cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Lost Due Process Doctrines

In order to render manageable the doctrinal development of the Due Process Clause, the Supreme Court over the last fifty years has attempted to fit its decisions into one of two distinct categories: procedural requirements that the government must satisfy before depriving someone of life, liberty, or property, and substantive limitations on exactly what deprivations the government may accomplish. Unfortunately, neither the law nor life can be so easily classified. The Court has decided numerous cases that defy its recent attempts to divide Gaul into two parts, not three (or more). Several due process doctrines seem to have been isolated from the main body of law that the Court has developed. Some could be at risk of being eliminated by falling into that collection of precedents often described as no longer being "good law." But not all of them will suffer that fate, and the reasons why they will and should remain vibrant are relevant to the rationale for the other doctrines and help explain why they should not be set adrift.Part I of this article will describe the two-fold divide between procedural requirements and substantive limitations that has dominated the discussion of the Due Process Clause. Part II will consider a few categories of due process case law that the Court has not attempted to fit into one or the other of those categories. Part III will discuss the provenance of the Magna Carta, a thirteenth century charter of liberties that later gave birth to the Due Process Clauses in our Constitution. Part IV will wrap up by considering whether there is a home in the Constitution for the Court’s Lost Due Process Decisions. In particular, Part IV will ask whether Magna Carta provides that home and can serve as a base for the ongoing development of constitutional law.
Biogeographic and stratigraphic evidence for rapid speciation in semionotid fishes

In this study I take advantage of an unusual system of fossil lakes in eastern North America to estimate the time for speciation of endemic semionotid fishes. Twenty-one species are all found in sedimentary cycle P4, the deposits of a single Early Jurassic lake, in the Towaco Formation of the Newark Basin in New Jersey. To determine the degree of endemism in the fauna from this fossil lake and estimate time for speciation, I surveyed more than 2000 museum specimens from 45 named localities in the Newark Basin and related basins of the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic Newark Supergroup. Six species not found in deposits equal in age to P4 or older are considered to be endemics, eight species occurring in older deposits presumably colonized Lake P4, and evidence for whether the remaining seven species were endemics or colonists is equivocal. The time for the formation, decline, and evaporation of Lake P4, in which P4 sediments were deposited, has been estimated at 21,000-24,000 years. Because all endemic Semionotus first occur in the first third of lake history, the estimated time for speciation of endemics is six species in 5000-8000 years. This rate is remarkably similar to that estimated for the five cichlids in Lake Nabugabo that diverged from Lake Victoria cichlids in about 4000 years.
Binding of microfibril-associated glycoprotein 2 to extracellular microfibrils is promoted by proprotein convertase cleavage (1005.3)

Microfibrils are extracellular matrix fibers whose major components are the fibrillin proteins (Fbn-1, -2, -3), which are important for tissue mechanical stability and elasticity. MAGP2 is a secret...
The Kinematic Principle for Designing DNA Origami Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities

DNA origami nanotechnology is a recently developed self-assembly process for design and fabrication of complex 3D nanostructures using DNA as functional materials. This paper aims to review our recent progress in applying DNA origami to design of kinematic mechanisms of nanometer scale. These nanomechanisms, which we call DNA Origami Mechanisms (DOM), are made of relatively stiff bundles of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) which function as rigid links, connected by highly compliant single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) strands which function as kinematic joints. The designs of kinematic joints such as revolute, prismatic, cylindrical, universal and spherical are presented. The steps as well as necessary software or experimental tools for designing DOM with DNA origami links and joints are detailed. To demonstrate the designs, we presented the designs of Bennett 4-bar and crank-slider linkages. At last, a list of technical challenges such as design automation, computational modeling are presented. These challenges could also be opportunities for mechanism and robotics community to apply the well developed kinematic theories and computational tools to design of nanorobots and nanomachines.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Noise- and Flow-field of Jets from an Eccentric Coannular Nozzle

An experiment is conducted to compare jet noise and flow-field characteristics from coannular nozzles when placed eccentrically as opposed to the normal concentric configuration. The eccentric configuration provides noise attenuation on the side where the annulus is thicker, confirming previous observations by others. The attenuation is maximum at shallow angles relative to the downstream jet axis. It is most clearly observed at a bypass ratio of about 0.5. It is more pronounced with increasing jet Mach number. There is insignificant change in the noise on the side where the annulus is thin and at right angles to the jet axis. Flow-field surveys exhibit a pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices on the thicker annulus side. The low-speed outer fluid congregates on that side and spreads significantly outward. The layer of low-speed fluid also involves much lower turbulence intensity compared to the rest of the periphery of the jet.
Influence of temperature on glutamate catabolism and glycogen production by organisms of the genus Chlamydia.

