cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of dissolved organic matter in northern peatland soil porewaters by ultra high resolution mass spectrometry

Abstract Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) was used to identify the qualitative differences between dissolved organic matter (DOM) in fen and bog porewaters from the Red Lake II system in the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands (GLAP) of northern Minnesota. Approximately 80% of the molecular composition in surface porewater was maintained throughout the upper portion of the bog profile (0.17–2.50 m). The qualitative stability of the composition of the DOM was accompanied by a quantitative increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) with depth. The composition of DOM in the fen was significantly different at depth, with slightly varying DOC levels. Aromaticity index (AI) values were used to identify condensed aromatic and phenol-type compounds in the porewater of both peatlands. Surface bog and deep fen DOM had surprisingly similar molecular composition. Differences in enzymatic degradation rates via phenol oxidase in the bog and surface fen horizons, slower transport down the bog vertical profile and the presence of a stratum of Sphagnum-woody peat at depth in the fen are suggested as being responsible for the observed variations in DOM composition.
Detection of Water in the Shocked Gas Associated with IC 443: Constraints on Shock Models

We have used the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS) to observe the ground-state 110 → 101 transition of ortho-H2O at 557 GHz in three of the shocked molecular clumps associated with the supernova remnant IC 443. We also observed simultaneously the 487 GHz line (3,1 → 3,2) of O2, the 492 GHz line (3P1 → 3P0) of C I, and the 550 GHz line (J = 5 → 4) of 13CO. We detected the H2O, C I, and 13CO lines toward the shocked clumps B, C, and G. In addition, ground-based observations of the J = 1 → 0 transitions of CO and HCO+ were obtained. Assuming that the shocked gas has a temperature of 100 K and a density of 5 × 105 cm-3, we derive SWAS beam-averaged ortho-H2O column densities of 3.2 × 1013, 1.8 × 1013, and 3.9 × 1013 cm-2 in clumps B, C, and G, respectively. Combining the SWAS results with our ground-based observations, we derive a relative abundance of ortho-H2O to CO in the postshock gas of between 2 × 10-4 and 3 × 10-3. On the basis of our results for H2O, published results of numerous atomic and molecular shock tracers, and archival Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) observations, we conclude that no single shock type can explain these observations. However, a combination of fast J-type shocks (~100 km s-1) and slow C-type shocks (~12 km s-1) or, more likely, slow J-type shocks (~12-25 km s-1) can most naturally explain the postshock velocities and the emission seen in various atomic and molecular tracers. Such a superposition of shocks might be expected as the supernova remnant overtakes a clumpy interstellar medium. The fast J-type shocks provide a strong source of ultraviolet radiation, which photodissociates the H2O in the cooling (T ≤ 300 K) gas behind the slow shocks and strongly affects the slow C-type shock structure by enhancing the fractional ionization. At these high ionization fractions, C-type shocks break down at speeds ~10-12 km s-1, while faster flows will produce J-type shocks. Our model favors a preshock gas-phase abundance of oxygen not in CO that is depleted by a least a factor of 2, presumably as water ice on grain surfaces. Both freezeout of H2O and photodissociation of H2O in the postshock gas must be significant to explain the weak H2O emission seen by SWAS and ISO from the shocked and postshock gas.
Relative Toxicity of Abamectin to the Predatory Mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The relative toxicity of abamectin to the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Anthias-Henriot and the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch was assessed in laboratory studies. Eggs and female adults of both species were placed on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaf disks dipped in several concentrations of abamectin. Abamectin was much less toxic to the predator than to the spider mite. At concentrations of 0.08-16 ppm, abamectin did not significantly affect the survival and mobility of P. persimilis , but reproduction was significantly reduced at high concentrations (8 and 16 ppm). Adult female predators survived on a diet of spider mites intoxicated with abamectin, although their reproductive rate was decreased by 27 to 53%. At 1-16 ppm, abamectin did not affect the hatch of P. persimilis eggs or the developmental time of resulting immature predators. Survival of immature predators was not significantly affected at 1-4 ppm, but was reduced to an average of 54.3% at 8 and 16 ppm. The mobility of immature P. persimilis was slightly affected only at 16 ppm. Abamectin at selective sublethal concentrations (i.e., 1-4 ppm) could be of value in adjusting predator /prey ratios in integrated management of spider mites.
Morphological changes in aging cell lines of Paramecium aurella. III. The effects of emetine on polysome formation

Abstract The effect of emetine, an inhibitor of cellular protein synthesis, on young and old cell lines of Paramecium aurelia was studied. Emetine treatment resulted in the accumulation of ribosomal aggregates in the form of helices or rosettes. In treated young cells, large patches of endoplasmic reticulum with clusters of ribosomes were frequently observed. These structures were smaller in treated aging cells. Owing to the association of these ribosomal clusters with endoplasmic structures, they were called “ribosomal complexes”. In young cells the polysome helices were more numerous, compared to those of old cells. The difference in the number of polysomes between the young and old cells appeared to be related to the number of ribosomes. The results suggested that in aging cells there were fewer ribosomes and less RNA. In very old the ribosomal particles appeared to be altered morphologically.
HORMONAL MODIFICATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLICAL SKIN GLANDS.

