cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Life-tables for the house cricket, Acheta domesticus L., and the effect of intra-specific factors on longevity

Abstract A study was made of the adult survival patterns of a laboratory population of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus L., and it was found that the mean adult life-span of the crickets in the experimental conditions was between 30 and 40 days. The crickets were maintained on a constant diet and in defined environmental conditions, in three replicated series: (1) held in groups, both sexes together; (2) held in groups, sexes segregated; (3) held individually. From the observed differences in the mortality patterns among these series it was deduced that at least two intra-specific factors, a ‘mating effect’ and a ‘group effect’, can affect the longevity patterns in this species.
Identification of Low-Organic-Content Soils: An Engineering Approach

From a geotechnical engineering perspective, the presence of organic matter in soils can often be a concern, because of its negative impact on many mechanical properties and its potential interference with soil stabilization reactions. For this reason, many regulating agencies have strict limits on the maximum allowable organic content in subgrade soils and backfills, requiring that it fall below a threshold value in the 2 %−7 % range. Methods currently used in practice for the identification of organic soils and for the quantification of organic matter have shortcomings when applied to soils with organic matter content less than ∼10 %−15 %. For such soils, the loss on ignition often overestimates the true organic content, and the criteria employed by the ASTM and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials classification systems are generally insensitive to the presence of these amounts of organic matter. This paper presents the results of a study conducted to identify a practical approach for the identification of soils with organic content in the 3 %−15 % range. The study explored the relationship between true organic content, as determined through the dry combustion test, and the results of three tests: loss on ignition, Atterberg limits (with and without oven drying), and the colorimetric test. Tests were conducted on a number of natural soil samples, select clay minerals, and three types of laboratory-prepared soils. It was found that the combined use of these tests is effective in screening soils for the presence of percentages of organic matter in the 3 %−15 % range. Results of thermal gravimetric analyses, differential scanning calorimetry, and x-ray diffraction analyses performed on select tests provide an improved scientific understanding of the results.
Lipid synthesis and extrusion by freshly isolated zooxanthellae (symbiotic algae)

Zooxanthellae (symbiotic algae) from the same head of Stylophora pistillata were isolated at different times of the day over a period of 5 d and examined by phase contrast light microscopy. The percentage of isolated algal cells with extruding (blebbing) triglyceride droplets reached a maximum value of 11–13% between 14:00 and 19:00 hrs and exhibited a minimum value of 5–7% in the early morning. Wax esters were not synthesized by isolated algae. The diameter of the fat droplets varied from <1 μm to over 5 μm. Droplets appeared to originate within and were held next to the algal cell by the limiting outer membrane of the algal cell. Various stages of extrusion or sloughing of outer limiting membrane vesicles by the algal cells were observed. Although these spherical vesicles often contained fat droplets, their density was high enough that they often sedimented with the algal cells during gentle (1 000 g's) centrifugation. The percentage of freshly isolated cells undergoing division averaged 2% with a slightly higher value of 4% observed in the early morning. Microscopic evidence suggests that fat droplets and vesicles of outer limiting membrane from zooxanthellae are translocated into animal cells during coelenterate symbiosis.
Food Expenditures Away From Home by Type of Meal

A nonnormal and heteroscedastic double-hurdle model is used to study household expenditures on breakfast, lunch and dinner away from home in the United States. In the 1992–93 period, nearly 40% of households purchased breakfast, and about three quarters of households purchased lunch or dinner in a two-week period. Wife's employment has a positive effect on the probability and level of lunch and dinner expenditures but not on breakfast expenditures. Income effects are all statistically significant and positive. The role of household composition. other demographics and region are also important. Un modele non normal et heteroscedastique a deux contraintes est utilise pour etudier les depenses du menage affectees a la consommation alimentaire hors foyer: petit-dejeuner, dejeuner et souper, aux Etats-Unis. Durant la periode 1992–1993, sur une periode d'enquete de deux semaines, pres de 40% des menages prenaient le petit dejeuner a l'exteieur, la proportion passant a 75% pour le dejeuner et le souper. L'emploi de lafemme de la maison a un effet positlfsur la probabilite et sur la proportion des dejeuners et des soupers pris a l'exterieur, mais pas sur celles des petits-dejeuners. Les eflets du niveau de revenu global du menage eaient tous signif;catifs et positifs, sans negliger ceux de la composition du menage et dhutres facteurs demographiques et regionaux.
Oscillatory superfluid film thinning in the presence of a bias current

Abstract It is argued that the asymmetry in the saturated superfluid film thickness change with respect to flow direction observed by Williams and Packard was due to the presence of a bias film flow. Measurements which support this view are presented.
Intergenerational Perceptions, Similarities and Differences: A Comparative Analysis of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Millennial Youth with Generation X and Baby Boomers.

