cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Singularities in a Two-Fluid Stokes Flow with a Plane Interface

A modified image method is presented for obtaining the solutions of the fundamental singularities in the neighborhood of a plane interface between two semi-infinite, immiscible, and incompressible viscous fluids. The fundamental singularities considered are the stokeslet, rotlet, stresslet, stokes-doublet, source, and source-doublet. The Galerkin vector function representation introduced reduces the complexity of the expressions for the solutions. Moreover, the physical meaning of each solution is clearly identified by these new expressions.
An inequality paradigm for probabilistic knowledge the augmented logic of conditional probability intervals

An important aspect of knowledge representation in AI systems is how to represent and reason with probabilistic statements. We observe that a starting set of probabilistic statements, each assigning a unique value to the probability of some sentence (perhaps conditional on some other sentence), in general does not determine a unique value for every sentence of interest. Rather, this probabilistic theory only determines an upper and a lower bound on the probability for each sentence of interest. Most approaches to probabilistic reasoning in AI nevertheless have been oriented toward unique-valued probability (e.g. MYCIN [17, 1], PROSPECTOR [5, 10], Maximum Entropy [11, 12, 10,3]). In order to "converge" to unique values, they have been forced to make powerful additional assumptions (e.g. of independence), and/or to ask delimited questions (i.e. to perform limited inference); often this has led to problems. The assumptions may be unjustified in the domain, or even outright inconsistent, either internally or in presence of other probabilistic information. The limitations on inference may be undesirable. To what extent a particular probabilistic conclusion depends on the assumptions made is often unclear.
What Factors Contribute to Headache-Related Disability in Teens?

Abstract Background Our aim was to describe the relationship between risk factors, such as stress, depression, and anxiety, and potentially protective factors against pediatric headache-related disability, such as mindfulness, resilience, and self-compassion, and to determine teens' interest in mind-body skills training to help reduce headache-related disability. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey among adolescents seen in an academic neurology clinic reporting four or more headaches monthly using standardized instruments to determine the relationship between putative risk and protective factors as well as physiologic markers of inflammation and vagal tone and headache-related disability. Results Among the 29 participants, 31% were male, the average age was 14.8 years, average headache frequency was 11.6 per month, and the most commonly reported trigger was stress (86%). The only risk or protective factor significantly associated with headache-related disability was depression (r = 0.52, P = 0.004). Depression was negatively correlated with mindfulness, resilience, and self-compassion ( P P Discussion Among teens with frequent migraine headaches, depression is the strongest risk factor for headache-related disability. Stress is viewed as a headache trigger, and teens reported wanting to learn simple stress management strategies supported by a smart phone application to help reduce headache-related disability.
Securing Circuits against Constant-Rate Tampering

We present a compiler that converts any circuit into one that remains secure even if a constant fraction of its wires are tampered with. Following the seminal work of Ishaii¾?et.i¾?al.i¾?Eurocrypt 2006, we consider adversaries who may choose an arbitrary set of wires to corrupt, and may set each such wire toi¾?0 or toi¾?1, or may toggle with the wire. We prove that such adversaries, who continuously tamper with the circuit, can learn at most logarithmically many bits of secret information in addition to black-box access to the circuit. Our results are information theoretic.
At the Crossroads between Hermeneutics and Religious Experience

Let us begin this chapter by making a biographical observance, by considering an intimate detail of Heidegger’s place of dwelling. In his impressive biography Encounters and Dialogues with Martin Heidegger, Heinrich Petzet reveals an unexpected memento which Heidegger kept on his desk for inspiration, a picture of Dostoevsky.1 For Heidegger, Dostoevsky’s work provides a pause in the inevitable march of modern progress, a reminder of the limitations of rationality—of guilt, death, and suffering—which mark the vestige of darkness never to be eradicated by the light of reason. In commenting on Heidegger’s early development, Gadamer writes: “The appropriation of Dostoevsky also plays an immense role at this time. The radicality of this portrayal of human beings, the passionate questioning of society and progress, the intensive fashioning and suggestive conjuring up of human obsessions and labyrinths of the soul—one could continue endlessly.”2 Yet in this apparent retreat to the “irrational,” Dostoevsky’s novels prefigure neither existentialism nor contemporary atheism, as is customarily taught. Indeed, neither of these “isms” do justice to the profounder spirituality which prompted the novelist’s struggle to locate the precarious place of faith in the modern world. His own conviction of Eastern Orthodoxy reaffirms the individual’s need for redemption in a life beset by pathos, cruelty, and arbitrariness.
EPLIN, epithelial protein lost in neoplasm.

