cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Promoting Reflexivity During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Reflexivity is a concept that is pivotal in understanding and conducting qualitative inquiry but can be relevant to the teacher identities as they shuttle between what they do as teachers and how they engage with participants in conducting research. In the Notes from the Field article, the authors, Maribel Greene and Gloria Park (a doctoral student working on a research project with doctoral program peers and a graduate faculty member teaching the qualitative research course, respectively) focus on a research-oriented concept of reflexivity to bring about more awareness around their roles and responsibilities as an emerging qualitative researcher (Greene) and a graduate faculty member (Park) working with individuals from diverse contexts. In addition to highlighting reflexivity in their respective roles and responsibilities, the authors document the unprecedented influence the COVID-19 pandemic has had on their work. In this collaborative reflective piece, they discuss their positionalities and reflect on the role of reflexivity not just in their research but as a tool to navigate their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors highlight the importance of (1) being vulnerable; (2) looking more inward in what they do as a researcher and a graduate faculty member; and (3) taking risks in being reflexive to better understand their respective roles. The authors conclude with a list of critical questions and insights inviting readers to find ways to carry on the commitment to integrate reflexivity in working with individuals from diverse backgrounds in both teaching and research contexts.
Risk factors for acute kidney injury in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

To examine incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), antenatal and postnatal predictors, and impact of AKI on outcomes in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Single center retrospective study of 90 CDH infants from 2009–2017. Baseline characteristics, CDH severity, possible AKI predictors, and clinical outcomes were compared between infants with and without AKI. In total, 38% of infants developed AKI, 44% stage 1, 29% stage 2, 27% stage 3. Lower antenatal lung volumes and liver herniation were associated with AKI. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS), diuretics, abdominal closure surgery, hypotension, and elevated plasma free hemoglobin were associated with AKI. Overall survival was 79%, 47% with AKI, and 35% with AKI on ECLS. AKI is associated with increased mechanical ventilation duration and length of stay. AKI is common among CDH infants and associated with adverse outcomes. Standardized care bundles addressing AKI risk factors may reduce AKI incidence and severity.
The Political Psychology of Israeli Prime Ministers: When Hard-Liners Opt for Peace

1. Introduction: when hard-liners opt for peace 2. Yitzhak Shamir: once a hawk, always a hawk 3. Benjamin Netanyahu: battling the world 4. Ariel Sharon: from warfare to withdrawal 5. Yitzhak Rabin: from hawk to Nobel Prize peacemaker 6. Ehud Barak: all or nothing 7. Shimon Peres: from Dimona to Oslo 8. Expanding the political conversion story Appendix A. Political psychology of Israeli prime ministers: summary table of key factors and findings Appendix B. Interviews by the author.
Methodology for Determining Particulate and Gaseous Diesel Hydrocarbon Emissions

The 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments, which call for broad study of motor vehicle particulate emissions, coupled with requirements for improved fuel economy, have greatly increased the interest and study of diesel powered motor vehicles. Analytical procedures are described which permit measurement of diesel organic emissions, including the particulate and gas phases, from carbon number 1 to carbon number 40. The partitioning of the emitted organics between the gas and particulate phases is examined with a variety of controllable sampling parameters. These parameters include variations in particulate sampling probe configurations and sampling rates, variable dilution ration and corresponding temperatures, and filter media.
Dictionary of Chicano Folklore

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Rafaela G. Castro Year: 2000 Pages: xvii + 332 Publisher: ABC-CLIO Prices: $75.00
Proton NMR comparison of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferricytochrome c isozyme-1 monomer and covalent disulfide dimer.

Proton NMR studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers yeast) isozyme-1 monomer and dimer ferricytochrome c have been carried out. The dimer is formed via a disulfide bridge between the Cys-102 residues of monomer proteins. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments have led to resonance assignments for many of the heme and axial ligand (Met-80; His-18) protons in both protein forms. Resonances of the following amino acids have also been assigned in both forms: Phe-10; Pro-30; Phe-82; Trp-59; Leu-68. The proton NOE connectivity patterns of the monomer of yeast isozyme-1 ferricytochrome c are similar to those of horse, tuna, and yeast isozyme-2 ferricytochromes c, even though the observed hyperfine resonance spectra are significantly different for the various cytochromes. The pattern of dimer proton hyperfine resonances is distinct from the isozyme-1 monomer pattern, which indicates that the formation of a disulfide bridge via Cys-102 is detected at the heme site, approximately 10 A distant. It appears that a specific structural change is induced upon dimerization, which, in turn, causes specific perturbations in the vicinity of the heme. However, the general features of the NOE connectivity pattern in the dimer are the same as for the monomer indicating that dimerization does not result in drastic structural disruption. Furthermore, the 1H NMR spectrum of the dimer can be mimicked by the monomer form that results when the -SH group of Cys-102 is chemically modified with certain types of bulky, or hydrophilic reagents (i.e. 5,5'-dithiobis[2-nitrobenzoate], indicating that perturbations of the yeast isozyme-1 ferricytochrome c proton resonance spectrum observed upon dimerization are essentially due to changes in intramolecular, rather than intermolecular, interactions. These results suggest that a possible regulatory site for yeast isozyme-1 cytochrome c exists at position 102, which could conceivably have a physiological role in altering the conformation of the molecule.
Scott's Interpolation Theorem Fails for $L_{\omega_1,\omega}$

