cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A REFINED MAP OF THE hisG GENE OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM

ABSTRACT The hisG gene is the most operator-proximal structural gene of the histidine operon; it encodes the feedback-inhibitable first enzyme of the biosynthetic pathway. Previously, hisG mutants were mapped into seven intervals defined by the available deletion mutations having endpoints in the hisG gene. The map has been refined using over 60 new deletion mutants. The new map divides the gene into 41) deletion intervals, which average approximately 30 base pairs in length. The map has been used to analyze the distribution of insertion sites for the transposable element Tn 10 and has permitted conclusions on the distribution of duplication endpoints. The map promises to be useful in analysis of his regulation and, more particularly, in the determination of the possible role of the hisG enzyme in this mechanism.
Gradient Phenomena and the Language of Aesthetics

The art world, like many cultural spheres, uses language in unique and idiosyncratic ways; drawing on assumptions of categorical and community membership and presumed knowledge of certain references, context, and vocabulary. The frame that is this elitist landscape onto which communication is drawn however, functions in a specific albeit elaborate way in that it delivers a projected visual experience by which members of this specific group gain an understanding/knowledge of certain subjective events or sensory phenomena. The chief director of this communication is the art critic/reviewer whose task it is to communicate, to a large audience, the subjective and experiential. The difficulty of this task lies in that this audience is blind to the artwork being described, in that often a picture is not supplied with the text. Given this restricted means of communication, the critic is charged not only with describing a work of art (which is often an instance of the new), but also situating it inside the cultural sphere of the art community with its history and many movements intertwined. This situation, paired with my experience as a member of this community, has led me to ask the question; how does language function as a vehicle for describing experiential phenomena, and what strategies does the art critic use to deliver his/her message effectively to the community at large?
A Generalized Framework for Parallelizing Traffic Sign Inventory of Video Log Images Using Multicore Processors

Abstract: Video log images could potentially be used for state transportation agencies to automatically inventory traffic sign assets. However, processing millions of video log images is prohibitively time-consuming. Taking advantage of the emerging chip multicore processor (CMP) technology, this article proposes a generalized framework for parallelizing traffic sign detection in a large number of high-resolution video log images. Based on an improved contour finding and workload identification strategy, task and data parallelism in traffic sign detection are fully developed at multiple levels. A generalized parallelization framework for dynamic workload scheduling using adaptive work-stealing of thread pool and dynamic circular lock-free double-ended queue is then proposed. Experimental results on 14,514 images provided by the Louisiana Department of Transportation show that the parallelized traffic sign detection algorithm has great potential to improve computation time with a parallel speedup of up to 18 times on multilevel parallel configurations and different CMP platforms while keeping the same accuracy as the serial version.
Gas chromatographic sensing on an optical fiber by mode-filtered light detection.

Abstract A chemical sensor for gas phase measurements is reported which combines the principles of chemical separation and fiber optic detection. The analyzer incorporates an annular column Chromatographic sensor, constructed by inserting a polymer-clad optical fiber into a silica capillary. Light from a helium-neon laser is launched down the fiber, producing a steady intensity distribution within the fiber, but a low background of scattered light. When sample vapor is introduced to the sensor, and an analyte-rich volume interacts with the polymer cladding, Chromatographic retention is observed simultaneously with a change in the local refractive index of the cladding. An increase in cladding refractive index (RI) causes light to be coupled out of the fiber, with detection at a right-angle to the annular column length to provide optimum S/N ratio. This detection mechanism is called mode-filtered light detection. We report a gas Chromatographic separation on a 3.1 m annular column (320 μm i.d. silica tube, 228 μm o.d. fiber with a 12 μm fluorinated silicone clad) of methane, benzene, butanone and chlorobenzene in 6 min. The annular column length was reduced to 22 cm to function as a sensor, with selected organic vapors exhibiting unique retention times and detection selectivity. The detection selectivity is determined by the analyte RI and the partition coefficient into the cladding. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) for benzene vapor is 0.03% by volume in nitrogen, and several chlorinated species had LOD values less than 1%. For binary mixtures of organic vapors, the detected response appears to be the linear combination of the two organic standards, suggesting that the annular column may be useful as a general approach for designing chemical sensors that incorporate separation and optical detection principles simultaneously.
Modeling and simulation in security evaluation

Digital computers' earliest applications evaluated models of physical systems to predict their behavior under controlled conditions. To do this, they used simulation, computing changes to the models' state variables as a function of time. Since then, simulation has become fundamental to computer science. Developments in security have their roots elsewhere, but points of contact are increasing between security and simulation, particularly in several security evaluation areas, including: 1) impact assessment for determining how security measures affect system and application performance; 2) emulation, in which real and virtual worlds are combined to study the interaction between malware and systems, and probe for new system weaknesses; 3) cyberattack exercises and training scenarios; and 4) risk assessment based on known vulnerabilities, exploits, attack capabilities, and system configuration.
Effects of Radiation-Induced Stress on the Chemical Durability of Nuclear Waste Glasses

The growth of stresses in irradiated glasses is modeled, and the resulting effects on chemical durability are evaluated. It is shown that in actinide-doped glasses, maximum stresses are small when compared to those that act on a plane parallel to the ion tracks of an implanted glass, at equivalent fluences. The theory also offers an explanation for the apparent change in the dissolution enhancement factor with fluence in ion-implantation experiments.
Changes in distribution of lipid, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate enzyme within the liver lobule of the rat during adaptive hyperlipogenesis.

