cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultural Pluralism and Moral Education

In this paper I will consider the relationship between cultural pluralism and moral education. I will first outline necessary condi tions for a society to be culturally pluralistic, and will then attempt to outline conditions for an ideal culturally pluralistic society. These conditions, particularly the conditions for an ideal culturally plural istic society, suggest approaches to moral education. Implicit in the conditions are certain moral values which can be taught and can have a central place in moral education. The outline of an ideal cul turally pluralistic society and the moral values implicit in the out line suggest reasons for adopting ideal cultural pluralism as a model for a democratic society. Before examining the relationship between cultural pluralism and moral education, I will consider the question of what cultural pluralism is. Is cultural pluralism the only kind of pluralism possible in a society? If not, what other kinds of pluralism are there, and how would cultural pluralism differ from them? What cultural pluralism is can best be stated by outlining conditions which must be present for a society to be identified as a culturally pluralistic society. An outline of these conditions would also show how cultural plural ism differs from other types of pluralism. A culturally pluralistic society is not simply a society which is politically pluralistic, although it is difficult to see how a cul turally pluralistic society could exist without some form of political pluralism. A politically pluralistic society can be defined as one in which decisions result from the interactions of a variety of interest groups, with some measure of equality existing among the interest groups. Through the give and take between interest groups, the interests of individuals can be represented and considered in the process of decision making.1 A society could be politically pluralistic
Preparation and characterization of a slime layer material produced by Staphylococcus aureus.

SummaryThe preparation, purification, and partial chemical and immunochemical characterization of a polysaccharide slime layer material synthesized by strains of Staphylococcus aureus when cultured on a modified staphylococcus 110 medium has been described. The polysaccharide was found to be composed of galactose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glycerol phosphate, and some glucose. Glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, and proline were also associated with highly purified preparations of the polysaccharide. Reaction of the purified slime layer material with antisera prepared against several strains of S. aureus revealed 1 or 2 antigens depending upon the serum used. A classical precipitin curve could be demonstrated, but hapten inhibition studies did not reveal the immunodominant determinant.
Experimental Study of the Diffraction of a Planar Detonation Wave into a Confined Volume

The conditions necessary for successful transmission of a planar detonation wave into a confined volume have been investigated. Detonation diffraction into a confined volume has not been as widely studied as detonation diffraction into an unconfined volume. Therefore, a new experiment was built to study detonation diffraction into a confined, cylindrical geometry. Of interest are the conditions necessary for the successful transformation of a planar detonation wave into a diverging cylindrical detonation wave as well as the measurement of the corresponding pressure profile on the endwall. Details on the new experimental facility are provided in this paper. Experiments have been performed using two different mixtures, C2H2 + 4 O2 and C2H2 + 2.5 O2, and the critical conditions necessary for successful transmission have been defined. It is shown that the critical conditions depend on two parameters, the primary detonation cell size ( ) and the gap width (w), and a correlation was obtained for the lean mixture as follows: w/ = 0.151w – 0.0944.
The ABCs of STIs: An Update on Sexually Transmitted Infections

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are spread primarily through sexual contact and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Once identified, some STIs can be cured following appropriate therapy; for others, suppressive regimens and approaches to prevent ongoing transmission are important. The incidence of many common STIs is increasing in the US as well as worldwide, and hundreds of millions of people are currently infected. Laboratory testing plays a major role in the diagnosis and treatment of STIs, and clinical laboratorians should be familiar with the current guidelines and methods for testing. CONTENT: Accurate and sensitive methods to diagnose STIs are essential to direct appropriate antimicrobial therapy and interrupt the cycle of disease transmission. This review summarizes laboratory testing for common bacterial, viral, and parasitic causes of STIs. Disease manifestations reviewed include cervicitis and urethritis, genital ulcerative disease, human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis, human papilloma virus, and vaginitis. Recent advancements in the recognition and management of STIs, including updates to diagnostic algorithms, advances in testing methods, and emerging challenges with antimicrobial resistance, are summarized. SUMMARY: Diagnostic methods and therapeutic guidelines for STIs are rapidly evolving. In combination with changing epidemiology, the development of novel therapeutics, and advancements in diagnostic methods, this has resulted in changing practices in laboratory testing and, subsequently, management of disease. Molecular methods have facilitated personalized therapy and follow-up regimens targeted for individual types or strains of some STIs.
Stopping guidelines for an effectiveness trial: what should the protocol specify?

