cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3372: Mouse keratinocyte side-population plays an important role during malignant progression to skin squamous cell carcinomas

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL A subset of cells, termed side-population (SP), with characteristics of adult stem cells (SC) has been identified in several tissues, cell lines, as well as human and experimental tumors. The main feature of these putative stem cells is the high efflux capability for antimitotic drugs. The role of this SP in tumorigenesis is controversial; though, a role as cancer stem cells has been reported. Here, we have investigated whether a functionally equivalent SP exists in cell lines derived from mouse epidermis and skin tumors in order to define the extent of which the presence of SP is associated with tumor progression. We observed increased percentage of the SP in cell lines derived from skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs; cell lines CH72 and JWF2) compared with those arose from skin papillomas (308 and MT1/2) and mouse epidermis (C50). Side populations were isolated by the high capability to efflux Hoechst upon FACS analysis. Interestingly, qRT-PCR analysis of SP and non-SP shows elevated expression of the ABCG2/BCRP1 transporter -which participates in the dye efflux- in SP; while the expression of the hair follicle stem cell markers keratin 15 (K15), CD34 and Lgr6 were similar between SP and non-SP. These results suggest that the SP is not related to the well characterized stem cells from the bulge region of the hair follicle (BuSC). Importantly, the relevant correlation among the SP size and tumor progression suggests that these cells are positively selected during tumor progression. In order to localize the SP in mouse epidermis and tumors, we performed immunofluorescence analysis of skin papillomas and SCCs generated through the two-stage carcinogenesis protocol. We identified the ABCG2 transporter in a region near and above the BuSC area. Notably, this region was also positive for the thymic epithelial progenitor marker MTS24 which defines a keratinocyte population with characteristic of stem cells. Importantly, the ABCG2 transporter and MTS24 were localized in patches of cells on the proliferative basal cell layer of skin papillomas. Furthermore, we observed an elevated number of putative stem cells expressing ABCG2 and MTS24 in tumors from our previously published K5CDK4 mouse which showed increased malignant progression to SCC. Collectivelly, our results suggest that a putative stem cell population –different from the BuSCs–, play an important role during the malignant progression SCC. Supported by NIH grant CA116328. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3372. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3372
Chemical shifts of N14 in the NMR spectra of nitrates, nitrites, and nitro-compounds

Abstract The nuclear magnetic resonances of N 14 in the nitrate groups LiNO 3 , NaNO 3 , KNO 3 , AgNO 3 , Ag(NH 3 ) 2 NO 3 , Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , Cd(NO 3 ) 2 , UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 , and Al(NO 3 ) 3 have a zero chemical shift with respect to the N 14 peak in the nitrate group of NH 4 NO 3 ; the line widths of these resonances are the same. The N 14 peak in HNO 3 is of comparable width but has a large positive shift that is concentration dependent; this observation is in agreement with earlier studies. The N 14 peak in the paramagnetic salt Cu(NO 3 ) 2 has a large concentration-dependent positive shift. The organic compounds containing NO 2 groups showed positive shifts and line widths approximately 4 times that of the normal nitrates. The N 14 resonance in NaNO 2 is 20 times the width of the normal nitrate resonance and has a large negative shift. The results are discussed.
Stepwise Optimal Subspace Pursuit for Improving Sparse Recovery

We propose a new iterative algorithm to reconstruct an unknown sparse signal x from a set of projected measurements y = Φx . Unlike existing methods, which rely crucially on the near orthogonality of the sampling matrix Φ , our approach makes stepwise optimal updates even when the columns of Φ are not orthogonal. We invoke a block-wise matrix inversion formula to obtain a closed-form expression for the increase (reduction) in the L2-norm of the residue obtained by removing (adding) a single element from (to) the presumed support of x . We then use this expression to design a computationally tractable algorithm to search for the nonzero components of x . We show that compared to currently popular sparsity seeking matching pursuit algorithms, each step of the proposed algorithm is locally optimal with respect to the actual objective function. We demonstrate experimentally that the algorithm significantly outperforms conventional techniques in recovering sparse signals whose nonzero values have exponentially decaying magnitudes or are distributed N(0,1) .
Enhanced Aluminum Properties by Means of Precise Droplet Deposition

