cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Local and general temperature reduction in malignancy

Abstract 1. 1. Fourteen patients with inoperable and far advanced cancers were subjected to local and general hypothermia. The lowest general temperature obtained was 77.6 degrees F. 2. 2. The periods of general hypothermia varied from thirty-six and one-half hours to 120 hours. Periods of local temperature reduction ranged from 236 hours to 792 hours. 3. 3. Twelve individuals were submitted to hibernation. One death occurred during hibernation, apparently because of cerebral edema superimposed on meningeal metastases. Eight deaths occurred three months to seven and one-half months following hibernation. Three patients are living three and one-half, four and one-half and eight months following hibernation. Two patients received only local cold; one lived one month; one lived nine months. 4. 4. All patients complaining of pain were relieved in whole or in part following hypothermia, either local or general.
Longitudinal analysis of a large corpus of cyber threat descriptions

Online cyber threat descriptions are rich, but little research has attempted to systematically analyze these descriptions. In this paper, we process and analyze two of Symantec’s online threat description corpora. The Anti-Virus (AV) corpus contains descriptions of more than 12,400 threats detected by Symantec’s AV, and the Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) corpus contains descriptions of more than 2,700 attacks detected by Symantec’s IPS. In our analysis, we quantify the over time evolution of threat severity and type in the corpora. We also assess the amount of time Symantec takes to release signatures for newly discovered threats. Our analysis indicates that a very small minority of threats in the AV corpus are high-severity, whereas the majority of attacks in the IPS corpus are high-severity. Moreover, we find that the prevalence of different threat types such as worms and viruses in the corpora varies considerably over time. Finally, we find that Symantec prioritizes releasing signatures for fast propagating threats.
The fine structure of the mature gametes of haemoproteus columbae kruse.

SYNOPSIS. The filiform microgamete of Haemoproteus columbae consists of an elongate double-walled nucleus paralleled by 2 axonemes embedded in a homogeneous matrix. At one end of the gamete, the axonemes are sharply flexed back on themselves, but no conventional kinetosome has been recognized. No mitochondria have been seen. Single-walled vesicles occur in the matrix, and the entire gamete is surrounded by a single membrane. The large round macrogamete has a conspicuous central nucleus with its outer membrane drawn out into anastomosing evaginations which extend to the periphery of the cell. A moderately electron dense material fills the space between the 2 nuclear membranes and the lumina of the evaginations. Nucleolar material may occur in scattered masses within the nucleus. One or 2 axonemes appear to arise endogenously next to the nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm is filled with ribosomes and perhaps glycogen granules. Typical protozoan mitochondria and vesicles containing pigment retained from the erythrocytic stage are found in the peripheral cytoplasm. Accumulations of dense-walled vesicles occur in the cytoplasm in conjunction with evaginations of the nuclear membrane. Amid these vesicles triple-ringed discs resembling the cytostomes of merozoites are frequently seen. Several distinct layers of dense material surround the micro-gamete.
Phospholipid turnover in hamster and chick embryo fibroblasts.

Abstract The stability of the glycerol backbone of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine was measured in growing and non-growing hamster and chick embryo fibroblasts. Major differences were found for the rates of degradation of the individual glycerophospholipids in both hamster and chick embryo fibroblasts: considerable degradation of phosphatidyl choline was detected over a 24 h period while at the same time no degradation of the glycerol backbone of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine was observed. The patterns of stability of these glycerophospholipids were similar in growing and non-growing cells.
THE DURAL TAIL SIGN IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MENINGIOMAS

In humans the dural tail is a sign seen on contrast enhanced T1 weighted magnetic resonance images. This finding is considered specific for meningioma. The purpose of this study was to determine how often the dural tail occurs in cats and dogs and whether it is a specific sign for meningiomas in these species. MR examinations for eighteen dogs and four cats with proven diagnoses were reviewed. Diagnoses included ten meningiomas (seven dogs and three cats), three gliomas, two pituitary tumors, single examples of two other tumor types and five patients with mass lesions due to inflammatory disease. Contrast enhanced T1 weighted images were evaluated independently by three of the authors for the presence of a dural tail, without knowledge of the diagnoses. The results were compared to the diagnosis for each patient and the performance of individual reviewers compared. When their results were averaged, the reviewers reported the presence of a dural tail in 6 of 10 (60%) meningiomas, although detection varied between observers from 40% to 80%. Each reviewer had one false positive result, two reported a dural tail with a chromophobe adenocarcinoma and one with a toxoplasma meningoencephalitis. When a dural tail is seen an associated mass is most likely a meningioma. It is uncertain whether the dural tail represents neoplastic infiltration beyond the margins of the meningioma. This should be considered when planning treatment.
Language Differences as a Barrier to Quality and Safety in Health Care: The Joint Commission Perspective

Effective communication with patients is critical to the safety and quality of care. Barriers to this communication include differences in language, cultural differences, and low health literacy. Evidence-based practices that reduce these barriers must be integrated into, rather than just added to, health care work processes.
Guest binding and orientation within open nanoscale hosts.

