cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 42.3-43.6 GHz SPECTRAL SURVEY OF ORION BN/KL: FIRST DETECTION OF THE v = 0 J = 1-0 LINE FROM THE ISOTOPOLOGUES 29SiO AND 30SiO

We have surveyed molecular line emission from Orion BN/KL from 42.3 to 43.6 GHz with the Green Bank Telescope. Sixty-seven lines were identified and ascribed to 13 different molecular species. The spectrum at 7 mm is dominated by SiO, SO2 ,C H 3OCH3, and C2H5CN. Five transitions have been detected from the SiO isotopologues 28 SiO, 29 SiO, and 30 SiO. We report here for the first time the spectra of the 29 SiO and 30 SiO v = 0 J = 1–0 emission in Orion BN/KL, and show that they have double-peaked profiles with velocity extents similar to the main isotopologue. The main motivation for the survey was the search of high-velocity (100–1000 km s −1 ) outflows in the BN/KL region as traced by SiO Doppler components. Some of the unidentified lines in principle could be highvelocity SiO features, but without imaging data their location cannot be established. Wings of emission are present in the v = 0 28 SiO, 29 SiO, and 30 SiO profiles, and we suggest that the v = 0 emission from the three isotopologues might trace a moderately high-velocity (∼ 30–50 km s −1 ) component of the flows around the high-mass protostar Source I in the Orion BN/KL region. We also confirm the 7 mm detection of a complex oxygen-bearing species, acetone (CH3COCH3), which has been recently observed toward the hot core at 3 mm, and have found further indications of the presence of long cyanopolyynes (HC5N and HC7N) in the quiescent cold gas of the extended ridge.
User-Generated Open Source Products: Founder's Social Capital and Time to Product Release

Volunteer users employ collaborative Internet technologies to develop open source products, a form of user-generated content, where time to product release is a crucial measure of project success. The open source community features two separate but related subcommunities: developer users who contribute time and effort to develop products and end users who act as collaborative testers and provide feedback. We develop hypotheses concerning how the location of the project's founders in the social network of developer users, the interplay of developer users and end users, and project and product characteristics affect time to product release. We use data on 817 development projects from SourceForge, a large open source community forum, to calibrate a split hazard model to test the hypotheses. That model supports the two-community conceptualization and most of the related hypotheses. The results have theoretical and managerial implications; for example, a pivotal position of founders in the developer user community can reduce time to product release by up to 31 and projects in which users are more engaged can experience an 11 time to product release compared with those projects in which they are not.
MENONVILLEA ZULOAGAENSIS AND MOSTACILLASTRUM HUNZIKERI (BRASSICACEAE), TWO NEW SPECIES FROM ARGENTINA

Se describen e ilustran Menonvillea zuloagaensis (San Juan) y Mostacillastrum hunzikeri (Catamarca y La Rioja), y se discuten sus caracteres distintivos respecto de las especies morfologicamente mas proximas. Se presenta ademas una clave para las especies argentinas de Mostacillastrum con peciolos largos y laminas foliares anchas
Performance analysis of spectrum handoff for cognitive radio ad hoc networks without common control channel under homogeneous primary traffic

Cognitive radio (CR) technology is regarded as a promising solution to the spectrum scarcity problem. Due to the spectrum varying nature of CR networks, unlicensed users are required to perform spectrum handoffs when licensed users reuse the spectrum. In this paper, we study the performance of the spectrum handoff process in a CR ad hoc network under homogeneous primary traffic. We propose a novel three dimensional discrete-time Markov chain to characterize the process of spectrum handoffs and analyze the performance of unlicensed users. Since in real CR networks, a dedicated common control channel is not practical, in our model, we implement a network coordination scheme where no dedicated common control channel is needed. Moreover, in wireless communications, collisions among simultaneous transmissions cannot be immediately detected and the whole collided packets need to be retransmitted, which greatly affects the network performance. With this observation, we also consider the retransmissions of the collided packets in our proposed discrete-time Markov chain. In addition, besides the random channel selection scheme, we study the impact of different channel selection schemes on the performance of the spectrum handoff process. Furthermore, we also consider the spectrum sensing delay in our proposed Markov model and investigate its effect on the network performance. We validate the numerical results obtained from our proposed Markov model against simulation and investigate other parameters of interest in the spectrum handoff scenario. Our proposed analytical model can be applied to various practical network scenarios. It also provides new insights on the process of spectrum handoffs. Currently, no existing analysis has considered the comprehensive aspects of spectrum handoff as what we consider in this paper.
Geometry-dependent critical currents in superconducting nanocircuits

