cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A wavelet-based method for classification of binary digitally modulated signals

In this study, a wavelet transform-based technique is used in an Automatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) process to classify different types of digitally modulated binary signals. The communications signals considered are Binary Amplitude Shift Keyed (BASK), Binary Frequency Shift Keyed (BFSK), and Binary Phase Shift Keyed (BPSK) signals, which are transmitted over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel having a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in the range from −5 dB to 10 dB. The distinguishing features of these three modulation schemes arise due to variations of amplitude, frequency and phase of a carrier signal. The different types of binary communications signals are analyzed using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). The unique features of each modulation type are extracted from the specific wavelet-domain representation of the respective signals. The features are stored as templates within the receiver and used for the purpose of classifying the signal according to modulation type. The wavelet used for template construction and the decomposition of received signals is the Reverse Biorthogonal Spline 1.3 (rbio1.3) wavelet. It has been determined via extensive computer simulations that the rate of correct classification for BASK signals is 100% and for BPSK signals is 99.7% over the range of SNR values considered. The rates of correct classification for BFSK signals are 99.6%, 98.7%, 94.0%, and 54.0% for SNR = 10 dB, 5 dB, 0 dB, and −5 dB, respectively. The AMR process presented in this study generally produces higher rates of correct classification than other AMR techniques available in the literature. This observation is especially significant when considering the cases of BASK and BPSK for systems operating at an SNR value of −5 dB.
On the Continuity in a Parameter for the Solutions of Boundary-Value Problems Total with Respect to the Spaces C (n+r)[a, b]

We study a broad class of linear boundary-value problems for systems of ordinary differential equations, namely, the problems total with respect to the space C (n+r)[a, b], where n ∈ ℕ and r is the order of the equations. For their solutions, we prove the theorem of existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence on the parameter in this space.
Machine learning plus optical flow: a simple and sensitive method to detect cardioactive drugs

Current preclinical screening methods do not adequately detect cardiotoxicity. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs), more physiologically relevant preclinical or patient-specific screening to detect potential cardiotoxic effects of drug candidates may be possible. However, one of the persistent challenges for developing a high-throughput drug screening platform using iPS-CMs is the need to develop a simple and reliable method to measure key electrophysiological and contractile parameters. To address this need, we have developed a platform that combines machine learning paired with brightfield optical flow as a simple and robust tool that can automate the detection of cardiomyocyte drug effects. Using three cardioactive drugs of different mechanisms, including those with primarily electrophysiological effects, we demonstrate the general applicability of this screening method to detect subtle changes in cardiomyocyte contraction. Requiring only brightfield images of cardiomyocyte contractions, we detect changes in cardiomyocyte contraction comparable to – and even superior to – fluorescence readouts. This automated method serves as a widely applicable screening tool to characterize the effects of drugs on cardiomyocyte function.
The passing of the peace: the ascension and the death of God

Is peace possible within a radical Christian perspective? This essay seeks to explore a radicalized notion of peace, an investigation that will also radicalize the doctrine of the ascension of Christ. To do so I begin with Paul Tillich, as a proto-radical theologian, and his understanding of peace, and point to its inadequacies, that is, namely, that Tillich assumes a universalized peace in an epoch yet to come, a peace that is hoped for without an actual faith in this peace. Second, drawing upon the radical theology of Thomas J J Altizer, a radical Christology that places exigency upon the presence of Jesus after the resurrection, as the Pauline âfirst fruitsâ or understanding or âPost-Christâ, will emerge. A radical understanding of the ascension will usher a new understanding of peace for the church in a Pentecost age. This article is published as part of a collection dedicated to radical theologies.
Does Wine Have a Place in Kant's Theory of Taste?

Kant claims in the third Critique that one can make about wine the merely subjective judgment that it is agreeable but never the universally valid judgment that it is beautiful. This follows from his views that judgments of beauty can be made only about the formal (spatiotemporal) features of a representation and that aromas and flavors consist of formless sensory matter. However, I argue that Kant's theory permits judgments of beauty about wine because the experience displays a temporal structure: the aromas and flavors evolve over the course of a tasting from the bouquet through the palate to the finish. An analogy with music, which Kant describes as ‘a play of sensations in time’, illuminates how wine qualifies as an object of pure judgments of taste: the ‘structure’ of a wine can be compared to harmonic structure, and its development throughout the taste can be compared to the unfolding of melody and harmonic progression.
Ancymidol and liquid media improve micropropagation of Hemerocallis hybrid cv. ‘Todd Monroe’ on a thin-film “rocker” bioreactor

SummaryShoots of the Hemerocallis hybrid cv. ‘Todd Monroe’ were micropropagated on semi-solid agar and in a thin-film “rocker” bioreactor for three repeated cycles of sub-culture, in the presence or absence of the gibberellin-antagonist, ancymidol. Ancymidol increased the numbers of plants multiplied, decreased residual sugar levels in the media, and reduced the size of individual plants. Liquid culture increased the availability of sugar and the biomass of plant tissue. There was an indirect linear relationship between residual sugar levels in the media following culture (°Brix) and plant biomass (g fresh weight). It was likely that 5% (w/v) sugar was inadequate for optimal growth in ancymidol-containing liquid media. Smaller plants, using ancymidol, and larger numbers of plants from larger bioreactor (e.g., “rocker”) vessels were more rapidly cut and transferred in the hood. Larger plants from ancymidol-free media, agar or liquid, were well-conditioned for greenhouse culture. However, the smaller plants...
Dissociation of Esterolytic and Clotting Activities of Thrombin by Trypsin-Binding Macroglobulin.

