cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Statistical broadcast protocol design with WiBDAT: Wireless Broadcast design and analysis tool

Multi-hop broadcast routing is a critical component in ad-hoc wireless networks. Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) applications for example use broadcast communications extensively. Efficient broadcast protocols are required to enable these applications. Multi-hop broadcast algorithms can roughly be classified as either topological or statistical. Statistical protocols are well-suited to applications such as VANET, because they are tolerant of rapid changes in network topology and can be designed to accommodate transmission failures due to fading and collisions. However, unlike topological protocols, statistical methods are highly stochastic in nature so it is not possible to analytically prove these algorithms will connect all nodes in the network. Instead, designers attempt to measure and minimize the probability nodes will not receive a broadcast message. Thus simulation plays an important role in the design and validation of these protocols. The key design factor in statistical protocols is the rebroadcast decision threshold curve. There are no analytical tools for creating these threshold curves, so like many stochastic systems, simulation models are required to develop them. Empirically discovering good threshold curves using simulation models requires many simulation iterations, and thus can be extremely time consuming if these iterations are slow. As a solution, this work introduces the Wireless Broadcast Design and Analysis Tool (WiBDAT), a fast and scalable high-level network simulator built from the ground up specifically for wireless broadcast. WiBDAT provides tools for quickly designing efficient statistical broadcasting protocols and evaluating their performance at a high level. WiBDAT is easy to use and extend, implements a wide variety of broadcast protocols, and provides clear results including innovative visualizations of node and transmit densities.
An Analysis Of The Focusing Performance Of Magellan Sar Image Data

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) focusing can be achieved either based on accurate ephemeris data or on an autofocusing process. For the Magellan project, such a decision must be made in the early phase of Magellan SAR system design. The analysis of the emphemeris requirement is complicated. The analysis given by the author leads to the conclusion that empheris data obtained from the Magellan navigation system provide sufficient accuracy to meet the Magellan image resolution requirement.
Oxytocin Pathways and the Evolution of Human Behavior

This review examines the hypothesis that oxytocin pathways—which include the neuropeptide oxytocin, the related peptide vasopressin, and their receptors—are at the center of physiological and genetic systems that permitted the evolution of the human nervous system and allowed the expression of contemporary human sociality. Unique actions of oxytocin, including the facilitation of birth, lactation, maternal behavior, genetic regulation of the growth of the neocortex, and the maintenance of the blood supply to the cortex, may have been necessary for encephalization. Peptide-facilitated attachment also allows the extended periods of nurture necessary for the emergence of human intellectual development. In general, oxytocin acts to allow the high levels of social sensitivity and attunement necessary for human sociality and for rearing a human child. Under optimal conditions oxytocin may create an emotional sense of safety. Oxytocin dynamically moderates the autonomic nervous system, and effects of oxytocin on...
Abnormal Liver Function Tests in the Third Trimester: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Question: A 35-year-old gravida 4, para 1 at 32 weeks with recent cocaine ingestion presented with nausea and vomiting. Initial vital signs were normal with blood pressure 110/65 mmHg and heart rate 75 beats per minute. Physical examination revealed a gravid abdomen with tenderness in the right upper quadrant but no rebound or guarding. She had no evidence of encephalopathy. Laboratory studies revealed elevated liver function tests (LFTs) with a peak alanine aminotransferase level of 507 IU/L, renal failure with a creatinine level of 3.9 mg/dL, leukocytosis, and hypoalbuminemia to 2.3 g/dL. She had a normal anion gap without evidence of acidosis. Her platelet count and prothrombin time were also normal. Urinalysis showed no evidence of proteinuria. The patient had no prior history of liver disease. Her hepatitis A, B, and C serologies as well as an HIV test were negative. She had normal complement levels and negative antinuclear and antismooth muscle antibodies. An abdominal ultrasound showed nonspecific echogenic portal triads and an echocardiogram was normal. Her alanine aminotransferase and creatinine levels both improved over a 24-hour period to 330 IU/L and 2.6 mg/dL, respectively. A liver biopsy was performed. A frozen section with special staining is seen in Figure A. Hematoxylin and eosin tissue stains are also shown in low (Figure B) and high (Figure C) power. What is the diagnosis? Look on page 1136 for the answer and see the Gastroenterology web site (www.gastrojournal.org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI.
Constraints for role-based access control

Copyright 1996 Association for Computing Machinery. Permission to make digital/hard copy of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage; the copyright notice, the title of the publication. and its date appear; and notice is given that copying is by permission of ACM, Inc. To copy otherwise, lo republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.
The role of TNFalpha and lymphotoxin in demyelinating disease

