cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of brachytherapy in management of locally recurrent rectal cancer.

PURPOSE: Locally recurrent rectal cancer is associated with poor quality of life and has justified aggressive surgical and adjuvant approaches to control the disease. This study was designed to evaluate if the use of brachytherapy in association with wide surgical excision (debulking operation) can offer reasonable palliation for patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with biopsy-proven locally recurrent rectal cancer who were not candidates for intraoperative radiation therapy and who were previously considered as having unresectable tumors were included in the study and were followed-up from May 1981 to November 1990. All of them had undergone laparotomy and had either radical or debulking surgical resection performed. At the same time, brachytherapy was used with temporary or permanent implant of seeds of iridium-192 or iodine-125. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included. Patients ranged in age from 28 to 74 years, and 16 patients were female. No mortality was observed, and morbidity was low (small-bowel obstruction (1 patient), intestinal fistula (1 patient), and urinary fistula (1 patient). Histologic examination of the specimen showed gross residual disease in 67 percent of patients and microscopic disease in 25 percent of patients. Long-term follow-up was possible in 28 patients. Mean follow-up and local control were, respectively, 26.5 months and 37.5 percent for gross residual disease and 34 months and 66 percent for microscopic residual disease. Eighteen patients (64 percent) had locally recurrent rectal cancer under control at the time of the last follow-up, with seven patients (25 percent) having no evidence of local or distant recurrence. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of brachytherapy for locally recurrent rectal cancer. This appears to offer a therapeutic alternative to patients who are not candidates for intraoperative radiation therapy. Surgical morbidity and mortality are acceptable. Local control in 18 patients (64 percent) is comparable with intraoperative radiation therapy or more morbid surgical alternatives. Cancer-related deaths are most often related to disseminated disease, which suggests the need for systemic therapy in addition to brachytherapy.
A Model for Current Sheets and Reconnection in X-Ray Bright Points

X-ray bright points are believed to result from the interaction of two small magnetic features of opposite polarity. As these features move apart, flux interconnecting them can become disconnected and joined to the overlying magnetic field. For features moving toward one another this process will occur in reverse. In either case this magnetic reconnection occurs at the separator field line. Assuming that reconnection can occur only after it is "triggered," the process will heat the plasma nearby the separator, thereby giving rise to the X-ray brightening. This can be quantified using a recent model of current sheet formation and reconnection along separators. Application of this model predicts the heating from reconnection based on the observable magnetic quantities of flux, field strength, and polar separation. In addition, the model predicts morphological aspects of the bright points such as the apparent angle between the axes of the X-ray loop and the magnetic bipole.
Rapid automated quantitation of isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine from dried blood filter paper specimens.

Abstract Isothermal and isocratic HPLC chromatography for rapid quantitation of isoleucine and leucine (merged peak), tyrosine and phenylalanine from a single dried blood filter paper specimen ( 1 8“ dot blot) is described. The net chromatography time of the relevant peaks is less than 3 min. The results can be used to screen for PKU, MSUD, and tyrosinemia in one single assay. The advantage for early determination of PKU by simultaneous quantitation of both phenylalanine and tyrosine with the determination of their ratio is discussed. Using a dual column system this procedure might be suitable for large-scale newborn screening.
Immunogenicity of mycobacterial vesicles in humans: identification of a new tuberculosis antibody biomarker.

Summary Biomarkers for active tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed. Mycobacteria produce membrane vesicles (MVs) that contain concentrated immune-modulatory factors that are released into the host. We evaluated the human immune responses to BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis MVs to characterize the antibody responses and identify potentially novel TB biomarkers. Serological responses to MVs were evaluated by ELISAs and immunoblots with sera from 16 sputum smear-positive, 12 smear-negative HIV uninfected pulmonary TB patients and 16 BCG vaccinated Tuberculin skin-test positive controls with and without latent tuberculosis infection. MVs from both BCG and M. tuberculosis induced similar responses and were strongly immunogenic in TB patients but not in controls. Several MV-associated antigens appear to induce robust antibody responses, in particular the arabinomanan portion of the cell wall glycolipid lipoarabinomannan. Three proteins at ∼36, 25, and 23 kDa were simultaneously recognized by sera from 16/16 smear-positive, 9/12 smear-negative TB patients and 0/16 controls. These results provide promise and encouragement that antibody responses to proteins enriched in MVs of pathogenic mycobacteria may constitute a novel TB biomarker signature that could have diagnostic information.
Determination of paleoheat flux from vitrinite reflectance data, and from sterane and hopane isomer data