SummaryPreparations of alpha-2 trypsin-binding macroglobulin purified from Conn Plasma Fraction III-O have been found to bind human and bovine thrombin. The enzyme-macroglobulin complex formed is inactive against fibrinogen but readily hydrolyzes synthetic substrates such as N-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester and N-carbobenzoxy-L-tyrosine p-nitrophenyl ester. Inactivation of thrombin clotting activity by binding to the macroglobulin follows an apparent bimolecular reaction. The complex has been isolated by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and partial success has been obtained in dissociating the esterase activity but not the clotting activity from the macroglobulin. These findings may have important implications concerning the “binding” or “active site” of the estero-proteolytic activities of thrombin as well as the role which the enzyme-macro-globulin complex may have in blood clotting.
Conference Paper Sharing Among Academicians: Calculative and Normative Aspects of Rational Choice

Based on rational choice theory, which describes an individual as a rational decision maker, we make one of the first attempts to explore the underlying motivational processes involved in on-line c...
Africa Will Accept Us If We Remain Faithful to Her: Métis Boys, Schooling, and Masculinity in Late Colonial, Dakar Senegal

As the population of metis reached between 3,000-7,000 across Francophone West and West-Central Africa in the 1940s, some African intellectuals forwarded the idea of a centralized African identity based on blackness. Concurrently, French colonial society debated the contradictions of the metis problem,  the conundrum of if mixed-race persons not legally recognized by their French fathers could be legally and culturally recognized as French based on the brownness of their skin. This paper analyzes the building and management of a live-in school for mixed-race boys operated by a mixed-race Senegalese man in the colonial capital city of Dakar from the 1940s-1960s. Rejecting the French missionary model of placing metis children in orphanages, Nicolas Rigonaux sought to cultivate metis boys into literate future professionals who would be versed in mores of French civilization, language, and culture, as well as maintaining links with their black mothers and the varied ethno-language communities from which they came. In emphasizing affective ties with natal African societies and cultural and intellectual ties with the French society, Rigonaux educational experiment was to create African men who were intimate with both sets of cultures. This paper analyzes the meaning of belonging in late colonial Francophone Africa through the intersections of masculinity and race.
AN INVESTIGATUIB ON THE RECOVERY BEHMIORS OF THE LATTICE DISTORTIONS IN AN Ni_3P/Ni NANOPHASE MATERIAL

An Ni3P/Ni nanophase material, syathesised by the complete crystallization ofan amorphous Ni--P alloy, has been annealed isothermally at differellt temperatures. Variationsof the lattice parameters of the two nanophases with the annealing temperature/time were detendned by means of quantitative X--ray diffraction measurement. It was found that the latticedistortion of the nanophases was recovered during the annealing treatment, but the recovery behaviors of the two nanophases were obviously different at different annealing temperatures. TheseVariations in the microstructure of the nanophases were interpreted in terms of thermodynamicconsiderations.
Microscale Solubility Measurements of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization (MALDI) Matrices Using Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Coupled with Partial Least Squares (PLS) Analysis.

In this work an attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption based method is used to measure the solubility of two matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) matrices in a few pure solvents and mixtures of acetonitrile and water using low microliter amounts of solution. Results from a method that averages the values obtained from multiple calibration curves created by manual peak picking are compared to those predicted using a partial least squares (PLS) chemometrics approach. The PLS method provided solubility values that were in good agreement with the manual method with significantly greater ease of analysis. As a test, the solubility of adipic acid in acetone was measured using the two methods of analysis, and the values are in good agreement with solubility values reported in literature. The solubilities of the MALDI matrices α-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (CHCA) and sinapinic acid (SA) were measured in a series of mixtures made from acetonitrile (ACN) and water; surprisingly, the results show a highly nonlinear trend. While both CHCA and SA show solubility values of less than 10 mg/mL in the pure solvents, the solubility value for SA increases to 56.3 mg/mL in a 75:25 v/v ACN:water mixture. This can have a significant effect on the matrix-to-analyte ratios in the MALDI experiment when sample protocols call for preparation of a saturated solution of the matrix in the chosen solvent system.
Photoproduction of η and η' Mesons using CLAS at JLAB