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of central nervous system (CNS) white matter.1 The aetiology is unknown but the condition is probably the result of a misdirected immune response against myelin antigens. Pathologically there are multiple plaques or areas of white matter inflammation, demyelination, and glial scarring or sclerosis. In addition to myelin damage, axon loss may occur as there is a close relation between myelin and axon.2 The inflammatory lesions are disseminated in time and space, and clinically the illness is characterised by relapsing episodes of neurological dysfunction. In a commonly proposed sequence of events, autoreactive myelin specific CD4+ Th1 are activated in the periphery, probably by non-self antigens with a resemblance to myelin proteins.3 T cells interact with adhesion molecules, such as selectins and integrins, on the capillary endothelium and then migrate into the brain parenchyma in response to chemotactic signals. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are important in facilitating T cell penetration through the endothelial basement membrane. Microglia and astrocytes reactivate T cells locally in the CNS by presentation of myelin proteins bound to class II MHC molecules. T cells stimulate macrophage activity by release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL2, IFNγ, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and lymphotoxin (LT). Activated macrophages phagocytose myelin, and damage myelin by release of proteases, nitric oxide metabolites, reactive oxygen species, eicosanoids, complement components and TNFα. Autoantibodies directed against myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are involved in myelin damage.4 5 Experimental allergic (or autoimmune) encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be induced in a variety of animal species, including non-human primates, by immunisation with spinal cord homogenates, myelin proteins or their peptide derivatives. A number of different myelin proteins can induce EAE, including proteolipid protein (PLP), MBP, MOG, myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG), and 2'3' cyclic nucleotide …
Stories of Food: Recipes of Modernity, Recipes of Tradition in Weimar Germany

L'A., etudiant les differents livres de cuisine publies en Allemagne entre la Premiere et la Deuxieme Guerre Mondiale, souligne la preoccupation de modernite presente dans tous ces ouvrages, et centre son analyse sur l'angoisse suscitee par l'extension de la modernite aux femmes. Comment ces livres de cuisine representent-ils la modernite, en relation avec le travail, les loisirs, la consommation, le plaisir? De quelles manieres se proposent-ils de construire les femmes? Les cuisinieres sont-elles considerees comme des femmes modernes?
The role of sediment type in growth and fecundity of mud snails (Hydrobiidae)

We test the hypothesis that body size and population density of the deposit-feeding gastropod, Hydrobia truncata, are greater in muddy than in sandy habitats as a result of faster growth on fine- compared to coarse-grained sediments. We refute this hypothesis using a combination of field measurements and laboratory experiments. Three out of three populations tested had higher maximal growth rates and two of three populations approached their asymptotic size more quickly on sand than on silt-clay fractions of natural sediment. Growth decreased with increasing snail density and was as high or higher on sand as on silt-clay at all densities. Two populations were more fecund on sand than on silt-clay, and fecundity of the third population was not affected by sediment type. We show that the smaller body sizes observed in snails from the sandiest habitat result from late recruitment of these snails, relative to the other populations.
Partnerships in oncology and radiology: the role of radiology in the detection, staging, and follow-up of lung cancer.

In this review, I examine the multifaceted role of radiology in the diagnosis, staging, and management of lung cancer, highlighting new applications and modalities such as computer-aided detection of lung nodules and
A monolithic junction FET-n-p-n operational amplifier

A monolithic operational amplifier with junction FET inputs in combination with n-p-n bipolar transistors is described. Both dc and small signal analysis of the amplifier are carried out. Electrically the devices are comparable with discrete state-of-the- art p-channel FET's. The circuits are fabricated with a process requiring a single diffusion more than standard techniques. The process is reproducible enough to allow economical fabrication. The amplifier realizes input currents of less than 1 nA, a minimum slewing rate at unity gain of 75 V//spl mu/s and bandwidths in excess of that of any monolithic operational amplifier reported to date.
Effect of low temperature hydrothermal liquefaction on catalytic hydrodenitrogenation of algae biocrude and model macromolecules

Abstract Staged, low and high-temperature subcritical liquefaction were used to pretreat algae and generate a biocrude primarily characterized by free fatty acids and unsaturated hydrocarbons with reduced nitrogen heteroatom levels. Subsequently, catalytic hydrodenitrogenation and deoxygenation (HDN/HDO) was conducted using ruthenium (5% Ru/carbon) and cobalt molybdenum catalysts. Ru on carbon was the most effective HDO catalyst and generated the lowest level of nitrogen and heteroatoms in the resulting oil. A CoMo-S catalyst generated higher nitrogen and heteroatom levels, and resulted in a higher TAN value and lower heating value, probably due to the low sulfur levels in the biocrude. The highest quality oil was generated from a raceway strain using Ru/C and HTL pretreatment (225 °C, 15 min) with a repeated batch HDN/HDO step (3.24% N, 8.2% O, TAN of 12, 1.25% water, HHV 40 MJ/kg) and had a boiling point range of ~ 20% kerosene, ~ 30% distillate fuel oil, and ~ 50% gas oil. A 57% reduction in nitrogen content of the oil was realized when repeated HDN/HDO was coupled with HTL pretreatment using Ru/C (4.3 wt.%N), relative to 7.5%N for single stage HTL/HDO. Final yields for the highest quality oil generated via the coupled HTL/HDO process ranged from 15 to 22%. Recovery and reuse of the catalyst (Ru/C) resulted in a significant decline in activity potentially caused by coking and metals deposition.
Thomas F. Meagher, Patrick R. Guiney, and the Meaning of the Civil War for Irish America: The Questions of Nationalism, Citizenship, and Human Rights

