cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of nucleating sequences from amyloidogenic propensities of tau-related peptides.

Physical properties, including amyloid morphology, FTIR and CD spectra, enhancement of Congo red absorbance, polymerization rate, critical monomer concentration, free energy of stabilization, hydrophobicity, and the partition coefficient between soluble and amyloid states, were measured for the tau-related peptide Ac-VQIVYK amide (AcPHF6) and its single site mutants Ac-VQIVXK amide (X ≠ Cys). Transmission electron microscopy showed that 15 out of the 19 peptides formed amyloid in buffer, with morphologies ranging from straight and twisted filaments to sheets and rolled sheets. Using principal component analysis (PCA), measured properties were treated in a comprehensive manner, and scores along the most significant principal components were used to define individual amino acid amyloidogenic propensities. Quantitative structure−activity modeling (QSAM) showed that residues with greater size and hydrophobicity made the largest contributions to the propensity of peptides to form amyloid. Using individual amin...
Balancing nuclear matter between liquid and gas

Abstract By simulating the explosion of hot drops of classical particles, phase separation scenarios and the hypotheses of critical phenomena are tested microscopically. Power law behavior is indeed observed in the mass distribution for excitations corresponding to maximum fragment formation, but the behavior is not the result of critical phenomenon. Rather, it occurs when the initial excitation is chosen to expand the drop just far enough such that it neither collapses back into a liquid drop or explodes into a gas, with the expansion stalling at low density and temperature. Fragment formation is shown to occur when the matter is deep within the hydrodynamically unstable region.
Variation of the Thickness and Number of Wells in the CdS/HgS/CdS Quantum Dot Quantum Well System†

We report on the first chemically prepared multilayer quantum well structure in a semiconductor quantum dot. By subsequent precipitation of HgS, CdS, HgS, and again CdS from aqueous solution, we obtained nanoparticles which contain two HgS quantum wells separated by a double layer of CdS. The core and the capping material is also CdS. The two-well system was characterized by absorption and emission spectroscopy, which clearly reveal the formation of a two-well and not a single double-layered quantum well system. This system allows to study the interaction of quantum wells that are separated by different thicknesses of the CdS barriers. The radiative and relaxation dynamics of the new two-well system are compared with the dynamics of systems having a single-layer well and a double-layer well system.
Speech acts and the pragmatic deficits of autism

In a videotaped free-play session with a parent, autistic children were compared with mental-age matched Developmental Language Delay (DLD) children and with normally developing (ND) 2-year-olds in...
Alternating Two Different Diffusion States of Min Proteins on the Lipid Bilayer Revealed by Single Molecule Tracking

The bacterial proteins of Min family play key roles in mid-cell localization of cell division septum. MinD-ATP accumulates on the cell membrane and MinE regulates membrane release of MinD by triggering ATP hydrolysis. This results in the oscillation of MinD between cell poles generating time-average MinD concentration minimum at the mid-cell. MinC, a septum formation inhibitor, co-localize with MinD to ensure mid-cell septum formation. In vitro, the Min proteins display interconverting modes of dynamic pattern formation including propagating waves, spatially near-uniform oscillations of surface concentration, propagating filament-like structures, and mobile amoeba-like structures surrounded by MinE rings similar to the MinE ring in vivo (V Ivanov and K Mizuuchi, PNAS 107, 8071 (2010)).We tracked single-molecules of MinD and MinE that constitute the wave pattern and found two different diffusion states: free-diffusing and trapped (Fig, Free trajectory is blue; trapped in different colors). The fraction of the trapped state of MinD molecules increases near the wave tail where MinE concentration is high and a large fraction of MinE is also in the trapped state. MinE molecules in trapped state jump between different trap locations.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Ozone profiles and chemical loss rates in the tropical stratosphere deduced from backscatter ultraviolet measurements

Analysis of data obtained by the backscatter ultraviolet (BUV) experiment on the Atmosphere Explorer E satellite has provided equatorial ozone mixing ratio profiles for equinox and solstice conditions. The combination of these results with a pure oxygen chemical model yields the rate of odd oxygen loss due to the sum of the odd hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine cycles. Use of recent mid-latitude stratospheric measurements of HO(x), NO(x), and ClO(x) with the BUV data provides an independent calculation of the catalytic loss. Below 45 km the agreement between the two sets of loss rates is satisfactory. At higher altitudes the odd hydrogen cycle provides far more O(x) loss than can be tolerated by the BUV measurements if the photodissociation of O2 is the only source and has the currently accepted magnitude. The results suggest either a tropical HO(x) concentration smaller than is now believed or the presence of a very large source of odd oxygen in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere.
Colorectal cancer: CRC--all about microbial products and barrier function?