SummaryThe amount of 14CO2 produced enzymatically by purified suspensions of 3 strains of Chlamydia psittaci from randomly labeled glutamic acid was markedly increased by raising the incubation temperature of the reaction mixtures in 4 degree increments between 32° and 44°. The rate of 14CO2 release during the NAD-dependent reaction was increased 350% over the 12-degree range by one chlamydial strain and 130 and 136%, respectively, for the other two strains. Temperature also influenced the rate of production of iodine-positive intracellular microcolonies of the Nigg mouse pneumonitis strain of C trachomatis in cell cultures. Up to 3 times as many positive microcolonies appeared in infected cell cultures incubated at 39° for 24 hr than those at 37°. Differences in colony counts tended to even out after 48 hr however.
Nomenclatural changes in North American Lilium (Liliaceae)

The approaching release of the Flora of North America Volume 26 requires the formal publication of several nomenclatural changes that will appear there. The proposed changes standardize infraspecific nomenclature in North American Lilium at the subspecies level, which is appropriate for these geographically segregated yet morphometrically overlapping and intergrading taxonomic units. The changes include a new rank for Lilium washingtonianum Kellogg subsp. purpurascens (Stearn) M. W. Skinner, and several new combinations: L. pardalinum Kellogg subsp. pitkinense (Beane & Vollmer) M. W. Skinner, L. pardalinum Kellogg subsp. shastense (Eastwood) M. W. Skinner, L. pardalinum Kellogg subsp. vollmeri (Eastwood) M. W. Skinner, and L. pardalinum Kellogg subsp. wigginsii (Beane & Vollmer) M. W. Skinner. Lectotypes are designated for L. pardalinum and L. washingtonianum and for the synonym L. parvum Kellogg var. luteum Purdy, and a neotype is selected for L. washingtonianum subsp. purpurascens.
Experimental Investigation of Long-Lived Rydberg States in Ultracold Argon

We report on our investigation of the formation and survival of long-lived Rydberg states in argon produced by pulsed laser excitation of ultracold metastable state argon atoms in a magneto-optical trap. The states studied have a ${}^{2}{P}_{1/2}$ core. Low angular momentum Rydberg states with this core normally autoionize rapidly. If, however, atoms are excited in the presence of electric fields, higher angular momentum states, traditionally termed ``ZEKE states'' (ZEKE is derived from ``zero kinetic energy'') can be formed. The lifetime of these states can be orders of magnitude greater than low angular momentum states. In this paper, we report on the time dependence of ZEKE Rydberg state population in an ultracold environment.
Differential concentration of porphyrin in various divisions of the central nervous system.

SummaryThe central nervous systems of pigs were collected and divided into the various gross anatomical subdivisions. Equal weights of cerebrum, midbrain, medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and spinal cord were extracted for coproporphyrin. A higher concentration of coproporphyrin III was found in the medulla oblongata and brain stem than in cerebrum, cerebellum, or spinal cord. The observed differential coproporphyrin III concentration in various subdivisions of the central nervous system supports the hypothesis that porphyrins in the nervous system may have functional significance.
Increase in sympathetic activity with age. II. Role of impairment of cardiopulmonary baroreflexes

We have previously shown that arterial baroreflex function is significantly impaired in a group of old beagles [G. Hajduczok, M. W. Chapleau, S. L. Johnson, and F. M. Abboud. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 29): H1113-H1120, 1991]. In the present study, we determined whether the neural limb of the cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and the interaction between the arterial and cardiopulmonary reflexes is also impaired with senescence. In the anesthetized state, the aortic nerves were sectioned and carotid sinuses were isolated bilaterally with carotid sinus pressures held at 50 mmHg in both young (1 yr) and old animals (11 yr). In response to graded volume expansion (VE) with 3% dextran (0 to 30 ml/kg iv), the gain of cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of RSNA was significantly lower in the old (5.1 +/- 3%/mmHg) compared with the young (13.4 +/- 3%/mmHg) animals. There were no significant differences in systemic vascular compliance or left ventricular mass index between the two groups. The gain of the carotid sinus baroreflex inhibition of RSNA was significantly attenuated by VE in the young group but was not affected in the old group. Bilateral vagotomy (VX) resulted in a 182 +/- 74% increase in RSNA in the young (P less than 0.05), but VX did not significantly increase RSNA in the old (12 +/- 17%). After VX, the carotid sinus baroreflex gain markedly increased by nearly eightfold in the young group (P less than 0.05) but was not altered in the old dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lim kinase, a bi-functional effector in injury-induced structural plasticity of synapses

