cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resource needs for a socially just and sustainable urban agriculture system: Lessons from New York City

Many urban agriculture programs, and the organizations that run them, require substantial resources to remain viable and provide the multifunctional benefits that practitioners and supporters hope to achieve. As urban agriculture activity expands, practitioners and supporters face significant challenges, including how to match resources to the needs of practitioners and expectations of municipalities, and how to distribute those resources effectively and equitably so that communities, and the city as a whole, capture the benefits of these projects. This is particularly important as cities face increasing pressure to reduce costs and maximize the return on public expenditures. A 2-year study called Five Borough Farm documented the goals and objectives of urban agriculture projects in New York City and the resources for their success. The data showed that resource needs go beyond the material and financial needs discussed in the urban agriculture literature (e.g., land, soil, money). Interviews documented that urban agriculture projects have broader goals than merely producing food, and that attaining these goals (e.g., environmental improvements, community development, social justice) requires the support of government and networks of practitioners, non-profit organizations and philanthropies. Moreover, interviewee comments suggested that significant disparities in access to resources make the urban agriculture system in New York unequal and constrain the efforts of some farms and gardens. This paper, based on the Five Borough Farm research, examines the resource needs of urban agriculture operations in terms of farm and garden viability and equity among practitioners. It describes the goals, expectations and resource needs of New York City urban agriculture from the perspectives of farmers and gardeners, and from the views of city officials, funders and supporting non-profits. It discusses the need for attention to the political and social structures that create disparity and precariousness to ensure a sustainable and just urban agricultural system, in addition to the financial and technical assistance resources that enable farmers and gardeners to produce food. The paper concludes with recommended strategies to align resource needs and urban agriculture goals and expectations in New York and other cities.
Trends in cooperative distributed problem solving

The authors present an overview of cooperative distributed problem solving (CDPS), an emerging research area that combines aspects of AI (artificial intelligence) and distributed processing. CDPS can be used to study how a loosely coupled network of sophisticated problem-solving nodes can solve a complex problem which consists of a set of interdependent subproblems. Subproblems arise because of spatial, temporal, and functional distribution of data, knowledge, and processing capabilities. Application areas include distributed interpretation, distributed planning and control, cooperating expert systems, and computer-supported human cooperation. The authors survey the important approaches and empirical investigations that have been developed. The approaches covered include negotiation, functionally accurate cooperation, organizational structuring, multiagent planning, sophisticated local control, and theoretical frameworks. >
Perceptual Differences between Expert and Novice Music Listeners: A Multidimensional Scaling Analysis:

This two-part study examined perceptual differences between expert and novice music listeners using multidimensional scaling techniques (ALSCAL and INDSCAL). In part one, novice subjects (N = 174), elementary education majors enrolled in a music methods course, rated for similarity all possible pairings of 15 musical excerpts drawn from European art music composed between 1762 and 1896. Proximities generated a three-dimensional scaling solution (r = .73, Kruskal's stress = *20). The three dimensions were interpreted as secondary musical parameters related to musical activity and character and evaluations of pleasingness by the listener. INDSCAL techniques were used in part two to compare the weights for the salient dimensions in a three-dimensional solution for novices (= *70, stress = .22) and experts (r2 = -83, stress = -16). Weighted most salient for experts was Dimension 1 (.72), related to historical period. Weighted most important for l novices were Dimensions 2 (-51) and 3 (-57), related to seconda...
Analysis of IL-2, IL-4 and Their Receptors in Clonally-Related Cell Lines Derived from a Patient with a Progressive Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder

Three clonally related T-cell lymphoma lines (PB-1, 2A, and 2B) were examined for expression of IL-2, IL-4, and their receptors. All three lines were derived from a single patient who had an atypical, progressive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder involving primarily skin (Davis, T.H. et al. 1992, N. Engl. J. Med. 326:1115). The PB-1 cell line was obtained from a relatively early, clinically indolent stage of the cutaneous lymphoma, whereas the 2A and 2B lines were established from a late, aggressive stage of the lymphoma. Reverse-transcriptase PCR performed with primer pairs specific for IL-2 and IL-4 showed that no mRNA coding for these cytokines was present in any of the lines with the exception of IL-4 mRNA in the 2A line. No IL-4 protein, however, was found in any of the cell lines including 2A by immunocytochemical staining with anti-IL-4 mAb. Accordingly, no bioactive IL-4 was present in the supernatants of these lines. In contrast, all three T-cell lymphoma lines contained mRNA for IL-2R alpha, I...
Psychosocial factors associated with depression severity in pregnant adolescents

