cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P4-09-01: Impact of adherence to guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for breast cancer prevention in high-risk women

Background: Women who are at high-risk for breast cancer based upon their family history or benign breast disease are candidates for chemoprevention and other risk reduction strategies. Breast cancer risk factors such as obesity, lack of physical activity and alcohol consumption represent important modifiable behaviors to target for prevention due to their high prevalence and negative impact on multiple chronic diseases. We evaluated the effect of adherence to cancer prevention guidelines for body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet on breast cancer development and predictors of adherence to these guidelines among high-risk women. Methods: From 1991-2011, 2674 participants were enrolled to a prospective cohort study called the Women at Risk registry at the Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) breast clinic and 1600 evaluable patients had complete data and at least one follow-up visit. The study population included women who met one or more of the following criteria: 1) one or more first-degree relatives with premenopausal breast cancer; 2) two or more first-degree relatives with postmenopausal breast cancer; 3) known BRCA1 or BRCA2 deleterious mutation carrier; 4) a biopsy-proven history of atypical hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ. Women completed a baseline epidemiologic questionnaire and were followed for an average of 4.5 years during routine clinic visits with breast surgery. Using unconditional logistic regression, we examined the association between adherence to the following lifestyle factors and breast cancer risk among 90 prospectively-ascertained breast cancer cases and 1510 unaffected controls: 1) BMI of 18.5-25 kg/m2, 2) alcohol consumption of Results: Median age: 47 years; race/ethnicity, White/Hispanic/Black/Asian/other/unknown (%): 76/7/4/2/5/6; first-degree family history of breast cancer: 57%; benign breast disease: 60%; BMI of 18.5-25 kg/m2: 66%; consumption of Conclusion: Among high-risk women, being overweight or obese was associated with a 2.7-fold increased breast cancer risk compared to those with a lean body weight. Older women and non-white women were less likely to adhere to cancer prevention guidelines. We have identified a potentially modifiable breast cancer risk factor and vulnerable populations to target for breast cancer prevention. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-09-01.
Phonetic consequences of dynamic cross-linguistic interference in proficient bilinguals

Abstract This study investigates the production and perception of a Catalan-specific vowel contrast by a group of highly proficient, early-onset Catalan–Spanish bilinguals. Spanish has a mid-back vowel (/o/), while Catalan has two (/o/, / ɔ / ). Most importantly, the study manipulates the amount of activation of the Spanish lexicon in two experimental sessions to examine the transient aspects of cross-linguistic phonetic interference. In the first (unilingual) session speakers produce words in one of their languages only, Catalan. In the second (bilingual) session bilinguals produce words in both of their languages, in random order. The acoustic analysis consists of comparing the height of Catalan [o] and [ ɔ ] in the two sessions, as well as verifying whether bilinguals possess separate categories for these two vowels in the first place. The results show that the presence (vs. absence) of Spanish words in the task affects the realization of the two Catalan mid-back vowels by bilinguals. In particular, the two Catalan vowels become slightly more similar to Spanish [o] when they are pronounced alongside this vowel.
Endovascular intervention for tibial artery occlusive disease in patients with critical limb ischemia

Surgical bypass has traditionally been the gold standard for treating critical limb ischemia caused by isolated infrapopliteal arterial disease (IP CLI). However, as endovascular techniques continue to progress, they are increasingly applied to this patient population, especially to the high-risk surgical cohort or patients with limited surgical options. This enthusiasm to employ endovascular interventions in IP CLI is accompanied by persistent controversies, as demonstrated in the recent literature. Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty has been the predominant endovascular intervention applied to treat IP CLI and recent literature supports its role. The durability of percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty is limited, and thus this intervention is recommended for high-risk patients with limited life expectancy. Bare-metal stents for IP CLI currently do not have supportive data to warrant their use as a primary treatment. Newer drug-eluting stents improve patency and prevent restenosis, but they do not significantly improve patient clinical status compared with bare-metal stents alone. Drug-coated balloons are still relatively new tools in this arena and evidence of their safety and clear efficacy are still lacking. The data on atherectomy, in all of its forms, for IP CLI are overall variable, without any clear benefit to justify its increased complication risks and costs over other modalities. Use of retrograde tibial/pedal access for treating IP CLI as a viable alternative to antegrade access and treatment from a totally retrograde approach has recently been described. Level I evidence to aid in clarifying the true efficacy for each of these endovascular modalities is greatly needed. As we await these data, we must remember that, as with any arterial intervention, proper patient selection is extremely important and the intervention, whether endovascular or open surgical repair, should be tailored to the individual patient's anatomy and disease characteristics.
Mapping user relationships for health information diffusion on microblogging in China: A social network analysis of Sina Weibo

