cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrative genomic analyses reveal mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Identification of genomic and epigenomic determinants of drug resistance provides important insights for improving cancer treatment. Using agnostic genome-wide interrogation of mRNA and miRNA expression, DNA methylation, SNPs, CNAs and SNVs/Indels in primary human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, we identified 463 genomic features associated with glucocorticoid resistance. Gene-level aggregation identified 118 overlapping genes, 15 of which were confirmed by genome-wide CRISPR screen. Collectively, this identified 30 of 38 (79%) known glucocorticoid-resistance genes/miRNAs and all 38 known resistance pathways, while revealing 14 genes not previously associated with glucocorticoid-resistance. Single cell RNAseq and network-based transcriptomic modelling corroborated the top previously undiscovered gene, CELSR2. Manipulation of CELSR2 recapitulated glucocorticoid resistance in human leukemia cell lines and revealed a synergistic drug combination (prednisolone and venetoclax) that mitigated resistance in mouse xenograft models. These findings illustrate the power of an integrative genomic strategy for elucidating genes and pathways conferring drug resistance in cancer cells.
Why Does Takeover Vulnerability Matter to Debtholders

Recent work documents that firms that are more vulnerable to takeover have higher borrowing costs. This paper investigates the reasons behind this stylized fact. My results show that firms with few antitakeover defenses face a higher cost of debt because lenders are concerned that takeovers may result in leverage increases. Specifically, I find that takeover vulnerability does not increase loan spreads when the loan deal contains covenants restricting leverage. In order to identify the effect of covenants on spreads, I use two instruments to control for the endogeneity of covenants, which arises from the fact that lenders are more likely to include covenants when lending to riskier firms. My first instrument exploits exogenous supply-side variation in the contracting strictness of the lead-arranger lender, induced by lender-specific factors such as the rate of past defaults suffered by the bank in unrelated loans. My second instrument makes use of the relation between syndicate size and the likelihood that a given loan includes covenants. This instrument exploits exogenous variation in the contribution of the deal to the idiosyncratic risk of the lead bank’s loan portfolio. The identifying assumption is that lead banks tend to include covenants in those loans whose risk has a higher correlation with the risk of their existing portfolio, so that they can syndicate a larger share of such loans. Overall, my findings show how debt covenants can successfully resolve agency conflicts between shareholders and debtholders. In the absence of covenants, takeover defenses have opposite effects on the cost of equity and debt capital. Yet this difference disappears when debt deals contain leverage-limiting covenants.
Dynamics Of DNA Replication Loops Reveal Temporal Control Of Lagging-strand Synthesis

In all organisms, the protein machinery responsible for the replication of DNA, the replisome, is faced with a directionality problem. The antiparallel nature of duplex DNA permits the leading-strand polymerase to advance in a continuous fashion, but forces the lagging-strand polymerase to synthesize in the opposite direction. By extending RNA primers, the lagging-strand polymerase restarts at short intervals and produces Okazaki fragments. At least in prokaryotic systems, this directionality problem is solved by the formation of a loop in the lagging strand of the replication fork to reorient the lagging-strand DNA polymerase so that it advances in parallel with the leading-strand polymerase. The replication loop grows and shrinks during each cycle of Okazaki-fragment synthesis. Here, we employ single-molecule techniques to visualize, in real time, the formation and release of replication loops by individual replisomes of bacteriophage T7 supporting coordinated DNA replication. Analysis of the distributions of loop sizes and lag times between loops reveals that initiation of primer synthesis and the completion of an Okazaki fragment each serve as a trigger for loop release. The presence of two triggers may represent a fail-safe mechanism ensuring the timely reset of the replisome after the synthesis of every Okazaki fragment.
AI Traffic Control System Based on Deepstream and IoT Using NVIDIA Jetson Nano

With the rapid growth of population and economic development, the number of vehicles is increasing day by day. Which leads to traffic congestion. In certain time slots of the day, it becomes unbearable. So, it has become very difficult to control the traffic and maintain traffic law and order traditionally. Thus, it creates a demand for an improved and optimized traffic management system. Fixed timers or manual control are being used in conventional ways of traffic control, which has been proven ineffective to mitigate this situation. In this paper, a completely new system has been introduced to solve the problem of traffic congestion. Which will monitor vehicle traffic in real-time and the system is smart enough to detect traffic conditions and provide decisions depending on the situation. Besides that, the system is designed in a such way, that can also detect the number plate of those vehicles which violate the traffic rules. Advanced features have been added to inform law enforcement agencies about that number plate and send a confirmation message to the driver mentioning the amount of penalty. Throughout the paper, attempts have been made to represent this system's advancement and efficiency over the existing manual traffic control system.
Archerfish respond to a hunting robotic conspecific.

