cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined composite osteofasciocutaneous fibular free flap and radial head arthroplasty for reconstruction of the elbow joint.

Reconstruction of the radial head can be complicated in cases of wide resection, particularly in those cases including the proximal radial shaft. In such cases, radial head replacement may not be possible because of lack of adequate bone stock. Here, we report the use of a radial head prosthesis incorporated with a vascularized fibula for immediate anatomic restoration of the forearm and elbow. We present a case of a pathologic fracture non-union in the proximal radius in a 57-year-old female with a history of multiple myeloma. Non-operative management of the fracture was unsuccessful after chemotherapy and radiation. The proximal radius and radial head were resected and reconstructed with vascularized fibula graft in conjunction with immediate radial head prosthesis. The osteotomy site healed at 6-weeks and follow-up at 1 year showed good functional outcome. We feel that the use of this construct has definite promise and may be considered for reconstruction following resection of the proximal radius. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:475–480, 2014.
Combination of Heat Transfer Resistances

Heat loss from a warm room through a wall to the cold outside involves three heat transfer steps in a series: (i) convection at the inside surface of the wall; (ii) conduction through the wall; and (iii) convection on the outside of the wall. Next, consider a fireplace fire. Here heat reaches the room by radiation from the flames and also by convection of moving air. These processes occur in parallel. There are many processes like these which involve a number of heat transfer steps, sometimes in a series, sometimes in parallel, sometimes in a more involved way.
X-Vine: Secure and Pseudonymous Routing Using Social Networks

Distributed hash tables suffer from several security and privacy vulnerabilities, including the problem of Sybil attacks. Existing social network-based solutions to mitigate the Sybil attacks in DHT routing have a high state requirement and do not provide an adequate level of privacy. For instance, such techniques require a user to reveal their social network contacts. We design X-Vine, a protection mechanism for distributed hash tables that operates entirely by communicating over social network links. As with traditional peer-to-peer systems, X-Vine provides robustness, scalability, and a platform for innovation. The use of social network links for communication helps protect participant privacy and adds a new dimension of trust absent from previous designs. X-Vine is resilient to denial of service via Sybil attacks, and in fact is the first Sybil defense that requires only a logarithmic amount of state per node, making it suitable for large-scale and dynamic settings. X-Vine also helps protect the privacy of users social network contacts and keeps their IP addresses hidden from those outside of their social circle, providing a basis for pseudonymous communication. We first evaluate our design with analysis and simulations, using several real world large-scale social networking topologies. We show that the constraints of X-Vine allow the insertion of only a logarithmic number of Sybil identities per attack edge; we show this mitigates the impact of malicious attacks while not affecting the performance of honest nodes. Moreover, our algorithms are efficient, maintain low stretch, and avoid hot spots in the network. We validate our design with a PlanetLab implementation and a Facebook plugin.
The Photoelectric Effect: Hydrogen Atom

As our second example, let us calculate the cross section for the photoelectric effect for an atom. For simplicity, we will choose the simplest atom, hydrogen. We assume we have an incoming beam of photons of definite , hence definite energy, ħω, and definite polarization. We also assume the incident photon beam is linearly polarized, with polarization in the direction of , and ħω is greater than the ionization energy of hydrogen, \( ((\mu {e^4})/(2{\hbar ^2}) \). Therefore, when a photon of energy ħω is absorbed, the hydrogen atom makes a transition from the 1s ground state into the continuum, (see Fig. 64.1). For simplicity, let us further assume \( \hbar\omega>>(\mu{e^4})/2{\hbar^2}) \) so the final electron kinetic energy\( p_f^2/2\mu \) is large enough the final electron continuum wave function can be approximated by a plane wave. For the moment, therefore, we shall avoid the more complicated exact Coulomb relative motion function discussed in the appendix to Chapter 42. To calculate the differential cross section for the photoelectric process, we need to know the flux in the incoming photon beam, and the transition probability per second that the hydrogen atom makes a transition from the 1s ground state to a continuum state with the absorption of a photon.
Purification and characterization of polyphosphate kinase from Neisseria meningitidis

The important human pathogens Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae accumulate phosphate in the form of polyphosphate (A. Noegel and E. C. Gotschlich, J. Exp. Med. 157:2049-2060, 1983), and the localization of more than half of this long-chain polymer on the exterior of the cells suggests a function as a protective, capsule-like coating. To enable further genetic investigation of the role of polyphosphate in Neisseria spp., the enzyme polyphosphate kinase (PPK), which catalyzes the synthesis of polyphosphate from ATP, was purified from N. meningitidis BNCV. The activity is dependent on Mg2+ and phosphate or polyphosphate and is inhibited by ADP. The Km for ATP is 1.5 mM, and the turnover number is 47 phosphate residues per polypeptide per s. Analysis of PPK labelled with [gamma-32P]ATP indicates that the enzyme is phosphorylated during the reaction, probably at an arginine residue. N-terminal and two internal amino acid sequences were derived from the purified protein and will allow the design of synthetic oligonucleotides for cloning and genetic manipulation of the ppk gene.
Internships in Politics: The CUNY Experience