This study applies social network analysis to examining the pattern of relationships among networked users on Sina Weibo, the most popular social networking site in China. Focusing on verified (or V-) users and ordinary (non-V-) users, this study maps three centrality attributes of the social network, in terms of in/out degree, closeness, betweenness, along with cliques, in the dissemination and sharing of health-related information in the virtual community. Findings reveal a ‘spider web’ pattern of relationship among 50 V-users and 50 non-V-users during a regular period of time, highlighting the dominant position of the V-users for health-related information diffusion. Data analysis then reports a ‘drifting dandelion’ pattern of network among those who shared the information about a health-related incident on Weibo. This study also provides further information about the topical categories of health-related messages shared during the regular period as well as the topics concerning the incident. The implic...
Engulfment of Apoptotic Cells Is Negatively Regulated by Rho-mediated Signaling

The rapid and efficient phagocytosis of apoptotic cells plays a critical role in preventing secondary necrosis, inflammation as well as in tissue remodeling and regulating immune responses. However, the molecular details of engulfment are just beginning to be elucidated. Among the Rho family GTPases, previous studies have implicated a role for Rac and Cdc42 in the uptake of apoptotic cells by phagocytes, yet the role of Rho has remained unclear. Here, we present evidence that Rho-GTP levels decrease during engulfment. RhoA seems to negatively affect basal engulfment, such that inhibition of Rho-mediated signaling in phagocytes enhanced the uptake of apoptotic targets. Activation of endogenous Rho or overexpression of constitutively active forms of Rho also inhibited engulfment. By testing mutants of RhoA that selectively activate downstream effectors, the Rho-kinase seemed to be primarily responsible for this inhibitory effect. Taken together, these data suggest that inhibition of Rho- and Rho-kinase-mediated signaling might be important during engulfment, which could have important implications for several clinical trials involving inhibition of the Rho kinase.
Recruitment of null cells during graft versus host reactions in the chicken.

Abstract Untreated SC (B2/B2) chicken spleen or thymus cells (2 × 10 7 ) caused significantly increased [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation in spleens of heavily irradiated FP (B15/B21) recipient chicks on Day 4 after iv injection. Mitomycin-treated SC spleen cells or spleen cells treated with rabbit anti-T-cell serum and complement failed to raise the [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation over that in uninjected, bursa cell-injected or FP spleen cell-injected controls. However, the combination of mitomycin-treated spleen or thymus cells and anti-T-treated spleen cells caused an increased [ 3 H]thymidine uptake, suggesting the recruitment of non-T cells into proliferation by alloreactive mitomycin-treated T cells. Bursa cells did not proliferate during GVH reactions even though they could be shown to undergo proliferation in vivo upon mitogen (lipopolysaccharide and dextran sulfate) stimulation. In contrast, anti-T-treated spleen cells from agammaglobulinemic chickens were recruited into proliferation, suggesting that the recruited cell was not only not a T cell, but also no pre-B or B cell and most likely represented a cell of the monocyte-macrophage series.
Infrared hollow waveguides: an update

Infrared-transmissive hollow waveguides (HWGs) are enjoying resurgence as they are now being used in lengths less than 10 m for sensor and power delivery applications. HWGs are routinely fabricated with losses less than 1 dB/m from 2 to 12 μm. Most of the hollow structures involve silica or plastic tubing with an inside thin metallic film followed by a dielectric coating to enhance the reflectivity. In this paper current HWG technologies will be reviewed and several sensor and power delivery applications discussed.
Murine CD8 lymphocyte expansion in vitro by artificial antigen-presenting cells expressing CD137L (4-1BBL) is superior to CD28, and CD137L expressed on neuroblastoma expands CD8 tumour-reactive effector cells in vivo

The ability to expand tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in vitro has been greatly enhanced by the use of antigen-independent mechanisms of immune cell costimulation. We have produced human, using the K562 cell line, and murine, using YAC-1 cells, artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) and demonstrate that these cell types stimulate murine lymphocyte populations in distinct ways. Using aAPC that have been transfected with CD137L (4-1BBL) and CD32 (FcRgammaII), as a means to bind anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibody, we found that CD4 cells preferentially expanded in vitro with K562 aAPC, while CD8 cells expanded with both K562 and YAC-1 aAPC. Co-stimulation mediated by CD137L on aAPC was superior to that mediated by anti-CD28 antibody. This was seen in both long and short-term expansion assays, and by the rapid induction of a CD8+ DX5+ population. DX5 serves, under these in vitro conditions, as a general marker for lymphocyte activation. In vivo, the superiority of CD137L was demonstrated by the induction of T helper 1 effectors seen in freshly isolated splenocytes from mice immunized with CD137L-expressing neuroblastoma tumour vaccines. The ability to stimulate a strong CD8 CTL response in vivo correlated with the induction of a DX5+ cell population in splenocytes with a memory-effector phenotype. The presence of this unique DX5+ cell population, phenotypically distinct with regards to CD69 and CD62L expression from DX5+ cells induced by aAPC in vitro, may be associated with the ability of CD137L to induce strong anti-tumour immunity.
A DFT + U study of structure and reducibility of CenO2n−x (n ⩽ 4, 0 ⩽ x ⩽ n) nanoclusters

