cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stimulated-Brillouin-scattering properties of SnCl 4

Common liquid Brillouin media have poor optical and physical stability when they are pumped at high average powers. We demonstrate that tin tetrachloride, SnCl4, is stable and shows no thermal defocusing at 1064 nm for 20-ns pulses at fluences of 3 J/cm2 and a pulse-repetition frequency of 10 Hz. To characterize this new stimulated-Brillouin-scattering medium we measured the following stimulated Brillouin parameters: Brillouin shift at 35°C, νB = (2.21 ± 0.02) GHz or ωB = 7.37 × 10−2 cm−1; temperature dependence of the Brillouin shift, dνB/dT = −8.95 MHz/°C; small-signal gain coefficient at line center, g0 = (11.2 ± 0.5) cm/GW; Brillouin-gain linewidth, ΔνB = (182 ± 12) MHz, which corresponds to a phonon relaxation time τB = 1.75 ns; and refractive index n = 1.36 at 1.064 μm and 25°C.
“If dead we cease to be”: the logic of immortality in Coleridge’s “Human Life”

Coleridge’s often neglected and sometimes misread later poem “Human Life, On the Denial of Immortality” deserves a reappraisal because it was composed around the time when many of his poems were revised into versions now considered canonical. The poem also repeats and anticipates some of his philosophical and religious beliefs articulated in prose. When provided this context, the poem’s tautological and enigmatic arguments, along with its formal manipulations, suggest how Coleridge employs his interest in the vitalist debate and his conceptualization of human reason to develop his case for the viability of immortality. The poem is peppered with instances of surplus, beginning with the image of humans as the by‐product of nature’s creative work, which draws on the materialist view that life results from the organization of matter. Coleridge contests this faulty premise by making surplus itself redemptive: his contention is that humans were created intentionally and in God’s image and, therefore, must belie...
‘Why can't I get married?’—Denmark and the ‘Twenty-four year law’

Recent geographical work in Whiteness studies has been primarily Anglophone and centered on the USA, Britain and Australia. This paper expands those studies to consider the case of Denmark. Using three themes of Whiteness, the paper analyzes the 2002 ‘Twenty-four year marriage law,’ which regulates marriage by Danish citizens and legal Danish residents to individuals from outside Denmark, the Nordic countries and the European Union. This law stipulates that for spouses or cohabitants from outside these three regions to be granted residence permits in Denmark, certain conditions must be met including the requirement that both partners must be over the age of 24. The paper argues that the implementation of the twenty-four year law is overt evidence that Whiteness is well-entrenched in Denmark, contradicts the very values Danish society states it wishes to uphold and is negatively impacting a portion of the very population that Whiteness is trying to protect.
Random Waterfilling in a Clustered Multiuser OFDM System

In this paper, a random waterfilling power allocation is proposed for performance enhancement in clustered multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in a low SNR regime. The proposed random waterfilling increases the multiuser diversity gain so that it achieves higher throughput than static equal power allocation. The relative gain over static equal power allocation increases as the received SNR decreases. Based on an upper bound on the normalized capacity of the proposed random waterfilling derived in this paper, it is shown that the capacity grows with number of users K like O(log2K-1/?2K-1).
Numerical comparisons of short-pulse scattering models for rough surfaces

This paper provides a detailed numerical comparison between two frequency-domain rough-surface scattering models for the reconstruction of a short carrier-free pulse in the time domain. The two scattering models are a Space-Harmonic Model (SHM) and a Full-Wave Model (FWM), both of which assume a sinusoidally corrugated scatterer. To facilitate a time-domain comparison of the scattering algorithms, a Fourier series method is used to sum the scattered harmonics of the incident pulse. Several graphical comparisons are presented for backscattering of a train of square pulses which has been band limited to correspond to an X-band short pulse. The respective algorithmic difficulties and relative computational efficiencies are also briefly discussed. The computational results indicate that at moderate roughness and small incidence angles, the SHM and the FWM agree quite closely. The omission, however, of multiple scattering in the FWM formulation is seen to limit the effectiveness of the FWM for large scattering angles in combination with moderately rough surfaces.
An Object-Based Requirements Modeling Method.

