cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-time dispersion-compensated image reconstruction for compressive sensing spectral domain optical coherence tomography

In this work, we propose a novel dispersion compensation method that enables real-time compressive sensing (CS) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) image reconstruction. We show that dispersion compensation can be incorporated into CS SD OCT by multiplying the dispersion-correcting terms by the undersampled spectral data before CS reconstruction. High-quality SD OCT imaging with dispersion compensation was demonstrated at a speed in excess of 70 frames per s using 40% of the spectral measurements required by the well-known Shannon/Nyquist theory. The data processing and image display were performed on a conventional workstation having three graphics processing units.
The selection for mutants in Drosophila melanogaster hypersensitive to alpha-methyl dopa, a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor.

The use of dietary α-methyl dopa, an inhibitor of Drosophila melanogaster dopa decarboxylase, to screen for mutants defective in cuticle development was investigated. The results show that dietary α-methyl dopa is toxic to larvae and that death always occurs at the larval molts. This and other evidence suggests that α-methyl dopa is a specific inhibitor of some aspect of cuticle development. From a screen of 2748 EMS-treated lethal-free second chromosomes, 7 dominant α-methyl dopa hypersensitive mutants were obtained. All these mutants are recessive lethal alleles on standard food and map to one locus, 53.1±, designated as l(2)amd. Assays of dopa decarboxylase activities do not reveal any differences between mutant heterozygotes (l(2)amd/+) and wild type (+/+).
Contact Angle Hysteresis near a First-Order Wetting Transition

We examine the contact angle hysteresis for n-octane droplets on a n-hexadecyltrichlorosilane-coated silicon wafer in the vicinity of a first-order wetting transition with wetting temperature Tw = 49.5 °C. A pinning transition is observed at Tp = 46.8 °C for the receding contact angle. Above this temperature, the contact line for receding droplets is pinned; consequently, the receding contact angle θr = 0°. We use contact angle data to quantify the substrate surface energy difference, Δσ(T) = σsv(T) − σsl(T), and the relative surface heterogeneity, h0/σlv, as a function of temperature T where σij is the surface energy between phases i and j.
CD8 + T Cell Responses to Plasmodium and Intracellular Parasites

Parasitic protozoa are major threats to human health affecting millions of people around the world. Control of these infections by the host immune system relies on a myriad of immunological mechanisms that includes both humoral and cellular immunity. CD8+ T cells contribute to the control of these parasitic infections in both animals and humans. Here, we will focus on the CD8+ T cell response against a subset of these protozoa: Plasmodium, Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi, with an emphasis on experimental rodent systems. It is evident a complex interaction occurs between CD8+ T cells and the invading protozoa. A detailed understanding of how CD8+ T cells mediate protection should provide the basis for the development of effective vaccines that prevent and control infections by these parasites.
Abnormal lymphocyte deoxyuridine suppression test: A reliable indicator of decreased lymphocyte folate levels

The deoxyuridine (dU) suppression test measures the availability of folate and, indirectly, vitamin B12 in de novo thymidine synthesis and is of established value in defining biochemical megaloblastosis in bone marrow cells. Recent studies have suggested that the application of this test to DNA synthesis in transformed lymphocytes may be valuable in defining nutrient deficiency that is subtle, masked, or present in some cell lines but not in others. This use of the test has not been fully accepted because lymphocyte folate and B12 levels had not been simultaneously measured prior to the current study. In this study, vitamin availability for the dU suppression test was closely correlated with folate levels in radioassay and less well correlated with vitamin B12 levels in the cell. The folate levels varied widely when dU suppression was efficient but were uniformly low in subjects with ineffective dU suppression. These studies validate the use of the lymphocyte dU suppression test as a means of detecting folate deficiency in this cell line.
High extracellular calcium attenuates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Abstract We studied the effect of extracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] e ) on adipocyte differentiation. Preadipocytes exposed to continuous [Ca 2+ ] e higher than 2.5 mmol/l accumulated little or no cytoplasmic lipid compared to controls in 1.8 mmol/l [Ca 2+ ] e . Differentiation was monitored by Oil Red O staining of cytoplasmic lipid and triglyceride assay of accumulated lipid, by RT-PCR analysis of adipogenic markers, and by the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH). Elevated [Ca 2+ ] e inhibited expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, and steroid regulatory binding element protein. High [Ca 2+ ] e significantly inhibited differentiation marker expression including adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, and GPDH. The decrease in Pref-1 expression that accompanied differentiation also was prevented by high [Ca 2+ ] e . Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with high [Ca 2+ ] e did not significantly affect cell number or viability and did not trigger apoptosis. Levels of intracellular Ca +2 remained unchanged in various [Ca 2+ ] e . Treatment of 3T3-L1 with pertussis toxin (PTX) partially restored lipid accumulation and increased differentiation markers in cells treated with 5 mmol/l [Ca 2+ ] e . ‘Classical’ parathyroid cell Ca 2+ sensing receptors (CaSR) were not detected either by RT-PCR or by Western blotting. These results suggest that continuos exposure to high [Ca 2+ ] e inhibits preadipocyte differentiation and that this may involve a G-protein-coupled mechanism mediated by a novel Ca 2+ sensor or receptor.
Protected Edman degradation: A new approach to microsequence analysis of proteins