Abstract Equilibrium structures, stability and reducibility of CenO2n−x (n ⩽ 4, x = 0∼4) nanoclusters have been studied using first principles DFT + U method. The planar rhombus Ce2O2 structure is found to be the building block for the most stable CenO2n−x clusters. The normalized binding energy of the cluster decreases linearly with increasing cluster size. The most stable stoichiometric CenO2n clusters are electronically in closed-shell configuration (singlet), while the non-stoichiometric CenO2n−x clusters are in a high spin state (triplet or quintet). The reduction energy, i.e., the energy required to remove an oxygen atom from a cluster, increases with the size and the extent of reduction. On the other hand, per electron based reduction energy for the cluster to reach the same formal oxidation state is independent of the cluster size.
The Autonomy of European Union Agencies: A Comparative Study of Institutional Development

Martijn Groenleer (Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management, Technical University, Delft, 2600 GA Delft, Delft, Netherlands. E-mail: M.L.P.Groenleer@tudelft.nl) Delft: Eburon Academic Publishe...
Religious affiliation and the family

The process of religious affiliation is mediated by institutions such as the family, which provide a network of ties to the public sphere. Variations in the likelihood of those with no religious affiliation in high school (N=900) becoming church members by the time they reach 30 are explained in terms of a combination of individual attributes, such as educational and spatial mobility, and changes in structural location, such as the transition to marital and parental status. Panel data from the Career Development Study show that women's chances of affiliation are more affected than are men's by parents' religious homogamy, getting married, and having children.
Can We Defend Subjective Performance Appraisal? (A Comment)

The article presents a comment on an earlier article titled “In Defense of Executive Appraisal,” by George H. Labovitz in the September 1969 issue of this publication. The author agrees that execut...
Newer antiarrhythmic drugs in children.

Abstract Our experience with the use of five new antiarrhythmic drugs for treating life-threatening arrhythmias in children will be briefly reviewed. Prevention of recurrent episodes of atrial flutter with digoxin and local anesthetic antiarrhythmic drugs often is only moderately successful, benefiting 65% of patients. 26 Amiodarone is particularly useful for those patients who cannot be controlled on this regimen. We caution that the heart rate be monitored carefully when therapy with amiodarone is initiated in patients likely to have sick sinus syndrome. We have found mexiletine useful for controlling significant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with congenital heart disease. Likewise, 79% (11 of 14) of patients with ventricular tachycardia treated with amiodarone were well controlled. However, the range of disease categories (congenital heart disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy) in which amiodarone is effective is much broader than for mexiletine. Although other investigators have used amiodarone successfully for controlling supraventricular tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or secondary to concealed accessory AV connections, we recommend surgical ablation. Propafenone has significantly improved our ability to control postoperative JET. Although JET is self-limited in duration and spontaneously remits, it frequently produces life-threatening hemodynamic compromise in the postoperative setting. Propafenone slows the ventricular rate into a range in which AV sequential pacing may be instituted. Generally, after 24 to 72 hours, the patient may be quickly weaned from propafenone. Chronic incessant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is frequently associated with a dilated cardiomyopathy. The two most common mechanisms of incessant SVT are PJRT and AET. We have found encainide and ethmozine extremely effective in suppressing tachycardia episodes in PJRT and AET, respectively. Medical therapy has been associated with few side effects.
If the system fails, who is liable?

How does an information system manager know who is liable if the system fails? The courts have had difficulty fitting this bifurcated world of goods and services. We, as information specialists, can appreciate that software can be supplied in a variety of forms, some more tangible than others. Programmers might write software for mass distribution, tailor an existing established package, or design from scratch a custom system. Although the majority of courts have yet to face this issue in the precise context of tort liability, most believe the characterization of goods or service is properly determined by the supplier’s degree of involvement with the customer. Examines a number of important issues related to the question of computer information system failures and who may be liable for damages because of the failure. Concludes with a reminder that computer information system failure is not limited to economic loss alone.
Isolation of carcinoembryonic antigen by an improved procedure.

Abstract An improved procedure for the isolation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been developed. Lengthy dialysis, ultrafiltration and lyophilization steps following perchloric acid extraction are replaced by a simple ethanol precipitation of the CEA prior to the Chromatographie purification steps. Chemical and immunochemical characterization of CEA prepared by this procedure showed no significant differences compared to CEA prepared by the more lengthy procedure not using ethanol precipitation.
Time-temperature-burial significance of Devonian anthracite implies former great (∼6.5 km) depth of burial of Catskill Mountains, New York

