cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the bactericidal functions of neutrophils

The hematopoietic growth factors granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) not only regulate the numbers of circulating neutrophils but also modulate the function of mature cells. Additionally, newly developed neutrophils subsequently released from the bone marrow in response to colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) also have enhanced function. A variety of different functions are affected, including changes in adherence, movement, phagocytosis, priming and stimulation of the respiratory burst, secretion, and degranulation. These effects also can cause increased microbicidal capacity in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Both G-CSF and GM-CSF have such effects on neutrophil function, but there are differences that may result in precise modulation of the immune responses and may have implications for choice of agents for immune-based therapy for different conditions.
Why Do Displaced Kings Become Poets in the Sanskrit Epics? Modeling Dharma in the Affirmative Rāmāyaṇa and the Interrogative Mahābhārata

The Sanskrit epics are famous for their repeated embedding of narratives within narratives, a formal feature that reflects the poems' devotional and didactic thrusts and thus distinguishes them from their Homeric counterparts.2 Accordingly, the Sanskrit epics' stories and storytellers have received a considerable amount of critical attention (see, for example, Goldman, 1976; Hiltebeitel, 2001; Leslie, 2003; Mangels, 1994; Minkowski, 1989, 2001; Sullivan, 1990). The light of scholarly scrutiny, however, has yet to penetrate the poetic activities of three rulers who are removed from lands that they should command, namely, the R?m?yana's Kusa and Lava and the Mah?bh?rata's Nala. These displaced sovereigns stand out in their respective epics as the only kings or kings-to-be who are identified with poetic performers, the kusllava (roaming rhapsode) in the case of Kusa and Lava and the s?ta (charioteer/bard) in the instance of Nala. The epics take pains to present the monarchs as such in order to amplify the poems that they perform, works
Measurement-based transmission schemes for network MIMO

The scaling of network MIMO (netMIMO) comes with the challenges of interference that arise from the aging of the Channel State Information (CSI). Particularly, in scenarios of high channel mobility---where netMIMO is expected to be used---the performance degradation from interference can be severe. In this paper, we design transmission schemes to address the two sources of CSI aging: delay in acquiring CSI feedback, and transmission period over which CSI remains unchanged. We introduce a two-phase training and feedback protocol that balances CSI aging across users by allowing users with high interference to have a shorter feedback delay. We also introduce an adaptive adjustment to the transmission length to reduce the decoding errors caused from interference. The proposed protocols adapt to the measurements collected from the users and hence applicable to various mobility scenarios. Our evaluation in a real and synchronized netMIMO setup shows significant gains (5--10dB) in user performance, especially in mobile channels.
Oxygen regulation of the epithelial Na channel in the collecting duct

The Po2 within the kidney changes dramatically from cortex to medulla. The present experiments examined the effect of changing Po2 on epithelial Na channel (ENaC)-mediated Na transport in the collecting duct using the mpkCCD-c14 cell line. Decreasing ambient O2 concentration from 20 to 8% decreased ENaC activity by 40%; increasing O2 content to 40% increased ENaC activity by 50%. The O2 effect required several hours to develop and was not mimicked by the acid pH that developed in monolayers incubated in low-O2 medium. Corticosteroids increased ENaC activity at each O2 concentration; there was no interaction. The pathways for O2 and steroid regulation of ENaC are different since O2 did not substantially affect Sgk1, α-ENaC, Gilz, or Usp2–45 mRNA levels, genes involved in steroid-mediated ENaC regulation. The regulation of ENaC activity by these levels of O2 appears not to be mediated by changes in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α or -2α activity or a change in AMP kinase activity. Changes in O2 concentration had minimal effect on α- or γ-ENaC mRNA and protein levels; there were moderate effects on β-ENaC levels. However, 40% O2 induced substantially greater total β- and γ-ENaC on the apical surface compared with 8% O2; both subunits demonstrated a greater increase in the mature forms. The α-ENaC subunit was difficult to detect on the apical surface, perhaps because our antibodies do not recognize the major mature form. These results identify a mechanism of ENaC regulation that may be important in different regions of the kidney and in responses to changes in dietary NaCl.
Extent of cognitive decline in traumatic brain injury based on estimates of premorbid intelligence

