cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of the Red Blood Cell Uptake of I131-L-Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine-Binding Globulin Capacity in Man

ABSTRACT The thyroxine-binding globulin capacity and the binding coefficient of the red blood cell uptake of I131-L-triiodothyronine were measured in healthy subjects and in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The mean thyroxine-binding globulin capacity (17.1 ±5.0 μg/100 ml) is significantly less in hyperthyroid patients than in healthy subjects (20.7 ±4.8 μg/100 ml). The mean thyroxine-binding globulin capacity is elevated in hypothyroid patients (24.3 ±4.6 μg/100 ml). The mean binding coefficients of the red blood cell uptake of I131-L-triiodothyronine are the same as those previously reported. A significant negative correlation between thyroxine-binding globulin and log of the binding coefficient was found in healthy subjects and in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The study suggests the physiologic importance of the thyroxine-binding globulin capacity in the cellular uptake of triiodothyronine.
Crystallization of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is the component of the chromosomal DNA replication machinery in eukaryotic cells that confers high processivity upon DNA polymerase σ and e. It has been proposed that PCNA functions by forming a trimeric complex with a ring-like structure through which DNA is threaded. PCNA from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been crystallized in a cubic space group (P213, a = 121·1 A). Unexpectedly, a mercury derivative of PCNA yields crystals that diffract significantly better than crystals of the unmodified protein (2·4 A and 3·0 A resolution, respectively). Mass spectrometry reveals that the derivative results from the addition of two mercury atoms to the protein. Although crystals of the mercurated protein show evidence of non-isomorphism, the anomalous diffraction signal is strong and phases may be determined by multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD phasing).
Performance characteristics of dual-winding reluctance generators

In the paper, a dual winding reluctance generator with mixed poles is analysed to determine its performance characteristics. The loads (impedance or rectifier) are connected to a set of 2-pole, 3-phase windings which are capacitively compensated, while more reactive power is provided to the load by another 6-pole, 3-phase control winding to which another 3-phase capacitor bank is connected. A q-d equivalent circuit model accounting for saturation of the magnetic paths and saturation-dependent core and harmonic loss resistances is given, which accurately predicts experimental results.
P1–5: Field emission electron gun using a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode

The advantages of argon-ion-irradiated reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) as a cold-cathode electron source are investigated in the context of a high current density, medium energy, low energy spread, high brightness electron gun.
Near-surface electron temperature of weakly ionized plasma according to kinetic theory.

Properties of electrons near absorbing and emitting surfaces are studied for weakly ionized plasmas by analyzing the Boltzmann equation governing the electrons. For simplicity, it is assumed that the electric field intensity is given a priori. It is shown that there exists a “nonequilibrium absorption layer,” near the surface, wherein the kinetic distribution of electrons is completely out of equilibrium for all values of the mean free path, when the surface is highly absorbent with small or no electron emission. This layer is responsible for the large electron temperature jump at the surface, and it governs the electron temperature profile through the continuum as well as the rarefied plasmas. From the analysis it is found that the simple surface boundary condition for the continuum electron energy equation previously employed by the present author is correct when there is no surface emission. A similar simple surface boundary condition is deduced for surfaces with given finite emission rates.
Sharing the wealth: social comparisons and pay dispersion in the CEO's top team†

The antecedents and consequences of pay dispersion are studied using theory that focuses on the social comparisons that occur among members of the CEO's top team. Results from a sample of large public firms indicate that when members of this elite group were similar on a variety of dimensions, and thus likely to compare their pay, the board allowed less dispersion. In addition, pay dispersion was negatively related to company performance, particularly when it exceeded what could be justified by characteristics of the industry, firm, or team. But the strength of that relationship depended on how uniformly members of the team would benefit from subsequent performance gains. Specifically, the negative effect was particularly strong in firms where major differences in compensation—that is, some executives were given significantly more stock options—combined with a volatile stock price to provide only a few team members with the opportunity to realize very large financial gains in the future. The study demonstrates that the social-psychological factors that affect comparisons among members of the CEO's top team impact the board's pay setting process, which in turn affects pay dispersion, and ultimately firm performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lingua Franca English, Multilingual Communities, and Language Acquisition

Firth and Wagner (1997) questioned the dichotomies nonnative versus native speaker, learner versus user, and interlanguage versus target language, which reflect a bias toward innateness, cognition, and form in language acquisition. Research on lingua franca English (LFE) not only affirms this questioning, but reveals what multilingual communities have known all along: Language learning and use succeed through performance strategies, situational resources, and social negotiations in fluid communicative contexts. Proficiency is therefore practice-based, adaptive, and emergent. These findings compel us to theorize language acquisition as multimodal, multisensory, multilateral, and, therefore, multidimensional. The previously dominant constructs such as form, cognition, and the individual are not ignored; they get redefined as hybrid, fluid, and situated in a more socially embedded, ecologically sensitive, and interactionally open model.
Leukoencephalopathy in adults: Is it adrenoleukodystrophy? A case report and molecular analysis

