cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE DROSOPHILA SALIVARY GLAND CHROMOCENTER CONTAINS HIGHLY POLYTENIZED SUBDOMAINS OF MITOTIC HETEROCHROMATIN

Peri-centromeric regions of Drosophila melanogaster chromosomes appear heterochromatic in mitotic cells and become greatly underrepresented in giant polytene chromosomes, where they aggregate into a central mass called the chromocenter. We used P elements inserted at sites dispersed throughout much of the mitotic heterochromatin to analyze the fate of 31 individual sites during polytenization. Analysis of DNA sequences flanking many of these elements revealed that middle repetitive or unique sequence DNAs frequently are interspersed with satellite DNAs in mitotic heterochromatin. All nine Y chromosome sites tested were underrepresented > 20-fold on Southern blots of polytene DNA and were rarely or never detected by in situ hybridization to salivary gland chromosomes. In contrast, nine tested insertions in autosomal centromeric heterochromatin were represented fully in salivary gland DNA, despite the fact that at least six were located proximal to known blocks of satellite DNA. The inserted sequences formed diverse, site-specific morphologies in the chromocenter of salivary gland chromosomes, suggesting that domains dispersed at multiple sites in the centromeric heterochromatin of mitotic chromosomes contribute to polytene beta-heterochromatin. We suggest that regions containing heterochromatic genes are organized into dispersed chromatin configurations that are important for their function in vivo.
Studies on Oxygen Transfer in Submerged Fermentations:Part III. A Comparative Study of the Sulfite and the Biological Systems in Relation to their Behavior to Oxygen

Using gas analysis method, comparative studies were made between sulfite solutions and the biological systems in relation to their behavior to oxygen. It was found that sulfite oxidation method did not always give a maximum rate of oxygen transfer that could take place into the growing cell suspensions. Sulfite solution was different from the biological systems in some respects especially in KLa values, and these differences might be due to the variation of the sizes of air bubbles. For a measure of a eration effectiveness, oxygen transfer rate in biological systems seemed to be preferable.
The 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Epidemic

AJR:194, February 2010 influenza-related complications and cannot be vaccinated. Vaccination of those in close contact with infants younger than 6 months old might help protect infants by “cocooning” them from the virus. • Health care and emergency medical services personnel, because infections among health care workers have been reported, and these individuals can be a potential source of infection for vulnerable patients. Increased absenteeism in this population, those with the highest incidence of exposure, can reduce the health care system capacity. • All infants, children, and young adults who are 6 months–24 years old: children 6 months–18 years old, because cases of 2009 H1N1 influenza have been seen in children who are in close contact with each other in school and daycare settings, increasing the likelihood of disease spread; and young adults 19–24 years old, because many cases of 2009 H1N1 influenza have been seen in healthy young adults who live, work, and study in close proximity. • Persons 25–64 years old with health conditions associated with a higher risk of medical complications from influenza. Once the demand for the H1N1 vaccine for the prioritized groups has been met, vaccinations should begin for everyone between 25 and 64 years old. Currently, the risk for infection among persons 65 years old or older is less than the risk for younger age groups. U.S. health officials have reported the country’s overall vaccine supply should reach 28 million doses by the end of October after previously projecting 40,000,000– 50,000,000 by mid October [2]. The vaccine shortfall relates to difficulties of producers of the vaccine to increase the pace of output of H1N1 flu vaccine production. In the meantime, H1N1 influenza is widespread in 46 states and has resulted in the hospitalization of more than 5,000 persons, resultThe 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Epidemic
Geologic and societal factors affecting the international oceanic transport of aggregate

Crushed stone and sand and gravel are the two main sources of natural aggregate, and together comprise approximately half the volume and tonnage of mined material in the United States. Natural aggregate is a bulky, heavy material without special or unique properties, and it is commonly used near its source of production to minimize haulage cost. However, remoteness is no longer an absolute disqualifier for the production of aggregate. Today interstate aggregate routinely is shipped hundreds of kilometers by rail and barge. In addition, during 1992, the United States imported 1,317,000 metric tons of aggregate from Canada and 1,531,000 metric tons from Mexico. A number of ports on the Atlantic Coast and Gulf Coast of the United States receive imports of crushed stone from foreign sources for transport to various parts of the eastern United States. These areas either lack adequate supplies of aggregate or are augmenting their supplies because they have difficulties meeting current demand. These difficulties may include poor stone quality, environmental permitting problems, or transportation.
Severity of illness measures for pediatric emergency care: are we there yet?

