cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tindholmur and Mykines: Two New Kemerovo Group Orbiviruses from the Faeroe Islands

Six isolates of Kemerovo group orbiviruses were recovered from 24 lots of adult female Ixodes uriae (136 specimens) collected from Common Puffin ( Fratercula arctica ) colonies in the Faeroe Islands during July and August 1974. Two undescribed serotypes (designated Tindholmur and Mykines viruses) were detected among the isolates by neutralization tests. Tindholmur virus (prototype strain DenAr 2) was recovered from 2 lots of ticks collected in Tindholmur; 4 strains of Mykines virus (prototype strain DenAr 12) were isolated from 2 lots of I. uriae from Tindholmur and 2 from Mykines.
Stoichiometric C═O bond oxidative addition of benzophenone by a discrete radical intermediate to form a cobalt(I) carbene.

Single electron transfer from the ZrIIICo0 heterobimetallic complex (THF)Zr(MesNPiPr2)3Co–N2 (1) to benzophenone was previously shown to result in the isobenzopinacol product [(Ph2CO)Zr(MesNPiPr2)3Co–N2]2 (2) via coupling of two ketyl radicals. In this work, thermolysis of 2 in an attempt to favor a monomeric ketyl radical species unexpectedly led to cleavage of the C–O bond to generate a Zr/Co μ-oxo species featuring an unusual terminal Co═CPh2 carbene linkage, (η2-MesNPiPr2)Zr(μ-O)(MesNPiPr2)2Co═CPh2 (3). This complex was characterized structurally and spectroscopically, and its electronic structure is discussed in the context of density functional theory calculations. Complex 3 was also shown to be active toward carbene group transfer (cyclopropanation), and silane addition to 3 leads to PhSiH2O–Zr(MesNPiPr2)3Co–N2 (5) via a proposed Co–alkyl bond homolysis route.
Surface Chemistry of Dimethylaluminum Hydride and Trimethylaluminum on Aluminum

The surface chemistry of dimethylaluminum hydride (DMAH) and trimethylaluminum (TMA) on aluminum has been investigated with temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The TPD spectra of TMA shows a single desorption peak with a peak maximum which shifts from 190 to 200 K for surface coverages of 0.5 and 2.0 monolayers (ML) respectively. DMAH desorbs from an aluminum surface between 198 and 236 K at surface coverages ranging from 0.1 to 4.0 ML. A second DMAH desorption peak is observed at about 200 K (2.0 ML) when the aluminum surface is contaminated with carbonaceous species, resulting from the decomposition of DMAH. Both DMAH and TMA yield methane as a reaction product on the aluminum surface. The surface reactions of DMAH on aluminum also yield TMA as a reaction product.
Influence of Feeding Time, Stylet Penetration, and Developmental Instar on the Toxic Effect of the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid

Greenhouse experiments on the production of yellow vein-banding symptoms by the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buck ton) on seedling Caliverde alfalfa plants were conducted during the spring and summer of 1958. The percentage of plants affected with yellow vein-handing symptoms increased with an increase in the length of feeding time of individual aphids. The amount of time required for systemie symptom expression on 50% of the plants for third and fourth instars nymphs was estimated at approximately 10 hours. The symptom incidence was higher for late (third and fourth) instar than for early (first and second) instar nymphs. Most of the variability in symptom incidence was attributed to variable plant susceptibility and not inherent differences in aphid toxicity. T. maculata and Myzus persicae (Sulz.) each produced salivary sheaths when fed through a membrane into water. These sheaths were quite distinct between species in size and configuration. Experiments demonstrated that toxin injection, as measured by disease incidence, was a constant and somewhat additive function of feeding time, and was not dependent solely on the number of sheaths produced. Attempts to isolate the toxic principle were made; however, experiments to find a satisfactory bioassay method for it were negative.
The Relation of Oxygen Consumption to Temperature in Desert Rodents

No information is available on the effects of temperature upon the oxygen consumption of any desert rodent, although the Schmidt-Nielsens (1950 a ) have made measurements on several species at 25° C. in the course of their extensive investigations of water metabolism (1952). Accordingly, this study dealing with the Merriam and Panamint kangaroo rats ( Dipodomys merriami and D. panamintinus ) and with the antelope ground squirrel ( Citellus leucurus ) was undertaken. It attempts to define the zones of metabolic thermal neutrality for these desert animals, to analyse their metabolic responses to ambient temperatures above and below thermal neutrality, and to compare the temperature regulation of the nocturnal kangaroo rats, which do not meet the most intense desert heat, with that of the diurnal ground squirrel, which periodically encounters high air temperatures and intense solar radiation. This investigation was carried out during tenure of a U. S. Public Health Service Research Fellowship in the Department of Zoology, University of California, Los Angeles. I am grateful for the numerous courtesies extended by Dr. George A. Bartholomew in placing the facilities of his laboratory at my disposal. Materials and Methods .—Twenty-five Merriam kangaroo rats, 15 Panamint kangaroo rats, and 12 antelope ground squirrels were used in this study. All were captured during June and July, 1953, at Lovejoy Buttes, Los Angeles County, California, a site located near the western edge of the Mojave Desert. They were housed in glass terraria during their stay in the laboratory. Each terrarium had a sand-covered floor and was provided with a 16 oz. bottle made of brown glass, which afforded the animals a place of retreat. Cotton was available for nesting material. The antelope ground squirrels and Panamint kangaroo rats were housed individually. The more sociable Merriam kangaroo rats were placed several to a terrarium. Pood consisting of sunflower …
Treatment of AL-Amyloidosis with Dexamethasone Plus Alpha Interferon