The focus of this analysis is photoproduced n and n' mesons. The data were obtained in Hall B at Jefferson Lab using a photon beam at an endpoint energy of 4.016 GeV in the spring and summer of 2004. The Hall B photon tagging system and the CLAS spectrometer were used to collect the data. From this data, and in the course of analysis of the Nn and Nn' systems, measurements were made of the differential cross sections for n and n' photoproduction. The differential cross section measurements for the n improve the statistics and slightly improve the kinematic range for world data. The results for the n' represents an almost entirely new dataset which will allow for further analysis of the n' meson. The results of this measurement for the n' extend the statistics and kinematic range of world data dramatically.
Entrepreneurship, Competition, and Economic Development:

Entrepreneurial activity leads to the development and exploitation of new ways to do business, which in turn promotes competition either as a firm enters a market where there are other existing firms, or when it creates a new way (substitute) to meet the needs of its customers. This essay discusses indirect outcomes associated with these entrepreneurial activities, specifically in the form of knowledge spillovers, economic renewal, consumer surplus, and social value creation. In sum, entrepreneurship and the competition it engenders can create direct and indirect benefits to the entrepreneurs themselves, prospective employees, consumers, competitors, and localities and governments. Further, this essay notes that while most efforts to encourage entrepreneurial activity focuses on formal policy levers such as financial investment, public support programs, and tax and regulatory policy, it is also important to consider informal institutions and how they inhibit or encourage such activity.
The IL-2 Induced De-Ubiquitinating Enzyme, DUB-2, Is a Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Shuttle Which Requires Catalytic Activity for Nuclear Localization.

DUB-2 is a T-cell specific de-ubiquitinating enzyme whose expression is induced by IL-2. Expression of DUB-2 results in prolonged STAT5 phosphorylation, enhanced IL-2 induced gene expression, and resistance to apoptosis resulting from cytokine withdrawal. The molecular basis of DUB-2s effects, however, is not understood. In order to better understand the role of DUB-2 in the IL-2 response, we performed a systematic analysis of DUB-2 catalytic activity, subcellular localization, and domain organization. Subcellular localization of DUB-2 was examined using a C-terminal DUB-2-Cherry (enhanced red fluorescence) fusion and live-cell imaging. When expressed in HeLa cells, wild-type DUB-2-Cherry is predominantly localized to the cytoplasm, although 8–10% of cells have a strong nuclear accumulation. Strikingly, the nuclear localization is entirely eliminated by a mutation in the catalytic cysteine (c60s). This effect on DUB-2s localization is not due to changes in cell cycle progression, as we observe identical cell cycle profiles (DNA content) in wt or c60s expressing cells. Conversely, enhanced DUB-2 nuclear localization is seen following nocodazole-induced cell cycle synchronization and with mutant DUB-2-Cherry fusions lacking a duplicated 8-residue sequence within the C-terminal domain. We next analyzed the catalytic activity of DUB-2 toward ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like (UbL) molecules using a series of semi-synthetic activity-based probes. These probes consist of full-length Ub or UbL molecules equipped with a C-terminal electrophilic group. These probes act as suicide substrates, forming a covalent bond with the active site cysteine of catalytically active (but not inactive) Ub(L) isopeptidases. Unexpectedly, DUB-2 forms adducts not only with the Ub-based probe, but also the probe derivative of the UbL molecule ISG15, which suggests that it has dual-specificity. The activity towards Ub and ISG15 is abrogated by a mutation in the catalytic cysteine (c60s) of DUB-2, but is not affected by deletions of the poly-lysine or hypervariable domains. Taken together, these results suggest that DUB-2 is a bi-specific (Ub and ISG15) isopeptidase which shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus in a manner dependent on its catalytic activity. This work, and the ultimate elucidation of the molecular target of DUB-2, will further increase our understanding of DUB-2’s role in IL-2-dependent T-cell proliferation and immunologic tolerance.
Channeling Nascent Proteins Towards the Native State: Role of the Ribosome and Molecular Chaperones