Comparing outcomes of care in different settings, when there may be important underlying differences in patients, is like comparing apples and oranges, or elephants and walnuts.1 Thus, adjustment for underlying differences in risk, or severity of illness, is a crucial consideration in outcomes evaluations.2 Severity is an inherent characteristic of an illness, which reflects the natural history, that is, the prognosis in the absence of intervention.3 As such, it is closely related to the concept of urgency, or the need for care; patients with a higher level of severity require greater levels of care, and require care more urgently. Both are indications of the patient’s physiologic state, without regard to treatment available or rendered. There is no one standard definition of risk. How one defines risk and develops and selects tools for risk adjustment must take into consideration the purpose for which it is to be used. Severity is not generally directly measurable, because patients are not usually observed without intervention. In the absence of a criterion standard, severity must be inferred from a related measure. In one commonly used method, which may be termed an “outcome-based” approach, severity is related to the likelihood of an observable outcome such as mortality,4-7 risk of organ system failure,8 or disability.9 The underlying assumption is that the observed outcomes are reflective of patient severity, even though the outcome is also influenced by the care received.10 P E D I A T R I C S / E D I T O R I A L
Black Americans, Gains in Science and Engineering Degrees, and Gender

This article is divided into three parts. First, it presents the most recent data on Black Americans’ higher education enrollment and degree attainment rates, and overall numbers of earned college degrees at all levels. Second, the article presents data on the most recent enrollment rates and total numbers of science and engineering degrees earned by Black Americans. Finally, the article presents a number of factors that have contributed to the gains in earned science and engineering degrees by Black Americans, and also factors that have contributed to their slow rate of progress in these academic fields.
The effect of filler particle size and orientation on the impact fracture toughness of a highly filled plasticized polymeric material

The effect of particle size and orientation on the inherent fracture toughness of a filled plasticized polymeric material has been determined by application of linear elastic fracture mechanics. Testing was caried out in a three-point bend mode under impact conditions. The material was a triple base gun propellant consisting of a matrix of nitrocellulose plasticized with nitroglycerine and filled with particles of nitroguanidine (NQ). The crystalline NQ was used in the “as-received” form of needles and in a “ground” state. The material containing as-received NQ consistently had a higher fracture toughness than the material with ground NQ, and the toughness was a maximum when the fillers were aligned perpendicularly to the fracture surface. The impact fracture toughness was found to be virtually independent of strain rate over the range from 3 to 90 sec−1.
Statistics at a Distance: Technological Tools, Learning, and Design Features for Today's Modern Course

The purpose of this article is to present a theoretical framework of learning and to develop a pedagogical (TTRACE) model that might be useful to teachers teaching statistics online or at a distanc...
Nanostructure of room temperature deposited TiB2 on Si(001) by pulsed laser ablation

Abstract Ultrathin discontinuous films from a stoichiometric target of TiB2 have been deposited on Si(001) at room temperature via pulsed laser ablation. The resulting film morphology and nanostructure was studied using transmission electron microscopy. The typical results were that the films consisted of two distinct morphologies: areas of polycrystalline nanoparticles with the hexagonal TiB2 structure and smaller areas with epitaxial grains. The resulting epitaxial phase was verified to be cubic with a lattice parameter of 3.83 A and aligned with TiBx(001) // Si(001), with x ∼ 2. We suggest that the cubic phase forms because of minimization of energy as a consequence of the excellent epitaxial matching of the film phase to Si(001).
Chloroplast-malic dehydrogenase: A new malic dehydrogenase isozyme from spinach

Abstract Malic dehydrogenase (MDH) isozymes are well known in plant tissues. Observations on the intracellular localization of dehydrogenase ( Price and Thimann, 1954 ) has prompted detailed studies of malic dehydrogenase isozymes. Because malic dehydrogenase activity has been reported in the chloroplasts of higher plants (Pierpoint, 1963), we hypothesized that chloroplasts would have a unique malic dehydrogenase protein. Schweiger, Master, and Werz (1967) reported that the main two MDH isozymes in Acetabularia mediterranea were associated with chloroplasts. In this report, evidence is presented for a new malic dehydrogenase isozyme which we have designated as chloroplast-malic dehydrogenase.
Soil quality evaluation under different land management practices

Sustainable agricultural production requires prudent management backed by reliable information that accurately elucidates the complex relationships between land management practices and soil quality trends. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of management on soil properties acquired at different depths, and yields, at five different field sites within Ohio, USA. The principal management systems considered were no till with or without manure and cover crops, natural vegetation (NV) or forest, and conventional tillage (CT) defined as farms with surface residue cover (<30 %). Analyses of variance (ANOVA), correlation analyses, stepwise regression, and the principal component analyses (PCA) were used to elucidate and model the link between four different management practices and the soil physical and chemical properties. The ANOVA results indicate that the available water capacity and electrical conductivity (EC) were the major variables affected by management. In contrast, soil pH, bulk density (ρ b), porosity, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total nitrogen (TN), were invariable with management, yet only pH and EC did not significantly vary with the interaction of soil type and management effects. In comparison, the PCA results suggest that SOC, TN, porosity, ρ b, and EC were the major determining factors controlling yield variability. Interestingly, the derived models revealed that the highest yields, notably 10 and 2.7 Mg ha−1 for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) occurred in soils under CT management. Quantifying the nexus between soil properties and management choices as demonstrated in this study, can provide critical insight for sustainable agricultural production.
The zero-phase Stefan problem

