cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structuring interviews with experts during knowledge elicitation

We have developed interviewing techniques for knowledge elicitation based on (1) relevant research and techniques from the social sciences, (2) the nature of expertise, (3) a desire to assist a knowledge engineer to avoid reductive bias, one of the pitfalls associated with the acquisition of highly complex concepts, and (4) the desirability of de-coupling elicitation from implementation. the approach consists of four phases with guidelines for questions suited to each stage. First, the descriptive elicitation stage is intended to reveal the important entities and concepts in the domain as reflected in the terms and specialized language used by the expert. A second stage, structured expansion, is designed to probe the relationships between the domain concepts and the organization of the expert's knowledge using the terminology uncovered in the previous stage. the scripting phase relies on the declarative knowledge found through the two previous stages to discover procedural knowledge, and the final component, validation, is important throughout the process of knowledge elicitation to ensure that the knowledge being elicited is correct and adequate to enable a system in which it is implemented to solve the class of problems with which it is concerned. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the fatty acid composition of hepatic and plasma bioactive lipids in C57BL/6 mice: a lipidomic approach.

Background Omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are converted to bioactive lipid components that are important mediators in metabolic and physiological pathways; however, which bioactive compounds are metabolically active, and their mechanisms of action are still not clear. We investigated using lipidomic techniques, the effects of diets high in n-3 PUFA on the fatty acid composition of various bioactive lipids in plasma and liver. Methodology and Principal Findings Female C57BL/6 mice were fed semi-purified diets (20% w/w fat) containing varying amounts of n-3 PUFA before mating, during gestation and lactation, and until weaning. Male offspring were continued on their mothers’ diets for 16 weeks. Hepatic and plasma lipids were extracted in the presence of non-naturally occurring internal standards, and tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry methods were used to measure the fatty acyl compositions. There was no significant difference in total concentrations of phospholipids in both groups. However, there was a significantly higher concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid containing phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and cholesteryl esters (CE) (p < 0.01) in the high n-3 PUFA group compared to the low n-3 PUFA group in both liver and plasma. Plasma and liver from the high n-3 PUFA group also had a higher concentration of free n-3 PUFA (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of different fatty acyl species of phosphatidylethanolamine, triglycerides, sphingomyelin and ceramides. Conclusions/Significance Our findings reveal for the first time that a diet high in n-3 PUFA caused enrichment of n-3 PUFA in PC, LPC, CE and free fatty acids in the plasma and liver of C57BL/6 mice. PC, LPC, and unesterified free n-3 PUFA are important bioactive lipids, thus altering their fatty acyl composition will have important metabolic and physiological roles.
Automatic target recognition field demonstration using a grayscale optical correlator

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has recently developed a camcorder-sized grayscale optical correlator (GOC) for real- time automatic target recognition applications. Key features of this GOC include: a grayscale input SLM to accommodate direct interface with the input imaging sensor, a real-valued (bipolar-amplitude) filter spatial light modulator to enable use of a MACH (Maximum Average Correlation Height) composite correlation filter algorithm, compact and portable. This GOC architecture has greatly improved the system complexity by removing the need of preprocess (binarization) the input, and the powerful MACH composite filter has greatly reduced the number of filter templates. Updating of the GOC system will be described in this paper, a recent real-time field demonstration for target recognition and tracking at Mojave Desert, CA will also be reported.
Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies off Baja California: A Possible Precursor of ENSO

AbstractMany recent studies have shown that observed El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are spatially and temporally diverse and that they have undergone changes in characteristics. To quantitatively capture these features, multidimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition (MEEMD) is employed to isolate the temporal–spatial evolution of the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) on naturally separated time scales. An alternative Nino-3.4 index is also defined to reflect more on the interannual variability of equatorial Pacific SSTAs. Using this alternative index, 27 ENSO warm events are identified and the spatial–temporal evolution of each event is examined. It is found that a patch of SSTAs off Baja California appears to extend southwestward and reach the equatorial region near the international date line in about 1 year. This warm signal then amplifies and extends eastward, developing into an ENSO warm event. This type of development has been dominant in recent decades. For this type of ...
A spectral representation for the class of band-limited functions

Abstract In this paper, we give an optimal estimation procedure for the class of band-limited signals. Wegman (1984) suggested a generalized framework for optimal nonparametric function estimation. This framework involves the specification of a class of admissible functions and the specification of a convex objective functional. In this paper, we propose an admissible space of estimators for the class of band-limited broadband signals as a subspace of an appropriate Hilbert space. Specifically, the property of absolute continuity is built into this subspace, which we model as a Sobolev space. We also propose an objective functional which contains a penalty functional for out-of-band energy. It is shown that under this setting, the optimal estimator for the class of broadband signals is a subclass of generalized L-spline functions. Because certain classes of wavelets span the Sobolev space, the optimal solution may be written in terms of a wavelet basis. The signal estimation problem is close analog to the nonparametric regression problem; Eubank (1988) is an excellent source for a general treatment of splines and their use in the statistical nonparametric regression setting. Our treatment here is based on functional analytic framework; Hutson and Pym (1980) is an excellent general reference for the Hilbert space and functional analytic discussions in this paper.
Subcellular distribution of methylmalonyl CoA carbonylmutase in human liver extracts.