While the unique hunting behavior of archerfish has received considerable scientific attention, the specific social cues that govern behaviors like intraspecific kleptoparasitism in the species are less understood. This paper asks whether the use of a robotic facsimile representing an archerfish can elicit a social response if it approximates an archerfish’s appearance, along with key features of its hunting behavior. We found that the fish respond to the robot when it hunted, as indicated by decreasing distances between the robot and fish (and among the fish) during the robot’s hunting behavior sequence, as well as higher net transfer entropy when the robot was hunting. These effects were present even when the robot’s “hunt” was unproductive and did not result in food. The temporal pattern of fish approach to the robot and each other indicated that the segment of robot hunting behavior proximal to the robotic facsimile shot elicited fish behavior initially. However, earlier cues in the robot’s hunting sequence became important following more experience with a food contingency. This indicates that further studies could use a robotic facsimile to conduct a detailed stimulus analysis, changing aspects of the robot’s appearance and behavior to uncover the basic mechanisms of information transfer among individuals in a social hunting scenario.
Distilling Transformers for Neural Cross-Domain Search.

Pre-trained transformers have recently clinched top spots in the gamut of natural language tasks and pioneered solutions to software engineering tasks. Even information retrieval has not been immune to the charm of the transformer, though their large size and cost is generally a barrier to deployment. While there has been much work in streamlining, caching, and modifying transformer architectures for production, here we explore a new direction: distilling a large pre-trained translation model into a lightweight bi-encoder which can be efficiently cached and queried. We argue from a probabilistic perspective that sequence-to-sequence models are a conceptually ideal---albeit highly impractical---retriever. We derive a new distillation objective, implementing it as a data augmentation scheme. Using natural language source code search as a case study for cross-domain search, we demonstrate the validity of this idea by significantly improving upon the current leader of the CodeSearchNet challenge, a recent natural language code search benchmark.
Conrad’s Anarchist Tales

Anarchist fiction was a popular genre by the time Conrad wrote his first anarchist tale. The conventions of so-called dynamite novels reflected and reinforced the public’s conceptions of anarchists. Conrad adopted some of these conventions, particularly those in Henry James’s The Princess Casamassima and Isabel Meredith’s A Girl Among the Anarchists, but Conrad erodes the premises of the genre through irony and ambiguity. The frame narrators in “An Anarchist” and “The Informer” discover that their assumptions about anarchists do not fit the ones they meet. They see that anarchists are not fanatics and that the police manipulate suspects. Terrorism Studies validates these insights, and postcritique makes them part of the interpretive context.
Total x-ray power measurements in the Sandia LIGA program.

Total X-ray power measurements using aluminum block calorimetry and other techniques were made at LIGA X-ray scanner synchrotron beamlines located at both the Advanced Light Source (ALS) and the Advanced Photon Source (APS). This block calorimetry work was initially performed on the LIGA beamline 3.3.1 of the ALS to provide experimental checks of predictions of the LEX-D (LIGA Exposure- Development) code for LIGA X-ray exposures, version 7.56, the version of the code in use at the time calorimetry was done. These experiments showed that it was necessary to use bend magnet field strengths and electron storage ring energies different from the default values originally in the code in order to obtain good agreement between experiment and theory. The results indicated that agreement between LEX-D predictions and experiment could be as good as 5% only if (1) more accurate values of the ring energies, (2) local values of the magnet field at the beamline source point, and (3) the NIST database for X-ray/materials interactions were used as code inputs. These local magnetic field value and accurate ring energies, together with NIST database, are now defaults in the newest release of LEX-D, version 7.61. Three dimensional simulations of the temperature distributions inmore » the aluminum calorimeter block for a typical ALS power measurement were made with the ABAQUS code and found to be in good agreement with the experimental temperature data. As an application of the block calorimetry technique, the X-ray power exiting the mirror in place at a LIGA scanner located at the APS beamline 10 BM was measured with a calorimeter similar to the one used at the ALS. The overall results at the APS demonstrated the utility of calorimetry in helping to characterize the total X-ray power in LIGA beamlines. In addition to the block calorimetry work at the ALS and APS, a preliminary comparison of the use of heat flux sensors, photodiodes and modified beam calorimeters as total X-ray power monitors was made at the ALS, beamline 3.3.1. This work showed that a modification of a commercially available, heat flux sensor could result in a simple, direct reading beam power meter that could be a useful for monitoring total X-ray power in Sandia's LIGA exposure stations at the ALS, APS and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL).« less
Provocation of myocardial ischemic events during initiation of vasodilator therapy for severe chronic heart failure: Clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of 52 consecutive patients with ischemie cardiomyopathy