Automated techniques for sequential degradation by the phenylisothiocyanate procedure of Edman [l] have greatly accelerated progress in the structural analysis of proteins. Conventional procedures for sequenator analysis, however, require 100-500 nmoles of protein for an extended degradation. Since many proteins of great biological interest are available only in trace amounts, more-sensitive sequencing approaches are urgently needed. We have developed a method for automated sequence analysis of nanomole quantities of proteins in the presence of a synthetic polyamino-acid carrier. The carrier protects the protein from chemical and mechanical losses during the degradation and allows longer degradations on smaller amounts of material than can be achieved when the protein is sequenced alone.
Spectral purity and sources of noise in femtosecond-demodulation terahertz sources driven by Ti:sapphire mode-locked lasers

Direct measurements of the spectral purity in terahertz femtosecond-demodulation sources are reported and compared to theory. Because these sources operate at very high harmonics (/spl sim/102-10/sup 4/) of the mode-lock frequency, a high spectral purity source is very dependent on a low-jitter femtosecond laser. Conversely, the spectral content of the terahertz sources provides detailed information about timing jitter and stringent tests of models used to describe the jitter. We find that both the behavior of the central core, and the noise skirts of the power spectrum of our sources, can be quantitatively related to measured ripple and continuum amplitude noise on the Ar/sup +/ pump laser by use of modulation theory.
The Kalyanamitra and the Client-Centered Psychotherapist

The author presents an analysis of the similarities and differences between the role of a kalyanamitra (spiritual friend) in Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism and the role of a psychotherapist in client-centered psychotherapy. The common ground between both traditions is explored by elucidating Buddhist perspectives on the three necessary and sufficient conditions of client-centered psychotherapy (congruence, positive regard, and empathic understanding). The differences are also discussed in terms of the directive nature of the mind/body techniques that are taught within the teacher-student relationship in Vajrayana. The author concludes with an integration of the general points of agreement concerning topics such as empathy, self-actualization, and self-deception.
Rate constants for the photolysis of the nitronaphthalenes and methylnitronaphthalenes

Abstract 1-Nitronaphthalene (1NN) and 2-nitronaphthalene (2NN) are among the most abundant gas-phase nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) found in ambient atmospheres, largely formed from the atmospheric reactions of naphthalene. The methylnitronaphthalenes (MNNs), of which there are 14 possible isomers, are gas-phase atmospheric transformation products of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene. In this investigation, the photolysis rates of 1NN, 2NN, and 11 MNNs were determined indoors using black-lamp irradiation and outdoors using natural sunlight. The results of the photolysis experiments reveal that gas-phase photolysis is a major atmospheric degradation pathway for the NNs and MNNs. The nitro-PAHs examined here can be placed into three groups on the basis of their expected lifetimes due to ambient photolysis. 1M8NN and 2M1NN are predicted to have ambient lifetimes toward photolysis of ≤15 min; 1NN, 1M2NN, 1M4NN, 1M5NN, 2M4NN, 2M5NN, 2M8NN are predicted to have photolysis lifetimes ≤1 h; and 2NN, 2M6NN, 1M6NN and 1M3NN are predicted to have lifetimes on the order of 1–3 h. Thus, photolysis is expected to be the dominant atmospheric loss process for these volatile nitro-PAHs.
Charge-pickup by heavy relativistic nuclei.

In the interactions of relativistic heavy projectile nuclei with target nuclei there is a measurable probability for the projectile nuclei to pick up a charge during the interaction. We report here new measurements, made in a wide range of targets, of the cross sections for charge-pickup of gold nuclei with energies of 10.6 GeV/nucleon, and of silver and krypton nuclei with energies between 1.4 and 0.5 GeV/nucleon. The excitation functions of these cross sections are discussed using all the measurements available to us and indicate that there are significant decreases in the cross sections as the energies increase. A weak target dependence is seen. Previously these cross sections have been reported to have a strong, approximately quadratic, dependence on the projectile mass. This conclusion has to be modified in the light of these new measurements. Instead, we suggest that the cross sections show a strong exponential dependence on either the fractional neutron excesses or, equivalently, on the neutron to nucleon ratios of the projectile nuclei.
Ozone removal by green building materials