The use of molten aluminum droplets is investigated for potential application to precision droplet-based net-form manufacturing (PDM). In the proposed application, final structural components are made from the raw stock in one integrated operation by depositing molten metal droplets, layer after layer, via computer information. This work investigates the feasibility of the proposed technology by investigating the issues associated with generating molten aluminum droplets from capillary stream break-up, and examining the mechanical characteristics of the fabricated aluminum components. New results are presented which illustrate the generation of stable streams of molten aluminum droplets at rates of 24,000 droplets/second for a droplet stream speed of 10.9 m/s, corresponding to throughput rates of 2.3 × 10 -4 kg/s (1.85 lb./hour). The droplets travel 2,500 droplet diameters in an inert environment before impingement with the substrate. Microstructural images are completely devoid of splat boundaries, which have been removed by remelting, and the grain size is approximately uniform throughout the field of view of the image that, in most cases presented, contains easily upwards of 30 splats. Also, it has been found that the presence of aluminum oxide in the melt does not influence the average grain size of the component. An oxide barrier however will encapsulate each grain if the oxides are not removed by filtration in the pre-jetting stage. The presence of aluminum oxide in the melt does not prohibit the removal of the splat boundaries. Mechanical analysis shows that fabrication with molten aluminum droplet deposition results in a 30 percent increase in ultimate tensile strength compared to the raw ingot stock.
A generalized hard-sphere model for the irradiation induced viscosity of amorphous binary alloys

Abstract The entropy of mixing of binary alloys using a generalized hard-sphere model of binary fluids is considered in an application to alloys that undergo an irradiation-induced crystalline–amorphous transformation at temperatures significantly below the melting temperature. The model is based on the observation that many amorphous materials respond in a “liquid like” manner while under irradiation. The generalization of the model to include attractive forces is obtained by adding the effect of a uniform negative background potential to the hard-sphere model. An application of the method is demonstrated for U–Si, U–Al and Al–Si irradiated alloys. Because of the scarcity of experimental information, estimates of the binary alloy formation enthalpy made using the empirical Miedema method are employed. Thermal expansion coefficients are estimated using the quantum approximate BFS method assuming solid solution. The model is used to calculate the viscosity of the alloys as a function of composition.
Studies of the Mechanistic Details of the pH-dependent Association of Botulinum Neurotoxin with Membranes

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) belongs to a large class of toxic proteins that act by enzymatically modifying cytosolic substrates within eukaryotic cells. The process by which a catalytic moiety is transferred across a membrane to enter the cytosol is not understood for any such toxin. BoNT is known to form pH-dependent pores important for the translocation of the catalytic domain into the cytosol. As a first step toward understanding this process, we investigated the mechanism by which the translocation domain of BoNT associates with a model liposome membrane. We report conditions that allow pH-dependent proteoliposome formation and identify a sequence at the translocation domain C terminus that is protected from proteolytic degradation in the context of the proteoliposome. Fluorescence quenching experiments suggest that residues within this sequence move to a hydrophobic environment upon association with liposomes. EPR analyses of spin-labeled mutants reveal major conformational changes in a distinct region of the structure upon association and indicate the formation of an oligomeric membrane-associated intermediate. Together, these data support a model of how BoNT orients with membranes in response to low pH.
Power spectrum of small-scale density irregularities in the interstellar medium.

Observations of the interstellar scintillation of radiation from 17 pulsars are reported which are used to place limits on the power spectrum of small-scale electron density irregularities in the interstellar medium. Measurements made at 340, 408, and 450 MHz in the dispersion measure range 3-57/cu cm pc of the time-dependent radio frequency spectrum of interstellar scintillations were analyzed to determine the scintillation index and a scintillation frequency-correlation scale based on the autocorrelation function in radio frequency of the fluctuations in scintillation. The dispersion-measure dependence of the scintillation frequency correlation scale is found to be consistent with both Gaussian model interstellar medium spectra and power-law spectra with indices between 3.0 and 4, while the radio-frequency scaling of the frequency correlation scale is consistent with power law indices between 2.8 and 3.9. However comparison of the shape of the radio-frequency autocorrelation function with model calculations indicates power law models with indices greater than 3.6 are possible. Data are also consistent with a local three-dimensional density spectrum at a wave number of 10 to the -9th/m of 3 x 10 to the 28th to 3 x 10 to the 29th/cu m.
Probing charged matter through h → γγ, gamma ray lines, and EDMs

Numerous experiments currently underway offer the potential to indirectly probe new charged particles with masses at the weak scale. For example, the tentative excess in h → γγ decays and the tentative gamma-ray line in Fermi-LAT data have recently attracted attention as possible one-loop signatures of new charged particles. We explore the interplay between such signals, dark matter direct detection through Higgs exchange, and measurements of the electron EDM, by studying the size of these effects in several models. We compute one-loop effects to explore the relationship among couplings probed by different experiments. In particular, models in which dark matter and the Higgs both interact with charged particles at a detectable level typically induce, at loop level, couplings between dark matter and the Higgs that are around the level of current direct detection sensitivity. Intriguingly, one-loop h → γγ and DM DM → γγ, two-loop EDMs, and loop-induced direct detection rates are all coming within range of existing experiments for approximately the same range of charged particle masses, offering the prospect of an exciting coincidence of signals at collider, astrophysical, underground and atomic physics measurements.
Making the Case for the Case Method in Graduate Social Work Education

