cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quadrangular Space Syndrome: A Narrative Overview

Abstract Objective The purpose of this narrative review of the literature is to provide an overview of quadrangular space syndrome with special attention to its clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Methods A narrative review of the English-language, peer-reviewed literature was performed using the key words “axillary nerve,” “quadrangular space,” “quadrilateral space,” and “posterior humeral circumflex artery.” Databases searched were Medline Complete, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literatures, and Index to Chiropractic Literature. The search period was from 1983 through January 2020. Results There were 85 articles selected for this review. A summary and overview are provided. Conclusion Quadrangular space syndrome is an uncommon cause of shoulder pain. Clinicians should consider it as a diagnosis after ruling out more common shoulder conditions and examining other concurrent diseases.
A High-Voltage Cascaded Solid-State DC Circuit Breaker Using Normally-ON SiC JFETs

With evolving landscape of DC power transmission and distribution, a reliable and fast protection against faults is critical, especially for medium- and high-voltage applications. Thus, solid-state circuit breakers (SSCB), consisting of cascaded silicon carbide (SiC) junction field-effect transistors (JFET), utilize the intrinsic normally-ON characteristic along with their low ON-resistance. This approach provides an efficient and robust protection solution from detrimental short-circuit events. However, for applications that require high-voltage blocking capability, a proper number of JFETs need be connected in series to achieve the desired blocking voltage rating. Ensuring equal voltage balancing across the JFETs during the switching transitions as well as the blocking stage is critical and hence, this paper presents a novel passive balancing network for series connected JFETs for DC SSCB applications. The dynamic voltage balancing network to synchronize both the turn ON and OFF intervals is described analytically. Moreover, the static voltage balancing network is implemented to establish equal sharing of the total blocking voltage across the series connection of JFETs. The proposed dynamic and steady-state balancing networks are validated by SPICE simulation and experimental results.
Entropy Landscaping of High-Entropy Carbides

The entropy landscape of high-entropy carbides can be used to understand and predict their structure, properties, and stability. Using first principles calculations, the individual and temperature-dependent contributions of vibrational, electronic, and configurational entropies are analyzed, and compare them qualitatively to the enthalpies of mixing. As an experimental complement, high-entropy carbide thin films are synthesized with high power impulse magnetron sputtering to assess structure and properties. All compositions can be stabilized in the single-phase state despite finite positive, and in some cases substantial, enthalpies of mixing. Density functional theory calculations reveal that configurational entropy dominates the free energy landscape and compensates for the enthalpic penalty, whereas the vibrational and electronic entropies offer negligible contributions. The calculations predict that in many compositions, the single-phase state becomes stable at extremely high temperatures (>3000 K). Consequently, rapid quenching rates are needed to preserve solubility at room temperature and facilitate physical characterization. Physical vapor deposition provides this experimental validation opportunity. The computation/experimental data set generated in this work identifies "valence electron concentration" as an effective descriptor to predict structural and thermodynamic properties of multicomponent carbides and educate new formulation selections.
Beyond the male condom: the evolution of gender-specific HIV interventions for women.

As the number of HIV infections in women has increased, there has been a concomitant recognition that prevention efforts to reduce sexual transmission must address the gendered context in which risk behavior occurs. This paper provides a longitudinal perspective on the emergence of the HIV epidemic in U.S. women and the parallel development of interventions to reduce risk. In the first portion of this paper, we briefly discuss the growth of the epidemic among women and how public health responses reflected the early discourse about infected women. We also address methods of protection available to women, and the emerging recognition of the importance of gender relations. In the second half of this paper, we show how gender-specificity in prevention efforts has evolved, using a framework developed by Geeta Gupta (2001) and relying on published reviews of the intervention literature in the past 10 years. Finally, we discuss in detail several recent examples. We conclude with a discussion of future directions.
Verifying neural codes: the statistical pattern recognition approach

In recent years, a variety of statistical methods have been proposed for studying neuronal codes. Many methods are developed by researchers specifically for their own data and are rarely validated by outside groups. An alternative approach is to use methods that have been developed by experts in signal processing and statistics, that have passed through peer review, and that are widely available. My research group uses such methods to study neural coding in the cerebral cortex. We study simultaneously record neuronal spike trains and wideband field potentials in the cerebral cortex of animals that perform psychophysical and sensorimotor behavioral tasks. This approach allows us to assess neuronal codes that are behaviorally relevant, free from the effects of anesthesia, and may be represented across multiple scales. We define relevant features in neuronal activity using wavelet-based methods and then use pattern recognition methods to quantify the information content of the features on a trial-by-trial basis. Using these methods, we are able to interpret the network properties of neuronal codes and, using a cluster of workstations, we can now analyze neuronal ensemble data sets during the actual performance of behavioral tasks. This approach leads to a new kind of experimental neurophysiology that allows for the verification of neuronal codes.
Panel discussion: mathematical thinking in computer science