In [1] we proved the following interpolation theorem for first-order (finitary) logic: Theorem (Scott). Let A and B be sentences. There is an -sentence C such that A → C and C → B iff whenever and are -isomorphic structures and satisfies A then satisfies B . We show here that the Theorem holds for A and B in L ω 1, ω only if we permit the interpolant C to be in L (2 ω ) + , ω , where (2 ω ) + is the successor of 2 ω . Our language contains the usual logical symbols and the relation symbols R i , is i ∈ J . If I ⊆ J define an I-sentence to be a sentence containing only relations with subscripts in I . If define an -sentence to be a boolean combination of I -sentences with , i.e., a sentence consisting of I -sentences, for various I 's in , joined together by ∨, ∧ and ⌝; e.g., ∀ xR 1 ( x ) ∨ ∀ xR 2 ( x )is a{{1}, {2}}-sentence but ∀ x ( R 1 ( x ) ∨ R 2 ( x )) is not. If is a structure let , be the structure obtained by restricting to just the relations with subscripts in I . We say that is -isomorphic to if is isomorphic to for each .
Motion Planning and Synthesis of Human-Like Characters in Constrained Environments

We give an overview of our recent work on generating naturally-looking human motion in constrained environments with multiple obstacles. This includes a whole-body motion planning algorithm for high DOF human-like characters. The planning problem is decomposed into a sequence of low dimensional sub-problems. We use a constrained coordination scheme to solve the sub-problems in an incremental manner and a local path refinement algorithm to compute collision-free paths in tight spaces and satisfy the statically stable constraint on CoM. We also present a hybrid algorithm to generate plausible motion by combing the motion computed by our planner with mocap data. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on a 40 DOF human-like character and generate efficient motion strategies for object placement, bending, walking, and lifting in complex environments.
Is documentation of TOLAC counseling a good measure of quality of care

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study is to determine whether chart documentation of patient counseling on trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) during prenatal care is associated with patient knowledge of risks and benefits of TOLAC and repeat cesarean delivery (RCD).Study design: Prenatal patients eligible for TOLAC completed a questionnaire that assessed their knowledge of basic maternal and neonatal risks and benefits of TOLAC versus planned repeat cesarean delivery. Patient electronic medical records were reviewed for documentation of TOLAC counseling. Women were included at both early and late time points in pregnancy to include those who both had and had not undergone counseling.Results: Patients with documented completed TOLAC counseling did not perform better on the knowledge survey. Patients who had documentation of counseling on specific subjects such as TOLAC success rates, risk of uterine rupture, and downstream health risks of cesarean section were no more likely to answer questions...
Septic survival of rabbits induced by in vivo phytohemagglutinin

Abstract Based on the concept that the cellular products of lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) may have physiologic importance, the present investigation showed that this mitogen given in vivo enhances host defense. In the experimental protocol, 3 separate groups of rabbits were challenged with lethal suspensions of Type I pneumococci after the animals in the first group had received intravenous PHA, those in the second set were given bovine serum protein as a control immune stimulus, and the last set was left unprepared. Only the PHA-treated rabbits survived the bacteremia. The possible mechanisms by which PHA influences resistance to infection are enhanced reticuloendothelial system function, increased opsonophagic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes against bacteria coated with PHA-stimulated cell products, and effects of hightiter serum antipneumococcal agglutinins. These observations strongly suggest that PHA given in vivo stimulates several aspects of immunity and that it might be useful as an alternative means of augmenting mammalian defense against infection.
A mathematical model of diurnal variations in human plasma melatonin levels

Studies in animals and humans suggest that the diurnal pattern in plasma melatonin levels is due to the hormone's rates of synthesis, circulatory infusion and clearance, circadian control of synthesis onset and offset, environmental lighting conditions, and error in the melatonin immunoassay. A two-dimensional linear differential equation model of the hormone is formulated and is used to analyze plasma melatonin levels in 18 normal healthy male subjects during a constant routine. Recently developed Bayesian statistical procedures are used to incorporate correctly the magnitude of the immunoassay error into the analysis. The estimated parameters [median (range)] were clearance half-life of 23.67 (14.79-59.93) min, synthesis onset time of 2206 (1940-0029), synthesis offset time of 0621 (0246-0817), and maximum N-acetyltransferase activity of 7.17(2.34-17.93) pmol x l(-1) x min(-1). All were in good agreement with values from previous reports. The difference between synthesis offset time and the phase of the core temperature minimum was 1 h 15 min (-4 h 38 min-2 h 43 min). The correlation between synthesis onset and the dim light melatonin onset was 0.93. Our model provides a more physiologically plausible estimate of the melatonin synthesis onset time than that given by the dim light melatonin onset and the first reliable means of estimating the phase of synthesis offset. Our analysis shows that the circadian and pharmacokinetics parameters of melatonin can be reliably estimated from a single model.
An Investigation of the January 1982 Gaza, New Hampshire Aftershock Sequence