Adolescent depression during pregnancy is associated with increased morbidity for the teen and her infant. This cross-sectional study explored the relationships among the independent histories of alcohol use, drug use, depression, and abuse (physical or sexual) on depression severity in a diverse group of 116 pregnant adolescents (mean age = 16) who attended an urban prenatal clinic. Ever having had an alcoholic drink was a significant predictor of higher depressive scores on Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised, β = 3.3 (0.8, 5.7); p < 0.05. History of abuse was associated with a significant 4.3-point higher mean depressive score, β = 4.3 (1.8, 6.7), p < 0.001, and remained a statistically significant predictor of more severe depressive symptoms after adjustment for history of alcohol use, history of drug use, and history of depression. This study identified that a history of physical or sexual abuse is a significant factor related to the severity of depressive symptoms in pregnant adolescents, independent of a history of alcohol, drug use, or depression. These findings suggest that an assessment of history of alcohol use, as well as abuse history, may increase the likelihood of identifying adolescents at risk for antenatal depression.
Vector potential 3D-finite element modeling of magnetic fields in permanent magnet devices

A three-dimensional finite element (FE) MVP (magnetic vector potential) formulation for electromagnetic devices containing permanent magnets is presented. The method is based on developing models for the first and second order tetrahedral type elements. An example magnetic circuit of an electrical device containing a samarium-cobalt permanent magnet is used to verify the two models. It appears that results from second order FE grids are closer to the analytical value than those from first order FE grids, with the smoothness of the bending of the B vector arrows strongly reflected in the results of the second order FE grid example. >
Revenue management: A retrospective

The techniques of revenue management have potential application in many industries—as long as customers view the resulting policies as being fair.
Flower and Spikelet Morphology in Sawgrass, Cladium jamaicense Crantz (Cyperaceae)

In recent systematic treatments of the Cyperaceae, spikelets of all but the most primitive tribes have been considered to be indeterminate, whereas historically the number of flowers, floral sex and distribution of sexes in spikelets have been important characters in suprageneric classifications. However, descriptions of these spikelet characteristics for sawgrass, Cladium jamaicense Crantz, vary among authors. Spikelet morphology was analysed using developmental and phenological studies of sawgrass populations in south Florida, USA. Sawgrass spikelets have two flowers that expand successively. Flowers are fundamentally hermaphroditic and protogynous. The first flower to expand (F1) terminates the spikelet axis, whereas the second flower (F2), ensheathed by an addorsed prophyll, develops in the axil of the last bract produced on the axis. In 86 % of the spikelets examined from ramets of three populations, the gynoecium of the F1 flower aborted, so this flower was functionally male and the spikelet was protandrous. However, in 14 % of spikelets from these individuals, the F1 flower was hermaphroditic and could set seed. The F2 flower was typically hermaphroditic and matured stigmas, then anthers. Thus, spikelets in C. jamaicense are determinate and have two flowers that are dichogamous both within flowers and between flowers in a spikelet; spikelet sex expression can vary among plants and populations, especially in the first flower. These data for sawgrass suggest that a re-examination of spikelet development and phenology in other genera is needed to clarify the expression of these characters in the family. a 2002 Annals of Botany Company
Simulation of mold deformation and pattern interaction in nanoimprint lithography

As an emerging manufacturing technique, nanoimprint lithography (NIL) can fabricate micro and nanoscale features of microfluidic devices at very high accuracy and reliability. In high-temperature TNIL process, a polymer melt such as polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) is heated beyond the melting temperature so that it behaves predominantly as a fluid during the imprint process. The process parameters such as pressure, temperature, and material properties play critical roles in the NIL process. In this work, the process of thermal nanoimprint lithography (TNIL) is studied computationally with emphasis on the effect of soft-mold deformation on polymer melt flow and finished result by-way-of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) technology. Process is assumed isothermal at 180 °C. Applications of this modeling technique range from micro- and nano-patterns used in micro-channels for biomedical devices to other applications such as biological/particle sensors or super-hydrophobic surfaces. The simulation result is compared to experimental results, and traits observed in TNIL done with soft mold are supported and explained through numerical results.
Protein Kinase A, Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II, and Calcineurin Regulate the Intracellular Trafficking of Myopodin between the Z-Disc and the Nucleus of Cardiac Myocytes

Spatial and temporal resolution of intracellular signaling can be achieved by compartmentalizing transduction units. Myopodin is a dual-compartment, actin-bundling protein that shuttles between the nucleus and the Z-disc of myocytes in a differentiation- and stress-dependent fashion. Importin alpha binding and nuclear import of myopodin are regulated by serine/threonine phosphorylation-dependent binding of myopodin to 14-3-3. Here we show that in the heart myopodin forms a Z-disc signaling complex with alpha-actinin, calcineurin, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), muscle-specific A-kinase anchoring protein, and myomegalin. Phosphorylation of myopodin by protein kinase A (PKA) or CaMKII mediates 14-3-3 binding and nuclear import in myoblasts. Dephosphorylation of myopodin by calcineurin abrogates 14-3-3beta binding. Activation of PKA or inhibition of calcineurin in adult cardiac myocytes releases myopodin from the Z-disc and induces its nuclear import. The identification of myopodin as a direct target of PKA, CaMKII, and calcineurin defines a novel intracellular signaling pathway whereby changes in Z-disc dynamics may translate into compartmentalized signal transduction in the heart.
WHEN HUMAN NATURE CONFRONTS THE NEED FOR A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS

Absent from many studies about climate-change is the motivational connection to human nature. All but gone from the public and natural sciences discourse is any rationale that the environment is not actually the problem; rather, it is human behavior. The predictable result of focusing conservation and environmental research on effects (e.g., climatechange), is avoidance of their ultimate causes. This article argues that this is a form of mass social-institutional denial. People must consume, but they consume in excess for a variety of social and cultural reasons that are simply an extension of human nature. Technological fixes will do nothing more than postpone “overshoot and collapse” by 3050 years, as recent studies show. Denying the origins and complexity of human motivation to consume, while focusing institutional research and public attention on ecological disturbances that exclude human beings is entirely doomed to failure as the environmental measures of the last 50 years demonstrate. Regrettably, 50 years of research has done little to improve the planet and the long-term security of humanity. Studies suggest that the only approach to developing an environmentally sustainable global society will involve the development of a conservation ethics consistent with our evolutionary motives, which evolutionary psychologists could facilitate.
Fast Gaussian wavepacket transforms and Gaussian beams for the Schrödinger equation

This paper introduces a wavepacket-transform-based Gaussian beam method for solving the Schrodinger equation. We focus on addressing two computational issues of the Gaussian beam method: how to generate a Gaussian beam representation for general initial conditions and how to perform long time propagation for any finite period of time. To address the first question, we introduce fast Gaussian wavepacket transforms and develop on top of them an efficient initialization algorithm for general initial conditions. Based on this new initialization algorithm, we address the second question by reinitializing the beam representation when the beams become too wide. Numerical examples in one, two, and three dimensions demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithms. The methodology can be readily generalized to deal with other semi-classical quantum mechanical problems.
Contributions of evaporation, isotopic non‐steady state transpiration and atmospheric mixing on the δ18O of water vapour in Pacific Northwest coniferous forests

Changes in the 2 H and 18 O of atmospheric water vapour provide information for integrating aspects of gas exchange within forest canopies. In this study, we show that diurnal fluctuations in the oxygen isotope ratio ( δ 18 O) as high as 4‰ were observed for water vapour ( δ δ δ 18 O vp ) above and within an old-growth coniferous forest in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Values of δ 18 O vp decreased in the morning, reached a minimum at midday, and recovered to early-morning values in the late afternoon, creating a nearly symmetrical diurnal pattern for two consecutive summer days. A mass balance budget was derived and assessed for the 18 O of canopy water vapour over a 2-d
Evolution of local interconnect network (LIN) solutions

Automotive networking has developed a great deal over the last two decades, but its beginnings are in simple protocols based on readily available components such as the universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART). Designers have sought to use these basic components to take the benefits of networking into even the simplest sensors and actuators of the vehicle. This goal has been economically unsound due to product volumes being spread out to support many proprietary protocols. The LIN specification could allow this economic barrier to be broken as it gains momentum as a global standard for networked sensor and actuator systems for the automotive industry. The LIN specification is changing and LIN revision 2.0 will provide solutions and new challenges to automakers and suppliers alike. Some of these solutions have the potential to help the LIN consortium and automakers around the globe finally deliver on that promise of having a single global standard.
Fast analysis of scattering from inhomogeneous dielectric bodies of revolution embedded in layered media and application to to lens design

The body-of-revolution, finite-difference time-domain (BOR-FDTD) method is presented for solving electromagnetic scattering from inhomogeneous dielectric BOR objects embedded in multilayered media. To efficiently truncate the infinite spatial domain for computations, a generalized unsplit perfectly matched layer (UPML) absorbing boundary condition technique in cylindrical coordinates is incorporated into the BOR-FDTD solver. The total-field scattered-field (TFSF) method is utilized to introduce the incident plane waves into the BOR-FDTD simulations. In the presence of the layered media, a 1-D auxiliary grid is created to generate a normal plane-wave injector by performing 1-D FDTD calculations along the direction of wave propagation with the help of a 1-D TFSF technique. The numerical results presented here demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Finally, the code is employed to investigate the influence of substrates on the characteristics of flat transformation optics (TO) BOR lenses.
Poleward Deflection of Storm Tracks

