cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contributions to the design and analysis of cellular manufacturing systems

The application of group technology concepts to the design and operation of manufacturing cells has had a major impact on improving the performance of multiproduct, moderate volume manufacturing systems. Initially, the research on manufacturing cells focused primarily on methods for identifying rational part families and machine groups using only basic processing data. However, the comprehensiveness of the problem definition and the supporting decision models have evolved over time to include many relevant organisational issues and options. This paper reviews the developments in this area with particular emphasis on the leading contribution of the International Journal of Production Research. Based on those contributions, a more complete, general formulation for the design of manufacturing cells is presented.
Effects of low-frequency tropical forcing on intraseasonal tropical-extratropical interactions

Abstract A spherical nondivergent barotropic model, linearized about a 300-mb climatological January flow, is used to examine the extratropical response to low-frequency tropical forcing. A two-dimensional WKB analysis shows that the energy propagation depends on the sum of three vectors: the basic state wind vector, a vector that is parallel to the absolute vorticity contours, and the local wave vector. The latter two vectors are functions of the slowly varying background flow and forcing frequency ω. As ω decreases, the ray paths approach that of the local wave vector, so that the energy propagates in a direction perpendicular to the wave fronts. The extratropical jet streams have a stronger influence on the long period (>30 day) ray paths than on those of intermediate period (∼10–30 day). Global and local energetics calculations show that the energy conversion from the zonally varying basic flow increases as ω decreases. The local energetics show that for the long period disturbances, both the energy c...
Smoothness and cleanliness of the GaAs (100) surface after thermal desorption of the native oxide for the synthesis of high mobility structures using molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract To prepare a GaAs substrate for molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth, the nominal ∼ 3 nm native oxide is typically thermally desorbed into vacuum. To test the completeness and quality of this desorption, we describe a technique, which combines MBE, thermal desorption, atomic force microscopy (AFM), reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), for detecting roughness and trace residues of contamination on (100) GaAs surfaces before MBE growth. At all desorption temperatures in the range 600– 665 ° C , our RHEED measurements show that the native oxide is largely desorbed within 4 min. However, the SIMS and AFM data indicate that a residue of carbon invariably remains on the GaAs (100) surface, and tenaciously resists all further attempts at its removal by thermal desorption. Since thermal desorption of the native oxide has long been the standard technique for preparing GaAs substrates for MBE growth, we suggest that MBE growth on GaAs has in general been accomplished by epitaxially growing through a partial monolayer of carbon. We believe this is the likely reason for the generally unsatisfactory quality of GaAs MBE growth after lithographic patterning on previously MBE grown structures. Our AFM data also indicate that extended native oxide desorption times or high desorption temperatures not only are ineffective at removal of the carbon residue, but are always accompanied by additional strong roughening effects on the GaAs surface morphology. Finally, we demonstrate that smoother starting surfaces for MBE growth correlate well with higher two-dimensional carrier mobilities in the resulting AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures.
Profit-Oriented Data Analysis for Market Segmentation: An Alternative to AID:

The authors report on a new AID-like algorithm that overcomes some of the conceptual problems involved in using AID for consumer segmentation. Using a simple cost-profit formulation they segment 35...
Internal and external interorganizational relationships and their impact on the adoption of new technology: An exploratory study

Abstract This article examines internal and external interorganizational relationships and their impact on the probability of organizational adoption of new technologies. First, the paper provides an overview of existing adoption-diffusion research along with a new conceptual framework that links internal and external interorganizational relationships among various industrial groups to the adoption-diffusion process. Based on this new conceptual framework, we formulate hypotheses and an empirical model. The model is estimated using data from 12 technology development projects funded by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA). The results suggest that interorganizational relationships vary across industries and play a significant role in the adoption decisions of organizations. The results also suggest that external technology transfer agents facilitate this process.
Video sketches: exploring pervasive computing interaction designs

Some industry designers have used video scenarios - short movies that show how users might actually interact with a product. However, cost and production issues undermine this method's usefulness. To address this challenge, the author and his students have developed a new method called video sketches. Although similar to video scenarios, video sketches significantly lower the production threshold by replacing video footage with photos. Unlike traditional video, video sketches require tools that most design students have on hand. Students used consumer-level digital still cameras and laptops as their main tools. They composited the images using standard graphic design software and constructed the linear story using low-end video-editing software. Audio production presented the most difficult challenge. Students produced their video sketches following the traditional three-phase (preproduction, production, and postproduction) process. Traditional cinematography issues also apply to making video sketches.
Virilization persists in a woman with an androgen-secreting granulosa cell tumor