An earthquake of M c = 4.7 occurred near Gaza in the township of Sanbornton in central New Hampshire on January 19, 1982. The main shock was followed by a sequence of aftershocks which was monitored by a network of portable seismographs installed in the area from January 19 thru February 17. Over fifty aftershocks were recorded by the portable network, including two which were of a sufficient magnitude to be detected by permanent stations of the Northeastern United States Seismic Network. These two events allowed the absolute calculation of locations for the main shock and the two M c = 2.6 aftershocks of January 19 that are calibrated to the later aftershock locations using a relative hypocentral location algorithm. Arrival time data for these events indicate a northwestward progression of epicentral location with time. In addition, a cluster of generally shallow, small magnitude events occurred in an area to the north-northwest of the January 19 activity. This northwesterly migration of seismicity is consistent with geological and geophysical studies conducted in the area which suggest a potential for northwest-trending basement structures in the region along with the presence of shallow, multidirectional fracture patterns.
The paradox of Indian growth: A comment on Kochhar et al.

The paradox of India’s current success, we learn from Kochhar et al. (2006), is that it is rooted in what were once seen as some of its most egregious policy failures. In particular, in the 1980s and even the 1990s, one always heard complaints about how India invested so much more in tertiary education compared to countries at similar levels of development, and how primary education, by comparison, was under-funded and not enough of a priority. And it did look like the critics were right: highly qualified engineers, educated at great public expense, worked as bank officers or sales representatives for large multinationals, or cooled their heels as minor functionaries in the overfilled bureaucracies of large public companies. If they were exceptionally brilliant or fortunate, they won a scholarship to do an advanced degree somewhere in the west. Few came back. If there was one thing that has worse press in the community of economists today than India’s education policy, it was its policy of self-reliance. This meant making everything at home, often behind gargantuan walls of tariffs and quotas. This created an industrial sector that was enormously diversified, at least compared to other economies at the same level of development, and probably in many ways quite inefficient. Yet, according to Kochar and company, it was the combination of these two ‘‘policy errors’’ that were instrumental in shaping the Indian economy of today. The two things that distinguish India from any other economy at its level of development are the skillintensity of its exports and the diversity of what it produces. Indeed, 15 years after liberalization began the Indian economy seems to be even more diversified than it used to be.
Stress Generation Research in Depression: A Commentary

The concept of stress generation is a powerful tool that is consistent with existing cognitive-behavioral theories of depression. In this brief commentary on the literature on stress generation in depression, we highlight several issues that we believe will help to advance the stress generation field. Specifically, we discuss important methodological considerations, issues related to generality and specificity, and theoretical and clinical implications of stress generation. We then address common misperceptions of the stress generation hypothesis. Finally, we end by posing several questions about the mechanisms driving stress generation that should be addressed in future research. Advancing the field’s knowledge about stress generation will yield a tangible direction for theory-driven, targeted intervention. Our hope is that this commentary will help to stimulate and frame future research in this exciting area.
Evaluation of elastic modulus of materials by adhesive (no-slip) nano-indentation

Results of Mossakovskii's analysis for the elastic, adhesive (noâ€“slip) contact between a rigid, axisymmetric punch and an isotropic, elastic halfâ€“space are developed in order to show that a simple relation exists between the contact stiffness, the contact area and the elastic modulus. The relation is similar to the Bulychevâ€“Alekhinâ€“Shorshorov equation, which is commonly used for evaluation of elastic modulus of materials by nanoâ€“indentation. The final formula differs from the frictionless case by a factor that depends on the Poisson ratio of the material. The bounds for the values of the factor are estimated. Similar to the frictionless analysis performed by Pharr, Oliver and Brotzen, the relation is not dependent on the geometry of the punch.
Error concealment using multiresolution motion estimation

An error concealment scheme for MPEG video networking is presented. Cell loss occurs in the presence of network congestion and buffer overflow. This phenomenon of cell loss transforms into lost image blocks in the decoding process, which can severely degrade the viewing quality. The new method differs from the conventional concealment by its exploitation of spatial and temporal redundancies in large scale. The motion estimation is carried out by registering images within a multiresolution pyramid. The global motion is estimated in the lowest resolution level, and is then used to update and refine the local motion. The local motion is further refined iteratively at higher resolution levels. An affine transform is used to extract translation, scaling and rotation parameters. In many applications where there is significant camera motion (e.g., remote surveillance), the new method performs better than the conventional concealment.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Inflation, Inflation Expectations and Investment Performance Volatility: Evaluating Potential Causal Interactions

