cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regional oxygen reduction and denitrification rates in groundwater from multi-model residence time distributions, San Joaquin Valley, USA

Summary Rates of oxygen and nitrate reduction are key factors in determining the chemical evolution of groundwater. Little is known about how these rates vary and covary in regional groundwater settings, as few studies have focused on regional datasets with multiple tracers and methods of analysis that account for effects of mixed residence times on apparent reaction rates. This study provides insight into the characteristics of residence times and rates of O 2 reduction and denitrification (NO 3 − reduction) by comparing reaction rates using multi-model analytical residence time distributions (RTDs) applied to a data set of atmospheric tracers of groundwater age and geochemical data from 141 well samples in the Central Eastern San Joaquin Valley, CA. The RTD approach accounts for mixtures of residence times in a single sample to provide estimates of in-situ rates. Tracers included SF 6 , CFCs, 3 H, He from 3 H (tritiogenic He), 14 C, and terrigenic He. Parameter estimation and multi-model averaging were used to establish RTDs with lower error variances than those produced by individual RTD models. The set of multi-model RTDs was used in combination with NO 3 − and dissolved gas data to estimate zero order and first order rates of O 2 reduction and denitrification. Results indicated that O 2 reduction and denitrification rates followed approximately log-normal distributions. Rates of O 2 and NO 3 − reduction were correlated and, on an electron milliequivalent basis, denitrification rates tended to exceed O 2 reduction rates. Estimated historical NO 3 − trends were similar to historical measurements. Results show that the multi-model approach can improve estimation of age distributions, and that relatively easily measured O 2 rates can provide information about trends in denitrification rates, which are more difficult to estimate.
Shipping-Container Impact Assessment for Tsunamis

AbstractDuring tsunami inundation, coastal structures are subject to hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces from the run-up and rundown and to impact forces from floating debris that is picked up by the flow. A new chapter in the upcoming revised U.S. design load standard covers these loads. To illustrate the application of this methodology for impact loading, it is applied to the determination of shipping-container impact loads for locations in Hilo, Hawaii. The steps include identification of the tsunami design zone, computation of the shipping-container impact hazard region, and computation of the design flow velocity and depth within that region. The flow velocity is used to determine the design impact force for the structure, and the depth is used to define up to what height impact must be considered. The standard provides a new, relatively simple “energy grade line” method that can be used to obtain estimates of these quantities. Because the method has not been widely validated within the archival lite...
A MV intelligent gate driver for 15kV SiC IGBT and 10kV SiC MOSFET

This paper presents an Intelligent Medium-voltage Gate Driver (IMGD) for 15kV SiC IGBT and 10kV SiC MOSFET devices. The high voltage-magnitude and high dv/dt(> 30kV/µs) of these MV SiC devices, pose design challenge in form of isolation and EMI. This problem is solved by development of a < 1pF isolation capacitance power-supply. But due to applied high stress, smaller short-circuit withstand time and the criticality of the application, these devices need to be monitored, well protected, active gate-driven and safely shut-down. This paper presents an EMI hardened IMGD built around a CPLD, sensing and optical interfacing unit. It provides advanced gate-driving, added protection and optically isolated state-monitoring features. The device operating conditions such as module temperature and Vds(on) can be data-logged. They can be used for diagnosis/prognosis purposes such as to predict failure and safely shut-down the system. This paper describes the functionality of different building blocks. The 15kV SiC IGBT has higher second switching slope above its punch-through level which is moderated without increasing losses by using digitally controlled active gate-driving. The shoot-through protection time can be reduced below withstand time by advanced gate driving. Soft turn-on and over-current triggered gate-voltage reduction helps reducing blanking time and quick turn-off reduces the protection response time. In this paper, the IMGD is high side tested at 5kV with device state monitoring on. The active gate-driving is tested at 6kV.
Tilo Brandis, Mittelhochdeutsche, Mittelniederdeutsche Und Mittelniederländische Minnereden. “münchener Texte Und Untersuchungen Zur Deutschen Literatur Des Mittelalters.” Vol. 25: München: C. H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1968. Pp. viii, 365

(1970). Tilo Brandis, Mittelhochdeutsche, Mittelniederdeutsche Und Mittelniederlandische Minnereden. “munchener Texte Und Untersuchungen Zur Deutschen Literatur Des Mittelalters.” Vol. 25. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 63-64.
A Revision Surgery for Cochlear Implantation in a Case of Incomplete Partition Type I.

