cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Severe iron poisoning treated with enteral and intravenous deferoxamine

An 18-month-old boy ingested approximately 18 g FeSO 4 , equivalent to 336 mg/kg elemental Fe. He rapidly developed severe gastroenteric symptoms, obtundation, and transient hypotension. The serum iron level two hours after ingestion was 6,798 μg/dL. He was treated with deferoxamine intravenously, enterally, and as a lavage solution. His hospital course was notable for lack of severe neurologic, hepatic, metabolic, or cardiovascular complications acutely with apparent complete recovery, although he returned six weeks after ingestion with intestinal obstruction due to a jejunal stricture.
Stereographic imaging condition for wave-equation migration

Imaging under the single-scattering approximation consists of two steps: wavefield reconstruction of source and receiver wavefields from simulated and recorded data, respectively,andimagingfromtheextrapolatedwavefieldsoflocations where reflectors occur. Conventionally, the imaging condition indicates the presence of reflectors when propagationtimesofreflectionsinthesourceandreceiverwavefields match. The main drawback of a conventional crosscorrelation imaging condition is that it ignores the local spatial coherence of reflection events and relies only on their propagationtime.Thisleadstointerferencebetweenunrelatedevents thatoccuratthesametime.Sourcesofcrosstalkincludeseismic events corresponding to different seismic experiments, propagation paths, types of reflectionsprimary or multiple, orwavemodesPorS.Analternativeimagingconditionoperates on the same extrapolated wavefields, but crosscorrelationtakesplaceinahigher-dimensiondomainwhereseismic events are separated based on their local space-time slope. Events are matched based on two parameters time and local slope, thus justifying the name “stereographic” for this imagingcondition.Stereographicimagingattenuateswavefield crosstalk and reduces imaging artifacts compared with conventional imaging. Applications of the stereographic imagingconditionincludesimultaneousimagingofmultipleseismic experiments, multiple attenuation in the imaging condition,andattenuationofcrosstalkbetweenmultiplewavefield branchesormultiplewavemodes.
Cobalt Targets Multiple Metabolic Processes in Salmonella enterica

Cobalt is essential for growth of Salmonella enterica and other organisms, yet this metal can be toxic when present in excess. Wild-type Salmonella exhibits several metabolic defects when grown in the presence of cobalt, some of which generate visible growth consequences. Work herein identifies sulfur assimilation, iron homeostasis, and Fe-S cluster metabolism as targets for cobalt toxicity. In each case it is proposed that cobalt exerts its effect by one of two mechanisms: direct competition with iron or indirectly through a mechanism that involves the status of reduced thiols in the cell. Cobalt toxicity results in decreased siroheme production, increased expression of the Fur regulon, and decreased activity of Fe-S cluster proteins. The consequences of reduced sulfite reductase activity in particular are exacerbated by the need for glutathione in cobalt resistance. Significantly, independent metabolic perturbations could be detected at cobalt concentrations below those required to generate a detectable growth defect.
A NEW SPIN ON CORDAGE: THE EFFECTS OF MATERIAL AND CULTURE

Cordage spin direction is primarily thought to be the result of cultural training, although some researchers also believe that it may, in part, reflect the innate structure of materials. To test whether material structure was the dominant determinant in the choice of spin direction, we spun yucca, cotton, and human hair both z-wise and s-wise. Z-wise spinning was easier and resulted in a tighter yarn for all three materials, although yucca showed the greatest difference in spin direction. Six collections of cordage from the Greater Southwest were analyzed, which showed that most cordage made from hard-leaf fibers, like Yucca spp. or Agave spp., was spun with an initial s-spin. We argue that in the Southwest, cultural factors are the dominant influence on cordage spin.
Loss of Daylight Vision in Retinal Degeneration: Are Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysregulation to Blame?

Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by loss of night vision, followed by complete blindness. Over 40 genetic loci for retinitis pigmentosa have been identified in humans, primarily affecting photoreceptor structure and function. The availability of excellent animal models allows for a mechanistic characterization of the disease. Metabolic dysregulation and oxidative stress have been found to correlate with the loss of vision, particularly in cones, the type of photoreceptors that mediate daylight and color vision. The evidence that these problems actually cause loss of vision and potential therapeutic approaches targeting them are discussed.
Very efficient search for protein alignment—VESPA

A novel approach to the problem of protein alignments is described, which in comparison with existing approaches is visibly more efficient. This approach is based on superposition of amino acid adjacency matrices of a pair of proteins, which have been modified to record the sequential order of amino acids. As a result, one obtains simultaneously all segments of the two proteins which are shifted relative to one another by one or more positions in either directions, without need of a prior exhaustive search for an alignment that included unproductive directions and unknown displacement steps.
Phase Stability and Optoelectronic Properties of the Bixbyite Phase in the Gallium–Indium–Tin–Oxide System

