cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of hydrodynamic lift forces by field-flow fractionation. Inertial and near-wall lift forces

Abstract Sedimentation/steric FFF has been used to measure hydrodynamic lift forces exerted on 2-30 μm latex microspheresdnven by flow through a 95 cm long ribbonlike FFF channel of ∼ 127 um thickness. Following a previous study, lift forces are examined as a function of shear rate, distance from the wall, and sphere size. Here, in contrast to the earlier study, measured lift forces are extended downward into a range corresponding to theoretical values of the inertial lift force. After corrections are made for secondary relaxation, it is found, as before, that a near-wall lift force proportional to l/δ (where δ is the particle-wall distance) dominates lift effects at small δ's. As δ increases and this force decays, the measured lift force assumes a value in good agreement with the inertial lift force predicted by the theory of Cox and Brenner as extended by subsequent workers. Over a broad range of conditions explored in almost 300 measurements, the results are consistent with a total lift force that equa...
Part-Time Graduate Electrical Engineering Program in the San Francisco Bay Area

The San Francisco Bay area has been rapidly growing in size and stature as one of the national centers of the electronics industry. In particular, the growth has been in companies and laboratories with a strong emphasis on research and development, in contrast to volume production. Such industry needs and seeks opportunities for graduate education for its engineers. The manner in which such opportunities have developed in the San Francisco area, especially at Stanford where the great majority of the part-time students are enrolled, provides an interesting example of how the needs of industry can be served within the academic objectives of an educational institution which serves primarily the full-time day student.
Increasing Young Low‐Income Children’s Oral Vocabulary Repertoires through Rich and Focused Instruction

Abstract This article reports on 2 studies with kindergarten and first‐grade children from a low‐achieving elementary school that provided vocabulary instruction by the students’ regular classroom teacher of sophisticated words (advanced vocabulary words) from children’s trade books that are typically read aloud. Study 1 compared the number of sophisticated words learned between 52 children who were directly taught the words and 46 children who received no instruction. As expected, children in the experimental group learned significantly more words. Study 2, a within‐subject design, examined 76 children’s learning of words under 2 different amounts of instruction, either 3 days or 6 days. In Study 2, the vocabulary gains in kindergarten and first‐grade children for words that received more instruction were twice as large. Student vocabulary was assessed by a picture test where students were presented with pictures that represented different words and were asked to identify which picture represented the wo...
Effects of in vivo T lymphocyte subset depletion on mycobacterial infections in mice

The relative importance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in the expression of acquired resistance to systemic infection by Mycobacterium kansasii was determined. T cell subsets were depleted in thymectomized C57BL/6 mice by the intravenous administration of monoclonal antibodies directed against the relevant T cell determinants. Depletion of the CD4+ subset exacerbated the severity of the infection in intravenously challenged mice. This effect was apparent in the first 2 weeks of the infection and persisted throughout the 12 weeks of the study. On the other hand, depletion of the CD8+ cells had no apparent effect on the growth curves. Infections by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Erdman or bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Pasteur were also substantially enhanced by CD4 depletion, but not by the depletion of CD8+ cells. The effect of subset depletion on infections by M. tuberculosis and BCG was examined in both innately susceptible C57BL/6 mice and innately resistant B6D2 mice.
Environmental Pediatrics and Its Impact on Government Health Policy

Recent public recognition that children are different from adults in their exposures and susceptibilities to environmental contaminants has its roots in work that began >46 years ago, when the American Academy of Pediatrics (APA) established a standing committee to focus on children's radiation exposures. We summarize the history of that important committee, now the AAP Committee on Environmental Health, including its statements and the 1999 publication of the AAP Handbook of Pediatric Environmental Health, and describe the recent emergence of federal and state legislative and executive actions to evaluate explicitly environmental health risks to children. As a result in large part of these efforts, numerous knowledge gaps about children's health and the environment are currently being addressed. Government efforts began in the 1970s to reduce childhood lead poisoning and to monitor birth defects and cancer. In the 1990s, federal efforts accelerated with the Food Quality Protection Act, an executive order on children's environmental health, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry/Environmental Protection Agency Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units, and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/Environmental Protection Agency Centers of Excellence in Research in Children's Environmental Health. In this decade, the Children's Environmental Health Act authorized the National Children's Study, which has the potential to address a number of critical questions about children's exposure and health. The federal government has expanded efforts in control and prevention of childhood asthma and in tracking of asthma, birth defects, and other diseases that are linked to the environment. Efforts continue on familiar problems such as the eradication of lead poisoning, but new issues, such as prevention of childhood exposure to carcinogens and neurotoxins other than lead, and emerging issues, such as endocrine disruptors and pediatric drug evaluations, are in the forefront. More recently, these issues have been taken up by states and in the international arena.
Efficacy of Neonatal Release of Ankyloglossia: A Randomized Trial