Current therapy for primary systemic (AL) amyloidosis has only modest efficacy (response rate 25%) and because it includes alkylating agents, it has a significant leukemogenic potential (actuarial risk 21% at 3.5 years). We treated 9 consecutive patients with biopsy proven AL amyloidosis seen at our institution with pulse dexamethasone induction (40 mg on days 1-4, 9-12, 17-20 repeated q35 days) for 3-6 cycles followed by maintenance alpha interferon 3-6 million units thrice weekly. Three patients also received maintenance dexamethasone (40 mg/ day q 4 days q 4-8 weeks) for the first year. Improvement in ≥1 AL organ involvement was seen in 8 of 9 patients. Of 7 patients with nephrotic range proteinuria, 6 had ≥50% reduction in nonspecific proteinuria with a median time to response of 4 months (range 3-9 months). Marked improvement in organ function was also seen in 4 patients with gastrointestinal, hepatic and neuropathic involvement. However, none of the 2 patients with congestive heart failure improved....
MMP14 Cleavage of VEGFR1 in the Cornea Leads to a VEGF-Trap Antiangiogenic Effect

Purpose To determine the possible antiangiogenic effect of metalloproteinase (MMP) 14 cleavage of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) in the cornea.
Cross-sectional investigation of prevalence of type 2 diabetes in urban community residents of Wuxi City

Objective:To understand and master the prevalence characteristics and main influences on urban community residents with type 2 diabetes of China.Methods:The cluster sampling method was used to select residents over the age of 20 who live in two streets within four committees belonging to two urban administrative regions of Wuxi for at least one year(including one year).The methods of detecting fasting glucose and questioning face-to-face were conducted to inquire the prevalence rate and influencing factors of diabetes.Results:In the urban community of Wuxi, the prevalence rate and standard rate of type 2 diabetes were 10.20% and 6.78% respectively.The current prevalence rate and new prevalence rate and impaired fasting glucose prevalence rate were 4.66%,2.12% and 1.85%.The rates of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the people of overweight and hypertension are significantly higher.Hyperglycosemia and hypertension are close related to obesity, while diabetes is related to age, occupation, education and other factors.Conclusion:The prevalence of diabetes among wuxi residents is more serious, comprehensive prevention must be carried out against the high risk group.
Analysis of multi-dimensional contemporaneous EHR data to refine delirium assessments

Delirium is a potentially lethal condition of altered mental status, attention, and level of consciousness with an acute onset and fluctuating course. Its causes are multi-factorial, and its pathophysiology is not well understood; therefore clinical focus has been on prevention strategies and early detection. One patient evaluation technique in routine use is the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM): a relatively simple test resulting in 'positive', 'negative' or 'unable-to-assess' (UTA) ratings. Hartford Hospital nursing staff use the CAM regularly on all non-critical care units, and a high frequency of UTA was observed after reviewing several years of records. In addition, patients with UTA ratings displayed poor outcomes such as in-hospital mortality, longer lengths of stay, and discharge to acute and long term care facilities. We sought to better understand the use of UTA, especially outside of critical care environments, in order to improve delirium detection throughout the hospital. An unsupervised clustering approach was used with additional, concurrent assessment data available in the EHR to categorize patient visits with UTA CAMs. The results yielded insights into the most common situations in which the UTA rating was used (e.g. impaired verbal communication, dementia), suggesting potentially inappropriate ratings that could be refined with further evaluation and remedied with updated clinical training. Analysis of the patient clusters also suggested that unrecognized delirium may contribute to the poor outcomes associated with the use of UTA. This method of using temporally related high dimensional EHR data to illuminate a dynamic medical condition could have wider applicability. Display Omitted Leveraged concurrent EHR data to understand frequent unable-to-assess (UTA) CAMs.Clustered non-ICU patient encounters using controlled vocabulary term frequencies.Potentially inappropriate UTAs observed with communication barriers or dementia.Outcomes associated with clustered patients may be linked to unrecognized delirium.Approach identified opportunities for improved clinical assessments and training.
Beekeeping techniques: Feeding Sugar to Bees. I. Feeders and Syrup Feeding

Information is given here on general principles of feeding sugar or syrup, and on types of syrup feeders and their use. Part 2 will deal with the circumstances in which colonies should be fed, and the methods by which it is best done. Part 3 will discuss dry sugar and candy feeding.
The Distribution of Fluted Points in Arizona