Abstract There is a rapidly expanding market for green building materials. Such materials are intended to be environmentally friendly, with such characteristics as low toxicity, minimal chemical emissions, ability to be recycled, and durability. In addition, green materials often contain recycled and/or bio-based contents. Consequently, some green materials may undergo significant oxidation with potential for reduction of indoor ozone. In this study, 48-L electro-polished stainless steel chambers were used to study the reactive consumption of ozone by ten common green wall, flooring, ceiling, and cabinetry materials (perlite-based ceiling tile, unglazed ceramic tile, natural cork wall-covering, aluminum tinted cork wall-paper, bamboo, UV-coated bamboo, wheat board, UV-coated wheat board, sunflower board, and UV-coated sunflower board). Ozone removal was quantified in terms of deposition velocity and reaction probability. Ozone removal decreased with time after initial exposure, but for several materials the ability to react with ozone was regenerated after a period of zero ozone exposure. Test materials found to have the highest ozone reaction probabilities were a perlite-based ceiling tile, natural cork wall-covering, and wheat board.
The Mesoscale and Microscale Structure and Organization of Clouds and Precipitation in Midlatitude Cyclones. IX: Some Effects of Orography on Rainbands

Abstract The effects of orography on the mesoscale structures and precipitation processes in warm-frontal, warm-sector, wide cold-frontal, narrow cold-frontal and post-frontal rainbands in four Pacific cyclones are described. The rainbands were tracked with a Doppler radar as they approached the Washington coast and then for ∼150 km inland as they passed over topographic features ranging from modest hills to mountain ranges. The rainbands were affected in a variety of ways by orography, ranging from dissipation to formation, and precipitation from the bands was enhanced and reduced in different situations. These effects are discussed with respect to the large-scale flow, mesoscale air motions and precipitation growth mechanisms.
A New Volume Integral Formulation for Broadband 3-D Circuit Extraction in Inhomogeneous Materials With and Without External Electromagnetic Fields

A new first-principles-based volume integral equation (VIE) formulation is developed for the broadband full-wave extraction of general 3-D circuits, containing arbitrarily shaped lossy conductors with inhomogeneous dielectrics. The proposed formulation accentuates all the advantages of the VIE formulation traditionally developed for solving wave-related problems, while allowing for the extraction of multiport circuit parameters such as impedance Z-, admittance Y-, and scattering S-parameters at ports located anywhere in the physical structure of a circuit. Its first-principles-based formulation without circuit-based simplifications and approximations can also be utilized to analyze the performance of a circuit in adverse ambient conditions, such as the exposure to strong external electromagnetic fields. In addition, the magneto-quasi-static and electro-magneto-quasi-static counterparts of the proposed full-wave formulation are also given for low-frequency applications. Numerical experiments have validated the accuracy and capability of the proposed new VIE formulation.
History and genealogy of the H-2Kb mutants from the C57BL/6Kh colony.

The genealogy of 14H-2K b mutations arising spontaneously in the C57BL/6Kh colony is presented together with data from skin-graft monitoring and husbandry procedures. Eight of the 14 mutations have phenotypic and structural similarities, but the pedigree analysis and evaluation of the histocompatibility genetics of their sibs and ancestors strongly indicate that they represent recurring mutational events rather than the segregation of a single mutation throughout the colony.
A simple and reliable assay for glycoprotein-processing glycosidases

Abstract A simple and reproducible assay to measure the activity of the glycoprotein-processing glycosidases, i.e., glucosidases and mannosidases, is described. This assay takes advantage of the fact that high-mannose and glucose-containing high-mannose oligosaccharides bind to columns of concanavalin A-Sepharose, but the liberated glucose and mannose residues emerge from these columns in the wash. Thus, using [ 3 H]mannose-labeled Man 9 - N -acetylglucasamine (Man 9 GlcNAc) or [ 3 H]glucose-labeled Glc 3 Man 7–9 -GlcNAc as substrates, the amount of radioactivity in the wash can be quickly and efficiently determined as a measure of enzyme activity. Although the use of this assay was reported previously [B. Saunier et al. , 1982, J. Biol. Chem. 257 , 14155–14161], the details of its use, its reproducibility, and the problems with interfering materials have not been thoroughly described. In this report, we show that the assay is linear with time and protein concentration, and shows the expected kinetics with various processing inhibitors. The assay works well with the microsomal enzyme preparation and with a solubilized enzyme fraction. In addition, methods are described for the preparation of various radioactive oligosaccharide substrates (i.e., Man 9 GlcNAc and Glc 3 Man 7–9 GlcNAc) using appropriate glycoprotein-processing inhibitors.
Anterior repair of posterior laryngeal and laryngotracheal clefts

Laryngeal and laryngotracheal clefts are unusual and represent disorders that are treated by pediatric, surgical specialists. However, open and endoscopic approaches, of the type used to repair laryngeal clefts, can also be used for a variety of laryngeal lesions managed by phonosurgeons. Embryology and classification of these defects are reviewed. Techniques for endoscopic diagnosis are also discussed. An emphasis is placed on technical aspects of the anterior, laryngofissure repair. Although this discussion concerns the diagnosis and repair of a rare disorder, the diagnostic and surgical skills required to successfully manage this condition and its postoperative complications can be useful for other more common problems.
The relationship of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and psychopathy among adolescents