The synthesis of three different nanoscale molecular hosts is reported. These cavitands each possess a highly preorganized cavity with an open portal (nearly 1 nm wide), by which guests can enter and egress the cavity. Additionally, these hosts are deep-functionalized with a crown of weakly acidic benzal CH groups which can form a variety of noncovalent interactions with guest molecules residing within the cavity. Thirty-one guests were examined for their propensity to form complexes with the hosts. Guests that possess halogen atoms were the strongest binders, suggesting the formation of polydentate CH⋅⋅⋅XR hydrogen bonds with the deep crown of benzal hydrogens. Exchange rates between the free and bound states were noted to be dependent on the size of the guest and the solvent used to study complexation. In general, stronger binding and slower exchange were noted for complexations carried out in DMSO with highly complementary guests. The orientation of each guest within the cavity was determined using either EXSY NMR spectroscopy or 1H NMR shift data. Cumulatively these results showed that the principal factors directing orientation were interactions with the benzal groups and the type of solvent. Van't Hoff analyses of selected complexations were also carried out. As well as revealing that all complexations were entropically unfavorable, these experiments provided support for guest orientation determinations, and gave an estimation that the formation of a CH⋅⋅⋅IR hydrogen bond releases between 1 and 1.5 kcal mol−1.
Oscillation in Pest Population and Its Management: A Mathematical Study

We study the role of predation dynamics in oscillation of pest population in insect ecology. A two-dimensional pest control model (under the use of insecticides) with time delay in predation is considered in this paper. By the Hopf bifurcation theory, we prove the existence of the stable oscillation of the system. We also consider the economic viability of the control process. First we improve the Pontryagin maximum principle (PMP) where the delay in the system is sufficiently small and control function is linear, and then we apply the improved version of PMP to perform the optimal analysis of the pest control model as a special case.
O' Surgery Case Log Data, Where Art Thou?

Background The American College of Surgeons (ACS) Case Log represents a data system that satisfies the American Board of Surgery (ABS) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program, yet has broad data fields for surgical subspecialties. Using the ACS Case Log, we have developed a method of data capture, categorization, and reporting of acute care surgery fellows' experiences. Study Design In July 2010, our acute care surgery fellowship required our fellows to log their clinical experiences into the ACS Case Log. Cases were entered similar to billable documentation rules. Keywords were entered that specified institutional services and/or resuscitation types. These data were exported in comma separated value format, deidentified, structured by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes relevant to acute care surgery, and substratified by fellow and/or fellow year. Results Fifteen report types were created consisting of operative experience by service, procedure by major category (cardiothoracic, vascular, solid organ, abdominal wall, hollow viscus, and soft tissue), total resuscitations, ultrasound, airway, ICU services, basic neurosurgery, and basic orthopaedics. Results are viewable via a secure Web application, accessible nationally, and exportable to many formats. Conclusions Using the ACS Case Log satisfies the ABS MOC program requirements and provides a method for monitoring and reporting acute care surgery fellow experiences. This system is flexible to accommodate the needs of surgical subspecialties and their training programs. As documentation requirements expand, efficient clinical documentation is a must for the busy surgeon. Although, our data entry and processing method has the immediate capacity for acute care surgery fellowships nationwide, multiple larger decisions regarding national case log systems should be encouraged.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) And Its Impact On Medical Imaging

AbstractNot since the advent of x -ray transmission computed tomography a decade ago has an innovation ir medicalimaging generated as much interest as that currently directed to nuclear magnetic resonance. This technique, long a standby in chemistry and physics laboratories, promises to provide images of reasonable spatial resolu-tion and exquisite contrast sensitivity. In addition, quantitative analysis of specific elements in selectedregions of tissue may be possible. In developing a strategy for the acquisition of nuclear magnetic resonance,cost factors must be considered together with a realistic appraisal of a clinical facility as primarily a re-search or clinical unit.IntroductionSince the 1940's, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used in physics and chemistry to analyze thestructure of complex chemical configurations such as organic and biochemical molecules. The importance of thisanalytical tool was emphasized in 1952 when Bloch and Purcell were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for thedevelopment of NMR (1,2). More recently, NMR has been used to study the biochemistry of living tissues.
Influence of a naturally occurring competing enzymic activity on studies of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity.