ABSTRACTA total of seventy-two fluted projectile points have been reported from seventeen localities within Arizona. The location and distribution of these points indicates that early man, using fluted projectile points, was most active in the northeast Plateau region, and the southeast Desert regions of the state.
Toward Rational Policy on Regulation of Mutual Funds

This book has examined, both conceptually and empirically, the economic merits of the arguments offered in support of the current regulatory and legal structure. It has offered evidence on the behavior of the industry, the behavior of mutual fund consumers, and the consequent ability of advisers to charge excessive fees.
Rendering Mathematics for the Web using Madoko

Madoko [6-8] is a novel authoring system for writing complex documents. It is especially well suited for complex academic or industrial documents, like scientific articles, reference manuals, or math-heavy presentations. One particular important aspect of Madoko is to write a document in high-level Markdown [5] with a focus on semantic content. From this document specification we can generate both high-quality PDF output (via LATEX) but also generate highquality HTML that can re-scale and re-flow dynamically. Styling is done through standard CSS attributes and can be done orthogonal to the content.
The Future of Transgender Coverage

The United States has seen a rapid increase in insurance coverage for health care services related to gender transition, driven by growing consensus on their medical necessity and new legal interpretations prohibiting insurance discrimination against transgender people.
Dendritic cells in the host response to implanted materials

The role of dendritic cells (DCs) and their targeted manipulation in the body's response to implanted materials is an important and developing area of investigation, and a large component of the emerging field of biomaterials-based immune engineering. The key position of DCs in the immune system, serving to bridge innate and adaptive immunity, is facilitated by rich diversity in type and function and places DCs as a critical mediator to biomaterials of both synthetic and natural origins. This review presents current views regarding DC biology and summarizes recent findings in DC responses to implanted biomaterials. Based on these findings, there is promise that the directed programming of application-specific DC responses to biomaterials can become a reality, enabling and enhancing applications almost as diverse as the larger field of biomaterials itself.
Dynamic reconstruction of influence graphs with adaptive directed information

We introduce an adaptive version of directed information to estimate an influence graph over nodes with time-varying features. Originally developed as a generalization of the Shannon Mutual Information for quantifying the effect of feedback in a simple communication channel, directed information (DI) measures the amount of causal, time-varying influence that one node's actions have on another node. By estimating these quantities, we can infer a directed graph that captures the flow of influence between nodes. We introduce an online time-averaged version of DI called adaptive directed information (ADI) to study the difference in graphical structure over time. This method is applied to two Twitter US political datasets to track changes in the graphical structure between candidates' Twitter feeds.
Mixed Anxiety/Depression in Childhood and Adolescence

Depression and anxiety are recognized as significant mental health problems during childhood and adolescence. The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression increases during development, these problems are associated with impaired social and school functioning, and anxiety and depression symptoms or disorders early in development are predictive of similar problems in adulthood (Hammen & Rudolph, 1996). In spite of the overall significance of these problems for the well-being and development of children and adolescents, several issues about the conceptualization and basic nature of anxiety and depression in young people remain unresolved (Compas, Connor, & Hinden, 1998). Most importantly, the conceptualization of the nature and developmental course of depression and anxiety in young people remains open to debate. On the one hand, these problems have been conceptualized as discrete disorders that adhere to criteria that were originally developed for adults and have been extended down, with minor modifications, to children and adolescents (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). On the other hand, quantitative approaches to child and adolescent psychopathology have not identified distinct syndromes that reflect anxiety and depression, but have consistently revealed a syndrome that includes a mixture of anxious and depressed symptoms (Achenbach, 1991; Achenbach, Verhulst, Baron & Akkerhuis, 1987; Verhulst & van der Ende, 1992).
Systematic examination of the impact of depolarization duration on thalamic reticular nucleus firing in vivo.

Abstract The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is optimally positioned to regulate information processing and state dynamics in dorsal thalamus. Distinct inputs depolarize TRN on multiple time scales, including thalamocortical afferents, corticothalamic ‘feedback’, and neuromodulation. Here, we systematically tested the concurrent and after-effects of depolarization duration on TRN firing in vivo using selective optogenetic drive. In VGAT-ChR2 mice, we isolated TRN single units (SU: N = 100 neurons) that responded at brief latency (≤5 ms) to stimulation. These units, and multi-unit activity (MUA) on corresponding electrodes, were analyzed in detail. Consistent with prior findings in relay neurons, after light cessation, burst-like events occurred in 74% of MUA sites, and 16% of SU. Increasing optical duration from 2 to 330 ms enhanced this burst probability, and decreased the latency to the first burst after stimulation. During stimulation, neurons demonstrated a ‘plateau’ firing response lasting 20–30 ms in response to light, but significant heterogeneity existed in the minimal stimuli required to drive this response. Two distinct types were evident, more sensitive ‘non-linear’ neurons that were driven to the plateau response by 2 or 5 ms pulses, versus ‘linear’ neurons that fired proportionally to optical duration, and reached the plateau with ∼20-ms optical drive. Non-linear neurons showed higher evoked firing rates and burst probability, but spontaneous rate did not differ between types. These findings provide direct predictions for TRN responses to a range of natural depolarizing inputs, and a guide for the optical control of this key structure in studies of network function and behavior.
Should All of Nepal Be Treated as Having the Same Earthquake Hazard

