cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometry detection of isolevuglandin adduction to specific protein residues

The aging process seems to be associated with oxidative stress and hence increased production of lipid peroxidation products, including isolevuglandins (isoLGs). The latter are highly reactive γ-ketoaldehydes which can form covalent adducts with primary amino groups of enzymes and proteins and alter the properties of these biomolecules. Yet little is currently known about amino acid-containing compounds affected by isoLG modification in different age-related pathological processes. To facilitate the detection of these biomolecules, we developed a strategy in which the purified enzyme (or protein) of interest is first treated with authentic isoLG in vitro to evaluate whether it contains reactive lysine residues prone to modification with isoLGs. The data obtained serve as a basis for making the "GO/NO GO" decision as to whether to pursue a further search of this isoLG modification in a biological sample. In this chapter, we describe the conditions for the in vitro isoLG modification assay and how to use mass spectrometry to identify the isoLG-modified peptides and amino acid residues. Our studies were carried out on cytochrome P450 27A1, an important metabolic enzyme, and utilized iso[4]levuglandin E2 as a prototypical isoLG. The isoLG-treated cytochrome P450 was subjected to proteolysis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for peptide separation and analysis by Mascot, a proteomics search engine, for the presence of modified peptides. The developed protocol could be applied to characterization of other enzymes/proteins and other types of unconventional posttranslational protein modification.
Treatment of endometriosis with a delayed release preparation of the agonist D-Trp6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: long-term follow-up in a series of 50 patients

Fifty patients with proven endometriosis were treated for 6 to 9 months with a delayed release preparation of microcapsules of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist D-Trp6-LH-RH, injected intramuscularly at monthly intervals. After a transitory ovarian stimulation at the onset of treatment, serum estradiol was suppressed to menopausal levels (50 pg/mL). This state of hypogonadism was reversible after the discontinuation of treatment, and menses resumed within 4 months after the last injection. Pelvic pain was relieved during treatment in 87.5% of patients. After a follow-up period of up to 37 months, 24 patients are in clinical remission and 9 experienced recurrence of endometriosis 7 to 14 months after completing treatment. One patient failed to respond to therapy with the agonist and 7 patients were lost to follow-up. Among 16 previously infertile patients with no other factors contributing to infertility, 7 became pregnant; 2 of these pregnancies were the result of gamete intrafallopian transfers. An eighth patient without documented infertility also conceived spontaneously. Side effects due to hypoestrogenism were reported by nearly all patients. In conclusion, D-Trp6-LH-RH microcapsules are effective and easily-administered agents for the treatment of endometriosis.
Hillmaker: an open source occupancy analysis tool.

Managerial decision making problems in the health-care industry often involve considerations of customer occupancy by time of day and day of week. We describe an occupancy analysis tool called Hillmaker which has been used in numerous healthcare operations studies. It is being released as a free and open source software project.
Effect of frontal muscle aponeurosis flap suspension surgery for severe congenital ptosis in children.

Background To investigate the effect of frontal muscle aponeurosis flap suspension surgery for severe congenital ptosis in children. Methods Recent results of 30 cases (45 eyes) of children with severe congenital ptosis were evaluated and follow-up observation was conducted. Results One week after the surgery, the success rate was 97.7% and it was 95.5% after three months. Conclusions The suspension of frontal muscle aponeurosis should be the first choice for children with severe congenital ptosis for its simplicity, safety and fewer complications.
Learning and Reusing Analytic Expertise: Beyond Disciple-CD

INTRODUCTION The Disciple-CD system provided with this book is a very general cognitive assistant for an end-user analyst who has no knowledge engineering experience and no access to or support from a knowledge engineer. However, Disciple-CD was created as a limited customized version of a more powerful system, called Disciple-EBR, a learning agent shell for evidence-based reasoning (Tecuci et al., 2013b; 2016). With Disciple-CD, the end-user can only access those modules of Disciple-EBR that can be used without any assistance from a knowledge engineer. If, however, an organization can (occasionally) provide some knowledge engineering support to its analysts, then it can use Disciple-EBR, which has much more powerful reasoning and learning capabilities. Disciple-EBR has been trained with general knowledge for evidence-based reasoning, which is also used by Disciple-CD. But Disciple-EBR can be further trained by an expert analyst (with limited knowledge engineering support) on how to analyze complex hypotheses in a given intelligence analysis domain. The resulting cognitive assistant can then be used by a typical analyst to analyze hypotheses rapidly from this intelligence analysis domain. During its use, the system continues to learn from its user. A trained Disciple-EBR system will significantly reduce the time required to perform an analysis, which will also have an improved quality. Indeed, developing an argumentation to assess a hypothesis will be much faster because the system will automatically retrieve and apply previously learned argumentation fragments. Moreover, the resulting argumentation will be more complete and more correct because it will incorporate vetted analytic fragments learned from expert analysts. The development of cognitive assistants for evidence-based reasoning with a tool such as Disciple-EBR is presented in detail in Tecuci et al. (2016). In this chapter, we will provide only a general description of this process that could result in significantly more powerful cognitive assistants than Disciple-CD, for a wide variety of evidence-based reasoning domains besides intelligence analysis, such as forensics, cybersecurity, medicine, law, and any branch of science (physics, chemistry, etc.).
Active Learning Outside the Classroom: Implementation and Outcomes of Peer-Led Team-Learning Workshops in Introductory Biology