In this paper, we calculate the critical currents in thin superconducting strips with sharp right-angle turns, 180? turnarounds, and more complicated geometries, where all the line widths are much smaller than the Pearl length ?=2?2/d. We define the critical current as the current that reduces the Gibbs-free-energy barrier to zero. We show that current crowding, which occurs whenever the current rounds a sharp turn, tends to reduce the critical current, but we also show that when the radius of curvature is less than the coherence length, this effect is partially compensated by a radius-of-curvature effect. We propose several patterns with rounded corners to avoid critical-current reduction due to current crowding. These results are relevant to superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, where they suggest a means of improving the bias conditions and reducing dark counts. These results also have relevance to normal-metal nanocircuits, as these patterns can reduce the electrical resistance, electromigration, and hot spots caused by nonuniform heating.
How to evolve safe control strategies

Autonomous space vehicles need adaptive control strategies that can accommodate unanticipated environmental conditions. The evaluation of new strategies can often be done only by actually trying them out in the real physical environment. Consequently, a candidate control strategy must be deemed safe - i.e., it won't damage any systems - prior to being tested online. How to do this efficiently has been a challenging problem. We propose using evolutionary programming in conjunction with a formal verification technique (called model checking) to evolve candidate control strategies that are guaranteed to be safe for implementation and evaluation.
Fault detection and isolation for linear time-invariant systems

This paper is concerned with the problem of detecting and isolating faults by an observer. If the initial error of state estimation is zero, the authors show that faults can be isolated if and only if the system has a left-invertible detectability matrix which is defined in the present paper. For the more realistic case of nonzero initial error of state estimation, the authors develop fault isolation filters such that failures to be detected can be asymptotically isolated. The authors give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such filters. The authors provide a method to design a fault isolation filter. This design procedure guarantees to isolate up to n faults, where n is the dimension of the system. >
Achieving integration of the business school curriculum using the dynamic capabilities framework

Purpose – This paper aims to recommend dynamic capabilities as an integrative framework for the business school curriculum.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses the history, sources, and consequences of the disciplinary fragmentation of most curricula. There is a determined effort to draw on all the relevant social science disciplines along with practice to create an intellectually coherent, interdisciplinary framework.Findings – The dynamic capabilities framework can provide guidance for integrating the curriculum across disciplines and between theory and practice.Social implications – Implementation along the lines proposed will give students more of what they need and allow business schools to graduate individuals with a better chance of managing organizations in fast‐changing environments exposed to strong global competition.Originality/value – The application of one of the dominant paradigms in management studies is proposed as a framework for integrating and enhancing the entire business...
Finance, financial sector policies, and long-run growth

In this paper, authors first review the literature on the relation between finance and growth. Theory provides ambiguous predictions concerning the question of whether financial development exerts a positive, causative impact on long-run economic growth. The second part of this paper reviews the literature on the historical and policy determinants of financial development. Governments play a central role in shaping the operation of financial systems and the degree to which large segments of the financial system have access to financial services. The authors discuss the relationship between financial sector policies and economic development. The remainder of the paper proceeds as follows. Sections one and two review theory and evidence on the relation between finance and growth. Section three turns to an examination of financial sector policies, and section four concludes.
SIGNS IN THE cd-INDEX OF EULERIAN PARTIALLY ORDERED SETS

A graded partially ordered set is Eulerian if every interval has the same number of elements of even rank and of odd rank. Face lattices of convex polytopes are Eulerian. For Eulerian partially ordered sets, the flag vector can be encoded efficiently in the cd-index. The cd-index of a polytope has all positive entries. An important open problem is to give the broadest natural class of Eulerian posets having nonnegative cd-index. This paper completely determines which entries of the cd-index are nonnegative for all Eulerian posets. It also shows that there are no other lower or upper bounds on cd-coefficients (except for the coefficient of c^n).
Entanglement of Formation of an Arbitrary State of Two Rebits

We consider entanglement for quantum states defined in vector spaces over the real numbers. Such real entanglement is different from entanglement in standard quantum mechanics over the complex numbers. The differences provide insight into the nature of entanglement in standard quantum theory. Wootters [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2245 (1998)] has given an explicit formula for the entanglement of formation of two qubits in terms of what he calls the concurrence of the joint density operator. We give a contrasting formula for the entanglement of formation of an arbitrary state of two “rebits,” a rebit being a system whose Hilbert space is a 2-dimensional real vector space.
Commons-based Peer Production and Virtue

