cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Mo6Te6 Sub‐Nanometer‐Diameter Nanowire Phase from 2H‐MoTe2

A novel phase transition, from multilayered 2H-MoTe2 to a parallel bundle of sub-nanometer-diameter metallic Mo6 Te6 nanowires (NWs) driven by catalyzer-free thermal-activation (400-500 °C) under vacuum, is demonstrated. The NWs form along the 〈11-20〉 2H-MoTe2 crystallographic directions with lengths in the micrometer range. The metallic NWs can act as an efficient hole injection layer on top of 2H-MoTe2 due to favorable band-alignment. In particular, an atomically sharp MoTe2 /Mo6 Te6 interface and van der Waals gap with the 2H layers are preserved. The work highlights an alternative pathway for forming a new transition metal dichalcogenide phase and will enable future exploration of its intrinsic transportation properties.
Shaved margin histopathology and imprint cytology for assessment of excision in canine mast cell tumors and soft tissue sarcomas.

Objective To determine the feasibility and agreement of margin assessment by imprint cytology, shaved margin histopathology, and radial section histopathology in canine cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors (MCT) and soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Study design Prospective clinical study. Sample population Three hundred and forty margins from 72 excised tumors (52 MCT and 20 STS) in 54 client-owned dogs. Methods Imprint cytology samples were acquired by pressing glass slides to the cut surgical margin of the freshly excised surgical specimen. Shaved margin samples were obtained from the patient wound bed using a scalpel immediately prior to closure. Radial section histopathology was performed as part of routine histopathologic processing. All margins were assessed as either positive or negative for presence of tumor cells at the surgical margin. Agreement among methods was calculated using Fleiss Kappa coefficients and an association of method, margin direction, and tumor type with positive margin status was evaluated using a general linear mixed model. Results Positive margin detection rates differed for MCT (imprint cytology 21%, radial section histopathology 9%, and shaved margin histopathology 3%; P < .0001) but not for STS. Intermethod agreement was poor (Fleiss Kappa = 0.051 and 0.176 for MCT and STS, respectively). Margin direction did not influence margin status for either tumor type. Conclusion Imprint cytology and shaved margin histopathology are feasible, but their results are frequently disparate from routine radial section histopathology. Future studies are needed to evaluate the correlation of each method with local recurrence rates.
Nonlinear Structural Identification of a Three-Story Infilled Frame Using Instantaneous Modal Parameters

Even though modal analysis theory is not applicable to nonlinear dynamic structural systems, such systems can be characterized by their time-varying amplitude-dependent instantaneous modal parameters. In this study, the nonlinear behavior of a large-scale test structure is characterized based on its time-varying instantaneous modal parameters identified during an earthquake. The test structure is a 2/3-scale, three-story, two bay, masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frame, tested on the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) outdoor shake table. Deterministic stochastic subspace identification (DSI) method is used for estimation of instantaneous modal parameters of the structure based on sliding time windows of input-output data during a seismic base excitation. These identified time-variant modal parameters are used to estimate the effective stiffness of different components of the test structure corresponding to its tangent stiffness matrix through a linear finite element (FE) model updating strategy. Variation of the identified stiffness as a function of maximum displacement can be used to characterize the hysteretic behavior at element/substructure level.
Upper Airway Obstruction Secondary to Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicosis in Five Dogs.

ABSTRACT Five dogs were presented with clinical signs compatible with upper airway obstruction, including stridor, stertor, coughing, gagging, and varying degrees of respiratory distress. All dogs had radiographic findings of soft tissue opacity in the area of the pharynx, larynx, or trachea, and several had narrowing of the tracheal lumen. Coagulation abnormalities (prolonged prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time) were present in the four dogs that underwent testing. Four of five dogs were treated for the coagulopathy, presumably due to anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis, and survived to discharge.Upper airway obstruction is an unusual presentation for anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis in dogs. Raising the index of suspicion for this treatable condition may help clinicians to identify this sooner.
Folates and S-adenosylmethionine for major depressive disorder

Interest in nonpharmaceutical supplements for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) has increased signiﬁcantly, both among patients and among clinicians during the past decades. Despite the large array of antidepressants (ADs) available, many patients continue to experience relatively modest response and remission rates, in addition to a burden of side effects that can hinder treatment compliance and acceptability. In this article, we review the literature on folates and S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), 2 natural compounds linked in the 1-carbon cycle metabolic pathway, for which substantial evidence supports their involvement in mood disorders. Background information, efﬁcacy data, proposed mechanisms of action, and side effects are reviewed. Based on existing data, supplementation with SAMe, as well as with various formulations of folates, appears to be efficacious and well tolerated in reducing depressive symptoms. Compared with other forms of folates, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (L-methylfolate or 5-MTHF) may represent a preferable treatment option for MDD given its greater bioavailability in patients with a genetic polymorphism, and the lower risk of specific side effects associated with folic acid. Although further randomized controlled trials in this area appear warranted, SAMe and L-methylfolate may represent a useful addition to the AD armamentarium.
Strategies for Organizing Nanoparticles into Aggregate Structures and Functional Materials

