cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A passivity-based method for induction motor control

The control of an induction motor is a difficult problem, since the dynamics of the induction motor are nonlinear, the rotor electrical state variables (i.e., rotor fluxes or currents) are usually unavailable for measurement, and the motor parameters can vary significantly from their nominal values. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a control algorithm that forces the induction motor to track time-varying speed, position, and flux trajectories without knowledge of the rotor electrical state variables. To achieve this, a passivity-based method is developed. The key point with this method is the identification of terms, known as workless forces, which appear in the dynamic equations of the induction motor but do not have any effect on the energy balance equation of the induction motor. These terms do not influence the stability properties of the induction motor and, hence, there is no need to cancel them with feedback control. This leads to a simpler control structure and enhances the robustness of the control system. Experimental results show that the passivity-based method provides close tracking of time-varying speed, position, and flux trajectories without knowledge of the rotor electrical state variables.
The Relevance of Micro Places to Citywide Robbery Trends: A Longitudinal Analysis of Robbery Incidents at Street Corners and Block Faces in Boston

Robbery, and the fear it inspires, has a profound effect on the quality of life in certain urban neighborhoods. Recent advances in criminological research suggest that there is significant clustering of crime in micro places, or ‘‘hot spots,’’ that generate a disproportionate amount of criminal events in a city. In this article, the authors use growth curve regression models to uncover distinctive developmental trends in robbery incidents at street segments and intersections in Boston over a 29-year period. The authors find that robberies are highly concentrated at a small number of street segments and intersections rather than spread evenly across the urban landscape over the study time period. Roughly 1 percent and 8 percent of street segments and intersections in Boston are responsible for nearly 50 percent of all commercial robberies and 66 percent of all street robberies, respectively, between 1980 and 2008. Our findings suggest that citywide robbery trends may be best understood by examining micro-l...
An algorithm for point clustering and grid generation

A special-purpose point clustering algorithm is described, and its application to automatic grid generation, a technique used to solve partial differential equations, is considered. Extensions of techniques common in computer vision and pattern recognition literature are used to partition points into a set of enclosing rectangles. Examples from 2-D calculations are shown, but the algorithm generalizes readily to three dimensions. >
Type II collagen distribution during cranial development in Xenopus laevis

Epithelially expressed type II collagen is thought to play a prominent role in the embryonic patterning and differentiation of the vertebrate skull, primarily on the basis of data derived from amniotes. We describe the spatiotemporal distribution of type II collagen in the embryonic head of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, using whole-mount and serial-section immunohistochemical analysis. We studied embryos spanning Nieuwkoop and Faber (1967) stages 21–39, a period including cranial neural crest cell migration and ending immediately before the onset of neurocranial chondrogenesis. Xenopus displays a transient expression of type II collagen beginning at least as early as stage 21; staining is most intense and widespread at stages 33/34 and 35/36 and subsequently diminishes. Collagen-positive areas include the ventrolateral surface of the brain, sensory vesicles, notochord, oropharynx, and integument. This expression pattern is similar, but not identical, to that reported for the mouse and two bird species (Japanese quail, domestic fowl); thus epithelially expressed type II collagen appears to be a phylogenetically widespread feature of vertebrate cranial development. Consistent with the proposed role of type II collagen in mediating neurocranial differentiation, most collagen-positive areas lie adjacent to subsequent sites of chondrogenesis in the neurocranium but not the visceral skeleton. However, much of the collagen is expressed after the migration of cranial neural crest, including presumptive chondrogenic crest, seemingly too late to pattern the neurocranium by entrapment of these migrating cells.
EMPIRICALLY DERIVED INJURY PREVENTION RULES

This study describes a set of empirically derived safety rules that if followed, would have prevented the occurrence of minor injuries. Epidemiologists have criticized behavioral interventions as increasing "safe" behavior but failing to demonstrate a decrease in injury. The present study documents retrospectively the link between safe behavior and injury. It demonstrates that these empirically derived rules are very similar to rules for the prevention of serious injury. The study also shows that these rules are not widely accepted and implemented by parents. Suggestions for future research in this area are advanced.
Guidelines for Death Notification in College Student Populations.

This chapter offers student affairs professionals suggestions for notifying students of deaths in their families and notifying campus community and family members of student deaths.
Types and tokens in visual processing: a double dissociation between the attentional blink and repetition blindness.