Despite much progress over the last six decades, we are still far from understanding the mechanism of protein folding and aggregation in the cell. This lack of information poses tremendous challenges to progress in many areas of life sciences, and it severely impedes key efforts in biomedical research. Learning more about the interplay between protein folding and aggregation in bacterial cells has a direct impact on the development of strategies to treat microbial infection and on the optimization of protein-based drug production in the pharmaceutical industry. In bacteria, the majority of soluble cellular proteins fold or aggregate co-translationally and immediately post-translationally. The ribosome and molecular chaperones play a key role in this process. This presentation will report progress, failures and surprises on our molecular-level understanding of how the ribosome, ribosomal proteins and cotranslationally active molecular chaperones modulate the balance between protein folding and aggregation in the cell. By probing the structure and dynamics of nascent proteins by fluorescence depolarization in the frequency domain, multidimensional NMR, biochemical tools and kinetic simulations, we will attempt to recapitulate some fundamental concepts of general significance, and suggest how these concepts can be specifically exploited to understand and reprogram the bacterial translation machinery to maximize the yield and timely production of correctly folded proteins.
The risk of bleeding with the use of antiplatelet agents for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Introduction: In the presence of injured coronary vascular endothelium, platelets become activated to form hemostatic plugs. While this represents a normal healing response to disrupted vascular en...
Variations in Involvement: Motivating Bystanders to Care for Senior Citizens.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of a senior service advertising campaign designed to increase volunteerism and financial donations among bystanders. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional mail survey was administered to 2,500 adults; 384 usable responses were obtained. Survey responses were analyzed by level of exposure and involvement in senior care. Findings High-involvement individuals viewed the ads more favorably and exhibited stronger senior caretaking intentions. Low-involvement consumers were less likely to see their own potential contributions to senior care services as effective. Research limitations/implications Characterizing involvement in terms of awareness, awareness involvement, perceived severity and perceived susceptibility, provides a starting point for future examinations of the relationship between involvement, perceived efficacy and various forms of promotion. Practical implications From a practitioner’s standpoint, this study identifies specific features of campaign design and audience profiling that might increase the effectiveness of bystander interventions. This study offers not only constructs that can be used for identifying particular audience subsets but also illustrates the practical ways in which perceived susceptibility and perceived response efficacy to a given issue can be addressed through a mass media campaign. Social implications Snowballing healthcare costs coupled with an avalanche of baby boomers entering the elderly phase of the life cycle make the need for bystander involvement in the lives of seniors increasingly important. Originality/value With limited theoretical and practical guidance on how to motivate bystanders to engage in prosocial behaviors, health communicators and marketers are challenged to address a vast range of public health issues that require citizen engagement. The research reviewed and presented here indicates the hope for engaging the public to become active players in making the nation a safer and healthier place.
One-Dimensional Perturbations

Let A be a symmetric transformation of an n-dimensional Hilbert space into itself and P the projection of that space onto the one-dimensional subspace determined by the normalized vector f. Our principal interest in this chapter is to investigate the spectrum of the operator $$B = A + cP$$ where c > 0 is given.
Anesthesia and Neurodevelopment in Children: Perhaps the End of the Beginning.

Anesthesia and Neurodevelopment in Children: Perhaps the End of the Beginning David Warner;Yu Shi;Randall Flick; Anesthesiology
Discovery of Lineage-Specific Genome Change in Rice Through Analysis of Resequencing Data

Genome comparisons provide information on the nature of genetic change, but such comparisons are challenged to differentiate the importance of the actual sequence change processes relative to the role of selection. This problem can be overcome by identifying changes that have not yet had the time to undergo millions of years of natural selection. We describe a strategy to discover accession-specific changes in the rice genome using an abundant resource routinely provided for many genome analyses, resequencing data. The sequence of the fully sequenced rice genome from variety Nipponbare was compared to the pooled (∼114×) resequencing data from 126 japonica rice accessions to discover "Nipponbare-specific" sequences. Analyzing nonrepetitive sequences, 8504 "candidate" Nipponbare-specific changes were detected, of which around two-thirds are true novel sequence changes and the rest are predicted genome sequencing errors. Base substitutions outnumbered indels in this data set by > 28:1, with ∼8:5 bias toward transversions over transitions, and no transposable element insertions or excisions were observed. These results indicate that the strategy employed is effective for finding recent sequence changes, sequencing errors, and rare alleles in any organism that has both a reference genome sequence and a wealth of resequencing data.
Nutrition in the ICU: It’s Whey Cool

During the last decade, the seemingly simple task of feeding critically ill patients has become exceedingly complex with much controversy [1]. While many consider nutrition support “an afterthought” current evidence suggests that in critically ill patients the approach to nutritional support directly impacts patient outcome. Furthermore, critically ill patients’ loose large amounts of lean body mass (muscle), and this has a dramatic effect on the ability of the patient to wean from mechanical ventilation and long term recovery. Emerging data suggests that a more rational approach to nutrition support (bolus feeding high quality protein) may limit the loss of lean body mass. In reality the approach to nutritional support in the ICU is quite simple (this is not rocket science):
Family factors mediate discrimination related stress and externalizing symptoms in rural Latino adolescents.

Abstract Introduction Externalizing disorders are more prevalent in rural than urban settings and account for disproportionately high mental health service costs for rural adolescents. Although cultural stressors such as discrimination have been associated with externalizing problems in ethnic minority youth broadly, this relationship is understudied in Latinos, particularly those in rural settings. Further, though the associations of family processes such as familism and family conflict have been studied in relation to youth externalizing symptoms, whether these processes change in the face of adolescent discrimination stress remains unknown. Methods A moderated multiple mediation model was used to examine the association between perceived discrimination, externalizing symptoms, and the indirect effect of family factors (familism, and family conflict) in a large sample (n = 455) of rural Latino youth. We also evaluated whether indirect and direct effects of discrimination on externalizing symptoms differed in boys versus girls. Results Familism and family conflict each independently mediated the relationship between discrimination related stress and externalizing symptoms. However, discrimination had a direct effect on externalizing symptoms for boys only. In girls, this association held only when family factors were accounted for. Post-hoc analyses reveal that the moderating effect of sex on discrimination is driven by differences in rule-breaking behavior, as opposed to aggressive behavior. Conclusion Findings suggest that discrimination is associated with changes in the family environment which in turn invoke elevated risk for externalizing problems. Further, family-focused interventions that address externalizing problems may be especially effective for adolescent girls.
Which shingles vaccine for older adults

