cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CONSIDERATIONS IN COMMON PROBLEMS FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE HOT WATER FLOOR RADIANT HEATING

There are several common problems in the applied for low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating,Such as design heating with actual amount heating quantity has deviation,ignore tubing min wall thickness and resistance oxygen requirements,etc.Present the method of calculating heat release per unit floor area according to the efficient heat release area.Propose to point out the rate of furniture covering and the material of floor surface selected by designer in design drawings.Put forward the improved method for construction and regulation.
Is Hydroxyethyl Starch Safe in Penetrating Trauma Patients

ABSTRACT Objectives: For logistic reasons, a bolus of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES 450/0.7 in lactated electrolyte injection) is recommended for battlefield resuscitation even though it has risks of mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI) in certain patient populations. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that victims of penetrating trauma have no increased risks of AKI and/or death when receiving a single bolus of HES during initial fluid resuscitation. Methods: 816 consecutive admissions with penetrating trauma were reviewed. Patients who died within 24 hours were excluded. Propensity scores and a 1:1 fixed ratio nearest neighbor matching were used to compare those who received HES to those who did not. Data were expressed as mean ± SD and significance was assessed at p < 0.05. Results: The cohort was 88% male, age 35 ± 14 years, injury severity score of 10 ± 10, with a 3.8% rate of AKI, and 3.2% rate of mortality. HES was administered to 121 (14.8%) patients. In HES and no HES propensit...
494 SPINAL HARDWARE REMOVAL: INDICATIONS, OUTCOMES, AND PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS

Background Although instrumentation (hardware, HW) has improved rates of spinal arthrodesis, it can sometimes cause irritation, requiring its removal (HWR). Very little has been demonstrated about the efficacy of HWR in relieving pain and improving function, especially in patients without pseudarthrosis (PA) or other “obvious pain generators.” This study quantifies and reports the 1) demographics and operative indications of patients undergoing HWR 2) intraoperative findings during HWR surgery 3) outcomes following HWR for patients both with and without PA or other “obvious pain generators” and 4) predictors of HWR outcomes. Methods Retrospective review of 42 patients undergoing HWR at one university center from 2001–04. Operative procedures included HWR, re-fusion of PA (when present), and a preoperative diagnostic HW Injection (anesthetic) for 50% of patients. Patient outcomes were assessed using clinic/operative notes, radiographs, and questionnaires assessing pain, functional improvement, patient satisfaction, and medication usage. We used Odom’s criteria to assign an overall outcome score for each patient. Results Intraoperatively, 5 Patients had confirmed PA, 3 bent/broken HW, and 3 loose HW. On average, for patients without PA or obvious pain generators, HWR provided significant pain relief (47.3%) and functional improvement while decreasing usage of pain medication. Odom scores were high for all patients. Pain relief from HWR and from HW injection was highly correlated (r=0.78). Younger patients, those with more fused segment, and those with more time without pain following initial arthrodesis had significantly increased pain relief from HWR. Female patients had better overall outcomes (Odom scores). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate overall pain and functional improvement following HWR for patients without PA or obvious pain generators, and identify variables that predict successful pain relief and good outcomes following HWR. We also show for the first time that HW injection is a highly reliable diagnostic tool for predicting pain relief from HWR.
Investigation of target and ground clutter reflections on the correlation between transmitted and received noise signals

The use of noise waveforms for radar has been popular for many years; however, not much work has been done to extend their use to long range applications. To understand the practicality of using noise for this work, the correlation values between transmitted and received signals were investigated as well as the ratio of reflected to transmitted power. This was done for both ground clutter and simple shapes representing targets of interest. Reflections from these different surfaces are dependent on the frequency of operation, polarization, angle of incidence, and target material. To act as a direct comparison to the noise waveform, a chirp signal was also reflected from these surfaces and correlated with the originally transmitted signal. For terrain, it was found that the noise offers similar correlation patterns as the chirp waveform but slightly larger reflected power for certain cases. Additionally, noise waveforms have decreased correlation values compared to chirp waveforms at low angles. For the simple shaped targets, the noise and chirp signals had similar correlation patterns, values, and power ratios.
Starry-Eyed Semiotics: Learning to Read Slothrop's Map and Gravity's Rainbow

Throughout his novels, Thomas Pynchon demonstrates a meticulous concern for the interrelationship and dislocation between character and locale. Pynchon places his fictions in actual geographic locations, and like James Joyce in Ulysses and Graham Greene in It's a Battlefield, he exploits each location by filling his fictions with facts.
Detection of renovascular hypertension: saralasin test versus renin determinations.