This article shares the findings from a qualitative study of 49 lesbian, gay, and bisexual people from three generations: Baby Boomer, Generation X, and Millennial. Baby Boomer and Generation X perceptions of Millennials are compared to the lived experiences as told by the youth themselves. While there were more intergenerational similarities than differences, one major difference emerged: Millennials were more apt to describe fluid or multiple identities than the older generations.
Weather Modification in the Soviet Union—1976

Abstract The U.S.S.R. has a large investment in weather modification research and operations. Major cloud physics experimental facilities exist at the Institute of Experimental Meteorology and at the Institute of Geophysics of the Georgian Academy of Sciences. Hail suppression operations are being carried out over about 5 000 000 ha of farmland. Although claims of success in these activities are more modest than they were in 1969, it is still reported that the benefits far exceed the costs. There is relatively little research and, at this time, apparently only one small-scale operational program dealing with precipitation augmentation. Research in the Ukraine over the last three years has led scientists there to conclude that ice nuclei seeding of cumulonimbus clouds, over a substantial area, caused rainfall increases of about 30%. It also was reported that snow from frontal clouds was increased.
Sea ice concentration, ice temperature, and snow depth using AMSR-E data

A summary of the theoretical basis and initial performance of the algorithms that are used to derive sea ice concentration, ice temperature, and snow depth on sea ice from newly acquired Earth Observing System-Aqua/Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) radiances is presented. The algorithms have been developed and tested using historical satellite passive microwave data and are expected to provide more accurate products, since they are designed to take advantage of the wider range of frequencies and higher spatial resolution of the AMSR-E microwave instrument. Validation programs involving coordinated satellite, aircraft, and surface measurements to determine the accuracies of these sea ice products and to improve further our capability to monitor global sea ice are currently underway.
Chlorella Virus PBCV-1 Encodes a Homolog of the Bacteriophage T4 UV Damage Repair Gene denV

The bacteriophage T4 denV gene encodes a well-characterized DNA repair enzyme involved in pyrimidine photodimer excision. We have discovered the first homologs of the denV gene in chlorella viruses, which are common in fresh water. This gene functions in vivo and also when cloned in Escherichia coli. Photodamaged virus DNA can also be photoreactivated by the host chlorella. Since the chlorella viruses are continually exposed to solar radiation in their native environments, two separate DNA repair systems, one that functions in the dark and one that functions in the light, significantly enhance their survival.
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXVI. Orexin Receptor Function, Nomenclature and Pharmacology

Orexin signaling is essential for normal regulation of arousal and behavioral state control and represents an attractive target for therapeutics combating insomnia. Alternatively termed hypocretins, these neuropeptides were named to reflect sequence similarity to incretins and their potential to promote feeding. Current nomenclature reflects these molecular and biochemical discovery approaches in which HCRT, HCRTR1, and HCRTR2 genes encode prepro-orexin, the orexin 1 receptor (OX(1)) and the orexin 2 receptor (OX(2))-gene names designated by the Human Genome Organization and receptor names designated by the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Orexinergic neurons are most active during wakefulness and fall silent during inactive periods, a prolonged disruption in signaling most profoundly resulting in hypersomnia and narcolepsy. Hcrtr2 mutations underlie the etiology of canine narcolepsy, deficiencies in orexin-producing neurons are observed in the human disorder, and ablation of mouse orexin neurons or the Hcrt gene results in a narcolepsy-cataplexy phenotype. The development of orexin receptor antagonists and genetic models targeting components of the orexin pathway have elucidated the OX(2) receptor-specific role in histamine-mediated arousal and the contribution of both receptors in brainstem pathways involved in vigilance state gating. Orexin receptor antagonists of varying specificity uncovered additional roles beyond sleep and feeding that include addiction, depression, anxiety, and potential influences on peripheral physiology. Combined genetic and pharmacological approaches indicate that orexin signaling may represent a confluence of sleep, feeding, and reward pathways. Selective orexin receptor antagonism takes advantage of these properties toward the development of novel insomnia therapeutics.
Unlubricated Sliding Properties of Ion Beam and Excimer Laser Mixed Fe-Ti-C Multilayered Films

Multilayered Fe-Ti-C films consisting of eleven sublayers were vacuum deposited onto an AISI 304 stainless steel substrate and subsequently mixed using either 400 keV Xe ions or an excimer laser operating at a wavelength of 308 nm. Ion mixing was accomplished in a two step process: the multilayers were first irradiated with 1xl017 Xe/cm2 at 520 °C, after which half of the sample was irradiated with 5x1015 Xe/cm2 at 0 °C. Laser mixing was carried out at both 1.1 and 1.7 J/cm17 with the number of pulses varied between 1 and 10. Pin-on-disc studies revealed only slight differences between the two kinds of ion beam mixed samples, whereas the dry sliding properties of laser mixed samples were strongly dependent on the total fluence used. In the optimum conditions, similar friction coefficients were obtained on both kinds of samples.
Electromagnetic interference shielding reaching 70 dB in steel fiber cement

An electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 70 dB at 1.5 GHz has been attained in cement paste that contains 0.72 vol.% stainless steel fibers of diameter 8 μm and length 6 mm. The shielding is primarily by reflection. The material exhibits electrical resistivity 16 Ω cm. The presence of sand essentially does not affect the shielding effectiveness. The fibers remain effective in the presence of steel rebars. For comparison, the shielding effectiveness of a solid piece of stainless steel is 78 dB at 1.5 GHz.
A Behavior Modification Training Program for Staff Working with Drug Addicts

This paper describes a Behavior Modification Training Program, emphasizing self-control, for staff working with drug addicts. The program, which is primarily geared toward the training of paraprofessionals, takes place in ten 11/2 hour sessions and includes an overview of behavior modification as well as instruction in techniques of relaxation, desensitization, self-image improvement, behavior analysis, behavior control, assertive training, rational thinking, and how to set up and run similar behavior modification training programs for staff and patients. Since this training began at the New Jersey Neuropsychiatric Institute in November 1971, a total of 898 staff members, mostly paraprofessionals working with addicts, alcoholics, mentally ill patients, and inmates, including 53 from our own institution, 576 persons from other facilities in New Jersey, and 269 from facilities in other states, have been trained, while 2,021 patients have been trained in similar programs. Most of this training has been accom...
Donated breast milk substitutes and incidence of diarrhoea among infants and young children after the May 2006 earthquake in Yogyakarta and Central Java

Objective: Distribution of breast milk substitutes (BMS) after the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake was uncontrolled and widespread. We assessed the magnitude of BMS distribution after the earthquake, its impact on feeding practices and the association between consumption of infant formula and diarrhoea among infants and young children. Design: One month after the earthquake, caregivers of 831 children aged 0–23 months were surveyed regarding receipt of unsolicited donations of BMS, and on recent child-feeding practices and diarrhoeal illness. Setting: Community-level survey in an earthquake-affected district. Subjects: Primary caregivers of surveyed children. Results: In all, 75 % of households with an infant aged 0–5 months and 80 % of all households surveyed received donated infant formula; 76 % of all households received commercial porridge and 49 % received powdered milk. Only 32 % of 0–5-month-old infants had consumed formula before the earthquake, but 43 % had in the 24 h preceding the survey (P , 0?001). Consumption of all types of BMS was significantly higher among those who received donated commodities, regardless of age (P , 0?01). One-week diarrhoea incidence among those who received donated infant formula (25?4 %) was higher than among those who did not (11?5 %; relative risk 5 2?12, 95 % CI 5 1?34, 3?35). The rate of diarrhoea among those aged 12–23 months was around five times the pre-earthquake rate. Conclusions: There were strong associations between receipt of BMS and changes in feeding practices, and between receipt of infant formula and diarrhoea. Uncontrolled distribution of infant formula exacerbates the risk of diarrhoea among infants and young children in emergencies.
Psychosocial resources and barriers to self-management in African American adolescents with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative analysis.

PurposeThe purpose of this qualitative study was to identify psychosocial resources and barriers to self-management among African American adolescents with type 2 diabetes and their mothers.MethodsAfrican American adolescents (n = 10) aged 14 to 19 years old with type 2 diabetes for >1 year and their mothers (n = 10) were recruited from the pediatric diabetes clinic of a large medical center practice. Participants were independently interviewed and responded to a series of open-ended questions concerning illness experiences and resources and barriers to diabetes self-management. This study used a modified grounded theory approach to data coding and analysis.ResultsAdolescents and mothers shared similar perceptions of resources and barriers to self-management. Resources included mother’s role as the primary support person, emergence of greater self-efficacy and coping over time, family recognition of the seriousness of diabetes, and the presence of supportive peers. Barriers included comorbidity, dietary a...
A Shrinkage Approach to Model Uncertainty and Asset Allocation

This paper takes a shrinkage approach to examine the empirical implications of aversion to model uncertainty. The shrinkage approach explicitly shows how predictive distributions incorporate data and prior beliefs. It enables us to solve the optimal portfolios for uncertainty-averse investors. Aversion to uncertainty about the CAPM leads investors to hold a portfolio that is not mean-variance efficient for any predictive distribution. However, mean-variance efficient portfolios corresponding to extremely strong beliefs in the Fama-French model are approximately optimal for uncertainty-averse investors. The empirical Bayes approach does not deliver optimal portfolios when investors are averse to uncertainty. Uncertainty aversion does not justify U.S. investors’ home bias, and diversification benefit is robust to uncertainty about the world CAPM.
Optimal upload policies for P2P networks with system imposed constraints