In this essay, I examine how two Irish American leaders considered, and helped to shape, several threads within the transformation of American nationalism that took place during the Civil War era. Both men went further than simply urging devotion to the Union; they interpreted military service to that cause as a way for Irish Americans to claim fuller inclusion in the American people. As I show, Meagher and Guiney point to a more nuanced possibility than is offered by most historians who debate whether Irish American service to the Union helped accelerate assimilation of their ethnic community into American society: fuller integration alongside maintenance of an ethnic and religious identity. As a part of this impulse, Meagher and Guiney envisioned a more robust and better defined concept of American national citizenship in law and practice, one that incorporated greater protection for naturalized citizens abroad and a stronger emphasis on human rights overall. Moreover, in the context of war, both men underwent a political transformation to espouse the ideals of the Republican Party regardless of the criticism aimed at them by some of their fellow Irish Americans for doing so. While Meagher died early in Reconstruction, Guiney revealed the depth to which he embraced Republican egalitarianism by serving as a vocal proponent of its principles during his postwar political career in Boston. Meagher and Guiney not only contributed to the Union by serving in its army but also by helping to interpret the ideological meaning of its victory.
INTER-RELATIONS BETWEEN JET BEHAVIOR AND HYDRAULIC PROCESSES OBSERVED AT DELTAIC RIVER MOUTHS AND TIDAL INLETS

Price (1951) has stated: "(in) geological oceanography as practiced today there is constant emphasis on quantitative measurement and quantitative theoretical development." As a demonstration of this geophysical approach to geological problems the authors have studied the theory of processes involved when sediment-laden water flows into a currentless, tideless, wave-free basin. The theoretical concepts developed have then been tested against the actual occurrences in nature. The result is that it is possible to propose a comprehensive theory of delta formation which may explain many of the features observed near mouths of rivers. According to this theory, there are three distinct and basic types of river inflow into a still basin, as shown in Figure 1:
Analysis of α-glucosidase enzyme activity used in a rapid test for steam sterilization assurance.

Aims This study was to determine the sources, location and identity of α-glucosidases in dormant/germinating/outgrowing spores and growing cells of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 7953, an enzymatic activity in spores used in rapid tests of steam sterilization. Methods and Results α-Glucosidase activity in spores and cells was determined measuring methylumbelliferyl-α-d-glucoside (α-MUG) or α-MUG-6-phosphate hydrolysis fluorometrically. While α-MUG-6-phosphate was not hydrolysed by cell or spore extracts, assays with α-MUG showed that: (1) the α-glucosidase activity was inside and outside spores, and the activity outside spores was largely removed by buffer washes or heat activation, whereas α-glucosidase activity was only inside vegetative cells; (2) most α-glucosidase activity in cells and spores was soluble; (3) Western blots and enzyme inhibition using an anti-α-glucosidase antiserum identified ≥2 α-glucosidases in spores and growing cells; (4) α-glucosidase-specific activities were similar in dormant, germinated and outgrowing spore and growing cell extracts; and (5) significant α-glucosidase was synthesized during spore germination and outgrowth and cell growth, this synthesis was not repressed by glucose nor induced by α-MUG, but glucose inhibited α-MUG uptake. Conclusions α-MUG hydrolysis by G. stearothermophilus is by α-MUG uptake and hydrolysis by ≥2 α-glucosidases associated with dormant spores and synthesized by germinating and outgrowing spores. The enzyme activity observed by sterilization assurance assays appears likely to come from heat-stable enzyme in the spore core and enzyme(s) synthesized in spore outgrowth. Significance and Impact of the Study The results of this work provide new insight into the science behind a rapid test for steam sterilization assurance.
Political Costs and Earnings Management of Oil Companies in the 1990 Persian Gulf Crisis

This study investigates whether firms that expect increases in earnings resulting from sudden product price increases use accounting accruals to reduce earnings and, thus, political sensitivity. Specifically, oil firms' accruals are analyzed in a period of rapid gasoline price increases during the 1990 Persian Gulf crisis. Our results show that oil firms expected to profit from the crisis used accruals to reduce their reported quarterly earnings during the Gulf crisis. In contrast to previous research, we find that the tendency to release good earnings news early, documented in prior research, is reversed for oil firms during the Gulf crisis. This finding suggests that the benefit of disclosing "good news" (i.e., earnings increases) early may have been outweighed by the political costs associated with timely releases of the information.
We Count Too! Ending the Disenfranchisement of Limited English Proficiency Voters