Abstract This paper describes paleoheat flux determinations by inversion from the independent thermal indicators vitrinite reflectance, and sterane and hopane isomer data, for a single well, well X, from the northern North Sea. When compared and contrasted these inversions give the same paleoheat flux variation with time to within error assessment of the data quality and the inversion schemes. This consistency provides firm corroborative support for the basic underpinning physics and chemistry used to describe the three indicators, since if a significant error were being made then no such consistency would be expected, contrary to determination. In addition, by exhaustive trial and error searches to determine a minimum residual mis-match between theory and observations, we obtain estimates of 50 ± 40 kJ mol −1 and 20 ± 40 kJ mol −1 for the activation energies of sterane isomerization and hopane isomerization, respectively. A neighboring well, Y, within 10 km of well X had sufficient hopane isomer data for inversion to be performed. It, too, yielded an activation energy of 30 ± 30 kJ mol −1 — confirming the result obtained in well X, as well as providing an assessment of the accuracy of this method of determining chemical parameters. Well Z, within 50 km, had just sufficient sterane isomer data for an inversion to be performed. It yielded an activation energy of 140 ± 100 kJ mol −1 — comparable to that from well X. The consistency of the three independently determined paleoheat flux variations with time, and of the chemical activation energies, strongly implies that the inversion of different downhole thermal indicator data is a valid technique, yielding consistent behavior. This is important to the assessment of the thermal history of source rocks since it can form the basis for a systematic method of assessing basinal thermal maturity, independent of model behaviors assumed for paleoheat flux without supporting evidence.
A Size-Distance Scaling Demonstration Based on the Holway-Boring Experiment.

We explored size–distance scaling with a demonstration based on the classic Holway–Boring experiment. Undergraduate psychology majors estimated the sizes of two glowing paper circles under two cond...
Adolescent Depression: Challenges and Opportunities: A Review and Current Recommendations for Clinical Practice

Many aspects of the treatment for adolescent depression are still uncertain. However, our body of knowledge continues to accumulate, and our approaches continue to be refined. When we remember that 40 years ago the field was still arguing about the existence of depression in youth, it is clear that significant progress has been made. Recent controversies have provided another opportunity to step back and re-evaluate. Given the chronicity, morbidity, and mortality associated with adolescent depression, the risks of doing nothing are too great. Evidence-based research has provided us with some direction during this unsettling time. After careful reviews, the major professional organizations representing pediatric medicine and psychiatry all support the continued use of SSRI antidepressant medications but emphasize close monitoring. The debates also have heightened interest in effective psychotherapy approaches, particularly CBT and IPT. Given the risk for suicidality in depressed adolescents, assessment and management of safety concerns remain critical, regardless of medication usage. Above all, it is most important that we remain hopeful about our ability to guide adolescents and families through the struggles with depression toward recovery.
Dynamic load-balanced manycasting over optical burst-switched (OBS) networks

Data-loss in optical-burst-switched networks primarily occur due to contention of bursts at core nodes. We propose two dynamic congestion-based load-balanced manycast-routing techniques, namely load-balanced SPT and load-balanced DM that significantly improve blocking-probability and end-to-end delay.
Characterizing Dose‐Response Relationships in Multiple Cancer Bioassays

In the evaluation of chemical compounds for carcinogenic risk, regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and National Toxicology Program (NTP) have traditionally fit a dose-response model to data from rodent bioassays, and then used the fitted model to estimate a Virtually Safe Dose or the dose corresponding to a very small increase (usually 10(-6)) in risk over background. Much recent interest has been directed at incorporating additional scientific information regarding the properties of the specific chemical under investigation into the risk assessment process, including biological mechanisms of cancer induction, metabolic pathways, and chemical structure and activity. Despite the fact that regulatory agencies are currently poised to allow use of nonlinear dose-response models based on the concept of an underlying threshold for nongenotoxic chemicals, there have been few attempts to investigate the overall relationship between the shape of dose-response curves and mutagenicity. Using data from an historical database of NTP cancer bioassays, the authors conducted a repeated-measures Analysis of the estimated shape from fitting extended Weibull dose-response curves. It was concluded that genotoxic chemicals have dose-response curves that are closer to linear than those for nongenotoxic chemicals, though on average, both types of compounds have dose-response curves that are convex and the effect of genotoxicity is small.
Measuring Race and Hispanic Origin: Cognitive Test Findings Searching for ‘‘Truth’’

Mesurer la race et les origines hispaniques : Resultats de tests cognitifs a la recherche de la « verite » : Cette recherche presente une tentative de l’US Census Bureau pour creer une norme, ‘‘etalon-or’’, pour l’appreciation des auto-declaratin de race afin d’evaluer la performance d’un groupe experimental de questions portant sur la race et les origines hispaniques. Pour ce faire, le sujet est interroge sur sa race de trois facons : (1) une question ouverte qui permet a l’enquete de s’auto-identifier avec n’importe quelle race ou origines hispaniques; (2) une serie de questions oui/non destinees a mesurer l’identification avec des categories de race du gouvernement des Etats-Unis et d’origine hispanique ; et (3) une mesure de synthese qui tente de recueillir les reponses habituelles ou typiques de l’enquete aux questions portant sur la race et l’origine hispanique. Nous soutenons qu’aucune mesure prise isolement ne saisit la « verite » de race, mais qu’il est necessiare d’utiliser les trois mesures ens...
Crystal structures and small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of UDP-galactopyranose mutase from the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus

UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) is a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of UDP-galactopyranose to UDP-galactofuranose, which is a central reaction in galactofuranose biosynthesis. Galactofuranose has never been found in humans but is an essential building block of the cell wall and extracellular matrix of many bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. The importance of UGM for the viability of many pathogens and its absence in humans make UGM a potential drug target. Here we report the first crystal structures and small-angle x-ray scattering data for UGM from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, the causative agent of aspergillosis. The structures reveal that Aspergillus UGM has several extra secondary and tertiary structural elements that are not found in bacterial UGMs yet are important for substrate recognition and oligomerization. Small-angle x-ray scattering data show that Aspergillus UGM forms a tetramer in solution, which is unprecedented for UGMs. The binding of UDP or the substrate induces profound conformational changes in the enzyme. Two loops on opposite sides of the active site move toward each other by over 10 Å to cover the substrate and create a closed active site. The degree of substrate-induced conformational change exceeds that of bacterial UGMs and is a direct consequence of the unique quaternary structure of Aspergillus UGM. Galactopyranose binds at the re face of the FAD isoalloxazine with the anomeric carbon atom poised for nucleophilic attack by the FAD N5 atom. The structural data provide new insight into substrate recognition and the catalytic mechanism and thus will aid inhibitor design.
Bonding and Motional Aspects of CO Adsorbed on the Surface of Pt Nanoparticles Decorated with Pd

Spontaneous deposition of Pd onto catalytic grade Pt nanoparticles has been shown to yield Pt/Pd catalysts having enhanced catalytic activity toward formic acid oxidation, when compared to pure Pt- and Pd-black. Here, we report the results of electrochemical nuclear magnetic resonance (EC NMR) and electrochemical measurements of CO chemisorbed onto these Pt/Pd catalysts, to probe the nature of the CO chemisorption bond, as well as the motional behavior of adsorbed CO. The 13C NMR spectra are broad and can be deconvoluted into two peaks, assigned to CO adsorbed on Pt and Pd sites. From the temperature dependence of the spin−lattice relaxation rates, we conclude that CO chemisorbed on Pd undergoes fast diffusion. The activation energy (Ea) obtained from these results for CO on Pd is smaller than that found for CO adsorbed onto Pd nanoparticles supported on alumina. A two-band model analysis of the NMR data shows that the 5σ orbital of CO makes a significant contribution to the chemisorption bond of CO on Pd...
Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography for optical biopsy of lymph nodes and assessment of metastatic disease.

Background. Numerous techniques have been developed for localizing lymph nodes before surgical resection and for their histological assessment. Nondestructive high-resolution transcapsule optical imaging of lymph nodes offers the potential for in situ assessment of metastatic involvement, potentially during surgical procedures. Methods. Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3-D OCT) was used for imaging and assessing resected popliteal lymph nodes from a preclinical rat metastatic tumor model over a 9-day time-course study after tumor induction. The spectral-domain OCT system utilized a center wavelength of 800 nm, provided axial and transverse resolutions of 3 and 12 lm, respectively, and performed imaging at 10,000 axial scans per second. Results. OCT is capable of providing high-resolution labelfree images of intact lymph node microstructure based on intrinsic optical scattering properties with penetration depths of *1–2 mm. The results demonstrate that OCT is capable of differentiating normal, reactive, and metastatic lymph nodes based on microstructural changes. The optical scattering and structural changes revealed by OCT from day 3 to day 9 after the injection of tumor cells into the lymphatic system correlate with inflammatory and immunological changes observed in the capsule, precortical regions, follicles, and germination centers found during histopathology. Conclusions. We report for the first time a longitudinal study of 3-D transcapsule OCT imaging of intact lymph nodes demonstrating microstructural changes during metastatic infiltration. These results demonstrate the potential of OCT as a technique for intraoperative, real-time in situ 3-D optical biopsy of lymph nodes for the intraoperative staging of cancer.
Application-layer group communication server for extending reliable multicast protocols services

Reliable multicast protocols are becoming an essential element in distributed applications such as interactive distance learning applications. However, the existing implementations of reliable multicast protocols are not sufficient to satisfy the group communications requirements of some distributed applications. Our experience of using number of multicast protocols in IRI distance learning applications shows the necessity of providing an application-layer reliable multicast server (RMS) to extend the primitive group communication services provided by such multicast protocols. Examples of such services include handling heterogeneous environments (such as LAN vs. WAN networks and different reliable multicast protocols), automatic fault recovery and simple application interface. In this paper, we motivate and describe the design and the implementation of RMS architecture which has been used in IRI learning sessions for two semesters. We also show how RMS improves the reliability, performance and flexibility of IRI sessions via supporting extended group communication services.
REVIEW OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND THEIR ROLE IN ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT

Studies on the genetic basis of addiction indicate that the tendency to develop alcoholism is inherited. In addition, alcoholism appears to be associated with a specific neurochemical disorder. Research has focused on the mesolimbic system, which is associated with the ability to feel pleasure (i.e. hypothalamic control centres are related to daily survival activities, and the medial forebrain bundle is involved in the positive reinforcement of addictive drugs). Current findings support the hypothesis that a neurochemical deficiency causes alcohol-dependent individuals to drink. Thus, pharmacotherapy may play an important part in treating those who are not helped by psychosocial therapy alone. Future therapies may include agents that block, enhance, or normalize neurotransmitter function as well as genetically engineered agents that could target a specific cause of alcoholism.
Effect of self‐administered stretching on NIRS‐measured oxygenation dynamics

This study determined human skeletal muscle oxygenation dynamics during and after a single bout of self-administered stretching (SAS) of the plantar flexors. Nine healthy recreationally fit men (n = 7; age = 257 years) and women (n = 2; age = 235 years) performed two protocols: (i) one bout of SAS for 4 min and (ii) one bout of moderate intensity cycling for 4 min. We used near infrared spectroscopy to measure changes in muscle deoxygenated haemoglobin– myoglobin ([HHb]) and blood volume ([Hbtot]) of gastrocnemius medialis muscle before, during and after stretching. The SAS caused an increase (P<005) in [HHb] during stretching between 60 and 240 s relative to baseline, but not at 30 s. No significant difference was found for [Hbtot] at any time interval during SAS. Furthermore, the increase in local blood flow (suggested by [Hbtot] changes) was found to be significantly increased relative to baseline at 1, 5 and 10 min after SAS, thus providing novel evidence for a poststretch hyperaemia. No significant interaction for [HHb] was found between stretching and cycling conditions, suggesting that the metabolic disturbance during stretching closely resembles moderate intensity exercise. These findings suggest that a single self-administered stretch for 60 s can produce a substantial microcirculatory event and that blood flow may be enhanced for up to 10 min after stretching.
Tissue-Specific, Tumor-Selective, Replication-Competent Adenovirus Vector for Cancer Gene Therapy

We have previously described two replication-competent adenovirus vectors, named KD1 and KD3, for potential use in cancer gene therapy. KD1 and KD3 have two small deletions in the E1A gene that restrict efficient replication of these vectors to human cancer cell lines. These vectors also have increased capacity to lyse cells and spread from cell to cell because they overexpress the adenovirus death protein, an adenovirus protein required for efficient cell lysis and release of adenovirus from the cell. We now describe a new vector, named KD1-SPB, which is the KD1 vector with the E4 promoter replaced by the promoter for surfactant protein B (SPB). SPB promoter activity is restricted in the adult to type II alveolar epithelial cells and bronchial epithelial cells. Because KD1-SPB has the E1A mutations, it should replicate within and destroy only alveolar and bronchial cancer cells. We show that KD1-SPB replicates, lyses cells, and spreads from cell to cell as well as does KD1 in H441 cells, a human cancer cell line where the SPB promoter is active. KD1-SPB replicates, lyses cells, and spreads only poorly in Hep3B liver cancer cells. Replication was determined by expression of the E4ORF3 protein, viral DNA accumulation, fiber synthesis, and virus yield. Cell lysis and vector spread were measured by lactate dehydrogenase release and a "vector spread" assay. In addition to Hep3B cells, KD1-SPB also did not express E4ORF3 in HT29.14S (colon), HeLa (cervix), KB (nasopharynx), or LNCaP (prostate) cancer cell lines, in which the SPB promoter is not expected to be active. Following injection into H441 or Hep3B tumors growing in nude mice, KD1-SPB caused a three- to fourfold suppression of growth of H441 tumors, similar to that seen with KD1. KD1-SPB had only a minimal effect on the growth of Hep3B tumors, whereas KD1 again caused a three- to fourfold suppression. These results establish that the adenovirus E4 promoter can be replaced by a tissue-specific promoter in a replication-competent vector. The vector has three engineered safety features: the tissue-specific promoter, the mutations in E1A that preclude efficient replication in nondividing cells, and a deletion of the E3 genes which shield the virus from attack by the immune system. KD1-SPB may have use in treating human lung cancers in which the SPB promoter is active.
Structural implications for selective targeting of PARPs