AbstractAngiotensin blockade was established in hypertensive patients with the competitive inhibitor saralasin and the blood pressure response was compared to prior renin determinations. Two patients with subsequently confirmed renovascular hypertension had normal peripheral renin and non-lateralizing renal vein renin ratios, yet both showed a clear-cut lowering of blood pressure after administration of the blocking agent, indicating the presence of renin-mediated hypertension. Thus, direct in vivo testing with saralasin appears to offer certain advantages over renin determinations.
Endourological Experience With Cystine Calculi and a Treatment Algorithm

AbstractBetween May 1984 and January 1988, 18 patients (31 pyeloureteral units) with documented symptomatic cystine stones were treated. Stone size ranged from 5 to 56mm. in largest diameter, with an average of 21mm. All pyeloureteral units were treated initially by endourological methods, including ureteroscopy in 10, percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy in 9, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL**Dornier Medical Systems, Inc., Marietta, Georgia.) in 10 and chemolysis in 2. Of the patients 10 required a combination of these technologies and 2 required an open operation. Of the 31 units 23 were free of stones when the patient was discharged from the hospital. Of 8 patients with retained stones only 3 had fragments greater than 3mm. in diameter.Based on this experience an algorithm was developed for the urological management of cystine stones. Ureteral calculi may be removed by ureteroscopic techniques or manipulated into the renal pelvis and managed as renal stones. Cystine renal calculi of less tha...
THE ONE FUND SOLUTION: "IT'S MY MONEY AND I NEED IT NOW!"

The thrust of the article is to look at several proposed solutions to the current debt crisis, the long term effects of which will be dominated by Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, and suggest that private accounts structured as presented in the One Fund Solution giving each individual a visible stake in their own future and some control over the use of their money is a concept that would make everyone a part of the solution to the debt crisis.
Inequality, ethnic diversity, and redistribution

Seminal political economy models from Meltzer and Richard, among others, theorize that, in democracies, more inequality should lead to more redistribution. Most country-level empirical studies find weak support for this prediction. This paper makes two contributions to this debate. First, I identify some of the key shortcomings of previous tests and provide a new empirical analysis that corrects for these limitations. Using a dataset covering 89 developed and developing democracies, I find that inequality is associated with more redistribution. Second, I show that inequality’s effect on redistribution is weaker in democracies in which the poor – defined as the people with income below the median – are divided along ethnic lines than in those in which they are ethnically unified. Taken together, these results suggest that although economic inequality increases redistribution, the magnitude of the relationship is conditional on how inequality interacts with other social cleavages, such as ethnicity.
Defining time crystals via representation theory

Time crystals are proposed states of matter that spontaneously break time translation symmetry. Despite much recent interest, there is no settled definition for such states and existing definitions only tangentially refer to the well-established foundations of spontaneous symmetry breaking. We offer a definition of time crystals, which treats time translation much like any other symmetry and follows the traditional recipe for defining Wigner symmetries and order parameters. Using our definition, we find: (i) systems with time independent Hamiltonians should not exhibit time translation symmetry breaking, and (ii) the many-body localized $\ensuremath{\pi}$ spin glass/Floquet time crystal can be viewed as breaking both a global internal symmetry and the time translation symmetry, as befits the two aspects of its name.
Stronger and (now) longer synthetic collagen.

Prevalence of Collagen Collagen is the most abundant protein in modern animals, including humans.1,2 The natural selection of collagen as an anatomical scaffold was made long ago. Collagen has been isolated from soft tissue in the fossilized bones of a 68-million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex and a half-million-year-old mastodon.3,4 No isolated DNA is that old.5,6 The archaeological longevity of collagen is even more remarkable considering that a peptide bond has a half-life of 400 years, whereas a phosphodiester bond has a half-life of 30 million years.7–10 Collagen comprises ⅓ of the human proteome and ¾ of the dry weight of human skin.1,2 To date, 28 different types of collagen have been found in humans, and many other human proteins are known to contain collagenous domains.2 A defining feature of all types of collagen is a unique tertiary structure in which three parallel strands, each in a polyproline II-type (PPII) helix (which is left-handed), are wound around a common axis to form a triple helix (which is right-handed) (Figure 1A). The packing of this coiled-coil structure requires that every third residue be glycine (Gly), resulting in a repeating Xaa–Yaa–Gly sequence. The residue in the Xaa position of these triplets is often 2S-proline (l-proline or Pro), and the residue in the Yaa position is often (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline (Hyp). In human type I collagen, which is the most abundant form, 28% of the Xaa residues are Pro, 38% of the Yaa residues are Hyp, and Pro–Hyp–Gly is the most common triplet.11 Fig. 1 Structure of a (Pro–Hyp–Gly)n triple helix. (A) Space-filling model of a long segment. (B) Ball-and-stick model of a short segment indicating Hyp residues and XaaC=O⋯H–NGly hydrogen bonds. (C) Register of the residues in ... Individual triple helices of collagen are organized into fibrils of great tensile strength and flexibility. These fibrils can be arranged and cross-linked so as to support stress efficiently in one, two, or three dimensions in tissues such as tendon, skin, and cartilage, respectively. Abnormalities in collagen structure are associated with connective tissue diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, and some types of osteoporosis and arthritis.1,12–15 A complete understanding of the basis for collagen stability (and instability) could lead to effective therapies for these and other disorders. Collagen is also an important biomaterial.16,17 For example, natural collagen is the principal component of biodegradable sutures and artificial heart valves. Obtaining natural collagen in high purity without degrading its structural integrity is difficult. Moreover, the natural collagen that is most readily available is bovine collagen, which can engender allergic and immunological side effects in humans.18 Despite numerous studies on synthetic collagen, few have been tested as biomaterials.19
Exploring the effect of uncertainty avoidance on taking voluntary protective security actions