Adult onset cerebral X-ALD (AOCALD) is a rare disease, but should be considered an important differential diagnosis in adults presenting with leukencephalopathy. We here report the case of a 40-year-old man with a history of progressive cognitive decline who presented with a first-time seizure. Initial workup included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain which showed extensive frontotemporal leukoencephalopathy. A subsequent brain biopsy showed demyelination and perivascular macrophages. Further workup included serum very long chain fatty acid concentration (VLCFA), which was found to be elevated. An MRI of the total spine showed diffuse atrophy, but no intrinsic cord signal changes, and the diagnosis of AOCALD was established. Genomic sequencing revealed a nonsense mutation in exon 8 (2188G-->A, W601X), to our knowledge not reported in context with AOCALD. A family pedigree was obtained, and other family members at risk were identified and underwent genetic counseling. In conclusion, AOCALD is an important differential diagnosis in adults presenting with cognitive decline. While treatment for affected patients is often supportive only, molecular diagnosis serves as a basis for genetic counseling, identification of relatives at risk and timely referral to a treatment program.
A Hippocampal Cognitive Prosthesis: Multi-Input, Multi-Output Nonlinear Modeling and VLSI Implementation

This paper describes the development of a cognitive prosthesis designed to restore the ability to form new long-term memories typically lost after damage to the hippocampus. The animal model used is delayed nonmatch-to-sample (DNMS) behavior in the rat, and the “core” of the prosthesis is a biomimetic multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear model that provides the capability for predicting spatio-temporal spike train output of hippocampus (CA1) based on spatio-temporal spike train inputs recorded presynaptically to CA1 (e.g., CA3). We demonstrate the capability of the MIMO model for highly accurate predictions of CA1 coded memories that can be made on a single-trial basis and in real-time. When hippocampal CA1 function is blocked and long-term memory formation is lost, successful DNMS behavior also is abolished. However, when MIMO model predictions are used to reinstate CA1 memory-related activity by driving spatio-temporal electrical stimulation of hippocampal output to mimic the patterns of activity observed in control conditions, successful DNMS behavior is restored. We also outline the design in very-large-scale integration for a hardware implementation of a 16-input, 16-output MIMO model, along with spike sorting, amplification, and other functions necessary for a total system, when coupled together with electrode arrays to record extracellularly from populations of hippocampal neurons, that can serve as a cognitive prosthesis in behaving animals.
Semapimod reduces the depth of injury resulting in enhanced re-epithelialization of partial-thickness burns in swine

Studies suggest that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a role in burn pathogenesis. We conducted a randomized controlled experiment in swine to determine whether a novel macrophage inhibitor, semapimod (formerly known as CNI-1493), would blunt the local production of TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 in burns leading to less injury extension and faster re-epithelialization. After creating second-degree burns, animals received one or two intravenous boluses of semapimod 1 mg/kg or normal saline, and all burns were treated with silver sulfadiazine. The depth of follicular necrosis and thrombosis was reduced by either one or two doses of semapimod (P=.04 and .02, respectively). However, no differences were noted between groups in cytokine levels. Depth of scarring was similar in all groups. We conclude that Semapimod reduces the depth of follicular necrosis and thrombosis after second-degree burns in swine, indirectly resulting in more rapid re-epithelialization. However, this affect does not appear to be mediated by reduced local TNF-alpha, IL-1, or IL-6 protein levels.
Concerning Justice and Music Education.

In this paper, I explore matters concerning justice and music education. I briefly sketch responses to five interrelated questions: Why should music educators be interested in justice? What is meant by the term social justice and how is it distinguished from justice of other kinds? How do liberal views of humanity, particularly the preciousness of people and living things, serve as a basis for justice, broadly construed? What are the means and ends of re-mediating injustice? How can music educators act on behalf of justice? And I make the case for a comparative view of justice broadly construed and offer several practical steps in working against injustice and towards justice in and on behalf of music education.
Radar observations of asteroid 1580 Betulia