The visual system is generally limited in the number of items it can process at any given time. Performance decrements can be observed for reporting multiple targets presented in a sequence. Using a technique where targets are embedded among distractors in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), previous studies have shown that correct identification of a target (T1) interferes with processing of a second target (T2) appearing within half a second. This effect on T2 has been called an attentional blink (AB; Raymond, Shapiro, & Amell, 1992). A similar deficit has been shown for a repeated stimulus appearing in RSVP, an effect called repetition blindness (RB; Kanwisher, 1987). The focus of this article is on examining the relationship between the two deficits. The AB occurs when two different targets are presented
A new method for aggressive management of deep vein thrombosis: retrospective study of the power pulse technique.

Failure to treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Anticoagulation, although effective at preventing clot progression, is not able to prevent postthrombotic syndrome. Catheter-directed thrombolysis is a more aggressive alternative, with some small studies suggesting a better long-term outcome, but the associated risks are significant, and the treatment can require 2–3 days in a monitored setting. This report describes the power pulse technique, in which mechanical thrombectomy is combined with thrombolytic agents to maximize the effectiveness of the treatment and reduce the need for prolonged infusion and its associated risks. A 24-patient retrospective study showed complete thrombus removal (>90%) in 12 patients, substantial thrombus removal (50%– 90%) in seven patients, and partial thrombus removal (
Equipment Fragility Due to Shock Response

Because of its simplicity, the shock response spectrum has become widely used as a means of describing the shock responses and fragilities of structures and equipment. This paper focuses on the drawbacks of using the shock response spectrum for defining equipment shock tolerance. A cantilever beam with a tip mass was used to model a hypothetical piece of equipment subjected to strong ground motion such as that caused by an explosion. The exact solution from a detailed modal analysis shows that multiple modes of response were excited. Contributions from higher modes can be more predominant than that from the fundamental mode. Assuming the total response of equipment is predominantly in the first mode can lead to significant error. Current shock spectrum procedures for equipment fragility assessment are inadequate, not only because of the physical limitations of shake table tests, but also because of the lack of a reliable analytical model.
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria Infection in Patients with Cancer

Methods. Data were derived from 2 distinct sources. Demographic and clinical data were collected for all patients with cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center with a culture positive for RGM from January 1999 through December 2008. We also reviewed the literature for studies describing RGM infection in patients with cancer. Results. During the 10-year period, 28 patients with cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center had cultures positive for RGM. Most cases occurred in patients with solid tumors and were confined to the lung. A review of the literature identified 313 additional patients with cancer and RGM infection. Combining our series data with cases from the literature, we defined 3 distinct syndromes: pulmonary disease, which occurred in 158 patients (47%); bloodstream infection, occurring in 151 patients (45%); and disseminated infection involving at least 1 end organ, affecting 26 persons (8%). The syndromes differed by age of onset, underlying cancer, main RGM species, and outcome. Persons with bloodstream infection typically were young and had an excellent outcome; those with disseminated infection were older, had pronounced immunosuppression, and had a very poor prognosis. Conclusions. RGM infections in patients with cancer comprise 3 distinct disorders with different risk factors, predominant mycobacterial species, and prognoses. In turn, the approach to management, including number and duration of antimycobacterial drugs, may be fundamentally different for various patients with cancer who receive a diagnosis of RGM infection.
If Multicultural Science Education Standards’ Existed, What Would They Look Like?

The intersection between science teacher education and multiculturalism has produced a considerable amount of research in the science education community. This paper suggests, according to current science teacher preparation literature, an initial set of multicultural science education standards for science methods course instructors of preservice teachers: dialogic conversation, authentic activities, reflexivity, ability, committed practice, and knowing. Included in the discussion of each standard is an activity or lesson that a science methods course instructor can implement.
The arctic ice thickness anomaly of the 1990s: A consistent view from observations and models

[1] Observations of sea-ice draft from submarine cruises in much of the Arctic Ocean show that the ice cover was unusually thin in the mid-1990s. Here we limit our examination to digitally recorded draft data from eight cruises spanning the years 1987 to 1997 and find a decrease of about 1 m over the 11-year span. Comparisons of our modeled draft with observed draft show good agreement in the temporal change. Comparing average draft over entire cruises, the RMS discrepancy between modeled and observed draft is 0.3 m and the correlation is 0.98. Agreement in the spatial patterns of draft is somewhat lower; the RMS discrepancy of 50-km averages of draft is 0.7 m and the correlation is 0.73. We review reports of interannual variations of ice thickness or volume from other model studies. All models agree that thickness decreased by between 0.6 and 0.9 m from 1987 to 1996. Our model shows a modest recovery in thickness from 1996 to 1999. For the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, models tend to disagree on the size and to a lesser extent the timing or phase of interannual variations.
Political Development: Time Sequences and Rates of Change