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a family of enzymes that use NAD+ as a substrate to synthesize polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) as post-translational modifications of proteins. PARPs have important cellular roles that include preserving genomic integrity, telomere maintenance, transcriptional regulation, and cell fate determination. The diverse biological roles of PARPs have made them attractive therapeutic targets, which have fueled the pursuit of small molecule PARP inhibitors. The design of PARP inhibitors has matured over the past several years resulting in several lead candidates in clinical trials. PARP inhibitors are mainly used in clinical trials to treat cancer, particularly as sensitizing agents in combination with traditional chemotherapy to reduce side effects. An exciting aspect of PARP inhibitors is that they are also used to selectivity kill tumors with deficiencies in DNA repair proteins (e.g. BRCA1/2) through an approach termed “synthetic lethality.” In the midst of the tremendous efforts that have brought PARP inhibitors to the forefront of modern chemotherapy, most clinically used PARP inhibitors bind to conserved regions that permits cross-selectivity with other PARPs containing homologous catalytic domains. Thus, the differences between therapeutic effects and adverse effects stemming from pan-PARP inhibition compared to selective inhibition are not well understood. In this review, we discuss current literature that has found ways to gain selectivity for one PARP over another. We furthermore provide insights into targeting other domains that make up PARPs, and how new classes of drugs that target these domains could provide a high degree of selectivity by affecting specific cellular functions. A clear understanding of the inhibition profiles of PARP inhibitors will not only enhance our understanding of the biology of individual PARPs, but may provide improved therapeutic options for patients.
A quantitative light microscopic study of the bullfrog amphibian papilla tectorium: Correlation with the tonotopic organization

The height, width and cross-sectional area of the bullfrog amphibian papilla tectorial membrane were quantitatively analysed from frontal serial sections. The cross-sectional area (which is a measure of mass) of the tectorium does not appear to be linearly graded along the length of the papilla, but rather spatial gradations occur in more or less a step-wise manner. The spatially graded area (or mass) is well correlated with the width of the tectorium and their relationships with the tonotopic organization of the amphibian papilla are discussed.
Excision of Uveal Melanomas: A 15-Year Experience

A 15-year experience with excision of selected uveal melanomas indicates that the human eye does not tolerate a dissection of an intraocular tumor exceeding 10 mm in diameter. Twenty-seven out of 35 eyes retained useful vision. Three cases required enucleation after excision, two of these owing to tumor recurrence. Only one tumor death has occurred, five years and four months after excision.
Cannibalism of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic corn versus non-Bt corn.

Because of the importance of cannibalism in population regulation of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, Zea mays L., it is useful to understand the interactions between Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic corn and cannibalism. To determine the effects of Bt corn on cannibalism in H. zea, pairs of the same or different instars were taken from Bt or non-Bt corn and placed on artificial diet in proximity. Cannibalism occurred in 91% of pairs and was ≈7% greater for pairs of larvae reared from Bt transgenic corn (95%) than from non-Bt corn (88%). Also, first instar by first instar pairs had a lower rate of cannibalism than other pairs. Time until cannibalism was not different for larvae from Bt corn versus non-Bt corn. Pupation rate of cannibals and surviving victims was not different for pairs from Bt corn versus non-Bt corn. Finally, cannibalism increased pupation rate of cannibals from both Bt and non-Bt corn by ≈23 and 12%, respectively, although the increases were not significant. Thus, negative effects of Bt on larvae were compensated by increased cannibalism in comparison with larvae reared on non-Bt corn, which increased larval survival to levels comparable with larvae reared on non-Bt plants.
A simple hydraulic drive for remote control of the Huxley-style micromanipulator

Electrodeposited metal bellows permit the construction of simple, reliable, and inexpensive hydraulic drives for the Huxley-style micromanipulator. This approach enables precise remote control of micromanipulation without introducing conductive leads or other potential sources of electrical noise near the experimental system. Moreover, the bellows arrangement preserves a stability and reproducibility in the positioning of the heavier transducers that is not matched by other hydraulic micromanipulators. The small size of the hydraulic coupler enables easy installation, and it can be adapted to preexisting manipulators. Importantly, the manipulator's original micrometer control is preserved, a feature that allows the investigator to tailor the apparatus for novel arrangements for micromanipulation.
War of the Black Heavens: The Battles of Western Broadcasting in the Cold War: Michael Nelson, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997. 300 pp.