Abstract An enzymic activity which competes with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase for d -hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA has been found in isolated rat liver microsomes and in microsomal extracts. The presence of this activity in enzyme preparations causes a decrease in the rate of mevalonate formation leading to an underestimation of reductaae activity and an overestimation of the apparent K m of the reductase. The product formed by this competing enzymic activity behaves similarly to, but not identically with, mevalonolactone when chromatographed on Bio-Rad AG l-x8 formate, which is used in many reductase assay procedures to separate mevalonolactone from hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA. Removal of this competing enzymic activity from reductase preparations can be accomplished by gel filtration using Bio-Gel A 1.5m, by washing the microsomes or by incubating the microsomal extract at 37°C. Using enzyme preparations free of this competing enzymic activity, the apparent K m values of the reductase for d -hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA and NADPH were found to be 1.3 and 26 μM respectively.
An R package and a study of methods for computing empirical likelihood

Empirical likelihood (EL) is an important nonparametric statistical methodology. We develop a package in R called el.convex to implement EL for inference about a multivariate mean. This package contains five functions which use different optimization algorithms but meanwhile seek the same goal. These functions are based on the theory of convex optimization; they are Newton, Davidon–Fletcher–Powell, Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno, conjugate gradient method, and damped Newton, respectively. We also compare them with the function el.test in the existing R package emplik, and discuss their relative advantages and disadvantages.
Description of the Female of Capnia arapahoe (Plecoptera: Capniidae)

ABSTRACT: The previously unknown female of the rare Arapahoe Snowfly, Capnia arapahoe, is described and illustrated for the first time from two specimens collected from the Front Range of Colorado. The female terminalia is unique among sympatric species of Capnia and is compared to similar species.
Orthogonal Classification of Alpha-Particle Wave Functions

A four-nucleon wave function has four parts: spin ($S$), isospin ($T$), angular-momentum ($L$), and internal ($I$), combined into a totally antisymmetric function. The nonrelativistic $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle ground state is described by 32 independent internal functions. Cohen, using an overcomplete set of 34 internal functions, has previously classified the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle ground state into three $^{1}S_{0}$, eight $^{3}P_{0}$, and six $^{5}D_{0}$ states, not all mutually orthogonal (or even independent). With the help of the concept of $S$ independence, the present paper describes a grouping of the 32 independent internal functions into an orthogonal and complete set of three $^{1}S_{0}$, six $^{3}P_{0}$, and five $^{5}D_{0}$ states.
Introduction: Women Inventing the 1950s

Returning to the United States after sixteen years abroad, photographer Eve Arnold—best known for her iconic photographs of Marilyn Monroe—was amazed by the changes wrought in the visual landscape ...
Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Dietary Supplement Interactions with Medication

The potential for interaction between dietary supplements and medications has been reported to range from as low as 21% to as high as 46% in recent studies evaluating concomitant use. Despite a high rate of dietary supplement interactions with medications, it may be as few as 29% that have clinical significance, and these can be attributed to a small number of dietary supplements that account for 68% of all interactions identified in one report. Familiarity with this information is important to geriatric care givers and providers, because of the increasing prevalence of dietary supplement use with age and disposable income. In a survey of older adults on the United States–Mexico border, authors reported that 38.5% were taking 5 or more medications, and 16.2% of these were taking 2 or more dietary supplements. Among the older adults taking medications and dietary supplements, 49% were at risk of a drug–drug interaction and 31.5% were at risk of a dietary supplement–drug interaction. Usage of dietary supplements was evaluated in a cross-sectional sample of assisted living residents, aged 84.8 years with an average of 10 years of education, from 2 facilities in Washington and Oregon. On average, residents used 3.4 dietary supplements. The potential for misuse was identified in 51%, duplication between supplements or with medications was identified in 70% of residents and potential drug–disease–dietary supplement interaction was present in 21%. Forty percent of these residents turned to nurses or physicians for information regarding dietary supplements, just behind family and friends (49%). In the Mayo Clinic outpatient population of 1795 adults averaging 55 years of age, there were 107 dietary supplement–drug interactions of potential clinical significance identified in 710
Physical activity, body mass index, and diabetes risk in men: a prospective study.

Abstract Objective Physical activity has been associated with lower diabetes risk, but several prospective studies among women found that activity only slightly attenuated the diabetes risk associated with high body mass index (BMI). We investigated the independent and joint associations between vigorous activity and BMI on diabetes risk in men. Methods This was a prospective cohort design within the Physicians' Health Study, using Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident diabetes in 20,757 men without diabetes at baseline. Models were based on self-reported BMI and exercise frequency at baseline, first separately and then with a 6-category joint variable combining World Health Organization BMI category (normal/overweight/obese) with activity status (active/inactive) using weekly vigorous activity as the threshold. Results After a median follow-up of 23.1 years, there were 1836 cases of incident diabetes. Compared with active participants with normal BMIs, active but overweight and obese men had multivariable-adjusted HRs of 2.39 (95% CI, 2.11-2.71) and 6.22 (95% CI, 5.12-7.56). Inactive men with normal, overweight, or obese BMIs had multivariable-adjusted HRs of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.19-1.67), 3.14 (95% CI, 2.73-3.62), and 6.57 (95% CI, 5.25-8.21). Conclusion Active men with normal and overweight BMIs had lower diabetes hazards than their inactive counterparts, but no difference by weekly activity was seen in obese men. Elevated BMI is a key driver of diabetes risk, with relatively modest attenuation by activity.
The Effects of an Iodine Surface Layer on Ru Reactivity in Air and during Cu Electrodeposition