Political development is undoubtedly a rich and variegated field of study. We have begun to accumulate first-rate studies of widely divergent cultures and social structures, masses of quantitative data on the socioeconomic variables involved in the modernization process, analyses of political phenomena ranging from the destooling of chiefs to the functioning of complex legislative systems, well-documented surveys of particular political systems, and a smaller number of useful typologies and general hypotheses.
Mechanism of Exonuclease I stimulation by the single-stranded DNA-binding protein

Bacterial single-stranded (ss) DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) bind and protect ssDNA intermediates formed during cellular DNA replication, recombination and repair reactions. SSBs also form complexes with an array of genome maintenance enzymes via their conserved C-terminal tail (SSB-Ct) elements. In many cases, complex formation with SSB stimulates the biochemical activities of its protein partners. Here, we investigate the mechanism by which Escherichia coli SSB stimulates hydrolysis of ssDNA by Exonuclease I (ExoI). Steady-state kinetic experiments show that SSB stimulates ExoI activity through effects on both apparent kcat and Km. SSB variant proteins with altered SSB-Ct sequences either stimulate more modestly or inhibit ExoI hydrolysis of ssDNA due to increases in the apparent Michaelis constant, highlighting a role for protein complex formation in ExoI substrate binding. Consistent with a model in which SSB stabilizes ExoI substrate binding and melts secondary structures that could impede ExoI processivity, the specific activity of a fusion protein in which ExoI is tethered to SSB is nearly equivalent to that of SSB-stimulated ExoI. Taken together, these studies delineate stimulatory roles for SSB in which protein interactions and ssDNA binding are both important for maximal activity of its protein partners.
THE INTRARENAL PRESSURE DURING EXPERIMENTAL RENAL HYPERTENSION

The intrarenal interstitial pressure was measured during the course of experimental renal hypertension in dogs. In perinephritic hypertension, produced by wrapping the kidney in a cellophane bag, the intrarenal pressure rose slowly from the normal value of 25 mm. Hg to a final level of about 60 mm. Hg. Strong pressure pulsations were observed in the renal parenchyma during this type of hypertension. In the hypertension following partial occlusion of the renal artery, the intrarenal pressure remained approximately normal, except in malignant hypertension when it tended to decline to about 9 mm. Hg. The hypertension of perinephritis is interpreted as a consequence of renal ischemia, the high intrarenal pressure, produced by the constricting fibrotic hull, acting to reduce the effective perfusion pressure of the kidney. The two experimental hypertensions herein examined are considered as examples of influent resistance hypertensions and effluent resistance hypertensions, the former being due to renal arterial or arteriolar resistance and the latter due to renal venous resistance, specifically at the arcuate-interlobar junction. The application of this concept to renal hypertensive disease in man is discussed.
An integrated catch-and-hold mechanism activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

In neuromuscular acetylcholine (ACh) receptor channels (AChRs), agonist molecules bind with a low affinity (LA) to two sites that can switch to high affinity (HA) and increase the probability of channel opening. We measured (by using single-channel kinetic analysis) the rate and equilibrium constants for LA binding and channel gating for several different agonists of adult-type mouse AChRs. Almost all of the variation in the equilibrium constants for LA binding was from differences in the association rate constants. These were consistently below the limit set by diffusion and were substantially different even though the agonists had similar sizes and the same charge. This suggests that binding to resting receptors is not by diffusion alone and, hence, that each binding site can undergo two conformational changes (“catch” and “hold”) that connect three different structures (apo-, LA-bound, and HA-bound). Analyses of ACh-binding protein structures suggest that this binding site, too, may adopt three discrete structures having different degrees of loop C displacement (“capping”). For the agonists we tested, the logarithms of the equilibrium constants for LA binding and LA↔HA gating were correlated. Although agonist binding and channel gating have long been considered to be separate processes in the activation of ligand-gated ion channels, this correlation implies that the catch-and-hold conformational changes are energetically linked and together comprise an integrated process having a common structural basis. We propose that loop C capping mainly reflects agonist binding, with its two stages corresponding to the formation of the LA and HA complexes. The catch-and-hold reaction coordinate is discussed in terms of preopening states and thermodynamic cycles of activation.
Late-breaking abstract: A relative plasma elafin deficiency in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with pulmonary disease