Abstract Methylmalonyl CoA carbonylmutase activity was demonstrated in both the mitochondrial and soluble portions of fractionated human liver cells. NADP-specific isocitric dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase were used as markers to ascertain the integrity of the isolated fractions. The presence of the MM-mutase in the soluble portion of the cell may explain the apparent succinyl CoA deficiency observed in a patient suffering from MM-emia. This allows the postulation that the pathway from propionyl CoA to succinyl CoA, the last step requiring MM-mutase, may be of more than mere catabolic significance and that there may be a cytoplasmic requirement for succinyl CoA that can only be provided by normal levels of enzyme of propionate metabolism. Preliminary kinetic studies failed to disclose any dissimilarity between fetal, infant, and adult liver MM-mutase.
Flow-regulatory function of upper airway in health and disease: A unified pathogenetic view of sleep-disordered breathing

Although the Starling resistor behavior of the upper airway during sleep has been well established in health and disease, its physiological implications have not been fully appreciated. The purposes of the present communication are to reassess the current state of knowledge within the framework of the Starling resistor concept and to examine the implications of the concept on homeostatic feedback respiratory control and the pathogenesis of the sleep apnea syndrome. The main inferences drawn from the assessment include: (1) Owing to the Starling resistor properties of the upper airway and the well-organized neurochemical control mechanism, the upper airway performs important homeostatic flow regulatory function; it appopriately dampens the potentially unstable breathing during sleep and prevents the PaCO2 from falling below the apneic threshold; (2) Under certain conditions, the upper airway flow regulatory function fails to achieve appropriate dampening, leading to development of a variety of sleep-related breathing disorders that include underdamping due to overly sensitive central chemoresponsiveness and/or excessive lung to chemoreceptor transport lag—central sleep apnea; overdamping due to upper airway obstructive dysfunction-obstructive sleep apnea and/or hypopnea; and, finally, conditions with mixed features of central underdamping with coexisting collapsible upper airway; and (3) Successful treatment of these conditions requires restoration of appropriate damping. The overdamping imposed by the faulty upper airway is effectively reduced by surgical and medical approaches, and by application of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Reduction of PaCO2 by use of acetalzolamide and/or aminophylline reduces the plant gain, thus effectively offsetting the underdamping of central origin. Owing to the dual effect of nasal CPAP on the upper airway and respiratory pump, use of nasal CPAP can also effectively reduce the plant gain, accounting for the therapeutic effect of nasal CPAP on the central sleep apnea.
Bisphenol A exposure and behavioral problems among inner city children at 7-9 years of age.

Abstract Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine disrupting compound. Several experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that gestational BPA exposure can lead to neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems in early-life, but results have been inconsistent. We previously reported that prenatal BPA exposure may affect child behavior and differently among boys and girls at ages 3–5 years. Objectives We investigated the association of prenatal and early childhood BPA exposure with behavioral outcomes in 7–9 year old minority children and hypothesized that we would observe the same sex-specific pattern observed at earlier ages. Methods African-American and Dominican women enrolled in an inner-city prospective cohort study and their children were followed from mother’s pregnancy through children’s age 7–9 years. Women during the third trimester of pregnancy and children at ages 3 and 5 years provided spot urine samples. BPA exposure was categorized by tertiles of BPA urinary concentrations. The Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) was administered at ages 7 and 9 to assess multiple child behavior domains. Associations between behavior and prenatal (maternal) BPA concentrations and behavior and postnatal (child) BPA concentration were assessed via Poisson regression in models stratified by sex. These models accounted for potential confounders including prenatal or postnatal urinary BPA concentrations, child age at CBCL assessment, ethnicity, gestational age, maternal intelligence, maternal education and demoralization, quality of child’s home environment, prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and prenatal mono-n-butyl phthalate concentration. Results The direction of the associations differed between boys and girls. Among boys ( n =115), high prenatal BPA concentration (upper tertile vs. lower two tertiles) was associated with increased internalizing ( β =0.41, p β =0.40, p β =−0.17, p =0.04) ( n =135). After accounting for possible selection bias, the results remained consistent for boys. Conversely, high postnatal BPA concentration was associated with increased behaviors on both the internalizing composite ( β =0.30, p =0.0002) and externalizing composite scores ( β =0.33, p Conclusion These results suggest BPA exposure may affect childhood behavioral outcomes in a sex-specific manner and differently depending on timing of exposure.
1986 Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology Survey.