One important aspect in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks is resource management since the available resources depend on the contributions made by the peers. In the absence of incentives, empirical data shows that a majority of the participants do not contribute resources. In order to deter such free-riders, some P2P systems impose constrains on the participating peers which allow a peer to gain benefit from the system (download content) as long as his resource contribution to it (uploaded content) exceeds a certain threshold. Under these system imposed constraints, we derive optimal upload policies for each peer given his estimated future download requirements and his previous contribution to the system. Our results show considerable improvements in the cost-benefit function by employing the optimal policy compared to heuristic upload policies. Moreover, the proposed P2P model is very general, and can be employed for investigating different applications, usage scenarios etc.
Wave Energy Converter with wideband power absorption

Wave energy possesses a wide frequency range for many real-world ocean locations compared to the power absorption or capture range for some proposed Wave Energy Converter (WEC) systems. Many ocean sites possess waves with a rich frequency content due either to random sea or inshore effects. This paper first demonstrates the potential missed energy extraction opportunities at three different ocean sites using the buoy parameters from a previously built WEC that utilizes an optimal control scheme. It then introduces several control strategies in the literature, in addition to a proposed wide bandwidth control strategy, and compares the amount of relative power absorption of the WEC. The proposed controller does not require acceleration feedback and can be realized with only position feedback. The design of the proposed controller is discussed and then the power absorption results are compared to optimal and other wave energy capture schemes.
Effects of Ethanol on Rat Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

The effects of ethanol on cerebellar Purkinje cells were studied in awake rats immobilized and mechanically ventilated. Single unit activity of 58 cerebellar Purkinje cells was observed for 1 to 8 hr following a single intraperitoneal administration of ethanol doses ranging from 0.25 g/kg to 3.0 g/kg. The alteration in Purkinje cell activity was related to the dose and the blood level of ethanol. Low doses of ethanol tended to excite and high doses tended to inhibit the spontaneous activity of Purkinje cells. At the peak levels of blood ethanol, cerebellar Purkinje cells often exhibited rhythmic short bursting discharges and the periodic intense activation followed by suppression. In contrast to previous observations that actions of ethanol were short, the present data indicate that cerebellar Purkinje cell activity was continuously affected for a few to several hours following a single dose of ethanol. The data are compatible with behavioral observations that impaired coordination in acute ethanol intoxication also had a similar time course.
Crystal structure of 4-chlorobenzoate:CoA ligase/synthetase in the unliganded and aryl substrate-bound states.

4-Chlorobenzoate:CoA ligase (CBAL) is a member of a family of adenylate-forming enzymes that catalyze two-step adenylation and thioester-forming reactions. In previous studies, we have provided str...
Observation of vibrational overtones by single-molecule resonant photodissociation.

Molecular ions can be held in a chain of laser-cooled atomic ions by sympathetic cooling. This system is ideal for performing high-precision molecular spectroscopy with applications in astrochemistry and fundamental physics. Here we show that this same system can be coupled with a broadband laser to discover new molecular transitions. We use three-ion chains of Ca+ and CaH+ to observe vibrational transitions via resonance-enhanced multiphoton dissociation detected by Ca+ fluorescence. On the basis of theoretical calculations, we assign the observed peaks to the transition from the ground vibrational state, ν=0 to ν=9 and 10. Our method allows us to track single-molecular events, and it can be extended to work with any molecule by using normal mode frequency shifts to detect the dissociation. This survey spectroscopy serves as a bridge to the precision spectroscopy required for molecular ion control.
Novel P1 chain-extended HIV protease inhibitors possessing potent anti-HIV activity and remarkable inverse antiviral resistance profiles

A novel series of tyrosine-derived HIV protease inhibitors was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antiviral activity against wild-type virus and two protease inhibitor-resistant viruses. All of the compounds had wild-type antiviral activities that were similar to or greater than several currently marketed HIV protease inhibitors. In addition, a number of compounds in this series were more potent against the drug-resistant mutant viruses than they were against wild-type virus.
MIMO radar waveform design for multiple extended targets using compressed sensing

In this paper we study joint radar waveform and receiver filter design to detect the presence of multiple extended targets with known impulse responses. Our approach uses a novel vector channel framework for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, which makes the problem of detecting multiple targets equivalent to reconstructing a spatially sparse radar scene and allows the use of a compressed sensing procedure to jointly optimize the radar waveforms and receiver filters with respect to a mutual coherence criterion. The proposed approach is illustrated with numerical results obtained from simulations, which show that the reconstruction error when the jointly optimized radar waveforms and receiver filters are used is less than when statically defined waveforms and receiver filters typically used in compressed sensing are employed.
Single inductor, multiple input, multiple output (SIMIMO) power mixer-charger-supply system