Objective To report a case of a woman who presented with amenorrhea and masculinization secondary to an androgen-secreting granulosa cell (GC) tumor, with refractory masculinization. Design Case report. Setting University medical center. Patient(s) A 45-year-old woman with abrupt onset of virilization with high serum androgen levels. Intervention(s) Exploratory laparotomy with full staging. Main Outcome Measure(s) Surgical findings and histopathologic observations are included in this report. Result(s) Pathologic examination revealed an inhibin stain positive GC tumor of the adult type. Virilization has persisted for 8 years after surgery. Conclusion(s) Adult-type GC tumor is an extremely rare cause of virilization. Masculinization features may persist in the absence of high androgen levels.
Characterization of the Martian Surface Deposits by the Mars Pathfinder Rover, Sojourner

Sojourner, the Mars Pathfinder rover, discovered pebbles on the surface and in rocks that may be sedimentary—not volcanic—in origin. Surface pebbles may have been rounded by Ares flood waters or liberated by weathering of sedimentary rocks called conglomerates. Conglomerates imply that water existed elsewhere and earlier than the Ares flood. Most soil-like deposits are similar to moderately dense soils on Earth. Small amounts of dust are currently settling from the atmosphere.
TRACING OIL AS A POLLUTANT IN WATER

The paper describes how samples of spilled oil are separated from the water and then subjected to a number of tests to determine the oil's unique characteristics. These "fingerprints" are matched to data on sources to pinpoint the origin of the spill. Brief case histories are discussed and illustrated with tables.
The Storage of Hatching Eggs and the Post-Hatching Body Weights of Chickens

Abstract THE prolonged storage of chicken hatching eggs adversely affects the developing embryo during incubation. Such storage delays the initiation of embryonic development, reduces the body weight of the 7 and 14 day embryos, increases the rate of embryonic metabolism, lengthens the incubation period and increases embryonic mortality (Kaufman 1938Kaufman 1939Kaufman 1957; Funk 1947). Data collected in the course of other experiments, indicated a possible effect of hatching egg storage upon post-hatching body weights of chickens. This paper reports those findings. PROCEDURES AND RESULTS The study involved four experiments: Experiment 1. In 1956, one male and ten female White Rocks were placed in each of nine single-sire mating pens. The eggs were stored for 1–7, 8–14 and 15–21 days before incubation. At hatching, all the progeny of each dam were placed in one of three brooder houses. At nine weeks of age the chickens were individually weighed. The …
On two-state completely isolated probabilistic sequential machines

In this paper, a broader class of isolated probabilistic sequential machines (PSM) called the completely isolated machine, which includes the absolutely isolated machine ( Yasui and Yajima, 1970 ; Tan, 1972 ) as a subclass, is introduced. It is demonstrated that the condition for isolation given in Yasui and Yajima (1970), Two-state two-symbol probabilistic automata, Inform. Contr. 16, 203–224 and Tan (1972), On two-state isolated probabilistic automata, Inform. Contr. 21, 483–495 is unnecessarily conservative. New conditions for determining the isolated property of a PSM are presented. It is shown that an isolated machine satisfying the new conditions may not satisfy the condition proposed by Yasui, Yajima, and Tan. An algorithm for synthesizing completely isolated PSM with any level of approximation is presented.
The use of chromium(III) and cobalt(III) complexes of adenosine diphosphate to elucidate the catalytic mechanisms of creatine kinase

Abstract Complexes of the type α,β-bidentate Cr(H2O)4-n− (NH3nADP (for n = 0, 3, 4) and Co(H2O)4-m− (NH3m (for m = 3, 4) have been used over the pH range 5.5 to 7.8 to probe the chemical mechanism of rabbit muscle creatine kinase. In addition, V, V/K and Km values have been obtained for the normal substrate, MgADP, over the same pH range. The cobalt and chromium nucleotides were synthesized following the procedures given in ref. 1–5. Separation of the diasteromers into Λ and Δ screw sense isomers was by cycloheptaamylose chromatography (pH 5.5, 4°C, 10 mM MES, 2.5 cm × 2 m). The first band of the column (Δ isomer) was used in all inhibition studies. Kinetic assays with creatine kinase used the hexokinase-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase coupled assay in which the appearance of NADPH at 340 nm was monitored. The pH was maintained with 50 mM MES buffer between pH 5.5–6.8 while 50mM HEPES was used from pH 7.0–7.8. No buffer effects were observed. All of the cobalt and chromium nucleotides acted as competitive inhibitors versus MgADP and were fit to the equation v = VS/{K(1 + I/Kis) + S}. The Kis and Km values for the metal nucleotides as a function of pH are shown in Fig. 1. The data indicated that metal-nucleotide binding to the enzyme is strongest below an approximate pK of 6.4. This pK is not associated with the metal nucleotide complexes nor a binding group of the enzyme. It appears that the pK of the acid-base catalyst (thought to be histidine [6] is about 6.4 in the absence of nucleotide, and is raised to about 7.2 in the presence of a nucleotide, presumably as a result of a protein conformation change which allows a hydrogen bond to form between the histidine and the phosphorylated nitrogen of creatine phosphate. This change in pK upon nucleotide binding necessarily causes tighter nucleotide binding at low pH. Additionally, it is observed that chromium nucleotide are bound more strongly than the analogous cobalt nucleotide and that the binding affinity decreases as ammonia ligands are substituted for water in the metal coordination sphere.
Temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion of single-mode optical fiber