X-ray diffraction techniques were used to determine the phase boundaries of the In2O3 solid solution phase in the Ga2O3–In2O3–SnO2 ternary system. The effects of Ga and Sn content on the unit cell dimensions of the bixbyite phase were calculated by a linear regression fit, the results of which indicate the two substitutive cations have opposite and independent effects on the lattice parameter. These results suggest that the cations do not strongly interact with each other in the crystal. Measurements of optoelectronic properties were also taken on single-phase bulk specimens within the solid solution to establish their dependence on composition. As anticipated, Sn doping yields corresponding increases in conductivity, reduction in the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient, and increase in optical band gap. In contrast, these properties are not significantly affected by varying Ga content, confirming that Ga behaves as an isovalent dopant at the low doping levels involved.
A protocol for correcting experimental fusion enthalpies to 298.15 K and it's application in indirect measurements of sublimation enthalpy at 298.15 K

A protocol for adjusting fusion enthalpies as a function of temperature is described. The protocol combines two simple relationships previously proposed to adjust sublimation and vaporization enthalpies with temperature. This new protocol provides improved accuracy and precision relative to the other theoretical and empirical methods tested. Experimental fusion and vaporization enthalpies measured at different temperatures are adjusted to 298.15 K. Their sum when compared to experimental sublimation enthalpy values at 298.15 K deviates from the experimental values by approximately ±4 kJ for the 117 compounds used in the database. This protocol appears to function successfully for enthalpies measured from 200 to 500 K.
High-dose allergen exposure leads to tolerance.

Reports of decreased sensitization to cat allergen (Fel d 1) among individuals living with a cat or subjects exposed to high-dose cat allergen may be explained by the development of a form of high-dose tolerance resulting from natural exposure to an inhalant allergen. Although the epidemiological data regarding the relationship between exposure and sensitization to Fel d 1 are conflicting, the ability for high-dose Fel d 1 to induce a characteristic nonallergic immune response with a distinctive serum antibody profile has been established. Definition of this modified T-helper (Th)2 response to cat allergen, coupled with the renewed interest in regulatory T cells within the immunology field, has provided an avenue for exploring the mechanism by which IgE antibody-mediated responses are controlled. There is mounting evidence to suggest that the modified Th2 response is a variation of the allergic response and that the modified Th2-allergic axis is influenced by allergen dose and genetics. This article discusses putative immune mechanisms of tolerance within the context of an allergen-specific system. The relevance of high-dose allergen exposure and alternate factors such as endotoxin to the development of tolerance is considered. Fel d 1 exhibits unique molecular and immunological characteristics that may contribute to its tolerogenic properties. Major T-cell epitopes of Fel d 1 that preferentially induce regulatory factors have been defined. Furthermore, hightiter IgE antibody responses associated with atopic dermatitis are characterized by a defect in the T-cell repertoire that is specific to these epitopes. Identification of Fel d 1 epitopes that induce interleukin-10 may provide new targets for treatment.
Syntaxin 3 is necessary for cAMP- and cGMP-regulated exocytosis of CFTR: implications for enterotoxigenic diarrhea

Enterotoxins elaborated by Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli cannot elicit fluid secretion in the absence of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channe...
Relative potencies of L‐Glutamate analogs on excitatory neuromuscular synapses of the grasshopper, Romalea microptera

A series of 10 amino acid and 17 peptide analogs of L-glutamate were tested for their ability to block the neurally-evoked contractions of the retractor unguis muscle isolated from the grasshopper, Romalea microptera. The two most active amino acids other than L-glutamate were L-cysteine sulfinic acid and L-cysteic acid. Like L-glutamate, 3 × 10−3 M L-cysteine sulfinic acid was able to block completely the indirect contractile response of the muscle and to elicit muscular contractions. During desensitization or reduction of the neurally-elicited response, the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and graded, electrically-excited potential were almost completely abolished. Of the β-substituted amino acids, the compounds with the sulfonyl or sulfinyl groups were more active than the compounds with the phosphonyl or phosphoryl groups. Projection drawings of molecular models of the β-substituents indicated that the size of the β-substituent was a critical factor for activity. L-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2 × 10−2M) induced erratic contractions which were considered the result of an action on the postsynaptic membrane and not limited to the subsynaptic areas. Of the 17 peptides tested at 10−2M, 14 reduced the neurally-evoked contractions by 10% or more. L-Glutamic acid decarboxylase (10−4 g/ml) and α-bungarotoxin (2.5 × 10−5 g/ml) did not alter the neurallyevoked contractile response.
Statistical estimation of correlated leakage power variation and its application to leakage-aware design

Process parameter variations cause large changes in the delay and the leakage power consumption of scaled nanometer CMOS circuits. It has been shown that the layout of a circuit can significantly affect the variation in leakage power by controlling the effect of spatially correlated across-die process variations. In this paper, a method, which efficiently estimates the distribution of leakage power variation caused by correlated process variations, is proposed. The accuracy of the method was validated by comparing the estimated leakage power distribution with Monte Carlo simulation results on ISCAS benchmark circuits. Furthermore, it is shown how the method can be used as a guideline to determine the best possible layout of a circuit.
Mutation of the TGD1 Chloroplast Envelope Protein Affects Phosphatidate Metabolism in Arabidopsis