Ankyloglossia has been associated with a variety of infant-feeding problems. Frenotomy commonly is performed for relief of ankyloglossia, but there has been a lack of convincing data to sup- port this practice. OBJECTIVES: Our primary objective was to determine whether freno- tomy for infants with ankyloglossia improved maternal nipple pain and ability to breastfeed. A secondary objective was to determine whether frenotomy improved the length of breastfeeding. METHODS: Over a 12-month period, neonates who had difficulty breast- feeding and significant ankyloglossia were enrolled in this randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial and assigned to either a frenotomy (30 infants) or a sham procedure (28 infants). Breastfeeding was assessed by a preintervention and postintervention nipple-pain scale and the Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool. The same tools were used at the 2-week follow-up and regularly scheduled follow-ups over a 1-year pe- riod. The infants in the sham group were given a frenotomy before or at the 2-week follow-up if it was desired. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated statistically significantly de- creased pain scores after the intervention. The frenotomy group im- proved significantly more than the sham group (P.001). Breastfeed- ing scores significantly improved in the frenotomy group (P.029) without a significant change in the control group. All but 1 parent in the sham group elected to have the procedure performed when their in- fant reached 2 weeks of age, which prevented additional comparisons between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated immediate improvement in nipple- pain and breastfeeding scores, despite a placebo effect on nipple pain. This should provide convincing evidence for those seeking a frenotomy for infants with signficant ankyloglossia. Pediatrics 2011;128:280-288
Analyzing Component Importance in Multifunction Multicapability Systems Developmental Maturity Assessment

Recently, a system maturity scale, i.e., system readiness level (SRL), was proposed to measure the maturity that a system achieves during development. However, this SRL assesses maturity for systems from only a single function and capability perspective, and is unable to assess maturity for multifunction multicapability (MFMC) systems. With ever increasing systems that provide multiple functions and capabilities, it is challenging for managers to properly allocate resources to ensure the achievement of critical capabilities and functions. In order to prioritize the allocation of resources for component development, it is common to perform importance analysis during system development and maintenance. Therefore, this paper first enhances the original SRL definition for maturity assessment at the capability, function, and system levels, and then, proposes the use of component importance analysis for the identification of the most important components for system development. This paper approaches component importance by introducing three important measures with respects to three main factors: technology readiness level/integration readiness level, developing cost, and developing effort. The paper uses an illustrative example of a MFMC system to show the proposed methodology and enhanced definitions and concludes with a discussion of the added value and future work.
The Symbolic Meaning of Relationships: Implications for Psychological Distress Following Relationship Loss

Previous studies have argued that the symbolic meaning of relationships affects individuals' psychological well-being and that the particular symbolic meanings attached to relationships may affect how individuals respond to the loss of those relationships. However, previous research has not directly studied the symbolic content of relationships and how that content is linked to well-being. In this study, we focus on the adult child/parent relationship because it is often viewed as a social relationship with significant symbolic value. We analyze both qualitative and quantitative data to: (1) identify symbolic meanings that relationships with parents hold for adult children; (2) consider how particular symbolic meanings are related to more traditional measures of relationship quality; and (3) examine how symbolic meanings are associated with adults' psychological reactions following the death of the parent. We provide theoretical and empirical support for the argument that the symbolic meanings of relation...
Memory controller design in VLSI

The author presents an overview of the 370 microprocessor chip set, which consists of the processing unit, floating-point, bus-to-bus adapter, cache controller, and memory controller chips. The memory controller is described in detail. The existing CMOS 1- mu m technology and design system are illustrated from logic input up to mask data generation. Logic simulation aspects are described in a way suitable for designers. The primary tasks of a memory controller are shown, subdivided into controller-controlled functions (refresh, error detection and correction, address checking, scrib), additional features (diagnostics, speed control, debug facilities, self-test on chip), and system-controlled functions, (memory accesses, message commands). Performance data of the realized memory controller and its floorplan are given. Costs and turnaround times are discussed. >
Direction-of-arrival methods (DOA) and time difference of arrival (TDOA) position location technique

This paper provides a detailed overview of the various methods for estimation of direction-of-arrival (also called angle-of-arrival) of a radio signal using an antenna array. The array-based directional-of-arrival (DOA) estimation techniques considered here are broadly divided into two different types: conventional techniques, and subspace based techniques. Conventional methods are based on classical beam forming techniques and require a large number of elements to achieve high resolution. Subspace based methods are high resolution sub-optimal techniques which exploit the eigen structure of the input data matrix. This paper also uses the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) technique for estimating the time difference between the received signals to base stations of a certain subscriber using the generalized cross correlation method. The Fang's method and Chan's method are used in solving the resulting hyperbolic equations for finding the position location (PL) of a certain subscriber. The Fang's method and Chan's method give accurate and same result. This means that, an accurate position location estimation of a certain subscriber requires an efficient hyperbolic position location estimation method. The paper also clarifies that a more data samples give a more accurate result
It is time to beelieve the CD1a hype