BACKGROUND Patients with cochlear malformations were long considered poor candidates for cochlear implantation (CI), and surgical approaches different than the standard facial recess approach were used to access the inner ear. There is no previous long-term follow-up of a patient with significantly malformed inner ear operated through an untraditional route and requiring a revision surgery. PURPOSE This case provides a long-term follow-up from the initial surgery, a short-term follow-up from the revision surgery, and it illustrates the evolving classification of inner ear malformations as well as the potential problems associated with nonstandard approaches to the cochlea. RESEARCH DESIGN A case report. INTERVENTION Herein, we report a case of revision CI in a patient with incomplete partition type I, through the round window via a facial recess approach, 18 yr after an initial implantation via a transmastoid labyrinthotomy approach. RESULTS The patient had an uncomplicated surgery, and after activation, she noted auditory perception on all electrodes without facial stimulation. A sound field sound awareness threshold was obtained at 15 dB HL. CONCLUSIONS As the prior generation of cochlear implant recipients ages, the probability of a revision surgery for various causes increases. Cochlear implant surgeons should be aware of the potential pitfalls associated in these often challenging cases.
Hybrid integrated Si 3 N 4 /InP photonic integrated circuits for dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generation

Optical arbitrary waveform generation (OAWG) is capable of working in the ‘line by line’ regime to control arbitrary amplitude and phase over individual lines of an optical frequency comb (OFC). To accomplish this, the OAWG waveform shaper separates the optical comb lines from the OFC using a spectral demultiplexer, applies modulation to each line with an array of modulators, and combines the modulated comb lines using a spectral multiplexer. User-defined complex spectral shapes and arbitrary temporal waveforms can be synthesized on demand, thereby facilitating applications like microwave arbitrary waveform generation, agile microwave-photonic filtering, and coherent communications, etc‥ The main limitation of current integrated solutions has been high optical insertion loss and a large degree of crosstalk between channels. Instead of attempting a monolithic technology platform, we implement low loss and high contrast Si 3 N 4 arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) as spectral de/multiplexer, and InP phase modulator array for nearly pure phase modulation. We heterogeneously integrate Si 3 N 4 and InP chips by active alignment and UV epoxy assembly, and demonstrate dynamic OAWG in a single integrated chipset.
A semi-distributed model for locating stormwater best management practices in coastal environments

New regulations in Virginia and elsewhere require reduction of runoff volume and phosphorus loads after development using approved stormwater best management practices (BMPs) that favor infiltration. The flat terrain, shallow water tables, and impermeable soils present in the Coastal Plain of Virginia limit the use of many BMPs. The BMP Checker facilitates BMP siting; calculating median slope and seasonal high water table depth, soil types, and catchment size from spatial inputs, then compares catchment characteristics to constraints to predict suitable and unsuitable BMPs and phosphorous loads. This process was validated at 11 sites in the City of Virginia Beach, and then applied citywide to assess the spatial applicability of each BMP. Wet ponds that intercept groundwater and constructed wetlands (both at 74%) were the most applicable BMPs. Sheet flow to conservation area and infiltration practices (11% and 24%, respectively) were the least applicable BMPs. Results were consistent with local experience. BMP Checker was developed to assist in BMP siting in coastal Virginia, can be applied elsewhere.The program was evaluated at 11 developed sites in Virginia Beach, VA and found to be valid.BMP Checker was run for the entire City of Virginia Beach to assess spatial applicability of BMPs.
Feasibility of an In-Situ Particle Monitor on a Tungsten LPCVD Reactor

Reduction or elimination of particles generated within the semiconductor process equipment is vital to achieving high yields in the semiconductor industry. In-situ laser particle sensors that detect contaminants within the process equipment are gaining increasing acceptance because of their ability to detect problems in real-time. The prompt detection of particle problems followed by corrective actions will minimize impact to parts (wafers) sensitive to particle contamination. It is hypothesized that a relationship exists between the quantities of particles depositing on a wafer and particles detected by an in-situ particle sensor in the exhaust line. An extensive study was conducted to evaluate this hypothesis. An in-situ laser particle sensor was installed on the exhaust line of a Tungsten Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (W-LPCVD) chamber. The exhaust line particle counts were collected during the processing of device wafers and during particle tests using monitor wafers. Correlations between the...
Integration of multi-modality treatment planning for early stage breast cancer (BC) into Watson for Oncology, a Decision Support System: Seeing the forest and the trees.

e12042 Background: IBM Watson for Oncology (WFO), trained by Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) is designed to assist medical oncologists in making expert treatment decisions driven by key disease and ...
The Story of Phosphorus

Phosphorus is a nutrient essential for life. It is apropos then that it has played a major role in shaping the course of human civilization, particularly within the last two centuries. This chapter succinctly recounts the story of phosphorus, touching upon important issues with respect to terminology, how it was discovered, and why it has become essential for supporting the global food supply in modern times.
Nanoliter Analyte Sensing on Hybrid Plasmonic-biosilica Nanostructured Materials

