cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Joint surveillance of the replication foci by PCNA and CtIP.

CtIP (CtBP-interacting protein) is emerging as a key new player in the maintenance of genome stability. CtIP was discovered as a cofactor of the ubiquitous transcriptional corepressor CtBP.1 by virtue of its association with CtBP, it is presumed to function in transcriptional regulation. CtIP also interacts with the pRb family proteins and BRCA1 and has been linked to the transcriptional repression activities mediated by these tumor suppressors. While interaction of CtIP with pRb appears to be important for G1/S regulation,2 CtIP activity is also required for G2/M DNA damage checkpoint via transient association with BRCA1 and Chk1 activation during treatment with ionizing radiation.3 Recently, orthologs of CtIP that participate in DNA double strand repair have been identified in yeast, fungi, worm and plants.4–7 Specifically, CtIP and its orthologs have been shown to be critical for dsDNA break repair by homologous recombination. These orthologs share a distinct region of homology with the C-terminal region of CtIP. CtIP and its orthologs have been shown to associate with the Mre11/Rad50/NSB1 (MRN) complex and mediate DNA end resection to generate ssDNA intermediates for recombination. While CtIP orthologs appear to function primarily in DNA repair, the vertebrate CtIP appear to be a multifunctional modular adapter protein recruiting multiple protein complexes to mediate concerted cell cycle regulation and DNA damage checkpoint control and DNA repair. In the current issue of Cell Cycle, Gu and Chen8 report that CtIP is targeted to DNA replication foci by direct interaction with PCNA. The interaction between PCNA and CtIP is mediated by a 42-amino acid region of CtIP known as Replication Foci Targeting Sequence (RFTS) that contains a consensus PCNA-interacting motif.9 Endogenous CtIP and that expressed by transient transfection colocalized with PCNA in replication foci and mutations in the RFTS abolished such colocalization. Interfering with the interaction between CtIP and PCNA via overexpression of an RFTS-GFP chimeric construct (dominant negative) induced cell cycle arrest at S/G2 transition and cessation of cell proliferation. Cells expressing the chimeric RFTS construct induced DNA damage and activation of DNA damage checkpoint while a mutant RFTS construct defective in interaction with PCNA did not. These results suggest that the CtIP-PCNA complex might play a role in stabilization of the stalled replication forks. Since CtIP plays a role in DNA repair, it is possible that the normal function of the PCNA-CtIP complex might be involved in surveillance of the replication forks for potential stalling. Considering the established role of CtIP in DNA repair and the present results that PCNA directs CtIP to the replication foci, new investigations on the role CtIP in repair of DNA damage at the replication fork should be forthcoming.
The adenocarcinoma cell surface mucin receptor for alpha-fetoprotein: is the same receptor present on circulating monocytes and macrophages? A commentary

The mucin family of proteins is largely expressed on sedentary epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and reproductive tracts and their associated organs and malignant tumors. It is less well-known that mucins are also expressed on circulatory cells of the immune and inflammatory systems, such as monocytes, macrophages, leukemic, and lymphoma cells. The epithelial mucins function in (a) protection and lubrication of mucosal linings, (b) cell adhesion and cell-to-cell contact, (c) cell migration and metastasis, and (d) signal transduction. It would be logical to presume that mucins expressed on circulating mononuclear cells could perform similar functions. Recently, it was proposed that the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) receptor, known to be present on solid epithelial-derived malignant tumor cells, can be identified as a mucin glycoprotein. Interestingly, it was also reported that AFP binds to a receptor on circulating cells and sedentary tumor cells of lymphoreticular origin, especially monocytes associated with lymphomas and leukemias. The primary objective of the present commentary is to present literature-based evidence that some of the cell surface mucins on sedentary epithelial tumor cells and certain mucins expressed on circulating monocytes/macrophages are identical to the AFP receptor. The secondary objective is to discuss the role of AFP and its derived peptides in the growth suppression of adenocarcinomas and lymphomas using the AFP-mucin receptor concept as a key to the mechanism of tumor growth inhibition.
Climate change from increased CO2 and direct and indirect effects of sulfate aerosols

A global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model without flux correction is integrated in a set of 75 year sensitivity experiments where the indirect forcing effect of sulfate aerosols is included for the first time in combination with transient greenhouse gas forcing and the direct effect of sulfate aerosols. Sulfate aerosol forcing increases from zero to present-day estimates in the first 30 years of the integrations while equivalent CO2 forcing increases by 1% per year relative to the control experiment, similar to the rate of increase of observed greenhouse gas forcing over the period 1960–1990. Annual mean averages around year 30, analogous to present-day conditions, indicate better agreement with recent observed geographic and zonal mean temperature anomaly patterns in the sulfate aerosol experiments and less warming in northern summer than winter. Sulfate aerosols then are increased following the IS92a scenario, while CO2 continues to increase at 1% per year. Averages around year 65, analogous to conditions roughly 35 years in the future, indicate warming almost everywhere in the troposphere over the globe as the CO2 forcing overwhelms the negative radiative forcing from the sulfate aerosols. There is also a general indication of weakening of the south Asian monsoon in the sulfate aerosol experiments. There is qualitative agreement in the patterns of the temperature changes, both geographic and zonal, between the different sulfate aerosol experiments, with the magnitude of the changes a function of the size of the forcing.
Effects of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Damage on Yields of Spring-Grown Potatoes