Feeding rats a high-sucrose, fat-free diet after two days of starvation resulted in an initial accumulation of hepatic lipid and an increased activity of those enzymes which catalyze and support the formation of fatty acids from acetyl precursors. Rats starved for 48 hours were refed a high-carbohydrate, fat-free diet for 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days. Frozen sections of liver were stained with Oil Red O for lipids. In adjacent sections glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GDH)and malate enzyme (ME) were localized and the relative enzyme activity evaluated. Enlargement and yellowing of the liver were noted after two to three days feeding of the fat-free diet, but subsequently the liver appeared normal. Oil Red O staining demonstrated a progressive accumulation of lipid from the periportal to the centrilobular area during the first three days of refeeding. After the seventh day on the fat-free diet, however, the lipid accumulation was less and the distribution appeared similar to that of animals maintained on a balanced diet. A marked increase in both GDH and ME activity was noted throughout the liver lobule after two days on the fat-free diet. Enzyme activity remained high throughout the lobule during the balance of the experimental period, with maximum activity in the centrilobular area.
Topologically massive chromodynamics in the perturbative regime

Topologically massive SU(N) gauge theories are studied by using the loop expansion in the Landau gauge. Ward identities for infinitesimal and topologically nontrivial gauge transformations are derived, and checked to one-loop order. The renormalized propagators and vertices are shown to be well behaved about zero momentum to arbitrary order in perturbation theory. We also establish that only massive states contribute to the discontinuities of physical amplitudes.
Transient CHI start-up simulations with the TSC

Transient coaxial helicity injection (CHI) has been successfully used in the helicity injected torus-II and the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) for a demonstration of closed-flux current generation without the use of the central solenoid. The Tokamak Simulation Code (TSC) has now been used to understand the scaling of CHI generated toroidal current with variations in the external toroidal field and injector flux. These simulations show favourable scaling of the CHI start-up process with increasing machine size. Closed flux in TSC is achieved as a result of the decaying CHI discharge that induces a positive loop voltage generating the initial closed-flux current.
Single tube, high throughput cloning of inverted repeat constructs for double-stranded RNA expression.

Background RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful tool for the targeted knockout of genes for functional genomics, system biology studies and drug discovery applications. To meet the requirements for high throughput screening in plants we have developed a new method for the rapid assembly of inverted repeat-containing constructs for the in vivo production of dsRNAs. Methodology/Principal Findings The procedure that we describe is based on tagging the sense and antisense fragments with unique single-stranded (ss) tails which are then assembled in a single tube Ligase Independent Cloning (LIC) reaction. Since the assembly reaction is based on the annealing of unique complementary single stranded tails which can only assemble in one orientation, greater than ninety percent of the resultant clones contain the desired insert. Conclusion/Significance Our single-tube reaction provides a highly efficient method for the assembly of inverted repeat constructs for gene suppression applications. The single tube assembly is directional, highly efficient and readily adapted for high throughput applications.
Timing of reflexive visuospatial orienting in young, young-old, and old-old adults.

This study examined adult age differences in reflexive orienting to two types of uninformative spatial cues: central arrows and peripheral onsets. In two experiments using a Posner cuing task, young adults (ages 18–28 years), young-old adults (60–74 years), and old-old adults (75–92 years) responded to targets that were preceded 100–1,000 ms earlier by a central arrow or a peripheral abrupt onset. In Experiment 1, the cue remained present upon target onset. Facilitation effects at short cue–target stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) were prolonged in duration for the two older groups relative to the young adults. At longer cue–target SOAs, inhibition of return (IOR) that was initiated by peripheral onset cues was observed in the performance of young adults but not in that of the two older groups. In Experiment 2, the cue was presented briefly and removed prior to target onset. The change in cue duration minimized age differences (particularly for young-old adults) in facilitation effects and led to IOR for all three age groups. The findings are consistent with the idea that attentional control settings change with age, with higher settings for older adults leading to delayed disengagement from spatial cues.
Density dependence of valley polarization energy for composite fermions

In two-dimensional electron systems confined to wide AlAs quantum wells, composite fermions around the filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=3/2$ are fully spin polarized but possess a valley degree of freedom. Here we measure the energy needed to completely valley polarize these composite fermions as a function of electron density. Comparing our results to the existing theory, we find overall good quantitative agreement but there is an unexpected trend: the measured composite fermion valley polarization energy, normalized to the Coulomb energy, decreases with decreasing density.
Urban heat island monitoring and analysis using a non-parametric model: A case study of Indianapolis