The structural plasticity of synaptic terminals contributes to normal nervous system function but also to neural degeneration, in the form of terminal retraction, and regeneration, due to process growth. Synaptic morphological change is mediated through the actin cytoskeleton, which is enriched in axonal and dendritic terminals. Whereas the three RhoGTPases, RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac, function as upstream signaling nodes sensitive to extracellular stimuli, LIMK-cofilin activity serves as a common downstream effector to up-regulate actin turnover, which is necessary for both polymerization and depolymerization. The dual effects of LIMK activity make LIMK a potential target of therapeutic intervention for injury-induced synaptic plasticity, as LIMK inhibition can stabilize actin cytoskeleton and preserve existing structure. This therapeutic benefit of LIMK inhibition has been demonstrated in animal models of injury-induced axon retraction and neuritic sprouting by rod photoreceptors. A better understanding of the regulation of LIMK-cofilin activity and the interaction with the microtubular cytoskeleton may open new ways to promote synaptic regeneration that can benefit neuronal degenerative disease.
People Like Us: Dominance-oriented Racial Affiliation Preferences and the White Greek System on a Southern U.S. Campus

ABSTRACTStudying in-group affiliation preferences can be a valuable tool for understanding race relations in the contemporary United States. We draw on theories of social dominance and social identity to analyze racial attitudes, as measured by the Social Distance Scale, for a subset of black and white students at the University of Mississippi. While both black and white students expressed strong in-group preference, this preference was stronger for whites than for blacks, especially for white women presently affiliated or planning to affiliate with campus Greek organizations. Social dominance orientation, a measure describing whether social inequalities are accepted and justified, mediated the greater in-group preference of many whites, especially for intimate or high-power relationships. We discuss possible individual and institutional causes for the differences we observe, and we draw implications for understanding continued self-segregation both on- and off-campus in a society that implicitly, and som...
Electrospun core-shell microfiber separator with thermal-triggered flame-retardant properties for lithium-ion batteries

Although the energy densities of batteries continue to increase, safety problems (for example, fires and explosions) associated with the use of highly flammable liquid organic electrolytes remain a big issue, significantly hindering further practical applications of the next generation of high-energy batteries. We have fabricated a novel “smart” nonwoven electrospun separator with thermal-triggered flame-retardant properties for lithium-ion batteries. The encapsulation of a flame retardant inside a protective polymer shell has prevented direct dissolution of the retardant agent into the electrolyte, which would otherwise have negative effects on battery performance. During thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery, the protective polymer shell would melt, triggered by the increased temperature, and the flame retardant would be released, thus effectively suppressing the combustion of the highly flammable electrolytes.
How Can We Measure Progress on Social Justice in Health Care? The Case of Egypt.

Social justice, broadly defined as providing equal access to liberties, rights, and opportunitiesespecially for the least advantaged members of society, is a priority of several governments inthe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) postArab Spring as well as globally. Achievingsocial justice in the field of health care is consistent with the principles of universal healthcoverage and is an important means to achieve this aim. To translate this abstract concept intoconcrete action, we propose a novel diagnostic method and then apply it to the case of Egypt, acountry with a stated goal of achieving social justice in health care. This allows us to assessprogress and then suggest targeted recommendations through which to improve social justice inhealth care. Through a comprehensive analysis of primary and secondary qualitative andquantitative data sources, we first identify six disadvantaged groups in Egypt and then analyzethe status of these groups with respect to the three objectives of a health system—improvinghealth outcomes, financial protection, and public satisfaction. Our results suggest that Egypt faces 11 challenges to achieving social justice in health care which can be addressed through 14short- and medium-term recommendations drawn from global evidence of what works.Implementing these health system changes can help advance social justice in health care inEgypt.
Characterization and electrolytic cleaning of poly(methyl methacrylate) residues on transferred chemical vapor deposited graphene

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) residue has long been a critical challenge for practical applications of the transferred chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene. Thermal annealing is empirically used for the removal of the PMMA residue; however experiments imply that there are still small amounts of residues left after thermal annealing which are hard to remove with conventional methods. In this paper, the thermal degradation of the PMMA residue upon annealing was studied by Raman spectroscopy. The study reveals that post-annealing residues are generated by the elimination of methoxycarbonyl side chains in PMMA and are believed to be absorbed on graphene via the π–π interaction between the conjugated unsaturated carbon segments and graphene. The post-annealing residues are difficult to remove by further annealing in a non-oxidative atmosphere due to their thermal and chemical stability. An electrolytic cleaning method was shown to be effective in removing these post-annealing residues while preserving the underlying graphene lattice based on Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy studies. Additionally, a solution-gated field effect transistor was used to study the transport properties of the transferred CVD graphene before thermal annealing, after thermal annealing, and after electrolytic cleaning, respectively. The results show that the carrier mobility was significantly improved, and that the p-doping was reduced by removing PMMA residues and post-annealing residues. These studies provide a more in-depth understanding on the thermal annealing process for the removal of the PMMA residues from transferred CVD graphene and a new approach to remove the post-annealing residues, resulting in a residue-free graphene.
Dissimilar Metal T-Joint of Aluminum and Steel Formed by Friction Stir Extrusion