In December of 1949, a student of public service internships wrote: “All of the professions have sought reality and human understanding, at least in some degree, through the use of internships.” At that time, however, according to a survey conducted by Thomas and Doris Reed, only one American college offered what we would now regard as a political internship program.Today this situation has changed dramatically, and the place of political internships in undergraduate (as well as some graduate) curricula is established in scores of colleges. The pressure for so-called “life experience” courses, the move toward independent study and off-campus programs, and the renewed interest of political and administrative leaders have all contributed to the burgeoning of intern programs. In fact, a recent meeting at Lexington, Kentucky saw internship directors from across the country gathering to confer on such matters as the philosophy of internship, financing, organization, relationships among politicians, academics and students, and related matters.
Projections of the cerebellar and dorsal column nuclei upon the inferior olive in the rhesus monkey: an autoradiographic study.

Projections from the cerebellar and dorsal column nuclei to the inferior olive of the rhesus monkey were traced with anterograde autoradiographic methods. The cerebellar nuclei give rise to a massive projection which reaches the contralateral inferior olivary complex by way of the descending limb of the superior cerebellar peduncle. Dentato-olivary fibers project exclusively upon the principal olivary nucleus (PO) and observe a strict topography. The dorsal, lateral, and ventral dentate project respectively to the dorsal, lateral, and ventral lamellae of the PO. Within the lamellae, the dentato-olivary fibers are related point for point in the medio-lateral axis. By contrast, the rostro-caudal topography is reversed so that the rostral pole of the dentate projects to the caudal PO and the caudal dentate to the rostral PO. These connections are predominantly crossed but a small ipsilateral component recrosses the midline at the olivary commissure and mirrors the topography on the opposite side. The anterior interpositus projects only to the medial half of the DAO and the posterior interpositus projects only to the rostral two thirds of the MAO. The ipsilateral component is minor in comparison with the contralateral projection, but appears to be more substantial than the ipsilateral projection to the PO arising from the dentate nucleus. The fastigial nucleus does not project upon the olivary complex. The dorsal column nuclei project topographically upon the contralateral accessory nuclei with the gracile nucleus sending fibers primarily to the lateal half of the DAO and the cuneate nucleus projecting to rostral cell groups of the MAO. The present results when compared with other olivary connections described by previous studies in a veriety of species suggest that regions of the MAO and DAO receiving sensory information from the periphery may lie outside the influence of cerebellar feedback loops.
Bayesian Estimation of Transit Rail Vehicle Parameters

Bayesian parameter estimation is a powerful and versatile method with good convergence properties. This paper describes the use of Bayesian method to estimate the parameters of a transit rail vehicle. The paper also addresses several issues of general interest in estimation work: cost function formulation, signal processing methods, parameter linking and parameter estimability.
Using re-factoring to reduce the pain of component evolution

Summary form only given. Refactoring is usually described as a way to keep software as simple as possible, or as a way to reuse parts of a software system that were not designed to be reusable. But it has other uses. One of the problems with using software components is that new versions of the components require changes in the systems that use them. If the change from one version of a component to another is described as a set of re factorings then the parts of the system that use them can be automatically changed to use the new versions of the component. This makes it much easier for developers to use the latest versions of components.
Binding of [3H] monohydroxytamoxifen in ovarian carcinoma.

Summary. A monoclonal antibody (D-547) against human breast cancer oestrogen receptor was used to demonstrate that the oestrogen receptor in ovarian epithelial carcinomata binds [3H]monohydroxytamoxifen. This binding was observed in sedimentation velocity analyses of both cytosol and nuclear compartments. Binding of [3H]monohydroxytamoxifen to the antibody-recognized moiety could be inhibited by diethylstilboestrol or oestradiol, but not by androgen, progestin or corticoid, indicating oestrogen specificity for the binding site. The sedimentation coefficient of the antibody-recognized [3H]monohydroxytamoxifen binding moiety was similar to that when 16α-[125I]iodo-oestradiol was used as the ligand.
Seasonal and event-scale variations in solute chemistry for four Sierra Nevada catchments

Abstract Hydrobiogeochemical processes controlling stream water chemistry were examined in four small ( 2 ) catchments having contrasting bedrock lithologies in the western Sierra Nevada foothills of California. The Mediterranean climate with its cool/wet and hot/dry cycle produces strong seasonal patterns in hydrological, biological and geochemical processes. Stream water solutes fall into three general groups according to seasonal fluctuation in concentration: strong, rainy season minimum–dry season maximum (Cl − , SO 4 2− , base cations); weak, rainy season minimum–dry season maximum (Si); and rainy season maximum–dry season minimum (NO 3 − and K + ). Solute dynamics in soil solutions and stream water suggest that mixing of drainage waters from bedrock and soil sources regulate stream water solute concentrations. Patterns are further altered by the leaching of solutes accumulated in the soil over the summer period of desiccation and the temporal discoupling of nutrient cycles that occurs due to differences in the timing between vegetation growth (late spring) and leaching (early winter). Solute concentrations are remarkably similar between watersheds with varying bedrock types, with the exception of nitrate, sulfate and bicarbonate. Three watersheds have nitrogen-bearing metasedimentary bedrock that contributes to elevated nitrate concentrations in stream waters. Watersheds whose bedrock includes mineralized veins of sulfide and carbonate minerals similarly have greater sulfate and bicarbonate concentrations in stream water. Hydrobiogeochemical processes are highly dynamic at the seasonal and storm-event temporal scales and spatially complex at the watershed scale making management of stream water chemical composition, such as nitrate concentrations, very challenging.
Synthesis and Characterization of Boron-Doped Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Produced by the Laser Vaporization Technique