Abstract A procedure for the monitoring an urban heat island (UHI) was developed and tested over a selected location in the Midwestern United States. Nine counties in central Indiana were selected and their UHI patterns were modeled. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) images taken in 2005 were used for the research. The images were sorted based on cloud cover over the study area. The resulting 94 day and night images were used for the modeling. The technique of process convolution was then applied to the images in order to characterize the UHIs. This process helped to characterize the LST data into a continuous surface and the UHI data into a series of Gaussian functions. The diurnal temperature profiles and UHI intensity attributes (minimum, maximum and magnitude) of the characterized images were analyzed for variations. Skin temperatures within any given image varied between 2–15 ∘ C and 2–8 ∘ C for the day and night images, respectively. The magnitude of the UHI varied from 1–5 ∘ C and 1–3 ∘ C over the daytime and nighttime images, respectively. Three dimensional (3-D) models of the day and night images were generated and visually explored for patterns through animation. A strong and clearly evident UHI was identified extending north of Marion County well into Hamilton County. This information coincides with the development and expansion of northern Marion County during the past few years in contrast to the southern part. To further explore these results, an Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) 2004 land use land cover (LULC) dataset was analyzed with respect to the characterized UHI. The areas with maximum heat signatures were found to have a strong correlation with impervious surfaces. The entire process of information extraction was automated in order to facilitate the mining of UHI patterns at a global scale. This research has proved to be promising approach for the modeling and mining of UHIs from large amount of remote sensing images. Furthermore, this research also aids in 3-D diachronic analysis.
A note on “Convergence rates and asymptotic normality for series estimators”: uniform convergence rates

This paper establishes improved uniform convergence rates for series estimators. Series estimators are least-squares fits of a regression function where the number of regressors depends on sample size. I will specialize my results to the cases of polynomials and regression splines. These results improves upon results obtained earlier by Newey, yet fail to attain the optimal rates of convergence.
Pediatric radiation oncology--subspecialty training?

The dilemma The need for radiation oncologists with expertise in pediatric oncology will persist, yet the patient population which is the recipient of this expertise will remain small. Is it justifiable to create a subspecialty within an already “small” specialty? Questions which should be considered include the following: (a) What is the need for this subspecialty? (b) What is the interest in this subspecialty? and (c)What are the problems in establishing this subspecialty?
Seasonal and decadal shifts in particulate organic matter processing and sedimentation in the Bering Strait Shelf region

Abstract We present data on the quality and quantity of particulate organic material deposited to the benthos in the Chukchi Sea. This analysis is undertaken by using 7 Be, a short-lived radiotracer, which is associated with particle deposition, the stable carbon isotopic composition of organic material and its C/N ratio in the water column and within the sediments, and the inventories of chlorophyll a present in surface sediments. Using previously published data, we show that sedimentation processes in the regional Bering Strait ecosystem may have shifted in the past decade. Surface sediments collected in 2004 adjacent to the Russian coastline in the Chukchi Sea are less refractory in terms of carbon isotope ratios and C/N ratios than was observed for surface sediments at similar locations in 1995 and 1988. Based upon sediment 7 Be and chlorophyll a inventories, short-term sedimentation on the shelf occurs immediately north of Bering Strait, and within and downstream of Barrow and Herald Canyons. Seasonal differences (i.e., ice-covered versus open-water conditions) in the quality of particulate organic carbon reaching the benthos appear to be small in the most productive waters, such as Barrow Canyon. However, in less productive waters, C/N ratios and δ 13 C values show seasonal variations. Once on the bottom, δ 13 C values in the organic fractions of the sediments are less negative than observed in settling material in the water column, which is commonly thought to result from biological processing within the sediments.
Fatigue Behavior of a 22Cr-20Ni-18Co-Fe Alloy at Elevated Temperatures

An experimental investigation was conducted on Haynes Alloy 556 to study the fatigue behavior of the material at elevated temperatures. Fatigue tests were run at constant temperatures ranging from room temperature to 871 C with strain ranges from 0.265 to 1.5 percent resulting in lives between 10[sup 2] and 10[sup 6] cycles. Cyclic deformation properties were evaluated based on the fatigue data. Three fatigue life models were evaluated for their ability to predict the isothermal fatigue lives of the material. These included the Ostergren, Frequency Separation and Stress-Strain-Time models. Strengths and weaknesses of each model are discussed based on the experimental results.
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF LIGHT SCATTERING FROM THE 3He-4He MIXTURE NEAR ITS CONSOLUTE CRITICAL POINT

