters and has the potential to provide clinicians valuable information regarding the onset of glaucoma.
Accessible Web Development: Opportunities to Improve the Education and Practice of web Development with a Screen Reader

There are a growing number of jobs related to web development, yet there is little formal literature about the accessibility of web development with a screen reader. This article describes research to explore (1) web development accessibility issues and their impact on blind learners and programmers; (2) tools and strategies used to address issues; and (3) opportunities for creating inclusive web development curriculum and supportive tools. We conducted a Comprehensive Literature Review (CLR) to formulate accessibility issue categories, then interviewed 12 blind programmers to validate and expand on both issues in education and practice. The CLR yielded five issue categories: (1) visual information without an accessible equivalent, (2) orienting, (3) navigating, (4) lack of support, and (5) knowledge and use of supportive technologies. Our interview findings validated the use of CLR-derived categories and revealed nuances specific to learning and practicing web development. Blind web developers grapple with the inaccessibility of demonstrations and explanations of web design concepts, wireframing software, independent verification of computed Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and navigating browser-based developer tool interfaces. Tools and strategies include seeking out alternative education materials to learn independently, use of CSS frameworks, collaboration with sighted colleagues, and avoidance of design and front-end development. This work contributes to our understanding of accessibility issues specific to web development and the strategies that blind web developers employ in both educational and applied contexts. We identify areas in which greater awareness and application of accessibility best practices are required in Web education, a need to disseminate existing screen reader strategies and accessible tools, and to develop new tools that support Web design and validation of CSS. Finally, this research signals future directions for the development of accessible web curriculum and supportive tools, including solutions that leverage artificial intelligence, tactile graphics, and supportive-online communities of practice.
Use of coagulation-fibrinolysis markers for prognostication of Stanford type A acute aortic dissection.

Purpose Coagulation-fibrinolysis markers are widely used for the diagnosis of Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (SAAAD). However, the role of these markers in estimating prognosis remains unclear. Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted to identify the relationship between preoperative D-dimer and fibrinogen levels on SAAAD postoperative early prognosis. Results Of 238 SAAAD patients who underwent surgery between January 2012 and December 2018, 201 (84.5%) and 37 (15.5%) patients constituted the survival and non-survival groups, respectively, 30 days after surgery. D-dimer and fibrinogen levels in the survival and non-survival groups were 45.2 ± 74.3 vs. 91.5 ± 103.6 μg/mL (p = 0.014) and 224.3 ± 95.6 vs. 179.9 ± 96.7 μg/mL (p = 0.012), respectively. According to logistic predictor analysis of 30-day mortality, significant factors showed patent type (OR 10.89, 95% CI 1.66-20.31) and malperfusion (OR 4.63, 95% CI 1.74-12.32). Increasing D-dimer (per +10 μg/mL) and decreasing fibrinogen (per -10 μg/mL) were significantly associated with patent type and malperfusion. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to distinguish between survival and non-survival. The cutoff value of D-dimer was 60 μg/mL (sensitivity 61.1%; specificity 82.5%; area under curve [AUC] 0.713 ± 0.083); fibrinogen was 150 mg/dL (sensitivity 44.4%; specificity 84.0%; AUC 0.647 ± 0.092). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that patients with D-dimer levels > 60 μg/mL and fibrinogen levels < 150 mg/dL had significantly low survival rates at 30 days after surgery (60.0%, p < 0.001). Conclusion Preoperative coagulation-fibrinolysis markers may be useful for predicting early prognosis in SAAAD.
Information Technology Standards: Quest for the Common Byte

What standards do the open road Unix open systems interconnection front-line manufacturing computer-aided acquisition and logistic support the Ada programming language to the gigabaud station ISDN narrow and broad a congress of libraries so many standards, so little time.
A Review of “New Traditional Games for Learning: A Case Book”

As a literacy scholar I have a particular interest in words and instructional methods for teaching vocabulary and work skills to students. I also enjoy playing games. During my family's most recent...
Direct memory access parsing

Lexical ambiguity has been a pervasive problem for computer models of natural language understanding, or "parsing," since the original work in machine translation from the fifties. I argue that this problem arises as a natural consequence of organizing these models around a lexically-indexed data base of parsing knowledge. What is required instead is a model of natural language understanding organized around the system's memory. The Direct Memory Access Parsing system organizes parsing knowledge around concepts in memory. A general process of memory search integrates models of top-down prediction and bottom-up reference; predictions control which linguistic knowledge is brought to bear, and the input controls which concepts become active. The result is a system in which memory controls the parsing process. This dissertation describes the algorithms and approaches used in constructing the Direct Memory Access Parser.
Microsatellites: Evolution and Mutational Processes

Microsatellites (simple sequence repeats) are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes, and they are highly polymorphic. They are currently the primary tools for most genetic mapping and for studies comparing the differentiation of human and other mammalian populations. More and more inherited human diseases are now recognized as resulting from mutations in particular microsatellites, and such microsatellite mutations can serve as markers for some cancers. The majority of microsatellite mutational changes probably consist of insertion or deletion of one or a few repeat units through replication slippage, whereas larger (much rarer) changes are important in producing observed allele distributions. Comparisons of microsatellite allele frequencies between humans and chimpanzees suggest that there are constraints on the overall length of microsatellites. Sequence analyses of microsatellites in diverse human and non-human populations indicate that the structure of many repeats may not be as simple as previously believed, in that alleles differ in base composition as well as in repeat length. Single base changes that result in long uninterrupted repeats may lead to increased mutation rates, including the extreme trinucleotide repeat instability responsible for several inherited diseases.
Radiomics texture feature extraction for characterizing GBM phenotypes using GLCM

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a markedly heterogeneous brain tumor and is composed of three main volumetric phenotypes, namely, necrosis, active tumor and edema, identifiable on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This paper assesses the usefulness of the GBM features detection by using semi-automatic segmentation and texture feature extracted from gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Feature vectors are then used for predicting GBM phenotypes based on nearest neighbors (NN) classifier. Simulation results for 22 patients show an accuracy of 75.58% for distinguishing GBM phenotypes based on the texture feature selection using the decision trees model. Preliminary texture analysis demonstrated that the texture feature based on the GLCM is promising to distinguish GBM phenotypes.
Prenatal fetal electroencephalography

Abstract 1. 1. Two methods (abdominal, vaginal) of demonstrating the electroencephalogram of the fetus in utero are presented. 2. 2. Positive results were obtained in 87 per cent of 32 patients tested. 3. 3. Comparison is made of the tracings obtained from the maternal abdomen in proximity to the fetal head and from the vagina with the tracings obtained directly from the brains of fetuses and the skulls of newborn infants. The close similarity is noted.
Suspension Bridge Vibration: Continuum Formulation

The methodology of the free vibration analysis of suspension bridges with horizontal decks is refined and extended, utilizing a continuum approach to include both the coupled vertical-torsional vibration and the effect of cross-sectional distortion. Variational principles are used to obtain the coupled equations of motion in their most general, and nonlinear form. The general equations are linearized, eliminating the coupling effect, and solved for a specific bridge; the resulting natural frequencies and modes of vertical and torsional vibrations are compared with those calculated using the finite element approach and with those estimated from low-amplitude full-scale ambient vibration tests which were conducted on the bridge. In addition, the general, nonlinear equations of motion governing the lateral vibration of suspension bridges are presented and the linearized forms are obtained; a numerical example and a comparison among the analytical, numerical and full-scale test results are also presented.