A 4-year field study of the effects of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) damage on yield of spring-grown potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L., revealed no direct relationship between the level of damage and total yield or yields of U.S. no. 1 potatoes, whether damage was expressed in number of ECB damaged stems per plot, percent damaged stems per plot, or mean number of larval tunnels per plant. Yields were adversely affected by bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia spp. Simple regression analysis indicated that variation in soft rot incidence accounted for 14 to 25% of the variation in yields. The incidence of soft rot was related to damage as expressed by mean number of ECB tunnels per plant, with simple linear regressions accounting for 14 to 15% of variation in soft rot incidence. The relationship observed in this study indicates that substantial O. nubilalis damage can be tolerated in spring-grown potatoes in North Carolina and that, in most years, control is not justified.
Children's Anticipated Responses to Hypothetical Peers With Undesirable Characteristics: Role of Peers' Desire to Change, Effort to Change, and Outcome

The authors explored the extent to which 5th- and 6th-grade students' anticipated responses to hypothetical peers with undesirable characteristics (e.g., being overweight) are influenced by information that each peer (a) desired (or did not desire) to change the characteristic, (b) exerted effort (or did not exert effort) to change the characteristic, and (c) was successful (or unsuccessful) in changing the characteristic. In general, the children anticipated responding more favorably to peers who were successful in overcoming an undesirable characteristic than those who were unsuccessful. However, across both outcome conditions, peers who wanted to change and exerted effort to change were rated more favorably than were peers who reported no effort to change an undesirable characteristic, regardless of whether or not they had expressed a desire to change that characteristic. For peers whose failure to change an undesirable characteristic was associated with no effort to change, those who expressed a desire to change were rated more favorably than those who expressed no desire to change.
Detecting process drift with combinations of trend and zonal supplementary runs rules

Examines trend rules in conjunction with other well‐known supplementary runs rules to assess their impact when used in control charting. Focuses on a set of 613 trend rules deemed as potential candidates to increase the sensitivity of the control chart. The examined rules are viewed in the light of a stable environment, which determines the false alarm rate, and then in an environment in which the process mean is subjected to drift. Results indicate that there are subsets of trend rules that aid in the detection of out‐of‐control conditions depending on the severity of the drift and the number of zonal‐based supplementary runs rules used.
Home visiting and the family-centered medical home: synergistic services to promote child health.

From the Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Mass (Dr Toomey); and Department of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Dr Cheng) Address correspondence to Sara L. Toomey, MD, MPhil, MPH, MSc, Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: sara.toomey@childrens.harvard.edu).
Research opportunities in supply chain management

Since its introduction as a concept in the 1980s, supply chain management (SCM) has undergone significant modification and expansion. A qualitative analysis of 166 unique definitions of SCM published in the literature identified three major themes associated with the supply chain and SCM: (1) activities; (2) benefits; and (3) constituents/components. Utilizing these themes, key research questions and issues within the supply chain and SCM are identified that could be examined by marketing scholars.
The appropriate use of null hypothesis testing.

The many criticisms of null hypothesis testing suggest when it is not useful and what is should not be used for. This article explores when and why its use is appropriate. Null hypothesis testing is insufficient when size of effect is important, but it is ideal for testing ordinal claims relating the order of conditions, which are common in psychology. Null hypothesis testing also is insufficient for determining beliefs, but it is ideal for demonstrating sufficient evidential strength to support an ordinal claim, with sufficient evidence being 1 criterion for a finding entering the corpus of legitimate findings in psychology. The line between sufficient and insufficient evidence is currently set at p < .05; there is little reason for allowing experimenters to select their own value of alpha. Thus null hypothesis testing is an optimal method for demonstrating sufficient evidence for an ordinal claim.
Ad hoc network deployment accommodating short and uncertain transmission range