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the main and qualifying effect of Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance dimension (i.e., a culture's acceptance of ambiguous or uncertain situations) of national culture on an individual's protection motivation intentions (using protection motivation theory) to adopt an information security control voluntarily. Uncertainty avoidance is particularly relevant to protection motivation theory and voluntary security related actions, because individuals often perceive high levels of ambiguity related to the threat and the mitigating control that can be adopted voluntarily. The voluntary action that we investigated in this paper is the adoption of password managers due to the perceived uncertainty associated with the threat of having poor password management practices and the ambiguity related to the efficacy of adopting a password manager to mitigate this threat. Using a survey of 227 nationally diverse individuals, we found that uncertainty avoidance qualified the impact of perceived threat vulnerability and perceived threat severity on protection motivations to adopt a password manager voluntarily. In our data, the differential effect of uncertainty avoidance on perceived threat vulnerabilities was greater for those individuals reporting a below average level of uncertainty avoidance relative to an above average level of uncertainty avoidance, but we found the opposite qualifying effect on perceived threat severity. Counter to what we hypothesized, we found that the effect of uncertainty avoidance on protection motivations was negative. These results generally hold for the core and full PMT models. Our study suggests that a one-size fits all approach to security awareness education and training (especially for voluntary security actions) may not be appropriate due to the differential effect associated with individuals from different national cultures.
Survival of microbes in Earth's stratosphere

The remarkable survival of microorganisms high above the surface of the Earth is of increasing interest. At stratospheric levels, multiple stressors including ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, low temperatures, hypobaric conditions, extreme desiccation, and nutrient scarcity are all significant challenges. Our understanding of which microorganisms are capable of tolerating such stressful conditions has been addressed by stratospheric sample collection and survival assays, through launching and recovery, and exposure to simulated conditions in the laboratory. Here, we review stratospheric microbiology studies providing our current perspective on microbial life at extremely high altitudes and discuss implications for health and agriculture, climate change, planetary protection, and astrobiology.
Clinical and echocardiographic response of apical vs nonapical right ventricular lead position in CRT: A meta-analysis.

Background Traditionally the right ventricular (RV) pacing lead is placed in the RV apex in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). It is not clear whether nonapical placement of the RV lead is associated with a better response to CRT. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared apical and nonapical RV lead placement in CRT. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and relevant references for studies and performed meta-analysis using random effects model. Our main outcome measures were all-cause mortality, composite of death and heart failure hospitalization, improvement in ejection fraction (EF), left ventricle end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricle end-systolic volume (LVESV), and adverse events. Results Seven RCTs with a total population of 1641 patients (1199 apical and 492 nonapical) were included in our meta-analysis. There was no difference in all-cause mortality (5% vs 4.3%, odds ratio (OR) = 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-1.64; P = .65; I2 = 11%) and a composite of death and heart failure hospitalization (14.2% vs 12.9%, OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.61-1.38; P = .68; I2 = 0) between apical and nonapical groups. No difference in improvement in EF (Weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.37; 95% CI: -2.75-3.48; P = .82; I2 = 68%), change in LVEDV (WMD = 3.67; 95% CI: -4.86-12.20; P = .40; I2 = 89%) and LVESV (WMD = -1.20; 95% CI: -4.32-1.91; P = .45; I2 = 0) were noted between apical and nonapical groups. Proportion of patients achieving >15% improvement in EF was similar in both groups (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.62-1.16; P = .31; I2 = 0). Conclusion In patients with CRT, nonapical RV pacing is not associated with improved clinical and echocardiographic outcomes compared with RV apical pacing.
Light-based methods for whole blood bacterial inactivation enabled by a recirculating flow system.

