cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of static and dynamic compression on meniscal cell gene expression

Cells of the meniscus are exposed to a wide range of time-varying mechanical stimuli that may regulate their metabolic activity in vivo. In this study, the biological response of the meniscus to compressive stimuli was evaluated in vitro, using a well-controlled explant culture system. Gene expression for relevant extracellular matrix proteins was quantified using real-time RT-PCR following a 24 h period of applied static (0.1 MPa compressive stress) or dynamic compression (0.08-0.16 MPa). Static and dynamic compression were found to differentially regulate mRNA levels for specific proteins of the extracellular matrix. Decreased mRNA levels were observed for decorin ( approximately 2.1 fold-difference) and type II collagen ( approximately 4.0 fold-difference) following 24 h of dynamic compression. Decorin mRNA levels also decreased following static compression ( approximately 4.5 fold-difference), as did mRNA levels for both types I ( approximately 3.3 fold-difference) and II collagen ( approximately 4.0 fold-difference). Following either static or dynamic compression, mRNA levels for aggrecan, biglycan and cytoskeletal proteins were unchanged. It is noteworthy that static compression was associated with a 2.6 fold-increase in mRNA levels for collagenase, or MMP-1, suggesting that the homeostatic balance between collagen biosynthesis and catabolism was altered by the mechanical stimuli. These findings demonstrate that the biosynthetic response of the meniscus to compression is regulated, in part, at the transcriptional level and that transcription of types I and II collagen as well as decorin may be regulated by common mechanical stimuli.
Coordination structure and system restrictiveness in distributed group support systems: an experiment on coordination mode and leadership

This study examines coordination processes in Distributed Group Support Systems. A 2/spl times/2 factorial design was used to investigate coordination mode and group leadership in an asynchronous environment, as a means of exploring the impact of restrictiveness of coordination structures on group performance. Objective decision quality was equal for both parallel and sequential coordination groups, but was significantly better in groups with a leader. Perceived decision quality was better in parallel coordination groups than sequential groups. Satisfaction with a decision process was higher in parallel coordination groups and groups with a leader. The study concludes that less restrictive coordination structures are more appropriate to support asynchronously interacting distributed groups.
Drug induced periarticular thenar erythema with onycholysis related to nano-albumin bound paclitaxel therapy

Abstract Introduction A rather rare hypersensitivity reaction, periarticular thenar erythema with onycholysis (PATEO) syndrome, has been associated with the taxane class. To date, only docetaxel and paclitaxel have been associated with PATEO. This current case is highly suggestive of an association of nab-paclitaxel with PATEO. Presentation of case A 48 year-old female receiving first-line systemic therapy using nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-Paclitaxel) for metastatic breast cancer developed a dark erythema on the dorsal surface of both hands and excoriation of the skin of the palmar surfaces of both hands which worsened despite continuing daily topical triamcinolone 0.1% ointment. Skin tightness, along with significant pain, resulted in difficulty ambulating. The rash was diagnosed as PATEO by the Dermatology consult service. Hydrocortisone 2.5% cream applied twice daily and mupirocin 2% cream applied three times daily was prescribed and subsequently nab-paclitaxel was discontinued. Discussion PATEO is clinically distinct from traditional palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (hand foot syndrome) associated with anthracyclines, antimetabolites, or multikinase inhibitors with unique clinical manifestations. The erythema in PATEO appears on the dorsum of the hand as opposed to the palmar surface and around the metacarpal joints. In addition, the thenar eminence and periarticular area of the Achilles tendon are often involved with erythema and violaceous plaques which may blister. Nail changes including discoloration, paronychia, onycholysis and exudation are observed in more severe cases. Conclusion This case study suggests PATEO may also be induced by the taxane molecule in the protein bound formulation and may be a risk for all patients receiving taxane therapies.
Comorbid illnesses and health care utilization among Medicare beneficiaries with lung cancer.

Abstract We evaluated the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) with outcomes in a 5% Medicare sample of 4447 elderly beneficiaries with lung cancer. Twenty-nine percent of patients had COPD and 13% had CHF. Patients with COPD or CHF had significantly decreased survival (hazard ratios 1.14 (1.05–1.25) and 1.38 (1.18–1.62), respectively); most of this differential was within 2 months after diagnosis. Patients with COPD or CHF were significantly less likely to receive surgery or chemotherapy than patients with neither COPD nor CHF. The association with less chemotherapy was similar in patients with the highest probability of surviving more than 2 months after the cancer diagnosis. In Medicare beneficiaries with lung cancer, COPD and CHF were common and were associated with both short-term mortality and decreased use of cancer treatments. Accounting for these two comorbid illnesses is important in evaluating health care utilization in this population.
Case and the ECP revisited: reply to Kellerman and Yoshioka (1999)