Proposals for optimal network deployment in wireless ad hoc/sensor networks generally seek to meet specific performance objectives (e.g., connectivity and coverage), typically assuming known and constant transmission ranges for nodes at different geographic locations and in different directions. In practice transmission range is highly uncertain a priori, even for homogeneous networks. In our prior paper, we explored physical layer models for estimating node connectivity in linear networks, where network nodes are all arranged along a ray, taking into consideration the lognormal distribution and spatial correlation of signal strength. We examined application in linear network deployment, in which an agent (e.g., a robot) would be responsible for maximizing the probability of connecting all sensing nodes given limited network resources: (i) the number of available routing nodes and (ii) the linear time/distance that can be operated by the agent for deploying the network.Though theoretically the dynamic programming framework we developed for linear deployment in our prior work could be easily extended to address planar deployment problems, it would easily become computational intractable even for a small planar network. This paper proposes a heuristic to extend its application for planar deployment when the transmission range is short and uncertain compared to the separate distances of sensing nodes. The heuristic involves two steps, the first of which is to construct a tree spreading all the sensing nodes, while the second is to deploy routing nodes along the edges of the tree, taking advantage of the developed heuristic for linear deployment in our prior work. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate its applications and performances.
Releasable SNAP-tag Probes for Studying Endocytosis and Recycling

Site-specific labeling of cellular proteins with chemical probes is a powerful tool for live cell imaging of biological processes. One popular system, known as the SNAP-tag, is based on an engineered variant of the 20-kDa DNA repair protein O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (AGT) that covalently reacts with O(6)-benzylguanine (BG) and can be derivatized with a number of reporter groups. For studying the endocytosis and recycling of cell surface proteins, the covalent nature of BG binding to the SNAP-tag is problematic, since removing excess noninternalized probe from the cell surface is not feasible. Here we describe a modification of the SNAP-tag technology that permits the rapid release of fluorescently labeled probes from the cell surface without affecting the population of labeled molecules sequestered within endosomes. This simple yet effective approach allows quantitative measurements of endocytosis and recycling in both imaging and biochemical assays and is especially useful when studying endosomal dynamics in live cells.
Cost comparison of reusable and single-use ultrasonic shears for laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Background Use of ultrasonic shears is currently the standard for advanced laparoscopic digestive surgery. The costs of medical care continue to increase, yet the amount of evidence-based information on cost differences in reusable and single-use equipment is scarce.
Analysing the lithium industry: Demand, supply, and emerging developments

Over the past century, lithium consumption has grown consistently and strongly as manufacturing firms utilise it in a growing number of important applications. Throughout this period, lithium supply has been obtained from brines and hard rock deposits from a limited number of producers operating initially most prominently in the USA, Canada, and Russia and more recently in Chile, Argentina, Australia, and China. Using a standard microeconomic framework the discussion assesses major factors influencing recent lithium demand and supply. Focusing on issues affecting the height of entry barriers, it then considers some potential developments in lithium supply by new players, some of whom are supported by major users of lithium in batteries and other applications.
Alumina and Yttria Powder and Yttria Coatings Made by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis

Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis is used to produce metal oxide powders (alumina, yttria, and mixtures of these) from nitrate precursors at temperatures below 500 °C. Moreover, yttria powder coatings on soda-lime glass and fused silica substrates are generated. The as-prepared powders and coatings are examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
A multiple objective tabu search approach for end-of-life product disassembly

This paper addresses the disassembly-to-order (DTO) and the disassembly sequence planning (DSP) problems and employs a multiple objective tabu search (MOTS) algorithm to solve them. The focus of the study is on the disassembly operations of end-of-life (EOL) products taken back from their last users (owners). The proposed approach aims at disassembling the EOL products for reusing, recycling, storing and properly disposing them in an environmentally benign manner. Thus, the model controls and restricts the environmental damage while increasing the value captured from the EOL products. These goals are achieved in an economically viable manner. The proposed model employs two independent modules, namely, the DTO module and the DSP module. The DTO module embodies multiple objectives and provides various options for the number of items to be disassembled from each EOL product for resale, recycling, storage and proper disposal, along with the numbers and types of EOL products to be taken back. The module considers both environmental and financial objectives while meeting the demand expectations. The DSP module provides multiple feasible disassembly sequences for the EOL products. The module considers and preserves the precedence relationships among the items while fulfilling multiple objectives.
Novel Role for Cyclin-dependent Kinase 2 in Neuregulin-induced Acetylcholine Receptor ϵ Subunit Expression in Differentiated Myotubes

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinases. CDK2 acts as a checkpoint for the G1/S transition in the cell cycle. Despite a down-regulation of CDK2 activity in postmitotic cells, many cell types, including muscle cells, maintain abundant levels of CDK2 protein. This led us to hypothesize that CDK2 may have a function in postmitotic cells. We show here for the first time that CDK2 can be activated by neuregulin (NRG) in differentiated C2C12 myotubes. In addition, this activity is required for expression of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) ϵ subunit. The switch from the fetal AChRγ subunit to the adult-type AChRϵ is required for synapse maturation and the neuromuscular junction. Inhibition of CDK2 activity with either the specific CDK2 inhibitory peptide Tat-LFG or by RNA interference abolished neuregulin-induced AChRϵ expression. Neuregulin-induced activation of CDK2 also depended on the ErbB receptor, MAPK, and PI3K, all of which have previously been shown to be required for AChRϵ expression. Neuregulin regulated CDK2 activity through coordinating phosphorylation of CDK2 on Thr-160, accumulation of CDK2 in the nucleus, and down-regulation of the CDK2 inhibitory protein p27 in the nucleus. In addition, we also observed a novel mechanism of regulation of CDK2 activity by a low molecular weight variant of cyclin E in response to NRG. These findings establish CDK2 as an intermediate molecule that integrates NRG-activated signals from both the MAPK and PI3K pathways to AChRϵ expression and reveal an undiscovered physiological role for CDK2 in postmitotic cells.
Fluid-structure interaction