We thank Mark Davis for assistance with NMR experiments and Mowafak Al-Jassim for facilitating EELS measurements. This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Hydrogen Program and by the Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Subcontract DE-AC36-99GO10337 to NREL.
Acute electron microscopic changes in myocardial cells induced by high doses of quinidine.

Abstract Doses of quinidine gluconate ranging from 15 to 50 mg/kg were dripped slowly iv into pentobarbital anesthetized openchest dogs over a 3 hr period. Control dogs received only saline. Hemodynamic measurements were recorded during the infusion period. The animals were then sacrificed, and left ventricular tissues were taken immediately for electron microscopy. No ultrastructural changes were observed in the control or 15 mg/kg dogs, but damage to mitochondria of the cardiac cells was noted increasingly at the larger doses of 30 and 50 mg/kg. The mitochondrial involvement was primarily one of cristolysis, i.e., the dissolution of the internal membranous folds. At the highest dose an increase in the length and size of some mitochondria was seen. Other cellular organelles were not structurally altered by the drug.
Refractive surgery in systemic and autoimmune disease

Patients with underlying systemic disease represent challenging treatment dilemma to the refractive surgeon. The refractive error in this patient population is accompanied by a systemic disease that may have an ocular or even a corneal component. The literature is rather sparse about the use of laser refractive surgery (LRS) and such procedure is not approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in this patient population. Patients with collagen vascular disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), allergic and atopic disease, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are never ideal for LRS. Patients with uncontrolled systemic disease or ocular involvement of the disease should not undergo LRS. However, a patient with well-controlled and mild disease, no ocular involvement, and not on multidrug regimen may be a suitable candidate if they meet stringent criteria. There is a need for a large, multicenter, controlled trial to address the safety and efficacy of LRS in patients with systemic disease before such technology can be widely adopted by the refractive surgery community.
Risk Factors Associated with 30-Day Postoperative Readmissions in Major Gastrointestinal Resections

Preventable readmissions represent a major burden on the health care system and risk stratification of patients can help direct costly resources. This study examines patient characteristics, surgical factors, and postoperative complications associated with 30-day postoperative readmissions in gastrointestinal (GI) resections. Inpatients undergoing major GI surgery were selected from the 2011 American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Resections were classified into foregut, small bowel, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Postoperative complications were divided into pre- and post-discharge groups using time to complication and discharge. Univariate analysis compared patient and surgical characteristics and pre-discharge complications with 30-day unplanned readmission rates. Factors with a p value <0.1 were included in multivariate logistic regression. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. For 42,609 patients undergoing GI resection, the overall 30-day unplanned readmission rate was 12.3 % ranging from 11.8 % for colorectal resections to 16.3 % for pancreatic resections. Major predictors of 30-day readmissions included pre-discharge major complications (odds ratio [OR] = 1.28, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.18–1.39, p < 0.0001), chronic steroid use (OR = 1.67, 95 % CI 1.50–1.86, p < 0.0001), operative time ≥4 h (OR = 1.45, 95 % CI 1.35–1.56, p < 0.0001) and discharge to a facility other than home (OR = 1.37, 95 % CI 1.23–1.50, p < 0.0001). Unplanned 30-day readmissions represent a major clinical and financial concern, but some may be foreseeable and potentially modifiable. This model provides insight into factors that could inform resource utilization and postoperative care to help prevent readmissions in select GI surgical patients.
A mechanism for reducing the value of the cosmological constant

Abstract A mechanism is presented for relaxing an initially large, positive cosmological constant to a value near zero. This is done by introducing a scalar field whose vacuum energy compensates for the initial cosmological constant. The compensating sector involves small mass scales but no unnatural fine-tuning of parameters. It is not clear how to incorporate this mechanism into a realistic cosmology.
The evolution of recombination in permanent translocation heterozygotes

Abstract The evolution of a selectively neutral locus that controls the degree to which alleles at a single selected locus are linked with a particular set of chromosomes in a permanent translocation heterozygote is studied. With complete selfing and fitness overdominance a new allele at the modifying locus will increase in frequency if it increases the linkage of all alleles at the selected locus to a particular set of chromosomes. With random mating a new allele at the modifying locus will increase when rare if it increases the linkage of alleles at the selected locus to a particular set of chromosomes. In addition, a parameter analogous to the coefficient of linkage disequilibrium in usual two-locus models with random mating must be nonzero if a new allele at the modifying locus is to increase in frequency at a geometric rate when rare. With mixed selfing and random mating a new allele at the modifying locus will apparently increase when rare only if it increases the linkage of alleles at the selected locus to a particular set of chromosomes.
DMAP: integrated mobility and service management in mobile IPv6 systems

Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is a work in progress IETF standard for enabling mobility in IPv6 networks and is expected to have wide deployment. We investigate an integrated mobility and service management scheme based on MIPv6 with the goal to minimize the overall network signaling cost in MIPv6 systems for serving mobility and service management related operations. Our design extends IETF work-in-progress Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) with the notion of dynamic mobility anchor points (DMAPs) for each mobile node (MN) instead of static ones for all MNs. These DMAPs are access routers chosen by individual MNs to act as a regional router to reduce the signaling overhead for intra-regional movements. The DMAP domain size, i.e., the number of subnets covered by a DMAP, is based on the MN's mobility and service characteristics. Under our DMAP protocol, a MN interacts with its home agent and application servers as in the MIPv6 protocol, but optimally determines when and where to launch a DMAP to minimize the network cost in serving the user's mobility and service management operations. We demonstrate that our DMAP protocol for integrated mobility and service management yields significantly improved performance over basic MIPv6 and HMIPv6.
How models help us to understand the interactions between posture and voluntary movements

Summary form only given. Modeling and computer simulation studies of the human motor control system, which provide a valuable method to both neuroscientists and robotics engineers interested in a control systems approach to the study of coordinated movements, are described. A single-joint, neurological control model for simulation studies of human movements is presented. This model consists of an idealized pair of muscles acting antagonistically to move a common load. Each muscle is described by three components: a first-order large element, which relates the neurological control signal to a hypothetical muscle tension; a nonlinear series elasticity obeying the length tension property of skeletal muscle; and a nonlinear apparent viscosity obeying the force-velocity relationship. The load is a linear, second-order system. This basic model has been used to explore the relationships between electromyographic recordings and observed movement kinematics in movements of the eye, ankle, and wrist. It is shown that, with this model, a multitude of hypotheses regarding the integrated motor control strategies for both voluntary movements and postural control can be examined. >
Replacement of Coffee Cup Calorimeters with Fabricated Beaker Calorimeters

A reusable solution calorimeter for introductory chemistry laboratory classes was demonstrated. This calorimeter was fabricated from readily available polypropylene Tri-Pour beakers nested together. The nested Tri-Pour beaker calorimeter showed similar insulating properties to the common doubled foam coffee cup calorimeters in general use. This durable replacement for the foam coffee cup calorimeters has reduced the quantity of material entering the waste stream as well as the recurring annual cost. The calorimeter heat capacity of the nested Tri-Pour calorimeter was slightly higher (29.4 J/K) than the coffee-cup based system (14.8 J/K).
Contextual Augmentation of Ontology for Recognizing Sub-events

With the advances in technology and proliferation of cheap storage, high rate of digital multimedia interaction signifies the increasing need of computer users for a decent application to organize personal media in a meaningful way. In this paper, we want to organize personal media in terms of the sub-events they cover. A semantic gap exists between media, and people's perception of the events and memories associated with this media. A framework is needed to address such gap. This paper describes a novel model-based approach for partitioning and organizing personal photo archive in terms of high-level subevents that capture and represent human experience. Since photos are the most ubiquitous and prolific form of user generated content, we focus on the automatic annotation of personal photo collection in this paper. We introduce ROntology (Recognition-Ontology) that is a context-aware model with concrete contextual information for subevent recognition. Currently our approach utilizes the mereological, spatial and temporal properties of modeled-events in R-Ontology. Personal media will then populate R-Ontology. We tested this approach using our personal photo archive describing two different scenarios: Trip and Indianwedding.
Activity of spore‐crystal preparations from twenty serotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis toward Manduca sexta larvae in vivo and in vitro

Twenty-two spore plus delta-endotoxin preparations from twenty different serotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis were tested for their activity as Manduca sexta larvicides by diet dilution bioassay. Sodium hydroxide extracts of each preparation were tested for their activity as inhibitors of net potassium transport by isolated M. sexta larval midgut. All preparations that inhibited potassium transport were larvicidal. Twelve of the thirteen active preparations caused 50 % inhibition of potassium transport at a lower concentration than was required to kill 50 % of the challenged larvae. Inhibition of active potassium transport by isolated lepidopteran midgut is a rapid method to measure the potency of the effect of B. thuringiensis delta-endotoxin preparations on their target tissue. This in vitro assay also yields a qualitative prediction of the larvicidal activity of the delta-endotoxin preparation. Zusammenfassung Zur Wirkung der Sporen-Kristall-Praparate von 20 Serotypen von Bacillus tburingiensis Berl. auf Manduca sexta-Larven in vivo und in vitro Es wurden 22 Sporen-delta-Endotoxin-Praparate von 20 verschiedenen Serotypen von Bacillus tburingiensis auf ihre Aktivitat gegenuber Manduca sexta-Larven bei Aufnahme mit der Nahrung untersucht. Natriumhydroxid-Extrakte jedes Praparats wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Aktivitat als Inhibitoren des Netto-Kalium-Transportes im isolierten larvalen Mitteldarm getestet. Alle Praparate, die den Kalium-Transport hemmten, waren larvizid. Zwolf der 13 aktiven Praparate verursachten 50 % Hemmung des Kalium-Transports bei einer geringeren Konzentration als sie zur Abtotung von 50 % der Larven notig war. Die Hemmung des aktiven Kalium-Transports im isolierten Mitteldarm von Lepidopteren bildet eine schnelle Methode, um die Wirkung von B. thuringiensis-delta-Endotoxin-Praparaten zu messen. Diese in vitro-Prufung ermoglicht eine qualitative Voraussage der larviziden Wirkung solcher Praparate.
Automatic rezeroing of drifting physiologic signals.