We have identified a novel cytoskeletal protein, EPLIN (Epithelial Protein Lost In Neoplasm), that is preferentially expressed in human epithelial cells. Two EPLIN isoforms, a 600 amino acid EPLIN-α and a 759 amino acid EPLIN-β, are detected in primary epithelial cells of oral mucosa, prostate and mammary glands. The expression of EPLIN-α is either down-regulated or lost in the majority of oral cancer cell lines (8/8), prostate cancer cell lines (4/4) and xenograft tumors (3/3), and breast cancer cell lines (5/6). The amino acid sequence of EPLIN is characterized by the presence of a single centrally located LIM domain. Both EPLIN isoforms localize to filamentous actin and suppress cell proliferation when overexpressed. These findings indicate that the loss of EPLIN seen in cancer cells may play a role in cancer progression.
Thermoelectric Cooling Analysis Using Modified Graphical Method

Comprehensive analysis of thermoelectric cooling systems involves many parametric equations, which require solving complex mathematical or computation-fluid-dynamic (CFD) models. In this study, a Modified-Graphical Method (MGM) based on previous study by Lineykin and Ben-Yaakov is proposed to analyze an active cooling system using thermoelectric module. The MGM provides quicker visualization of the cooling requirement using only common parameters from TEC manufacturers to obtain pertinent design information such as the optimum operating currents, temperature of the hot side and coefficient of performance (COP).Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Eicosanoids in immune-mediated renal injury.

NVESTIGATIONS on the role of eicosanoids in immune-mediated renal injury have spanned more than a decade and continue to provide new knowledge on the importance of these lipid compounds in the pathophysiology of various forms of renal immune injury, such as glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, and kidney allograft rejection. There is now ample evidence to implicate specific eicosanoids in participating in a number of pathobiological processes known to occur in immune-mediated renal injury that can result in end-stage renal failure, if allowed to progress. Table 1 outlines these processes and correlates them with specific eicosanoids that have been shown to play a regulatory role in each process. 1-24 It is apparent that specific eicosanoids can be linked to one or more processes, such as renal hemodynamic impairment, cellular proliferation, or extracellular matrix synthesis. Because it is now feasible to effectively and selectively inhibit the synthesis or action of specific eicosanoids, investigations to define the role of eicosanoids in mediating these processes in renal immune injury hold promise in that the information accrued can lead to new therapeutic strategies to treat patients with various forms of immune-mediated renal injury, which remains a most frequent cause of end-stage renal failure. Indeed, a wealth of information has become available from such investigations and is reviewed in this article.
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 may promote follicle selection in the hen.

In the hen, optimal ovulation rate depends on selection of a single follicle into the pre-ovulatory hierarchy. Follicle selection is associated with increased oocyte growth and changes in gene expression in granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte, in preparation for ovulation. This study investigated the expression, function and regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP15) during follicle development in the hen. BMP15 mRNA expression was analyzed in the ooplasm and granulosa cells of 3mm follicles and was confirmed to be primarily in the ooplasm. BMP15 was detected by immunoblotting in 6 and 8mm follicles near the time of follicle selection. Expression of mRNA for BMP15 receptors (BMPR1B and BMPR2) in granulosa cells increased with follicle size, indicating that BMP15 may play an important role around follicle selection. The function of BMP15 was examined by culturing granulosa cells from 3-5mm and 6-8mm follicles with recombinant human BMP15 (rhBMP15). BMP15 increased expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) mRNA and decreased anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) mRNA and occludin (OCLN), factors associated with follicle maturation and growth in the hen. Hormonal regulation of BMP15 was assessed by whole follicle culture with estradiol (E2) which increased BMP15 mRNA expression. The distinct expression pattern of BMP15 and its receptors, coupled with the effects of BMP15 to increase FSHR mRNA and decrease AMH mRNA and OCLN mRNA and protein expression suggest that the oocyte may have a role in follicle selection in the chicken.
“News is a Weapon”: Domestic Radio Propaganda and Broadcast Journalism in America, 1939–1944

Abstract On the morning of December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. The United States Congress immediately reciprocated. Later that afternoon, President Roosevelt asked his press secretary, Stephen Early, to initiate actions assuring government control over one of America's existing commercial radio networks. Using material from the Roosevelt Library, the NBC Collection at the Wisconsin Historical Society, and the Office of War Information papers, this article analyzes Roosevelt's request in the context of domestic radio propaganda planning at the start of the Second World War. It presents the first detailed account of the manner by which network executives successfully derailed the attempt to establish a domestic government radio network. Ultimately, the Roosevelt administration elected not to operate a domestic network for propaganda purposes because the commercial networks effectively performed that function. And the chief vehicle for conveying government-sanctioned (and ...
AIDS in Africa: a personal perspective.