Abstract Normal Rana pipiens tadpoles at stages V, VII, and X were immersed in 50 μg per liter of dl-thyroxine solutions, usually for 3, 5, or 7 days. Samples of plical skin were taken 1 day after the end of treatment, and later at the time of forelimb emergence from the opercular cavity (stage XX). In the skin patches taken 1 day after hormone treatment ended, plical gland development was most advanced in the stage X group and least advanced in the stage V group. The differences in skin responsiveness, with respect to gland formation, justify the conclusion that such responsiveness develops gradually, rather than in an all-or-none fashion. Similar gradual onset of responsiveness with respect to regressive changes of labial fringes and cloacal tail piece were suggested. Following the end of hormone treatment, metamorphic changes continued, and in many instances were interrupted by a period of metamorphic stasis. A tendency for an amelioration in the intensity of metamorphic disharmony seen at the end of the period of hormone treatment was noted by the time animals had progressed to stage XX, although numerous examples of continuing disharmony were still seen.
Two-position, two-frequency mutual-coherence function in turbulence

By using the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle, an expression has been obtained for the generalized two-position, two-frequency mutual-coherence function of an electromagnetic beam in a turbulent medium. That result has been examined for different states of source coherence and for different turbulence conditions.
Data space-oriented tiling for enhancing locality

Improving locality of data references is becoming increasingly important due to increasing gap between processor cycle times and off-chip memory access latencies. Improving data locality not only improves effective memory access time but also reduces memory system energy consumption due to data references. An optimizing compiler can play an important role in enhancing data locality in array-intensive embedded media applications with regular data access patterns.This paper presents a compiler-based data space-oriented tiling approach (DST). In this strategy, the data space (e.g., an array of signals) is logically divided into chunks (called data tiles) and each data tile is processed in turn. In processing a data tile, our approach traverses the entire iteration space of all nests in the code and executes all iterations (potentially coming from different nests) that access the data tile being processed. In doing so, it also takes data dependences into account. Since a data space is common across all nests that access it, DST can potentially achieve better results than traditional iteration space (loop) tiling by exploiting internest data locality.We also present an example application of DST for improving the effectiveness of a scratch pad memory (SPM) for data accesses. SPMs are alternatives to conventional cache memories in embedded computing world. These small on-chip memories, like caches, provide fast and low-power access to data; but, they differ from conventional data caches in that their contents are managed by compiler instead of hardware. We have implemented DST in a source-to-source translator and quantified its benefits using a simulator. Our preliminary results with several array-intensive applications and varying input sizes show that our approach outperforms classical iteration space-oriented tiling as well as a data-oriented approach that considers each nest in isolation.
Reactivity of (Bicyclo[5.1.0]octadienyl)iron(1+) Cations: Application to the Synthesis of cis-2-(2‘-Carboxycyclopropyl)glycines

The addition of carbon and heteroatom nucleophiles to (bicyclo[5.1.0]octadienyl)Fe(CO)2L+ cations 5 or 8 (L = CO, PPh3) generally proceeds via attack at the dienyl terminus on the face of the ligand opposite to iron to generate 6-substituted (bicyclo[5.1.0]octa-2,4-diene)iron complexes (11 or 13). In certain cases, these products are unstable with respect to elimination of a proton and the nucleophilic substituent to afford (cyclooctatetraene)Fe(CO)2L (4 or 7). Decomplexation of 13f, arising from addition of phthalimide to 8, gave N-(bicyclo[5.1.0]octa-3,5-dien-2-yl)phthalimide (19). Oxidative cleavage of 19 (RuCl3/NaIO4) followed by esterification gave the cyclopropane diester 22, which upon hydrolysis gave cis-2-(2‘-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (CCG-III, 18) (eight steps from 4, 43% overall yield). This methodology was also utilized for preparation of stereospecifically deuterated CCG-III (d-18) and optically enriched (−)-18. Deprotonation of 22 resulted in cyclopropane ring opening to afford the benzoind...
Media Spectacle, Insurrection and the Crisis of Neoliberalism from the Arab Uprisings to Occupy Everywhere!.