COMMONS-BASED peer production is a socio-economic system of production that is emerging in the digitally networked environment. Facilitated by the technical infrastructure of the Internet, the hallmark of this socio-technical system is collaboration among large groups of individuals, sometimes in the order of tens or even hundreds of thousands, who cooperate effectively to provide information, knowledge or cultural goods without relying on either market pricing or managerial hierarchies to coordinate their common enterprise. While there are many practical reasons to try to understand a novel system of production that has produced some of the finest software, the fastest supercomputer and some of the best web-based directories and news sites, here we focus on the ethical, rather than the functional dimension. What does it mean in ethical terms that many individuals can find themselves cooperating productively with strangers and acquaintances on a scope never before seen? How might it affect, or at least enable, human action and affection, and how would these effects or possibilities affect our capacities to be virtuous human beings? We suggest that the emergence of peer production offers an opportunity for more people to engage in practices that permit them to exhibit and experience virtuous behavior. We posit: (a) that a society that provides opportunities for virtuous behavior is one that is more conducive to virtuous individuals; and (b) that the practice of effective virtuous behavior may lead to more people adopting virtues as their own, or as attributes of what they see as their self-definition. The central thesis of this paper is that socio-technical systems of commons-based peer production offer not only a remarkable medium of production for various The Journal of Political Philosophy: Volume 14, Number 4, 2006, pp. 394–419
Political influence associates with cortisol and health among egalitarian forager-farmers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low social status increases risk of disease due, in part, to the psychosocial stress that accompanies feeling subordinate or poor. Previous studies report that chronic stress and chronically elevated cortisol can impair cardiovascular and immune function. We test whether lower status is more benign in small-scale, relatively egalitarian societies, where leaders lack coercive authority and there is minimal material wealth to contest. METHODOLOGY: Among Tsimane' forager-horticulturalists of lowland Bolivia, we compare informal political influence among men with urinary cortisol, immune activation (innate and acquired), and morbidity as assessed during routine medical exams. RESULTS: After controlling for potential confounds, we find that politically influential men have lower cortisol, and that this association is partly attributable to access to social support. Cortisol is positively associated with men's income, which may reflect chronic psychosocial stress from market involvement. Greater influence is also associated with lower probability of respiratory infection, which is a frequent source of morbidity among Tsimane'. Among men who lost influence over a 4-year period, cortisol and probability of respiratory infection were higher the greater the decline in influence. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Deleterious effects of low status on health are not merely 'diseases of civilization' but may result from how (even subtle) status differences structure human behavior.
Distributed SNR estimation using constant modulus signaling over Gaussian multiple-access channels

A sensor network is used for distributed SNR estimation. Sensors observe a signal embedded in noise. These observations are phase modulated using a constant-modulus scheme and transmitted over a Gaussian multiple-access channel to a fusion center. At the fusion center, the location parameter and scale parameter are estimated using a minimum-variance estimator as well as computationally simple alternatives. Performance evaluated using the asymptotic variance of the estimators shows that the computationally simple estimators have the same asymptotic performance as the minimum-variance estimators. The optimal phase transmission parameters are also determined for different sensing noise distributions. Simulation results corroborate analytical results.
Differential Impacts of Country of Origin Labeling: COOL Econometric Evidence from Cattle Markets

Abstract Country of origin labeling (COOL) occurs routinely for many products in many places, but the US implementation of mandatory COOL for meat, whose purpose is to identify the origin of the livestock used to produce the meat, generated much controversy and a major WTO dispute that has yet to be settled. This paper estimates econometrically differential market impacts of mandatory COOL on cattle raised in Canada and imported into the United States. We find significant evidence of differential impacts of COOL through widening of the price bases and a decline in ratios of imports to total domestic use for both fed and feeder cattle.
Packet error probabilities in direct-sequence spread-spectrum packet radio networks

The problem of computing packet error probabilities caused by a combination of noise at the receivers and interference between packet transmissions is discussed. An upper bound on the packet error probability induced in direct-sequence spread-spectrum networks is computed. The bound is valid independently of whether signals arrive with equal or unequal powers at the receiver site. It has a simple form, is easy to compute, and is valid for various classes of forward error correction codes (e.g. BCH, convolutional codes). >
Discovery of rotational braking in the magnetic helium-strong star sigma orionis e

We present new U-band photometry of the magnetic helium-strong star σ Ori E, obtained over 2004–2009 using the SMARTS 0.9 m telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. When combined with historical measurements, these data constrain the evolution of the star’s 1.19 day rotation period over the past three decades. We are able to rule out a constant period at the pnull = 0.05% level, and instead find that the data are well described (pnull = 99.3%) by a period increasing linearly at a rate of 77 ms per year. This corresponds to a characteristic spin-down time of 1.34 Myr, in good agreement with theoretical predictions based on magnetohydrodynamical simulations of angular momentum loss from magnetic massive stars. We therefore conclude that the observations are consistent with σ Ori E undergoing rotational braking due to its magnetized line-driven wind.
Synthesis of the Four 3‐Aminotricyclo [2.2.1.0(2,6)] Heptane‐1,3‐Dicarboxylic Acid Isomers

Abstract A process to prepare the four stereoisomers of the tricyclic 3‐aminotricyclo[2.2.1.0(2,6)] heptane‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid, a potent selective inhibitor of the EAAT2 transporter, is described.
Doping-induced spectral shifts in two-dimensional metal oxides