Conventional T cells have historically been linked to exacerbating allergy. By efficiently generating primarily TH 2 cells, allergens skew the immune response to produce IL-4, IL-13, and IgE. Previously, CD1a-responsive T cells were shown to functionally respond to bee and wasp venom allergens. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Subramaniam et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2016. 46: 242-252] show that more functionally active CD1a-restricted cells are present in bee venom-allergic patients than in healthy patients. Additionally, the authors show that these cells are not as frequently found in individuals receiving venom immunotherapy. Consequently, this study implicates CD1a-reactive cells as the primary responders to venom allergy, which considerably regulate the downstream immune response.
Abstract 334: Confusion: Bereaved Caregiver Perspectives on the End-of-Life Experience with a Left Ventricular Assist Device

Background: For patients and their loved ones, decisions at the end-of-life in the setting of chronic progressive illness are among the most complex in medicine. Complicating these decisions are increasingly available, invasive, and potentially life-prolonging technologies. One such technology is the left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Understanding the experience of dying with an LVAD can guide efforts to minimize distress for patients and their caregivers. Objective: To synthesize caregivers’ perspectives about the caregiver and patient experience with care transitions at end-of-life with LVAD. Methods: We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with bereaved caregivers of patients with LVADs previously cared for at the University of Colorado. We excluded caregivers if the patient’s death had occurred greater than 3 years prior to the interview date. Data were analyzed using a mixed inductive and deductive approach. Results: Between September and November 2014, 8 bereaved caregivers were interviewed. Interview durations ranged from 31-65 minutes (mean=40). The majority (n=5) were widows of the patients; other caregivers included 2 friends and a mother. Caregivers described three main themes that coalesced around feelings of confusion in those final days and weeks with their loved ones: 1) confusion about the process of death with an LVAD: “[my daughter] said ‘You know Mom, he probably can't die. Even though he wants to. Because everything is keeping him going’”; 2) confusion about the legal and ethically permissible care of patients approaching death with an LVAD: “They don't actually turn it off until certain signs aren't there, ‘cause as long as there’s a chance you know? It would be considered murder.”; 3) confusion about the fragmented integration of palliative and hospice care: “He was bleeding again. And I didn't know what to do. I didn't know if we could take him to the ER? And I really didn't understand palliative care, in its entirety.” Conclusions: Despite increasing use of LVADs in patients with advanced heart failure, bereaved caregivers of LVAD patients describe a high level of confusion at the end of life: about the nature of the death, about the medical decisions to be made, and about the support services provided. There remains a need to develop LVAD-specific support for caregivers, as well as hospice and palliative care programs, to manage complex patient care needs at the end-of-life.
The Effects of 3-Methylindole on Hemolysis, Transport of 22Na+, and ATPase Activities of Bovine Erythrocytes

Biochemical effects of 3MI on cellular membranes were investigated. This study was conducted to examine the effects of 3MI on the hemolysis of erythrocytes, the transport of 22Na+ in resealed erythrocyte ghosts, and on the ATPase activities of erythrocyte membranes. The percent of hemolysis as a function of 3MI incubation time was sigmoidal. Seventy-five percent of the hemoglobin was released with the second 2 hr of incubation during which the concentration of 3MI in the cells reached a plateau of 2500 mug/ml of packed RBC. The effect of 3MI at a subhemolytic concentration on passive and active 22Na+ transport were not significant. The total and Mg2+-dependent ATPase activities in the membranes were significantly increased after 1 hr of incubation with 3MI at concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mug/ml (P less than or equal to 0/ml (P smaller than or equal to 0.02).
Separation of Asphaltenes by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography with Fraction Characterization

The use of a 4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm cyanopropyl column is effective for the liquid chromatography (LC) separation of asphaltenes with sequential ultraviolet (UV) and florescence detection. The mobile-phase composition is an optimized gradient from acetonitrile (MeCN) and water to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). A low flow rate of 0.5 mL min–1 is used to maintain lower operating pressure to minimize aggregate formation. Using a 0.02 g L–1 asphaltene sample for preliminary optimization, three peaks, with two partially resolved, are evident in the fluorescence chromatogram. The UV chromatogram revealed an extra weakly retained peak, suggesting aggregates that quench fluorescence. Aggregation of asphaltenes increases with time up to about 10 h and is dependent upon the choice of sample solvent. On the basis of the reversed-phase mobile-phase gradient, the relative polarity of the peaks from least to most retained can be estimated over the polarity index (P′) range from about 6.3–4.3 on a s...
American Indian Policy in the Twentieth Century