I argue that 2011 witnessed a series of challenges to neoliberalism on a global scale perhaps not seen since the political upheavals of 1968, and that media spectacle provided the form of a series of global insurgences from the North African Arab Uprisings to the Occupy movements. Crises of neoliberalism also generated movements in Italy, Spain, Greece and other European movements that utilised strategies of the Arab Uprisings and provided global media spectacles of popular struggle and insurrection. In fall 2011, Occupy Wall Street adapted these tactics to symbolically attack the citadel of neoliberalism and the Occupy movement provided a democratic response to crises of capitalism and neoliberalism that have resulted in global economic crisis since 2008. The Occupy Wall Street movement in turn generated Occupy movements throughout the world under the slogan of Occupy Everywhere!
Rearrangement of integrins in avidity regulation by leukocytes.

Leukocyte adhesion must be tightly controlled in order for leukocytes to patrol the body as nonadherent cells, yet stop and emigrate from the blood into tissues at sites of infection or inflammation. A key element in this process is activation of β2 integrins. While β2 integrin activation involves conformational changes that increase affinity for ligand, evidence is accumulating that rearrangement of integrins, resulting in increases in avidity, is at least as important in regulating binding capacity. Recent work has established the importance of diffusion and rearrangement of integrins to activation of leukocyte adhesion, and has begun to unravel the molecular basis of its regulation.
Inertial plastic expansion of composite spheres under explosive loading of cavities

Abstract We describe here an analysis of the dynamic plastic expansion of spherical and cylindrical cavities which takes into account the inertia forces in the expanding plastic material. As a result, it is shown that an overexpansion of the cavity can occur under intense forces, i.e. the cavity continues to expand appreciably after the loading becomes attenuated. The method is that of finite element analysis, using the dynamic laws and constitutive relations based on effective stress and strain. The material is assumed incompressible and rigid-plastic. The applied loads are rectangular pulses of various magnitudes and duration, an exponentially-decreasing step-pulse, and a contained-gas pressure pulse generated by an explosion. The results obtained, after comparison with known experimental data, show that the inclusion of inertia effects give appreciably better agreement between theory and experiment. Assessment is also made of the effect of the applied impulse and the degree of strain-hardening of the material. Extensions to composite laminates of aluminum and plastic are also made.
Flexible Transformations For Learning Big Data

This paper proposes a domain-specific solution for iterative learning of big and dense (non-sparse) datasets. A large host of learning algorithms, including linear and regularized regression techniques, rely on iterative updates on the data connectivity matrix in order to converge to a solution. The performance of such algorithms often severely degrade when it comes to large and dense data. Massive dense datasets not only induce obligatory large number of arithmetics, but they also incur unwanted message passing cost across the processing nodes. Our key observation is that despite the seemingly dense structures, in many applications, data can be transformed into a new space where sparse structures become revealed. We propose a scalable data transformation scheme that enables creating versatile sparse representations of the data. The transformation can be tuned to benefit the underlying platform's cost and constraints. Our evaluations demonstrate significant improvement in energy usage, runtime, and mem
Richard Rodriguez' Hunger of Memory as Humanistic Antithesis

Although I was born in Texas, had lived in many states in the Midwest and had not lived in any Spanish-speaking country, until then, my public voice as well as my private voice was Spanish through my first eleven years. It was in the fifth grade, that eureka! to my surprise, I started speaking English without translating. I suppose that at that time I had two public voices as well as two private ones. Hunger of Memory is an exceptionally well written book. It is a profound book, a personal expression which one learns to respect for its sensibility. To respect this type of sensibility is something I learned in the Spanish-taught "escuelita," which I attended before entering public school at age 7. What Richard Rodriguez has written has great value. However, I have difficulties with concepts in the book which I consider anti-humanistic. For several reasons I consider Hunger of Memory as a humanistic antithesis. This book has been controversial for the Hispanic in general and in particular to the Mexican-American or Chicano. This has been the case much more so, I think, because it seems to be so well accepted by the North American public as a key to understanding the Mexican-American and debates related to bilingual education and affirmative action. Thus, it is important to define and perceive the book from different vantage points. Hispanics, Chicanos, and Latinos are not a homogenous group. They are as heterogenous a kindred group as any that exists in our present society. They are at different levels of development, perception, understanding and as complex and therefore as complete as other human beings. Richard Rodriguez' book is a personal expression, an autobiography, and it must be understood as that in its singularity. It should not be used as a single way or method of understanding the bilingual, bicultural phenomenon of the Hispanic group. odriguez' Hunger of Memory as
Heat Losses in Stranded Armature Conductors

In the present paper, which is a continuation of one presented at the last annual convention, the author extends the method of complex hyperbolic functions to the solution of the problem of heat losses in stranded conductors embedded in rectangular slots. In the preceding paper the discussion was confined to solid conductors and to those having an infinite number of strands. In the latter case, the insulation between the strands was assumed to have no appreciable thickness. In the present paper, conductors are considered which have a finite number of strands separated by insulation of appreciable thickness. In the mathematical development which is to follow, free use is made of the results obtained in the first paper.
Review: Dairy Cattle Reproductive Physiology Research and Management—Past Progress and Future Prospects