(1999). War of the Black Heavens: The Battles of Western Broadcasting in the Cold War. American Journalism: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 118-119.
Adsorptive Separation and Sequestration of Krypton, I and C14 on Diamond Nanoparticles

The objective of this research proposal was to address the separation and sequestration of Kr and I from each other using nano-sized diamond particles and retaining these in diamond until they decay to the background level or can be used as a byproduct. Following removal of Kr and I, an adsorbent will be used to adsorb and store CO2 from the CO2 rich stream. A Field Enhanced Diffusion with Optical Activation (FEDOA-a large scale process that takes advantage of thermal, electrical, and optical activation to enhance the diffusion of an element into diamond structure) was used to load Kr and I on micron or nano sized particles having a larger relative surface area. The diamond particles can be further increased by doping it with boron followed by irradiation in a neutron flux. Previous studies showed that the hydrogen storage capacity could be increased significantly by using boron-doped irradiated diamond particles. Diamond powders were irradiated for a longer time by placing them in a quartz tube. The surface area was measured using a Quantachrome Autosorb system. No significant increase in the surface area was observed. Total surface area was about 1.7 m2/g. This suggests the existence of very minimal pores. Interestinglymore » it showed hysteresis upon desorption. A reason for this may be strong interaction between the surface and the nitrogen molecules. Adsorption runs at higher temperatures did not show any adsorption of krypton on diamond. Use of a GC with HID detector to determine the adsorption capacity from the breakthrough curves was attempted, but experimental difficulties were encountered.« less
The Relevance of Academic Research in OSCM Practice.

ABSTRACTThe authors examine the relevance of academic research for operations and supply chain management (OSCM) professionals. Members of a major metropolitan APICS chapter were surveyed. Consistent with prior research, findings indicate that OSCM practitioners prefer trade journal articles to academic research. Nonetheless, respondents indicate interest in academic research; respondents engaged in consulting indicated the most interest. Further, findings suggest a mismatch exists between topics of interest to practitioners and the more prevalent academic research topics.
Treatment of adult ADHD and comorbid depression.

As a general principle, separate treatments are often needed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid psychiatric disorders. There are few treatments for mood disorders that also treat ADHD, and vice versa. This discussion will review the literature on agents that are effective for both disorders, or that may potentially be combined. Physicians must bear in mind that none of these agents is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of comorbid ADHD and depression.
Effect of oxide layer formation on deformation of aluminum alloys under fire conditions

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structural behavior of aluminum alloys used in the aerospace industry when exposed to conditions similar to those of an accident scenario, such as a ...
Queer creative critical compositionism

Part rant, part manifesto and part call to action, Queer Creative Critical Compositionism is a hailing, informed by practice-based, queer, feminist materialist tendencies. This call to materialists, digital humanists, makers, scholars and humanists at large urges us to keep a critical engagement in play but to extend our critical capacities to making and composing, understood broadly across disciplines, methods, fields and practices of scholarship, teaching, and learning, including digital media, computation and making. It insists on the value of approaches learned through cultural studies as we confront liberal arts education in the face of climate change, financialization and big data, as well as large scale technological shifts in the world and theoretical shifts in the academy.
Attenuation of short wavelengths alters sleep and the ipRGC pupil response

Purpose Exposure to increasing amounts of artificial light during the night may contribute to the high prevalence of reported sleep dysfunction. Release of the sleep hormone melatonin is mediated by the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). This study sought to investigate whether melatonin level and sleep quality can be modulated by decreasing night-time input to the ipRGCs. Methods Subjects (ages 17–42, n = 21) wore short wavelength-blocking glasses prior to bedtime for 2 weeks. The ipRGC-mediated post illumination pupil response was measured before and after the experimental period. Stimulation was presented with a ganzfeld stimulator, including one-second and five-seconds of long and short wavelength light, and the pupil was imaged with an infrared camera. Pupil diameter was measured before, during and for 60 s following stimulation, and the six-second and 30 s post illumination pupil response and area under the curve following light offset were determined. Subjects wore an actigraph device for objective measurements of activity, light exposure, and sleep. Saliva samples were collected to assess melatonin content. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered to assess subjective sleep quality. Results Subjects wore the blue-blocking glasses 3:57 ± 1:03 h each night. After the experimental period, the pupil showed a slower redilation phase, resulting in a significantly increased 30 s post illumination pupil response to one-second short wavelength light, and decreased area under the curve for one and five-second short wavelength light, when measured at the same time of day as baseline. Night time melatonin increased from 16.1 ± 7.5 pg mL−1 to 25.5 ± 10.7 pg mL−1 (P < 0.01). Objectively measured sleep duration increased 24 min, from 408.7 ± 44.9 to 431.5 ± 42.9 min (P < 0.001). Mean PSQI score improved from 5.6 ± 2.9 to 3.0 ± 2.2. Conclusions The use of short wavelength-blocking glasses at night increased subjectively measured sleep quality and objectively measured melatonin levels and sleep duration, presumably as a result of decreased night-time stimulation of ipRGCs. Alterations in the ipRGC-driven pupil response suggest a shift in circadian phase. Results suggest that minimising short wavelength light following sunset may help in regulating sleep patterns.
Space-Frequency Parallel Transmitter Diversity Techniques for Three Pre-Coded OFDM Systems