An electronic circuit is described which automatically rezeroes a physiologic signal whenever it reaches the limit of a display. This modified signal can be used for polygraph monitoring while the raw signal is processed by a wide-range high-resolution a.d. convertor. The device is currently used in conjunction with the barometric method for measuring tidal volume, but should find general use in plethysmography.
Anticoagulant potential of an antibody against factor VII

Abstract Background Hypercoagulability often resulting from sepsis, trauma, and other conditions is widely associated with thrombotic and cardiovascular disorders. The development of effective and safe anticoagulation is in great demand to relieve complications and improve human health. Objective We study the anticoagulant potential of a polyclonal antibody to human FVII (anti-hFVII Ab). Methods and results Preincubating FVII with anti-hFVII Ab, we showed the significantly blocked tissue factor (TF)-dependent FVII activation monitored by a two-stage chromogenic assay. Consistently, the antibody depressed TF/FVII-catalyzed FX activation was shown on Western blotting analysis. As a result, TF procoagulation derived from rabbit brain thromboplastin was prolonged significantly by the preincubation of human normal plasma with the antibody, which mimicked FVII-deficient plasma in a single-stage clotting assay. In contrast, the anti-hFVII Ab had no effect on either FVIIa amidolytic activity or TF/FVIIa binary complex. Conclusion Anti-hFVII Ab readily blocked clot formation, which was mediated by the upstream downregulation of the extrinsic coagulation of inhibiting FVII activation. Further research warrants establishing its in vivo application as an anticoagulant.
The role of IL-13 and NK T cells in experimental and human ulcerative colitis

Recent studies that have evaluated the immunologic factors that mediate the development of the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), have suggested that these diseases are because of disparate immune responses. Although Crohn's disease has been characterized as a dysregulation of the T helper (Th)1/Th17 pathways more recent evidence has emerged that UC pathogenesis is associated with a nonclassical NK (natural killer) T cell producing an atypical Th2 (interleukin (IL)-13) response. In the following review the insights gained from both animal models and human studies as to the function that IL-13 and NK T cells have in the pathogenesis of UC will be discussed.
Petrology and Structural Geometry of Pre-Granitic Rocks in the Sierra Nevada, Alpine County, California

The petrology and structural geometry of pre-granitic rocks in western Alpine County, California, were investigated by field and laboratory study. Pre-Cretaceous (Triassic?) metamorphosed equivalents of siltstones, sandstones, tuffs, limestones, andesite flows, and conglomerates are preserved in three roof pendants surrounded by a variety of Cretaceous (?) granitic rocks, principally adamellite and granodiorite. The metamorphic rocks exhibit asymmetrical folds in the bedding (S 1 ), the axes (βS 1 ) of which trend northwest with an average plunge of 25°, and the axial surfaces of which dip steeply southwest. A statistically vertical tectonic surface (S 2 ) trends northwest and varies about axes (βS 2 ) approximately parallel to βS 1 in some fields, and inclined to βS 1 in others. Two sets of lineations are recognized, one parallel to βS 1 ( B ) and another plunging steeply at approximately right angles to βS 1 ( B′ ). The geometric symmetry of both field and microscopic structures is triclinic. Deformation was probably by a combination of early flexural slip folding of S 1 about an axis parallel to βS 1 , and later passive folding by slip on an intragranular scale along surfaces parallel to S 2 . The slip on S 2 is thought to have been normal to the axis βS 2 in the plane of S 2 . Strain of the mass involved shortening normal to the trend of the Sierra Nevada, accompanied later by extension in S 2 . A regional study suggests that the orientation and style of the structural geometry of deformed rocks are similar in many parts of the Sierra Nevada, particularly near the present crest of the range. Post-kinematic thermal metamorphism caused recrystallization of most of the tectonites into hornfelses, some of which show relict textures. All the metamorphic rocks are in the hornblende hornfels facies. Three metamorphic assemblages are recognized which are characterized by (1) the pair calcite-amphibole, (2) clinopyroxene, and (3) wollastonite. The three assemblages are thought to be present because of gradients in composition and partial pressure of fluid phases during metamorphism. Metasomatically introduced boron, tungsten, molybdenum, iron, copper, tin, and sulfur are locally important components.
Solvent‐ and glow‐discharge‐induced surface wetting and morphological changes of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)