Despite long-standing problems in decisions to stop clinical trials, stopping guidelines are often vague or unspecified in the trial protocol. Clear, well-conceived guidelines are especially important to assist the data monitoring committees for effectiveness trials. To specify better stopping guidelines in the protocol for such trials, the clinical investigators and trial statistician should carefully consider the following kinds of questions: Both clinical and statistical expertise are required to address such challenging questions for effectiveness trials. Their joint consideration by clinical investigators and statisticians is needed to define better stopping guidelines before starting the trial.
Analysis and Diagnosis of Ground Fault and Inter-turn Short Circuit of Rotor Winding in 600MW Turbo-generator

This paper introduces a kind of rotor winding grounding fault locating method. When the rotor winding of turbo-generator has grounding fault, a large current method can be used for diagnosis and it can find the grounding position roughly. But the large current method need a large capacity power supply and has the risk of damaging rotor. For hydrogen-cooled rotor of turbo-generator, to locate the axial and circumferential earthing position, a method that applied DC voltage on rotor winding poles and measured the ground potential by vent hole can be used instead of large current method. The magnetic pole-to-pole short-circuit of rotor winding was caused by foreign metal bodies in a power plant 600 MW turbo-generator, then developed the grounding fault,caused serious damage on retaining rings of generator rotor. When severe short-circuit fault as magnetic pole-to-pole short-circuit occurred, the rotor parts was easy to burn because of the large short circuit current, even caused the grounding faults. When both inter-turn short circuit and grounding fault happened simultaneously,the generator should be stopped immediately. Therefore,in order to prevent the accident, the possibility of the rotor one point grounding fault protection acting on the trip should be researched when both rotor windings inter-turn short circuit and grounding fault happened simultaneously.
Design of Remote Control System of Drill of Gas Extraction in Coal Mine Underground

In order to effectively put an end to accidents of coal and gas outburst,injury by drilling machinery,a remote control system of drill of gas extraction in coal mine underground was designed.The system adopts PLC control technology,video and audio monitoring technologies and remote wireless data transmission technology.Operators uses operating handle and button of ground operation platform to realize remote control drilling of drill and automatic loading and unloading of drilling rod with the help of remote video and audio,so as to achieve unmanned gas extraction in coal mine underground.The test result showed that the system is stable and reliable in running.
Human corpus luteum: human chorionic gonadotropin receptors during ectopic pregnancy

Objective To examine hCG receptor levels and binding kinetics in corpora lutea (CL) from tubal pregnancies. Design Corpus luteum from tubal pregnancies, term normal pregnancies, and midluteal phase were obtained and compared for hCG binding. Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital. Interventions Corpus luteum were obtained at elective cesarean section at term, tubal ligation, or surgery for ectopic pregnancy (EP). Main Outcome Measures Human chorionic gonadotropin receptor levels, dissociation and association constants using saturation binding assay, and Scatchard analysis. Results Corpus luteum from late tubal pregnancies (>7weeks) and term intrauterine pregnancies had undetectable hCG binding. Corpus luteum from early tubal pregnancies ( Conclusions Significant reduction of hCG receptors with accelerated binding dissociation may be the basis of CL dysfunction in some EPs.
Law of cosines generalised for any polygon and any polyhedron

The law of cosines for any triangle with sides of length a, b and c is c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos γ, where γ is the angle opposite side c. We show that this law generalises nicely to any polygon as well as any polyhedron. The generalisation to a quadrilateral with sides a, b, c and d is and for a five sided polygon
Effects of 4,4'-dimethyldiphenyliodonium chloride on performance of growing cattle.

Two 112-d studies were conducted to evaluate effects of the deaminase inhibitor, 4,4'-dimethyldiphenyliodonium chloride, on performance of growing cattle. With diets containing low levels of crude protein (i.e., 11%), 25 ppm of chemical in the diet increased (P less than .05) gain and improved (P less than .05) feed efficiency. Feed intake was not affected. Higher levels of chemical (50 and 100 ppm) produced equivalent responses. With a higher level of dietary crude protein (i.e., 14%) gain and feed efficiency were not improved and some decreases in feed intake were observed. Performance responses resulting from adjustments in ruminal nitrogen transactions to provide more alpha-amino-N depend upon whether the animal needs additional amino acids for maintenance and production. Our data demonstrated that the supply of amino acids can be increased either by adjustment of ruminal nitrogen transactions with a chemical agent or by increasing concentration of dietary protein.
Introduction: ‘A Weed in Nature’s Poesy’ — British Labouring-Class Nature Poetry, 1730–1837