Current earthquake hazard maps for Nepal predict substantial variations in hazard within the nation, with noticeable differences between maps. We thus suggest that given present knowledge, all of Nepal may be better regarded as equally hazardous and perhaps vulnerable to much larger earthquakes than those currently known because of their long recurrence times. This proposal is based on the limitations of the historical earthquake record, the recognized deficit in seismic moment release, and GPS data showing a similar level of coupling along the arc. Support for using smoother maps can be had from analysis for Japan, which is also located on and parallel to a subduction boundary, showing that in some ways the hazard maps may be overparameterized, in that including too high a level of detail may lower the maps’ ability to predict shaking. Treating Nepal’s hazard as uniform and developing mitigation strategies accordingly may help reduce damage in future earthquakes.
Field-controllable second harmonic generation at a graphene oxide heterointerface.

We report on the voltage-dependent SHG signal obtained in a reduced-graphene oxide (rGO)/p-type Si heterointerface. A simple qualitative model considering the interaction between the heterointerface depletion region potential and the naturally occurring surface dipole layer on the rGO is introduced to account for the characteristics of the SHG signal, specifically, a minimum point at ≈ −3 V bias on the rGO side of the interface. This feature-rich system has the potential to provide field-controllable surface-dipole moments and second-order nonlinearities, which may find applications in tunable nonlinear photonic devices for realizing second-harmonic generation and optical-rectification.
Variations in Volunteer Use among Human Service Organizations in the USA

Knowledge of volunteering and volunteer management requires understanding from both individual and organizational perspectives. However, most existing research focuses on individual volunteers and the supply side of volunteering, leaving the demand side substantially understudied. The present study examines the organizational perspective of volunteering, focusing on the differences in volunteer use among nonprofit organizations. In particular, this study tests how various organizational characteristics predict the size of the volunteer program in human service organizations in the USA. The results show that, controlling for revenue and employment size, the size of volunteer program is negatively associated with the proportion of business income, while it is not significantly associated with the proportion of charitable contributions and grants. This finding provides supports for the concerns that increasing commercialization of nonprofit organizations will weaken the role of volunteers in human service delivery. The results also reveal that the extent of volunteer use is positively associated with the culture of good governance within the organization as well as organizational involvement in political activities.
Galois coverings of the arithmetic line

This paper concerns Galois branched coverings of the line, first over the complex numbers and then over the p-adics. We construct such covers with arbitrary Galois group, and then descend these to covers defined over number fields. In particular, every finite group is shown to occur as a Galois group over Open image in new window . This is a consequence of a more general result that also implies that complete local domains other than fields are never Hilbertian — thus answering a question of Lang.
Sclerosing Microcystic Adenocarcinoma: Report of a Rare Case and Review of Literature

Sclerosing microcystic adenocarcinoma is an exceedingly rare entity occurring in the mucosal surfaces of the head and neck that closely resembles cutaneous microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Here, we report a case of sclerosing microcystic adenocarcinoma that presented as a vague mass at the floor of the mouth in a 55-year-old woman. The pathology features and the diagnostic challenges, especially in the biopsy and margin evaluation are discussed here. Similar cases published in the English literatures are reviewed.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis type VII secretion system effectors differentially impact the ESCRT endomembrane damage response