In this review, we focus on some of the most successful approaches to date for organizing nanoparticles into macroscopic aggregates and functional materials. The preparation and resulting properties of two- and three-dimensional arrays of nanoparticles are detailed, and some potential uses for these materials are discussed. Although many types of nanoparticles can be organized into such structures, this review focuses specifically on Au and CdE (E=S, Se) nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles are easily prepared, highly stable, well-studied, and excellent models for other metal colloids. CdE colloids are the most extensively studied semiconductor nanoparticles and hold much promise in the optoelectronics field.
Monolithic integration of III-V nanostructures for electronic and photonic applications

We have recently developed a novel III-V integration scheme, where III-V material is grown directly on top of Si within oxide nanotubes or microcavities which control the geometry of nanostructures. This allows us to grow III-V material non-lattice matched on any crystalline orientation of Si, to grow arbitrary shapes as well as abrupt heterojunctions, and to gain more flexibility in tuning of composition. In this talk, applications for electronic devices such as heterojunction tunnel FETs and microcavity III-V lasers monolithically integrated on Si will be discussed along with an outlook for the future.
Fischer, Linda. 2014. The Memory Book – One Woman's Self-Discovery in the Mist of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. New York: Minted Prose. 326 pp.

Fischer, Linda. 2014. The Memory Book – One Woman's Self-Discovery in the Mist of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. New York: Minted Prose. 326 pp.
DNA damage response and cancer therapeutics through the lens of the Fanconi Anemia DNA repair pathway

Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare, inherited genomic instability disorder, caused by mutations in genes involved in the repair of interstrand DNA crosslinks (ICLs). The FA signaling network contains a unique nuclear protein complex that mediates the monoubiquitylation of the FANCD2 and FANCI heterodimer, and coordinates activities of the downstream DNA repair pathway including nucleotide excision repair, translesion synthesis, and homologous recombination. FA proteins act at different steps of ICL repair in sensing, recognition and processing of DNA lesions. The multi-protein network is tightly regulated by complex mechanisms, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and degradation signals that are critical for the maintenance of genome integrity and suppressing tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how the FA proteins participate in ICL repair and regulation of the FA signaling network that assures the safeguard of the genome. We further discuss the potential application of designing small molecule inhibitors that inhibit the FA pathway and are synthetic lethal with DNA repair enzymes that can be used for cancer therapeutics.
Solomon Wolf Golomb 1932–2016

Solomon W. Golomb was born into an intellectually gifted family in Baltimore, MD. His father, a polyglot, was a professor at Baltimore Hebrew College and Sol grew up speaking several European and Middle Eastern languages. In adulthood he would add at least two East Asian languages to the point of being able to lecture in both. With this background he was also expert in the etymology of numerous words and expressions in a variety of language families and he never missed an opportunity to so enlighten conversation with friends and colleagues.
Precarity’s Prospect: Contingent Control and Union Renewal in the Retail Sector:

Precarity and deunionization have grown up (or down) together. Yet the focus of union renewal scholars on the forms and constituencies of organizing has neglected a holistic appraisal of their conn...
Measuring liver T2* and cardiac T2* in a single acquisition

The purpose of this study is determine if both liver T2* and cardiac T2* can be measured on a single breath-hold acquisition. For this IRB-approved retrospective study, 137 patients with dedicated Cardiac MRI and Liver MRI examinations obtained sequentially on 1.5T scanners and on the same day were included for analysis. Both the cardiac and liver MRI examinations utilized GRE sequences for quantification of tissue iron. Specifically, T2* was measured using an 8-echo, multi-echo gradient echo single breath-hold sequence. Liver T2* was measured in a blinded manner on images from each of the cardiac and dedicated liver MRI examinations and were correlated. Bland–Altman difference plot was used to assess mean bias. 137 examinations from 93 subjects met inclusion criteria. 10 examination pairs were excluded because the first echo time (TE) on the cardiac MRI was insufficiently short for the very high liver iron content. After exclusion, 127 studies from 89 subjects (67.4% males) were included in the final analysis. The mean subject age (± standard deviation) was 11.5 ± 7.5 years (range 0–29.3 years; median 10.5 years). Mean liver T2* measured on cardiac MRI was 8.3 ± 7.7 ms and mean liver T2* measured on dedicated liver MRI was 7.8 ± 7.4 ms (p < 0.001). There was strong positive correlation between the two liver T2* measurements (r = 0.989, p < 0.0001; 95% CI 0.985–0.992). With the exception of borderline outliers, all values fell within two standard deviations on the Bland–Altman difference plots, with a mean bias of 0.5 ms (range − 1.8 to + 2.7 ms). In most patients with suspected or known iron overload, a single breath-hold GRE sequence may be sufficient to evaluate the iron concentration (T2*) of both the myocardium and the liver.
Towards Better Affect Detectors: Detecting Changes Rather Than States