An analysis of 11 years of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data focuses primarily on the vertically averaged high-frequency transients. The conclusions are discussed in the context of (a) the winter storm track, (b) monthly variability, and (c) interannual variability. (a) Winter storm track: Results show that the pattern of the forcing by the high-frequency eddies along the storm track is highly correlated with the stationary circulation, and the forcing itself is primarily responsible for the location of the trough‐ridge system associated with the stationary flow. The results also clarify the role of wind component covariance terms u9y9 and (y9 2 2 u9 2) in the column-averaged vorticity forcing. The simpler term u9y9 has the well-known effect of intensifying the anticyclonic (cyclonic) tendencies on the southern (northern) side of the jet, thereby producing an increase in the barotropic component of the zonal jet. The (y9 2 2 u9 2) term displays a quadrupole pattern, which is also approximately in phase with the trough‐ridge system associated with the stationary flow. (b) Monthly variability: Eddy activity has been shown to possess a seasonal life cycle, increasing during the early fall and reaching a maximum around the month of November, then decaying for most of the winter months. Month-to-month variations in eddy activity over the Pacific Ocean show that energy levels increase up through November, decreasing thereafter, at the same time the trough‐ridge circulation pattern is intensifying. By December, baroclinicity in the western Pacific has increased substantially, and low-level eddies are found to break by the middle of the ocean. Upper-level eddies start to break well before reaching the west coast of North America, resulting in a displacement of the maximum in (y9 2 2 u9 2) westward from its November position and increasing the trough‐ridge forcing by the high-frequency eddies. (c) Interannual variability: Wintertime eddy kinetic energy is seen to extend further eastward through the Pacific Ocean during the warm phase but displays an abrupt termination during the cold phase. Anomalies in the eddy transient forcing tend to be quite similar to that of the Pacific‐North American pattern itself. The extension of the storm track during the warm phase resembles that of fall conditions and is present in the winter season because the source of low-level baroclinicity
New Calorimetric AC Loss Measurement Technique Involving Superfluid Heluim

We have developed a new calorimetric AC loss measurement facility involving superfluid helium (He II). At present, the Test of AC Loss (TACL) facility performs AC loss measurements on Cable-in-Conduit Conductors (CICC) under development for the NHMFL 45 Tesla hybrid superconducting outsert magnet. TACL can handle large scale conductors up to one meter in length. Measurements utilize the exceptional high heat conductivity of He II, which provides an isothermal environment and is the dominant enthalpy in the system. The test conductors are placed in an independent cryostat containing He II which is inserted in a superconducting dipole magnet producing a transverse magnetic field up to 7 T. For a change of the magnetic field and associated AC loss, the temperature variation of the He II surrounding the conductor is measured and directly converted to enthalpy variation of the He II. This paper describes the measurement technique and compare its resolution to that of more conventional calorimetric AC loss measurements.
Early maternal warm responsiveness as a predictor of child social skills: Direct and indirect paths of influence over time

Abstract This longitudinal study evaluated the effects of early maternal warm responsiveness on later child social skills, investigating the roles of maternal discipline and child language as possible intervening and reciprocal influences. Mother–child dyads ( n =252) were assessed when the children were at 12, 24, 40, and 54 months of age. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results indicated that early maternal warm responsiveness has a direct effect on later child social skills above and beyond concurrent effects and indirect effects through other variables, emphasizing the far-reaching influence of maternal warm responsiveness early in the child's life. Additionally, maternal disciplinary preferences were found to play a mediating role between early maternal warm responsiveness and later child social skills. Child language did not play a mediating role, though reciprocal relationships between maternal and child variables were found.
Monstrous Mycobacterial Lipids

When it comes to lipid diversity, no bacterial genus approaches Mycobacterium. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Burbaud et al. (2016) provide a multi-genic working model for the biosynthesis of trehalose polyphleate (TPP), one of the largest known lipids in mycobacteria. They demonstrate that this lipid is made by diverse mycobacterial species, including those of medical importance.
Insecticidal Response of Currant Borer and Two-Spotted Spider Mite on Currants in Central Washington

Twelve insecticides in combination with Volck Supreme oil® were tested as ovicides for control of the currant borer, Ramosia tipuliormis w(Clerck), on Red Lake and Wilder varieties of currants in 1963. The 3 most effective—parathion, Bay 25141 ( O,O -diethyl O-[P -(methylsulfinyl)-phenyl] phosphorothioate), and trichlorfon—were further evaluated without oil in replicated plots in 1964. Parathion was most effective and gave 44.1-78.8% control. Three applications of mevinphos for control of adult currant borers in 1962 were ineffective. During a 3-year period Wilde sustained about twice as much currant borer population as the variety Red Lake. No parasites of the currant borer were recovered. Two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), resistant to dicofol were reduced in number with carbophenothion. Aramite® (2-( peter -bulylphenoxy)isotropyl-2-chloroephyl sulfite) at 2.24 kg actual per hectare (2.0 lb actual per acre) was the most effective of 4 acaricides tested in 1964. Phytoseiid mites, predators of the two-spotted spider mite, were present at a uniformly low density. Most predaceous mites survived the use of carbophenothion on Red Lake currants in 1961.
How are radicals (re)generated in photochemical ATRP