Abstract We developed a new strategy of optofluidic analysis from inkjet-printed droplets on photonic crystal biosilica-diatom at nanoliter scales. The hydrophilic diatom surface could concentrate target molecules in the liquid droplets as the solvent evaporates, which enables 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) detection down to 2.7×10 -15 grams by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
The Diplomacy of World War II Genesis of the Problem

The growth of Allied policy toward Germany during World War II can be observed in three discernible phases, each of which is associated with one or more of the major Allied wartime conferences. Tehran-Moscow, Yalta, and Potsdam serve as evolutionary stages to demonstrate the development and persistence of the central theme of this policy: Germany must be divided so that she may never again pose a military threat to any of the victors.
Meningococcal carriage among a university student population - United States, 2015.

Abstract Objectives Several outbreaks of serogroup B meningococcal disease have occurred among university students in recent years. In the setting of high coverage of the quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine and prior to widespread use of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines among adolescents, we conducted surveys to characterize the prevalence and molecular characteristics of meningococcal carriage among university students. Methods Two cross-sectional oropharyngeal carriage surveys were conducted among undergraduates at a Rhode Island university. Isolates were characterized using slide agglutination, real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR), and whole genome sequencing. Adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression to determine risk factors for carriage. Results A total of 1837 oropharyngeal specimens were obtained from 1478 unique participants. Overall carriage prevalence was 12.7–14.6% during the two survey rounds, with 1.8–2.6% for capsular genotype B, 0.9–1.0% for capsular genotypes C, W, or Y, and 9.9–10.8% for nongroupable strains by rt-PCR. Meningococcal carriage was associated with being male, smoking, party or club attendance, recent antibiotic use (inverse correlation), and recent respiratory infections. Conclusions In this university setting, the majority of meningococcal carriage was due to nongroupable strains, followed by serogroup B. Further evaluation is needed to understand the dynamics of serogroup B carriage and disease among university students.
Of Love and Other Passions: Elites, Politics, and Family in Bogotá, Colombia, 1778-1870. By GuiomarDueñas-Vargas. (Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 2015. Pp. xi, 257. $55.00.) : Book Review

To what extent did Spanish Americans experience a “sentimental revolution” that, as historians such as Lawrence Stone have shown for other Western societies in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuri...
Thymosin Beta-4 and Ciprofloxacin Adjunctive Therapy Improves Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Keratitis

With increasing multidrug resistance and contraindication for corticosteroid use, the goal of this study was to develop thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) as an adjunctive therapy to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial keratitis that effectively promotes enhanced wound healing, host defense, and inflammation resolution. Disease outcome was assessed by clinical score, slit lamp photography, and histopathology. Cytokine profile, bacterial load, PMN infiltration, and Griess and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined. Adjunct Tβ4 treatment resulted in a significant improvement compared to PBS, Tβ4, and most remarkably, ciprofloxacin, correlating with changes in mediators of inflammation and wound healing. Collectively, these data provide evidence that wound healing is an essential aspect in the development of new therapies to treat corneal infection. Use of adjunctive Tβ4 provides a more efficacious approach for bacterial keratitis by addressing both the infectious pathogen and deleterious host response.
Predicting information security policy compliance intentions and behavior for six employee-based risks