The Voting Rights Act fails to protect the voting rights of nearly five million American citizens by only providing voting assistance to four language groups, despite the over three hundred different languages spoken in the United States. By not assisting all limited English proficient (LEP) American citizens, the Voting Rights Act disenfranchises whole communities from the voting process. All American citizens should have the opportunity to vote, and Congress should ensure that all citizens can vote effectively. This Note proposes an amendment to section 208 of the Voting Rights Act that would allow LEP American citizens to bring an assistant of their choice into the voting booth on Election Day. It then explores the shortcomings of the Voting Rights Act and the problems states have encountered when trying to respond to those problems. The proposed amendment would rejuvenate the right to vote in limited English-speaking communities, while halting discriminatory voting practices that target limited English speaking voters. While others have proposed remedies to address LEP voter disenfranchisement, this Article is the first legislative solution that would increase voter participation nationwide, increase minority representation, facilitate greater minority assimilation into American society, and decrease election costs.
Observations on the Lukan Travel Narrative and Some Related Passages

In recent years scholars who have studied the problem have reached what may fairly be called a consensus that the Lukan Travel Narrative is primarily a theological-Christological rather than a geographical entity.
Can We Assure Quality Without Stifling Innovation

The emergence of regenerative medicine raises new questions about the best ways to ensure the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapies for patients. The Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT) believes minimum requirements for cellular therapy for regenerative medicine will promote patient safety, protect the research environment, and aid in the swift advancement of regenerative therapies from bench to bedside. The standards development process has demonstrated that consensus on minimum requirements advances the field. FACT’s accreditation process and newly established “Common Standards for Cellular Therapies” can help meet unmet needs in regenerative medicine that will drive commercialization of new cell therapies.
Inverse Distance Variations for the Flow of Crime in Urban Areas

This paper reports the results of fitting migration rules based on gravity models and the theory of intervening opportunities to the "flow" of crimes among urban locations. Crime, like other phenomena of demographic flow, is shown to be subject to the general class of inverse distance variations formulated as gravity laws. While the theory of intervening opportunities fares poorly in comparison to models incorporating a measure of distance, the best fit achieved empirically is based on a composite gravity rule that includes a term roughly equivalent to Stouffer's concept of opportunities. A separate analysis of the flow of property crimes failed to improve the fit of models otherwise successful in predicting the flow of all crimes. This paper reports preliminary results of work recently undertaken to model the flow of crime in urban areas. Our interest is in the migration of offenders from their places of residence to the locations where they commit their crimes. 1 The "flow of crime," as we define it here, refers to the several streams of criminal migration among urban locations. The surprising absence of past research on this phenomenon, no doubt partly due until recently to the unavailability of suitably comprehensive data, has meant that many questions raised by the mobility of crime for students of urban ecology have gone unanswered. Though many of these questions derive from obvious practical and theoretical interests, our focus here might best be described as demographic. Our purpose is not to inquire into the social psychology of criminal migration, nor into the specific social and economic matters that influence particular decisions to commit crimes at given locations within urban areas, but instead to ask whether the gross demographic phenomenon itself-the sheer flow of crime within the city-conforms to known rules describing other forms of demographic gravitation. The most successful models employed in social research to study demographic flows are based on the physical laws of gravity. By analogy to the rules of Newtonian mechanics, gravity models postulate a gross force of attraction operating along a straight line between two points. The magnitude of this attraction, as seen in the exchange of population, is directly proportional to the product of their respective *The author wishes to acknowledge the generous advice and collegiality of Poduri S. R. S. Rao, and the helpful comments of Lois Horwitz, Klaus Roghmann, R. Danforth Ross, Barbara Sobieszek, and Paul Westcott. This research was supported under Grant 74 NI-02-0002, from the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, United States Department of Justice. Statements or conclusions contained in this paper do not necessarily indicate the concurrence of the Institute.
Learning the structure of causal models with relational and temporal dependence

Many real-world domains are inherently relational and temporal—they consist of heterogeneous entities that interact with each other over time. Effective reasoning about causality in such domains requires representations that explicitly model relational and temporal dependence. In this work, we provide a formalization of temporal relational models. We define temporal extensions to abstract ground graphs—a lifted representation that abstracts paths of dependence over all possible ground graphs. Temporal abstract ground graphs enable a sound and complete method for answering d-separation queries on temporal relational models. These methods provide the foundation for a constraint-based algorithm, TRCD, that learns causal models from temporal relational data. We provide experimental evidence that demonstrates the need to explicitly represent time when inferring causal dependence. We also demonstrate the expressive gain of TRCD compared to earlier algorithms that do not explicitly represent time.
Food Additives and Pesticides in Foods