In Essay on Criticism (1711), Alexander Pope aims to establish the criteria for poetic excellence. His work inspired poets of all backgrounds throughout the eighteenth century and Romantic period and often served as the standard against which their work was judged. Pope’s readers, then as now, brought a wide range of interpretations to the aesthetic dicta contained in the poem. One question that continues to invite critical contention is what precisely Pope means by ‘Nature’. Intellectual historians agree that the concept undergoes important changes in the century before Pope wrote, and the term’s semantic instability persists to this day. Nature is at once a physical space and a state of being. It is the site of dynamic processes and of eternal, unchanging Truth. Something is natural when it represents all that is not human as well as when it represents what is most human.2 Nature is set in opposition to the artificial (or ‘Art’) but Nature is also, as Pope’s poem argues, the foundation of all that is best in art. Whether the word appears with an upper- or a lower-case ‘n’ sometimes indicates the connotation the author wishes to convey, though not always.
Noncalcified Hypertrophic Ligamentum Flavum Causing Severe Cervical Stenosis and Myelopathy: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background Calcified hypertrophic ligamentum flavum is a known entity that causes myeloradiculopathy of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine and is seen more commonly in Asian populations. Noncalcified hypertrophic changes are less common and may mimic other epidural space-occupying lesions. Case Description A 59-year-old woman presented with progressive myelopathy, and imaging studies were consistent with an epidural space-occupying lesion from C4-T3. The patient underwent posterior cervical decompression and fusion with instrumentation. Pathology specimens revealed noncalcified hypertrophic ligamentum flavum. Conclusions To our knowledge, noncalcified hypertrophic ligamentum flavum causing progressive cervical myelopathy has never been reported in the English literature. This entity should be considered in cases with epidural masses causing progressive myelopathy.
The expression of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis components in infantile hemangioma tissue and the impact of propranolol treatment

BackgroundPropranolol's mechanism of action for controlling infantile hemangioma (IH) remains unclear. We hypothesize that this nonselective beta antagonist downregulates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) axis components, preventing angiogenic substrate induction of IH.MethodsIH tissue and serum were collected from children with propranolol-treated or -untreated IH during surgery. Normal skin and serum from demographically matched children were used as controls. Real-time PCR and western blot quantified RAA components in proliferative (n=10), involuting (n=10), propranolol-treated (n=12) IH, and normal specimens (n=11). Serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThere were significantly greater messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of angiotensinogen (AGT) in proliferating IH, but not in involuting or treated IH, when compared with controls (P<0.05). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor 1 (AGTR1) mRNA expression was higher in all IH specimens when comparedwith controls (P<0.05). ACE and AGTR1 protein expression was greater in proliferating IH tissue compared with that in controls and in involuting and treated IH tissue (P<0.05). ELISA showed no significant difference in ACE serum levels but did show a significant reduction in renin in involuting compared with proliferating IH (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe protein and mRNA expression of several RAA pathway constituents is elevated in IH tissue when compared with that in normal tissue. The action of propranolol on IH may be the result of reductions in ACE and AGTR1.
Complex Genital Trauma: Lessons Learned from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom

To discuss the contemporary management of genital trauma focusing on innovations that occurred as a result of the increased number of patients with genital trauma treated during contemporary armed conflicts. An unprecedented number of US service members sustained genital injuries during the recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Genital injuries were commonly one component of a complex pattern of polytrauma, usually including extremity amputation(s), pelvic fracture, and colorectal injuries. The initial management of genital injuries must adhere to damage control principles while ensuring adequate urinary drainage, genital tissue preservation, and early psychological assistance when needed. Long-term management must focus on the restoration of urinary, sexual, and reproductive function, each of which can be challenged by the negative impact polytrauma can have on each of these functions in the long term. Restoration and rehabilitation of urinary, sexual, and reproductive function is achievable in the majority of patients who sustain complex genital trauma provided a patient centered, multidisciplinary approach is followed. Future studies should focus on evaluating the long-term outcomes of genital trauma as well as investigating novel methods of genital reconstruction and fertility restoration.
Understanding Information and Communication Technology Use in Workplace Romance Escalation and De-Escalation:

The primary purpose of this study was to learn how and why information and communication technologies (ICTs) are used to initiate, maintain, and dissolve workplace romantic relationships, creating ...
Effect of chamber stabilization software on efficiency and chatter in a porcine lens model.

Purpose To evaluate the effects of the use of programmable chamber stabilization software (Chamber Stabilization Environment) settings on efficiency and chatter in a porcine lens model. Setting John A. Moran Eye Center Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Design Experimental study. Methods Porcine eyes were dissected and the lenses extracted. The lenses were then hardened and processed for the experiment. Phacoemulsification of the lens fragments was performed with the Whitestar Signature Pro with the Whitestar handpiece and a 0.9 mm straight Dewey tip with a 30-degree bevel. All arms of the study were run in peristaltic mode with 50 mL/minute aspiration, 100 cm bottle height, and on 100% power. The chamber stabilization software setting was used for each of the 4 study arms with a maximum vacuum of 500 mm Hg. Arm 1 included 20 runs with the up time set to 2000 milliseconds. Arm 2 was performed with similar settings but with an up time of 0 millisecond. Arms 3 and 4 were run with up times of 1000 milliseconds and 500 milliseconds, respectively. Results The mean efficiency time of each run was as follows: 0 millisecond = 1.4 seconds, 500 milliseconds = 0.95 seconds, 1000 milliseconds = 0.88 seconds, 2000 milliseconds = 0.93 seconds. When compared with 0 millisecond, each of the other arms were significantly faster. Chatter events were comparable between the study arms. Conclusion The chamber stabilization software does not decrease efficiency when compared with full vacuum on if at least 500 milliseconds of up time is maintained.
Mammography Quality Standards Act: Gains and Losses in Women's Health Care.