Radar observations of the asteroid 1580 Betulia, made at a wavelength of 12.6 cm, show a mean radar cross section of 2.2 + or- 0.8 sq km and a total spectral bandwidth of 26.5 + or- 1.5 Hz. Combining bandwidth measurements with the optically determined rotation period sets a lower limit to the asteroid's radius of 2.9 + or- 0.2 km.
Parallel alterations in the timing of ovarian Ecdysone Receptor and Ultraspiracle expression characterize the independent evolution of larval reproduction in two species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Although most insects reproduce in the adult stage, facultative larval or pupal reproduction (paedogenesis) has evolved at least six times indepently in insects, twice in gall midges of the family Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). Paedogenesis in gall midges involves the precocious growth and differentiation of the ovary in an otherwise larval form. We have previously shown that the timing of expression of the Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) and Ultraspiracle (USP), the two proteins that constitute the functional receptor for the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, regulates the timing and progression of ovarian differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Here we test the hypothesis that precocious activation of EcR and USP in the ovaries of paedogenetic gall midges allows for precocious ovarian differentiation. Using monoclonal antibodies directed against insect EcR and USP proteins, we first show that when these gall midges are reared under conditions that promote typical, metamorphic development, up- regulation of EcR and USP occurs in the final larval stage. By contrast, in the paedogenetic life cycle, EcR and USP are up-regulated early in the first larval stage. A similar pattern is seen for two independently-evolved paedogenetic gall midges, Heteropeza pygmaea and Mycophila speyeri. We discuss our results in the context of developmental constraints on the evolution of paedogenesis in dipteran insects.
Proliferation of smooth muscle cells after vascular injury is inhibited by an antibody against basic fibroblast growth factor.

Abstract Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) represents an important event in vascular lesion formation. Despite the common belief that growth factors contribute to the development of the atherosclerotic plaque, until now there has been no direct evidence for a role of mitogens in the development of arterial lesions. Balloon catheter injury of the rat carotid artery is accompanied by death of medial SMCs and is typically followed by proliferation of SMCs with subsequent formation of an intimal lesion. Our hypothesis is that injury causes mitogens to be released from dead cells, which then stimulate cell proliferation. One such mitogen that may be important in this process is basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which can be detected immunocytochemically in SMCs and endothelial cells of adult rat carotid arteries. Systemic injection of a neutralizing antibody against bFGF prior to balloon catheterization significantly decreased the induced SMC proliferation by approximately 80%. The intimal lesion that developed within 8 days after injury, however, was not significantly reduced. The results of this study support the concept that endogenous bFGF is the major mitogen controlling the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells following injury. These data may have implications for the observed failure of endarterectomy and angioplasty procedures.
The increased viability of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 encapsulated in emulsions with multiple lipid-protein-pectin layers

Abstract Probiotics have demonstrated various health benefits but have poor stability to sustain food processing and storage conditions, as well as after ingestion. Biopolymer beads are commonly studied to encapsulate probiotic cells to improve their stability, but the millimeter-dimension of these beads may not meet the quality requirement of food products. The aim of this study was to enhance the viability of Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 by encapsulation in emulsion droplets with multiple lipid-protein-pectin layers. Spray-dried L. salivarius was suspended in melted anhydrous milk fat that was then emulsified in a neutral aqueous phase with whey protein isolate or sodium caseinate to prepare primary solid/oil/water (S/O/W) emulsions. Subsequently, pectin was electrostatically deposited onto the droplet surface at pH 3.0 to form secondary emulsions. The encapsulation efficiency was up to 90%. After 20-day storage at 4 °C, the viable cell counts of bacteria in secondary emulsions at pH 3.0 and primary emulsions at 7.0 were 3 log higher than the respective free cell controls. After heating at 63 °C for 30 min, free L. salivarius was inactivated to be undetectable, while about 2.0 log CFU/mL was observed for primary (at pH 7.0) and secondary (at pH 3.0) emulsion treatments. Additionally, a 5 log-CFU/g-powder reduction was observed after spray drying free L. salivarius, while a 2 log CFU/g reduction was observed for emulsion treatments with capsules smaller than 20 μm. Furthermore, cross-linking the secondary emulsion with calcium enhanced the viability of L. salivarius after the simulated gastric and intestinal digestions. Therefore, the studied S/O/W emulsion systems may be used to improve the viability of probiotics during processing, storage, and gastrointestinal digestion.
A MODEL OF FOAM ELASTICITY BASED UPON THE LAWS OF PLATEAU

Abstract A microstructural model is proposed to study the elastic behavior of liquid foam during small distortion. It is assumed that at the reference configuration foam is at the state of uniform prestress (ΔP) equal to the overpressure of the gas trapped in foam and that interfacial surface tension on adjacent liquid films is equal. In this model, the representative microstructural element satisfies the geometrical requirements imposed by the laws of Plateau, i.e., three liquid films meet along an edge at dihedral angles of 120° and four such edges meet at a point at tetrahedral angles of 109°28′16″. A small distortion that satisfies micromechanical equilibrium is applied to the representative element and the shear modulus (μ) is calculated. It is obtained that μ Δ P = 0.25 . This value is close to the value of 0.23 estimated previously from measurements on emulsions (J. Colloid Interface Sci.112, 427, 1986i).
Cross-reactivity of pollen allergens: recommendations for immunotherapy vaccines.