Since the implementation of a voluntary peer-led team-learning program in introductory biology courses at a selective liberal arts college, the persistence of students from underrepresented minorit...
Developing Treatments for Chronic Kidney Disease in the 21st Century

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a lethal and rapidly increasing burden on society. Despite this, there are relatively few therapies in development for the treatment of CKD. Several recent costly phase 3 trials have failed to provide improved renal outcomes, diminishing interest in pharmaceutical investment. Furthermore, poor patient, physician, and payer awareness of CKD as a diagnosis has contributed to slow trial enrollment and successful implementation of these trials. Nevertheless, several therapeutics remain in development for the treatment of CKD, including mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists, sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, anti-inflammatory drugs, and drugs that mitigate oxidative injury. Success of future CKD therapeutic trials will depend not only on improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, but also on improved trial enrollment rates, through increasing awareness of this disease by the public, policy makers, and the greater medical community.
Lower Performance Evaluation Practice Ratings for Teachers of Disadvantaged Students: Bias or Reflection of Reality?

Value-added estimates of teachers’ contributions to student achievement have been criticized for bias relating to the sorting of students to classrooms. More recently, research has raised the possi...
Healthy components of coffee processing by-products

Harvesting and processing of coffee beans generates large amounts of biomass that is typically discharged to the environment causing ecological problems to the respective coffee-producing countries. On the other hand, coffee processing by-products have high amounts of antioxidant compounds, such as caffeine, chlorogenic acids, trigonelline, and diterpenes that could be recovered and used as natural food preservatives, additives in cosmetics, and as nutritional supplements. In addition, these compounds have not been subjected to the roasting process that the coffee beans undergo, thereby their levels and quality remains relatively unchanged. This chapter explores the antioxidant components of coffee and coffee by-products, gives some background on antioxidants (what they are and how to study them) and how these relate to health.
Inherent Feedback Limitations for Distributed Systems

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to show that the Bode integral constraint holds for two classes of linear time invariant single input, single output (SISO) systems. The paper examines the structural properties of SISO transfer functions of parabolic and hyperbolic systems, and relates these properties via the sensitivity integral constraint to feedback system design constraints.
CrimeProfiler: crime information extraction and visualization from news media

News articles from different sources regularly report crime incidents that contain details of crime, information about accused entities, details of the investigation process and finally details of judgement. In this paper, we have proposed natural language processing techniques for extraction and curation of crime-related information from digitally published News articles. We have leveraged computational linguistics based methods to analyse crime related News documents to extract different crime related entities and events. This includes name of the criminal, name of the victim, nature of crime, geographic location, date and time, and action taken against the criminal. We have also proposed a semi-supervised learning technique to learn different categories of crime events from the News documents. This helps in continuous evolution of the crime dictionaries. Thus the proposed methods are not restricted to detecting known crimes only but contribute actively towards maintaining an updated crime dictionary. We have done experiments with a collection of 3000 crime-reporting News articles. The end-product of our experiments is a crime-register that contains details of crime committed across geographies and time. This register can be further utilized for analytical and reporting purposes.
DNA damaging effects of nanoparticles in breast cancer cells

3477 Environmental nanoparticles (or colloids) include inorganic particles and biopolymers in the size range of 1-100 nm. Environmental colloids are small enough to allow them to behave in a similar manner to soluble compounds, but large enough to participate in additional processes such as the transport of inorganic and organic, vital or detrimental compounds in aquatic systems due to their numerous binding sites. Engineered nanoparticles are increasingly being used for commercial purposes such as fillers, catalysts, semiconductors, cosmetics, microelectronics and drug carriers. Some studies suggest that nanoparticles are not inherently benign and that they affect biological behaviors at the cellular, subcellular, and protein levels. Moreover, some nanoparticles readily travel throughout the body, deposit in target organs, penetrate cell membranes, lodge into mitochondria, and may trigger injurious responses. In the present research we examined the ability of two types of nanoparticle suspensions to cause DNA damage in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Stable aqueous suspensions of colloidal silica and C60 fullerenes free of toxic organic solvents were prepared as follows. Fullerene water suspension was prepared by dissolving pure C60 powder in benzene. Then DI water was added to this solution and the two phase mixture was sonicated at high power for several hours until all benzene was evaporated. The LUDOX CL colloidal silica suspension in water (Sigma Aldrich), was adjusted to a pH of 7 with 0.1mol/L NaOH and diluted as needed. The genotoxicity of these suspensions was evaluated in breast cancer cells using the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay). The Comet assay demonstrated genotoxicity for both types of suspensions. The mean Olive tail moments (OTM) for the C60 fullerene suspensions (.70 mg/L and 1.36 mg/L) were 6.17 and 8.23, respectively, which in comparison to the negative control OTM of 1.23 are statistically significant (p
Levodopa-Responsive Early-Onset Parkinsonism in Down Syndrome.