Specimens of coalified plant debris in Tully-correlative strata of the Gilboa Formation (uppermost Middle Devonian) within the eastern Catskill Mountains of New York State have been converted to anthracite having a vitrinite reflectance of 2.5%. This implies a level of organic metamorphism (LOM) of 16. The specimens are about 350 m.y. old; if 200 m.y. is taken as the duration of the time of exposure to the maximum geothermal temperature, then the LOM of 16 and other thermal indicators imply a maximum temperature of 190/sup 0/C. Using a geothermal gradient of 26/sup 0/C.km/sup -1/ (17/sup 0/F.1,000 ft/sup -1/), a former depth of burial of 6.5 km is implied. Such former deep burial is not usually inferred for the Catskills, but it is consistent with the idea that the thick (about 6.4 km or 21,000 ft) Carboniferous strata of northeastern Pennsylvania formerly extended northeast far enough to bury the Catskills. The lack of metamorphism of the Paleozoic strata lying about 4.5 km beneath the Tully-correlative rocks and exposed in the adjacent Hudson Valley places low limits on the former geothermal gradient; this supports the concept of great depth of former burial of the Catskills. For example, 6.5 km of former burialmore » and a geothermal gradient of 26/sup 0/C.km/sup -1/ imply a temperature of 307/sup 0/C for the base of the Paleozoic. By contrast, only 1 km of former burial requires a geothermal gradient of 170/sup 0/C.km/sup -1/, which would have subjected the base of the Paleozoic to a temperature of 955/sup 0/GAMMA, which is far higher than the 600 to 650/sup 0/C recently inferred for the Acadian-age metamorphism of the Taconic allochthon in southwestern Massachusetts and adjoining areas.« less
An inductive link for an intracortical visual prosthesis

Wireless operation is highly desirable for implanted neural prostheses used for neural stimulation or recording on many channels, whether the goal is to restore lost motor function or sensory capability in humans or to perform neuroscience research in animals without transcutaneous leads. However, the necessarily small size of stimulating and recording implants poses certain challenges in constructing an inductive link to wirelessly power and communicate with the implant. The objectives of this research are: first, to design an inductive link to provide power and control data to a 16-channel electrode array, which is small enough to be implanted beneath the dura for use in an intracortical visual prosthesis, and second, to develop a method of fabricating the implanted side of the inductive link in a manner which is reliable and reproducible.
Dewatering of contaminated sediments: Greenhouse and field studies

Abstract Water management of dredged sediments in Confined Disposal Facilities (CDFs) is an issue for the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Removing water from contaminated dredged sediments in CDFs is desirable because water removal can reduce the volume occupied by the sediments and can create the aerobic conditions needed for the microbial degradation of many contaminants found in the sediments. The objective of the current study was to identify plant species that could be used to dewater saturated sediments contaminated with PCBs and PAHs. A greenhouse study revealed that wetland plants (54–67% water removed) were able to dewater contaminated sediments more than unvegetated (28% water loss) or treatments with terrestrial plant treatments (39% water removed). Three promising species (Scirpus fluviatilis, Spartina pectinata, and Carex aquatalis) from the greenhouse study were tested in the field. In the field trials, wetland plants again were able to dewater sediments effectively. Some of the same species selected in the greenhouse study were the best dewatering species in the field study (S. fluviatilis and S. pectinata); however, the S. fluviatilis dewatered the sediments past its own permanent wilting point (0.323 g water/g soil). By the end of the final growing season, the Salix nigra (0.161 g water/g soil) and S. pectinata (18.4 g water/g soil) were able to dewater the sediments without negative impacts on the plants and are recommended for dewatering applications.
On a nonparametric test for the mixed-model

Nonparametric tests for the null hypothesis of no treatment effect in the mixed-model experiment which involves n randomly chosen subjects who respond once to each of ρ distinct treatments have been developed by Koch and Sen (1968), These tests were based on the assumption of compound symmetry of the error vectors and on the weaker assumption of diagonal symmetry of the error vectors. This paper considers an alternative (permutationally) distribution-free test under this latter assumption. The new test follows the same type of distribution theory as those in Koch and Sen, but utilizes the inherent invariance structure in a more visable and direct way.
Structural requirements for a successful chronic peritoneal dialysis program

Recently, there has been a decline in chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) utilization in several countries. And, in these countries, the percent of patients with end-sage renal disease maintained on CPD is less than nephrologists think is appropriate. The reasons for these problems are uncertain, but it is likely that difficulties with the structural organization of CPD facilities play a contributory role. This paper discusses the structural requirements for a successful CPD program, focusing attention on the following domains: (1) adequate chronic kidney disease education, (2) provision and support of physician training in the principles and practice of CPD, (3) adequate size and organization of CPD centers, (4) development of appropriate support systems within the CPD facility, and (5) development of appropriate continuous quality improvement programs to monitor a variety of domains, including adequacy of dialysis, peritonitis rates, catheter infections and problems, psychosocial status of patients, etc.
The role of adjuvant irradiation following primary prostatectomy, based on histopathologic extent of tumor