The purpose of this panel is to discuss the importance of mathematics and mathematical thinking as applied to well-established disciplines of computing namely: computer science, computer engineering, information systems, software engineering, and computational science. The new ACM/IEEE Computing Curricula 2001 has listed discrete structures, for the first time, as one of the many othe core sub-areas of computer science---this means discrete mathematics topics are more than just another mathematics requirements. In fact, with the importance of so many mathematical topics as relevant to computing, a two-semester sequence in discrete structures is recommended. The panelists will present their views on how mathematics can be utilized as one of the most valuable tools applied to the modern field of computing.
PREDUODENAL PORTAL VEIN

A preduodenal portal vein is a rare vascular anomaly that is the result of a variation in the normal developmental pattern of the embryonic precursors of the portal vein, the right and left vitelline veins and their three anastomotic channels. Such an anomalous vein is a hazard in operations on the duodenum or biliary tract because of the dangers of inadvertent division or ligation. The anteriorly placed portal vein may also interfere with the customary placement of anastomosis in instances of congenital duodenal obstruction. There is a remarkably frequent association of preduodenal portal vein with situs inversus of varying degrees and with malrotation.
Topology correction using fast marching methods and its application to brain segmentation

We present here a new method for correcting the topology of objects segmented from medical images. Whereas previous techniques alter a surface obtained from the hard segmentation of the object, our technique works directly in the image domain, propagating the topology for all isosurfaces of the object. From an analysis of topological changes and critical points in implicit surfaces, we introduce a topology progagation algorithm that enforces any desired topology using a fast marching technique. Compared to previous topology correction techniques, the method successfully corrects topology while effecting fewer changes to the original volume.
Copyright’s Twilight Zone: Digital Copyright Lessons from the Vampire Blogosphere

Web 2.0 technologies, characterized by user-generated content, raise new challenges for copyright law. Online interactions involving reproductions of copyrighted works in blogs, online fan fiction, and online social networks do not comfortably fit existing copyright paradigms. It is unclear whether participants in Web 2.0 forums are creating derivative works, making legitimate fair uses of copyright works, or engaging in acts of digital copyright piracy and plagiarism. As online conduct becomes more interactive, copyright laws are less effective in creating clear signals about proscribed conduct. This article examines the application of copyright law to Web 2.0 technologies. It suggests that social norms must take on greater significance because of the community-oriented nature of much of today’s online conduct. Social norms are significant both as a form of social regulation and because they can guide law and policy makers about appropriate new directions for copyright law reform. This article focuses on four case studies involving the popular Twilight book and movie franchise. These case studies illuminate the relationship between copyright norms and laws in the Web 2.0 context. The author draws lessons from the case studies that might inform future developments in copyright law and policy that would better align laws with expectations of Web 2.0 participants. Twilight is chosen as the focal point because of the complex online relationships that have developed in recent years between the various copyright stakeholders: the book author; movie directors; producers and distributors of the books and movies; actors and production crews; and, the fans.
A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation of the Dual Purpose Funds: An Application of Contingent-Claims Analysis

Abstract Using the option pricing methods developed by Black and Scholes as a general technique for contingent claims analysis, this paper examines a class of mutual funds known as Dual Purpose Funds. By constructing a simplified model for these funds under the ‘perfect hedge’ conditions of Black and Scholes, it is demonstrated that the asset value of the fund will always exceed the market value and that it is not inconsistent with market equilibrium or efficiency for the capital shares to sell at a discount. The simple model predicts price fluctuations in the seven dual funds studied quite well; however, there is a persistent downward bias in the predicted price level. Finally, refinements to the model are examined to determine the nature of the misspecification causing this bias.
A sharp weak type (p,p) inequality (p > 2) for martingale transforms and other subordinate martingales

If (d n ) n≥o is a martingale difference sequence, (e n ) n>0 a sequence of numbers in {1, -1}, and n a positive integer, then P( max 0≤m≤n | m Σ k=0 e k d k | ≥ 1) ≤ α p ∥ n Σ k=0 d k ∥ p p . Here α p denotes the best. constant. If 1 2, and that p p-1 /2 is also the best constant in the analogous inequality for two martingales M and N indexed by [0,∞), right continuous with limits from the left, adapted to the same filtration, and such that [M, M] t - [N, N] t is nonnegative and nondecreasing in t. In Section 7, we prove a similar inequality for harmonic functions.
Atrial Tachycardia: Update