The new vaccine is more effective than the old, but causes more (non-serious) adverse events
Neerizhivu: a comparative review as per siddha and modern classics

In recent years as the Diabetes Mellitus proliferate worldwide and the disease takes an ever increasing proportion of national and international economy of health care Though there is numerous existing cause of this dreadful disease the actual factors which become excited according to the Siddha system of medicine are the three humors which are the basic constituents of living body The term Diabetes Mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion insulin action or both Diabetes Mellitus is a condition which can be compared with Neerizhivu in Siddha The other names described in the texts are the Madhumegam and Inippuneer The signs and symptoms explained is increased urination both in frequency and quantity there will be flies surrounding the urine voided place weight loss dryness of the skin etc The disease comes under the Mega diseases The literature of Neerizhivu described in Siddha School of thoughts still remains the great scope of research in the field of Diabetes Mellitus The ancient traditional knowledge of the disease is analyzed here and review is made to compare the disease Neerizhivu in meganeer correlated with is Diabetes mellitus in modern medicine Neerizhivu has sub types in three classifications Vazhi vatha Azhal pitha Iya kapaha Neerizhivu and Avasthaigal correlated with different stages and complications of Diabetes mellitus in modern classics
Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Acute Exercise on Real-World Ecological Memory

To evaluate the effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on ecological memory, as assessed from a face-name memory task. A two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled intervention was employed. Participants (N = 40; Mage = 20.8 years) were randomized into a seated control task or a bout of acute moderate-intensity treadmill exercise (15-min). Thereafter, participants completed a 3-phase face-name memory task, involving a study phase and two test phases (immediate and delayed recall, with the delay occurring 15 min after the immediate recall). For the immediate memory recall, the mean (SD) scores for the exercise and control conditions, respectively, were 6.60 (2.5) and 6.20 (2.5). For the 15-min delayed assessment, the respective scores were 6.25 (2.6) and 5.75 (1.9). There was a significant main effect for time (F = 4.06, P = 0.05, $$ \eta^{2}_{{p}} $$ = 0.10). However, there were no main effects for group (F = 0.33, P = 0.56, $$ \eta^{2}_{{p}} $$ = 0.01) or time by group interactions (F = 0.12, P = 0.72, $$ \eta^{2}_{{p}} $$ = 0.003). Despite the exercise group having slightly higher immediate and delayed face-name memory scores, we did not observe robust evidence of acute exercise enhancing face-name memory performance.
Specialty services offered by pharmacists in the community

In a recent IJHPR article, Schwartzberg and colleagues report on clinical and other specialty services offered by pharmacists in the community in Israel and in the international arena. The article covers examples of activities recently introduced due to legislative changes which expanded the pharmacist’s scope of practice, along with obstacles that are serving to slow broader expansion and availability of these services. This commentary details the success of clinical pharmacy services being provided by the United States Veterans Health Administration, and offers a framework of elements that support clinical pharmacy practice expansion.
Febrile Seizures and Febrile Status Epilepticus

Febrile seizures (FS) are nosological entities that affect 2–5% of children aged 6 months to 5 years. In most cases, these seizures are isolated or sporadic; they are defined as simple febrile seizures. However, a febrile seizure that lasts more than 15 min, which has focal signs, or that recurs within 24 h is defined as “complex” febrile seizure. Prolonged febrile seizure (PFS) is therefore a particular type of complex febrile seizure. In case the duration exceeds 30 min, the more appropriate definition is febrile status epilepticus (FSE).
Surveillance on respiratory viral pathogens of children influenza-like illness in the summer of 2008-2013, in Wuhan

武汉地区流感病毒流行呈现双峰模式:夏季高峰(7-9月)和冬季高峰(12月至次年4月).本研究通过监测2008-2013年武汉地区夏季儿童流感样病例(ILI)中流感病毒及其他呼吸道病毒的流行状况,了解儿童上呼吸道病毒谱变化.1.对象与方法:(1)研究对象:于2008-2013年夏季在武汉市某医院门诊和急诊患者中选择年龄＜14岁、发病3d内且未服用抗病毒药物、体温≥38℃、伴有咳嗽或咽痛症状的ILI为研究对象,共1 153例. 关键词：呼吸道病毒;流感样病例
The Turing Test and the legal process