Purpose of reviewThis review will summarize recent research on pollen allergen and epitope cross-reactivity. Knowledge of these relationships aids in the rational formulation of allergen immunotherapy vaccines.Recent findingsThere has been further clarification of panallergens and their roles as bot
Elevated Lactate Levels in a Non–Critically Ill Patient

After5daysofnausea andvomiting, aman inhis60swith advanced, refractorydiffuse large B-cell lymphoma involving the abdomen presented to the emergency department. The patientnotedchronic, left-sidedabdominalpain relatedtohis lymphomaandnormalpassageof stoolandflatus.Hereportednoother illnessesandwastakingonlyesomeprazole.Hewasafebrileandnormotensivewithapulserateof 104/minute.A large, firm, tendermass locatednear the umbilicuswas palpable in his abdomen, but therewas no rigidity or rebound tenderness. Laboratory studies (Table) showed an elevated lactate level of 6.3mmol/L (reference range, 0.7-2.2mmol/L) (56.8mg/dL; reference range, 6.3-19.8mg/dL). A computed tomographic scanof theabdomenshoweddiffuse lymphadenopathyand a largemesentericmass abuttingmultiple segmentsof the small intestine andencasing the mesenteric vasculature. He received 3 L of intravenous normal saline in the first 24 hours becauseofconcernaboutvolumedepletionandsepsis.His tachycardia improved,butblood lactate remainedelevatedbetween4.7-7.2mmol/L (42.3-64.9mg/dL). Serial abdominal examination results remained unchanged from the initial presentation.
Restoration of Normal Growth by Covering of Agglutinin Sites on Tumour Cell Surface

By covering sites on transformed cells with monovalent concanavalin A, the growth pattern of transformed fibroblasts is restored to that of normal cells. The process can, moreover, be reversed.
An electron microscopic study of the tympanal organ and associated structures in the foreleg tibia of the cricket, Gryllus assimilis

Early descriptions of insect sensory organs included three presumed mechanotransducers in the tibia of Orthoptera, namely the subgenual organ, the intermediate organ, and the tympanal organ. The following study examines the fine structure of the tympanal organ in the foreleg tibia of the cricket, Gryllus assimilis. This investigation provides the first fine structure analysis of this structure and shows that the tibial tympanal organ is not a scolopophorus organ. It consists of highly modified epithelium, associated with the anterior tympanic membrane, and receives innervation from the anterior ganglion.
Rotation-induced mode coupling in open wavelength-scale microcavities

We study the interplay between rotation and openness for mode coupling in wavelength-scale microcavities. In cavities deformed from a circular disk, the decay rates of a quasidegenerate pair of resonances may cross or anticross with increasing rotation speed. The standing-wave resonances evolve to traveling-wave resonances at high rotation speed, however both the clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) traveling-wave resonances can have a lower cavity decay rate, contrary to the intuitive expectation from the rotation-dependent effective index. With increasing rotation speed, a phase locking between the CW and CCW wave components in a resonance takes place. These phenomena result from the rotation-induced mode coupling, which is strongly influenced by the openness of the microcavity. The possibility of a nonmonotonic Sagnac effect is also discussed.
Radial head subluxation: comparing two methods of reduction.

. Objectives: To determine whether reduction of radial head subluxation (RHS) is more successful using pronation and flexion (PF) vs the more widely used supination and flexion (SF) method. Methods: Prospective study in a tertiary care children's hospital ED from August 1996 through December 1997. Inclusion criteria included age <7 years with an upper-extremity injury. Exclusion criteria included neurologic impairment, congenital malformation, or obvious bony deformity or edema. Patients were randomized to receive either PF or SF. Reduction was considered successful if the child used the injured arm. Both the physician and the parent rated the child's pain during the procedure using a descriptive ordinal scale, from 0 (no pain) to 3 (severe pain). Results: 148 patients were enrolled; 13 were excluded. Success was achieved on the first attempt in 53/67 (80%, 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.88) of patients receiving PF and in 47/68 (69%, 95% CI = 0.57 to 0.80) of those receiving SF (p = 0.186). For those injuring the left arm, 29/41 (71%, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.84) were successfully reduced using SF, while 33/37 (89%, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.97) were successfully reduced using PF (p = 0.044). Physicians perceived PF to be less painful than SF (p = 0.013). There was no significant pain score difference rated by parents. Conclusions: Both PF and SF can be used with success to reduce RHS. For left arm injuries, PF should be attempted first, since it may decrease the need for further treatment. PF may be less painful, particularly for first reduction attempts.
Organizational Risk after Modernism