“Atrial tachycardia” encompasses those forms of supraventricular tachycardia that do not involve the atrioventricular node as an obligate part of the tachycardia circuit. We have previously reviewed a conceptual approach for understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of these arrhythmias [1]. The purpose of the present manuscript is to review the important new contributions to our understanding of atrial tachycardias (exclusive of atrial ~brillation, atrial _utter, and inappropriate sinus tachycardia).
Elementary Teachers’ Design of Arts Based Teaching: Investigating the Possibility of Developing Mathematics-Music Integrated Curriculum

In the current study we aimed to examine preservice and inservice teachers’ strategies in planning arts based interdisciplinary instructions. By focusing on teachers’ preparation for teaching mathematics lessons integrated with music-themed activities, we collected and analyzed 78 lessons plans, of which 37 lesson plans were developed by the preservice teachers and 41 lesson plans were developed by inservice teachers. The study examined and compared preservice and inservice teachers’ content foci and instructional processes in strategizing mathematics-music integrated pedagogy into their own original lesson plans. A total of 15 different ways to link music and mathematics content areas were identified from all the lesson plans. Differences in content selections and instructional processes coverage between preservice teacher and inservice teachers’ lesson plans were also explored.
Theology and Spirituality: Strangers, Rivals, or Partners?

After tracing the history of the term “spirituality” and the discipline of spirituality up to the mid-twentieth century, this article describes the contemporary understanding of spirituality as lived religious experience and of the academic discipline which studies this subject. This phenomenology of the discipline grounds a position on the relationship between lived spirituality and theology on the one hand, and the academic disciplines of spirituality and theology on the other.
Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5 Bisphosphate and the Actin Cytoskeleton

Dynamic changes in PM PIP2 have been implicated in the regulation of many processes that are dependent on actin polymerization and remodeling. PIP2 is synthesized primarily by the type I phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate 5 kinases (PIP5Ks), and there are three major isoforms, called a, b and g. There is emerging evidence that these PIP5Ks have unique as well as overlapping functions. This review will focus on the isoform-specific roles of individual PIP5K as they relate to the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. We will review recent advances that establish PIP2 as a critical regulator of actin polymerization and cytoskeleton/membrane linkages, and show how binding of cytoskeletal proteins to membrane PIP2 might alter lateral or transverse movement of lipids to affect raft formation or lipid asymmetry. The mechanisms for specifying localized increase in PIP2 to regulate dynamic actin remodeling will also be discussed.
Using Cosponsorship to Estimate Ideal Points

Ideal point estimates based on roll-call vote results have provided leverage for a variety of theory testing efforts. Recently, scholars have suggested using cosponsorship data as a proxy for roll-call votes. Conceptually similar to roll-call votes, cosponsorship data are appealing for a variety of reasons. However, the data-generating process for cosponsorship is untheorized and little studied. We examine the properties of ideal point estimates from cosponsorship data. We find that the ability to estimate ideal points from cosponsorship data is contingent on the underlying data-generating process; reliance on such measures requires strong and often unrealistic assumptions.
In situ synthesis of lanthanide complexes supported by a ferrocene diamide ligand: extension to redox-active lanthanide ions

Reliable transformation of low-cost rare-earth metal oxides to organometallic rare-earth metal complexes is a prerequisite for the advancement of non-aqueous rare-earth metal chemistry. We have recently developed an in situ method to prepare rare-earth alkyl and halide precursors supported by a diamidoferrocene NNTBS, 1,1′-fc(NSiMe2tBu)2, as an ancillary ligand. Herein, we extended the scope of this method to other lanthanide ions including those that are redox active, such as cerium, praseodymium, samarium, terbium, thulium, and ytterbium. Specifically, samarium trisbenzyl could be generated in situ and then converted to the corresponding samarium benzyl or iodide complexes in good yield. However, it was found that ytterbium trisbenzyl could not be formed cleanly and the consequent conversion to ytterbium iodide complex was low yielding. By adapting an alternative route, the desired ytterbium chloride precursor could be obtained in good yield and purity.
Revenue trade-offs: Implications for state Government finance

Abstract Modifications in state level fiscal structures to address inequitable tax burdens or the issue of public sector growth have been accomplished by substituting one tax for another or by adjusting rates of existing taxes. This paper presents this fiscal adjustment process on the state level in terms of a policy in which complementary or competitive taxes are jointly determined as a tax mix in a process of revenue trade-offs.
Continuum thinking in psychiatry.