Affect detection in educational systems has a promising future to help develop intervention strategies for improving student engagement. To improve the scalability, sensor-free affect detection that assesses students’ affective states solely based on the interaction data between students and computer-based learning platforms has gained more and more attention. In this paper, we present our efforts to build our affect detectors to assess the affect changes instead of affect states. First, we developed an affect-change model to represent the transitions between the four affect states; boredom, frustration, confusion and engagement concentration with ASSISTments dataset. We then reorganized and relabeled the dataset to develop the affect-change detector. The data science platform (e.g., RapidMiner) was adopted to train and evaluate the detectors. The result showed significant improvements over previously reported models.
MECHANISMS OF TOLERANCE TO ANTICHOLINESTERASE INSECTICIDE TOXICITY

Abstract Numerous investigators have observed that repeated exposure of animals to subacute doses of several anticholinesterase insecticides induces tolerance to the acute toxicity of the inducing compound. Earlier studies on disulfoton (DS) indicated that the tolerance that developed to repeated doses of this organophosphate (OP) compound were accompanied by a refractoriness to the direct acting cholinergic agonist carbachol. Most previous experimental studies on OP-tolerance utilized doses that initially produced obvious signs of poisoning, but recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated production of tolerance to carbachol in rats by feeding diets containing DS at levels which did not produce obvious toxic signs. We tested the hypothesis that the tolerance to DS was due to cholinergic receptor refractoriness by measuring the specific binding of 3 [H] quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), a cholinergic antagonist that reacts specifically with muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites. Rats or mice were given repeated daily doses of DS which initially (first 3–5 days) produced cholinergic signs of poisoning. After a period of 6 to 14 days of continued dosing signs of poisoning diminished or disappeared, indicative of tolerance development. At this time the animals were resistant to direct acting agonists as indicated by reduced mortality produced by carbachol and resistance to its bradycardia-producing action, and by resistance to the hypothermic and antinociceptive effects of oxotremorine. Isolated atria and isolated ileum strips taken from DS-tolerant rats were also resistant to the action of cholinergic agonists in vitro. Brain and ilea taken from DS-tolerant rats and mice had reduced QNB binding in vitro which corresponded in time of onset and duration to the onset and persistance of tolerance. Kinetic studies of QNB binding indicated there was a reduction in the number, but not the affinity of muscarinic binding sites. This tended to support the hypothesis that OP-tolerance was mediated through a loss of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, and, hence a refractoriness of acetylcholine responsive cells. However, no reduction in muscarinic receptor binding could be demonstrated in rat atria, suggesting that additional mechanisms of tolerance may be involved. Tolerance also developed to repeated exposure to the carbamate insecticide, propoxur (P), however there was no decrease in muscarinic receptor binding of QNB. In this case tolerance appeared to be mediated through enhanced metabolism of the carbamate.
Diffusion in rod/sphere composite liquids

The synthesis, characterization, and some studies of the dynamics of a new rod/sphere composite liquid are discussed here. The composite liquid consists of silica spheres (39.4 and 60.4 nm radius) and poly(γ-benzyl-α,L-glutamate) rods (102 000 and 249 700 g/mol molecular weight) dispersed without aggregation in dimethylformamide (DMF) or a mixture of DMF and pyridine. The solvent mixture was used to refractive-index-match dilute solutions of spheres. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to measure the diffusion constants of both the rods and the spheres simultaneously in the solution. Two dynamical regimes were observed for the diffusion of the rods with or without the spheres. The transition point between these two regimes was attributed to the change from dilute to semidilute dynamics. Sphere diffusion constants up to a value two times larger than expected from the Stokes-Einstein equation were measured for the composite liquid containing the large rod (249 700 g/mol) and the small sphere (39.4 nm) in accordance with the argument of Langevin and Rondelez [17]. The sphere diffusion constants measured for the liquid containing the large sphere (60.4 nm) and the small rod (102 000 g/mol) followed a stretched exponential decay with increasing polymer concentration: D/D 0=exp (−0.16 c 0.81). The c 0.81 dependence compares well to experimental results using coil polymers but not to the theories for rod solutions which predict a c 0.5 dependence. The similar concentration dependence found for rod and coil solutions suggests that polymer flexibility alone does not account for the deviation from the theoretical c 0.5 predictions. Instead, rod-rod hydrodynamic interactions may play an important role in this deviation.
File Hound: A Forensics Tool for First Responders.

Since the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) released their Electronic Crime Needs Assessment for State and Local Law Enforcement study results in 2001, several critical strides have been made in improving the tools and training that state and local law enforcement organizations have access to. One area that has not received much attention is the computer crime first responder. This paper focuses on the development and current results from File Hound, a “field analysis” software program for law enforcement first responders that is currently used by over 14 law enforcement agencies around the State of Indiana. It has been successfully used in several cases ranging from child pornography to fraud.
Chirped-pulse-amplification seed source through direct phase modulation.