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low energy electron diffraction, and cyclic voltammetry have been used to study the adsorption of iodine on the Ru(0001), air, and water exposure to both clean and iodine covered Ru(0001) surfaces and the stability of the iodine adlayer during Cu overpotential electrodeposition. A Ru(0001)-(√3 X √3)R30°-1 structure was observed after I 2 vapor exposure of the Ru(0001) surface at room temperature. The Ru(0001)-(√3 X √3)R30°-I structure was found to be stable toward ambient air and water exposure. The I ad-layer passivates the Ru(0001) surface against significant hydroxide, chemisorbed oxygen, or oxide formation during exposure to air. Immersion of I-Ru(0001) results in greater hydroxide and chemisorbed oxygen formation than air exposure. A saturation coverage of I on a Ru(poly) electrode similarly passivated the Ru surface against oxidation upon exposure to water vapor over an electrochemical cell in an ultrahigh vacuum electrochemistry transfer system. Studies with combined electrochemical and XPS techniques show that iodine surface adlayer remained on top of the surface after cycles of overpotential electrodeposition/dissolution of copper on Ru(0001). These results indicate the potential bifunctionality of the iodine layer to both passivate the Ru surface in the microelectronic processing and to act as a surfactant for copper electrodeposition.
In situ microviscoelastic measurements by polarization-interferometric monitoring of indentation depth.

A new type of computer-controlled instrument has been developed to measure microviscoelastic properties of thin materials. It can independently control and measure indentation loads and depths in situ revealing information about material creep and relaxation. Sample and indenter positions are measured with a specially designed polarization interferometer. Indenter loadings can be varied between 0.5 and 10 g and held constant to ±41 mg. The resulting indentation depths can be measured in situ to ±1.2 nm. The load required to maintain constant indentation depths from 0.1 to 5.0 μm can be measured in situ to ±3.3 mg and the depth held constant to ±15 nm.
Carboxyl Groups in Wood Fibers. 1. Determination of Carboxyl Groups by Headspace Gas Chromatography

The phase reaction conversion (PRC) headspace gas chromatographic (HSGC) technique was employed to develop a method for the determination of the content of carboxyl groups in wood fibers. Treatment of the wood fibers using hydrochloric acid was applied to convert carboxyl groups to carboxyl acids. Bicarbonate solution was then used to react with carboxyl acids on the treated fibers in the headspace of a testing vial to form carbon dioxide that was analyzed by a thermal conductivity detector using gas chromatography. The conversion reaction was conducted at 60 °C for about 10 min to achieve near complete conversion. The contribution to the GC detector signal from carbon dioxide formed by residual hydrochloric acid on wood fibers can be accounted for by the known experimental parameters. The effect of carbon dioxide in the headspace of the testing vial air was calibrated or can be eliminated by purging the testing vial using nitrogen before conducting experiment. The measured contents of carboxyl groups in ...
Interactive search result clustering: a study of user behavior and retrieval effectiveness

Scatter/Gather is a document browsing and information retrieval method based on document clustering. It is designed to facilitate user articulation of information needs through iterative clustering and interactive browsing. This paper reports on a study that investigated the effectiveness of Scatter/Gather browsing for information retrieval. We conducted a within-subject user study of 24 college students to investigate the utility of a Scatter/Gather system, to examine its strengths and weaknesses, and to receive feedback from users on the system. Results show that the clustering-based Scatter/Gather method was more difficult to use than the classic information retrieval systems in terms of user perception. However, clustering helped the subjects accomplish the tasks more efficiently. Scatter/Gather clustering was particularly useful in helping users finish tasks that they were less familiar with and allowed them to search with fewer words. Scatter/Gather tended to be more useful when it was more difficult for the user to do query specification for an information need. Topic familiarity and specificity had significant influences on user perceived retrieval effectiveness. The influences appeared to be greater with the Scatter/Gather system compared to a classic search system. Topic familiarity also had significant influences on query formulation.
Pulsus paradoxus and Kussmaul's sign in acute pulmonary embolism.