Abstract This article begins with the historical roots of the case method followed by a general description of the approach to teaching, development of cases, and the instructor's role when using the traditional case method. Several studies, which validate the efficacy of the case method, were then explored. Potential benefits and outcomes for using the case method as a teaching tool in graduate social work education were then addressed.
Task Analysis of General Aviation Inspection Activities: Methodology and Findings

General Aviation (GA) constitutes a significant, but often ignored, portion of the aviation system. It is crucial that GA be reliable if we are to ensure the safety of the overall air transportation system. The inspection/maintenance system, which is responsible for identifylng and fixing defects, is a key component of this system. For this reason, it is critical to have a sound inspection and maintenance system. In response to this need, this paper reports task analyses of aircraft inspection operations at geographically dispersed GA facilities operated under the Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 91, 135, and 145. Recommendations forthcoming from hs analysis will be used to devise intervention strategies to improve inspection performance. As a first, this paper outlines the methodology used and the preliminary results obtained.
Efficient Phase Modulation in Substrate Removed GaAs/AlGaAs Nanowires

Substrate removed GaAs/AlGaAs nanowire waveguides are fabricated with 2 pi /V-cm phase shift efficiency utilizing linear electro-optic and free carrier effects. The proper orientation of the waveguides is essential in realizing maximum phase shift efficiency.
Older siblings influence younger siblings' motor development

Evidence exists for two competing theories about the effects of having an older sibling on development. Previous research has found that having an older sibling has both advantages and disadvantages for younger siblings’ development. This study examined whether and how older siblings influenced the onset of their own younger siblings’ motor milestones, a heretofore unstudied developmental domain in the sibling literature. Parents of 51 sibling pairs reported their children’s crawling and walking onset dates. In keeping with imitation theories, in families where younger siblings crawled or walked earlier than their own older sibling, they did so significantly earlier. Moreover, in keeping with limited parental resource theories, in families where older siblings crawled or walked earlier than their own younger sibling, they did so significantly earlier. Older siblings did influence younger siblings’ motor development, but how they did so may have depended on unique family characteristics. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tandem High-dose Chemotherapy Followed by Autologous Transplantation in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Sarcoma

Background: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic/recurrent soft tissue and Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) have few treatment options. The purpose of our phase II study was to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of tandem high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in such patients. Patients and Methods: Thirteen patients were enrolled onto this study. The first cycle of HDCT consisted of doxorubicin (150 mg/m 2 ) and ifosfamide (14 g/m 2 ) mixed with mesna (14 g/m 2 ), while the second cycle consisted of melphalan (150 mg/m 2 ) and cisplatin (200 mg/m 2 ). Results: Eleven out of 13 patients were able to complete both cycles of HDCT. No treatment-related mortality occurred and grade 3 or 4 toxicity was clinically tolerable. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for all patients was 23% (confidence interval, CI: 0-46% ) and 31% (CI: 14-70% ), respectively. Out of the four patients still alive, two had EWS and measurable disease at the time of ASCT and achieved a complete remission, remaining progression free 126 and 155 months after ASCT. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of tandem HDCT in patients with high- risk or metastatic/recurrent sarcoma, with some patients achieving long-term PFS and OS.
Expression of the Effector Protein IncD in Chlamydia trachomatis Mediates Recruitment of the Lipid Transfer Protein CERT and the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Resident Protein VAPB to the Inclusion Membrane

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human pathogen responsible for ocular and genital infections. To establish its membrane-bound intracellular niche, the inclusion, C. trachomatis relies on a set of effector proteins that are injected into the host cells or inserted into the inclusion membrane. We previously proposed that insertion of the C. trachomatis effector protein IncD into the inclusion membrane contributes to the recruitment of the lipid transfer protein CERT to the inclusion. Due to the genetically intractable status of C. trachomatis at that time, this model of IncD-CERT interaction was inferred from ectopic expression of IncD and CERT in the host cell. In the present study, we investigated the impact of conditionally expressing a FLAG-tagged version of IncD in C. trachomatis. This genetic approach allowed us to establish that IncD-3×FLAG localized to the inclusion membrane and caused a massive recruitment of the lipid transfer protein CERT that relied on the PH domain of CERT. In addition, we showed that the massive IncD-dependent association of CERT with the inclusion led to an increased recruitment of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein VAPB, and we determined that, at the inclusion, CERT-VAPB interaction relied on the FFAT domain of CERT. Altogether, the data presented here show that expression of the C. trachomatis effector protein IncD mediates the recruitment of the lipid transfer protein CERT and the ER-resident protein VAPB to the inclusion.
Optimizing data center cooling infrastructures using exergothermovolumes