This work presents integration of a directly chirped laser source (DCLS) into a high-energy optical parametric chirped-pulse–amplification (OPCPA) system. DCLS is an all-fiber, chirped laser source that produces nanosecond, linearly chirped laser pulses at 1053 nm for seeding high-energy chirped-pulse–amplification systems. DCLS produces a frequency chirp on an optical pulse through direct temporal phase modulation. A 1-ns, linearly chirped pulse with a 3-nm bandwidth is produced by applying an ~1000-rad (300π) quadratic temporal phase. The chirped pulse is amplified to 76 mJ in an OPCPA system and compressed to close to its Fourier transform limit, producing an intensity autocorrelation trace with a 1.5-ps width.
Annals On Call - Diverticulitis: Myth Versus Evidence

In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses the diagnosis and management of diverticulitis with Dr. Lisa Strate, the author of a recent Annals In the Clinic review.
MCAR, MAR, and MNAR Values in the Same Dataset: A Realistic Evaluation of Methods for Handling Missing Data

Missing data cannot be avoided in the social sciences and may pose problems for statistical analysis. Most methods for handling missing data perform well when missing values are MCAR while few meth...
Mind the gaps: What we don't know about cognitive impairment in essential tremor.

Abstract Introduction Although the hallmark feature of essential tremor (ET) is tremor, there is growing appreciation that cognitive impairment also occurs, including increased prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and increased prevalence and incidence of dementia. With emerging knowledge of ET-cognitive impairment, come fundamental questions regarding its course, bases, predictors and clinical outcomes. Studies in the general population and in Parkinson's disease (PD), a related movement disorder, offer a starting point from which to begin filling these clinically important knowledge gaps. Methods A PubMed search (June 2018) identified articles for this review. Results Much of our knowledge of cognitive impairment in ET is of the static condition (e.g., prevalence of cognitive impairment in ET), with nearly no information on its bases, predictors and dynamics (i.e., course, and clinical outcomes). In PD, where such data have been published, rates of cognitive decline and conversion to MCI/dementia are higher than in the general population. Predictors of cognitive change in PD and the general population have also been identified, yet they only partially overlap one another. Conclusion The predictors and dynamics of cognitive impairment have been investigated fairly extensively in the general population, to a somewhat lesser extent in PD, and are emerging only now in ET. We suggest that longitudinal studies specific to ET are needed, and we outline variables to be considered in these investigations. Increased knowledge of ET-cognitive impairment will facilitate meaningful counseling of patients and their families.
The effect of loss of SETD2 on mitochondrial dysfunction in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

567Background: SET domain-containing protein 2 (SETD2) is among the most commonly mutated genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Classically, SETD2 modulates chromatin structure via the ...
Enforced Disappearance: Family Members’ Experiences

The goal of this article is to describe the new experiences that close female family members of disappeared persons have after the enforced disappearance. These relatives experience rupture with their pre-disappearance lives. Their everyday routines cease and the search for the disappeared person takes over. Some relatives experience impoverishment and many lose their children or spouse to emigration. Parts or all of their extended family cut off ties, friendships end, and some neighbors avoid them. A local humanitarian or human rights organization and an association of relatives of disappeared persons come to occupy a central place in relatives’ lives and become “like a second family.” Focusing on enforced disappearance during the Pinochet dictatorship in Chile, this research is based on interviews with relatives of people who disappeared, on a year’s participant observation with a group of these relatives, and on the examination of relatives’ denunciatory art (dissident pictures in cloth called “arpilleras”).
Transmastoid approach for surgical repair of superior canal dehiscence syndrome

Patients with superior canal dehiscence syndrome may present with a myriad of auditory and/or vestibular complaints. Treatment of superior canal dehiscence syndrome depends on severity of symptoms and impact on quality of life. Surgery is recommended for patients with debilitating auditory and/or vestibular symptoms. The goal of surgery is to create a durable and watertight seal of the bony superior semicircular canal defect, thereby eliminating the “third window”. Repair involves either resurfacing and/or plugging of the dehiscent superior canal to eliminate the third window and reduce symptoms. Surgical options include middle fossa craniotomy or transmastoid (TM) approach. The main advantages of a TM approach includes (1) avoidance of a craniotomy, (2) lower risk of CSF leak, and (3) no brain retraction. The TM approach is ideal for superior petrosal sinus superior canal dehiscence cases as the defect is found medial along the skull base and can be isolated indirectly without direct manipulation of the brain and sinus. This chapter discusses the surgical technique of TM approach.
Learning While Playing: A Randomized Trial of Serious Games as a Tool for Word Mastery.

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether college students build their vocabularies by playing a serious game that incorporates principles of learning and memory. Design This study ...
Comparing total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of hip fracture.