Phosphatidate (PA) is a central metabolite of lipid metabolism and a signaling molecule in many eukaryotes, including plants. Mutations in a permease-like protein, TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL1 (TGD1), in Arabidopsis thaliana caused the accumulation of triacylglycerols, oligogalactolipids, and PA. Chloroplast lipids were altered in their fatty acid composition consistent with an impairment of lipid trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the chloroplast and a disruption of thylakoid lipid biosynthesis from ER-derived precursors. The process mediated by TGD1 appears to be essential as mutation of the protein caused a high incidence of embryo abortion. Isolated tgd1 mutant chloroplasts showed a decreased ability to incorporate PA into galactolipids. The TGD1 protein was localized to the inner chloroplast envelope and appears to be a component of a lipid transporter. As even partial disruption of TGD1 function has drastic consequences on central lipid metabolism, the tgd1 mutant provides a tool to explore regulatory mechanisms governing lipid homeostasis and lipid trafficking in plants.
Capsule Endoscopy: Ways to Avoid Missing Lesions and to Optimize Diagnostic Yield

Capsule endoscopy allows complete endoscopy of the small intestine, and its diagnostic yield can be increased with proper patient selection and preparation for the procedure. The use of prokinetic medications and bowel-cleansing solutions may be beneficial, but further studies are needed. Simethicone may decrease bubbles in the small intestine. Incomplete studies warrant further evaluation with complementary radiology studies, such as computed tomography enterography or magnetic resonance enterography, double-balloon enteroscopy, or a repeat capsule endoscopy. Patients with delayed gastric emptying should be considered for a repeat capsule endoscopy with the capsule being placed in the duodenum at the time of an upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination. The yield of capsule endoscopy may be increased by spending more time examining the proximal small bowel and by utilizing the suspected blood indicator.
The Oncogenic 70Z Cbl Mutation Blocks the Phosphotyrosine Binding Domain-Dependent Negative Regulation of ZAP-70 by c-Cbl in Jurkat T Cells

T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement results in the activation of Src family (Lck and Fyn) and ZAP-70 protein tyrosine kinases, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple cellular substrates including the complex adapter protein c-Cbl. Moreover, Cbl is tyrosine phosphorylated upon engagement of growth factor receptors, cytokine receptors, and immunoreceptors and functions as a negative regulator of tyrosine kinase signalling pathways. Cbl associates via its phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain to the ZAP-70 pY292 negative regulatory phosphotyrosine. We recently demonstrated that the oncogenic Cbl mutant, 70Z Cbl, requires its PTB domain to upregulate NFAT in unstimulated Jurkat T cells. Here, we demonstrate that kinase-dead but not wild-type forms of Fyn, Lck, and ZAP-70 block 70Z Cbl-mediated NFAT activation. Moreover, 70Z Cbl does not upregulate NFAT in the ZAP-70-deficient P116 Jurkat T-cell line. The requirement for Fyn, Lck, and ZAP-70 is not due to tyrosine phosphorylation of 70Z Cbl, as mutation of all tyrosines in, or deletion of, the C-terminal region of 70Z Cbl (amino acids 655 to 906) blocks 70Z Cbl tyrosine phosphorylation but enhances 70Z Cbl-mediated NFAT activation. Further, 70Z Cbl does not cooperate with ZAP-70 Y292F to upregulate NFAT, indicating that 70Z Cbl and ZAP-70 do not activate parallel signalling pathways. Finally, the upregulation of NFAT observed upon ZAP-70 overexpression is blocked by Cbl in a PTB domain-dependent manner. We conclude that oncogenic 70Z Cbl acts as a dominant negative to block the PTB domain-dependent negative regulatory role of endogenous Cbl on ZAP-70, leading to constitutive ZAP-70 signalling and activation of transcription factors.
Fast voltage sag detection method for single-/three-phase application

Voltage sag is identified as a common undesirable power quality phenomenon in the distribution systems, which causes malfunction of sensitive loads and may even damage them. Implementation of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) makes it possible to suppress the effect of this phenomenon to protect sensitive loads. For this purpose, the time response of voltage sag detection is crucial. This paper proposes a simple detection method to achieve fast response without the need of phased locked loop (PLL), look-up table or complex computations. The proposed method has been implemented through simulation and experiment; and it has been tested under various conditions considering possible cases such as different amount of voltage sag, different amount of voltage sag angle at which voltage sag occurs and line frequency variation. According to the obtained results, the best and worst detection time of proposed method were measured 0.26 and 0.68 ms, respectively, which shows fast response of proposed method. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of proposed method.
Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Population and Cyclic AMP Production in Chicken and Rat Skeletal Muscle Cell Cultures