Kellerman and Yoshioka (1999) report the results of three studies on case drop in Japanese involving Dutch-speaking L2 learners. They claim that contra Kanno (1996 and 1998), there was no evidence that their subjects have access to the Empty Category Principle (ECP), which is claimed to regulate the omission of case particles in Japanese. In its place, they propose an alternative functional account: the one-noun hypothesis. Kellerman and Yoshioka point to the availability of Japanese in Hawaii (where Kanno's studies took place) as the source for the ‘inter-population intra-principle’ inconsistency between their study and hers. This paper re-examines their results and argues that they do not undermine the ECP hypothesis. In support of Kanno (1996 and 1998), this paper also presents the results of a new experiment and a reanalysis of Hirakawa's (1998) study.
Older Adults' Views About "Managing Your Medications" Booklet

The objectives were to evaluate Managing Your Medications (MYM) booklet to improve medication management. Mailed packets, including MYM booklet and 4-page survey assessing comprehensibility, communicative effectiveness, and usefulness, were sent to a random sample of 250 older adults. The survey included perceptions of booklet, how to disseminate, and respondent's health history. Descriptive statistics were used, and individuals were stratified by number of prescription medications and whether they reported side effects. A 59.6% response rate was obtained. The readability was Grade 8. Older adults reported it was comprehensible and 17% reported behavioral intentions to change their current actions regarding medications. Overall, 12.7% of respondents agreed that MYM changed their opinion of the topic. The most popular means to disseminate were doctors' offices and senior citizens' centers. Most older adults indicated the MYM booklet was readable, comprehensible, and would generate some behavior change regarding medication management.
Toward a physically plausible upper bound of sea-level rise projections

Anthropogenic sea-level rise (SLR) causes considerable risks. Designing a sound SLR risk-management strategy requires careful consideration of decision-relevant uncertainties such as the reasonable upper bound of future SLR. The recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment reported a likely upper SLR bound in the year 2100 near 0.6 m (meter). More recent studies considering semi-empirical modeling approaches and kinematic constraints on glacial melting suggest a reasonable 2100 SLR upper bound of approximately 2 m. These recent studies have broken important new ground, but they largely neglect uncertainties surrounding thermal expansion (thermosteric SLR) and/or observational constraints on ocean heat uptake. Here we quantify the effects of key parametric uncertainties and observational constraints on thermosteric SLR projections using an Earth system model with a dynamic three-dimensional ocean, which provides a mechanistic representation of deep ocean processes and heat uptake. Considering these effects nearly doubles the contribution of thermosteric SLR compared to previous estimates and increases the reasonable upper bound of 2100 SLR projections by 0.25 m. As an illustrative example of the effect of overconfidence, we show how neglecting thermosteric uncertainty in projections of the SLR upper bound can considerably bias risk analysis and hence the design of adaptation strategies. For conditions close to the Port of Los Angeles, the 0.25 m increase in the reasonable upper bound can result in a flooding-risk increase by roughly three orders of magnitude. Results provide evidence that relatively minor underestimation of the upper bound of projected SLR can lead to major downward biases of future flooding risks.
Starvation-Induced Reproductive Isolation in Yeast

Speciation in eukaryotes is one of the central issues in evolutionary biology. Retrospective studies of existing species may not reveal the molecular events underlying speciation, as it is frequently impossible to distinguish changes which preceded speciation from those which happened after speciation has occurred. We propose a model for experimental speciation using a well-studied Eukaryotic organism, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and starvation as an agent of speciation. Starvation can be viewed as a general and widespread consequence of catastrophic environmental change that leads to a decrease in survival or reproductive success. We find that yeast populations subjected to a month-long starvation exhibit a drastic increase in genomic rearrangements compared with a modest increase in point mutation. We subsequently find that starved yeast populations become reproductively isolated from their ancestor, which we attribute to chromosomal abnormalities in the starved clones’ genomes. Our model provides direct molecular evidence – that speciation can rapidly occur without the precondition of geographic separation or divergent selection.
Jeffreys, Sir Harold (1891–1989)

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 12, pp. 7960–7963, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Retracted article – Experimental study on dynamic deformation of free surface under surrounding gas flow

This article has been formally withdrawn on ethical grounds because it contains an instance of plagiarism. It should not be cited or referred to in the future. Request approved by the Publisher on March 15, 2016.
Can Fee Disclosure Be Trusted

Our survey and statistical analyses of company fee data suggest that fee disclosures are not prepared consistently and are not without bias. If fee disclosures cannot be trusted, what is the value of the fee disclosure mandates?
Corrosion and Hydrogen Permeation Studies in Metal Alloy Films

The deposition of metal alloy films usually leads to non-equilibrium structures that have significantly different properties from the bulk equilibrium phases of the same composition. We describe studies relating to the preparation, structure and some chemical properties of selected binary transition metal alloy films. The principal method of preparation is by planar magnetron sputter deposition. A number of experimental methods are used to characterize the composition and structure of the films, with particular focus on distinguishing amorphous from crystalline structures. The passive properties are established with electrochemical methods and the hydrogen behavior is established with an electrochemical double cell method. Significant differences between the amorphous and the crystallized structure are observed in the passive behavior, the hydrogen solubility, and the hydrogen diffusivity. These observations are correlated with the structure and microstructure of the alloy.
Effects of Differing Prepuberty Exercise Programs on the Emotionality of Male Albino Rats