Global cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common, with some abilities more significantly affected than others. However, due to difficulties in estimating premorbid intelligence, there has been no systematic evaluation of the extent of decline in different cognitive abilities following TBI. Recent studies indicate that the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R) Reading subtest is an accurate estimate of premorbid intelligence, suggesting that post-TBI cognitive test scores can be compared to the WRAT-R to estimate the extent of decline that occurs in specific cognitive abilities. The current study estimated the extent of deficit in intelligence, memory, attention, speed of processing, and cognitive flexibility for 97 outpatients with TBI. Extent of decline was calculated by subtracting WRAT-R z-scores from cognitive test z-scores to determine a z-difference score (ZDiff) for each cognitive ability. The results suggest that intelligence is least declined following TBI (WAIS-R 3-4-point decline; VIQ ZDiff = -0.23: FIQ ZDiff = -0.27), followed by attention (WMS-R 5-point decline; ZDiff = -0.31), memory (WMS-R 6-9-point decline; Verbal Memory ZDiff = -0.41; General Memory ZDiff = -0.51; Delay Memory ZDiff = -0.57), speed of processing (Trails A 15-16 second decline; ZDiff = -1.90) and cognitive flexibility (Trails B 35-52 second decline; ZDiff = -2.65). Implications for provision of feedback to individuals with TBI and their families are discussed.
Frictional heating on a fault zone with finite thickness

Summary. The problem of frictional heating on a fault of finite thickness is considered. Temperature distributions during and after faulting are obtained for faults of various thicknesses. A thick fault approximation is shown to be valid if a fault has a thickness greater than about 1 cm. The thickness of the melted zone is predicted for various frictional stress levels and displacements. The predicted thicknesses are shown to be in reasonable agreement with field observations.
A Single Gestational Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Disrupts the Adult Uterine Response to Estradiol in Mice

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) given as a cotreatment with estrogen exhibits antiestrogenic properties on the rodent adult uterus, but less is understood regarding hormonal responsiveness of the adult uterus from animals having been exposed to TCDD during critical periods of development. We characterized the inhibitory effects of TCDD (T) exposure at gestational day 15 (GD15), 4 weeks, and 9 weeks of age (TTT) on the adult uterus following hormone treatment. TTT-exposed mice in response to hormone treatment exhibited a blunted weight increase, had fewer uterine glands, displayed morphological anomalies, and had marked decreases in the hormonal regulation of genes involved in fluid transport (Aqp3 and Aqp5), cytoarchitectural (Dsc2 and Sprr2A), and immune (Lcn2 and Ltf) regulation. To determine if the 9-week exposure was responsible for the blunted uterine response, due to the 7- to 11-day half-life of TCDD in mice, a second set of experiments was performed to examine exposure to TCDD given at GD15, GD15 only (cross-fostered at birth), only during lactation (cross-fostered at birth), or at GD15 and 4 weeks of age. Our studies demonstrate that a single developmental TCDD exposure at GD15 is sufficient to elicit a blunted adult uterine response to estradiol and is due in part to fewer gland numbers and the reduced expression of forkhead box A2 (FoxA2), a gene involved in gland development. Together, these results provide insight regarding the critical nature of in utero exposure and the potential impact on ensuing uterine biology and reproductive health later in life.
Analytical Current Transport Modeling of Graphene Nanoribbon Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors for Digital Circuit Design

A semi-classical and a semi-quantum current transport model for p-i-n n-type armchair graphene nanoribbon tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) are studied analytically. The results are compared with the numerical quantum transport simulation method using an atomistic Schrodinger–Poisson solver within the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) formalism. The channel length and width are 20 and 4.9 nm and a-GNR band gap is 0.289 eV. Current ratio ${\rm I_{ON}}/{\rm I_{OFF}}$ at 0.1 V supply voltage is calculated as follows: 122, 16.3 and 116 with a subthreshold slopes 26, 69 and 27.4 mV/decade from semi-classical, semi-quantum and NEGF simulation, respectively. Performance of a-GNR TFET is also studied analytically and numerically considering a-GNR width variation. Voltage transfer characteristics of a-GNR TFET inverter are computed for 0.1 V and 0.2 supply voltages using three current transport models which are in close agreement.
Ecological momentary assessment of working memory under conditions of simultaneous marijuana and tobacco use.

Background and aims The neuropsychological correlates of simultaneous marijuana and tobacco use are largely unknown, which is surprising as both substances have similar neural substrates and have opposing influences on working memory (WM). This study examined the effects of marijuana alone, tobacco alone and simultaneous marijuana and tobacco use on WM. Design Primary aims were tested using a within-subject design, controlling for multiple subject- and momentary-level confounds via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Setting Data collection occurred in the Chicago, USA area in participants' natural environments. Participants Participants were 287 community young adults from a larger natural history study, oversampled for ever smoking, all of whom event-recorded at least one substance use occasion during the study week. Measurements Momentary tobacco, marijuana and alcohol use were recorded during multiple EMA across 1 week of data capture. WM was assessed at the end of each EMA assessment. Contextual variables that may influence WM were recorded via EMA. Findings There were main effects for marijuana and tobacco: WM was poorer with marijuana [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.84-0.99] and better with tobacco (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04-1.18). These effects were not qualified by an interaction (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.84-1.26). Alcohol also reduced WM (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.79-0.95), and the tobacco × alcohol interaction was significant (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.66-0.99), indicating that the facilitative effect of tobacco disappeared with concurrent alcohol use. Conclusions Relative to when individuals did not use these substances, working memory decreased with acute marijuana and alcohol use and increased with acute tobacco use. However, the putative effect of marijuana on working memory and the facilitative effect of tobacco on working memory were no longer present when used simultaneously with tobacco and alcohol, respectively. Data suggest that tobacco use may compensate for working memory decrements from marijuana among young adults and highlight the importance of investigating further the negative impact of alcohol use on cognition.
Dalitz decay H →f f ̄ γ as a background for H →γγ DALITZ DECAY H →f f ̄ γ AS A ... DUANE A. DICUS and WAYNE W. REPKO