A hybrid energy source has become a necessary solution for micro-scale applications, like wireless sensors, because of small form factor and extended lifetime requirements. Conventional power mixer circuits use two or more inductors, which become prohibitively area intensive in micro-scale applications where area for discrete inductors is scarce and on-chip inductors are poor. Although single inductor multiple input or multiple output converters appear in recent literature, they cannot be applied to the hybrid energy source directly. A single inductor, multiple input, multiple output (SIMIMO) power mixer-charger-supply system is therefore proposed for a hybrid fuel cell-lithium ion source. The SIMIMO system adopts a novel nested hysteretic mode dual-loop control architecture, regulating both the fuel cell current and the output voltage within predetermined hysteres is windows. A SIMIMO with 67% average efficiency was designed and simulated, regulating the fuel cell current to 10mA and output voltage to 1.8V within ±20mV.
Absenteeism and the Collective Bargaining Agreement: an Empirical Test

The article presents information on a study which examined organizational policy correlates that may affect the consequences of employee absenteeism. The authors investigate causes of absenteeism a...
Diet of Sistrurus catenatus in Ontario and Ohio: Effects of Body Size and Habitat

Knowing what venomous snakes eat is relevant both to their conservation and to understanding the functional diversity of their venom proteins. We used fecal samples to quantify the diet of Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus) in Ontario and Ohio. Small mammals comprised almost the entire diet of both populations, collectively comprising 13 species, five of which were common to both populations. Consistent with their habitat use, Ontario snakes ate both forest and field mammals. The unexpected occurrence of Eastern Chipmunks (Tamias striatus) in the Ohio samples suggested that those snakes either moved out of the fields in which they were caught to feed, or encountered chipmunks dispersing along fencerows. Large snakes did not drop small prey species from their diets and the occurrence of large prey species in diets indicates that juvenile small mammals are important prey. Limited effects of snake size on diet composition suggest that ontogenetic shifts in venom composition are unlikely to occur in the Eastern Massasauga. The similarity of diets between populations makes it unlikely that populations differ in venom composition because of local adaptation of venom proteins to different suites of prey.
Modeling fracture risk using bone density, age, and years since menopause.

Introduction Preventive strategies are essential for reducing the incidence of osteoporosis and its consequences. However, simple algorithms that predict an individual’s future risk of fractures are scarce. The purpose of the study was to define a clinical decision aid that enables physicians to project an individual’s lifetime fracture risk and therefore institute preventive therapies. Methods A predictor equation for bone loss was developed using bone mineral density (BMD), age, years since menopause, and weight. This was applied to normal and osteoporotic women, ages 40-80 years (n = 117) screened for osteoporosis studies. Results A spinal BMD cutoff of 0.86 gm/cm2 had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 60% for detecting subjects with vertebral fractures and was therefore defined as a high-risk BMD. Using the parameter estimates from the above equation and an individual’s clinical data, we derived prediction curves to forecast the age at which that individual would reach the above defined high-risk BMD, and therefore that person’s expected number of remaining life-years at high risk for fractures. Conclusions This study proposes a conceptual framework for the development of a clinical decision aid to provide guidelines for the prevention of osteoporosis. A longitudinal study that incorporates other variables such as prevalent fractures and biochemical markers of bone turnover would further validate this model and enhance its application.
Paraquat-induced lung injury: prevention by vasoactive intestinal peptide and related peptide helodermin

We earlier showed that the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) reduces or prevents acute injury produced in rat lungs by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. We have now examined whether VIP can protect against lung injury induced by paraquat, a prooxidant pesticide. Isolated guinea pig lungs were perfused for 60 min with Krebs-4% albumin and mechanically ventilated with 95% O2-5% CO2. Infusion of paraquat (100 mg/kg) into the pulmonary artery (n = 9 observations) increased peak airway pressure from 10.1 +/- 0.6 to 54.7 +/- 6.5 cmH2O, perfusion pressure from 8.0 +/- 0.5 to 14.9 +/- 3.0 cmH2O, wet-to-dry lung weight ratio to 7.17 +/- 0.37, and bronchoalveolar lavage protein content to 2.70 +/- 0.83 mg/ml (P < 0.01). Pretreatment with 1-3 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1 VIP markedly attenuated or prevented all abnormalities. Of the related peptides tested, helodermin was as effective as VIP, but secretin and glucagon were ineffective. The results demonstrate that VIP and helodermin protect perfused guinea pig lungs against paraquat-induced injury and support the view that VIP has antioxidant activity.
High-Order Shock-Fitting Method for Hypersonic Flow with Graphite Ablation and Boundary Layer Stability