This study explores trend dynamics and potential causal interactions among three core macroeconomic conditions/variables. Employing modified Granger causality estimation method propounded by Toda-Yamamoto, this study finds significant bidirectional and uni-directional causal interactions among variables tested even after controlling for other key macroeconomic conditions/variables. Empirical results for instance, suggest significant mutual causal interactions between inflation expectations and measured or prevailing inflation; with relatively stronger causal influence emanating from measured inflation towards inflation expectations. Similar mutual or bi-directional causal interaction between inflation expectations and investment performance volatility with stronger causal influence running from inflation expectations is also found. Our results however, found only uni-directional causal interaction between inflation and investment performance volatility with direction influence emanating from measured inflation towards investment performance volatility.
Trifid obstructed megaureter.

Abstract A case report of trifid obstructed megaureter in a young girl is presented. Triplication of ureters is one of the rarest malformations of the upper urinary tract and commonly presents with associated urinary tract infections. Obstructed megaureters in a triplicate system is even more un-common, and only a few cases have been recorded in the world literature.
Focal Nonvascular Thoracic Masses in Children

C Fig. 1—23-month-old boy with bronchogenic cyst who initially presented with recurrent pneumonia. A, Frontal chest radiograph shows abnormal round contour (arrows) in right infrahilar region. B, Lateral chest radiograph shows that mass (arrows) is located in middle mediastinum. C, Transverse ultrasound image shows hypoechoic avascular cystic mass (calipers). D, Contrast-enhanced axial CT image at level of inferior heart shows well-marginated nonenhancing fluidattenuation mass (arrow) in right paraspinal region. B
Probing regional orographic controls of precipitation and cloudiness in the Central Andes using satellite data.

Abstract Data obtained from NOAA’s Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and NASA’s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellites were used to investigate the relationships between topography, large-scale circulation, and the climatology of precipitation and cloudiness in the Andes—specifically over Peru and the Altiplano Plateau—at diurnal, seasonal, and interannual time scales. The spatial variability of cloudiness was assessed through empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of GOES brightness temperatures. Results indicate that landform is the principal agent of the space–time variability of moist atmospheric processes in the Andes, with the first mode explaining up to 70% of all observed variability. These results substantiate the differences between “continental” (Andes and Himalayas) and “maritime” (Western Cordillera) orographic precipitation regimes, reflecting the degree to which upwind landmasses modulate moisture transport toward and across mountain barriers. GOE...
Management of Renal Tumors Involving the Inferior Vena Cava

Renal tumors account for 6% of all adult malignancies. Not uncommonly, patients with renal tumors present with tumor thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava (IVC). Vascular surgical expertise is required for optimal treatment of patients with renal tumors and caval involvement. Because tumor thrombus extending into the IVC does not predict distant metastatic disease, these patients are curable with aggressive surgical resection. Appropriate imaging studies are required preoperatively to optimally plan an operative approach best suited for complete caval tumor removal. Several operative approaches and techniques have been described for resection of these tumors depending on the extent of the caval tumor. In the absence of metastatic disease, long-term survival is most dependent on complete tumor resection. Because chemotherapy and radiation are not curative, renal tumors extending into the cava must be completely resected whenever possible.
Evaluation of film adhesion to substrates by means of surface acoustic wave dispersion

For thin film structures acoustically classified as slow-on-fast systems, modeling and evaluation of their interfacial condition are known to be very complex and difficult due to dispersion and multi-mode excitation of acoustic waves. This paper presents a quantitative model and a reliable measurement procedure established for adhesion evaluation of such film structures. An effective interface model employing a virtual intermediate layer is utilized for the dispersion prediction of the surface acoustic wave, which is affected by various interfacial conditions. Through acoustic microscopy experiments, this model presents a potential method to classify the bonding condition. Comparisons with a destructive scratch test and an acoustic imaging verify the failure mode of the film structure.
Spectroscopy of photovoltaic and photoconductive nanocrystalline Co2+-doped ZnO electrodes.