Critical opalescence ce has been observed in 3He-4He mixtures in the vicinigy of the top of the miscibility gap. Preliminary results are reported.
Effect of cage type on effective generation interval in continuous populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Developmental time of Drosophila melanogaster was estimated for population cages with stable age distributions in a replicated experiment using 12-bottle cages. This estimate was used to fix the lower limit for ‘effective generation interval’ and was combined with other estimates for 8- and 12-bottle cages to estimate parameters in a negative exponential model relating effective generation interval to number of food bottles. The results indicate that for practical purposes the ‘effective generation interval’ becomes a constant for population cages with 4 or more bottles, assuming a uniform cycle of media replacement and a controlled environment of 23 C, and 70% R.H. This interval was estimated to be 22.5±4.9 days with 95% confidence.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of 4-Methyl-2-Mercaptopyrimidine by Silver(II)-Cyclam and the Thermodynamics of its Acid-Base Reaction

Abstract The kinetics of the oxidation of 4-methyl-2-mercaptopyrimidine (MMP) by Ag(cyclam)2+ was studied in buffer solutions from pH 5.68 to 7.33 at total ionic strength of 0.10 M (NaClO4). The reaction is first order with respect to each of the reactants, and is strongly influenced by the pH of the solution. The mechanism postulated to account for the kinetics and the pH behavior involves the acid-base reaction of MMP, the oxidation of RSH and RS− to RS* and free radical dimerization to form RSSR. The reaction obeys the following rate law: The second-order rate constants calculated for the oxidation of RSH (k′2) and RS− (k 2) at 25°C are 3.3 and 188 M−1 s−1, respectively. The activation parameters for the k 2 path are δH≠ = 33.6kJ mol−1 and ΔS≠ = -83.3J mol−1 K−1. An inner-sphere electron-transfer mechanism, with the probable formation of a penta-coordinate species between silver(II)-cyclam and RS−, is postulated. The acid-base reaction of MMP was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy from pH 4 to 12 at i...
Wage Policy in East Germany

This paper assesses the impact of East Germany moving toward wage parity with West Germany within a few years on the goal of achieving quick convergence. Results of a simple econometric model of historical growth in West Germany for 1969–1985 suggest that the high wage-to-productivity policy has lowered overall economic growth. We apply these results to East Germany to estimate the amount of investment that would be required to achieve high growth targets in light of the growth-depressing effect of current wage policy. We find that the amount of investment required is far in excess of what Germany has historically maintained. Finally, our analysis shows that high growth becomes a more feasible outcome if wages are raised by less than productivity improvements.
Predicting membrane fouling during municipal drinking water nanofiltration using artificial neural networks

A robust artificial neural network (ANN) model requiring minimal training, closely predicted membrane fouling during nanofiltration (NF) of ground and surface water. Neural networks accurately simulated the total resistance to water permeation across NF membranes during bench-scale experiments with flat membrane sheets, tests with single spiral-wound elements, as well as pilot- and full-scale tests with multiple spiral-wound elements arranged in two stages. ANN inputs included physically meaningful and independent variables including flow rates and feed water quality parameters (pH, UV254, and total dissolved solids (TDS)) that are commonly monitored during water treatment thereby facilitating their implementation. Therefore, under the experimental conditions investigated, colloidal fouling and biofouling appeared to be negligible because accurate ANN predictions were possible without using feed water turbidity and bacteria concentrations as inputs. One emphasis during this work was to minimize the data employed for ANN training while simultaneously performing simulations in purely predictive mode for entire cycles (experiments). Cumulatively, using only 10% of experimental data for ANN training allowed prediction of 93% of them with <5% absolute relative error. Hence, simple to implement ANNs are capable of capturing changes in feed water quality, flux, and recovery and can successfully overcome difficulties associated with mechanistic models to accurately predict long-term fouling during municipal drinking water nanofiltration.
Superselective embolization of colonic bleeding.

Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage is less common than upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage but in my hospital more commonly referred to interventional radiologists because of the proficiency of upper endoscopy to diagnose and treat upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with severe bleeding who are hemodynamically stable usually undergo screening with tagged red blood cell scanning. In the event of a positive study, urgent mesenteric angiography is performed, usually within 1 hour of the nuclear medicine study. Angiography is performed with an intention to treat.
Early locus coeruleus lesions increase the density of β-adrenergic receptors in the main olfactory bulb of rats