Angiographically proved pulmonary embolic disease was associated with abnormal venous or arterial pressure responses, or both, to inspiration in three patients. The abnormal responses were evident clinically as paradoxical inspiratory filling of the cervical veins (Kussmaul's sign) or an exaggerated decrease in systemic blood pressure during inspiration (pulsus paradoxus). The hemodynamic abnormalities documented at the time of cardiac catheterization occurred in the setting of multiple acute pulmonary emboli, pulmonary hypertension and underlying cardiac disease. Pulmonary embolism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulsus paradoxus and Kussmaul's sign.
Racquetball. A game with preventable injuries

One hundred fifty-seven racquetball injuries were identified. Eighty-two involved the face, but ocular injuries were probably underrepresented as a result of patient triage protocols. Facial trauma occurred more frequently among novice players. Only 9.9% of the players wore protective facial equipment and 23.1% had taken lessons before being injured. We propose that injuries could be reduced with proper player education, including the wearing of protective facial equipment. A modification in the design of conventional facial equipment is suggested to further reduce injury. Language: en
Weed, Yes! Discard, No! There May Be a Collection in That Trash!

In the course of a weeding project at a small community college library, librarians discovered an unusual nineteenth century literary collection consisting of many obscure titles written by people of color, women and ethnic minorities. Though the materials were not rare, they constituted an interesting and valuable set of materials. These materials had never circulated and would remain underutilized given the mission of a community college. The community college librarians working together determined that while the collection did not belong in their library, the collection would be appropriate in an institution with upper level undergraduates, or even better with a graduate student population doing original research. A description of the collection consisting both of a list of the materials and an overview was created. The collection was then offered on a first come, first serve basis on a local consortium listserv. Another academic library, this at a university with a graduate school, requested the colle...
Matthew Arnold and Minimal Competence

(1978). Matthew Arnold and Minimal Competence. The Educational Forum: Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 139-144.
Ceftobiprole- and Ceftaroline-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The role of mecA mutations in conferring resistance to ceftobiprole and ceftaroline, cephalosporins with anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity, was determined with MRSA strains COL and SF8300. The SF8300 ceftaroline-passaged mutant carried a single mecA mutation, E447K (E-to-K change at position 447), and expressed low-level resistance. This mutation in COL conferred high-level resistance to ceftobiprole but only low-level resistance to ceftaroline. The COL ceftaroline-passaged mutant, which expressed high-level resistance to ceftobiprole and ceftaroline, had mutations in pbp2, pbp4, and gdpP but not mecA.
American support for Israel: History, sources, limits

(1996). American support for Israel: History, sources, limits. Israel Affairs: Vol. 2, U.S.—Israeli Relations of the Crossroads, pp. 128-146.
Shining the Light on Aurora-A Kinase as a Drug Target in Pancreatic Cancer

Commentary on: [Sangeeta Rojanala, Haiyong Han, Ruben M. Munoz, Walden Browne, Raymond Nagle, Daniel D. Von Hoff, and David J. Bearss. The mitotic serine threonine kinase, Aurora-2, is a potential target for drug development in human pancreatic cancer . Mol Cancer Ther 2004;3:451–57.][1] We
Variable ordering for binary decision diagrams

Considers the problem of variable ordering in binary decision diagrams (BDD's). The authors present several heuristics for finding a good variable ordering based on the algebraic structure of the functions. They provide a non-interleaving theorem and an accurate cost formula for the optimal ordering. They treat the output ordering problem when a given circuit has multiple outputs and propose new heuristics for the problem and experimental results which enables a quick comparison of some existing heuristics and the proposed heuristics. >
Will we cure cancer by sequencing thousands of genomes

The promise to understand cancer and develop efficacious therapies by sequencing thousands of cancers has not occurred. Mutations in specific genes termed oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are extremely heterogeneous amongst the same type of cancer as well as between cancers. They provide little selective advantage to the cancer and in functional tests have yet to be shown to be sufficient for transformation. Here I discuss the karyotyptic theory of cancer and ask if it is time for a new approach to understanding and ultimately treating cancer.
Multiscale image registration using scale trace correlation

This paper presents a method for registering images at different magnifications (scales) by treating the problem not only as one of scaling the image coordinates but also as one inherently involving multiresolution information. While some existing methods for multiresolution registration do consider the way the resolution (scale) affects the image, they often consider the image one scale at a time, using geometric properties within that scale. Others use multiscale information, usually to produce more robust results, but only to register same-magnification images (e.g., stereo). A scale trace is the set of values that a single pixel takes on as magnification decreases and the effective point specifications corresponding increases. As such, scale traces capture information across multiple scales. This paper presents a method that uses correlation of scale traces through multiresolution images to find correspondences between images of the same scene at differing magnifications. Because the method relies solely on the multiscale properties of the images themselves and not on spatial correspondence, it is less sensitive to discrete sampling of potential scale factors. Sample results demonstrate that the method is able to accurately identify both the relative position and relative magnification (scale) of the two images.
Finding farms: comparing indicators of farming dependence and agricultural importance in the United States.