Abstract Although hydralazine provokes myocardial ischemie events in hypertensive patients not in heart failure by producing reflex tachycardia, the frequency of and mechanisms underlying ischemie events when this drug is administered as a vasodilator agent to patients with heart failure is unknown. The responses to hydralazine in 52 consecutive patients with severe chronic heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease were reviewed. Twelve patients (23 percent) had 16 ischemie events during the initial administration of hydralazine (angina at rest in 12 and myocardial infarction in 4); these generally occurred in the absence of significant tachycardia and hypotension. Thirty-five of the 52 patients received nitroprusside (8 of whom had ischemie events with hydralazine), but this drug provoked ischemia in only 1 of the 35 although it resulted in greater decreases in systemic arterial pressure than occurred with hydralazine. In patients with an ischemie event only with hydralazine, left ventricular filling pressure decreased 14.6 mm Hg with nitroprusside but only 3.9 mm Hg with hydralazine (probability [p]
Visual Search and Visual Lobe Size

An experiment was conducted to explore the transfer of training between visual lobe measurement tasks and visual search tasks. The study demonstrated that lobe practice improved the visual lobe, which in turn resulted in improved visual search performance. The implication is that visual lobe practice on carefully chosen targets can provide an effective training strategy in visual search and inspection. Results obtained from this research will help us in devising superior strategies for a whole range of tasks that have a visual search component (e.g., industrial inspection, military target acquisition). Use of these strategies, will ultimately lead to superior search performance.
Homenagem a Julio Camarena

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2005 Pages: 304 Details: No. 11/12 Publisher: Centro de Estudos Ataide Oliveira - Universidade do Algarve
Inter- and Intra-annual precipitation variability and associated relationships to ENSO and the IOD in southern Africa

Precipitation variability at inter- and intra-annual scales may influence land-use management decisions in semi-arid savannas worldwide, and in particular, over the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA) in southern Africa. Over KAZA, spatiotemporal precipitation variability forced by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is important to local and regional-scale decisions for planting, livestock grazing, and wildlife migration patterns. We investigate the annual water year (October–September) and early rainy season [October–November–December (OND)] precipitation patterns during 60 years before and after a 1970s shift in the global ocean–atmosphere system for this region in southern Africa. The coincidence of the number of wet (upper tercile) and dry (lower tercile) years and OND seasons during the various phases of ENSO and IOD are compared prior to (1950–1975) and after (1980–2008) the 1970s climate shift over KAZA. Since the 1970s climate shift, KAZA has been significantly drier and observed fewer wet years and OND seasons. ENSO is the dominant forcing of precipitation differences over southern Africa before and after the 1970s climate shift, with IOD playing a secondary role. However, when ENSO and IOD phases are analysed simultaneously, El Nino and positive IOD events are significantly related to dry periods. The forcing of atmospheric circulation over southern Africa before and after the 1970s climate shift during El Nino and La Nina events is significantly different. Prior to the 1970s climate shift, atmospheric circulation during El Nino (La Nina) favoured strong (weak) precipitation increases (decreases). Afterward the 1970s climate shift, atmospheric circulation during La Nina (El Nino) favoured strong (weak) precipitation decreases (increases). The shifting nature of climate modes, especially ENSO, and respective influence on rainfall variability for southern Africa is important to understand to better inform seasonal climate forecasts to improve operational decision-making for land-use and water management decisions in semi-arid savanna regions.
5GHz low-phase-noise oscillator based on FBAR with low TCF

A 5 GHz oscillator with phase noise of -109.5 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset (more than 10 dBc/Hz better than the best LC oscillator and 4 dBc/Hz better than the best value reported in the literature) has recently been demonstrated with a 5 GHz Al/ZnO/Al/SiO/sub 2/ FBAR (film bulk acoustic resonator). The 5 GHz FBAR is fabricated through a simple, clean, and CMOS-compatible fabrication process, and is measured to have Q of about 300, K/sub t//sup 2/ of 4.3% and TCF (temperature coefficient of frequency) of -8.7 ppm//spl deg/C between 25 and 100/spl deg/C.
Studies of Seismic Response of Clay Banks

Surface acceleration measurements on small scale clay banks show good agreement with predicted response using the finite element method of analysis incorporating laboratory determined dynamic soil properties. The model test embankments (i.e., a soil mass consisting of a slope with an extensive horizontal surface behind the crest and beyond the toe of the slope) were constructed of a soft kaolinite-montmorillonite mixture on the roughened surface of a horizontal shaking table. The embankments were 3 in. to 6 in. thick and 15 in. wide, and extended to about 10 ft. in length, and included a 4:1 slope. Response of the embankments studied was found to be independent of the width. Three different embankment configurations were studied. The embankments were subjected to sinusoidal base acceleration at various frequencies. Based on the success with the finite element method of analysis using laboratory determined moduli and damping characteristics, it seems reasonable to conclude that the response of full scale soil layers could be predicted with reasonable accuracy by the finite element method if appropriate soil parameters are included in the computations.
Role of glutamate receptors and nitric oxide in the rostral ventromedial medulla in visceral hyperalgesia