Exergo-thermo-volumes provide a novel approach to simultaneously quantify the thermofluidic performance, operational cost, and environmental sustainability of a given thermal management system. In this work, we demonstrate the use of exergo-thermo-volumes to optimize the cooling infrastructure of a data center along the above criteria. The paper begins with an overview of the methodology and its use in the form of multi-component network models. Using such a network, a performance assessment model is proposed that takes into account the key vectors of thermofluidic performance, energy efficiency (operational cost), and environmental sustainability of a given system. We then apply the methodology for data center management. By applying to an example case study of a traditional data center, we show how an exergo-thermo-volume network can be used to gain insight into the design and operation of the compute as well as cooling infrastructures. Differences in infrastructure performance across various operating environments are discussed, and an optimal design that trades off key vectors of thermofluidic performance, operational cost and environmental sustainability is developed. The paper concludes by reflecting upon a generalized design and management strategy for sustainable design of future data center architectures.
A cocktail of contaminants: how mixtures of pesticides at low concentrations affect aquatic communities

The ubiquity of anthropogenic chemicals in nature poses a challenge to understanding how ecological communities are impacted by them. While we are rapidly gaining an understanding of how individual contaminants aVect communities, communities are exposed to suites of contaminants yet investigations of the eVects of diverse contaminant mixtures in aquatic communities are rare. I examined how a single application of Wve insecticides (malathion, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and endosul- fan) and Wve herbicides (glyphosate, atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor, and 2,4-D) at low concentrations (2-16 p.p.b.) aVected aquatic communities composed of zooplankton, phytoplankton, periphyton, and larval amphibians (gray tree frogs, Hyla versicolor, and leopard frogs, Rana pipi- ens). Using outdoor mesocosms, I examined each pesticide alone, a mix of insecticides, a mix of herbicides, and a mix of all ten pesticides. Individual pesticides had a wide range of direct and indirect eVects on all trophic groups. For some taxa (i.e., zooplankton and algae), the impact of pesticide mixtures could largely be predicted from the impacts of individual pesticides; for other taxa (i.e., amphibians) it could not. For amphibians, there was an apparent direct toxic eVect of endosulfan that caused 84% mortality of leopard frogs and an indirect eVect induced by diazinon that caused 24% mortality of leopard frogs. When pesticides were combined, the mix of herbicides had no negative eVects on the survival and metamorphosis of amphibians, but the mix of insecticides and the mix of all ten pesticides eliminated 99% of leopard frogs. Interestingly, these mix- tures did not cause mortality in the gray tree frogs and, as a result, the gray tree frogs grew nearly twice as large due to reduced competition with leopard frogs. In short, wetland communities can be dramatically impacted by low concen- trations of pesticides (both separate and combined) and these results oVer important insights for the conservation of wetland communities.
A tree-based adaptive scheme for solution of the equations of gas dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics

Abstract A solution-adaptive scheme for solving the partial differential equations governing gas dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics is presented. The scheme makes use of a hierarchically structured mesh, in which the cells of the mesh are stored in a quadtree data structure. The scheme is based on a positive linear reconstruction method coupled with an upwind-biased flux function and a multi-stage time-stepping scheme. The upwind flux function for gas dynamics is presented briefly, and the corresponding flux function for the equations governing ideal magnetohydrodynamics is formulated and discussed. Results are presented for problems in gas dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics.
I–Frances M. Kamm

In this article I am concerned with whether it could be morally significant to distinguish between doing something ‘in order to bring about an effect’ as opposed to ‘doing something because we will bring about an effect’. For example, the Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) tells us that we should not act in order to bring about evil, but even if this is true is it perhaps permissible to act only because an evil will thus occur? I discuss these questions in connection with a version of the so-called Trolley Problem known as the Loop Case. I also consider how these questions may bear on whether a rational agent must aim at an event which he believes is causally necessary to achieve an end he pursues.
Profile of Thomas Südhof, James Rothman, and Randy Schekman, 2013 Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine

Brunger. Jahn. Novick. Rizo-Rey. Rothman. Schekman. Scheller. Sudhof. The 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Thomas Sudhof, James Rothman, and Randy Schekman for their pioneering studies of membrane vesicle trafficking. In systems as diverse as the human brain and baker's yeast and with approaches from mouse genetics and electrophysiology to enzymology to powerful genetic screens, they have unraveled this process, illuminating basic cell biology. Their studies provide molecular understanding to neurotransmission, regulated insulin secretion, and a host of human diseases. In 1974, Palade and de Duve were recognized for discovering the secretory pathway and demonstrating its directionality through electron microscopy and pulse/chase kinetics in combination with organelle fractionation. Although whole realms of cell biology of comparable complexity were by then understood in some detail, from intermediary metabolism to DNA replication, transcription, and translation, the catalysts and mechanisms of the secretory pathway were completely unknown. In the secretory pathway, newly made proteins are captured in vesicles that bud from the endoplasmic reticulum, fuse to the Golgi, and travel through that organelle into secretory vesicles that fuse at the plasma membrane. Schekman was born in Minnesota and grew up in Los Angeles, saving his money as a lad for his first microscope and entering science fairs. At University of California–Los Angeles, he worked with Dan Ray on bacteriophage replication, and then brought this passion to … [↵][1]1E-mail: William.T.Wickner{at}dartmouth.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A low-impedance load detector circuit for optical interconnects