AIDS caused by HIV-1 is prevalent in central Africa with >10/100000 cases reported in 8 countries. In Africa AIDS manifests itself primarily by wasting and diarrhea (slim disease) oropharyngeal candidiasis and Herpes zoster (belt disease) rather than pulmonary disease and Kaposis sarcoma usually seen in the West. In Uganda a modified clinical definition has 92% specificity and 52% sensitivity for 2 of 3 major signs (weight loss of 10% chronic diarrhea or fever) and 1 or more minor signs (cough pruritus herpes zoster candidiasis or lymphadenopathy). Clinicians in Africa suspect HIV if they see any atypical presentation of a disease. They have had to learn new diagnostic and therapeutic skills without continuing medical education or literature. Most African patients die of their 1st opportunistic infection. 40519 cases have been reported to WHO as of February 1990 but actual cases are estimated at 350000. AIDS is spread primarily heterosexually in Africa typically from urban prostitutes to high risk men such as truck drivers and from there to wives and contacts in outlying villages. As a result the sex ration is rising among females and deaths among young adults is leaving thousands of orphans. Since the majority of the population 94% are still uninfected including the cohort of children aged 4-15 much needs to be done to prevent spread of HIV.
Very low resistivity ohmic contact to p-type GaAs using InxGa1-xAs interlayer

A very low resistivity ohmic contact to 5×10 17 at/cm 3 beryllium doped GaAs was obtained by interposing a small bandgap p + In x Ga 1−x As layer, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, between the p-GaAs and the metallisation. The thickness of the interlayer was less than 2000 A. Specific contact resistance as low as 6.4×10 −8 Ω cm 2 was achieved. These contacts exhibit excellent adhesion, have smooth surfaces and easy to fabricate
Sonic agglomeration of aerosol particles

Carbon black was used to study the behavior of an aerosol in a sound field. The primary objective of this work was to determine the feasibility of using sonic agglomeration at low sound pressure levels (100 to 120 dB) to coagulate particles. If coagulation could be achieved, the larger particles could be collected in a subsequent removal device. Prediction of optimum conditions for maximum agglomeration was also an integral part of this analysis. Separate experiments to determine the effect of varying sound pressure level, frequency, particle mass loading in an air stream, and exposure time were conducted. Increasing the mass loading, sound pressure level and exposure time resulted in increased agglomerate size. For all tests using carbon black, optimum growth occurred at 3 kHz. It is noted that the mean particle diameter in a carbon black aerosol can be increased an order of magnitude using sonic agglomeration at low sound pressure levels suggesting that this mechanism can be used effectively in industrial processes.
Interrogation of Base Pairing of the Spiroiminodihydantoin Diastereomers Using the α-Hemolysin Latch.

Spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) is a hyperoxidized form of guanine (G) resulting from oxidation by reactive oxygen species. The lesion is highly mutagenic, and the stereocenter renders the two isomers with distinct behaviors in chemical, spectroscopic, enzymatic, and computational studies. In this work, the α-hemolysin (αHL) latch sensing zone was employed to investigate the base pairing properties of the Sp diastereomers embedded in a double-stranded DNA. Duplexes containing (S)-Sp consistently gave deeper current blockage, and a baseline resolution of ∼0.8 pA was achieved between (S)-Sp:G and (R)-Sp:G base pairs. Ion fluxes were generally more hindered when Sp was placed opposite pyrimidines. Analysis of the current noise of blockade events further provided dynamics information about the Sp-containing base pairs. In general, base pairs comprised of (S)-Sp generated current fluctuations larger than those of their (R)-Sp counterparts, suggesting enhanced base pairing dynamics. The current noise was also substa...
Step out of the lab and engage

Last month I found myself sitting on a leather couch, my black dress smoothed over my knees, in a hushed wood-paneled room in Washington, D.C. The silence was broken by a group of lobbyists for the aerospace industry bantering about labor costs. I panicked for a moment. “Why am I here waiting in
The HCUP SID Imputation Project: Improving Statistical Inferences for Health Disparities Research by Imputing Missing Race Data.

Objective To identify the most appropriate imputation method for missing data in the HCUP State Inpatient Databases (SID) and assess the impact of different missing data methods on racial disparities research. Data Sources/Study Setting HCUP SID. Study Design A novel simulation study compared four imputation methods (random draw, hot deck, joint multiple imputation [MI], conditional MI) for missing values for multiple variables, including race, gender, admission source, median household income, and total charges. The simulation was built on real data from the SID to retain their hierarchical data structures and missing data patterns. Additional predictive information from the U.S. Census and American Hospital Association (AHA) database was incorporated into the imputation. Principal Findings Conditional MI prediction was equivalent or superior to the best performing alternatives for all missing data structures and substantially outperformed each of the alternatives in various scenarios. Conclusions Conditional MI substantially improved statistical inferences for racial health disparities research with the SID.
Transcriptional activity of transposable elements may contribute to gene expression changes in the syncytium formed by cyst nematode in arabidopsis roots