Many scholars have commented on the changing significance of farming for understanding the dynamics of social and economic change in contemporary rural America. Quantitative analyses of relationships between farming, local socioeconomic conditions, demographic trends, and policy have often relied on an indicator of ''farm-dependent'' (FD) counties developed by the USDA Economic Research Service. In this article, we argue that measures of economic dependency imperfectly identify the places in the United States where farming is significant, and can paint an incomplete picture of the contemporary geographic distribution and structure of agriculture in the United States. We propose an alternative categorical indicator—agricultural importance (AI)—that provides a better direct measure of the relative size and intensity of farming across diverse U.S. counties. We compare the characteristics of FD and AI counties along a set of dimensions and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each typology.
Lyapunov Measure for Almost Everywhere Stability

This paper is concerned with the analysis and computational methods for verifying global stability of an attractor set of a nonlinear dynamical system. Based upon a stochastic representation of deterministic dynamics, a Lyapunov measure is proposed for these purposes. This measure is shown to be a stochastic counterpart of stability (transience) just as an invariant measure is a counterpart of the attractor (recurrence). It is a dual of the Lyapunov function and is useful for the study of more general (weaker and set-wise) notions of stability. In addition to the theoretical framework, constructive methods for computing approximations to the Lyapunov measures are presented. These methods are based upon set-oriented numerical approaches. Several equivalent descriptions, including a series formula and a system of linear inequalities, are provided for computational purposes. These descriptions allow one to carry over the intuition from the linear case with stable equilibrium to nonlinear systems with globally stable attractor sets. Finally, in certain cases, the exact relationship between Lyapunov functions and Lyapunov measures is also given.
The relationship between childhood trauma and borderline personality symptomatology in a consecutive sample of cardiac stress test patients.

AbstractObjective. In this study, we examined relationships between five types of childhood trauma and two measures of borderline personality symptomatology in a non-psychiatric clinical population in order to assess a potential association between these variables in a non-psychiatric-treatment-seeking population. Method. Using a cross-sectional sample and a survey approach in 250 consecutive patients presenting for cardiac stress testing, we explored self-reported histories of five types of childhood trauma (i.e. witnessing violence, physical neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse), several aspects of past mental healthcare, and borderline personality symptomatology using two self-report measures (the borderline personality disorder scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 and the Self-Harm Inventory). Results. All relationships between the individual forms of trauma and total number of childhood traumas, and measures of borderline personality symptomatology, attained statistic...
Marketing veterinary services

Marketing is a holistic process that goes far beyond a Yellow Page advertisement or a glossy brochure. A thorough evaluation of a market before entry, including best and worst case scenarios, is critical to mak-ing good investments. Veterinarians are fortunate to have a market that is largely protected by barriers to entry and characterized by reasonably high rates of return given minimal risk. Our market base continues to expand and, overall, remains fairly price insensitive. The extent to which a practice can align its capabilities with a product mix that ideally meets its clients' needs will ultimately determine its success.
Design of Cryogenic SiGe Low-Noise Amplifiers

This paper describes a method for designing cryogenic silicon-germanium (SiGe) transistor low-noise amplifiers and reports record microwave noise temperature, i.e., 2 K, measured at the module connector interface with a 50-Omega generator. A theory for the relevant noise sources in the transistor is derived from first principles to give the minimum possible noise temperature and optimum generator impedance in terms of dc measured current gain and transconductance. These measured dc quantities are then reported for an IBM SiGe BiCMOS-8HP transistor at temperatures from 295 to 15 K. The measured and modeled noise and gain for both a single-and two-transistor cascode amplifier in the 0.2-3-GHz range are then presented. The noise model is then combined with the transistor equivalent-circuit elements in a circuit simulator and the noise in the frequency range up to 20 GHz is compared with that of a typical InP HEMT.
Adults with sickle cell disease may perform cognitive tests as well as controls when processing speed is taken into account: a preliminary case–control study