Light of certain wavelengths can be used to inactivate pathogens. Whole blood is opaque; thus, the penetration of light is reduced. Here, we overcame this limitation using a thin transparent tube that is illuminated from all angles. Three light-based techniques were evaluated: photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a 660-nm light and antibody-photosensitizer conjugates, ultraviolet, and violet light. We observed a reduction of 55-71% of Staphylococcus aureus after 5 h of exposure (starting concentration 107 CFU mL-1 ) and an 88-97% reduction in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (starting 104 CFU mL-1 ). An 83-92% decrease for S. aureus and 98-99.9% decrease for MRSA were observed when combined with an immunocapture approach. Complete blood count with differential analysis did not reveal any significant changes in the blood cell numbers. Genotoxicity studies showed that violet and ultraviolet did not induce any significant level of single strand breaks and alkali labile sites in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In contrast, ultraviolet did induce a very low level of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, a UV damage indicator. PDT generated a significant level of single strand breaks and 8-oxoGua in these cells. The approaches showed promise for whole blood pathogen inactivation with minimal collateral damage to PBMC.
A Computer Program for the Doolittle Technique

(1974). A Computer Program for the Doolittle Technique. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 160-162.
Abstract 4082: Contrasting role for claudin-2 in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and spontaneous colon tumorigenesis (CRC) by regulating mucosal healing

A link between chronic inflammation and colon cancer has long been appreciated. Accordingly, patients with ulcerative colitis are at higher risk for developing colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Mucosal barrier dysregulation allies with inflammation and colon cancer. Accordingly, claudin-2, a tight junction protein, is upregulated in ulcerative colitis, CAC and spontaneous colon cancer (CRC). Remarkably, claudin-2 expression is restricted to the colon crypt base, among undifferentiated and proliferative colonocytes, and its increased expression is responsible for the regulation of paracellular permeability, differentiation and proliferation. However, causal role of claudin-2 in CAC and CRC remains unclear. Considering the recent data from our laboratory and of others, that in vivo genetic manipulation of claudin-2 has inverse effects on colitis, we hypothesized an adaptive role for increased claudin-2 expression in colitis by promoting mucosal healing. We further postulated that mucosal healing can manifest in contrasting phenotypes for the CAC and CRC. To examine, Villin-claudin-2 transgenic (Cldn-2) mice were subjected to CAC by exposing them to AOM/DSS-induced cancer or interbred with the APCmin mice, the mouse model of spontaneous intestinal cancer. It was intriguing that the inflammation-driven colon cancer (AOM/DSS induced colon cancer) was significantly suppressed in Cldn-2 mice compared to WT littermates (p
Introduction to Continuous Time

Let I be a finite or countably infinite set. A matrix M on I is a function (i, j) → M(i, j) from I × I to the real line. Call M stochastic iff M(i, j) ≧ 0 for all i and j, while Σ j M(i,j) = 1 for all i. Call M substochastic iff M(i, j) ≧ 0 for all i and j, while Σ j M(i, j) ≦ 1 for all i. Matrix multiplication is defined as usual: $$ MN\left( {i,j} \right) = \sum\nolimits_{{k \in I}} {\,M\left( {i,k} \right)N\left( {k,j} \right)} $$ .
Written Health Informational Needs for Reentry

This chapter will discuss the development and assessment of written health education and discharge planning materials as a low-cost and effective tool to supplement the continuation of health care at discharge. In no way is one naive enough to suggest, however, that written information is a cure-all to increase adherence to a discharge plan. Nonadherence to a medical regimen and lack of utilization of community health services on release results both from macro- and micro-level factors: lack of funds or insurance to pay for health services, inconvenient locations of the health services, adverse effects of medication, ineffective health education, and personal or cultural beliefs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], Self-study modules on tuberculosis: Patient adherence to tuberculosis treatment. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1999). Nevertheless, research also suggests that adherence to treatment and utilization of services is higher when written materials are incorporated in the discharge plan. This chapter argues that the research is unequivocal on the need for easily understandable discharge plans and also provides a template that correctional personnel can use when developing their own written materials for a correctional population.
Society of Hematologic Oncology State of the Art Update and Next Questions: Multiple Myeloma

Abstract During the past decade, the survival outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have dramatically improved, not only owing to the advent of a number of novel therapies, but also to the deepening insight regarding how to best use these options. Triplet-based induction regimens can yield overall response rates of ≤ 100%. In the relapsed and refractory setting, we have a multitude of doublet and triplet options available with high and durable response rates. The addition of monoclonal antibodies has provided a new class of agents to augment our standard approach with novel therapies. Minimal residual disease status testing has worked its way into the lexicon of the myeloma-treating physician and provides both prognostic and potentially therapeutic insight into management. Despite the influx of novel therapies, high-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell rescue remains a vital tenet of induction therapy for our younger and more fit patients. The current generation of clinical trials using immunologic approaches such as bifunctional antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cells is extremely promising and will likely become the future standard of care. Although the disease remains, on the whole, incurable, we now possess therapeutic modalities that can provide deep and durable remissions and, potentially, cure for some.
Atlas: local graph exploration in a global context