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) can develop Alzheimer’s disease as early as 30 to 40 years old, but parkinsonism is rarely described. We report on a 20-year-old woman with Down syndrome and parkinsonism who responded dramatically to carbidopa-levodopa. We propose that the occurrence of parkinsonism in individuals with DS may be underreported. Recognizing and treating this condition may improve quality of life.
High Fat Diet Dysregulates Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Gene Expression Levels which are Differentially Rescued by EPA and DHA Ethyl Esters.

Scope Dietary fat composition can modulate gene expression in peripheral tissues in obesity. Observations of the dysregulation of growth hormone (GH) in obesity indicate that these effects extend to the hypothalamic-pituitary (H-P) axis. The authors thus determine whether specific high fat (HF) diets influence the levels of Gh and other key gene transcripts in the H-P axis. Methods and results C57BL/6 mice are fed a lean control diet or a HF diet in the absence or presence of OA, EPA, or DHA ethyl esters. Comparative studies are conducted with menhaden fish oil. The HF diet lowered pituitary Gh mRNA and protein levels, and cell culture studies reveal that elevated insulin and glucose can reduce Gh transcripts. Supplementation of the HF diet with OA, EPA, DHA, or menhaden fish oil do not improve pituitary Gh levels. The HF diet also impaired the levels of additional genes in the pituitary and hypothalamus, which are selectively rescued with EPA or DHA ethyl esters. The effects of EPA and DHA are more robust relative to fish oil. Conclusion A HF diet can affect H-P axis transcription, which can be mitigated in some genes by EPA and DHA, but not fish oil in most cases.
Canavati Fractional Approximations Using Max-Product Operators

Here we study the approximation of functions by sublinear positive operators with applications to a large variety of Max-Product operators under Canavati fractional differentiability. Our approach is based on our general fractional results about positive sublinear operators. We derive Jackson type inequalities under simple initial conditions. So our way is quantitative by producing inequalities with their right hand sides involving the modulus of continuity of Canavati fractional derivative of the function under approximation. It follows Anastassiou (Canavati fractional approximation by max-product operators. Progress in fractional differentiation and applications, 2017, [3]).
Fast Algorithms for the Fourier Transform

A fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm is an efficient and nonobvious procedure for computing the (discrete) Fourier transform that is considerably more efficient than is the obvious form of the computation. Notice that the terminology carefully distinguishes between the Fourier transform as a function and the fast Fourier transform as a computational procedure.
Everything but the kitchen sink: determining the effect of multiple attacks on privacy preserving technology users

We investigate the degree to which privacy preserving technologies (PPT) are able to protect an organization against a variety of attacks aimed at undermining their privacy. We studied a PPT at a United States based organization and executed multiple attacks associated with network monitoring, phishing, and online social networks (OSNs). To begin, we received written authorization to conduct this study from the General Counsel of the case study organization and completed a formal application with the George Mason University Human Subject Review Board. Next, we surveyed 160 of the PPT users to get an idea of their background and security knowledge when it comes to privacy and anonymization on the Internet. We incorporated a network monitoring solution to monitor the websites and the actions performed by the users while on the PPT. The point of the phishing attack was to determine what additional information the users were willing to give up. We found that 92 of the 160 (58 percent) participants fell victim to our phishing campaign. The last attack phase shows the extent to which information made freely available on an online social network can negatively impact the anonymization offered by the PPT. We were able to determine the (Facebook) profiles of 34 of the 160 participants (21 percent). Upon completion of the attacks, we compiled the information and presented it to the users as security awareness training.
The Environmental Fate of 14C-Pentachlorophenol in Laboratory Model Ecosystems

The fate of 14C-pentachlorophenol (PCP) was evaluated in three model ecosystems: aquatic, terrestrial-aquatic, and terrestrial. The principal degradative products appeared to be tetrachlorohydroquinone, pentachlorophenyl acetate, and conjugates. In the terrestrial-aquatic model ecosystem, the bioaccumulation factors for PCP were: alga 5, daphnia 205, snail 21, mosquito 26, and fish 132. The parent PCP constituted 11.1% of the total 14C in alga, 12.2% in snail, 33.3% in mosquito, 55.5% in daphnia, and 51.2% in fish. Tetrachlorohydroquinone constituted 5.4% of the total extractable 14C in alga and 10.5% in snail. None was detected in other organisms.
Zusammenführung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse

Im vorliegenden Kapitel sollen die Ergebnisse aus den drei vorangegangenen Kapiteln in Bezugnahme auf die theoretische Perspektive zusammengefuhrt und diskutiert werden. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde sowohl theoretisch als auch methodisch eine weitgehend offene Perspektive gewahlt. Anhand von einzelnen Fallen sollte gezeigt werden, wie sich Individuen in der sozialen Welt verorten, welche Bedeutung dabei die Faktoren Religion, Ethnizitat, Geschlecht und Alter einnehmen und wie diese miteinander zusammenhangen. Da hinduistische und muslimische Jugendliche im Zentrum der Arbeit stehen, kommt dem Phanomen der Religion eine besondere Bedeutung zu.
Specialized Resident Force in Internal Medicine Residency Program Helps Modify Risk of Heart Failure Readmissions: A Performance Improvement Project

Introduction Heart Failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalization, mortality and health care costs in the U.S. HF is the most common cause of readmissions in Medicare patients, with >20% readmitted within 30 days of hospital discharge. Several interventions have been tried to lower readmissions involving patient, provider and related disciplines, without significant long-term impact. Hypothesis Development of a specialized team of internal medicine residents trained to educate and counsel HF patients, will enhance disease state knowledge of the disease, improve self-care and reduce hospital readmissions among patients admitted with acute decompensated HF (ADHF). Methods In August 2017, a team of 9 Internal Medicine residents were recruited to create a Specialized Resident Force (SRF). The residents received individual hands-on training sessions in counseling HF patients and met with a mentor weekly initially, later monthly. Patients on 2 selected medicine units with a high volume of HF admissions were counseled by the SRF on diet, activity, medication use, weight monitoring and outpatient follow-up. Demographic data, comorbidities and HF specific data was gathered and compared to patients receiving standard education. Patients were evaluated for cognition and advance directives. In the cognitively impaired, education was offered to the caregiver, if available. A tool was developed to document data; a booklet on HF education and a 2 page easy to use script to help counsel patients at bedside was provided to each resident. Results Enhanced SRF education was provided to 44 patients between September and December 2017. Education provided by the SRF resulted in 55.7% reduction in the 30 day all cause readmission rate (see Table 1 ) Observations by the mentor suggested that knowledge base of SRF trainees improved as a result of participation. Conclusions Specialized internal medicine resident teams providing bedside education to patients with ADHF may favorably influence HF readmissions, while simultaneously enhancing resident knowledge base on HF management; Academic medical centers can easily incorporate resident driven patient education into existing readmission reduction efforts
Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis as a complication of otitis media

Otogenic cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare complication of otitis media and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Classic clinical signs of mastoiditis (pain, swelling, and erythema posterior to the pinna) are not always present at presentation. Treatment of otogenic CSVT consists of conservative surgery, antibiotics, and anticoagulation.
Impact of Spotter Sex on One Repetition Maximum Bench Press Performance.

ABSTRACT Nickerson, BS, Salinas, G, Garza, JM, Cho, S, and Snarr, RL. Impact of spotter sex on one repetition maximum bench press performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2397-2400, 2021-Resistance exercise is popular because of favorable health outcomes associated with increased muscular fitness. For these reasons, 1 repetition maximum (1RM), mean velocity (MV), and peak power (PP) are of interest during the bench press. However, research has yet to evaluate whether spotter sex impacts bench press performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the impact of spotter sex on bench press performance during a 1RM testing protocol. Twenty resistance-trained individuals (10 men and 10 women) visited the laboratory on 2 separate occasions. Estimated 1RM was self-reported by subjects before the 1RM protocol. During their visits, subjects had their 1RM (kg), MV (m·s-1), and PP (W) determined on a bench press 1RM protocol while using a male or female spotter. Deception was used by telling subjects the intent of the study was to determine the reliability of a linear position transducer for measuring MV and PP during the 1RM trials. The main findings revealed that measured 1RM values for male weight lifters were significantly higher than estimated 1RM values when using both a male (p = 0.01) and female spotter (p 0.05). Practitioners should note that sex of a spotter does not seem to impact measured 1RM. However, notable influences may be observed within MV and PP.
Integral affine structures on spheres III: complete intersections

We extend our model for affine structures on toric Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces math.AG/0205321 to the case of complete intersections.
Nature of learning environment in concurrent enrollment mathematics classrooms: a cluster analysis

Concurrent enrollment programs, which allow college credit-bearing classes to be offered in the high school taught by qualified high-school teachers, are a potential solution to the student debt issues impacting the United States and other countries. However, the learning environments of these rapidly-growing programs have never been studied. Because concurrent enrollment classes are taught in high schools with college-level rigour, they present a learning environment that is distinct from both high-school and college classrooms. This study had two broad goals of (1) determining if the What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for the concurrent enrollment environment and, if so, (2) investigating the learning environments of 68 concurrent enrollment teachers’ classrooms using the WIHIC. The WIHIC was found to be valid and reliable, and cluster analysis of the concurrent enrollment classes revealed three distinct types of learning environments which we labeled ‘most conducive’ for learning, ‘conducive’ and ‘least conducive’. A follow-up discriminant function analysis revealed that the WIHIC scales of teacher support, involvement and student cohesion were most influential in determining cluster membership.
Electrocautery ablation of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: Effectiveness and key factors associated with outcomes.