Abstract The problem under investigation in this study was to determine if differing programs of prepuberty exercise had any effect upon the emotionality of male albino rats at puberty. The subjects were 48 male albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain who were subjected to a 35-day training program under conditions of sedentary existence, voluntary exercise, or forced exercise. At the end of the experimental period the animals were tested in an open field marked into 49 consecutively numbered 7 1/2-in. squares. Emotionality in the open field was determined by two methods: (a) the total number of squares traversed by an animal in 5 min., and (b) the total number of squares traversed by an animal toward the center of the field. The relationship between exploratory behavior and emotionality is considered to be an inverse one, that is, the more exploratory the behavior, the less emotionality the animal exhibits. The results indicated that the animals which had been subjected to the forced exercise regimen tr...
GENETIC VARIATION IN TRIDACNA MAXIMA, AN ECOLOGICAL ANALOG OF SOME UNSUCCESSFUL EVOLUTIONARY LINEAGES.

The adaptive strategies of populations are very important elements in the ecological structure of the biosphere. By adaptive strategy is meant a suite of population parameters that is adaptive to the temporal and spatial structure and variability of an environmental regime (see Levins, 1968). In any given range of environments, communities will tend to be composed of species with the particular set of strategies appropriate to the regime. Thus the structure and function of community and of provincial ecosystems reflect to a considerable extent the properties of the environment, varying in such factors as species diversity, pattern of trophic linkages, and proportion of consumers vs. recuperators. The extent to which Mendelian populations follow genetic strategies that contribute importantly to their overall adaptive strategies is still an open question. Adaptive strategies are simply the products of the evolution of a variety of parameters along adaptive pathways that lead to harmonious, advantageous assemblages of population characteristics in a given range of environmental regimes. It seems reasonable that the genetic system itself, which influences the pattern of reproduction, of recombination, and of functional variation in important ways, should reflect population features so that characteristic genetic systems might be favored in certain environmental regimes. Theoretical suggestions to this effect have been made by Carson (1960), Levins (1968), Grassle (1967), Bretsky and Lorenz (1969, 1970) and others. In the fossil record, which is bestpreserved in shallow marine sediments, it is possible to infer changing sequences of adaptive strategies in communities, in provinces, and at times in the entire marine biosphere, presumably in response to important changes in the ancient shallow marine environments (Valentine and Moores, 1970, 1972; Valentine, in press). At times these changes are associated with major waves of extinction, which have swept away high proportions of the marine biota episodically (Newell, 1952, 1956, 1967; Harland et al., 1967; Valentine, 1969). Hypotheses to account for these extinctions are legion, ranging from reliance on occasional extraterrestrial catastrophes to the regular operation of ecological diversity regulators such as are at work today. One current hypothesis is that the extinctions result from the failure of genetic strategies to meet population requirements in changing environments. This hypothesis has far-reaching implications and has stimulated the research on which this report is based.
Minorities and Women in Sociology in the Pacific Region: A Comment on the Five-Year Follow-up Study

In commenting on the results of the five-year follow-up study of minorities and women in sociology in the Pacific region, policy considerations and research needs are cited. The need for regular sy...
Spectral tuning of ultraviolet cone pigments: an interhelical lock mechanism.

Ultraviolet (UV) cone pigments can provide insights into the molecular evolution of vertebrate vision since they are nearer to ancestral pigments than the dim-light rod photoreceptor rhodopsin. While visible-absorbing pigments contain an 11-cis retinyl chromophore with a protonated Schiff-base (PSB11), UV pigments uniquely contain an unprotonated Schiff-base (USB11). Upon F86Y mutation in model UV pigments, both the USB11 and PSB11 forms of the chromophore are found to coexist at physiological pH. The origin of this intriguing equilibrium remains to be understood at the molecular level. Here, we address this phenomenon and the role of the USB11 environment in spectral tuning by combining mutagenesis studies with spectroscopic (UV–vis) and theoretical [DFT-QM/MM (SORCI+Q//B3LYP/6-31G(d): Amber96)] analysis. We compare structural models of the wild-type (WT), F86Y, S90A and S90C mutants of Siberian hamster ultraviolet (SHUV) cone pigment to explore structural rearrangements that stabilize USB11 over PSB11. ...
Canal Zone Biological Area