ABSTRACT Intracellular pathogens have varied strategies to breach the endolysosomal barrier so that they can deliver effectors to the host cytosol, access nutrients, replicate in the cytoplasm, and avoid degradation in the lysosome. In the case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium perforates the phagosomal membrane shortly after being taken up by macrophages. Phagosomal damage depends upon the mycobacterial ESX-1 type VII secretion system (T7SS). Sterile insults, such as silica crystals or membranolytic peptides, can also disrupt phagosomal and endolysosomal membranes. Recent work revealed that the host endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery rapidly responds to sterile endolysosomal damage and promotes membrane repair. We hypothesized that ESCRTs might also respond to pathogen-induced phagosomal damage and that M. tuberculosis could impair this host response. Indeed, we found that ESCRT-III proteins were recruited to M. tuberculosis phagosomes in an ESX-1-dependent manner. We previously demonstrated that the mycobacterial effectors EsxG/TB9.8 and EsxH/TB10.4, both secreted by the ESX-3 T7SS, can inhibit ESCRT-dependent trafficking of receptors to the lysosome. Here, we additionally show that ESCRT-III recruitment to sites of endolysosomal damage is antagonized by EsxG and EsxH, both within the context of M. tuberculosis infection and sterile injury. Moreover, EsxG and EsxH themselves respond within minutes to membrane damage in a manner that is independent of calcium and ESCRT-III recruitment. Thus, our study reveals that T7SS effectors and ESCRT participate in a series of measures and countermeasures for control of phagosome integrity. IMPORTANCEMycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, which kills more people than any other infection. M. tuberculosis grows in macrophages, cells that specialize in engulfing and degrading microorganisms. Like many intracellular pathogens, in order to cause disease, M. tuberculosis damages the membrane-bound compartment (phagosome) in which it is enclosed after macrophage uptake. Recent work showed that when chemicals damage this type of intracellular compartment, cells rapidly detect and repair the damage, using machinery called the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT). Therefore, we hypothesized that ESCRT might also respond to pathogen-induced damage. At the same time, our previous work showed that the EsxG-EsxH heterodimer of M. tuberculosis can inhibit ESCRT, raising the possibility that M. tuberculosis impairs this host response. Here, we show that ESCRT is recruited to damaged M. tuberculosis phagosomes and that EsxG-EsxH undermines ESCRT-mediated endomembrane repair. Thus, our studies demonstrate a battle between host and pathogen over endomembrane integrity.
The first glance is the weakest: “Tasteful” individuals are slower to judge visual art

Abstract Recent research (Myszkowski, Celik, & Storme, 2018) has suggested that the ability to form accurate visual aesthetic judgments – an ability referred to as aesthetic sensitivity (Child, 1964), or “good taste” (Eysenck, 1983) – could be explained by the extent to which one taps into extensive processing strategies when facing aesthetic objects. Because individual differences in processing extensiveness may lead to different processing speed, we hypothesize that individuals with high visual aesthetic sensitivity present slower responding to visual aesthetic sensitivity tasks – even without time constraints. 201 adults took the Visual Aesthetic Sensitivity Test-Revised (Myszkowski & Storme, 2017), and their responses and response times were analyzed through joint hierarchical item-response theory modeling (van der Linden & Fox, 2016). As hypothesized, latent speed was negatively correlated at −0.47 (95% HPD [−0.61, −0.32]) with latent accuracy. Similar findings were obtained, accounting for guessing or not, including aberrant response patterns or not. In addition, more difficult items were also more time intensive. These findings are discussed as a substantiation that an important explanation for individual differences in visual aesthetic sensitivity lies in how much individuals are disposed to extensively process aesthetic objects.
News and Geolocated Social Media Accurately Measure Protest Size Variation

Larger protests are more likely to lead to policy changes than small ones are, but whether or not attendance estimates provided in news or generated from social media are biased is an open question. This letter closes the question: news and geolocated social media data generate accurate estimates of protest size variation. This claim is substantiated using cellphone location data from more than 10 million individuals during the 2017 United States Women’s March protests. These cellphone estimates correlate strongly with those provided in news media as well as three size estimates generated using geolocated tweets, one text-based and two based on images. Inferences about protest attendance from these estimates match others’ findings about the Women’s March.
Commercial Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Molecular Assays: Superior Analytical Sensitivity of cobas SARS-CoV-2 Relative to NxTAG CoV Extended Panel and ID NOW COVID-19 Test.

CONTEXT.­: We implemented multiple nucleic acid amplification test platforms because of the limited availability of test kits for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the early stages of the pandemic. Interpretation of results generated by different platforms and prioritization for testing algorithms required cross-comparison. OBJECTIVE.­: To compare the analytical sensitivity of 3 commercial SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays, selected samples were studied in parallel with Cobas SARS-CoV-2 test, NxTAG CoV Extended Panel, and ID NOW COVID-19 assays. DESIGN.­: A total of 8043 SARS-CoV-2 tests performed from March 22 to April 19, 2020, were included in this study. For all 1794 positive specimens detected by the cobas SARS-CoV-2 assay, the cycle threshold (Ct) values were manually tracked and plotted to demonstrate the distribution of sample viral levels. Additionally, 50 and 63 low-positive specimens (Ct values >32) as well as 50 and 61 consecutive positive specimens by the cobas assay were tested with NxTAG and ID NOW, respectively, to estimate their relative sensitivities. RESULTS.­: The Ct values of cobas SARS-CoV-2-positive samples were evenly distributed throughout ranges of 13.32 to 39.50 (mean, 25.06) and 13.60 to 42.49 (mean, 26.45) for ORF1 and E gene targets, respectively. NxTAG reliably detected only specimens with E gene Ct values lower than 33, and is estimated to detect 89.4% of positive specimens detected by cobas assay. ID NOW had performance variation independent of Ct value and is estimated to detect 83.5% of cobas positives. CONCLUSIONS.­: Clinical specimens exhibit a wide range of viral burden, with a significant portion at low levels. Analytical sensitivity of testing platforms is critical for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 and uniform care to patients.
Cosine Series Representation.