Novel findings draw attention to the adverse effect that neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells has on intestinal barrier function and cancer progression. An impaired intestinal barrier facilitated the translocation of microbial products, which promoted cytokine production and subsequent tumour progression in mice. The findings could open new therapeutic avenues for patients with early stage colorectal cancer.
Influence of Electron-Phonon Interactions on the de Haas-van Alphen Effect

The thermodynamic potential and magnetization are calculated for a system of electrons interacting with phonons in the presence of a magnetic field. The results are used for a numerical evaluation of the de Haas-van Alphen amplitude of the oscillations of the magnetization as a function of temperature in mercury. The calculated results show that although we are dealing with a strong-coupling system, the experimental observations of the de Haas-van Alphen effect should be very similar to that expected for free particles. We also apply the techniques used in the derivation to the case of nearly ferromagnetic electron systems and calculate the enhancement of the argument of the spin-splitting factor. The analysis for nearly ferromagnetic systems leads to the prediction that the cyclotron frequency which enters the amplitude of the oscillations is reduced by the same mass-enhancement factor as that which enters the specific heat.
Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: Report of a case in a 28-year-old

A 28-year-old-black woman presented with increasing abdominal girth and gross hepatomegaly. Preoperative investigations demonstrated an enlarging vascular tumor involving the right lobe of the liver. A right hepatic trisegmentectomy was performed, and histologic examination of the tissue revealed a mesenchymal hamartoma, a tumor usually presenting in early childhood. This case is unique because the patient is 22 years beyond the average presenting age, and is the oldest patient reported.
Control of Cognition and Adaptive Behavior by the GLP/G9a Epigenetic Suppressor Complex

Summary The genetic basis of cognition and behavioral adaptation to the environment remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the histone methyltransferase complex GLP/G9a controls cognition and adaptive responses in a region-specific fashion in the adult brain. Using conditional mutagenesis in mice, we show that postnatal, neuron-specific deficiency of GLP/G9a leads to derepression of numerous nonneuronal and neuron progenitor genes in adult neurons. This transcriptional alteration is associated with complex behavioral abnormalities, including defects in learning, motivation, and environmental adaptation. The behavioral changes triggered by GLP/G9a deficiency are similar to key symptoms of the human 9q34 mental retardation syndrome that is associated with structural alterations of the GLP/EHMT1 gene. The likely causal role of GLP/G9a in mental retardation in mice and humans suggests a key role for the GLP/G9a-controlled histone H3K9 dimethylation in regulation of brain function through maintenance of the transcriptional homeostasis in adult neurons.
Photochemical bleaching of adsorbed rhodamine 6G as a probe of binding geometries on a fused silica surface

Abstract Photochemical bleaching and polarization-dependent fluorescence measurements were used to probe the adsorption characteristics of submonolayers of rhodamine 6G on a fused silica surface. The presence of three unique binding geometries of adsorbed dye molecules is inferred from the kinetics of the photochemical bleaching reaction, obtained by monitoring the fluorescence yield as a function of irradiation time over a period of 1500–2000 s. Fluorescence from molecules in each distinctive binding geometry is characterized by a unique ratio between its s- and p-polarized components. A theoretical model relates the polarization ratio of the fluorescence to the angle of orientation of the transition dipole with respect to the plane of the surface. The transition dipole angles for the three inferred geometries are 0°, 8° and 16°. The photochemical bleaching cross section of rhodamine 6G is strongly dependent on the orientation of the transition dipole. Possible ways in which the molecules may be physically oriented are discussed.
Expression of murine renin genes in subcutaneous connective tissue.

Abstract A renin promoter-large tumor antigen (T antigen) fusion gene was constructed to provide a reporter function for renin expression in transgenic mice. These transgenic mice gave rise to tumors in subcutaneous soft tissue, which was attributed to transgene expression at this site. An immunohistochemical analysis of transgenic fetuses from several independent lines revealed scattered T-antigen-containing mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts in the subcutaneous layer of the skin between the panniculus carnosus muscle of the skin and the skeletal muscle of the body wall. This localization is consistent with the location of overt tumorigenesis in adult mice. This pattern was specific for the renin-T antigen fusion gene as no immunohistochemical staining was observed in transgenic fetuses containing a heterologous promoter-T antigen fusion gene. Northern blot analysis of tumor RNA indicated that most of the tumors expressed both T antigen and the endogenous renin gene Ren-1c. In addition, when multiple renin genes were introduced by crossing transgenic mice with nontransgenic DBA/2J mice, which contain another allele of the Ren-1 locus as well as the duplicated locus Ren-2, the resultant tumors expressed the Ren-2 gene. Northern blots were then used to analyze renin expression in the subcutaneous tissue of normal mice. Fully processed renin mRNA was detected in eviscerated 15.5-day postcoitus fetal and newborn carcasses and in newborn skin. Our data indicate that there is a renin-expressing cell population in fetal and newborn subcutaneous tissue.
High-resolution structure and dynamic implications for a double-helical gramicidin A conformer.