Abstract Two simultaneous surveys were conducted by the Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology (ARRO). A survey of all residents in Radiation Oncology was conducted to obtain information on trends in residency training. A simultaneous survey of Chief Residents was obtained to determine more specific information on current training programs. Over one-half of residents responded. Eighty-eight percent of respondents were graduates of a North American medical school. Most did at least an internship prior to entering Radiation Oncology and 3 4 of those who did not do a separate internship rotated through other areas at a later time to broaden their knowledge. One-half are Board certified or Board eligible in another specialty or hold a Masters or Ph.D. degree. Three-quarters of all residents had authorship of at least one paper during training and one-half were primary authors. Eighty percent felt adequately prepared for practice after residency. One-half plan at least an initial post-residency affiliation with an academic center. Many were concerned that Radiation Oncologists are not afforded respect equivalent to that of other specialties. Ninety-eight percent favored departmental status for Radiation Oncology. Resident recommendations for improving the image of Radiation Oncology are presented.
The QM protein associates with ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

QM is a human cDNA originally isolated as a transcript elevated in a nontumorigenic Wilms' tumor microcell hybrid, relative to the tumorigenic parental cell line. Homologs of this gene have been identified from a large number of diverse eukaryotic species which demonstrate a high degree of conservation. The functional importance implied by this strong conservation is supported by the observation that the disruption of the yeast homolog is lethal. In spite of its apparent importance, the function of the encoded protein remains elusive. Indirect immunofluorescent cell staining of cultured human, G401 cells with an antibody to the QM protein shows a punctate staining pattern in the cytoplasm with much of the signal in a perinuclear pattern. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated an association of QM protein with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It was possible to disrupt this association by washing microsomal membranes with 1M NaCl, suggesting a peripheral association. Proteolytic latency studies showed the ...
A new approach to infants with severe obstructive uropathy: early complete reconstruction.

Abstract Twenty-one infants under age two years were operated upon for severe obstructive uropathy with hydronephrosis and hydroureter, with the goal of early definitive urinary tract repair. Results of this approach are sufficiently good to recommend it in most babies as being preferred to long-term preliminary drainage of the urinary tract which is practiced widely today. We believe that many children are being permanently diverted who could well have a reconstructive procedure instead. Although the results of this surgery have been extremely good, the magnitude of this undertaking should not be underestimated.
Methanethiol Chemisorption on Cu(110): Chemical and Geometrical Issues Related to Self-Assembly

The adsorption of methanethiol on the clean Cu(110) and the sulfur-passivated Cu(110) surface has been studied with the time-of-flight electron-stimulated desorption ion angular distribution (TOF-ESDIAD) method, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Methanethiol on the clean Cu(110) surface thermally decomposes below 320 K, producing CH4(g) and C2H6(g), leaving the sulfur atom on the surface. A c(2 × 2) LEED pattern was observed at a low coverage of sulfur, and a c(8 × 2) structure developed from the c(2 × 2) phase at the saturation coverage of sulfur. Chemisorbed sulfur acts as a poison for further methanethiol decomposition on the surface. On the sulfur-passivated Cu(110) surface, methanethiol adsorbs dissociatively and produces a methanethiolate layer on the surface. The molecular orientation of CD3S on the sulfur-passivated Cu(110) surface was determined by assessing the C−D bond direction with respect to the surface normal and the crystal azimuths using ...
Developing futuristic product portfolios: A major panacea for the sluggish american industry☆

Abstract American competitiveness is on the decline. This article presents a new concept coined futuristic product portfolio. These are portfolios dealing with product ideas for the future. This new concept if used effectively would enhance the competitiveness of the U.S. firms both at home and abroad. Discussion is centered around developing such a portfolio. Such portfolios are developed in three stages: (1) generating ideas, (2) evaluation, and (3) prioritization. An attempt is made to develop a paradigm that may be used to manage futuristic products.
A role for rec BC nuclease in the distribution of crossovers along unreplicated chromosomes of phage λ

The gam gene of phage λ plays a role in the generation of recombinants in terminal intervals among particles bearing unreplicated chromosomes. Its activity in this regard can be entirely accounted for by the reported ability of the wild type gam product to inactivate the product of the recBC genes of the host cell.
New Class of Magnetoresistance Oscillations: Interaction of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas with Leaky Interface Phonons

The authors report a new type of oscillations in magnetoresistance observed in high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), in GaAs-AIGaAs heterostructures. Being periodic in 1/B these oscillations appear in weak magnetic field (B < 0.3 T) and only in a narrow temperature range (3 K < T < 7 K). Remarkably, these oscillations can be understood in terms of magneto-phonon resonance originating from the interaction of 2DEG and leaky interface-acoustic phonon modes. The existence of such modes on the GaAs:AIGaAs interface is demonstrated theoretically and their velocities are calculated. It is shown that the electron-phonon scattering matrix element exhibits a peak for the phonons carrying momentum q = 2k{sub F} (k{sub F} is the Fermi wave-vector of 2DEG).
On the measurement of thickness in nanoporous materials by EELS

This work discusses thickness measurements in nanoporous MgO using the log-ratio method in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). In heterogeneous nanoporous systems, the method can induce large errors if the strength of excitations at interfaces between pores and the matrix is large. In homogeneous nanoporous systems, on the other hand, the log-ratio method is still valid, but the inelastic scattering mean-free-path is no longer equal to that in the same bulk system.
Infection with an organism of the genus listerella

