cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Route Selection Metrics on the Performance of On-Demand Mesh-based Multicast Ad hoc Routing

The main objective of this paper is to study the stability and energy consumption issues of mesh-based multicast routing for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). This has been accomplished as follows: (i) The well-known mesh-based on-demand multicast routing protocol (ODMRP) is modified to choose routes based on two different route selection metrics: (a) hop count, as chosen by the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol and (b) predicted link lifetime, as chosen by the Flow-Oriented Routing Protocol (FORP). The modified ODMRP is referred to as ODMRP_DSR and ODMRP_FORP respectively; (ii) We propose an algorithm called OptMeshTrans to determine the sequence of stable multicast meshes connecting a set of sources to a set of receivers, such that the number of mesh transitions is minimal. Simulation results indicate that the multicast meshes determined using ODMRP_FORP are more stable than those of ODMRP_DSR. There is no appreciable difference between these two ODMRP implementations with respect to hop count per source-receiver path, number of edges and energy consumption per node. The meshes determined using OptMeshTrans are the most stable with relatively fewer edges and incur lower energy consumption per node when compared to the meshes determined using the other two protocols.
Woodland dynamics at the northern range periphery: a challenge for protected area management in a changing world.

Managers of protected natural areas increasingly are confronted with novel ecological conditions and conflicting objectives to preserve the past while fostering resilience for an uncertain future. This dilemma may be pronounced at range peripheries where rates of change are accelerated and ongoing invasions often are perceived as threats to local ecosystems. We provide an example from City of Rocks National Reserve (CIRO) in southern Idaho, positioned at the northern range periphery of pinyon-juniper (P-J) woodland. Reserve managers are concerned about P-J woodland encroachment into adjacent sagebrush steppe, but the rates and biophysical variability of encroachment are not well documented and management options are not well understood. We quantified the rate and extent of woodland change between 1950 and 2009 based on a random sample of aerial photo interpretation plots distributed across biophysical gradients. Our study revealed that woodland cover remained at approximately 20% of the study area over the 59-year period. In the absence of disturbance, P-J woodlands exhibited the highest rate of increase among vegetation types at 0.37% yr−1. Overall, late-successional P-J stands increased in area by over 100% through the process of densification (infilling). However, wildfires during the period resulted in a net decrease of woody evergreen vegetation, particularly among early and mid-successional P-J stands. Elevated wildfire risk associated with expanding novel annual grasslands and drought is likely to continue to be a fundamental driver of change in CIRO woodlands. Because P-J woodlands contribute to regional biodiversity and may contract at trailing edges with global warming, CIRO may become important to P-J woodland conservation in the future. Our study provides a widely applicable toolset for assessing woodland ecotone dynamics that can help managers reconcile the competing demands to maintain historical fidelity and contribute meaningfully to the U.S. protected area network in a future with novel, no-analog ecosystems.
Structural, immunological, and biosynthetic studies of a sialic acid-specific O-acetylesterase from rat liver.

Abstract We have previously described a membrane-associated intralumenal sialic acid-specific 9-O-acetylesterase (LSE) from rat liver (Higa, H. H., Manzi, A., and Varki, A. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 19435-19442). Unlike a cytosolic sialate: O-acetylesterase (CSE) with similar specificity, the LSE carries N-linked oligosaccharides. A polyclonal monospecific antibody against homogenous LSE does not cross-react with the CSE. Monoclonal antibodies distinguish between the LSE and another N-glycosylated esterase that tends to partially co-purify with it. Amino-terminal sequencing of the LSE subunits indicates that it is distinct from previously described esterases and shows no homology to any other known proteins. In contrast, the esterase that partially co-purifies is similar but not identical to previously described "microsomal" esterases from rat liver. The LSE is also expressed in several hepatoma cell lines. Pulse-chase studies indicate that the two LSE subunits arise from a single precursor of approximately 65 kDa which yields a core polypeptide of apparent molecular mass approximately 53 kDa upon deglycosylation with peptide: N-glycosidase F. The protein quickly becomes partly resistant to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H but remains sensitive to peptide: N-glycosidase F, indicating N-linked oligosaccharide processing during passage through the Golgi. After several hours, the precursor undergoes proteolysis, generating the mature heterodimeric protein of approximately 58 kDa, with subunits of approximately 38 and approximately 28 kDa. A portion of newly synthesized LSE is secreted into the medium intact, indicating that the cleavage normally takes place after diversion from the secretory pathway. These temporal changes and precursor-product distribution are reminiscent of some lysosomal acid hydrolases. In fact, immunofluorescence studies and Triton WR-1339 shift experiments suggest a lysosomal localization for this enzyme. Additional evidence for this, and the role of the LSE in O-acetylated sialic acid turnover are discussed in the accompanying paper (Butor, C., Diaz, S., and Varki, A. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 10197-10206).
A quantitative study of metachromasy in synovial fluid and mucin.