Doping of strongly layered ionic oxides is an established paradigm for creating novel electronic behavior. This is nowhere more apparent than in superconductivity, where doping gives rise to high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates (hole doped) and to surprisingly high Tc in HfNCl (Tc = 25.5 K, electron doped). First-principles calculations of hole doping of the layered delafossite CuAlO2 reveal unexpectedly large doping-induced shifts in spectral density, strongly in opposition to the rigid-band picture that is widely used as an accepted guideline. These spectral shifts, of similar origin as the charge transfer used to produce negative electron affinity surfaces and adjust Schottky barrier heights, drastically alter the character of the Fermi level carriers, leading in this material to an O-Cu-O molecule-based carrier (or polaron, at low doping) rather than a nearly pure-Cu hole as in a rigid-band picture. First-principles linear response electron-phonon coupling (EPC) calculations reveal, as a consequence, net weak EPC and no superconductivity rather than the high Tc obtained previously using rigid-band expectations. These specifically two-dimensional dipole-layer–driven spectral shifts provide new insights into materials design in layered materials for functionalities besides superconductivity.
Efficient synthesis of 1‐alkyl(aralkyl)‐3‐methyl(ethyl)imidazolium halides: Precursors for room‐temperature ionic liquids

Facile preparation of 1-alkyl(aralkyl)-3-methyl(ethyl)imidazolium bromides and chlorides is reported. With short reaction times, the desired salts are obtained without purification in high yields from equimolar amounts of reactants.
Do Women Pay More for Mortgages

This paper documents women on average pay more for mortgages than men. The disparity cannot be fully explained by traditional variables such as mortgage features, borrower characteristics, and market conditions. While the persistence of gender disparity may suggest discrimination, we offer a different explanation: women pay higher rates because they are more likely to choose lenders by recommendation while men tend to search for the lowest rate. Our empirical test confirms that search effort is rewarded in marketplace, and suggests that gender disparity in mortgage rates may be addressed by policies aimed at improving women’s financial literacy and search skills.
FFAG accelerator proton driver for neutrino factory

This paper is the summary of a conceptual study of a Proton Driver for Neutrino Factory based on the use of a Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) Accelerator. The required proton energy range for an optimum neutrino production is 5 to 12 GeV. This can be accomplished with a group of three concentric rings each with 807 m circumference [1]. FFAG Accelerators [2] have the capability to accelerate charged particles over a large momentum range ({+-}30-50%) and the feature of constant bending and focusing fields. Particles can be accelerated very fast at the rate given by the accelerating field of RF cavities placed in proper locations between magnets. The performance of FFAG accelerators is to be placed between that of Super-Conducting Linear Accelerators (SCL), with which they share the fast acceleration rate, and Rapid-Cycling Synchrotrons (RCS), as they allow the beam to re-circulate over fewer revolutions. Brookhaven National Laboratory is involved in the study of feasibility of FFAG Accelerators to accelerate intense beams of protons in the GeV energy range for a variety of applications the most important of which is the Upgrade of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) with a new FFAG injector [3] accelerating from 400 MeV to 1.5 GeV. more » The ring would be housed in the AGS tunnel and has henceforth a circumference of 807 m. « less
Efficient quantum circuits for diagonal unitaries without ancillas

The accurate evaluation of diagonal unitary operators is often the most resource-intensive element of quantum algorithms such as real-space quantum simulation and Grover search. Efficient circuits have been demonstrated in some cases but generally require ancilla registers, which can dominate the qubit resources. In this paper, we give a simple way to construct efficient circuits for diagonal unitaries without ancillas, using a correspondence between Walsh functions and a basis for diagonal operators. This correspondence reduces the problem of constructing the minimal-depth circuit within a given error tolerance, for an arbitrary diagonal unitary in the basis, to that of finding the minimal-length Walsh-series approximation to the function f(x). We apply this approach to the quantum simulation of the classical Eckart barrier problem of quantum chemistry, demonstrating that high-fidelity quantum simulations can be achieved with few qubits and low depth.
MASTER STABILITY FUNCTIONS FOR SYNCHRONIZED COUPLED SYSTEMS

We show that many coupled oscillator array configurations considered in the literature can be put into a simple form so that determining the stability of the synchronous state can be done by a master stability function which solves, once and for all, the problem of synchronous stability for many couplings of that oscillator.
Preparation of α,α-difluoroalkanesulfonic acids

Abstract Chlorodifluoromethanesulfonic acid (1) was prepared using a new procedure starting from perchloromercaptan, which is readily obtained from chlorination of CS2. Modified Swarts reaction transformed N,N-diethyl trichloromethanesulfenamide into N,N-diethyl chlorodifluoromethanesulfenamide, and the latter species was further oxidized and hydrolyzed into chlorodifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The preparations of other two new α,α-difluoroalkanesulfonic acids, phenyl difluoromethanesulfonic acid (2) and 2-phenyl-1,1,2,2,-tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid (3), are also disclosed. The acids 2 and 3 are stable in the forms of sodium (lithium) salts or in aqueous solutions; however, the pure forms of 2 and 3 can readily undergo defluorinations. 1–3 and their salts have potential applications as superacid catalysts and lithium battery electrolytes.
Complexity of matching problems