Background Electrocautery ablation (EA) is a common treatment modality for patients with anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), but to the authors' knowledge its effectiveness has been understudied. The objective of the current study was to determine ablation outcomes and to identify clinicopathological factors associated with postablation disease recurrence. Methods A total of 330 people living with HIV with de novo intra-anal HSIL who were treated with EA from 2009 to 2016 were studied retrospectively. Using long-term, surveillance high-resolution anoscopy biopsy data, treatment failures were classified as local recurrence (HSIL noted at the treated site at the time of surveillance) or overall recurrence (HSIL noted at treated or untreated sites). The associations between these outcomes and clinical factors were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Approximately 88% of participants were men who have sex with men. The median age of study participants was 45.5 years (range, 35-51 years) and approximately 49% had multiple index HSILs (range, 2-6 index HSILs). At a median of 12.2 months postablation (range, 6.3-20.9 months postablation), approximately 45% of participants had developed local recurrence whereas 60% had developed overall recurrence. Current cigarette smoking, HIV viremia (HIV-1 RNA ≥100 copies/mL), and multiple index HSILs were found to be predictive of local recurrence. Overall recurrence was more common in current smokers and those with multiple index lesions. In multivariable models that included human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes, baseline and persistent infections with HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 were found to be significantly associated with both local and overall recurrence. Conclusions EA is an effective treatment modality for anal HSIL in people living with HIV, but rates of disease recurrence are substantial. Multiple index HSILs, HIV viremia, current cigarette smoking, and both baseline and persistent infection with HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 appear to negatively impact treatment success. Ongoing surveillance is imperative to capture recurrence early and improve long-term treatment outcomes.
Laparoscopic Total Extraperitoneal (TEP) Inguinal Hernia Repair

This chapter discusses technical aspects of laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair, including instrumentation and equipment, patient positioning, trocar placement, and surgical steps. The authors also offer pearls and pitfalls.
Laser Peripheral Iridotomy Curriculum: Lecture and Simulation Practical.

Introduction Approximately 20 million people worldwide are affected by primary angle closure glaucoma, which is often treated with a laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). In the United States, at least...
The Branching and Innervation Pattern of the Radial Nerve in the Forearm: Clarifying the Literature and Understanding Variations and Their Clinical Implications.

Background: This study attempted to clarify the innervation pattern of the muscles of the distal arm and posterior forearm through cadaveric dissection. Methods: Thirty-five cadavers were dissected to expose the radial nerve in the forearm. Each muscular branch of the nerve was identified and their length and distance along the nerve were recorded. These values were used to determine the typical branching and motor entry orders. Results: The typical branching order was brachialis, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, supinator, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus, extensor digiti minimi, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus and extensor indicis. Notably, the radial nerve often innervated brachialis (60%), and its superficial branch often innervated extensor carpi radialis brevis (25.7%). Conclusions: The radial nerve exhibits significant variability in the posterior forearm. However, there is enough consistency to identify an archetypal pattern and order of innervation. These findings may also need to be considered when planning surgical approaches to the distal arm, elbow and proximal forearm to prevent an undue loss of motor function. The review of the literature yielded multiple studies employing inconsistent metrics and terminology to define order or innervation.
Social emotional learning and the national core arts standards: a cross-disciplinary analysis of policy and practices

Arts education advocates sometimes point to extrinsic benefits of arts learning, including Social Emotional Learning (SEL). This study considers if and how the National Core Arts Standards (NCAS) i...
Predicting Mortality Risk After a Hospital or Emergency Department Visit for Nonfatal Opioid Overdose.