Effects of temperature on transmission characteristics of optical fibers have been widely investigated.1 However. to the best of our knowledge, very little information has been reported on the temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion in single-mode fibers. Shibata et al.2 presented material dispersion characteristics of pure and germanium-doped silica glasses in a high-temperature range, but these data were based on refractive-index measurements of glass blocks. The temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion for single-mode fibers, in a temperature range from-60 to 150°C, is presented.
Black Biblical Interpretation and Near Eastern Archaeology

Near Eastern archaeology is an essential part of biblical studies. Archaeological data can illuminate past lifeways, provide information regarding past religious and secular practices, and assist in textual exegesis and interpretation. These same data, however, can and have been misused and misunderstood. Thus, the study of archaeological data, like textual analysis, must be approached with proper methodology. This paper discusses Black biblical interpretation (with focus on the Hebrew Bible) and Near Eastern archaeology. The discussion will briefly explore how scholars have employed archaeological data to interpret persons of African descent in what is known as the biblical past, the use of archaeological data in exegesis and interpretation of the biblical text, and offer suggestions regarding how these approaches can be employed in future research. The corpus of scholarship will include work from Charles B. Copher, Cheikh Diop, W. E. B. Dubois, and others.
Mentoring nontraditional undergraduate students: a case study in higher education

The purpose of this study was to investigate an institution that has mandated mentoring as part of its mission and to examine students’ perceptions of the mentoring received. The author selected Empire State College (ESC), a college that is part of the State of New York University system in the United States. Empire State is an institution with a 36‐year history of mentoring nontraditional students. The current study represents a follow‐up to a prior study that examined the faculty’s definitions and theories of mentoring at the same institution. Study results reported herein revealed significant differences in alumni’s perceptions of and experiences with the mentoring they received at ESC across the spectrum of gender, race, field of study and age.
Bile pigment studies. VII: New syntheses of biliverdin-IXα dimethyl ester and two related mono-vinyl-mono-ethyl isomers

Abstract Using the recently developed route through di-t-butyl b-bilene-1,19-dicarboxylates, new syntheses of biliverdin-IXα dimethyl ester (1) and two related mono-vinyl-mono-ethyl isomers (2) and (3), are described. The two dihydro-derivatives of (1) are important in connection with biosynthetic studies of the origin of algal biliproteins.
Bio-inspired colorimetric detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+ heavy metal ions using Au nanoparticles

Heavy metal ions are highly toxic species which can cause long-term damage to biological systems. These species are known to disrupt biological events at the cellular level, cause significant oxidative damage, and are carcinogens. The production of simple, in-field detection methods that are highly sensitive for these cations is highly desirable in response to global pollution. In that regard, bio-inspired colorimetric sensing systems have been developed to detect Hg2+ and Pb2+, and other cations, down to nmol L−1 concentrations. The benefits of these systems, which are reviewed herein, include cost-effective production, facile usage, and a visual color change for the detection method. Such advantages are significant positive steps for heavy metal ion detection, especially in regions where sophisticated laboratory studies are prohibited.
Primary and Lateral Root Development of Dark‐ and Light‐Grown Cotton Seedlings under Salinity Stress*

Primary root growth dynamics and lateral root development of dark- and light grown cotton seedlings (Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. Acala SJ-2) were studied under control and salinity stress conditions. The seedlings were grown by two methods: A) in paper-lined, vermiculite-filled beakers with the plants growing between the paper and the glass wall (Gladish and Rost, 1993), and B) in hydroponics after germination and initial growth in germination paper rolls saturated with the treatment solutions (Kent and Lauchli, 1985). After germination, daily primary root elongation rate gradually incrased to a maximum, then gradually declined to close to zero for dark-grown seedlings, or to sustained rates of about 10 mm per day for light-grown control plants. Salinity stress delayed primary root growth and reduced peak elongation rates, without changing the general primary root growth pattern. These results suggest that salinity changed the time-scale, but did not modify the normal developmental sequence. Lateral root growth was more inhibited by salinity than primary root growth. In addition, elongation of lateral roots was more inhibited by salinity than their initiation and emergence. Light exposure of the shoot favored both sustained primary root growth from 7 days after planting, and lateral root emergence and growth. Salinity effects were more severe on seedlings germinated and grown in hydroponics (method B) than on vermiculite-grown plants (method A). These results emphasize the importance of growing conditions for the NaCl-induced effects on cotton root development. In addition, the differential effects of salinity on primary and lateral roots became evident, pointing to diverse control mechanisms for the development of these root types.
International joint ventures: Theoretical considerations