Abstract This study is an extension of Colledge and Blair’s (2001) investigation on the inter-relationship between core features of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder. The current study extended the earlier work using methodological refinements in sample selection, psychiatric diagnostic assessment, and instruments used to measure inattention, hyperactivity, and psychopathy. The primary outcome was that the impulsiveness-conduct problem component of psychopathy was specifically associated with inattention and hyperactivity components of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Impulsivity may be an underlying mechanism common to both disorders and may represent a selective target for treatment.
Audio-based head motion synthesis for Avatar-based telepresence systems

In this paper, a data-driven audio-based head motion synthesis technique is presented for avatar-based telepresence systems. First, head motion of a human subject speaking a custom corpus is captured, and the accompanying audio features are extracted. Based on the aligned pairs between audio features and head motion (audio-headmotion), a K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) based dynamic programming algorithm is used to synthesize novel head motion given new audio input. This approach also provides optional intuitive keyframe (key head poses) control: after key head poses are specified, this method will synthesize appropriate head motion sequences that maximally meet the requirements of both the speech and key head poses.
Connection Performance for Seismic Design of Steel Moment Frames

Welded-flange-bolted-web connections were damaged during the Northridge Earthquake, and the SAC Steel Project was started to find solutions to the problems caused by this damage. The Connection Performance Team was one of several groups completing the project research, and this group examined all connection performance issues. A number of connections were evaluated, and three strategies were used to improve the seismic performance of different connections. An understanding of all yield mechanisms and failure modes for each connection type is required for applicaiton of these improvement strategies. Variations in yield mechanisms and failure modes obtained for different connection types are described, and the application of these modes and mechanisms to improve the seismic performance of three different connections is summarized. The three connections are the welded-flange-welded-web, reduced-beam-seciton, and bolted-flange-plate connections. These connections are all capable of providing good seismic performance with large plastic rotational capacity, but each connection requires evaluation of different modes and mechanisms and different balance requirements for good seismic performance. The strategies and procedures used for these connections are typical of those used for many other connections.
Coping with Workplace Change: An Annotated Bibliography of Resources

A pressing task facing reference librarians in public and academic libraries in the 1990s has been helping downsized workers find sources for job hunting. Most libraries carry sources on job hunting and how‐to books on resume wiriting. Libraries also need to provide sources that help people who lose their jobs find out what programs and benefits are available to help them survive during financially lean times and how to deal with the emotional and psychological problems they face. A review of the monographic lieterature published between 1990 and 1996 reveals few titles that deal with emotional and psychological problems resulting from job loss. For this article, the authors selected titles from that period that are in print and provide coping strategies and practical solutions to people in and out of the workplace.
Rod-cone duplexity and the autonomic action of light.

Abstract The question which we put here is whether the warmth of red and the coolness of blue might not bear some relationship to the duplexity of the autonomie nervous system. Put in another somewhat stronger way, could not the cone (red?) system be involved parasympathetically whereas the rod (blue?) system be involved orthosympathetically ? A review is presented of the evidence on this question. The author hopes that this theoretical discussion will be appropriate to a memorial for Gordon L. Walls, and that it is in keeping with his spirit. [See ‘Note added at proof stage’, following References (p. 177).].
Remote Site Access to a Turbomachinery Lab for Education and Research (Keynote Paper)

An axial flow compressor has been designed to allow control and data acquisition from remote site locations. The design of the controller builds upon the experiences of other universities with remote access laboratories. The compressor hardware and data acquisition system are accessible via a LabVIEW interface. The long term objective of the project is to make turbomachinery experiments available to anyone with an interest in the subject and an Internet connection.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Termination of washing compulsions: a problem of internal reference criteria or 'not just right' experience?

Abstract Recent research suggests that obsessive–compulsive washers are more likely than individuals without washing compulsions to use conscious, internal reference criteria when deciding when to terminate compulsions ( Wahl, Salkovskis, & Cotter, 2008 ). An alternative view is that they possess tendencies towards non-cognitive, automatic ‘not just right’ experiences (NJREs) that influence compulsion duration. The current study sought to investigate the latter explanation using valid behavioral tasks. Non-clinical participants ( N = 133) completed self-report measures, immersed their hands in a dirt mixture, and afterwards were allowed to wash their hands. Additionally, a subset of participants completed an in vivo assessment of NJRE using a pile of clutter. Total number and intensity of NJREs were predictive of hand-washing duration. Additionally, affective response to the clutter was uniquely predictive of hand-washing duration when controlling for pre-wash anxiety. These results suggest that internal reference criteria as well as NJREs may influence compulsive washing, though the former may be a consequence of the latter.
Substance abuse in pregnancy