Optical interconnects provide an alternative for long-distance electrical clock distribution in high-speed VLSI circuits. In an optical interconnect system, the response of the detector circuit is an important factor in determining the speed of the overall system. A simple, low-impedance nMOS detector circuit is presented and modeled for optical interconnect application in CMOS systems. A maximum-current parameter is defined and optimized to improve the circuit response. For 0.5-mW optical input power and a 25- mu m-diameter detector, response times of 2.2, 1.1, and 0.8 ns can be achieved with typical 2.0-, 1.0-, and 0.5- mu m technologies. With higher optical power or a smaller detector diameter, the response is faster. Analytical results, SPICE simulations, and preliminary experimental results are illustrated and discussed. >
The Catophragmidae: members of the basal balanomorph radiation

The Catophragmidae are divided into the subfamilies Catophragminae, in the northern hemisphere, and Catomerinae n. subfam., in the southern hemisphere. The former includes Catophragmus and Catolasmus n. gen., and the latter, Catomerus. All of the genera are considered monotypic, but our preliminary studies suggest there may be two species of Catomerus in Australian and Tasmanian waters and two, if not three, species of Catophragmus in the Caribbean and Western-Atlantic regions. A computer-based phylogenetic analysis of relationships among basal balanomorphs and certain other barnacles that exhibit apparently more plesiomorphic grades of organization results in a fully resolved branching tree with the chionelasmatids occupying the most basal position among the balanomorphs. Waikalasma is placed in Waikalasmatidae, n. fam., and assigned to the Superorder Chionelasmatoidea
Liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) beam steerer for holographic data storage

Nonmechanical beam-steering devices have many applications in optical data storage. We developed a low-cost, low-voltage operation but high performance nonmechanical beam-steering device with liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) technology.
Anicius Auchenius Bassus, African Red Slip Ware, and the Church

Some years ago a remarkable rectangular ceramic panel of North-African type appeared at auction in London. The object made its way to Boston, where it was in the collection of Cornelius C. Vermeule III, who placed it on loan at the Museum of Fine Arts. The technical term in English to describe the fabric of this kind of ceramic is "African Red Slip Ware (ARS)". ARS images of Peter and Paul tend to flank a monogrammatic cross. Placing the consul in a central position between the two major saints of Rome and Christianity is a remarkable intertwining of religious and secular imagery. This deviation from standard iconographic practice and the involvement of Anicius Auchenius Bassus makes sense in a particular political and ideological context, one that was of relatively short duration.Keywords: African red slip ware (ARS); Anicius Auchenius Bassus; Christianity; Rome
Towards remote policy enforcement for runtime protection of mobile code using trusted computing

We present an approach to protect mobile code and agents at runtime using Trusted Computing (TC) technologies. For this purpose, a “mobile policy” is defined by the mobile code originator, and is enforced by the runtime environment in a remote host to control which users can run the mobile code and what kind of results a user can observe, depending on the security properties of the user. The separation of policy specification and implementation mechanism in existing mobile computing platform such as Java Runtime Environment (JRE) enables the implementation of our approach by leveraging current security technologies. The main difference between our approach and existing runtime security models is that the policies enforced in our model are intended to protect the resources of the mobile applications instead of the local system resources. This requires the remote runtime environment to be trusted by the application originator to authenticate the remote user and enforce the policy. Emerging TC technologies such as specified by the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) provide assurance of the runtime environment of a remote host.
Meta Change Queue: Tracking Changes to People, Places, and Things

Managing information flow between different parts of the enterprise information infrastructure can be a daunting task. We have grown too large to send the complete lists around anymore, instead we need to send just the changes of interest to the systems that want them. In addition, we wanted to eliminate "sneaker net" and have the systems communicate directly without human intervention. Some of our applications required real time updates, and for all cases, we needed to respect the "business rules" of the destination systems when entering information. This paper describes a general method for propagating changes of information while respecting the needs of the target systems.
Parametric multicasting of 320 Gb/s OTDM data

We report, for the first time, simultaneous wavelength conversion for WDM multicasting of an optical time division multiplexed single data channel at 320 Gb/s using a 2-pump fiber optic parametric amplifier.
Limited feedback diversity techniques for correlated channels