This study identifies the modernist assumptions in organizational risk research, along with their historical origin and limitations. Risk research from a modernist perspective focuses primarily on individuals, treats risk preferences as exogenously given, attempts to quantify risk, assumes that risk reflects a given probability distribution, omits ethical considerations, and neglects actions by focusing on decision making. This study proposes a contrasting postmodern perspective on organizational risk. By this view, risk is a social and multilevel phenomenon; risk preferences, perceptions, and responses are learned; risk is subjectively perceived and often unquantifiable; the environment is a complex, socially constructed system; ethical considerations are integral to risk assessment and management; and organizations respond to risk through their actions, not just by making decisions. These themes motivate new directions for organizational risk research.
The unusual 8-13 micron spectrum of Markarian 231

An 8-13 micron spectrum was obtained of the Seyfert galaxy Markarian 231 with a spectral resolution of 0.22 micron per point. The spectrum is unlike any previously published spectrum at these wavelengths. The spectrum can be attributed to a combination of absorption and reemission by crystalline silicates which must have formed under conditions quite different from those in which silicates form in the Galaxy. Comparison of the data with previously published data indicates that the infrared emission is extended and not dominated by a bright central source.
On estimating the non-advective tidal exchanges and advective gravitational circulation exchanges in an estuary

Abstract A simple procedure is presented for estimating the tidal exchange flux, the gravitational circulation flux, and the Hansen-Rattray parameter, ν, for an estuary. The quantities needed for this determination are freshwater inputs to the estuary at various times during the year and the corresponding values of the average salinity within the estuary and the salinity within the adjacent ocean reservoir. The formulation is applied to data from Narragansett bay.
Mechanisms of Liver Injury in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a disorder marked by alterations in hepatic lipid homeostasis as well as liver injury in the form of cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. Research into the pathophysiology of NASH is dynamic. New concepts from the fields of cell biology, microbiology, immunology and genetics are being tested for their applicability to NASH; discoveries in each of these areas are enriching our understanding of this complex disease. This review summarizes how recent developments from the bench and bedside are merging with more traditional concepts to reshape our view of NASH pathogenesis. Highlights include human studies that emphasize the role of de novo lipogenesis in NASH and experimental work uncovering a role for the inflammasome in NASH. Genetic predispositions to NASH are being clarified, and intestinal microbiome is emerging as a determinant of fatty liver. These unique ideas are now taking their place within an integrated picture of NASH pathogenesis.
On the heterogeneous nucleation of martensite

Martensitic nucleation near inhomogeneities is modeled using linear elasticity. The coherent strain energy due to the formation of a martensite embryo decreases when the inhomogeneity is elastically stiffer than the matrix and vice versa. A maximum reduction of 20% in strain energy is calculated for the case when the embryo is formed near a free surface. The results are consistent with the experimental observations of preferential nucleation of martensite at a free surface. A possible explanation for the nature of the “preexisting martensite embryo” in the Kaufman and Cohen model of a nucleation site is also proposed: the dislocation loop in the parent phase is itself the site for the embryo such that it will transform into martensite during transformation. The calculated critical characteristics of this embryo are in good agreement with the model of Chen and Chiao and their experimental results.
Rejecting Patriarchy for Equivalence in the US Military A Response to Anthony King’s “Women Warriors: Female Accession to Ground Combat”

This article is a response to Anthony King’s “Women Warriors: Female Accession to Ground Combat.” King rightly asserts that the accession of women to combat roles is a notable historical departure in warfighting. He critiques Brownson’s conceptual ideal of “equivalency” as a potentially profound force of transformation of gender relations in the military. While conceptually progressive, he errs in framing the potential transformation within the concept of “patriarchy.” Further, King is unable to recast binary gendered language to acknowledge fully the concept of “kinship.” For females to maximally succeed in the military, and particularly in combat roles, patriarchy as the defining explanation for male–female interaction must be discarded and the enabling concepts of equivalency and kinship must be embraced. The continued strength of military organizations and the individuals within them emerges from the reciprocity of these two concepts.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGFB) stimulates neurogenesis: Evidence from knockout mice and growth factor administration

Vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGFB) is an angiogenic and neuroprotective protein that reduces hypoxic and ischemic neuronal injury. To determine if VEGFB also regulates neurogenesis in the adult brain, we studied the effects of VEGFB administration in vitro and in vivo, as well as the effect of VEGFB gene knockout (KO) in mice, on bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and expression of immature neuronal markers in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ). Intracerebroventricular VEGFB administration increased BrdU incorporation into cells of neuronal lineage both in vitro and in vivo, and VEGFB-KO mice showed impaired neurogenesis, consistent with a neurogenesis-promoting effect of VEGFB. In addition, intraventricular administration of VEGFB restored neurogenesis to wild-type levels in VEGFB-KO mice. These results suggest a role for VEGFB in the regulation of adult neurogenesis, which could have therapeutic implications for diseases associated with central neuronal loss.
Monte Carlo simulation of hard-sphere fluid and solid in a confined geometry

