cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Lesions of Locoweed (Astragalus mollissimus), Swainsonine, and Castanospermine in Rats

To better characterize and compare the toxicity of and lesions produced by locoweed (Asfrugalus mollissimus) with those of swainsonine and a related glycoside inhibitor, castanospermine, 5 5 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 11 groups of five animals each. The first eight groups were dosed via subcu- taneous osmotic minipumps with swainsonine at 0,O. 1,0.7,3.0,7.4, or 14.9 mg/kg/day or with castanospermine at 12.4 or 143.6 mg/kg/day for 28 days. The last three groups were fed alfalfa or locoweed pellets with swainsonine doses of 0, 0.9, or 7.2 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Swainsonine- and locoweed-treated rats gained less weight, ate less, and showed more signs of nervousness than did controls. Histologically, these animals developed vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium, the thyroid follicular cells, and the macrophage-phagocytic cells of the lymph nodes, spleen, lung, liver, and thymus. Some rats also developed vacuolation of neurons, ependyma, adrenal cortex, exocrine pancreas, myocardial epicytes, interstitial cells, and gastric parietal cells. No differences in lesion seventy or distribution were detected between animals dosed with swainsonine and those dosed with locoweed. Rats dosed with castanospermine were clinically normal; however, they developed mild vacuolation of the renal tubular epithelium, the thyroid follicular epithelium, hepatocytes, and skeletal myocytes. Special stains and lectin histochemical evaluation showed that swainsonine- and castanospermine-induced vacuoles contained mannose-rich oligosaccharides. Castanospermine-induced vacuoles also contained glycogen. These results suggest that 1) swainsonine causes lesions similar to those caused by locoweed and is probably the primary locoweed toxin; 2) castanospermine at high doses causes vacuolar changes in the kidney and thyroid gland; and 3) castanospermine intoxication results in degenerative vacuolation of hepatocytes and skeletal myocytes, similar to genetic glycogenosis.
Supporting Veterans and Their Families: A Case Study and Practice Review.

Increasing numbers of men and women are returning home from two warfronts in the Middle East with mental health concerns. Evidence suggests that the mental health community is ill prepared to address the needs of these veterans and their family members. The authors present a brief case study that helped call their attention to this problem and their own need as professionals to prepare and serve veterans. Implications for counselors, supervisors, and counselor educators are presented that address treatment, supervision, and self-care suggestions.
Cardiomyocyte protein trafficking: Relevance to heart disease and opportunities for therapeutic intervention

Cardiomyocytes, the individual contractile units of heart muscle, are long-lived and robust. Given the longevity of these cells, it can be easy to overlook their dynamic intracellular environment that contain rapid protein movements and frequent protein turnover. Critical gene transcription and protein translation occur continuously, as well as trafficking and localization of proteins to specific functional zones of cell membrane. As heart failure becomes an increasingly important clinical entity, growing numbers of investigative teams are examining the cell biology of healthy and diseased cardiomyocytes. In this review, we introduce the major architectural structures and types of protein movements within cardiac cells, and then review recent studies that explore the regulation of such movements. We conclude by introducing current translational directions of the basic studies with a focus on novel areas of therapeutic development.
Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development

Fate maps, constructed from lineage tracing all of the cells of an embryo, reveal which tissues descend from each cell of the embryo. Although fate maps are very useful for identifying the precursors of an organ and for elucidating the developmental path by which the descendant cells populate that organ in the normal embryo, they do not illustrate the full developmental potential of a precursor cell or identify the mechanisms by which its fate is determined. To test for cell fate commitment, one compares a cell's normal repertoire of descendants in the intact embryo (the fate map) with those expressed after an experimental manipulation. Is the cell's fate fixed (committed) regardless of the surrounding cellular environment, or is it influenced by external factors provided by its neighbors? Using the comprehensive fate maps of the Xenopus embryo, we describe how to identify, isolate and culture single cleavage stage precursors, called blastomeres. This approach allows one to assess whether these early cells are committed to the fate they acquire in their normal environment in the intact embryo, require interactions with their neighboring cells, or can be influenced to express alternate fates if exposed to other types of signals.
Spatially constrained output injection for state estimation with banded closed-loop dynamics

This paper presents an extension of the Kalman filter that uses specific subset of the measurement to directly update only a specific subset of the state estimates rather than the entire state estimate. The ability to perform selective output injection allows us to structure the estimator gain so that the close-loop dynamics is banded. The one-step and the two-step forms of this filter are generally not equivalent. In future work, we plant to consider the problem of determining the exact conditions that guarantee the existence of a steady state covariance for linear time-invariant dynamics.
Quantitation of the distribution and flux of myosin-II during cytokinesis