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic materials that constitute a large fraction of plant genomes. Recent experimental evidences indicate that TEs can play key regulatory roles in controlling the expression of adjacent genes during plant development and stress responses. Nevertheless, information about the transcriptional activity of TEs and their impact on proximal genes during plant-nematode interaction remains largely unknown. Here, we identify of differentially expressed TEs and report their possible influence on the expression of nearby genes during the susceptible interaction between the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii and Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of our RNA-seq data of H. schachtii-infected roots, and the corresponding non-infected controls, resulted in the identification of 99 and 93 differentially expressed TEs at 5 and 10 d post infection, respectively. More than 2-thirds of these TEs were activated, suggesting that H. schachtii infection induces TE activation to a much greater degree than repression. Remarkably, the majority of these TEs were located within 2 kb of protein-coding genes, many of these genes were previously found to change expression in the H. schachtii-induced feeding sites. Taken together, our analysis provides novel insight into a possible role of actively transcribed TEs in the regulation of gene transcription in the nematode feeding sites during H. schachtii parasitism of Arabidopsis.
An electrically reconfigurable logic gate intrinsically enabled by spin-orbit materials

The spin degree of freedom in magnetic devices has been discussed widely for computing, since it could significantly reduce energy dissipation, might enable beyond Von Neumann computing, and could have applications in quantum computing. For spin-based computing to become widespread, however, energy efficient logic gates comprising as few devices as possible are required. Considerable recent progress has been reported in this area. However, proposals for spin-based logic either require ancillary charge-based devices and circuits in each individual gate or adopt principals underlying charge-based computing by employing ancillary spin-based devices, which largely negates possible advantages. Here, we show that spin-orbit materials possess an intrinsic basis for the execution of logic operations. We present a spin-orbit logic gate that performs a universal logic operation utilizing the minimum possible number of devices, that is, the essential devices required for representing the logic operands. Also, whereas the previous proposals for spin-based logic require extra devices in each individual gate to provide reconfigurability, the proposed gate is 'electrically' reconfigurable at run-time simply by setting the amplitude of the clock pulse applied to the gate. We demonstrate, analytically and numerically with experimentally benchmarked models, that the gate performs logic operations and simultaneously stores the result, realizing the 'stateful' spin-based logic scalable to ultralow energy dissipation.
The Importance of Play.

This review will explore the importance of play and its impact on the health and well-being of children of all ages. Evidence that supports the importance of play will be highlighted. Additional re...
Host and viral genetics of chronic infection: a mouse model of gamma-herpesvirus pathogenesis

A general association of human and primate lymphotropic herpesviruses (γ-herpesviruses) with the development of lymphomas, as well as other tumors, especially in immunocompromised hosts, has been well documented. The lack of relevant small animal models for human γ-herpesviruses has impeded progress in understanding the role of these viruses in the development of chronic disease. Recent research characterizing infection of inbred strains of mice with a murine γ-herpesvirus, gamma-herpesvirus 68 (γHV68), is providing insights into viral and host factors involved in the establishment and control of chronic γ-herpesvirus infection.
Ossicular Reconstruction in Ears With Cholesteatoma

Following the removal of cholesteatoma with preservation of as much of the patient’s tissues as possible, ossicular, middle ear, and mastoid reconstruction is carried out. This article addresses the use of homografts and prostheses of hydroxylapatite in reconstruction.
Design of Experiments with Two- and Four-Level Factors

[This abstract is based on the author's abstract.] A guide is provided for the inclusion of four-level factors into standard two-level factorial designs. Practitioners familiar with two-level fractional factorials often are frustrated when confronted ..
Client Confidences and Client Perjury: Some Unanswered Questions

Due process requires, at a minimum, that each litigant have an opportunity to be heard.' Implicit in this fundamental rule of fairness is that being heard matters. In appellate litigation, being heard ordinarily means that each advocate will have the opportunity to present arguments to the court, in writing and orally. One of the most valuable aspects of the oral presentation is that judges typically ask questions of counsel. These questions give the advocate insight into what aspects of the case concern one or more members of the court, and they provide the opportunity to respond directly to those concerns. Since the court in any case might be closely divided, the crucial swing vote could well hinge upon the answer to a single question. Of course, a question may be hostile and intended to embarrass counsel or even to provoke an argument with another member of the court.2 Even then, however, counsel's answer to the question might help to persuade an undecided member of the court and alter the balance. After a case has been decided on a close vote, it can be useful to consider how different answers to the judges' questions might affect a later case. Also, if judges display an interest in particular issues during oral argument, but then leave those issues unresolved in their opinions, there is reason to infer that the issues have been left to decide in a later
1.13 – Mitogenesis