An examination of the effect that the Mammography Quality Standards Act has had on training and certification of radiologists and mammography technicians. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Quantitative CT scans of lung parenchymal pathology in premature infants ages 0-6 years.

BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common, heterogeneous disease in premature infants. We hypothesized that quantitative CT techniques could assess lung parenchymal heterogeneity in BPD patients across a broad age range and demonstrate how pathologies change over time. METHODS A cross-sectional, retrospective study of children age 0-6 years with non-contrast chest CT scans was conducted. BPD subjects met NICHD/NHLBI diagnostic criteria for BPD and were excluded for congenital lung/airway abnormalities or other known/suspected pulmonary diagnoses; control subjects were not premature and had normal CT scan findings. Radiologic opacities, lucencies, and spatial heterogeneity were quantified via: 1) thresholding using CT-attenuation (HU); 2) manual segmentation; and 3) Ochiai reader-scoring system. Clinical outcomes included BPD severity by NICHD/NHLBI criteria, respiratory support at NICU discharge, wheezing, and respiratory exacerbations. RESULTS Heterogeneity (standard deviation) of lung attenuation in BPD was significantly greater than in controls (difference 36.4 HU [26.1-46.7 HU], P < 0.001); the difference between the groups decreased 0.58 HU per month of age (0.08-1.07 HU per month, P = 0.02). BPD patients had greater amounts of opacities and lucencies than controls except with automated quantification of lucencies. Cross-sectionally, lucencies per Ochiai score and opacities per manual segmentation decreased with time. No approach measured a statistically significant relationship to BPD clinical severity. CONCLUSIONS Opacities, lucencies, and overall heterogeneity of lungs via quantitative CT can distinguish BPD patients from healthy controls, and these abnormalities decrease with age across BPD patients. Defining BPD severity by clinical outcomes such as respiratory support at several time points (vs a single time point, per current guidelines) may be meaningful.
Creatine supplementation does not alter the creatine kinase response to eccentric exercise in healthy adults on atorvastatin.

Background Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels are higher after eccentric, muscle-damaging exercise in statin-treated patients. This could contribute to the increased statin-associated muscle symptoms reported in physically active individuals. Objective We tested the hypothesis in this pilot study that creatine (Cr) monohydrate supplementation would reduce the CK response to eccentric exercise in patients using statins to determine if Cr supplementation could be a strategy to mitigate statin-associated muscle symptoms in physically active individuals. Methods Healthy, nonsmoking men (n = 5) and women (n = 14) were randomized to Cr monohydrate = atorvastatin 80 mg + 10 g Cr monohydrate (n = 10, age = 60 ± 7 years) or to placebo (PL) = atorvastatin 80 mg + PL (n = 9, age = 52 ± 6 years). After 4 weeks of treatment, subjects performed 45 minutes of eccentric exercise (downhill walking at a −15% grade). Serum CK levels, muscle soreness (visual analog scale after two squats), and muscle pain severity and interference (using the brief pain inventory) were measured before and after 4 weeks of treatment, and then for 4 consecutive days after downhill walking. Vitamin D, or serum 25(OH)D, was also measured at baseline. Results The PL group was younger (P = .01) but not otherwise different in blood lipids, vitamin D, CK, muscle visual analog scale, and pain scores before (all P > .21) or after (all P > .12) treatment. CK increased in all subjects after downhill walking (P Conclusion Cr monohydrate did not reduce CK increases after exercise in statin-treated subjects. We did observe that low vitamin D levels are associated with a greater CK response to eccentric exercise in statin-treated subjects.
Detecting Recovery Problems Just in Time: Application of Automated Linguistic Analysis and Supervised Machine Learning to an Online Substance Abuse Forum.