The Dalitz decay $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}f\overline{f}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is calculated for very small $f\overline{f}$ invariant masses where the $f\overline{f}$ pair could be mistaken for a photon in the analysis of $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decays. Using the ATLAS cuts and the full Dalitz decay amplitude, we estimate this fraction to be 7.06%.
DataTone: Managing Ambiguity in Natural Language Interfaces for Data Visualization

Answering questions with data is a difficult and time-consuming process. Visual dashboards and templates make it easy to get started, but asking more sophisticated questions often requires learning a tool designed for expert analysts. Natural language interaction allows users to ask questions directly in complex programs without having to learn how to use an interface. However, natural language is often ambiguous. In this work we propose a mixed-initiative approach to managing ambiguity in natural language interfaces for data visualization. We model ambiguity throughout the process of turning a natural language query into a visualization and use algorithmic disambiguation coupled with interactive ambiguity widgets. These widgets allow the user to resolve ambiguities by surfacing system decisions at the point where the ambiguity matters. Corrections are stored as constraints and influence subsequent queries. We have implemented these ideas in a system, DataTone. In a comparative study, we find that DataTone is easy to learn and lets users ask questions without worrying about syntax and proper question form.
Molecular characteristics of the clustering of norovirus gastroenteritis in Jinshan

Objective: To analyze the molecular characteristics of NoVs in the clustering of acute gastroenteritis in Jinshan district of Shanghai.Methods: Field epidemiological surveys were conducted and samples were collected to detect NoVs by real-time RT-PCR and conventional RT-PCR.The PCR products were purified and sequenced,then the sequences of the PCR products were compared with that in GenBank using on line server BLAST and analyzed by using Clustal W,MEGA 4.1 program to construct the phylogenetic trees.Results: The outbreaks occurred in nursing home,geracomium,kindergarten and rural area,with high occurrence in winter and spring.Half of the 52 samples were positive to NoVs,and totally the clustering of acute gastroenteritis were caused by GⅡ.4 NoV strain,which shared 99% nucleotide identity with Hu/GII-4/Beijing/54665/2007/CHN and Hu/NSW696T/2006/AUS.Conclusion: NoVs were the major pathogens causing gastroenteritis outbreaks,while G Ⅱ.4-2006b variant was identified as the predominant strain in Jinshan district of Shanghai.
Engaging Students in Quality Games

Promoting student engagement for all students in physical education, and specifically in game play, is a challenge faced by many middle and high school physical education teachers. Often, the games we play in physical education are not “good games” because, as early as middle school, some students are already resistant to playing specific games due to differences in skill level, experience, interests and histories with the games (e.g., “I always lose and you always win in badminton”). Students who are not appropriately challenged may get bored or they may get frustrated and ultimately become disengaged. This article will highlight two fundamental ways in which secondary physical educators can transform students' experiences during game play by a) designing modified games called adaptation games and by b) fostering the development of tactical decision-making competence during adaptation game play. This integration will be explored through the example of a badminton adaptation game called Hit and Touch Base...
HTLV-I Tax-Mediated Inactivation of Cell Cycle Checkpoints and DNA Repair Pathways Contribute to Cellular Transformation: “A Random Mutagenesis Model”

To achieve cellular transformation, most oncogenic retroviruses use transduction by proto-oncogene capture or insertional mutagenesis, whereby provirus integration disrupts expression of tumor suppressors or proto-oncogenes. In contrast, the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I) has been classified in a separate class referred to as “transactivating retroviruses”. Current views suggest that the viral encoded Tax protein transactivates expression of cellular genes leading to deregulated growth and transformation. However, if Tax-mediated transactivation was indeed sufficient for cellular transformation, a fairly high frequency of infected cells would eventually become transformed. In contrast, the frequency of transformation by HTLV-I is very low, likely less than 5%. This review will discuss the current understanding and recent discoveries highlighting critical functions of Tax in cellular transformation. HTLV-I Tax carries out essential functions in order to override cell cycle checkpoints and deregulate cellular division. In addition, Tax expression is associated with increased DNA damage and genome instability. Since Tax can inhibit multiple DNA repair pathways and stimulate unfaithful DNA repair or bypass checkpoints, these processes allow accumulation of genetic mutations in the host genome. Given this, a “Random Mutagenesis” transformation model seems more suitable to characterize the oncogenic activities of HTLV-I.
Supervisor role overload and frustration as antecedents of abusive supervision: The moderating role of supervisor personality