Spectrophotometric measurements on synovial fluid and solutions of mucin and hyaluronate in the presence of methylene blue showed that: 1. Dialyzed synovial fluid was not metachromatic. 2. Albumin and gelatin at a concentration of 1 mg. per ml. inhibited the metachromasy of strong chromotropes. 3. Reduction of the protein of synovial fluid by the use of proteolytic enzymes still did not make the synovial fluid chromotropic. 4. Mucin solutions, with a protein content equal to that of protease-treated synovial fluid, were intensely metachromatic. 5. Sulfur-free hyaluronate produced intense metachromasy. The evidence presented indicates that in its native state in synovial fluid hyaluronate is either bound or its anionic groups are not entirely free.
Variance swaps on time-changed Lévy processes

We prove that a multiple of a log contract prices a variance swap, under arbitrary exponential Levy dynamics, stochastically time-changed by an arbitrary continuous clock having arbitrary correlation with the driving Levy process, subject to integrability conditions. We solve for the multiplier, which depends only on the Levy process, not on the clock. In the case of an arbitrary continuous underlying returns process, the multiplier is 2, which recovers the standard no-jump variance swap pricing formula. In the presence of negatively skewed jump risk, however, we prove that the multiplier exceeds 2, which agrees with calibrations of time-changed Levy processes to equity options data. Moreover, we show that discrete sampling increases variance swap values, under an independence condition; so if the commonly quoted multiple 2 undervalues the continuously sampled variance, then it undervalues even more the discretely sampled variance. Our valuations admit enforcement, in some cases, by hedging strategies which perfectly replicate variance swaps by holding log contracts and trading the underlying.
Induction Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: Recent Data

The addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) patients improves survival. Meta-analyses of randomized trials have indicated that the benefit of this approach is associated with the timing of chemotherapy administration. It has been demonstrated that the greatest survival benefit over locoregional treatment alone is seen with the concurrent administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, sequential chemotherapy administration, in the form of induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy, has been successful as a strategy for organ function preservation in patients with potentially resectable SCCHN. In addition, a meta-analysis of trials using platinum and 5-fluorouracil (PF)-containing induction regimens demonstrated a significant survival benefit for this approach over locoregional treatment alone in locally advanced disease. In recent years, the introduction of the taxanesintoinductionchemotherapyhasprovidedphysicians with more active regimens. The triplet combination induction regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil has been shown to be more effective in prolonging survival than the doublet PF. Current trials are testing whether the addition of induction chemotherapy to standard concomitant chemoradiotherapy is superior to concomitant chemoradiotherapy alone. The Oncologist 2010;15(suppl 3):3–7
Potential thermal security risks

Hardware and software techniques for controlling a microprocessor's power and cooling have the undesirable side effect of creating a security risk. They allow a malicious program to control the chip's operating temperature and potentially cause denial of service or even permanent damage. The paper provides an overview of the various vulnerabilities, their costs, and offers preliminary suggestions on how to reduce these risks.
ERC analysis: web-based inference of gene function via evolutionary rate covariation.

Summary: The recent explosion of comparative genomics data presents an unprecedented opportunity to construct gene networks via the evolutionary rate covariation (ERC) signature. ERC is used to identify genes that experienced similar evolutionary histories, and thereby draws functional associations between them. The ERC Analysis website allows researchers to exploit genome-wide datasets to infer novel genes in any biological function and to explore deep evolutionary connections between distinct pathways and complexes. The website provides five analytical methods, graphical output, statistical support and access to an increasing number of taxonomic groups. Availability and implementation: Analyses and data at http://csb.pitt.edu/erc_analysis/ Contact: ude.ttip@kralcn
Small-scale mechanical testing: Applications to bone biomechanics and mechanobiology

Mechanical testing of biologic tissues requires flexible testing machines to accommodate a variety of testing needs. This paper will illustrate how a cost-effective testing platform was developed to accommodate a wide range of biomechanical testing applications including bone bending and torsion testing, soft tissue tensile testing and bone cell stimulation via fluid shear and substrate deformation. The goal is to demonstrate to the reader that unique issues arise when testing biologic tissues such as controlling for environment and maintaining specimen viability, but with proper care relatively reproducible and accurate testing results can be obtained with a simple, multi-purpose platform.
Profiling atmospheric water vapor using a fiber laser lidar system

A compact, lightweight, and efficient fiber laser lidar system has been developed to measure water vapor profiles in the lower atmosphere of Earth or Mars. The line narrowed laser consist of a Tm:germanate fiber pumped by two 792 nm diode arrays. The fiber laser transmits ~0.5 mJ Q- switched pulses at 5 Hz and can be tuned to water vapor lines near 1.94 μm with linewidth of ~20 pm. A lightweight lidar receiver telescope was constructed of carbon epoxy fiber with a 30 cm Fresnel lens and an advanced HgCdTe APD detector. This system has made preliminary atmospheric measurements.
Phylogenetic Relationships of Empetraceae, Epacridaceae, Ericaceae, Monotropaceae, and Pyrolaceae: Evidence from Nuclear Ribosomal 18s Sequence Data