Elafin is an inducible potent and selective serine elastase inhibitor with additional anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. We hypothesized that a relative deficiency in circulating Elafin levels in relation to elastase, reflecting an imbalance in anti-elastolytic capacity, will be associated with the severity of lung disease in children with CF. Plasma samples were obtained from 35 children with CF free from exacerbation and compared to a group of 82 healthy individuals. Samples were assayed in duplicate by ELISA for Elafin and elastase concentrations, and the ratio of circulating elastase to Elafin (e:E) was calculated for each subject. Lung disease severity was assessed by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). CF patients (17F, 18M) had a mean (SD) age of 12.8 (4) years, a FEV1 Z-score of -1.64 (1.7) and a Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score of 0.12 (0.9); 22% were infected with Pseudomonas, 75% with S. aureus and 8% were co-infected. Elafin levels were significantly lower in the CF patients compared to controls (17.2 vs. 75.4 ng/mL, p<0.001), whereas elastase levels were comparable (80.4 vs. 94.5 ng/mL, p=0.3). Mean e:E ratio in the CF children was 5.9 (3.1), which was significantly higher than the control group at 2.3 (1.8), (p<0.001). FEV1 Z-scores were not correlated with Elafin levels (p=0.4) but inversely correlated with elastase and e:E ratio (p <0.05 for both). Infection status, age or gender did not modify these associations. We conclude that in children with CF a relative deficiency in Elafin as reflected in a high e:E ratio is associated with the severity of lung disease. Elafin replenishment therapy could be a potential effective intervention.
The effect of changing state health policy on hospital uncompensated care.

This paper examines the effect of changing state policy, such as Medicaid eligibility, payment generosity, and HMO enrollment, on provision of hospital uncompensated care. Using national data from the American Hospital Association for the period from 1990 through 1995, we find that not-for-profit and public hospitals? uncompensated care levels respond positively to Medicaid payment generosity, although the size of the effect is small. Not-for-profit hospitals respond negatively to Medicaid HMO penetration. Results suggest that public insurance payment generosity is an effective but inefficient policy instrument for influencing uncompensated care among not-for-profit hospitals. Further in localities with high HMO penetration or high penetration of for-profit hospitals, it may be necessary to establish explicit payments for car of the uninsured. (Inquiry 2000 Fall; 37: 253-267).
Are You There God? It’s Me, a College Student: Religious Beliefs and Higher Education

Drawing data from a longitudinal survey of college students from 514 institutions of higher education, we add to the discussion on the education–religion puzzle by providing information on specifically which college students experience the most religiosity change, investigating multiple change measures (conviction strength, service attendance, and religious identity), and estimating which programs of study and collegiate experiences cause the most change. We also provide an analysis of students who seek or initially sought an occupation within the clergy. Among our findings, 56% of students report changes in the strength of their religious convictions during college, while 45% report changes in religious service attendance frequency. Of those who matriculate as religious, about 9% lose their religion by graduation. Of those who matriculate with no religious identity, an impressive 33% graduate with one. Choice of institution, major of study, academic success, and many other collegiate experiences are shown to be determinants of these changes.
A glaucoma drainage device incorporating a slow-release drug delivery system for the management of fibrosis

Abstract Postoperative fibrosis is the main cause of glaucoma surgery failure. The risk of glaucoma drainage device failure due to fibrosis is 10% per year. Excessive collagen around the end plate of the GDD leads to encapsulation that prevents aqueous humor from accessing the conjunctival blood vessels. Decreasing postoperative fibrosis has the potential not only to increase the success rate of the surgery but also to potentially achieve lower IOP. Various techniques have been attempted to achieve this goal, but with little success. A slow-release drug delivery system that can release low but sustained concentrations of antifibrotic agents such as MMC and 5 FU over an extended period of time may attenuate the postoperative fibrosis, leading to better surgical results. We successfully created a sustained-release drug delivery system that decreased the postoperative fibrosis using both a nonbiodegradable (PHEMA) polymer and a biodegradable (PLGA) polymer. Both systems appear to work equally well with no side effects. These results are supportive of the antifibrotic effect of the slow-release drug delivery system following glaucoma drainage device implantation, thus paving the way for human pilot studies.
Multijurisdictional Enforcement Games

Economic analyses of law enforcement generally focus on situations in which law is enforced by a single public agency in a single jurisdiction which faithfully follows its announced enforcement strategy. This does not reflect the reality of enforcement aimed at corporate crime, which commonly involves multiple agencies, often based in different jurisdictions. This chapter will discuss the analysis of multijurisdictional law enforcement, with particular reference to cases concerning foreign bribery. The premise is that this kind of interaction can be modelled as a dynamic multi-player game in which the players include both enforcement agencies and firms. The first step is to describe the structure of the game: the range of possible players, the actions open to them, and their preferences over outcomes, as well as when the players act and what they know about other players’ actions. The next step is to discuss how the enforcement game is likely to be played, meaning what strategies firms and enforcement agencies are likely to adopt. In principle, this kind of analysis can be used to formulate testable hypotheses about outcomes of interactions between regulators and firms. Unfortunately, opportunities to evaluate these kinds of hypotheses empirically are limited because many aspects of the structure of the game are difficult to observe, and firms’ misconduct and regulators’ enforcement activities typically are only observable when they result in formal sanctions. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some of the challenges inherent in normative analysis of the outcomes of multi-jurisdictional law enforcement games.
Cocenters of Hecke–Clifford and spin Hecke algebras