The present study was undertaken to examine the involvement of descending pain modulatory systems from the brainstem rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in modulating visceral hyperalgesia produced by intracolonic instillation of zymosan. Three hours after intracolonic zymosan, the visceromotor response (VMR) to noxious colorectal distension (CRD, 80 mmHg, 20s) was increased significantly. This hyperalgesia was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner by the selective NMDA receptor antagonist APV (10-30 fmol, 1 microl) microinjected into the RVM. The hyperalgesia was also attenuated by intra-RVM administration of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME. In support, there was a significant increase in the number of cells in the RVM labeled for NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) or neuronal NOS (nNOS) in zymosan-treated rats. In contrast to the effects of APV and L-NAME, administration of the non-NMDA receptor antagonist DNQX into the RVM further enhanced the already facilitated VMR to CRD in zymosan-treated rats. Taken together, these data suggest that zymosan-produced visceral hyperalgesia is influenced by two descending pain modulatory systems: a facilitatory system mediated by activation of NMDA receptors in the RVM and production of nitric oxide, and an inhibitory system mediated by activity at non-NMDA receptors in the RVM. The unmasking of one system by selective blockade of the other suggests simultaneous activation of both by colonic inflammation.
Phantom Pain in a Patient with Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury

Objective Phantom limb pain is a painful sensation perceived in the absent limb following surgical or traumatic amputation. Phantom limb sensations, which are nonpainful, occur in nearly all amputees. Deafferentation can also produce similar symptoms. Here we report the presence of phantom pain in a deafferented limb. Design Case report. Setting Hospital-based outpatient clinic. Patient A 65-year-old man was referred to the pain clinic for management of upper extremity pain secondary to brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) following a motor vehicle accident. Initially he noticed a feeling of growing and shrinking of his arm. Following this, the pain started gradually from his elbow extending to his fingertips covering all dermatomes. He described the pain as continuous, severe, and sharp. He also described the arm as being separate from his existing insensate arm and felt as though the fist was closed with the thumb pointing out. On physical examination, he had no sensation to fine touch or pressure below the elbow. There were no consistent areas of allodynia. He had diffuse muscle wasting in all the muscle groups of his left upper extremity, besides winging of the scapula. Electrodiagnostic studies showed a left brachial plexopathy consistent with multilevel nerve root avulsion sparing the dorsal rami. Conclusion This is a report of phantom limb sensations and phantom pain following BPA in an intact but flaccid and insensate limb.
Analysis of Virulence of Clinical Isolates of Salmonella enteritidis In Vivo and In Vitro

Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis ( S. enteritidis ) is a major food-borne pathogen, and its incidence among all Salmonella serotypes has increased dramatically in the last two decades. To study the virulence characteristics of clinical isolates of S. enteritidis , we determined the 50% lethal doses (LD 50 ) in mice of isolates of two major phage types (4 and 8). Isolates of both phage types showed a wide range of LD 50 after oral inoculation, varying from under 10 2 organisms to over 10 8 organisms. No significant difference in LD 50 was observed between the phage types. These observations indicated that clinical isolates of S. enteritidis are highly heterogeneous in their ability to cause death in mice. We compared the LD 50 s of these isolates to the results observed from in vitro pathogenicity assays. We also analyzed these isolates for recognized Salmonella virulence loci ( spv , sodCI , sopE , and sef ). The in vitro phenotypes of the isolates showed no obvious correlation with their LD 50 in any given assay, and the virulence genes tested were present in all isolates. However, the isolate with the lowest LD 50 (isolate 97A 2472) was resistant to acidified sodium nitrite (ASN). Moreover, the most acid-susceptible, macrophage-susceptible, and ASN-susceptible isolates were attenuated for virulence in mice. These results, based on extensive analysis of clinical isolates of S. enteritidis , demonstrate the complex nature of Salmonella pathogenesis in mice. Our results also indicate the limitation of in vitro assays in predicting in vivo virulence.
Texture-based pattern retrieval from image databases

Recent technological advances have made it possible to process and store large amounts of image data. Perhaps the most impressive example is the accumulation of image data in scientific applications such as medical or satellite imagery. However, in order to realize their full potential, tools for efficient extraction of information and for intelligent searches in image databases need to be developed. This paper describes a new approach to image data retrieval which allows queries to be composed of local intensity patterns. The intensity pattern is converted into a feature representation of reduced dimensionality which can be used for searching similar-looking patterns in the database. This representation is obtained by filtering the pattern with a bank of scale and orientation selective filters modeled using Gabor functions. Experimental results are presented which illustrate that the proposed representation preserves the perceptual similarities, and provides a powerful tool for content-based image retrieval.
Effect of ATP on the redox cycle of respiratory chain-linked DPNH dehydrogenase and the localization of coupling site I.