Abstract The classical one-phase Stefan problem is presented in dimensionless form with a time-varying heat-power flux boundary condition. The formulating parameters are the Stefan number, Ste, and a generalized form of the Biot number, Bi. The asymptotic solution for Bi → 0 of the governing equations is of an isothermal phase change material domain, simplifying the model into a moving boundary zero-phase type problem. Exact solutions to the zero-phase model can be found for finite domains in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates in one dimension with sign-switching boundary conditions in terms of moving boundary location, or, conversely, melting times. The model can be thought of as an analytical approximation for cases having small but finite Biot numbers. A more general expression that takes the geometry as a parameter is presented.
Precision targeting of liver lesions using a novel electromagnetic navigation device in physiologic phantom and swine

Radiofrequency ablation of primary and metastatic livertumors is becoming a potential alternative to surgical resection. We propose a novel system that uses real-time electromagnetic position sensing of the needle tip to help with precision guidance into a livertumor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this technology in phantom and animal models. Using an electromagnetic navigation device, instrumented 18 g needles were advanced into radioopaque tumor targets in a respiratory liver phantom. The phantom featured a moving liver target that simulated cranio-caudal liver motion due to respiration. Skin-to-target path planning and real-time needle guidance were provided by a custom-designed software interface based on pre-operative 1 mm CT data slices. Needle probes were advanced using only the electromagnetic navigation device and software display. No conventional real-time imaging was used to assist in advancing the needle to the target. Two experienced operators (interventional radiologists) and two inexperienced ones (residents) used the system. The same protocol was then also used in two anesthetized 45 kg Yorkshire swine where radioopaque agar nodules were injected into the liver to serve as targets. A total of 76 tumor targeting attempts were performed in the liver phantom, and 32 attempts were done in the swine. The average time for path planning was 30 s in the phantom, and 63 s in the swine. The median time for the actual needle puncture to reach the desired target was 33 s in the phantom, and 42 s in the swine. The average registration error between the CT coordinate system and electromagnetic coordinate system was 1.4 mm (SD 0.3 mm ) in the phantom, and 1.9 mm (SD 0.4 mm ) in the swine. The median distance from the final needle tip position to the center of the tumor was 6.4 mm (SD 3.3 mm , n = 76 ) in the phantom, and 8.3 mm (SD 3.7 mm , n = 32 ) in the swine. There was no statistical difference in the planning time, procedure time, or accuracy of needle placement between experienced and inexperienced operators. The novel electromagnetic navigation system allows probe delivery into hepatic tumors of a physiologic phantom and live anesthetized swine. The system allows less experienced operators to perform equally well as experienced radiologists in terms of procedure time and accuracy of needle probe delivery.
Precise extracellular marking in the auditory nerve with high impedance micropipettes

Abstract A procedure is described which permitted for the first time accurate marking of the recording sites of primary auditory nerve fibers, peripheral to their entrance into the brainstem. The technique, which involves a modification of the fast green FCF dye marking procedure, does not interfere with the recording quality of the high-impedance micropipettes, requires no special histology, permits routine production of 5–15 μm diameter marks at extracellular recording sites, and employs a dye known to be noncytotoxic.
ROSETTA: Robust And Secure Mobile Target Tracking In A Wireless Ad Hoc Environment

In this paper, we study the problem of accurate tracking of a mobile target by a central authority, using distance estimates obtained by a group of untrusted anchors within the communication range of the target. We show how to perform accurate localization of the target in the presence of some compromised and colluding malicious anchors that lie about the position of the target. We also show how to identify most of these malicious anchors. In the case where measurements are error-free, we derive an upper bound (B) on the number of malicious anchors that may be involved in localizing the target while still not being able to undermine its accurate localization. We propose a scheme to correctly localize the target when the number of malicious anchors within its range is no more than B. It also identifies all the malicious anchors. In the presence of positive measurement errors, we propose a scheme based on convex optimization that can localize the target despite the presence of an arbitrary number of malicious anchors in its range. When the number of malicious anchors are no more than B, our scheme localizes the target with an error less than 1m and is also able to identify more than 80% of the malicious anchors. Both our schemes are simple and easy to implement.
Linear IgA dermatosis: Association with malignancy

We report the association of linear IgA dermatosis with hematologic malignancy (chronic lymphatic leukemia and plasmacytoma) in two patients. Ten documented cases of linear IgA dermatosis and internal malignancy have been reported in the literature. The possible association of malignancy and linear IgA dermatosis is discussed.
Influence of Different Intravenous Lipid Emulsions on Hepatobiliary Dysfunction in a Rabbit Model