Many studies have been conducted to identify the preferred method of surgical intervention in the treatment of intracapsular hip fracture, specifically between the techniques of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip hemiarthroplasty (HHA). Considering that hip fractures are a major cause of death, disability, and high health- care expenses throughout the world, research into ideal treatment selection has the potential for global impact. The authors of this editorial read with great interest the recent New England Journal of Medicine publication on the Hip Fracture Evaluation with Alternatives of Total Hip Arthroplasty versus Hemi-Arthroplasty (HEALTH) trial.
Cross-modal translation priming and iconicity effects in deaf signers and hearing learners of American Sign Language.

This study used ERPs to a) assess the neural correlates of cross-linguistic, cross-modal translation priming in hearing beginning learners of American Sign Language (ASL) and deaf highly proficient signers and b) examine whether sign iconicity modulates these priming effects. Hearing learners exhibited translation priming for ASL signs preceded by English words (greater negativity for unrelated than translation primes) later in the ERP waveform than deaf signers and exhibited earlier and greater priming for iconic than non-iconic signs. Iconicity did not modulate translation priming effects either behaviorally or in the ERPs for deaf signers (except in a 800–1000 ms time window). Because deaf signers showed early translation priming effects (beginning at 400ms-600ms), we suggest that iconicity did not facilitate lexical access, but deaf signers may have recognized sign iconicity later in processing. Overall, the results indicate that iconicity speeds lexical access for L2 sign language learners, but not for proficient signers.
Atypical ALPK2 kinase is not essential for cardiac development and function.

Several studies indicated the importance of ALPK2 for cardiac function and development. A recent study in zebrafish report that loss of ALPK2 leads to severe cardiac defects. In contrast, murine Al...
Employment Opportunities for Pediatric Critical Care Fellowship Trained Physicians in the United States

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) training programs and trained fellows in the United State increased steadily without a corresponding increase in population growth. PCCM trainees worry about limited employment prospects. This study aimed to quantify the demand for PCCM trained physicians in the United States by prospectively tracking full-time employment opportunities over 12 months. The number of advertised opportunities identified was low compared with number of fellows likely to be seeking jobs during same time period. If market demand remains stable, there is risk of excess supply if number of newly fellowship-trained PCCM physicians continues to rise.
Money demand in the United States: A quantitative review

Abstract There have been hundreds—perhaps thousands— of theoretical and empirical studies of the demand for money since the publication of Meltzer's (1963) work. In the graduate courses that I took during the mid-1970s, surveys of the literature on the demand for money included batteries of specifications that were distinguished by choice of (i) monetary aggregate studied; (ii) interest rates differing by term and issuer; (iii) scale variable; (iv) lag structure; and (v) imposition of homogeneity additional issues has emerged concerning the implicaions of financial deregulation and currency substitution under flexible exchange rates.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Sequential Targeting

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has opened up many unprecedented opportunities in revolutionizing the digital marketing field. In this study, we designed a DRL-based personalized targeting strategy. We show that it can address four important challenges in this area. 1) Sequential-decisions: accounting for the dynamic sequential behavior of consumers; 2) Forward-looking: balancing between a firm’s current revenue and future revenues; 3) Earning-while-learning: maximizing profits while continuously learning through exploration-exploitation; 4) Scalability: coping with a high-dimensional state and policy space. We illustrate the above through a novel design of a DRL-based agent. To better adapt DRL to complex consumer behavior dimensions, we proposed a quantization-based uncertainty learning heuristic for efficient exploration-exploitation. Our policy evaluation results suggest that the proposed DRL agent generates 26.75% more long-term revenues than can the non-DRL approaches on average, and learns 76.92% faster than the second fastest model among all benchmarks. Further, to better understand the potential underlying mechanisms, we conducted multiple interpretability analyses to explain the patterns of learned optimal policy. Our findings provide important managerial-relevant and theory-consistent insights. For instance, consecutive price promotions at the beginning can capture price-sensitive consumers’ immediate attention, while carefully spaced non-promotional “cool-down” periods between price promotions can allow consumers to adjust their reference points. Besides, consideration of future revenues is necessary from a long-term horizon, but weighing the future too much also dampens revenues. In addition, the optimal promotion sequence highly varies across consumer engagement stages. Overall, our results demonstrate DRL’s potential to optimize these strategies’ combination to maximize long-term revenues.
High-pressure structural and optical property evolution of a hybrid indium halide perovskite

Abstract Reported is the high-pressure structural and optical characterization of a chloroindium(III) hybrid perovskite consisting of isolated anionic [In2Cl10]4- dimers charge balanced by 4-iodopyridinium cations. No phase transitions were observed upon compression between 0 and 1.51 ​GPa. The metal-halide bond lengths of the dimers decrease slightly, resulting in reduced octahedral distortion of the InCl6 building blocks. The main mechanism of compression is between the anions and cations. Computational density functional theory (DFT) based natural bonding orbital (NBO) and density of state (DOS) methods were utilized to (i) map the band structure, (ii) quantify and categorize noncovalent interaction strength and type, and (iii) deconstruct metal-halide bonding orbitals. Findings reveal the appearance of a pressure induced hybridized molecular orbital containing both In3+ and Cl p-states, and slight enhancement of bridging In–Cl bonding as indicated by increased In3+ orbital character.
Red light stimulates vasodilation through extracellular vesicle trafficking