The effects of argon glow discharge and selected organic solvents on the surface wettability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and on the wettability decay of glow discharged PET films were studied. Glow discharge in argon (30 W/1 min) drastically reduced the initial water contact angle (CA) measurement of PET from 67.0 to 26.2°. The glow-discharge-induced wetting, however, decayed during the first 7 days and stabilized at 33.1°. Treatments in dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, pyrdine, and water at 80°C caused some improvement in surface wettability as shown by decreases of water CAs in the range of 53–56°. When the solvent and glow discharge treatments were applied consecutively on PET, additive effects on improving surface wettability were observed. The stabilized water CAs of the solvent-and-glow-discharged films ranged from 25.0 to 32.1° depending upon the solvent type. The solvent treatments prior to glow discharge either reduced the extent of CA decay or the time taken to reach stabilization on PET films. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation showed no difference between the solventtreated and the untreated PET surfaces, but a finely etched surface was observed on the glow discharged PET at a 40,000 magnification and above. The distinctly different surface of the DMSO-and-glow-discharged PET indicated that morphological changes on PET surface were induced by the solvent.
Quasi-elastic light scattering studies on pyruvate oxidase

Abstract Quasi-elastic or dynamic light scattering has been used to examine the translational diffusion properties of the enzyme pyruvate oxidase (pyruvate:ferricytochrome b1 oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.2.2.). Controlled proteolysis of the enzyme converts the native form of the enzyme to a protease-activated form which has a specific activity about 20-fold greater than the native oxidase. Light scattering studies indicate no significant change in the size or shape of pyruvate oxidase as a result of this proteolytic activation. In both cases the enzyme may be characterized as a hydrated sphere with a Stokes radius of about 53 A. The sedimentation velocity-diffusion technique was used to obtain the molecular weight of this tetrameric enzyme, about 252 000 with a value of ƒ/ƒ0 of 1.25.
Floating Mobile Mass That Is Probably Thrombus A Life-Threatening Complication of Mitral Stenosis

A 52-year-old woman presented with palpitations, progressive shortness of breath, and transient dizziness during the week preceding this echocardiographic study. Physical examination was typical for mitral stenosis, with an irregular heart rate of 78 bpm, accentuated first heart sound, opening snap, and apical diastolic rumble. The ECG demonstrated atrial fibrillation. Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic images from the parasternal and apical positions are shown in the upper and lower panels of the Figure⇓ respectively, and an M-mode recording …
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cyclopropyl Analogs of the Antiestrogen MER 25

Abstract In an effort to prepare effective nonsteroidal antiestrogens without intrinsic estrogenicity and with greater antagonism than the triarylethylenes (tamoxifen), four ( E )- and ( Z )-1,1-dichloro-2-phenyl-2-[4-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)phenyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane analogs of the antiestrogen MER 25, of which two of the compounds had a 4-heptafluorotolyl group in the α-ring, were prepared. The ( E )- and ( Z )-gem-dichlorotriarylcyclopropanes were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7E3 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in culture. All compounds, except 18E, exhibited a statistically significant ( P 11Z (88%), 11E (106%), 18Z (65%), and the test compounds 7A(Z) (85%), 7A(E) (53%), MRL 37 (91%), MER 25 (71%), and ICI 182,780 (102%). Inhibition of estradiol-stimulated growth at concentrations lower than 1.0 μM was demonstrated by 11E, MER 25, and ICI 182,780. Compound 11E produced weak inhibition at 0.1 nM (19%) and nearly complete inhibition (79–112%) over a concentration range of 1.0 to 100 nM. MER 25 produced inhibition of estradiol-stimulated growth at 1.0 (39%), 10 (102%), and 100 nM (100%) concentrations. ICI 182,780 completely inhibited estrogen-stimulated growth from 0.1 nM to 1.0 μM concentrations. Two compounds exhibited estrogenic activity: 18E (from 1.0 nM to 1.0 μM concentrations) and MER 25, which had antiestrogenic action at the lower concentration ranges, but exhibited estrogenic properties at 100 nM to 1.0 μM concentrations. None of the test compounds or standards were active in the MDA-MB-231 cell line at the concentrations studied (0.01 nM to 1.0 μM). In addition, none of the compounds inhibited cell growth below control in the MCF-7E3 cell line. The results from both cell lines suggest that the test compounds are devoid of any antitumor properties, which is thought to be mediated through a nonreceptor mechanism. Analog 11E has the potential to be useful in the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer.
Effect of Synthetic Progestational Agents on Allograft Rejection and Circulating Antibody Production

Castrated adult rabbits received various commercially available synthetic progestational agents as well as progesterone, estradiol and cortisone by a parenteral route. Dosages were calculated to be 5-10 times those used in human therapeutics. Allograft rejection rates were then studied, using 5 mm square ear skin exchanges. All animals treated with cortisone tolerated their allografts for at least 3 weeks. Normal and castrated animals rejected allografts in an average of 9 days. Estradiol and progesterone had no effect on graft survival, nor did the synthetic progestins, 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Norethindrone and norethynodrel, compounds of the “19-nor” group of synthetic progestational agents, were found to significantly prolong allograft survival to an average of 13 days. Circulating antibody production was then provoked by repeated injection of bovine serum albumin in Freund's adjuvant. After immunization was complete, the amount of antibody produced was determin...
Protein Digest Analysis by Pressurized Capillary Electrochromatography Using an Ion Trap Storage/Reflectron Time-of-Flight Mass Detector

Pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) has been coupled to an ion trap storage/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer for the analysis of peptide mixtures and protein digests. Taking advantage of the electroosmotic flow, high separation efficiency has been achieved in pCEC due to a relatively flat flow profile and the use of smaller packing materials. A supplementary pressure was used in these experiments which suppressed bubble formation and also allowed the tuning of the elution of peptides using the electrical field. In this work, a fast separation of a six-peptide mixture has been successfully performed. Using columns only 6 cm long, a tryptic digest of bovine cytochrome c was fully separated in around 14 min by properly tuning the applied voltage and the supplementary pressure. In addition, relatively complex protein digests, such as a tryptic digest of chicken ovalbumin, were analyzed using this pCEC/MS system, and more than 20 peaks were resolved in the total ion current chromatogr...
Laparoscopic anatrophic nephrolithotomy: feasibility study in a chronic porcine model.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Anatrophic nephrolithotomy performed via open surgery involves incising the renal parenchyma along an avascular plane to remove a large, complex renal stone. We determined the feasibility of performing laparoscopic anatrophic nephrolithotomy in a survival porcine model. Furthermore, we present a novel technique of creating a staghorn calculus in the porcine model.Materials and Methods: After developing the technique in 3 pigs the survival study was performed in 10 consecutive animals. The procedure comprised 2 aspects. 1) We developed an animal model for staghorn calculi by retrograde injection of polyurethane (Fomo Products, Inc., Norton, Ohio) into the renal pelvis through a ureteral catheter. For a 2-week period the staghorn calculus was allowed to create hydronephrosis. 2) Laparoscopic anatrophic nephrolithotomy was done, involving control of the renal artery and vein, in situ renal hypothermia with ice slush in 1 animal, lateral renal parenchymal incision, stone extraction and suture...
Bigger brains cycle faster before neurogenesis begins: a comparison of brain development between chickens and bobwhite quail

The chicken brain is more than twice as big as the bobwhite quail brain in adulthood. To determine how this species difference in brain size emerges during development, we examined whether differences in neurogenesis timing or cell cycle rates account for the disparity in brain size between chickens and quail. Specifically, we examined the timing of neural events (e.g. neurogenesis onset) from Nissl-stained sections of chicken and quail embryos. We estimated brain cell cycle rates using cumulative bromodeoxyuridine labelling in chickens and quail at embryonic day (ED) 2 and at ED5. We report that the timing of neural events is highly conserved between chickens and quail, once time is expressed as a percentage of overall incubation period. In absolute time, neurogenesis begins earlier in chickens than in quail. Therefore, neural event timing cannot account for the expansion of the chicken brain relative to the quail brain. Cell cycle rates are also similar between the two species at ED5. However, at ED2, before neurogenesis onset, brain cells cycle faster in chickens than in quail. These data indicate that chickens have a larger brain than bobwhite quail mainly because of species differences in cell cycle rates during early stages of embryonic development.
A clonal system of differential gene activity in Drosophila.

Abstract The patterns of eye pigment variegation in two cases of position effect (one in Drosophila virilis and the other in D. melanogaster) were shown to be laid down in the imaginal eye disk during the end of the first larval instar. The timing of this determinative event was made possible by comparing the variegation patterns with the size and shape of twin spots in the adult eye formed by the X-ray induction of somatic exchange at the end of the first instar. In D. virilis the variegation patterns and the twin spots were compared in different flies; whereas, in D. melanogaster, a scheme was devised so that the comparison could be made in one and the same eye. The variegation pattern was shown to be clonal; therefore, the information contained in this determinative event was passed on to the daughter somatic cells for a number of cell generations until the differentiation of the eye was complete and pigment synthesis initiated. Although growth was markedly inhibited in larvae fed on medium containing actinomycin D during the first instar, such treatment did not affect the pattern of position-effect variegation.
Molecular structure and vibrational spectra of divinyl ether

Abstract The infrared spectrum of the vapor from 50 to 4000 cm−1 and the Raman spectrum of the liquid with polarizations have been obtained for divinyl ether. These data indicate the presence of two rotational isomers. The more stable isomer has Cs symmetry, in which the two vinyl groups, although coplanar, are nonequivalent. The second isomer appears to have C1 symmetry. A vibrational assignment of the observed fundamental modes is presented.
Huntington's disease: CAG genetics expands neurobiology

Huntington's disease, with its progressive uncontrolled movements and characteristic selective neuropathology, has represented a baffling enigma to geneticists and neurobiologists alike. Discovery of the HD gene and its defect has demystified the genetic aspects of the disorder, but has not yet explained its pathogenesis. Attempts to explore this issue suggest that the defect acts as a gain of function, conferring a new deleterious property on the huntingtin protein, and that the gene's normal function may be irrelevant to the disease process.
Responses of neurons in ventrolateral orbital cortex to noxious visceral stimulation in the rat