Survivors of opioid overdose have substantially increased mortality risk, although this risk is not evenly distributed across individuals. No study has focused on predicting an individual’s risk of death after a nonfatal opioid overdose. To predict risk of death after a nonfatal opioid overdose. This retrospective cohort study included 9686 Pennsylvania Medicaid beneficiaries with an emergency department or inpatient claim for nonfatal opioid overdose in 2014–2016. The index date was the first overdose claim during this period. Predictor candidates were measured in the 180 days before the index overdose. Primary outcome was 180-day all-cause mortality. Using a gradient boosting machine model, we classified beneficiaries into six subgroups according to their risk of mortality (< 25th percentile of the risk score, 25th to < 50th, 50th to < 75th, 75th to < 90th, 90th to < 98th, ≥ 98th). We then measured receipt of medication for opioid use disorder (OUD), risk mitigation interventions (e.g., prescriptions for naloxone), and prescription opioids filled in the 180 days after the index overdose, by risk subgroup. Of eligible beneficiaries, 347 (3.6%) died within 180 days after the index overdose. The C-statistic of the mortality prediction model was 0.71. In the highest risk subgroup, the observed 180-day mortality rate was 20.3%, while in the lowest risk subgroup, it was 1.5%. Medication for OUD and risk mitigation interventions after overdose were more commonly seen in lower risk groups, while opioid prescriptions were more likely to be used in higher risk groups (both p trends < .001). A risk prediction model performed well for classifying mortality risk after a nonfatal opioid overdose. This prediction score can identify high-risk subgroups to target interventions to improve outcomes among overdose survivors.
When can we stop wearing masks? Agent-based modeling to identify when vaccine coverage makes nonpharmaceutical interventions for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infections redundant in indoor gatherings

As vaccination efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic are ramping up worldwide, there are rising concerns that individuals will begin to eschew nonpharmaceutical interventions for preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and attempt to return to pre-pandemic normalcy before vaccine coverage levels effectively mitigate transmission risk. In the U.S.A., some governing bodies have already weakened or repealed guidelines for nonpharmaceutical intervention use, despite a recent spike in national COVID-19 cases and majority population of unvaccinated individuals. Recent modeling suggests that repealing nonpharmaceutical intervention guidelines too early into vaccine rollouts will lead to localized increases in COVID-19 cases, but the magnitude of nonpharmaceutical intervention effects on individual-level SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in fully- and partially-vaccinated populations is unclear. We use a previously-published agent-based model to simulate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor gatherings of varying durations, population densities, and vaccination coverage levels. By simulating nonpharmaceutical interventions in some gatherings but not others, we were able to quantify the difference in SARS-CoV-2 infection risk when nonpharmaceutical interventions were used, relative to scenarios with no nonpharmaceutical interventions. We found that nonpharmaceutical interventions will often reduce secondary attack rates, especially during brief interactions, and therefore there is no definitive vaccination coverage level that makes nonpharmaceutical interventions completely redundant. However, the reduction effect on absolute SARS-CoV-2 infection risk conferred by nonpharmaceutical interventions is likely proportional to COVID-19 prevalence. Therefore, if COVID-19 prevalence decreases in the future, nonpharmaceutical interventions will likely still confer protective effects but potential benefits may be small enough to remain within "effectively negligible" risk thresholds.
Isotopically Nonstationary 13C Metabolic Flux Analysis in Resting and Activated Human Platelets

Platelet metabolism is linked to platelet hyper- and hypoactivity in numerous human diseases. Developing a detailed understanding of the link between metabolic shifts and platelet activation state is integral to improving human health. Here, we show the first application of isotopically nonstationary 13C metabolic flux analysis to quantitatively measure carbon fluxes in both resting and thrombin activated platelets. Resting platelets primarily metabolize glucose to lactate via glycolysis, while acetate is oxidized to fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Upon activation with thrombin, a potent platelet agonist, platelets increase their uptake of glucose 3-fold. This results in an absolute increase in flux throughout central metabolism, but when compared to resting platelets they redistribute carbon dramatically. Activated platelets decrease relative flux to the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle from glucose and increase relative flux to lactate. These results provide the first report of reaction-level carbon fluxes in platelets and allow us to distinguish metabolic fluxes with much higher resolution than previous studies.
Attachment anxiety and loneliness during the first-year of college: Self-esteem and social support as mediators

Abstract In addition to the growing evidence that anxious attachment positively predicts loneliness, theory and research suggest that individuals' own cognitive filters (e.g., self-esteem), as well as support from their social networks, play a role in decreasing feelings of loneliness. In this study, we explored whether attachment anxiety at the beginning of the first-year in college (T1) predicted loneliness at the end of the year (T2), specifically via self-esteem and social support, using a sample of 96 female first-year college students. A series of hierarchical regression models revealed that attachment anxiety was positively associated with loneliness, and that these associations were mediated by both self-esteem and various dimensions of social support. Findings expand our understanding of the link between attachment and loneliness during the transition to college.
A lagrangean duality based branch and bound for solving linear stochastic programs with decision dependent uncertainty

Abstract We address a class of planning problems where the optimization decisions influence the time of information discovery for a subset of the uncertain parameters. The standard stochastic programming approach cannot be used for these problems. We present a hybrid mixed-integer disjunctive programming formulation and a Lagrangean duality based branch and bound algorithm for these problems and illustrate the advantages of this approach using examples for a manufacturing problem.
Regulation of tumor growth and metastasis of human melanoma by the CREB transcription factor family