Red light (670 nm) promotes ex vivo dilation of blood vessels in a nitric oxide (NO) dependent, but eNOS independent manner by secreting a quasi-stable and transferable vasoactive substance with the characteristics of S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) from the endothelium. In the present work we establish that 670 nm light mediated vasodilation occurs in vivo and is physiologically stable. Light exposure depletes intracellular S-nitroso protein while concomitantly increasing extracellular RNSO, suggesting vesicular pathways are involved. Furthermore, we demonstrate this RSNO vasodilator is embedded in extracellular vesicles (EV). The action of red light on vesicular trafficking appears to increase expression of endosome associated membrane protein CD63 in bovine aortic endothelial cells, enhance endosome localization in the endothelium, and induce exit of RSNO containing EVs from murine facialis arteries. We suggest a mechanism by which the concerted actions of 670 nm light initiate formation of RSNO containing EVs which exit the endothelium and trigger relaxation of smooth muscle cells.
Effects of menthol use and transitions in use on short-term and long-term cessation from cigarettes among US smokers

Objectives To estimate the effect of menthol use and transitions in use (switching to or from menthol) on short-term and long-term cessation from cigarette smoking and whether this differed across demographic groups (age, sex, race). Methods We compared the probability of 30+ day and 12-month abstinence from cigarette smoking by menthol use status using two cohorts of US adult cigarette smokers who attempted to quit smoking in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (wave 1 to wave 3 and wave 2 to wave 4; n=5759), inverse probability of treatment weighting and adjusted risk ratios (aRRs). Results Using menthol (vs non-menthol) prior to a quit attempt decreased the probability of 30+ day abstinence by 28% (aRR=0.78; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.91) and the probability of 12-month abstinence by 53% (aRR=0.65; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.88). Additionally, switching from menthol (vs maintaining menthol use) increased the probability of 30+ day abstinence by 58% (aRR=1.58; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.50) and the probability of 12-month abstinence by 97% (aRR=1.86; 95% CI 0.92 to 3.74). Switching to menthol (vs maintaining non-menthol use) was associated with a lower probability of 30+ day (aRR=0.70; 95% CI 0.42 to 1.16) and 12-month abstinence (aRR=0.64; 95% CI 0.30 to 1.36), but these associations were imprecise. The effects of menthol use on impaired quitting were slightly larger for non-Hispanic Black smokers, but not different for other demographic groups. Conclusion These results demonstrate that menthol impaired menthol smokers’ attempts to quit smoking but switching from menthol improved success. This suggests that removing menthol may improve menthol smokers’ success during quit attempts.
AI and Business Model Innovation: Leveraging the AI Feedback Loop

The article analyzes the effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Business Model Innovation. It shows that AI enables key strategic feedback loops that constitute the core structure of a business model. The article provides a framework and discusses implications for managers and entrepreneurs who seek to leverage the AI feedback loop.
Utility of specific laboratory biomarkers to predict severe sepsis in pediatric patients with SIRS

Abstract Objective To identify the association between readily available laboratory biomarkers and the development of severe sepsis in children presenting to the emergency department (ED) with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, ED patient encounters from June 2018 to June 2019 that triggered an automated sepsis alert based on SIRS criteria were analyzed. Encounters were included if the patient had any of the following laboratory tests sent within 6 h of ED arrival: C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lactic acid, and procalcitonin. For each of the biomarkers, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was created for our primary outcome, severe sepsis within 24 h of ED disposition, and our secondary outcome, severe sepsis with a positive bacterial culture. For each ROC curve, we calculated the area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and created cutoff points to achieve 90% sensitivity and 90% sensitivity for the primary and secondary outcomes. Results During the study period, 4349/61,195 (7.1%) encounters triggered an automated sepsis alert. Of those, 1207/4349 (27.8%) had one of the candidate biomarkers sent within 6 h of ED arrival and were included in the study. A total of 100/1207 (8.3%) met criteria for severe sepsis within 24 h of arrival, and 41/100 severe sepsis cases (41%) were deemed culture-positive. Procalcitonin had the highest AUC for identifying severe sepsis [0.62 (95% CI 0.52–0.73)] while ESR and CRP had the highest AUC for culture-positive sepsis [0.68 (95% CI 0.47–0.89) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.53–0.81), respectively]. At 90% sensitivity for detecting severe sepsis, all of the biomarker threshold values fell within that laboratory test's normal range. At 90% specificity for severe sepsis, threshold values were as follows: procalcitonin 2.72 ng/mL, CRP 16.79 mg/dL, ESR 79.5 mm/h and lactic acid 3.6 mmol/L. Conclusion Our data indicate that CRP, ESR, lactic acid, and procalcitonin elevations were all specific, but not sensitive, in identifying children in the ED with SIRS who go on to develop severe sepsis.
Slippage: An Anthropology of Shamanism

If our knowledge of shamanism has been so abidingly partial, so impressively uneven, so deeply varied by history, and so enduringly skeptical for so long, how has its study come to occupy such prid...
Stoichiometry of the adenosine triphosphate requirement for N2 fixation and H2 evolution by a partially purified preparation of Clostridium pasteurianum.