Computational methods for fluid-structure analysis are surveyed. Emphasis is placed on semi-discretization methods, such as finite element and finite difference methods. Appropriate mesh descriptions and time integration procedures for various classes of problems are discussed. The need for mesh partitions, where the fluid and structure are integrated by different methods, is indicated, and three types of mesh partitions are discussed: explicit-implicit (E-I), implicit-implicit (I-I), and explicit with different time steps (Em-E). Some examples are presented to illustrate the applicability of various methods.
Soil bed scrubbing of fugitive gas releases

Abstract Accidental and occasional discharges of hazardous and pollutant gases to the atmosphere could be greatly diminished if inexpensive, effective, large capacity, and fail‐safe gas scrubbers were available. Soil bed scrubbers often satisfy all of these criteria.
Nocturnal polyuria and antidiuretic hormone levels in spinal cord injury

Abstract Objective: To establish baseline ADH levels in spinal cord injury patients and to evaluate whether spinal cord patients have attenuation of diurnal variation of ADH similar to children with enuresis and elderly with nocturnal polyuria. Design: Twenty-seven healthy quadriplegic patients, ASIA impairment scale A, were evaluated for serum ADH levels at night and during the day. Main Outcome Measures: Evaluation of whether bladder overdistention caused by attenuation of diurnal variation of ADH is responsible for the episodes of autonomic dysreflexia and recurrent urinary tract infections in spinal cord injury patients who are on intermittent catheterization for bladder management. Results: A lack of diurnal variation of ADH in the subject population. Conclusions: A trial of desaminocystein-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) should be considered for patients with established attenuation of the diurnal variation ADH.
Prediction of Daughter's Performance from Dam's Cow Index Adjusted for Within-Herd Variance

Abstract Lactation records of 1,032,438 Jersey and 1,490,909 Holstein cows were used to compute Modified Contemporary Comparison Cow Indexes for fat percent, fat yield, and milk yield. The analysis of herd-year variables indicated heterogeneity of within herd-year standard deviations of 16-fold and 11-fold differences for fat percent, 10-fold and 12-fold differences for fat yield, and 9-fold and 14-fold differences for milk yield for Holsteins and Jerseys, respectively. Correlations between the mean and within herd-year standard deviation were smaller for fat percent than milk and fat yield with .112 and .115 for fat percent, .509 and .424 for fat yield, and .490 and .450 for milk yield in Holsteins and Jerseys, respectively. Five adjustments to the modified contemporary deviation portion of the Cow Index were compared with the current USDA Cow Index. The six modified contemporary deviations calculated were: the current deviation, natural log-adjusted deviation, and the deviation standardized to a constant variance in combination with either the current correction for contemporaries genetic merit or an adjusted correction. The six different Cow Indexes were compared for the accuracy with which they predicted the daughter's average modified contemporary deviation. The standardized deviation with an adjusted genetic merit of contemporaries was best for predicting daughter's milk and fat yield average modified contemporary deviations in both breeds. However, little differences were observed between deviation methods for fat percent.
Aminopyridines mimic mutant Drosophila developmental defects

Abstract 1. The potassium blocking agents 2- and 3-aminopyridine cause developmental defects in Drosophila melanogaster when these agents are fed to third-instar larvae. The developmental defects thus produced are similar in appearance to the developmental phenotypes produced by mutations at the shibire and Notch loci. 2. Aminopyridine drugs enhance neuromuscular transmission at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction. The effect can be attributed to their potassium-blocking action in the presynaptic nerve terminal.
New correction factors for spectrophotometric assay of erythrocyte porphyrins.