The associative-commutative matching problem is shown to be NP-complete; more precisely, the matching problem for terms in which some function symbols are uninterpreted and others are both associative and commutative, is NP-complete. It turns out that the similar problems of associative-matching and commutative-matching are also NP-complete. However, if every variable appears at most once in a term being matched, then the associative-commutative matching problem is shown to have an upper-bound of O ( | s | ^* | t |^3), where | s | and | t | are respectively the sizes of the pattern 8 and the subject t.
Selective Matrimid Membranes Containing Mesoporous Molecular Sieves

We have employed mesoporous molecular sieves in polymer membranes in an effort to enhance the permselectivity. The principal advantage of these materials is that the polymer chains can penetrate the pores reducing the nonselective voids that are often observed with inorganic additives. In this study, we have prepared Matrimid® membranes with various loadings of the all silica molecular sieve DAM-1 (Dallas Amorphous Material) as well as DAM-1 functionalized with amines in the channel wall, to enhance the gas permeability characteristics of a high performance polymer. For all gases tested (N2, O2, CO2, CH4), the permeability increased in proportion to the wt of the amine DAM-1 present in the membrane. The addition of the amine DAM-1 resulted in modest ideal O2/N2 permselectivity, while the ideal CO2/CH4 permselectivity values were >100, depending upon the moisture content of the feed. The ideal CO2/CH4 permselectivity values are among the highest for this type of composite membrane. Details of membrane fabrication as well as permeability and permselectivity results will be presented for a range of Matrimid®/molecular sieve composites.
Platinum-Catalyzed Tandem Diboration/Asymmetric Allylboration: Access to Nonracemic Functionalized 1,3-Diols

A single-pot tandem catalytic diene diboration/carbonyl allylation reaction is described that uses a commercially available chiral diboron reagent. The chirality of the intermediate diboration adduct is transferred to the product in the carbonyl allylation reaction, thereby providing access to enantioenriched chiral products. Notably, the reaction allows for construction of a quaternary stereocenter and furnishes a synthetically versatile C−B bond in the reaction product.
Nuclear structure, random interactions and mesoscopic physics

Abstract Standard concepts of nuclear physics explaining the systematics of ground state spins in nuclei by the presence of specific coherent terms in the nucleon–nucleon interaction were put in doubt by the observation that these systematics can be reproduced with high probability by randomly chosen rotationally invariant interactions. We review the recent development in this area, along with new original results of the authors. The self-organizing role of geometry in a finite mesoscopic system explains the main observed features in terms of the created mean field and correlations that are considered in analogy to the random phase approximation.
Strategic Drivers of Location Decisions for Information-Age Companies

The location decision-making process of forty companies with high quality “information-age” jobs is examined. A typology of location decisions is presented based on the magnitude of the relocation ...
Deterministic Algorithms for the Lovász Local Lemma

The Lovasz local lemma (LLL) [P. Erdos and L. Lovasz, Problems and results on 3-chromatic hypergraphs and some related questions, in Infinite and Finite Sets, Vol. II, A. Hajnal, R. Rado, and V. T. Sos, eds., North--Holland, Amsterdam, 1975, pp. 609--627] is a powerful result in probability theory that informally states the following: the probability that none of a set of bad events happens is positive if the probability of each event is small compared to the number of events that depend on it. The LLL is often used for nonconstructive existence proofs of combinatorial structures. A prominent application is to $k$-CNF formulas, where the LLL implies that if every clause in a formula shares variables with at most $d \leq 2^k/e-1$ other clauses, then such a formula has a satisfying assignment. Recently, a randomized algorithm to efficiently construct a satisfying assignment in this setting was given by Moser [A constructive proof of the Lovasz local lemma, in STOC '09: Proceedings of the 41st Annual ACM Sym...
Catalysis science of supported vanadium oxide catalysts

Supported vanadium oxide catalysts contain a vanadium oxide phase deposited on a high surface area oxide support (e.g., Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, etc.) and have found extensive applications as oxidation catalysts in the chemical, petroleum and environmental industries. This review of supported vanadium oxide catalysts focuses on the fundamental aspects of this novel class of catalytic materials (molecular structures, electronic structures, surface chemistry and structure–reactivity relationships). The molecular and electronic structures of the supported vanadium oxide phases were determined by the application of modern in situ characterization techniques (Raman, IR, UV-vis, XANES, EXAFS, solid state 51V NMR and isotopic oxygen exchange). The characterization studies revealed that the supported vanadium oxide phase consists of two-dimensional surface vanadia sites dispersed on the oxide supports. Corresponding surface chemistry and reactivity studies demonstrated that the surface vanadia sites are the catalytic active sites for oxidation reactions by supported vanadia catalysts. Combination of characterization and reactivity studies demonstrate that the oxide support controls the redox properties of the surface vanadia sites that can be varied by as much as a factor of ∼103.
Surgery obstructions from Khovanov homology