This paper extends the capabilities of the Friction Stir Extrusion process by demonstrating the ability to join aluminum and steel in a T-joint configuration. Friction Stir Welding techniques are used to extrude aluminum into a concave groove cut into the top edge of a steel plate. The Friction Stir Extrusion process forms a mechanical joint avoiding many of the detrimental effects from the formation of intermetallic compounds. Also, eliminating many of the issues of rapid tool wear associated with the Friction Stir Welding of steel. The T-joint configuration would allow joining of dissimilar materials in a variety of applications, such as joining an aluminum skin to a steel/titanium frame. Such construction would allow for a strong, lightweight, and corrosion resistant structures. Strength of the joint was tested in tension to determine the quality of the weld. The average failure strength of the joint was 47.66 Kgf/mm.
The Welfare of Assistance and Therapy Animals: An Ethical Comment

Publisher Summary Throughout history, people have used animals—whether for food, fiber, sport, adornment, labor, or companionship—as a means of satisfying human interests. But animals also have interests—in avoiding pain, fear, distress, or physical harm, and in pursuing their own needs, desires, and goals through the performance of species-typical patterns of behavior. Relations between people and animals only become morally problematical where there is a conflict of interests between the two: where the human either causes pain, fear, or harm to an animal, or in some way, thwarts or prevents the animal from satisfying its own needs and goals. Nevertheless, while the advantages to the humans in these relationships may be obvious, the benefits to the animals are by no means always self-evident. Indeed, the use of animals for animal-assisted activities and therapy imposes a unique set of stresses and strains on them that the “industry” is only just beginning to acknowledge. Those involved in preparing animals for service and therapy need to educate themselves regarding the particular social and behavioral needs of assistance and therapy animals, both to avoid the consequences of social and behavioral deprivation, as well as to permit animals a degree of control over the levels of social and environmental stimulation they receive. Also, the industry should pay more attention to ensuring that assistance and service animals are adequately prepared during development for the tasks and roles assigned to them as adults.
Organizational Capabilities in a Government R&D Enterprise

There are unique challenges to developing organizational capability in government R&D organizations that support specialized national missions. The complex nature of developing capabilities in these organizations is highlighted and research questions and challenges are posed. In particular, two broad challenges identified in this paper – 1) being able to understand the enterprise well enough to identify likely impacts of contemplated decisions and 2) being able to coordinate planning and decision making amongst stakeholders across the enterprise – are explored. Systems engineering literature is used as the basis for exploring the challenges from multiple perspectives. The intention of this paper is to provide an adequate description of the challenges, discuss some strategies that have been tried or proposed, and engage in a dialogue with the systems engineering community about other experiences in addressing the complexity of managing and evolving government R&D capability.
Implementation of Rocking Chair Therapy for Veterans in Residential Substance Use Disorder Treatment [Formula: see text].

BACKGROUND: Substance use disorder (SUD) and mental health diagnosis negatively affect Veteran homelessness. OBJECTIVE: Assess the acceptance and feasibility of rocking chair therapy as a self-impl...
The relative importance of data points in systems biology and parameter estimation

Estimating model parameters is a crucial step to understand the behavior of biological systems. To perform parameter estimation, a commonly used formulation is the least square method that minimizes the mean squared error. This method finds the model parameters that minimize the sum of the squared error between experimental data and model predictions. However, such a formulation can misguide parameter estimation and the understanding of the system. This is mainly because least square formulation typically treats all data points equally, while the reality is that not all data points are of equal importance. Another common issue in systems biology is that the amount of experimental data is almost always limited compared to the model complexity, making parameter estimation challenging and ill-conditioned. Ignoring the relative importance of data points may amplify the ill-conditioned nature of the problem. Therefore, we propose to give different weight to each data point when formulating the least square cost function. The weight of each data point is defined by an uncertainty measure for the data point given the others, quantifying each data point's unique information that cannot be inferred from other data points. To test our algorithm, we used a G1/S transition model with two dynamic variables and 12 parameters, developed a sampling algorithm to obtain collections of parameter settings close to the best fit, and demonstrated the benefits of the proposed weighted cost function formulation.
Physiological and genetic regulation of a pectate lyase structural gene, pel-1 of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain 71.