Artificial insemination developed as the solution for two important problems in the dairy cattle industry during the past 50 yr: 1) the need for genetic improvement and 2) the elimination of costly venereal diseases. Cooperation among researchers, extension workers, veterinarians, dairy producers, and emerging AI organizations in pooling their expertise, was instrumental to the remarkably rapid development of AI. The cooperation of universities, government, and producers to fund teams of reproductive specialists to collaborate and transfer findings quickly to potential users was a major component of this successful venture. Money invested in these experiments was estimated to have returned about $100 for each $1 invested. Successful freezing of sperm led to the development of the field of cryobiology, and AI paved the way for embryo transfer. The development of ultrasound equipment; various types of rapid hormone assays; prostaglandins, progestogens, and GnRH; and computerization made possible various alternative management plans for controlling reproduction. Multidisciplinary, multigeographical teams that gather basic needed information have the potential for making excellent progress. As herd size increases, new programs for efficient reproductive management and for identifying needed research through computer modeling are a must. Sexed embryos from elite cows and bulls will be used selectively. When embryonic stem cell technology becomes practical, it will revolutionize cattle breeding.
The effects of gas and particle properties on thermophoresis

This paper extends a companion paper on measurements of the thermophoretic force for solid and liquid spheres in air. Using electrodynamic levitation to maintain a microsphere in the space between heated and cooled plates, the effects of the system parameters, gas and particle thermal conductivities, the magnitude of the temperature gradient and other variables are explored. Experimental data obtained using helium, air and carbon dioxide with nickel, polystyrene latex and glass solid spheres and with dioctyl phthalate liquid droplets are compared with available theories. The polarity and charge density of the microparticle are shown to have a large effect on the thermophoretic force, particularly in helium.
Why We (AAHPERD Leaders) Do What We Do

At a recent American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) Leadership Development Conference, presidents-elect representing state, district, and national AAHPERD associations were asked to describe in one sentence why they do what they do. The 67 responses were entered into wordle.net that generated the 20-item word cloud shown in Figure 1. From that word cloud, the nine most frequently cited words are the basis for this reflection on why we do what we do.
Anomalous monism and epiphenomenalism

: I argue that, on plausible assumptions, anomalous entails monism epiphenomenalism of the mental. The plausible assumptions are (1) events are particulars; (2) causal relations are extensional; (3) mental properties are epiphrastic. A principle defender of anomalous monism, Donald Davidson, acknowledges that anomalous monism is committed to (1) and (2). I argue that it is committed to (3) as well. Given (1), (2), and (3), epiphenomenalism of the mental falls out immediately. Three attempts to salvage anomalous monism from epiphenomenalism of the mental are examined and rejected. I conclude with reflections on the status of non-reductive physicalism.
Network reconfiguration analysis with the consideration of distributed generation

Network reconfiguration is a combinatorial optimization problem that can be used to reduce power losses in distribution systems while satisfying all operating constraints. Distribution systems are greatly impacted by the increasing integration of distributed generation (DG) resources and thus it is necessary to develop methods that can quantify the effects of DG on network reconfiguration. This paper first introduces an efficient methodology to reconfigure distribution systems to minimize power losses, and analyzes the effects of DG on the reconfiguration problems, then discusses how to take advantage of distributed generation to improve distribution system reconfiguration.
Human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among 9- to 17-year-old girls: National Health Interview Survey, 2008.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and is often acquired soon after onset of sexual activity.1 HPV types 16 and 18 are causally linked to approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases2; HPV 6 and 11 cause 90% of anogenital warts. The quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine protects against infection from HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18.3 It was recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in June 2006 for routine 3-dose vaccination of girls aged 11–12.4 The vaccination series can be initiated by girls beginning at age 9; catch-up vaccination is recommended for girls and young women aged 13–26 who have not been previously vaccinated or who have not completed the full series. In 2009, the ACIP made similar recommendations for the bivalent HPV vaccine, which protects against infection from HPV types 16 and 18.5 The target age for HPV vaccination is 11–12 years to ensure protection at an earlier age, prior to sexual debut.4 Monitoring HPV vaccine uptake allows public health practitioners to identify unvaccinated populations and to develop targeted interventions to increase vaccine coverage. Depending on uptake patterns, HPV vaccine has the potential to reduce existing disparities in cervical cancer, including a higher incidence and mortality among blacks, Hispanics, women of limited income, and women who do not access cervical cancer screening.6–8 Although several analyses have examined HPV vaccine coverage in the United States, most are limited surveys9–18, with few that are national in scope.15, 19, 20 In this study, we use the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to (1) examine quadrivalent HPV vaccine uptake 1–2 years after vaccine licensure among preadolescent and adolescent girls in the United States, (2) identify sociodemographic factors and preventive health behaviors associated with vaccine uptake, and (3) describe parental reasons for not intending to have their daughter vaccinated. We hypothesize that older girls are more likely to be vaccinated against HPV than younger girls. Our study along with the accompanying paper by Anhang Price, et al provides a comprehensive examination of national HPV vaccine uptake for females 9 to 26 years old, the full age range for which the vaccine is recommended.21
Inertial and gravitational mass in the brans-dicke theory