Substance abuse in pregnancy is a major area of interest for clinicians, researchers, and public health officials. Cigarettes have long been associated with poor reproductive outcomes. Smoking increases the relative risk of placenta previa to 2.6 and of sudden infant death syndrome to 2.2 in white infants. The risk-to-benefit ratio of nicotine replacement therapy is discussed. Alcohol use by pregnant women decreased from 32% to 20% between 1985 and 1988. The long-term sequelae of fetal alcohol syndrome in adolescents and adults are presented. Marijuana is probably the most common illicit drug used in pregnancy. Long-term follow-up showed no difference in outcome until 48 months. However, at 48 months, memory and verbal measures were affected by heavy prenatal marijuana use. Self-report of illicit drug use is inaccurate. Routine urine screening for cocaine can show marked variations by locality. Analysis of meconium, urine, and infant and maternal hair along with self-report provides the most accurate information on prenatal cocaine use. The increase in cost of caring for cocaine-exposed infants was estimated. Newborns reveal decreased habituation and increased neonatal stress measures. Long-term sequelae of prenatal cocaine use indicated that smaller head circumference persist and that head size is associated with Bayley mental developmental indexes. However, the Bayley scale measured no difference among the cocaine-exposed, alcohol-exposed, or control groups.
Ideological Extremity, Issue Distance, and Voter Defection

The bulk of the literature rejects the argument that Democratic failure in presidential elections between 1968 and 1988 had an ideological basis. Analysis of the interplay of respondents' own issue positions with their perceptions of the parties/candidates suggests a different and rather complex picture. Between 1968 and 1980, the partisan/ideological cores of the two parties-liberal Democrats and conservative Republicans- behave quite differently: only moderately different defection rates between the most liberal Democrats and most conservative Republicans increase considerably as one moves from the relevant ideological extreme to the center. Placement of parties/candidates in issue space explains this asymmetry during this initial period of Democratic decline: the Democratic party/candidate is perceived as far to the left, with Demo cratic identifiers positioned midway between the electoral alternatives; Republicans identifiers, in contrast, are to the right of both parties/candid ates, but very close t...
Prevention of adaptive formation of tryptophan peroxidase by a carcinogenic azo dye.

THE carcinogenic azodye 3′-methyl,4-dimethyl aminoazobenzene induces gross tumours in livers of rats fed a basal diet poor in riboflavin1. The whole process, in Sprague–Dawley rats, takes approximately 200 days. Structural damage to liver tissue may be detected histologically during the first weeks of carcinogen feeding2. Intracellular changes, manifested by the gradual depletion of mitochondria and ergastoplasm, which result in respiratory damage to the cell, can be detected by differential centrifugation weeks and even months before onset of malignancy3; yet all these changes are long-range effects. Even though the continual administration of this carcinogen brings about respiratory damage to the cell, the carcinogen is not a respiratory inhibitor4,5. It can be shown that the specific respiratory activity (activity per mgm. protein nitrogen) with sodium pyruvate as substrate remains normal for mitochondria during feeding with this carcinogen although the tissue is full of protein-bound azodye5. In short, the immediate chemical effect of this carcinogen, apart from its binding to one or more proteins not yet functionally characterized6, is still obscure.
Src family tyrosine kinase Lyn binds several proteins including paxillin in rat basophilic leukemia cells

Abstract Aggregation of the high affinity IgE receptors on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells results in protein tyrosine phosphorylation although the receptor has no intrinsic enzymatic activity. The Src related protein tyrosine kinase p 53 56 lyn present in RBL-2H3 cells could play a role in this reaction. Here we have isolated the cDNA for rat Lyn and found it to be very homologous at the amino acid level to both the human and mouse proteins. A bacterially expressed maltose binding protein-Lyn (MBP-Lyn) fusion protein was already tyrosine phosphorylated and had tyrosine kinase activity. In a filter-binding assay, MBP-Lyn fusion protein (at 0.1 μM) specifically bound to several proteins of RBL-2H3 cells. In lysates of IgE receptor-activated cells, there was increased binding of MBP-Lyn to 65, 72, 78 and 110 kDa tyrosine phosphorylated proteins. The 72, 78 and 110 kDa tyrosine phosphorylated proteins were precipitated by a fusion protein containing the Lyn Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain. The 72 kDa Lyn binding protein was different from p72 syk . Furthermore, paxillin, a cytoskeletal protein, was identified as one of the Lyn binding proteins. Thus Fcϵ RI mediated signal transduction in RBL-2H3 cells may result from the interaction of p 53 56 lyn with paxillin, pp72, pp110 and other proteins.
Ground Water in Southwestern Region: ABSTRACT