Abstract Recent studies of phylogenetic relationships have indicated that the traditional recognition of Epacridaceae and Empetraceae as distinct from Ericaceae should be reevaluated. These studies used morphological data and nucleotide sequence from the chloroplast encodedrbcL (rubisco, large subunit) gene. They indicated that Ericaceae as presently recognized are paraphyletic and should include Epacridaceae and Empetraceae, as well as Pyrolaceae and Monotropaceae. A study of nuclear ribosomal 18s gene sequences was undertaken to test the hypothesis that Epacridaceae form a monophyletic derived group out of Ericaceae. The problematic taxaPrionotesandLebetanthuswere included because these taxa have been alternatively placed in Ericaceae and Epacridaceae. Representatives of the herbaceous (Pyrolaceae) and mycoparasitic taxa (non-chlorophyllous, Monotropaceae) were also included in the study. Taxa that represented lineages peripherally related to Ericaceae and Epacridaceae were included in order to develop a better understanding of the relationships and limits of Ericales. Parsimony analyses of 18s sequences and a combined analysis of 18s+rbcL sequences were performed. Results of these analyses indicate strong support for the recognition of a monophyletic Ericaceae that includes Empetraceae, Epacridaceae, Pyrolaceae, and Monotropaceae.
Off-state current and performance analysis for double-gate CMOS with non-self-aligned back gate

Numerical simulation-based study of double-gate (DG) field-effect transistors (FETs) leads to the possibly viable concept of extremely scaled but nonself-aligned DG CMOS. Predictions of off-state current, on-state current, and circuit performance, accounting for short-channel effects and energy-quantization effects, in 25-nm DG FETs suggest that moderate back-gate underlap does not severely undermine the superior performance and leakage current of nanoscale DG CMOS relative to those of bulk-Si CMOS. The reverse back-gate biasing scheme for leakage reduction in DG CMOS is shown to be much more efficient than the reverse body biasing scheme in bulk Si even with moderate back-gate underlap.
Relationships between the crystal chemistry and magetic properties of Np 5+ sulfates

Np 5+ sulfate compounds were synthesized using hydrothermal methods and their structures were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Several compounds were found to contain cation-cation interactions between the Np polyhedra. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of two Np 5+ sulfate compounds containing cation-cation interactions exhibit ferromagnetic ordering. The presence of the cation-cation interactions may provide a superexchange pathway through which magnetic interactions can be enhanced.
Effects of Anatomy and Particle Size on Nasal Sprays and Nebulizers

Objective. To study the effects of nasal deformity on aerosol penetration past the nasal valve (NV) for varying particle sizes using sprays or nebulizers.Study Design. Computed mathematical nasal airway model.Setting. Department computer lab.Subjects and Methods. Particle deposition was analyzed using a computational fluid dynamics model of the human nose with leftward septal deviation and compensatory right inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Sprays were simulated for 10 µm, 20 µm, 50 µm, or particle sizes following a Rosin Rammler particle size distribution (10-110 µm), at speeds of 1, 3, or 10 meters per second. Nebulization was simulated for 1, 3.2, 6.42, or 10 µm particles. Steady state inspiratory airflow was simulated at 15.7 liters per minute.Results. Sprays predicted higher NV penetration on the right side for particle sizes >10 µm, with comparable penetration on both sides at 10 µm. Nearly 100% deposited in the nasal passages for all spray characteristics. Nebulizer predictions showed nearly 100% of...
Nonepileptic Seizures in Children

Summary Purpose: To determine if the clinical characteristics of nonepileptic seizures (NES) are different in children younger than 13 years age as compared to adolescents. Methods: Retrospective review of medical records and video-EEGs (VEEG) of all patients with NES confirmed on VEEG monitoring was performed. Results: Sixty-eight (3.5%) of 1,967 patients monitored with VEEG had a clinical diagnosis of NES. Fifty-nine of 68 patients had their habitual event recorded. Mean age at the time of the VEEG diagnosis was 13 years 4 months. Twenty-two patients were less than 13 years (group A) and 37 were 13 years and older (group B). The male to female ratio was equal in group A, with female predominance seen in group B. NES commonly manifested as subtle motor activity in group A (p < 0.01) and prominent motor activity in group B (p < 0.001). Difficulties at school, family discord, and interpersonal conflicts, were frequent stressors in both groups. Sexual abuse was the least frequent. Depression was more common in group B; cognitive dysfunction (p < 0.001) and epilepsy (p < 0.01) were more common in group A. Conclusions: Differences in clinical semiology and predisposing factors may help identify young children and adolescents who might be at risk for the development of NES.
Role of thyrocalcitonin in restricting hypercalcemia in the golden hamster.