A high-order shocktting method with thermochemcial nonequilibrium and nite rate boundary conditions for graphite ablation is presented. The method is suitable for direct numerical simulation of boundary layer stability with graphite ablation. Validation with three computational data sets and one set of experimental data is shown. Stability results of the method for a 7 half angle blunt cone at Mach 15.99 are compared with ideal gas computations that set their wall temperature and wall blowing from the real gas simulation. Weak planar fast acoustic waves are used to perturb the steady base ow. In the nose region wall normal velocity uctuations increase three orders of magnitude and then decrease rapidly as the wall mass ux decreases on the cone surface. In the nose region perturbation amplitudes of vibration temperature are two orders of magnitude larger than perturbation ampitudes of translation-rotation temperature.
The Roles of Service Quality, Consumer Satisfaction, and Value in Quinn’s (1992) Paradigm of Services

The existing literature strongly supports the notion that consumer perceptions of service quality, consumer satisfaction, and service value are fundamentally linked to organizational strategies and performance. In continuing this important research stream, Quinn (1992) recently presents a paradigm of service-firm strategies which shows great promise for incorporation in marketing-based strategic research. However, a limitation in the applicability of Quinn’s (1992) paradigm involves how service quality is conceptualized and operationalized in the development of the paradigm. The outcome of this limitation may be an inability to adequately capture the domains of not only service quality, but also consumer satisfaction and value in marketing models based on Quinn’s paradigm. The following paper reconciles Quinn’s (1992) paradigm with the emerging marketing-based service quality and satisfaction literatures through the development of a conceptual model of consumer decision-making in service environments. Mar...
Hugh O'Brian Youth Leadership: Using a Theoretical Model at the Intersection of Youth Leadership Education and Service-Learning.

This chapter presents the Hugh O’Brian Youth Leadership (HOBY) program as a case study, examining their gradual process of shifting all programs to integrate leadership development and service. As an organization with over 4,000 volunteers and a nationwide scope, the change process was a challenge but resulted in benefits that fit the organizations’ values. The social change model for leadership development (Higher Education Research Institute, 1996) was used as a guiding framework.
Plug-and-Play Technology for IEC 61968-Oriented Information Exchange Bus

To promote the usability and reliability of IEC 61968-based information exchange bus and fulfill the rapid establishment of inter-buses and adapters-bus communication channels,this paper first analyzes the current situation for distribution automation integrity.Then combined with the concept of universal plug-and-play(PnP) technology,the functions of IEC 61968 based adapters as well as buses are improved and supplemented.Aiming at the characteristics of IEC 61968 standards,components like adapter identification information,topic authorization table,and topic authorization routing table are introduced and then a set of special mechanisms are built,including binding unbinding procedures for inter-buses and adapters-buses,retransmission scheme,and mergence of topic authorization routing tables used to control information flow.By implementing this theory,the adapters-bus and inter-buses PnP functions are realized and the usability and reliability of smart grid information exchange buses are enhanced.
Limited evidence that arthroscopic femoral osteochondroplasty is better than debridement alone in femoroacetabular impingement: a systematic review

Importance Over the past decade, there has been great interest in the application of hip arthroscopy to the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Recent research suggests excellent short-term and medium-term outcomes; however, these conclusions are based on non-comparative, observational studies. Objective The purpose of this systematic review is to examine whether arthroscopic femoral osteochondroplasty leads to improved functional outcomes and higher patient satisfaction as compared with isolated soft tissue debridement in the treatment of FAI. Evidence review EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for articles reporting on outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of FAI. Articles on debridement were included only if they explicitly stated that the procedure was performed for FAI, while those on osteochondroplasty were included only if >90% of patients underwent a femoral osteochondroplasty. Articles were assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies and the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool. Descriptive statistics were tabulated for demographics and outcome measures where possible. Findings 24 studies with 2692 patients, out of 1255 articles screened, met criteria for inclusion, of which 4 reported on debridement alone, 18 reported on osteochondroplasty, and only 2 compared treatments. The majority of studies (75%) were level IV quality evidence, with no randomised trials identified. The modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) was the most common outcome measure used, with no differences seen between groups. Of the 2 comparative studies, 1 found a significant difference in mHHS favouring osteochondroplasty, while the other did not. No studies in the debridement group reported on satisfaction, while 8 studies in the osteochondroplasty group showed high satisfaction at a range of 12–46 months postoperatively. Conclusions and relevance There is not yet a definitive answer to the question of whether performing femoral osteochondroplasty in the treatment of FAI is better than debridement alone, and whether this will lead to decreased pain, improved long-term function or delay the onset of osteoarthritis. However, from the limited evidence available, the results of osteochondroplasty do appear to be more successful. Prospective studies comparing both treatments are required to assess whether osteochondroplasty is justified in appropriately selected individuals.
Early-Term Birth in Single-Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease After the Fontan Procedure: Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Outcomes