This paper constructs models to investigate the rationale for a multinational corporation to enter into a joint venture to serve a host market. In particular, the model examines the impact of profit sharing, cost reductions, risk reductions, and competition reductions on the profits of international joint ventures. The results may explain the ‘recent’ popularity of international joint ventures. The models show that (1) a joint venture is the dominant entry strategy when there is a formidable local competitor and the risks of operation are high, (2) a wholly owned subsidiary is preferred if a multinational corporation has a significant cost advantage, (3) a joint venture is preferred to a wholly owned subsidiary if significant cost reductions can be achieved through combining the strengths of a multinational corporation and a local firm, and (4) multiple licensing is preferred if the number of local firms is large.
Extent of ST-segment resolution after fibrinolysis adds improved risk stratification to clinical risk score for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Background The TIMI risk score (TRS) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a convenient validated clinical risk score for predicting mortality. Although not part of the risk score, ST-segment resolution (STRes) may provide a simple method of risk stratification based on the response to reperfusion. We sought to determine whether STRes provides incremental risk stratification to the TIMI risk score. Methods The Clopidogrel as Adjunctive Reperfusion Therapy—Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infraction (CLARITY-TIMI 28) trial randomized STEMI patients receiving fibrinolysis to clopidogrel or placebo. A total of 2,340 patients had electrocardiograms (ECGs) valid to calculate STRes at 90 minutes, which was defined as complete (>70%), partial (30%-70%), or no resolution (30%). TRS was defined as low (0-2), medium (3-4), and high (≥5). Clinical follow-up was through 30 days. Results were validated in 2,743 patients from the ExTRACT-TIMI 25 study. Results The degree of STRes at 90 minutes after fibrinolysis correlated in a stepwise fashion with death or heart failure (5.1% complete STRes, 8.9% partial STRes, 13.4% no STRes, P P P P = .012) and NRI ( P Conclusions The extent of STRes based on routinely obtained ECGs is an independent predictor of death and heart failure when used together with the TIMI risk score and significantly improves the ability to risk stratify patients after fibrinolysis.
A Sensor Based Approach For Robot Programming

In this paper an approach is proposed for acquiring location data for robot programming without using the robot itself as a digitizer. It is based on using a non-contact opto-electronic position measurement sensor to register the location data of a suitable target. The target will be positioned appropriately relative to the object of interest by the programmer. This process yields a sequence of locations for the hand-held target from which the desired tool locations relative to the object could be computed. Furthermore, as the sensor used is very fast, it allows a sampling rate that is adequate for capturing data on the trajectory of the hand-held target for subsequent programming of the robot to produce that same trajectory. Finally, the same sensor could be used to monitor the actual robot locations and/or trajectory and to automatically modify the program data to produce the best performance with respect to the data captured. The paper is organized as follows. First, various approaches to robot programming are briefly discussed and their various advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. Second, the approach proposed is presented. Third, implementation details and preliminary experimental results of various tests using the Selspot II system and a PUMA-560 robot are given. Finally, conclusions and an outline of work in progress are given.
Cursor control by Kalman filter with a non-invasive body-machine interface.

Objective. We describe a novel human–machine interface for the control of a two-dimensional (2D) computer cursor using four inertial measurement units (IMUs) placed on the user's upper-body. Approach. A calibration paradigm where human subjects follow a cursor with their body as if they were controlling it with their shoulders generates a map between shoulder motions and cursor kinematics. This map is used in a Kalman filter to estimate the desired cursor coordinates from upper-body motions. We compared cursor control performance in a centre-out reaching task performed by subjects using different amounts of information from the IMUs to control the 2D cursor. Main results. Our results indicate that taking advantage of the redundancy of the signals from the IMUs improved overall performance. Our work also demonstrates the potential of non-invasive IMU-based body–machine interface systems as an alternative or complement to brain–machine interfaces for accomplishing cursor control in 2D space. Significance. The present study may serve as a platform for people with high-tetraplegia to control assistive devices such as powered wheelchairs using a joystick.
Decreased incidence of gap junctions between Chinese hamster V-79 cells upon exposure to the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that metabolic cooperation between Chinese hamster V-79 cells is inhibited by the tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but not by those phorbol esters inactive in tumor promotion. Metabolic cooperation is believed to be mediated by gap junctions. Therefore, in the present study we have used freeze-fracture and quantitative morphological techniques to examine the effect of the most potent tumor-promoting phorbol ester, 12- O -tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and of the inactive analog, 4α-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (4α-PDD) on the frequency of gap-junctional contacts between V-79 cells. In both control and in 4α-PDD treated cultures the junctions were frequent, though rather small in size. In contrast, in the TPA-treated cultures, gap junctions were few, and the area of membrane occupied by gap junctions was reduced more than 20-fold from that found for controls. These results suggest that the TPA-induced inhibition of metabolic cooperation between V-79 cells is a consequence of a decrease in the number of gap junctions.
Scattering from Inhomogeneous Cylindrically Symmetric Lenses with a Line Infinity in the Index of Refraction