This paper proposes a novel thought-experiment, the ‘Turing litigation game’ – or ‘Turing game’ for short. Specifically, we propose replacing the existing arcane and archaic systems of civil and criminal procedure with a simple and probabilistic litigation game resembling the Turing Test from the world of computer science. The paper is divided into six sections. Section 1 provides a brief introduction. Section 2 provides some background by describing the original Turing Test and explaining how the Turing Test resembles the process of adjudication. Section 3 then describes our proposed Turing litigation game and identifies the conditions for implementing this alternative approach to litigation, while Section 4 introduces the possibility of probabilistic verdicts as opposed to the traditional system of binary verdicts. Section 5 reviews and refutes several philosophical objections against our Turing-game concept. Section 6 concludes.
Concurrent Infection of Young Calves With Eimeria bovis and coronavirus

Over a period of 3 summers, 21 colostrum-fed Holstein bull calves, 1-3 days of age, were selected to form 7 replicates, each consisting of 3 calves. The project was conducted during the summer because screen-testing of calves indicated a higher likelihood during warm months of obtaining calves without evidence of coronavirus infection.
Assessment of preoperative and postoperative l-lactatemia and clinical outcomes in goats undergoing tube cystostomy: A retrospective study of 34 cases (2015-2020)

Background Urolithiasis in small ruminants has a poor long-term prognosis, and long-term clinical outcomes are variable and unpredictable. Objectives To assess the accuracy of preoperative and postoperative blood l-lactate concentrations in predicting a negative outcome in goats undergoing tube cystostomy. Animals Thirty-four male goats undergoing tube cystostomy. Methods Retrospective study. Medical records of goats undergoing tube cystostomy from 2015 to 2020 were reviewed. Clinical variables recorded included signalment, procedures before surgery, urolith location and type, duration of hospitalization, and heart rate. PCV, plasma total protein, potassium, preoperative and postoperative blood l-lactate concentrations, preoperative and postoperative creatinine concentrations, and relative changes in blood l-lactate and creatinine concentrations over time were measured using heparinized blood. A negative outcome was defined as death or euthanasia from urolithiasis complications at 6 months after discharge. Negative outcomes as a function of independent clinical variables were evaluated using χ2 or Fisher's exact tests, and multivariate logistic regression. P Results Median (95% confidence interval) preoperative, postoperative, and the relative change over time of blood l-lactate concentrations were 3.3 mmol/L (2.2, 4.8), 1.0 mmol/L (0.7, 1.3), and 0.4 mmol/L (-3.5, 3.2), respectively. Preoperative (P = 1), postoperative (P = .14), and the relative change over time (P = .63) of blood l-lactate concentrations were not significant predictors of a negative outcome. Furthermore, all other clinical variables measured were not significant predictors of a negative outcome (P > .05). Conclusions and clinical importance Veterinarians should advise clients that clinical outcomes after tube cystostomy in goats are likely unpredictable.
Aspirin and Reye’s syndrome

The first such study was a case-control study performed in Arizona in December 1978 [1]. Seven school-aged children with Reye’s syndrome were compared to 16 classmates, matched for sex and suffering from an illness during the same month as the cases. The parents of patients were interviewed, exploring exposures during the time prior to the vomiting in the cases and during the entire illness in the controls. It was found that fever was more common in the cases (p=0.05) and that cases took more medications (p=0.05). In particular, of the seven cases, all took aspirin. Of the 16 controls, only 8 did. This gave an odds ratio which was indefinite (p<0.05). There was a relationship between dose of aspirin and the severity of the disease which was statistically significant. Finally, analysing only those who had suffered from fever, there still remained a relationship between aspirin and development of Reye’s syndrome (p<0.01).
The Icing on the Cake: English as another Addition to Our Linguistic Repertoires

In Asia, how do non-mainstream multilingual youth view English? Why would indigenous youth, already fluent in one or more dominant languages, invest in learning English and seek fluency in English? What are the specific reasons they give for learning English? This article offers answers to these questions, by focusing on a specific indigenous group of young Buriat Mongolians from Buriatia, Russian Federation. They have chosen to migrate to China for high school and higher educational studies. This article reflects findings from a long-term ethnographic research project.
Cyclic polysilanes : XIX. A temperature study of redistribution equilibria between permethylcyclopolysilanes

Abstract Equilibria among the cyclic compounds (Me2Si)n where n = 5, 6 and 7 have been studied between 30–58°C. Thermodynamic values for the redistribution reactions between pairs of compounds are, for n = 5 → 6, ΔH = −18 kcal/mole, ΔS = −20 cal/deg. mole; for n = 7 → 6, ΔH −3, ΔS +33; for n = 7 → 5, ΔH +18, ΔS + 51. The enthalpies indicate that the stabilities of the rings increase in the order (Me2Si)5
Early onset HER2-positive breast cancer is associated with germline TP53 mutations