Abstract Norepinephrine is supplied to both deep and superficial layers of the olfactory bulb through dense projections from the locus coeruleus. 16 Beta-adrenergic receptors are located in nearly all bulb laminae, with high-density foci of β-1 and β-2-adrenoceptors present in the glomerular layer. 29 Early olfactory experiences that increase norepinephrine levels in the bulb also decrease the density of β-1- and β-2-adrenoceptors, as well as the number of high-density glomerular foci of β-2-receptors. 30 Changes in bulb norepinephrine levels, therefore, may affect the density of β-adrenoceptors in the bulb. In the current study, we test this hypothesis by performing unilateral lesions of the locus coeruleus with 6-hydroxydopamine on postnatal day 4, and examining the density of β-1- and β-2-adrenergic receptors in the main olfactory bulb of the rat using 125 I-labeled iodopindolol receptor autoradiography on postnatal day 19. Locus coeruleus destruction resulted in a statistically significant increase in the density of adrenergic receptors in the ipsilateral bulb compared to the contralateral bulb. Both β-1- and β-2-adrenoceptor subtypes increased in density with this manipulation, although the number of glomerular layer high-density β-2 foci was not significantly different between the two bulbs. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in olfactory bulb norepinephrine can regulate the density of β-adrenergic receptors in the bulb.
Low Voltage Electrohydrodynamic Micropump for Cooling of Electronic Device

To dissipate the high heat generated in microprocessors and electronic components, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) micropumps are often used. An EHD system involves the interaction of a flow field and an applied electric field; specifically, an ion-drag EHD micropump uses the interaction of an electric field with electric charges, dipoles or particles embedded in a dielectric fluid in order to generate a net flow. These EHD micropumps, require high voltage to drive the fluid, and as a result have not gained wide application. This study presents a systematic analytical method of reducing the high voltage requirement. The approach is to select a dielectric material such that flow rate is maximized with low electric potential. It is known that the dielectric maximum velocity is a function of the dielectric potential, dielectric permittivity, and viscosity. In this paper, a flow rate is assumed to be sufficient. The electric potential is decreased by selecting the appropriate fluid. Fluid of high permittivity and low viscosity will enhance the potential factor there by, decreasing the potential.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
"No-therapy": A method of helping persons with problems.

Groups, settings, and activities which are not labeled therapeutic but which are devoted to helping persons with problems seem to be quite effective. Persons involved in Alcoholics Anonymous, Synanon, and other similar groups are not therapists but yet attempt to deal with problems. “No-therapy” is proposed as a name for the activity which goes on. The relationship between therapist and patient and between “no-therapist” and person with a problem are quite different. “No-therapy” is particularly suited to help with problems of behavior and is not suited to help with problems of thought or emotion.
Report from the 4th International Workshop for the Study of Itch.

The 4th International Workshop for the Study of Itch* was held 9–11 September 2007 in San Francisco, California. For the first time, the meeting was sponsored in part by a grant from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and the Office of Rare Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. Also for the first time, the meeting was held under the auspices of the International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI). Organized by Earl and Mirela Carstens, the meeting was attended by more than 130 scientists and physicians from throughout the world. The workshop covered a vast range of topics, including the neurophysiology of itch in humans and animals, molecular mechanisms of itch, neurogenic inflammation, and pharmacology of antipruritics. Clinical aspects were well covered, and there was a lively discussion of itch definitions. Other topics included clinical research on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of itch in systemic disease, neuropathic itch, new treatments, and psychosocial aspects of chronic itch. Highlights of the meeting are presented below.
Seed dormancy in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef.

Abstract Physiological factors involved in seed dormancy in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef. were investigated. Hardwickii seed (PI 183967) demonstrated a dormancy which required 100 days of after-ripening under ambient temperature (25°C) and humidity (approx. 60%) for 50% germination (T50). Removal of the seed coat released hardwickii embryos from dormancy and permitted 100% germination. Increasing the relative humidity above 60% in the atmosphere surrounding seeds stored at 25°C decreased the after-ripening time for T50 to between 42 and 56 days. After-ripening at 37 or 47°C reduced the T50 to 75 days, in comparison to a T50 of more than 100 days for temperatures below 37°C. When germinated on solutions of increasing osmolarities of polyethyleneglycol 4000, isolated embryos given longest after-ripening treatments had the greatest growth potential. Solvent extracts of dormant hardwickii seed were evaluated for inhibitors of germination in cucumber and curly cress bioassays. Seed dormancy in hardwickii is most likely not attributable to inhibitors present within hardwickii seed. It is hypothesized that after-ripening increases the growth potential of the embryo by allowing radicle penetration of the seed coat which may present a significant physical barrier in dormant seeds.
Structures and synthesis of framework Rb and Cs uranyl arsenates and their relationships with their phosphate analogues