The scattered electromagnetic field is computed from a cylindrically symmetric lens. The lens is inhomogeneous in the radial direction with the index of refraction possessing a line infinity on the axis of symmetry. At the very-high-frequency limit, the leading terms of the asymptotic expansion for the back-scattered field are obtained by considering the Watson transformation of the exact solution. Geometrical optics can be used reliably to predict the back-scattered field as contrasted to the case of a point singularity in the index of refraction.
Literary Fantasy and Postmodern Theology

AN IMPORTANT ASPECT of the modem search for identity has been the mapping to the limits and structures of human consciousness and experience by the humanities and the sciences. This exploration employs a modernist metaphysics, which posits the fundamental duality of the real and the fantastic. According to this metaphysics, to identify an entity as fantasic-a character in a fictional story, a monster in a nightmare'is to give it a special relationship to reality. For modernism, the fantastic belongs to the realm of the non-real, to which nonbelief is the appropriate response. This exclusion of the fantastic (the dream, the fiction, the lie) from reality makes modernist truth possible. This metaphysics establishes an authority in terms of which proper critical discourse can occur.
Determinants of self-rated health and the role of acculturation: implications for health inequalities.

ObjctivesSelf-rated health (SRH) is an important indicator of overall health, predicting morbidity and mortality. This paper investigates what individuals incorporate into their self-assessments of health and how acculturation plays a part in this assessment. The relationship of acculturation to SRH and whether it moderates the association between indicators of health and SRH is also examined.DesignThe paper is based on data from adults in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, living in the greater Boston area (n=1357) mean age 57.2 (SD = 7.6). We used multiple regression analysis and testing for moderation effects.ResultsThe strongest predictors of poor SRH were the number of existing medical conditions, functional problems, allostatic load and depressive symptoms. Poor SRH was also associated with being female, fewer years of education, heavy alcohol use, smoking, poverty, and low emotional support. More acculturated Puerto Rican adults rated their health more positively, which corresponded to better in...
Increasing Acquaintanceship and Complementarity of Behavioral Styles and Personality Traits Among College Roommates

Robert Carson's principle of complementarity asserts that the behavioral styles of interaction partners tend to complement each other by encouraging individuals to act opposite in terms of dominance and similar in terms of warmth. The principles of complementarity further hypothesize that as relationships progress through multiple interactions, the behavioral styles of its members will be altered to increase complementarity. To examine this acquaintanceship hypothesis, the behavioral styles and personalities of 102 college roommate dyads were assessed after living together for 2 weeks and again after living together for 15 weeks. Consistent with the acquaintanceship hypothesis, after 2 weeks the behavioral styles of roommates did not complement each other; however, after 15 weeks, the behavioral styles of roommates strongly complemented each other. In contrast to the change in complementarity observed in roommates' behavioral styles, participants' perceptions of their own personalities were relatively unaffected by the personalities of their roommates.
Simulations of warm tropical conditions with application to middle Pliocene atmospheres

During the early and mid-Pliocene, the period from 5 to 3 million years ago, approximately, the Earth is believed to have been significantly warmer than it is today, but the reasons for the higher temperatures are unclear. This paper explores the impact of recent findings that suggest that, at that time, cold surface waters were absent from the tropical and subtropical oceanic upwelling zones. El Nino was in effect a perennial rather than intermittent phenomenon, and sea surface temperatures in low latitudes were essentially independent of longitude. When these conditions are specified as the lower boundary condition for an atmospheric GCM, we find that the trade winds along the equator, and hence the Walker Circulation, collapse. The low-level stratus clouds in low latitudes diminish greatly, thus reducing the albedo of the Earth. The atmospheric concentration of water vapor increases, and enhanced latent heat release due to stronger evaporation warms up the tropical atmosphere, particularly between 40°S and 20°N. Moreover, teleconnection patterns from the Pacific induce a warming over North America that is enhanced by surface albedo feedback, a process that may have helped to maintain this region ice-free before 3 Ma. The results presented here indicate that the suggested absence of cold surface waters from the tropical and subtropical oceanic upwelling zones could have contributed significantly to the Pliocene warmth.
Polarization of protons scattered from deuterons

Abstract The polarization of protons elastically scattered from deuterons was measured by observing the left-right ratio when the polarized proton beam from the Wisconsin tandem accelerator was scattered from a gaseous deuterium target. Measurements were carried out in the energy range from 3 MeV to 10 MeV and at the centre-of-mass angles of 66.3°, 85.9°, 104.0°, 120.0° and 141.8°. The polarization is positive at all angles and energies measured. In the forward hemisphere the polarization is almost independent of bombarding energy and less than 0.08. At 10 MeV a maximum in the polarization of 0.15 was observed at 120°. For most of the measurements the uncertainty in the measured polarization is 0.01 or less.
Land Reform in the Time of Neoliberalism: A Many‐Splendored Thing