One hundred twenty-three patients who underwent primary prostatectomy at Northwestern Memorial Hospital during the-years 1976 to 1985 are reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 (50 patients) comprises patients with tumor well-contained within the prostate and without perineural, perivascular, or lymphatic (NVL) invasion; Group 2 (57 patients) comprises patients with more extensive tumor extending through or to the prostatic capsule, extending to or near the surgical margin, involving seminal vesicles, or having NVL invasion; Group 3 (16 patients) comprises those patients who received immediate postoperative irradiation. The actuarial 10-year local control rates of Group 1 (88%) and Group 3 (100%) were statistically superior to that of Group 2 (72%), p less than 0.05. The actuarial 10-year disease-free survival rate of Group 1 (72%) is statistically superior to that of Group 2 (56%), p less than 0.01; the difference in 10-year disease-free survival between Group 2 (56%) and Group 3 (64%) did not reach statistical significance. Ten-year actuarial survival statistics are 64%, 80%, and 76% for Groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in actuarial survival among any of the groups. Patients with tumor extending to or through the prostatic capsule, extending to or near the surgical margins, involving the seminal vesicles, or having NVL invasion all may benefit from adjuvant irradiation in the immediate perioperative period.
Bladder tumors in children

Abstract Our experience with bladder tumors in children is presented and the pertinent literature reviewed. Nonepithelial tumors are more common than epithelial ones, and the most common symptom is bladder outlet obstruction. Papilloma, the common epithelial tumor, usually presents with hematuria and is successfully treated by transurethral methods. Treatment of bladder neurofibroma will depend on the site and size of the tumor and on resultant symptoms and obstruction; small or moderate-size nodules may be amenable to transurethral resection, local excision, or segmental resection, but for diffuse involvement of the bladder, total cystectomy may be necessary. Hemangiomas are the most common benign connective tissue tumor, and their common location in the upper part of the bladder usually permits successful treatment by open excision or segmental resection. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common bladder tumor in children. On present evidence radical cystectomy is the treatment of choice. The contributions of adjunct radio- and chemotherapy are not well defined, but such treatment is recommended since it has contributed to the control of tumor in nonresectable cases. Four of 8 patients in this series are alive and well five and one-half to seventeen years, 3 having had radical cystectomy (with radiotherapy in 2 and chemotherapy in 1) and 1 segmental resection with radio- and chemotherapy. Leiomyosarcoma of the bladder has been controlled by segmental resection, but it is logical to believe that radical cystectomy would extend the possibilities of surgical control in some cases; adjunct irradiation and chemotherapy may deserve a place in treatment as well.
Stereotatic radiosurgery of 468 brain metastases ≤2 cm: implications for SRS dose and whole brain radiation therapy

Abstract Purpose The national standard stereostatic radiosurgery (SRS) dose for brain metastases ≤2 cm is 24 Gy as established by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study 90–05, in which planned whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was not used. On the basis of our institutional experience, the goal of this study was to determine the optimal SRS dose and influence of WBRT on local tumor control among 468 ≤2-cm metastases. Methods and materials Between October 1992 and May 2001, 468 newly diagnosed or recurrent ≤2-cm brain metastases, among 160 patients, were treated with SRS (dose range, 7–30 Gy; median, 20). A total of 240 metastases received planned WBRT (range, 6.75–50.4 Gy; median, 40.5) vs. 228 metastases that did not. The variables tested by multivariate analysis for their potential effect on tumor control included histologic type, site of metastasis, primary diagnosis, tumor volume, SRS dose, newly diagnosed vs. recurrent metastasis, and planned WBRT vs. no planned WBRT. Results Follow-up ranged from 1 to 82 months (median 7). On multivariate analysis, the addition of WBRT was the most significant predictor of local tumor control. Overall, patients who received WBRT had superior local tumor control rates (97% vs. 87% in those who did not receive WBRT; p = 0.0001). Patients receiving WBRT and SRS ≥20 Gy achieved local control rates of 99% compared with 91% control rates when treated with WBRT and SRS p = 0.0029). Increasing the SRS dose to >20 Gy resulted in no improvement in local tumor control and a higher rate of Grade 3 and 4 neurotoxicity, approaching statistical significance (5.9% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.078). Conclusion First, optimal control of brain metastasis ≤2 cm was seen with 20-Gy SRS combined with planned WBRT. Second, SRS doses >20 Gy resulted in no obvious improvement in local control and appeared to be associated with a greater rate of complications.
Electroencephalographic and neurological changes induced in man by the administration of 1, 2,4-triazine-3,5 (2H, 4H)-dione (6-azauracil).