During cytokinesis, the cell's equator contracts against the cell's global stiffness. Identifying the biochemical basis for these mechanical parameters is essential for understanding how cells divide. To achieve this goal, the distribution and flux of the cell division machinery must be quantified. Here we report the first quantitative analysis of the distribution and flux of myosin-II, an essential element of the contractile ring. The fluxes of myosin-II in the furrow cortex, the polar cortex, and the cytoplasm were examined using ratio imaging of GFP fusion proteins expressed in Dictyostelium. The peak concentration of GFP-myosin-II in the furrow cortex is 1.8-fold higher than in the polar cortex and 2.0-fold higher than in the cytoplasm. The myosin-II in the furrow cortex, however, represents only 10% of the total cellular myosin-II. An estimate of the minimal amount of this motor needed to produce the required force for cell cleavage fits well with this 10% value. The cell may, therefore, regulate the amount of myosin-II sent to the furrow cortex in accordance with the amount needed there. Quantitation of the distribution and flux of a mutant myosin-II that is defective in phosphorylation-dependent thick filament disassembly confirms that heavy chain phosphorylation regulates normal recruitment to the furrow cortex. The analysis indicates that myosin-II flux through the cleavage furrow cortex is regulated by thick filament phosphorylation. Further, the amount of myosin-II observed in the furrow cortex is in close agreement with the amount predicted to be required from a simple theoretical analysis.
Mouse FGF15 is the ortholog of human and chick FGF19, but is not uniquely required for otic induction.

Abstract The inner ear develops from an ectodermal placode that is specified by inductive signals from the adjacent neurectoderm and underlying mesoderm. In chick, fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-19 is expressed in mesoderm underlying the presumptive otic placode, and human FGF19 induces expression of otic markers in a tissue explant containing neural plate and surface ectoderm. We show here that mouse Fgf15 is the sequence homolog of chick and human Fgf19/FGF19. In addition, we show that FGF15, like FGF19, is sufficient to induce expression of otic markers in a chick explant assay, suggesting that these FGFs are orthologs. Mouse embryos lacking Fgf15, however, do not have otic abnormalities at E9.5–E10.5, suggesting that Fgf15 is not uniquely required for otic induction or early patterning of the otocyst. To compare FGF15 and FGF19 signaling components and assess where signals potentially redundant with FGF15 might function, we determined the expression patterns of Fgf15 and Fgf19. Unlike Fgf19, Fgf15 is not expressed in mesoderm underlying the presumptive otic placode, but is expressed in the adjacent neurectoderm. Fgfr4, which encodes the likely receptor for both FGF19 and FGF15, is expressed in the neurectoderm of both species, and is also expressed in the mesoderm only in chick. These results suggest the hypotheses that during otic induction, FGF19 signals in either an autocrine fashion to the mesoderm or a paracrine fashion to the neurectoderm, whereas FGF15 signals in an autocrine fashion to the neurectoderm. Thus, the FGFs that signal to the neurectoderm are the best potential candidates for redundancy with FGF15 during mouse otic development.
Laparoscopic and robotic radical prostatectomy

Radical retropubic prostatectomy is the current gold standard for surgical removal of the prostate gland. Recently, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has been developed in an attempt to decrease surgical morbidity, and the technical difficulty of laparoscopy has been countered with the development of the da Vinci robotic interface. Studies that have compared the minimally invasive approaches with the traditional open approach have reported comparable perioperative outcomes. While long-term oncological data are available for open prostatectomy, there are only short-term studies available for laparoscopic prostatectomy. Functional outcomes, including urinary continence and sexual function, appear to be similar between the surgical approaches in the short term. However, currently, costs appear to favor open surgery, with the da Vinci-assisted prostatectomy having the highest expenses. Longer-term data are required to confidently determine the optimal balance between morbidity, oncological efficacy, functional outcomes and cost among the differing surgical approaches.
Seasonal Abundance and Diversity of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in a Pepper Production Region in Jamaica

Abstract Seasonal dispersal and diversity of aphid species were monitored on pepper farms in St. Catherine, Jamaica throughout 1998 and 1999 to identify the most likely vectors of tobacco etch virus (TEV) in pepper fields. Flight activity was monitored weekly on five farms using water pan traps. More than 30 aphid species were identified, 12 of which are new records for Jamaica. Ninety-two percent of the aphids captured from October 1998 through July 1999 belonged to only seven of the >30 species identified. Of these seven species, Aphis gossypii Glover and those in the Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas) complex comprised more than two-thirds of the total. Five known vectors of TEV were captured: A. gossypii, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis spiraecola Patch, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Davis. Generally, more aphids were collected from mid-September through mid-May than from mid-May through mid-September. The influence that rainfall and temperature had on periods of aphid flight activity a...
Animating Preservice Teachers' Noticing