The process of system modeling and specification remains primarily a manual, labor-intensive task. The informality often present in initial requirements documents hinders the use of automated tools for system modeling. However, with the aid of a translator to convert the initial requirements document into a more structured representation, improved modeling techniques are possible. This article describes such a modeling technique. A system model based on the objects in the initial requirements document is generated. The technique is automated, thus ensuring that the developed model directly reflects the information present in the requirements document. The system model may be used both as a preliminary specification model and as the input into a more formal specification process. It provides a solid foundation for object-based specification and design
Hypoxic dilatation of porcine small coronary arteries: role of endothelium and KATP‐channels

1 The aim of the present study was to determine the cellular mechanims and potential mediators involved in hypoxic dilatation of porcine small coronary arteries. 2 Small coronary arteries were isolated from a branch of the left anterior descending artery of porcine hearts, cannulated with glass micropipettes and studied in a perfusion myograph system. At a transmural pressure of 40 mmHg, the arteries had an internal diameter of 167.8 ± 6.6 μm (n = 37). 3 In arteries contracted with acetylcholine (ACh), hypoxia (0% O2, 30 min) caused dilatation (86.9± 6.7% relaxation, n = 6) in vessels with endothelium but constriction in endothelium-denuded vessels. 4 Hypoxic vasodilatation occurring in arteries with endothelium was abolished by the KAtp channel inhibitor, glibenclamide (0.44 μM), but was not affected by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (l-NAME, 44 μM) or cyclo-oxygenase (indomethacin, 4.4 μM). 5 Bradykinin evoked endothelium-dependent relaxation that was inhibited by l-NAME (44 μM) but not glibenclamide 0.44 μM). Cromakalim (0.1–0.3μM), a KATP channel opener, caused relaxation that was inhibited by glibenclamide, but was not affected by l-NAME (44 μm) and/or indomethacin (4.4 μm). 6 Endothelium-removal inhibited vasodilatation evoked by cromakalim, but increased vasodilator responses to the NO donor, SIN-1 (10−8 to 10−5 m). 7 These results indicate that hypoxia acted directly on vascular smooth muscle of small coronary arteries to cause contraction. However, this effect was overwhelmed by endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to hypoxia. This relaxation was most likely mediated by release of an endothelium-derived factor, distinct from nitric oxide or prostacyclin, that activated smooth muscle KATP-channels.
Scalable extensions of HEVC for next generation services

The high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard being developed by ITU-T VCEG and ISO/IEC MPEG achieves a compression goal of reducing the bitrate by half for the same visual quality when compared with earlier video compression standards such as H.264/AVC. It achieves this goal with the use of several new tools such as quad-tree based partitioning of data, larger block sizes, improved intra prediction, the use of sophisticated prediction of motion information, inclusion of an in-loop sample adaptive offset process etc. This paper describes an approach where the HEVC framework is extended to achieve spatial scalability using a multi-loop approach. The enhancement layer inter-predictive coding efficiency is improved by including within the decoded picture buffer multiple up-sampled versions of the decoded base layer picture. This approach has the advantage of achieving significant coding gains with a simple extension of the base layer tools such as inter-prediction, motion information signaling etc. Coding efficiency of the enhancement layer is further improved using adaptive loop filter and internal bit-depth increment. The performance of the proposed scalable video coding approach is compared to simulcast transmission of video data using high efficiency model version 6.1 (HM-6.1). The bitrate savings are measured using Bjontegaard Delta (BD) rate for a spatial scalability factor of 2 and 1.5 respectively when compared with simulcast anchors. It is observed that the proposed approach provides an average luma BD rate gains of 33.7% and 50.5% respectively.
Policing in Black and White: Ethnic Group Differences in Trust and Confidence in the Police:

Public trust and confidence in the police is generally low, with minority group members especially mistrustful of the police. This study uses a sample of New Yorkers to examine, first, whether trus...
QoS support over ultrafast TDM optical networks

HLAN is a promising architecture to realize Tb/s access networks based on ultra-fast optical TDM technologies. This paper presents new research results on efficient algorithms for the support of quality of service over the HLAN network architecture. In particular, we propose a new scheduling algorithm that emulates fair queuing in a distributed manner for bandwidth allocation purpose. The proposed scheduler collects information on the queue of each host on the network and then instructs each host how much data to send. Our new scheduling algorithm ensures full bandwidth utilization, while guaranteeing fairness among all hosts.
Teaching Vocabulary and Morphology in Intermediate Grades

Direct vocabulary instruction of Tier 2 and Tier 3 words in intermediate-grade curricula is an important tool of literacy instruction because English is a language grafted from many roots and has not developed a one-to-one phoneme–grapheme correspondence. In addition to knowing graphemes and phonemes, students must formally learn words that cross domain knowledge and introduce subject-matter concepts. Intermediate-grade teachers can deal with these curricula demands and help their students advance their reading ability and their subject learning by combining vocabulary instruction with word recognition skills and by incorporating the meaning of vocabulary words with subject knowledge. Teaching vocabulary and morphology improves students’ comprehension of text because knowledge of meaningful word components, syllabication, and academic vocabulary improves both word recognition skills and subject specific understanding. In addition, teaching content terminology and Latin and Greek stems improves students’ w...
Evaluation of the flux gradient technique for measurement of ozone surface fluxes over snowpack at Summit, Greenland