Abstract On adding DPNH to a phosphorylating membrane preparation in the presence of O2 the reduction of a chromophore, which has been tentatively identified as nonheme iron of DPNH dehydrogenase, may be observed by dual wavelength spectrophotometry at 470–500 mμ. With rotenone or piericidin present a part of the chromophore remains permanently bleached even after exhaustion of the DPNH. ATP, however, causes rapid and complete reoxidation of the chromophore. This effect is abolished by oligomycin and dinitrophenol. Control experiments show that under these conditions the rotenone block between DPNH dehydrogenase and cytochrome b is substantially complete. Analysis of the data suggest that coupling site I is located between the specific binding site of rotenone and the nonheme irons responsible for the g=1.94 signal, both of which appear to be constituents of DPNH dehydrogenase.
Vasopressin inhibition via combined head-out water immersion and a prostaglandin E-1 precursor in the treatment of male reproductive failure due to chronic alcohol abuse.

Abstract Male reproductive failure and infertility are quite common in alcoholics. There are very high correlations between elevated vasopressin levels and male infertility on the one hand, and probable deficiencies of prostaglandin E1 which may raise levels of PGE2 and endorphins which, in turn, release vasopressin on the other. Since head-out water immersion rapidly decreases vasopressin levels, a suggested joint protocol of head-out water immersion and a prostaglandin E-1precursor is proposed for male reproductive failure in alcoholics.
Effect of Light Intensity and Other Factors on the Color of Frozen Prepackaged Beef

Abstract Color shelf life of prepackaged frozen retail beef cuts exposed to light (0–2000 lx) at temperatures between −1 and −40°C varied from less than 1 day to more than 90 days, depending on light intensity and temperature. Color shelf life increased with decreasing light intensity at temperatures above −29°C; for example. 100–250 lx gave 5–10 days shelf life at −18°C At −40°C color shelf life was unaffected by light intensity. Carbon monoxide pretreatment produced bright red appearance with greatly improved color shelf life. Other factors tested included two kinds of fluorescent light (no difference), high and low oxygen permeability films (no difference) and the effect of thawing (no effect on appearance).
Chemically well-defined self-assembled monolayers for cell culture: toward mimicking the natural ECM

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of biological macromolecules that surrounds cells within tissues. In addition to serving as a physical support, the ECM actively influences cell behavior by providing sites for cell adhesion, establishing soluble factor gradients, and forming interfaces between different cell types within a tissue. Thus, elucidating the influence of ECM-derived biomolecules on cell behavior is an important aspect of cell biology. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have emerged as promising tools to mimic the ECM as they provide chemically well-defined substrates that can be precisely tailored for specific cell culture applications, and their application in this regard is the focus of this review. In particular, this review will describe various approaches to prepare SAM-based culture substrates via non-specific adsorption, covalent immobilization, or non-covalent sequestering of ECM-derived biomolecules. Additionally, this review will highlight SAMs that present ECM-derived biomolecules to cells to probe the role of these molecules in cell-ECM interactions, including cell attachment, spreading and ‘outside-in’ signalingviafocal adhesion complex formation. Finally, this review will introduce SAMs that can present or sequester soluble signaling molecules, such as growth factors, to study the influence of localized soluble factor activity on cell behavior. Together, these examples demonstrate that the chemical specificity and variability afforded by SAMs can provide robust, well-defined substrates for cell culture that can simplify experimental design and analysis by eliminating many of the confounding factors associated with traditional culture substrates.
Long term regional patterns and transfrontier exchanges of airborne sulfur pollution in Europe

Abstract This paper reports on progress to date of an ongoing effort to develop, evaluate and apply a European Regional Model of Air Pollution (EURMAP). This model is capable of calculating longterm (monthly, seasonal and/or annual) averages of the contributions from SO 2 in individual emittor countries to SO 2 and SO 4 2− concentrations, dry deposition and wet deposition in receptor countries. The model covers all of western and central Europe, a geographical area 2100 km × 2250 km in size. A trajectory-type approach is used, which involves the tracking of pollutant ‘puffs’ released from each emissions cell in an extensive 32 × 36 grid. Meteorological data in the form of wind and precipitation values from some 45 upper-air and 535 surface stations are input at 6-hourly intervals for use in the calculations of puff transport and wet deposition. A wet deposition coefficient is used that depends upon precipitation rate. The preliminary model has been used to calculate annualized as well as monthly mean maps for January, April, July and October 1973 of SO 2 and SO 4 2− concentration, dry deposition and wet deposition patterns resulting from SO 2 emissions in 13 countries in western and central Europe. The dry and wet deposition patterns are presented, along with values of calculated international exchanges of SO 2 and SO 4 2− wet and dry deposition among these various countries. The EURMAP results are compared with those from Fisher's (1975) model and the LRTAP model (Ottar, 1978; OECD, 1977). In many (but not all) respects the results from the three models are similar. The possible reasons for the differences revealed by this comparison are examined.
Mixed myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic disorders

When the French-American-British (FAB) classification system was first devised in the 1970s for the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) was included in the FAB MDS classification schema. It always appeared out of place, however, at least when compared with the other FAB MDS categories, as CMML clearly has some features of a myeloproliferative disorder. Yet CMML also did not fit well with the traditional four myeloproliferative disorders. In the 1990s there was ongoing discussion about distinguishing a proliferative type of CMML versus a dysplastic type of CMML, based primarily on the total white blood cell count. In 2001 the World Health Organization reclassified most of the hematologic malignancies, creating a new category of mixed myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases. Finally, CMML has an appropriate home, along with other disorders that seem to fit quite well in this “mixed” category.
The use of therapeutic drug monitoring to optimise immunosuppressive therapy.