CLOSE by the western side of the Panama Canal and about midway of the Isthmus lies Barro Colorado Island, better known to many scientists as the Canal Zone Biological Area. Formerly it was a hill bordering the Chagres River Valley, but the filling of Gatun Lake inundated its lower slopes until only the top, a small island, remained. In 1923 this island was reserved for scientific purposes by Governor J. J. Morrow. It was first administered by the Institute for Research in Tropical America, then an agency affiliated with the National Research Council. In 1940 Congress authorized the setting aside of an area within the Canal Zone to preserve the natural features for scientific study, and this gave permanence to the Biological Area. The sum of $10,000 was authorized for expenses connected with administering and maintaining the Island and its facilities, but funds were not appropriated. In 1946, by a Presidential reorganization order, the Canal Zone Biological Area became a bureau under the administration of the Smithsonian Institution.
Interval Prediction of Molecular Properties in Parametrized Quantum Chemistry

The accurate evaluation of molecular properties lies at the core of predictive physical models. Most reliable quantum-chemical calculations are limited to smaller molecular systems while purely empirical approaches are limited in accuracy and reliability. A promising approach is to employ a quantum-mechanical formalism with simplifications and to compensate for the latter with parametrization. We propose a strategy of directly predicting the uncertainty interval for a property of interest, based on training\penalty1000-\hskip0ptdata uncertainties, which sidesteps the need for an optimum set of parameters.
Symbiotic Algæ of Corals

I HAVE read Capt. A. K. Totton's letter and also Dr. J. Verwey's recently published paper1 with the greatest interest. There can be little doubt that where reef corals grow in still water the oxygen produced by their zooxanthellae may be of vital importance to them. Though here it must always be borne in mind that were not the zooxanthellae present their place would be taken by a much more abundant phytoplankton continually producing oxygen in the water round about. But still water is seldom found (except during short periods of summer calms, and even then currents and up welling continue) on the outer slopes of fringing and barrier reefs or of atolls, which are the essential areas of coral growth. In the case of the last two, indeed, which rise abruptly from deep water, there is frequently an upwelling of oxygenated water from deep waters as well as the continual agitation by the surf near the surface.
Drug waste in long-term care facilities: impact of drug distribution system

The incidence and cost of drug waste in a long-term care facility (LTCF) were compared for a unit dose and a traditional (30-day card) distribution system. Drug records for 74 LTCF patients were reviewed retrospectively to determine the number of drugs ordered and doses dispensed during a four-month period via a unit dose distribution system. Based on the same drug orders, the number of doses that would have been dispensed with a 30-day card system was projected. The drug costs and wastage costs for the two distribution systems were compared. The mean number of drugs ordered per patient was 5.86. differences between the two systems, mean number of doses dispensed per order, and their average cost per drug order were not statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Of the total number of doses that would have been dispensed via the 30-day card system, 12.98% would have been wasted, representing 13.07% of the total drug costs. Because the unit dose system eliminates the drug wastage associated with a 30-day card system, it has a positive impact on LTCF drug costs.
Multilocular cystic renal adenocarcinoma arising in a solitary kidney.

AbstractSince the first recorded case of multilocular cyst of the kidney in 1892 there have been more than 65 cases reported in the English literature, including 5 cases of multilocular cyst associated with renal cell carcinoma. At least 2 patients have had cyst removal without nephrectomy. We present the second case of in vivo removal of a multilocular cyst in a solitary kidney and the only such case with an associated renal cell carcinoma.
How climate change affects plants' sex lives

Climate change affects wild plant species across their geographical ranges. Studies at the margins of species' ranges reveal upslope expansion, low-elevation range contraction, and, in some cases, a lack of geographic response to climate change ( 1 ). However, all populations, including those in the core of species' ranges, are subject to climate-driven natural selection that promotes adaptation to a warmer world ( 2 ). Theoretical models show that coupled spatial and temporal responses of populations can mediate the negative effects of climate change ( 3 , 4 ), but it remains unclear whether these processes can occur fast enough to rescue populations from extinction ( 5 ). On page 69 of this issue, Petry et al. ( 6 ) report rapid spatial and temporal change in plant sex ratios in response to changing climatic conditions. These changes could facilitate geographic range shifts in the montane perennial herb valerian ( Valeriana edulis ).
The Patient with Unusual Demands

Mr. Twain is a 46 year-old man with hidradenitis suppurativa that has not been active for the last year. At his last follow-up 3 months ago, he reported groin pain in spite of a benign physical exam. Today his chief concern is again pain: “Doctor, I have been aching in my armpits a lot recently. I haven’t seen any boils and bumps in these areas, but I keep feeling the pain. It’s worse at night when I try to go to sleep.”
Overexpression of hexokinase II increases insulinand exercise-stimulated muscle glucose uptake in vivo

The hypothesis of this investigation was that glucose uptake would be increased in skeletal muscle of transgenic mice (TG) overexpressing hexokinase II (HK II) compared with their nontransgenic lit...
Population-Attributable Risk Percentages for Racialized Risk Environments

Research about relationships between place characteristics and racial/ethnic inequities in health has largely ignored conceptual advances about race and place within the discipline of geography.Research has also almost exclusively quantified these relationships using effect estimates (e.g., odds ratios), statistics that fail to adequately capture the full impact of place characteristics on inequities and thus undermine our ability to translate research into action.We draw on geography to further develop the concept of “racialized risk environments,” and we argue for the routine calculation of race/ethnicity-specific population-attributable risk percentages.
Adolescent Volume Conservation Abilities: A Comparison of Three Tests.