We investigate the equality of inertial and gravitational mass in the Brans-Dicke theory of gravitation in both the classical and quantum case. We derive a general expression for the ratio of inertial to gravitational mass for any classical static or quasistatic system. Although the ratio differs from one, in violation of the principle of equivalence, the difference is small (of the order of magnitude of (gravitational potential energy)/(rest mass)). In the quantum case, we find that the gravitational self-energy of a particle contributes to the gravitational mass in such a way that the principle of equivalence is not necessarily satisfied. Thus, in contrast to Einstein's theory, the Brans-Dicke theory does not contain the principle of equivalence for quantum particles.
Monomeric behavior of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase☆

Abstract The molecular weights of alkylated small subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase of pea and spinach were determined from gel filtration data in the presence of 6M guanidinium chloride as 12,800 and 13,500, respectively. In the presence of 0.1 M sodium phosphate (pH 12.0) these molecules chromatograph at the same position as chymotrypsinogen (M=25,700) on Sephadex G-75. The intrinsic viscosity of the small subunit of spinach ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, measured in this solvent, was [η] = 30 cm 3 /gm, while the intrinsic viscosity of chymotrypsinogen measured in this solvent was [η] = 2.4 cm 3 /gm. These data rule out a globular dimeric model for the sructure of the small subunit in 0.1 M sodium phosphate (pH 12.0).
On modifying the MFJ

Abstract When the Bell operating companies (BOCs) were separated from AT&T in 1984, restrictions were imposed on the BOCs' business operations. The US Department of Justice was required to report every three years on the continuing need for these restrictions. Two reports were filed in February 1987 which contain a wealth of information and analysis, and recommend a waiver of most of the restrictions. This comment examines the mechanism by which regulation has historically distorted economic efficiency, and how the two reports address the mechanisms of monopoly distortion.
Simultaneous contrast in the goldfish

In this, as in two prior experiments, goldfish trained with small reward for response to one color and large reward for response to another color performed less well for the small reward than control animals trained with small reward for response to both colors. The results obtained in the present experiment (with liquid food as reward) cannot be explained in terms of postingestive inhibition (evidence from the prior experiments withTubifex worms as reward being inconsistent on this point) or in terms of within-sessions decrement in drive. The results bear on the phyletic generality of simultaneous contrast and on the relation of simultaneous to successive contrast, a phenomenon that has thus far failed to appear in goldfish.
HAND PREFERENCE AND SPRING-SUMMER VS FALL-WINTER SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER '

Left- and right-handed patients with seasonal affective disorder were compared for seasonal patterns of depression and good spirits. Spring-summer depression and fall-winter good spirits were more evident among 9 left-handers. The reverse pattern was observed for the 9 right-handers.
The Long Recoil from Regulation: Private Philanthropic Foundations and the Tax Reform Act of 1969

The Tax Reform Act of 1969 (TRA 1969) imposed the first real set of regulations on private philanthropic foundations. The effect of these regulations has been profound, long lasting, and for the mo...
The influence of highly stratified dissipative soil on ground motion

The influence of the depth and material properties of a sedimentary deposit on earthquake ground motion is examie through theoretical modelling. The strong stratification of a typical deposit is represented by a number of homogene layers of dissipative viscoelastic material. The motion is assumed to be produced by a line source. The calculations carried out by means of a recently developed theoretical technique. The near surface low velocity layers are found to has a very strong amplification effect on the ground motion at some frequencies. The widely used one dimensional approae for site effect evaluation is shown to be valid for smaller epicentral distances only. The deamplification effect of mate dissipation is shown to be extremely important in most cases.
Recalling the Letter: The Uses of Oral Testimony in Historical Studies of Literacy:

This article examines the uses of oral testimony in writing about literacy in historical context, especially about the literacy traditions of populations “hidden from history”-immigrants, refugees,...
Branching Out: Young Appalachian Selves, Autoethnographic Aesthetics, and the Founding of Appalshop

Abstract This essay reviews the founding of the renowned Appalachian community media center, Appalshop, as well as one of its earliest films, Herb E. Smith's In Ya Blood (1971). In doing so, the author discusses the ways in which the media center's initial establishment reflected a middle-class idealism on the part of policymakers and an opportunity to reconstitute an Appalachian mountain subjectivity on the part of Appalshop's early participants. Ultimately, both register an inertial movement away from class as a tool for understanding poverty and toward a managerial liberalism and identity politics.
Bell’s Inequality in Classical Optical Coherence

We experimentally test Bell’s inequality using two correlated binary degrees of freedom (DOFs) of an optical beam: polarization and spatial parity; and show that this measure may be used to distinguish between intrinsic incoherence and acquired incoherence.
Localized tongue amyloidosis: a single institutional case series.