Abstract A reliable and convenient spectrophotometric method for the assay of uroporphyrin, coproporphyrin, and protoporphyrin is described. Equations were derived which correct for impuritie(s) isolated with the porphyrins from red cell hemolysates. The need for extensive purification of the porphyrin solutions was eliminated.
New quantitative risk criteria for US LNG facilities

The recent increase in natural gas production has expanded the outlook for exporting domestically produced natural gas. As a result, many existing liquefied natural gas (LNG) import facilities in the United States are proposing to construct liquefaction facilities collocated with existing import terminals. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) reviews and approves applications for construction. As part of this process, the applicant must perform specific hazardous release consequence analyses to demonstrate flammable vapor dispersion exclusion zones, thermal radiation exclusion zones, and explosion overpressure exclusion zones to meet criteria established in 49 CFR 193 and NFPA 59A. Over the last few years, FERC has refined the risk analysis criteria for LNG facility construction projects. While the current regulations do not specify quantitative risk assessment (QRA) as a necessary hazard analysis tool, FERC has recently issued guidance for the selection of leak sizes based upon failure frequencies for piping systems. In particular, scenarios with failure frequencies greater than 3 × 10−5 per year must be considered. The underlying studies that FERC relied upon to derive the failure frequency criterion for single accidental leak source size determination (i.e., 3 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−5 per year) are largely based on generic industry data not LNG-specific data. The net result of this criterion has been to require elements of QRA as part of LNG facility permitting process to identify the scenarios that need to be considered and those that do not. This is a shift in the paradigm away from prescriptive leak sizes and single accidental release scenarios that had been used for receiving terminals constructed over the last decade. This shift in paradigm coincides with and was likely motivated by the North American transition from receiving terminals to liquefaction export terminals. Receiving terminals are considerably simpler in their design than export terminals, which require refrigeration units to liquefy the gas. This article aims to provide an analysis and discussion of the FERC failure frequency arguments grounded in the strength and weaknesses of the underlying databases. An open question is whether this new criterion provides a reasonable improvement in safety over the prior requirements. The underlying historic databases and studies do not reflect the major differences on the safety records between the LNG industry and general industry. More specifically, they do not necessarily take into consideration the effects of cryogenic processes, management systems, materials of construction, or failure modes on the failure rate data. Given the basis of generic industry failure rates, the question arises as to whether the failure rate thresholds that trigger the requirement to consider certain scenarios are appropriate. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 33: 237–246, 2014
Consolidation in human motor memory

Learning a motor skill sets in motion neural processes that continue to evolve after practice has ended, a phenomenon known as consolidation. Here we present psychophysical evidence for this, and show that consolidation of a motor skill was disrupted when a second motor task was learned immediately after the first. There was no disruption if four hours elapsed between learning the two motor skills, with consolidation occurring gradually over this period. Previous studies in humans and other primates have found this time-dependent disruption of consolidation only in explicit memory tasks, which rely on brain structures in the medial temporal lobe. Our results indicate that motor memories, which do not depend on the medial temporal lobe, can be transformed by a similar process of consolidation. By extending the phenomenon of consolidation to motor memory, our results indicate that distinct neural systems share similar characteristics when encoding and storing new information.
Management of asymptomatic cervical spinal stenosis in the setting of symptomatic tandem lumbar stenosis: a review.

Abstract Introduction This article reviews the literature regarding tandem asymptomatic cervical stenosis in the setting of symptomatic lumbar stenosis. The presenting features of cervical spondylotic myelopathy are insidious and consistent with upper motor neuron loss. Often, asymptomatic cervical stenosis is encountered in the clinical setting during the workup of a symptomatic lumbar stenosis and degenerative disease. Methods A PubMed (1966 to July 2013) electronic database search was conducted for articles pertaining to the diagnosis of incidentally discovered cervical cord compression. Keywords and MESH terms were limited to asymptomatic cervical stenosis, asymptomatic cervical compression, asymptomatic spinal stenosis, asymptomatic cervical spondylosis, and asymptomatic cervical cord signal. The primary literature topics for manuscript inclusion were the development of symptomatic myelopathy from asymptomatic cord signal edema, as well as the presence of tandem stenosis as defined above by incidental cervical stenosis during the workup of lumbar degenerative disease. Results There were no previous systematic reviews, randomized trials, or prospective studies on the management of tandem cervical and thoracic stenosis. Five studies, all retrospective reviews containing relevant data were included in the review. Asymptomatic cervical stenosis encountered in the investigation of lumbar symptoms was had a 23% incidence. A risk of 5% per year of development of myelopathy previously reported. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence in the literature to support the need for preemptive decompression for asymptomatic cervical cord compression with or without a correlative T2 hyperintense cord signal. Early diagnosis of radiculopathy or myelopathy in patients with cervical stenosis (i.e., through conversion of asymptomatic to symptomatic state) is important as each patient with in this clinical setting should be followed closely, as the literature shows the tendency for a clinical progression to eventual cervical myelopathy.
Clinical pharmacology and beta-blocking efficacy of propafenone.

Propafenone, like encainide and flecainide, is an antiarrhythmic drug characterized by slow kinetics of interaction with cardiac sodium channels. In addition, it shares structural similarities with propranolol and has been shown to exert consistent β-blocking action in vitro. On the other hand, the extent of β-blockade noted after oral administration of propafenone in vivo has been reported to range from undetectable to clinically significant
Autoregulated control of tubilin synthesis in animal cells

Expression of ~and [3-tubulin, the two major components of microtubules, is regulated in animal ceils by events that operate on two levels. The first of these is the transcriptional activation of one or more members of the small multigene families of about six to seven functional genes that encode either subunit. In addition to this, the appropriate quantitative level of tubulin expression is established through an apparently autoregulated pathway in which the stability of tubulin messenger RNA (mRNA) is governed by the concentration of its own end products, the tubulin subunits themselves.
The contributions of health communication research to campaign practice.