ABSTRACTEmployees’ non-compliance with organizational information security policies poses a significant threat to organizations. Enhancing our understanding of compliance behavior is crucial for improving security. Although research has identified numerous psychological factors that affect intentions to comply with security policies, how such intentions map onto actual compliance behavior is not well understood. Building on a well-supported model of security policy compliance intentions, we evaluate compliance with each of six types of information security policies using decision vignettes, and compare parameters across models. The study contributes to information security compliance research by examining each risk separately and exploring heterogeneity across risk types.
Association of Care Processes With Timely, Equitable Postoperative Radiotherapy in Patients With Surgically Treated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance Delays in initiation of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) after surgery for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are common, predominantly affect racial minorities, and are associated with decreased survival. Details regarding the care processes that contribute to timely, equitable PORT remain unknown. Objective To determine care processes associated with timely, equitable PORT. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included patients 18 years or older undergoing surgery for HNSCC at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, followed by PORT (at MUSC or elsewhere) with or without chemotherapy from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2016. Data were analyzed from September 15, 2017, through June 28, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome measure was the proportion of timely, guideline-adherent initiation of PORT (≤6 weeks postoperatively). Secondary outcome measures included care processes associated with timely PORT. The association between process variables with timely PORT was explored using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Effect modification of the association between receipt of care processes and timely PORT by race was explored using interaction effects. Results A total of 197 patients were included in the analysis; they were predominantly white (157 [79.7%]) and male (136 [69.0%]) with a mean age of 59 years (range, 28-89 years). Overall, 89 patients (45.2%) experienced a delay initiating PORT. African American patients had a 13.5% absolute increase in the rate of delayed PORT relative to white patients (21 of 37 [56.8%] vs 68 of 157 [43.3%]). The adjusted multivariable regression showed that the following care processes were associated with timely PORT: preoperative radiotherapy consultation (odds ratio [OR], 8.94; 95% CI, 1.64-65.53), PORT at MUSC (OR, 6.21; 95% CI, 1.85-24.75), pathology report within 7 postoperative days (OR, 4.14; 95% CI, 1.21-15.86), time from surgery to PORT referral of no longer than 10 days (OR, 12.14; 95% CI, 3.14-63.00), time from PORT referral to consultation of no longer than 10 days (OR, 10.76; 95% CI, 3.01-49.70), and time from PORT consultation to its start of no longer than 21 days (OR, 4.80; 95% CI 1.41-18.44). Analysis of interactions revealed no statistically significant differences between African American and white patients in receipt of key processes associated with timely PORT. Conclusions and Relevance Specific care processes are associated with guideline-adherent initiation of PORT. Novel strategies appear to be needed to ensure that these processes are performed for all patients with HNSCC, thereby facilitating timely, equitable PORT.
Magic words or talking point? The framing of ‘radical Islam’ in news coverage and its effects:

This study examines the use of the term ‘radical Islam’ as a framing device from two perspectives. First, a content analysis of The New York Times and Washington Post suggested that ‘radical Islam’...
Improving outbreak response

In Outbreak Culture , geneticist Pardis Sabeti joins journalist Lara Salahi to examine the Ebola epidemic from the perspective of the clinical workers, researchers, and health agency personnel who experienced it firsthand. They note in particular three factors that foster a culture that can compromise outbreak response: (i) fear; (ii) the instinct to protect oneself, others, or institutions; and (iii) the desire to exploit. The book focuses on what happens when these motives collide, indicting poor policies, ineffective decision-making, and bad actors.
The Head, the Hand, and Matter: New Materialism and the Politics of Knowledge:

This article seeks to examine the political connotations of a recent ‘material turn’ in social and political theory and its implications for theorizations of political agency. ‘New materialist’ the...
Memory differences by sex, but not by previous diagnosis of major depressive disorder.

Memory difficulties are consistently reported in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Nonetheless, it has not been thoroughly investigated as to whether these deficits persist during remission from MDD...
Menu label accuracy at a university's foodservices. An exploratory recipe nutrition analysis.

The increase in the weight of American adults and children has been positively associated with the prevalence of the consumption of food-away-from-home. The objective was to assess the accuracy of claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education. Fifty popular food items were randomly collected from five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States. The sampling was repeated three times on separate occasions for an aggregate total of 150 food samples. The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. Results were compared with foodservices' published nutrition information. Two group comparisons, claimed and measured, were performed using the paired-sample t-test. Descriptive statistics were used as well. Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). Significance was also reached in the variance of actual portion weight compared to the published claims (P < .001). Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol were found among the sampled values and the foodservices' published claims. The findings from this study raise the concern that if the actual nutritional information does not accurately reflect the declared values on menus, conclusions, decisions and actions based on posted information may not be valid.
A new long-term method for the measurement of NADH fluorescence in intact rat brain with chronically implanted cannula.

The method developed by Chance et al. (1) which measures the oxidation-reduction state of NADH in vivo by surface fluorometry is in use in many laboratories. In all cases, acute preparations are used.
Learning About Deception From Lawyers

Legal domains concerned with deception often recognize and regulate cases of negligent deception. The philosophical discussion of deception should follow suit, shifting from an exclusive focus on deception-as-wrongful-manipulation to a broader panorama that includes negligent deception and contemplates cases in which negligent deception may be wrong even when intentional deception about the same information may be permissible. Interesting philosophical questions then arise about what distinguishes negligent deception from mere misunderstandings and mistakes. Those questions require further thought about how relationships involve epistemic cooperation and interdependence, and when such relationships generate responsibility for others’ mental contents.
Molecular Thermodynamics of Aqueous Polymers and Gels

SUMMARY The phase behavior of aqueous polymer solutions and gels is often sensitive to prevailing conditions such as temperature, pH, ionic strength or solvent composition. For crosslinked polymer gels, this solution-sensitivity is indicated by large changes in gel volume in response to small changes in solution conditions. This chapter reviews recent work directed at developing a molecular-thermodynamic description of phase behavior in aqueous polymer systems. A theoretical description of phase equilibria correlates systematic experimental data obtained for model systems. Novel molecular-simulation studies of isolated polyelectrolytes provide detailed information on the relationship between expansion of polyelectrolytes in solution and pertinent parameters that characterize polymer and solution properties.
Chapter 1 – Basic Psychophysics