This short paper is based on Chung et al. (2010), where the cosine series representation (CSR) is used in modeling the shape of white matter fiber tracts in diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) and Wang et al. (2018), where the method is used to denoise EEG. The proposed explicit analytic approach offers far superior flexibility in statistical modeling compared to the usual implicit Fourier transform methods such as the discrete cosine transforms often used in signal processing. The MATLAB codes and sample data can be obtained from this http URL.
Contextualizing communities in an instructional improvement initiative: exploring STEM faculty engagement in teaching-related conversations

A frequently cited strategy for fostering science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) instructional improvements is creating communities where faculty can share and learn evidence-based teaching practices. Despite research-documented benefits, little is known about why (and with whom) faculty engage in teaching-related conversations, including those fostered by initiative communities. We explored how STEM faculty engage in teaching-related conversations, via analysis of faculty interviews and discussion networks, to identify factors potentially influencing teaching-related conversations over the life of an initiative. Our results suggest aspects that might inhibit STEM faculty from engaging in teaching-related conversations, including: 1) faculty members’ autonomy with teaching practices; 2) faculty members’ varied interests in teaching improvements; 3) varied degrees of support to engage in teaching-related conversations; and 4) a lack of inclusive and non-judgmental spaces to talk about teaching. We suggest that those fostering STEM faculty communities consider working with others across the institution to map the instructional improvement opportunities faculty may already take part in and attend to areas lacking support. Initiative leaders and designers should also elicit and build off faculty members’ teaching-related knowledge and concerns. We further suggest making conversational spaces inclusive and safe, to help faculty honestly share teaching-related challenges and insights. We recommend creating and fostering spaces that bring faculty together across department boundaries. Our study echoes prior research by drawing attention to administrative support for instructional improvement initiatives, which can foster and sustain opportunities for faculty to talk about teaching and learn instructional improvements.
COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, reactogenicity, work-related absences and the impact on operating room staffing: A cross-sectional study.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption to healthcare delivery worldwide including in the delivery of surgical services. The introduction of mRNA COVID vaccines and the significant reactogenicity seen with vaccination has caused an unanticipated impact on the operating room workforce via unanticipated paid time off after employee vaccination. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional survey was made available to approximately 33,000 front-line healthcare workers, students and volunteers who were offered voluntary vaccination in a state-wide healthcare system during phase one of the state's vaccine roll-out. The primary study aim was to determine the frequency of unanticipated paid time off, and the secondary study aim was to identify any demographic determinants influencing the need for unanticipated time off work secondary to adverse effects. Results 4009 responses were received, a 12.15% response rate. When looking specifically at individuals who did not proactively schedule themselves for time off after vaccination, we determined that unanticipated paid administrative leave was required for 4.9% and 19.79% of individuals after the first and second doses of vaccine, respectively. The average lengths of absence were 1.66 days and 1.39 days for the first and second doses, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences found in the need for unanticipated leave when compared by vaccine manufacturer, gender, age, ethnicity, or job description. However, individuals with a bachelor's degree demonstrated a significantly higher unanticipated leave requirement than respondents who reported other educational backgrounds. Conclusions The ability to staff operating rooms and other critical healthcare services may be negatively affected as a result of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination reactogenicity and subsequent unanticipated paid administrative leave. For future COVID-19 boosters or during other pandemics in which mRNA vaccination is recommended, employees should proactively schedule their vaccination(s) in conjunction with their work schedules to minimize the impact of reactogenicity and unanticipated time off on the operating room schedule and patient care.
Chapter 13 - Free radicals in toxicology with an emphasis on electron spin resonance investigations

This chapter discusses the mechanisms by which free radicals are formed in biological systems, the criteria for determining free radical involvement in toxicity, and the detection of free radicals using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The high reactivity of most free radicals makes their detection difficult. Electron spin (paramagnetic) resonance (ESR or EPR) is a spectroscopic technique that detects the unpaired electron present in a free radical. As such, it is the only approach (other than superoxide dismutase) that can provide direct evidence for the presence of a free radical. In addition, the analysis of the ESR spectrum generally enables the determination of the identity of the free radical. There are four criteria for the involvement of free radical processes in toxicity. The first criterion is the detection of the free radical metabolite, either with ESR or by its unique reaction product. The second criterion is the in vitro demonstration that free radicals are involved in the biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, such as covalent binding, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. The third criterion is the common symptom test, which is the production of similar toxicity by otherwise dissimilar chemicals that produce free radicals with common chemistry. The fourth criterion is that the ability to modulate the toxicity through the administration of antioxidants or free radical scavengers needs to be met before toxicity can be considered to be caused by formation of free radicals.
Do W_L and H form a p-wave bound state?

We examine the possibility of bound state formation in the W_L H --> W_L H channel. The dynamical calculation using the N/D method indicates that when the interactions among the Goldstone and Higgs bosons become sufficiently strong, a p-wave state [I^G(J^P)=1^-(1^+)] may emerge.
The effect of amino acid analogues on alkaline phosphatase formation in Escherichia coli K-12. IV. Substitution of canavanine for arginine.