Abstract Two hydrated uranyl arsenates, Cs 2 (UO 2 )[(UO 2 )(AsO 4 )] 4 (H 2 O) 2 ( CsUAs ) and Rb 2 (UO 2 )[(UO 2 )(AsO 4 )] 4 (H 2 O) 4.5 ( RbUAs ), were synthesized by hydrothermal methods. Intensity data were collected at room temperature using Mo K α radiation and a CCD-based area detector. The crystal structure of RbUAs was solved by direct methods, whereas the structure model of the phosphate Cs 2 (UO 2 )[(UO 2 )(PO 4 )] 4 (H 2 O) 2 was used for CsUAs ; both were refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques on the basis of F 2 to agreement indices ( CsUAs , RbUAs ) w R 2 =0.061,0.041, for all data, and R 1 =0.032,0.021, calculated for 5098, 4991 unique observed reflections (| F o |>4 σ F ), respectively. The compound CsUAs is orthorhombic, space group Cmc 2 1 , Z =4, a =15.157(2), b =14.079(2), c =13.439(2) A, V =2867.9(1) A 3 . RbUAs is monoclinic, space group C 2/ m , Z =4, a =13.4619(4), b =15.8463(5), c =14.0068(4) A, β =92.311(1)°, V =2985.52(2) A 3 . The structures consist of sheets of arsenate tetrahedra and uranyl pentagonal bipyramids, with composition [(UO 2 )(AsO 4 )] − , that are topologically identical to the uranyl silicate sheets in uranophane-beta. These sheets are connected by a uranyl pentagonal bipyramid in the interlayer that shares corners with two arsenate tetrahedra on each of two adjacent sheets and whose fifth equatorial vertex is an H 2 O group, resulting in an open framework with alkali metal cations in the larger cavities of the structures. CsUAs is isostructural with its phosphate analogue, and has two Cs atoms and a H 2 O group in its structural cavities. RbUAs is not isostructural with its phosphate analogue, although it has a homeotypic framework. Its structural cavities are occupied by three Rb atoms and four H 2 O groups; one Rb position and three of the interstitial H 2 O groups are half-occupied. The partial occupancies of these positions probably result from the accommodation of the larger As atoms (relative to P) in the framework and resultant larger cavities.
Observation of magnetically induced polarization in a ferrofluid

Abstract Light transmitted through a magnetite colloid subjected to a pulsed magnetic field is analyzed to determine particle size. Absorption measurements of light give a measure of the magnetic dipole moment. A comparison with theoretical estimates for particle coagulation is made and implications for medical research are noted.
Cysticercosis cerebri: evolution of central nervous system involvement as visualized by computed tomography.

Abstract The sequential CT findings in a patient with cysticercosis cerebri are presented. The clinical course and response to corticosteroid treatment were monitored by CT scanning. Particular attention is directed to the neuropsychiatric evolution of this disease and its associated CT findings. Because of the increasing number of diagnosed cases of neurocysticercosis both in immigrants and in indigenous travelers to other countries, awareness of this disease and the CT scan findings are of value.
Baryon hyperfine mass splittings large N QCD

Abstract The hyperfine mass splittings of baryons in large N QCD are proved to be proportional to J2. Hyperfine mass splittings are first allowed at order 1 N in the 1 N expansion.
Towards building an analytics platform in the cloud

Recently enterprises have been able to leverage two revolutionary new tools for gaining a competitive advantage for their business -- cloud computing and analytic applications. Cloud computing unburdens them from running and maintaining their compute resources, whereas analytic applications comb through their big data to provide new insights for a competitive advantage in the market. Analytic applications are carefully tailored to their target problems. While there is a lot of work published on both the mechanics of cloud computing as well as analytic methods for distilling insights from a variety of data, there is little work available about the cloud influence on the analytics platforms which aim at lowering the barrier for the creation, deployment, scaling and maintenance of next generation analytic workloads. This paper discusses the challenges we are facing today in order to provide an analytics platform to reduce cost and increase performance of analytics applications in the cloud computing environment.
Patterns of troponin T expression in mammalian fast, slow and promiscuous muscle fibres

The distribution of troponin T (TnT) species in typed single muscle fibres was analysed using one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and a monoclonal antibody specific for fast TnT. Fibres taken from erector spinae (Es), plantaris (Plt), diaphragm (Dia) and soleus (Sol) muscles of adult rabbits were pretyped as fast-twitch-glycolytic (FG), fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG), slow-twitch-oxidative (SO) or promiscuous (P) using a combination of histochemical staining and PAGE. Although none of the four size classes of TnT was either muscle or fibre type specific, their pattern of expression differed in each muscle and between the fibre types. FG fibres expressed TnT1f or TnT2f as predominant species, depending on the muscle; TnT3f and TnT4f were minor components. In contrast, all size classes of TnT were expressed in varying proportions in FOG fibres from Es and Plt, while those from Dia resembled FG fibres, expressing TnT1f as their major species. P fibres from Es, Plt, and Sol exhibited a distinctive pattern of fast TnT expression, TnT3f being the predominant species. Dia differed from the other muscles as TnT1f was the dominant fast TnT species in its P fibres as it is in the Dia fast fibres. Quantitative analysis of one- and two-dimensional gels revealed that the P fibres could be divided into two classes, those that exhibited discoordinate expression of fast and slow TnTs, myosin light chains and myosin heavy chains and those in which their expression was coordinate. In addition low levels of TnT4f were detected in SO fibres and of slow TnT in fast fibres.
Heterogeneous Within-Herd Variance. 2. Genetic Relationships Between Milk Yield and Calving Interval in Grade Holstein Cows