The incorporation of animation in mathematics teacher education courses is one method for transforming practices and promoting practice-based education. Animation can be used as an approximation of practice that engages preservice teachers (PSTs) in creating classroom scenes in which they select characters, regulate movement, and construct conversations to generate playable animations (Grossman et al., 2009). We focus on the role of animation as a practice-based expression to denote who, what, and how PSTs professionally notice within a mathematics lesson (Jacobs, Lamb, & Philipp, 2010). The animation provides a mechanism for analysis that transfers PSTs’ concepts of teaching to a perceptible reality (Lowe & Schnotz, 2008). We examined the affordances and constraints of using animations as a means of supporting PSTs’ development of noticing.
Parental kidnapping ☆: Legal history, profiles of risk, and preventive interventions

Parental kidnapping has become a serious concern in the United States. A national incidence study showed that an unprecedented number of parents had taken action to deprive the other parent of contact with the couple's child. In almost half of these cases, the intent of the abducting parent was to alter permanently the custodial access by concealing the child or taking the child out of the state or country. This article reviews the history of civil and criminal legislation purporting to respond to this problem. It also presents findings from a series of research studies aimed at identifying potential custody violators early on along with preventative interventions.
Diffractive Physics at DØ

We report the most recent measurements of the DO Experiment at Fermilab on the diffractive pp¯ production of W and Z bosons, and the Hard Single Diffractive results. A review of the status of the new Forward Proton Detector accompanies discussion of the future plans of diffractive physics at DO in Run II. 1
Phototriggered Local Anesthesia

We report a phototriggerable formulation enabling in vivo repeated and on-demand anesthesia with minimal toxicity. Gold nanorods (GNRs) that can convert near-infrared (NIR) light into heat were attached to liposomes (Lip-GNRs), enabling light-triggered phase transition of their lipid bilayers with a consequent release of payload. Lip-GNRs containing the site 1 sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin and the α2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (Lip-GNR-TD) were injected subcutaneously in the rat footpad. Irradiation with an 808 nm continuous wave NIR laser produced on-demand and repeated infiltration anesthesia in the rat footpad in proportion to the irradiance, with minimal toxicity. The ability to achieve on-demand and repeated local anesthesia could be very beneficial in the management of pain.
Antigenicity of Canine Distemper Inclusion Bodies as Demonstrated By Fluorescent Antibody Technic

Summary and ConclusionCanine distemper inclusion bodies in urinary bladder epithelium were specifically stained with fluorescein-anti-body conjugate. On the basis of this finding it is concluded that these inclusion bodies contain viral antigen.
One-Step Synthesis of ZnO Nanocrystals in n-Butanol with Bandgap Control: Applications in Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Solution-grown ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) offer a viable path for large-area, low-temperature processing required for optoelectronics on flexible substrates. They can function as the acceptor in hybrid photovoltaic (HPV) devices or the electron transport layer (ETL) in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. We demonstrate a one-step synthesis, using diethanolamine (DEA) and water as additives, to produce ZnO NCs in n-butanol with controlled bandgap. We found that the addition of DEA enhances ZnO NC dispersion, which facilitates the formation of smooth films. For a given DEA concentration, varying the water volume fraction in precursor solution controls the ZnO NC grain size, hence its bandgap. We studied the impact of ZnO bandgap on HPV and OPV device performance. While ZnO NCs with higher bandgap increase the open circuit voltage of bilayer polymer/ZnO HPV devices, ETLs of ZnO NCs with different bandgaps result in identical inverted OPV device performance. The ZnO NC suspensions in n-butanol also allow the fabr...
Flavonoids of citrus—VIII

Abstract The flavonols limocitrol and isolimocitrol, isolated from Citrus limon , are shown to be 3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxy-6,8,3′-trimethoxyflavone and 3,5,7,3′-tetrahydroxy-6,8,4′-trimethoxyflavone, respectively. Each occurs as a 3-β- d -glucoside, as does the previously described flavonol, limocitrin (3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxy-8,3′-dimethoxyflavone).
Rapid serum lipoprotein changes in spider monkeys on short-term feeding of high cholesterol-high saturated fat diet.

SummarySerum lipoprotein changes resulting from high cholesterol (0.5% and 2.0%)-high saturated fat diets have been studied in spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Rapid increase in β-lipoprotein, significant elevation in α-lipoprotein, and marked variations in individual responses to cholesterol intake were observed during these dietary periods.
Cutaneous manifestations and differential diagnosis of the deep mycoses.