Of the various exoproteins secreted by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain 71 (Ecc71), Pel-1 is the major pectate lyase species with tissue macerating activity. To analyze pel-1 expression, a pell-lacZ operon fusion, created by MudI1734 insertion, was placed by homologous recombination within the chromosome of the LacZ− derivative of Ecc71. pell-lacZ expression was inhibited by a negative regulator gene, repN and activated by plant extracts during late exponential growth and by the products of the regulator genes aepA, aepB and aepH*. Since these regulatory genes control, in addition to pel-1 expression, the production of polygalacturonase, cellulase, protease and the other Pels, we propose that they constitute a global network and control extracellular protein production in Ecc71 by modulating the levels of transcripts.
Cytokines, Eicosanoids, Nitric Oxide as Effector Molecules Against Parasitic Flagellates

Protozoology enriches what is a currently very fruitful field of science—the study of cytokines. The bottom-dwelling Ciliate Euplotes raikovi was chosen for the study of pheromone structure and biology (Luporini et al., 1994). The authors isolated seven pheromones and found that cytokine-like substances appeared at the early stages of evolution (Luporini et al., 1994). The ciliate pheromones are considered to be self-recognition signals that primarily induce cell responses through the binding of autocrine cell receptors.
Causes and management of headaches in cancer patients

Headache is a frequent accompaniment of brain tumors. Since management of patients with these tumors is often palliative, proper treatment of symptoms such as headache becomes a key issue in preserving the patient's quality of life. Successful management of brain tumor headache requires an understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of the various types of brain tumor headaches, followed by appropriate application of the specific therapeutic modality.
Surgical treatment outcomes after primary vs recurrent anterior shoulder instability.

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of surgical management after primary anterior shoulder dislocation to the outcomes of patients who have surgical stabilization after recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Methods A Medline (PubMed) search was performed in November of 2016 using the following key terms: shoulder, labrum, Bankart, instability, repair, outcome, recurrent. In May 2017 a Cochrane search was performed using similar key terms to ensure we included all studies. Only level I and II studies were included. Results There were three studies that compared primary repair to delayed repair. In all three studies, the rate of recurrence was higher in group R than group S. When pooled, there was not a statistically significant difference between these groups, but there was a slightly higher odds of recurrence in group R (pooled OR 2.08, CI 0.69–6.26, p = 0.19). No significant differences were appreciated in functional outcomes or complications in these two groups. Conclusion Further level I and level II studies to compare surgical treatment after first time and recurrent instability are needed. This study failed to find a statistically significant difference in recurrence rates in patients who had stabilization acutely after a single episode compared to patients with recurrent instability events, although results suggest there may be a small benefit in primary stabilization.
Component Analysis of Stay, Play, Talk Interventions With and Without Self-Monitored Group Contingencies and Recorded Reminders:

Multitreatment designs were used to evaluate the relative effectiveness of multicomponent Stay, Play, Talk (SPT) interventions on peer social behaviors for two groups of children, each including on...
Brain-Function Analysis

The methods used in neuropsychology are research and applied assessment procedures. Assessment procedures are based on double disassociation (Teuber and Reitan). Generally, they are combined into multiple disassociations. These compose a standardized integrated battery. Standardized batteries consist of either fixed raw scores or scale scores. Standardization requires a common metric, co-norming, demographic adjustments, and comprehensive content. Scale scores may have universal coverage from about age five to an adult IQ of 140. Absolute scales are fixed and are not direct samples of a particular population. The content of tests requires comprehensiveness, balance, redundancy, and efficiency.
Serum CXCL11 correlates with pulmonary outcomes and disease burden in sarcoidosis.

Abstract Background Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that affects the lungs in 90% of patients, but has a wide range of disease manifestations and outcomes including chronic and progressive courses. Noninvasive biomarkers are needed to assess these outcomes and guide decisions for long term monitoring and treatment. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-inducible chemotactic cytokines (chemokines), CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, show promise in this regard because they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of and reflect the burden of granulomatous inflammation. CXCL11 has been reported to have unique functional properties in modulating adaptive immunity in model systems so our goal was to examine serum levels of CXCL11 in relation to clinical outcomes in a heterogeneous cohort of sarcoidosis subjects. Methods CXCL19, CXCL10, and CXCL11 serum levels were measured in sarcoidosis and healthy subjects using ELISA assay. We determined relationships between CXCL11 and standard clinical inflammatory markers, expression of IFN-γ-related genes in whole blood, organ involvement, dyspnea scores, and measures of pulmonary function. Results In a cross-sectional analysis of 104 sarcoidosis subjects, serum CXCL11 was significantly elevated compared to 49 healthy controls (p Conclusions The pattern of expression of serum CXCL11 in sarcoidosis patients suggests that this blood measure could be helpful in identifying patients that need longer-term monitoring for progressive thoracic and extra-thoracic sarcoidosis.
Boundary integral solution method for diffusion-reaction problems with both material and rate nonlinearities

Abstract This paper describes a new method for the solution of one dimensional diffusion-reaction type of problems with both material and rate nonlinearities. The procedure is based on the boundary element concepts and uses the solutions to the diffusional operator in one dimension as the weighting functions. The material nonlinearity appears as an extra integral term in the formulation while the rate nonlinearity is handled by the method of quasilinearization. Both the concentration and its derivative at the nodal points are directly obtained as part of the solution. A number of examples are presented to confirm the numerical aspects of the method and the method is shown to be robust and accurate.
Comparison between Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft and De-epithelialized Gingival Graft: A systematic review and a meta-analysis.