Photocurrent and photoconductivity measurements have been used in combination with absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopic measurements to elucidate the mechanism of photoinduced carrier generation in nanocrystalline Co2+:ZnO electrodes. These experiments allowed direct observation of two broad Co2+ charge transfer (CT) bands extending throughout the visible energy range. The lower energy CT transition is assigned as a Co2+ → conduction band excitation (MLCBCT). Sensitization of this MLCBCT level by 4A2 → 4T1(P) ligand-field excitation is concluded to be responsible for the distinctive structured photocurrent action spectrum of these electrodes at ca. 14 000 cm-1. The higher energy CT transition is assigned as a valence band → Co2+ excitation (LVBMCT) and is found to have an internal quantum efficiency for charge separation that is approximately four times larger than that of the MLCBCT excitation. The different internal quantum efficiencies for the two CT excitations are related to...
Determinants of interstate differentials in the cost of housing, 2006

This empirical study investigates determinants of interstate differentials in the cost of housing for the year 2006. While the literature on geographic cost-of-living differentials is well develope...
Management paradigms for posterior epistaxis: A comparison of costs and complications

OBJECTIVES: Posterior epistaxis is a common otolaryngologic emergency. Management is controversial because of the many treatment options available. These options vary in efficacy, rates of complica...
The engrailed homeobox genes are required in multiple cell lineages to coordinate sequential formation of fissures and growth of the cerebellum

The layered cortex of the cerebellum is folded along the anterior-posterior axis into lobules separated by fissures, allowing the large number of cells needed for advanced cerebellar functions to be packed into a small volume. During development, the cerebellum begins as a smooth ovoid structure with two progenitor zones, the ventricular zone and upper rhombic lip, which give rise to distinct cell types in the mature cerebellum. Initially, the cerebellar primordium is divided into five cardinal lobes, which are subsequently further subdivided by fissures. The cellular processes and genes that regulate the formation of a normal pattern of fissures are poorly understood. The engrailed genes (En1 and En2) are expressed in all cerebellar cell types and are critical for regulating formation of specific fissures. However, the cerebellar cell types that En1 and En2 act in to control growth and/or patterning of fissures has not been determined. We conditionally eliminated En2 or En1 and En2 either in both progenitor zones and their descendents or in the two complementary sets of cells derived from each progenitor zone. En2 was found to be required only transiently in the progenitor zones and their immediate descendents to regulate formation of three fissures and for general growth of the cerebellum. In contrast, En1 and En2 have overlapping functions in the cells derived from each progenitor zone in regulating formation of additional fissures and for extensive cerebellar growth. Furthermore, En1/2 function in ventricular zone-derived cells plays a more significant role in determining the timing of initiation and positioning of fissures, whereas in upper rhombic lip-derived cells the genes are more important in regulating cerebellar growth. Our studies reveal the complex manner in which the En genes control cerebellar growth and foliation in distinct cell types.
Atherosclerotic risks from chemicals: part II. A RASH analysis of in vitro and in vivo bioassay data to evaluate 45 potentially hazardous compounds.

As reviewed in the Part I companion manuscript by Basavaraju and Jones (Arch Environ Contam Toxicol), atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis may share some common mechanisms of toxicological action. On that hypothesis, standardized test data taken from the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) were used to compute relative potency factors for chemical compounds associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis to humans. Potencies of the different compounds were computed relative to each of six reference compounds comprised of benzo(a)pyrene, nicotine, cisplatin, adriamycin, estrogen, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Reference-specific potencies were all converted to a common numerical scale adjusted to unit potency for B(a)P. Because the list of compounds contained several antibiotics, amino acids, hormones, chemotherapeutic agents, polynuclear aromatics, alkaloids, metals, and vitamins, the standardized estimates of potency varied significantly depending on which of the six reference compounds are considered as standards of comparison. For the n − 1 other substances. Estimates of relative potency, risk coefficients, and generalized risk equations are estimated for cigarette smoke condensate, dietary cholesterol, ethanol, and carbon disulfide. From data on atherosclerosis as a result of cigarette smoking, a tentative risk was estimated as Increased Relative Risk = S (mg/kg-day)−1× dose (mg/kg-day) × RP, where the dose is chronic intake per kilogram of body weight per day, RP is the potency of the compound of interest relative to that of benzo(a)pyrene, and S is 0.83, 0.25, 0.20, or 13 depending on whether cigarette smoke, cholesterol, ethanol, or carbon disulfide epidemiological data were used as a standard of comparison.
Description of the characteristics of pharmacist-based immunization services in North Carolina: Results of a pharmacist survey

Objectives To describe the characteristics of pharmacist immunizers and pharmacist-based immunization services in North Carolina based on immunizing pharmacist survey responses and to identify barriers and challenges to pharmacist-based immunization services in North Carolina. Design Descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study. Participants All pharmacists with an active pharmacist license in North Carolina in early 2007. Intervention Electronic survey. Main outcome measures Settings in which pharmacist respondents practiced, types of immunization services offered, level of participation in immunization services, and perceptions of possible barriers and challenges to providing pharmacist-based immunization services. Results 1,274 (12.8%) responses were included in the final analysis. Approximately 22% of respondents (n = 286) had completed an immunization certificate training program. Of these respondents, more than half (n = 148) had administered vaccinations in the past year (active immunizers). The majority (52%) of active immunizers had been in practice for fewer than 10 years and worked in either community chain or independent pharmacies. Almost all respondents actively involved in administering immunizations offered inactivated influenza immunizations (95.9%). A smaller percentage of pharmacists (39.2%) offered pneumococcal vaccinations at their practice site. All respondents were likely to perceive time and area/space as barriers to providing immunization services; each group also had several distinct perceived barriers. Many factors were perceived as barriers to pharmacists' ability to provide care by active immunizers. The majority of active immunizers were willing to provide additional vaccine types. Conclusion This research has provided information about the number of pharmacists providing immunization services and characteristics of the services they provide. The demographics and settings of pharmacists in relationship to their engagement in immunization services are also provided. Last, the current work helps assess the perceived barriers to providing immunization services and pharmacist interest in expanded opportunities.
Complete, reversible, drug-specific tolerance to stimulation of locomotor activity by caffeine