The substitution of canavanine for arginine in an arginine auxotroph of Escherichia coli K-12 allowed protein synthesis to continue but inhibited the formation of the alkaline phosphatase. Sonically disrupted extracts of cells incubated with 14C-canavanine contained 14C-protein that precipitated with antibody specific to alkaline phosphatase subunits and a fraction of 14C-active enzyme that was distinct from native alkaline phosphatase. This radioactive enzyme was partially purified and shown to have many properties in common with native enzyme. Of the 20 to 22 arginines in alkaline phosphatase, at least 13 and possibly 18 or 19 of these were replaced by canavanine. Prelabeling of cells with 3H-arginine prior to replacement of canavanine in the medium showed that there were probably 1 to 3 arginines in the enzyme. About one-fourth of the alkaline phosphatase subunits formed in the presence of canavanine were found in the active dimer, and the remainder accumulated as inactive subunits in the cell's periplasmic space. The possible differences between the two classes of subunits are discussed.
The age of model organisms.

Nineteenth-century biology embraced the complexity and variety of living things. In the twenty-first century, biologists have returned to these attributes of life with functional and comparative genomics. We could not have done so without the intense study of 'genetically domesticated' model organisms in the twentieth century. The focus on the universality and simplicity of biological systems promoted by these studies is now fading, together, arguably, with the importance of model organisms themselves.
Four Poets from the World

For the past thirty years, Iowa City has been a sought-after home ad dress for writers from around the world. In recent years, visiting writ ers in The University of Iowa's International Writing Program have settled into their quarters each fall on the top floor of the Mayflower Residence Hall.They come to work on writing projects?novels, scripts, collections of poems, translations?but they also open their doors and venture forth, crossing borders of custom and language, religion and politics. They come to discover "America"?and each other. Three of the four poets from the world represented in this issue of TIR spent the fall of 1995 together: Eugenius Alisanka from Lithuania, Ranjit Hoskote from India, and Mohammad Sulaiman from Egypt. The fourth, Ambrose Massaquoi from Sierra Leone, was a program participant in 1994.
Hypertension following erythropoietin therapy in anemic hemodialysis patients.

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) corrects the anemia of end-stage renal disease. However, hypertension has been observed as an adverse effect of increasing red cell mass. In our study, 44 of 63 patients (70%) treated with rHuEpo had an increase in mean arterial pressure greater than 10 mm Hg or required new or additional hypertensive medications. Retrospective analysis disclosed that increasing blood pressure was associated with pretreatment hematocrit level less than or equal to 0.20 (P = .05) and dependency on red cell transfusions (P less than .01). Factors not associated with hypertension included the rate of rise of the hematocrit, the net rise in hematocrit, age, sex, the number of years on dialysis, the presence or absence of kidneys, smoking, or the presence of pretreatment hypertension. Noninvasive hemodynamic studies in eight normotensive patients before and after improvement of the anemia demonstrated a normalization of the decreased peripheral vascular resistance and a reduction toward normal in the elevated cardiac output. In three of these patients, clinical hypertension subsequently evolved. Follow-up hemodynamic studies in nine other patients receiving new or additional antihypertensive medications were difficult to interpret. Although the hypertension can be controlled with routine medication, hypertensive encephalopathy may occur if the blood pressure increases rapidly when the hematocrit increases with rHuEpo therapy.
QCD corrections to H ---> gamma gamma

We compute the two-loop QCD corrections to the decay $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ in the heavy-top-quark limit. We present the subleading terms of $O(\frac{{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}{M}_{H}^{2}}{{M}_{t}^{2}})$ and discuss their importance in extensions of the standard model of electroweak symmetry breaking.
spenito is required for sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster

Sex-lethal (Sxl) encodes the master regulator of the sex determination pathway in Drosophila and acts by controlling sex identity in both soma and germ line. In females Sxl maintains its own expression by controlling the alternative splicing of its own mRNA. Here, we identify a novel sex determination gene, spenito (nito) that encodes a SPEN family protein. Loss of nito activity results in stem cell tumors in the female germ line as well as female-to-male somatic transformations. We show that Nito is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that controls the alternative splicing of the Sxl mRNA by interacting with Sxl protein and pre-mRNA, suggesting that it is directly involved in Sxl auto-regulation. Given that SPEN family proteins are frequently mutated in cancers, our results suggest that these factors might be implicated in tumorigenesis through splicing regulation.
Isolated Sectioning of the Medial and Posteromedial Capsular Ligaments in the Posterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knee Influence on Posterior Tibial Translation