Abstract 6-Azauracil, a new experimental anti-tumor agent, has been given to 19 patients. In 17, it has induced significant electroencephalographic and neurologic changes. EEG changes have consisted of: abolition of the fast rhythms; disorganization of the background activity with moderate amplitude, irregular slowing; depression or disappearance of the response to photic stimulation; and appearance of high amplitude delta rhythm. Clinically, the most striking change has been lethargy progressing to subcoma. The discrepancy between the electrographic changes and the clinical abnormalities has been striking, the electrographic abnormalities generally appearing considerably before those detectable clinically. All manifestations induced by the 6-Azauracil have regressed when the drug was discontinued. The changes induced were directly related to the dosage of the drug employed. Children appeared more susceptible than adults to its toxic manifestations. Its mode and site of action are unknown.
Effects of geometric and flow-field variables on inverted-velocity-profile coaxial jet noise and source distributions

This paper presents relationships between the noise generation characteristics and the flow-field characteristics for inverted-velocity-profile coaxial jets. Noise measurements were made at four different sideline distances in order to determine the apparent noise source locations, and flow-field characteristics were determined from jet plume pressure/temperature surveys. These relationships are based on a published NASA Lewis prediction model, the basic assumptions of which are shown to be consistent with the experimental data reported herein. Improvements to the noise prediction procedure, on the basis of the present study, are included, which increase the accuracy of the high-frequency noise prediction.
SUPPRESSION OF ELECTRON PONDEROMOTIVE BLOWOUT AND RELATIVISTIC SELF-FOCUSING BY THE OCCURRENCE OF RAMAN SCATTERING AND PLASMA HEATING

We use a fully explicit particle-in-cell model to demonstrate that electron blowout/cavitation and relativistic self-focusing can be prevented by the occurrence of stimulated Raman scattering and plasma heating. The suppression results predominantly from the scattering of laser power out of the focal cone and from the decrease in the plasma fluid's quiver velocity when the plasma is heated to multi-MeV temperatures.
Oxygen free radical scavengers decrease reperfusion injury in lung transplantation

An in vivo canine model was used to assess the ability of an oxygen free radical scavenger to decrease reperfusion injury in lung transplantation. In 12 dogs, the left lungs were transplanted after they had been preserved for 24 hours at 4 degrees C after pulmonary artery flushing with modified Eurocollins solution. In 6 dogs, dimethylthiourea, a potent oxygen free radical scavenger, was added to the flush solution and was also given to the recipients just before reperfusion. In all animals, the contralateral pulmonary artery and bronchus were ligated and lung function was assessed for 12 hours or until death. Three dogs died prematurely in the control group, whereas only 1 dog died prematurely in the dimethylthiourea group. This resulted in a statistically significant difference in the average length of survival (p less than 0.05). Pulmonary artery and right atrial pressures were significantly lower in the dimethylthiourea group during the first 6 hours (p less than 0.05). Treatment with dimethylthiourea resulted in a significantly higher arterial oxygen tension at 4 hours, and intrapulmonary shunt tended to be lower. Thus, it would appear that dimethylthiourea has a protective effect on lungs preserved for 24 hours before transplantation in dogs.
The temporal replication of ribosomal genes in synchronized Chinese hamster cells.

Abstract The time of ribosomal gene replication has been examined in Chinese hamster cells synchronized by selective detachment of mitotic cells. DNA of synchronized cells was density labeled with bromodeoxyuridine for successive two-hour intervals spanning the S phase of the cell cycle, and the DNA replicated during each time interval was separated from the remaining DNA by centrifugation and fractionation in cesium chloride. Ribosomal genes in newly replicated DNA and bulk DNA from each interval were detected by hybridization of the DNA in each fraction with a very high specific activity in vitro transcript (complementary RNA) of purified Xenopus laevis ribosomal DNA. This heterologous probe hybridizes with high buoyant density Chinese hamster DNA in cesium chloride and is competed with unlabeled Chinese hamster ribosomal RNA. During the first two-hour interval (3 to 5 h after mitosis) about half of the ribosomal genes replicate as well as 27% of the non-ribosomal DNA. Most of the remaining ribosomal DNA replicates during the next time interval (5 to 7 h), indicating that in Chinese hamster cells the multiple ribosomal gene copies (about 300) initiate and complete their replication during an early portion of the S phase.
Spectral Relations Between Certain Iso-Electronic Systems and Sequences, Part III; Ti I, V II, Cr III, Mn IV, and Fe V

Spectral relations between the iso-electronic systems, Ti I, V II, Cr III, Mn IV, and Fe V.---The removal of, one valence electron from neutral vanadium, two valence electrons from neutral chromium, three valence electrons from neutral manganese, and four valence electrons from neutral iron forms with neutral titanium the five isoelectronic systems Ti I, V II, Cr III, Mn IV, and Fe V.The irregular doublet law.---The irregular doublet law, wherever applicable, proves to be a powerful method of attack in attempting to analyze the spectra arising from ionized atoms. In this report for the electron transition $3{d}^{3}4p$ to $3{d}^{3}4s$ about forty lines, and for the electron transition $3{d}^{3}4d$ to $3{d}^{3}4p$ about twelve lines, have been traced through the first three elements Ti I, V II and Cr III. In the first electron transition the multiplet $^{5}F^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}^{5}G^{\ensuremath{'}}$ has been traced as far as Fe V.Term separations, The Land\'e interval rule, and Hund's rule.---The systematic increase in term separations is given for the $^{5}F^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and $^{5}G^{\ensuremath{'}}$ terms arising from the electron configurations $3{d}^{3}4s$ and $3{d}^{3}4p$ respectively. For these same terms the Land\'e interval rule is found to be in general agreement with observed separations. Hund's rule for relative term positions is followed for the terms thus far identified.Energy levels and the Moseley law.---A new type of energy level Moseley diagram for Ti I to Fe V is compared with a similar diagram for the three sequences starting respectively with Sc I, Ca I, and K I. These four diagrams together with a similar diagram for V I, V II, V III, V IV, and V V are found to be almost identical. The constancy in the values of $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\lambda}$ between the diagonal lines of certain multiplets is traced through the first five elements of each of the four iso-electronic sequences starting with Ti I, Ca I, Sc I and K I.
Redevelopment impact on small businesses: Studying it before it happens: (The Kakaako district in Honolulu)