Genetic and phenotypic (co)variances for mature equivalent yield of 4% FCM and calving interval were simultaneously estimated by REML for grade Holstein cows in first and second parity. Data were 305d mature equivalent lactation records and calving dates for 299,441 daughters of 2489 AI sires first calving from 1970 to 1985 in California, New York, or Texas. Data were divided into three time periods, and herds were partitioned into three within-herd-year phenotypic SD classifications for milk yield. Average FCM yield and calving interval increased with SD in all time periods for both parities. Genetic variance of calving interval showed no trend with SD of yield, although residual variances increased as SD of yield increased Heritability of calving interval was less than .06 in all time periods and SD classes. Genetic correlations between first and second calving interval increased as SD of yield increased (.33 to .63), but phenotypic correlations were uniformly small. Genetic correlations between FCM and calving interval were largest in the highest SD class and for second lactations. Phenotypic correlations were small in every SD class. Even though milk yield and calving interval were positively (un
Aberrant nutritional regulation of carbohydrate synthesis by parasitized Manduca sexta L.

Abstract The present studies confirm that storage carbohydrate synthesis from [1- 13 C]glucose is elevated in Manduca sexta parasitized by Cotesia congregata , despite a decrease in the rate of metabolism of the labeled substrate. Further, the results demonstrate that a similar pattern of carbohydrate synthesis and glucose metabolism was induced in normal larvae by administration of the glycolytic inhibitor, iodoacetate. 13 C enrichment of C6 of trehalose and glycogen demonstrated randomization of the C1 label at the triose phosphate step of the glycolytic/gluconeogenic pathway and suggested that gluconeogenesis, that is, de novo carbohydrate formation, contributed to the synthesis of carbohydrate in both normal and parasitized insects. Accounting for differences in the 13 C enrichment in C1 of trehalose and glycogen due to direct labeling from [1- 13 C]glucose, the mean C6/C1 labeling ratios in trehalose and glycogen of parasitized larvae and insects treated with iodoacetate were greater than the mean ratio observed in normal larvae, suggesting a greater contribution of gluconeogenesis to trehalose labeling in parasitized insects. This conclusion was confirmed by additional investigations on the metabolism of [3- 13 C]alanine by normal and parasitized insects. The pattern of 13 C enrichment in hemolymph trehalose observed in normal larvae maintained on a low carbohydrate diet indicated a large contribution of gluconeogenesis, while gluconeogenesis contributed very little to trehalose labeling in normal insects maintained on a high carbohydrate diet. Parasitized insects maintained on a high or a low carbohydrate diet displayed a significantly greater contribution of gluconeogenesis to trehalose labeling than was observed in normal larvae maintained on the same diets. In conclusion, these investigations indicate that regulation over the utilization of dietary glucose for trehalose and glycogen synthesis as well as the dietary regulation of de novo carbohydrate synthesis were altered by parasitism.
Duration of the suppressive effect of tricyclic antidepressants on histamine-induced wheal-and-flare reactions in human skin

The antihistaminic properties of the tricyclic antidepressants have been recognized since these compounds were first developed. Antidepressants, which are equally effective for treating depression or used in the treatment of chronic urticaria, have varying in vitro antihistaminic properties. We compared the duration of H1-receptor blockade by two tricyclic antidepressants, doxepin (the most potent antihistamine) and desipramine (the least potent antihistamine), in a single dose, double-blind, noncrossover study. After baseline prick test with histamine phosphate 1:1000 by Multitest (Lincoln Diagnostics, Decatur, Ill.), the suppression of cutaneous histamine-induced wheal-and-flare responses were measured daily for 7 days in 33 healthy volunteers who were randomly administered a single 25 mg dose of oral desipramine or doxepin. Significant differences in the suppression of the wheal-and-flare responses to histamine between the two drugs were noted (p less than 0.05) during the first 3 days. Desipramine suppressed the wheal for 2 days and flare for 1 day. Doxepin suppressed the wheal for 4 days and flare for 6 days. Our results suggest doxepin should be withheld for at least 7 days before allergy skin testing.
Structural Basis for the Phosphorylation-regulated Focal Adhesion Targeting of Type Iγ Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Kinase (PIPKIγ) by Talin