Summary A case is reported of acute cerebrospinal meningitis with recovery in which the causative organism apparently was a member of the genus Listerella. The morphologic, cultural, and immunologic relationships of this organism to other members of the genus Listerella are described.
Hungarian Horoscopes as a Genre of Postsocialist Transformation

In the mid-1990s in Hungary, astrology publications and horoscopes—along with porn and evangelical literature—were among the Western cultural forms once restricted or banned by the socialist state that were enjoying enormous popular interest. Rather than examine astrology as a religious belief or superstitious practice, I approach it as a particular genre of self-transformation, often regarded as harmless and entertaining but nonetheless having efficacious potential. Drawing on numerous examples from print publications, interviews with professional practitioners and informal discussions, this article makes two observations: first, that readers of horoscopes looked to the divinatory capacity of horoscopes to assist them in making decisions and navigating the uncertain context of the 1990s; second, that as a genre able to shape and constrain subjectivity, horoscopes were instrumental in affecting transformations of normative character, moral codes and worldview from a localist, state-socialist cosmology to ...
The Expanding Repertoire of Circular RNAs

In recent years, reports suggesting a process of exon shuffling and the generation of circular RNAs have not gained wide support because they are inconsistent with the established dogma of linear exon splicing. This debate has now come full circle with evidence proving more definitively the existence of circular RNAs in two recent articles published in the 21 March issue of Nature. These articles describe an abundance of examples of circular RNAs in humans, mice, and Caenorhabditis elegans as well as a plausible mechanism for the function of at least some of these as “microRNA sponges” within a cell.1,2 A microRNA (miRNA) sponge is a sequence that sequesters the available pool of a given miRNA so as to reduce its capacity to act on target genes. However, there is as yet relatively little information on the role that these circular RNAs play in cellular homeostasis or disease, such that one might question why these findings deserve the attention of readers of Molecular Therapy. One might have asked similar questions in the 1990s following the discovery of miRNAs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and RNA interference (RNAi). Although miRNA pathways were once thought to be limited to plants and invertebrates, their importance in normal human development and disease becomes more apparent on almost a weekly basis. Moreover, delivery of short duplex siRNAs or DNA templates capable of producing RNA hairpins that are processed into siRNAs—eliciting robust RNAi-induced gene knockdown and RNAi-based therapies—is now in advanced clinical trials.3,4,5 It is not too much of a stretch to speculate that manipulating endogenous circular RNAs will someday provide novel approaches to treat human disease.
A histological study of the regenerative response in a lizard, Anolis carolinensis

Amputated hyperinnervated Anolis carolinensis limbs were studied histologically at various times from early stages of post-amputational wound healing to formation of mature mounds. Comparable stages of normally innervated amputated limbs were also studied. The sequence of events involved in tissue repair was found to be similar in both groups. The mounded adigital outgrowths which were produced on the hyperinnervated limbs were composed, in 80% of the cases, of large amounts of connective tissue or bone, whereas the other 20% contained primarily nerve fascicles and adipose tissue. The mounds were formed as the result of extensive regeneration of individual tissues without the interposition of a mesenchymatous cell blastema. It was concluded that the regenerative response shown by the hyperinnervated Anolis limb differs from the de novo regeneration seen in urodele amphibians. Whether this hyperinnervation procedure accurately tests the influence of nerve tissue on reptilian limb regeneration is discussed.
Is Investment in Seismic Design / Retrofit Oversold?

Societies have limited resources with which to meet the needs of their members and improve the quality of life. The trade-off decisions of how to invest this money should reflect short-term needs and welfare of citizens as well as the long-term stability of the constructed environment. The professional engineering community has much to offer in these decisions, but sometimes reflects its bias of increased structural lifetimes at the expense of immediate societal needs. This is especially true in the case of seismic risks, where the use of expected consequences can easily mask the multi-attribute issues associated with low probability, high consequence events. Risk issues of trust, dread, degree of voluntariness and epistemic versus aleatoric uncertainty, for instance, are rarely discussed in engineering decision-making committees. Communities are at their essence social constructs, supported by the built environment. This means that community resiliency is very different from structural robustness, and there are even cases where structural failures have afforded the opportunity for reconstruction strategies focused on community enhancement. This paper raises issues of societal trade-offs and risks.
500-MeV pion single-charge exchange on deuterium

Measurements of spectra from the $^{2}\mathrm{H}$(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$,${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$) reaction with a 500 MeV beam have been made from near zero degrees to 90 degrees. A peak corresponding to breakup or quasielastic scattering is observed, and its width, maximum, and differential cross section are reported. Peak shape determinations were also made with the $^{2}\mathrm{H}$(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{+}$,${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$) reaction. Results are compared to recent pion charge exchange data on deuterium at lower pion beam energies. A simple impulse approximation calculation accounts for the data at all angles.
π-Stacking motifs in the crystal structures of bis(phosphine) copper(I) η2-tetrahydroborate complexes

Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of three bis(phosphine) copper(I) tetrahydroborate complexes have been determined at 125 K. Bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) copper(I) tetrahydroborate, (Cy 3 P) 2 Cu(BH 4 ) ( 1 ), bis(tri- p -tolylphosphine) copper(I) tetrahydroborate, ( p -tolyl 3 P) 2 Cu(BH 4 ) ( 2 ) and bis(tri- p -methoxyphenylphosphine) copper(I) tetrahydroborate, ( p -MeO-Ph 3 P) 2 Cu(BH 4 ) ( 3 ) all exhibit a distorted tetrahedral 4-coordinate copper(I) ion. In each structure, the tetrahydroborate ligand is bound to copper through two hydrogen atoms in a bidentate fashion. In the structure of (Cy 3 P) 2 Cu(BH 4 ) ( 1 ) the P–Cu–P bond angle of 132.45(2)° is significantly larger than the corresponding angle in the structures with aryl phosphine ligands, with a P–Cu–P bond angles of 119.91(2)° in ( p -tolyl 3 P) 2 Cu(BH 4 ) ( 2 ) and 121.51(5)° in ( p -MeO-Ph 3 P) 2 Cu(BH 4 ) ( 3 ). The arylphosphine analogs ( p -tolyl 3 P) 2 Cu(BH 4 ) ( 2 ) and ( p -MeO-Ph 3 P) 2 Cu(BH 4 ) ( 3 ) display intramolecular face-to-face π-stacking interactions between an aryl group from each coordinated phosphine, at centroid-to-centroid distances of 3.768(1) and 3.581(3) A, respectively, while ( p -MeO-Ph 3 P) 2 Cu(BH 4 ) ( 3 ) also exhibits intermolecular edge-to-face π-stacking interactions.
The effects of ankle bracing on the activation of the peroneal muscles during a lateral shuffling movement

Abstract The effects of ankle bracing on the levels and patterns of ankle muscle activation are not well understood. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine this issue during a dynamic functional activity that involved marked ankle inversion. Design Within subjects repeated measures. Setting University Research Laboratory. Participants Fifteen female collegiate athletes completed multiple trials of a lateral shuffling movement, both with and without an ankle brace. Main outcome measures Frontal plane kinematics of the ankle and EMG data of the peroneus longus (PL) were recorded during lateral shuffling test trials at four time points: prior to brace application, after brace application, following 2 weeks of continued use of the brace, and 2 weeks after discontinued use of the brace. Results The results demonstrated no significant changes in PL activity across the four time points. Conclusions In contrast to previous reports, the use of an ankle brace does not produce immediate changes in muscle activation or changes in activation following short-term use.
On the Behavior of Randomization Tests without a Group Invariance Assumption

Abstract Fisher's randomization construction of hypothesis tests is a powerful tool to yield tests that are nonparametric in nature in that their level is exactly equal to the nominal level in finite samples over a wide range of distributional assumptions. For example, the usual permutation t test to test equality of means is valid without a normality assumption of the underlying populations. On the other hand, Fisher's randomization construction is not applicable in this example unless the underlying populations differ only in location. In general, the basis for the randomization construction is invariance of the probability distribution of the data under a transformation group. It is the goal of this article to understand the robustness properties of randomization tests by studying their asymptotic validity in situations where the basis for their construction breaks down. Here, asymptotic validity refers to whether the probability of a Type I error tends asymptotically to the nominal level. In particula...
Anwendungen des einfachen luftgetriebenen Zentrifugenkreisels auf kolloidchemische Probleme

1. Es wird darauf aufmerksam gemacht, das mannigfache quantitative Messungen an Gallerten und anderen immobilisierten Systemen mit Hilfe des luftgetriebenen Originalrotors von Henriot und Huguenard (1927) ausgefuhrt werden konnen. 2. Es wird betont, das die Moglichkeit besteht, die tatsachliche Zusammensetzung kolloider Systeme zu bestimmen, d. h. das gebundene Wasser zu messen. 3. Einige Gesichtspunkte uber die Theorie der Gallerten und ihrer Struktur werden diskutiert. 4. Von Messungen des Quellungsdruckes und der Sedimentationsgeschwindigkeit von Agarlosungen werden Beispiele gegeben.
Design of an expert system for utilization research

This work is concerned with the initial design of an expert system for increasing utilization of evaluations in the social sciences. It is an empiric fact that evaluation findings in the social science have a very low and unpredictable utilization. An expert System for Utilization of Research (SUR) may serve both as a research tool (expert systems research and utilization research) and later as an aid to evaluators in the field. The system will be used to collect and store existing utilization research expertise, sort it and detect contradictions. A dynamic model of interaction of an evaluator and an organization will be developed, and the system will be used to simulate interactions and devise strategies and responses applicable to different scenarios. The system may also be used by the applied evaluator as a sophisticated tool for presentation of recommendations, and as a supportive guide for conducting good evaluations.
Intrarenal blood flow in carotid sinus nerve stimulation and hemorrhage in dogs.