Tissue-specific disturbances in cell growth and differentiation comprise important aspects of the effect of toxic chemicals. While these responses can sometimes represent neoplastic change, this chapter focuses on nonneoplastic changes in cell growth. These changes are typically referred to as atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and regeneration. Nonneoplastic changes may result from a variety of exogenous stimuli, including but not limited to exposure to xenobiotics. Xenobiotics may affect target tissues directly or act indirectly by modifying the physiological stimuli for effect at sites different from the target tissue. Furthermore, many xenobiotics can induce nonneoplastic and neoplastic responses in the same tissue.
Cracking the Code: Using Data to Combat the Opioid Crisis

The goal of this article is to understand the value of data and to call for efforts to explore improved data sharing and collection among local, state, and federal agencies. It discusses the data available and existing barriers to sharing it. It also looks at examples of data sharing initiatives and analysis, such as mapping and visualization tools. The article then examines relevant regulations and calls for reforms. Finally, the article considers objections, including privacy interests, data security, and the costs and benefits of data sharing initiatives.
Concept for Rendering Optimizations for Full Human Field of View HMDs

To enable high immersion for virtual reality head-mounted displays (HMDs), a wide field of view of the display is required. Today's consumer solutions are mostly around 90 to 110 degrees field of view. The full human field of view for both eyes together has been measured to be between 200 and 220 degrees. Prototypes of HMDs with such properties have been shown. As the rendering workload increases with more pixels to fill the field of view, we propose a novel rendering method optimized for HMDs that cover the full human field of view. We target lower end HMDs where the cost of eye tracking would increase the price too much. Our method works without eye tracking, making use of certain human vision properties that appear once the full human field of view is covered. We achieve almost twice the rendering performance using our method.
Plotting abandonment: Excavating a ritual deposit at the Wari site of Cerro Baúl

Abstract Ritual was an effective power building strategy in many archaic states and early empires. In this paper we describe the ritual abandonment of a palace residence at the Wari site of Cerro Baul in southern Peru. This exclusive ritual event brought provincial and local elites together and included a funerary internment, feasting, and the intentional creation of numerous and varied offerings throughout the structure. We document the patterning and contents of these deposits including food animals, non-consumable and exotic animals, lithics, and broken ceramic vessels. We posit that lavish offerings such as the one we document here were sponsored by the state and communicated institutional facts to participants. Elements of these rituals may have been repeated across the Wari Empire and been integral to Wari institutions. As such, the study of ritual depositions and other patterned practices may be one means by which the presence of Wari elites or control by the Wari polity may be assessed through material remains. The features of ritual deposits may shed light on the strategies elites used to exert power over their subjects. This methodology may have broad application in the study of expansive polities in the Andes and elsewhere.
Vertical Wind-Tunnel Testing of Steerable Cruciform Parachute System

This paper presents an experimental approach for testing a steerable cruciform parachute system using a vertical wind tunnel. A controller to stabilize the canopy heading is developed and tuned. A ...
The Associated Friends in Volume 2:1

With the assistance of the Associated Friends as a body and of several members who contributed as individuals, the Library was able last May to purchase a number of important manuscripts relating to the history of New Jersey. This material came on the market at the sale in New York of the library of J. Lawrence Boggs.
Integrated Fibre Detection Architectures for Distributed Quantum Magnetometry

Here we constructed a water-immersible 90-meter-long fully-integrated fiber system that allows distributed quantum magnetic sensing over large distances with a sensitivity of 63 nT Hz-1/2. Applications include remote detection of ferrous metals geophysics and biosensing. © 2019 The Author(s)
Multiple Imputation for Incomplete Data in Environmental Epidemiology Research.

Incomplete data are a common problem in statistical analysis of environmental epidemiological research. However, many researchers still ignore this complication. We evaluate the performance of two commonly used multiple imputation (MI) methods (fully conditional specification and multivariate normal) for handling missing data and compare them to complete case analysis (CCA) method. We further discuss issues that arise when these methods are being used. MI is a simulation-based approach to deal with incomplete data. In general, MI will perform better then ad hoc techniques such as CCA. MI is an approach which replaces the missing data with plausible values and allows for additional uncertainty due to the missing information caused by the incomplete data. To illustrate this, we use data of 944 women from the Collaborative Perinatal Project and compare estimates between these methods. The goal is to examine if each of two outcomes, birth-weight and spontaneous abortion, in the data set are associated with mothers’ smoking status during pregnancy adjusting for baseline covariates in the model. Results indicate that MI is better suited for handling incomplete data and led to a significant improvement in parameter estimates compared to CCA. The two MI methods produced similar point estimates, but slightly different standard errors.
Dual-Reference Design for Holographic Phase Retrieval