Graphs are everywhere, growing increasingly complex, and still lack scalable, interactive tools to support sensemaking. To address this problem, we present Atlas, an interactive graph exploration system that adapts scalable edge decomposition to enable a new paradigm for large graph exploration, generating explorable multi-layered representations. Atlas simultaneously reveals peculiar subgraph structures, (e.g., quasi-cliques) and possible vertex roles in connecting such subgraph patterns. Atlas decomposes million-edge graphs in seconds, scaling to graphs with up to 117 million edges. We present the results from a think-aloud user study with three graph experts and highlight discoveries made possible by Atlas when applied to graphs from multiple domains, including suspicious yelp reviews, insider trading, and word embeddings. Atlas runs in-browser and is open-sourced.
Winky Dink and Me: Origins

Through early childhood experiences and then recollections of the many cyberneticians he knew in the 1970s and 1980s, the author traces his personal trajectory toward interaction design and cybernetics. He moves from fascination with technology, through disillusionment about Artificial Intelligence, to seeing that living in cybernetics is a journey of return to uncertainty, risk, and possibility.
Examining race as a predictor and moderator of treatment outcomes for binge-eating disorder: Analysis of aggregated randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether race predicted or moderated response to treatments for binge-eating disorder (BED). METHOD Participants were 592 adults (n = 113 Black; n = 479 White) with DSM-IV-defined BED who participated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) at 1 medical center. Data were aggregated from RCTs for BED testing cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavioral weight loss, multimodal treatment, and/or control conditions. Participants had weight and height measured and were assessed using established interviews and self-report measures at baseline, throughout treatment, and post treatment. RESULTS Race did not significantly moderate treatment outcomes. Mixed models revealed a main effect of race: Black participants had fewer binge-eating episodes and lower depression than White participants across time points. Race also had a main effect in generalized estimating equations with a significantly greater proportion of Black participants achieving binge-eating remission than White participants. Race did not predict percent weight loss, but a significantly lower proportion of Black participants attained 5% weight loss than White participants. Race did not significantly predict global eating-disorder severity. CONCLUSION Despite disparities in treatment-seeking reported in epidemiological and RCT studies, Black individuals appear to have comparable or better treatment outcomes in BED treatment research compared with White individuals, except they were less likely to attain 5% weight loss at post treatment. This suggests that disseminating evidence-based treatments for BED among diverse populations holds promise and treatments may not require further adaptation prior to dissemination. Implementation research is needed to test treatment effectiveness across diverse providers, settings, and patient groups to improve understanding of potential predictors and moderators. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
New onset of diabetes after transplant

New onset of diabetes after transplant (NODAT) is the development of diabetes post-transplant secondary to both insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency, which can be exacerbated by immunosuppr...
La importancia de la ‘prótesis cultural’ en el episodio LXXIIII de la segunda parte de Don Quijote de la Mancha , en el cual el protagonista fallece

This paper ponders over the influence that narration has on lives of human beings. This fact relates to the concept of ‘cultural prosthesis’ by Roger Bartra. And finally, this notion is used, once matched with Derrida’s idea of ‘supplement’, to make an alternative interpretation of the episode LXXIIII of Don Quixote de la Mancha.
Social Work and Social Justice: Concepts, Challenges, and Strategies

According to the preamble of the 2017 NASW Code of Ethics, The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with p...
“It's Hard to See How These Would be Harmful to Kids”: Public Library Staff Perceptions of Child Development and Drag Queen Storytimes

This paper reports preliminary results of a survey of 458 US public library staff members regarding their perceptions of drag queen storytimes (DQS) and the ways in which these storytimes influence child development. The majority of respondents from libraries that have hosted at least one DQS agreed that DQS support healthy child development and positively influence children’s understanding of gender and/or sexuality, while respondents from libraries that have not hosted DQS were more likely to disagree or report being undecided. Specific ways in which respondents perceive DQS to influence child development are also analyzed. Cet article presente les resultats preliminaires d'une enquete menee aupres de 458 membres du personnel de la bibliotheque publique concernant leurs perceptions des heures du conte de drag queen (HCDQ) et la maniere dont ces heures du conte influencent le developpement de l'enfant. La majorite des repondants des bibliotheques qui ont heberge au moins une HCDQ ont convenu que l'activite soutient le developpement sain de l'enfant et influence positivement la comprehension des enfants du genre et/ou de la sexualite, tandis que les repondants des bibliotheques qui n'ont pas heberge de HCDQ etaient plus susceptibles d'etre en desaccord ou de declarer etre indecis. Les manieres specifiques dont les repondants percoivent l'HCDQ comme influencant le developpement de l'enfant sont egalement analysees.
Noncanonical Electromechanical Coupling Mechanism of an HCN Channel