The polymerization mechanism of photochemically mediated Cu-based atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was investigated using both experimental and kinetic modeling techniques. There are several distinct pathways that can lead to photochemical (re)generation of CuI activator species or formation of radicals. These (re)generation pathways include direct photochemical reduction of the CuII complexes by excess free amine moieties and unimolecular reduction of the CuII complex, similar to activators regenerated by electron-transfer (ARGET) ATRP processes. Another pathway is photochemical radical generation either directly from the alkyl halide, ligand, or via interaction of ligand with either monomer or with alkyl halides. These photochemical radical generation processes are similar to initiators for continuous activator regeneration (ICAR) ATRP processes. A series of model experiments, ATRP reactions, and kinetic simulations were performed to evaluate the contribution of these reactions to the photoch...
"Critical Language Learning" : le rôle de la littéracie et de la métacognition dans l'acquisition du français langue étrangère

Le constat de certains decalages entre la recherche et les applications pedagogiques dans le developpement des competences en francais langue seconde constitue le point de depart de cette etude. En depit de la linguistique interactionnelle, l’approche de l’enseignement de la langue etrangere reste encore largement fondee sur ses traits formels. Dans la pratique, les etudiants en francais langue etrangere continuent de n’avoir acces qu’a une representation partielle du systeme de la langue, fondee sur une grammaire relativement abstraite, sans realite discursive demontree. L’ecriture dans l’enseignement des langues est dans un premier temps un site de pratique des connaissances formelles de la langue etrangere ; dans un deuxieme temps, un site de pratique d’analyse (litteraire , culturelle, cinematographique…) ou les elements privilegies sont les aspects formels et structurels qui n’approchent pas (suffisamment) l’ecriture critique et academique. Il existe une separation pedagogique entre les processus de lecture et d’ecriture, alors qu’intuitivement les deux sont indeniablement lies. La notion de litteracie, dans le sens d’un engagement avec un « texte » et de developpement de competences analytiques, reste essentiellement un domaine d’etudes dans la langue natale. Alors que la linguistique interactionnelle a participe a l’emergence d’une certaine autonomie de l’apprenant de langue etrangere, cette autonomie ne s’etend pas a la pratique ecrite, en particulier en ce qui concerne la recherche academique. A partir de ces constats (qui sont a etayer et a nuancer), cette communication propose d’exploiter la notion de litteracie en francais langue seconde et de developper les pratiques metacognitives afin d’engager activement les apprenants avec la signification des textes (au sens large) et les intentions de leurs auteurs dans leurs contextes socioculturels de production ; de relier les processus de lecture et d’ecriture ; et d’initier les apprenants a la recherche academique.
Pathogenic analysis of the first isolated Streptococcus suis from infected human in Yunnan Province

Objective To understand the characteristic of the first isolated Streptococcus suis strain and study its pathogenicity.Methods Colony morphology,biochemical identification,serum agglutination,PCR detection,16S rRNA sequencing,PFGE detection and MLST typing were performed to identify the isolated strain.Results The Streptococcus suis type 2 was confirmed by all the above tests;16S rRNA sequencing showed the same blast result with other Streptococcus suis 2;PFGE analysis showed that the isolated strain existed low similarity with other three reference strain;MLST typing indicated that the isolated strain belonged to highly pathogenic type ST1.Conclusion The first isolated Streptococcus suis type 2 from infected human is a highly pathogenic strain in Yunnan Province.
MAGNETIC FIELD LOSS AND PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC RESPONSE OF Bi2223/Ag TAPE

The magnetic field loss and properties of magnetic response of Bi2223/Ag tape are investigated by Wattmeter technique in 77K and lower magnetic longitudinal field, the magnetic loss is composed of surface loss, hysteresis and couple loss. The minimum magnetic field is less than 1×10{-4}T. The magnetic field loss of Bi2223/Ag monofilamentary tape is similar to bulk superconductor, and the loss has the exponent relation with magnetic field, namely Q∝Hn; while HH-{c1}, n is about 1.2～1.8, the loss is mainly surface loss; while H-{c1}HH-p, n is equal to 3, the loss is mainly hysteresis; and HH-p, n is about 1.1, the loss is also hysteresis. From the loss curve of monofilamentary tape, we can get the lower critical magnetic field (H-{c1}) of Bi2223 phase and the value is about 6×10{-4}T. The magnetic field loss of Bi2223/Ag multifilamentary tape consists of hysteresis from superconductor filament and couple loss between superconductor filaments, but couple loss is dominating. The loss and magnetic field also accord with exponent relation of Q∝Hn, while HH-p (H-p refers to the penetration magnetic field and H-p is nearly equal to H-{c1} in this sample.), n is nearly 2, the loss is mostly couple loss, the surface loss is negligible; While HH-p, n is about 1.7, the loss is composed of hysteresis and couple loss, the couple loss is dominating. The loss of monofilamentary and multifilamentary tape in magnetic field that is less than 1×10{-4}T are never reported before. The response relation between the penetration voltage in superconductor and external magnetic field is studied. The relation curve between penetration voltage and external is displayed, the reasonable explanation of the curve is given by the change of magnetization strength.
Water and Inorganic Compounds