This study was conducted to test adolescent female students (mean age 19.7 years) on three different tests of volume conservation in order to determine whether the procedure used had an effect on t...
Gum Arabic-Chitosan Composite Biopolymer Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Biopolymer composites are a very promising area for developing novel tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds. Chitosan is known to have a variety of properties that make it suitable for TE applications due to its biocompatible, antibacterial, and biodegradable nature. Gum Arabic (GA) is a natural biopolymer that is incorporated into a number of food products. This study reports a biopolymer composite synthesized by mixing GA with Chitosan in amounts ranging from 0-90 wt% GA. The addition of GA caused a marked increase in the weight gain due to water uptake. 100% chitosan films gained approximately 50 wt% on aging in water while 17 wt% chitosan-83 wt% GA films gained over 250 wt% due to water absorption. Thermogravimetric (TGA) and Carbon-Hydrogen-Nitrogen (CHN) elemental analysis were used as techniques to characterize the material. MC3T3-E1 mouse pre-osteoblast cells were used in an initial assessment of the suitability of these scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was used as a method to characterize the films in vitro. The cells initially adhered to the composite films and exhibited minimal toxicity, but gradually started to detach from the films after one week.
A 1.4mW 8b 350MS/s loop-unrolled SAR ADC with background offset calibration in 40nm CMOS

A divide-and-conquer approach to address comparator offset mismatch in loop-unrolled SAR ADC is presented. Redundancy and coarse foreground calibration mitigate MSB comparators offset mismatches. A novel background calibration loop matches LSB comparators offsets to a reference comparator. The proposed scheme avoids a dedicated calibration cycle that would slow down conversion. Additionally, it ensures input common mode voltage tracking for each comparator during both calibration and normal operation, without requiring external inputs or special DAC configuration. This enabled the use of a simple bidirectional single-side switching scheme to eliminate switching logic which further boosts speed and reduces switching power. An 8b prototype ADC achieves 45dB SNDR and a Nyquist FOM of 31.3fJ/conv-step at 350MS/s in 40nm CMOS.
Endoscopic Treatment of Urethral Stenosis

Urethral stricture disease continues to be a common problem for patients and urologists alike. Endoscopic treatment offers a simple, potentially effective treatment of primary, short, urethral strictures. For patients who recur after endoscopic management, urethral or bladder neck reconstruction should be offered with an experienced urologic reconstructionist familiar with the complexity of the situation and subtleties of the surgery. With the advent of adjunctive antifibrotic agents the durability of endoscopic repair seems to improve, but their use requires continued research and longer follow-up to determine their efficacy.
Platelet/Megakaryocyte PKC-Θ Is a Transcriptional Target of RUNX1/ CBFA2: Studies in Human RUNX1 Haplodeficiency.

Abstract Protein kinase C Θ (PKC-Θ) is an important signaling molecule and regulates platelet responses to activation including aggregation and secretion. In a patient with lifelong thrombocytopenia, impaired platelet aggregation and secretion, we have shown (Gabbeta et al 1996, Blood 87:1368–1376) that phosphorylation of pleckstrin (a PKC substrate) and myosin light chain (MLC) is impaired along with diminished GPIIb-IIIa activation. Platelet protein and mRNA levels of PKC-Θ were decreased with normal levels of other PKC isozymes. These findings were associated with a heterozygous nonsense mutation in transcription factor RUNX1 (also known as CBFA2 or AML1) (Sun et al 2004, Blood 103:948–54). RUNX1 is transcription factor that plays a major role in megakaryopoiesis, megakaryocytic maturation, and platelet production. Haplodeficiency of RUNX1 has been associated with familial thrombocytopenia, impaired megakaryopoiesis, impaired platelet function and predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia. Because of the important role of PKC-Θ in platelet activation and of RUNX1 in hematopoiesis, we addressed the hypothesis that PKC-Θ is a direct transcriptional target of RUNX1. Studies were performed using human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24 h to induce megakaryocytic transformation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay using anti-RUNX1 antibody revealed RUNX1 binding to chromatin in the PKC-Θ 5' upstream region −1225/−1056 bp from ATG codon. This region includes a RUNX1 consensus binding site ACCGCA at −1081/−1076 bp identified by TFSEARCH. We performed electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) using 20-mer probe −1088/−1069 containing the RUNX1 site and nuclear extracts from PMA-treated HEL cells. Protein binding to the probe was observed, which was competed by excess unlabelled probe, and anti-RUNX1 antibody inhibited this binding, indicating that RUNX1 was involved in the DNA binding. Moreover, protein binding to the wild type probe was not competed by an oligo with 4 nucleotides deleted from the RUNX1 consensus site. To determine the functional relevance of RUNX1 binding to PKC-Θ, transient transfections were performed in HEL cells with luciferase reporter constructs. The full length construct −1085/−206 showed ~14-fold activity compared to empty vector. A mutant construct with deletion of the RUNX1 site resulted in a ~50% decrease in activity indicating that the site was functional. siRNA-mediated knockdown of RUNX1 in HEL cells was associated with a decrease in both RUNX1 and PKC-Θ protein. Conclusion: These results and our findings in the patient provide the first evidence that PKC-Θ gene transcription in the megakaryocyte/platelet is regulated by RUNX1. They provide a cogent mechanism for the platelet PKC-Θ downregulation associated with RUNX1 haplodeficiency in our patient. RUNX1 dysregulation of PKC-Θ in megakaryocytic cells is an important aspect of the abnormal platelet function and production associated with human RUNX1 mutations.
The school psychologist as manager of programming for ADHD.