Abstract A study to anticipate the impact of inner city redevelopment on small businesses in Honolulu provides specific district-wide sample survey findings regardings perceived needs to remain and hardship of relocation for the majority of firms. A mitigating solution emerging from the analysis is the construction of vertical mixed use relocation prototypes ready to house businesses as they are being displaced by building demolitions. A target area sample survey of firms corroborates this approach for small businesses to remain close to their original location. Innovative programs and policies are needed for this to take place. They depart from the currently proposed district rezoning.
Permutation identity near-rings and “localized” distributivity conditions

A near-ringR is said to satisfy apermutation identity if there is some non-identity permutation σ of lengthn such that Πaj=Πaσ(j), for eacha1, ...,an∈R. Numerous examples of permutation identity near-rings are given. The theory is then developed making use of various “localized” distributive conditions, which include as special cases most of the standard global ones (e. g., d. g., pseudo-distributive). These localized conditions only assume distributivity among the elements of certain special (and often “small”) sets. Particularly useful for such sets are powers of the ideals generated by the sets of Lie commutators, additive commutators, or distributive elements. Examples are given where a localized condition holds yet none of the usual global ones do. Results are obtained concerning prime, semiprime, or maximal ideals as well as regular, simple, or subdirectly irreducible near-rings.
Oxalic Acid in PM2.5 Particulate Matter in California

ABSTRACT Ambient air monitoring for organic acids in PM25 was conducted at several locations in California. During the study, it was found that oxalic acid (ethanedioc acid) was the most abundant organic acid found in the PM2 5 fraction. Samples from Azuza (in southern California), San Jose (in the San Francisco Bay area), and Fresno (in central California), a PM2.5 Super Site, were collected in 1999 and analyzed. The results for oxalic acid concentrations during this monitoring effort are presented.
Design of a Human-Interactive Autonomous Flight Manager (AFM) for Crewed Lunar Landing

[Abstract] To meet NASA’s requirement for more independence from ground control an Autonomous Flight Manager (AFM) is needed for lunar landings. The AFM will handle the mechanistic tasks such as the vehicle control needed to maneuver and cueing when astronaut input is needed. This technology will allow the astronauts to perform a supervisory role, making higher level knowledge-based decisions. Draper’s proven autonomy capability is extended to include mechanisms for a human operator, either onboard or remotely controlling the vehicle, to interrupt and redirect the autonomous system at different levels of autonomous control. A proposed AFM design, including human “reach-in”, is described.
Effect of Albumin on Underpotential Lead Deposition and Stripping on Ag‐RDE

The effects of adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the electrodeposition and stripping of Pb-adatoms at a Ag-RDE in acetate buffer solutions have been studied. The adsorbed BSA molecules have been found to inhibit the lead adsorption process. A decrease in the apparent charge transfer coefficient α for Pb-adatom desorption from 0.39 to 0.34 in the presence of adsorbed BSA molecules has been attributed to the electric field screening by multiply charged BSA in the adsorption film, since no major lateral interactions between Pb and BSA have been observed. The kinetics of BSA adsorption on a Ag-RDE was followed by Pb-adatom probe technique in the range of low BSA coverage, 0<θBSA<0.4. The adsorption (k1) and desorption (k−1) rate constants were determined as follows: k1=2.42×10−4 cm/s, k−1=1.12×10−14 mol cm−2 s−1. The equilibrium constant for BSA adsorption on Ag electrode from 3×10−8 M BSA solution, also determined from the Pb-adatom probe method, was: Kads=2.17×107 L/mol and the corresponding Gibbs free energy of adsorption: ΔG°ads=−9.99 kcal/mol (−41.85 kJ/mol). The formation of BSA films on Ag electrodes has been confirmed by EQCN mass transients and AFM imaging. It follows from these experiments that BSA molecules adsorb in horizontal orientation and form a film on Ag with 4 nm thickness.
A digital asset management curriculum: An information science perspective