We study the structure of hard-sphere solids and fluids in a spherical cavity with Monte Carlo simulation for samples with up to 1024 particles. We found that at high densities for a fixed number of particles the density of the solid near the wall oscillates as the density is changed, as a consequence of the commensuration of the cavity radius with the hard-sphere spacing. As the size of the system is increased, the region in density over which this oscillation occurs is decreased; the amplitude of variation remains strong. We also computed the structure factor averaged over particles at different distances from the center. Even though the density exhibits a peak at the boundary, this local structure factor is much smaller at the boundary, indicating a decrease of crystalline order at the interface because of the presence of the wall. Our results suggests that it is melting and not nucleation that starts at the walls. Density-functional-type methods, which assume this local structure factor to be small, may still be useful to study melting in confined geometries.
Global inequality: Bringing politics back in

Data on contemporary global inequality are dramatic, widely known and a new conventional backdrop. In research and policy economists lead the way and the emphasis is on global poverty rather than inequality. Within nations poverty is a challenge, while inequality is not; on a world scale, arguably it is the other way round. The international policy focus on poverty alleviation coexists with neoliberal policies that widen inequality domestically and internationally. A strategic question is where the data depart from the conventional wisdom. Thus a general assumption is that inequality within countries is largest in poor countries; the widest inequality, however, is found within the USA and UK. The conventional assumption is that neoliberal policies and free trade lift all tides; those countries and periods, however, where this policy has been most consistently implemented show the steepest increase in inequality. Global inequality helps sustain domestic privilege. The belief that the risks that global ineq...
Pulmonary infiltration associated with blood eosinophilia (P.I.E.): a clinical study of Loeffler's syndrome and of periarteritis nodosa with P.I.E. syndrome.

The problem of pulmonary infiltrations with blood eosinophilia has been reviewed. A clinical study was made of 30 patients in whom a diagnosis of Loeffler's syndrome was thought to be established on clinical grounds, and of 13 patients in whom a diagnosis of periarteritis nodosa with the syndrome of pulmonary infiltration associated with eosinophilia (P.I.E.) was established by microscopic means. A history of bronchial asthma extending over several years and the occurrence of more than one attack of pulmonary infiltration and eosinophilia are more in keeping with Loeffler's syndrome. The longer the attack of the P.I.E. syndrome, especially if it is the first known attack, the more likely is the disease to be periarteritis nodosa. Hemoptysis is more common with the latter, and evidence of multiple-system involvement is conclusive. This may be shown by purpuric lesions, mononeuritis multiplex, arthritic symptoms and uremia. If the patient appears gravely ill and is pursuing a steadily downhill course, then Loeffler's syndrome is almost surely excluded.
Spectral properties of a pigmented body in Hymenomonas sp.: an extra-chloroplast organelle containing chlorophyll.

In the chrysomonad Hymenomonas, a lamellar organelle of undefined function described previously in electron micrographs, is shown to be highly pigmented by absorption and fluorescence light microscopy. Absorption spectra of the lamellar organelle and the chloroplasts of Hymenomonas are presented. In comparison with the chloroplast the lamellar body appears to have an equal concentration of chlorophyll α and nearly three times the concentration of the 490 nm absorbing carotenoid. Fluorescence in the organelle is initially red as in the chloroplast; this is quickly replaced by an intense yellow emission. The rate at which the red fluorescence is replaced by the yellow is oxidation dependent and is quite rapid in the high intensity of the exciting light required for fluorescence micrographs. Possible roles of the organelle in cell metabolism or photochemistry which are considered and evaluated include: photosynthetic organelle, coccolithogenic organelle, symbiont and lysosome.
A tuneable, Bandwidth-adjustable solid-state filter☆

Tuneable adjustable solid state bandwidth filter using N path system for low pass to bandpass filter transformation
A surface Middle Stone Age assemblage from the Red Sea coast of Eritrea: Implications for Upper Pleistocene human dispersals out of Africa

The Red Sea basin is emerging as an important region for testing current hypotheses concerning early human dispersal routes out of Africa. However, the direct peripheries of the basin, especially the African side had seen little prior Paleolithic research, hindering well informed assessment of the temporal and cultural contexts of prehistoric human adaptations in the region. Recent archaeological investigation at Asfet, along the southern edge of the Gulf of Zula (Red Sea coast of Eritrea) has recorded a surface Middle Stone Age (MSA) assemblage. The Asfet assemblage features prepared core and blade technologies, the production of points (triangular, perforators and small bifaces) and various retouched tools mainly on local raw material sources. Typologically, the assemblage exhibits reasonable affinity with northeast (NE) African, the Nile Valley and Southern Arabian MSA Industries. Given the paucity of Paleolithic record from the western side of the Red Sea basin that can be compared with existing MSA datasets from the Horn of Africa, the Nile Valley and Arabian Peninsula, the discovery of an MSA assemblage along the Eritrean coast provides a much needed reference data to assess the role of the Red Sea coast as a potential refugium and dispersal corridor for early humans.
Towards an understanding of campus-scale power consumption