Expression of the beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) and its coupling to cyclic AMP (cAMP) synthesis are important components of the signaling system that controls muscle atrophy and hypertrophy, and the goal of this study was to determine if electrical stimulation in a pattern simulating slow muscle contraction would alter the betaAR response in primary cultures of avian and mammalian skeletal muscle cells. Specifically, chicken skeletal muscle cells and rat skeletal muscle cells that had been grown for 7 d in culture were subjected to electrical stimulation for an additional 2 d at a pulse frequency of 0.5 pulses/sec and a pulse duration of 200 msec. In chicken skeletal muscle cells, the betaAR population was not significantly affected by electrical stimulation; however, the ability of these cells to synthesize cyclic AMP was reduced by approximately one-half. In contrast, the betaAR population in rat muscle cells was increased slightly but not significantly by electrical stimulation, and the ability of these cells to synthesize cyclic AMP was increased by almost twofold. The basal levels of intracellular cyclic AMP in neither rat muscle cells nor chicken muscle cells were affected by electrical stimulation.
Les personnages kawaii et moé : figures ou figurines?

Cet article se propose d’explorer la question de l’envoutement au sein de la culture des mangas et des dessins animes japonais contemporains. L’auteur s’interroge sur la possibilite de l’envoutement a l’interieur d’une culture de masse et commence par aborder la question du point de vue des jeux de regards avant d’examiner deux courants specifiques de la culture otaku : le kawaii et le moe . Ayant constate les facteurs qui s’opposent a l’envoutement, tels que la nature collective de ces courants et le detachement qui semble les accompagner, l’auteure suggere alors que la figure envoutante se situe justement dans sa propre impossibilite, dans la quete perpetuelle qui l’entoure. Abstract This article aims to explore the question of bewitchment within contemporary manga and anime culture. The author questions the possibility of bewitchment within a mass culture, and starts off by tackling the question from the perspective of gaze exchanges, before examining two specific currents within otaku culture: kawaii and moe . After noting those factors which oppose bewitchment, such as the collective nature of these currents and the detachment which appears to go hand in hand with them, the author then suggests that the bewitching figure lies precisely in its own impossibility, in the perpetual quest which surrounds it.
Overcoming the Tension: Building Effective DNP-PhD Faculty Teams

A shift in terminal degrees held by nursing faculty is occurring as the number of doctor of nursing practice graduates continues to rise. This change has resulted in some uncertainty and tension. At the same time, there is a pressing need for collaboration among doctoral-prepared nurse leaders to improve care and outcomes for the population. An intellectual community that nurtures learning for all members serves as a blueprint for moving toward a professoriate that engages both doctor of nursing practice- and doctor of philosophy-prepared faculty and enhances scholarly activities, research, and teaching productivity. Although this may seem like an intangible concept, strategic steps can be instituted to promote positive relationships and transform the academic culture into an environment that fosters a vibrant intellectual life for all faculty members. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to propose that doctoral faculty embrace a transformational change to promote a community of scholars who serve as stewards of the discipline. Specific strategies for transforming the culture and building an intellectual community are described.
Synthese von Statistik und Cae für Abgasanlagen

Der Einsatz von FEM und CAE als Werkzeug zur Vorhersage der Lebensdauer von Abgasanlagen hat sich etabliert. Doch was ist, wenn die Realitat vom idealen Modell abweicht? Wie beurteilt man eine grose Menge von Bauteilen mit statistisch verteilten Belastungen und Bauteileigenschaften? Tenneco zeigt hier Wege auf, wie diese Aufgabe auch fur die komplexen Berechnungen der thermomechanischen Belastung zu losen ist.
Clostridium difficile infections in Veterans Health Administration acute care facilities.

OBJECTIVE A nationwide initiative was implemented in February 2014 to decrease Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in Veterans Affairs (VA) long-term care facilities. We report a baseline of national CDI data collected during the 2 years before the Initiative. METHODS Personnel at each of 122 reporting sites entered monthly retrospective CDI case data from February 2012 through January 2014 into a national database using case definitions similar to those used in the National Healthcare Safety Network Multidrug-Resistant Organism/CDI module. The data were evaluated using Poisson regression models to examine infection occurrences over time while accounting for admission prevalence and type of diagnostic test. RESULTS During the 24-month analysis period, there were 100,800 admissions, 6,976,121 resident days, and 1,558 CDI cases. The pooled CDI admission prevalence rate (including recurrent cases) was 0.38 per 100 admissions, and the pooled nonduplicate/nonrecurrent community-onset rate was 0.17 per 100 admissions. The pooled long-term care facility–onset rate and the clinically confirmed (ie, diarrhea or evidence of pseudomembranous colitis) long-term care facility–onset rate were 1.98 and 1.78 per 10,000 resident days, respectively. Accounting for diagnostic test type, the long-term care facility–onset rate declined significantly (P=.05), but the clinically confirmed long-term care facility–onset rate did not. CONCLUSIONS VA long-term care facility CDI rates were comparable to those in recent reports from other long-term care facilities. The significant decline in the long-term care facility-onset rate but not in the clinically confirmed long-term care facility–onset rate may have been due to less testing of asymptomatic patients. Efforts to decrease CDI rates in long-term care facilities are necessary as part of a coordinated approach to decrease healthcare-associated infections. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(3):295–300
Macromolecular structure of coals X. Thermodynamic interaction parameter for solvents and coal networks

The Flory thermodynamic interaction parameter, X, was calculated for a range of solvents interacting with the crosslinked macromolecular structure of coals of a wide range of carbon content.
Effects of the Reread-Adapt and Answer-Comprehend and goal setting intervention on decoding and reading comprehension skills of young adults with intellectual disabilities.