Objectives: Long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in children is often complicated by the development of cholestasis, liver fibrosis, and liver failure. High doses of intravenous lipids may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of 2 newly developed lipid emulsions could reduce liver damage. Materials and Methods: Three groups of prepubescent rabbits received TPN including a lipid emulsion either based on soybean oil, olive oil, or soybean oil with n-3 fatty acids added. Enterally fed animals served as controls. After 21 d the animals were killed. Serum samples were obtained at the beginning and end of the study period. Specimens were processed for histological evaluation using a specific score to assess the severity of liver damage. Results: Biochemical parameters did not predict the extent of liver damage. Hydropic degeneration as an indicator of toxic liver injury was the predominant histological alteration regardless of the type of lipids infused. The extent of fibrosis did not significantly differ among treatment groups except for animals infused with n-3 fatty acids exhibiting increased fibrotic transformation as compared with controls. Conclusion: In our animal model, the use of a lipid emulsion with a reduced amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids was not superior to a lipid emulsion based on soybean oil. Long-term application of n-3 fatty acids was associated with more extensive fibrosis. Therefore, intravenous n-3 fatty acids containing lipid preparations (fish oil) should not be used in patients for long-term TPN.
Mutual drag of 2D and 3D electron gases in heterostructures

Abstract The GaAs AlGaAs semiconductor insulator semiconductor (SIS) structure used for high-performance field effect transistors has also been used in the study of parallel coupled transport between electrons in the FET n+ gate (3D) and channel (2D). At temperatures above 50K the predominant coupling involves momentum transfer via Coulomb Mutual Scattering (CMS). At lower temperatures the sign of the coupling reverses and the results may be explained as a CMS mediated thermo-electric effect. The coupling is much stronger for a 2D - 2D EG configuration, where a maximum current to current transfer ratio of 6 × 10−4 was obtained. Theory developed for this case predicts a temperature dependence of μ1μ2T where μ1 and μ2 are the mobilities in the gate and channel respectively, and an inverse fifth power thickness dependence.
Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network, January 1995 through December 1996. NICHD Neonatal Research Network.

Objectives. To determine the mortality and morbidity for infants weighing 401 to 1500 g (very low birth weight [VLBW]) at birth by gestational age, birth weight, and gender. Study Design. Perinatal data were collected prospectively on an inborn cohort from January 1995 through December 1996 by 14 participating centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network and were compared with the corresponding data from previous reports. Sociodemographic factors, perinatal events, and the neonatal course to 120 days of life, discharge, or death were evaluated. Results. Eighty four percent of 4438 infants weighing 501 to 1500 g at birth survived until discharge to home or to a long-term care facility (compared with 80% in 1991 and 74% in 1988). Survival to discharge was 54% for infants 501 to 750 g at birth, 86% for those 751 to 1000 g, 94% for those 1001 to 1250 g, and 97% for those 1251 to 1500g. The incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD; defined as receiving supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks9 postmenstrual age; 23%), proven necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; 7%), and severe intracranial hemorrhage (ICH; grade III or IV; 11%) remained unchanged between 1991 and 1996. Furthermore, 97% of all VLBW infants and 99% of infants weighing Mortality for 195 infants weighing 401 to 500 g was 89%, with nearly all survivors developing CLD. Mortality in infants weighing 501 to 600 g was 71%; among survivors, 62% had CLD, 35% had severe ICH, and 15% had proven NEC. Conclusions. Survival for infants between 501 and 1500 g at birth continued to improve, particularly for infants weighing
Theories of Democratic Civil-Military Relations:

This article reviews civil-military relations theory applied to mature democratic states. It assumes that the important theoretical problem is how to maintain a military that sustains and protects democratic values, showing how the classic and still influential theories of Huntington and Janowitz were rooted, respectively, in liberal and civic republican theories of democracy and, as a result, neither adequately solved this problem. The article then uses current research to pose new questions about the relations between military and political elites, the relations of civilians to the military and the state, and the multinational use of force. Based on the review, it concludes that a new theory of civil-military relations-one that accounts for the circumstances mature democracies presently face and tells how militaries can sustain as they protect democratic values cannot be derived from either liberal or civic republican models of democracy, as Huntington and Janowitz tried to do, but might be derived from...
Control of Infectious Synovitis 1. Continuous Feeding of Antibiotics and the Influence of Diethylstilbestrol and Coccidiostats