Abstract. A multi-step procedure for investigating ozone surface fluxes over polar snow by the tower gradient method was developed and evaluated. These measurements were then used to obtain five months (April–August 2004) of turbulent ozone flux data at the Summit research camp located in the center of the Greenland ice shield. Turbulent fluxes were determined by the gradient method incorporating tower measurements of (a) ozone gradients measured by commercial ultraviolet absorption analyzers, (b) ambient temperature gradients using aspirated thermocouple sensors, and (c) wind speed gradients determined by cup anemometers. All gradient instruments were regularly inter-compared by bringing sensors or inlets to the same measurement height. The developed protocol resulted in an uncertainty on the order of 0.1 ppbv for 30-min averaged ozone gradients that were used for the ozone flux calculations. This protocol facilitated a lower sensitivity threshold for the ozone flux determination of ∼8 × 10−3μg m−2 s−1, respectively ∼0.01 cm s−1 for the ozone deposition velocity for typical environmental conditions encountered at Summit. Uncertainty in the 30-min ozone exchange measurements (evaluated by the Monte Carlo statistical approach) was on the order of 10−2 cm s−1. This uncertainty typically accounted to ~20–100% of the ozone exchange velocities that were determined. These measurements are among the most sensitive ozone deposition determinations reported to date. This flux experiment allowed for measurements of the relatively low ozone uptake rates encountered for polar snow, and thereby the study of their environmental and spring-versus-summer dependencies.
Crosstalk modeling for coupled RLC interconnects with application to shield insertion

On-chip interconnect delay and crosstalk noise have become significant bottlenecks in the performance and signal integrity of deep submicrometer VLSI circuits. A crosstalk noise model for both identical and nonidentical coupled resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) interconnects is developed based on a decoupling technique exhibiting an average error of 6.8% as compared to SPICE. The crosstalk noise model, together with a proposed concept of effective mutual inductance, is applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the shielding technique
Optimal advance detector location for green termination systems on high-speed isolated rural intersections

This study seeks to identify the optimal location of an advance point traffic detector (APTD) to support green termination algorithms for enhanced dilemma zone protection systems at high-speed isolated signalized rural intersections. This is done by developing a nonlinear optimization model with the objective to maximize the opportunities to predict empty dilemma zones during a look-ahead time period subject to the prediction accuracy which is manifested through prediction efficiency and safety constraints in the model. The distance of the APTD from the stop bar of the intersection represents the decision variable. The Golden-Section line search algorithm combined with numerical integration techniques is proposed to identify the feasible region and the optimal solution. The proposed methodology is analyzed using field data from a high-speed isolated intersection in Lincoln, Nebraska. The numerical experiments demonstrate that as the constraints associated with prediction efficiency and safety are relaxed, the feasible range to deploy the APTD increases. The optimal solution is influenced by the relationship between the prediction error and the location of the APTD, illustrating the need to robustly calibrate the function used to estimate the variance of the prediction error using field data. From a practice standpoint, the study confirms the potential concerns related to the performance efficiency of green termination systems using a point detector; typical field implementations locate the detector 750-1000 ft from the stop bar, which can potentially lead to significant levels of missed opportunities to terminate green safely. Overall, the proposed approach not only provides a systematic analytical methodology to determine the optimal location of the advance detector, but also to identify its feasible range based on user-specified thresholds related to efficiency and safety.
Mixed Convection in a Liquid-Saturated Porous Medium

An experimental and numerical investigation of mixed convection phenomena about a finite-length, vertical, cylindrical heat source in a unfiorm, liquid-saturated, porous medium was conducted. Bouyancy-induced upflow about the heat source was systematically altered by the superposition of vertical, pressure-driven flows which opposed the bouyancy-induced fluid motion. The evolution of the mixed convection velocity and thermal fields with increasing magnitude of the imposed-flow Peclet number are reported. The ratio of the natural convection Rayleigh number Ra to the imposed-flow Peclet Number Pa is shown to be the nondimensional parameter that characterizes the relative influence of buoyancy-induced to pressure-driven fluid motion. Using total disappearance of buoyancy-induced upflow as the criterion, the transition from mixed to forced convection, for opposing flows, is numerically predicted to occur for )vertreverse arrowbar) Ra/Pe )vertreverse arrowbar)approx. =1/2, independent of the heat source length or power input.
MEMORIALIZING ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB: PATTERNS OF GRIEF AND ATTACHMENT IN ADULT DAUGHTERS OF DECEASED MOTHERS