The development of tolerance to caffeine-induced stimulation of locomotor activity was evaluated in rats maintained chronically on average daily doses of 160 mg/kg or more of caffeine by the method of scheduled access to drinking water containing the drug. Dose-response curves were determined for caffeine (6.25-100 mg/kg) and d-amphetamine (0.39-6.4 mg/kg) during chronic drug treatment. In addition, the caffeine curve was redetermined 2-3 weeks after removal of the drug from the drinking water. A control group that had scheduled access to drug-free tap water was also tested. Caffeine produced dose-related increases in the locomotor activity of the controls but failed to modify locomotor activity of the chronic caffeine group. In contrast, d-amphetamine increased locomotor activity of both groups comparably. Spontaneous locomotor of the chronic caffeine group was reduced significantly for 4 days after drug-free tap water was substituted for the caffeine solution. The return of spontaneous locomotor activity to baseline values was associated with restored sensitivity to caffeine-induced stimulation of locomotor activity. Thus, chronic administration of caffeine to rats results in the development of tolerance to caffeine-induced stimulation of locomotor activity that is virtually complete, pharmacologically specific, and fully reversible when drug treatment is stopped. Decreases in spontaneous locomotor activity after abrupt termination of chronic caffeine administration follow a time course consistent with a drug withdrawal syndrome.
Lattice Effects on the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrum of a Copper(II) Complex

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of the copper(II) complex with the 2-amino-1-cyclopentenc-1-dithiocarboxylate(acdc) anion, Cu(acdc)2, has been studied in the diamagnetic host lattices afforded by the corresponding divalent nickel, zinc, cadmium, and mercury complexes. A combination of host lattice structure and covalency effects can account for the observed spin-Hamiltonian parameters. EPR-Pulverspektren des mit den entsprechenden Ni-, Zn-, Cd- und Hg-Wirtsgittern diamagnetisch verdunnten Cu(II) Komplexes (Cu(acdc)2) mit dem 2-amino-1-cyclopenten-1-dithiocarboxylat-Anion (acdc) wurden untersucht. Die beobachteten Spin-Hamiltonian-Parameter konnen auf eine Kombination der Einflusse von Gitterstruktur und Kovalenzgrad zuruckgefuhrt werden.
Effect of ionic strength on the molecular weight and conformation of wheat gluten proteins in 3 M urea solutions

Abstract 1. 1.|The influence of ionic strength upon the physicochemical properties of wheat gluten proteins in 3 M urea solution was studied by osmotic pressure, optical rotatory dispersion, intrinsic viscosity, and sedimentation velocity measurements. The number-average molecular weights of wheat gluten and gliadin by osmotic pressure at 25° between pH 4.7 and 7.5 are 67300 and 46600, respectively, and are constant with changes in ionic strength between 0.0025 and 0.15. Gluten and gliadin are considerably aggregated in aluminum lactate buffer of pH 3.2–3.4 and have molecular weights of 224000 and 81200, respectively, but in 3 M urea plus aluminum lactate buffer the molecular weight of gluten is not much higher than 67300. 2. 2.|The sedimentation coefficient of glutenin and gliadin in 3 M urea plus KCl is not altered by changes in ionic strength between 0.0025 and 0.5 (pH 4.8–5.8). Because the osmotic molecular weight and sedimentation coefficient are constant, other physical changes noted are caused by structural changes other than aggregation. Both proteins appear to contain a mixture of α-helix and random-coil structure based on the interpretation of optical rotatory dispersion data in terms of Moffitt—Yang , Cotton effect, and Shechter—Blout calculations. Gliadin contains more helix than glutenin. Based on these measurements there appears to be an increase of helical content in glutenin with an increase in ionic strength but with no significant change in gliadin. Intrinsic viscosities measured in these solvents suggest that glutenin and gliadin molecules have relatively high axial ratios. The intrinsic viscosities decrease with increasing ionic strength and the change is greater with glutenin. These observations are consistent with a more constrained structure for gliadin as compared with glutenin.
Relational learning and transfer by young children