Intrarenal blood flow in carotid sinus nerve stimulation and hemorrhage in dogs. The present study was undertaken to compare the role of the sympathetic nervous system, in hemorrhage, with that of hypotension in producing renal blood flow (RBF) redistribution. Ten mongrel dogs were prepared for the determination of RBF distribution by injecting 85 Kr dissolved in saline into the renal artery to obtain renal radioactivity curves. RBF distribution was determined a) at control, b) during a 15-min period of hypotension produced by electrical stimulation (10 v—60 Hz) of the left carotid sinus nerve (nerve of Hering), c) 15min after hemorrhage to a blood pressure equivalent to that of stimulation and d) during hemorrhage plus a 15-min period of stimulation. Hypotension caused by stimulation left component I blood flow unchanged (at approximately 492 ml/min/100 g) but resulted in an increase in component II flow from 93 ± 8 to 155 ± 20 ml/min/100 g. Hemorrhage caused a 60% reduction in component I blood flow rate, leaving component II unchanged. Partial reversal of hemorrhage effects on distribution of RBF was obtained by restimulation of the nerve of Hering. It appears that RBF distribution, as controlled by the carotid sinus, may involve primarily component I flow, with the redistribution between components I and II during hemorrhage possibly involving other mechanisms. Debit sanguin renal au cours de la stimulation du nerf du sinus carotidien et de l'hemorragie chez le chien. Ce travail a ete entrepris pour comparer, au cours de l'hemorragie, le role du systeme nerveux sympathique avec celui de l'hypotension dans le determinisme de la redistribution du debit sanguin renal (RBF). Dix chiens batards ont ete prepares a l'etude de la distribution du debit sanguin renal par l'injection de 85 Kr, en solution dans du solute sale, dans l'artere renale afin d'obtenir les courbes de radioactivite renale. La distribution de RBF a ete determinee a) a l'etat temoin, b) au cours d'une periode d'hypotension de 15 minutes produite par la stimulation electrique (10 v—60 Hz) du nerf sino-carotidien gauche (nerf de Hering), c) 15 minutes apres une hemorragie telle que la pression arterielle soit semblable a celle observee au cours de la stimulation et d) pendant une hemorragie associee a une periode de stimulation de 15 minutes. L'hypotension determinee par la stimulation n'affecte pas la composante I du RBF (approximativement 492 ml/min/100 g) mais entraine une augmentation de la composante II du debit de 93 ± 8 a 155 ± 20 ml/min/100 g. L'hemorragie determine une reduction de 60% de la composante I et n'affecte pas la composante II. Une reversibilite partielle des effets de l'hemorragie sur la redistribution est obtenue par la restimulation du nerf de Hering. Il apparait que le controle de la distribution de RBF par le sinus carotidien interesse essentiellement la composante I et que la redistribution entre composantes I et II au cours de l'hemorragie peut impliquer d'autres mecanismes.
SERIAL DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN DOGS WITH NATURALLY OCCURRING GASTRIC DILATION‐VOLVULUS

The ischemia-reperfusion seen in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) could cause oxidative stress, decrease antioxidant capacity, and predispose patients to higher morbidity and mortality. Elevated lactate levels in dogs with GDV have been previously found to be a negative prognostic indicator. The purpose of this study was to serially evaluate oxidant and antioxidant concentrations in dogs with GDV and to determine if there is a correlation between the degree of antioxidant depletion and lactate levels. Dogs presenting to the Tufts Emergency Service that had not been treated with corticosteroids or fluids prior to admission and were not receiving antioxidant supplementation were eligible for the study. Blood samples were collected at the time of initial catheter placement pre-operatively (Time 0), and then 24 and 48 hours after surgery. The samples were analyzed for concentrations of oxidants [malondialdehyde (MDA), oxygen radical trapping capacity (ORAC) and F2 isoprostanes] and antioxidants (α-tocopherol, γ -tocopherol, vitamin C, and glutathione peroxidase). ANOVA with repeated measures was used to evaluate differences in the variables over the 48-hour period and Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between 2 continuous variables. To date, 8 dogs have been enrolled in the study (1 female and 7 males, with a mean age of 8.0±2.2 years). All dogs have survived to discharge. The chart below indicates differences in parameters measured during hospitalization. Variable Time 0 median (range) 24 hours median (range) 48 hours median (range) P Value MDA (nmol/L) 0.725 (0.532–1.250) 0.500 (0.423–0.870) 0.512 (0.388–0.890) 0.008 α-tocopherol (ug/ml) 16.350 (3.800–29.400) 11.300 (6.760–30.800) 12.950 (7.850–40.400) 0.000 γ-tocopherol (ug/ml) 0.402 (0.138–0.776) 0.293 (0.000–0.500) 0.300 (0.000–0.503) 0.501 Mean plasma lactate upon admission was 4.3 mmol/L (range 2.1–7.2 mmol/L). There was a positive correlation between γ-tocopherol and lactate (r=0.784, P=0.012) but there were no correlations between lactate and MDA or α-tocopherol. Additional dogs are currently being enrolled in the study and analyses of the other variables (ORAC, F2 isoprostanes, vitamin C, and glutathione peroxidase) are pending. These preliminary results support the hypothesis of alterations in oxidant and antioxidant parameters in dogs with GDV.
Single institute, six year percutaneous antegrade ureteral stent retrieval experience