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of CREB and its associated proteins in melanoma progression. We used MeWo human melanoma cells transfected with a dominant negative construct of CREB, KCREB. KCREB has a mutation in its DNA-binding domain and can not bind the CRE element. Expression of KCREB yields proper heterodimerization with CREB and its associated proteins, but the proteins associated with KCREB do not confer the same degree of transcriptional activity as they would in the case of wild-type CREB. Here, we demonstrate that expression of KCREB in MeWo melanoma cells leads to a decrease in their tumorigenicity and metastatic potential in nude mice. We identified two mechanisms that explain at least partially this effect of KCREB. The first, is one in which CREB and its associated proteins play an essential role in invasion. We showed that the invasive properties of KCREB-transfected MeWo cells were reduced due to the downregulation of the CRE-dependent expression of the type IV collagenase MMP-2 and the adhesion molecule MCAM/MUC18. In the second mechanism, CREB and its associated proteins act as survival factors for human melanoma cells. Here we demonstrated that expression of KCREB in MeWo cells rendered them susceptible to apoptosis induced by thapsigargin, which in turn increased the intracellular level of Ca2+. Thapsigargin induced CREB and ATF-1 phosphorylation and activated CRE-dependent transcription in MeWo cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CREB and its associated proteins play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis of human melanoma.
Anti-Patterns in JDK Security and Refactorings

This paper underlines the importance of security awareness whilst programming Java applications. Several problems in current JDK implementations are demonstrated that allow to undermine the security of Java applications. Coding errors and quality problems in current Java distributions create possibilities to create covert channels, cause resource blocking and denial-of-service attacks. To make things worse Java components are often deployed according to the AllPermissions antipattern with non-restrictive security settings, which allows bugs on the system layer to be exploited by attackers. Coping with this antipattern from the user side is connected with the definition of adequate permission sets. A tool that automates this time consuming task is presented as a refactoring for the AllPermission antipattern.
Chirped‐Pulse Amplification

Introduction of chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) enabled the latest revolution in production of high peak powers from lasers through amplification of very short (femtosecond) laser pulses to pulse energies previously available only from long-pulse lasers. CPA has rapidly bridged the gap from its initial modest demonstrations to multi-terawatt and petawattscale systems in research facilities and universities, as well as numerous lowerpower scientific and industrial applications.
Species Interaction in the Fibrinogen–Fibrin Conversion

THERE is a considerable body of evidence indicating that a species specificity exists in the interaction of thrombin with fibrinogen. It has been observed that when thrombin of one species reacts with a fibrinogen of another species, the clotting time is longer than it is in the case of thrombin acting on a fibrinogen of its own species1. The rate difference in this interaction could be explained in various ways. One possibility is that the bond split and therefore the peptides released from the same fibrinogen by various thrombins could be different. In order to investigate this, we undertook a study of the peptides released by various thrombins on various fibrinogens. In this communication we report new findings and compare the results of all possible combinations of interaction between human and bovine thrombin with human and bovine fibrinogen.
Controlling Combinatorial Complexity in Software and Malware Behavior Computation

Virtually all software is out of intellectual control in that no one knows its full behavior. Software Behavior Computation (SBC) is a new technology for understanding everything software does. SBC applies the mathematics of denotational semantics implemented by function composition in Functional Trace Tables (FTTs) to compute the behavior of programs, expressed as disjoint cases of conditional concurrent assignments. In some circumstances, combinatorial explosions in the number of cases can occur when calculating the behavior of sequences of multiple branching structures. This paper describes computational methods that avoid combinatorial explosions. The predicates that control branching structures such as ifthenelses can be organized into three categories: 1) Independent, resulting in no behavior case explosion, 2) Coordinated, resulting in two behavior cases, or 3) Goal-oriented, with potential exponential growth in the number of cases. Traditional FTT-based behavior computation can be augmented by two additional computational methods, namely, Single-Value Function Abstractions (SVFAs) and, introduced in this paper, Relational Trace Tables (RTTs). These methods can be applied to the three predicate categories to avoid combinatorial growth in behavior cases while maintaining mathematical correctness.
Hereditary Ovarian Cancer: Molecular Genetics and Clinical Implications

Epidemiologic data support the existence of two discrete manifestations of hereditary ovarian carcinoma: the breast and ovarian cancer syndrome and the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome. Genetic linkage analyses reveal that the majority of breast and ovarian cancer families are linked to the BRCA1 gene, while some cases of hereditary ovarian cancer are also apparent in breast cancer families linked to the BRCA2 gene. The majority of HNPCC families are linked to one of four genes encoding a family of DNA mismatch repair proteins. Molecular analyses demonstrate that genetic screening for germline transmission of a defective allele of one or another of these genes is now possible for high-risk individuals. The ethical, legal, and social implications of this type of analysis are multiple and complex, and genetic counseling requires a thorough understanding of these issues and a cautious approach to most effectively meet the special needs of this patient population. Increased medical surveillance and prophylactic oophorectomy are among the management options that may be appropriate for some genetically predisposed, asymptomatic women. Further research is needed regarding the most effective use of this genetic information in formulating counseling and clinical management strategies.
Boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux in liquid films falling on vertically-mounted heat sources