Indians as human communities changing and developing through the years. Historians have been affected by this mistake as well as movie and television addicts. What has engaged the attention of scholars is the relations between whites and Indians in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries; the ninteenth more than any other century is the subject matter of the thousands upon thousands of books and articles about Indian affairs that rest on our library shelves. And the flood, as yet, has not been significantly diverted into more contemporary channels. Historical studies on Indians published in recent years include a heavy percentage of books in the old mode-on Indian removal, Indian traders, Grant's peace policy, and Custer and the Indian wars, for example. In a collection of biographies of Indian leaders published in 1980, only two of the twelve chapters deal with twentieth-century figures. A general college textbook on Indian history called The American Indian: Prehistory to the Present, published in 1980, has nineteen chapters covering 512 pages on the period up to 1900 and only two chapters of 63 pages on the years since 1900. Again, the second edition of a book of readings on Indian affairs, published in 1981 and called The American Indian: Past and Present, reprints twenty-four articles, but only seven of them touch the twentieth century in any significant way.' All this is not to deny that there has been some interest in more recent Indian history. John Collier's career has been thoroughly covered, and there is a scattering of books and articles on other twentieth-century topics. It is a trend that no doubt will
Analysis on Tuberculosis Control Project in Pengshan County,1995-2007

Objective To evaluate the effect of the tuberculosis(TB) control project in Pengshan County and provide scientific base for the TB control and treatment in the future.Methods The analysis was conducted on the data of TB cases from quarterly report,monthly report,registry of new patients,registry of TB patients and registry of the patients having sputum testing from 1995 to 2007 in Pengshan.Result During 13 years,1368 smear positive pulmonary TB cases was detected and the registry rate of smear positive TB increased from 33.62/100,000 in 1995 to 52.55/100,000 in 2007;there were 1 021 new smear positive cases with the new smear positive case registry rate of 24.43/100,000,and the average cure rate of first treated smear positive patients was 91.38% and that of re-treated smear positive patients was 87.90%.Conclusions Registry rate of TB patients in Pengshan showed an increasing tendency,and the cure rate of TB exceed 85% set by the Ministry of Health for TB control project.
A Systematic Review of the Effect of Rotavirus Vaccination on Diarrhea Outcomes Among Children Younger Than 5 Years

Background:Rotavirus is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable diarrhea among children under 5 globally. Rotavirus vaccination has been shown to prevent severe rotavirus infections with varying efficacy and effectiveness by region.Methods:We sought to generate updated region-specific estimates of
Jejunal feeding in the absence of reflux increases nasogastric output in critically ill trauma patients

Nasojejunal feeding of trauma patients is becoming a common practice. Aspiration rate comparisons between jejunal versus gastric-fed patients have been shown to be equal. We performed a retrospective evaluation of gastric output in 51 trauma patients who tolerated initiation and advancement of nasojejunal feedings. Gastric output was measured in the absence of reflux of feeds. Gastric output was compared over a 24-hour interval before initiation of feeds and after advancement to nutritionally complete levels. The increase in gastric output was found to be significant [301.9 +/- 19.8 mL/day before feeds, 587.8 +/- 47.1 mL/day (P = 0.01) after advancement of feeds]. The overall documented pulmonary aspiration rate in these patients was 5.9 per cent. Because of this significant increase in gastric output, nasogastric residual check should be performed routinely in patients receiving nasojejunal feeding.
Concept Mapping of PMTCT Implementation Challenges and Solutions Across 6 sub-Saharan African Countries in the NIH-PEPFAR PMTCT Implementation Science Alliance.

Objective: Although tremendous gains have been made to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) globally evidence-based practice implementation remains inconsistent in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to identify the key domains for effective prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) implementation using a participatory mixed-methods approach. Methods: Participants were members of the NIH-PEPFAR PMTCT Implementation Science Alliance (ISA) a platform of researchers public-health practitioners policymakers and donors supported through NIH / PEPFAR. We used concept mapping to identify priority areas for PMTCT implementation science. Participants responded to the focus question: “In your experience what factors have facilitated or hindered implementation of PMTCT interventions?” Responses were consolidated into discrete statements grouped together based on similarity and rated for importance changeability and extent to which ISA participation enhanced the capacity to influence / change the factor. Results: Using multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis we identified 12 key domains of PMTCT implementation. Two domains (Governmental Commitment and Data Measurement & Collection) were consistently ranked at or near the top for overall importance perceived changeability and enhanced ability to address through ISA participation. Discussion: Through a stakeholder-based participatory approach we identified key domains for that should be considered for future PMTCT implementation research in sub-Saharan Africa. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health Inc.
A RE-ANALYSIS OF THE ROUTES OF CORONADO AND ONATE INTO THE PLAINS IN 1541 AND 1601