(1999). Continuum Thinking in Psychiatry. Harvard Review of Psychiatry: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 233-235.
Assessment of right ventricular contractile state with the conductance catheter technique in the pig

Objective: Since the conductance catheter method has facilitated evaluation of left ventricular contractile state in both laboratory and clinical studies, the aim of this study was to determine whether the technique is similarly useful for the right ventricle. Methods: A series of right ventricular pressure-volume loops was obtained in seven open chest pigs during transient vena caval occlusion using a 12-electrode conductance catheter. End systolic pressure-volume relationships, stroke work-end diastolic volume relationships, and ![Graphic][1] -end diastolic volume relationships were compared at control and during infusion of dobutamine and esmolol. Results: Right ventricular pressure-volume loops generated with the conductance catheter were of a shape consistent with those previously reported by other volume measurement techniques, and responded to changes in inotropic state in a predictable fashion. Dobutamine shifted the three contractile relationships leftward, whereas esmolol shifted them rightward. Comparisons of stroke volume derived with the conductance catheter and with a pulmonary artery flow probe demonstrated the ability of the conductance technique to measure relative volume changes. Conclusions: The conductance catheter provides a continuous measure of right ventricular volume that was used to detect changes in right ventricular contractile state in pigs. This represents a promising and much needed method for the evaluation of right ventricular function. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
The beyonders in a thirty year longitudinal study of creative achievement

(1993). The beyonders in a thirty year longitudinal study of creative achievement. Roeper Review: Vol. 15, Longitudinal Studies in Gifted Education, pp. 131-135.
Falsification, Annual Targets, and Errant Leadership: Media Portrayal of the Atlanta Test-Cheating Scandal.

This analysis of the Atlanta test-cheating scandal differs markedly from the version reported in the press. Using discourse analysis, I examined over 50 articles published in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution (AJC), the hometown newspaper at the center of the investigation. Because newspapers are a primary source of information, the AJC’s discursive framing of test-tampering and systemic wrongdoing was a powerful voice in shaping how the public understood what happened. But failure to situate the scandal in a context of economic deprivation and residential segregation while omitting discussion of the damaging cognitive and academic effects that stem from living in distressed neighborhoods meant the AJC depicted a misleading version of events. Although the school district has recovered, the inequalities which fomented the crisis remain intact. I revisit the Atlanta Compromise of 1973 to conclude that as in the past, a policy of schools alone is an insufficient corrective for educational disadvantage.
SOLUBILITY OF SALICYLIC ACID AS A FUNCTION OF DIELECTRIC CONSTANT.

The solubility of salicylic acid was determined in various pure solvents and binary solvent mixtures having known or measured dielectric constants. When the solubility was plotted versus the dielectric constant, a peak solubility or “dielectric requirement” occurred at a value independent of the nature of the solvent or solvent mixture. Salicylic acid showed two rather close solubility peaks occurring at ϵ = 15 and ϵ = 25 which may be due to different molecular species present in solution. The magnitude of the peak solubility varied for different binary systems, but a family of curves was observed having a common shape and a common peak dielectric requirement.
Relationship of death education to the anxiety, fear, and meaning associated with death

Abstract The present study compared the death anxiety and fear of death levels expressed by 29 students who had completed a death and dying course with a comparison group of 74 students. The results indicated that those enrolled in the than atology class reported significantly higher death anxiety at the end of the semester as measured by the Templer-McMordie Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), the Death Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ), and the fear of death/dying factor of the Death Attitude Profile (DAP) scale. Than atology course participants who reported decreased death anxiety also reported that death provided more meaning than did those for whom death anxiety increased. The results suggest the different effect that a than atology course can have on individuals who purportedly share the same experience.
Hard Thresholding Pursuit: An Algorithm for Compressive Sensing

We introduce a new iterative algorithm to find sparse solutions of underdetermined linear systems. The algorithm, a simple combination of the Iterative Hard Thresholding algorithm and the Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit algorithm, is called Hard Thresholding Pursuit. We study its general convergence and notice in particular that only a finite number of iterations are required. We then show that, under a certain condition on the restricted isometry constant of the matrix of the linear system, the Hard Thresholding Pursuit algorithm indeed finds all $s$-sparse solutions. This condition, which reads $\delta_{3 s} < 1/\sqrt{3}$, is heuristically better than the sufficient conditions currently available for other compressive sensing algorithms. It applies to fast versions of the algorithm, too, including the Iterative Hard Thresholding algorithm. Stability with respect to sparsity defect and robustness with respect to measurement error are also guaranteed under the condition $\delta_{3 s} < 1/\sqrt{3}$. We conclude with some numerical experiments to demonstrate the good empirical performance and the low complexity of the Hard Thresholding Pursuit algorithm.
Dexamethasone effects on liver pyruvate kinase