The high-resolution structure of a dimeric conformer of gramicidin A, a 15-residue polypeptide, has been determined in the mixed-solvent system of benzene and ethanol by 2D NMR techniques. NOEs, coupling constants and hydrogen-bond information were used to generate 744 experimental constraints for the dimer. Stereoassignment of most β-methylene groups was achieved by analysis of 3Jαβ, dαβ(i,i), dNβ(i,i) and dNβ(i+1,i) distances, and consideration of the initial backbone structure determinations. Stereoassignment of several leucine methyl groups was accomplished via a distance geometry/simulated annealing routine, used for structure determination and refinement. The relatively static backbone structure was determined first and held rigid while side-chain conformations were calculated. This procedure is evaluated versus standard NMR structure determination protocols. The backbone is an antiparallel intertwined double helix, with 5.6–5.7 residues per turn, a total dimer length of 36–37 A, and a pore width of 2.5–3.0 A (van der Waals to van der Waals). The structure and dynamics of the side chains are discussed in depth, with careful attention for both the convergence of structures and the residual constraint violations per residue. Side-chain positions impart substantial amphipathic character to the helix, which could influence the conformational change that takes place upon membrane insertion of this channel-forming polypeptide.
Hydrogen bonding in aromatic formamides

The solid state structures of two p-substituted aromatic formamides have been determined. p-Nitro formamido benzene (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 10.9859(7), b = 10.0576(7), c = 13.0331(9) A, β = 97.148(1)∘ and Z = 8. p-formamido anisole (2) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pna21 with a = 10.5598(7), b = 7.6553(5), c = 9.2522(6) A and Z = 4. Both compounds show hydrogen bonding in the solid state, forming infinite chains via N–H⋅ ⋅O = C bridges. For the anisole formamide (2), the molecules exhibit in a zig-zag arrangement. The nitro compound (1) exhibits a spiral-like wavy line with a fourfold repeating unit, making it the first formamide having a chiral N–H⋅ ⋅O bridged chain reminiscent of those found for α-helices in proteins. While the individual spirals of 1 are orientated either clockwise or counterclockwise, their orientation towards each other is random.
The quantitative emphasis in criminal justice education

The emphasis on quantitative research over qualitative research in criminal justice has encountered strong criticism; yet it has endured. One dimension of its persistence concerns the organization of doctoral programs in the field. In this article I examine the extent and rationality of the quantitative emphasis within these programs. Course requirements in quantitative methods, relative to those in qualitative methods, are explored as indicators of this emphasis. I find support for the claim that doctoral education in criminal justice has gone beyond mere emphasis on quantitative methods, and has become a detrimental preoccupation. In addition to supplementing the ongoing critique of this emphasis, I consider the possibility of moderating it.
ENDOTHELIN ACTIVATES LARGE-CONDUCTANCE K+ CHANNELS IN RAT LACTOTROPHS : REVERSAL BY LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO DOPAMINE AGONIST

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) inhibits PRL secretion from cultured rat lactotrophs. However, ET-1 stimulates PRL secretion after cultured lactotrophs have been exposed for 48 h to dopamine or D2 dopamine agonists. In the present study, we have used cell-attached and inside-out patch recordings to establish an ionic basis for these effects. Bath application of 20 nm ET-1 to untreated lactotrophs evoked a robust and persistent activation of large-conductance K+ channels in cell-attached patches. This effect of ET-1 had a long latency to onset, was maintained for as long as ET-1 was present, and required at least 10 min of washing in control saline before complete recovery was achieved. The stimulatory effect of 20 nm ET-1 on these channels was markedly attenuated in the presence of the selective ETA receptor antagonist BQ-610 (200 nm), or after pertussis toxin (200 ng/ml, 16 h) pretreatment. The unitary slope conductance of the ET-1 activated channels in cell attached patches was 165 and 95 pS when the recording elec...
Strong Coupling Mesotron Theory of Nuclear Forces

A theory of nuclear forces is developed, based on the hypothesis that the interaction between a nuclear particle and the mesotron field is strong. Two types of mesotron fields are considered, the charged scalar and the neutral pseudoscalar. The latter, for large enough separation, gives forces between two nuclear particles of the same type as those obtained from perturbation theory and, hence, with the spin dependence and exchange properties required to fit experiment. However, at closer approach the forces become ordinary (non-spin-dependent). It is found impossible to obtain spin dependent forces which, at the same time, extend to small separations and are of sufficient strength to account for the properties of the deuteron.
Differences in the amino acid composition of deoxyribonucleoproteins from white blood cells of normal and leukemic human beings.