Summary The current research explores supervisor-level antecedents of abusive supervision in the workplace. Specifically, this study introduces affective events theory to the abusive supervision literature to suggest that supervisor role overload, a work-related event, leads to supervisor frustration. As an intense negative emotional reaction, frustration, in turn, triggers supervisors to exhibit abusive behaviors in the workplace. Supervisor personality traits—namely, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness—are also posited to moderate these hypothesized relationships. Specifically, neuroticism is expected to moderate the relationship between role overload and frustration while conscientiousness and agreeableness are expected to moderate the relationship between frustration and abusive supervision. Ultimately, we propose and examine a moderated-mediation model. Multisource field data demonstrate general support for the hypothesized relationships. We conclude with theoretical and practical implications as well as future research avenues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evolutionary analysis of rules regulating human inbreeding and marriage

Evolutionary theory predicts that humans should avoid incest because of the negative effects incest has on individual reproduction: production of defective offspring. Selection for the avoidance of close-kin mating has apparently resulted in a psychological mechanism that promotes voluntary incest avoidance. Most human societies are thought to have rules regulating incest. If incest is avoided, why are social rules constructed to regulate it? This target article suggests that incest rules do not exist primarily to regulate close-kin mating but to regulate inbreeding between more distant kin (especially cousin categories) and sexual relations between affinal relatives (often nonkin). Three evolutionary hypotheses about cousin marriage and affinal kin mating follow from this suggestion: (1) Rules regulating mating between affinal kin are means of paternity protection. Cousin marriage (inbreeding) is regulated because, if it occurs, it can concentrate wealth and power within families to the detriment of (2) the powerful positions of rulers in stratified societies and (3) the relatively equal social statuses of most men in egalitarian societies. Tests using the comparative method on a worldwide sample of 129 societies supported the three hypotheses. Two alternative anthropological hypotheses (derived from Freudian theory and alliance theory) failed to be supported.
Myosin-7b Promotes Distal Tip Localization of the Intermicrovillar Adhesion Complex

Summary Transporting epithelial cells interact with the luminal environment using a tightly packed array of microvilli known as the brush border. During intestinal epithelial differentiation, microvillar packing and organization are driven by cadherin-dependent adhesion complexes that localize to the distal tips of microvilli, where they drive physical interactions between neighboring protrusions. Although enrichment of the "intermicrovillar adhesion complex" (IMAC) at distal tips is required for proper function, the mechanism driving tip accumulation of these factors remains unclear. Here, we report that the actin-based motor myosin-7b (Myo7b) promotes the accumulation of IMAC components at microvillar tips. Myo7b is highly enriched at the tips of microvilli in both kidney and intestinal brush borders, and loss of Myo7b in differentiating intestinal epithelial cells disrupts intermicrovillar adhesion and, thus, brush border assembly. Analysis of cells lacking Myo7b revealed that IMAC components and the resulting intermicrovillar adhesion links are mislocalized along the microvillar axis rather than enriched at the distal tips. We also found that Myo7b motor domains are capable of supporting tip-directed transport. However, motor activity is supplemented by other passive targeting mechanisms that together drive highly efficient IMAC accumulation at the tips. These findings illuminate the molecular basis of IMAC enrichment at microvillar tips and hold important implications for understanding apical morphogenesis in transporting and sensory epithelial tissues.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Orion Strain CRJJGF_00093 (Phylum Gammaproteobacteria)

Here, we report a 4.70-Mbp draft genome sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Orion strain CRJJGF_00093, isolated from a dog in 2005.
Impact of subarachnoid hemorrhage on parenchymal arteriolar function.

Intracerebral or parenchymal arterioles play an important role in the regulation of both global and regional blood flow within the brain. Brain cortex lacks significant collateral sources of blood and thus is at risk if blood flow through parenchymal arterioles is restricted. Increasingly, evidence is accumulating that abnormal parenchymal arteriolar constriction contributes to the development of neurological deficits caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). For example, parenchymal arterioles isolated from SAH model rats exhibit enhanced constriction in response to increased intravascular pressure. This increased pressure-dependent constriction or myogenic tone would result in a shift in the cerebral autoregulatory response and decreased cerebral perfusion. Here, we summarize our current knowledge regarding cellular mechanisms contributing to enhanced contractility of parenchymal arteriolar myocytes following SAH. Our studies demonstrated that SAH-induced membrane potential depolarization involving altered K+ homeostasis leads to enhanced voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity, increased smooth muscle cytosolic Ca2+, and parenchymal arteriolar constriction. In summary, emerging evidence demonstrates that SAH can profoundly affect parenchymal arteriolar tone, promoting decreased cortical blood flow and compromised neuronal viability.
Salivary Gland Tumors