The most general classification of chemical compounds is that of inorganic and organic substances. Inorganic substances generally do not contain a carbon atom, whereas organic substances contain several. Another distinction is that carbon substances containing only a few elements, and have their names derived from those elements, are inorganic compounds (carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, sodium chloride). Water is definitely an inorganic compound (dihydrogen oxide) and methyl alcohol is definitely an organic compound. As with all empirical classification schemes, the distinction is not particularly clear when the lower molecular weight substances are considered. Formaldehyde, CH2O might be considered to be either an inorganic substance, or the simplest sugar, as it corresponds to the general molecular formula for sugars, or Cn(H2O)n.
Potential BNCT Agents

Boron-containing nucleosides are attractive agents for BNCT1 because they may be (1) taken up selectively into tumors due to the high mitotic rate of tumor cells vs. normal cells, (2) intracellularly converted to the corresponding nucleotides through phosphorylation by appropriate enzymes such as TK1 or dCK, and (3) possibly incorporated into tumor cell DNA thereby enhancing the cytotoxity of the neutron capture reaction.
The Effects of Ocean Heat Uptake on Transient Climate Sensitivity

Transient climate sensitivity tends to increase on multiple timescales in climate models subject to an abrupt CO2 increase. The interdependence of radiative and ocean heat uptake processes governing this increase are reviewed. Heat uptake tends to be spatially localized to the subpolar oceans, and this pattern emerges rapidly from an initially uniform distribution. Global climatic impact of heat uptake is studied through the lens of the efficacy concept and a linear systems perspective in which responses to individual climate forcing agents are additive. Heat uptake can be treated as a slowly varying forcing on the atmosphere and surface, whose efficacy is strongly determined by its geographical pattern. An illustrative linear model driven by simple prescribed uptake patterns demonstrates the emergence of increasing climate sensitivity as a consequence of the slow decay of high-efficacy subpolar heat uptake. Evidence is reviewed for the key role of shortwave cloud feedbacks in setting the high efficacy of ocean heat uptake and thus in increasing climate sensitivity. A causal physical mechanism is proposed, linking subpolar heat uptake to a global-scale increase in lower-tropospheric stability. It is shown that the rate of increase in estimated inversion strength systematically slows as heat uptake decays. Variations in heat uptake should therefore manifest themselves as differences in low cloud feedbacks.
Reducing risk for anxiety and depression in adolescents: Effects of a single-session intervention teaching that personality can change

Abstract Efforts to reduce youth mental health problems have advanced greatly but have not lowered overall rates of youth mental illness. Thus, a need exists for disseminable, mechanism-targeted approaches to reducing risk of youth psychopathology. Accordingly, we conducted a randomized-controlled trial testing whether a single-session intervention teaching growth personality mindsets (the belief that personality is malleable) reduced known risk factors for anxiety and depression in adolescents experiencing or at risk for internalizing problems (N = 96, ages 12–15). Compared to a supportive-therapy control, a 30-min computer-guided mindset intervention strengthened adolescents' perceived control; this improvement was associated with increases in growth mindsets. Further, electrodermal activity recovery slopes showed that youths receiving the mindset intervention recovered from a lab-based social stressor over three times as fast as control group youths. Improvements in growth mindsets and perceived control were linked with faster stress recovery. Results suggest a disseminable strategy for reducing internalizing problem risk among adolescents.
Overexpression of Semaphorin-3E enhances pancreatic cancer cell growth and associates with poor patient survival.

// Lin-Kin Yong 1, 2 , Syeling Lai 3 , Zhengdong Liang 1 , Ethan Poteet 1 , Fengju Chen 4,5 , George van Buren 4,6 , William Fisher 4,6 , Qianxing Mo 4,5 , Changyi Chen 1,4 , Qizhi Yao 1, 4,7 1 Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 2 Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 3 Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 4 Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 5 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 6 Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 7 Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA Correspondence to: Qizhi Yao, email: qizhiyao@bcm.edu Keywords: semaphorin 3E, pancreatic cancer Received: July 05, 2016 Accepted: October 17, 2016 Published: November 29, 2016 ABSTRACT Semaphorin-3E (Sema3E) is a member of an axon guidance gene family, and has recently been reported to contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. However, its role in pancreatic cancer is yet unknown and uncharacterized. In this study, we showed that Sema3E is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer, and that high Sema3E levels are associated with tumor progression and poor survival. Interestingly, we also observed Sema3E expression in the nucleus, even though Sema3E is reported to be a secreted protein. Overexpression of Sema3E in pancreatic cancer cells promoted cell proliferation and migration in vitro , and increased tumor incidence and growth in vivo . Conversely, knockout of Sema3E suppressed cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro, and reduced tumor incidence and size in vivo . Moreover, Sema3E induced cell proliferation via acting through the MAPK/ERK pathway. Collectively, these results reveal an undiscovered role of Sema3E in promoting pancreatic cancer pathogenesis, suggesting that Sema3E may be a suitable prognostic marker and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPANIES AND THEIR CUSTOMERS