Background: Online discussion forums allow those in addiction recovery to seek help through text-based messages, including when facing triggers to drink or use drugs. Trained staff (or “moderators”) may participate within these forums to offer guidance and support when participants are struggling but must expend considerable effort to continually review new content. Demands on moderators limit the scalability of evidence-based digital health interventions. Objective: Automated identification of recovery problems could allow moderators to engage in more timely and efficient ways with participants who are struggling. This paper aimed to investigate whether computational linguistics and supervised machine learning can be applied to successfully flag, in real time, those discussion forum messages that moderators find most concerning. Methods: Training data came from a trial of a mobile phone-based health intervention for individuals in recovery from alcohol use disorder, with human coders labeling discussion forum messages according to whether or not authors mentioned problems in their recovery process. Linguistic features of these messages were extracted via several computational techniques: (1) a Bag-of-Words approach, (2) the dictionary-based Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program, and (3) a hybrid approach combining the most important features from both Bag-of-Words and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. These features were applied within binary classifiers leveraging several methods of supervised machine learning: support vector machines, decision trees, and boosted decision trees. Classifiers were evaluated in data from a later deployment of the recovery support intervention. Results: To distinguish recovery problem disclosures, the Bag-of-Words approach relied on domain-specific language, including words explicitly linked to substance use and mental health (“drink,” “relapse,” “depression,” and so on), whereas the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count approach relied on language characteristics such as tone, affect, insight, and presence of quantifiers and time references, as well as pronouns. A boosted decision tree classifier, utilizing features from both Bag-of-Words and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count performed best in identifying problems disclosed within the discussion forum, achieving 88% sensitivity and 82% specificity in a separate cohort of patients in recovery. Conclusions: Differences in language use can distinguish messages disclosing recovery problems from other message types. Incorporating machine learning models based on language use allows real-time flagging of concerning content such that trained staff may engage more efficiently and focus their attention on time-sensitive issues.
Who Intermarries? Education, Nativity, Region, and Interracial Marriage, 1980 and 1990*

This study examines interracial marriage among whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans, using PUMS data from the 1980 and the 1990 censuses. The level of interracial marriage is r...
The Rhetoric of Rights and Justice in Health Care

Discussions of contemporary health care policy are replete with claims about justice or equity in health care allocations and rights to treatment. In 1983 the President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research spoke of society’s “moral obligation” to ensure every citizen adequate health care without excessive burden, and concluded that government should meet this obligation ([14], pp.22, 30–32). In 1990 the American College of Physicians urged that “[a]ll Americans should be able to obtain appropriate health care services”, and that there should be a national policy to develop the health insurance coverage to “minimize financial barriers and assure access” to those services ([2], p. 658).
Body Image Development – Girl Children

Body image development begins during the preschool years and perhaps even during infancy. Preschool girls (4- to 6-year-old) already demonstrate anti-fat bias, social comparison, and, perhaps, body dissatisfaction. Body dissatisfaction and dieting are clearly evident among elementary school-age girls (6- to 12-year-old). Sociocultural, psychological, and biological variables have all been implicated as risk factors for body dissatisfaction. Girls who exhibit body dissatisfaction may also have lower self-esteem and engage in more dieting. Research needs are discussed as is the importance of universal prevention of body dissatisfaction.
InGaAs FinFETs 3D Sequentially Integrated on FDSOI Si CMOS with Record Perfomance

In this paper, we demonstrate InGaAs FinFETs 3D sequentially (3DS) integrated on top of a fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS. Top layer III-V FETs are fabricated using a Si CMOS compatible HKMG replacement gate flow and self-aligned raised source-drain regrowth. The low thermal budget of the top layer process caused no performance degradation of the lower level FETs. Record $\mathrm{\pmb{I}}_{\mathrm{ON}}$ of $200 \pmb{\mu} \mathrm{\pmb{A}/\mu} \mathrm{\pmb{m}}$ (at $\mathrm{\pmb{I_{OFF}}} =100\ \mathrm{\pmb{nA}/\mu} \mathrm{\pmb{m}}$ and $\mathrm{\pmb{V_{DD}}} =0.5\ \mathrm{\pmb{V}}$ ) for 3DS integrated III-V FETs on silicon is demonstrated, with a 50% reduction of Roncompared to previous work. The achieved improved performance can be attributed to the introduction of doped extensions underneath the gate region as well as improvements in the direct wafer bonding technique.
A New Algorithm for Local Blur-Scale Computation and Edge Detection

Precise and efficient object boundary detection is the key for successful accomplishment of many imaging applications involving object segmentation or recognition. Blur-scale at a given image location represents the transition-width of the local object interface. Hence, the knowledge of blur-scale is crucial for accurate edge detection and object segmentation. In this paper, we present new theory and algorithms for computing local blur-scales and apply it for scale-based gradient computation and edge detection. The new blur-scale computation method is based on our observation that gradients inside a blur-scale region follow a Gaussian distribution with non-zero mean. New statistical criteria using maximal likelihood functions are established and applied for local blur-scale computation. Gradient vectors over a blur-scale region are summed to enhance gradients at blurred object interfaces while leaving gradients at sharp transitions unaffected. Finally, a blur-scale based non-maxima suppression method is developed for edge detection. The method has been applied to both natural and phantom images. Experimental results show that computed blur-scales capture true blur extents at individual image locations. Also, the new scale-based gradient computation and edge detection algorithms successfully detect gradients and edges, especially at the blurred object interfaces.
Post-harvest kernel discoloration and fungi activity in long-grain hybrid, pureline and medium-grain rice cultivars as influenced by storage environment and antifungal treatment