Objectives To investigate the long-term impact of early-term birth (37-38 weeks' gestation) relative to full-term birth (≥39 weeks' gestation) on neurodevelopmental and psychiatric outcomes in adolescents with single-ventricle congenital heart disease (CHD). Study design This cross-sectional cohort study analyzed retrospective medical records from full term adolescents with single-ventricle CHD who underwent the Fontan procedure. Participants underwent neurodevelopmental and psychiatric evaluations, as well as structural brain magnetic resonance imaging. Early-term born adolescents were compared with full-term born adolescents using regression models with adjustments for family social status, birth weight, and genetic abnormality status. Medical and demographic risk factors were examined as well. Results Compared with the full-term group (n = 100), adolescents born early term (n = 33) scored significantly worse on daily-life executive functions, as measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function parent-report (mean scores: early term, 62.0 ± 10.9; full-term, 55.6 ± 12.2; P = .009) and self-report ( P = .02) composites. Adolescents born early term were more likely than those born full term to have a lifetime attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis (early term, 55%; full term, 26%; P = .001). The early-term group also displayed greater psychiatric symptom severity, as indicated by the clinician-reported Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (mean score: early term, 16.1 ± 8.6; full-term, 12.5 ± 8.2; P = .007). Conclusion Early-term birth is associated with greater prevalence of executive dysfunction, ADHD diagnosis, and psychiatric problems in adolescents with single-ventricle CHD. Early-term birth should be included as a potential risk factor in the algorithm for closer developmental surveillance in CHD.
Sir Charles Bell: Unheralded laryngologist.

Abstract Introduction Sir Charles Bell is renowned and revered as an outstanding surgeon, anatomist, clinician and teacher and his many contributions to various medical fields have been amply described. What are less well-known are his contributions to the field of laryngology. Methods Selected clinical and physiological publications by Bell were examined that addressed issues related specifically to the airway or pharynx. These included both case reports and case series. Results Bell was keenly interested in the physiology of voice production, disorders of the airways and deglutition. Despite a busy clinical and teaching practice, he took careful notice of individual cases that highlighted important generalizations regarding care for upper aerodigestive tract disorders that are relevant today. He was also the first to recognize the anatomy and physiology of pharyngoesophageal diverticula that Zenker later made more famous. Conclusions In addition to his many contributions to neurology, facial nerve anatomy and physiology, Sir Charles Bell was also a keen Laryngologist before the era of subspecialization. Rediscovery and study of his work should make us more appreciative of past clinician-investigators who cast a wide net to advance knowledge rather than burrow into a narrow tunnel of vision.
Using Security Invariant To Verify Confidentiality in Hardware Design

Due to the increasing complexity of design process, outsourcing, and use of third-party blocks, it becomes harder and harder to prevent Trojan insertion and other malicious design modifications. In this paper, we propose to deploy security invariant as carried proof to prevent and detect Trojans and malicious attacks and to ensure the security of hardware design. Non-interference with down-grading policy is checked for confidentiality. Contrary to existing approaches by type checking, we develop a method to model-check a simple safety property on a composed machine. Down-grading is handled in a better way in model-checking and the effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated on various Verilog benchmarks.
Potent bradykinin antagonists having medical potential

Bradykinin antagonist peptides have been developed during the past fourteen years into extremely potent and stable molecules that offer great potential for development into drugs for serious inflammation and cancers. The great need now is for financial support for these human studies.
Microwave-Frequency Mechanical Resonators Operated in the Quantum Limit

In this chapter, we describe an experiment in which the quantum ground state of one vibrational mode of a mechanical resonator was reached when the structure was cooled in a dilution refrigerator to \(T \sim 25\) mK. The resonator had a fundamental dilatational resonance frequency in excess of 6 GHz, so once cooled to this temperature, the number of thermal phonons at this frequency is vanishingly small. This achievement is a direct consequence of the high resonance frequencies obtainable with the class of mechanical resonator used in the experiment, which is known as a film bulk acoustic resonator, or FBAR. In this chapter, we begin by briefly describing the mechanics of bulk acoustic resonance and FBAR structures, and we present a simple electrical circuit model for the resonator. Experiments using this type of mechanical resonator in the classical regime are then described. We then introduce the Josephson phase quantum bit (qubit), a device which forms the heart of the measurement scheme used to probe the mechanical resonator in the quantum regime, and describe the coupling mechanism between the qubit and a mechanical resonator. Lastly, we present experimental measurements of the resonator in the quantum regime, where the qubit was used to both prepare and measure non-classical mechanical states in the resonator.
Perceived Barriers to Interning Abroad: Perceptions from African American Social Work Students

This qualitative study was conducted at a small historically Black college and university (HBCU) in the southern region of the United States. It explored the perceived barriers to interning abroad ...
Towards semantic data analysis