Abstract Dexamethasone in the medium perfusin isolated rabbit livers caused a fast-acting and reversible effect on liver pyruvate kinase. The effect was to lower th assayable V activity (units/g tissue) without changing the concentration (nmol/g enzyme protein). In effect, glucocorticoid lowered the specific activity (units/nmol of enzyme) by direct action on liver. The effect on liver pyruvate kinase is mediated by a relatively stable alteration; 30 min after perfusate (with steroid) was replaced by perfusate (without steroid), the effect remained strongly evident.
MM1 Monte Carlo Simulation in Health Care Models

In this workshop we will focus on Monte Carlo disease simulations and how they can be used to perform economic evaluations of health care interventions. Monce Carlo disease simulation is a modeling technique that operates on a patient level basis, explicitly estimating the effect of variability among patients in both underlying disease progression patterns and in individual responsiveness to treatments. Typical outputs from these simulations are patient functional status, life years, quality-adjusted life years, and associated costs, all of which can be appropriately discounted. The output information is presented in the form of distributions which can be used to estimate mean or median values and confidence intervals for the outcomes of interest. These results can be used to compute cost-effectiveness ratios and other drug value measures. Monte Carlo disease simulation also allows decision makers to address the question of risk associated with smaller populations that may not tend to the “average” results generated by Markov models or simulations of large populations. In this workshop, we describe how to create a Monte Carlo simulation model and how different types of uncertainly can be incorporated into the model. We will briefly compare and contrast Monte Carlo and Markov simulation techniques. Discussion topics will be illustrated and motivated by an HIV/AIDS model of the effect of combination antiretroviral therapy on viral load and CD4 progression. This workshop should be beneficial to outcomes researchers and health care decision makers who need to incorporate uncertainty about the natural history of a disease and the impact of alternative disease management strategies for individual patients into their drug value analyses.
Hepatoma secretory proteins migrate from rough endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi at characteristic rates

In eukaryotic cells, secretory proteins and glycoproteins migrate from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, their site of synthesis, through Golgi vesicles before being released from the cell. Cellular and viral integral plasma membrane glycoproteins are co-translationally inserted into the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane and follow a similar pathway to the cell surface. Previous studies using endoglycosidase H (Endo H) suggested that in rat hepatoma cells the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G protein, albumin and transferrin migrate from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus at different rates. Here we show directly that in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, five secreted proteins mature from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicles at characteristic rates which differ at least threefold. The results are incompatible with bulk-phase movement of the luminal contents of the endoplasmic reticulum, and suggest that there is a membrane-bound receptor that selectively mediates the transport of secretory proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
Barriers to primary prevention efforts in the schools: Are we the biggest obstacle to the transfer of knowledge?

Abstract Dialogue and debate regarding the definition of prevention has subsided and has been replaced by research and information regarding pathways to dysfunction and effective primary prevention strategies. In spite of the solid research base and the strong desire of practitioners to apply prevention strategies, there continues to be sporadic implementation in schools. Barriers to the implementation of primary prevention programs include traditional professional practice within psychology, lack of communicating pertinent information between professions and policymakers, commitment of resources, and limited understanding of the pathways to successful and widespread implementation. Recommendations to address these barriers are discussed.
Microscale Analysis of Glycosphingolipids by Methanolysis, Peracetylation, and Gas Chromatography

A method for the analysis of pure samples of individual glycosphingolipids by microscale methanolysis, peracetylation, and gas chromatography is described. Solvolysis of glycosphingolipids in dry methanolic HCl and peracetylation were conducted in a single 4.5-cm sealed capillary tube (2 mm i.d.), after which the products were directly injected into a gas chromatograph. Total-component analysis (i.e., analysis of the sugar, fatty acid, and sphingosine moieties) was possible after a 45-min chromatographic run. Time-course studies of the acid-catalyzed methanolysis of Gal beta 1-4GalNAc beta 1-4(NeuAc alpha 2-3)Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer ganglioside at 80, 110, and 150 degrees C showed that methanolysis was complete after 2 h at 110 degrees C. Rates of methanolysis of individual components were compared and the release of the fatty acid moiety from the long-chain base was shown to be the slowest reaction. The methanolysis of all glycosidic bonds were complete in 0.5 h. Peracetylated methanolysis products were very stable over time and provided for good gas chromatographic detection of subnanomolar amounts of hexose, hexosamine, fatty acid, sialic acid, and long-chain sphingoid base components. Recoveries of fucose and N-acetylglucosamine were determined with reference samples of Fuc alpha 1-2Lac and lacto-N-fucosylpentaose II. Applications of the method are presented for the component analysis of a gift mixture of NeuAc alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-1Cer ganglioside and NeuAc alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-Cer ganglioside and analysis of NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer isolated from human plasma.
SU‐FF‐T‐448: Verification of Infra‐Red Camera Localization System for Stereotactic External Beam Treatment