This paper writes on the significance of Total Quality Management (TQM) in the Brewing Industries in order to ascertain the level of customer satisfaction with their products. Tables were used and the following formular were also used in the work, which are; the Yaro Yamane was used to determine the sample size, the z-test statistical tool was also used in testing the hypotheses, with the population size of 200. The research gave way for different hypotheses which were tested accordingly. The sources of data used for this research were both primary and secondary from the research conducted, it was found out that TQM does not enhance change in management, the paper recommended amongst others that the provision of TQM leadership to achieve everything in quality, 3 things are necessary: they include, people, process, and product.
Rapid Deployment of Mobile Robots under Temporal, Performance, Perception, and Resource Constraints

We consider the problem where a team of mobile robots is tasked with collecting information about a set of stationary targets. There is a temporal deadline to complete the task, and the objective is to determine a control policy maximizing the probability of successfully completing the task within the assigned deadline. In addition, robots use imprecise sensors, and are subject to noisy dynamics. Furthermore, there are more targets than robots, so load sharing between robots is necessary. We model this problem using the theory of constrained Markov decision processes and split the solution into two steps. First, policies to observe small subsets of targets are computed, and the proposed model and algorithm allow one to extract accurate information characterizing the performance of the computed control policies. In the second stage, a subset of the computed policies is assigned to the robots for execution with the objective of maximizing a collective team performance function. To this end, we introduce a submodular objective function and a greedy approximation algorithm to solve this nonlinear assignment problem. Simulations demonstrate how these models can be used in practice to appropriately tune the parameters characterizing this problem and show how the approach favorably scales with the complexity of the problem.
Comparison of the Effects of Prostaglandins F1α, F2α, F1β, and F2β on the Canine Pulmonary Vascular Bed1

The prostaglandins are a group of closely related naturally occurring acidic lipids which possess diverse biological activity (1-3). The effects of the prostaglandins on the peripheral circulation have been studied extensively and in most peripheral vascular beds E series prostaglandins are potent vasodilators whereas F type prostaglandins are weak vasoconstrictor agents (3-8). In the canine pulmonary vascular bed PGE1 is a moderately active vasodilator whereas PGE2 is a weak vasoconstrictor agent (9-11). In contrast PGF2α is one of the most potent pressor substances known in the canine pulmonary vascular bed, and infusion rates which establish concentrations of less than 9 ng/ml in lobar arterial blood increase pulmonary vascular resistance by more than 100% (9, 10). Although the effects of PGF2α on the pulmonary vascular bed have been documented, nothing is known about the direct effects of PGF1α, PGF1β, and PGF2β on the pulmonary circulation. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the ...
Development of a pseudo strain energy-based fatigue failure criterion for asphalt mixtures

This paper presents a new energy-based failure criterion that is based on the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model. This study found that the average reduction in pseudo stiffness up to f...
Scientists’ Conceptions of Good Research Practice

This study examines how working scientists themselves understand, conceptualize, apply, and communicate norms and standards for good research practice. Drawing on semi-structured, detailed narrative interviews with more than 80 scientists, we highlight various topics of concern, including tensions between methodological requirements for good research practice and individual career goals, uncertainty about how exactly certain acknowledged methodological imperatives—such as replication—should be interpreted and turned into practice and the delegation of the responsibilty for ensuring good practice.
OBJECTS OF DESIRE

This paper is interested in commodity fetishism as a signal of collapsing marital mandates in the genre of lad lit. Instead of focusing solely on its late twentieth-century moment of emergence as a...
Syntheses and in vitro evaluation of new S1PR1 compounds and initial evaluation of a lead F-18 radiotracer in rodents.