For a 3-manifold with torus boundary admitting an appropriate involution, we show that Khovanov homology provides obstructions to certain exceptional Dehn fillings. For example, given a strongly invertible knot in S3, we give obstructions to lens space surgeries, as well as obstructions to surgeries with finite fundamental group. These obstructions are based on homological width in Khovanov homology, and in the case of finite fundamental group depend on a calculation of the homological width for a family of Montesinos links.
Hyperon Physics from Lattice QCD

I review recent lattice calculations of hyperon physics, including hyperon spectroscopy, axial coupling constants, form factors and semileptonic decays.
THE FREQUENCY OF HOT JUPITERS ORBITING NEARBY SOLAR-TYPE STARS*

We determine the fraction of F, G, and K dwarfs in the solar neighborhood hosting hot Jupiters as measured by the California Planet Survey from the Lick and Keck planet searches. We find the rate to be 1.2% ± 0.38%, which is consistent with the rate reported by Mayor et al. from the HARPS and CORALIE radial velocity (RV) surveys. These numbers are more than double the rate reported by Howard et al. for Kepler stars and the rate of Gould et al. from the OGLE-III transit search; however, due to small number statistics these differences are of only marginal statistical significance. We explore some of the difficulties in estimating this rate from the existing RV data sets and comparing RV rates to rates from other techniques.
Flame-Flow Interactions and Flow Reversal

The interaction of a premixed methane/air flame with flow unsteadiness is studied computationally using a stagnation-point flow configuration. The problem is of fundamental interest and also relevant for turbulent combustion in the laminar flamelet regime. In the present study, of particular interest is the flame residing in a weakly strained flow field such that the flame is stabilized away from the viscous boundary layer adjacent to the stagnation plane and is free to move in response to flow perturbations. An unsteady sinusoidal strain rate field is imposed on the flame, and an extensive parametric study is conducted by varying the frequency and amplitude of strain rate fluctuation. It is found that for high frequencies and large amplitudes, flow direction reverses upstream of the flame, thereby establishing a new stagnation plane in the preheat zone ahead of the flame. This observation indicates that the flame strongly effects the upstream flow field and could also possibly explain the reported occurence of flow reversal in experimental studies of turbulent jet flames. Lewis number effects on flame-flow interaction and flow reversal is studied by investigating highly lean (Le 1) hydrogen/air flames. Comparisons of the results are made with an earlier theoretical study of flame-flow interactions incorporating a hydrodynamic model [Z. Huang, J. K. Bechtold, M. Matalon, Combust. Theory Modelling 2 (1998) 115-133].
Randomized greedy algorithms for independent sets and matchings in regular graphs: Exact results and finite girth corrections

We derive new results for the performance of a simple greedy algorithm for finding large independent sets and matchings in constant-degree regular graphs. We show that for r-regular graphs with n nodes and girth at least g, the algorithm finds an independent set of expected cardinality \[ f(r)n-O\biggl(\frac{(r-1)^{\frac{g}{2}}}{ \frac{g}{2}!} n\biggr), \] where f(r) is a function which we explicitly compute. A similar result is established for matchings. Our results imply improved bounds for the size of the largest independent set in these graphs, and provide the first results of this type for matchings. As an implication we show that the greedy algorithm returns a nearly perfect matching when both the degree r and girth g are large. Furthermore, we show that the cardinality of independent sets and matchings produced by the greedy algorithm in arbitrary bounded-degree graphs is concentrated around the mean. Finally, we analyse the performance of the greedy algorithm for the case of random i.i.d. weighted independent sets and matchings, and obtain a remarkably simple expression for the limiting expected values produced by the algorithm. In fact, all the other results are obtained as straightforward corollaries from the results for the weighted case.
Two‐grid methods for semilinear interface problems

In this article, we consider two-grid finite element methods for solving semilinear interface problems in d space dimensions, for d = 2 or d = 3. We consider semilinear problems with discontinuous diffusion coefficients, which includes problems containing subcritical, critical, and supercritical nonlinearities. We establish basic quasioptimal a priori error estimates for Galerkin approximations. We then design a two-grid algorithm consisting of a coarse grid solver for the original nonlinear problem, and a fine grid solver for a linearized problem. We analyze the quality of approximations generated by the algorithm and show that the coarse grid may be taken to have much larger elements than the fine grid, and yet one can still obtain approximation quality that is asymptotically as good as solving the original nonlinear problem on the fine mesh. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Bilayer membrane interactions with nanofabricated scaffolds