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses basic properties sensory systems as the threshold of detection and the perception of strength and their relation to the physical properties of stimulation. It provides a general overview of basic psychophysics in order to support the main perspective—namely, that of the anatomy and physiology of sensory systems. Psychophysics is a branch of psychology that deals with the relationship between a physical stimulus and the resulting sensation. Detecting the presence of a stimulus was probably the primary advantage of the evolution of such senses as vision and hearing when vertebrate species began to adapt to terrestrial life. Detecting odors was also important for many species. Early in the development of species, discrimination among different kinds of stimuli was of less importance. Much later in the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates it was still important to be able to detect the faintest sound or the weakest light, but the ability to discriminate among different stimuli became increasingly important as vertebrate species developed sensory systems, which adapted to these needs.
Hypothyroidism and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Data supporting an association between primary hypothyroidism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is lacking. Thyroid hormones are totally involved in the regulation of body weight, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Therefore, thyroid hormones may have a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The results of studies investigating the association between NAFLD and thyroid dysfunction have been inconsistent; many have provided data supporting the association, while a few others have refuted it. This report presents the case of a 56-year-old obese Hispanic man who was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis secondary to NAFLD and presented 3 months later with severe hypothyroidism. J Endocrinol Metab. 2020;10(2):45-48 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem644
The pseudoGTPase group of pseudoenzymes

Pseudoenzymes are emerging as significant mediators and regulators of signal transduction. These proteins maintain enzyme folds and topologies, but are disrupted in the conserved motifs required for enzymatic activity. Among the pseudoenzymes, the pseudoGTPase group of atypical GTPases has recently expanded and includes the Rnd and RGK groups, RhoH and the RhoBTB proteins, mitochondrial RhoGTPase and centaurin-γ groups, CENP-M, dynein LIC, Entamoeba histolytica RabX3, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, and the p190RhoGAP proteins. The wide range of cellular functions associated with pseudoGTPases includes cell migration and adhesion, membrane trafficking and cargo transport, mitosis, mitochondrial activity, transcriptional control, and autophagy, placing the group in an expanding portfolio of signaling pathways. In this review, we examine how the pseudoGTPases differ from canonical GTPases and consider their mechanistic and functional roles in signal transduction. We review the amino acid differences between the pseudoGTPases and discuss how these proteins can be classified based on their ability to bind nucleotide and their enzymatic activity. We discuss the molecular and structural consequences of amino acid divergence from canonical GTPases and use comparison with the well-studied pseudokinases to illustrate the classifications. PseudoGTPases are fast becoming recognized as important mechanistic components in a range of cellular roles, and we provide a concise discussion of the currently identified members of this group. ENZYMES: small GTPases; EC number: EC 3.6.5.2.
Utility of nuclear cardiovascular imaging in the cardiac intensive care unit

The contemporary Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) has evolved into a complex unit that admits a heterogeneous mix of patients with a wide range of acute cardiovascular diseases often complicated by multi-organ failure. Although electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography are well-established as first-line diagnostic modalities for assessing patients in the CICU, nuclear cardiology imaging has emerged as a useful adjunctive diagnostic modality. The versatility, safety and accuracy of nuclear imaging (e.g., perfusion, metabolism, inflammation) for the assessment of patient with coronary artery disease, ventricular arrhythmias, infiltrative cardiomyopathies, infective endocarditis and inflammatory aortopathies has been proven useful and now often incorporated into the best practices for the management of critically ill cardiac patients. Thus, clinicians must familiarize themselves with the value and current and future applications of nuclear imaging in the management of the cardiac patient in the CICU.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Phosphoproteomics and Systems Biology: Approaches to Study T Lymphocyte Activation and Exhaustion.