Aim Sup-epithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and de-epithelialized gingival graft (DGG) approaches have been investigated with a focus on post-operative morbidity but not from a clinical outcome standpoint. The aim of this systematic review was to systematically investigate the literature for coronally advanced flaps (CAFs) combined with SCTG or DGG. Materials and methods Electronic and hand searches were performed to identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the treatment of gingival recession (GRs) using CAF, with at least a 1-year of follow-up. The primary outcome was the mean root coverage (mRC), while the secondary outcomes included recession reduction (Rec Red), keratinized tissue (KT) gain, probing depth (PD) change, and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain. Results Ten RCTs with a total of 408 gingival recessions were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that CAF + DGG is associated with superior mRC, Rec Red, KT gain, PD reduction and CAL gain. The mRC for SCTG and DGG at 1-year was 89.3% and 94.0% respectively, while the mean difference of the other clinical parameters between the two approaches was within 1 mm in favor of the DGG group. Conclusions Limited evidence is available when comparing the two techniques, however the usage of DGG may be considered as the preferred technique of choice for autologous CTG harvesting when incorporated with a CAF.
Associations between Bilingualism and Memory Generalization During Infancy: Does Socioeconomic Status Matter?

Past studies have reported memory differences between monolingual and bilingual infants (Brito & Barr, 2012; Singh, Fu, Rahman, Hameed, Sanmugam, Agarwal, Jiang, Chong, Meaney & Rifkin-Graboi, 2015). A common critique within the bilingualism literature is the absence of socioeconomic indicators and/or a lack of socioeconomic diversity among participants. Previous research has demonstrated robust bilingual differences in memory generalization from 6- to 24-months of age. The goal of the current study was to examine if these findings would replicate in a sample of 18-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds (N = 92). Results indicate no differences between language groups on working memory or cued recall, but significant differences for memory generalization, with bilingual infants outperforming monolingual infants regardless of socioeconomic status (SES). These findings replicate and extend results from past studies (Brito & Barr, 2012; Brito, Sebastian-Galles & Barr, 2015) and suggest possible differential learning patterns dependent on linguistic experience.
Day-to-day changes in parent-adolescent connectedness: Relations with daily subjective well-being and eudaimonia differ for parents and adolescents

Growing attention is being given to understanding factors that promote individuals’ happiness, life satisfaction, engagement, and meaning in life. This study examined the mutual benefits of a close...
Don’t Feed the Trolls: Straw Men and Iron Men

Typically, philosophers consider the straw man a fallacy of relevance, inasmuch as one attacks a distorted, and hence irrelevant, version of an opponent’s argument. As some of recent work has shown, however, there is more to the problem of straw manning than the distortion of an opponent’s argument and hence more to the issue than relevance.
Reduplication as a morphological marker in the Indo-European languages: Reduplicated presents1

Reduplication is a very productive morphological device in the grammars of the various ancient Indo-European languages and is used in the formation of nominals, adverbials, particles and verbs. Thi...
Parental Primary Language and Developmental Delays in Preterm Neonates

Objectives: Premature infants, particularly those requiring neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stays, are at high risk for developmental delay. Non-English primary language (NEPL) families may have more difficulty navigating the healthcare system, and less knowledge of available developmental resources. While the literature suggests older children in NEPL families have poorer clinical outcomes compared to English-speaking families, there remain limited data assessing developmental outcomes among high-risk infants in NEPL families. Our objective was to use a nationally representative survey to determine if preterm infants of Hispanic Spanish speaking families had increased risk of developmental …
Seeking the Treated: The Impact of Information on Social Interactions and Networks

We examine how a mobile phone-based agricultural extension service influences social interactions and farmer networks in village India. The service spurs greater information sharing among farmers after production outcomes are realized. Those exposed to the service – directly or via peers – seek out agricultural information from the treated, increasing the latter’s ‘agricultural popularity’. Treated peers reduce the reliance of control respondents on input dealers for agricultural advice and increase their WTP for the service. They also induce more service usage and interactions with treated respondents – effects partly driven by network changes - but lower WTP, suggesting crowd out.
How head shape and substrate particle size affect fossorial locomotion in lizards