This study was undertaken to determine the contribution of various structures in the posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee in resisting posterior tibial translation. With "isolated" injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament, the amount of posterior translation will decrease with the posterior drawer test as the knee is taken from neutral to internal tibial rotation. The present study was performed to conclusively determine the anatomic structure responsible for this clinical observation. The TestStar device was used to perform single-plane posterior drawer tests in 14 cadaveric knee specimens. The tests were performed with the knee in neutral tibial rotation and in 20 degrees of internal tibial rotation. The intact knee was tested and then the knee was tested after sequential sectioning of the meniscofemoral ligaments, the posterior cruciate ligament, the posteromedial capsule, and the superficial medial collateral ligament. With the knee in neutral rotation, posterior translation continued to increase as each structure was sectioned. With the knee in internal tibial rotation, posterior displacement was significantly less than in neutral rotation for each state until the superficial medial collateral ligament was sectioned; posterior translation was increased after its sectioning. Our data demonstrate that the superficial medial collateral ligament is the structure responsible for a decrease in posterior tibial translation in the posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee.
Closing the ‘achievement gap’ of Mexican Americans: A question of language, learning style, or economics?

The achievement gap of Mexican Americans in the US has been attributed to a variety of factors, among them language, learning styles, and socio‐economic status. In this paper, after looking at the question of linguistic allegiance and the debate which arose in the area of bilingual education between the government which favoured transition to English and those who preferred language maintenance programmes, the role of the schools and the question of learning styles will be discussed. It will be seen that the achievement gap of Mexican Americans and other groups in the US is essentially a question of economics and that the solution lies in greater access to the wider society.
Electron and nitrogen vibrational temperature in the E-region of the ionosphere

Abstract There is considerable evidence that electron temperatures in the E -region are greater than neutral gas temperatures by several hundred degrees. It is suggested that these temperatures reflect nitrogen vibrational temperatures of about 3100°K. Nitrogen vibrational energy may be provided by the reaction which quenches metastable 1 D oxygen atoms produced by photodissociation of oxygen in the Schumann-Runge continuum. Vibrational exchange collisions redistribute the energy leading to a Boltzmann vibrational distribution for the nitrogen molecules. Vibrational energy is lost mainly in collisions with the ambient electrons, and the lifetime of a vibrating molecule is about 5 × 10 5 sec in the E -region.
Dreaming as an Action

In comments on my “Moral Responsibility for Dreams,” J. F. M. Hunter claims that I fail to see that “‘Dreaming is not an action’ is a grammatical remark, [not an “empirical” one] and as such makes no assertion as to what is or may be the case in our souls, but only about how we may talk about certain psychological goings-on.” (p. 535) Hunter argues that ‘Dreaming is not an action’ is a logical remark in the way that ‘Bachelors are unmarried’ is a logical remark. “It is not something that we notice about dreams, that they happen, as it is not something we notice about bachelors that they have no wives. It is part of the concept of a dream; and no matter what characteristics a phenomenon shares with a dream, such as being experienced while asleep, if it does not happen it is for that reason alone not a dream.” (p. 534)
Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity of rat liver deficient in essential fatty acids.

Abstract Mitochondrial β-hydroxybutyric, isocitric, and malic dehydrogenase activities for normal rats and for rats fed diets deficient in essential fatty acids (EFA) were compared. Intact mitochondria from EFA deficient rats had higher activities in 0.5 M sucrose. Both groups of mitochondria had higher activities in water than in 0.5 M sucrose, but the differences between dietary groups were less marked with the hypotonic media than with 0.5 M sucrose. Sonic disruption of the mitochondria increased the dehydrogenase activities of both groups greatly, and eliminated the differences in activities related to diet.
The “Community Entertainment District” Designation as a Tool for Urban Redevelopment in Cincinnati, Ohio

Many urban neighborhoods in the United States have experienced an exodus of businesses. Their Main Streets—once consisting of bustling restaurants and stores—are now marked by “for rent” signs and boarded windows. Some community leaders have given up, but others are actively trying to bring businesses back. In Cincinnati, Ohio, several neighborhoods are starting to use the community entertainment district (CED) designation to attract entertainment and arts establishments. This paper presents an evaluation of the implementation and early impacts of the CED in one neighborhood, which may be insightful to leaders in other urban areas in Ohio and beyond.
Where are the Stars in Dark Galaxies

Blind HI surveys provide a census of galaxies in the local universe that is unbiased by their optical properties. Even the Arecibo Dual-Beam Survey with a sample of only 265 galaxies discovered many low surface brightness galaxies and one galaxy with no obvious stellar component. Overall the galaxies in this survey display a diverse range of gas-to-stellar properties. The environment in which a galaxy resides is shown to be one of the factors responsible for this diversity, but it is not the only one. Clearly there are other factors affecting the complex processes responsible for the conversion of gas into stars rapidly in some galaxies, slowly in others, and rapidly in the center while slowly in the outskirts in still other galaxies. Nevertheless, even the inefficient star formation observed in a large fraction of the gas-rich galaxies appears to be a significant contributor to the overall star-formation rate density locally and therefore an important driver of galaxy evolution that must be understood. We focus on a discussion of the stellar and star formation properties in a 21 cm selected sample of galaxies because it is these measurements that contain the most information about the nature of star formation in galaxies.