Purpose Internal ureteral stents are conventionally removed cystoscopically. However, antegrade retrieval via mature percutaneous nephrostomy approach has been reported in the past. A retrospective study was performed to assess safety and efficacy of this procedure performed via mature as well as primary percutaneous nephrostomy access. Materials and Methods Urological procedures performed between March 2006 and March 2012 were analyzed based on CPT codes to filter cases performed for antegrade ureteral stent retrieval (AUSR). Electronic medical records and radiological findings were reviewed retrospectively for technical aspects and complications of the procedure. Inclusion criteria were (1) presence of internal ureteral stent and (2) attempt to retrieve the stent antegradely. Only exclusion criterion used was presence of radiographically visible encrustation of the stent. Results Total of 63 stents were attempted to be retrieved in 56 procedure encounters in 49 patients. Devices used for retrieval were EN Snare® (Merit Medical Systems, Inc., South Jordan, Utah) (n=36), Amplatz GooseNeck® snare kit (eV3, Plymouth, Minnesota) (n=11) and both the snare devices (n=5). Devices used in 5 cases were documented generically as ‘snare’. No specific snare device was needed in 6 cases. Primary nephrostomy access was performed in the same encounter as AUSR for 26 stents, whereas 37 stents were retrieved through mature tract. Technical success and failure rates were 92% (n=58) and 8% (n=5). Complications were noted in 3 cases with drop in hemoglobin and hematocrit in 1 case and urinary tract infection in 2 cases. Radiographic complication in the form of contrast extravasation was seen in 6 cases with perinephric extravasation in 4 cases and periureteral extravasation in 2 cases, without long term effects. Conclusion Antegrade ureteral stent retrieval can be performed safely with high success rate and low rate of complications through percutaneous approach via mature as well as primary nephrostomy access. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to evaluate percutaneous antegrade retrieval of ureteral stent via primary nephrostomy access.
Football’s grobalization or globalization? The lessons of Liverpool Football Club’s evolution in the Premier League era

In the last two decades, the percentage of foreign players and managers in the English Premier League has increased markedly. In addition, advances in satellite technology have created a global fan base for England’s biggest clubs, with global entrepreneurs vying for club ownership. Previous academic studies highlight these changes focusing on the excessive commercialization of football while mostly ignoring clubs, which are increasingly global sociocultural, political and economic agents, yet historically the source of intense local identity. Adopting Samuel Huntington’s definition of institutions as ‘stabled, valued, recurring patterns of behavior’ and focusing mainly on the last two decades, this essay analyses how Liverpool FC as an institution dealt with the myriad challenges of globalization. Relying on qualitative interviews and archival documentation, it also tests George Ritzer’s concept of grobalization, which predicts that the effects of globalization will result in all clubs becoming increasin...
Developments and applications of recycled plastics

Plastics in the waste stream have increased steadily, from about one-half million tons in 1960 to 9.6 million tons in 1984 in the United States; if this trend continues, the amount of plastic wastes in the year 2000 will be 15.5 million tons. The problems associated with the growing proportion of plastic packaging materials in community domestic refuse have generated public concerns. Furthermore, an increasing number of laws are being proposed to address the solid waste — many targeted at plastic packaging. This was the background for the conference‚Recycled Plastics: Developments and Applications’which provided a broad perspective of the field. Emphasis was placed on current and potential uses for recycled plastics. The conference was held on September 15, 1987 at the School of Packaging, Michigan State University. More than a score of speakers examined the latest developments and discussed recycling methodologies, marketing approaches, social and environmental implications. This brief report attempts to summarize the main points made.
Irish Urban Cultures

Irish Urban Cultures. CHRIS CURTIN, HASTINGS DONNAN, and THOMAS M. WILSON, eds. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast, 1994. xi + 271 pp., tables, notes, references, index.
Effects of diet upon hypothalamic vulnerability to goldthioglucose in male mice

Abstract YOUNG, J. K., D. M. NANCE AND R. A. GORSKI. Effects of diet upon hypothalamic vulnerability to goldthioglucose in male mice . BRAIN RES. BULL. 4 (1) 69–74, 1979.—Three groups of male mice were fed three different diets for about 3 weeks: powdered chow (C), a high fat (F) diet (chow:Crisco, 2:1), and a high dextrose (D) diet (chow:dextrose, 2:1). Food and water intake and body weights (BWts) were measured daily. On Day 20 of the study, mice were injected IP with 0.3 mg/g of goldthioglucose (GTG). Two days later, the mice were sacrificed and brains were removed for histological examination of GTG-induced lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). It was found that (1) F-fed mice ate more and gained more BWt than C- and D-fed mice, and (2) the average GTG lesion volume of F-fed mice was twice as large as those of C- and D-fed mice. In view of known alterations in sensitivity of the VMH to goldthioglucose with changes in glucose metabolism, it is suggested that the larger goldthioglucose induced lesions in F-fed mice may be due to elevated blood levels of goldthioglucose or altered glucose metabolism in goldthioglucose sensitive cells in the VMH.
More QR‐SCMEH‐MO calculations on group VIB transition metal molecules, M2 (M = Cr, Mo, W, Sg): Valence and valence‐core effects