Abstract INFECTIOUS synovitis, caused by a filterable agent, was first described by Olson et al. (1954 a,b) and Wills (1954). Further descriptions of the disease have been made by Olson et al. (1955 (1956), Wills (1955), Wills and Delaplane (1955), Cover and Galeta (1955) and Cover et al. (1956). Snoeyenbos and Olesiuk (1955) reported a similar disease in turkeys. The occurrence of this disease in broiler and replacement flocks has been important primarily in the eastern and southern states. Unlike many other diseases economic losses from mortality are secondary to those from morbidity. Affected birds become unmarketable because of the infected joints and emaciation which occurs in the later stages of the infection. Preliminary reports on the value of some antibiotics used as preventive and control measures have been presented by Bletner et al. (1955), Olson et al. (1955) and Shelton et al. (1955). This report describes in greater detail the …
On the Diameter of the Pancake Network

Then-dimensionalpancake network,Pn, has processors labeled with each of then! distinct permutations of lengthnand a connection between two processors when the label of one is obtained from the other by some prefix reversal. Each permutation is considered as a stack of different size pancakes. The well knownpancake problemconcerns the number,f(n), of prefix reversals required to sortnpancakes.We describe a (9/8)n+2 step sorting sequence for Gates and Papadimitriou's stack ofnpancakes, ?n, used for establishing their lower bound, thus disproving the conjecture that (19/16)nsteps are required. Furthermore, we improve their lower bound by showingf(n)?(15/14)n. In fact, we define for eachn?0 (mod14) a stack of pancakes, ?n, and show that (15/14)n?f(?n)?(8/7)n?1.We show that ?In, the conjectured hardest stack of burnt pancakes, can be sorted in (3(n+1))/2 steps, for alln?3 (mod4) andn?23. If ?Inis indeed hardest, this implies that both the “burnt” and “unburnt” pancake networks of dimensionnhave diameter at most (3(n+1))/2.Values off(n), forn?11, were given previously. We note thatf(12)=14,f(13)=15, andf(19)?22.
Synergistic Coactivator Function by Coactivator-associated Arginine Methyltransferase (CARM) 1 and β-Catenin with Two Different Classes of DNA-binding Transcriptional Activators *

The androgen receptor (AR) binds to and activates transcription of specific genes in response to its cognate steroid hormone, dihydrotestosterone. Transcriptional activation by the DNA-bound AR is accomplished with the help of a variety of coactivator proteins. For example, the p160 coactivators bind directly to AR and recruit additional coactivators such as the histone acetyltransferase p300 and the histone methyltransferase CARM1. The current study tested whether CARM1 can cooperate with other types of coactivator proteins. Recently it was shown that β-catenin can also bind directly to and serve as a coactivator for AR. Here it is shown that CARM1 binds to β-catenin and can function in synergy with β-catenin and p300 as coactivators for AR. The methyltransferase activity of CARM1 is important for its synergistic coactivator function with β-catenin. The synergistic coactivator function of β-catenin and CARM1 is not restricted to steroid receptors because these two coactivators can also act synergistically with another type of DNA binding transcriptional activator, LEF-1/TCF-4.
Audiovisual asynchrony detection and speech perception in hearing-impaired listeners with cochlear implants: A preliminary analysis

This preliminary study examined the effects of hearing loss and aging on the detection of AV asynchrony in hearing-impaired listeners with cochlear implants. Additionally, the relationship between ...
Habit formation in state-dependent pricing models: Implications for the dynamics of output and prices

This paper examines the role of habit formation in a standard state-dependent pricing (SDP) model. Incorporating habit formation helps the SDP model to generate hump-shaped and more persistent output responses under a monetary shock. More importantly, incorporating habit formation causes dramatic changes in firm-level pricing behaviors and, as a result, the aggregate price index.
Genetic Interactions Between Transcription Factors Cause Natural Variation in Yeast

Our understanding of the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity is limited by the paucity of examples in which multiple, interacting loci have been identified. We show that natural variation in the efficiency of sporulation, the program in yeast that initiates the sexual phase of the life cycle, between oak tree and vineyard strains is due to allelic variation between four nucleotide changes in three transcription factors: IME1, RME1, and RSF1. Furthermore, we identified that selection has shaped quantitative variation in yeast sporulation between strains. These results illustrate how genetic interactions between transcription factors are a major source of phenotypic diversity within species.
Gender and life satisfaction in retirement: an assessment of the male model

This study seek to extend the research on retirement in two ways. First, using a nationally representative sample, I attempt to clarify the relationship between gender and life satisfaction in retirement by explicitly considering how gender structures preretirement employment experiences. Second, I ask whether the "male model" of life satisfaction in retirement can be used to assess women's life satisfaction in retirement. It is hypothesized that employment structures, through their influence on sources of work satisfaction and world view, influence the sources of life satisfaction in retirement. While this hypothesis is generally supported, gender still appears to define a context for the variables of the male model beyond that encompassed by employment structures. The sources and implications of this gender influence for future social gerontological research, particularly in the area of retirement, are discussed.
Effects of hirudin (thrombin specific inhibitor) in zebrafish embryos: a developmental role for thrombin.