ObjectiveReview Mayo Clinic experience of localized tongue amyloidosis.Study DesignCase series with retrospective chart review.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsCases of localized tongue amyloidosis were identified from the dysproteinemia database at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic records were reviewed with focus on presenting symptoms, laboratory results (ie, serum or urine immunoelectrophoresis, bone marrow biopsy, and fat aspirate analysis), treatment modality, and status of disease at follow-up.ResultsSix cases of localized tongue amyloidosis presented to the Mayo Clinic between 1969 and 2011. Mean patient age was 69 years (range, 43-90). Patients presented with asymptomatic tongue mass(es). Biopsy of the tongue mass in all patients showed amyloid on Congo red stains. Work-up for systemic amyloidosis, including bone marrow biopsy, fat aspiration, and serum and urine protein immunoelectrophoresis, was negative for all 6 patients, nor was there other organ involveme...
Shipment partitioning and routing to minimize makespan in a transportation network

This paper addresses the problem of partitioning and transporting a shipment of known size through an n-node public transportation network with known scheduled departure and arrival times and expected available capacities for each departure. The objective is to minimize the makespan of shipping. The problem while practical in its scope, has received very little attention in the literature perhaps because of the concentration of research in vehicle routing without regard to partitioning and partitioning without regard to routing. A general non-linear programming model is developed. The model is then converted into a linear model through the Routing First and Assignment Second approach. This approach is different from the general decomposition approaches since they normally do not guarantee optimality. However, the linear model still involves a large number of constraints, and solution is not attempted here. Instead, three heuristics are proposed for solving the problem. Two of the heuristics use iterative techniques to evaluate all possible paths. The third heuristic uses a max-flows approach based upon aggregated capacities to reduce the size of the network presented to the other heuristics. This allows for a good starting point for other heuristics, and may impact the total computational effort. We find that the heuristics developed perform well because in the case of networks that are not congested, they find the optimal solution.
Mind-independence disambiguated : Separating the meat from the straw in the realism/anti-realism debate

The notion of mind-independence plays a central role in the contemporary realism/anti-realism debate, but the notion is severely ambiguous and consequently the source of considerable misunderstanding. In this paper, four kinds of mind-independence are distinguished: ontological, causal, structural, and individuative independence. Appreciating these distinctions entails that one can reject the individuative independence of the natural world, and still maintain that the natural world is causally and structurally independent of us. This paper argues that so-called anti-realists, especially Rorty, Putnam, and Goodman, are not opposed to the causal and structural independence of the natural world, as is frequently alleged, but rather its individuative independence. An acceptance of these points will hopefully put an end to the prevalence of strawmen in the debate, and focus attention on meatier issues.
Floorplan design using distributed genetic algorithms

A distributed algorithm for solving the floorplan design problem, called a genetic algorithm with punctuated equilibria (GAPE), is presented. Implementation details and the results of empirical studies are presented. The experiments have demonstrated that GAPE performs consistently better than a recently published simulated annealing approach, with respect to both the average cost of the solutions found and the best solution found. >
Antigen-specific prevention of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice is ameliorated by OX40 agonist treatment

Antigen-specific therapies are possibly the safest approach to prevent type 1 diabetes (T1D). However their clinical translation has yielded poor results and greater efforts need to be put into the development of novel strategies to ameliorate their clinical outcome. OX40 is a costimulatory molecule expressed by T cells after antigen recognition and has been implicated in the control effector but also regulatory T cells (Tregs) function in vivo. The activity of OX40 signal on Tregs function has been controversial. In this context we investigated whether an anti-OX40 agonist antibody treatment can ameliorate antigen-specific immune intervention for the prevention of T1D. We show that treatment of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with an OX40 agonistic antibody (OX86) reduced type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence by inducing both CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and CD4+Foxp3− T cells expressing the latency-associated peptide (LAP). These OX86-induced CD4+Foxp3−LAP+ T cells also demonstrated suppressive activity in vitro. A significant increase in protection was observed when OX86 was combined with insulin B9:23 (insB9:23) peptide immunizations. Synergy resulted from an expansion of IL-10-expressing insB9:23-reactive Tregs which augmented the proportion of CD4+ T cells with in vivo suppressive activity. Consequently, CD4+ T cells purified from OX86/insB9:23 combination treatment prevented T1D development when adoptively transferred into recipient mice. These findings suggest that the requirement for OX40 signaling by antigen-induced Tregs can be dominant over its well-documented need for effector memory cell function and may have potentially important implications for improving the clinical translation of antigen-specific prevention of T1D and possibly other autoimmune disorders.
Informative feature selection for object recognition via Sparse PCA

Bag-of-words (BoW) methods are a popular class of object recognition methods that use image features (e.g., SIFT) to form visual dictionaries and subsequent histogram vectors to represent object images in the recognition process. The accuracy of the BoW classifiers, however, is often limited by the presence of uninformative features extracted from the background or irrelevant image segments. Most existing solutions to prune out uninformative features rely on enforcing pairwise epipolar geometry via an expensive structure-from-motion (SfM) procedure. Such solutions are known to break down easily when the camera transformation is large or when the features are extracted from low-resolution, low-quality images. In this paper, we propose a novel method to select informative object features using a more efficient algorithm called Sparse PCA. First, we show that using a large-scale multiple-view object database, informative features can be reliably identified from a highdimensional visual dictionary by applying Sparse PCA on the histograms of each object category. Our experiment shows that the new algorithm improves recognition accuracy compared to the traditional BoW methods and SfM methods. Second, we present a new solution to Sparse PCA as a semidefinite programming problem using the Augmented Lagrangian Method. The new solver outperforms the state of the art for estimating sparse principal vectors as a basis for a low-dimensional subspace model.
Seasonal changes in respiration of halophytes in salt playas in the Great Basin, U.S.A.

Many desert playas are covered with water in the early spring. As theweather becomes warmer and drier, water evaporates, increasing saltcontent of the soil from 7,000 to almost 16,000 mmol NaCl Kg-1. Changes in respiratory metabolism during the growing season of fourhalophytes characteristic of cold desert playas was followed usingcalorimetry. In order of decreasing salt tolerance, the species examinedwere: the forbs Salicornia rubra, S. utahensis; the grass Distichlisspicata; and the shrub Allenrolfea occidentalis. Tissue collected in thefield from sites of low and high salinity in a single playa during May, June,and August of 1997 was put in isothermal calorimeters and the metabolicheat rate (q) and respiration rate (RCO2) measured. Efficiency ofsubstrate carbon conversion (q/RCO2) and predicted specific growthrate (ΔHBRSG) were calculated. These species are allwell-adapted to the environment in which they are found. Highestmetabolism, respiration, efficiency and growth are found during May andJune and are lowest during the hot, dry month of August. Differencesbetween the species are also noted.
Comparative analysis of ontogenic changes in renal and intestinal biotin transport in the rat

Biotin, an essential water-soluble micronutrient, cannot be synthesized by mammals; rather, it is obtained from exogenous sources via uptake by intestinal epithelia. Renal epithelia reclaim the vit...
Haptic gait retraining for knee osteoarthritis treatment

In this paper we introduce haptic gait retraining as a new method for treating early stage medial compartment knee osteoarthritis and for reducing risk of the disease in individuals who may be susceptible. The hardware and software for implementation are presented including rotational skin stretch and vibration haptic devices used to inform subjects of alterations in gait movements. We also present a method based on real-time motion analysis for predicting new subject-specific gaits tailored to change knee joint loading. This approach uses correlation data between gait parameters and knee loading as well as a localized linearization technique to compute a final combined-parameter gait with minimum change from the subject's original, unaltered gait. Finally, we validate the haptic gait retraining system with a user experiment and show that, for the duration of the experiment, the user is able to positively change knee joint loading to approximately the same degree as HTO surgery.
Physical Activity, Physical Function, and the Risk of Breast Cancer in a Prospective Study Among Elderly Women

Background. Accumulating evidence suggests that physical activity may protect against the development of breast cancer, but less is known about the role of modest physical activity during the postmenopausal years and in the context of physical function. Methods. We evaluated this association in the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study of elderly adults. The cohort was linked to a population-based cancer registry for the years 1973—93, and the atrisk cohort consisted of 1,806 women ages 65 to 102 years with an in-person baseline interview in 1982 and with no documented cancer between 1973 and the baseline interview. Through 1993 (16,857 person-years of follow-up) there were 46 incident cases of breast cancer. Results. Greater level of physical activity in women with no physical disabilities was inversely associated with breast cancer risk {p for trend = .01). Compared to inactive women with no physical disability, women reporting moderate (age-adjusted relative risk [RR] = 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-1.1) or high (age-adjusted RR = 0.2, 95% CI .05-0.9) activity levels were at decreased risk of breast cancer. Women with any disability were also at decreased risk of breast cancer compared to inactive women with no disability (age-adjusted RR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.9). Adjustment for education, body mass index, age at menarche, age at menopause, previous use of hormone replacement therapy, pregnancy history, systolic blood pressure, smoking, and alcohol use did not alter these associations. In addition, these associations were similar after exclusion of cases occurring during the first two years of follow-up, after adjusting for the number of doctor visits, and after stratifying by stage at diagnosis. Conclusions. These data suggest that postmenopausal activity level, after accounting for physical disability, is inversely associated with breast cancer risk.
Joint economic production allocation and delivery policies in multi-plants with capacity