This paper identifies the major food safety concerns and separates fact from fiction in weighing any scientific evidence bearing on these concerns. Relevent information on federal laws and regulations governing food safety certification are interwoven.
Semantic structural alignment of neural representational spaces enables translation between english and chinese words

Two sets of items can share the same underlying conceptual structure, while appearing unrelated at a surface level. Humans excel at recognizing and using alignments between such underlying structures in many domains of cognition, most notably in analogical reasoning. Here we show that structural alignment reveals how different people's neural representations of word meaning are preserved across different languages, such that patterns of brain activation can be used to translate words from one language to another. Groups of Chinese and English speakers underwent fMRI scanning while reading words in their respective native languages. Simply by aligning structures representing the two groups' neural semantic spaces, we successfully infer all seven Chinese-English word translations. Beyond language translation, conceptual structural alignment underlies many aspects of high-level cognition, and this work opens the door to deriving many such alignments directly from neural representational content.
Nonsupport Versus Varying Levels of Person-Centered Emotional Support: a Study of Women with Breast Cancer

Social support studies often focus on psychological outcomes for the support recipient and also presume potential support providers who will attempt to provide support in the first place. Therefore, the negative relational outcomes associated with not receiving emotional support when support is expected (nonsupport) are an understudied topic. Instances of nonsupport were compared to various emotional support messages on relational and psychological outcomes to understand how nonsupport compares against support messages of varying quality. Two hundred twenty-four women with breast cancer were asked to think of a person expected to provide emotional support if they disclosed their diagnosis on social media. Participants were given either a hypothetical support message from this person or told the person provided no message even though a message was expected. Dunnett’s t tests were used to analyze the nonsupport condition against low, moderate, and highly person-centered support messages. Providing no emotional support message (nonsupport) creates low levels of emotional improvement and high levels of negative relational ramifications similar to low person-centered messages. Moreover, only participants receiving the low person-centered message agreed on average they would rather have received no message at all instead. Because low person-centered messages and saying nothing whatsoever both create negative relational ramifications, support providers should strive to communicate emotional support messages with at least a moderate amount of person-centeredness. These findings further suggest those who are expected to provide emotional support cannot dodge this obligation since nonsupport is shown to have negative relational outcomes to low person-centered support messages.
Surgical management of acute claw hand in a competitive baseball player

We describe an unusual case of acute ulnar neuropathy with a flexible claw hand deformity in a baseball pitcher. Treatment involved ulnar nerve decompression at the elbow with subsequent recurrence of symptoms upon return to pitching. Definitive treatment included a wide secondary release of tethered locations resulting in return of function. At final follow-up the patient has returned to unrestricted baseball throwing activities.
Social-Emotional Development of Toddlers: Randomized Controlled Trial of an Office-Based Intervention

Abstract Purpose During the toddler years, temper tantrums and impulsive behaviors are the norm. These behaviors can frustrate even the most experienced mothers. Design and Methods A prospective, double blind, randomized controlled trial using pre-test/post-test experimental design was used to examine the effectiveness of an office-based educational program to improve maternal confidence and the social-emotional development of toddlers. The Toddler Care Questionnaire (TCQ) was administered to all mothers as a pre and post intervention test. The treatment intervention was a videotaped (DVD) parenting skills intervention on the social-emotional development of toddlers and on maternal confidence in caring for toddlers. Results Sixty mothers and 60 toddlers entered the study with 29 mothertoddler dyads randomized to the treatment group and 31 to the control group. Twenty-six (26) mother-toddler dyads in the treatment and 25 mother-toddler dyads in the control group completed the study. Pairwise comparisons of adjusted means showed significant improvements for both toddler groups on the Brigance toddler screen, and no statistically significant difference in gains between the groups. The mixed model results for the TCQ showed an overall significant improvement from preto post-test, and a non-significant interaction between group and time indicting no significant difference in gains seen by treatment groups. Conclusions Brief educational programs on DVD's are an efficient way to offer information to mothers while in the office waiting area. Practice Implications: Pediatric nurses who encounter mothers who struggle with caring for their toddlers may find brief-office based interventions a valuable tool for educating parents.
COMMENTARY ON FOXALL, "INTENTIONAL BEHAVIORISM"