Salivary gland tumors represent a diverse group of neoplasms. They are uncommon lesions that are distinct from other cancers of the head and neck and account for approximately 6 percent of neoplasms in that anatomic region …
The Effects of Anxiety, Depression and Personality Disorders on Neurocognitive Functioning in Patients with Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures (P4.206)

Objective: To examine the effects of depression, anxiety, and personality disorder (PD) comorbidities on cognitive performance and perception of cognitive functioning in patients with PNES across three domains - attention, memory, and verbal functioning. Background: Patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) self-report cognitive deficits that do not always correspond with clinically established performance measures or neuropsychological testing. Design/Methods: 352 patients (average age 38y (sd=14); 75[percnt] female) with video-EEG confirmed PNES with comorbid anxiety (n=249), depression (n=189), and PD (n=64) were assessed. Both subjective cognitive complaints and objective cognitive deficits measured by the MMSE were analyzed between those with and without the three comorbidities using generalized modeling with least squares estimation (SAS 9.4). Results: For self-reported cognitive functioning, the odds of attention problem complaints were 2.6 times higher for those with an anxiety disorder relative to those without (p=.0095). The odds of memory complaints were 2.8 times higher for those with a PD relative to those without (p=.0187). Regarding formal neurocognitive assessment, on average, patients scored 90[percnt] or higher on all measures except on memory testing, where deficits for recall score was approximately 70[percnt] in all patients. Group differences on memory measures were observed: those without anxiety had higher observed deficits on memory tests (3 object 5 minute recall) than those with anxiety (61[percnt] vs. 73[percnt]), approaching significance (p=0.058), and those with PD had higher observed deficits on memory recall than those without PD (68[percnt] vs. 79[percnt]), (p=0.042). No other differences were found between those with and without comorbidities on observed cognitive deficits. Conclusions: Overall, patients with PNES performed well on cognitive measures, except for memory recall, affecting patients independent of comorbidity. . These findings may reflect putative cortico-limbic circuitry deficits in PNES. This study reveals the potential clinical impact of comorbidities on perceived and actual cognition in PNES. Disclosure: Dr. Young has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baird has nothing to disclose. Dr. Davis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Blum has received personal compensation for activities with Digitrace/Sleepmed as a Medical Supervisor. Dr. Blum has received personal compensation for activities with Digitrace/Sleepmed as a Medical Supervisor.
Contact and perspective taking improve humanness standards and perceptions of humanness of older adults and people with dementia: a cross-sectional survey study.

Background: No empirical work has systematically explored perceptions of humanness of people with dementia and of older adults and the variables that could improve these perceptions. We thus investigated the role of contact and perspective taking in improving perceptions of humanness of these social groups. To do so, we developed a new concept, humanness standards, defined as the amount of evidence of ability impairment needed to conclude that elderly people and those with dementia have lost personhood. Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey design (n = 619) to assess participants’ humanness standards and perceptions of uniquely human characteristics and human nature characteristics of two social groups (people with dementia and older adults). Half the participants (n = 311) completed a survey about people with dementia and half (n = 308) assessed older adults. Results: People with dementia were perceived as possessing humanness characteristics to a lesser extent than were older adults. For both groups, contact predicted enhanced perceptions of humanness characteristics. Participants’ degree of contact with individuals with dementia also predicted humanness standards, but only under low perspective-taking conditions. As predicted, for older adults, participants set the highest humanness impairment thresholds in the high contact/high perspective-taking condition. Conclusions: We conclude that while social programs that bring persons with dementia and other individuals in contact could change humanness standards and perceptions of humanness characteristics of people with dementia, in the case of elderly adults, the contact must be supplemented by variables that facilitate taking the perspective of the person.
Social Risk, Fiscal Risk, and the Portfolio of Government Programs

keywords (topics picked by HBS librarians): Risk Management, Government and Politics, Programs, Other places to link: http://www.nber.org/papers/w22763 Link to publisher: https://academic.oup.com/rfs/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/rfs/hhy086/5068154?redirectedFrom=fulltext Hanson, Samuel G., David S. Scharfstein, and Adi Sunderam. "Social Risk, Fiscal Risk, and the Portfolio of Government Programs." Review of Financial Studies (forthcoming). (Internet Appendix Here:http://www.people.hbs.edu/shanson/Govt_Programs_IA_20180623.pdf.)
Indications for MARS-MRI in Patients Treated With Articular Surface Replacement XL Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to identify which patient and clinical factors are predictive of adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR) and to use these factors to create a highly sensitive algorithm for indicating metal artifact reduction sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MARS-MRI) in Articular Surface Replacement (ASR) XL total hip arthroplasty patients. Our secondary aim was to compare our algorithm to existing national guidelines on when to take MARS-MRI in metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty patients. Methods The study consisted of 137 patients treated with unilateral ASR XL implants from a prospective, multicenter study. Patients underwent MARS-MRI regardless of clinical presentation at a mean of 6.2 (range, 3.3-10.4) years from surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine which variables were predictive of ALTR. Predictors were used to create an algorithm to indicate MARS-MRI. Finally, we compared our algorithm's ability to detect ALTR to existing guidelines. Results We found a visual analog scale pain score ≥2 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.53; P = .023), high blood cobalt (OR = 1.05; P = .023), and male gender (OR = 2.37; P = .034) to be significant predictors of ALTR presence in our cohort. The resultant algorithm achieved 86.4% sensitivity and 60.2% specificity in detecting ALTR within our cohort. Our algorithm had the highest area under the curve and was the only guideline that was significantly predictive of ALTR (P = .014). Conclusion Our algorithm including patient-reported pain and sex-specific cutoffs for blood cobalt levels could predict ALTR and indicate MARS-MRI in our cohort of ASR XL metal-on-metal patients with high sensitivity. Level of Evidence Level II, diagnostic study.
Assessing health literacy in African American and Caucasian adults: disparities in rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine (REALM) scores.