Purpose: In our clinic we utilize a frameless localization system for external beam radiosurgery. The system utilizes a biteblock with fiducials, and an infra‐red camera for setting up and monitoring patient position prior to treatment. The purpose of this work is to investigate and quantify the accuracy of the system. Method and Materials: A phantom with integrated targets and fiducials was utilized to test the positional accuracy of the system. After mounting the phantom to the treatment couch or a BRW floorstand, relative positions reported by the camera system were compared to digital couch position readouts and vernier readings from the floorstand. MV images recorded with an EPID were used to evaluate the absolute accuracy of isocenter positioning. After repeated localization of a spherical target, images were taken at different gantry and couch angles similar to the Winston‐Lutz test. The digital images were analyzed to determine the accuracy of the target placement in a circular field by measuring the distance between the field center and the target center. Results: The relative positional accuracy of the camera based system was determined to be less than 0.4 mm over a 50 mm range of travel in the three orthogonal directions of couch motion and less than 0.1 degrees in couch rotation. Data showing the correlation between camera reported position, floorstand position and digital couch position are presented. The EPID based measurements show absolute accuracy of positioning a target at the isocenter is < 1 mm. Conclusion: A frameless fiducial and infra‐red camera based patient positioning system is used for stereotactic treatments in our department. The positional accuracy of the camera based system was verified and found to be sufficiently accurate for stereotactic treatments.
Coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in two dimensions

Ferromagnetism is usually considered to be incompatible with conventional superconductivity, as it destroys the singlet correlations responsible for the pairing interaction. Superconductivity and ferromagnetism are known to coexist in only a few bulk rare-earth materials. Here we report evidence for their coexistence in a two-dimensional system: the interface between two bulk insulators, LaAlO(3) (LAO) and SrTiO(3) (STO), a system that has been studied intensively recently. Magnetoresistance, Hall, and electric-field dependence measurements suggest that there are two distinct bands of charge carriers that contribute to the interface conductivity. The sensitivity of properties of the interface to an electric field makes this a fascinating system for the study of the interplay between superconductivity and magnetism.
Personalized Oncology in Interventional Radiology

As personalized medicine becomes more applicable to oncologic practice, image-guided biopsies will be integral for enabling predictive and pharmacodynamic molecular pathology. Interventional radiology has a key role in defining patient-specific management. Advances in diagnostic techniques, genomics, and proteomics enable a window into subcellular mechanisms driving hyperproliferation, metastatic capabilities, and tumor angiogenesis. A new era of personalized medicine has evolved whereby clinical decisions are adjusted according to a patient’s molecular profile. Several mutations and key markers already have been introduced into standard oncologic practice. A broader understanding of personalized oncology will help interventionalists play a greater role in therapy selection and discovery.
Education and practice: connecting with research.

This paper discusses a faculty project that explored community research needs to guide and shape the research curriculum and class assignments for a master of occupational therapy education program. Thirteen community partners were identified and interviewed. Eleven of 13 valued or greatly valued research. Those same 11 expressed an interest in collaborating with the Department of Occupational Therapy. The community partners identified 86 potential future topics for research covering many areas of practice; the majority of them focused on pediatrics. The community partners also identified several research supports already in place such as team work, administrative support, and access to clients. They identified barriers to implementing research including lack of time and assistance for the research process. This information will be incorporated in student research projects, course assignments, and faculty research agendas to provide students with an authentic learning experience while meeting community pa...
Multigrid iterative method with adaptive spatial support for computed tomography reconstruction from few-view data

Computed tomography (CT) plays a key role in modern medical system, whether it be for diagnosis or therapy. As an increased risk of cancer development is associated with exposure to radiation, reducing radiation exposure in CT becomes an essential issue. Based on the compressive sensing (CS) theory, iterative based method with total variation (TV) minimization is proven to be a powerful framework for few-view tomographic image reconstruction. Multigrid method is an iterative method for solving both linear and nonlinear systems, especially when the system contains a huge number of components. In medical imaging, image background is often defined by zero intensity, thus attaining spatial support of the image, which is helpful for iterative reconstruction. In the proposed method, the image support is not considered as a priori knowledge. Rather, it evolves during the reconstruction process. Based on the CS framework, we proposed a multigrid method with adaptive spatial support constraint. The simultaneous algebraic reconstruction (SART) with TV minimization is implemented for comparison purpose. The numerical result shows: 1. Multigrid method has better performance while less than 60 views of projection data were used, 2. Spatial support highly improves the CS reconstruction, and 3. When few views of projection data were measured, our method performs better than the SART+TV method with spatial support constraint.
KAON PRODUCTION AND MULTI-BODY COLLISIONS IN DENSE NUCLEAR MATTER