The ability of the thyroid gland to restrict hypercalcemia induced by either oral calcium administration or injected parathyroid hormone (PTH) was investigated in young male golden hamsters. Following gavage with 0.11M CaCl2 at doses of 1–8 mg Ca/100 g bw, no significant differences in the degree of hypercalcemia (serum calcium rose from 11 initially to 16 mg Ca/100 ml at IS min) or recovery from hypercalcemia (at 60 min) were detected between intact and thyroparathyroidectomized or thyroidectomized hamsters. However, 4 hr following PTH administration, thyroidectomized hamsters developed a significantly greater degree of hypercalcemia (an increase of 2–3 mg/100 ml) than thyroid—intact animals (an increase of about 0.5 mg/100 ml). Furthermore, the hypercalcemia in both groups was reversed by injection of porcine thyrocalcitonin. These findings indicate that in the hamster, thyrocalcitonin can effectively counteract the calcium mobilizing effect of PTH on bone, but do not support a significant role of this ...
Monodispersity/Narrow Polydispersity Cross-Linked Microparticles Prepared by Step-Growth Thiol–Michael Addition Dispersion Polymerizations

We report a dispersion polymerization method based on thiol–Michael addition reactions for the preparation of cross-linked, narrow dispersity microparticles with well-defined, tunable physicochemical properties. Polymerization between pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate in methanol was chosen as a model system, with the addition of triethylamine as a catalyst and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer. The formation of microparticles took place within seconds at ambient conditions, as a result of a polymerization driven phase transition from dissolved monomers to precipitated polymers. The particle size was found to be affected by the amount of catalyst, the monomer concentration, and the monomer/polymer solubility in the reaction media. Monodispersity was achieved within a range of particle diameters from 1.6 to 4.3 μm, as determined both by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The reaction kinetics were studied by Fourier transform i...
Effects of larval dietary restriction on adult morphology, with implications for flight and life history

Many morphological traits of adult insects show a plastic response to larval environmental conditions. Past studies of Lepidoptera, other than on irruptive species, focused on species with specific ecologies or life histories. These studies must be interpreted in the context of past selection associated with those specializations. Here, we examined the effects on adult morphology of quantitative dietary restriction in the late last instar of Speyeria mormonia Edwards (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiini). This univoltine species lives in open populations in montane meadows. Adults fed ad libitum as larvae on Viola sororia Willd. (Violaceae) were larger than those fed a restricted diet, for wet and dry body mass, dry mass of head, thorax, or abdomen, and forewing length. Females were larger than males for all but head mass. However, both males and individuals fed a restricted diet had a heavier head and thorax as a proportion of total mass, indicating conservation of visual or other sensory functions and flight. Females maintained a higher relative investment of mass in abdomens, indicating conservation of mass allocation to reproduction. Wing loading was greater in females and for individuals fed ad libitum. The sex*treatment interaction was also significant. The difference in wing loading between individuals fed ad libitum and those on a restricted diet were greater for females than for males. The allometric relationship between dry mass and wing area in both sexes was significantly less than isometric. Thus, allometry did not explain the effect of dietary restriction on wing loading. In contrast, wing aspect ratio was invariant. In combination with earlier studies, these results suggest that mass allocation in support of flight occurs generally under larval nutritional stress. Flight supports both reproduction and feeding. Our work thus highlights the need to include resource acquisition in studies of life history and fitness under nutritional stress.
Development of materials informatics tools and infrastructure to enable high throughput materials design

Polymer nanocomposites (PNC) are complex material systems in which the dominant length scales converge. Our approach to understanding nanocomposite tradespace uses Materials Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (MQSPRs) to relate molecular structures to the polar and dispersive components of corresponding surface tensions. If the polar and dispersive components of surface tensions in the nanofiller and polymer could be determined a priori, then the propensity to aggregate and the change in polymer mobility near the particle could be predicted. Derived energetic parameters such as work of adhesion, work of spreading and the equilibrium wetting angle may then used as input to continuum mechanics approaches that have been shown able to predict the thermomechanical response of nanocomposites and that have been validated by experiment. The informatics approach developed in this work thus enables future in silico nanocomposite design by enabling virtual experiments to be performed on proposed nanocomposite compositions prior to fabrication and testing.
Catheter Locking Solution for Therapeutic Apheresis

A double-lumen catheter inserted into the internal jugular vein is commonly used venous access for therapeutic apheresis (TA) procedures, especially in conditions requiring long-term therapy. The main complications of catheters are thrombosis and infection. We are a large blood-center with busy apheresis unit. We evaluated the catheter related complications during TA over a period of 3 months and compared the performance …
Evaluating Regimes: Establishing the Goodness of Constitutional Forms

At the end of Book IV, chapter xi, where Aristotle has been talking about ‘the middle constitution’ (he mese politeia), he makes the following observation: What the best regime is, then, and for what reason, is evident from these things. As for the other regimes … once the best is defined it is not difficult to see which is to be regarded as first, which second, and so on in the same manner according to whether it is better or worse. The one that is closest to this must of necessity always be better, and the one more removed from the middle, worse … (1296 b2ff; cf. also III. ii 1275 a37ff.).
A statistics-guided progressive RAST algorithm for peak template matching in GCxGC