Abstract Nursery school children were trained on a color oddity problem and transferred to form problems. During original training the salience of the odd cue was enhanced by the addition of extra non-odd cues to the training arrays. Other training arrangements reduced the probability that a variety of non-solution responses would be reinforced. There were higher proportions of successful learners in the various treatment groups than in a comparison group trained on a standard oddity task. There were also age-associated differences in treatment effects and on the transfer tasks. These differences were interpreted as reflecting developmental differences in the character of the rule acquired during training.
Microstraining in αCuAl single crystals

Abstract The early stage of plastic deformation in αCu-Al single crystals has been studied at room temperature using a strain sensitivity of 1 × 10−6. The stress corresponding to this strain increases from 75 g/mm2 in a 0.5 at.% Al alloy to 394 g/mm2 in a 14 at.% Al crystal; the easy glide stresses for the same alloys are 415 and 1550 g/mm2, respectively. During microstraining, the stress is generally proportional to the square root of the plastic strain. Assuming a dislocation generation mechanism, independent calculations with the microstrain work-hardening behavior and the 1 × 10−6 “yield stress” give approximately the same value for the unpinned length of dislocation for each alloy. If the pinning is due to forest dislocations, the forest density increases with solute concentration. The barrier density is calculated to be about an order of magnitude smaller than the forest density and this observation is explained with a model given by Meakin and Wilsdorf (formation of Cottrell-Lomer dislocations). Sub-grain boundaries may also be acting as barriers. Slip lines were examined with a light microscope in a 14 at.% Al crystal during various stages of microstraining. The coarse primary and cross slip lines characteristic of easy glide deformation in this “α-brass type” crystal are observed at a stress of about 2 3 the easy glide stress.
Prognostic numerical analysis of currents in the black sea with high horizontal resolution

We present the results of numerical prognostic experiments performed with a resolution of 1.64 km in the horizontal coordinates. Unlike the calculations performed with coarser resolution, we reveal the following dynamic specific features: The Rim Current is traced down to 400 m as a continuous jet directed along the continental slope. Mesoscale anticyclonic eddies are regularly formed along the east part of the Anatolian coast and affect the formation of the Batumi anticyclone. The Sevastopol, Sinop, Kizilirmak, and Caucasian anticyclonic eddies are quasiperiodic. A region of cyclonic rotation of waters is formed between the newly formed Sevastopol anticyclone and the previous eddy.
Dynamics Characteristic Analysis of Deliberate Mistuned Bladed-Disk System in Compressor Based on CMS Mothod

In this paper first,a method combining dichotomy and finite element is presented which identify elastic modulus parameters of mistuned bladed based on the test data of blade static frequency and simulation blade deliberate mistuned by change elastic modulus.Then, dynamic characteristics of deliberate mistuned 10Hz and 41Hz bladed-disk system were analyzed in work rotating speed based on CMS mothod, respectively. The exciting force of airflow exert on costal margin of blade tip.According to dynamic test results,the incentive order is 4. The analysis results show that along with the mistuning frequency difference increases,the largest amplitude of blade is becoming smaller(except tuned system) , and scheme of large frequency difference 41Hz deliberate mistuned (scheme Ⅱ) better than scheme of small frequency difference 10Hz deliberate mistuned (scheme Ⅰ) for vibration reduction of bladed-disk system in work rotating speed for 11300r/min. The analysis results are consistent with the dynamic test results.
Correlates of the Impostor Phenomenon among Undergraduate Entrepreneurs

The impostor phenomenon describes the self-attribution of success to luck and interpersonal skills rather than to intelligence and ability, despite external validation to the contrary. Evidence suggests the presence of impostor characteristics among a group of 63 undergraduate entrepreneurs. More intense impostor feelings were associated with an external locus of control and a stronger perceived effect of work on family life. Implications for entrepreneurial performance are discussed and questions for research are presented.
A blunted heart rate response to regadenoson is an independent prognostic indicator in patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging

Regadenoson myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a useful method for risk assessment. We hypothesized that the heart rate response (HRR) to regadenoson carries incremental prognostic information to that derived from perfusion pattern and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). The study population included 1,156 (60 ± 13 years, 46% women, 40% diabetes mellitus, 53% chronic kidney disease) patients. During a follow-up period of 22 ± 5 months, 103 patients died (9%). Independent determinants of the HRR included age, gender, race, diabetes mellitus, coronary revascularization, LVEF, use of insulin and aldosterone antagonists. Decreasing HRR was associated with stepwise increase in mortality (log-rank P < .0001). In a Cox proportional model for mortality that adjusted for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, and MPI findings, HRR in the lowest quartile was independently associated with fivefold increase in mortality compared to the highest quartile [HR 5.2, 95% CI 2.3-12.0, P < .0001]. Patients with a normal HRR had a relatively low annualized total mortality despite the presence of risk factors. The addition of HRR to traditional MPI findings had a net reclassification improvement of 15%, P = .02. A blunted HRR to regadenoson is an independent predictor of poor outcome, adds incremental value to MPI, and helps in better risk stratification.
Homoplasy: From Detecting Pattern to Determining Process and Mechanism of Evolution