Abstract T lymphocytes respond to extracellular cues and recognize and clear foreign bodies. These functions are tightly regulated by receptor-mediated intracellular signal transduction pathways and phosphorylation cascades resulting in rewiring of transcription, cell adhesion, and metabolic pathways, which leads to changes in downstream effector functions including cytokine secretion and target-cell killing. Given that these pathways become dysregulated in chronic diseases such as cancer, auto-immunity, diabetes, and persistent infections, mapping T cell signaling dynamics in normal and pathological states is central to understanding and modulating immune system behavior. Despite recent advances, there remains much to be learned from the study of T cell signaling at a systems level. The application of global phospho-proteomic profiling technology has the potential to provide unprecedented insights into the molecular networks that govern T cell function. These include capturing the spatiotemporal dynamics of the T cell responses as an ensemble of interacting components, rather than a static view at a single point in time. In this review, we describe innovative experimental approaches to study signaling mechanisms in the TCR, co-stimulatory receptors, synthetic signaling molecules such as chimeric antigen receptors, inhibitory receptors, and T cell exhaustion. Technical advances in mass spectrometry and systems biology frameworks are emphasized as these are poised to identify currently unknown functional relationships and dependencies to create causal predictive models that expand from the traditional narrow reductionist lens of singular components in isolation.
The Plasminogen Activator System, Glucocorticoid, and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in the Primate Endometrium During Artificial Menstrual Cycles

As a key mechanism in fibrinolysis and tissue remodeling, the plasminogen activator system has been suggested in the process of endometrial shedding and tissue remodeling. Previous studies have explored the role of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors as well as elements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in shaping the morphology of the endometrium. This study investigates the distribution and concentrations of the mineralocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 within the endometrial stroma, glandular, and endothelial cells of the primate endometrium during artificial menstrual cycles. Our immunohistochemistry quantification shows mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors are ubiquitously distributed within the macaque endometrium with their patterns of expression following similar fluctuations to urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators particularly within the endometrial vasculature. These proteins are present in endometrial vasculature in high levels during the proliferative phase, decreasing levels during the secretory phase followed by rising levels in the menstrual phase. These similarities could suggest overlapping pathways and interactions between the plasminogen activator system and the steroid receptors within the endometrium. Given the anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids and the role of plasminogen activators in endometrial breakdown, the glucocorticoid receptor may be contributing to stabilizing the endometrium by regulating plasminogen activators during the proliferative phase and menstruation. Furthermore, given the anti-mineralocorticoid properties of certain anti-androgenic progestins and their reduced unscheduled uterine bleeding patterns, the mineralocorticoid receptor may be involved in unscheduled endometrial bleeding.
Prostate and dominant intraprostatic lesion segmentation on PET/CT using cascaded regional-net.

Focal dose boost to dominant intraprostatic lesions (DILs) has recently been proposed for prostate radiation therapy. Accurate and fast delineation of the prostate and DILs is thus required during treatment planning. We propose a learning-based method using positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) images to automatically segment the prostate and its DILs. To enable end-to-end segmentation, a deep learning-based method, called cascaded regional-Net, is utilized. The first network, referred to as dual attention network (DAN), is used to segment the prostate via extracting comprehensive features from both PET and CT images. A second network, referred to as mask scoring regional convolutional neural network (MSR-CNN), is used to segment the DILs from the PET and CT within the prostate region. Scoring strategy is used to diminish the misclassification of the DILs. For DIL segmentation, the proposed cascaded regional-Net uses two steps to remove normal tissue regions, with the first step cropping images based on prostate segmentation and the second step using MSR-CNN to further locate the DILs. The binary masks of DILs and prostates of testing patients are generated from PET/CT by the trained network. To evaluate the proposed method, we retrospectively investigated 49 PET/CT datasets. On each dataset, the prostate and DILs were delineated by physicians and set as the ground truths and training targets. The proposed method was trained and evaluated using a five-fold cross-validation and a hold-out test. The mean surface distance and DSC values were 0.666±0.696mm and 0.932±0.059 for the prostate and 1.209±1.954mm and 0.757±0.241 for the DILs among all 49 patients. The proposed method has demonstrated great potential for improving the efficiency and reducing the observer variability of prostate and DIL contouring for DIL focal boost prostate radiation therapy.
Measurement of Two-Photon Cross-Section in DABCO with the Use of Picosecond Pulses

From a qualitative standpoint, the vapor phase molecule triethylenediamine (DABCO) has a disposition of energy levels1 that seems favorable for a demonstration of gain by two-photon stimulated emission (TPSE).2 Several material parameters, knowledge of which is required to assess the feasibility of the above experiment, have recently been determined. These include the population dynamics and absorption spectrum of the two-photon emitting A (3s(+)) state. In this talk some details are given about the measurement of yet another important parameter of the system, the transient regime two-photon cross-section B.
Identifying clinical symptoms for improving the symptomatic diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis

Background Current symptom criteria for identifying patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has poor specificity. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that symptoms drawn from the Task Force on Rhinosinusitis (RSTF) criteria and the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for primary headaches can differentiate CRS patients from those with CRS-symptoms but no evidence for inflammation (non-CRS). Methods A retrospective cohort study from a total of 140 charts of patients who received a diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scan for CRS symptoms in a tertiary care clinic. The study was conducted in 2 phases: (1) using a retrospective review of otolaryngologist-documented symptoms (ODS) in the medical record; and (2) using patient-reported symptoms (PRS) on a prospectively collected customized review of systems form from a separate cohort. A radiographic gold standard differentiated CRS from non-CRS patients. Results Subjects in the CRS and non-CRS group were matched for age and race and almost universally met symptomatic criteria as defined by the RSTF in both study phases. In both study phases, facial pain, but not facial pressure, was negatively predictive for CRS (p < 0.05). Similarly, hyposmia was positively predictive, whereas facial pain of a pulsating quality and photophobia were negatively predictive (p < 0.05), although analysis of PRS was significant only when symptom frequency was considered. Nonetheless, significant overlap exists between the prevalence and frequency of symptoms in both groups. Conclusion The symptom-based diagnosis of CRS is challenging but symptoms of hyposmia is positively predictive while facial pain, a throbbing quality, headaches and photophobia are negatively predictive and show promise for improving the specificity of CRS diagnosis. Further validation studies are needed.
Active networking for TCP over wireless

TCP assumes that packet losses are due to congestion. Unfortunately, for the increasingly common case of wireless last hops, this may not be the case. The result is poor TCP performance. There has been significant research into this problem, but the solutions either require widespread changes to the network, or are architecturally limited. Network evolution of this sort is exactly the target of Active Networking (AN). We claim that if some network nodes were AN capable, the range of feasible and deployable solutions to this problem would be greatly increased.We support our claim by presenting a model and architecture of how AN might be deployed to address this problem. We then use this model and architecture to motivate a series of concrete implementations that address various aspects of the problem. These include an implementation of adaptive link control and of the Snoop protocol.
VIRILIZATION COEXISTING WITH KRUKENBERG TUMOR DURING PREGNANCY.

Abstract Certain ovarian tumors which are not usually considered to be functional have been found in the presence of virilism on estrinism. This report concerns an unusual case of huge, bilateral Krukenberg tumors associated with massive virilization occurring during pregnancy. Virilization of the female infant also occurred. A thorough endocrine investigation was performed preoperatively with subsequent postoperative follow-up. The decrease of the tremendously elevated urinary steroids to normal levels following removal of the ovarian tumors strongly suggest that the ovaries were the source of the androgenic hormones. Also the absence of all hormonal manifestations during recurrence of the tumor lends further support to this thought. Evidence is presented to show that the androgen production by the ovaries was not significant until after the first trimester of pregnancy. Histochemical studies of the ovarian tissue appear to offer convincing evidence that the ovarian stroma cells, rather than the tumor tissue itself, was the actual site of hormone production. At autopsy, no primary lesion of the gastrointestinal tract was found. It is postulated that the primary site of the tumor was in the breast. A review of the previously reported cases of Krukenberg tumors associated with virilization is presented.
Ladder: a perceptually-based language to simplify sketch recognition user interface development

Diagrammatic sketching is a natural modality of human-computer interaction that can be used for a variety of tasks, for example, conceptual design. Sketch recognition systems are currently being developed for many domains. However, they require signal-processing expertise if they are to handle the intricacies of each domain, and they are time-consuming to build. Our goal is to enable user interface designers and domain experts who may not have expertise in sketch recognition to be able to build these sketch systems. We created and implemented a new framework (FLUID - facilitating user interface development) in which developers can specify a domain description indicating how domain shapes are to be recognized, displayed, and edited. This description is then automatically transformed into a sketch recognition user interface for that domain. LADDER, a language using a perceptual vocabulary based on Gestalt principles, was developed to describe how to recognize, display, and edit domain shapes. A translator and a customizable recognition system (GUILD - a generator of user interfaces using ladder descriptions) are combined with a domain description to automatically create a domain specific recognition system. With this new technology, by writing a domain description, developers are able to create a new sketch interface for a domain, greatly reducing the time and expertise for the task. Continuing in pursuit of our goal to facilitate UI development, we noted that (1) human generated descriptions contained syntactic and conceptual errors, and that (2) it is more natural for a user to specify a shape by drawing it than by editing text. However, computer generated descriptions from a single drawn example are also flawed, as one cannot express all allowable variations in a single example. In response, we created a modification of the traditional model of active learning in which the system selectively generates its own near-miss examples and uses the human teacher as a source of labels. System generated near-misses offer a number of advantages. Human generated examples are tedious to create and may not expose problems in the current concept. It seems most effective for the near-miss examples to be generated by whichever learning participant (teacher or student) knows better where the deficiencies lie; this will allow the concepts to be more quickly and effectively refined. When working in a closed domain such as this one, the computer learner knows exactly which conceptual uncertainties remain, and which hypotheses need to be tested and confirmed. The system uses these labeled examples to automatically build a LADDER shape description, using a modification of the version spaces algorithm that handles interrelated constraints, and which also has the ability to learn negative and disjunctive constraints.
DNA binding by the heterodimeric Ah receptor. Relationship to dioxin-induced CYP1A1 transcription in vivo.