Most experience of the therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive agents has been acquired in the field of solid organ transplantation; however, agents such as cyclosporin (cyclosporin A) are being increasingly utilised for the management of autoimmune diseases.
Spatial Magnitude, Orientation, and Velocity of the Normal and Abnormal QRS Complex

Curves of spatial magnitude, orientation, and velocity of the QRS complex were obtained by digital computation from 252 normal and 328 abnormal orthogonal electrocardiograms (Frank system). An attempt was made to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of this type of spatial data display. Because of interindividual variability in QRS duration it was not possible to compare accurately individual records with normal standards. Normalization in time was, therefore, necessary by dividing each QRS complex in time in 10 equal parts. Mean curves were computed for the normal control group and eight pathologic entities. Although differences in configuration between the various groups became evident, a large overlap between the various ranges prevented an efficient classification for diagnostic purposes. A point-by-point separation between normal ranges and individual curves showed high recognition rates for abnormalities without specific diagnostic classification. The highest information content appeared to be present...
Saddlepoint-based bootstrap inference for the spatial dependence parameter in the lattice process

Abstract A saddlepoint-based bootstrap (SPBB) method for inference on the spatial dependence parameter in Gaussian lattice regression models is proposed. The method handles any estimator that is expressible as the root of a quadratic estimating equation (QEE), and includes common estimators like maximum likelihood (ML) and restricted ML (REML). Since the underlying QEE has a moment generating function in closed-form, this is inverted via the saddlepoint method to produce accurate approximations to the respective distributions of the estimators. Confidence intervals are then produced by pivoting the distribution function. The approach provides a unified perspective by viewing estimators in the simultaneous autoregressive (SAR), conditional autoregressive (CAR), and simultaneous moving average (SMA) models, through their underlying QEEs. The key assumption of monotonicity for the respective QEEs is verified, and results derived concerning their bias. Of importance for spatial modeling practitioners, is the finding that simulation studies show SPBB confidence intervals outperforming those based on standard (first-order) asymptotic theory in small to moderate sample size settings, and being orders of magnitude faster than computationally intensive approaches like the bootstrap. The methodology is illustrated on two classical lattice datasets.
Instructions, ordering, and previous practice in free-recall learning

Two experiments replicated and extended Tulving’s (1966) finding that prior practice on part of a free-recall list can be detrimental to subsequent whole-list learning. Instructions concerning the nature of the lists influenced whole-list learning, but the influence of presentation order was unclear. The organization of the items acquired during part learning persisted during final list learning.
Morphology and filling of incised submarine valleys on the continental shelf near the mouth of the Fly River, Gulf of Papua

[1] Much historical perspective about terrestrial and marine processes can be obtained from examination of fluvial valleys formed during lower sea level on surfaces that are now continental shelves. The continental shelf near the mouth of the Fly River (Gulf of Papua) has three incised valleys, which were not extensively modified or filled during the Holocene Transgression. Multibeam mapping of the valleys documents their morphology; seismic profiling reveals stratigraphy of sediment fill; and coring within and near the valleys suggests mechanisms of filling. Kiwai Valley is deep (20–50 m relief), narrow (∼1 km wide), steep-sided and meandering, due to river flows that caused its excavation through competent sedimentary deposits. Purutu Valley is shallow (10–20 m relief) and broad (>2 km wide). Umuda Valley is widest (∼14 km) and has multiple channels with variable incision depths, suggesting more extensive fluvial activity than the other two valleys. Valley filling has occurred in several ways, reflecting valley morphology and location relative to the present river mouth. Kiwai and Umuda valleys reveal three stages of infill: (1) hemipelagic sedimentation at distal sites, (2) gravity-driven flows spreading down the valley, and (3) subsequent clinoform progradation that completely fills the valley. Purutu Valley fill is dominated by clinoform progradation. Clinoform progradation in Umuda Valley is driven by intense sediment reworking on the surrounding topset regions, and its large width allows progradation from the sides as well as down its axis. Most shelf valleys around the world were filled long ago, and available techniques have severe limitations for documenting the details of morphology and the mechanisms of filling. The shelf valleys described in this paper provide a unique perspective to terrestrial and marine processes before, during, and after the Holocene Transgression.
Transarctic acoustic telemetry