Abstract The spectra and yields of K + and K − production in Au+Au reactions at 11.6 A GeV are compared to the predictions of a hadronic transport model, RQMD. This not only provides a quantitative test for the model but also explores the possibility of multi-body hadronic collisions within dense matter. At nuclear densities three to four times normal matter density the estimated mean-free path is smaller than the size of a typical hadron. Each hadron is likely to suffer multiple collisions within the duration of any one collision. The effects of these multi-body collisions in heavy-ion reactions are discussed, in particular the possibility that multi-body collisions may increase the absorption of particles, e.g. K − .
Endoscopic removal of cysticercal cysts within the fourth ventricle: technique and results.

There is no consensus as to the optimum management of patients who harbor cysticercal cysts within the fourth ventricle. Compared with the alternative treatment options of anthelmintic medication and/or cerebrospinal fluid shunting, the surgical removal of the cyst has the advantage of eliminating the inflammatory nidus and potentially obviating the need for a complication-prone shunt. Here, an endoscopic surgical approach is described and proposed as a superior alternative to the suboccipital craniotomy for removal of a fourth ventricle cyst. A retrospective analysis was conducted to compare five consecutive endoscopic cases with eight previous consecutive cases in which a suboccipital craniotomy was performed to remove fourth ventricle cysticercal cysts. Comparisons are made with regards to success in removing the cyst, length of operation, surgical blood loss, postoperative discomfort, and complications. A detailed description of the endoscopic technique is given. Endoscopic removal of all cysts within the fourth ventricle was successful in each case. The mean length of operative times was shorter and the blood loss was reduced with the endoscopic procedure compared with the suboccipital craniotomy (2.5 ± 0.8 hours and 5.3 ± 2.2 hours [p = 0.02], 19 ± 4ml and 269 ± 203 ml [p = 0.02], respectively). The endoscopic procedure was safe and associated with less postoperative discomfort in most patients. In properly selected patients, the endoscopic removal of cysticercal cysts located within the fourth ventricle is superior to the suboccipital craniotomy and should be considered as the primary treatment for this condition.
Biliverdin Reductase Is Heat Resistant and Coexpressed with Constitutive and Heat Shock Forms of Heme Oxygenase in Brain

Two heme oxygenase (HO) isozymes--HO-1, which is a heat shock protein (HSP32), and HO-2--catalyze the isomer-specific production of biliverdin IX alpha and carbon monoxide. The latter has the potential of functioning as a neurotransmitter, whereas the reduced form of biliverdin, bilirubin, has potent antioxidant activity. Formation of bilirubin is catalyzed by biliverdin reductase (BVR). The reductase is a unique enzyme in being dual pyridine nucleotide and dual pH dependent. Here, we show that the reductase is resistant to thermal stress at both the protein and message level. We further demonstrate that the reductase is coexpressed in cells that display HO-1 and/or HO-2 under normal conditions, as well as in regions and cell types that have the potential to express heat shock-inducible HO-1 protein. Exposure of male rats to 42 degrees C for 20 min did not decrease brain BVR activity, but caused a slight increase in NADPH- and NADH-dependent activities at 1 and 6 h following hyperthermia. High levels of the approximately 1.5-kb BVR mRNA were detected in control brain; it too displayed thermal tolerance. Similarly, the pattern of multiplicity of net charge variants of the enzyme purified from brain of heat-shocked rats did not differ from the control pattern. Immunochemical localization of BVR protein in normal brain correlated well with the presence of HO-1 and/or HO-2 throughout the forebrain, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem regions. There were select neuronal and nonneuronal cells in the substantia nigra and cerebellum that did express the reductase under normal conditions, wherein no HO isozymes could be detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
OF THE LOWER FORELIMB OF THE HORSE

This study uses computed tomography and computer aided design software (I-DEAS(tm)) for the development of a three-dimensional electronic solids model of the lower limb of the horse. Data from two millimeter transverse contiguous slices of the distal forelimb of a yearling horse were acquired from a computed tomographic scanner and then transferred to a computer system via magnetic tape. Outline of the bony tissue for each scan slice was first obtained with a feature extraction algorithm. A solids model for each skeletal segment of the specimen was then reconstructed with I-DEAS(tm) and subsequently displayed with various graphics options. The reconstructed electronic solids model would be useful for the study of 3D joint mechanics and finite element analysis of the bony structures, as well as for diagnostic purposes providing CT images could be obtained antemortem.
The determination of glycopeptides by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation.