Foxall's incorrect claims about behavior analysis (2007) arise from a failure to understand the stance of behavior analysis. Behavior analysis is the science of behavior; it is about behavior and not about organisms. It views behavioral events as natural events to be explained by other natural events. This view extends to verbal behavior. First-person statements and third-person statements, intentional or otherwise, are instances of behavior to be explained. Behavior analysis explains them by relating them to the history of context and consequences that might have led to their occurrence. Believing in Satan is an extended activity, of which statements about Satan constitute less extended parts; it is an error to suggest that the belief could stand as the efficient cause of its parts. That behavior repeats from time to time is no more mysterious than that other natural events repeat. Even if we do not know the physiological mechanism, filling in the temporal gaps with phony storage and representation is no help. Likewise, control by complex contexts is in no way illuminated by imagining phony processes within the organism.
Modeling Linear Systems by Frequency Response Methods

In his classic book Cybernetics [1], Norbert Wiener viewed the human being from an information processing and control system point of view. Such a viewpoint has led to the development of communications and control system oriented mathematical models for human reactions and for physiological components of the human body. Much of this work has involved frequency response techniques, and this module will be concerned with the use of such techniques in mathematical modeling.
DOES TRICUSPID ANNULAR PLANE SYSTOLIC EXCURSION (TAPSE) ADEQUATELY DESCRIBE RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME

Background: The role of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in evaluating right ventricular (RV) function in hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) has not been fully explored. We sought to evaluate the relation between TAPSE and RV fractional area change (FAC) and cardiac index (CI)
Quantum entanglement probability amplitudes in multiple propagation channels: An interferometric approach

Abstract The well-known probability amplitude equation for two entangled quanta (n = 2) traveling in two different directions (N = 2) is explicitly extended to higher multiples of quanta (n = 4, 6, 8...)and higher even multiples of propagation channels (N = 4, 6, 8...). The case of N = 3, involves Hamilton’s quaternions, and is also outlined.
‘An Early Morning’ and ‘Moonlit Night’ by Thach Lam Translated from the Vietnamese by Quan Manh Ha

Thach Lam (1909-1942) was a member of the Self-Strength Literary Group (1932-1945), which promoted the New Poetry movement, individualism in literature, French-influenced romanticism, and modernism. The Self-Strength Literary Group condemned feudalism and Confucian values that suffocated personal pursuit of happiness. Thach Lam is most known for his clear narrative style and the subtlety of his characters’ emotions. His fiction differs from that of other members of the Self-Strength Literary Group because he prefers to focus on the life of the common, working-class people in the countryside setting, and he does not romanticize reality. Literature, to him, must condemn social ills and help people live morally. His childhood was lived in poverty, and he died of tuberculosis at the age of thirty-three. The present paper presents translations of two of his short stories.
Historiographical Approaches to the French Revolution

Beginning in 1789, the French Revolution can be seen as a series of revolts against the oppressive social and political conditions in France. Within a span of less than ten years, France had radically transformed itself. The French king was beheaded by the masses, while the monarchy was replaced by a republic; wars were declared between France and many of the other countries in Europe; and reforms were initiated which were to transform the lives of many. Because of its importance in modern history, historians have grappled with many different aspects of the Revolution, ranging from its causes, its influence, and how its overall significance is to be measured. While most historians do not deny the significance of the French Revolution, the adoption of different historiographical perspectives has had a major impact on how they understand it.
Offset Drain ZnO Thin-Film Transistors for High-Voltage Operation

High-voltage thin-film transistors (TFTs) are useful building blocks for thin-film circuits. In this letter, we demonstrate ZnO high-voltage TFTs with offset drain. For these devices, the drain-to-source breakdown voltage increases from about 30 to >80 V as the drain offset length is increased from 0 to $\sim 2~\mu \text{m}$ , with little degradation in the ${I}$ – ${V}$ characteristics. The fabrication process is simple and uses a maximum temperature of 200 °C, which allows the high-voltage ZnO TFTs to be readily integrated in thin-film circuits on either glass or polymeric substrates.
Lexical-Semantic Search Under Different Covert Verbal Fluency Tasks: An fMRI Study.

Background: Verbal fluency is a measure of cognitive flexibility and word search strategies that is widely used to characterize impaired cognitive function. Despite the wealth of research on identifying and characterizing distinct aspects of verbal fluency, the anatomic and functional substrates of retrieval-related search and post-retrieval control processes still have not been fully elucidated. Method: Twenty-one native English-speaking, healthy, right-handed, adult volunteers (mean age = 31 yrs.; range = 21-45 yrs.; 9 F) took part in a block-design functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study of free recall, covert word generation tasks when guided by phonemic (P), semantic-category (C), and context-based fill-in–the-blank sentence completion (S) cues. General linear model (GLM), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) were used to further characterize the neural substrate of verbal fluency as a function of retrieval cue type. Results: Common localized activations across P, C and S tasks occurred in the bilateral superior and left inferior frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), and left insula. Differential task activations were centered in the occipital, temporal and parietal regions as well as the thalamus and cerebellum. The contex-based fluency task, i.e., the S task, elicited higher differential brain activity in a lateralized frontal-temporal network typically engaged in complex language processing. P and C tasks elicited activation in limited pathways mainly within the left frontal regions. ICA and PPI results of the S task suggested that brain regions distributed across both hemispheres, extending beyond classical language areas, are recruited for lexical-semantic access and retrieval during sentence completion. Conclusion: Study results support the hypothesis of overlapping, as well as distinct, neural networks for covert word generation when guided by different linguistic cues. The increased demand on word retrieval is met by the concurrent recruitment of classical as well as non-classical language-related brain regions forming a large cognitive neural network. The retrieval-related search and post retrieval control processes that subserve verbal fluency, therefore, reverberates across distinct functional networks as determined by respective task demands.
Basic Electronic Oscillators