A new reference design is introduced for holographic coherent diffraction imaging. This consists in two references—"block" and "pinhole" shaped regions—placed adjacent to the imaging specimen. Analysis of the expected recovery error on noisy data—contaminated by Poisson shot noise—shows that this simple modification synergizes the individual references and hence leads to uniformly superior performance over single-reference schemes. Numerical experiments on simulated data confirm the theoretical prediction, and the proposed dual-reference scheme achieves a smaller recovery error than leading single-reference schemes. A full version of this paper is available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.02492.
Fetal brain and placental programming in maternal obesity: A review of human and animal model studies

Both human epidemiologic and animal model studies demonstrate that prenatal and lactational exposure to maternal obesity and high-fat diet are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Neurodevelopmental outcomes described in offspring of obese women include cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and depression, disordered eating, and propensity for reward-driven behavior, among others. This review synthesizes human and animal data linking maternal obesity and high-fat diet consumption to abnormal fetal brain development, and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric morbidity in offspring. It highlights key mechanisms by which maternal obesity and maternal diet impact fetal and offspring development, and sex differences in offspring programming. In addition, we review placental effects of maternal obesity, and the role the placenta might play as an indicator vs mediator of fetal programming.
Shrouded in Dust

The measured drawing of a “‘N_____ ’ Camp” is a small speck in a sea of information contained in an atlas of New Village, New Jersey (Figure 1). There are lands and houses with their owners clearly...
From Culture to People: Thinking Anthropologically with Jesus and Paul

The culture concept has been crucial to anthropology. Yet, I argue against its use. I examine how Jesus and Paul interacted with, and focused on, people and contend that we shift our attention from culture to people. Human diversity and difference should no longer be categorized into different cultures as relative, bounded and divisive units. Rather, we should view it as an integral part of humanity’s commonality. Shifting our attention to people as cultural beings also means a move beyond a preoccupation with knowledge by embracing practical, reflexive, and ontological engagements with others. It is only when we try to understand specific people’s diverse perspectives and the way they see themselves and the world, that we can take them seriously. This opens up anthropology, both at a theoretical level and by collaborating with other disciplines, including theology.
Treatment of Fungal Infections

The frequency of fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia has increased substantially during the past decade. For many years, these infections occurred predominantly among patients with advanced leukemia who were no longer responding to antileukemic chemotherapy. Recently systemic infections are occurring during the initial remission induction period. In one study, the major cause offailure of initial antileukemic therapy was death due to infection and 40% of these deaths were due to fungal infection [1]. The syndrome of chronic disseminated candidiasis (hepatosplenic candidiasis), a rare infection in the 1960s, has increased substantially during the last decade. Furthermore, many new pathogens have been recognized in these patients [2].
The Prediction of Fracture Risk with Densitometry

In Chapter 3 it was noted that there are several ways to assess the risk of any outcome. The more commonly used measures of risk are prevalence, incidence, absolute and relative risk, and odds ratios. All of these measures can be employed in the specific context of the assessment of fracture risk. In densitometry, new measures of risk are being employed as well, such as the fracture threshold, lifetime risk, and remaining-lifetime fracture probability. A physician may choose to use whichever measure of risk best conveys the clinical importance of the patient’s BMD.
After the Rain

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph. "When I was a child, I walked to school with my mother. The path we took led us through undeveloped land, over a creek, and past hedgerows. If it had rained in the night, there was a patch of wild roses that would still have large drops of water clinging to their stems, which caught the morning light and sparkled in every color of the rainbow. We called those “Angels’ Tears.” This the world seen through the lens of faith is available in Verbum: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/verbum/vol11/iss2/8
VLSI-implementable classically conditioned neural elements

Hardware implementation of the phenomena of classical conditioning is discussed. The circuits are built around a programmable floating gate synapse studied in earlier works and thought to be a part of an impulse neural network. Simulation results related to phenomena such as acquisition and its extinction, blocking and second order conditioning are presented. The methodology followed is that of using specialized cells. This method further allows the realization of phenomena currently under investigation such as facilitation, sensitization and habituation. Current research involves the use of pulse coded Hebbian laws in search of economical circuitry for VLSI implementation. >
Numerical Trivial Automorphisms of Enriques Surfaces in Arbitrary Characteristic

We extend to arbitrary characteristic some known results on automorphisms of complex Enriques surfaces that act identically on the cohomology or the cohomology modulo torsion.
Literacy, Place, and Migration in Philadelphia among Ethnic Chinese

This paper seeks to introduce the need for scholars interested in literacy, geography, and cultural studies to examine the role of English language literacy in shaping assimilation experiences of recent immigrant groups. We consider a case study of English language self-efficacy among ethnic Chinese immigrants in the Philadelphia metropolitan area to suggest how language, place, and economic participation are mutually constructed. We conducted interviews with 21 individuals to gain insights about how they perceived this relationship. We also considered the effects of English language self-efficacy on the geographic extent of their daily activities. Perhaps it is not surprising that those who reported stronger English language skills had larger activity spheres in the metropolitan region. Among those who did not note strong language skills, Philadelphia's historic Chinatown remained prominent as a place of economic participation and center for daily activities and cultural cohesion. We suggest that more attention to the role of literacy and language self-efficacy is warranted among geographers interested in migration studies, assimilation experiences, and workforce participation issues related to immigrant groups.
Performance evaluation of optimal wavelength allocation and flow assignment for optical networks using profit maximization under demands uncertainty