Abstract We determine a basis of the cocenter (i.e., the trace or zeroth Hochschild homology) of the degenerate affine Hecke–Clifford and spin Hecke algebras in classical types.
Quality and Diagnostic Utility of Mydriatic Smartphone Photography: The Smartphone Ophthalmoscopy Reliability Trial

Background and objective Establish quality and diagnostic utility of mydriatic smartphone ophthalmoscopy (SO) fundus images compared to fundus camera (FC) images. Patients and methods In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 94 consecutive patients in an urban eye emergency department underwent SO and FC fundus imaging via one of three study arms: medical student 1 (MS1), medical student 2 (MS2), and ophthalmology resident (OR). Images of 188 eyes were graded for overall quality by two masked reviewers, and observed critical fundus findings were compared to dilated fundus examination documentation. Results SO images were higher quality in the OR arm than in the MS1 and MS2 arms (P .328). In the OR arm, SO images detected 74.3% of critical fundus findings, whereas FC images detected 77.1%. Conclusion SO produces fundus images approaching the quality and diagnostic utility of traditional FC photographs.
Epiphenomenology of the closet: Feeling and fashioning sexuality in everyday life:

Clothing is an essential means through which social actors construct, perform, and negotiate their sexualities in their everyday lives. Existing research about dress and sexual performance suggests...
Radio as a Tool for Health Education: What Makes for an Effective HIV/AIDS Radio Campaign in Sub-Saharan Africa?

From the bustling cities of Zambia to the most rural parts of Lesotho, HIV/AIDS is a raging epidemic that affects over 15% of the adult population in many regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Public health interventions often take the form of media campaigns, which utilize television, radio, and print advertisements to spread awareness and inform the population of risk factors, prevention methods, and treatment options. This paper will focus on HIV/AIDS radio programs in Malawi, Zambia, and other countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. It will analyze these programs’ air times, audience, presentation style, and content, and identify how these factors influenced behavioral changes in the audiences. Additionally, this paper proposes promising techniques to ensure the success of future campaigns based on previous findings. Given these reviews of broadcasts of the past and their strengths and weaknesses, radio stations can better understand the reasons behind the programs’ respective impacts on the target populations. Further, this methodology can be applied when considering new radio programs for health education for HIV/AIDS and beyond.
Diverse Bacteriophage Roles in an Aphid-Bacterial Defensive Mutualism

Despite the well-described importance of bacteriophages to bacterial pathogens, little is known about their influence on the many bacterial species that form beneficial symbioses with eukaryotes. Most insect species, for example, are infected with one or more maternally inherited symbionts, which provide nutritional and defensive services in exchange for housing. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, harbors at least seven common heritable symbionts that mediate a range of ecological interactions and has emerged as a model for studies of beneficial symbionts. One common pea aphid defensive symbiont, Hamiltonella defensa, protects against parasitic wasps, which are important natural enemies. The bacterium is itself infected by temperate bacteriophages, called APSEs (A cyrthosiphon p isum secondary endosymbionts), which are necessary for H. defensa-mediated protection. This represents the first known instance of a bacteria-insect mutualism requiring a viral partner. APSEs play other key roles in the regulation and maintenance of H. defensa: APSE loss results in high titers of the bacterial symbiont, which is correlated with severe fitness costs to the aphid host. These costs to the aphid incurred by phage loss likely lead to phage-free H. defensa-infected aphids being rapidly removed from the population, thus limiting the invasion potential of H. defensa. Below we review the roles of APSEs in the H. defensa-aphid defensive symbiosis and suggest a framework for future studies. We then make comparisons with another well-studied phage-symbiont interaction (Wolbachia-WO) and consider the roles of bacteriophages in the evolution of heritable symbioses and how they may influence other insect-associated bacteria, such as the gut microbiota.
Identifying Causal Estimands for Time-Varying Treatments Measured with Time-Varying (Age or Grade-Based) Instruments.

ABSTRACTThis commentary discusses causal estimands of same-age and same-grade comparisons for assessing grade-retention effects on student ability and performance. Using potential outcomes notation, we show that same-age and same-grade comparisons refer to different retention–promotion contrasts and therefore assess different causal questions. We also comment on deleting versus censoring records of students who dropped out of the study or do not belong to the treatment regimes under investigation. Whereas deleting entire student records potentially induces collider bias, censoring circumvents bias if censoring is ignorable given the observed pretreatment covariates.
Student-derived solutions to address barriers hindering reports of unprofessional behaviour.