Glycopeptides derived from ribonuclease B and ovomucoid have been subjected to collisioninduced dissociation (CID) in the second quadrupole of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Doubly charged parent ions gave predictable fragmentation that yielded partial sequence information of the attached oligosaccharide as Hex and HexNAc units. Common oxonium ions are observed in the product ion mass spectra of the glycopeptides that correspond to HexNAc+ (m/z 204) and HexHexNAc+ (m/z 366). A strategy for locating the glycopeptides in the proteolytic digest mixtures of glycoproteins by ions spray liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is described by utilizing CID in the declustering region of the atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer to produce these characteristic oxonium ions. This LC/CID/MS approach is used to identify glycopeptides in proteolytic digest mixtures of ovomucoid, asialofetuin, and fetuin. LC/CID/MS in the selected ion monitoring mode may be used to identify putative glycopeptides from the proteolytic digest of fetuin,
Do Standard Risk Prediction Instruments Apply to Female Parolees

Abstract The research on female parolees has been rather scant compared to the voluminous research on males. Among other reasons, a primary problem has been the difficulty of drawing a sufficient number of female cases for multivariate analysis. This manuscript reports on an analysis of 546 females in a randomly-selected sample of 4,047 parolees. The primary question is whether a classification system created on the dominantly male population will work equally well for females. Logistic regression analyses indicate that the classification variables and the subsequently-developed classification system are suitable for use with females. Alternative variables, likely to affect female parolees, were tested with the classification model and failed to offer better predictive results for females. While jurisdictions using other classification models may want to be cautious, the commonality of prediction variables among various standard instruments suggests that these findings may be generally applicable.
Education and research opportunities for traditional ecological knowledge

Here we describe the deliberations of a group convened to discuss and build on ideas for integrating traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) into basic ecology education. The international representation within the group facilitated collection of ideas from a diverse group of people on the broad topic of TEK education. Inclusion of TEK in mainstream ecology education (rather than sequestration in separate, specialized courses) would allow it to be more widely recognized and respected for its usefulness in ecological research and management. In addition, storytelling, which has a key role in the transmission of cultural ecological knowledge, is a powerful way to promote TEK education itself. This paper discusses the benefits of TEK in research and education, the work that has already been carried out on the topic, and the ethical awareness that comes with incorporating TEK into education. Aqui describimos las reflexiones de un grupo reunido para discutir y construir ideas para la integracion del conocimient...
Effects of system parameters and circuit breaker characteristics on switching large synchronous motors

Interturn insulation breakdown in stator windings resulted in the failure of thirteen 21000 HP synchronous motors. To confirm if the failures were caused by steep-front voltage surges, field measurements were conducted during switching operation of one of the compressed air magnetic circuit breakers in one of the affected plants. The results indicate that the number of motors running in parallel with the one being switched affects the magnitude of the generated overvoltage. It is concluded that the failures occurred as a result of breaker tripping during aborted motor starts (while running-up to speed). >
Characterization of the termini of linear plasmids from Nectria haematococca and their use in construction of an autonomously replicating transformation vector.

The mitochondria of isolate FS37 from Nectria haematococca mating population I (Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae) contain two linear plasmids, pFSCI and pFSC2, of 9.2 and 8.3 kbp, respectively. Evidence for a protein blocking the 5′ termini of these plasmids was obtained from exonuclease digestion experiments. A single protein band with an apparent Mr of 80 K was labeled when the DNA-protein complex of either plasmid was reacted with [125I] Bolton-Hunter reagent and then digested with DNase I. DNA sequence analysis of the termini of both plasmids revealed long inverted repeats of 1,211 by (pFSC1) and 1,027bp (pFSC2). No sequence similarity was found between the terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of pFSC1 and pFSC2, nor was any similarity identified between the TIRs of the these plasmids and sequences of TIRs from other linear DNAs. A restriction fragment containing the TIR of pFSCI conferred autonomous replication when incorporated into an integrative transformation vector of Ustilago maydis.
541 DOES TYPE OF SUGAR INGESTED AFFECT OUTCOME IN IN-C41 FANTS WITH MILD ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS?

541 DOES TYPE OF SUGAR INGESTED AFFECT OUTCOME IN IN-C41 FANTS WITH MILD ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS?