cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE BANDLIMITED AND BANDPASS LINEAR PREDICTION MODELS

A constructive method of proof is presented for the minimum-phase property of two important linear prediction models, i.e., the bandlimited and bandpass linear prediction models. A generic function...
Omental infarction--a mimicker of acute appendicitis in children.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to review the presenting features of pediatric patients found to have omental infarction with a normal appendix at surgery. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all patients with surgically proven omental infarction treated at KK Women's and Children's Hospital between May 1997 and January 2004. Results Twelve children (10 boys and 2 girls) were treated for primary omental infarction. The mean age was 9.0 ± 1.42 years. The mean weight was 41.3 ± 9.65 kg, with 6 (50%) above the 97th percentile and the remainder were between the 50th and 97th percentile. All 12 children presented with right-sided abdominal pain. At presentation, 9 had low-grade fever of 37.3°C or higher, with the maximum temperature recorded at 37.9°C. The mean total white blood cell count was 13.3 ± 2.66. Significant neutrophilia (relative percentage, >70%; absolute neutrophils, >8000) was noted in 9 children. Eight children underwent radiological imaging, which included ultrasonography (n = 3) and/or computed tomography (CT) (n = 7) of the abdomen. Preoperative diagnosis was made on 4 CT scans. Surgical resection resulted in immediate resolution of symptoms. Conclusion Omental infarction often mimics acute appendicitis preoperatively, although CT may be diagnostic. Surgical resection of the affected omentum expedites clinical recovery.
Splice junctions: association with variation in protein structure

A comparison between eukaryotic gene sequences and protein sequences of homologous enzymes from bacterial and mammalian organisms shows that intron-exon junctions frequently coincide with variable surface loops of the protein structures. The altered surface structures can account for functional differences among the members of a family. Sliding of the intron-exon junctions may constitute one mechanism for generating length polymorphisms and divergent sequences found in protein families. Since intron-exon junctions map to protein surfaces, the alterations mediated by sliding of these junctions can be effected without disrupting the stability of the protein core.
Insulin-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase underlie the cerebrovascular insulin resistance in obese rats

Hyperinsulinemia accompanying insulin resistance (IR) is an independent risk factor for stroke. The objective is to examine the cerebrovascular actions of insulin in Zucker obese (ZO) rats with IR and Zucker lean (ZL) control rats. Diameter measurements of cerebral arteries showed diminished insulin-induced vasodilation in ZO compared with ZL. Endothelial denudation revealed vasoconstriction to insulin that was greater in ZO compared with ZL. Nonspecific inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) paradoxically improved vasodilation in ZO. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), supplementation of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) precursor, and inhibition of neuronal NOS or NADPH oxidase or cyclooxygenase (COX) improved insulin-induced vasodilation in ZO. Immunoblot experiments revealed that insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt, endothelial NOS, and expression of GTP cyclohydrolase-I (GTP-CH) were diminished, but phosphorylation of PKC and ERK was enhanced in ZO arteries. Fluorescence studies showed increased ROS in ZO arteries in response to insulin that was sensitive to NOS inhibition and BH4 supplementation. Thus, a vicious cycle of abnormal insulin-induced ROS generation instigating NOS uncoupling leading to further ROS production underlies the cerebrovascular IR in ZO rats. In addition, decreased bioavailability and impaired synthesis of BH4 by GTP-CH induced by insulin promoted NOS uncoupling.
Compiler-directed channel allocation for saving power in on-chip networks

Increasing complexity in the communication patterns of embedded applications parallelized over multiple processing units makes it difficult to continue using the traditional bus-based on-chip communication techniques. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of compiler technology in reducing power consumption of applications designed for emerging multi processor, NoC (Network-on-Chip) based embedded systems. Specifically, we propose and evaluate a compiler-directed approach to NoC power management in the context of array-intensive applications, used frequently in embedded image/video processing. The unique characteristic of the compiler-based approach proposed in this paper is that it increases the idle periods of communication channels by reusing the same set of channels for as many communication messages as possible. The unused channels in this case take better advantage of the underlying power saving mechanism employed by the network architecture. However, this channel reuse optimization should be applied with care as it can hurt performance if two or more simultaneous communications are mapped onto the same set of channels. Therefore, the problem addressed in this paper is one of reducing the number of channels used to implement a set of communications without increasing the communication latency significantly. To test the effectiveness of our approach, we implemented it within an optimizing compiler and performed experiments using twelve application codes and a network simulation environment. Our experiments show that the proposed compiler-based approach is very successful in practice and works well under both hardware based and software based channel turn-off schemes.
Scan length optimization for pulmonary embolism at CT angiography: analysis based on the three-dimensional spatial distribution of 370 emboli in 100 patients.

Aim To determine the size and three-dimensional spatial distribution of pulmonary emboli (PE) at computed tomography angiography (CTA) to optimize the scan length. Materials and methods Two experienced radiologists jointly reviewed 100 consecutive, positive PE CTA studies performed in the Emergency Department (53 women; age 61 ± 17 years). All studies were conducted on a 16-detector row CT machine. In each case, the number of emboli was counted and the proximal and distal spatial coordinates of each embolus documented. Coordinates of the main pulmonary artery bifurcation (MPAb) and carina were recorded. For normalization, the thoracic cavity height (H)—from inlet to lowest hemidiaphragm—was measured. The minimal scan lengths for (a) capturing all emboli and (b) rendering a positive diagnosis were determined. Results Three hundred and seventy (370) emboli were detected. The average number of PE per patient was 3.7 (maximum 12, minimum 1). Their average length was 2.7 cm. Nine patients had saddle emboli (9%), and 71% of emboli were at or below the MPAb. An 18 cm (0.90×H) scan length, centred 4 cm (0.18×H) below the carina, captures all PE in this dataset while reducing z -axis coverage by 29% (34% for normalized data). Moreover, a 14.2 cm (0.78×H) scan length appropriately centred captures at least one embolus in all patients while reducing coverage by 44% (43%). Decreasing scan length to the lesser of 14.2 cm and 0.78×H per patient reduces coverage by 47%. Conclusion Scan length at CTA for PE can be reduced by up to 47% while preserving diagnostic accuracy for PE detection.
Study of pigment donation in vitro

Abstract 1. 1. Dissociated epidermis from human foreskin and from guinea pig ears explanted into Cruickshank chambers, in fluid medium. 2. 2. Time lapse photography of selected cultures was maintained for up to seven weeks. 3. 3. Four kinds of cells were observed: ( a ) melanocytes, ( b ) typical epidermal cells, ( c ) “fried egg cells”, ( d ) melanoblasts. 4. 4. Epidermal cells divided as frequently as every 12–16 h, formed sheets, and seemed to keratinice, albeit abnormally. 5. 5. Melanocytes also divided. 6. 6. Melanocytes and Malpighian cells establised normal relationship and pigment donation was observed. 7. 7. Unpigmented cells often not dendritic in form became also pigment-producing and dendritic.
Characterization of fluid flow velocity by optical Doppler tomography

The spatial profiles of fluid flow velocity in transparent glass and turbid collagen conduits are measured by optical Doppler tomography (ODT). The flow velocity at a discrete user-specified spatial location in the conduit is determined by measurement of the Doppler shift of backscattered light from microspheres suspended in the flowing fluid. Experimental data and theoretical calculations are in excellent agreement. ODT is an accurate method for the characterization of high-resolution fluid flow velocity.
Treatment with Imatinib in NSCLC is associated with decrease of phosphorylated PDGFR-beta and VEGF expression, decrease in interstitial fluid pressure and improvement of oxygenation.

Elevated intratumoral interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and tumour hypoxia are independent predictive factors for poor survival and poor treatment response in cancer patients. However, the relationship between IFP and tumour hypoxia has not yet been clearly established. Preclinical studies have shown that lowering IFP improves treatment response to cytotoxic therapy. Interstitial fluid pressure can be reduced by inhibition of phosphorylated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (p-PDGFR-β), a tyrosine kinase receptor frequently overexpressed in cancer stroma, and/or by inhibition of VEGF, a growth factor commonly overexpressed in tumours overexpressing p-PDGFR-β. We hypothesised that Imatinib, a specific PDGFR-β inhibitor will, in addition to p-PDGFR-β inhibition, downregulate VEGF, decrease IFP and improve tumour oxygenation. A549 human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts overexpressing PDGFR-β were grown in nude mice. Tumour-bearing animals were randomised to control and treatment groups (Imatinib 50 mg kg−1 via gavage for 4 days). Interstitial fluid pressure was measured in both groups before and after treatment. EF5, a hypoxia marker, was administered 3 h before being killed. Tumours were sectioned and stained for p-PDGFR-β, VEGF and EF5 binding. Stained sections were viewed with a fluorescence microscope and image analysis was performed. Imatinib treatment resulted in significant reduction of p-PDGFR-β, VEGF and IFP. Tumour oxygenation was also significantly improved. This study shows that p-PDGFR-β-overexpressing tumours can be effectively treated with Imatinib to decrease tumour IFP. Importantly, this is the first study demonstrating that Imatinib treatment improves tumour oxygenation and downregulates tumour VEGF expression.
Political and economic influences on the bureaucratic allocation of federal funds: The case of Urban Development Action Grants

Abstract The distributive theory of politics predicts that federal budget allocations will be responsive to the committee position of congressmen and their majority/minority party status. But such political allocations are less likely where bureaucrats rather than legislators make the allocative decisions. In such cases we must take into account bureaucratic motivations as well. Niskanen's bureaucratic budget maximization theory emphasizes such bureaucratic maximands and the efficient production of output or activity by the budget constrained bureau. In this paper the two theories are tested using data from the Urban Development Action Grant program, a capital subsidy program operated by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. A set of political and bureaucratic decision criteria is employed as independent variables in a series of logit and Tobit models in order to predict the likelihood of projects being funded and the amounts they will receive. The political criteria are not significant in any specifications, but the bureaucratic criteria suggest an investment-maximizing, risk-avoidance strategy on the part of HUD bureaucrats. Thus the results support the Niskanen theory, but do not support the distributive theory.
Effect of gabapentin on the sensation and impact of tinnitus.

Objectives/Hypothesis: This study evaluated the effectiveness of gabapentin in treating chronic tinnitus in two populations: participants with tinnitus with associated acoustic trauma and participants with tinnitus without associated acoustic trauma. The hypothesis was that gabapentin would decrease both subjective and objective features of tinnitus in the trauma group but would be less effective in the nontrauma group. Study Design: Prospective, placebo-controlled, single-blind clinical trial. Methods: Pure-tone audiograms and personal histories were used to categorize tinnitus etiology as either secondary to acoustic trauma or not associated with acoustic trauma. Participants were restricted to those with moderate to severe tinnitus for at least 1 year. All participants received gabapentin in a graduated ascending-descending dose series extending over 20 weeks (peak dose of 2,400 mg/d). Results: There was a significant improvement in tinnitus annoyance for the trauma group (P = .05). Other subjective aspects of tinnitus were not significantly affected in either group. Between-subject variability of therapeutic response was considerable. Nevertheless, in consideration of subjective loudness ratings, 4 of 19 nontrauma participants and 6 of 20 trauma participants showed an improvement of 20% or better. In consideration ofpsychoacoustic loudness estimates, 3 of 19 nontrauma and 6 of 20 trauma participants showed an improvement of 20 dB HL or greater. Evenly dividing each group into high and low responders revealed significant improvement in loudness at 1,800 and 2,400 mg/day for the trauma high-response subgroup (P = .007). No significant improvement was obtained for other subgroups. Conclusion: Gabapentin is effective in reducing subjective and objective aspects of tinnitus in some individuals, with the best therapeutic response obtained in individuals with associated acoustic trauma.
Long-Range Antiferromagnetic Spin Correlations in Scandium Metal

Alloys of Sc with magnetic impurities show strong anomalies in the concentration dependence of the impurity interaction temperature. This is interpreted with exchange enhancement of the susceptibility of metallic Sc near a finite wave vector.
Non-parallel thermal instability of forced convection flow over a heated, non-isothermal horizontal flat plate

Abstract A linear, non-parallel flow model is employed to study the onset of longitudinal vortex instability in laminar forced convection flow over a heated horizontal flat plate with variable surface temperature, Tw(α)−T∞ = Aαn. In the analysis, the streamise dependence of the disturbance amplitude functions is taken into account. The resulting system of linearized disturbance equations for the amplitude functions constitutes an eigenvalue problem which is solved by a finite difference scheme along with Muller's shooting method. Neutral stability curves as well as the critical values for Grα/Reα3/2 and the corresponding critical wave numbers α* are presented for Prandl numbers 0.7 ⩽ Pr ⩽ 104 over a range of the exponent −0.5 ⩽ n ⩽ 1.0. For a given Prandtl number, thermal instability is found to decrease as the value of the exponent n increases. Also, for a given value of the exponent n, fluids with larger Prandtl numbers are found to exhibit less susceptibility to instability than fluids with lower Prandtl numbers. However, this latter trends existsfor Pr ⩽ 100. For Pr > 100, thitical values of Grα/Reα3/2 become essentially constant and independent of the Prandtl number. The results from the present non-parallel flow analysis are also compared with available analytical and experimental results from previous studies. The non-parallel flow analysis that accounts for the streamwise dependence of the amplitude functions is found to have a stabilizing effect as compared to the parallel flow analysis in which streamwise dependence of the disturbance is neglected.
An algorithm for conflict detection in dense traffic using ADS-B

In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for traffic situation awareness and alerting using ADS-B. The objective of the system is to alert pilots of incoming potential collisions or hazardous situations. The system, intended for all aircraft types, particularly targets General Aviation aircraft, as it should demonstrate high performance such as an early detection time and a low nuisance alert rate, in dense traffic conditions such as airport traffic patterns. The algorithm takes a deterministic approach to the collision avoidance problem. We define two buffer zones surrounding the target, or intruder, aircraft. The first, the Collision Airspace Zone (CAZ), has a constant size, which is based on uncertainties in position measurement for the ownship and the intruder. The second, the Protected Airspace Zone, is dynamic and is intended to reflect the distance pilots feel comfortable flying from other aircraft based on closure rate. We define two levels of alert based on the prediction of the buffer zones. A high level alert, based on CAZ penetration, indicates the potential of a mid-air collision. A medium level alert, based on PAZ penetration, warns the pilot that his aircraft may come in close proximity to another aircraft. Trajectory prediction is based on propagating constant turn rate, velocity and vertical velocity for both the target and ownship. Using an encounter model to evaluate the performance of the algorithm on representative traffic, we show that the trajectory propagation method outperforms the linear velocity propagation currently used by TCAS.
Resultant forces and angles of twist about the wrist after the ecrl to ecu tendon transfer

This paper describes an experimental investigation to determine the biomechanical efficacy of the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) to extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon transfer procedure used in rheumatoid hand reconstruction. Six normal cadaver specimens were tested in an apparatus that measured (a) the forces acting on the hand to restrain it in seven characteristic wrist configurations, and (b) the amount of hand pronation/supination that occurred as a result of loads applied to the tendons of the six major wrist muscles. Each specimen was tested with the ECRL tendon intact, surgically released, and transferred to the insertion point of ECU. In the intact and transferred states, the ECRL tendon was loaded sequentially while the remaining five wrist tendons were subjected to equal constant loads. In all three experimental ECRL test states, forces were also applied to all intact wrist tendons in a manner designed to represent physiologic load sharing. When the ECRL tendon was loaded sequentially, the transfer resulted in the predictable increase in the radially directed restraining force and the predictable supination of the hand relative to the forearm. When all intact tendons were loaded physiologically, the transfer also resulted in an increase in the radially directed restraining force. Significant differences between test states occurred generally only between the intact and release states of the ECRL tendon and not between release and transferred states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Truncation and use of model-coordinate data

The advantages and disadvantages of using global analyses on pressure level surfaces versus model (sigma or hybrid) level surfaces are explored. Model levels consist of a terrain-following coordinate in the lowest levels but may gradually transition to pressure with height. One major issue is that the model surface often does not correspond with the earth's real surface. Another is that a change in horizontal resolution is not well defined because the vertical coordinate also changes in the process. However, such changes are required as comparison of analyses from one center with another or with model output requires a common vertical coordinate. Also, a reduction from high resolution with 106 waves (T106 resolution) to a moderate resolution with, say, 42 waves (T42), so as to reduce the size of datasets by a factor of about 6, is often desirable. Another issue involves the meaning and use of time averages on model surfaces and their relationship to corresponding time averages on pressure surfaces. The traditional representation on constant pressure surfaces has much to recommend it and is widely used and familiar to the community, but suffers from errors arising from interpolation to the pressure surfaces and the need to properly treat regions of those surfaces that are below ground (in regions of high topography). Spectral truncation and resolution changes are well defined on pressure surfaces. Test results are presented for cases where T106 analyses on model surfaces are (1) transformed to pressure and then truncated, (2) truncated and then transformed to pressure levels, and (3) then compared at comparable resolutions. The differences arise mainly from the ill-posed truncation on model surfaces, but also from vertical interpolations. These tests are also applied to a heat budget calculation involving nonlinear terms for one month. However, the latter comparison also brings in considerations of how best to do time averaging. Fortunately, in practical terms, differences between time-averaging approaches are quite small and probably negligible for most purposes. Other results show that truncation on model surfaces from T106 to T42 produces errors considerably larger than vertical interpolation errors. However, truncation to T63 for heat budget computations produces more acceptable, although not inconsequential, truncation errors provided that only T31 waves are retained as reasonably accurate. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1995.t01-1-00001.x
Synaptic sequences in mouse SmI cortex involving pyramidal cells labeled by retrograde filling with horseradish peroxidase

A method combining anterograde degeneration and the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used to study synapses involving pyramidal cells in mouse SmI cortex. Neurons labeled with HRP are so well filled that even their finer processes, such as dendritic spines and axon collaterals, are clearly visible with both the light and electron microscopes. Results indicate that pyramidal cells projecting from SmI to ipsilateral MsI cortex receive thalamocortical input and have local axon collaterals which form asymmetrical synapses with spines and with varicose, non-spiny dendrites.
Displacement of Residual Gore-Tex Thyroplasty Implant Presenting as a True Vocal Fold Mass

Objectives:Describe the unique presentation and management of a patient with an ipsilateral true vocal fold mass following revision thyroplasty that was identified to have migration of residual Gore-Tex thyroplasty implant into the superficial lamina propria of the anterior true vocal fold.Methods:A single case of a patient who underwent revision type I thyroplasty after an unsuccessful attempt elsewhere using a Gore-Tex implant is reported. At the time of revision surgery, it was thought that all prior implant material was extricated, and the patient underwent revision type I thyroplasty using a carved silastic Netterville Implant with arytenoid adduction.Results:After initial improvement following the revision type I thyroplasty, the patient experienced deterioration of her voice. Indirect laryngeal examination revealed fullness on the superior surface of the right true vocal fold affecting mucosal wave and glottic closure. Microdirect laryngoscopy with endoscopic evaluation revealed migration of residu...
A Cognitive Model of CEO Dismissal: Understanding the Influence of Board Perceptions, Attributions and Efficacy Beliefs

Extant literature that examines the role of boards in the CEO dismissal process has focused on the impact of board composition. However, it has rarely considered the influence of sense making and interpretation on CEO dismissal. This paper draws on the strategic change literature, which demonstrates a link between cognitions and action, to develop a three-stage framework in which we articulate how sense making (stage 1) and interpretation (stage 2) impact the decision to dismiss a CEO (stage 3). More specifically, the board's perception of performance, its attributions of performance and efficacy assessment of the CEO, and the board's composition impact the decision to dismiss the CEO. The resulting model illuminates the domain of board cognitions and board composition within CEO dismissal decisions and facilitates future empirical research.
Detection of HIV-1 Dna in Cells and Tissue by Fluorescent in Situ 5′-Nuclease Assay (FISNA)

The critical aspects of successful in situ amplification include fixation, permeabilization, amplification and detection. We address these aspects and present a novel detection scheme that eliminates hybridization following amplification. We use the 5'-nuclease activity of Taq polymerase to cleave in situ a 5'-reporter dye from an oligonucleotide probe which hybridizes to the target amplicon during amplification. The 5'-reporter dye is disassociated from the 3'-quenching dye and remains localized by charge interactions. In addition, we describe probe design constraints for 5'-nuclease assays both in solution and in situ. Using this technique, we show the sensitive and specific detection of HIV-1 DNA in cells lines and tissue from HIV-1-infected individuals.
Teaching Gerontology in Counselor Education

ABSTRACT Mental health needs of older persons are projected to grow significantly over the course of the next years. Consequently, the need for training counselors to work with the aging population is presented. Addressed are 4 curriculum models, as well as areas of training related to geriatric counseling, that can be incorporated into counselor training programs. Finally, specific suggestions and procedures for counseling the elderly are included.
Observing on-road vehicle behavior: Issues, approaches, and perspectives

In this work, we review recent works comprising an emerging field of intelligent transportation: behavior analysis of vehicles. The ITS community has approached this topic both from vehicle-based and infrastructure-based sensing. In both cases, motion is the key indicator required for behavioral characterization, with accurate long-term prediction being the ultimate goal. However, the popular methods for behavior characterization differ between the sensing methodologies. Vehicle-based sensing tends to focus on spatio-temporal measurements coupled with various features for accurate estimation of object state. In contrast, infrastructure-sensing tends to avoid attempting high resolution estimation of vehicle state and prefers to utilize patterns learned in aggregate for constrained estimation. This review focuses on vision-based sensing and provides highlights of state-of-the art methods used in surveillance, and on-road vision modalities. We provide discussion and comment on future directions in the field.
Immunostimulation with muramyl dipeptide and its desmethyl analogue: studies of non-specific resistance to pulmonary blastomycosis in inbred mouse strains.

N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) protected against pulmonary blastomycosis when given prophylactically to BALB/c mice. Its desmethyl analogue (DM-MDP) had a similar effect. In C3H/HeJ, the effect was less marked. Early treatment after infection, with MDP and DM-MDP, had a modest effect in C3H/HeJ and BALB/c respectively, whereas late treatment had no effect in any mouse strain. No effect could be demonstrated with challenge sizes producing too lethal a model or minimal lethality, or in DBA/2J or young BALB/c mice. The effects in various strains do not correlate with differing effects on nonspecific immunostimulation in these strains. Immunostimulation with glycopeptides deserves further study in prophylaxis or therapy of fungal infection.
URINARY CONDUIT FORMATION USING A RETUBULARIZED BOWEL FROM CONTINENT URINARY DIVERSION OR INTESTINAL AUGMENTATIONS: II. DOES IT HAVE A ROLE IN PATIENTS WITH INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS?

ABSTRACTPurpose: Interstitial cystitis (IC) may require surgical treatment in a minority of patients in whom conservative treatment failed. This treatment includes enterocystoplasty (ECP), or continent or incontinent urinary diversion with or without cystourethrectomy. Patients with IC who underwent ECP or continent urinary diversion (CUD) occasionally have recurrent pain in the augmented bladder or continent pouch. In these patients a new ileal conduit is frequently constructed. Using part of the continent urinary diversion or bladder augmentation patch to make the ileal conduit has been reported. However, there may be some concern with performing the procedure in patients with IC because of the theoretical risk of continued pain in the converted ileal segment. We evaluated the role of conduit formation using retubularized bowel from ECP or CUD in patients with IC.Materials and Methods: A total of 11 patients with a mean age of 45 years underwent conduit formation using the augmentation patch of ECP or p...
Asymmetric information, optimal money growth targets, and fed secrecy in a monetary policy game

Abstract This paper analyzes the impact on inflation of requiring the monetary authority to announce money supply targets and punishing it for deviations from same. Two regimes are considered. In one, called the ex ante regime, the target is announced prior to the authority's obtaining information concerning relevant economic shocks. In the other, called the ex post regime, the announcement is made after the authority obtains relevant information and thus provides the public with data concerning the authority's private information. It is shown that the ex ante regime may dominate the ex post regime. This follows because an ex post regime may yield a higher mean inflation rate as the monetary authority attempts to exploit the relationship between its announcement and expected inflation.
Large-scale explicit computational structural mechanics applications in survivability and protective structures

Abstract Explicit time integration based finite element and finite difference numerical methods are a natural choice for many military applications related to Survivability and Protective Structures (SPS) research at the US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES), because stress waves and shock waves must be resolved accurately both in space and time. Analyses of large-scale applications using explicit codes with nonlinear constitutive relations are computationally very intensive. Hence, explicit software that takes advantage of multiple processor computers is a solution to efficiently solve practical problems with acceptable run times and memory requirements. This paper discusses early experiences with shared memory and distributed memory multiple processor computers in solving large-scale, nonlinear, practical Army applications using scalable CTH and ParaDyn explicit software. The status of current domain partitioning approaches used for CTH and ParaDyn is briefly discussed. Scalability of the software for solving practical applications is demonstrated, and one of the numerical simulations is compared with the experimental results.
Inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus replication by a novel l-nucleoside, 2′-fluoro-5-methyl-β-l-arabinofuranosyluracil

A novel L-nucleoside analog, 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-beta-L-arabinofuranosyluracil (L-FMAU), was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication. The decrease in the amount of viral production was concentration dependent with a 90% inhibitory concentration of approximately 5 muM. Upon removal of the drug from treated cells, virus production resumed in 21 days. Metabolism studies indicated that L-FMAU could be converted to its mono-,di- and triphosphate metabolites in both EBV producing and non-producing cells than in EBV non-producing cells. The mechanism of selectivity of L-FMAU against EBV producing cells. However, the amount of L-FMAU nucleotides formed was three times larger in EBV producing cells than in EBV non-producing cells. The mechanism of selectivity of L-FMAU against EBV does not appear to be due solely to the preferential phosphorylation of L-FMAU in EBV producing cells. The triphosphate of L-FMAU could not be utilized as a substrate by EBV DNA polymerase or the human DNA polymerases alpha, beta, gamma, or delta. Therefore, the incorporation of L-FMAU residues into viral DNA may not be the mechanism of antiviral activity. This compound appears to have a mechanism of action different from that of any other antiherpes virus nucleoside analogs. In addition, L-FMAU has very low cytotoxicity with 50% inhibition of cell growth occurring at a concentration of 1mM. Given the potent inhibitory activity of this compound against EBV and its inability to be incorporated into cellular DNA, L-FMAU analogs should be explored as a new class of anti-EBV agents.
American Childhood Football as a Possible Risk Factor for Cerebral Infarction

Three adolescent football players who had ischemic stroke associated with football practice and play are described. The literature on stroke associated with childhood sports and football in particular is reviewed, and the multiple mechanisms by which football can contribute to ischemic stroke are discussed.
Pathology of mosquito iridescent virus of Aedes taeniorhynchus in cell cultures of Aedes aegypti.

Abstract A bioassay of mosquito iridescent virus (MIV) of Aedes taeniorhynchus was developed using cell cultures of Aedes aegypti. The dilution end point technique was based on the occurrence of cytopathic effects which were optimum at 31°C. Peleg's A. aegypti cell line was more sensitive and reliable than Singh's A. aegypti cell line for infectivity titration of the “R” and “T” strains of MIV. The highest tissue culture infectivity dose 50s (TCID50) were elicited by virion:cell ratios of approximately 10. TCID50 titers were significantly reduced by virus neutralization with either homologous or heterologous antiserum to either RMIV or TMIV. The virus propagated in either cell line was not infectious to A. taeniorhynchus larvae, or to the respective cells from which the virus was produced. All plaque assay attempts were unsuccessful.
Batf3 deficiency is not critical for the generation of CD8α⁺ dendritic cells.

Recently, we have reported that CD8α+ DCs, rather than CD8+ T cells, are involved in the establishment and maintenance of HSV-1 latency in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of ocularly infected mice. In the current study, we investigated whether similar results can be obtained using Batf3−/− mice that previously were reported to lack CD8α+ DCs. However, our results demonstrate that Batf3−/− mice, without any known infection, express CD8α+ DCs. Consequently, due to the presence of CD8α+ DCs, no differences were detected in the level of HSV-1 latency between Batf3−/− mice compared with wild type control mice.
Carcinoma Metastatic to the Thyroid: Prevalence and Diagnosis by Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology

Although metastatic involvement of the thyroid is not commonly considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with a thyroid mass, such involvement may be more frequent than has been previously appreciated. To evaluate the prevalence of this disorder, all patients with thyroid nodules referred in a 12-month period underwent fine-needle aspiration, regardless of history or scan results. Seventy patients were studied, six of whom had a previous history of malignant disease. Two of the latter had coincidental thyroid disease, but four (5.7% of the total series) had carcinoma metastatic to the thyroid gland. Two of these patients had had no evidence of malignancy for years prior to the appearance of the thyroid metastases. In one case, the metastasis was a functioning nodule. Fine-needle aspiration cytology provided prompt and accurate diagnosis in all patients. We conclude that metastatic carcinoma to the thyroid is not rare, its presentation may be confused with primary thyroid disease, and fine-needle aspiration cytology is the procedure of choice in such cases, and should be done early in the evaluation of all patients with thyroid nodules, regardless of the presumed etiology or function by scan.
Association of a unique cardiovascular risk profile with outcomes in Hispanic patients referred for percutaneous coronary intervention (from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry).

Although previous studies have demonstrated that Hispanic patients have a higher cardiovascular risk profile than Caucasians and present at a younger age for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), limited studies exist examining the outcomes of Hispanics after PCI and potential explanations for differences noted. Using patients from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry waves 1 to 5 (1997 to 2006), demographic features, angiographic data, and 1-year outcomes of Hispanic patients (n = 542) versus Caucasian patients (n = 1,357) undergoing PCI were evaluated. Compared to Caucasians, Hispanic patients were younger and had more hypertension and diabetes mellitus, including more insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. Although mean lesion length was longer in Hispanics (15.4 vs 14.1 mm, p
EFFECT OF GUANIDINE ON RELEASE OF NORADRENALINE FROM THE PERFUSED SPLEEN OF THE CAT

Abstract 1 Guanidine increased noradrenaline (NA) output at 5 Hz by 3 to 6 fold, and doubled it at 30 Hz. Onset of maximum activity was slow, and reversal was also slow. Output of NA induced by potassium, sodium deprivation, or tyramine was not affected. 2 NA output was doubled at low concentrations (1 to 2 mM) of guanidine, but maximal effect was obtained at 4 mM. At 10 mM, spontaneous release was occasionally observed. 3 The effect of guanidine on NA release was related to the external calcium concentration. Outputs which previously have been shown to be insignificant at 5 Hz in 0.25 and 0.75 mM calcium-Krebs solution were markedly enhanced by guanidine. Guanidine enhanced release at all calcium concentrations up to 7.5 mM, but maximum output was obtained at 2.5 mM. 4 Guanidine had no effect on the recovery of intra-arterially infused NA. 5 The effects of guanidine and tetraethyl-ammonium (TEA) on NA release at 5 Hz were additive. 6 Guanidine reversed the inhibition of NA release by guanethidine during nerve stimulation at 5 and 10 Hz, and the NA output increased nearly 2.5 fold after repeated stimulation of the nerves. Guanidine was less effective in reversing the inhibitory effects of guanethidine on NA release at 30 Hz. 7 Guanidine did not affect release of catecholamines (CA) from the perfused cat adrenal gland by splanchnic nerve stimulation. 8 It is suggested that guanidine enhances NA release partly by increasing the influx of calcium into the neurone during an action potential, and also by interfering with intracellular binding of calcium.
Through the Years: A Longitudinal Study of Physical Education Teachers from a Research-Based Preparation Program

Abstract This study investigated factors that enhanced and constrained the career development of six teachers, who had graduated from the same university teacher education program, in their induction years (Woods & Earls, 1995) and again later in their career cycles. Three participants were physical education teachers (PETs), and three were former physical education teachers (FPETs). Fessler's (1985) Teacher Career Stage Model provided the theoretical framework. Data sources were: interviews with teachers and their teacher educators and direct observations of lessons. Results indicated that the PETs continued to have skill development as their primary teaching objective. The teachers maintained many of their teaching skills, and shifted between the career cycles of “competency building” and “enthusiastic and growing.” All three FPETs left their physical education positions during the career frustration stage and at the time of publication were in the career exit stage.
Further observations on the diphenylamine (DPA) reaction as an index of inflammation.

Abstract An outbreak of streptococcal infections among Navy Recruits afforded a study of 107 rheumatic fever cases in adults with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. These 107 cases, of whom at least 81 were associated with a streptococcal epidemic, and six children with acute rheumatic attacks, which occurred sporadically, were observed closely and treated with salicylates and/or cortisone. In addition to the routine blood tests, parallel DPA and CRP determinations were made on aliquots of blood samples taken at appropriate intervals. During the period of acute manifestations the four color determinations described in this report were positive. As the effects of treatment or spontaneous recovery became manifest, the CRP, and the purple color test (corrected DPA level as previously reported) reached normal. It was observed that the DPA determination, as read directly without correction, remained high for many weeks during convalescence. In fact, it was elevated in 133 instances after the CRP tests had indicated that inflammation had subsided. In most instances this DPA elevation was interpreted as indicating the presence of subclinical inflammation; in some instances it was the precursor of a frank rheumatic exacerbation. It is emphasized that an elevated DPA value does not necessarily indicate rheumatic fever but is only a reflection of inflammation. Nevertheless, the persistence of an elevated DPA value following a rheumatic attack, in the v absence of evidence of infection, may be interpreted as an expression of subclinical rheumatic inflammation. The possibility that the persistently elevated DPA level is a “false positive” cannot be excluded but seems unlikely. Although nonspecific, this test affords perhaps the most useful laboratory guide now available for the care of the rheumatic patient. For example, it is not subject to certain defects of the ESR. Furthermore, it provides a wide range of values in both good health (0.228 to 0.352) and during inflammation (0.352 to 0.930). Finally, it is an objective, accurate, quantitative measurement. When the DPA value has returned to normal, one can reasonably assume that rheumatic inflammation either has probably been completely suppressed by a drug or has spontaneously subsided. If the DPA persists at a high level after a rheumatic attack, one may reasonably assume that fresh rheumatic lesions, which may lead to heart damage, are occurring. If these observations and their interpretation be correct, treatment should be directed as early as possible in the rheumatic attack to provide a drug dosage adequate at least to suppress all inflammation as reflected by a prompt fall of the DPA value to a normal level. The need remains for a specific laboratory method which will provide an exact end point between activity and quiescence of the rheumatic state.
Therapy progress formulation as interventional assessment

Abstract The psychotherapy progress formulation, composed of systematic observation and theoretical conceptualization, can serve as an assessment of psychotherapy processes and outcomes. We developed a method for constructing a case formulation that is consonant with the humanistic goals that assessment procedures have treatment implications, include the client, and be interventional (therapeutic) for the client. The assessment procedure consists of three stages: (1) the therapist writes a therapy progress formulation and presents it to the client and (2) the therapist devotes a session to eliciting the client's responses to the formulation, and (3) the formulation is revised in accordance with the client's responses.
Dynamics of auxin movement in the gravistimulated leaf-sheath pulvinus of oat (Avena sativa)

The role of auxin redistribution in the graviresponse of the leaf-sheath pulvinus of oat was evaluated using H-3-indole-3-acetic acid (H-3-IAA) preloaded into isolated pulvini. Results obtained reveal that, while lateral transport of auxin occurs following gravistimulation, it is not necessary for a graviresponse. Localized changes in tissue responsiveness or the conversion of conjugated hormone to free hormone may suffice to drive the graviresponse.
Speech perception under conditions of spectral transformation. I. Phonetic characteristics.

Subjects learned to converse with each other when their speech had been spectrally rotated, such that high-frequency energy became low-frequency and vice versa. This transformation destroyed the in...
LiMOB, an Unsymmetrical Nonaromatic Orthoborate Salt for Nonaqueous Solution Electrochemical Applications

Synthesis, characterization, ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and lithium-ion transport number of an asymmetric version of the successful orthoborate lithium salt lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), are described. The salt, lithium (malonato oxalato) borate (LiMOB), is thermally stable up to 273°C. It is poorly soluble in common organic solvents such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dimethyl carbonate, and propylene carbonate, but has moderate solubility in γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and high solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The 0.5 M solutions of LiMOB in GBL, DMSO, and DMF show high conductivities (5.0 X 10 -3 S cm -1 , 5.1 × 10 -3 S cm -1 , and 11.8 X 10 -3 S cm -1 at 25°C, respectively) relative to most 0.5 M nonaqueous solutions. Even the room temperature conductivity of the 0.08 M LiMOB-PC solution is close to 10 -3 S cm -1 . The conductivities of LiMOB solutions are close to those of LiBOB solutions, which has been demonstrated in recent studies to be a successful substitute for LiPF 6 in lithium-ion batteries. The cyclic voltammograms show that LiMOB solutions in PC and GBL have electrochemical stability as high as 4.3 V vs. Li + /Li. The lithium-ion transport number at room temperature for 0.5 M LiMOB in DMSO-d 6 was 0.36, obtained from self-diffusivity measurement by the pulsed field gradient spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The highest occupied molecular orbital energy, which is usually correlated with electrochemical stability has been calculated, and electrostatic potential maps for the new anion and its fluorinated derivatives are presented. They suggest that the fluorinated analogue of LiMOB should be more stable and more soluble, and may have unique properties.
Component-Oriented Monitoring of Binaries for Security

Security monitoring systems operate typically at the process level. Various authors have indicated that monitoring at a finer level of granularity than the process is highly desirable. In this paper, we introduce COMB, a framework for imposing policies to confine the behavior of applications. Unlike previous approaches, our technique is applied per component (functions, libraries, and/or plugins) while requiring only the availability of the binary executable form of the program. To demonstrate the feasibility of COMB, we report a case study on a real-world, representative program, the Firefox web browser. Two characteristics of Firefox permit possibly untrusted code to be executed. First, it provides an extensible architecture to allow third-party developers to extend its functionality, and second it makes use of more than 150 external libraries. Using a simple system-call monitoring policy applied to Firefox plugins, we show that COMB can provide protection with reasonable overhead.