Background Barriers hinder medical students from reporting breaches in professional behaviour, which can adversely impact institutional culture. No studies have reported student perspectives on how to address these barriers successfully. Our study (i) evaluated the likelihood of reporting based on violation severity, (ii) assessed barriers to reporting and (iii) elicited students’ proposed solutions. Methods Four medical students designed a cross-sectional study in 2015. In response to seven scenarios, students rated the likelihood of reporting the violation, indicated perceived barriers and identified solutions. Additional questions investigated the perceived importance of professionalism, confidence in understanding professionalism and trust in administrative protection from negative consequences. Results Two hundred and seventy-two students in their clinical years (MS2–4) responded to the survey (RR = 50%). Students were 70–90% likely to report major violations, but < 30% likely to report minor or moderate violations. Barriers included concerns about an uncomfortable relationship (41%), potential negative repercussions on grades or opportunities (23%), and addressing by direct discussion rather than reporting (23%). Solutions included simplified reporting, control over report release date, improved feedback to reporters, training for real-time resolution of concerns and a neutral resource to help students triage concerns. No differences existed between classes regarding the importance or understanding of professionalism. In linear regression, only importance of professionalism predicted likelihood of reporting and this did not change with training. Conclusions Hindered by common barriers, students are unlikely to report a violation unless it is a serious breach of professionalism. Student-derived solutions should be explored by medical school administrators to encourage reporting of violation of professionalism.
In VTE, extending anticoagulation with rivaroxaban vs aspirin reduced recurrence without increasing bleeding.

Source Citation Weitz JI, Lensing AW, Prins MH, et al; EINSTEIN CHOICE Investigators. Rivaroxaban or aspirin for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1211-22. 28316279
Use of cone-beam computed tomography in diagnosing and treating endodontic treatment failure: A case study

The use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a complementary imaging modality applies to various clinical situations that with conventional two-dimensional radiographs alone may pose diagnostic challenges. These challenges include but are not limited to locating missed canals in endodontic retreatment and diagnosing the presence of lesions such as resorption, periapical bone defects, root fractures, and perforations. In this study, we present a case of an asymptomatic apical periodontitis that was incidentally found on a panoramic radiograph. Analyses based on panoramic and periapical radiographs and clinical examinations were insufficient for definitive diagnosis, which necessitated the use of CBCT. The CBCT scan allowed identification of the cause of the apical disease, an unfilled mesiolingual canal in previously root canal treated left mandibular second molar, as well as the extent of the lesion. We also explore the diagnostic challenges in using traditional two-dimensional radiographs only, the challenges in locating root canals in mandibular second molars, and risks and benefits in using CBCT.
Designers’ articulation and activation of instrumental design judgements in cross-cultural user research

Cross-cultural design practices have begun to rise in prominence, but these practices have infrequently intersected with common user-centred design practices that value the participation and lived ...
Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: A Tandem Detection Approach for Improved Identification of Gas Chromatography-Eluting Compounds

For wide class characterizations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), conventional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based techniques are utilized. These GC-MS-based chemical identification approaches typically rely on library searches against ion fragmentation patterns of known compounds. Although MS library searches can often provide correct chemical identities, erroneous chemical assignments of structurally similar unknown compounds are also possible. Other detection systems, such as absorption spectrometers, have been used for VOC analysis and can provide complementary absorption data. Here, we demonstrate the analytical advantages of coupling vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorption spectroscopy and MS in tandem for the improved characterization of structurally similar VOCs. We also discuss technical considerations and limitations of coupling a VUV spectrometer to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Moreover, we show that combining the isomer selectivity of VUV spectroscopy, as a nondestructive an...
Judgment hurts: The psychological consequences of experiencing stigma in multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Rationale People living with MS often report feeling stigmatized, but little research has examined the psychological impact of this, which is important considering the high prevalence of depression in this population. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess, concurrently and prospectively, the association between stigma and depression in people living with MS. Methods Data were available from 5369 participants enrolled in the semi-annual survey conducted by the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS). Participants reported their MS stigma and depression in the spring 2013 update survey (T1) and their depression again one year later (T2). Demographic and health-related covariates were also assessed. Results People experiencing higher levels of stigma reported more depression symptoms and were more likely to meet the threshold for clinical depression at both times, even controlling for covariates. Higher levels of stigma also predicted T2 depression, controlling for T1 depression (and covariates), suggesting a possible causal association. Greater psychosocial reserve, a composite of measures assessing participants’ feelings of belonging, social support, and sense of control, attenuated the association between stigma and depression. Conclusions Stigma is an important but understudied predictor of depression in people living with MS, but greater psychosocial reserve provides a buffer.
Impedance vs coupling noise analysis and tradeoff on power delivery filters based on package layout interconnections