Abstract The basic amino acid content of the protein moieties of the glycine-extracted deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNP) from normal and leukemic peripheral white blood cells was found to be different. The absolute sum of the basic amino acids in leukemic DNP was 29% greater than that in the normal DNP, while in the normal DNP an equal magnitude of difference was found in the acidic-neutral amino acid content. These differences are discussed in relation to the known immunological distinctions between normal and leukemic DNP's and also as a consequence of the etiological action of the leukemic agent(s).
Determining the nucleation rate curve for lithium disilicate glass by differential thermal analysis

The crystallization of lithium disilicate (Li2O+2SiO2) glass nucleated at various temperatures was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA). A plot of the DTA crystallization peak height versus nucleation temperature closely resembles the classical nucleation rate curve for lithium disilicate glass whose maximum is at 453 C. The glass becomes saturated with internal nuclei when heated at 453 C for 10 h. The activation energy for crystallization and the heat of crystallization are independent of the concentration of nuclei and are 249 + or - 10 and 67 + or - 3 kJ/mol, respectively. The Avrami exponent, n, depends strongly on the concentration of nuclei in the glass.
Stent-related iliac artery and iliac vein infections: two unreported presentations and review of the literature.

Purpose:To discuss the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of stent-related infections on the basis of 2 new cases and historical review.Case Reports:Two previously unreported cases of vascular ...
Implicit Memory Influences on Metamemory During Verbal Learning After Traumatic Brain Injury

Purpose Prior research has shown that individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be overconfident in their judgments of learning (JOLs; online measures of self-monitoring of learning and memory). JOLs had been presumed to be driven by explicit processes, but recent research has also revealed implicit memory involvement. Given that implicit learning mechanisms are often intact in those with TBI, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether priming and antipriming of immediate and delayed JOLs in individuals with TBI might affect their overconfidence. Method A standard 3-field masked priming paradigm was combined with a paired-associate learning task with JOLs and administered to individuals with TBI and matched controls (18 per group). In each trial, a subliminal masked stimulus was immediately followed by supraliminal presentation of a word pair for study; participants also made immediate and delayed JOLs, with cued-recall testing 10 min after study and judgment. Results Antipriming signifi...
Functionality of quantization noise in sigma-delta modulators

In this paper, the behavior of sigma-delta based on the quantization noise is presented. A one-bit quantizer, which is the worst case, is considered. The sigma-delta modulator tries to send information through a comparator, which is heavily nonlinear. It is shown that information is transferred through the nonlinear static component by making use of a strong dither signal. The stability and quality of the sigma-delta modulator depends on the quality of the dither signal. The behavior of the second-order continuous-time sigma-delta is predicted based on the proposed method of study.
Endovascular covered stent for aortoiliac disease: the corvita device

Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms accomplishes exclusion through the use of a graft introduced inside the aorta through femoral cutdowns. There are a number of devices currently under investigation in the United States for the endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. The authors describe the Corvita endoluminal graft (CEG) used during a Phase I trial in the United States. The device is a covered self-expanding stent of a modular design implanted using a combination of surgical and interventional radiology procedures. The authors' experience was that this device was technically simple to deploy, requiring maneuvers familiar to radiologists who use other self-expanding instruments for a variety of vascular and nonvascular conditions. In combination with treatment of endoleaks, the CEG was highly effective in excluding aneurysms from the circulation. However, trials of the CEG have been suspended by the manufacturer at this time.
Response to Comment on Grimaldi et al. Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep With Reduced Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: Therapeutic Implications. Diabetes Care 2014;37:355–363

We are grateful to Drs. Scarlata and Antonelli-Incalzi (1) for their interest in our recent publication in Diabetes Care (2). We respectfully have to disagree with their statement that our study focused on “how rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation due to obstructive sleep apnea [OSA] affects glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.” Indeed, our study was a cross-sectional analysis and did not include an experimental paradigm of REM sleep deprivation. In fact, the median duration of REM sleep in our cohort was 20.3% of the total sleep time—well within the normal range (Supplementary Table 1 in ref. 2). The primary aim of our study was to estimate the impact of OSA in REM sleep and in non-REM sleep on glycemic control (as assessed by HbA1c) in patients with …
Added Stability Lobes in Machining Processes That Exhibit Periodic Time Variation, Part 1: An Analytical Solution

An added family of stability lobes, which exists in addition to the traditional stability lobes, has been identified for the case of periodically time varying systems. An analytical solution of arbitrary order is presented that identifies and locates multiple added lobes. The stability limit solution is first derived for zero damping where a final closed-form symbolic result can be realized up to second order The un-damped solution provides a mathematical description of the added lobes' locations along the speed axis, an added-lobe numbering convention, and the asymptotes for the damped case. The derivation for the damped case permits a final closed-form symbolic result for first-order only; the second-order solution requires numerical evaluation. The easily computed analytical solution is shown to agree well with the results of the computationally intensive numerical simulation approach. An increase in solution order improves the agreement with numerical simulation; but, more importantly, it allows equivalently more added lobes to be predicted, including the second added lobe that cuts into the speed regime of the traditional high-speed stability peak.
Reduction of Birth Weight Among Infants Born to Adolescents: Maternal–Fetal Growth Competition