ABSTRACT Pacemaker hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels exhibit a reversed voltage-dependent gating, activating by membrane hyperpolarization instead of depolarization. Sea urchin HCN (spHCN) channels also undergo an inactivation with hyperpolarization which occurs only in the absence of cyclic nucleotide. Here we applied transition metal ion FRET and Rosetta modeling to measure differences in the structural rearrangements between activation and inactivation of spHCN channels. We found that removal of cAMP produced a largely rigid-body rotation of the C-linker relative to transmembrane domain, bringing the A’ helix in close proximity to the voltage-sensing S4 helix. In addition, rotation of the C-linker was elicited by hyperpolarization in the absence but not in the presence of cAMP. These results suggest the A’ helix functions like a mechanical clutch to engage inactivation. cAMP binding disengages the clutch, permitting the hyperpolarization-dependent activation mediated by the S5 helix. Furthermore, rearrangement of A’ helix during recovery from inactivation of spHCN channels was similar to that for the activation of KCNH channels, suggesting a conserved mechanism for this noncanonical electromechanical coupling in the CNBD channel family.
Everything Counts: Making a Difference with Inclusive Words

How would you feel if your workplace uses everyday language which triggers, offends, or otherwise makes you feel unwelcome? Do uncomfortable terminology affect the level of trust within your team and colleagues? And do you wonder why we don't do anything about problematic language in professional workplaces? In light of anti-racism movement of 2020, many corporations and organizations took action to focus inward and look at systemic and institutionalized racism within their entities. The Information Technology Group at Oregon Health & Science University was no exception, as we took action on oppressive, discriminatory, and exclusionary terminologies which we encountered in IT. Our efforts included going beyond changing the language used in documentation: we also educated our colleagues and implored our vendors to update their documents when we found problematic language.
An E3 ligase guide to the galaxy of small-molecule-induced protein degradation

Induced protein degradation accomplishes elimination, rather than inhibition, of pathological proteins. Key to the success of this novel therapeutic modality is the modification of proteins with ubiquitin chains, which is brought about by molecular glues or bivalent compounds that induce proximity between the target protein and an E3 ligase. The human genome encodes ∼600 E3 ligases that differ widely in their structures, catalytic mechanisms, modes of regulation, and physiological roles. While many of these enzymes hold great promise for drug discovery, few have been successfully engaged by small-molecule degraders. Here, we review E3 ligases that are being used for induced protein degradation. Based on these prior successes and our growing understanding of the biology and biochemistry of E3 ligases, we propose new ubiquitylation enzymes that can be harnessed for drug discovery to firmly establish induced protein degradation as a specific and efficient therapeutic approach.
Dose Escalation for Oligometastatic Disease: Is More Better?

Most of the randomized evidence for the optimal radiotherapeutic treatment of metastases was conducted in polymetastatic disease with the goal of symptom management. In particular, for painful bone metastasis, numerous trials have compared various lower dose radiation therapy schedules (eg, 8 Gy × 1, 4 Gy × 5, 3 Gy × 10), with no differences in pain response.1Chow R. Hoskin P. Schild S.E. et al.Single vs multiple fraction palliative radiation therapy for bone metastases: Cumulative meta-analysis.Radiother Oncol. 2019; 141: 56-61Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (29) Google Scholar, 2El Hawwari B. Telfah A. Comparison of 8 Gy single fraction radiotherapy versus 20 Gy in five fractions or 30 Gy in 10 fractions for the treatment of metastatic bone pain.Ann Oncol. 2012; 23: ix462Abstract Full Text PDF Google Scholar, 3Malik M. Jilla S. Sesikeran N. et al.Comparison of three different radiation fractionation schedules in the palliation of painful bone metastasis.J Clin Oncol. 2012; 30: 9055Crossref Google Scholar Although the primary goal was met, many showed pain control durability of only 12 weeks and high rates of local failure in the few trials that tracked this outcome.
Antiacetylcholine drugs: chemistry, stereochemistry, and pharmacology.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the chemistry, stereochemistry, and pharmacology of antiacetylcholine drugs. Acetylcholine and certain other esters and ethers of choline have marked effects on the cardiovascular system with low doses causing reductions in blood pressure and higher doses reductions in heart rate. These effects are abolished by atropine but not influenced by section of the vagus and so are assumed to be peripheral in origin. Larger doses of acetylcholine given to atropinized animals cause increases in blood pressure. The actions of acetylcholine and related agonist drugs at the postganglionic parasympathetic endings are muscarinic, whereas agonist actions at autonomic ganglia and the skeletal neuromuscular junction are nicotinic. Similarly, there are antagonist drugs, which more or less specifically block the actions of acetylcholine at these different sites. Unless accurate and reproducible pharmacological testing procedures are chosen and evaluated thoroughly, attempts to interpret pharmacological results in terms of mechanism of drug action are of little value.
Health Social Movements