The possibility of instabilities in amplifiers has been introduced earlier. Because of internal feedback in the active devices, external feedback paths, or connections in the amplifier, a feedback signal proportional to the output is produced. If this feedback signal is in phase with the input, a regenerative situation exists, and if the magnitude of the feedback is large enough, an unstable circuit is obtained. That is, if any input, including noise, is applied to or is present in a circuit which is initially at rest, growing transients occur. After a period of time, these growing transients are sufficiently large to produce a nonlinear response of the circuit elements, and these nonlinearities finally stop the growth of the signals. Eventually, then, steady-state oscillations can occur, and the circuit becomes an (unwanted) oscillator.
Gene-Specific Analysis of Variances

In the differential expression analysis, the subjects are divided into two groups, case and control. A generalization of the differential expression analysis is the situation where the subjects are divided into multiple treatment groups. In addition, there may be multiple factors with possible interactions among different factors, e.g., the factorial design. This chapter deals with microarray data analysis under the factorial design.
Development of [18F]AlF-NOTA-RGD2 probe for microPET imaging in U87MG-tumor bearing mice

524 Objectives Clinical translation of 18F-labeled arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptides is partially hindered by the multi-step and laborious radiosynthesis. The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of one-step 18F-labeling of a dimeric RGD peptide for microPET imaging via a simple chelation reaction between Al18F and NOTA-RGD2. Methods Cyclic peptide E[c(RGDyK)]2 (RGD2) was conjugated with macrocyclic chelator 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) and labeled with Al18F to synthesize [18F]AlF-NOTA-RGD2. The petide conjugate’s affinity and specificity to integrin were assessed by cell-based receptor binding assay, and the tumor targeting efficacy of [18F]AlF-NOTA-RGD2 was evaluated in a subcutaneous U87MG glioblastoma xenograft mouse model. Results The NOTA-RGD2 conjugate could be radiofluorinated in good yield within 40 min via Al18F intermediate. The IC50 of [19F]AlF-NOTA-RGD2 determined by U87MG cell-based receptor binding assay was 46 ± 4.4 nM using 125I-echistatin as radioligand. Quantitative microPET imaging studies using [18F]AlF-NOTA-RGD2 demonstrated the high tumor uptake, fast clearance from body, and good tumor to normal organ ratios. Conclusions The NOTA-RGD2 conjugate has been successfully labeled with Al18F in one single step. The good in vivo behavior plus the short synthesis route for [18F]AlF-NOTA-RGD2 warrant further exploration for kit-like production of 18F-labeled RGD PET radiopharmaceutical for integrin αvβ3 imaging and potential clinical translation
Effect of Cross-Linking on the Contractile Behavior of Myofibrils

When rabbit psoas myofibrils in rigor are cross-linked with DMS (dimethyl suberimidate) for various periods of time, they contract on activation to a final sarcomere spacing of 1.3–1.5 μm. This behavior is observed out to 100 min cross-linking time (2 mg/ml DMS; 10°C). Over the next 100 min of cross-linking, the sarcomere spacing, following activation and contraction, gradually increases and finally plateaus near its initial (rigor) value. We also determined the unloaded shortening velocity of the cross-linked myofibrils using an inverted microscope equipped with a video camera. Following photo-activation of caged ATP, the fast contracting process observed in control (untreated) myofibrils decreases in rate and magnitude with increasing cross-linking time. When taken together with earlier cross-linking studies, our present results suggest that the suppression of contraction may result from two distinct cross-linking reactions: (1)Cross-linking of myosin rods in the filament core which immobilizes the S-2 subunit and acts to decrease the isometric force (∼90% at 100 min). (2) Cross-linking within the S-1 subunit. This latter reaction is believed to account for the continuous decay in the rate and magnitude of the unloaded shortening process.
Headspace-gas chromatography: an ideal technique for sampling volatiles present in non-volatile matrices.