This brief presents three space-frequency (SF) pre-coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems to combat inter-carrier interference in mobile fading channels without knowing the channel state information at the transmitter. First, a $2{\times }1$ SF architecture is developed to form a $2{\times }1$ SF-OFDM system. Second, the parallel cancellation scheme is integrated with this SF-OFDM system to form a new SFPC-OFDM system. Third, three orthogonal transforms, Walsh–Hadamard (WH), Haar, and Slant, are employed as the pre-coder to form WHSFPC-, HAARSFPC-, and SLANTSFPC-OFDM systems. All three pre-coded systems improve bit error rate without expanding power or bandwidth in comparing with the SFPC scheme. Simulations indicate that both WHSFPC- and SLANTSFPC-OFDM systems outperform both SFPC- and HAARSFPC-OFDM systems, while SFPC-OFDM systems outperform SF-OFDM systems. All three pre-coded SFPC schemes are simple and backward compatible with the existing OFDM system. They may serve as baseband building blocks in OFDM transceivers and can be expanded to multiple input and multiple output systems.
Maternal Obesity and Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birthweight in Hawaii PRAMS, 2000–2011

Objective Maternal obesity is a risk factor for preterm birth, a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI) have high rates of poor birth outcomes. Despite the high rates of obesity in NHOPI in Hawaii, the association with preterm birth has not been examined in this population. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of 20,061 women using data collected by Hawaii’s Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from 2000 to 2011. We investigated the contribution of maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational diabetes, hypertension, race, socioeconomic status, and smoking to our primary outcomes of preterm birth and low birthweight using multivariable logistic regression, stratified by NHOPI versus non-NHOPI race. Results Pre-pregnancy obesity was more common in NHOPI than non-NHOPI women (23.9 and 10.5%, respectively; p < 0.01). Overall, the risk for preterm birth increased with maternal obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0; aOR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.06–1.45, p < 0.01), compared with normal weight women. Among NHOPI women, the prevalence of preterm birth was elevated compared with non-NHOPI women although the prevalence of low birth weight was lower. After adjusting for confounders, risk for preterm birth and low birth weight were elevated in NHOPI women compared with White women. Maternal obesity did not significantly affect the risk of prematurity within the NHOPI group. Conclusions for Practice Our study demonstrates an association between maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and preterm deliveries in Hawaii. NHOPI have high rates of pre-pregnancy obesity as well as increased risk of both preterm delivery and low birthweight when compared to White women. Further data are needed to assess interactions between race, maternal health, and neonatal morbidity, and to identify ways to improve birth outcomes for minority populations in the state of Hawaii.
Unraveling the Neocolonial Epistemologies: Decolonizing Research toward Transformative Literacy.

For many years, research epistemologies and methodologies have been influenced by colonial perspectives in knowledge production. The focus of this article is to discuss ways in which research can b...
Inventory productivity impacts of IT-enabled supply chain coordination in manufacturing environments

This chapter describes an empirical analysis of the mediating effects of supply chain coordination strategy and manufacturing IT infrastructure on the relationship between business complexity and inventory turnover. Business complexity describes the diversity and volatility associated with a firm's product markets. To cope with this complexity, firms deploy inventory buffers. This deployment should decrease inventory turnover. An extensive manufacturing IT infrastructure can increase a firm's "sense and respond" capability, reducing the need for buffers, and can thereby improve inventory turnover. As this technology enables enhanced coordination, and as firms' efforts to reduce buffers within their own organizational boundaries earn diminishing marginal returns, firms attempt to optimize performance across organizational boundaries within the supply chain, i.e., adopt a cooperative supply chain coordination strategy. This supply chain coordination should improve inventory turnover.
ACTIVE OXYGEN—FACT OR FANCY

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the validity of active oxygen. The central role of oxygen in the function of complex metabolic reactions associated with cellular homeostasis has fascinated scientists since the discovery of oxygen by Priestly slightly over 2 centuries ago followed closely by the classic studies of Lavoisier. Critical to the further understanding of cytochrome P-450 function is the definition of the reaction of oxygen with the substrate molecule to be hydroxylated. The preponderance of the evidence to date suggests that cytochrome P-450 plays a central role in the activation of oxygen, although a concomitant role for cytochrome P-450 in the activation of the substrate molecule cannot be excluded. Present interest in hydrogen peroxide formation and utilization may provide the needed scapel for the incisive dissection of the mysterious corpus embodied by the ternary complex of an organic substrate molecule, a poorly understood hemeprotein, and an undefined state of oxygen. A creditable answer to the question whether active oxygen is a fact or fancy can only be established with development of new methodologies and the ingenuity of the laboratory scientists.
Singular Adaptive Multi-Role Intelligent Personal Assistant (SAM-IPA) for Human Computer Interaction