A re-study based upon translations of the original documents is made of the many published routes suggested for Coronado's and Onatefs routes in to the Plains. The point is made that disagreements among historians stem from the differing initial point of reference, a bridge thrown across a large river. Others have identified this river as the Pecos but Schroeder feels the evidence shows this is the Canadian River. Coronadofs route is then traced across the Plains to the Cimarron River. From this point to Quivira Schroeder is in agreement with other historians that the route was along the Arkansas River. He also agrees with Wedel!s archaeological location of Quivira as being in the Rice-McPherson County area of Kansas. The separate routes of Coronado's army and party are then traced back to the Pecos Pueblo along what Schroeder deduces to have been more or less a straight line across the Oklahoma-Texas Panhandles. Onate1s later trip into the Plains is compared with Coronado's. Con sidered in some detail are the inter vening location of the Apachean and Plains Caddoan groups in relation to each other as suggested by the state ments of the various chroniclers. The conclusion is reached that Onatefs Quivira was located farther south than that visited by Coronado. Sch roeder feels that Wedelfs archaeolog ical work supports this view and con cludes that Onate's Quivira extended slightly farther south along the Chicaskia River near Ponca City,Okla homa.
Blast-Induced Damage Mapping Framework for Use in Threat-Dependent Progressive Collapse Assessment of Building Frames

AbstractThis paper proposes a methodology for mapping structural damage onto building frames due to exterior blast threats for use in a threat-dependent progressive collapse assessment. The proposed approach contrasts with current practice, which typically relies on a threat-independent approach for progressive collapse analysis. Damage is mapped to the structure based on the calculated response of the discrete structural components (particularly the columns) to a blast-induced pressure time history. Contours of structural damage can then be mapped over the building face for discrete combinations of charges and standoffs. For a prototype reinforced concrete building frame, calculated distributions of damage for conventional explosive threats suggest that the current state-of-practice approach (in which damage is represented with a single column removal) may not constitute a generally conservative strategy for progress collapse-resistant design. The proposed framework can be used to determine standoff dist...
Cortical Thickness Measurements from 1.5T vs. 3T MRI in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (P4.179)

Objective: To evaluate differences in cortical thickness from 1.5T vs. 3T MRI in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients vs. normal controls (NC). Background: Cortical thinning on MRI is an early feature in MS and is related to neurologic impairment. The measurement of cortical thickness is challenging due to the complex anatomy involved. The growing availability of 3T and higher field strength MRI brings the potential to provide more reliable cortical segmentation. Methods: We studied 15 MS patients [11 relapsing and 4 progressive types, 12 (80[percnt]) women, age (mean±SD) 50.3±8 years, disease duration 18.5±10.4 years, Expanded Disability Status Score 3.0±2.1, timed 25-foot walk 6.1±2.6 seconds] and 15 NC [age 37.7±9.7 years, 10 (67[percnt]) women]. All subjects underwent cerebral MRI at 1.5T (GE Signa) and 3T (Siemens Skyra) using 3D-T1-weighted high resolution sequences. Cortical thickness (CTh) was measured in 68 regions across both hemispheres using the fully automated FreeSurfer pipeline. Agreement between 1.5T and 3T data was compared by estimated mean differences, standard deviation of differences, Bland-Altman plots, and Pearson9s correlation coefficients. MS vs. NC group comparisons were age-adjusted. Results: 1.5T-derived CTh showed a low agreement with 3T-derived CTh measures (Pearson’s correlations averaged 0.543). At 1.5T, the left paracentral cortex was thinner in MS vs. NC (mean 2.08 vs. 2.29 mm, p=0.045). At 3T, two cortical regions were significantly thinner in MS vs. NC [right temporal pole (mean 3.55 vs. 3.69 mm, p=0.028), left fusiform (mean 2.70 vs. 2.80 mm, p=0.047)]. Conclusion: Field strength plays a role in measuring regional cortical atrophy. 1.5T-derived CTh measures are not interchangeable with those derived from 3T MRI. 3T scans detected more areas of cortical thinning than 1.5T in patients with MS vs. healthy subjects. Disclosure: Dr. Tummala has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khalid has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dupuy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tauhid has nothing to disclose. Dr. Healy has received research support from Merck Serono, Novartis and Genzyme. Dr. Bakshi has received research support from Biogen, EMD Serono, Novartis, Questcor, Sanofi/Genzyme, and Teva Neuroscience.
Just a Big Misunderstanding? Bias and Affective Polarization

Extreme partisan animosity, sometimes called partyism, has been on the rise in the US and is prevalent around the world. Much of the research on partyism posits that it is driven by social group identity and/or motivated reasoning. I propose a novel, behavioral economics-based explanation for partyism: the cognitive bias of overprecision (overconfidence in precision of beliefs). Overprecision could cause partyism indirectly via inflated perceptions of social distance, enhanced political extremism, or strengthened partisanship. These effects could then lead to increased partyism for other reasons such as motivated reasoning. Overprecision could also cause partyism directly via excessively strong negative inferences from observed skewed or misunderstood information. Using a nationally representative sample, I find consistent support for direct effects of overprecision and mixed support for indirect effects. The point estimates imply a one standard increase deviation in a respondent's overprecision predicts as much as a 0.71 standard deviation decline in relative out-party favorability.
Early feeding tolerance in small for gestational age infants with normal versus abnormal antenatal Doppler characteristics.