Abstract Cold ethanol or acetone precipitated about 75% of the N2-fixing enzyme complex from extracts of Clostridium pasteurianum freed of nucleic acids. This simple preparation fixes about 45 nmoles of N2 per mg of protein per min and is adequate for many studies of N2 fixation. The preparation exhibited a dilution effect in N2 fixation supported by Na2S2O4 and an ATP-generating system. H2 was evolved vigorously through an ATP-requiring, CO-insensitive reaction; the preparation evolved H2 less vigorously in the absence of ATP through the CO-sensitive pathway unless ferredoxin was added. The N2-fixing complex required 4.0 to 4.6 molecules of ATP per H2 evolved or per third of a molecule of N2 fixed throughout the time course of the reactions. At pH 6.0 the ATP/2e- ratio approached 4.0, and it was near 4.6 at pH 8.0. Both N2 fixation and ATP-dependent H2 evolution had pH optima between pH 6.5 and 6.6.
Using VMware for dual operating systems

Many small college computing environments are limited to a Windows platform due to limited resources. There are a number of options for introducing Unix to a small computing environment or expanding its use with little expense. The most common approaches in the past have been the use of X-servers under Windows and dual boot systems. With the more recent introduction of VMware, a new and better alternative is now available. In this paper, we review the common approaches and introduce the use of VMware for dual operating systems.
Genetic control of cellular biochemistry.

The Present Paper deals with the cell, but we should not forget that the problems of the cell are at the same time the problems of the whole organism. I would like to consider briefly the gene and the cell, i.e., the relationship of genetic material to metabolism. I would like to consider this problem not only in terms of the cell, but in terms of man as well, since the field of biological research is not a field solely of academic interest. The problems of gene action and of the genetic control of metabolism are fields which are rapidly developing as fields of major importance to medicine, and, in fact, the impact of genetics may be perhaps felt most keenly in the years ahead in the field of pediatrics. In discussing the genetic control of cellular metabolism, one might first ask: What is meant when we speak of the genetics of a cell or of man? Basically, we are concerned with the nature and action of the material which is transmitted from cell to cell or from organism to organism, and which determines the traits of the succeeding generation. It has been clearly shown that the genetic material of the cell resides in its chromosomes, and that chemically, it is a polydeoxyribonucleotide, designated DNA for short.1,2 What makes one think that genetic material controls cellular metabolism? In recent years, the cytology of human cells has enjoyed a great resurgence of interest. It is now possible to grow human cells in tissue culture, and by this means human chromo somes can be studied with great care and precision.
Have Treatment Studies of Depression Become Even Less Generalizable? A Review of the Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Used in Placebo-Controlled Antidepressant Efficacy Trials Published During the Past 20 Years

Abstract Objective To compare the inclusion and exclusion criteria used in antidepressant efficacy trials (AETs) published during the past 5 years with those used in studies published during the previous 15 years. Patients and Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature review of placebo-controlled AETs published from January 1995 through December 2014. We included trials whether or not the medication has received regulatory approval for the treatment of depression. We compared the inclusion and exclusion criteria of studies published during the past 5 years (2010-2014) with those of studies published during the previous 15 years (1995-2009). Results We identified 170 placebo-controlled AETs published during the past 20 years, 56 of which were published during the past 5 years. The more recent studies were significantly more likely to exclude patients with comorbid Axis I disorders and personality disorders, patients with the episode duration either too long or too short, and patients who had made a suicide attempt in the past. The severity threshold on depression rating scales required for inclusion was higher in the more recent studies. Conclusion The inclusion and exclusion criteria of AETs have become more stringent over the past 5 years, thereby suggesting that AETs may be even less generalizable than they were previously (when concerns about their generalizability had already been raised).
Influence of nanocrystalline grain size on the breakdown strength of ceramic dielectrics

In an effort to develop transmission lines with higher energy storage capabilities for compact pulsed power applications, the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) and the University of New Mexico (UNM) have undertaken a collaborative approach to developing and studying ceramic dielectrics. At UMR, the electrical breakdown strength (BDS) of TiO/sub 2/-based materials is investigated for high energy density applications. The results of research to-date show that dense titania ceramics with nanocrystalline grain size (/spl sim/200 nm) exhibit significantly higher BDS as compared to ceramics made using coarse grain materials. Processing-microstructure-property relationships in TiO/sub 2/ systems are found to play a role with respect to increasing the BDS. At UNM, a pulsed power system is being assembled to perform BDS studies of the ceramic materials produced at UMR. Electromagnetic simulations in support of this work will also presented. The long-term aim of this research is to enable the fabrication of large sizes of high energy density ceramics for use in pulsed power systems.
The Evolutionary Effects of Democracy: In the Long Run, We are All Trading?