To address the role of thrombin in early embryogenesis, hirudin, a thrombin specific inhibitor was microinjected into developing zebrafish embryos to inhibit the temporal activity of thrombin during early embryonic development. We found that the fibrin forming activity is inhibited by the presence of hirudin. We also found that hirudin affects development in zebrafish embryos suggesting thrombin's role in early embryogenesis. This ability to inhibit thrombin activity in developing embryos should facilitate studies on identifying signal transduction pathways affected by thrombin during embryogenesis.
Dielectronic recombination cross sections for H-like ions

Dielectronic recombination cross sections for several H-like atomic ions are calculated in an isolated-resonance, distorted-wave approximation. Fine-structure and configuration-interaction effects are examined in detail for the ${\mathrm{O}}^{7+}$ cross section. Hartree-Fock, intermediate-coupled, multiconfiguration dielectronic recombination cross sections for ${\mathrm{O}}^{7+}$ are then compared with the recent experimental measurements obtained with the Test Storage Ring in Heidelberg. The cross-section spectra line up well in energy and the shape of the main resonance structures are comparable. The experimental integrated cross sections differ by up to 20% from theory, but this may be due in part to uncertainties in the electron distribution function.
Model's Race: A Peripheral Cue in Advertising Messages?

Based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model and Social Categorization Theory, an experiment examined minority viewers' use of racial cues on exposure to product advertising. A total of 160 Black adults from a southeastern city rated a garment bag advertisement that featured either a White or a Black model and contained either strong or weak message arguments. Consistent with both theoretical notions, product and advertising evaluations were more favorable given a Black than a White model, but only for Black participants who identify strongly with Black culture. Blacks who identify weakly with Black culture evaluated the product and advertisement similarly given a White or a Black model. The results also showed that the Black model's race motivated Blacks, particularly those with strong racial attitudes, to process the message in a biased manner. In particular, the Black (versus White) model's race positively influenced the Black participants' thoughts about the product, which in turn yielded more favorable product evaluations. The findings suggest that Blacks appear to engage in biased processing (and not simple cue processing) when exposed to Black models in advertising messages.
A General Method of Taxonomic Description for a Computed Similarity Measure

ditionally difficult problem, it has been intensified by the rigorous demands made on data format by the majority of current computer techniques. The failure of computer techniques to classify in some instances can be attributed partly to the gulf between the taxonomist's tacit interpretive approach to biological descriptions and the machine's overly objective treatment of these descriptions. Frequently, the format criterion for computer programs requires that the worker describe his material in a manner unnatural to him and his discipline. The taxonomist's subjective impressions, often drawn from years of experience and training, can be slighted by an overly rigorous numerical method.
Rolling element bearing diagnostics in run-to-failure lifetime testing

Abstract Bearing failure is one of the foremost causes of breakdown in rotating machinery. Such failures can be catastrophic and can result in costly downtime. To date, most research has studied crack propagation resulting from artificial or ‘seeded’ damage. This damage has been induced in bearings by: scratching the surface, introducing debris into the lubricant or machined with an electrical discharge. The work presented here involves running new undamaged ball and roller bearings through to failure. Traditional vibration metrics such as: root mean square, peak value, kurtosis and crest factor are recorded through the test duration from accelerometers and acoustic emission sensors.
THE INTERACTION OF CATIONIC LIPOSOMES CONTAINING ENTRAPPED HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE WITH CELLS IN CULTURE

Cationic liposomes composed of sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and stearylamine were prepared with horseradish peroxidase trapped inside. Stable particles were formed in which 10–12% of the enzymic activity appeared to be located at, or near, the outer surface of the liposome. Adsorption and uptake of liposomes by HeLa cells were followed cytochemically by electron microscopy and quantitated by enzyme assay and by the distribution and fate of particles labeled with [14C]cholesterol and [125I]horseradish peroxidase. The particles were adsorbed by HeLa cells at least 300 times as efficiently as was free horseradish peroxidase. Many of the particles remained at the cell surface, but numerous membrane-bound cytoplasmic inclusions were observed to contain peroxidase-staining material. In addition, many areas of the cell membrane gave a positive staining reaction. It was concluded that many particles (presumably the larger ones) did not gain access to the interior of the cells, many were phagocytized, and some enzyme was transferred to the cell membrane, perhaps as a result of fusion of the liposomal membrane with the cell membrane.
BIVALIRUDIN VERSUS HEPARIN MONOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: AN ANALYSIS OF ACUTE ADVERSE OUTCOMES AND COST

Bivalirudin compared with heparin has been shown to reduce rates of bleeding and death in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In light of recent evidence, this study compares the acute outcomes and cost in a contemporary population of patients with ST elevation
Photoconduction in bacteriorhodopsin/GaAs heterostructures