Granular substrates ranging from silt to gravel cover much of the Earth's land area, providing an important habitat for fossorial animals. Many of these animals use their heads to penetrate the substrate. Although there is considerable variation in head shape, how head shape affects fossorial locomotor performance in different granular substrates is poorly understood. Here, head shape variation for 152 species of fossorial lizards was quantified for head diameter, slope and pointiness of the snout. The force needed to penetrate different substrates was measured using 28 physical models spanning this evolved variation was constructed. Ten substrates were considered, ranging in particle size from 0.025 to 4mm in diameter and consisting of spherical or angular particles. Head shape evolved in a weakly correlated manner, with snouts that were gently sloped being blunter. There were also significant clade differences in head shape among fossorial lizards. Experiments with physical models showed that as head diameter increased, absolute penetration force increased but force normalized by cross-sectional area decreased. Penetration force decreased for snouts that tapered more gradually and were pointier. Larger and angular particles required higher penetration forces, although intermediate size spherical particles, consistent with coarse sand, required the lowest force. Particle size and head diameter effect were largest, indicating that fossorial burrowers should evolve narrow heads and bodies, and select relatively fine particles. However, variation in evolved head shapes and recorded penetration forces suggest that kinematics of fossorial movement are likely an important factor in explaining evolved diversity.
Customer Channel Adoption and Migration Behavior in an Extensive Channel Environment: An Abstract

Multichannel retailing means retailers engage in selling merchandise through more than one channel (Levy and Weitz 2011). With the current development of the internet and modern technology in e-commerce, adopting multiple channels has become increasingly popular among retailers. However, what motivates channel adoption is extensive (e.g., Ansari et al. 2007; Kumar and Venkatesan 2015; Melis et al. 2015; Venkatesan et al. 2007). Previous studies establish the multichannel retailer generally with only two types of channels, the physical store and the online environment. Consequently, the attention of multichannel studies has been mostly on the growth of the online channels, such as channel switching behavior from offline channels to online channels (e.g., Melis et al. 2015; Vherhoef et al. 2007) or how the additional channel affects the sales and profitability of retailers (e.g., Avery et al. 2012; Pauwels and Neslin 2015; Van Nierop et al. 2011).
Optimized Sticky Targeted Pricing

Emerging tracking data allow precise predictions of individuals' reservation values. However, firms are reluctant to conspicuously implement personalized pricing, due to concerns about consumer reprisals. Instead, a trend towards concealing sophisticated pricing strategies has developed. This paper follows this trend by examining a novel pricing strategy that conceals personalized pricing. Specifically, firms tailor the ''posted'' price for some arriving consumers, but privately commit to do so infrequently, ensuring two consumers arriving simultaneously are offered the same price. In an empirical context, I find this strategy raises profits for low to medium popularity products. I then document similar pricing patterns in simulations and at Amazon, suggesting it may already be deployed.
Learning-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Hybrid Underlay-Interweave Secondary Networks

In this paper, a cooperative Secondary Network (SN) is proposed that operates under a hybrid underlay-interweave model. The narrowband sensing problem under the interweave model was formulated as a binary hypothesis problem. The Fusion Center (FC) uses learning techniques, namely the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Naive Bayes’ (NB) to classify the state of the channel. An SVM kernel was chosen to best fit our hybrid network, since a nonlinear relationship exists between the energy vectors collected at the FC. Furthermore, the degree of the polynomial SVM kernel was manipulated to minimize classification errors. The multi-class SVM (MSVM) algorithm was reformulated to fit our multiple hypothesis problem in the underlay model. The performance of the hybrid network was evaluated based on the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) and classification accuracy. In addition, the accuracy of the MSVM is improved through the cooperation of the SUs. Our results show that the proposed learning-based hybrid model is robust to low SNR environments, and yields an improved performance compared with traditional cooperative sensing techniques. Moreover, we show that the Gaussian SVM kernel surpasses other proposed learning algorithms achieving as high as an 80% detection rate with as low as 10% false alarm.
What Becomes a Senior Researcher

As we progress through life, our needs, desires, and even objectives, change. That certainly has been the case for me over the years. This article is my attempt at distilling what advice I can for someone making a transition from a junior to a senior researcher in the database field: think Associate Professor or someone 5 to 10 years post PhD.
Social Determinants of Sexual Health in the USA Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities

Despite improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STI), racial and ethnic minority populations continue to experience disproportionately higher rates and increasing numbers of persons diagnosed with STIs. For example, in 37 states with mature HIV surveillance systems, there were 35,526 persons ≥13 years old who received diagnoses of HIV in 2009, 71 % of whom were racial and ethnic minorities [1]. Further disparities were also observed among persons reported with syphilis, gonorrhea, and Chlamydia. In 2009, more than 70 % of syphilis, 82 % of gonorrhea, and 71 % of Chlamydia cases were among racial and ethnic minorities [2].
Theory of hopping conductivity of a suspension of nanowires in an insulator

We study the hopping conduction in a composite made of straight metallic nanowires randomly and isotropically suspended in an insulator. Uncontrolled donors and acceptors in the insulator lead to random charging of wires and, hence, to a finite bare density of states at the Fermi level. Then the Coulomb interactions between electrons of distant wires result in the soft Coulomb gap. At low temperatures the conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ is due to variable range hopping of electrons between wires and obeys the Efros-Shklovskii (ES) law $\mathrm{ln}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{-}{({T}_{\mathit{ES}}∕T)}^{1∕2}$. We show that ${T}_{\mathit{ES}}\ensuremath{\propto}1∕{(n{L}^{3})}^{2}$, where $n$ is the concentration of wires and $L$ is the wire length. Due to enhanced screening of Coulomb potentials, at large enough $n{L}^{3}$ the ES law is replaced by the Mott law.
A Rogues’ Gallery of Complexity Classes

To the computer scientist, structure is meaning. Seeking to understand nature’s diverse problems with man’s humble resources, we simplify our task by grouping similarly structured problems. The resulting complexity classes, such as P, NP, and PSPACE, are simply families of problems that can be solved with a certain underlying computational power. The range of interesting computational powers is broad—deterministic, nondeterministic, probabilistic, unique, table lookup, etc.—and a suitably rich palette has been developed to reflect these powers—P, NP, PP, UP, P/poly, etc. These classes can themselves be studied in terms of their internal structure and behavior. This chapter briefly reviews the definitions, meanings, and histories of the central complexity classes covered in this book.
Determining index of refraction from polarimetric hyperspectral radiance measurements

Polarimetric hyperspectral imaging (P-HSI) combines two of the most common remote sensing modalities. This work leverages the combination of these techniques to improve material classification. Classifying and identifying materials requires parameters which are invariant to changing viewing conditions, and most often a material’s reflectivity or emissivity is used. Measuring these most often requires assumptions be made about the material and atmospheric conditions. Combining both polarimetric and hyperspectral imaging, we propose a method to remotely estimate the index of refraction of a material. In general, this is an underdetermined problem because both the real and imaginary components of index of refraction are unknown at every spectral point. By modeling the spectral variation of the index of refraction using a few parameters, however, the problem can be made overdetermined. A number of different functions can be used to describe this spectral variation, and some are discussed here. Reducing the number of spectral parameters to fit allows us to add parameters which estimate atmospheric downwelling radiance and transmittance. Additionally, the object temperature is added as a fit parameter. The set of these parameters that best replicate the measured data is then found using a bounded Nelder-Mead simplex search algorithm. Other search algorithms are also examined and discussed. Results show that this technique has promise but also some limitations, which are the subject of ongoing work.
Greed and Pride in International Bankruptcy: The Problems of and Proposed Solutions to 'Local Interests'

From just-enacted (2005) chapter 15 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code to the U.K. Enterprise Act of 2002, legislative reforms to international bankruptcy are on the rise. One of the thorniest issues facing scholars and policymakers alike in these efforts is what to do with the nettlesome problem of local interests. What exactly are these local interests, and what is it that we are we trying to protect? Literature to date has been elusive in pinning this down and has offered, for the most part, only undifferentiated anxiety that an international bankruptcy regime may impinge undesirably upon local concerns. This article seeks to remedy that deficit by constructing a unified account of what we mean when we talk about local interests in multinational bankruptcies. It argues that the locus of concern is both at the individual creditor level and at the sovereign government level - areas of concern that correspond to the vices of greed and pride. The article further argues that the local interest concern has both content-dependent and content-neutral components regarding the substantive content of domestic bankruptcy law. It offers a theory of how these various actor- and law-dependent factors interact in the multi-state, multi-party bankruptcies that are leading today's business headlines. Armed with this richer theory of local bankruptcy interests, the article provides policy recommendations for how best to deal with them. It initially offers a first-best, theoretical approach that employs the concept of what are called bankruptcy meta-norms to deal with the seemingly different norms in substantive bankruptcy laws across jurisdictions. It then outlines a more pragmatically animated interim measure of a local law carve-out, maintaining that such a concession to territorialism represents the most viable chance for a universalist insolvency regime to move forward.
An accelerated slack-bus-independent transaction based power flow analysis

There are numerous concurrent power transactions in a unified power market, and consequently how to accurately and fairly allocate the transmission system usage and real power loss among the individual transactions becomes a critical problem. An improved transaction based power flow (TBPF) analysis is proposed in this paper to solve the above problem based on an AC power flow decomposition scheme. The new algorithm has the following two major improvements over the earlier version: first, the computation load has been further reduced to be as much as the computation load of two standard AC power flow analysis; second, the allocation scheme in the new algorithm is independent of the slack bus selections and depends only on the amounts and locations of power transactions. The standard IEEE 14-bus system is used to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the improved TBPF algorithm.