ABSTRACTObjective: Reread-Adapt and Answer-Comprehend (RAAC) + Goal Setting intervention is a reading intervention that addresses both oral reading fluency (ORF) and reading comprehension while supporting persistence and motivation for learners who struggle with reading. Method: We delivered the RAAC + Goal Setting intervention to five young adult learners with intellectual disabilities (ID) in a postsecondary education setting. In the study, we investigated the effects of the intervention on generalization of reading skills to novel passages. Results: Utilizing a response-guided and randomized multiple-baseline across the participants’ design, we failed to reject the null hypothesis of no treatment effects based on the computed p-value. Traditional visual analysis of the data also reached a similar conclusion, however, we found that two participants’ decoding skills improved during the intervention. Conclusions: We did not find a functional relation between the intervention and student reading performance.
Further Development of the Navier-Stokes Equations-Based Mean Flow Perturbation Technique

The evolution of disturbances in a mean basic state can be accomplished in several different ways. A relatively recent approach proposed by Touber and Sandham1 for shock-turbulent boundary layer interaction (STBLI) performs this task by advancing the Navier-Stokes equations and factoring out the changes associated with the mean basic state. In a recent effort,2 we have shown that this Navier-Stokes based Mean Flow Perturbation (NS-MFP) method reverts to the Parabolized, Linear and Global stability methods under appropriate conditions. NS-MFP solves an initial boundary value problem and is in principle capable of tracking the complete spatio-temporal evolution of disturbances in any 3-D mean flow. Here, we further analyze NS-MFP in the presence of (a) strong-gradient/discontinuities and (b) viscous stresses with the ultimate aim of using it for tracking disturbance evolution in 3-D swept STBLI. To analyze the effects of strong gradient and/or discontinuities, we investigate the interaction of an entropic spot with a Mach 2 normal shock using NS-MFP. The results obtained are quantitatively compared with corresponding theoretical linear interaction analysis (LIA) presented in the literature. To illustrate that NS-MFP captures the viscous terms accurately and is applicable to wall bounded flows; we examine the evolution of pressure perturbations on a Mach 2.0 laminar flat plate boundary layer. Finally, we apply the method to a 2-D STBLI problem, where an impinging shock with 9◦ wedge angle interacts with a Mach 2.3 turbulent boundary layer (Reynolds number 17, 500). Our results successfully capture the biglobal mode reported by other researchers, along with the intermediate frequencies characteristic of Kelvin-Helmholtz shedding in the mixing layer. Finally, we establish the suitability of the approach in analyzing a Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) generated basic state as an initial exercise to extend the technique to fully 3-D swept STBLI, for which LES are expensive.
Purification of VI Type B. Typhosus Strains

In a remarkable series of publications Felix and co-workers' established in 1934-1935 the following facts: 1. The virulence of B. typhosus strains, as measured by their lethal dose in mice, is related to their resistance against somatic (0) agglutinins. Highly virulent strains are nonagglutinable; avirulent strains are agglutinable. 2. This "0 resistance" can be overcome by cultivation at low temperatures (for instance 20 C.). Cultures of the fully virulent type ("Vi" type) B. typhosus strains (for instance, the "Watson" strain of the Lister Institute) give full O agglutination titers with a pure somatic (0) antiserum when grown at 20 C., or room temperature, whereas the same strain, or similar strains, give but slight, if any, agglutination when cultivated at 37 C. 3. There is present a hindering factor in these O resistant strains. They possess, as shown by Felix, besides the H antigen (which does not play any role in the phenomena discussed), a noticeable amount of the somatic (0) antigen, but this O factor is masked by the Vi factor, which itself is an anti-
Activation of Guthion by Tissue Preparations From the American Cockroach

Activation of Guthion® ( O,O -dimethyl S-(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-(4H)-ylmethyl) phosphorodithioate) and degradation of its active metabolite and P(O)S Guthion by whole tissues and tissue homogenates of the adult, female American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), were estimated manometrically by inhibition of house fly ( Musca domestica L.) head cholinesterase. A Guthion-activating enzyme system is present in several tissues of the American cockroach. The most active whole tissues, in descending order, were: Malpighian tubules, fat body, heart, nerve cord, ovaries and caeca. The fat body probably has the greatest capacity for anticholinesterase production per insect. Because P(O)S Guthion and the active metabolite of Guthion were degraded by tissue homogenates, the activation of Guthion by tissue homogenates was studied by blocking degradation of the active metabolite with 0.01 M sodium fluoride. Under these conditions, homogenates of the midgut and caeca were most active, followed by Malpighian tubules, fat body, foregut, and hindgut. Activation with homogenates required oxygen and NADPH2 or other nicotinamide nucleotides as cofactors.
The Neglected Missionaries