This work presents an impedance vs coupling noise analysis for Power Delivery (PD) interconnection at the package (PKG) level. The work is focused on power rails that supply multiple loads from a single power source. The analysis and design process presented for mitigating the coupled noise on sensitive domains is based only on PKG power routing layout. The analysis and design method documented has been used on the Power Delivery Network (PDN) for Intel's Xeon Phi server platforms.
John Ruskin as an Inspiration for W. G. Collingwood and R. G. Collingwood

The difficulties of intellectual biography are enormous, even for a thinker who lived a relatively short life and wrote little. The difficulties multiply the longer a thinker lived and the more he wrote. One might cite as a limiting case the difficulties which confront the biographer of John Ruskin. Not only did he live eighty-one years and not only did he publish voluminously, but he wrote thousands of letters, kept a diary, and wrote an autobiography when he was almost seventy. This staggering quantity of material by Ruskin has never been fully collated; much less has it served as underpinning for a definitive biography.1
Dextran-linked insulin: A soluble high molecular weight derivative with biological activity invivo and invitro

Abstract Insulin has been covalently linked to dextran, mw 2,000,000. The soluble derivative has intrinsic biological activity in lowering blood glucose levels in vivo and in glucose uptake in isolated fat cells in vitro .
BSIM-CMG: A compact model for multi-gate transistors

The scaling of conventional planar CMOS is expected to become increasingly difficult due to increasing gate leakage and subthreshold leakage.[1-2] Multi-gate FETs such as FinFETs have emerged as the most promising candidates to extend the CMOS scaling into the sub-25nm regime.[3-4] The strong electrostatic control over the channel originating from the use of multiple gates reduces the coupling between source and drain in the subthreshold region and it enables the Multigate transistor to be scaled beyond bulk planar CMOS for a given dielectric thickness. Numerous efforts are underway to enable large scale manufacturing of multi-gate FETs. At the same time, circuit designers are beginning to design and evaluate multi-gate FET circuits.
Structuring for Action and Longevity in the Green Economy: Being Intentional About Committing to Social/Green Purposes, Connecting Effort and Impact, and Addressing Harm and Accountability

Demand and opportunities for combining pursuit of profit and social, green impact are increasing. The public sector and both aspects of the private sector – for-profit business and tax exempt, charitable enterprises – are interested in doing more and better. That includes both sectors seeking to leverage the benefits of what each can bring to an endeavor through cross-sector collaborations and ventures. While originating with interests that complement each other and even overlap, these hybrid pursuits – financial and social impact, public and private operations – involve interests or depth of intentionality that inevitably will collide and ricochet. There are bound to be disagreements, even under the best of circumstances when those involved act with the best of intentions. Until recently, there were no frameworks within which policy makers might use policy levers to reconcile, encourage, or discourage approaches to resolving such conflicts. Nor were there frameworks by which practitioners – legal, investors, entrepreneurs, and others – could understand their own expectations or those of others in order to identify and exploit areas of convergence and to prepare for areas of divergence. This article expands on four recently introduced frameworks for identifying and managing complementary, competing, and conflicting interests and objectives and the depth of commitment to them as follows: • Degree and depths of commitment to social purposes or the lack thereof; • Importance of connections between the effort being put forth and the social impact or results to be achieved; • Whether and how to address direct, indirect, knowable and unintended harms; and • Relevance of accountability and whether to rely on business owners, social/public engagement, and/or legal causes of action and remedies. These frameworks (or something like them) usefully function independently, but they also inter-relate and operate together. The essence of this article is posit how the above frameworks can intersect to identify the areas in which policy makers should and should not make policy concessions for given efforts (e.g., compromise fiduciary duties, provide tax incentives or bid procurement preferences, exempt from securities laws, etc.). This article aids practitioners by helping them identify their own (or their clients’) substantive expectations, those of others, and where overlap can be advantageous and where disparities are likely to become costly diversions.
Notes from the Last Citadel: Misrepresentation in Nebraska

Misrepresentation is the first element in Nebraska for the tort of deceit. This article describes, from a case law perspective, why Nebraska is the last state to insist on that element.
Pillared‐Clay Catalysts Containing Mixed‐Metal Complexes. Part 1. Preparation and Characterization.