Observation of transient and steady-state photoconduction across an indium tin oxide (ITO)/bacteriorhodopsin(bR)/GaAs heterostructure, with the bacteriorhodopsin acting as the light-sensitive material, is reported. The protein is dissolved in polyvinyl alcohol and the film dried after deposition. The steady state photoconduction is probably caused by the pH change at the bR/ITO interface owing to proton release from the bR upon photoexcitation, and is therefore an electrochemical effect.
The diversity and relationship of prion protein self-replicating states

It has become evident that the prion protein (PrP) can form a diverse range of self-replicating structures in addition to bona fide PrP(Sc) or strain-specific PrP(Sc) variants. Some self-replicating states can be only produced in vitro, whereas others can be formed in vivo and in vitro. While transmissible, not all states that replicate in vivo are truly pathogenic. Some of them can replicate silently without causing symptoms or clinical diseases. In the current article we discuss the data on PK-digestion patterns of different self-replicating PrP states in connection with other structural data available to date and assess possible relationships between different self-replicating states. Even though different self-replicating PrP states appear to have significantly different global folding patterns, it seems that the C-terminal region exhibits a cross-β-sheet structure in all self-replicating states, as this region acquires the proteolytically most stable conformation. We also discuss the possibility of the transformation of self-replicating states and triggering of PrP(Sc) formation within the frame of the deformed templating model. The spread of silent self-replicating states is of a particular concern because they can lead to transmissible prion disease. Moreover, examples on how different replication requirements favor different states are discussed. This knowledge can help in designing conditions for selective amplification of a particular PrP state in vitro.
Interaction of menstrual cycle phase, clothing resistance and exercise on thermoregulation in women

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe core and skin temperatures and sweating rate in women during exercise when wearing clothing with high thermal resistance (R T , 0.4 m 2 ·K −1 ·W −1 ). Exercise time was 60 ± 12 min in early follicular experiments, 57 ± 13 in late follicular experiments and 55 ± 12 in mid-luteal experiments (NS). The end exercise mean body temperature was 38.19 ± 0.24°C, 37.86 ± 0.472°C and 38.36 ± 0.33°C, respectively (p Exercise tolerance under the conditions of these experiments was not different during the menstrual cycle phases studied. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
Hippocampal plasticity following epileptiform bursting produced by GABAA antagonists

The effects of epileptiform bursts on hippocampal excitability were examined in the CA3 region of guinea-pig hippocampal slices. Partial blockade of gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA)-mediated inhibition by 500 IU/ml penicillin produced low frequency (2-4 Hz) "pro-convulsant" field potential oscillations. Normal spontaneous activity recovered less than 30 min after the penicillin was rinsed out providing bursting was prevented. Synchronized bursting rarely began on its own even after 1 h in penicillin 500 IU/ml, but could be initiated in most slices after one to eight all-or-none bursts were evoked by low-intensity, low-frequency (0.2-0.25 Hz) stimuli. Spontaneous bursting, once initiated, persisted for at least 1 h without further stimulation suggesting that a small number of bursts produced a long-lasting increase in excitability. Bursts disappeared more slowly than anticipated after convulsants were rinsed out and were followed by "post-burst" oscillations with different frequency characteristics than proconvulsant oscillations which persisted for at least 4 h. Selective augmentation of evoked N-methyl-D-aspartate excitatory postsynaptic potentials appeared to be the critical first step in the initiation of bursting. The specific N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (50-100 microM), only partially suppressed pro-convulsant oscillations in partially disinhibited slices but completely prevented stimulus-triggered spontaneous bursting and prolonged hyperexcitability. Although N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors were necessary for the induction of bursting in partially disinhibited slices, they were not required to initiate bursting after more complete disinhibition. However, when 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid was applied prior to and during perfusion with 2000 IU/ml penicillin, spontaneous bursts occurred at long, irregular intervals and lacked afterdischarges. These bursts rapidly disappeared upon penicillin washout and were not followed by persistent post-burst oscillations. N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists applied only after bursts already established in penicillin blocked the afterdischarges but did not reduce the burst frequency. These observations indicate that epileptiform bursts can produce long-lasting, hippocampal hyperexcitability. The induction of these plastic changes requires N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation which then enhances both N-methyl-D-aspartate and non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mechanisms. Furthermore, N-methyl-D-aspartate excitatory postsynaptic potentials can participate in triggering spontaneous bursts but this role is masked once plasticity has occurred. Partial disinhibition produces a pro-convulsant state which does not induce long-lasting changes in hippocampal excitability but renders the neuronal network vulnerable to develop persistent epileptiform bursting with small additional excitatory inputs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Role of C-Reactive Protein When Prescribing a Statin