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) is an emerging technology for chemical separation. Chemical identification is one of the critical tasks in GCxGC analysis. Peak template matching is a technique for automatic chemical identification. Peak template matching can be formulated as a point pattern matching problem. This paper proposes a progressive RAST algorithm to solve the problem. Search space pruning techniques based on peak location distributions and transformation distributions are also investigated for guided search. Experiments on seven real data sets indicate that the new techniques are effective.
The Pentecostal Liberation Code

Most Korean American churches are evangelical-Pentecostal and have set up “Spirit-led” churches across various denominations. Their Pentecostal characteristics most vividly appear in their communal worship services, through such practices as audible prayer, the Praise and Worship band, speaking in tongues, prayers for healing, the charismatic leadership and preaching of the pastor, and so on. What is most intriguing is that (1) worship becomes a time and a place where all the other four codes discussed thus far appear in integration with the Pentecostal Liberation code. (2) Korean American Pentecostal spirituality takes on a strong flavor of (spiritual) liberation, given their socially oppressive wilderness situation in America. Three styles of the code are introduced: the Pure Spiritual style, the Prosperity Living style, and the Liberal Subversion style.
Die Komik der Kultur

Komik entzundet sich durch Reibung. Die Begegnung mit Fremdem kann irritieren, uberraschen und nicht zuletzt belustigen. Die Beobachtung und Deutung ungewohnter Erscheinungen und Verhaltensmuster sind seit alters Gegenstand der Reiseliteratur, spater der Ethnologie und Kulturwissenschaften, aber eben auch der Komik.
A study of water electrolysis using ionic polymer-metal composite for solar energy storage

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A Whittle's Index Based Approach for QoE Optimization in Wireless Networks

The design of schedulers to optimize heterogeneous users' Quality of Experience (QoE) remains a challenging and important problem for wireless systems. Our paper ([1]) explores three inter-related aspects of this problem: 1) non-linear relationships between a user's QoE and flow delays; 2) managing load dependent QoE trade-offs among heterogeneous application classes; and 3), striking a good balance between opportunistic scheduling and greedy QoE optimization. To that end we study downlink schedulers which minimize the expected cost modeled by convex functions of flow delays for users with heterogeneous channel rate variations. The essential features of this challenging problem are modeled as a Markov Decision Process to which we apply Whittle's relaxation, which in turn is shown to be indexable. Based on the Whittle's relaxation we develop a new scheduling policy, Opportunistic Delay Based Index Policy (ODIP). We then prove various structural properties for ODIP which result in closed form expressions for Whittle's indices under different scheduler scenarios. Using extensive simulations we show that ODIP scheduler provides a robust means to realize complex QoE trade-offs for a range of system loads.
Fluorescence Investigations on the Elongation Factor Tu System

The application of fluorescence spectroscopy to biophysical investigations of protein systems was pioneered by Gregorio Weber nearly four decades ago. In his early work Weber demonstrated the usefulness of intrinsic fluorescence from flavins to study proteins such as diaphorase (Weber, 1948), the applicability of fluorescence probes such as dansyl chloride which could be covalently linked to proteins (Weber, 1952), the utility of probes such as anilinonaphthalene sulfonates which interact non-covalently with proteins (Weber and Laurence, 1954) and the existence and utility of intrinsic protein fluorescence from tyrosine and tryptophan residues (Weber and Teale, 1957). During the past few decades an enormous increase in the number of protein systems studied and in the sophistication of the spectroscopic techniques utilized has occurred; these studies are philosophical and logical continuations of Weber’s initial investigations. Indeed, a significant fraction of the research in the last few decades involving fluorescence approaches to biophysical chemistry has come from Professor Weber’s laboratory.
Exponentially Stabilizing Controllers for Multi-Contact 3D Bipedal Locomotion

Models of bipedal walking are hybrid with continuous-time phases representing the Lagrangian stance dynamics and discrete-time transitions representing the impact of the swing leg with the walking surface. The design of continuous-time feedback controllers that exponentially stabilize periodic gaits for hybrid models of underactuated 3D bipedal walking is a significant challenge. We recently introduced a method based on an iterative sequence of optimization problems involving bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs) to systematically design stabilizing continuous-time controllers for single domain hybrid models of underactuated bipedal robots with point feet. This paper addresses the exponential stabilization problem for multi-contact walking gaits with nontrivial feet. A family of parameterized continuous-time controllers is proposed for different phases of the walking cycle. The BMI algorithm is extended to the multi-domain hybrid models of anthropomorphic 3D walking locomotion to look for stabilizing controller parameters. The Poincare map is addressed and a new set of sufficient conditions is presented that guarantees the convergence of the BMI algorithm to a stabilizing set of controller parameters at a finite number of iterations. The power of the algorithm is ultimately demonstrated through the design of stabilizing virtual constraint controllers for dynamic walking of a 3D humanoid model with 28 state variables and 275 controller parameters.
Self-Similar Solutions With Electrothermal Processes for Plasmas of Arbitrary Beta