Transport service providers need control and optimization strategies for wavelength management, network provisioning, restoration and protection, allowing them to define and deploy new services offers. In the paper, we further investigate a demand elasticity based model for wavelength and flow assignment in multiwavelength optical networks, proposed in previous works of the authors. This model assumes that the physical and logical topology of the optical network and the total utilization cost for all physical links are known parameters. It is further assumed that the transport service provider operates as monopolist on the telecommunication market. A mixed integer optimization is employed to determine wavelength allocation and flow assignment of the requested traffic demand. One of the novelties introduced by the authors in their previous works is the optimization cost function, used for the profit maximization of the transport service supplier. The novelty in this paper is taking into consideration the bandwidth demand uncertainty as one of the key factors in estimating the transport service provider's profit. Case studies and performance evaluation are presented.
Expression of Sindbis virus 26S cDNA in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells, using a baculovirus expression vector.

Abstract To study protein processing in an insect Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; Sf9) cell line, a 26S cDNA encoding the sequence of Sindbis virus structural proteins (capsid protein, of 30 kilodaltons [kDa]; p62 [the precursor of E3 and E2], of 62 kDa; a 6-kDa peptide; and the E1 protein, of 56 kDa) was inserted into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) adjacent to the polyhedrin promoter. By immunoblot analysis with antisera directed against whole Sindbis virus and the individual structural proteins (capsid, E2, and E1), we have shown that polypeptides similar in size and antigenicity to those synthesized in Sindbis virus-infected BHK cells are expressed in Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus Ac373-SV26. By pulse-chase labeling in the presence or absence of tunicamycin, by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo-H) treatment of the recombinant glycoproteins, and by N-terminal sequence analysis of the E1 envelope glycoprotein, we have further shown that the 26S transcription translation unit of Sindbis virus, although normally encoded by nonnuclear RNA, is expressed and proteolytically cleaved similarly, if not identically, in Sf9 cells as compared with BHK cells when a baculovirus expression vector is used.
Indole-3-Carbinol and Prostate Cancer

Epidemiological and dietary studies have revealed an association between high dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables and decreased prostate cancer risk. Our studies have shown that indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a common phytochemical in cruciferous vegetables, and its in vivo dimeric product 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) upregulate the expression of phase I and phase II enzymes, suggesting increased capacity for detoxification and inhibition of carcinogens. Studies from our laboratory and others have found that I3C can induce G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. In addition, we found, by microarray gene expression profiling, that I3C and DIM regulate many genes that are important for the control of cell cycle, cell proliferation, signal transduction, and other cellular processes, suggesting the pleiotropic effects of I3C and DIM on prostate cancer cells. We recently found that I3C functions as an inhibitor of Akt and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), which play important roles in cell survival and which are believed to be potential targets in cancer therapy. Studies have already shown that the inactivation of Akt and NF-kappaB is responsible for chemosensitization of chemoresistant cancer cells. Because there is no effective treatment strategy for hormone-dependent and, most importantly, hormone-independent and metastatic prostate cancer, our strategies to sensitize prostate cancer cells to a chemotherapeutic agent by I3C and DIM is a novel breakthrough that could be used for devising novel therapies for prostate cancer. In conclusion, the results from our laboratory and from others provide ample evidence for the benefit of I3C and DIM for the prevention and the treatment of prostate cancer.
Correlates of posttraumatic growth in survivors of intimate partner violence

The negative consequences of intimate partner violence are well documented. This study investigated the possibility that some survivors of intimate partner violence may also experience posttraumatic growth because of their struggle with this highly stressful circumstance. In addition, the relationships between posttraumatic growth and relationship status, type of abuse, depression, and availability of models of posttraumatic growth were examined. Most women reported posttraumatic growth. Overall abuse experienced and depression were unrelated to posttraumatic growth, but abuse was related to one domain of growth. Contact with a model of posttraumatic growth and having left an abusive relationship were both positively related to posttraumatic growth.
Ontogeny of insulin binding during chick skeletal myogenesis in vitro