The World Wide Web is emerging as the new site for mourners. Many bereaved persons are creating memorial Web sites for deceased loved ones, providing text-based representations of what they have lost with frequent reference to the nature of their grief. The primary purpose of this study was to measure elements of attachment style and grief as shown by the adult daughters who had placed memorials on the Internet for their deceased mothers. Participants self-selected and were solicited and completed a questionnaire online. In addition, the 24 available Web sites were content coded for textual themes and presentational styles. Fifty-nine memorial authors responded to measures of attachment style, grief, and characteristics of the memorial they created. Results revealed a lower frequency of secure attachment styles than would be expected and higher levels of grief. Prominent among the themes expressed in these memorials were missing the deceased, narratives and letters to the deceased, comments about the deceased watching over the bereft, and other references to the self. Although smaller numbers precluded statistical analyses, several evocative attachment style differences in the use of these themes were suggested. These findings contribute to the understanding of the complex relationship between adult daughters and their deceased mothers and the potential role of attachment in the ways in which such relationships are characterized and memorialized.
Late Cenozoic Crustal Movements in the Sierra Nevada of California

The geometry of the late Cenozoic uplift of the Sierra Nevada is determined from the record of Tertiary river channels and volcanic rocks and from gross physiography of the range. This geometry is described by means of a structure contour map. Fossil mammals, some spore-pollen data, physical stratigraphy, K-A dates, and physiography indicate that the last major uplift began during Pliocene time and that the eastern escarpment developed subsequently by downfaulting of the area to the east. The simple geometry of movements over a large area in the Sierra Nevada, contrasted with the complex pattern of movements to the east and west during the same interval, seems likely to be a direct expression of processes that have produced crustal material during the rise of the Sierra.
Helicopter Pilot Misperception and Confidence During Overland Navigation

This paper aims to provide insights into human perception, navigation performance and confidence in helicopter overland navigation. Helicopter overland navigation is a challenging mission area because it is a complex cognitive task, and failing to recognize when the aircraft is off-course can lead to operational failures and mishaps. A human-in-the-loop experiment to investigate pilot misperception during simulated overland navigation by analyzing actual navigation trajectory, pilots’ perceived location, and corresponding confidence levels was designed. Fifteen military officers with prior overland navigation experience completed four simulated low-level navigation routes, two of which entailed auto-navigation. Analysis shows that there is no correlation between perceived and actual location of the aircraft, nor between confidence level and actual location. There is however some evidence that there is a negative correlation between perceived location and intended route of flight, suggesting that there is a bias towards that intended flight route. If aviation personnel can proactively identify the circumstances in which usual misperception occur in navigation, they may reduce mission failure and mishap rate. Fleet squadrons and instructional commands can benefit from this study to improve operations that require low-level flight while also improving crew resource management.
Adopting eXtreme programming on a graduate student project

This paper discusses a pedagogical process that addresses the problem of how to facilitate learning of a relatively new development methodology that has a limited base of practitioners to draw from and perhaps no faculty with direct experience. This problem is not new to computer science faculty. Change in the field is constant and practitioners must be learning, continually.
Tax1BP1 Interacts with Papillomavirus E2 and Regulates E2-Dependent Transcription and Stability

The papillomavirus E2 proteins regulate viral replication, gene transcription, and genome maintenance by interacting with other viral and host proteins. From a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified the cellular protein Tax1BP1 as a novel binding partner of human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) E2. Tax1BP1 also interacts with the HPV16 and bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) E2 proteins, with the C-terminal region of Tax1BP1 interacting with the N-terminal transactivation domain of BPV1 E2. Tax1BP1 complexes with p300 and acts synergistically as a coactivator with p300 to enhance E2-dependent transcription. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we show that Tax1BP1 and E2 localize to the long control region on the BPV1 genome. Tax1BP1 was recently reported to bind ubiquitin and to function as an essential component of an A20 ubiquitin-editing complex. We demonstrate that Tax1BP1 plays a role in the regulation of the steady-state level of E2 by preventing its proteasomal degradation. These studies provide new insights into the regulation of E2 functions.
The Hartmann Boundary Questionnaire: Two Studies Examining Personality Correlates and Interpersonal Behavior:

These studies investigated the relationship between the Boundary Questionnaire (BQ) [1] and measures of object relations (e.g., insecure attachment), interpersonal dependency, trait affect, and interpersonal behavior among undergraduate students. Study 1 (N = 300) examined the association between the BQ and four dimensions of object relations and two dimensions of interpersonal dependency, revealing predicted correlations with thin boundaries. Subsequent stepwise multiple regression revealed that insecure attachment was singly predictive of thinner boundary score. Study 2 (N = 75) was designed as a replication and extension, assessing the same dimensions along with measures of trait affect. Results revealed that thinness was related to trait anxiety, insecure attachment, and interpersonal dependency, respectively. Subjects also participated in a semi-structured interview assessing three dimensions of interpersonal behavior, demonstrating an association between thinner boundary score and interviewer-rated ...
Biomechanical Comparison of Rising from Two Types of Chairs