It is well established that democracy affects trade, but how does this relationship change over time? The results suggest that democracy increases trade openness both in the short and long run. However, democracy only leads to a reduction in trade restrictions in the short term. In addition, the durability of a polity is employed as an instrument in order to consider the possibility that democracy and trade are endogenously related. This method helps to isolate a causal effect of democracy on trade, and the results suggest that the economic effect of democracy is 2–3 times larger than under OLS.
Protein Patterns of Growing and Starved Cells of a Marine Vibrio sp.

Abstract Fingerprint protein patterns were produced by two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis on lysed cells of a Vibrio sp., Ant-300, which were prepared from growing and starved cultures. The cells were labeled with [35S]methionine during growth and subsequently starved for up to 30 days. Samples were taken at selected time points representing stages in the starvation-survival process. Unlabeled starved cells were allowed to recover in the presence of [35S]methionine to determine protein changes associated with the recovery from starvation. All growth conditions produced similar protein fingerprints; however, some protein spots disappeared, whereas others were seen only during starvation.
Seasonality in Prediction Skill and Predictable Pattern of Tropical Indian Ocean SST

AbstractSeasonality of sea surface temperature (SST) predictions in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) was investigated using hindcasts (1982–2009) made with the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2). CFSv2 produced useful predictions of the TIO SST with lead times up to several months. A substantial component of this skill was attributable to signals other than the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The prediction skill of the IOD index, defined as the difference between the SST anomaly (SSTA) averaged over 10°S–0°, 90°–110°E and 10°S–10°N, 50°–70°E, had strong seasonality, with high scores in the boreal autumn. In spite of skill in predicting its two poles with longer leads, CFSv2 did not have skill significantly better than persistence in predicting IOD. This was partly because the seasonal nature of IOD intrinsically limits its predictability.The seasonality of the predictable patterns of the TIO SST was further explored by applying the maximum signal-to-noise (MSN) empirical orthogonal function (EOF) m...
Solid-state 2H and 15N NMR studies of side-chain and backbone dynamics of phospholamban in lipid bilayers: Investigation of the N27A mutation

Phospholamban (PLB) is an integral membrane protein regulating Ca2+ transport through inhibitory interaction with sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA). The Asn27 to Ala (N27A) mutation of PLB has been shown to function as a superinhibitor of the affinity of SERCA for Ca2+ and of cardiac contractility in vivo. The effects of this N27A mutation on the side-chain and backbone dynamics of PLB were investigated with 2H and 15N solid-state NMR spectroscopy in phospholipid multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). 2H and 15N NMR spectra indicate that the N27A mutation does not significantly change the side-chain or backbone dynamics of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains when compared to wild-type PLB. However, dynamic changes are observed for the hinge region, in which greater mobility is observed for the CD3-labeled Ala24 N27A-PLB. The increased dynamics in the hinge region of PLB upon N27A mutation may allow the cytoplasmic helix to more easily interact with the Ca2+-ATPase; thus, showing increased inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase.
Observation of Second-Harmonic Generation from Wurzite Al x Ga 1-x N Multilayers in Reflection Geometry

We have observed second-harmonic generation from AlxGa1-xN multilayers in reflection geometry and measured the ratio between two elements of the second-order susceptibility tensor.
Thermodynamic models of phase transformations and failure waves

Abstract Dynamics and quasi-statics of heterogeneous systems with sharp interfaces are analyzed. We dwell on two particular problems: dynamics of two-layered liquid incompressible planets with phase interfaces and failure fronts in brittle solids. In the former, the dynamics of the interfaces is controlled by the equality or jump in the scalar chemical potential. Similarly, in the latter example, it is controlled by the asymmetric tensorial chemical potential. We made several simplifying assumptions to reduce the system of partial differential equations to the systems of ordinary differential equations. We briefly touch on still existing obstacles.
Photocatalytic Water Decomposition and Water-Gas Shift Reactions over NaOH-Coated, Platinized TiO2.

The photocatalytic decomposition of gaseous water takes place over platinized TiO2 coated with NaOH (more than 7 wt%). The quantum efficiency of H2 and O2 production reaches about 7% (20 μmole H2/hr) at the beginning of the reaction but declines with accumulation of the products due to the thermal back reaction over Pt. The effect of the back reaction can be reduced by increasing the NaOH loading. The photocatalytic activity of platinized TiO2 for the water-gas shift reaction increases with increasing NaOH coating. The rates of these photocatalytic reactions are independent of temperature in the range 18–50 °C. In NaOH solution, a pH effect on the rate of water photolysis over platinized TiO2 is observed.
Taxonomy of Leucophysalis (Solanaceae, Tribe Physaleae)

Abstract A taxonomic survey is presented for Leucophysalis. The genus is of interest because L. grandiflora has the northernmost distribution of any Solanaceae in North America and because of its possible link to certain Asian species of the family. A key to species, synonymy, and a discussion of generic relationships is included.