Four major morphologic categories of cutaneous lesions representing deep mycoses are considered: the verrucous plaque, the chancriform syndrome, the mycetoma-type lesion, and the subcutaneous abscess with or without ulceration. Each should bring to mind a definite group of diagnostic possibilities. Representative diseases are illustrated, and fine points in differentiation are presented.
Metastatic squamous cell non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): disrupting the drug treatment paradigm with immunotherapies

Lung cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Unlike non-squamous NSCLC, squamous NSCLC rarely harbor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations for which there are directed therapies, and until the recent approval of immunotherapies for squamous NSCLC, a limited number of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs have been FDA-approved for use in the treatment of advanced and metastatic squamous NSCLC. Immunotherapies directed at the programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1) (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) have demonstrated efficacy in both nonsquamous and squamous cell NSCLC. Because of their similar mechanism of action against the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway, both drugs have similar toxicity profiles related to immune-mediated adverse reactions that can generally be monitored and managed with oral corticosteroids. This paper provides an overview of drug therapy options for squamous cell NSCLC with a focus on the evidence and clinical application of the anti-PD1 therapies. A comparison of the dosing, administration, indications, and differences in the measurement of PD-L1 expression in the clinical trials of nivolumab and pembrolizumab is also provided.
Drosophila SLC5A11 Mediates Hunger by Regulating K(+) Channel Activity.

Summary Hunger is a powerful drive that stimulates food intake. Yet, the mechanism that determines how the energy deficits that result in hunger are represented in the brain and promote feeding is not well understood. We previously described SLC5A11—a sodium/solute co-transporter-like— (or cupcake ) in Drosophila melanogaster , which is required for the fly to select a nutritive sugar over a sweeter nonnutritive sugar after periods of food deprivation. SLC5A11 acts on approximately 12 pairs of ellipsoid body (EB) R4 neurons to trigger the selection of nutritive sugars, but the underlying mechanism is not understood. Here, we report that the excitability of SLC5A11-expressing EB R4 neurons increases dramatically during starvation and that this increase is abolished in the SLC5A11 mutation. Artificial activation of SLC5A11-expresssing neurons is sufficient to promote feeding and hunger-driven behaviors; silencing these neurons has the opposite effect. Notably, SLC5A11 transcript levels in the brain increase significantly when flies are starved and decrease shortly after starved flies are refed. Furthermore, expression of SLC5A11 is sufficient for promoting hunger-driven behaviors and enhancing the excitability of SLC5A11-expressing neurons. SLC5A11 inhibits the function of the Drosophila KCNQ potassium channel in a heterologous expression system. Accordingly, a knockdown of dKCNQ expression in SLC5A11-expressing neurons produces hunger-driven behaviors even in fed flies, mimicking the overexpression of SLC5A11 . We propose that starvation increases SLC5A11 expression, which enhances the excitability of SLC5A11-expressing neurons by suppressing dKCNQ channels, thereby conferring the hunger state.
Anterior and Lateral Approaches to the Lumbar Spine

Anterior approaches to the lumbar spine are of great interest due to the ability to implant fusion constructs without interference from neural structures. Conventional anterior open approaches are however unappealing due to the potential for serious complications, including bowel and vascular injury. Lateral approaches have improved the risk profile, truly approaching the goal of minimally invasive. This chapter reviews the current open and minimally invasive approaches and introduces the newest fluoroscopic and computed tomographic image-guided advanced techniques for anterior lumbar spine fusion.
Deterministic Evolutionary Dynamics

Deterministic evolutionary dynamics for games first appeared in the mathematical biology literature, where Taylor and Jonker (1978) introduced the replicator dynamic to provide an explicitly dynamic foundation for the static evolutionary stability concept of Maynard Smith and Price (1973). But one can find precursors to this approach in the beginnings of game theory: Brown and von Neumann (1950) introduced differential equations as a tool for computing equilibria of zero-sum games. In fact, the replicator dynamic appeared in the mathematical biology literature long before game theory itself: while Maynard Smith and Price (1973) and Taylor and Jonker (1978) studied game theoretic models of animal conflict, the replicator equation is equivalent to much older models from population ecology and population genetics. These connections are explained by Schuster and Sigmund (1983), who also coined the name ‘replicator dynamic’, borrowing the word ‘replicator’ from Dawkins (1982).
Ethical Theory and Clinical Ethics Consultation: Toward Understanding the Relationship

In the “Four Roles of Ethical Theory in Clinical Ethics Consultation,” Magelssen and colleagues offer a rich description of four roles that ethical theory contributes to clinical ethics consultatio...
Membrane-Potential-Sensitive, Na+-Independent Lysine Transport by Lobster Hepatopancreatic Brush Border Membrane Vesicles