To determine whether adolescent pregnancy is associated with maternal-fetal growth competition for nutrients the relationship between maternal weight gain and birth weight was analyzed through data on 9694 Black and White adolescents and adults enrolled in the 1959-65 US National Collaborative Perinatal Project. The ratio of birth weight to pregnancy weight gain in both Black and White adolescents (34.7 and 31.8 respectively) was significantly smaller than that in Black and White adults (37.0 and 38.2 respectively). The regression coefficients of pregnancy weight gain and birth weight in the young adolescents (14.0-16.9 years) was significantly smaller (21.6 g/kg of weight gain for Blacks and 20.0 g/kg for Whites) than in older adolescents (17.0-18.9 years) (23.3 g/kg of weight gain for Blacks and 23.5 g/kg for Whites) and adults (19.9-24.9 years) (24.5 g/kg of weight gain for Blacks and 25.0 g/kg for Whites). The adult pregnancy weight gain associated with the average birth weight (3100 g for Blacks and 3400 g for Whites) was 10 kg. In young adolescents pregnancy weight gain associated with average birth weight was about 15 kg for Blacks and 16 kg for Whites. These findings suggest that young adolescents transfer a significantly smaller proportion of their pregnancy weight gain to their fetuses than older adolescents and adults. The lower birth weights of infants of young adolescents are presumed to reflect a maternal-fetal competition for nutrients.
Structural basis and mechanism of enoyl reductase inhibition by triclosan.

The enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) is involved in bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis and is the target of the antibacterial diazaborine compounds and the front-line antituberculosis drug isoniazid. Recent studies suggest that ENR is also the target for the broad-spectrum biocide triclosan. The 1.75 A crystal structure of EnvM, the ENR from Escherichia coli, in complex with triclosan and NADH reveals that triclosan binds specifically to EnvM. These data provide a molecular mechanism for the antibacterial activity of triclosan and substantiate the hypothesis that its activity results from inhibition of a specific cellular target rather than non-specific disruption of the bacterial cell membrane. This has important implications for the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, since triclosan is an additive in many personal care products such as toothpastes, mouthwashes and soaps. Based on this structure, rational design of triclosan derivatives is possible which might be effective against recently identified triclosan-resistant bacterial strains.
Impact of a Problem-Based Learning Conference on Surgery Residents’ in Training Exam (ABSITE) Scores

The impact of problem-based learning on surgery residents' education is unknown. In this study we measured the impact of a weekly structured problem-based learning conference on surgery residents' ABSITE scores and compared it to traditional clinical conferences and self-studying. A questionnaire was designed to determine the perceived quality of the basic (PQC B ), and the clinical IPQC C ) conferences as well as self-studying (PQC S ). The Pearson correlation between PQC B , PQC C , PQC S , and attendance at the basic science conference and each of the ABSITE total score (ABSITE), basic science (BS) and clinical science (CS) component scores were calculated. PQC S (4.2) was significantly higher than PQC B (2.9) and PQC C (2.5) (P = 0.0002). PQC S and PQC B correlated highly with each of ABSITE, CS, and BS while PQC C did not show any correlation. A high correlation was also observed between attendance at basic science and each of ABSITE, CS, and BS but narrowly missed significance. It was also observed that BS scores highly correlated to the CS scores at all postgraduate levels (P = 0.0001). We conclude that performance on all components of the ABSITE is mostly dependent on individual residents. This individual factor is boosted by self-studying which can be motivated by instituting a problem-based learning technique within the program. Traditional conferences even if popular among residents have no impact on measurement tests.
A Teaching Workshop for Engineering Faculty

A quality engineering education is of utmost importance to undergraduate students seeking an engineering degree. Providing a quality education to these students is the responsibility of engineering faculty. The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Utah State University (USU), in cooperation with the officers of the student chapter of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), has developed a series of six lessons focusing on teaching skills and faculty performance in the classroom. This series of lessons, known as the “Undergraduate Teaching Workshop”, is an effort to improve the teaching of the department faculty, and thereby the undergraduate education of its students. The lessons that make up this workshop range from student concerns to the use of learning resources and equipment. This paper discusses the workshop format and the experience we had with the workshop as it was conducted within our department.
Multichannel Audio in Electroacoustic Music: An Aesthetic and Technical Research Agenda

Multichannel audio is becoming increasingly important to musicians, particularly those who use the studio as a musical instrument to create, process, and mix music. This paper presents a broad overview of the aesthetic and technical challenges that composers of electroacoustic music face by weaving historical context along with a discussion of some of the artistic concerns and scientific hurdles encountered by many within this community when working with surround audio content.
Explicit Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Finite Element Model of Steel Solidification