Self-similar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solutions are developed for a cold planar wall next to a hot plasma with an embedded magnetic field parallel to the wall, including the relevant electrothermal terms. Velikovich et al. (Phys. Plasmas, vol. 22, no. 4, 042702, 2015) studied the Nernst electrothermal effect in the induction equation for such a problem under the assumption that the ratio of thermal to magnetic pressure ( $\beta$ ) was large. Other electrothermal processes, such as the Ettingshausen and plasma Thomson effects, vary inversely with $\beta$ , as does Joule heating, and may impact the plasma evolution at low $\beta$ . To study all these processes, we have extended the self-similar formulation to allow for an arbitrary $\beta$ . The self-similar ansatz requires constant total pressure, i.e., thermal plus magnetic. Self-similar solutions are presented with the density and temperature boundary conditions characteristic of the plasma immediately following laser preheat in the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiment, and with the far-field magnetic field equal to that at the wall. Four cases are examined: two with a large $\beta$ and two with a moderate $\beta$ , and for each of these with and without electrothermal terms. Solutions for the density, temperature, and velocity depend on the choice of $\beta$ but are largely insensitive to the electrothermal effects. However, for the same value of $\beta$ , whether large or moderate, the profile of the magnetic field changes significantly when the electrothermal effects are included. In the case of moderate $\beta$ and electrothermal effects, the magnetic field profile has two extrema. This interesting case is further simulated with a 1-D MHD code that allows for total pressure changes through the momentum equation. Comparison with the self-similar solution shows that the simulation results approach the self-similar solution between the wall and an outward propagating rarefaction wave. The solutions are proposed as verification tests for advanced, multiphysics MHD codes.
Abstract TP134: HDAC9 Polymorphisms Alter Blood Gene Expression in Patients With Large Vessel Atherosclerotic Stroke

Background and Purpose: HDAC9 polymorphisms rs2107595 and rs11984041 are associated with large vessel atherosclerotic stroke. HDAC9 regulates gene expression and is expressed in circulating leukocy...
Interplay of Strain Compensation and Relaxation in High-Performance InGaAs Quantum Well Lasers

The effect of GaAsP barriers on diminishing the strain relaxation is studied quantitatively via reciprocal space mapping and micro-photoluminescence for the InGaAs/GaAs MQWs at near-critical thickness. Our study provides insights into how to achieve better strain compensation effect in III-V based QWs lasers.
Pathological calcifications associated with uremia: two types of calcium phosphate deposits.

Crystallographic, spectroscopic and chemical studies demonstrate the presence of two distinct types of calcium phosphates deposits in tissues of patients with chronic renal failure. Deposits found in periarticular calcifications are carbonate-containing apatite, while those found in calcified visceral tissues are either microcrystallites of magnesium whitlockite or an immediate precursor of this compound. X-ray diffraction patterns of these two types show tumoral calcification to give an apatitic pattern and visceral calcification, an amorphous one. It is suggested that the presence of magnesium promotes the formation, of this latter type of calcium deposit by disturbing the crystallization of the apatite and stabilizing the amorphous phase as observed in synthetic systems.
Present status of intrauterine diagnosis of genetic defects

A discussion from the literature of the intrauterine diagnosis of genetic defects by amniocentesis direct and indirect visualization of the fetus biological and cytological analysis of maternal blood and urine and sampling of fetal tissues is presented. The diagnosis of X-linked recessive disorders juvenile GM1 gangliosidosis and other forms Tay-Sachs disease Sandhoffs disease Niemann-Pick disease Krabbes disease Fabrys disease metachromatic leukodystrophy Rufsums disease lactosyl ceramidosis carbohydrate metabolism disorders mucopolysaccharide metabolism disorders amino acid metabolism disorders and other disorders are discussed.
Simple Decompression (In Situ and Endoscopic)

Simple decompression of the ulnar nerve does not have a long history; however, in recent years, it has become the first-line treatment of idiopathic ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Since the original description by Geoffrey Vaughan Osborne in 1957, open in situ decompression now refers to release of all possible areas of constriction of the ulnar nerve about the elbow. The more recent approach of endoscopic decompression has multiple reported techniques and specific instrumentation. In comparing anterior transposition to simple decompression, similar outcomes have been reported with fewer complications, shorter operating room time, and faster return to work seen for simple decompression. In comparing simple and endoscopic decompression, equal outcomes have again been reported with more complications, shorter operating room time, and slower return to work seen for the simple approach. Despite this, while the literature has fueled the changed paradigm from anterior transposition to simple decompression as the first-line treatment, it has not yet done so for endoscopic decompression.
Controlled K-theory for groupoids & applications to Coarse Geometry