Intelligent Personal Assistance are poised to become the primary and most significant Human Computer Interface in the near future. This is attributed to advancements in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Internet of Things, Natural Language Processing and Data Sciences. A range of generic as well as specialized IPAs are being researched and developed by industry. Despite security and privacy issues, the adoption and utility of these agents is increasing. This paper proposes a singular adaptive multi-role IPA (SAM-IPA) that goes beyond scheduling and search facilities to handling multidimensional IoT as well as application data. SAM-IPA will not only act as a singular HCI responsible for delegation of multifarious tasks on behalf of the user but will also increase awareness via IoT and adapt based on ML over BigData. The proposed SAM-IPA will leverage the application interface communication mechanisms and technology potentials in the foreseeable horizon thereby drawing concrete findings while identifying research areas needing deliberation.
IMEX America, Las Vegas, Nevada, October 14–15, 2014

The Faculty Engagement Program, held in conjunction with IMEX America in Las Vegas, Nevada, on October 14 and 15, 2014, reported its largest attendance with over 40 faculty representing 22 domestic...
Nuts and Bolts of Ventilator Management: When Is Invasive or Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Appropriate for Your Patient?

Management of the patient with respiratory failure is a common though possibly intimidating situation for the emergency surgeon. With various treatment options, both invasive and noninvasive available, a detailed understanding of the risks and benefits of each is crucial. Additionally, an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the patient’s respiratory failure and surgical condition is necessary. With this, one may evaluate the clinical situation at hand and apply one of these treatment strategies, in order to support the patient in respiratory failure.
Integration of Informatics Content in Baccalaureate and Graduate Nursing Education: An Updated Status Report.

Background The American Association of Colleges of Nursing identified informatics and health care technology as an essential component of baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral education, but schools still struggle to effectively deliver this core knowledge. Purpose The purpose of this study was to provide an update of the 2013 status report on the integration of informatics in nursing education. Method The top twenty-five 2018 US News & World Report Best Online Nursing Programs were reviewed for courses with technology, computers, informatics, statistics, or research in the title. Findings Sixty-seven percent of the schools with master's programs and more than 80% of the DNP programs included at least 1 informatics course. Schools with online BSN courses had about the same number of programs with informatics courses as the 2013 report. Conclusion While there was some improvement in the number of informatics courses in the programs reviewed, faculty need support to overcome barriers to teaching informatics.
Laparoscopic Specimen Containment Using a Large Isolation Bag

Video Objective To demonstrate laparoscopic specimen containment for extraction using a large isolation bag inserted through the vagina. Setting A 41-year-old G2P2 who presented with an enlarged 18 weeks size myomatous uterus desiring definitive surgical management. Interventions Specimen placement into a large containment bag introduced into the abdomen through the vagina after total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy. Conclusion This video demonstrates a viable method of tissue containment for large specimens. This method allows for safe extraction and morcellation of contained specimens when required and appropriate.
An exploration of online shopping convenience dimensions and their associations with customer satisfaction

The purpose of this paper is to extend our understanding of shopping convenience and customer satisfaction in the context of online shopping. Employing the critical incident technique, the authors content-analyse 1,134 customer-generated reviews regarding 31 US online retailers' service performance. This study uncovers 51 original categories and further refines them into nine dimensions of online shopping convenience: access, search, evaluation/selection, configuration/customisation, transaction, delivery, possession/in-use, service recovery, and post-purchase communication convenience. Our findings indicate that, of the nine service convenience dimensions, four dimensions, such as delivery, service recovery, transaction, and possession/in-use convenience, tend to be the main sources of customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction.
Lipidomics reveals multiple stressor effects (temperature × mitochondrial toxicant) in the zebrafish embryo toxicity test.

Abstract Aquatic organisms are exposed to multiple stressors in the environment, including contaminants and rising temperatures due to climate change. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of increased temperature on chemical-induced toxicity and lipid profiles during embryonic development and hatch in fish. This is important because temperature and many environmental chemicals modulate cellular metabolism and lipids, both of which play integral roles for normal embryonic development. As such, we employed the zebrafish embryo toxicity test for multiple stressor exposures, using the mitochondrial toxicant 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP; 6–30 μM) in conjunction with different temperature treatments (28 °C and 33 °C). We found a positive relationship between temperature and lethality at lower DNP concentrations, suggesting temperature stress can increase toxicant sensitivity. Next, we used LC-MS/MS for lipidomics following exposure to sublethal stressor combinations. It was determined that temperature stress at 33 °C augmented DNP-induced effects on the lipidome, including the upregulation of bioactive lipids involved in apoptosis (e.g., ceramides). These data reveal potential implications for climate change and sensitivity to environmental pollution and demonstrate the utility of lipidomics to characterize metabolic pathways underlying toxicity. Data such as these are expected to advance adverse outcome pathways by establishing multiple stressor networks that include intermediate lipid responses.