The explicit finite element method is applied in this work to simulate the coupled and highly non-linear thermo-mechanical phenomena that occur during steel solidification in continuous casting processes. Variable mass scaling is used to efficiently model these processes in their natural time scale using a Lagrangian formulation. An efficient and robust local–global viscoplastic integration scheme (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2006; 66:1955–1989) to solve the highly temperature- and rate-dependent elastic–viscoplastic constitutive equations of solidifying steel has been implemented into the commercial software ABAQUS/Explicit (ABAQUS User Manuals v6.7. Simulia Inc., 2007) using a VUMAT subroutine. The model is first verified with a known semi-analytical solution from Weiner and Boley (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1963; 11:145–154). It is then applied to simulate temperature and stress development in solidifying shell sections in continuous casting molds using realistic temperature-dependent properties and including the effects of ferrostatic pressure, narrow face taper, and mechanical contact. Example simulations include a fully coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of a billet-casting and thin-slab casting in a funnel mold. Explicit temperature and stress results are compared with the results of an implicit formulation and computing times are benchmarked for different problem sizes and different numbers of processor cores. The explicit formulation exhibits significant advantages for this class of contact-solidification problems, especially with large domains on the latest parallel computing platforms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applied Social and Community Interventions for Crisis in Times of National and International Conflict

This article discusses the social, community, national, and international psychological implications of the great energy and movement in our country after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. To determine ways that applied psychologists can have a positive effect on the crisis, Kurt Lewin's (1948; 1951) concept of locomotion at community and national levels is used to discuss the need for interventions that will produce driving factors to continue movement toward positive helping behaviors, and restraining factors when this momentum leads to potentially dangerous responses to the conflict (e.g., group think, an overextended enthusiasm for war, a sense of psychological immediacy or nonimmediacy for victims, and prejudice against Muslim individuals). The author offers ten approaches that applied psychologists could use to drive, restrain, and guide locomotion in this and similar crises both in the United States and abroad.
Nonlinear dynamics in horizontal film boiling

This paper uses thin-film asymptotics to show how a thin vapour layer can support a liquid which is heated from below and cooled from above, a process known as horizontal film boiling. This approach leads to a single, strongly-nonlinear evolution equation which incorporates buoyancy, capillary and evaporative effects. The stability of the vapour layer is analysed using a variety of methods for both saturated and subcooled film boiling. In subcooled film boiling, there is a stationary solution, a constant-thickness vapour film, which is determined by a simple heat-conduction balance. This is Rayleigh–Taylor unstable because the heavier liquid is above the vapour, but the instability is completely suppressed for sufficient subcooling. A bifurcation analysis determines a supercritical branch of stable, spatially-periodic solutions when the basic state is no longer stable. Numerical branch tracing extends this into the strongly-nonlinear regime, revealing a hysteresis loop and a secondary bifurcation to a branch of travelling waves which are stable under certain conditions. There are no stationary solutions in saturated film boiling, but the initial development of vapour bubbles is determined by directly solving the time-dependent evolution equation. This yields important information about the transient heat transfer during bubble development.
Supervising across cultures: Navigating diversity and multiculturalism

This chapter draws upon research and experiences of the author to provide insights on diversity and multiculturalism in supervision.
Spatial language and spatial representation: a cross-linguistic comparison

We examined the relationship between spatial language and spatial memory by comparing native English, Japanese, and Korean speakers' naming of spatial locations and their spatial memory for the same set of locations. We focused on two kinds of spatial organization: axial structure of the reference object, and contact/support with respect to its surface. The results of two language (naming) tasks showed similar organization across the three language groups in terms of axial structure, but differences in organization in terms of contact/support. In contrast, the results of two memory tasks were the same across language groups for both axial structure and contact/support. Moreover, the relationship between spatial language and spatial memory in the two sets of tasks did not show a straightforward isomorphism between the two systems. We conclude that spatial language and spatial memory engage the same kinds of spatial properties, suggesting similarity in the foundations of the two systems. However, the two systems appear to be partially independent: the preservation of particular spatial properties was not mandatory across languages, nor across memory tasks, and cross-linguistic differences in spatial language did not lead to differences in the non-linguistic encoding of location. We speculate that the similarity in linguistic and non-linguistic representations of space may emerge as a functional consequence of negotiating the spatial world.
Abstract 167: High Resolution MR Imaging Of Intracranial Arterial Vessel Walls In Moyamoya Disease

Background: The pathogenesis of the primary occlusive vasculopathy or vasculopathies involving the basal arteries in patients with moyamoya phenomenon is unknown. Newer Magnetic Resonance (MR) tech...
Frequency-reconfigurable single-layer design of microstrip patch electrically-steerable parasitic array radiator(ESPAR)