Abstract: Over the past 20 years, land reform – defined here as the redistribution of land from large to small properties – has emerged as an important political issue in the Global South. Actors with widely differing ideological perspectives have claimed land reform as central to their political, social and economic platforms. In this paper, I compare reforms championed under the neoliberal auspices of the World Bank (the so-called Market Led Agrarian Reforms) with those supported by popular grassroots actors such as the Movement of Landless Workers (the MST) in Brazil. I argue that although these two approaches to land reform are often considered antithetical to one another, they share a common theoretical foundation. Both are rooted in a labor theory of property that attributes the fruits of one's labor to the laborer. Where the two differ is in their interpretation of the “original sin” through which land and labor came to be misaligned: neoliberal actors see the state as the key source of land-related inefficiency while popular grassroots actors identify the market as the key source. I analyze case material from northeastern Brazil and suggest that the institutionalization of the labor theory of property (across civil society, state and market in the region) has generated insecurities for new land reform beneficiaries who must protect their property rights with visible evidence of their productivity.
Immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.

The outlook for patients with colorectal cancer has improved considerably in the past decade with the development and widespread use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage III colon cancer or stages II or III rectal cancer; the introduction of effective new agents such as irinotecan and oxaliplatin; and the development of oral fluoropyrimidines, which offer the advantage of continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU without the need for indwelling catheters and infusion pumps. Despite these advances, new therapeutic approaches are desperately needed for patients with this disease. Several recent publications suggest that immunotherapy may soon emerge as another modality of treatment likely to benefit patients with early-stage disease or low tumor burdens.
Characterizing the value of predictive analytics in facilitating hospital patient flow

We apply discrete event simulation to characterize the patient flow affects of using admission predictions and current state information, generated in an Emergency Department (ED), to influence the prioritization of inpatient unit (IU) physicians between treating and discharging IU patients. Shared information includes crowding levels and total expected bed need (based on the sum of individual patients’ imperfect admission predictions and perfect admission predictions). It is found that sharing prediction and crowding information to influence inpatient staff priorities, using specific information sensitivity schedules, can result in statistically significant (p ≪ 0.05) reductions in boarding time (between 11.69% and 18.38% compared to baseline performance). The range of improvement is dependent on varying simulated hospital configurations.
Designing nanoparticle treatment of autoimmunity with quantitative biology

present a mathe-matical model of a peptide-major histo-compatibility complex (pMHC)-nanoparticle(NP)-based therapy for Type 1 diabetes(T1D) to understand and optimize treat-ment conditions in the non-obese diabetic(NOD) mice. This model exempliﬁes boththe surprising behavior of nonlinear systemsand the power of quantitative biology inmedicine.Defects in memory autoregulatory CD8
Renin Reactivity in Plasma of Patients with Normal Renin and Low Renin Essential Hypertension

Plasma renin reactivity (PRR) is the rate of angiotensin generation in vitro after addition of exogenous renin to plasma. To evaluate the hypothesis that suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA) in patients with low renin essential hypertension may be related to an alteration of the kinetics of the in vitro renin reaction, PRR was compared in plasma of patients with low renin and normal renin essential hypertension. Prostaglandin A (PGA) inhibits renin, and PGA was also measured to determine if suppressed PRA may be related to increased PGA. Low renin and normal renin hypertension were defined by comparing PRA responses of 30 hypertensive patients and 16 matched control subjects to upright posture and furosemide (80 mg p.o.). Nine of 30 patients had low PRA. Compared to that in plasma of patients with normal renin hypertension, PRR was suppressed (P < 0.005) during 30, 60, and 180 min incubations in the low renin patients. Overall, in the hypertensive patients, there was a significant positive correlation (...
Skin and soft tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone

Until recently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has caused predominantly healthcare-associated infections. We studied MRSA infections and overall skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in outpatients receiving care at the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center Emergency Care Service during 2001–2005. We found an increase in MRSA infections, from 0.2 to 5.9 per 1,000 visits (p 80% of MRSA infections were caused by USA300. In addition, SSTI visits increased from 20 to 61 per 1,000 visits (p<0.01). The proportion of SSTI cultures that yielded MRSA increased from 4% to 42% (p<0.01), while the proportion that yielded methicillin-sensitive S. aureus remained the same (10% to 13%, p = 0.5). The increase in community-associated MRSA infections and the overall increase in SSTIs in our population suggest that USA300 is becoming more virulent and has a greater propensity to cause SSTIs.
Determination of polyanionic macromolecules by size-exclusion chromatography