The outstanding generalization about ground water in the parts of New Mexico and Texas in this region is that reserves will be exhausted in a few to several decades at the present rate of use. In nearly all areas development has increased exponentially since 1945. In New Mexico some legal check on exploitation is available in the doctrine of priority; in Texas no legal check exists. Generalizations concerning the hydraulics of the important ground-water bodies are: most recharge is close to development; the localities of natural discharge are from a few to 100 miles distant; the exploitation of ground water by wells involves either the depletion of storage or a decrease in stream flow to which it is tributary. The prolific aquifers are unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary and Tertiary age in bolsons, stream valleys, and the High Plains, and limestones especially of Permian and Cretaceous ages. Bolson aquifers include the interconnected water bodies between the Basin Ranges of southwest New Mexico, the Estancia Valley, Tularosa Basin, and the Dell City areas. River-connected aquifers include the alluvium of the Rio Grande and the alluvium and limestones of the Pecos River and other Texas streams. The development of the Roswell Artesian Basin resulted in the New Mexico ground-water law, upon which the laws of nine other western states are modeled. Saturated brines enter the Pecos in the Delaware Basin. The Staked Plains contains probably the largest area of ground-water mining, and one of the largest groundwater reservoirs in the United States. Its size made necessary the first application of a non-steady theory of ground-water movement 30 years ago and the widespread mining resulted in 1963 in the first legal determination that ground water is a depleting mineral resource. The hydrodynamics, development, reserves, and depletion of individual ground-water bodies are given. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2076------------
XPS, TOF-SIMS, NEXAFS, and SPR characterization of nitrilotriacetic acid-terminated self-assembled monolayers for controllable immobilization of proteins.

For immobilization of proteins onto surfaces in a specific and controlled manner, it is important to start with a well-defined surface that contains specific binding sites surrounded by a nonfouling background. For immobilizing histidine-tagged (his-tagged) proteins, surfaces containing nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) headgroups and oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) moieties are a widely used model system. The surface composition, structure, and reactivity of mixed NTA/OEG self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au substrates were characterized in detail using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensoring. XPS results for sequential adsorption of NTA thiols followed by OEG thiols showed that OEG molecules were incorporated into an incompletely formed NTA monolayer until a complete mixed SAM was formed. The surface concentration of NTA headgroups was esti...
Extended Endocardial Resection for the Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation

Abstract A total of 40 patients with drug-refractory, life-threatening cardiac rhythm disturbances—ventricular tachycardia in 23 patients and ventricular fibrillation in 17 patients—underwent extended endocardial resection (EER) of scar tissue. Scarring was due to myocardial infarction in 38 patients, to previous congenital heart operation in 1 patient, and to sarcoidosis of the heart in 1. The EER procedure was directed by epicardial and endocardial mapping data whenever possible, and was usually combined with revascularization, aneurysmectomy, or, in 5 patients, mitral valve replacement. Operative mortality was 10%, incident to poor preoperative ventricular function and hemorrhage secondary to previous cardiac surgical procedures. Thirty-three of the 36 survivors (92%) are free of arrhythmia at follow-up periods ranging from 3 to 36 months (mean, 12.5 months); the arrhythmia in the remaining 3 patients is now drug controlled. Thirty-three patients had postoperative electrophysiological studies, and in 30 (91%), the arrhythmia was no longer inducible. The results of surgical treatment for ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation were similar. The results also proved satisfactory whether the EER procedure was directed by visual observation or mapping.
Ca2+ Spark Restitution In Ventricular Myocytes With Modified Ryanodine Receptor Gating

The local release of calcium (Ca2+) through sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptor channels (RyR) via Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release (CICR) is called a Ca2+ spark. The mechanisms responsible for the termination of Ca2+ sparks and refractoriness after termination remain a subject of debate. While local depletion of SR Ca2+ is clearly important for spark termination, the roles of SR refilling versus time-dependent changes in RyR gating in refractoriness and recovery are unclear. Using our previous experimental technique, here we further our findings by altering RyR gating behavior with caffeine and tetracaine. Isolated ventricular myocytes loaded with Ca2+ indicator fluo-3, were rapidly perfused with 50 nM of ryanodine together with either 100 μM of caffeine, to sensitize RyRs, or 100 μM tetracaine, to inhibit RyRs. At this very low concentration of ryanodine, limited number of RyR clusters have repetitive Ca2+ sparks. From confocal linescan images, we analyzed consecutive spark pairs from such clusters to measure Ca2+ spark amplitude and the triggering probability recovery. The recovery of Ca2+ spark amplitude was insensitive to altered RyR gating, with a time constant of recovery of ∼70 ms in all three conditions. Modified RyR gating had a great impact on the distribution of spark-to-spark delays, however. The median delay between consecutive sparks was 169 ms for caffeine, 316 ms for control, and 371 ms for tetracaine. These results indicate that changes in RyR gating affect the recovery of Ca2+ spark triggering probability but not the recovery of Ca2+ spark amplitude. This strongly suggests that Ca2+ spark amplitude is determined primarily by the size of the local SR [Ca2+] store.
CLONING, CHARACTERIZATION AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF THE GENE ENCODING BOVINE KERATOCAN, A CORNEAL KERATAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN

Abstract Keratocan is one of three major keratan sulfate proteoglycans characteristically expressed in cornea. We reported previously the sequence of bovine Kera cDNA. In this study, the complete bovine Kera gene was cloned and sequenced, and its expression pattern was determined. The Kera gene is composed of three exons and two introns that span 8.830 kb of the bovine genome. The first exon contains 287 nucleotides of 5′-UTR sequence. Both of the two large introns of 1322 and 4178 bp contain (CA)n repeats. The bovine Kera gene has a TATA box that is located 28 bp upstream from tsp. Primer extension and S1 nuclease protection analyses were used to determine the major tsp. RPA indicate that cornea and sclera are the two tissues with the highest expression of Ktcn mRNA. This restricted expression in eye tissues, as well as the unique modification of keratocan with long keratan sulfate chains in cornea, suggests that this molecule may be important in developing and maintaining corneal transparency.
The crucial role of student affairs professionals in the learning process

Professionals with responsibilities for student affairs can play a major role in the increasing emphasis on academic achievement, student learning, and retention. The outlines of future perspectives on professionalism and personal development can be found in examples from the recent past. The new developments will combine historical perspectives with insights from ongoing changes.
Head and neck sequelae of torture

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To increase awareness of torture among otolaryngologists, and to describe methods and complications of head and neck torture. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Five cases of survivors of torture were evaluated in an otolaryngology practice in an urban hospital setting. RESULTS: The subjects presented with widely variable symptoms and physical manifestations related to the head and neck as a result of torture, in addition to psychiatric disease. Documentation of head and neck findings were essential to the asylum claim. CONCLUSIONS: Otolaryngologists serving immigrant and refugee populations must be familiar with methods and manifestations of torture involving the head and neck. Language: en
Validity of the Fear Survey Schedule in phobia research: a laboratory test

The Fear Survey Schedule III, developed by Wolpe and Lang (1969, 1977), is used frequently to classify subjects as phobic or nonphobic. Subjects selected for their intense-fear scores on blood, fire, bat, and snake items did not significantly differ from no-fear subjects on an objective behavioral assessment test. Analyses of subject verbal reports suggest several possibilities for the inability to discriminate between fearful and nonfearful subjects. Researchers are cautioned about the use of the Fear Survey Schedule for selecting phobic subjects without supporting evidence.
A twin study of heritable and shared environmental contributions to autism

The present study examined genetic and shared environment contributions to quantitatively-measured autism symptoms and categorically-defined autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Participants included 568 twins from the Interactive Autism Network. Autism symptoms were obtained using the Social Communication Questionnaire and Social Responsiveness Scale. Categorically-defined ASD was based on clinical diagnoses. DeFries-Fulker and liability threshold models examined etiologic influences. Very high heritability was observed for extreme autism symptom levels ( $$ {\text{h}}_{g}^{2} = . 9 2{-} 1. 20 $$ ). Extreme levels of social and repetitive behavior symptoms were strongly influenced by common genetic factors. Heritability of categorically-defined ASD diagnosis was comparatively low (.21, 95 % CI 0.15–0.28). High heritability of extreme autism symptom levels confirms previous observations of strong genetic influences on autism. Future studies will require large, carefully ascertained family pedigrees and quantitative symptom measurements.
Unwillingness to communicate, anomia-alienation, and communication apprehension as predictors of small group communication.

Summary This investigation created a new 26-item scale to measure a construct labeled unwillingness to communicate. In conjunction with measures of communication apprehension, anomia, and alienation, the scale was used to predict small group interaction behavior. The scale was the best predictor of tension in the small group. The reliability, criterion-related validity, and potential utility of the scale are discussed.
Gestonurse: a multimodal robotic scrub nurse

A novel multimodal robotic scrub nurse (RSN) system for the operating room (OR) is presented. The RSN assists the main surgeon by passing surgical instruments. Experiments were conducted to test the system with speech and gesture modalities and average instrument acquisition times were compared. Experimental results showed that 97% of the gestures were recognized correctly under changes in scale and rotation and that the multimodal system responded faster than the unimodal systems. A relationship similar in form to Fitts's law for instrument picking accuracy is also presented.
Reliability analyses on a TSV structure for CMOS image sensor