OBJECTIVES To determine differences in feeding tolerance amongst preterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants with normal versus abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flow defined as absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AREDF). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of infants <35 weeks gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) <10th percentile. Day of initiation of feeds, days to full feeds and CRIB II scores were the primary outcomes. Clinical characteristics were compared between the groups of SGA infants with normal and AREDF. Multivariable regression models were fit to the data to adjust for potential confounders of the association of AREDF and feeding intolerance. RESULTS 120 infants with normal and 64 infants with AREDF were included. The infants with AREDF were smaller (971 g vs. 1183 g, p = 0.0002), less mature (29.9 wks vs. 31.2 wks, p = 0.0009), had higher CRIB II score (7.2 vs. 5.2, p = 0.0033), started feeding later (4.1 days vs. 3.3 days, p = 0.020) and advanced slower to full feeds (17.7 days vs. 13.7 days, p = 0.0017). Necrotizing enterocolitis was similar between the groups (p = 0.18). After adjusting for confounders, Doppler flow was no longer a significant predictor of the initiation (p = 0.37) and advancement of feeds (p = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Infants with AREDF are sicker at birth and have more feeding difficulties; after adjusting for BW and GA, Doppler flow was no longer a significant predictor of feeding intolerance.
Touch reduces romantic jealousy in the anxiously attached

Feelings of jealousy are usually detrimental to relationships, often resulting in negative outcomes ranging from conflict to violence and relationship dissolution. Anxiously attached individuals ar...
Blind Identification of Linear Structures

Abstract The blind identification of possibly singular linear structures is considered in this paper. It is shown, in a constructive proof, that general linear structures is identifiable by its output statistics if and only if all sources are non-Gaussian. A set of sufficient conditions for the identifiability of linear structures using only the fourth-order cumulants are also given that generalize existing identifiability conditions
Current development of 1D and 2D metallic nanomaterials for the application of transparent conductors in solar cells: Fabrication and modeling

Abstract Although transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) including indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO) and Aluminum-doped Zinc oxide (AZO) have been commercialized, and they can be found in many consumer electronics, TCOs are mechanically brittle and this issue actually limits them to the application of future flexible solar cell devices. Therefore, one-dimensional (1D) metallic materials such as nanowires (NWs) have widely studied as transparent conductors because they exhibit excellent electrical and optical properties due to the quantum confinement effect that occurs in such structural one-dimensionality. More importantly, they are ductile as compared to traditional TCOs. Since demand for modern electronic devices have been escalating, a great variety of 1D materials such as bimetallic or core–shell metallic NWs, metal–oxide, metal–CNTs/Graphene and metal–polymer composite 1-D nanomaterials have been developing owing to the fact that their electrical, optical, and mechanical performance becomes several order of magnitude higher than the pure metal NWs, especially under extreme mechanical and chemical conditions. Derived from those metal NW researches, advanced two-dimensional (2D) metallic materials such as nanomesh and nanogrid are designed as potential alternative to replace either conventional TCO films or random metal NW-based films due to their ample carriers (electrons) can transport consistently through this solid metallic network and are collected by the contact terminals without significantly compromising the optical transmittance. Moreover, metal nanomesh and nanogrid architectures possesses excellent flexibility, which can withstand even more harsh mechanical conditions. Therefore, they can provide a great potential for the emerging super-flexible and stretchable devices. Despite the aforementioned advantages, scalable fabrication of 1D and 2D nanomaterials is still a challenging research topic, in terms of the yield and quality. To integrate nanoscale building blocks into high-performance devices further requires more sophisticated designs. In this review, we emphasize on the current development of 1D and 2D nanomaterials in the application of transparent conductors in renewable energy devices. Computational simulation methods for property prediction and device design will also be reviewed. Additionally, we also discuss the promising fabrication methods for those nanomaterials that are considered to be scalable, applicable, and budget-wise to this solar industry.
Procedures for PET Studies

In this chapter, different protocols for common PET procedures are described to provide a general understanding of how a PET study is performed. Only four procedures are included, namely whole-body PET imaging with 18F-FDG, PET/CT whole-body imaging with 18F-FDG, myocardial perfusion imaging with 82Rb-RbCl, and myocardial metabolic imaging with 18F-FDG. The procedures described here are generic in that there are variations in the detail of each procedure from institution to institution. Different institutions employ different techniques in immobilizing the patient on the table. Use of CT contrast agents in PET/CT is still a debatable issue, and some investigators use them, while others do not. While glucose loading is essential for myocardial 18F-FDG studies in patients with low fasting glucose levels, there are varied opinions as to the lowest limit of glucose level at which glucose loading should be provided and what amount of glucose should be given orally. In lymphoma and colorectal studies, it is desirable to have a Foley catheter secured to the patient to eliminate extraneous activity in the bladder, but perhaps it is not universally employed by all.
Improving Negotiation Effectiveness with Skills of Emotional Competence