In pentobarbital-anesthetized rats, responses of single neurons in ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) to noxious visceral (colorectal distension, CRD) and cutaneous stimulation were recorded. Of 71 neurons identified on the basis of spontaneous activity, 44 responded to CRD. CRD caused inhibition of neuronal activity in 38, facilitation of activity in four and 'mixed' responses in two of these cells. Cutaneous receptive fields were identified in 31 CRD-responsive and 10 CRD-non-responsive neurons. Cutaneous receptive fields were large and bilateral. 25 CRD-responsive cells responded only to noxious cutaneous stimulation, six had wide dynamic range responses. Six CRD-non-responsive cells responded only to noxious stimuli, four had wide dynamic range responses. No VLO neuron responded only to innocuous stimuli. These data are consistent with involvement of VLO in visceral nociception, possibly in non-discriminative aspects of nociception.
Synthesis and characterization of several binuclear and mononuclear bis(α-dioximato)nickel(II) complexes

Abstract Four binuclear bis(α-dioximato)nickel(II) complexes (where the dioxime is 4,5-octanedione dioxime) were prepared by treatment of a monomeric bis(α-dioximato)nickel(II) species with the linking reagents (F 2 BRBF 2 , R = 1,4 -C 6 H 4 or -(CH 2 ) 4 −. The binuclear complexes consist of one FBRBF moiety linking the two bis(α-dioximato)nickel(II) units together by attachment of each boron to two oxygen atoms of each of the two bis(α-dioximato)nickel(II) units. Several mononuclear bis(α-dioximato)nickel(II) complexes (where the dioxime is either 3,4-hexanedione dioxime or 4,5-octanedione dioxime) containing two RBF units (R = C 6 H 5 , n-C 4 H 9 ), one RBF unit (R = C 6 H 5 ) and one BF 2 unit, or two BF 2 units bridging two oxygens of the dioximes were also prepared. The complexes containing two RBF units exist in two isomeric forms that can be separated using adsorption chromatography. The mononuclear and binuclear complexes were characterized by their NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, and 19 F) and IR spectra. The complexes containing RBF units were stable in neutral and basic media but unstable in acidic media. The compounds with RBF units were also unstable in the presence of Lewis acids. Reaction of the complexes containing RBF units with BF 3 gave the complexes containing two BF 2 units in quantitative yields. Exchange of the α-dioximato ligands between bis(α-dioximato)nickel(II) complexes containing either two hydrogens or two boron moieties bridging the oxime oxygens was unobserved in dichloromethane over a period of at least one month at room temperature. Ligand exchange was observed in acidified dichloromethane for the complexes containing hydrogen bridges but not observed in this medium for the complexes containing BF 2 bridges.
Does the past have a future ? Reflections on the Jakobson heritage

L'A. examine l'heritage de Jakobson et montre que tout ce qu'il a accompli, il l'a fait grâce a des methodes de recherche toujours valides, et a l'aide d'outils intellectuels qui, encore aujourd'hui, conservent leur precision et restent applicables a l'analyse linguistique. Afin que ces methodes ne soient pas oubliees, ni laissees au soin bienveillant de l'historiographe, il se concentre sur un concept elementaire elabore par Jakobson, celui de distribution complementaire, et tente de demontrer la vitalite de cette notion dans l'analyse de la morphologie et la syntaxe des numeraux russes, que Jakobson reconnaissait comme problematiques, mais qu'il n'a jamais resolus. Il souhaite ainsi encourager les autres a se tourner vers les ouvrages de Jakobson et a les lire, afin d'exploiter ses methodes et ses idees pour resoudre des questions restees sans reponse
Temporal focusing of ultrabroadband wireless signals using photonic radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation

We report the first experimental demonstration of temporal compression of ultra-broadband wireless signals distorted by highly scattering multipath channels over the frequency range of 2 to 18 GHz using photonic radio-frequency arbitrary waveform generation.
Survey of applications of passive microwave remote sensing for soil moisture in the U.S.S.R.

The U.S.S.R. has conducted several investigations to evaluate passive microwave remote sensing in selected agricultural and hydrologic problems. These include irrigation scheduling and management, floodplain delineation, and drainage basin analysis. Since many of these results are scattered through translations of limited distribution, this survey was conducted to summarize the results.
Spaces Λα(X) and interpolation

Abstract For two pairs of rearrangement invariant spaces α = [(X1, Y1), (X2, Y2)] we give necessary and sufficient conditions for pairs (X, Y) to be weak intermediate for σ, i.e., each operator which is of weak types (Xi, Yi), i = 1, 2, also maps X boundedly to Y. Spaces Λα(X) are introduced and are shown to have many of the properties that characterize Lorentz Lpq spaces. Necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of a simple function F(s, t) are given in order that (Λα(X), Λα(Y)) be weak intermediate for σ. Other properties of the function F(s, t) yield sufficient conditions and necessary conditions for interpolation theorems.