On April 9 and 13, 1999, two Arctic Climate Observation Using Underwater Sound tomography signals were transmitted from a 20.5-Hz acoustic source moored at the Franz Victoria Strait to an eight-element, 525-m vertical array at ice camp APLIS in the Chukchi Sea at a distance of ∼2720 km. The transmitted signal was a 20-min long, 255-digit m-sequence that can be treated as a binary-phase shift-keying communication signal with a data rate of 2 bits/s. The almost error-free performance using either spatial diversity (three elements) for a single transmission or temporal diversity (two transmissions) with a single element demonstrates the feasibility of ice-covered trans-Arctic acoustic communications.
Effect of phleomycin upon replication of bacteriophage ΦX174

Earlier work has shown that the replication of bacteriophage ΦX174 involves three stages of DNA synthesis: (i) the addition of a complementary strand to the single stranded parental DNA (Sinsheimer, Starman, Nagler & Guthrie, 1962) to produce a "replicative form"; (ii) the semi-conservative replication of this replicative form; and (iii) the synthesis of single-stranded DNA for progeny phage by a conservative process (Denhardt & Sinsheimer, 1965b). The addition of chloramphenicol, which inhibits protein synthesis, does not affect stages (i) and (ii) but does prevent stage (iii).
Impedance plethysmography: Its limitations as a substitute for phlebography

Impedance plethysmography (IPG) was used to study 132 legs: 100 in normal volunteers not subjected to radiocontrast phlebography, seven in patients whose limbs were phlebographically normal, and 25 proven by phlebography to have deep venous thrombosis (DVT). There were no false positive IPG results when a maximum venous outflow of 0.2% was the discriminant. However, in the 25 legs with thrombosis in calf, popliteal, femoral, and iliac veins, clots were not detected by IPG in 44 52% of legs, depending upon the discriminant. These results, which are in agreement with data reported elsewhere, indicate that it is reasonable to use the IPG method as the sole diagnostic maneuver when the test result is clearly abnormal, but that if the result is not abnormal, a radioconstrast phlebogram is necessary.
Integration of thermo-dynamic spindle and machining simulation models for a digital machining system

A digital machining system is a core subsystem of a virtual machining system at the lowest level, and it provides physical attributes of both the machining process and machine tool to the upper application level. A digital machining system based on mechanistic models is developed. An expandable general base model is built in the system and the interfaces for extending to upper level models are provided for easy integration. The system consists of many integrative dynamic machining process simulation models including milling, turning, boring and grinding. The development of the digital machining system is completed by integrating a spindle analysis model through a modular interface using modal superposition methods. The digital machining system is evaluated in aspects of determining spindle related machining process constraints, predicting spindle condition-dependent chatter boundaries and selecting cutting tools.
Norepinephrine: Release from Brain by d-Amphetamine in vivo

After injection of H(3)-norepinephrine into the left lateral cerebral ventricle of cats, the lateral and third cerebral ventricles were perfused with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Addition of d-amphetamine to the perfusion fluid caused a significant increase in the concentration of H(3)-norepinephrine in the effluent.
Analysis of well gases from areas of geothermal power potential

Abstract Geothermal fluids from the hydrothermal area of the Imperial Valley, California and the geopressured zone of Louisiana were found to contain a variety of noncondensable gases. Each geothermal reservoir has a predominant species, carbon dioxide in the former and methane in the latter. This paper describes the sampling techniques and reports the results of quantitative analysis of the gases that can be anticipated to affect the air quality in future energy production from this rapidly developing resource. In some instances the desirable qualities of these gases could contribute to the economic development of geothermal power.
Comparative analysis of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) versus a prostate-specific membrane antigen-like gene†

BACKGROUND Currently prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is showing promise both as an imaging and therapeutic target for occult prostate cancer metastases. First generation antibodies against PSMA are used for the FDA approved Prostascint™ monoclonal antibody scan and second generation antibodies are being developed for therapeutic targeting as well as imaging 1. However, there have been reports describing PSMA expression in non-prostatic tissues including kidney, liver, and brain. As we had previously showed the existence of a human PSMA homolog, we set out to determine if this non-prostatic expression was due to expression of the PSMA or another gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PSMA homolog (PSMA-like) cDNA was cloned by screening a liver cDNA library. mRNA expression of the PSMA and PSMA-like genes was determined via Northern blot analysis using two different probes and protein expression confirmed in some tissues via Western blot analysis. Transcriptional regulation of the two genes was examined using reporter constructs driving luciferase expression. RESULTS The PSMA-like gene possesses 98% identity to the PSMA gene at the nucleotide level and is expressed in kidney and liver under the control of a different promoter to the PSMA gene. The PSMA gene is expressed in several human tissues and is most abundant in the nervous system and the prostate. CONCLUSION The non-prostatic expression of PSMA should be taken into consideration when designing clinical strategies targeting PSMA. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Differential Valuation of Women's Work: A New Look at the Gender Gap in Lawyers' Incomes