Abstract Thirteen new sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) ligands were designed and synthesized by replacing azetidine-3-carboxylic acid moiety of compound 4 with new polar groups. The in vitro binding potency of these new analogs toward S1PR1 was determined. Out of 13 new compounds, four compounds 9a, 10c, 12b, and 16b displayed high S1PR1 binding potency with IC50 values of 13.2 ± 3.2, 14.7 ± 1.7, 9.7 ± 1.6, and 6.3 ± 1.3 nM, respectively; further binding studies of these four ligands toward S1PR2-5 suggested they are highly selective for S1PR1 over other S1PRs. The radiosynthesis of the lead radiotracer [18F]12b was achieved with good radiochemical yield (∼14.1%), high radiochemical purity (>98%), and good specific activity (∼54.1 GBq/μmol, decay corrected to the end of synthesis, EOS). Ex vivo autoradiography and initial biodistribution studies in rodents were performed, suggesting that [18F]12b was able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with high brain uptake (0.71% ID/g at 60 min post-injection) and no defluorination was observed. In vitro autoradiography study in brain slices of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation mice indicated that SEW2871, a specific S1PR1 ligand was able to reduce the uptake of [18F]12b, suggesting [18F]12b has S1PR1 specific binding. These initial results suggested that [18F]12b has potential to be an F-18 labeled radiotracer for imaging S1PR1 in the brain of the animal in vivo.
An SMC-based fault tolerant control design for a class of underactuated unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper proposes a fault tolerant control design for a class of under-actuated unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The design is based on separating the system dynamics into two sub-systems, a Fully Actuated (FAS) and an Under-actuated Subsystem (UAS). A Nonsingular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (NFTSMC) is then designed for the FAS subsystem and an Under-actuated Sliding Mode Controller (USSMC) is derived for the UAS subsystem. The controllers' parameters were auto-tuned using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed scheme was implemented to a quadrotor UAV subject to actuator faults and disturbances. Stability analysis of the proposed scheme was carried over using the Lyapunov approach. Simulation results confirmed the tracking performance and robustness of the proposed approach.
Killing the Football Widow: NFL Marketing Beyond “Pink It & Shrink It”

This chapter looks at the US National Football Leagues’ (NFL) recent marketing campaigns directed at women. In effect, the NFL has discovered gender in order to increase capital accumulation. We analyse NFL marketing through a lens of commodity feminism; a postfeminist marketing strategy that re-encodes feminist calls for inclusion and empowerment into individualised consumer choices. NFL marketing to women began as simple “pink it and shrink it” campaigns, but now creates performative spaces of commodity spectacle. We see NFL marketing as attempting to manage women’s uses of their bodies by managing their emotions and producing an “empowered” female subject that does not challenge patriarchy or capital accumulation.
Radical Reactivity Modified by Adsorption onto Surfaces and by Complexation with Metals

Kinetic studies of gas phase radical reactions are complicated by competing heterogeneous reactions taking place either in aerosol liquid phases or on airborne particulate matter. Inherent radical reactivity is altered significantly by associated with metal or metal oxide surfaces, upon either by physisorption or chemisorption. Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds and dyes can be studied as a model for the former process, and the kinetics of such transformations can be monitored by diffuse reflectance flash photolysis. The effect of chemisorption on radical reactivity can be modeled by investigating the complexation of stable radicals with metals. The preparation and characterization of a new family of metal coordination polymers in which a stable biradical is complexed to one of several Cu(I) salts are described.
Impact of Abrostola asclepiadis combined with other stressors on invasive swallow-worts (Vincetoxicum species)

Abstract The moth Abrostola asclepiadis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is being investigated for biological control of pale and black swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum rossicum and V. nigrum, respectively; Apocynaceae), European vines introduced into North America. Limited information existed on its potential impact on swallow-worts, and the combination of defoliation damage by A. asclepiadis and other stresses to the plants had not been studied. We conducted greenhouse studies of the impact of different frequencies (once or twice) and degrees of defoliation (50 or 100%-seedlings; one or two larvae per stem-mature plants) by larvae on seedlings and mature (flowering) plants of black and pale swallow-wort. Defoliation was combined with varying light levels (shaded or not) or competition with quackgrass (Elymus repens). Significant reductions in aboveground dry mass and seeds generally only occurred when plants were completely defoliated twice. Grass competition and, to a greater extent, shading reduced growth and reproduction of swallow-wort plants. However, no interactions between defoliation and the other stressors occurred, suggesting they would have an additive effect. Because A. asclepiadis is likely to be univoltine if released in North America, its impact appears to be limited even if severe defoliation is achieved. Therefore, A. asclepiadis should be given a lower priority for release.
Application of a Convolutional Neural Network using transfer learning for tuberculosis detection

Application of neural networks for image classification has significantly increased prediction accuracy rates. One area where neural networks could perform well includes classification of medical image datasets. Several convolutional neural networks (CNNs) such as VGG work by building a pretrained model that is easy to set up with minimal preprocessing. It uses libraries with weights containing millions of images to train the model prior to application on the actual data. This process is also called transfer learning. In this study we evaluate how CNNs could be a suitable alternative to decision tree based system for medical image classification. We apply CNNs on chest X-ray (CXR) dataset to identify if the patient has Tuberculosis (TB). Our goal is to develop a generalized model which takes care of all the complex preprocessing steps done by a conventional decision tree approach. Since CNNs have many hidden layers with filters, the model is able to achieve high accuracy of 80% without applying augmentation and 81.25 % with application of augmentation. Accuracies obtained are comparable to previous work done on the dataset. However, applying CNN bypasses the requirement of building sophisticated segmentation algorithms which could be time consuming, require professional expertise and are mostly specialized making them inadmissible for application to other similar problems.