This study compared the joint moments and ranges of motion of healthy subjects and patients during rising from a standard chair with a seat height of 0.43 m and a specially designed chair (E-Z Up Artherapedic Chair) with a seat height of 0.64 m. Ten healthy male subjects and four male patients with lower extremity disabilities rose from each chair with and without the use of their upper extremities. Hip, knee, and ankle joint moments and angles were calculated with film analysis and force plate data. An analysis of variance with repeated measures showed the following results for the healthy subjects: 1) no effect of upper extremity use on joint angles, 2) no effect of chair type on ankle joint angles or moments, 3) significantly smaller hip and knee flexion angles with use of the E-Z chair than of the standard chair (p less than .05), and 4) significantly smaller hip and knee extension moments with use of the E-Z chair than of the standard chair (p less than .05) or with use of the upper extremities. Similar results were found with the four disabled subjects. Use of the E-Z chair can significantly decrease the joint moments and ranges of motion needed at the hip and knee and thus make rising from a chair less stressful to these joints.
Is lipid lowering therapy an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism? A population-based case–control study

Introduction The independent effect of lipid lowering therapy (LLT) on venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk is uncertain.
Child development and pediatric sport and recreational injuries by age.

Context: In 2010, 8.6 million children were treated for unintentional injuries in American emergency departments. Child engagement in sports and recreation offers many health benefits but also exposure to injury risks. In this analysis, we consider possible developmental risk factors in a review of age, sex, and incidence of 39 sport and recreational injuries. Objective: To assess (1) how the incidence of 39 sport and recreational injuries changed through each year of child and adolescent development, ages 1 to 18 years, and (2) sex differences. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Emergency department visits across the United States, as reported in the 2001–2008 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database. Patients or Other Participants: Data represent population-wide emergency department visits in the United States. Main Outcome Measure(s): Pediatric sport- and recreation-related injuries requiring treatment in hospital emergency departments. Results: Almost 37 pediatric sport or...
MtDNA sequencing from zooplankton after long-term preservation in buffered formalin

Abstract Molecular genetic analysis of zooplankton has been slowed by the usual practice of preservation and storage of samples in dilute formalin solutions, which are not always adequately buffered for pH. We report here the determination of DNA sequences for Meganyctiphanes norvegica (Crustacea, Euphausiacea) preserved and stored in buffered formalin for up to 25 years. Specifically designed molecular protocols for DNA extraction and PCR amplification yielded valid sequence data for short (∼100–200 bp) regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (mtCYB) gene for individual euphausiids. Critical aspects of our approach include: extended extraction and proteinase-K digestion to maximize DNA yield; use of protocols requiring short DNA fragments; design of species-specific PCR primers to minimize risks of contamination by exogenous DNA; and comparison with published DNA sequences for the same gene and species. We conclude that the yield of DNA and the success of subsequent molecular analyses depend primarily on the length of time the tissue has been exposed to formalin and the pH of the solution. Zooplankton samples intended for molecular analysis should preferably be preserved and maintained in ethanol or deep-frozen, but long-term storage in buffered formalin does not preclude some types of molecular genetic analysis.
Passion and Action

We observed that the passivity of our sensuous awareness was not pure passivity, but that some degree of mental activity was also involved. Similarly, the passivity of the body in registering the effects of external causes is not pure passivity and involves some degree of bodily activity. Not only secondary qualities among our ideas express the nature of our own body as much as, or more than, that of the external bodies which cause those changes in our own of which the ideas are sensations. We also and concomitantly experience emotions which are similarly ideas of the results of interactions between our own and other bodies.
A case for the need of using scaffolding methods in teaching introductory, fundamental engineering mechanics classes

In the past ten years, engineering classrooms have seen an exponential growth in the use of technology, more than during any other previous decade. Unprecedented advancements, such as the advent of innovative gadgets and fundamental instructional alterations in engineering classrooms, have introduced changes in both teaching and learning. Student learning in introductory, fundamental engineering mechanics (IFEM) courses, such as statics of engineering, mechanics of materials, dynamics, and mechanics of fluids, as in any other class, is influenced by the experiences students go through in the classroom. Thus, bold new methodologies that connect science to life using student-centered approaches and scaffolding pedagogies need to be emphasized more in the learning process. This study is aimed to gain insight into the role of student-centered teaching, particularly the implementation of scaffolding pedagogies into IFEM courses. This study also attempts to contribute to the current national conversation in engineering education of the need to change its landscape—from passive learning to active learning. Demographic characteristics in this study included a total of 3,592 students, of whom 3,160 (88.0%) are males and 432 (12.0%) are females, over a period of six years, from 2007 to 2013. The students’ majors included aerospace engineering, agricultural engineering, civil engineering, construction engineering, industrial engineering, materials engineering, and mechanical engineering. Results of the study, as tested using a general linear univariate model analysis, indicated that overwhelmingly the type of class in statics of engineering is a significant predictor of student “downstream” performance in tests measuring their knowledge of mechanics of materials. There is a statistically significant difference in students’ performance in mechanics of materials depending on whether they were taught passively using the teacher-centered pedagogy or taught actively using the student-centered pedagogy in statics of engineering. Mechanics of materials is commonly the next immediate course, or a downstream course, following statics of engineering.
Quantitative oxygen measurements in OMPVE Al x Ga 1- x as grown by methyl precursors