Abstract Membrane function is facilitated by lateral organization within the lipid bilayer, includingphase-separation of lipids into more ordered domains (lipid rafts) and anchoring of the membrane to a cytoskeleton. These features have proven difficult to reproduce in model membrane systems such as black lipid membranes, unilamellar vesicles and supported bilayers. However, advances in micro/nanofabrication have resulted in more realistic synthetic models of membrane-cytoskeleton interactions that can help uncover the design rules responsible for biological membrane formation and organization. This review will focus on describing micro-/nanostructured scaffolds that can emulate the connections of a cellular membrane to an underlying “cytoskeleton”. Examples include molecular-based scaffolds anchored to a solid substrate through surface chemistry, solid-state supports modified by material deposition, lithography and etching, the creation of micro/nanoporous arrays, integration with microfluidics, and droplet-based bilayers at interfaces.Model systems such as theseare increasing our understanding of structure and organization in cell membranes, and how they result in the emergence of functionality at the nanoscale.
Human gesture recognition on product manifolds

Action videos are multidimensional data and can be naturally represented as data tensors. While tensor computing is widely used in computer vision, the geometry of tensor space is often ignored. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of the intrinsic geometry of tensor space which yields a very discriminating structure for action recognition. We characterize data tensors as points on a product manifold and model it statistically using least squares regression. To this aim, we factorize a data tensor relating to each order of the tensor using Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) and then impose each factorized element on a Grassmann manifold. Furthermore, we account for underlying geometry on manifolds and formulate least squares regression as a composite function. This gives a natural extension from Euclidean space to manifolds. Consequently, classification is performed using geodesic distance on a product manifold where each factor manifold is Grassmannian. Our method exploits appearance and motion without explicitly modeling the shapes and dynamics. We assess the proposed method using three gesture databases, namely the Cambridge hand-gesture, the UMD Keck body-gesture, and the CHALEARN gesture challenge data sets. Experimental results reveal that not only does the proposed method perform well on the standard benchmark data sets, but also it generalizes well on the one-shot-learning gesture challenge. Furthermore, it is based on a simple statistical model and the intrinsic geometry of tensor space.
A technique for computation of noise temperature due to a beam waveguide shroud

The authors present a relatively simple technique used to compute a real BWG (beam waveguide) system noise temperature by combining analytical techniques with data from experimental tests. Specific expressions and parameters for X-band BWG noise computation are obtained for NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) BWG antennas. These expressions are also valid for various conditions of the BWG feed systems, including horn sizes and positions, and mirror sizes, curvatures, and positions. >
Unambiguous evidence for extended s-wave pairing symmetry in hole-doped high-temperature superconductors

We have analysed data from angle-resolved photo-emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and low-temperature thermal conductivity for optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2 O 8+y in order to discriminate between d-wave and extended s-wave pairing symmetry. The combined data are inconsistent with d-wave symmetry, but quantitatively consistent with extended s-wave symmetry with eight line nodes. We also explain all phase-sensitive experiments in a consistent manner.
Synchrotron beam-loading stability with a higher RF harmonic

This work extends Robinson's stability studies (1956) to include a higher RF harmonic. Using an equivalent circuit model, the stability of the "0-mode" coherent dipole oscillation of bunched beams is studied for synchrotrons or storage rings with RF systems operated at the fundamental and a higher harmonic, i.e., a second or third harmonic. Analytical expressions of the stability criteria are derived from the linearized circuit equations. Numerical solutions of the fully nonlinear equations are provided to compare with the analytical results. A simple feedback model for stabilization is discussed. >
Regional monetary integration

This book surveys the prospects for regional monetary integration in various parts of the world. Beginning with a brief review of the theory of optimal currency areas, it goes on to examine the structure and functioning of the European Monetary Union, then turns to the prospects for monetary integration elsewhere in the world - North America, South America, and East Asia. Such cooperation may take the form of full-fledged monetary unions or looser forms of monetary cooperation. The book emphasizes the economic and institutional requirements for successful monetary integration, including the need for a single central bank in the case of a full-fledged monetary union, and the corresponding need for multinational institutions to safeguard its independence and assure its accountability. The book concludes with a chapter on the implications of monetary integration for the United States and the US dollar.
Diversity combining with up-link power control