A novel frequency-reconfigurable ESPAR phased array antenna with beamsteering capability is presented in this paper. ESPAR antennas can realize beam scanning by dynamically changing the load impedance of the parasitic antenna element or the coupling capacitance between the driven and parasitic antennas. However, current ESPAR antennas lack the frequency tuning capability and therefore the useful frequency range is limited. Herein a frequency-reconfigurable ESPAR antenna is realized by providing frequency control on both driven and parasitic antenna elements. In full-wave simulations, it is shown that this ESPAR phased array antenna is able to change its resonant frequency from 0.87 to 0.95 GHz, which significantly extends the frequency range from a frequency-fixed ESPAR. In addition, at each operation frequency, this ESPAR is able to steer the beam from −20 to 20 degree, which is comparable to the beamsteering range of a frequency-fixed ESPAR.
Identifying and Promoting Transition Evidence-Based Practices and Predictors of Success: A Position Paper of the Division on Career Development and Transition.

This position paper describes the Division of Career Development and Transition’s stance and recommendations for identifying and promoting secondary transition evidence-based practices and predicto...
The Rise of Mammals

Mammalian synthetic biology represents a vibrant and growing technical discipline. As this nascent field matures, technologies for engineering sophisticated mammalian cell functions are enabling the development of novel therapies that address unmet medical needs. These transformative capabilities are likely to impact clinical practice in ways that have yet to be identified.
Development of Plain Language Supplemental Materials for the Biobank Informed Consent Process

The US Department of Health and Human Services addresses clear communication in the informed consent process as part of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for revisions to the Common Rule. However, prior research has shown that participants may not fully comprehend research studies despite completion of an informed consent process. Our main goal was to provide plain language information about donation processes to a cancer biobank to supplement an informed consent form. We developed and conducted cognitive testing with supplemental brochures that clearly communicated information about three different models for consent (notice, broad and study-specific) to future use of biospecimens. During the brochure development process, we conducted qualitative, semi-structured, individual, in-person cognitive interviews among 14 women to examine participants' perceptions of the brochures. Each participant provided feedback regarding the understandability, graphics and layout, and cultural appropriateness of the brochures. Our findings demonstrate that these methods may be used to tailor consent form brochures, such as the ones developed here, to other populations. This study therefore adds to our understanding of how best to present content to help women from two different racial groups make informed decisions about participation in a cancer biobank.
Interpreting AMS Radiocarbon Age Determinations from Selected Central Plains Tradition Sites

We report 45 newly-obtained dates for selected Central Plains tradition sites. Of these, 39 dates are from sites assigned to the Smoky Hill phase of central and north-central Kansas; the other six are from sites assigned to the Steed-Kisker phase or south end of the Nebraska phase. All dates were assayed by AMS dating, and all were run on annual plants or residue from ceramics. Before assessing the chronology as reflected by these dates, we consider the advantages of using annual deposits rather than wood charcoal for dating and illustrate the practical effects for Central Plains tradition chronology by comparing the distribution of ages of previously-obtained age determinations on wood charcoal with the distribution of ages on annual plants. The analysis shows that dating annual plants produces a tighter and more objectively interpreted age distribution. The calibrated dates are then evaluated and the implications for Central Plains tradition chronology are discussed.
How Do Visual and Parietal Cortex Contribute to Visual Short-Term Memory?

Visual short-term memory (VSTM) enables the representation and manipulation of information no longer present in the sensorium. VSTM storage has long been associated with sustained increases in univariate activity (eg, averaged single-neuron spike counts or fMRI activation levels) across a broad network of frontal and parietal cortical areas (for review, see D’Esposito and Postle, 2015). More recently, several research groups have used multivariate analytical techniques to “decode” or infer the identity of a remembered visual stimulus from multivariate fMRI responses measured in human visual cortical areas (eg, V1–V4) during the delay period of a VSTM task, even though these areas typically do not show sustained increases in activity during VSTM storage (Harrison and Tong, 2009; Serences et al., 2009; Riggall and Postle, 2012; Emrich et al., 2013; van Bergen et al., 2015). However, virtually all of these studies have used simple designs that require participants to remember information over a blank delay period. In many real world scenarios, information must be stored despite a constant barrage of dynamic and unpredictable sensory input. How does the brain accomplish this goal? A recent human neuroimaging paper by Bettencourt and Xu (2016) attempted to answer precisely this question. In their Experiment 1, participants were shown a sequence of two tilted gratings and retroactively cued to remember the orientation of either the first or the second grating. Following a blank delay period, participants judged whether the orientation of a probe grating was tilted slightly clockwise or anticlockwise of the remembered orientation. During the first half of experimental blocks, participants remembered the cued orientation over a blank delay (no-distractor blocks). During the second half of blocks, the delay period was filled with a sequence of …
Incommensurability Between Morality and Prudential Rationality