The clinical value of measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) to guide statin therapy is uncertain. It has no value in patients at high risk who would be treated regardless of CRP (eg, patients with coronary disease or of equivalent risk), in patients at low risk who do not warrant treatment, and those with other acute or chronic inflammatory conditions that amplify CRP. Drawbacks to the widespread clinical use of CRP include its small impact on risk prediction beyond other risk factors, and evidence from JUPITER and other trials that baseline CRP is unable to identify patients who obtain greater absolute benefits from statin therapy. Furthermore, the within-person variability of CRP is about the same as the reduction in CRP from intensive statin therapy, and this leads to many patients registering an increase in CRP with treatment. For these reasons, CRP has no clear role in determining who should receive statin therapy or for monitoring the success of treatment.
Mycobacterium bovis Osteomyelitis of the Thoracic Spine Mimicking a Metastatic Lytic Lesion in a Patient Exposed to Intravesicular Bacille Calmette-Guérin Treatment

An 80-year-old man with previous intravesicular bacille Calmette-Guerin therapy developed mass lesions of the lower thoracic spine. Metastatic disease was suspected. The patient underwent a course of radiation; however, biopsy later demonstrated fibrosis and cultures grew Mycobacterium bovis. The patient was treated with a course of isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol.
On two-way sequential transductions of full semi-AFL's☆

Abstract Algebraic and grammatical characterizations of several classes of two-way sequential transductions of languages in a full semiAFL are presented. The algebraic characterizations are in terms of “generalized” replications involving homomorphisms and finite substitutions. The grammars are simple and are of the form found in parallel rewriting systems.
Relativistic diffusion processes and random walk models

The nonrelativistic standard model for a continuous, one-parameter diffusion process in position space is the Wiener process. As is well known, the Gaussian transition probability density function (PDF) of this process is in conflict with special relativity, as it permits particles to propagate faster than the speed of light. A frequently considered alternative is provided by the telegraph equation, whose solutions avoid superluminal propagation speeds but suffer from singular (noncontinuous) diffusion fronts on the light cone, which are unlikely to exist for massive particles. It is therefore advisable to explore other alternatives as well. In this paper, a generalized Wiener process is proposed that is continuous, avoids superluminal propagation, and reduces to the standard Wiener process in the nonrelativistic limit. The corresponding relativistic diffusion propagator is obtained directly from the nonrelativistic Wiener propagator, by rewriting the latter in terms of an integral over actions. The resulting relativistic process is non-Markovian, in accordance with the known fact that nontrivial continuous, relativistic Markov processes in position space cannot exist. Hence, the proposed process defines a consistent relativistic diffusion model for massive particles and provides a viable alternative to the solutions of the telegraph equation.
The monetary transmission mechanism in a general equilibrium version of the baumol-tobin model

Abstract The paper analyzes the effects of financial shocks on an economy in which individuals hold money to make purchases and in which the frequency of conversions of other assets into money is endogenous. The paper thus extends the work of Sanford Grossman and Laurence Weiss (1983) and Julio Rotemberg (1984) by allowing agents to choose the timing of trips to the bank. There are two major conclusions. First, the economy's response to a nominal interest rate shock exhibits large cycles. Second, the economy's response differs dramatically, both qualitatively and quantitatively, from its response when the timing of trips is fixed.
CORRELATION BETWEEN DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS AND MORTALITY FOLLOWING IRRADIATION IN MICE.

DURING the past few years there has been renewed interest regarding the kinetics of repair following irradiation, both for animals exposed to whole-body irradiation and for several in vitro systems. It was previously thought that repair following irradiation progressed in an exponential manner such that the amount of residual injury present continuously decreased with time1. The method usually used to examine this effect is the ‘paireddose’ technique in which animals (or other systems) are given an initial sub-lethal exposure which is followed at varying time intervals by a second, or challenging, dose. Injury is estimated by comparing the response of the group which received the paired doses with controls that received only single exposures.
The Impact of Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy Since Vietnam and International Public Opinion and the Bosnia Crisis

The Impact of Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy Since Vietnam. By Richard Sobel. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 288p. $24.95. International Public Opinion and the Bosnia Crisis. Edited by Richard Sobel and Eric Shiraev. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2003. 344p. $80.00 cloth, $25.95 paper. In 2001, Richard Sobel published four case studies chronicling the impact of public opinion on U.S. foreign policy since the start of the Vietnam War. He used public opinion surveys and interviews with senior policymakers, including three secretaries of state and four secretaries of defense, to document how opinions fluctuated throughout each crisis and how various movers and shakers felt about the weight that they should assign to public opinion in their deliberations. The crises—the Vietnam War, the Nicaraguan Contra-funding controversy, the Persian Gulf War, and the Bosnia crisis—demonstrate that public opinion did constrain policy options, but did not determine the specific policies that were chosen. This finding confirms V. O. Key's theory, first expressed in his pathbreaking study Public Opinion and American Democracy (1961) that public opinion operates like a system of dikes. These dikes limit how far policymakers can go in committing the country to actions in the policy sphere.