We introduce in this paper a new adaptive power-controlled diversity combining scheme that reduces the average transmitted power of the mobile units (MUs) while meeting a certain minimum required quality of service. The key idea is (i) to collect and combine all the available diversity paths at the base station (BS) and then (ii) to request the MU to increase or decrease its transmitted power just to track the required target signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Four power control variants accounting for practical implementation constraints including discrete power levels and transmitter gain saturation are proposed and studied. Some selected numerical results show that the proposed scheme offers considerable savings in the transmitted power levels over a wide SNR range but amplifier saturation leads to a violation of the target BER requirement in the low average SNR range. Additional numerical examples show that the power control variants that take into account practical implementation constraints conserve the main features of the ideal continuous power algorithm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This is an extended version of work which was accepted for presentation in 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC'06), Helsinki, Finland, September 2006.
Racial Differences in Bone Mineral Density and Fractures in Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Purpose: Whether race influences bone loss and fracture risk during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer is unknown. Using data from a prospective clinical trial we compared bone mineral density and fracture between African-American and Caucasian men receiving androgen deprivation therapy.Materials and Methods: A total of 516 subjects were in the placebo group of a 2-year randomized placebo controlled fracture prevention trial, and were African-American (68) or Caucasian (448). We compared baseline characteristics, changes in bone mineral density and rates of new fractures between races.Results: Compared to Caucasian men, African-American men had higher baseline hip bone mineral density (mean ± SD 0.98 ± 0.15 vs 0.91 ± 0.15 gm/m2, p = 0.001) and similar spine bone mineral density (1.09 ± 0.22 vs 1.11 ± 0.22, p = 0.51). There was no difference in prevalent vertebral fractures between African-American and Caucasian men (7.4% vs 15.0%, p = 0.13). The percentage change in hip bone mineral density ...
Exponential Polynomials, Stirling Numbers, and Evaluation of Some Gamma Integrals

This article is a short elementary review of the exponential polynomials (also called single-variable Bell polynomials) from the point of view of analysis. Some new properties are included, and several analysis-related applications are mentioned. At the end of the paper one application is described in details—certain Fourier integrals involving Γ ( 𝑎 + 𝑖 𝑡 ) and Γ ( 𝑎 + 𝑖 𝑡 ) Γ ( 𝑏 − 𝑖 𝑡 ) are evaluated in terms of Stirling numbers.
Exploring the Reproduction of Conflict Through Narrative: Israeli Youth Motivated to Participate in a Coexistence Program

Contemporary Israeli youth are socialized in the context of intractable nationalist conflict with Palestinians, characterized by a “master” historical narrative of Jewish Israeli identity that exacerbates the conflict. This exploratory study examines the relation between this master narrative and the personal narratives of youth motivated to participate in a coexistence program. Narratives of youth suggest points of both convergence and divergence with the master narrative in their form, thematic content, and ideological settings. Like the larger story of Jewish Israeli identity, the stories of youth assumed a redemptive form and integrated themes of existential insecurity, historical persecution, exceptionalism, and delegitimization of Palestinian identity. Divergence with the master narrative suggested the significance of local communities and the growing pluralism of Israeli society, as well as policy shifts in Israel regarding the legitimacy of Palestinian statehood. Despite motivation to participate ...
Monetary Institutions, Partisanship, and Inflation Targeting

Since 1989, 25 countries have adopted a monetary policy rule known as inflation targeting (IT), in which the central bank commits to using monetary policy solely for the purpose of meeting a publicly announced numerical inflation target within a particular time frame. In contrast, many other countries continue to conduct monetary policy without a "nominal anchor" or any explicit policy rule. Inflation targeting has received much attention from policymakers and the IMF, but scholars of international political economy have not accounted for variation in adoption of IT. We construct a simple model that demonstrates that countries are more likely to adopt IT when there is a conformity of preferences for tight monetary policy between the government and the central bank. More specifically, the combination of a right-leaning government and a central bank without bank regulatory authority is likely to be associated with the adoption of IT. Results from Markov transition models estimated on a time-series cross-sectional dataset of 49 countries between 1987 and 2003 provide strong statistical support for our argument about the adoption of IT. Additionally, estimates from both Heckman selection models and non-parametric matching methods provide strong evidence of the association between IT and low inflation.
Second-Order Dynamic Capabilities: How Do They Matter?

Similar to the fairly well-established distinction between substantive capabilities and dynamic capabilities, a further distinction can be made between first-order dynamic capabilities (which have been the subject of much interest and debate over the past two decades) and second-order dynamic capabilities (which have received considerably less attention thus far). Based on a large-scale survey study in the context of strategic alliances, this paper empirically examines second-order dynamic capabilities in two ways. First, I find that, for the most part, the performance effect of second-order dynamic capabilities is indirect and mediated by first-order dynamic capabilities. Second, results show a negative interaction between first- and second-order dynamic capabilities, suggesting that they function as substitutes in affecting performance outcomes. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the interplay between levels of the dynamic capabilities hierarchy.
Gamma-ray spectrometers using superconducting transition edge sensors with external active feedback bias

We are developing X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometers with high absorption efficiency and high energy-resolution for X-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy. They are microcalorimeters consisting of a bulk Sn absorber coupled to a Mo/Cu multilayer superconducting transition edge sensor (TES). We have operated these microcalorimeters with an external active feedback bias to linearize the detector response, improve the count rate performance, and extend the detection energy range. We measured an energy resolution of 120 eV FWHM for 60 keV incident gamma-rays with no degradation of resolution from active bias. We present X-ray and gamma-ray results and operation of this detector design in both bias modes.