Health social movements have strongly affected the health care system, health care policies and regulations, and public awareness of health and illness. These movements are as old as the industrial revolution, when activists and allied professionals focused on urban poverty and occupational health. Starting in the late 1960s, the women's health movement became one of the most profound of all social movements. It challenged medical stereotypes of women, broadened reproductive rights, demanded expanded funding and services, pressed for changes in traditional standards of clinical care, and changed medical research practices. AIDS activists learned from that movement and fought for expanded funding for research and treatment, advocated for the application of complementary and alternative treatment approaches, and won major shifts in the design of clinical trials. Keywords: health; health care; movements
War and gender: How gender shapes the war system and vice versa.

1. A puzzle: the cross-cultural consistency of gender roles in war 2. Women warriors: the historical record of female combatants 3. Bodies: the biology of individual gender 4. Groups: bonding, hierarchy, and social identity 5. Heroes: the making of militarised masculinity 6. Conquests: sex, rape, and exploitation in wartime 7. Reflections: the mutuality of gender and war.
Synthesis of glucose-β-1,3-fucose-α-O-threonine/serine to identify critical epitope in Peters-plus syndrome (792.1)

Complex carbohydrates coat the cell surface and carry biological information for altering cell morphology and function during developmental processes and for the invasion of pathogens. Decoding of ...
Component based fuzzy geometrical configuration classifier

Component based object detection approaches have been shown to significantly improve object detection performance in adverse conditions such as occlusion, variations in pose, in and out of plane rotation and poor illumination. Even the best object detectors are prone to errors when used in a global object detection scheme (one that uses the whole object as a single entity for detection purpose), due to the above mentioned problems. We propose a fuzzy approach to object detection that treats an object as a set of constituent components rather than a single entity. The object detection task is completed in two steps. In the first step, candidates for respective components are selected based on their appearance match and handed over to the geometrical configuration classifier. The geometrical configuration classifier is a fuzzy inference engine that selects one candidate for each component such that each candidate is a reasonable match to the corresponding component in terms of appearance and also a good fit for the overall geometrical model. The detected object consists of candidates that are not necessarily the best in terms of appearance match score or the closest to the geometrical model in terms of placement. The output is a set of candidates that is an optimal combination satisfying both criteria.
A hybrid DC-DC converter for sub-microwatt sub-1V implantable applications

A DC-DC converter for sub-microwatt sub-1V loads is presented for efficient supply regulation of implantable devices powered by thin-film batteries. Using a hybrid, switched-capacitor architecture, it provides 444mV of DC output from a 3.6V DC source. Ultra-low power clock generation, level conversion, and linear regulation, combined with a unique startup circuit, enable a peak efficiency of 56% (4.6X ideal linear regulator) for loads from 5nA to 500nA. Fabricated in 130nm CMOS, it occupies 0.26mm2.
Dynamic pricing as congestion control in ATM networks

Several researchers have advocated dynamic pricing mechanisms like the smart market. This paper explores how dynamic state-dependent pricing and explicit congestion control can both be used to avoid and alleviate congestion. We show that dynamic pricing has significant advantages for heterogeneous traffic, although it reduces the raw throughput somewhat. When the propagation delay is non-trivial, a slow-reacting version of dynamic pricing is preferable. This paper also advocates the use of novel stream-oriented best-effort ATM services, with which a stream's arrival process is declared to the network before transmission begins and then policed, although there are no performance guarantees and best-effort streams are never blocked. With this approach, applications have incentive to decrease traffic burstiness, and to reveal important information about their packet streams, making mechanisms like slow-reacting dynamic pricing more practical.
[Stabilized NADH (ENADA) improves jet lag-induced cognitive performance deficit].