Semantic-oriented data analysis techniques are rapidly gaining momentum in the information processing industry. In the Business Intelligence sphere, the products are moving away from traditional ETL paradigm that requires up-front preparation and modeling efforts, and towards more interactive and discovery-like analysis with the overall goal of achieving more insightful analyses faster and with fewer preparation steps. In this paper we outline such an analysis framework in whose heart lies a semantic annotator system that employs business ontology to make sense of data. The outcome is then passed to an analysis expert system that consults a set of declarative analysis guidelines to automatically produce useful analyses.
High-Speed Integrated Endoscopic Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging System

Endoscopic integrated photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging has the potential for early detection of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, a slow imaging speed is one of the limitations for clinical translation. Here, we developed a high-speed integrated endoscopic PA and US imaging system, which is able to perform PA and US imaging simultaneously up to 50 frames per second. Using this system, the architectural morphology and vasculature of the rectum wall were visualized from a Sprague Dawley rat in vivo .
Proposed standardized educational preparation for the emergency nurse practitioner

The dynamic climate within health care policy-making and academia, in conjunction with updated Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) competencies and a recent role delineation study, supports development of standardized curricula to ensure appropriate preparation for practice. Emergency NP curricular content should align with the updated ENP Practice Standards and National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties' competencies for the Core and Family NP. This article provides rationale for establishing standardized educational curricula for ENP programs, delineates core specialty curricular content for inclusion, and discusses applicability of ENP specialty competencies within graduate academic education and postgraduate fellowship programs. As national ENP program curricula are standardized, clarity of the ENP specialty role will be enhanced and educational outcomes can be uniformly evaluated.
Immobilization of active urokinase on albumin microspheres: use of a chemical dehydrant and process monitoring.

A method of immobilizing urokinase on albumin microspheres has been developed. Laser scattering, which was used to follow particle size from the initial emulsification stage to the final aqueous resuspension of the microsphere stage, showed that particle coalescence and crosslinking were critical parameters in manufacturing the microspheres. Chemical dehydration with 2,2-dimethoxypropane was used to convert an albumin emulsion into an albumin suspension and to reduce coalescence. An optimal amount of dehydrant produced 0.3-µm particles which resisted a 50°C temperature challenge. Since oil/glutaraldehyde emulsion resulted in large particles with no urokinase activity, the cross-linking concentration of glutaraldehyde was reduced by solubilizing 25% (w/v) glutaraldehyde in the oil phase with n-propanol. A concentration of 0.015% (v/v) glutaraldehyde effectively immobilized urokinase and stabilized albumin microspheres. Amidolytic activity using the specific chromogenic substrate for urokinase, S-2444, showed that enzyme activity could be retained during this glutaraldehyde cross-linking.
Septic Arthritis in Children: Clinical Update

Septic arthritis in children is a medical emergency, needing prompt diagnoses, drainage of the synovial space, and antimicrobial therapy to prevent poor outcomes. The most common mode of transmission is hematogenous dissemination to the synovial joint. Septic arthritis is most commonly seen in boys and mainly affects the weight-bearing joints. The most common bacteria are dependent on age, but across all age groups, Staphylococcus aureus is the most common. To appropriately diagnose and treat septic arthritis, a multidisciplinary approach with microbiology support, radiologists, pediatricians, rheumatologists, infectious disease specialists, and orthopedic surgeons is ideally needed. Septic arthritis in a child, especially of the hip, is a medical emergency and requires urgent orthopedic consultation for surgical drainage and joint space irrigation (Laine, J PediatrOrthop B24(2):95–98, 2015). Prompt initiation of empiric parenteral antibiotics at high doses against Staphylococcus aureus is needed in all age groups. Empiric intravenous therapy against Kingella kingae is recommended in patients 3 months to 5 years of age, as it is becoming the predominant organism in this age group in some settings. A transition to oral therapy is made by clinical/laboratory/microbiological improvement with expected duration of therapy from 2 to 4 weeks. It is essential for patients to have close follow-up to prevent poor outcomes such as limb length discrepancy, hip dislocation, osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and ankylosis.
Division of Assets

This entry discusses the property division at divorce, surveying the separate property and community property regimes.
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Including Environmental Assessment): Diagnosis and Management

This article aims to provide an overview on the diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). We will focus on the issues surrounding the lack of an international consensus on the diagnosis of HP, and review the existing treatment options for HP. There is emerging international consensus that HP should be classified based on clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features and not solely on disease duration. Environmental assessment and antigen avoidance remains the most important step in managing HP. Antifibrotics may soon become a viable option for chronic HP in the near future. Well-designed prospective controlled studies are underway. Substantial gaps still remain in our understanding of the diagnosis and management of HP. Further research should focus on establishing internationally accepted diagnostic criteria and clinical practice guidelines to aid the clinician in the challenging treatment of patients with HP.