Aims This study aimed to: (1) evaluate cognitive function among adults with sickle cell disease using a computer-administered neuropsychological test; and (2) replicate previously identified differences in processing speed between patients with sickle cell disease and controls. Background Previous evidence suggests that, compared with controls, adult patients with sickle cell disease have poorer cognitive functioning across most domains but the most significant deficits appear to be in the area of processing speed. Design Cross-sectional case–control study conducted from June 2008–June 2010. Methods Cognitive functioning was measured using computerized, self-administered, neuropsychological tests among 31 patients with sickle cell disease and 17 controls matched for age, gender and race. The assessment averaged 30 minutes and scores were recorded for seven computerized tests: verbal and visual memory, finger tapping, symbol digit coding, Stroop test, shifting attention and continuous performance. Results Patients with sickle cell disease scored 10·76 points lower on the CNS Vital Signs processing speed domain than controls. Although non-significant, patients scored 5·73 points lower on the full index than controls but after adjusting for processing speed, mean scores for patients were 3 points greater compared with controls. Differences in executive functioning and attention were not significant and memory did not differ between groups. Conclusion Using a brief, computer-administered 30-minute neuropsychological test, we were able to replicate previous findings showing a greater than 10-point deficit in processing speed among patients with sickle cell disease. When differences in processing speed are taken into account, patients perform equally well or better than controls on cognitive tasks.
Underestimation of Trout Population Size by Maximum-Likelihood Removal Estimates in Small Streams

Abstract We conducted four-pass electrofishing in seven sections of five small Colorado mountain streams to estimate the frequency that two- and three-pass removal estimates underestimated trout abundance, Results for 23 four-pass removal estimates suggest that underestimation by two- and three-pass estimates occurred more than 50% of the time, and this underestimation was most often related to decreasing capture probabilities but was not related to the amount of deep or complex habitat in the streams. Monte Carlo simulations indicated that removal estimates with high capture probabilities and a greater number of capture occasions show the least bias under conditions of decreasing capture probability. When at least three passes are completed, a chi-square test can be used to detect decreasing capture probability, but the power of this test is low below a population size of 200. We therefore recommend that biologists perform at least three passes when using the removal method.
Chaos in photorefractive four-wave mixing with a single grating and a single interaction region

We show that the standard model of four-wave mixing in a photorefractive crystal predicts the appearance of deterministic chaos. In this model there is a single (transmission) grating and no external or internal (intracavity) feedback. The intensity of the phase-conjugate wave is found to exhibit a period-doubling route to chaos on variation of the intensity of the probe beam and the linear absorption coefficient. The crucial elements in obtaining chaotic behavior are operation above the threshold for self-oscillation and the presence of an external electric field, which causes a shift in the optical frequency of the phase-conjugate wave.
In pursuit of social betterment: A proposal to evaluate the Da Vinci Learning Model

Rigorous information on the implementation and effectiveness of the Da Vinci Model would be produced by the evaluation proposed in this chapter.
The Monthly Egg Record of Birds which Die During the First Laying year

Abstract I. INTRODUCTION This paper presents the results of an investigation of the monthly egg production of the first laying year of the domestic fowl, considered for the purpose of determining whether birds which die at some time during the period differ in the egg record of periods antecedent to their death from birds which survive throughout the entire year. The relationship between the rate of ovulation and mortality in the domestic fowl is of considerable interest in its relation to the special problems of the physiology of reproduction, as well as in its bearing on certain problems of general biology. Egg production makes such demands upon the metabolic processes of the individual that excessive laying might reasonably be assumed to have some influence upon duration of life. On the other hand it seems equally probable that various factors to which morbidity may be due might tend both to curtail the . . .
Two-group approach to the kinetics of particle cluster aggregation

Abstract We present a numerical scheme for the treatment of particle agglomeration phenomena. The method is based on separating clusters into two groups according to size: small clusters containing up to x ∗ particles and larger clusters with more than x ∗ particles. In the first group, a set of equations describes the evolution of individual clusters; moment equations are derived for the second group. These two sets of coupled equations are solved numerically for, and giving good agreement with, a case where an exact solution is available. In a second step, the full distribution function is reconstructed from its moments. Here we use a nonlinear method based on the maximum entropy principle. The superiority of this method over a Gram-Charlier expansion is demonstrated for an example taken from the condensation of atomic clusters on a surface.
Forest-landscape structure along an urban-to-rural gradient

Human activities and forest-landscape structure are examined along a belt transect that extends 140 km from New York City to northwestern Connecticut. The study quantifies urban structures (population density, land use. transportation) and processes (population growth, urban land development) in the transect, and tests for relationships with the distribution, sizes, and shapes of forests. Our results identify distinct characteristics of urban and suburban environments based on the landscape structure of native forest vegetation. These findings are applicable to the management of natural areas along a gradient of urbanization.
VISCOSITY and SURFACE TENSION of CORN OIL AT FRYING TEMPERATURES