BACKGROUND: Germline TP53 mutations predispose to early onset breast cancer in women and are associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Published data on the pathological characteristics of breast cancer among women with TP53 mutations is limited. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of women who underwent genetic testing for suspected germline TP53 mutations and who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2000 and 2011. The pathological characteristics of the breast tumors from patients testing positive for a mutation (cases) were compared with those testing negative (controls). RESULTS: Patients who tested positive for germlineTP53 mutations (n = 30) were compared with controls (n = 79). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification and/or overexpression was found in 67% of the tumors from the cases, compared with 25% for the controls (P = .0001). Among patients with a mutation, 70% had estrogen receptor- and/or progesterone receptor-positive tumors, compared with 68% in the control group (P = .87). After adjusting for age at breast cancer diagnosis, having a HER2-positive tumor increased the odds of testing positive for a germline TP53 mutation (odds ratio, 6.9; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-18.2). For each yearly increment in age at breast cancer diagnosis, there was decreased likelihood of having a TP53 mutation of 5% (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval0.91-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests an association between germline TP53 mutations and early onset HER2-positive breast cancer. If confirmed in a larger cohort, these results could guide genetic testing strategies, lead to chemoprevention trials incorporating HER2-targeted therapies, and elucidate some of the molecular pathways involved in breast cancer. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Major Challenges for Fishery Policy Reform

A political economy perspective of fisheries governance is presented in this paper. In most countries, formal and informal linkages exist among four components of the governance system. The legislature passes laws that authorise the implementation of policies and programmes by a fisheries agency. The fisheries agency establishes a fisheries management authority. Stakeholders often have a formal role – from advising to decision-making – in the management plan development process and approved plans are implemented by the fisheries agency. In general, governance failure (that is, undesirable public policy outcomes) has been attributed to special interest effects, rational voter ignorance, bundling of issues, shortsightedness, decoupling of costs and benefits, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. No studies demonstrate whether private interests significantly influence fishery policies and regulations, but evidence from other sectors suggests that this is very likely. One of the features that distinguishes the fishing industry from other regulated activities is that often there are no strong property rights, and regulation seeks to prevent overexploitation of a common pool resource (CPR). Fishers, in effect, impose costs on each other rather than on consumers, in the absence of regulation. A laboratory experiment was designed to simulate lobbying to influence regulation of a CPR. Results show that competition for fishery earnings weakens the incentive to effectively lobby for regulations that maximise group well-being. More experienced participants believe that their contributions to changing a regulation are not worthwhile. Instead, they focus more on competing for earnings from their use of the CPR. Correcting or mitigating government failure in fisheries might be assisted by the introduction of strong property rights, the devolution of rights and responsibilities to user groups, the use of the cost recovery and sustainable financing mechanisms, and for shielding fishery managers from the shortsighted tendencies of elected officials. But these recommendations may have difficulty in being implemented in the face of strong opposition from private interests in the fishery.
Chemodectoma: Report of case arising near jugular bulb and presenting in pharyngeal and parotid regions

Abstract A fifty-three year old man gave a fourteen-year history of gradual development of symptoms which indicated involvement of the seventh through the twelfth cranial nerves. A large mass in the right side of the jaw had been present for four years. Roentgenography disclosed evidence of destruction of the middle cranial fossa. Surgical removal of a large chemodectoma arising near the glomus jugulare and involving the pharyngeal and parotid regions was accomplished successfully, with great improvement in the patient's appearance and symptoms.
Recovery of yeast after exposure to densely ionizing radiation

It has long been recognized that the metabolic stability of living cells depends upon a balance between biochemical breakdown and repair processes. Furthermore, at many levels of organization, homeostatic mechanisms produce responses to environmental stresses that tend to preserve the integrity of the organism. A number of recovery phenomena associated with radiation injury have recently been attributed to the enzymic repair of DNA structural defects. This might be regarded as an example of a "homeostatic" mechanism operating at the macromolecular level.
Environmental Acoustics and Intensity Vector Acoustics with Emphasis on Shallow Water Effects and the Sea Surface

Abstract : The long-term goal is to understand and predict key properties of the signal intensity vector field as it propagates away from an active sound source, with emphasis is on mid-frequency, shallow water propagation. New and enabling technologies such as MEMS and bio-inspired transduction, will allow tomorrow s Navy to exploit acoustic vector field properties (velocity, acceleration, intensity) much more than today s. Furthermore, advancement of current Navy capabilities will be in part realized through a better understanding of the environmental and acquisition geometry dependence (source depth, range, etc.) of the vector field in a shallow water environment.
Shock Calculations and the Numerical Solution of Singular Perturbation Problems

This chapter presents shock calculations and discusses the numerical solution of singular perturbation problems. These methods can also be used for shock calculations. D. Brown has developed a much more sophisticated way to deal with shock calculations. He solves these problems using the Lax–Wendroff method on a fixed relatively coarse grid. Then the computer isolates those intervals where the gradient of the solution is large. A locally moving coordinate system is generated, and local singular perturbation problems are solved. In particular, a local mesh is constructed, which resolves the large gradients. D. Brown has also generalized the above technique to two space dimensions. The crudest way is to use the implicit Euler method in every direction.
An Introduction to Experiments on Superfluid Turbulence

Adescription of the experimental background of superfluid turbulence was assigned to me for this lecture. Superfluid turbulence, or as some call it, quantum turbulence, has been an active field of physics since the 1950’s. The field was pioneered experimentally and theoretically by Joe Vinen and as such is approaching a half century in age. It is safe to say that with few exceptions the results are unknown to those investigators who are interested in classical turbulence, that is the kind of investigation which has been pioneered by Taylor, Landau, Kolmogorov and others.
Separation Jump and Sudden Stall Over an Ellipsoidal Wing at Incidence.