In order to assess the reliability behavior of a typical TSV structure, this study describes the reliability tests to qualify the samples with three types of the TSV test-keys, which includes the Kelvin structure, the via-chain, and the meander metal lines. With enough number of the samples for statistic analyses, resistances of the samples were first found increased after the preconditioning process. The temperature cycling tests (TCT) and the temperature humidity cycling tests (THTC) were next performed according to the JEDEC standards, and resistances variations on the samples were recorded during the tests. The Weibull parameters for the testing samples were finally extracted from the testing data to obtain the lifetime performance of the samples.
Quality of life in long-term survivors of bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND The quality of life (QOL) of long-term survivors of bladder cancer in a population-based registry was assessed. METHODS The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-BL) instrument was used to evaluate QOL in a population-based sample of bladder cancer patients. QOL scores were compared between those undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) or those with an intact bladder (BI) and between continent and conduit urinary diversion groups. The influence of current age and time since diagnosis of cancer on QOL were also examined. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine the influence of age, time since diagnosis, current condition, treatment, stage of cancer, and comorbid conditions on QOL. RESULTS A total of 259 patients participated in the study who had undergone RC (n = 82) or other therapy (BI) (n = 177). There were no differences in general QOL scores between RC and BI groups and between the 2 urinary diversion groups, but patients undergoing RC had worse sexual function scores. QOL scores for BI patients tended to decrease with increasing age (P = .01). Presence of comorbid conditions lowered QOL (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS General QOL does not vary among long-term bladder cancer survivors regardless of treatment, but sexual functioning can be adversely affected in those undergoing cystectomy. Long-term QOL declines even in those with intact bladders, particularly in those with comorbidities. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Pure Self‐Assessment of Size During Male–Male Contests in the Parasitoid Wasp Nasonia vitripennis

During contest competition, a competitor may persist in a given contest based on information regarding its own fighting ability (resource-holding potential, RHP), or that of its opponent. Although a number of models formalize the ways in which competitors are hypothesized to use RHP-related information to determine their persistence in contests, we focused on pure self-assessment and mutual assessment models in this study. According to pure self-assessment models, a competitor uses only information regarding its own RHP to determine its persistence in a contest. In contrast, according to mutual assessment models, persistence is based on information regarding a competitor's RHP relative to that of its opponent and therefore requires assessment between competitors. In this study, using size as a proxy for RHP, we tested whether the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis utilizes pure self-assessment or mutual assessment during pairwise, male-male contests. When we examined competitors of varied sizes, we found that the losing male's size was positively related to contest duration, but the winning male's size was uncorrelated with contest duration. When we examined contests in which competitors were size-matched, we found that the mean size of paired competitors was positively related to contest duration. These results suggest that male N. vitripennis engage in pure self-assessment during contests.
Quantitative and Qualitative Role of Added Gluten on White Salted Noodles

ABSTRACT A commercial gluten and glutens isolated from four soft and four hard wheat flours were incorporated into a hard and a soft white flour by replacement to directly determine the quantitative and qualitative role of gluten proteins in making noodles. Gluten incorporation (6%) decreased water absorption of noodle dough by 3%, shortened the length of the dough sheet by 15 and 18%, and increased the thickness of the dough sheet by 18 and 20% in soft and hard wheat flour, respectively. Noodles imbibed less water and imbibed water more slowly during cooking with gluten incorporation, which resulted in a 3-min increase in cooking time for both soft and hard wheat noodles. Despite the extended cooking time of 3 min, noodles incorporated with 6% gluten exhibited decreases in cooking loss by 15% in soft wheat. In hard wheat flour, cooking loss of noodles was lowest with 2% incorporation of gluten. Tensile strength of fresh and cooked noodles, as well as hardness of cooked noodles, increased linearly with in...
Characterization of electrical and physical properties of single-walled carbon nanotube ink

This paper presents a method of characterizing single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) ink and discusses preliminary research results of our characterization efforts. First, the process of ink jet printing SWCNT ink onto organic and inorganic substrates is discussed. Next, the tests for measuring sheet resistance, conductance, thickness, roll-off, and S-parameters of the ink are described. Future research directions will be discussed, including the additional characterization of SWCNT ink
Softcon toric: A new extended wear alternative

Abstract Thirty-nine F.D.A. clinical subjects were fitted and evaluated with a new cast-moulded-toric-design AmericanOptical Softcon lens to determine the acceptability and performance of the lens for the American market. These subjects were evaluated over a one year period. Measurement and observations over that time showed 25 % of the population had corneal flattening of one dioptre. Otherwise, there was a very high degree of satisfaction with this lens over the prior lens that most subjects were wearing.
Evaluating Ethics Quality in Health Care Organizations: Looking Back and Looking Forward

To spark a conversation about how best to evaluate ethics quality, this article draws on the collective experience of the IntegratedEthicsTM evaluation team to reflect on what we have learned and to envision an agenda for future work. The article emphasizes the importance of beginning with a well-defined conceptual model, building an expert team, committing the resources necessary to do evaluation well, and tailoring the evaluation methods to the target audience. The article then describes a five-point agenda for future work on ethics quality in health care: further evaluate and improve ethics programs; further evaluate and improve specific ethical practices; examine the relationships among various aspects of ethics quality; examine the relationships between ethics quality and other important organizational outcomes; and foster cross-institutional collaborations to evaluate and improve ethics quality. The hope is that some day ethics will be fully integrated into the mainstream of health care quality mana...