Employing multiple antennas at the transmitter is a well-established technique for providing diversity advantage in wireless systems. Transmit beamforming relies on the assumption of current channel knowledge at the transmitter, which is unrealistic when the forward and reverse links are separated in frequency. One solution to this problem is for the receiver to send a small number of feedback bits that convey channel information to the transmitter. Feedback design techniques have been proposed over the past few years, but they were derived using the assumption of spatially uncorrelated Rayleigh fading. This correspondence addresses the design of limited feedback beamformers when the channel is correlated.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF WITHIN-TREE COLONIZATION BY DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Within-tree colonization by Dendroctonus frontalis infesting loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., was investigated. Two components of the colonization process were studied: the establishment of attacking adults (ATK) and the ensuing construction of egg galleries (GL). Data on the two variables were taken from standing trees beginning at the time of initial attack and continuing for 14 consecutive days.The spatial and temporal sequence of ATK was described for 1.5 m intervals along the infested bole for the duration of the process. A three parameter nonlinear function was used to describe the data. The pattern of attack was also described as an average process for the entire tree using the same model. A frequency histogram encompassing the range in variation for peak ATK from 134 trees was prepared to provide starting values for simulation purposes.The spatial and temporal sequence of GL construction was described using essentially the same approach as employed for ATK. The modeling process was complicated by loss or obscuring of GL from the radiograph by omission errors and foraging by Monochamus spp. and other associates. GL construction was also described as an average function for the entire tree and the rate of GL construction was defined. A frequency histogram of peak GL was prepared from data on 54 trees for use in selecting starting values for simulation purposes.Numerical relationships between ATK and GL were defined by combining the data on ATK and cumulative expected GL.
Bone Cell Viability on Methacrylic Acid Grafted and Collagen Immobilized Porous Poly (3-hydroxybutrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate

Porous poly(3-hydroxybutrate-co-3-hydroxy-valerate) (PHBV) film was prepared by solute leaching of salt/ PHBV cast film. The surface chemistry of the PHBV membrane was modified by performing graft polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) on ozone treated porous PHBV film, followed by immobilization of type I collagen. The surface characteristics of the modified and nonmodified porous films were measured by water contact angle. The rat osteosarcoma cell line UMR-106 osteoblast like cells were used as model cells to evaluate the cell viability on surfaces. The initial cell attachment, growth pattern, and proliferation as measured by MTT assay were used to evaluate the bone cell viability on the modified and nonmodified films. Among the PHBV films studied, the nonmodified porous PHBV and the porous PHBV film type I collagen dip coated showed no significant difference in cell attachment and proliferation, while the porous PHBV membrane that was collagen immobilized after MAA grafting showed considerable activity of osteoblast like cells.
OVERSHOOTING OF AGRICULTURAL PRICES IN FOUR ASIAN ECONOMIES

This article examines the impacts of monetary policy on agricultural prices in four Asian economies using time series analysis and graph theory. The estimations clearly show that agricultural prices overshoot their long-run equilibrium values for Korea, Philippines, and Thailand, and the overshooting for agricultural prices is larger than for manufactured prices. Impulse-response functions and variance-decomposition analysis based on directed graphs and causal structures highlight the complex interplay among the variables in the model and how those relationships differ by country. Money supply changes clearly affect real variables and relative prices for all countries either through overshooting or non-neutrality of money.
Spatial/Temporal Resolution of Multiple Sources: Paths of Activation in Human Visual Cortex

We have employed neuromagnetic mapping techniques to characterize neural responses evoked by sinusoidal gratings presented at various locations in the visual field. A primary goal of this work has been to localize the neurophysiological processes which underlie response components empirically defined in previous event-related potential (ERP) studies. Our analyses have focused on temporal as well as spatial tracking of sources because the combination permits more powerful inferences concerning the number and location of active neural sources (1–4).
Financial Management of Family and Closely Held Firms: Overview of the Course, Course Overview

Most companies around the world are controlled by their founding families, including more than half of all public corporations in the U.S. and Europe, and more than two thirds of these in Asia. These companies are the subject of the Financial Management of Family and Closely Held Firms course, an elective MBA course at Harvard Business School. The course introduces students to the unique finance, governance, and management issues faced by family firms, and to the ways in which these issues can be addressed. The course provides students with a framework for analyzing how family ownership, control, and management affect value, and whether and how more value can be created for the various stakeholders in family firms. The course is designed for students who may be involved with these companies in a variety of roles, including those of founders, shareholders, or managers of their own family's firm, as well as those of non-family managers and employees, investors or business partners (e.g., private equity investors), and advisors of various kinds (e.g., Investment bankers, board members, or consultants).
Are the terms “socio-economic status” and “class status” a warped form of reasoning for Max Weber?