Surface active properties and viscosity changes of corn oil were determined under controlled frying conditions. Viscosity of corn oil was measured at a temperature range of 100-200C. Surface-active properties of thermally degraded corn oil were determined by measuring the stationary contact angle (θ) of oil droplets placed on a low energy surface (polystyrene). The viscosity of oil decreased as temperature increased. At 200C, the kinematic viscosity had decreased 69% when compared with its initial value of 7.50 mm 2 /s at 100C. Oil was degraded by frying 400 g of potatoes for 5 min each hour for 36 h (low load frying). The experiment was repeated with 1200g of potatoes (high load frying). The viscosity of the oil increased 9.4% and 28.6% for low and high load fryings, respectively. The surface tension of the oil and its degradation time were inversely proportional (at high load frying) lowering the surface tension of the oil by 2.0%. A high correlation (r 2 = 0.90) between the viscosity and surface tension of oil was obtained.
Measuring the Storm: Methods of Quantifying Hurricane Exposure with Pregnancy Outcomes

AbstractIncreasing coastal populations and storm intensity may lead to more adverse health effects from tropical storms and hurricanes. Exposure during pregnancy can influence birth outcomes through mechanisms related to healthcare, infrastructure disruption, stress, nutrition, and injury. However, accurate estimation of health effects may be limited by nonspecific exposure definitions that create potential misclassification. The two predominant hurricane exposure assignments are (1) the county of a FEMA presidential disaster declaration; and (2) the specified area within a storm track. The authors propose a third method: meteorological severity of wind speed. Based on the Saffir-Simpson categories, wind speed was examined through binary and quartile comparisons. All three methods of exposure classification were compared by examining the associations with county-level preterm birth and low-birth-weight rates among Florida women who were pregnant during the 2004 hurricane season. The county-level environme...
Teaching effectiveness analysis plan applied to lectures in medical physiology

To improve and thus strengthen its teaching program, the Department of Physiology at the University of South Alabama voluntarily embarked on a multiphasic self-assessment of its medical teaching program. One phase of the greater assessment plan included an analysis of the teaching methods of each faculty member. To design and implement this phase, the services of a teaching consultant from the College of Education were obtained. The implementation of the objectives as established by the consultant resulted in 1) the development of a systematic and consistent method of evaluating the teaching practices of the faculty through the design of a standard observation instrument for use in analyzing the teaching of each individual; 2) the sampling of the teaching of each of the seven participating faculty members; 3) the collection and critical review of teaching materials used; 4) an analysis of the effectiveness of the faculty; and 5) the submission of a written report of evaluation results. The seven participating faculty members were observed during the delivery of two lectures each presented to the freshman medical class. Based on the analysis of both the lectures and materials used, a written critique of each faculty member was submitted. Lecture strengths and weaknesses, both of individual members and of the whole department were summarized. Finally, the results of a survey taken of the faculty in which the participants were asked to respond to a series of questions regarding the self-assessment program were most favorably accepted by all participating faculty.
Reply to F. Dayyani et al

DOI: 10.1200/JOP.2015.009316; published online ahead of print at jop.ascopubs.org on February 2, 2016. Reply to F. Dayyani et al To the Editor:We thank Dayyani et al for their interest in our recent study evaluating serum tumor marker use in patients with advanced solid tumors. We agree that in certain clinical scenarios, serum tumor markers may be useful tools to monitor patients with metastatic disease. Our findings, however, suggest that there is uncertainty regarding the frequency of use and their role in clinical decisionmaking. It is also important to note that no prospective data havedemonstrated improvedoutcomeswith earlier detection of disease progression through biomarker assessment. We agree that future studies are warranted to evaluate the role of serum tumor–markermonitoring in patients with reliable tumor markers with stable or decreasing values as a strategy to defer more costly radiographic imaging studies. Melissa K. Accordino Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Innovations in Sustainability: Consensus capitalism: Whole Foods and Walmart

John Mackey, charismatic founder and long-time CEO of Whole Foods, referred to the business model that he followed as conscious capitalism. First and foremost this model meant that Whole Foods pursued a higher purpose than just maximizing the wealth of its shareholders. However, a better description of the kind of capitalism in which both Whole Foods and Walmart were engaged might be called consensus capitalism. All companies in the second decade of the twenty-first century had to profitably grow to please their shareholders and at the same time had to pursue a sustainability agenda that could convince external stakeholders of their rectitude. The capitalism that both Whole Foods and Walmart practiced had converged, a convergence that signified that the major challenges that the two firms confronted were not entirely different. Whole Foods had to increase the size of its market while it continued to enhance its image as a company that was, to use Mackey's words, heroically trying to change the world. Walmart, as well, despite its immense size, had to meet shareholder expectations to grow and be profitable while at the same time it had to improve its reputation for corporate social responsibility, if not as heroically as Whole Foods, then by means of practical steps that had meaning for its workers, the environment, and communities. No matter how much these companies had achieved they still had far to go on their journeys toward sustainability. They had to become more sustainable while also meeting the expectations of their shareholders. The dilemma they faced was how to deal with the challenge of achieving this broad agenda. What should their plan of action be? What should they do next?