The school psychologist is uniquely positioned to provide services to children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). School psychologists can readily utilize naturalistic methods of...
Host seeking parasitic nematodes use specific odors to assess host resources.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are insect parasites used as biological control agents. Free-living infective juveniles (IJs) of EPNs employ host-seeking behaviors to locate suitable hosts for infection. We found that EPNs can differentiate between naive and infected hosts, and that host attractiveness changes over time in a species-specific manner. We used solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify volatile chemical cues that may relay information about a potential host’s infection status and resource availability. Among the chemicals identified from the headspace of infected hosts, 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol (prenol) and 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone (AMC) were selected for further behavioral assays due to their temporal correlation with the behavioral changes of IJs towards the infected hosts. Both compounds were repulsive to IJs of Steinernema glaseri and S. riobrave in a dose-dependent manner when applied on an agar substrate. Furthermore, the repulsive effects of prenol were maintained when co-presented with the uninfected host odors, overriding attraction to uninfected hosts. Prenol was attractive to dauers of some free-living nematodes and insect larvae. These data suggest that host-associated chemical cues may have several implications in EPN biology, not only as signals for avoidance and dispersal of conspecifics, but also as attractants for new potential hosts.
Ambiguous collision outcomes and sliding with infinite friction in models of legged systems

This work explores the collision process at foot contact in models of legged robots. In particular, we highlight that for legged systems the widely used assumption of no sliding of the contact poin...
Resources for Place Name Analysis

We present a new resource for annotating and visualizing the meaning of place names in natural language text, along with insights gained from analysis of manual annotations. The work addresses the issue of place name (toponym) meaning resolution, moving beyond simple named entity recognition to address the problem of grounding textual references, i.e., making a connection between the references and the real-world entities that they denote. The name, “San Francisco,” for example, can be mapped to more than 900 distinct place entities that differ in terms of location and/or type, according to commonly available databases of named geographical entities, called gazetteers. Gazetteers serve as knowledge bases that can be exploited to support the analysis and disambiguation of named places, and the grounding of textual references in real-world entities. This process of grounding text in gazetteers offers a way of normalizing the meaning of the place name references that are found in the gazetteers, and essentially subsumes the text analysis process of determining when instances of a given name are being used to refer to the same or to different entities.
Substrate Integrated E-Plane Waveguide (SIEW) to Design E-Plane and Dual Polarized Devices

Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) uses rows of plated through holes to emulate the intact vertical walls of a waveguide circuit. It succeeds in the design of H-plane circuits but not the E-plane circuits because an E-plane circuit requires longitudinal current on the vertical walls that is not supported by SIW. In this paper, a novel substrate-integrated E-plane waveguide (SIEW) is presented. In SIEW, additional copper strips are inserted at the middle layer of the structure while the copper plated through holes remain unchanged. Consequently, the vertical current flows on the through holes and the longitudinal current flows along the middle strips to meet the wave propagation requirement in the E-plane waveguide circuit. The insertion loss, cutoff frequency, and propagation constant of the SIEW are investigated. As examples, an empty SIEW, a bandpass septum SIEW filter, and a dual-polarized SIEW horn antenna are designed using the SIEW technique. All of them are constructed and their performance is measured to validate the design.
Improving Diagnosis Resolution and Performance at High Compression Ratios

Recent innovations in Test Compression are enabling implementation of very high compression ratios. This paper analyzes the impact of high compression on resolution and performance of conventional diagnosis methods. The diagnosis resolution is observed to be unaffected by increasing the compression ratio if there are sufficient failures and patterns. However, the diagnosis run times increase significantly, resulting in significant throughput issues in Layout-aware Volume Diagnosis. A new diagnosis approach is proposed for high compression modes that achieves best possible resolution with significant run time speedup. Experiments on large industrial designs show up to 4.7X speedup with no loss of diagnosis resolution.
Epigenetic bookmarking of H2S exposure in Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract Physiological memories of environmental stress can serve to predict future environmental changes, allowing the organism to initiate protective mechanisms and survive. Although physiological memories, or bookmarks, of environmental stress have been described in a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to plants to humans, the mechanism by which these memories persist in the absence of stress is still largely unknown. We have discovered that C. elegans transiently exposed to low doses of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) survive subsequent exposure to otherwise lethal H2S concentrations and induce H2S-responsive transcripts more robustly than naive controls. H2S bookmarking can occur at any developmental stage and persists through cell divisions and development but is erased by fasting. We show that maintenance of the H2S bookmark requires the SET-2 histone methyltransferase and the CoREST-like demethylase complex. We propose a model in which exposure to low doses of H2S generates a long-lasting, epigenetic memory by modulating H3K4me2 modifications at specific promoters. Understanding the fundamental aspects of H2S bookmarking in this tractable system can provide mechanistic insight into how environmental exposures are translated into the epigenetic landscape in animals.
379-P: Changes in Diabetes Management after a Hospital Visit for Severe Hypoglycemia

Clinical guidelines recommend reevaluation of glucose-lowering medications and relaxation of HbA1c targets in patients with diabetes after a severe hypoglycemic event. We compared diabetes management before and after hypoglycemia requiring emergency department (ED) visit or hospital admission. Using data from OptumLabs® Data Warehouse, we identified privately insured and Medicare Advantage enrollees 18+ years with pharmacologically-treated type 2 diabetes and an ED visit or hospitalization for hypoglycemia between July 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014. We assessed the differences in the number of physician office visits, glucometer test strips filled, continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use, diabetes medication fills, and HbA1c levels (available for 1582 [27.7%]), within 6 months prior to and 6 months after hypoglycemia. Among 5721 patients with type 2 diabetes and severe hypoglycemia, mean age was 67.8 (SD 12.3), 51% women, 63% white, and 68% used insulin. Changes in management are summarized in Table 1. After an event, the proportion of patients filling insulin increased, but the proportion filling sulfonylureas declined. Less than one third of patients with a baseline HbA1c Few of the recommended changes in diabetes management occur after a severe hypoglycemic event. These findings suggest the need for better post-event care to improve the safety of glucose-lowering therapy. Disclosure P. Vijayakumar: None. S. Liu: None. P.A. Kahn: None. R.G. McCoy: None. A.J. Karter: None. K.J. Lipska: Consultant; Self; Health Services Advisory Group (HSAG). Research Support; Self; National Institute on Aging. Other Relationship; Self; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T35DK104689); National Institute on Aging; American Federation for Aging Research; National Institutes of Health (K23AG048359)
Active Shooter: What Would Health Care Students Do While Caring for Their Patients? Run? Hide? Or Fight?

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the clinical decisions that health care students would make if faced with an active shooter event while providing patient care. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to survey 245 students from 6 different professional programs. Participants read 4 case-based scenarios, selected 1 of 4 actions in a multiple-choice format, and responded to an open-ended question. Demographic questions asked whether participants had been a victim of violence and whether they have taken a certified active shooter course. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and chi-square testing. Results For each case, most students chose "patient-centric" versus "provider-centric" actions (range: 66%-94% and 4%-17%, respectively). The gender of the patient made no difference in actions. Those who attended a certified active shooter course tended to act with more "provider-centric" concerns than those who did not take such a course. Conclusion A significant majority of interprofessional health care students, when presented with specific case-scenarios, declared they would act to protect themselves and their patients during an active shooter event. This "patient-centric" attitude transcends the oversimplified "Run-Hide-Fight" axiom and must be addressed by all health care educational institutions.
Mentoring with: reimagining mentoring across the university

AbstractTraditional, formal mentoring structures established within the space of the university can be rooted in patriarchal systems of power, hierarchy, and exclusion that perpetuate neoliberal an...
Gender, Disability, and Access to Health Care in Indonesia: Perspectives from Global Disability Studies

Disability is a global health crisis. About 15% of the world’s population or approximately one billion people are living with a disability—usually defined as a motor, sensory, speech, learning/developmental/intellectual impairment or chronic illness. Disability or mental illness can affect anyone, anytime. People in the developing world and women are more likely to experience disability; 80% of people with disabilities live in developing countries. Both the UN and the WHO have found that there is a higher representation of women among the world’s disabled population. In this chapter, we use a close reading of secondary literature and a collection of open-ended interviews of disabled Indonesian women to analyze the social, economic, and structural barriers women and girls with disabilities face when attempting to access healthcare in Indonesia. We use an interdisciplinary global disability studies approach that engages with the ways in which social class or caste, gender, ethnicity, language, and religion affect the lived experiences of girls and women in South and East Asia, and more specifically in Indonesia.
Real-time high temperature investigations of an individual natural hematite ore particle for chemical looping oxygen exchange

Abstract In chemical looping reactors, oxygen carrier’s physical and chemical properties may be continuously modified in response to reduction-oxidation (redox) cycling, affecting the oxygen exchange ability and therefore overall energy efficiency. Reports currently available on hematite’s high temperature redox behaviors have been based primarily on ‘bulk’ material testing in thermogravimetric units or fixed-bed/fluidized bed reactors, followed by post analysis. While ‘bulk’ based analysis effectively provides valuable information on oxygen exchange efficiency as a whole, interpretation of oxygen carrying behaviors occurring in an ‘individual’ particle caused by local particle alterations would be complicated. The present work discusses oxygen exchange behaviors of an ‘individual’ hematite particle based on real-time surface morphology changes subjected to redox cycling. In-operando observations were made possible by utilizing a custom-made high temperature fixed-bed reactor equipped to the confocal scanning laser microscope. The present technique revealed a unique particle expansion behavior that followed a zig-zag (up-down) pattern corresponding to each reduction and oxidation. After 10 redox cycles with 20 consecutive gas exposures, the overall volume was more than doubled, the surface area increased by 25%, and roughness increased by 4 times, resulting in meaningful alterations in the oxygen exchange capability. Reduction-oxidation transformation kinetics was accerelated at each cycle with a directional growth of the product layer over the particle surface; 1 s was long enough for a surface oxidation boundary to travel ≈385 μm after the 1st cycle. The surface transformation kinetics was of 2 dimensional growth in early cycles, which quickly became 3 dimensional growth in later cycles.
Differentiation Syndrome with Ivosidenib and Enasidenib Treatment in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory IDH-Mutated AML: A U.S. Food and Drug Administration Systematic Analysis

Purpose: Differentiation syndrome (DS) is a serious adverse reaction of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors ivosidenib and enasidenib in patients with (IDH)1- and IDH2-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), respectively. Experimental Design: During FDA review of marketing applications for ivosidenib and enasidenib, data from pivotal trials were queried to identify cases of DS in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) AML. One hundred seventy-nine patients with R/R AML received ivosidenib and 214 received enasidenib. Adverse events, labs, and vital signs in the first 90 days of treatment were screened per diagnostic criteria, and narratives were reviewed to adjudicate DS cases. Results: We identified 72 of 179 (40%) potential cases for ivosidenib and 86 of 214 (40%) for enasidenib; 34 of 179 (19%) and 41 of 214 (19%) were adjudicated as DS. Leukocytosis was present in 79% and 61% of cases, respectively. Median (range) time to onset was 20 (1–78) and 19 (1–86) days. Grade ≥ 3 adverse reactions occurred in 68% and 66%; 6% and 5% were fatal. Univariate analyses suggested baseline bone marrow blasts ≥ 48% and peripheral blood blasts ≥ 25% and 15% for ivosidenib and enasidenib, respectively, were associated with increased risk of DS. Complete remission (CR) + CR with partial hematologic recovery rates were lower in patients with versus without DS [ivosidenib 18% (95% confidence interval, 7%–35%) vs. 36% (28%–45%); enasidenib 18% (7%–33%) vs. 25% (18%–32%)]. Conclusions: DS is a common and potentially fatal adverse reaction of IDH inhibitors, and use of standardized diagnostic criteria may aid in earlier diagnosis and treatment. See related commentary by Zeidner, p. 4174
Decomposing Mutation and Selection to Identify Mismatched Codon Usage

Abstract For decades, codon usage has been used as a measure of adaptation for translational efficiency of a gene’s coding sequence. These patterns of codon usage reflect both the selective and mutational environment in which the coding sequences evolved. Over this same period, gene transfer between lineages has become widely recognized as an important biological pheonmena. Nevertheless, most studies of codon usage implicitly assume that all genes within a genome evolved under the same selective and mutational environment, an assumption violated when introgression occurs. In order to better understand the effects of introgression on codon usage patterns and vice versa, we examine the patterns of codon usage in the yeast which has experienced a large introgression, Lachancea kluyveri. We quantify the effects of mutation bias and selection for translation efficiency on the codon usage pattern of the endogenous and introgressed exogenous genes using a Bayesian mixture model, ROC SEMPPR, which is built on mechanistic assumptions of protein synthesis and grounded in population genetics. We find substantial differences in codon usage between the endogenous and exogenous genes, and show that these differences can be largely attributed to a shift in mutation bias from A/T ending codons in the endogenous genes to C/G ending codons in the exogenous genes. Recognizing the two different signatures of mutation and selection bias improves our ability to predict protein synthesis rate by 17% and allowed us to accurately assess codon preferences. In addition, using our estimates of mutation and selection bias, we to identify Eremothecium gossypii as the most likely source lineage, estimate the introgression occurred ~ 6 × 108 generation ago, and estimate its historic and current genetic load. Together, our work illustrates the advantage of mechanistic, population genetic models like ROC SEMPPR and the quantitative estimates they provide when analyzing sequence data.