While doing bibliographic research on Africa for the Permanent Ethnographic Probability Sample at Northwestern University, I have had to comb much literature about Africa in my search for authors who have adequately described at least ten different aspects of the culture, have lived among the people for at least one year, and have some claim to knowledge of the native language of the people. In the investigation of bibliographies on over 400 African tribes, it has become quite evident that there is a relatively large body of detailed material written by missionaries which is seldom consulted in general research about Africa and is not readily available for use by persons with specialized research interests. These missionary reports are usually scattered in missionary records, in many journals (some of which are little known), and in books printed in small quantities by obscure presses. Most frequently they are written in German, Flemish, French, or Portuguese, and this, in addition to their not being readily available in most American libraries, may account for their not being consulted.
Is Prenatal Lead Exposure a Concern in Infancy? What Is the Evidence?

Background:Exposure to unhealthy and unsafe environments cause 1 in 4 deaths in childhood each year. Early exposure to lead beginning prenatally and continuing throughout childhood is one of the mechanisms associated with unhealthy and unsafe environments, particularly in industrial countries and ur
Phase Transitions and Coalescence Phenomena in Bi Clusters

In-situ UHV Raman scattering and ex-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements have been made on Bi clusters deposited on disordered C at 110K. Raman spectra show a structural phase transition from amorphous to nanocrystalline clusters at an equivalent film thickness of 8.5A. Changes in TEM cluster size distributions at the transition thickness provide evidence for growth coalescence phenomena assisting the transition. A combined TEM and Raman analysis leads to an estimate of about 1300 atoms per cluster at the transition. Interaction of atomic H with amorphous clusters yields a similar transition as seen in the Raman spectra for thicknesses of 6.5–8A. TEM distributions show evidence of H induced cluster motion, resulting in a mobility coalescence driven transition.
Spin-Adapted Formulation and Implementation of Density Cumulant Functional Theory with Density-Fitting Approximation: Application to Transition Metal Compounds.

Density cumulant functional theory (DCT) has recently emerged as an attractive ab initio approach for the treatment of electron correlation. In its orbital-optimized formulation (ODC-12) [J. Chem. Phys. 139, 204110 (2013)], DCT has been shown to provide reliable results for a variety of challenging chemical systems. Among the attractive properties of DCT are its size-consistency and size-extensivity, as well as the efficient computation of the molecular properties and analytic gradients. In this work, we present a new formulation and implementation of DCT that takes advantage of spin adaptation and the density-fitting approximation (DF-ODC-12). Our new spin-adapted DF-ODC-12 implementation is more efficient than the previous ODC-12 implementation with up to a ∼12-fold speed-up. We demonstrate the capabilities of DF-ODC-12 with a study of transition metal compounds, which require high levels of electron correlation treatment. For transition metal carbonyl complexes [Fe(CO)5, Cr(CO)6] and the ferrocene mole...
Theatrical jazz: performance, àṣẹ, and the power of the present moment.

The image is mesmerizing: a collage of bluish strokes and red accents; four squares that on deeper examination hint at both figuration and “repetition with revision” in the classical jazz formation...
Doubly Vinylogous Aldol Reaction of Furoate Esters with Aldehydes and Ketones

The use of bulky Lewis acids, aluminum tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide) (ATPH) and aluminum tris(2,6-di-2-naphthylphenoxide) (ATNP), in the doubly vinylogous aldol reaction between methyl-5-methyl-2-furoate and aldehydes or ketones is described. These reactions proceed smoothly and in high yields with both enolizable and non-enolizable substrates. This C–C bond-forming reaction enables a new bond construction for the synthesis of functionalized furans.
Solid–Liquid Work of Adhesion

We establish a tool for direct measurements of the work needed to separate a liquid from a solid. This method mimics a pendant drop that is subjected to a gravitational force that is slowly increasing until the solid–liquid contact area starts to shrink spontaneously. The work of separation is then calculated in analogy to Tate’s law. The values obtained for the work of separation are independent of drop size and are in agreement with Dupre’s theory, showing that they are equal to the work of adhesion.
El caso de Chilevisión: negociando discursos difíciles en la televisión chilena

Este articulo investiga la manera en que la red de television chilena Chilevision ha desarollado y cambiado durante los ultimos diez anos. A pesar de las limitaciones que podemos encontrar en cualquier red de television, asi como las restricciones impuestas en la television chilena, que son unicas en la historia reciente de Chile, esta red puso en el aire algunos programas de “reality TV” mas o menos revolucionarios durante el principio del nuevo milenio. En la primera parte del decenio, fue la mas intrepida de las cinco redes grandes, ofreciendo la mayor cantidad de temas sensibles y controvertibles. Ya no es el caso ahora
Pneumatosis Intestinalis Due to Extrinsic Compression From a Large Renal Cyst.