This report presents an extension of a method developed for determination of dextran sulfate in rat serum. The drug is a negatively charged polysaccharide with a molecular mass of 8000. It is fractionated by molecular size and separated from serum components by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. Sensitive detection is achieved by the post-column complexation of the analyte with 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB). A metachromatic complex is formed; the absorbance maximum of the complex is shifted from that of the free dye. Various glycosaminoglycans and other macromolecular polyanions interact with DMMB. Several can be determined using the chromatographic conditions developed for dextran sulfate. The method provides a simple procedure for quantitation of these compounds. Compared to spectrophotometric assays, less sample preparation is required, selectivity is enhanced, and molecular mass information is provided. With modification of eluent composition, dye concentration, and detection wavelength, the method can be validated for determination of additional compounds.
Ionization in liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS)

The ionization processes in fast atom bombardment (FAB) are reviewed. The subjects covered include the ionization processes in the collision cascade, the nature of preformed ions in the liquid surface, the desorption process, the distinction between prompt and delayed chemistry, reactions of secondary electrons, ion-ion recombination and ionic cluster formation, ion-molecule reactions in the selvedge and preformed ion formation. Finally, the ejection of multiply charged ions and prompt reduction processes are briefly discussed. It is considered that the initial collision cascade ionization processes in FAB are similar to those observed in radiation chemistry
Empirical studies of entry and exit: A survey of the evidence

Over 70 empirical studies of entry and exit patterns covering eleven different countries generally support the expectation that entry is more frequent in more profitable, rapidly growing industries, and slower where the absolute costs of capital required to build a minimum efficient scale plant are imposing. Scale economies, excess capacity, and limit pricing receive little empirical support as entry impediments. The evidence concerning the effects of advertising and R&D intensity is confusing. Exit is faster where profits are lower, and slower where durable specific (sunk) capital costs are more important. Exit and entry are strongly correlated, probably due to displacement (of incumbents by more efficient entrants) and vacuum effects (in which entrants are enticed by the prospects of selling to uncommitted customers abandoned by a recent exit).
The effect of milk co-digested with dairy manure on biogas production and COD removal in batch processes

Co-digestion of dairy manure with milk for biogas production was investigated in this study using batch experiments. Lab-scale digesters consisting of 500 mL flasks were employed (effective working volume: 300 mL) with temperature controlled at 37 degrees C. A total of eight treatments at different milk additions were examined, i.e., control (without milk), 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, and 19%. The results showed that the cumulative biogas volume produced over the experimental period increased from around 4984 mL for the control to 10,228 mL for the 19% treatment. In parallel, the cumulative CH4 volume produced increased from 3306 mL to 6515 mL in the same treatment percentages. The high milk chemical oxygen demand (COD) had no negative impact on the final COD removal by the digestion process, evidenced by the observed good efficiencies of COD removal by 49.7, 50.5, 58.7, 49.0, 62.1, 68.4, 73.4, and 77.8% for the control, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, and 19% milk treatments. This clearly indicated that COD removal was improved with the increasing milk content in the co-digestion process. There was a good linear relationship between the peak biogas production rates and the increasing milk treatments, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9930 (R2=0.9861), meaning that about 98.6% of the increase in peak biogas production rate could be explained by the milk addition. The study has provided useful information that it is feasible and beneficial to enhance the overall biogas and CH4 productivities by batch co-digesting dairy manure with milk.
Yare's Anger: Conformity and Rage in the Field

South Dakota may be divided into three sections: 1, the eastern section lying east of the 98th meridian; 2, the central section between the 98th and the 100th meridians; and 3, the western section located west of the 100th meridian and, for the greater part, west of the Missouri River. The eastern section is in the tall prairie-grass belt characterized by a black humus soil and an annual rainfall ranging from 22 to 30 inches. A diversified or intensive farm economy prevails. This section is distinctly not a problem area. It comprises one-fifth of the physical area of the State and contains 40 percent of the total population. The central section is the transitional area. Because of the problems it presents, it may be regarded as the eastern edge of the Great Plains proper. It is, in fact, so regarded by President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Great Plains Committee in its report, The Future of the Great Plains.2 Here the climatic, soil, and vegetal characteristics that set off the Great Plains blend into the features of the intensive farming or the prairie belt. The soil is less rich in humus, organic matter, and nitrogen; the rainfall averages from 20 to 22 inches; and the tall prairie grasses merge into the buffalo and grama grasses of the plains. This section comprises one-third of the State's total area and 40 per? cent of its population. Its farming pattern ranges from the cash-crop system of the eastern section to the grazing economy in the western section. Maladjustments in crop farming have been most serious in this area. The section west of the 100th meridian lies in the Great Plains proper. Al? though this western section constitutes 45 percent of the total area, it maintains less than 20 percent of the total population of the State. The Black Hills are not properly a part of the Great Plains physiography and shall be deemed outside the scope of this study. This section lies west of the Missouri River. In its unglaciated form, it reveals buttes, sand hills, badlands, and eastward sloping plains cut by deep narrow valleys; consequently a large portion of the land is not tillable. All the characteristics of the Great Plains prevail. The rainfall ranges from 10 to 20 inches. Only two counties outside the Black Hills area have as many as 5 inhabitants to the square mile, and these have a large Indian population; four counties have less than 2 persons per square mile. South Dakota is a young State. The span of years since its earliest settle? ment is relatively short, the first permanent settlers having arrived in 1859. Prior to 1889, the year of statehood, the occupation and settlement by whites
Magnetic Resonance for Nonrotating Fields