SUMMARY Transport of L-[ 3 H]lysine by epithelial brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of lobster hepatopancreas, formed by a magnesium precipitation technique, was insensitive to transmembrane gradients of Na + , K + , TMA + or H + . Apparent initial lysine entry rates (15 s uptake) and extent of amino acid accumulation against a concentration gradient (overshoot) were both stimulated by transmembrane anion gradients according to the following sequence: SCN~ > Cl~ >gluconate~. The magnitude of this anion-gradient-dependent transport was significantly increased by bilateral acidic pH. Lysine transport at acidic pH strongly responded to transmembrane potential developed by addition of valinomycin to K + -loaded vesicles, or was markedly reduced if K + -equilibrated vesicles were incubated with the ionophore in the presence of an inwardly directed SCN~ gradient. Lysine influx occurred by the combination of at least one carrier process and 'apparent diffusion'. L-Arginine, L-alanine and L-leucine, added to the external medium, were all strong inhibitors of lysine influx. The first two were competitive inhibitors of lysine entry, while the latter was non-competitive in effect. These results suggest that lysine, arginine and alanine may share a common, Na + -independent, membrane-potential-sensitive transport mechanism in lobster BBMV. Leucine transport may occur in these membranes by a separate agency.
Analyzing impact of communication network topologies on reconfiguration of networked microgrids

This paper studies the impact of communication network on the performance of reconfiguration of networked microgrids. Various communication network topologies can be used to support the microgrid operation, each offering a set of advantages and disadvantages on the performance of reconfiguration. Network Simulator 3 (NS3) is used for the communication system simulation. A test system with two proximal microgrids based on the CERTS concept is developed in MATLAB, with a few modifications for interconnection and reconfiguration. A reconfiguration algorithm developed in MATLAB aims to supply the maximum amount of load supported by communication network for data exchange. Various case studies with different communication network topologies, loss of communication links and initiating event for microgrid reconfiguration are performed. The simulation results are discussed to analyze the impact of supporting communication network on operational time of the reconfiguration of networked microgrids.
Cave, Definition of

Caves have a variety of definitions. From the explorer’s point of view, they are openings in the Earth large enough for human exploration. From the biologist’s point of view, they are openings that will accommodate cave-adapted organisms. From a hydrologist’s point of view, caves are fragments of the conduits that transmit water through karst aquifers. Caves form by a variety of independent processes including tectonic movements of the bedrock, differential erosion, and bedrock dissolution by several different processes. Caves also form by the draining of flowing lava and by the melting and draining of glacial ice.
Hydroxyl-Radical Footprinting to Probe Equilibrium Changes in RNA Tertiary Structure

Hydroxyl-radical footprinting utilizes the ability of a highly reactive species to nonspecifically cleave the solvent accessible regions of a nucleic acid backbone. Thus, changes in a nucleic acids structure can be probed either as a function of time or of a reagent's concentration. When combined with techniques that allow single nucleotide resolution of the resulting fragments, footprinting experiments provide richly detailed information about local changes in tertiary structure of a nucleic acid accompanying its folding or ligand binding. In this chapter, we present two protocols of equilibrium hydroxyl-radical footprinting based on peroxidative and oxidative Fenton chemistry and discuss how to adjust the Fenton reagent concentrations for a specific experimental condition. We also discuss the choice of the techniques to separate the reaction products and specifics of the data analysis for equilibrium footprinting experiments. Protocols addressing the use of peroxidative Fenton chemistry for time-resolved studies have been published [Schlatterer and Brenowitz, 2009. Methods; Shcherbakova and Brenowitz, 2008. Nat. Protoc.3(2), 288-302; Shcherbakova et al., 2006. Nucleic Acids Res.34(6), e48; Shcherbakova et al., 2007. Methods Cell Biol.84, 589-615].
Upgrading pyrolysis bio-oil to hydrocarbon enriched biofuel over bifunctional Fe-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst in supercritical methanol

Abstract Although hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is proven a promising process for upgrading pyrolysis bio-oil to hydrocarbon biofuel, catalyst efficiency remains a challenge. Integrating heterogeneous catalysts with supercritical liquid in a bio-oil HDO process was investigated in this study. Bifunctional Fe-Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts were firstly used to upgrade bio-oil to hydrocarbon biofuel in supercritical methanol. The loading of Fe and Ni did not change HZSM-5 crystalline structure, but BET surface area and total pore volume of Fe-Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts decreased significantly compared to HZSM-5 support. Physicochemical properties of biofuel produced by Fe and/or Ni loaded HZSM-5 catalysts such as water content, total acid number, viscosity and higher heating value improved in comparison with raw bio-oil. Bimetallic Fe-Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts were more effective for bio-oil HDO compared to monometallic Fe/HZSM-5 or Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst , and this was attributed to the synergistic effect of Fe and Ni on HZSM-5 support. Fe-Ni(2)/HZSM-5 catalyst produced biofuel with the highest hydrocarbon content at 28.60%.
Analysis of Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) Screening for Children Less Than Age 4