Abstract We develop a generalization of quantitative K-theory, which we call controlled K-theory. It is powerful enough to study the K-theory of crossed product of C ⁎ -algebras by action of etale groupoids and discrete quantum groups. In this article, we will use it to study groupoids crossed products. We define controlled assembly maps, which factorize the Baum–Connes assembly maps, and define the controlled Baum–Connes conjecture. We relate the controlled conjecture for groupoids to the classical conjecture, and to the coarse Baum–Connes conjecture. This allows to give applications to Coarse Geometry. In particular, we can prove that the maximal version of the controlled coarse Baum–Connes conjecture is satisfied for a coarse space which admits a fibred coarse embedding, which is a stronger version of a result of M. Finn-Sell.
Can serial PET/CT imaging during and after chemoradiation treatment assist in individualizing therapy for patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck?

e17022 Background: PET/CT imaging with FDG has the potential advantage over conventional imaging of demonstrating metabolic changes in tumors early in the course of chemoradiation which may aid in ...
Global optimization using LLIMAS for the design of vibration isolation systems of high-uncertainty payloads

Modern space system prototyping calls for bold, non-sequential approaches to engineering design. Embracing such an approach poses a new challenge on the design of passive vibration isolation systems: Accommodating large uncertainties in the payloads they support. Isolators are typically tuned and configured to the exact mass properties of the payload and do not perform well outside those assumptions. The number of candidate isolator configurations across which random vibration performance must be assessed also presents a significant challenge. This effort is observed to scale with 10^N, where N is the number of design variables studied. Here, 10^24 practical, unique designs were available. Our work describes the application of robust optimization techniques, global search algorithms, and massively parallelized job execution inside the LLIMAS software environment to overcome such computational challenges and identify isolator configurations that provide acceptable attenuation over a wide range of payload assumptions. Final geometry for the selected point design is presented, and performance comparisons of gradient-based, local, robust, non-robust and genetic algorithms are discussed.
Silicon strip and pixel detectors for particle physics experiments

Abstract Following a brief introduction to the roles that a tracking detector fulfills in a particle physics experiment, the concept of a silicon tracking detector is introduced. The contributors to position resolution of the detector are described along with some technological developments that have occurred in response to them. An overview of the historical evolution of the silicon detector concept follows, with emphasis on what was learned at significant junctures. A light reminder of foundational concepts related to semiconductors and p - n junctions is provided, in order to motivate various choices that have been made in the implementation of sensor geometries; advantages and disadvantages of some key implementations are mentioned. The characteristics of an operating detector are described, as are the typical experimental goals that influence decisions on detector optimization. Due to its pervasive effect on nearly all detector characteristics, the mechanisms and vocabulary of radiation damage are introduced. Features of the classic silicon detector design that have been developed to mitigate that damage are described, and the evolution of the design toward higher radiation tolerance is indicated. The concept of the module is introduced, for strip detectors and pixel detectors. Design considerations for detector cooling, interconnections, power distribution, and support are mentioned. Various approaches to monolithic pixel detectors are described and contrasted with hybrid detectors. A look at the research frontier leads to low gain avalanche detectors and small-cell 3D detectors.
Amor hipster en la ciudad empresarial: la emergencia de la comedia romántica indie en el cine español del siglo XXI

Today, it is the ability to attract human capital or talent that creates regional advantage: Those that have the talent win, those that do not lose.1La ciudad como telon de fondo, punto de encuentr...
“This is a story of who America is”: Cultural memories and black civic identity

In this study the author explores how an African American woman and elementary teacher utilized her family’s history and cultural memories during the Great Migration to reconsider how we (re)member...
Understanding the Adoption and Implementation of Body-Worn Cameras among U.S. Local Police Departments:

The national debate about police use of force against racial minority residents has led to increased attention to body-worn cameras (BWCs) as tools for increasing police accountability. Although re...
Efficient Electro-optic Modulation on Thin Film Lithium Niobate

We demonstrate an electro-optic modulator on thin-film lithium niobate using a novel dual-capacitor scheme. The voltage-length product reaches 0.64 volt × cm, thus substantially reducing the driving electric power.
A community-specific framework of risk factors for youth violence: A qualitative comparison of community stakeholder perspectives in a low-income, urban community

This study offers a qualitative comparison of risk factors for youth violence from the perspectives of community stakeholders in a low-income, urban community experiencing elevated rates of violence. One-on-one interviews were conducted with 36 community stakeholders across three key categories: 10 community residents who cared for youth living in the community, 15 program or service providers, and 11 leaders in community agencies and organizations. A grounded theory approach was used for data collection and analysis to extract themes that emerged from the question, "What are the things in the community that lead to youth violence?" While there was significant overlap in stakeholders' beliefs about precursors to youth violence, important differences also emerged. In order for youth violence prevention strategies to be successful, they must consider and address risk factors identified by community stakeholders involved in the implementation and sustainability.
Sampling Subjective Polygons for Patch-Based Deep Learning Land-Use Classification in Satellite Images

Model generalization remains a key challenge in the analysis of large amounts of heterogeneous satellite image data. One major limiting factor in developing generalizable models, in the context of supervised learning, is the lack of high quality training datasets. A model's capacity to perform well on new data is often inhibited by imbalance and bias in the data that was used for training. This is especially a problem when using convolutional neural networks to classify urban land-use in satellite images. Notable dataset imbalance issues in this application include land-use type imbalance and image scene imbalance. To begin understanding these dataset imbalance problems in more detail, we develop and test a number of sampling methods for generating training image datasets from subjective training polygons for urban land-use classification. We investigate sampling at different point densities as a means to reduce content repetition and therefore content imbalance and bias in the training image dataset.
Studies of the conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes of simian immunodeficiency virus envelope protein.