Pneumatosis Intestinalis Due to Extrinsic Compression From a Large Renal Cyst Ramprasad Jegadeesan;Tharani Sundararajan;Mitesh Patel;Rajeswari Anaparthy; American Journal of Gastroenterology
Children's First Experiences in School:

Children are products of their environment. When the learner comes to school, they bring their environment with them. It is important that educators help the learner adjust to the school environment and make the learner feel a part of the school. Allowing the children to develop the classroom rules, accommodating, and involving parents /family in the school environment is the beginning of a collaborative teaching and learning experience. Nurturing, bonding, and scaffolding with the urban learner is pivotal for the learner to excel to their fullest potential. In addition, appreciating and respecting cultural diversity is critical in helping the children reach their optimal potential.
Being, Doing, and Becoming: Fostering Possibilities for Agentive Dialogue

In recent decades, efforts toward standardization in U.S. classrooms have limited what and how students and teachers express the many cultural stances they bring to teaching and learning, providing little to no room for students and teachers to act in agentive ways. Drawing on Bakhtinian and Dialogical Self Theory, we focus on two case studies, both part of larger qualitative studies, to explore how a student and teacher engaged in dialogues with the many cultural I-positions within and the many cultural contexts they encountered. We profile a transgender youth’s heteroglossia in motion and “otherness in the self” as he aimed to support his own and others’ selves-in-dialogue. We also describe a secondary English teacher who, through dialogue with his many I-positions that converged in his classroom, positioned himself as an advocate for un(der)documented students. Finally, we discuss issues these dialogues and contexts raised and consider what is it that schools can and should be doing to foster possibilities for agentive dialogue that supports being, doing, and becoming.
Introduction: Additive/3D Printing Materials—Filaments, Functionalized Inks, and Powders

Additive manufacturing (AM) is usually defined as the process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, typically layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies, which remove material (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM). We refer the reader to the recent overview article by (Huang et al. in Journal of manufacturing science and engineering 137:014001–1, 2015) [1] on the wide array of activities in the manufacturing community in this area.
Dendrite growth and the effect of ectopic Rheb expression on cortical neurons

Ras homology enriched in brain (Rheb) is a GTPase that activates the protein kinase mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR). Rheb mutations cause intellectual delay and megalencephaly. mTOR hyperactivation causes a constellation of neurodevelopmental disorders called "mTOR-opathies" that are frequently accompanied by hyperexcitable cortical malformations. Cortical malformations within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and somatosensory cortex (SSC) frequently colocalize with hyperexcitability. Although Rheb and mTOR are implicated in the formation of cortical lesions, seizure activity, and defects in neuronal migration, the contribution of Rheb to changes in neuron size and dendrite morphology is not well established. Here, in utero electroporation of the developing embryonic brain was used to assess soma and dendrite growth in ACC and SCC layer II/III neurons. We found that between P0 and P21, neuronal soma size increased by 50 and 122 percent in the ACC and SSC, respectively. The increased size was accompanied by an increase in the number of basal dendrites and enhanced dendrite complexity. As an indicator of the involvement of the mTOR pathway in neuron maturation, phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) substrate S6 was identified in migrating cortical neuroblasts and maturing neurons. Notably, ectopic expression of Rheb caused cortical malformations comprised of ectopically positioned cytomegalic neurons with dendrite hypertrophy. This study provides a direct comparison of neuron maturation across two cortical regions during development, provides evidence for mTOR pathway activity during neuron maturation, and demonstrates that ectopic Rheb expression without mutation is sufficient to induce cortical malformations with cytomegaly and dendrite hypertrophy.
Book Review - Law and Competition in Twentieth Century Europe: Protecting Prometheus

There are a number of baffling questions when thoughtful United States scholars and practitioners observe the way competition law and policy has evolved in Europe and elsewhere. These include: Why is the United States relatively alone in criminalizing hardcore cartel behavior? Why is the United States so isolated in allowing a private right of action, let alone a treble damage remedy? Why are private rights of actions so seldom utilized abroad even where permitted by local law? Should the European Union continue to be enforced by the European Commission or by a new independent European Cartel Authority? Why is the European Union so successful in gaining new adherents to its vision of competition law at the expense of the United States view of such laws?There are also critical questions and assumptions about the origins of the concept of a European competition law. There is an often-expressed view that a "European" competition law is a misnomer, that EU competition law is either a pale reflection of an older and more mature U.S. antitrust law, a direct import from the United States, or merely a small portion of victor'sjustice imposed by the allies following World War II.These questions cannot be answered as a matter of first principles or even theory. The answers lie deep within the law, history, politics, and economics of the EU and its member states as they wrestle with the importance of competition policy and how to craft the appropriate system of laws.Professor David Gerber of lIT/Chicago-Kent College of Law has written Law and Competition in Twentieth Century Europe: Protecting Prometheus1 expressly to make the case for an indigenous competition law in Europe. He argues that there is a European competition law that stands independently of United States antitrust law and policy. He also argues that EU competition law and its national analogues all share common roots as a true pan-European competition law that developed on its own by policy makers aware of each other's efforts and consciously using developments in other nations to inform debates in their own arenas. No sensible reader can disagree with Gerber's first thesis and most will be convinced by the second and more intriguing part of his thesis as well.
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori using the rapid urease test