The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) is a screener for Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) validated for age 4.0 +. There is a clinical need for an ASD screener for children beyond the 30-month age limit of the M-CHAT-R/F. We evaluate the literature on the use of the SCQ in children < 4.0 years. Recent studies have used very large samples; included typically developing children, rather than just those with developmental disorders; compared the SCQ Lifetime and Current versions; and increased scrutiny of internal validity. The sensitivity-specificity balance in distinguishing between ASD and other developmental disorders is poor, which has led to development of abbreviated versions of the SCQ; however, sensitivity-specificity balance is better in a more general population. The SCQ Lifetime (not Current) version should be used. Future research relating should focus on further validation of the SCQ as a screener for children 30–48 months.
Fourier-transform inelastic x-ray scattering: A new kind of gas-phase vibrational spectroscopy

We use the temporal Fourier transform of time-resolved x-ray scattering, known as Fourier-transform inelastic x-ray scattering (FT-IXS), to examine the harmonic, anharmonic, and dissociative dynamics of molecular iodine. This method can directly extract dissociation velocities.
The Modern View of Reality

The models upon which research and education in many of the social sciences are built assume the primacy of quantitative methods in decision making. Furthermore, they are based on assumptions that are probably obsolete or that have suffered drastic change in the last 100 years. In general, these assumptions are based on an epistemology that is (1) positivistic, (2) mechanistic, and (3) reductionist. By this we mean the following: 1. Positivistic refers to a school of thought, popular in the late 19th century, which assumed that, given time, science would solve all major riddles and would provide society with the key well-being for all 2. Mechanistic means that most phenomena are machine-like artifacts (see Glossary) devoid of biological and behavioral attributes. 3. Reductionist is associated with the mechanistic view, according to which problems can be solved by breaking down (analyzing) systems into their component parts, much as a machine is disassembled for repair.
Constructing atomic structural models into cryo-EM densities using molecular dynamics – Pros and cons

Abstract Accurate structure determination from electron density maps at 3–5 A resolution necessitates a balance between extensive global and local sampling of atomistic models, yet with the stereochemical correctness of backbone and sidechain geometries. Molecular Dynamics Flexible Fitting (MDFF), particularly through a resolution-exchange scheme, ReMDFF, provides a robust way of achieving this balance for hybrid structure determination. Employing two high-resolution density maps, namely that of β -galactosidase at 3.2 A and TRPV1 at 3.4 A, we showcase the quality of ReMDFF-generated models, comparing them against ones submitted by independent research groups for the 2015–2016 Cryo-EM Model Challenge. This comparison offers a clear evaluation of ReMDFF’s strengths and shortcomings, and those of data-guided real-space refinements in general. ReMDFF results scored highly on the various metric for judging the quality-of-fit and quality-of-model. However, some systematic discrepancies are also noted employing a Molprobity analysis, that are reproducible across multiple competition entries. A space of key refinement parameters is explored within ReMDFF to observe their impact within the final model. Choice of force field parameters and initial model seem to have the most significant impact on ReMDFF model-quality. To this end, very recently developed CHARMM36m force field parameters provide now more refined ReMDFF models than the ones originally submitted to the Cryo-EM challenge. Finally, a set of good-practices is prescribed for the community to benefit from the MDFF developments.
Inner retinal thickening in newly diagnosed choroidal neovascularization

Automated segmentation of retinal layers by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is usually erroneous in the presence of retinal diseases. The purpose of this study is to report the changes in ganglion cell complex (GCC) comprising retina nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients by manually correcting the automated segmentation errors. Thirty eyes of 30 patients with new-onset choroidal neovascularization secondary to neovascular AMD and 30 eyes of 30 healthy subjects were included. The inner retinal thicknesses were measured using early treatment diabetic retinopathy circle in the central 1 mm (fovea) and surrounding 3 mm diameter (parafovea) after checking the accuracy of automated segmentation lines. Manual segmentation was done to ensure the accurate segmentation, when needed. Neovascular AMD patients had thicker mean RNFL, GCL, IPL, and GCC thicknesses within the fovea compared to healthy eyes (p = 0.04, p = 0.001, p = 0.032, and p = 0.005, respectively). In the parafoveal area, among the thickness-related measurements, the only significant difference was a thicker mean RNFL (p = 0.002). Diffuse thickening of inner retinal layers in neovascular AMD may overestimate actual GCC thickness within fovea. This pseudo-increase in GCC thickness and inner retinal layers in general likely does not reflect more cells or tissue, but rather diffuse edema which leads to a falsely increased reading of layer thickness. Such false readings may also make the assessment of other conditions that lead to reduced inner retinal layer thickness such as glaucoma, optic nerve disease, or retinovascular occlusions more difficult.
Array Location Uncertainty in Imaging Radar: SAR vs. MIMO-SAR

In this paper, we consider a type of MIMO-SAR architecture in which the elements are arranged along the axis of platform motion. We show that this architecture can be used to improve the robustness and accuracy of angular estimation compared to single-element SAR given array location uncertainty. We compare three different architectures for side-looking radars (SAR, SIMO, and SIMO-SAR) and show that in the presence of array location uncertainty, SIMO-SAR proves more resilient. Measurement results using a commercial automotive radar module have been performed to verify this effect.
(Presentation Slides) Do Short-Sellers Arbitrage the Accrual Anomaly?