High surface area pillared clays are prepared by exchanging interlayer ions of natural montmorillonites with polyoxocations of (1) Fe((Fe3(OH)4)5+), (2) Al((Al13O4(OH)24)7+), (3) mixtures of these cations or (4) with an Fe-Al mixed complex ((Al12.5Fe0.5O4(OH)24)7+).
A bruise without a name: investigating college student perceptions of intimate partner violence terminology

When it comes to intimate partner violence, words matter. The abuse terminology used in efforts to target collegiate victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) can impact the effectiveness of preve...
A biphasic gene expression response to cisplatin treatment in ovarian cancer: An immediate early gene response followed by a p53 response

1393 The molecular pathways activated in response to acute cisplatin exposure, as well as the mechanisms involved in the development of cisplatin resistant cancer cells remain unclear. Using whole genome oligonucleotide microarrays, we have examined the kinetic of gene expression changes in cisplatin sensitive and resistant ovarian cancer cells. Both cell lines used exhibited a response characterized by a biphasic pattern of gene expression with a first major cluster of induced genes detectable after 2 hours and a second wave of genes induced at 16-24 hours. The major cluster of genes associated with the initial response consisted of several immediate early genes (IEG), suggesting a MAPK-regulated response. Consistent with this hypothesis, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was sharply increased within two hours in these lines. Beginning at 16 hours of cisplatin treatment, a strong induction of several known p53-regulated genes could be observed and this induction corresponded to a significant increase in p53 protein levels. Because the initial MAPK induction is likely important in both responses, this pathway may be crucial in determining the cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin and thus represent a promising pathway for therapy. Consistent with this hypothesis, inhibition of the MAPK pathway during cisplatin treatment led to a large increase in cell survival. In contrast, inhibition of p53 or its downstream target p21, led to a modest 2-fold decrease in cell survival. In addition, our analysis also allowed the identification of several genes that are differentially expressed between sensitive and resistant cells, including the gene encoding connexin 43, a highly upregulated protein in cisplatin-resistant cells. The pathways we identified in the cisplatin response, as well as the genes found differentially expressed between cisplatin resistant and sensitive cells may represent targets for therapy aimed at reversing drug resistance.
Acceptability and outcomes of an individualized exergaming telePT program for veterans with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.

Physical rehabilitation services are an important component of treatment for persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) to improve and maintain physical mobility. However, PwMS often have significant barriers to outpatient physical therapy (PT) services including mobility deficits and lack of transportation. The integration of exercise gaming (exergaming) and telehealth into clinical PT practices may overcome these barriers. The overarching purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the acceptability and effects of an individualized telePT intervention using exergaming. Ten individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) completed a 12-week exergaming (Jintronix®) telerehabilitation intervention. In order to measure the acceptability of the telerehabilitation intervention, adherence was measured through the tablet-based rehabilitation software and each participant completed a satisfaction questionnaire. Clinical outcome measures were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. To evaluate the efficacy of this intervention, the following measures of physical function and fatigue were included; the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 25-Foot Walk (25FW), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS), and the 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT). Clinical outcomes were analyzed using the Sign test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. All other data were evaluated using descriptive statistics. After the intervention, participants demonstrated significant improvements in ambulation speed during the 25FW (p = 0.04) and ambulation distance during the 2MWT (p = 0.002). Statistically significant increases of SPPB total score (p = .04) and sub-scores were also found. Participants did not demonstrate significant changes in the MFIS (p = 0.31) or MSWS-12 (p = 0.06) after the intervention. Participants had a 58.3% adherence rate during the intervention and performed their exercise program an average of 2.5 times per week. All participants reported that they were either ‘satisfied or ‘very satisfied’ with their telerehabilitation experience, would use telerehabilitation again, and would recommend telerehabilitation to others. This individualized telerehabilitation intervention which integrates exergaming and clinical video teleconferencing is acceptable to patients and may offer a viable alternative to traditional PT for PwMS. NCT03655431 , retrospectively registered on August 31st, 2018.
Situation of livestock insurance in the region of Ghardaia (Algerian Northern Sahara)

Agricultural insurance is one of the important tools that help farmers gain access to appropriate financial services in support of agricultural production and to face some of the involved risks. The present article presents a detailed evaluation of the functioning system of the agricultural insurance system. Assessing the participation of the Algerian Caisse de Mutualite Agricole, in the current rate of agricultural development. This institution of agricultural mutuality, with its national fund and its regional mutuals, is likely to be affected by several changes or even to be surpassed by other companies competing on the insurance market. An analysis was conducted in insurance companies and farmers to probe the reality on the ground and identify alternatives and proposals for well-targeted solutions in relation to the detected deficiencies. The study also found a generally less favorable attitude of the farmers towards agricultural insurance. Emerging from this analysis is a set of nuanced recommendations based on risk structure and environmental property rights.