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major human pathogen which causes progressive gastroduodenal damage. Guidelines recommend that, unless there are compelling reasons to delay, treatment is indicated for all patients in whom the infection is diagnosed. The rapid urease test (RUT) is a popular diagnostic test in that it is a rapid, cheap and simple test that detects the presence of urease in or on the gastric mucosa. The sensitivity and specificity are generally high and many versions have been approved for use in humans. Best results are obtained if biopsies are obtained from both the antrum and corpus. The tissue sample embedded in the RUT gel can also be utilized for other tests such as for molecular based tests of microbial susceptibility or for host factors. False-positive results are rare if the RUT contains an antibacterial agent to prevent growth of urease-containing contaminants and the tests are discarded at 24 hours. The use of antimicrobial drugs and proton pump inhibitors as well as the presence of intestinal metaplasia may result in false-negative results. A negative test should not be used as the criteria for cure or in cases where accuracy is important for patient management such as in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Interpretation of the test should take into account the pretest probability and the prevalence of H. pylori in the population. The test can also be used to provide an informal assessment of the accuracy of the histopathology result and discrepancies should prompt a review of the histopathology and discussions with the pathologist.
Demonstrating the Superiority of the FCB Grid as a Tool for Students To Write Effective Advertising Strategy.

This paper demonstrates how strategies written according to the FCB quadrant and sextant grids will be superior to those written per textbook formula. As far as could be determined, this is the fir...
The realities of the paperwork reduction act of 1995: a government-wide strategy for information resources management

The strategic management practices required for the use of information and information technologies under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-13, 44 U.S.C. § 3501) comprise an important toolkit for federal agencies. There is a special need for strategic planning and management of information in an era of electronic government initiatives, homeland security, federal workforce retention problems, and inter/intragovernmental agency data sharing programs and systems. The PRA sets the policy agenda for information resources management in the US federal government and places the guidance and oversight for enacting the PRA in the Executive Office of Management and Budget (OMB). At both the level of guidance and practice, the PRA has had mixed success since it was initially signed into law in 1980. OMB has not met its statutory responsibilities under the PRA, and the federal government is left without a cohesive direction and agenda for information resources management.
DNA Gel Electrophoresis

The development of gel electrophoresis as a method of separating and analyzing DNA has been one of the forces driving the revolution in molecular biology for the last 20 years. In principle, DNA gel electrophoresis is conceptually easy to understand and technically easy to execute. In practice, there are a lot of small details that affect the accuracy and reproducibility of the results. This chapter presents a detailed description of the experimental methods used for DNA gel electrophoresis, designed as a guide for the investigator with little or no experience with this technique. The methods described here are those used every day in the author’s laboratory; additional protocols and ancillary techniques may be found in Sambrook et al. (1987). All discussions refer to the separation of double-stranded DNA molecules in slab gels, using unidirectional electric fields and fluorescent detection methods. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of large DNA molecules (Birren and Lai 1993) and DNA capillary electrophoresis (Righetti and Gelfi 1996) are described in detail elsewhere.
Abstract 139: Adherence and Persistence to Direct Oral Anticoagulants for the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism

Background: Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy may be a safe and effective oral alternative to low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or warfarin therapy for treatment for cancer-associated veno...
A New Software Concept for Computerized Materials Testing

A general purpose software system for computerized materials testing is described, and although the software was specifically developed for materials testing applications, it has been used in other real time data acquisition and reduction applications with success (for example, the system was used to reduce data stored in a transient recorder). The software is core resident and allows one to control materials tests in real time and record and reduce data from these tests in the high level, conversational BASIC language. Previous software for such applications usually required the user to have extensive computer programming skills. The system described greatly reduces the time necessary to write and debug programs for computerized materials test systems. The simplicity of the overall system makes the computerized materials test system available to a broader range of users.
Physiological and biochemical changes associated with acute experimental dehydration in the desert adapted mouse, Peromyscus eremicus.

Abstract Characterizing traits critical for adaptation to a given environment is an important first step in understanding how phenotypes evolve. How animals adapt to the extreme heat and aridity commonplace to deserts is an exceptionally interesting example of these processes, and has been the focus of study for decades. In contrast to those studies, where experiments are conducted on either wild animals or captive animals held in non‐desert conditions, the study described here leverages a unique environmental chamber that replicates desert conditions for captive Peromyscus eremicus (cactus mouse). Here, we establish baseline values for daily water intake and for serum electrolytes, as well as the response of these variables to acute experimental dehydration. In brief, P . eremicus daily water intake is very low. Its serum electrolytes are distinct from many previously studied animals, and its response to acute dehydration is profound, though not suggestive of renal impairment, which is atypical of mammals.