Health communication campaigns are a popular and widely used tool of the health communication practitioner. They are developed and implemented by local and state health departments, federal agencie...
Implications for HIV/AIDS Research and Education among Ethnic Minority Older Adults

ABSTRACT Purpose: Adults over 50 years of age constitute 11% of new AIDS cases reported (CDC, 2007). In addition to consistent rates of infection among older adults, there is a disproportionate impact of HIV/AIDS on ethnic minority older adults. Despite the steady rise and projections of increase, there is still a paucity of education and prevention programs targeting this population. This article addresses these demographic trends by reporting on findings about HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes toward sexuality, risk behaviors, and participation in HIV/AIDS education programs from an ethnically diverse sample of adults 50 years and older. Design and Methods: A purposive sample (N = 249) of ethnically and economically diverse adults 50 years and older were selected from 14 organizations in rural and urban settings in California. They were surveyed to determine their HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes toward sexuality, high-risk behaviors, and interest in participating in HIV/AIDS education prevention programs. Res...
The Affinity of Magnesium Binding Sites in the Bacillus subtilis RNase P·Pre-tRNA Complex Is Enhanced by the Protein Subunit†

The RNA subunit of bacterial ribonuclease P (RNase P) requires high concentrations of magnesium ions for efficient catalysis of tRNA 5‘-maturation in vitro. The protein component of RNase P, requir...
Enabling mass customization: computer‐driven alteration methods

Manufacturers have been struggling to meet the wants and needs of their customers without sacrificing the efficiencies and profits gained through mass production. Fortunately, developments in information technology have increased the probability of mass customization being adopted as an acceptable business paradigm. Almost every CAD system used in apparel patternmaking has some method that would enable mass customization through automatic alteration of patterns based on individual measurements. Although each has created an interface somewhat differently from all of the others, most have a number of preparatory activities in common that will allow “automatic” alterations to occur. This article outlines the activities involved in setting up CAD systems to automatically customize garments for fit.
The use of silt grain size parameters as a paleovelocity gauge: a critical review and case study

During the past decade, several reports have been published that infer paleovelocity of deep-sea currents from grain-size parameters of fine-grained sediments. Such inferences may be a gross oversimplification. Laboratory flume experiments and theoretical treatments of suspended sediment transport indicate that particles less than 30 μm in diameter are maintained in suspension by currents of less than 4 cm/sec. Also, there are several factors that influence sediment suspension other than velocity, of which velocity may be one of the least important. It is possible that coarse silt and very fine sand analyses could provide meaningful paleovelocity information; these sediments are maintained in suspension by currents with velocities in the 1 to 15 cm/sec range. This investigation of Weddell Sea sediments provides little encouragement for this method, however.
Human Capital and Rural Labor Issues

Among the remarkable successes of American economic development has been the release of labor from agriculture and related rural sectors. This success has not come without cost for rural areas, however, as their population share has fallen from 65% in 1890 to 43% in 1940 and to under 25% in 1990 (U.S. Bureau of Census). Between 1940 and 1990 average schooling of U.S. workers rose from 9.2 to 13.3 years. Furthermore, while the employment share of workers in professional and technical occupations, with an average education of 15.7 years in 1960, doubled from 10.1 to 21.3% between 1940 and
A posteriori error estimates for general numerical methods for Hamilton-Jacobi equations: part I: The steady state case

A new upper bound is provided for the L∞-norm of the difference between the viscosity solution of a model steady state Hamilton-Jacobi equation, u, and any given approximation, v. This upper bound is independent of the method used to compute the approximation v; it depends solely on the values that the residual takes on a subset of the domain which can be easily computed in terms of v. Numerical experiments investigating the sharpness of the a posteriori error estimate are given.
Effect of temperature and parasite density on three species ofAphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), parasitising California red scale