Abstract It has been shown previously that the major neutralizing epitopes in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are discontinuous and conformation dependent and that the V3 loop, in contrast to that of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, does not by itself elicit neutralizing antibodies (K. Javaherian et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:1418-1422, 1992). We now present data showing that on the basis of fractionation of infected macaque sera, protease digestion of the envelope, and binding properties of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to SIV and SIV-HIV chimeric envelope proteins, changes in V3 can disrupt the conformation-dependent neutralization region. The chimeric protein did not produce significant neutralizing antibodies against either SIV or HIV. We also report that neutralizing antibodies elicited by recombinant SIV envelope proteins of mac251 and B670 isolates cross-neutralize. Finally, we show that deglycosylation of the SIV envelope results in a molecule which binds neither soluble CD4 nor the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies being investigated here and does not elicit sera with a significant neutralizing titer.
Acceleration of coherent transfer of energy by stimulated emission and absorption

Summary form only given. We have measured the modification of the gain in the vicinity of a cw beam injected into the Fabry-Perot peak of an electrically excited vertical cavity surface emittting laser (VCSEL) by recording the changes in the lasing spectral profile just above threshold.
Biochemistry of the dog hookworm. II. Nature and origin of the excreted fatty acids.

Abstract The fermentation of d -glucose-14C by adult Ancylostoma caninum leads to the production of radioactive acetate, propionate, and carbon dioxide. The propionate appears to be a major end product of glucose metabolism. A large proportion of the glucose is metabolized to one or more nonvolatile compounds. The branched chain acids, isobutyric and isovaleric, are also excreted by A. caninum. Isovaleric acid was identified by infrared spectroscopy. The branched chain acids are excreted in a fixed proportion to the total volatile acids produced. The branched chain acids are not derived from glucose but can be readily produced from amino acids. l -Valine is the precursor of isobutyric acid, and l -leucine is the precursor of isovaleric acid. The labeling of propionate and carbon dioxide, but not acetate, when l -valine-14C and l -leucine-14C were metabolized indicates that propionate formation may occur via a carbon dioxide fixation pathway. A “Pasteur effect” was observed in fermentation experiments with A. caninum.
Undifferentiated Small Round Cell Sarcomas with Rare EWS Gene Fusions: Identification of a Novel EWS-SP3 Fusion and of Additional Cases with the EWS-ETV1 and EWS-FEV Fusions

Ewing family tumors (EFTs) are prototypical primitive small round blue cell sarcomas arising in bone or extraskeletal soft tissues in children or adolescents. EFTs show fusions of EWS with a gene of the ETS family of transcription factors, either EWS-FLI1 (90 to 95%) or EWS-ERG (5 to 10%). Rare cases with fusions of EWS to other ETS family genes, such as ETV1, E1AF, and FEV, have been identified, but their clinicopathological similarity to classic EFTs remains unclear. We report four new cases of EFT-like tumors with rare EWS fusions, including two with EWS-ETV1, one with EWS-FEV, and a fourth case in which we cloned a novel EWS-SP3 fusion, the first known cancer gene fusion involving a gene of the Sp zinc finger family. Analysis of these three new cases along with data on nine previously reported cases with fusions of EWS to ETV1, E1AF, or FEV suggest a strong predilection for extraskeletal primary sites. EFT-like cases with fusions of EWS to non-ETS translocation partners are also uncommon but involve the same amino-terminal portion of EWS, which in our novel EWS-SP3 fusion is joined to the SP3 zinc-finger DNA-binding domain. As these data further support, these types of EWS fusions are associated with primitive extraskeletal small round cell sarcomas of uncertain lineage arising mainly in the pediatric population.
Contrastes: Grammaire du français courant by ROCHAT, DENISE. Workbook for Contrastes: Grammaire du français courant by ROCHAT, DENISE, & CATHERINE BLOOM

The article reviews the books "Contrastes: Grammaire du francais courant," 2nd ed., by Denise Rochat and "Workbook for Contrastes: Grammaire du francais courant," 2nd, ed., by Denise Rochat and Catherine Bloom.
An Application of Action Theory to the Space Shuttle

We present a domain description for verifying plans concerning the Reaction Control System (RCS) of the Space Shuttle. Our approach utilizes recent research in action description languages. We describe the syntax and semantic of the action language, L0, as well as a general translation from domain descriptions of L0 to logic programming. Details of the RCS domain and specifics of the translation are given. The translation is shown to be sound and complete for queries under Prolog and XSB. Computational examples are given which show the feasibility of this approach.