How do thoughtful negotiators manage the tension that is inevitable in trying to maximize their own outcome, yet recognize that by creating mutually shared value in the negotiation process, both sides are more likely to attain their respective goals? In this brief essay I will offer a set of skills that comprise emotional competence, which will benefit negotiators personally as well as the interests of their constituencies and superiors whose positions they are expected to represent. Eight skills of emotional competence are listed: (1) awareness of one’s emotional state, including multiple emotions; (2) skill in discerning and understanding others’ emotions; (3) skill in using the vocabulary of emotion; (4) capacity for empathic and sympathetic involvement in others’ emotional experiences; (5) skill in realizing that inner emotional state need not correspond to outer expression and taking this into account in one’s self-presentation strategies; (6) skill in regulating emotional reactions in coping adaptively with distressing circumstances; (7) awareness that the structure or nature of relationships is in part defined by how emotion is communicated; and (8) capacity for emotional self-efficacy that is integrated with one’s personal integrity and moral sense. Emotional competence may help in managing complex negotiations, which invariably entail ambiguity, multiple counterparts or teams, time pressure, perception of crisis or high risks, dynamic interpersonal influences, and multiple layers of culture that interact in the negotiation process.
Inpatient utilization of naloxone at a tertiary cancer center.

e18830Background: Opioids are the mainstay of pain management in cancer patients, but may be associated with respiratory depression and excessive sedation, likely a result of opioid overdose. Hospi...
Modularity is the Key A New Approach to Social Media Privacy Policies

Social media privacy policies are the legal documents which provide inside information about the collection, storage, and access to user data. These policies are often long and convoluted for an average internet user to comprehend. Agreeing to such policies without proper knowledge is dangerous for a user's online privacy and security, mirroring to offline impacts as well. Prior work has largely concentrated on improving the accessibility of these privacy policies, but does not address the need for the flexibility in the user's c hoice. Our study examines the existing social media privacy policies, especially that of Facebook and targets to map the policy statements to the distinct services offered. Our proposed Modularized Privacy Policy Model (MPPM) allows users to agree to specific services which they wish to use. Modularizing the privacy policies based on the services creates a service-policy map for developers which lets them easily tie in new features to the corresponding functionality of social media platforms.
[B30]‐: A Quasiplanar Chiral Boron Cluster.

The [B30]- cluster is produced by a laser vaporization cluster source and characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT calculations.The most stable structure is found to be quasiplanar with a hexagonal hole.
Analytical considerations associated with implementing M2+ correction factors to address false positives on As and Se within U.S. EPA method 200.8

Rare earth elements (REE) can produce M2+ ions in ICP-MS and 150Nd2+, 150Sm2+, and 156Gd2+ can produce false positives on 75As and 78Se. Alternative instrumental tuning conditions, that utilize lower He flows within the collision cell, reduce these false positives by a factor of 2 (to 0.8 ppb As and 19 ppb Se in solutions containing 50 ppb Nd and Gd) with comparable 16O35Cl+ reduction (<100 ppt false 51V in 0.4% HCl) and Se sensitivity (DL < 1 ppb). Further reduction of these false positives is achieved by estimating the M2+ correction factors and utilizing them in the interference-correction software. Approaches to estimating the M2+ correction factor were evaluated with an emphasis on techniques that tolerate daily variability in end-user backgrounds and their ability to reduce the initial and ongoing purity requirements associated with the rare earth standards used to estimate the M2+ correction factor. The direct elemental and polyatomic overlaps associated with unit-mass approaches tend to overcorrect as non-rare-earth signals as small as 30 cps at the unit mass can induce bias relative to the <300 cps signals associated with the M2+ from a 50 ppb REE standard solution. Alternatively, shifting the M2+ estimate to a half mass (i.e., m/z 71.5: 143Nd2+) eliminates the direct overlap source of bias and allows the unit mass signal to approach 150 000 cps before it bleeds over on the 1/2 mass because of abundance sensitivity limitations. The performance of the half-mass approach was evaluated in reagent water and regional tap waters fortified with Nd, Sm, and Gd at 2 ppb and 50 ppb. In addition, a half-mass in-sample approach was also evaluated. This approach was found to be beneficial relative to the external or fixed-factor half-mass approach as it could compensate for instrument drift and matrix-induced shifts in the M2+ factors. Finally, all results were evaluated relative to the As and Se concentrations determined using an ICP-QQQ in mass shift mode and a high-resolution ICP-MS.
Intergenerational Effects of Sevoflurane in Young Adult Rats.