At the 2001 Sanibel Symposium a presentation of MO calculations derived from the QR-SCMEH-MO method applied to Cr2 and Mo2 was made and subsequently published in the proceedings 22. This was followed by similar unpublished calculations on W2 and Sg2 presented at the 43rd Sanibel Symposium in 2003. Unfortunately, in neither of these instances were specific evaluations regarding magnitudes of spin-pairing energies versus MO eigenvalues taken into account. However, when these factors were subsequently examined in detail, we found that the pattern of MO occupancies and overall bonding features were significantly altered from that reported previously. Among these M2 molecules (Cr2 and Mo2) are found to have open-shell, triplet delta HOMOs, in which the spins are antiferromagnetically coupled to produce spin singlet ground states. It has been observed that the electronic structures of these molecules must be ascribed apparently to correlation effects confined not only to the valence electrons, but to valence/valence-core electrons as well. Within a transition metal series the atomic configurations are: ns2np6nda(n + 1)sb; 1 ≤ a ≤ 10; 1 ≤ b ≤ 2. The nda(n + 1)sb portion is naturally the valence component, and the ns2np6 portion is the valence-core component. All levels below the latter are the inner core, which are frozen in these calculations. Consequently, in molecular bonding there is not only valence correlation, but the likelihood of valence/valence-core correlation as well; particularly since these are no longer necessarily correlated as they were in the separated atoms. There apparently are no influences from the inner core. Of course, these features apply specifically to the SCMEH-MO method. Because the SCMEH-MO method, in general, is not an ab initio type of routine, wherein all electron correlation is explicitly accounted for, it is essential to limit correlation only to those AOs specifically affected by bonding. Furthermore, these effects seem to be uniquely associated with the abnormally short bond distances in these particular molecules. All of the features of this study will be presented and contrasted. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Regulation of β-actin gene transcription by insulin and phorbol esters

Insulin and the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, induce β-actin gene transcription in H4 cells. This occurred rapidly, with a maximum 15-fold stimulation following 15 min of insulin (5 × 10−9 M) or phorbol ester (1 μg/ml) exposure. The increase in β-actin transcription was transitory, returning to baseline within 120 min. Pretreatment of cells with phorbol ester for 24 h, reducing functional protein kinase C activity, abolished the ability of phorbol esters to increase β-actin transcription. When insulin was added to phorbol ester-pretreated cells the insulin-induced increase in β-actin transcription was reduced by 40–60%. These findings support our hypothesis that a common regulatory signal is utilized by both insulin and phorbol esters for the complete induction of specific genes.
Quartz preferred orientations within a deformed pebble conglomerate from New Hampshire, U.S.A.

Abstract The orientations of quartz c -axes within a deformed pebble conglomerate from Piermont, New Hampshire, have been measured and compared to finite strain estimates for both the pebbles and the surrounding matrix. Quartz grains within the relatively pure orthoquartzite pebbles show a strong c -axis preferred orientation while quartz grains within the matrix show a random distribution of c -axes. Comparisons of the preferred orientation of the pebbles with computer simulated fabrics of Lister and Hobbs (1980) yield estimates of the principal finite strains ( ϵ i ) = (1.00, 0.00, −0.50) which are consistent with previous strain estimates (Rumble and Oertel, 1979) derived from the pebble shapes (1.22, −0.13, −0.48). The random c -axis pattern within the matrix, however, is inconsistent with the strain estimates derived from fabric analysis of matrix phyllosilicates using the March model. While it is believed that intracrystalline slip of quartz was as prevalent in the matrix as in the pebbles, the presence of phyllosilicates in the matrix appears to have prevented the development of a quartz preferred orientation. It is proposed that slip and/or grain-boundary sliding of phyllosilicates in the matrix may have been responsible for quartz grain rotations which were random with respect to quartz c -axes.
What can we learn from the visual care system of the British National Health Service

The development of the British National Health Service over the past three decades is described, with particular emphasis on delivery of eye care. Differences between the British and American systems are discussed with consideration of the general political, philosophical and socioeconomic conditions of both countries.
GENERATION OF RADIO WAVES AND ACCELERATION OF PARTICLES BY THE CLASS 3 SOLAR FLARE OF 1961 SEPTEMBER 28

Abstract This paper describes the characteristics of the radio burst generated by the Class 3 solar flare of 1961 September 28, 2202 U.T. The relation of the radio burst to accompanying X-ray and high-energy proton emission is then briefly examined in terms of existing theories of electromagnetic emission and particle acceleration in the solar atmosphere.