Commercial buildings are significant consumers of electricity. In this paper, we collect and analyze six weeks of data from 39 power meters in three buildings of a campus of a large company. We use an unsupervised anomaly detection technique based on a low-dimensional embedding to identify power saving opportunities. Further, to better manage resources such as lighting and HVAC, we develop occupancy models based on readily available port-level network logs. We propose a semi-supervised approach that combines hidden Markov models (HMM) with standard classifiers such as naive Bayes and support vector machines (SVM). This two step approach simplifies the occupancy model while achieving good accuracy. The experimental results over ten office cubicles show that the maximum error is less than 15% with an average error of 9.3%. We demonstrate that using our occupancy models, we can potentially reduce the lighting load on one floor (about 45 kW) by about 9.5%.
Structural changes in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehyrogenase isolated from temperature-acclimated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

SummaryGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase has been purified from rainbow trout acclimated to 15° (warm) and 5° (cold) and compared with respect to their electrophoretic properties, NAD-binding behavior, and ultraviolet absorption. Both the warm and cold species of G3PDH show the same electrophoretic properties. They differ, however, in NAD-binding behavior and in ultraviolet-absorption properties. It was concluded that temperature acclimation brings about a conformational change in the higher-order structure of G3PDH which is stable through purification procedures.
Partial correction of irregular aniseikonia secondary to retinal traction.

Purpose This case report presents the management of symptomatic retinally induced aniseikonia and a short review of the literature pertaining to two clinical tests used in the measurement and management of aniseikonia. The clinician is also provided a review of how to design eikonic lenses. Case report A 30-year-old white male presented with symptoms of perceived image size difference after scleral buckle repair for retinal detachment in the right eye. Three measures of aniseikonia resulted in markedly different values, but all indicated larger perceived left eye image. Stereopsis was measured before and after placing an afocal magnifying lens over the right eye. Stereopsis improved immediately upon placement of the afocal lens, with further improvement after 20 minutes, and stereopsis decreased upon removal. The patient reported improved visual comfort for near work with the afocal lens. Eikonic glasses were designed, and the patient reported improved comfort for near work that has remained for over 1 year of wear. Studies evaluating the validity and reliability of the New Aniseikonia Test and the Aniseikonia Inspector are reviewed. Most studies report that induced aniseikonia is underestimated. This case report illustrates that despite the problem with underestimation, these tests are useful clinical tools to identify whether aniseikonia exists and which eye has the larger perceived image. Results can be used as a starting point when making clinical decisions about managing aniseikonia. The Aniseikonia Inspector also assists in the design of eikonic glasses. Conclusions Even when aniseikonia is substantial, variable in magnitude, and irregular due to retinal disease, reducing the overall aniseikonia can improve binocularity and patient's comfort noticeably for the long term. The underestimation of induced aniseikonia in clinical tests does not preclude their use as a tool in the management of symptomatic aniseikonia.
A comparative study of motor patterns during pre-flight warm-up in hawkmoths

Temporal patterns of activation of flight muscles were recorded by means of wires placed extracellularly in thoracic muscles. In the five species of hawkmoths studied, wingstrokes of small amplitude were produced during a preflight warm-up by synchronous contractions of certain groups of muscles which are antagonists in flight. The main depressor muscle, the dorsal longitudinal, was excited in synchrony with some or all of the indirect elevator muscles. Three direct muscles, the subalar, basalar and third axillary muscles, were usually excited out of phase with the dorsal longitudinal muscle. However, details of the motor pattern varied from species to species. During fixed flight phase changes comparable in magnitude to those which occur during the transition from warm-up to flight were observed in Manduca sexta and Smerinthus cerisyi. The results (summarized in Table 2) suggest that a variety of warm-up patterns evolved within the Sphingidae as modifications of a common mechanism generating flight motor patterns.
A class of orthogonal main-effect plans

Abstract A class of orthogonal main-effect plans for 2 m q k · q 2 m q k ( m ≤2 k and q a prime power) experiments is constructed by using generalized Hadamard matrices. Other useful orthogonal main-effect plans for asymmetrical factorial experiments can be constructed by collapsing the 2 m q k -level factor. All the plans constructed are saturated and provide orthogonal estimates of the mean and all main effects when all interactions are assumed to be zero.
Minimal change nephrotic syndrome with Guillain-Barré syndrome

A 17-year-old white male with a diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) developed severe proteinuria and edema 5 days later. Renal biopsy confirmed minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). To our knowledge this is the first report of such an association between ex novo MCNS and GBS in a pediatric patient. The NS responded to steroid therapy. The pertinent literature is reviewed.
6 – Temporal Change in Occupational Mobility: Evidence for Men in the United States