Background:Sevoflurane administered to neonatal rats induces neurobehavioral abnormalities and epigenetic reprogramming of their germ cells; the latter can pass adverse effects of sevoflurane to future offspring. As germ cells are susceptible to reprogramming by environmental factors across the life
Ultrastable mirror assembly design (Conference Presentation)

Direct imaging of exoearths with high-contrast internal coronagraphs depends on ultra-stable opto-mechanical systems. Ultra-stable mirror assemblies enable decadal survey missions like LUVOIR and HabEx. To precisely define the necessary level of stability, the essential first step is to budget the maximum allowable disturbances for each optic in the system. Ideally, allocations are budgeted with respect to spatial- and time-domain frequencies. If allocations do not span these domains, the optic assembly designer cannot take advantage of frequency bands where requirements are looser because of assumptions about telescope control systems and internal coronagraph filtering. This paper explores how mirror assembly technologies and designs are predicted to impact stability, especially within the frequency bands that drive coronagraph contrast performance.
Free flap salvage from venous thrombosis by creation of a venocutaneous fistula: Case report and review of the literature.

Background Venous congestion is the most frequently reported complication of free flap tissue transfer in head and neck patient with cancer. Numerous methods are utilized and prompt correction is necessary to prevent flap failure. Methods A 77-year-old woman underwent oral cavity resection and neck dissection for squamous cell carcinoma followed by radial forearm free flap for reconstruction. Three days later, the flap became congested and surgical exploration revealed extensive venous thrombosis throughout the free flap venous system and internal jugular vein. The flap vein was evacuated and flowing, and a venocutaneous fistula was created thereafter. Results Venocutaneous fistula resulted in flap decongestion and successful salvage. The patient was discharged from the hospital with no further flap or surgical complications. Conclusion When anatomical revision of the venous anastomosis is not feasible in a venous-congested free flap, the creation of a venocutaneous fistula should be considered as a viable option for salvage.
Who Welcomes Kids: A User Role and Workflow Analysis of Refugee Care Visits within an Academic Pediatric Care Center

Background: For children who arrive as refugees, the healthcare system can be overwhelming. Appropriate management of the unique medical, developmental, and psychosocial needs in refugee populations requires coordination of multiple care providers and proper handling of incoming information. Guidance for refugee care differs from standard well childcare in many ways. Often, it can require tasks be completed prior to seeing a child in the office. Many of these tasks could be made more efficient through properly designed clinical decision support (CDS). Objective: To …
Data-driven quality assurance to prevent erroneous test results.

Increasing laboratory automation and efficiency requires quality assurance (QA) approaches to ensure that reported results are precise and accurate. Prerequisites for designing optimal QA strategie...
Impact of Injury Severity on the Inflammatory State and Severe Anemia.

Abstract Background Severe traumatic injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Our goal was to analyze blunt traumatic injury by injury severity score (ISS) and compare with elective hip repair, as a transient injury, and healthy control with the hypothesis that more severe injury would lead to an increase in neuroendocrine activation, systemic inflammation, and worse anemia. Materials and methods A prospective observational cohort study was performed at a level 1 trauma center, comparing blunt trauma patients (n = 37), elective hip replacement patients (n = 26), and healthy controls (n = 8). Bone marrow and plasma were assessed for hyperadrenergic state, erythropoiesis, and systemic inflammation. Trauma patient's ISS ranged from 4 to 41 and were broken down into quartiles for analysis. The ISS quartiles were 4-13, 14-20, 21-26, and 27-41. Results Plasma norepinephrine, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and hepcidin increased progressively as ISS increased. Hemoglobin significantly decreased as ISS increased and packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion increased as ISS increased. Elective hip replacement patients had an appropriate increase in the bone marrow expression of erythropoietin and the erythropoietin receptor, which was absent in all trauma patient groups. Conclusions Increased neuroendocrine activation, systemic inflammation, and anemia correlated with worsening injury severity, lower age, and increased pRBC transfusions. Elective hip replacement patients have only minimal systemic inflammation with an appropriate bone marrow response to anemia. This study demonstrates a link between injury severity, neuroendocrine activation, systemic inflammation, and the bone marrow response to anemia.
Role of the Plasma Membrane In Growth Regulation and Neoplasia

In earlier chapters, we discussed the structures of biological membranes and the relationship of structure to basic membrane functions, such as compartmentation, transport, and molecular reception. We saw that, by and large, membranes in unicellular organisms perform the same functions as those in more complex biologic systems. In this chapter, regulatory interactions in multicellular organisms will be discussed, interactions that may prove to be far more complex than those occurring in unicellular organisms. We shall consider the role of the cytoplasmic membrane in mammalian cell growth regulation and carcinogenesis. In spite of the complexity of the problems at hand and the paucity of concrete information on this subject, the possible relevance of microbial studies to cell surface-mediated growth regulation will be discussed.