In the manufacturing environment, production activities and distribution should be coordinated effectively to enhance its profit in today's competitive market. An integrated decision on production assignment and delivery polices for a single manufacturer with multi-plants which are capacitated and a single retailer is discussed in this paper. A mathematical programming model is presented to determine the production cycle, delivery frequency and the economic production allocation that minimize the average total cost. An assignment heuristic is designed to solve the near-optimal production allocation ratios. An example is demonstrated and discussed.
Carboplatin-induced gene expression changes in vitro are prognostic of survival in epithelial ovarian cancer

We performed a time-course microarray experiment to define the transcriptional response to carboplatin in vitro, and to correlate this with clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). RNA was isolated from carboplatin and control-treated 36M2 ovarian cancer cells at several time points, followed by oligonucleotide microarray hybridization. Carboplatin induced changes in gene expression were assessed at the single gene as well as at the pathway level. Clinical validation was performed in publicly available microarray datasets using disease free and overall survival endpoints. Time-course and pathway analyses identified 317 genes and 40 pathways (designated time-course and pathway signatures) deregulated following carboplatin exposure. Both types of signatures were validated in two separate platinum-treated ovarian and NSCLC cell lines using published microarray data. Expression of time-course and pathway signature genes distinguished between patients with unfavorable and favorable survival in two independent ovarian cancer datasets. Among the pathways most highly induced by carboplatin in vitro, the NRF2, NF-kB, and cytokine and inflammatory response pathways were also found to be upregulated prior to chemotherapy exposure in poor prognosis tumors. Dynamic assessment of gene expression following carboplatin exposure in vitro can identify both genes and pathways that are correlated with clinical outcome. The functional relevance of this observation for better understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance in EOC will require further evaluation.
The apeE Gene of Salmonella typhimurium Encodes an Outer Membrane Esterase Not Present in Escherichia coli

Salmonella typhimurium apeR mutations lead to overproduction of an outer membrane-associated N-acetyl phenylalanine β-naphthyl ester-cleaving esterase that is encoded by the apeE gene (P. Collin-Osdoby and C. G. Miller, Mol. Gen. Genet. 243:674–680, 1994). This paper reports the cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the S. typhimurium apeE gene as well as some properties of the esterase that it encodes. The predicted product of apeE is a 69.9-kDa protein which is processed to a 67-kDa species by removal of a signal peptide. The predicted amino acid sequence of ApeE indicates that it is a member of the GDSL family of serine esterases/lipases. It is most similar to a lipase excreted by the entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. The Salmonella esterase catalyzes the hydrolysis of a variety of fatty acid naphthyl esters and of C6 to C16 fatty acid p-nitrophenyl esters but will not hydrolyze peptide bonds. A rapid diagnostic test reported to be useful in distinguishing Salmonella spp. from related organisms makes use of the ability of Salmonella to hydrolyze the chromogenic ester substrate methyl umbelliferyl caprylate. We report that the apeE gene product is the enzyme in Salmonella uniquely responsible for the hydrolysis of this substrate. Southern blot analysis indicates that Escherichia coli K-12 does not contain a close analog of apeE, and it appears that the apeE gene is contained in a region of DNA present in Salmonella but not in E. coli.
Meditation and the Neuroscience of Consciousness: An Introduction

The overall goal of this chapter is to explore the initial findings of neuroscientific research on meditation; in doing so, the chapter also suggests potential avenues of further inquiry. It has three sections that, although integral to the chapter as a whole, may also be read independently. The first section, “Defining Meditation,” notes the need for a more precise understanding of meditation as a scientific explanandum. Arguing for the importance of distinguishing the particularities of various traditions, the section presents the theory of meditation from the paradigmatic perspective of Buddhism, and it discusses the difficulties encountered when working with such theories. The section includes an overview of three practices that have been the subject of research, and it ends with a strategy for developing a questionnaire to define more precisely a practice under examination. The second section, “The Intersection of Neuroscience and Meditation,” explores some scientific motivations for the neuroscientific examination of meditation in terms of its potential impact