A puzzle about morality and prudential rationality is that we want to always act both morally and rationally (i.e., prudentially) but sometimes we cannot. Many contemporary Western philosophers try to solve the puzzle by showing that morality and prudential rationality are always consistent or showing that one is always superior to the other, but, as I shall argue, this is impossible. I try to show that the incommensurability between the grounds of moral reasons and agent-relative reasons makes objective comparison between the powers of the two kinds of reasons impossible. Therefore we cannot prove that morality and prudential rationality are always consistent or that one is always superior to the other. If we still want to determine what the agent has most reason to do when the two sorts of reasons conflict in a particular situation, what we can do, at most, is to appeal to reflective public opinion, which is justified by intuitions of the majority of the rational people in a community who really understand the relevant situation.
Principle and Application of Sampling Estimation for Unequal Probability

Sampling estimation for unequal probability is a very effective method for sample inference,and is applied to practice extensively.It adopts the probability sampling method of unequal probability sampling correction and can makes up the insufficiency of equal probability sampling estimation in the spot check.Taking the case of estimating the international tourist arrivals from the whole country in 2007,based on the unequal probability sampling theory,the author takes samples and adopts the proper way to measure and calculate in order to improve the efficiency of sampling estimation.
Intricate functions of matrix metalloproteinases in physiological and pathological conditions

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a diverse group of proteolytic enzymes and play an important role in the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In normal physiological conditions, MMPs are usually minimally expressed. Despite their low expression, MMPs have been implicated in many cellular processes ranging from embryological development to apoptosis. The activity of MMPs is controlled at three different stages: (1) transcription; (2) zymogen activation; and (3) inhibition of active forms by tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases (TIMPs). They can collectively degrade any component of ECM and basement membrane, and their excessive activity has been linked to numerous pathologies mainly including, but not limited to, tumor invasion and metastasis. The lack of information about several MMPs and the steady stream of new discoveries suggest that there is much more to be studied in this field. In particular, there is a need for controlling their expression in disease states. Various studies over the past 30 years have found that each MMP has a specific mode of activation, action, and inhibition. Drugs specifically targeting individual MMPs could revolutionize the treatment of a great number of health conditions and tremendously reduce their burden. In this review article, we have summarized the recent advances in understanding the role of MMPs in physiological and pathological conditions. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2599-2621, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unsupervised Gaussian Mixture-Model With Expectation Maximization for Detecting Glaucomatous Progression in Standard Automated Perimetry Visual Fields

To validate Gaussian mixture-model with expectation maximization (GEM) and variational Bayesian independent component analysis mixture-models (VIM) for detecting glaucomatous progression along visual field (VF) defect patterns (GEM-progression of patterns (POP) and VIM-POP). To compare GEM-POP and VIM-POP with other methods.GEM and VIM models separated cross-sectional abnormal VFs from 859 eyes and normal VFs from 1117 eyes into abnormal and normal clusters. Clusters were decomposed into independent axes. The confidence limit (CL) of stability was established for each axis with a set of 84 stable eyes. Sensitivity for detecting progression was assessed in a sample of 83 eyes with known progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy (PGON). Eyes were classified as progressed if any defect pattern progressed beyond the CL of stability. Performance of GEM-POP and VIM-POP was compared to point-wise linear regression (PLR), permutation analysis of PLR (PoPLR), and linear regression (LR) of mean deviation (MD), and visual field index (VFI).Sensitivity and specificity for detecting glaucomatous VFs were 89.9% and 93.8%, respectively, for GEM and 93.0% and 97.0%, respectively, for VIM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve areas for classifying progressed eyes were 0.82 for VIM-POP, 0.86 for GEM-POP, 0.81 for PoPLR, 0.69 for LR of MD, and 0.76 for LR of VFI.GEM-POP was significantly more sensitive to PGON than PoPLR and linear regression of MD and VFI in our sample, while providing localized progression information.Detection of glaucomatous progression can be improved by assessing longitudinal changes in localized patterns of glaucomatous defect identified by unsupervised machine learning.
A One-Stage Surgical Approach to Ectopic Ureterocele

AbstractWhenever a ureterectomy for treatment of ectopic ureterocele is appropriate total extravesical excision avoiding a ureteral stump is the preferred approach to avoid a pyoureter or alternating diverticulum and possible surgical complications from an intravesical procedure in small infants and children with large and distorting ectopic ureteroceles.
Extending Symbolic Convergence Theory: A Shared Identity Perspective of a Team’s Culture

This study addresses theoretical and contextual weaknesses of symbolic convergence theory (SCT) through a fantasy theme analysis of a life enrichment group (i.e., an all-female club rugby team). By...
Ergodicity and Central Limit Theorems for Markov Processes

There are several contexts in the theory of Markov processes in which the term ergodicity is used, but in all of these, assertions of the form