Background and Objectives: The influence of literacy on health and health care is an important area of investigation. Studies with a literacy focus are most valuable when literacy is assessed with psychometrically sound instruments. Methods: This study used a prospective cohort sample of 1,610 primary care patients. Patients provided sociodemographics and took the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM), a 66-item word pronunciation literacy test. Results: The sample was 65% African American; 66% were men; 51% had a high school education or less. REALM scores were significantly related to education, age, and race but not gender. When stratified by education, differences between African Americans and Caucasians remained significant. Using 19 different strategies to shorten the 66-item instrument, reliability coefficients above .80 were maintained. Conclusions: The REALM is a robust assessment of health literacy. However, the discordance in scores between African Americans and Caucasians with similar educational attainment needs to be further addressed. A much shorter instrument would still have internally consistent scores and potentially be more useful in clinical settings.
Time Series Quasi-experiment

Campbell and Stanley (1966) recommend the time series quasi-experiment for assessing the causal effect of a discrete intervention on a time series. This design is distinguished from quasiexperiments in that the plausible threats to internal validity, regression and maturation, as well as the threats to statistical conclusion validity (Cook and Campbell 1979) must be controlled by a statistical model. Other threats to internal validity, though less plausible, can be controlled by standard design features such as control series and, where possible, on-off manipulation of the independent variable. Threats to external validity, which have received less attention, can be controlled by meta-analytic models. Threats to the three validities and the models and methods used to control the threats are illustrated with examples drawn from the literature.
Uses of Braces and Orthotics for Conservative Management of Foot and Ankle Disorders

Nonsurgical management is almost always considered the first-line treatment for the vast majority of foot and ankle pathologies. Foot orthoses, shoe modifications, and therapeutic footwear are cons...
Catching chances: The movement to be on the ground and research ready before an outbreak

After more than 28,000 Ebola virus disease cases and at least 11,000 deaths in West Africa during the 2014–2016 epidemic, the world remains without a licensed vaccine or therapeutic broadly available and demonstrated to alleviate suffering. This deficiency has been felt acutely in the two, short, following years with two Ebola virus outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and a Marburg virus outbreak in Uganda. Despite billions of U.S. dollars invested in developing medical countermeasures for filoviruses in the antecedent decades, resulting in an array of preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic products, none are available on commercial shelves. This paper explores why just-in-time research efforts in the field during the West Africa epidemic failed, as well as some recent initiatives to prevent similarly lost opportunities.
Research Methodology, Design and Methods

Having proposed an ex-ante framework of institutional convening as seen through the lens of power asymmetries and formulating four clear and lucid research questionnaires and propositions, the author throws light on the methodology, design and methods adopted in this research. The methodology followed is interpretive and qualitative (reflexive) in nature as the research questions relate to ‘why’ and ‘how’ rather than ‘what’ and ‘when’. Four cases pertaining to different government programmes were selected from a population of 110 case studies of successful institutional convening following purposive sampling technique. The case studies related to women empowerment, total sanitation campaign, eradication of child labour, and an anti-liquor drive in some of the least developed villages of Odisha. They were developed using Eisenhardt’s methodology for case research.
Nanobubble Extravasation in Prostate Tumors Imaged with Ultrasound: Role of Active versus Passive Targeting