Abstract : To obtain complete and rigorous solutions of the three-dimensional, laminar boundary layer over a finite airplanewing, a flat ellipsoid was chosen as a model to generate concrete results. Initial efforts were directed toward calculating the inviscid flow and the selection of coordinate system, and this was followed by a detailed investigation of the boundary layer restricted to the symmetry-plane. This investigation showed that as the incidence increases, the separation point on the upper surface does not always move continuously forward; instead, it first moves forward and later rearward. Then, at a critical incidence, it jumps forward and moves thereafter close to the leading edge. This 'separation jump' phenomenon was further found to be little affected by varying the span, but critically dependent on the chord: a longer chord prompts a larger jump. Although such separation jump has been reported for a body of revolution, it has not yet been reported for wing surfaces. The significance of this phenomenon is apparent when one considers that the separation jump may well occur on airplane wings in general and probably accounts for what we might call 'sudden stall'. (Author)
B0_d - anti-B0_d Mixing and CPT tests at Belle

We present results on the mixing parameter Delta-m_d and tests of the CPT symmetry in the B0_d anti-B0_d mixing from the time evolution of dilepton events on the Upsilon(4S) resonance. The analysis is based on a 5.9 fb^{-1} data sample collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB accelerator from January to July of 2001. We obtain Delta-m_d = 0.463 +- 0.008 (stat) +- 0.016 (syst) ps^{-1}. No evidence for CPT violation is found. This is the first determination of Delta-m_d from time evolution measurements at Upsilon(4S), and the first time that an experimental limit on |m_{B0_d} - m_{anti-B0_d}| / m_{B0_d} has been obtained.
V.S. Naipaul

This introductory study offers a critical overview of the major works of V. S. Naipaul from 1950 to the present day. Professor Mustafa's main concern is with literary issues, but historical, political and cultural questions are also addressed, with comparative references to other postcolonial works. Paradoxically, a major segment of Naipaul's non-western, pro-decolonisation readership seized on negative elements in his thinking, while Western reaction to his ideas and themes led to set notions about Third-World society. Thus, his work has always been the object of radically divergent views, dependent on the perspective of the reader. In examining this issue, Mustafa introduces general debates about postcolonial literary production and its contemporary interrogation of narrative techniques, language, gender, race, and canon formulation.
Note on Light Quanta and the Electromagnetic Field

1. Introduction: light quantum theory and quantum electrodynamics.2. Extreme light quantum theory; spin of quantum; wave equation for quanta; eigenwerte and solutions of the equation; electrostatic quanta; angular momentum and selection rules; Lorentz covariance; theory of the charge-free field; quanta and electrons.3. Quantum electromagnetics; reformulation to treat progressive and spherical waves; integrals of momentum and angular momentum; new introduction of light quantum equation; distinction between field and corpuscular theories; zero point energy, negative energies, and electromagnetic mass.4. Interaction of quanta and charges; critique of light quantum theory.
Rapid Prototyping for Large-Scale and Complex Assemblies

AbstractThis paper addresses the issue of creating physical prototypes of large-scale and complex assemblies using Rapid Prototyping technology. There are several technical challenges to overcome, both in software and the physical models. The challenges in software mainly stem from the fact that the mainstream CAD systems may not able to directly convert large-scale and complex assemblies to STL models. For the issues in the physical model, some of the components of the scaled assemblies are too small to fabricate using RP or too weak to produce viable prototypes for intended purposes. In addition, the paper presents information regarding support of relative motion between components in the RP model, which is desirable for demonstrating kinematics of the system. The paper proposes a systematic approach that addresses these issues and realizes quality physical prototypes serving intended purposes. Practical examples are employed in this paper, including a Formula SAE race car assembly that is used as the p...
Style of Anger Expression and its Relation to Daily Experience

The authors explored the construct validity of the Anger Expression Scale in a diary study of 49 college women. Participants completed seven diary entries per day for 8 days; at each assessment, they noted the occurrence of problems and anger episodes, indicated whether they had expressed any anger, and rated their current mood. Anger-in was broadly associated with the occurrence of unpleasant events and with the experience of various types of negative mood, suggesting that the anger-in scale may not be a specific measure of anger per se. Moreover, anger-in predicted negative mood and problem occurrence even after controlling for neuroticism. In contrast, anger-out was unrelated to reports of anger expression and all other aspects of daily experience.