Current remedies for jet lag (phototherapy, melatonin, stimulant, and sedative medications) are limited in efficacy and practicality. The efficacy of a stabilized, sublingual form of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH, ENADAlert, Menuco Corp.) as a countermeasure for jet lag was examined. Because NADH increases cellular production of ATP and facilitates dopamine synthesis, it may counteract the effects of jet lag on cognitive functioning and sleepiness. Thirty-five healthy, employed subjects participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Training and baseline testing were conducted on the West Coast before subjects flew overnight to the East Coast, where they would experience a 3-hour time difference. Upon arrival, individuals were randomly assigned to received either 20 mg of sublingual stabilized NADH (n = 18) or identical placebo tablets (n = 17). All participants completed computer-administered tests (including Cog Screen) to assess changes in cognitive functioning, mood, and sleepiness in the morning and afternoon. Jet lag resulted in increased sleepiness for over half the participants and deterioration of cognitive functioning for approximately one third. The morning following the flight, subjects experienced lapses of attention in addition to disruptions in working memory, divided attention, and visual perceptual speed. Individuals who received NADH performed significantly better on 4 cognitive test measures (P < or = .05) and reported less sleepiness compared with those who received placebo. No adverse effects were observed with NADH treatment. Stabilized NADH significantly reduced jet lag-induced negative cognitive effects and sleepiness, was easily administered, and was found to have no side effects.
Ovarian hormones influence brown adipose tissue.

Abstract Adult female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated and 4–5 weeks later OVX groups were treated with estradiol benzoate (EB), progesterone, both hormones, or the oil vehicle. All rats were sacrificed on the 4th day of hormone following an overnight fast and a terminal meal. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) pads of EB-treated groups were heavier and contained more lipid than those of the other OVX groups. Lipid content of adipose tissue differed according to site (BAT
Small bodies of the Solar System

Discoveries of comets that behave like asteroids and asteroids that behave like comets are making us reassess our view of Earth's smallest neighbours. Discoveries of comets that behave like asteroids and asteroids that behave like comets are making us reassess our view of Earth's smallest neighbours.
Behavior of illite and chlorite during pressure solution of shaly limestone of the Kalkberg formation, Catskill, New York

Textural and chemical changes occurring in illite and chlorite concomitant with pressure solution of limestone were studied in samples from the Kalkberg Formation of Catskill, New York, using XRD and TEM/AEM. Samples on one limb of an anticline are massive shaly limestones, but those on the other have undergone extensive pressure solution and well-developed cleavage is present. Illite and chlorite from the uncleaved shaly limestone are found in small individual packets (100-800 ~ thick) dispersed throughout the carbonate matrix with crystal morphologies characteristic of burial diagenesis. Phyllosilicates from the limb more affected by pressure solution occur in larger units (>1 ,urn thick) as stacks of subparallel packets (150-500 A thick). Such stacks are inferred to represent coalescence of smaller packets. These data imply that the phyllosilicates are largely passive during pressure solution of limestone; however, localized solution-recrystal- lization is required by the coherent to semi-coherent packet boundaries and the crystal morphologies present in the pressure solution sample. The largely passive role is in contrast with the more active role of phyllosilicates in many shales and slates. XRD data for illite show an increase in crystallinity in the pressure solution sample under isothermal conditions. Differences in illite crystallinity are adequately explained in large part by differences in crystal size with some contribution due to strain. The data demonstrate that illite crystallinity cannot be unambiguously used in determining absolute or even relative temperatures.
Demonstration of a Cellular Immune Response in Halothane-Exposed Guinea Pigs

Abstract Halothane hepatitis is considered to be a result of an idiosyncratic autoimmune reaction brought about by the formation of neoantigens that have been generated by covalent binding of halothane biotransformation intermediates. The guinea pig is being examined as an animal model to investigate an immune-mediated mechanism for halothane hepatotoxicity. Male Hartley guinea pigs were exposed to 1% halothane/40% oxygen for 4 hr, three times with 40-day intervals. Kupffer cells and splenocytes were isolated from animals on various days after each halothane exposure. Splenocytes were cocultured in a lymphocyte transformation test with various concentrations of TFA(trifluoroacetylated)-antigens for 7 days and proliferation was measured by 3 H-thymidine incorporation. In a second experiment, Kupffer cells were cocultured with autologous as well as allogeneic splenocytes with or without concanavalin A to determine whole cell sensitization and accessory function by Kupffer cells from treated animals. A 4-fold increase in splenocyte proliferation occurred in response to TFA-guinea pig albumin. No significant increase in proliferation could be detected with TFA-lysine or guinea pig albumin. A 14-fold increase in splenocyte proliferation also occurred in response to Kupffer cells from halothane-exposed animals. Autologous splenocytes demonstrated more of a response from treated versus control animals, indicating possible involvement of major histocompatibility complex II antigens. These results indicate recognition of TFA-antigens and Kupffer cells as antigen-presenting cells in halothane-exposed guinea pigs. This study provides good evidence that a cellular immune response is involved in the guinea pig after halothane exposure.