Three species ofAphytis parasites of California red scale,Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) were each confined at different densities with approximately equal numbers of scale insects at several constant temperatures to determine the effect of these factors on progeny production and distribution and the search rate. Egg location on the host body by the parasites was unaffected by temperature or parasite density.A. melinus laid its eggs both dorsally and ventrally in equal proportions whileA. lingnanensis andA. chrysomphali laid their eggs ventrally.
Abstract 4852: Comparison of manual and automated scoring of androgen receptor staining in prostate tissue.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Although manual scoring is generally used to evaluate the presence of androgen receptor (AR) protein as detected by immunohistochemistry in tissue, manual evaluation is tedious, inefficient and subjective. Therefore, manual scoring is not feasible for the evaluation of large numbers of patients. In this study, a technician (CP) rated AR staining in tissue sections of 3 tissue microarrays (TMAs) constructed from 3 cores each of benign and malignant tissue from 134 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1993 and 2006 at Roswell Park Cancer Institute. The manual scorer randomly sampled 50 nuclei from each core and scored each nuclei as not stained (score =0), or lightly (score = 1), moderately (score=2) or darkly (score = 3) stained. The average staining intensity was recorded per patient across the benign cores, and across the tumor cores. Automated staining used the Image Pro image processing program, in which the entire core was scanned, all nuclei segmented and average intensity values per between 0 (completely black) and 255 (completely white) were determined for each nucleus. The mean staining score for each core is calculated by taking the average of all the identified nuclei in the core, and an average intensity is calculated per patient across the benign cores, and across the malignant cores. The Pearson correlation between manual and automated scoring was 0.76. When stratified by benign or malignant tissue, the Pearson correlation between manual and automated scoring was 0.75 (benign) and 0.78 (malignant). Automated scoring of AR staining is comparable to manual scoring of AR in prostate tissue. In light of the greater efficiency of automated scoring, future evaluations of immunohistochemical staining may be usefully conducted using automated scoring of nuclei. Citation Format: Rochelle P. Ondracek, James L. Mohler, Catherine Pilarz, Sarah McEvoy, Karin Kasza, Carl Morrison, James Marshall. Comparison of manual and automated scoring of androgen receptor staining in prostate tissue. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4852. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4852
Comparative Human Rights: Literature, Art, Politics

What have literary studies contributed to scholarship on human rights? The occasion for asking the question seems timelier than ever. With ongoing financial crisis worsening the material foundation...
Further study of avoidance conditioning in toads

Acquisition and extinction of shuttle avoidance learning in Scaphiopus hammondi and Bufo woodhousei was studied. Five toads of each genera were given 20 training trials each day for 5 days, then 2 days of extinction. A buzzer-door lift CS compound was followed by shock onset 5.0 sec later during training. Five additional toads of each genera served as sensitization controls, and received the same number of CSs and USs, only noncontiguously. Both types of toads showed reliable acquisition of the shuttle response, but neither evidenced any resistance to extinction. The results were compared to a previous report of unsuccessful conditioning of S. hammondi. Van Bergeijk’s notion of behavioral passivity was discussed.
Caudal Spotting in the Beacon Fish (Hemigrammus ocellifer Characidae)

The beacon fish (Hemigrammus ocellifer) exhibits two phenotypes associated with spotting at the base of the caudal fin, with fish either possessing (H. o. ocellifer) or lacking (H. o. falsus) a prominent red spot in this region. Segregation patterns observed from the progenies of 15 different crosses support a hypothesis that caudal spotting in this species is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, for which the caudal spotting allele is completely dominant.
American Archaeology Textbooks as Reflections of the History of the Discipline

Textbooks introduce students to a discipline’s methods and goals. In combination with the desire of publishers to have up-to-date products, each textbook should, hypothetically, reflect the state of the art in a discipline at the time of its publication. Two series of multi-edition textbooks authored by the same individuals confirm the hypothesis for American archaeology that textbooks reflect disciplinary history. These volumes also indicate that textbook series, like much secondary literature, do not provide nuanced and thorough reflections of disciplinary history.
Tori in the diffeomorphism groups of simply-connected 4-manifolds

Let M be a closed simply-connected 4-manifold. All manifolds will be assumed smooth and oriented. The purpose of this paper is to classify up to conjugacy the topological subgroups of Diff(M) isomorphic to the 2-dimensional torus T2 (Theorem 1), and to give an explicit formula for the number of such conjugacy classes (Theorem 2). Such a conjugacy class corresponds uniquely to a weak equivalence class of effective T2-actions on M. Thus the classification problem is trivial unless M supports an effective T2-action. Orlik and Raymond showed that this happens if and only if M is a connected sum of copies of ± ;P2 and S2 × S2 (2), and so this paper is really a study of the different T2-actions on these manifolds.
p-VERSION Hierarchical Axisymmetric Shell Element for Heat Conduction

This paper presents a completely hierarchical, axisymmetric shell finite element for heat conduction. The element temperature field can be of arbitrary polynomial orders p: and Pq in the longitudinal (ξ) and the transverse (η) directions of the shell element. The approximation functions and the corresponding nodal variables for the axisymmetric shell element are derived by, first, constructing the one-dimensional hierarchical approximation functions of orders pξ;and pηand the corresponding hierarchical nodal operators for each of the two directions ξ and ηand then taking their product. Both the element approximation functions and the nodal variables are hierarchical. The formulation ensures C0 continuity across the interetemenl boundaries. The weak formulation of the Fourier heat conduction equation is constructed, and the element properties are derived using the weak formulation and the hierarchical element approximation. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and advan...
Perioperative Management of an Adolescent With Friedreich’s Ataxia and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Friedreich’s ataxia (FA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with an incidence of 1 : 50,000 which usually presents during adolescents. Given the progressive neurologic involvement, surgical intervention is frequently required for correction of orthopedic sequelae including scoliosis. Associated co-morbid conditions including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive lung disease, and diabetes mellitus may impact the perioperative care of such patients. We present a 14-year-old girl with FA presenting for posterior spinal fusion for the treatment of scoliosis. The perioperative management of such patients is discussed. J Med Cases. 2014;5(9):473-477 doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14740 / jmc1900w
Electronic Structure of Organometallic Compounds