Abstract Boiling heat transfer measurements were obtained for an inert fluorocarbon (FC-72) liquid film injected over a vertical heated wall. Flow visualization revealed that vigorous boiling prior to burnout ruptured the liquid continuum, causing most of the film to separate from the heated wall leaving a thin liquid subfilm which maintained contact with the wall. The critical heat flux (CHF) was accompanied by dryout of the subfilm after total separation of the liquid near the upstream edge of the heater. A higher CHF was achieved by increasing the film velocity or by utilizing a shorter heater. Experimental data correlated favorably with predictions of a CHF model based on the Helmholtz instability and subfilm dryout.
Photometric Standard for Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers*

No wholly adequate standards have existed until now for checking the accuracy of the photometric scale of modern, high-precision, recording spectrophotometers. A sample of glass has been found which has the characteristics required of such a standard. A densitometer was developed for two commercial spectrophotometers to calibrate these standards. By using this densitometer the absorptivity of the standards was measured with a coefficient of variation approaching 0.1%.
Sirtuins: a conserved key unlocking AceCS activity

Bacterial acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthetase (AceCS), an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that converts acetate to acetyl-CoA, is activated by sirtuin-mediated deacetylation. Two recent studies show that this mechanism of regulation is also crucial for mammalian AceCS activity, indicating that control of metabolism at the step of converting acetate to acetyl-CoA is conserved. These findings highlight a metabolic regulatory network controlled by sirtuins that has implications for the mechanisms of calorie restriction and modulation of mammalian lifespan.
OPTIMIZATION OF ECONOMICAL UTILIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION

The progressive utilization of information necessitates the evaluation of the information‐content of scientific documents over conventional bibliotechnical indexing‐operations. The technique of optimal economical evaluation of information rests in the alternative between the keyword and subject‐index as the symbolic operator. From the analysis of 350 scientific documents the keyword‐concept was, by empirical decision, derived to be the superior operator. Conversely, the concept of subject‐indexing leads to ambiguities of subcategories, since certain branch‐nodes of the categorical trees (code trees) may belong to several simultaneous subject‐categories. This ambiguity can be resolved only by means of coordination‐tables correlating each keyword with the pertinent simultaneous subject‐categories. The application of synonym‐registers affects the concentration of information‐sources with typical completeness for each keyword‐entry in the system. The phrasing of syntactically associated keywords produces a significant precision of the information‐content of the documentary text. The efficiency of a documentary system is predominantly accomplished by information‐filtering in terms of relevant keyword‐phrases. This system‐efficiency is displayed as a function of utility‐rate versus precision‐rate, which is considered superior to Salton's efficiency‐rate of “precision versus recall.” The phrasing of key‐word‐phrases is utilized as the structure for the design of a truly topic‐related abstract to any document. Empirical findings from this study of economical optimization of documentary systems reveal the actual efficiency of the concept of information‐evaluation.
Comparison of processing yield and nutrient composition of cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Abstract Nile tilapia and channel catfish were grown from fingerling to harvest size with the same commercial diet. The catfish were harvested from a 0.04-h earthen pond at an average size of 610 g and the tilapia were taken from 1-m 3 circular raceways at an average size of 585 g. Both groups of fish were fed to satiation for a 180-day summer feeding period. Twenty fish were randomly collected from each group for determination of processing yield and 10 fish were collected from each group for determination of selected nutrient composition. Processing yield (total fish weight minus weight of head, skin and viscera) was lower for tilapia (51.0% as compared to 60.6% for channel catfish). Fillet yield was also lower for tilapia (25.4% as compared to 30.9%). Fat content of fillet was lower for tilapia (5.7 g/100 g as compared to 7.4 g/100 g). Protein content of fillet was higher for tilapia (20.3 g/100 g compared to 17.3 g/100 g). Caloric value of fillet was lower for tilapia (139 kcal/100 g compared to 144 kcal/100 g). Fatty acid composition of fillet lipids was similar for the two species; monounsaturates comprised an average of 54.6 g/100 g of total fatty acids and n −3 highly unsaturated fatty acids comprised an average of 2.2 g/100 g of total fatty acids. Cholesterol contents of fillet were 31.3 mg/100 g for tilapia and 37.1 mg/100 g for catfish. Amino acid content was similar for the two species. Mineral composition of fillet was similar except that tilapia had higher concentrations of sodium and magnesium and catfish had higher concentrations of potassium and phosphorus.