This article will discuss the elements of educational design used in the creation of a curriculum for a graduate level course on Digital Asset Management within the School of Library and Information Science at San Jose State University, San Jose, California. It will include a brief background on curriculum theory to frame the discussion on how design choices were made in the original curriculum instituted in 2006. In addition, this article will reveal the limitations commonly found in most instructional programs and provide insight into adaptations made necessary to maintain the integrity of the original design as well as to advance the curriculum design and improve the course experience in perpetuity.
Recent Trends in Feline Intestinal Neoplasia: an Epidemiologic Study of 1,129 Cases in the Veterinary Medical Database from 1964 to 2004

A retrospective epidemiologic study evaluated 1,129 feline intestinal tumor patients via data entered into the Veterinary Medical Database (VMDB) from 1964 to 2004. Cases were analyzed by breed, age, yr of diagnosis, tumor type, and location. The VMDB incidence of all intestinal tumors reported during this 40 yr period was 0.4%, with small intestinal tumors predominating. The most common intestinal tumor was lymphoma, but the most common nonlymphoid tumor was adenocarcinoma. The Siamese breed and increasing age after 7 yr conferred an increased risk. Intact males and females appeared to have a decreased risk compared with neutered patients, but this may be explained by the age difference among these patients as older patients were more likely to be neutered. Prospective studies evaluating neuter status predilection and prognosis are warranted.
Introducción: Llanto por Federico García Lorca

Relataba Jorge Semprun poco antes de morir como, durante las largas horas en formacion en la Appellplatz del campo de concentracion nazi de Buchenwald, se recitaba asi mismo poemas del Romancero Gi...
Repair of conotruncal abnormalities with the use of the valved conduit: improved early and midterm results with the cryopreserved homograft.

Abstract Repair of complex cardiac lesions has been facilitated by the availability of valved conduits to reestablish right ventricular to pulmonary artery continuity. From 1977 io June 1991, 148 patients underwent repair with insertion of a conduit. Their mean age was 6.6 years (11 days to 45 years). The diagnosis was transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in 51, truncus arteriosus in 36, pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect in 25, tetralogy of Fallot in 19, double-ouilet right ventricle in 10, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum in 6 and atrioventricular canal with pulmonary atresia in 1. A Dacron porcine-valved conduit was used in 37, a homograft conduit in 106 and a nonvalved conduit in 5. There were 13 early deaths overall (8.8%); 8 (22%) of the early deaths occurred in the 37 patients who received a Dacron graft, 4 (3.8%) occurred in the 106 patients who received a bomograft and 1 occurred in a patient with a nonvalved Gore-Tex conduit. An additional patient underwent orthutopic heart transplantation in the early postoperative period. In 117 patients operated on from January 1985 to June 1991 the early mortality rate was 2.6% (3 of 117). Among 28 patients receiving a Dacron porcine-valved graft there were two late deaths (7.1%) after a mean follow-up interval of 93 months, and 8 patients required reopsration for conduit obstruction. Among 102 homograft recipients there were two late deaths (1.9%). Six homografts (5.9%) have required replacement for stenosis during a mean follow-up interval of 50 months. The use of a cryopreserved homograft has been associated with a reduced early mortality and excellent early and midterm results for repair of conotruncal abnormalities.
Risk Modeling via Direct Utility Maximization Using Numerical Quadrature

An approach to risk modeling is developed which uses nonlinear programming and numerical integration to directly solve the expected utility maximization problem. The approach contrasts with earlier efforts in that, rather than using an empirical density function, a joint probability density function is explicitly specified. Comparisons are done showing that this approach yields more accurate solutions than the empirical density approach even when many points are sampled from the theoretical distribution.
Relationship between depression and psychosocial functioning after traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Hibbard MR, Ashman TA, Spielman LA, Chun D, Charatz HJ, Melvin S. Relationship between depression and psychosocial functioning after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85(4 Suppl 2):S43–53. Objective To examine the relationship between depression and psychosocial functioning up to 5 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design Longitudinal cohort study with 2 assessments completed. Setting Community. Participants Individuals (N=188) with TBI living in the community. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Structured Clinical Interview for Depression, self-reports of depression severity, functional symptoms, quality of life (QOL), unmet important needs, and psychosocial functioning. Results Based on observed depression patterns at initial and repeat assessment, 4 subgroups were created: no depression, resolved depression, late-onset depression, and chronic depression. Groups were equivalent in terms of demographic and injury-related factors but differed significantly in perceived psychosocial functioning. The no-depression group reported fewer depressive symptoms and higher levels of psychosocial functioning, whereas the chronic-depression group reported the poorest psychosocial functioning, with a further decline in QOL at reassessment. Although the resolved-depression and late-onset-depression groups reported similar psychosocial functioning at initial assessment, psychosocial functioning had improved for the resolved-depression group and declined for the late-onset-depression group at reassessment. Pre- and postpsychiatric diagnoses were common in all groups, with pre-TBI diagnosis of depression not predictive of post-TBI depression. Conclusions Findings highlight the need for broad-based assessments and timely interventions for both mood and psychosocial challenges after TBI.