Microbubble-enhanced ultrasound (US) has shown promise in detection of prostate cancer (PCa), but sensitivity and specificity of detection remains under 65%. Development of a more effective contrast agent for enhanced delineation of PCa with US could provide significant improvement in this area. Targeted nano-sized US contrast agents with improved capability to extravasate and accumulate in tumors may result in prolonged signal enhancement and improved detection of PCa with US. We have developed a long-circulating nanobubble (NB) targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a known biomarker expressed on PCa cells. In this study, using a unique US-pathology correlation scheme, we compared rapid tumor accumulation of PSMA-targeted NB (PSMA-NB) in PSMA-positive PC3pip tumor compared to that of untargeted NB and the commercially available microbubble (MB), Lumason®. Significant enhancement was seen especially after 15 min of post admiration of PSMA-NB in the PSMA-positive tumor, with minor washout. In contrast, untargeted NB and Lumason® signal decayed continuously after peak. At 25 min after administration of PSMA-NB showed 4-fold high signal enhancement compared to NB $(4.0\pm 1.5\ \text{vs}\ 1.0\pm 1.1\text{dB},\ \text{p} both before and after tumor perfusion. Results indicate that active targeting of NBs to PSMA selectively enhances tumor accumulation and is critical for tumor retention, and both processes can be successfully monitored in real time using contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
Instantaneous dimensionless numbers for transient nonlinear rheology

Two instantaneous dimensionless numbers that act as Deborah and Weissenberg numbers are introduced to diagnose flow conditions for transient nonlinear rheology. The utility of the new numbers is demonstrated on the steady alternating large amplitude oscillatory shear response of a colloidal Ludox glass, the soft glassy rheology model, and a viscoelastic wormlike micelle solution. Complex nonlinear trajectories through Pipkin space are observed, from which it is concluded that large amplitude oscillatory shear represents a range of distinct flow types. These results indicate that the observation time may change significantly during a period of oscillation. The complex trajectories observed for all three systems go from close to one axis to close to the other and back in quick succession. Rather than existing in the dominant central area that Pipkin originally marked as “?”, LAOS may simply be the way by which the axes of Pipkin space are dynamically linked.
Global Dynamics of Discrete Dynamical Systems and Difference Equations

We present a survey of new approaches to the investigation of the global dynamics of discrete dynamical systems or autonomous difference equations. To achieve our objectives, we have utilized singularity theory of Whitney, the notion of critical curves of Mira and Gardini, and the notion of the carrying simplex of Hirsch. Using a geometric approach, we extend the notion of monotonicity of Smith from planar systems to higher dimensional systems. The global dynamics of a special class of systems generated by triangular maps will be, thoroughly studied. Biological and economics models will be introduced to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of our methods. Finally, we present some open problems and conjectures to stimulate more research in this area of paramount importance to the field of dynamical systems/difference equations.
Picking up the pieces: body parts and female power in Shakespeare's The rape of Lucrece

OF THE THESIS PICKING UP THE PIECES: BODY PARTS AND FEMALE POWER IN SHAKESPEARE'S THE RAPE OF LUCRECE by Daphne Blum Florida International University, 2000 Miami, Florida Professor Peggy Endel, Major Professor In The Rape of Lucrece, Shakespeare anatomizes Lucrece's body-fragments the whole, splits apart the parts. He does so not only to expose the otherwise concealed act of rape-which is hidden within the mysterious and "invisible" female genitalia-but to indicate that Lucrece's parts, through analogy with Pagan and Christian figures and theories, are powerful, even combative, but always pure. In the first section, individual body parts connect Lucrece with so-called "wild women," including the Amazons, Medusa, and Philomela. In the second section, body parts either link Lucrece, or sever Tarquin, from the Divine. In the final section, Classical Mythology and Protestantism conflate in the dis-embodied figure of Helen of Troy. The body-Lucrece's, Tarquin's and the figures on the tapestry-is explored in metaphorical parts, dismembered, or apotheosized/de-corporealized in an attempt to prove that a raped woman may retain her subjectivity along with her innocence.
ARTHROSCOPIC SYNOVECTOMY OF THE ELBOW FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

The short-term assessment of 14 arthroscopic synovectomies of the elbow in 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that 93% achieved a short-term rating of excellent or good on the Mayo Elbow Performance Score. At the most recent assessment at an average of 42 months, however, only 57% maintained excellent or good results; four had required total elbow replacement. Although rehabilitation is facilitated by an arthroscopic procedure the results deteriorate more rapidly than after open synovectomy. This may be due to the limitations of the arthroscopic technique and is consistent with experience of the similar procedure in the knee. Recognition of the short-term gain and the potential for serious nerve injury should be considered when offering arthroscopic synovectomy.
Comparative Evaluation of Three Tissue Culture Methods for the Improvement of Plant Regeneration from Diverse Oat (Avena spp. L.) Genotypes

Seven regenerable oat genotypes were cultured via callus, multiple meristem and multiple meristem-to-callus combinations to produce plants. Meristem-to-callus refers to the induction of multiple meristems under reduced auxin followed by the initiation and proliferation of callus from such multiple meristems under high auxin-containing media. Numbers of regenerated plants from all three tissue culture methods were significantly higher (P=0.05) in GP-1 than in other genotypes. In the GP-1 x Corbit and Corbit x GP-1 genotypes, higher plant numbers were observed when GP-1 was the maternal parent. For Corbit, an agronomically important oat genotype, tissue culture methods using callus and meristem-to-callus produced more plants per gram than using multiple meristem cultures alone. The meristem-to-callus method, in particular, produced substantial numbers of plants per gram in Corbit.
Bromide ion probe N.M.R. studies of glutamate decarboxylase (E. coli).