Abstract Our studies show that insulin receptors exist on chicken skeletal muscle cells at all developmental stages in culture. 125I-labeled insulin binding at physiological concentrations to mature myotubes demonstrated saturability, binding proportional to cell number, reversibility, and specificity by competition with native hormone which reduced specific binding by 40% with 1 ng/ml and was maximal with 10 μg/ml. Further evidence for specificity was shown by no competition of insulin specific binding with insulin A chain, insulin B chain, growth hormone, and thyrotropin. Two binding sites were detected, with affinity constants of 1010 M−1 and 2 × 109 M−1. The hormone receptor complex showed rapid dissociation (70% in 30 min) after equilibrium binding. During myogenesis, an increase in insulin receptors occurs from 500 per proliferating myoblast to 3000 per cell equivalent in mature (6 day) myotubes. Since these studies demonstrate that insulin receptors are present and other studies have shown that insulin is present during most of chicken embryogenesis, insulin may regulate muscle development in vivo to a greater degree than previously suspected.
Cytoplasmic Dynein Contains a Family of Differentially Expressed Light Chains

Cytoplasmic dynein contains a series of accessory proteins associated with the motor containing heavy chains.1 These include three distinct classes of light chains (Mr < approximately 22 000). Here we demonstrate that a previously cloned protein termed rp3 is a bona fide Mr 14 000 light chain component of this microtubule motor complex. The rp3 polypeptide is approximately 55% identical to the Tctex1 dynein light chain, and together, these two proteins define one branch of a diverse family of Mr 14 000 light chains associated with both cytoplasmic and flagellar dyneins. The Tctex1 and rp3 light chains are differentially expressed in various tissues: rp3 is most prevalent in liver and brain cytoplasmic dynein, whereas those tissues contain the least amounts of Tctex1. Immunofluorescence analysis was consistent with the tissue-specific distribution of these proteins and revealed that both rp3 and Tctex1 are present in multiple perinuclear punctate particles. Furthermore, in two cell lines, rp3 was found associated with an elongated structure located in the layer of cytoplasm above the nucleus. Electrophoretic/immunological analysis indicates that there are only single isoforms for these proteins in brain and PC-12 cells, suggesting that alterations in the Mr 14 000 light chains of dynein are achieved at the level of the individual proteins and not by posttranslational modification. Dissection of the cytoplasmic dynein complex revealed that Tctex1, an Mr 8000 LC dimer, and IC74 associate to define a basal-located intermediate chain/light chain complex analogous to that found in flagellar outer arm dynein.
Trends, prospects and challenges in quantifying flow and transport through fractured rocks

Among the current problems that hydrogeologists face, perhaps there is none as challenging as the characterization of fractured rock (Faybishenko and Benson 2000). This paper discusses issues associated with the quantification of flow and transport through fractured rocks on scales not exceeding those typically associated with single- and multi-well pressure (or flow) and tracer tests. As much of the corresponding literature has focused on fractured crystalline rocks and hard sedimentary rocks such as sandstones, limestones (karst is excluded) and chalk, so by default does this paper. Direct quantification of flow and transport in such rocks is commonly done on the basis of fracture geometric data coupled with pressure (or flow) and tracer tests, which therefore form the main focus. Geological, geophysical and geochemical (including isotope) data are critical for the qualitative conceptualization of flow and transport in fractured rocks, and are being gradually incorporated in quantitative flow and transport models, in ways that this paper unfortunately cannot describe but in passing. The hydrogeology of fractured aquifers and other earth science aspects of fractured rock hydrology merit separate treatments. All evidence suggests that rarely can one model flow and transport in a fractured rock consistently by treating it as a uniform or mildly nonuniform isotropic continuum. Instead, one must generally account for the highly erratic heterogeneity, directional dependence, dual or multicomponent nature and multiscale behavior of fractured rocks. One way is to depict the rock as a network of discrete fractures (with permeable or impermeable matrix blocks) and another as a nonuniform (single, dual or multiple) continuum. A third way is to combine these into a hybrid model of a nonuniform continuum containing a relatively small number of discrete dominant features. In either case the description can be deterministic or stochastic. The paper contains a brief assessment of these trends in light of recent experimental and theoretical findings, ending with a short list of prospects and challenges for the future.
Adaptation of centers of approximation for nonlinear tracking control

Sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability and exponential convergence of tracking control for nonlinear systems have proliferated in recent research. Various theories for stability have been related to, and rely upon, the functional form of the governing nonlinear equations, the linearizability of the governing equations by canonical (Lie) transformations, the linear appearance of adaptive parameters, and the richness of the input excitation. Previously, sufficient conditions have been derived for a class of Hamiltonian adaptive tracking control problems using radial basis function approximants. We demonstrate that a crucial element determining the performance of this class of tracking control methodologies is the location of the centers of approximation in the radial basis approximant/network. A learning vector quantization algorithm is employed to simultaneously adapt both the centers of approximation and the feedback gains. The simultaneous adaptation of both approximant centers in configuration space and feedback gains can demonstrate remarkable improvements in convergence rate, as compared to adaptation of feedback gains alone.