We find a positive association between short-selling and accruals during 1988-2009, and that asymmetry between the long and short sides of the accrual anomaly is stronger when constraints on short-arbitrage are more severe (low availability of loanable shares as proxied by institutional holdings). Short arbitrage occurs primarily among firms in the top accrual decile. Asymmetry is only present on NASDAQ. Thus, there is short arbitrage of the accrual anomaly, but short sale constraints limit its effectiveness. Paper is available here: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1026044.
Which accounting program characteristics contribute to CPA exam success? A study of institutional factors and graduate education

Abstract CPA exam pass rates are a widely accepted indicator of an accounting program’s ability to prepare its graduates for success on the exam and are often used to communicate the quality of the program to prospective students. While passing the exam can be very expensive, time consuming, and difficult, it is a critical priority for most accounting students. This study examines (1) whether completion of a graduate degree is associated with performance on the CPA exam, and (2) the institutional variables that are also associated with CPA exam performance. These variables include the schools’ accreditations, selectivity in admissions, faculty credentials, research ranking, and whether the school is public or private. The results indicated that completion of a graduate degree was associated with higher CPA exam pass rates. In addition, accreditation type, admissions selectivity, and proportion of accounting faculty holding a CPA license were also significantly associated with CPA exam pass rates. However, the proportion of accounting faculty with a terminal degree, research ranking, and public versus private were not significant.
Federal Reserve policy and housing: A goal too far

Abstract Multiple goals tend to conflict, and this is true for multiple monetary policy goals. We present evidence that the Federal Reserve has responded to the general political support for homeownership and affordable housing in the U.S. by conducting monetary policy favorable to housing. When combined with insufficient recognition of financial innovations and flaws in the financial system, the addition of the goal of supporting housing has been “one goal too far,” creating economic distress more so than relieving it. We present evidence that it significantly contributed to the Great Inflation and the Great Recession. This work highlights the potential for government failure when a central bank makes discretionary choices with too many policy targets.
Childhood pemphigus foliaceus presenting as a polycyclic eruption: Case report and review of the literature

Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is an autoimmune bullous disorder that has occasionally been reported to present as a polycyclic or arcuate eruption in children. We present a case of childhood PF presenting as an annular and polycyclic eruption, which initially led to a diagnostic conundrum and a delay in diagnosis but which ultimately responded well to therapy with systemic steroids and rituximab infusions. We briefly review the literature on polycyclic presentations of PF in childhood as well as the use of rituximab for pediatric pemphigus.
Do You Get Cream with Your Choice? Characteristics of Students Who Moved into or Out of the Louisiana Scholarship Program

Private school choice programs often are accused of failing to serve disadvantaged students. Critics claim that participating private schools “skim the cream off the top” by admitting only the best students and “push out” students who are the most difficult to teach. This study tests these student selection hypotheses in the context of the Louisiana Scholarship Program (LSP). We find LSP applicants are less advantaged than their public school peers regarding their family socioeconomic status and initial test scores. No consistent evidence indicates that the LSP private schools are “skimming the cream” or “pushing out” students based on their family social status or initial test scores. However, students with disabilities are less likely than students without disabilities to use a voucher initially. Students who were placed in LSP private schools that were farther from their homes or that serve a larger minority population are more likely to leave their LSP schools than LSP students placed in schools closer to their homes or that serve smaller minority populations. LSP students with better educational resources in their residential public school district are more likely to leave the LSP than students with worse educational resources. Finally, the LSP students still using vouchers after three years are more likely to have a low family income, more likely to be African American, and more likely to be female than the population of non-applicants to the program.
Main Uses and Environmental Emissions of Volatile Methylsiloxanes