Oxygen has always been considered to be a major contaminant in the organo-metallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) of Al x Ga1−x As. Oxygen incorporation has been invoked as a contributor to low luminescence efficiency, dopant compensation and degradation of surface morphology among other deleterious effects. This study presents quantitative measurements of oxygen concentration in nominally high purity Al x Ga1−x As. The oxygen concentration was measured as a function of alloy composition, growth temperature, andV/III ratio. Quantitative secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements were used to determine the oxygen content as well as the carbon concentration in the film. The oxygen concentration increases with decreased growth temperature and V/III ratio while increasing superlinearly with Al content in the epitaxial layer.
COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS OF POROUS CERAMICS ON SPACE-DRUMS™

Combustion synthesis, or self-propagat ing high temperature synthesis (SHS), is currently being used to produce a wide range of advanced porous materials. These materials include ceramic, intermetallic and metal-matrix composites for applications ranging from structural to oxidationand wear-resistant materials; e.g., TiC-SiC, TiC-Cr3C2, MoSi2-SiC, NiAl-TiB2, engineered porous composites for biomedical uses; e.g., B4C-A12O3, Ti-TiBx, Ni-Ti, Ca3(PO4)2, and glass-ceramic composites; e.g., TiB2-B2O3-Al2O3MgO, TiB2-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-BaO. Based on recent experiments on combustion synthesis of such materials in the NASA parabolic flight (KC-135) aircraft, it has been shown that gravity plays an important role in controlling the structure and properties of the materials. Using Space-DRUMS™, a containerless processing facility employing dynamic acoustic sample positioning aboard the International Space Station, long-term studies of a much wider range of materials and conditions will be possible. Space-DRUMS™ is being developed by Guigne Technologies, Ltd., in partnership with Astrium Space-Infrastructure and Teledyne-Brown. In this paper, an overview of the CCACS research on combustion synthesis of porous ceramics and experiments planned for ISS in Space-DRUMS™ will be presented, along with the most recent results of the ground-based studies.
Augmenting standardized training of clinical resident physicians to accelerate growth of medical specialists

To expound the significance and essentiality of the standardized training of resident physicians,this paper summarizes the recent 10 years result and experience of the standardized training of resident physicians in our hospital, analyzes the existing contradictions and problems and puts forward the methods and measures to resolve them.Strengthening the standardized training of resident physicians is helpful for the acceleration of medical specialists' cultivation and growth.It is also significant extraordinarily for promoting the quality of clinical medical staff and technical level of hospital medicine.
A case of multiple myeloma mimics: extensive bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma without liver mass.

![Figure][1] An 80-year-old man with back pain, a rib fracture, and multiple bone lytic lesions was diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) by bone marrow (BM) biopsy and transferred to our hospital. The BM aspirate showed many clusters of atypical cells resembling immature neoplastic plasma
Three-axis sun sensor for attitude determination

The field of attitude determination sensors is mature. The different sensor technologies have been known for decades, and existing product lines are available for all types of sensors. Table 1 shows existing attitude determination sensor technologies [1], [2].
Dimensional Approaches to Diagnosis and the Problem of Anxiety and Depression

For any field of scientific investigation to advance, a consensually agreed upon way to classify the phenomena of interest is required. In the United States, the prevailing way to classify the problems that bring people to mental health professionals is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 3rd edition, revised (DSM-III-R, American Psychiatric Association, 1987). The DSM-III-R is primarily a categorical system, although it has dimensional components (e.g., the Axis V ratings of level of adaptive functioning). In a categorical nosology, sets of criteria are used to determine which diagnostic category best fits a person’s presenting problems. Categorical nosologies assume discontinuity and qualitative differences between categories.
The Element of Surprise: Why Caution Is Needed in the Arctic Ocean

Changes in the environment may take us by surprise, but uncertainty about the future offers no excuse not to plan and to act responsibly. In the Arctic, especially, the dangers of failing to plan c...
Free-Standing, Flexible, Superomniphobic Films

Fabrication of most superomniphobic surfaces requires complex process conditions or specialized and expensive equipment or skilled personnel. In order to circumvent these issues and make them end-user-friendly, we developed the free-standing, flexible, superomniphobic films. These films can be stored and delivered to the end-users, who can readily attach them to virtually any surface (even irregular shapes) and impart superomniphobicity. The hierarchical structure, the re-entrant texture, and the low solid surface energy render our films superomniphobic for a wide variety of liquids. We demonstrate that our free-standing, flexible, superomniphobic films have applications in enhanced chemical resistance and enhanced weight bearing.
Guided imagery and immune system function in normal subjects: A summary of research findings