A brief treatment of the concept of orbital interaction is given, particularly in reference to the transition metal-ligand bond. This is then applied to the σ splitting pattern for the MLn series where n = 6, 5, 4 (square planar and tetrahedral), 3, and 2 cases. Here M is a transition metal and L is a generic ligand with a σ donor function. A description is given for how the splitting pattern is modified when one or more of the ligands have π acceptor or donor functions. Several examples illustrate how symmetry can sometimes create modification to the normal electron counting rules. A detailed discussion is given of how to create the important valence orbitals of an MLn fragment and several examples are given of their use to build up the orbitals of large organometallic molecules. Finally, a detailed discussion is given of the construction and use of the isolobal analogy. Keywords: perturbation theory; fragment orbitals; isolobal analogy; SALC; polyene-MLn complexes; MO theory; electron counting; ML bonding
Impact of Different Antimicrobial Therapies on Clinical and Fiscal Outcomes of Patients with Bacteremia Due to Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a growing health problem, and uncertainties exist regarding the optimal therapy for bloodstream infection due to VRE. We conducted systematic comparative evaluations of the impact of different antimicrobial therapies on the outcomes of patients with bloodstream infections due to VRE. A retrospective study from January 2008 to October 2010 was conducted at Detroit Medical Center. Unique patients with blood cultures due to VRE were included and reviewed. Three major therapeutic classes were analyzed: daptomycin, linezolid, and β-lactams. Three multivariate models were conducted for each outcome, matching for a propensity score predicting the likelihood of receipt of one of the therapeutic classes. A total of 225 cases of bacteremia due to VRE were included, including 86 (38.2%) cases of VR Enterococcus faecalis and 139 (61.8%) of VR Enterococcus faecium. Bacteremia due to VR E. faecalis was more frequent among subjects treated with β-lactams than among those treated with daptomycin or linezolid. The median dose of daptomycin was 6 mg/kg of body weight (range, 6 to 12 mg/kg). After controlling for propensity score and bacteremia due to VR E. faecalis, differences in mortality were nonsignificant among the treatment groups. Therapy with daptomycin was associated with higher median variable direct cost per day than that for linezolid. This large study revealed the three therapeutic classes (daptomycin, linezolid, and β-lactams) are similarly efficacious in the treatment of bacteremia due to susceptible strains of VRE.
Electrosynthesis of Rh2(dpf)4(R) where dpf = N,N′-diphenylformamidinate anion and R = CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9 or C5H11

The electrosynthesis of Rh2(dpf)4(R) where dpf is the N,N′-diphenylformamidinate anion and R = CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9 or C5H11 was carried out in THF containing 0.2 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) and one of several alkyl iodides represented as RI. The initial step in the reaction involved a one-electron reduction of the Rh24+ unit in Rh2(dpf)4 to its Rh23+ form followed by a homogeneous reaction involving electrogenerated [Rh2(dpf)4]− and the alkyl iodide in solution to give Rh2(dpf)4(R). The homogeneously generated Rh25+ product was then immediately reduced by a second electron at the potential where [Rh2(dpf)4(R)]− is generated, giving [Rh2(dpf)4(R)]− which contains a Rh24+ center as a final product of an electrochemical ECE mechanism. The electrosynthesized [Rh2(dpf)4(CH3)]− derivative could be reoxidized to Rh2(dpf)4(CH3) on the reverse potential sweep and both forms of the CH3 bonded derivative were in situ characterized by cyclic voltammetry combined with UV-visible and/or ESR spectroscopy. The reversible Rh24+/3+ process of Rh2(dpf)4 is located at E1/2 = −1.11 V in THF, 0.2 M TBAP while the electrogenerated Rh2(dpf)4(R) products are substantially easier to reduce, with Ep values for the Rh25+/4+ couples ranging from −0.50 to −0.54 V vs.SCE depending upon the specific R group.
Error estimate of the Fourier-Bessel expansion in computation of field distributions

Formulation, solution, and numerical results are presented for the error estimation of the Fourier-Bessel expansion in the computation of field distribution in coaxial regions. It is shown that there exists an optimal number of terms of the expansion which gives the minimum mean square error. This optimal number of terms is a function of the eigenvalue uncertainties. >