Abstract Milled rice grade is diminished as the quantity of discolored kernels increases. This study evaluated the magnitude of kernel discoloration and relationship to fungal growth for long-grain hybrid (XL 753), long-grain pureline (Roy J.) and medium-grain (Titan) rice, exposed to storage moisture contents (MCs) of 16 and 21%, wet basis, temperatures of 20, 30, 40 °C, and durations up to 16 weeks. Impact of postharvest treatments with the antifungal agents, natamycin and sodium chloride, on rice discoloration and fungal growth was compared with untreated (control) samples. Subsamples were taken every four weeks to determine total fungal counts, discoloration, and water activity. Rice stored at 40 °C had six-to eleven-times more discoloration than at 20 °C. Increased storage duration significantly increased discoloration. Discoloration was not different between MC levels. Discoloration was significantly lower by sodium chloride treatment, while natamycin was not effective compared to control. Rice samples treated with sodium chloride also had significantly less water activity (mean aw = 0.73) compared to samples treated with natamycin (mean = 0.84) and control samples (mean = 0.83). Hybrid rice had significantly less discoloration compared to pureline and medium-grain. Fungal counts were similar across all cultivars. Increasing temperature and duration decreased fungal count. An inverse relation between fungi and discoloration suggests microbe activities did not explain discoloration. The findings provide important information to growers and processors on conditions necessary to maintain rice quality.
The Appeal of Panpsychism in Victorian Britain

This article argues that current trends in the humanities that embrace panpsychism, vibrant matter, object-oriented ontologies, and extended or dispersed conceptions of consciousness, could benefit from an examination of Victorian debates about panpsychism. The article does this by exploring panpsychism’s relation to Victorian theories of evolution, late nineteenth-century idealism, and above all to conversations about desire, will, and consciousness. The article suggests further that understanding Victorian panpsychism can illuminate key aspects of Victorian aesthetics: detail, pattern, and dispersal. Authors discussed include philosophers W.K. Clifford, William James, and May Sinclair; the article then turns to Victorian translations of Lucretius, the poetry of Swinburne, the designs of William Morris, and the literary theory of Vernon Lee.
Mechanochemically-assisted solvent-free and template-free synthesis of zeolites ZSM-5 and mordenite

Aluminosilicate-based zeolite materials, such as ZSM-5 and mordenite, are well-studied as catalysts. Typical approaches to synthesize these zeolites require either templates or seeds to direct ordered crystal growth and both of these are expensive and add to the complexity of zeolite synthesis. In this paper, we describe a solvent-free and template-free method to synthesize crystalline ZSM-5 and mordenite zeolites without any added seed crystals. Key to the success of this approach is a mechanochemical precursor pre-reaction step. High-energy ball-milling is used to initiate a solid-state metathesis (exchange) reaction between Na2SiO3 and Al2(SO4)3 reagents, forming crystalline Na2SO4 and well-mixed aluminosilicate precursor. The solid precursor mixture is thermally converted to crystalline ZSM-5 or mordenite at moderate 180 °C temperatures without solvents or an organic amine structure directing template. Variations in Si/Al ratios in the precursor mixture and additions of solid NaOH to the mechanochemical reaction were found to influence the subsequent growth of either crystalline ZSM-5 or mordenite zeolites. The crystalline zeolites from this solvent-free and template free method have high ∼300 m2 g−1 surface areas directly from the synthesis without requiring high-temperature calcination. These materials are also comparably active to their commercial counterparts in cellulose and glucose biomass catalytic conversion to hydroxymethylfurfural.
A standardized workflow to improve the consent process among patients initiating an oral anticancer drug.

259Background: The American Society of Clinical Oncology and The Oncology Nursing Society’s guidelines recommend that consent be obtained and patient education provided prior to oral anticancer dru...
Löfgren's syndrome sarcoidosis and Non-LS sarcoidosis prediction using 1d-Convolutional neural networks

Abstract Lofgren syndrome (LS) sarcoidosis and non-LS sarcoidosis (non-LS) can be very difficult to distinguish and identify due to their clinical and genetic similarities. However, these subclasses of sarcoidosis have different prognoses and thus require distinct treatments. For this reason, an accurate classification method is critical in diagnosing the correct form of sarcoidosis. We propose a method based on convolutional neural networks (CNN): we apply a one-dimensional CNN (1d-CNN) model to mass cytometry cell measurements and adapted feature map concatenation techniques to train on single-feature vectors. The model used the same 1d-CNN structure to predict on multiple cell input dimensions, including FCS files. The model achieved an area under the receiving operating characteristic curve score of 1.00 for the classification of LS versus non-LS patients on simulated multi-cell input data. We compared our model with nine state-of-the-art methods and showed that our model outperformed all others, with a mean F1 score of 0.98. In addition, the model's biomarker weights and molecular signature aligned with previous sarcoidosis biomarker research and yielded insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. The proposed model can be applied to provide the precise diagnosis and medical treatment for patients with both types of sarcoidosis.
Effects of tamoxifen on tendon homeostasis and healing: Considerations for the use of tamoxifen-inducible mouse models