Understanding the diversification of phenotypes through time--"descent with modification"--has been the focus of evolutionary biology for 150 years. If, contrary to expectations, similarity evolves in unrelated taxa, researchers are guided to uncover the genetic and developmental mechanisms responsible. Similar phenotypes may be retained from common ancestry (homology), but a phylogenetic context may instead reveal that they are independently derived, due to convergence or parallel evolution, or less likely, that they experienced reversal. Such examples of homoplasy present opportunities to discover the foundations of morphological traits. A common underlying mechanism may exist, and components may have been redeployed in a way that produces the "same" phenotype. New, robust phylogenetic hypotheses and molecular, genomic, and developmental techniques enable integrated exploration of the mechanisms by which similarity arises.
Remote sensing of submerged vegetation canopies for biomass estimation

The visible bands of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor were used in an empirical assessment of seagrass biomass on shallow banks near Lee Stocking Island in the Bahamas. The TM bands were transformed to minimize the depth-dependent variance in the bottom reflectance signal. Regression analyses were performed between the transformed bands and field measurements of seagrass standing crop (above-ground biomass). Regression equations using spectral data accounted for up to 80 per cent of the variability in seagrass biomass. The unexplained variance was ascribed to variations in bottom sediment color.
Lognormality of gradients of advected scalars

The gradient of an advected scalar in turbulent flow is treated in a coordinate system moving with a fluid particle. This Lagrangian coordinate system is chosen to be rotating such that the gradient vector lies along the 1‐axis at all times; the final results are independent of this particular coordinate system. In the absence of diffusion, the magnitude of the gradient at the position of the fluid particle is shown to be a lognormal random process. The action of diffusion is to reduce the probability density for the largest values of the gradient.
A Volume Fraction Based Two-Phase Constitutive Model for Blood

Mechanically-induced blood trauma such as hemolysis and thrombosis often occurs at microscopic channels, steps and crevices within cardiovascular devices. A predictive mathematical model based on a broad understanding of hemodynamics at micro scale is needed to mitigate these effects, and is the motivation of this research project. Platelet transport and surface deposition is important in thrombosis. Microfluidic experiments have previously revealed a significant impact of red blood cell (RBC)-plasma phase separation on platelet transport [5], whereby platelet localized concentration can be enhanced due to a non-uniform distribution of RBCs of blood flow in a capillary tube and sudden expansion. However, current platelet deposition models either totally ignored RBCs in the fluid by assuming a zero sample hematocrit or treated them as being evenly distributed. As a result, those models often underestimated platelet advection and deposition to certain areas [2]. The current study aims to develop a two-phase blood constitutive model that can predict phase separation in a RBC-plasma mixture at the micro scale. The model is based on a sophisticated theory known as theory of interacting continua, i.e., mixture theory. The volume fraction is treated as a field variable in this model, which allows the prediction of concentration as wellmore » as velocity profiles of both RBC and plasma phases. The results will be used as the input of successive platelet deposition models.« less
MULTI-PROJECT SCHEDULING WITH EXPLICIT LATENESS COSTS

We propose a heuristic procedure for planning and scheduling multiple projects subject to limited resource availabilities. We depart from previous research in that explicit lateness costs for each project are considered. Our procedure involves aggregate analysis using linear programming to determine target resource loading profiles for each project that optimize trade-offs of lateness costs among projects, followed by detailed multi-project scheduling consistent with the target profiles. Target profiles and detailed schedules are iteratively modified through N iterations, where N is the number of projects. The procedure can be used to jointly schedule previously committed and newly proposed projects, as well as to assign due dates to proposed projects. We compare the performance of our procedure to that of the traditional minimum slack heuristic, as well to a simple extension of the minimum slack rule that accounts for lateness costs. On a set of 60 multi-project test problems adapted from the Patterson s...
Solvent perturbation studies and analysis of protein and model compound data in denaturing organic solvents

Abstract For the study of proteins in the denaturing organic alcohols, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, trifluoroethanol, and 2-chloroethanol, and the assessment of the number or fraction of exposed tyrosyl and tryptophyl residues in these solvents by the solvent perturbation method of difference spectroscopy, the molar absorbance difference values, Δϵλ of the N-acetyl ethyl esters of tyrosine and tryptophan have been obtained with 20% dimethylsulfoxide as a perturbant, and are presented in the 350-260 nm region. Solvent perturbation data obtained on apomyoglobin, serum albumin, and ovalbumin in several of these solvents are presented and analyzed for the purpose of illustration of the computation and curve-fitting techniques used, employing the tabulated model compound data of this paper.