The main uses and environmental emissions of cyclic methylsiloxanes (CMSs) and linear methylsiloxanes (LMSs), especially the three volatile CMSs (D4, D5, and D6), were reviewed. This chapter provides information on production, use, concentrations in various products, as well as emission of volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) into the environment. Many silicone-based products contain residues of CMSs as impurities, and hence the occurrence of VMSs in silicone-based materials (such as rubber products) has been described. CMSs are mainly used as intermediates in the production of silicone polymers, silicone fluids, elastomers, and resins, all of which have diverse industrial and consumer applications. CMSs are also used directly in personal care products (PCPs), as carriers. The concentrations and profiles of CMSs and LMSs in PCPs and household products from North America, Europe, and Asia varied widely across and within the product categories. The measured concentrations ranged from 0.01% in body wash to 70% (by weight) in deodorants. D5 was the predominant CMS found with high detection frequency in most PCPs. The correlations among VMSs in consumer products suggested incorporation of different blends of silicones to the raw material or as additives in those products. The industrial production of VMSs and direct use of PCPs result in significant emissions of VMSs into the environment. High production volume, high mobility, and environmental persistence of VMSs are causes of concern. VMSs, especially CMSs, were found globally in various environmental matrices including air, water, and sludge. This chapter also provides information on the concentrations and patterns of VMSs in the environment surrounding silicone factories, paper production facilities, and oil fields.
Vernier Si-Photonic Phased Array Transceiver for Grating Lobe Suppression and Extended Field-of-View

We present a Vernier optical phased array transceiver architecture that suppresses grating lobes and can extend the field-of-view. The first experimental demonstration shows Vernier lobe suppression by transmitting from adjacent TX and RX tiles simultaneously. © 2019 The Author(s)
Monitoring the Ocean Using High Frequency Ambient Sound

Abstract : To make passive acoustic monitoring of the marine environment an accepted quantitative tool for measuring sea surface conditions (wind speed, rainfall and sea state), monitoring for the presence and identity of marine wildlife (especially whales), and monitoring anthropogenic activities including shipping, sonar and other industrial activities. By establishing a methodology for describing the sound budget for a location, including the quasi-steady sound levels from the sea surface and the frequency and intensity of transient sounds from marine wildlife and human activities (close and distant shipping, sonar activities, etc.), a baseline of information for making decisions regarding additional human activities, in particular Naval operations using active sonars, will become available. This decision aid is needed to understand the perceived affect of sound- producing activities, in particular, Naval operations and research activities, on the marine environment
Mentoring Matters: Valuing Inexperience--Using Collegial Language to Support Novices.

both improbable and laughable now, but at the time, it was one more challenge to my effort to form my identity as a bona fide teacher. We certainly cannot control for errors in perception; but when we recognize a student teacher or beginning teacher, we can take care not to emphasize and remark on the newcomer's youth and inexpe rience, as if these factors define entirely who the person is. Deborah Bieler cautions us about how the
Development and model of health education and health promotion for schistosomiasis control in mountainous and hilly endemic areas

Transmission control and interruption of schistosomiasis has been gradually achieved in the mountainous and hilly endemic areas with the implementation of the schistosomiasis control programmes, which are moving towards the progress of schistosomiasis elimination. As an important measure of schistosomiasis control, health education is experiencing new challenges and problems in the new situation, and conventional health education of schistosomiasis control has already failed to meet the needs of socioeconomic and cultural development and the increasing changes of human production and life styles in the endemic areas. Therefore, a precision health education model for schistosomiasis control is of great need to be established to highly effectively promote the implementation of schistosomiasis control measures. This review summarizes the important role of health education in schistosomiasis control in mountainous and hilly endemic areas, and describes the new health education model based on optimization of the policy environment and creation of the community atmosphere according to the changes in the endemic situation of schistosomiasis and requirements of the schistosomiasis control target, so as to promote the precision and sustainable implementation of health education and health promotion in schistosomiasis control.
Patent Foramen Ovale in Fetal Life, Infancy and Childhood

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common, incidental echocardiographic finding in otherwise healthy and asymptomatic infants and children. However, a variety of clinical conditions have been ascribed to the presence of a PFO in childhood, such as cryptogenic stroke, platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome, decompression sickness and migraine, although the data on these are controversial and sometimes contradictory. This review discusses embryology and correlation with post-natal anatomy, anatomical variations of the atrial septum, diagnostic modalities in special circumstances of PFO associated clinical syndromes, and the role of PFO in congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure in children who require an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator or ventricular assist device as life support.
Childhood, Adolescent Sexual Education and Sexual Health Behavior Among Ohio State Students

Sexual health encompasses a wide range of behaviors that can be harmful or beneficial when considering holistic wellbeing. It is known to be affected by a number of demographic and behavioral factors, including ethnic background and religion as well as self-efficacy, but there is not much known about how educational experiences, especially as an adolescent, can affect sexual health behaviors in subsequent college years. This study examines the relationship between childhood and adolescent sexual health education and its effects on sexual health behavior as a college student. A non-randomized, convenience sample of approximately 300 Ohio State students was surveyed in order to elucidate this relationship. Correlation and chi square analyses were performed, and it was determined that sexual health education prior to high school graduation has a consistent, but small effect on the frequency of testing for sexually transmitted infections (STI’s), which are an important example of a protective sexual health behavior.