The use of tamoxifen-inducible models of Cre recombinase in the tendon field is rapidly expanding, resulting in an enhanced understanding of tendon homeostasis and healing. However, the effects of tamoxifen on the tendon are not well-defined, which is particularly problematic given that tamoxifen can have both profibrotic and antifibrotic effects in a tissue-specific manner. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of tamoxifen on tendon homeostasis and healing in male and female C57Bl/6J mice. Tamoxifen-treated mice were compared to corn oil (vehicle)-treated mice. In the "washout" treatment regimen, mice were treated with tamoxifen or corn oil for 3 days beginning 1 week prior to undergoing complete transection and surgical repair of the flexor digitorum longus tendon. In the second regimen, mice were treated with tamoxifen or corn oil beginning on the day of surgery, daily through day 2 postsurgery, and every 48 hours thereafter (D0-2q48) until harvest. All repaired tendons and uninjured contralateral control tendons were harvested at day 14 postsurgery. Tamoxifen treatment had no effect on tendon healing in male mice, regardless of the treatment regimen, while Max load was significantly decreased in female repairs in the Tamoxifen washout group, relative to corn oil. In contrast, D0-2q48 corn oil treatment in female mice led to substantial disruptions in tendon homeostasis, relative to washout corn oil treatment. Collectively, these data clearly define the functional effects of tamoxifen and corn oil treatment in the tendon and inform future use of tamoxifen-inducible genetic models.
Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: Current update on prevalence, risk factors, and pharmacologic treatment.

Rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is one of the most serious extraarticular RA manifestations. RA-ILD is associated with worse physical function, lower quality of life, and increased mortality. RA-ILD is comprised of heterogeneous subtypes characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. Diagnosis can be difficult since the presentation of RA-ILD is characterized by non-specific symptoms and imaging findings. Management of RA-ILD is also challenging due to difficulty in precisely measuring pulmonary disease activity and response to treatment in patients who may also have articular inflammation. We provide a current overview of RA-ILD focusing on prevalence, risk factors, and treatment. Research interest in RA-ILD has increased in recent years. Some studies suggest that RA-ILD prevalence may be increasing; this may be due to underlying biologic drivers or increases in imaging and recognition. Novel RA-ILD risk factors include the MUC5B promoter variant, articular disease activity, autoantibodies, and biomarkers of damaged pulmonary parenchyma. Treatment should focus on controlling RA disease activity, which emerging data suggest may reduce RA-ILD risk. Immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic drugs may also treat RA-ILD. RA-ILD is an underrecognized and serious manifestation of RA, but important progress is being made in identifying risk factors and treatment.
Functional outcomes of children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy depend on etiology and gestational age.

Abstract Objective To elucidate the differences in etiology of dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP) between term-born and preterm-born children and its relationship to functional outcomes. Methods We determined the etiology of DCP based on the clinical course and brain MRI of 163 term-born and 136 preterm-born children. Information about genetic abnormality was also collected if available. Functional outcomes were compared between the two major etiologies in each group, i.e., hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and bilirubin encephalopathy (BE), using four standardized classification systems, i.e., Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Communication Function Classification System (CFCS), and Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS). Results The most common etiologies were HIE (123/163) in term-born and BE (93/136) in preterm-born children. Genetic mutations were identified in 14 of 30 term-born children with no other known etiology. GMFCS levels of the preterm children with BE were significantly poorer than those of term children with HIE (p Conclusion The most common etiology of DCP is different between term-born and preterm-born children, and the distribution of functional impairment is significantly influenced by etiology and gestational age. The difference should be taken into consideration to allow the provision of adequate interventions.
Decoupling Modes in Multi-Band Microstrip Patch Antennas

In this article, an elegant approach is presented for designing multi-band multi-mode rectangular microstrip antennas (MSAs) with high isolation between the bands. The coupling properties of a gap (an extended slot), which is introduced in a rectangular MSA operating in the $TM_{010}$ and $TM_{100}$ modes, are first qualitatively explained through field equivalence theory and image theory. It is shown that even though the slot appears “transparent” (i.e., strongly couples the two sections of the MSA) to the $TM_{010}$ mode, it effectively decouples the two sections of the MSA in the $TM_{100}$ mode. As a proof-of-concept, the design technique is applied to a conventional patch to achieve dual-band operation with $39~dB$ of measured isolation between the bands. The design concept is then extended to achieve a quad-band antenna design with $30~dB$ of measured isolation between all of its bands. Compared to other methods the proposed one preserves the low-profile of microstrip antennas and provides a simple way to design and fabricate multi-band and multi-mode antennas. Therefore, this method is very well suited for designing antennas for next generation communication systems.
Residential Appliance-Level Load Forecasting with Deep Learning