Since ancient times, guided imagery has been reported to have effects on bodily processes (Achterberg, 1985; McMahon, 1976), especially on the person’s capacity to overcome disease and infection. In modern times, there have been clinical confirmations that this relationship applies to all bodily systems, including the immune system (Achterberg, Lawlis, Simonton, & Simonton, 1977; Achterberg & Lawlis, 1981; Siegal, 1986; 1988; Borysenko, 1987). Thus, Achterberg (1984, p. 2) has noted that: virtually all the diseases that remain mysterious with regard to cause or cure involve the immune system... cancer, persistent viral, bacterial and yeast infections, genital herpes, mononucleosis and even acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are one category, ...along with the autoimmune disorders...which represent conditions when the immune system fails to recognize self from non-self and attacks specific tissue, such as in lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile onset diabetes...a final group of disorders is the allergic reactions or cases when the immune system acts with excessive vengeance toward substances which are normally not harmful (such as is seen in environmental or chemical sensitivity reactions).
Abstract 2391: Microglia-stimulated glioblastoma cell invasion is dependent on the EGFR ligand amphiregulin

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest human cancers with a median survival rate of only one year following diagnosis. The highly infiltrative nature of GBM is one of the main reasons this cancer is so difficult to completely remove surgically. Therefore increasing our knowledge of the mechanism GBM cells use to invade normal brain is of critical importance in designing novel therapies. We recently showed that tumor associated microglia stimulate GBM cell invasion and this process is mediated by CSF-1R signaling. In this study, we seek to identify factors that are upregulated in microglia in a CSF-1R-dependent manner and ascertain whether they are involved in mediating invasion of GBM cells. We assayed cDNA and protein from microglia treated with conditioned media from the murine GBM cell line GL261, and discovered that the EGFR ligand amphiregulin (AREG) is strongly upregulated. This upregulation is blocked by addition of a pharmacological CSF-1R inhibitor. Using RNA interference, we show that microglia depleted of AREG can not promote invasion of GL261 cells into matrigel-coated invasion chambers as effectively. In addition, an AREG blocking antibody strongly attenuates the ability of THP1 macrophages to activate human GBM cell line U87 invasion. Furthermore, we have identified a signaling pathway which involves CSF-1R signaling through MAPK ERK to upregulate AREG expression in microglia and interfering with ERK using pharmacological inhibitors also prevents microglia-stimulated GL261 invasion. Interestingly, microglia that have been activated by GBM cells appear to require cell-cell contact in order to promote invasion. This data highlights AREG as a key factor in produced by tumor associated microglia in promoting glioblastoma invasion. Citation Format: Bhavika Desai, Uttama Rath, Jeffrey E. Segall, Salvatore J. Coniglio. Microglia-stimulated glioblastoma cell invasion is dependent on the EGFR ligand amphiregulin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2391. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2391
SATB1 Expression Governs Epigenetic Repression of PD-1 in Tumor-Reactive T Cells.

Despite the importance of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in inhibiting T cell effector activity, the mechanisms regulating its expression remain poorly defined. We found that the chromatin organizer special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1 (Satb1) restrains PD-1 expression induced upon T cell activation by recruiting a nucleosome remodeling deacetylase (NuRD) complex to Pdcd1 regulatory regions. Satb1 deficienct T cells exhibited a 40-fold increase in PD-1 expression. Tumor-derived transforming growth factor β (Tgf-β) decreased Satb1 expression through binding of Smad proteins to the Satb1 promoter. Smad proteins also competed with the Satb1-NuRD complex for binding to Pdcd1 enhancers, releasing Pdcd1 expression from Satb1-mediated repression, Satb1-deficient tumor-reactive T cells lost effector activity more rapidly than wild-type lymphocytes at tumor beds expressing PD-1 ligand (CD274), and these differences were abrogated by sustained CD274 blockade. Our findings suggest that Satb1 functions to prevent premature T cell exhaustion by regulating Pdcd1 expression upon T cell activation. Dysregulation of this pathway in tumor-infiltrating T cells results in diminished anti-tumor immunity.
Nickel Complexes of C-Substituted Cyclams and Their Activity for CO2 and H+ Reduction.