Abstract Rate and bromine-81 nmr spectroscopic investigations of the binding of bromide and chloride ions to bacterial L-glutamate decarboxylase have been carried out. A mild acceleration of the decarboxylation reaction by these anions is observed and the nmr results suggest that bromide and chloride bind competitively to the enzyme. Bromide ion binding appears to have the same pH dependence as the rate of the enzymatic reaction.
Parent Education in Studies With Nonverbal and Minimally Verbal Participants With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to identify parent education procedures implemented in intervention studies focused on expressive verbal communication for nonverbal (NV) or minimally verbal (MV) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parent education has been shown to be an essential component in the habilitation of individuals with ASD. Parents of individuals with ASD who are NV or MV may particularly benefit from parent education in order to provide opportunities for communication and to support their children across the life span. Method ProQuest databases were searched between the years of 1960 and 2018 to identify articles that targeted verbal communication in MV and NV individuals with ASD. A total of 1,231 were evaluated to assess whether parent education was implemented. We found 36 studies that included a parent education component. These were reviewed with regard to (a) the number of participants and participants' ages, (b) the parent education program provided, (c) the format of the parent education, (d) the duration of the parent education, (e) the measurement of parent education, and (f) the parent fidelity of implementation scores. Results The results of this analysis showed that very few studies have included a parent education component, descriptions of the parent education programs are unclear in most studies, and few studies have scored the parents' implementation of the intervention. Conclusions Currently, there is great variability in parent education programs in regard to participant age, hours provided, fidelity of implementation, format of parent education, and type of treatment used. Suggestions are made to provide both a more comprehensive description and consistent measurement of parent education programs.
Satellite Baby Students' Lived Experiences, TESOL Teacher Candidates' Positioning, Agency, and Pedagogy.

This study investigated two TESOL teacher candidates’ positioning, agency, and pedagogy through a narrative analysis of their journal entries about their satellite baby students’ lived experiences....
Tunable modalities in polyolefin synthesis via coordination insertion catalysis

Abstract Metal-catalyzed coordination insertion polymerization is one of the most widely used methods to prepare polyolefins, a broad class of polymers comprising a vast majority of the synthetic materials market. To impart greater control over the polymerization process, chemists have developed innovative strategies to enable catalyst tuning by reaction engineering (e.g., changing temperature, pressure, solvent, etc.) or introducing external stimuli (e.g., redox reagents, light, boranes, or metal cations). This review article will provide an overview of the various tunable modalities employed to regulate the polymerization of olefins by transition metal complexes. We will focus on the unique capabilities and limitations of various approaches and offer our perspective on how externally regulated polymerization could have meaningful impacts on applications and future research.
On single-user decodable codes for the Gaussian multiple access channel

It is shown that any rate tuple R contained in the capacity region of the Gaussian multiple access channel can be achieved by means of multiple access codes with decoding complexity equivalent to that of at most 2m-1 single-user codes. >
Oxygen saturation of the blood of the newborn, as affected by maternal anesthetic agents.

Abstract 1. 1. Oxygen saturation of capillary blood was studied in 94 full-term newborn infants. Separate determinations were made on 708 samples of blood. The infants were born vaginally by normal spontaneous or outlet forceps delivery following various forms of maternal anesthesia. Capillary blood samples were drawn at birth, one-half hour, and one hour. In some cases, samples were collected at two, three, twelve, and eighteen hours after delivery. The anesthetics studied were regional, ether with and without neonatal supplemental oxygen, nitrous oxide, cyclopropane, and Pentothal Sodium, all carefully administered for short periods. 2. 2. No statistically significant differences were found between the average saturations at birth or at one hour when a single anesthetic agent is compared with regional anesthesia. 3. 3. Significant differences were found when regional anesthesia was compared with the whole group of general anesthetics with respect to percentage of infants whose one-hour oxygen saturation was above 90 per cent. 4. 4. In the regional anesthesia group, 45 per cent of the infants were 90 per cent oxygen saturated, or over, at one hour of life. In the ether series three hours of life were necessary before a similar number of the infants reached 90 per cent oxygen saturation. 5. 5. The administration of oxygen to the newborn infant after maternal ether anesthesia produced no significant changes in oxygen saturation of the infant's blood. 6. 6. Artificial resuscitation, which was given if respirations were not spontaneously established within three minutes after birth, was required for none of 30 infants born of mothers receiving regional anesthesia. One of 10 infants from the Pentothal Sodium series, 3 of 10 after nitrous oxide, 14, or 45 per cent, of 31 infants from the ether series, and 7, or 54 per cent, of infants born of mothers receiving cyclopropane anesthesia required artificial resuscitation.