Short-term forecasting of the electric load in a household received significant research interest, with applications that include smart grid systems and the possibility to reduce the energy cost to the homeowner. Most previous research focused on forecasting the load at the level of the whole household. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for forecasting the load of individual electronic devices. Our approach uses a recurrent deep neural network with Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) cells. We train and validate the system using real-world datasets, and show that the approach outperforms the baseline forecasting approaches.
Numerical Study of the Aerodynamic Performance of a Stationary H-Darrieus-Type Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine

This paper presents a computational study of aH-Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine with three straight blades by using ANSYS Fluent 6.3.26 software. Two dimensional (2D) CFD simulations were carried out in order to determine the effect of solidity on the aerodynamic performance (statictorque coefficientand static pressure) for wind turbine. The simulation results with the Realizable k-e turbulence model are presented for three configurations of the blade chord length with 0.47 m, 0.53 m and 0.6 m. The results show that thesmall blade chord length presents a lower static torque coefficient, which increases with the increasing of the blade chord length.1
Competing risks of women and men who use fentanyl: "The number one thing I worry about would be my safety and number two would be overdose".

Abstract Background Standard public health approaches to risk communication do not address the gendered dynamics of drug use. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of fentanyl-related risks among women and men to inform future risk communication approaches. Methods We conducted a qualitative study, purposively sampling English-speaking women and men, aged 18–25 or 35+ years, with past 12-month illicitly manufactured fentanyl use. In-depth individual interviews explored experiences of women and men related to overdose and fentanyl use. We conducted a grounded content analysis examining specific codes related to overdose and other health or social risks attributed to drug use. Using a constant comparison technique, we explored commonalities and differences in themes between women and men. Results The study enrolled twenty-one participants, 10 women and 11 men. All participants had personal overdose experiences. Both women and men described overdosing as a “chronic” condition and expressed de-sensitization to the risk of overdose. Women and men described other risks around health, safety, and state services that often superseded their fear of overdose. Women feared physical and sexual violence and prioritized caring for children and maintaining relations with child protective services, while men feared violence arising from obtaining and using street drugs and incarceration. Only women reported that fear of violence prevented their utilization of harm reduction services. Conclusions Experiences with overdose and risk communication among people who use fentanyl-containing opioids varied by gender. The development of gender-responsive programs that address targeted concerns may be an avenue to enhance engagement with harm reduction and treatment services and create safe spaces for women not currently accessing available services.
Hepatitis C Virus: Nonstructural protein 5A and interferon resistance

The observation that a poor IFN response in clinical trials correlated with a high degree of variability of quasispecies (Kanazawa et al., 1994; Chayama et al., 1995; Koizumi et al., 1995) (Ch. 9) implies that mutations in one or more HCV gene products may alter the sensitivity of the virus to IFN. Further work revealed the presence of an IFN sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) within the carboxy-terminal region of the NS5A polypeptide that spans amino acid residues 2209–2248 (Enomoto et al., 1995, 1996), which may be selected for during the course of IFN therapy (Enomoto et al., 1994). Patients that failed to respond to IFN therapy had one sequence within this region, while patients that were IFN responders had a ISDR sequence that differed in 4–11 amino acid residues. Among HCV sequences reported in the literature, the NS5A sequence associated with IFN resistance was identical to that of subtype 1b (Kato et al., 1990), implying that subtype 1b was associated with IFN resistance. The existence of an ISDR was confirmed by independent studies in Japan (Chayama et al., 1997; Kurosaki et al., 1997), but the correlation broke down when similarly designed studies were reported from other countries (Hofgartner et al., 1997; Squadrito et al., 1997).
Introduction to Adic Tropicalization

This is an expository article on the adic tropicalization of algebraic varieties. We outline joint work with Sam Payne in which we put a topology and structure sheaf of local topological rings on the exploded tropicalization. The resulting object, which blends polyhedral data of the tropicalization with algebraic data of the associated initial degenerations, is called the adic tropicalization. It satisfies a theorem of the form “Huber analytification is the limit of all adic tropicalizations.” We explain this limit theorem in the present article, and illustrate connections between adic tropicalization and the curve complexes of O. Amini and M. Baker.
Gait recognition by combining classifiers based on environmental contexts

Human gait properties can be affected by various environmental contexts such as walking surface and carrying objects. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for individual recognition by combining different gait classifiers with the knowledge of environmental contexts to improve the recognition performance. Different classifiers are designed to handle different environmental contexts, and context specific features are explored for context characterization. In the recognition procedure, we can determine the probability of environmental contexts in any probe sequence according to its context features, and apply the probabilistic classifier combination strategies for the recognition. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Meat, Poultry, Fish, and Dry Beans

Meat is the edible portion of mammals—the flesh of animals used for food. “Meat” may include rabbit, venison, and other game, as well as the nonmammals poultry and fish. The flesh from various animals may be used as food throughout the world.