Are the terms “socio-economic status” and “class status” a warped form of reasoning for Max Weber?
Investigation on dietary pattern of urban and rural residents in Guangxi

Objective To investigate the main food consumption of urban and rural residents in Guangxi for reasonably adjusting residents' dietary pattern.Methods Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method,the dietary investigation of the residents in 6chronic disease monitoring sites was carried out and evaluated according to the Chinese Balanced Diet Pagoda(CBDP).Results The mean daily intake of grain and potato was at a reasonable level(379.7g);The livestock and poultry meat were excessive intake,the deviation rate was 120.7%;The inadequate-intake food included the kinds of milk,bean,egg,aquatic products,fruit and vegetables.Except vegetables,the deviation rate was above 40%,the deviation rate of milk intake reached to 80.5%.The intakes of grain and potato,livestock meat in women were less than that of men,while the intake of fruit and milk was more than that of men.The fruit and milk intake in rural residents were lower than that of urban residents,while the grain and potato,livestock meat intake were higher than that of urban residents.The salt and oil intake were excessive intake,the deviation rates were 97.7% and 97.6%.Conclusions The dietary pattern of urban and rural residents in Guangxi are not so reasonable.Health education and intervention should be strengthened to improving the dietary pattern for chronic diseases control and prevention.
Abstract IA01: Divergent transcription and long noncoding RNA in cancer

The processes of divergent transcription and RNA splicing control the synthesis of many long noncoding RNAs in mammalian cells. These RNAs could facilitate the binding of transcription factors and other complexes thus enhancing transcription of genes. Their existence suggests that nuclear RNA forms connectivity for location of regulatory complexes in cells. These probably change during the transformation process, perhaps accounting for some of the concordant changes in gene expression. Citation Format: Phillip A. Sharp. Divergent transcription and long noncoding RNA in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA01.
The Social use of Space at Turkey Creek Pueblo: An Architectural Analysis

ABSTRACTArchitectural data from Turkey Creek Pueblo, a 335-room ruin that was almost completely excavated in the 1950s, provide an extraordinary opportunity for examining the social use of space in a large prehistoric community. A typical dwelling had one habitation room, one or two miscellaneous- activity rooms, and two or three storage rooms. The households that occupied these dwellings formed the basal level of a four-level organizational hierarchy that included the suprahousehold, the dual division, and the village. Additional discussion focuses on the activities that occurred within these levels.
Time-Minimum Control of the Restricted Elliptic Three-Body Problem Applied to Space Transfer

In this chapter, we investigate time minimal transfers in the elliptic restricted 3-body problem. We study the controllability of the problem and show that it is small-time locally controllable at the equilibrium points. We present results about the structure of the extremal trajectories, based on a previous study of the time minimum control of the circular restricted 3-body problem. We use indirect numerical methods in optimal control to simulate time-minimizing space transfers using the elliptic model from the geostationary orbit to the equilibrium points \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) in the Earth-Moon system, as well as a rendezvous mission with a near-Earth asteroid.
Heart rate informed artificial pancreas system enhances glycemic control during exercise in adolescents with T1D.

Objective To evaluate the safety and performance of using a heart rate (HR) monitor to inform an artificial pancreas (AP) system during exercise among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Materials and Methods In a randomized, cross-over trial, adolescents with T1D age 13 - 18 years were enrolled to receive on separate days either the unmodified UVa AP (stdAP) or an AP system connected to a portable HR monitor (AP-HR) that triggered an exercise algorithm for blood glucose (BG) control. During admissions participants underwent a structured exercise regimen. Hypoglycemic events and CGM tracings were compared between the two admissions, during exercise and for the full 24-hour period. Results Eighteen participants completed the trial. While number of hypoglycemic events during exercise and rest was not different between visits (0.39 AP-HR vs 0.50 stdAP), time below 70 mg dL −1 was lower on AP-HR compared to stdAP, 0.5±2.1% vs 7.4±12.5% (P = 0.028). Time with BG within 70-180 mg dL −1 was higher for the AP-HR admission vs stdAP during the exercise portion and overall (96% vs 87%, and 77% vs 74%), but these did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.075 and P = 0.366). Conclusions Heart rate signals can safely and efficaciously be integrated in a wireless AP system to inform of physical activity. While exercise contributes to hypoglycemia among adolescents, even when using an AP system, informing the system of exercise via a HR monitor improved time <70 mg dL −1. Nonetheless, it did not significantly reduce the total number of hypoglycemic events, which were low in both groups.
African philosophy: Its proto-history and future history