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a key lipid messenger that regulates myriad diverse cellular signaling pathways. To ensure specificity in disparate cellular events, PIP2 must be localized to specific sub-cellular sites. At PIP2-regulated focal adhesion (FA) sites, such localization is in part mediated via the recruitment and activation of PIP2-producing enzyme, type Igamma phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPKIgamma), by a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain of talin. Transient phosphorylation of PIPKIgamma at Y644 regulates the interaction and efficient FA targeting of PIPKIgamma; however, the underlying structural basis remains elusive. We have determined the NMR structure of talin-1 PTB in complex with the Y644-phosphorylated PIPKIgamma fragment (WVpYSPLH). As compared to canonical PTB domains that typically recognize the NPXpY turn motif from a variety of signaling proteins, our structure displays an unusual non-NPXpY-based recognition mode for talin-1 PTB where K(357)RW in beta5 strand forms an antiparallel beta-sheet with the VpYS of PIPKIgamma. A specific electrostatic triad between K357/R358 of talin-1 PTB and the pY644 of PIPKIgamma was observed, which is consistent with the mutagenesis and isothermal calorimetry data. Combined with previous in vivo data, our results provide a framework for understanding how phosphorylation of Y644 in PIPKIgamma promotes its specific interaction with talin-1, leading to efficient local synthesis of PIP2 and dynamic regulation of integrin-mediated FA assembly.
Agricultural Leadership Education: Past History, Present Reality, and Future Directions

The article explores the past, present, and projected future of agricultural leadership education. Beginning with roots in youth leadership development and grounded in land-grant universities, agricultural leadership education has undergone a shift from working primarily with rural youth to a new focus on also educating undergraduate and graduate students to empower community members and create change. The renewed focus has encouraged recent growth and in the last 10 years, the profession has added three leadership majors, six leadership minors, seven leadership focus areas, seven undergraduate leadership programs, and four graduate leadership programs. Research exploring the student impact of agricultural leadership education revealed that nationwide a total of 7,904 students are exposed to 208 agricultural leadership education courses. As the discipline continues to mature, recommendations are made for continued program development. Discussion highlights prior research examining potential courses to include types of experiences, program objectives, and career connectedness relating to agricultural leadership education. Programs have ample opportunity for future growth and recommendations are made to continue the development of innovative leadership opportunities and consistent pedagogical practices across institutions.
The Psychrometric Constant Is Not Constant: A Novel Approach to Enhance the Accuracy and Precision of Latent Energy Fluxes through Automated Water Vapor Calibrations

Abstract Numerous agencies, programs, and national networks are focused on improving understanding of water and energy fluxes across temporal and spatial scales and on enhancing confidence to synthesize data across multiple sites. Enhancing the accuracy and precision in the surface energy balance and the latent energy (λE) flux lies, in part, with being able to uniformly calibrate water vapor measurements at and among sites to traceable standards. This paper examines (i) the traceable physical controls on field applications of chilled-mirror hygrometers and (ii) an automated means to accurately and precisely calibrate infrared gas analyzers for water vapor concentrations and eddy covariance (λE) data. The environmental physics and gas handling were examined in a theoretical and applied manner that found that chilled-mirror technologies can be a robust measure of dewpoint temperatures and ambient water vapor only if the unit conversions are accounted for between inlet and body temperatures. Psychrometers w...
Decentralized Nonlinear Robust Control of UAVs in Close Formation

This paper treats the design of a decentralized nonlinear robust control system for formation flying of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In close formation, it is assumed that vortex of any UAV affects the motion of all the UAVs behind it. The forces produced by these vortices are complex functions of relative position co-ordinates of the UAVs. In this paper, these forces are treated as unknown functions, which cannot be parameterized. Since the system is not invertible in the wind axes system, a simplified co-ordinate system obtained from the wind axes system for which the velocity roll (bank angle) is zero, is considered for the design of the control system. A nonlinear robust control system for the separation trajectory control of the wing aircraft in the simplified wind coordinate system is derived. Uncertain functions and unmeasured variables are estimated using a high-gain observer for the synthesis of the control system. Each wing UAV synthesizes its control law using its own state variables and the relative position of the preceding UAV with respect to the wing UAV. Thus the control system is decentralized since each UAV has to communicate (depending on sensors for position measurement) with at most one (preceding) UAV, and no data transmission from the remaining vehicles is required. Simulation results for two UAVs are presented which show precise separation trajectory control of each wing UAV in spite of the presence of unknown and unstructured vortex forces, while the lead aircraft maneuvers. Furthermore, these results confirm that when the wing aircraft is positioned properly in the vortex of the lead aircraft, it experiences reduction in its required flight power. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cation-guest interaction within zeolites: Li + exchanged zeolites are unique

Lithium cations present in the supercages of zeolite X and Y activate guest molecules through electrostatic interaction with the π-cloud. Such an interaction may have consequences on the reactivity-photochemical and thermal-of the guest organic molecule.
ThI3: Thermodynamic phenomenology of selected compositions in the lanthanum-modified lead zirconate-titanate solid solution system

Abstract The application of the Landau-Devonshire thermodynamic formalism to selected compositions in the La-modified PZT system is described. For both pure lead titanate and PZT 65/35, experimental data least likely to be influenced by the elastic boundary conditions in polycrystalline specimens are used to investigate the renormalization of the phase transition temperature and higher-order dielectric stiffness coefficients as a function of the extent of lanthanum doping. Implications with regard to the intrinsic elastodielectric properties and phase transition behavior are briefly discussed.