After a brief overview of the techniques of static and dynamic headspace sampling and examples are given for the dynamic method (“purge and trap”). With respect to static headspace—gas chromatography (HS-GC) the theoretical background of the technique and the principles of the existing instruments are outlined. Five questions related to static HS-GC are discussed in more detail: trace analysis; ultratrace analysis with cryogenic enhancement of the analytes and elimination of the possible effect of excess water vapor in the sample; sample modification by carrying out reactions in the sample vial; non-equilibrium static HS-GC; and pattern analysis by HS-GC.
The Role of Fiber in the Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children

We reviewed the available evidence on the role of fiber in the treatment of Functional Constipation (FC) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in children. The vast majority of toddlers and preschoolers do not consume enough fiber. Two of the most common reasons for consultation to a pediatric gastroenterology practice include FC and IBS. The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines state that the evidence does not support the use of fiber supplements in the treatment of FC in children, and the Rome IV criteria do not recommend an increase in fiber consumption, in children with IBS. Despite this, in general practice, it is commonly recommended that children who experience constipation and IBS to increase their fiber intake. We conducted a systematic review of the available evidence on the role of fiber in the treatment of FC and IBS in children. Thirteen full-text articles with a total of seven hundred and twenty-three pediatric participants were included in this review. Three clinical trials found positive effects of dietary fiber for the management of IBS. Nine out of ten trials found fiber to be either more effective than placebo, or just as effective as laxative treatment. Most studies on the use of fiber for the treatment of FC and IBS have shown its benefit. However, due to the heterogeneity in study design, length of treatment, outcome measures, and amount and type of fiber, we were unable to make a definitive recommendation supporting the use of fiber for the treatment of FC and IBS in children.
Psychological and Psychosocial Aspects of Face Transplantation

The first face transplant was performed in 2005 raising ethical and psychological issues only conjectured about until then. The number of face transplant recipients has continued to grow worldwide, to 39 known by the end of 2017. Unfortunately, the data being gathered about psychological outcomes tends to be descriptive rather than through systematic use of standardized rating instruments. Despite the data quality, there is reason for optimism regarding improved social integration for face transplant recipients. The risk of cancers and specter of chronic rejection with possible loss of the graft reflect the downside of face transplantation, as with solid organ grafts. However, the loss of the face once restored or even part of the graft is a devastating outcome, experienced by a few recipients at this point. Overall there is reason to be optimistic about the psychological adaptation of FT recipients.
A pilot randomized trial of a dual n-back emotional working memory training program for veterans with elevated PTSD symptoms.

Abstract Anxiety is characterized by excessive attention to threatening information, leading to impaired working memory (WM) performance and elevated anxious thoughts. Preliminary research indicates that individuals with PTSD show particular difficulty with WM in emotional contexts (Schweizer et al., 2011). Although several studies show that computerized training can improve WM capacity for anxious individuals (Owens et al., 2013; Schweizer et al., 2011; 2013), there has been very little research on WM training for PTSD or with Veterans (Saunders et al., 2015). In a pilot randomized trial, we assigned Veterans with elevated PTSD symptoms to an online emotional WM training, either adaptive (n-back; n = 11) or a less potent training (1-back; n = 10). Overall, both groups showed significant decreases in PTSD symptoms. The n-back group showed a trend of outperforming the 1-back group in improving reexperiencing symptoms (which are likely to be associated with impaired WM functioning). This population anecdotally found the intervention quite challenging, which may be why even the less potent 1-back was still helpful. These preliminary findings justify the effort for developing new WM-focused PTSD intervention for complex, vulnerable populations, particularly as online training can improve accessibility.
Identification of suicidal behavior among psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents using natural language processing and machine learning of electronic health records

Objective The rapid proliferation of machine learning research using electronic health records to classify healthcare outcomes offers an opportunity to address the pressing public health problem of adolescent suicidal behavior. We describe the development and evaluation of a machine learning algorithm using natural language processing of electronic health records to identify suicidal behavior among psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. Methods Adolescents hospitalized on a psychiatric inpatient unit in a community health system in the northeastern United States were surveyed for history of suicide attempt in the past 12 months. A total of 73 respondents had electronic health records available prior to the index psychiatric admission. Unstructured clinical notes were downloaded from the year preceding the index inpatient admission. Natural language processing identified phrases from the notes associated with the suicide attempt outcome. We enriched this group of phrases with a clinically focused list of terms representing known risk and protective factors for suicide attempt in adolescents. We then applied the random forest machine learning algorithm to develop a classification model. The model performance was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy. Results The final model had a sensitivity of 0.83, specificity of 0.22, AUC of 0.68, a PPV of 0.42, NPV of 0.67, and an accuracy of 0.47. The terms mostly highly associated with suicide attempt clustered around terms related to suicide, family members, psychiatric disorders, and psychotropic medications. Conclusion This analysis demonstrates modest success of a natural language processing and machine learning approach to identifying suicide attempt among a small sample of hospitalized adolescents in a psychiatric setting.