Part of the difficulty in thinking about African philosophy arises from historical and polemical features of the intellectual practice of philosophy itself. Periodic ideas regarding the nature of philosophy have been deeply influenced by a succession of concurrent practices as well as by the polemical diversity of its brands. Indeed, even in our own day, the Western world has been beset by the contrasts and divergences huddling under the general rubric of the analytic tradition and the perhaps even more general rubric of the continental tradition. This fact of the variability of the idea of philosophy makes it possible to construe and to recognize philosophy at different places on its evolutionary tree without reliance on paradigms. Indeed, much of what we admire as Ancient Greek philosophy would not bear scrutiny under several contemporary acceptations of that term. The fact is that a history of philosophy, as of any disciplinary field, is hardly possible without a flexible and ample view of its subject. Two general approaches to such an ample view seem evident: the one, ex post facto, relies on a survey and conspectus of what has come to be accepted as philosophy; the other, more venturesome, requires a foundation of theory.
Toward Integrating Distributed Energy Resources and Storage Devices in Smart Grid

The smart grid, as one of typical applications supported by Internet of Things, denoted as a re-engineering and a modernization of the traditional power grid, aims to provide reliable, secure, and efficient energy transmission and distribution to consumers. How to effectively integrate distributed (renewable) energy resources and storage devices to satisfy the energy service requirements of users, while minimizing the power generation and transmission cost, remains a highly pressing challenge in the smart grid. To address this challenge and assess the effectiveness of integrating distributed energy resources and storage devices, in this paper, we develop a theoretical framework to model and analyze three types of power grid systems: 1) the power grid with only bulk energy generators; 2) the power grid with distributed energy resources; and 3) the power grid with both distributed energy resources and storage devices. Based on the metrics of the power cumulative cost and the service reliability to users, we formally model and analyze the impact of integrating distributed energy resources and storage devices in the power grid. We also use the concept of network calculus, which has been traditionally used for carrying out traffic engineering in computer networks, to derive the bounds of both power supply and user demand to achieve a high service reliability to users. Through an extensive performance evaluation, our evaluation results show that integrating distributed energy resources conjointly with energy storage devices can reduce generation costs, smooth the curve of bulk power generation over time, reduce bulk power generation and power distribution losses, and provide a sustainable service reliability to users in the power grid.
The Hunsdiecker and Related Reactions

The main theme of this chapter is the cleavage of alkyl- aryl- and vinyl-carboxyl single bonds by means of the fragmentation (decarboxylation) of carboxyl radicals (equation 1). The fragmentation of acyl radicals (decarbonylation) (equation 2), although much less efficient, is also considered where appropriate.
Phosphorylation of Myosin Increases the ATPase Activity of Relaxed Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Myosin in skeletal muscle is phosphorylated by a calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase during periods of sustained activity. Phosphorylation of myosin is known to destabilize the array of myosin heads bound to the core of the thick filament in relaxed muscle, known as the interacting heads motif. Myosin heads in this array are associated with a state with a highly inhibited ATPase activity, known as the Super Relaxed State (SRX). To determine whether phosphorylation of myosin increases the ATPase activity, we measured the ATPase activity of relaxed, skinned skeletal fibers in the presence and absence of myosin phosphorylation. Fibers were phosphorylated, >50%, by including phosphatase inhibitors in the glycerinating solution. Control fibers had an ATPase activity of 0.040 ± 0.004 s−1. Phosphorylated fibers had an ATPase activity of 0.060 ± 0.002 s−1, a 50 % increase. We have recently found a small molecule, piperine that destabilizes the SRX, increasing relaxed fiber ATPase activity. In the presence of 100μM piperine the control fibers had an ATPase activity of 0.064 ± 0.004 s−1, the phosphorylated fibers had an ATPase activity of 0.057 ± 0.001 s−1. Thus both phosphorylation and piperine increase the ATPase activity of resting fibers by destabilizing a fraction of myosin heads in the SRX, 30-50%, but their effects are not additive, suggesting that they are each affecting the same population of myosin heads. One candidate for this population may be the “free” head of the interacting heads motif, which is known to be less stable than the other head. As myosin remains in a phosphorylated state for several minutes following a period of activity, the effect described above will contribute to the energetic cost of physical activity, particularly during light activity.
Effect of a pelvic wedge and belt on the medial and lateral hamstring muscles during knee flexion

[Purpose] This study developed a pelvic wedge and belt and investigated their effects on the selective activation of medial and lateral hamstring muscles during knee flexion. [Subjects and Methods] Nine adults were enrolled. The participants performed exercises without and with the pelvic wedge and belt, and the electromyographic activities of the medial and lateral hamstring muscles were recorded. [Results] The activity of the medial hamstring was increased significantly when using the pelvic wedge and belt, while the activity of the lateral hamstring did not differ significantly. [Conclusion] The pelvic wedge and belt provide a self-locked position during knee flexion in the prone position. Prone knee flexion in this position is an effective self-exercise for balanced strengthening of the medial hamstring.