A treatment of the magnetic resonance is given for a particle with spin \textonehalf{} in a constant field ${H}_{0}$ and under the action of an arbitrary alternating field with circular frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ perpendicular to ${H}_{0}$. A method of finding a solution, valid at any time, is given which converges the better the smaller the deviations from a rotating field or the larger ${H}_{0}$. It is shown that in the lowest order correction the shape of the resonance curve is unchanged but that it is shifted by a percentage amount $\frac{{{H}_{1}}^{2}}{16 {{H}_{0}}^{2}}$ where ${H}_{1}$ is the effective amplitude of the oscillating field. This also involves a correction in the values of the magnetic moments thus obtained towards smaller values which however in all practical cases is negligibly small.
TP53 mutations in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma and concurrent pelvic high-grade serous carcinoma--evidence supporting the clonal relationship of the two lesions.

The proposal that serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is the precursor of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is based on several lines of investigation [1,2]. First, STICs are found in approximately 10–15% of Fallopian tubes removed prophylactically from women at high risk of developing ovarian carcinoma because of a germline BRCA mutation. Second, STICs are detected in 50–60% of cases of sporadic (without germline mutations of BRCA) ovarian, tubal,and so-called primary peritoneal HGSCs [3,4]. Third, STICs frequently up-regulate oncogene products, such as cyclin E1, Rsf-1, and fatty acid synthase, that are also overexpressed in HGSC [5]. Fourth, STICs have relatively shorter telomeres compared with concurrent ovarian HGSC, as occurs with precursor lesions in other sites. Finally, in a small series of five cases, STICs and concurrent ovarian HGSCs, the same TP53mutations were detected in STICs and HGSCs [12], indicating a potential clonal relationship. Besides exploiting the presence of TP53 mutations in STIC and HGSC as a method of showing a clonal relationship, detection of TP53 mutations in tissue specimens has utility in confirming the histological diagnosis of STIC since it has been reported that TP53 mutations occur in over 95% of ovarian HGSCs [6,7]. For histological diagnosis, however, detection of mutated TP53 is not practical and therefore immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein has been used as a surrogate marker. There have been only a few studies correlating p53 expression with TP53 mutation in ovarian HGSC [8–11] and none that we are aware of in STICs. Accordingly, we undertook the present study of STICs with concurrent pelvic HGSCs in order to (1) confirm a clonal relationship of STIC with HGSC in a relatively large series of cases, and (2) clarify the relationship of immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein with the mutational status of the TP53 gene.
The predicament of firms in the new and old economies: a critical inquiry into traditional binaries in the study of the space-economy:

Working with the assumption that the social and the material are mutually embedded, this article suggests that actors in the business world tend to separate social from material concerns despite th...
URSI-Istanbul: Precision radio science for planetary gravity, atmospheric and surface investigations

Tradition Radio Science techniques utilizing microwave links between spacecraft and ground stations have successfully lead to numerous discoveries. However, limitations on the received Signal-Noise-Ratio or geometrical coverage necessitate alternate observation configurations and new instrumentation. Spacecraft-to-spacecraft observations have significant SNR advantage over the traditional technique and can yield considerably improved geometrical coverage. These observations have been rarely carried out before because a special receiver is required onboard the spacecraft. One type of such open-loop receiver has been utilized on GRACE and will be utilized on GRAIL for precision measurements of the gravitational fields of the Earth and the Moon, respectively. A Different receiver type is onboard the New Horizons mission for an uplink occultation of Plutos atmosphere. Yet another prototype instrument onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and has been used to demonstrate spacecraft-to-spacecraft radio science experiments with the Odyssey spacecraft. A new digital open-loop receiver specifically designed to meet the requirements of an occultation experiment has been prototyped for flight on the Europa Jupiter System Missions to the Jovian system, i.e., a Europa orbiter and a Ganymede orbiter. This instrument can be used to achieve multiple scientific including occultations of the atmosphere and ionosphere of Jupiter, occultations of the tenuous atmospheres and ionospheres of the Jovian satellites, occultations of the tenuous Jovian rings, and bistatic scattering from surfaces of the satellites. This paper will discuss the functional instrumentation under development as well as the potential achievable scientific investigations.