The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces the microsomal enzyme cytochrome P4501A1 by increasing the transcription rate of the CYP1A1 gene. Induction requires two basic helix-loop-helix proteins, the ligand-binding aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its heterodimerization partner, the AhR nuclear translocator (Arnt). The AhR/Arnt heterodimer induces transcription by binding to dioxin-responsive elements (DREs) within an enhancer upstream of the CYP1A1 gene. The basic regions of AhR and Arnt are crucial for DRE binding. We have mutated these regions in order to analyze the relationship between DRE binding (determined in vitro using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay) and induction of CYP1A1 transcription (determined in vivo by genetic complementation of AhR-defective and Arnt-defective mouse hepatoma cells, using an RNase protection assay to measure mRNA accumulation). Our findings reveal the amino acids in the basic regions of AhR/Arnt that are important for both DRE binding and induction of transcription. This information provides biological background for the interpretation of structural (e.g. crystallographic) studies of the interactions between AhR/Arnt and the DRE. Our findings also indicate that the in vitro behavior of the mutants does not consistently predict their functional activity in vivo. Thus, genetic complementation constitutes an important and stringent test for analyzing the effects of mutations on AhR/Arnt function.
When Experience Is Wrong: Examining CBR for Changing Tasks and Environments

Case-based problem-solving systems reason and learn from experiences, building up case libraries of problems and solutions to guide future reasoning. The expected benefits of this learning process depend on two types of regularity: (1) problem-solution regularity, the relationship between problem-to-problem and solution-to-solution similarity measures that assures that solutions to similar prior problems are a useful starting point for solving similar current problems, and (2) problem-distribution regularity, the relationship between old and new problems that assures that the case library will contain cases similar to the new problems it encounters. Unfortunately, these types of regularity are not assured. Even in contexts for which initial regularity is sufficient, problems may arise if a system's users, tasks, or external environment change over time. This paper defines criteria for assessing the two types of regularity, discusses how the definitions may be used to assess the need for case-base maintenance, and suggests maintenance approaches for responding to those needs. In particular, it discusses the role of analysis of performance over time in responding to environmental changes.
Dispersion properties of scaled Silicon waveguides

In this paper, we study the dispersion properties of silicon waveguides as the waveguide dimensions are varied, from the point of view of achieving phase matching and hence enhancing the CARS process
Anatomy and ultrastructure of the piercing-sucking mouthparts and paraglossal sensilla of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera : Thripidae)

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy are used to elucidate the internal morphology of the feeding structures of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera : Thripidae). The position of the single mandible and paired maxillary stylets, relative to one another within the mouthcone, are shown through sequential thin sectioning. Observation of thin sections of all 3 stylets demonstrate them to be innervated. Within the mandibular stylet are 3 dendrites extending its length, and 2 lateral dendrites in its wall. Each maxillary stylet contains 4 dendritic canals, each with one dendrite. The location of the cibarium within the mouthcone is examined and the attachments of its dilator muscles are shown. One to 3 dendrites, varying in functional type, are found in each paraglossal sensillum. The ultrastructural evidence presented suggests that some paraglossal sensilla have a dual chemosensory and mechanosensory function, while others are apparently solely mechanosensory. The significance of these findings relative to the feeding mechanisms of thrips and the possible function of stylet and paraglossal sensory structures in host location, feeding site selection and host choice are discussed.
The effect of cortisone treatment and reoperation on reactive changes in the facial nucleus after axotomy

The material, with few exceptions, consists of PAS-gallocyanin stained paraffin sections from 4- to 6-month-old male rabbits fixed by perfusion first with saline and then with Bouin's solution. (1) In animals treated with cortisone prior to and subsequent to axotomy, the neurons exhibit an accelerated dispersal and delayed reconstitution of Nissl substance (ribosomes). While mitotic activity is depressed at various sites, formation of new microglial cells is evident. Neuronal degeneration with karyorrhexis is occasionally noted in single neurons in the lateral parts of the facial nucleus. An increase in intraneuronal glycogen deposition is manifested by a greater number of glycogen-rich neurons; such neurons are depleted of their glycogen after axotomy. (2) In other animals, reoperation of the facial nerve on the 6th, 22nd, 60th and 120th day, followed by survival of 3 days, results in dispersal of restored Nissl substance and in increased extravascular mitotic activity which is of less intensity than in single-operated animals.