In a reanalysis of trend data on occupational mobility among men in the United States, we define ways in which movement among occupation groups across generations might be constant even when the occupational structure is changing. Our analysis suggests that no change has taken place in occupational mobility (as specified by our definition). Rather, the changing occupational distribution is the major factor affecting patterns of intergenerational occupational mobility. This implies the possibility of constructing occupational mobility tables for times when the age-specific occupation distribution is known, but no mobility survey has been carried out. Moreover, rather than treating the underlying process of mobility as a variable in comparative research and the variation in the distribution of occupations as a disturbance, it may be more fruitful to treat transformations of the occupational structure as problematic in comparative mobility research.
Climate Since A.D. 1500

The editors of this impressive volume are to be congratulated for gathering a stellar collection of thirty-three authoritative papers on the most recent period of climate history. In addition to providing thirty-three pages of introduction and conclusion, the editors also coauthored two important papers for the volume. This book will become a standard reference for the interdisciplinary climatic change community. Climate Since A.D. 1500 is divided into four sections: documentary evidence, dendroclimatic evidence, ice-core evidence, and forcing factors. In all, there are twelve papers using documentary evidence, eleven using dendroclimatic evidence, five on ice-core evidence, and three on forcing factors. The documentary papers cover Canada, the northeastern United States, Ireland, central Europe, northern Italy, the former Soviet Union, China, and Japan, with temporal coverage ranging from 1500 to very near the present.
Management of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis/Paresis: A Laryngologist's Perspective

This manuscript is a follow up to a panel presentation on “Vocal Fold Paresis & Paralysis: Controversies in Evaluation & Management,” which was held during the 2011 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Convention in San Diego, California. In addition to me, the other members of the panel included Sarah L. Schneider, MS, CCC-SLP, Director, Speech-Language Pathology Service, UCSF Voice and Swallowing Center; Nelson Roy, PhD, Professor, Speech & Language Pathology, Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Utah; and Marshall Smith, MD, Professor of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah. During the panel, I was tasked with presenting the reasons for controversies in the diagnosis and management of vocal fold paralysis. In this manuscript, I will summarize my portion of that presentation and will provide additional information on management options for unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) from the perspective of a laryngologist.
Substance use and driving: the coexistence of risky and safe behaviors.

Aims. Two risky behaviors (driving after drinking/getting drunk, riding with drinking drivers) and two safe behaviors (deciding not to drive under the ine uence of alcohol (DUI), preventing someone else from DUI) were examined in relation to use frequency and friends’ DUI to determine whether individuals tend to engage in both types of behaviors. Design. Self-report questionnaires were administered to a random sample of 1233 young adults in New Jersey (USA) on two occasions (mean age 21 and mean age 28). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the goodness of e t of a hypothesized model of cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships. Findings. Relationships between the four behaviors were strongly positive for men and women at both occasions and were substantially accounted for by use frequency and friends’ DUI. At the later age, however, it was necessary to add non-recursive pathways to the model, which were different for men and women. Conclusions. Findings suggest that (1) riding with drinking drivers plays an important role in the maintenance of the other behaviors and (2) most individuals vacillate between risky and safe behaviors indicating that drinking contexts are best viewed as risky decision-making situations requiring individuals to choose between riskier and safer courses of action.
Principles for Developing Interplanetary Spacecraft Fault Management Systems

While fault management has long been a critical component of the system engineering process to reduce mission risk, there has also been an absence of clear and concise principles to direct this process. A fault management process, first used on the NASA Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission, for developing interplanetary fault management systems is presented to address this concern. A set of fault management design principles (mission design, critical scenarios, redundancy philosophy, and safing strategy) is presented with supporting examples from three deep-space NASA missions. These key principles are the driving force behind the fault management design and are integrated together through a process that follows the product lifecycle from concept development through integration and test. The result is clear and concise fault management principles that can be applied to interplanetary missions.
Cutoff rate of coded FH/MFSK with neural network jamming state information generator

A neural network approach to jamming state information (JSI) generation is presented. A coded frequency-hopped M-ary frequency-shift-keying system under partial-band noise jamming, plus additive white Gaussian noise is considered. Two cases of the neural network JSI generators are simulated: (1) with and (2) without knowledge of partial-band jamming fraction. Cutoff rate performance criteria are employed. The neural network JSI generators can offer significantly better performance than a JSI generator with a maximum a posteriori rule based on the total energy received in the M-tone signaling bands. >
Minimum contrast estimation in fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process: Continuous and discrete sampling

The paper shows that the distribution of the normalized minimum contrast estimator of the drift parameter in the fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process observed over [0, T] converges to the standard normal distribution with an uniform error rate of the order O(T−1/2) for the case H > 1/2 where H is the Hurst exponent of the fractional Brownian motion driving the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Then based on discrete observations, it introduces several approximate minimum contrast estimators and studies their rate of of weak convergence to normal distribution.