Several nickel(II) complexes of cyclams bearing aryl groups on the carbon backbone were prepared and evaluated for their propensity to catalyze the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO and/or H+ to H2, representing the first catalytic analysis to be performed on an aryl–cyclam metal complex. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed the attenuation of catalytic activity when the aryl group bears the strong electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl substituent, whereas the phenyl, p-tolyl, and aryl-free derivatives displayed a range of catalytic activities. The gaseous-product distribution for the active complexes was determined by means of controlled-potential electrolysis (CPE) and revealed that the phenyl derivative is the most active as well as the most selective for CO2 reduction over proton reduction. Stark differences in the activity of the complexes studied are rationalized through comparison of their X-ray structures, absorption spectra, and CPE profiles. Further CV studies on the phenyl derivative were under...
The growth and assembly of organic molecules and inorganic 2D materials on graphene for van der Waals heterostructures

Abstract The unique properties of graphene have made it a promising material for integration in future electronic applications. The idealized surface of graphene, atomically-flat and without dangling bonds, offers the opportunity to understand the assembly of organic and inorganic molecules to form a wide range of ordered architectures and functional graphene-based heterostructures. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the growth of hierarchical nanostructures on graphene. The self-assembly of organic molecules and inorganic two-dimensional (2D) layers on graphene for the construction of various types of heterostructures are highlighted. Van der Waals interactions between the assembled molecules and graphene are shown to allow the formation of highly-ordered structures with preferred molecular orientations and stacking configurations that circumvent the strict lattice-matching requirements in traditional epitaxial growth. Finally, we briefly discuss representative applications of graphene-based heterostructures in electronic and optoelectronics.
Tissue expansion to reposition the displaced frontal hairline in craniofacial deformity

Anomalies such as cranio-frontonasal dysplasia and midline clefts can often be associated with a low or raised hairline. There may also be a central "widow's peak" deformity. After correction of the skeletal deformity this soft tissue problem is addressed to produce a better end result. In order to move the hairline tissue expansion of the forehead has been used. Once the forehead expansion is achieved, the hairline can be moved backwards or forwards. A series of three cases is presented.
María Izquierdo: arte puro y mexicanidad

Este ensayo provee una vision general de la obra de la pintora mexicana Maria Izquierdo (1902-1955) y ubica sus imagenes e ideas dentro de los debates sobre el rol del arte en la sociedad mexicana entre 1930 y 1950. En la primera decada de su carrera ella estaba tangencialmente afiliada al grupo vanguardista literario conocido como los Contemporaneos, que abogaba por el arte puro. Despues de 1939, cambio los temas y el estilo de su obra y enfatizo la mexicanidad, acercandose a algunas de las ideas -aunque no a todas- propugnadas por los muralistas y otros artistas que compartieron su agenda. A traves de su carrera, Izquierdo creo obras que abordaron cuestiones de genero y promovieron una presencia positiva de las mujeres. Las representaciones de las protagonistas femeninas de Izquierdo contrastan con las de los muralistas, quienes generalmente las presentaron en papeles secundarios.
Direct Evidence of Topological Defects in Electron Waves through Nanoscale Localized Magnetic Charge

Topological concepts play an important role in, and provide unique insights into, many physical phenomena. In particular topological defects have become an active area of research due to their relevance to diverse systems including condensed matter and the early universe. These defects arise in systems during phase transitions or symmetry-breaking operations that lead to a specific configuration of the order parameter that is stable against external perturbations. In this work, we experimentally show that excitations or defects carrying magnetic charge in artificial spin ices introduce a topological defect in incident coherent electron waves. This results in the formation of a localized electron vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum that is directly correlated with the magnetic charge. This work provides unique insight into the interaction of electrons with magnetically charged excitations and the effect on their topology thereby opening new possibilities to explore exotic scattering and quantum e...
Diagnosis and Management of the Infected Shoulder Arthroplasty

Infection after shoulder arthroplasty, while representing less than 5% of all complications, can be devastating for the patient. The most common presenting complaint is pain independent of activity, and the diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion by the treating surgeon. The most common bacteria isolated are Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and coagulase negative Staphylococcus, which due to their indolent nature produce a blunted host response. In an otherwise healthy patient, there is data to support either one- or two-stage revision surgery including culture-specific antibiotics. In cases where salvage is required, resection arthroplasty can offer pain relief with limited functional goals.
$$ H\to b\overline{b}j $$ at next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy

We present the calculation of the decay $$ H\to b\overline{b}j $$ at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy in QCD. We treat the bottom quarks as massless with a non-zero Higgs Yukawa coupling yb. We consider contributions in which the Higgs boson couples directly to bottom quarks, i.e. our predictions are accurate to order $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^3{y}_b^2\right) $$ . We calculate the various components needed to construct the NNLO contribution, including an independent calculation of the two-loop amplitudes. We compare our results for the two-loop amplitudes to an existing calculation finding agreement. We present additional checks on our two-loop expression using the known infrared factorization properties as the emitted gluon becomes soft or collinear. We use our results to construct a Monte Carlo implementation of $$ H\to b\overline{b}j $$ and present jet rates and differential distributions in the Higgs rest frame using the Durham jet algorithm.