This article seeks to identify the mechanisms underlying the gender wage gap among new lawyers. Relying on nationally representative data to examine the salaries of lawyers working fulltime in private practice, we find a gender gap of about 5 percent. Identifying four mechanisms – work profiles, opportunity paths and structures, credentials, and legal markets – we first estimate how much of the gap stems from the differential valuation of women's endowments; second, we estimate the effects of different endowments for men and women; and third we assess both these possibilities. The analyses indicate that none of these mechanisms can fully account for the gender gap. Experimental studies that indicate women's work is less valued and rewarded than men's suggest new directions for research on gendered compensation.
Execution characteristics of layered streams

A layered stream is a list of data structuresH*Ts whereTs is a layered stream containing all possible tails for headH. One performance advantage is the ability toeagerly construct a partial solution by binding headH before the tailsTs are known. This increases potential parallelism. A disadvantage of this facility is that eagerly bindingH can cause consumers of the layered stream to do extra computation if in factTs isuncompletable. In addition, the layered streams can grow very large, the bulk of which is garbage. To combat this space inefficiency, eager term construction can be restricted, thereby reducing parallelism. In this paper we show the trade-offs between potential parallelism, execution time, space and time complexity, for a group of benchmarks implemented with layered streams and streams. We also compare these algorithms to the related paradigms of candidates/noncandidates and fused generate & test.
All-optical steering of dark spatial soliton arrays and the beams guided by them

We experimentally demonstrate all-optical steering of arrays of dark spatial solitons. The arrays are generated by two intersecting plane waves in the regime of adiabatic amplification in a Kerr-like medium. The steering is achieved by changing the relative intensities of the beams. In addition, we show that beams guided in the soliton channels can also be scanned.
The PDZ1 Domain of SAP90 CHARACTERIZATION OF STRUCTURE AND BINDING

Abstract The structural features of the PDZ1 domain of the synapse-associated protein SAP90 have been characterized by NMR. A comparison with the structures of the PDZ2 and PDZ3 domains of SAP90 illustrates significant differences, which may account for the unique binding properties of these homologous domains. Within the postsynaptic density, SAP90 functions as a molecular scaffold with a number of the protein-protein interactions mediated through the PDZ1 domain. Here, using fluorescence anisotropy and NMR chemical shift analysis, we have characterized the association of PDZ1 to the C-terminal peptides of the GluR6 subunit of the kainate receptor, voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.4, and microtubule-associate protein CRIPT, all of which are known to associate with SAP90. The latter two, which possess the consensus sequence for binding to PDZ domains (T/S-X-V-oh), have low micromolar binding affinities (1.5–15 μm). The C terminus of GluR6, RLPGKETMA-oh, lacking the consensus sequence, binds to PDZ1 of SAP90 with an affinity of 160 μm. The NMR data illustrate that although all three peptides occupy the binding groove capped by the GLGF loop of PDZ1, specific differences are present, consistent with the variation in binding affinities.
Cicero, Domestic Politics, and the First Action of the Verrines

In the First Action of the Verrines Cicero highlights the issue of judicial corruption, which appears to be leading to the passage of legislation ending the senatorial monopoly on composition of the juries in the quaestio de repetundis . The work might theoretically, therefore, furnish an important study of how Cicero publicly positioned himself on a key political issue at a crucial point in his career. Historians, however, often dismiss the political impact of the work, arguing that jury reform was essentially a fait accompli before the trial began. Rhetoricians likewise tend to understate its political importance, both because of its status as a substitute for a longer and fully elaborated oration and because of a pronounced tendency in recent scholarship to subordinate political comment in the judicial speeches to the immediate practical goals of legal advocacy. Cicero9s prosecution of Verres, however, involved an unprecedented move in the orator9s career. Through the trial he injected himself forcefully, and for the first time, into a contemporary political debate and thereby created for himself a new space from which to operate within the political landscape.
The Importance of Search as Intertextual Practice for Undergraduate Research

By first reassessing the role of search in the literacy event of the lower division undergraduate paper, this article argues that searching is not a lower-order mental activity but a concurrent, integral component of the research-writing process. This conclusion has large implications for information literacy instructional design, and several practical applications to further support undergraduate research-writing are outlined.
High temperature degradation of structural composites

Abstract Ceramic matrix composites are being developed to improve the toughness of ceramics in structural applications. Modest success has been experienced in manufacturing ceramic matrix composites for which it is possible to double the room temperature toughness while still retaining the high strength of the untoughened material. As many of these new composites are expected to be used at high temperatures, their mechanical behavior at both high and low temperature must be characterized. In this paper, creep and creep rupture of both particulate and whisker reinforced ceramic matrix composites are discussed. Principal findings of experimental investigations on these materials indicate: (1) resistance to creep deformation is greater in compression than in tension; (2) the creep rupture lifetime follows a Monkman-Grant behavior in which the lifetime can be expressed as a power function of the steady state creep rate; (3) the principal mechanism of failure in creep is interfacial cavitation. Cavities nucleate at interfaces and then grow into full facet cavities. Failure occurs either by the growth or the linkage of these cavities to form critical size cracks in the composite.