cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Znl-x Cdx Se/ZnSe Heterostructures And Their Optical Properties

Superlattices and quantum wells of Znl−xCdxSe/ZnSe, and heterostructures based on ZnSe/CdSe digital alloys have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Their optical properties were studied with particular emphasis on excitonic absorption and photopumped stimulated emission. Excitonic absorption is easily observable up to 400 K, and is characterized by extremely large absorption coefficients (α ≈ 2×105cm−1). Optically pumped lasing action is obtained at room temperature with a typical threshold intensity of 100 kW/cm2. The lasing mechanism in these II-VI quantum wells appears to be quite different from that in the better studied III-V materials: in our case, the onset of stimulated emission occurs before the saturation of the excitonic absorption, and the stimulated emission occurs at an energy lower than that of the excitonic absorption.
Common Forefoot Problems in Runners

Forefoot injuries constitute a significant portion of the problems that affect runners. With the increasing popularity of recreational running, more emphasis on the treatment of specific running in...
COMSATCOM service technical baseline strategy development approach using PPBW concept

This paper presents an innovative approach to develop a Commercial Satellite Communications (COMSATCOM) service Technical Baseline (TB) and associated Program Baseline (PB) strategy using Portable Pool Bandwidth (PPBW) concept. The concept involves trading of the purchased commercial transponders’ Bandwidths (BWs) with existing commercial satellites’ bandwidths participated in a “designated pool bandwidth” 3 according to agreed terms and conditions. Space Missile Systems Center (SMC) has been implementing the Better Buying Power (BBP 3.0) directive 4 and recommending the System Program Offices (SPO) to own the Program and Technical Baseline (PTB) [1, 2] for the development of flexible acquisition strategy and achieving affordability and increased in competition. This paper defines and describes the critical PTB parameters and associated requirements that are important to the government SPO for “owning” an affordable COMSATCOM services contract using PPBW trading concept. The paper describes a step-by-step approach to optimally perform the PPBW trading to meet DoD and its stakeholders (i) affordability requirement, and (ii) fixed and variable bandwidth requirements by optimizing communications performance, cost and PPBW accessibility in terms of Quality of Services (QoS), Bandwidth Sharing Ratio (BSR), Committed Information Rate (CIR), Burstable Information Rate (BIR), Transponder equivalent bandwidth (TPE) and transponder Net Presence Value (NPV). The affordable optimal solution that meets variable bandwidth requirements will consider the operating and trading terms and conditions described in the Fair Access Policy (FAP).
A Design of the USB Key in C~3I Network

This paper presents a USB key of the safety management for ID authentication in C~3I network.It gives the authentication mechanism when to visit the network terminal by the USB key,gives the authentication process when to call and browse the information of the server,and gives the design of the USB key about software and hardware.it's possible to be run in this safety management for the important software's crux program,find the crux information,availably amplify the strength of keeping secret.In addition,this USB key can be plug-and-plug and carry-over conveniently.
Effect of volume of solution per cylinder on estimation of antibiotic potency in diffusion assay.

The volume of antibiotic solutions in cylinders used for diffusion assays is assumed to have no significant effect on estimation of potency. The size of zones of inhibition from cylinders containing 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mL of sample solution was compared with zones of inhibition from cylinders containing 0.20 mL of standard solutions. For zinc bacitracin, chlortetracycline.HCl, oxytetracycline, lincomycin.HCl, monensin Na, neomycin sulfate, K penicillin, streptomycin sulfate, and tylosin, the percent recovery (95-102) was optimum when both standard and sample cylinders contained the same volume (0.20 mL/cylinder). At 0.30 mL/cylinder for sample and 0.20 mL for standard solutions, there was a positive bias in potency of about 50%. At 0.10 mL/cylinder, there was a negative bias of approximately 25% except for neomycin, monensin, and bacitracin. For these antibiotics, the bias was about -50%. For hygromycin B, variation in volume of solution per cylinder has little effect on assay results. Experiments on commercial feeds and premixes gave essentially the same results as for the standard solutions experiments.
Preloading history influences pressure-volume-derived indices of myocardial contractility in the ejecting canine left ventricle.

The dependency of indices of myocardial contractility on the immediate preloading protocol was assessed in 14 pentobarbital anesthetized open-chest dogs. An intracavitary micromanometer and epicardially placed ultrasonic dimension transducers allowed acquisition of dynamic left ventricular pressure-volume relationships while varying preload on right heart bypass. A resting cardiac output of 75 ml/kg/min was either increased twofold or reduced to zero flow over a 20-second interval. Linear regression analysis of the mechanical parameters permitted construction of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, rate of pressure rise-end-diastolic volume relationship, and the preload recruitable stroke work relationship. The slopes of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship and rate of pressure rate-end-diastolic volume relationship were significantly higher when measured during volume depletion than during volume expansion (17.2 ± 1.3 versus 8.5 ± 0.8 mm Hg/ml and 205 ± 14 versus 126 ± 11 mm Hg/sec/ml, p
Breaking the Chains of Psychological Handcuffing: Transference to a Young, White Therapist

In this case commentary, I offered my musings related to what I imagined thinking about if I encountered Colette in psychotherapy, highlighting potential interpersonal dynamics that could infuse the treatment relationship. I explored several clinical issues, including themes of race, repetition of abuse, enactments, working with trauma, and other unconscious dynamics at play in the treatment of traumatized patients. These thoughts were provided from the perspective of a young, White therapist who practices from a relational position.
Linkage between a marker locus and a quantitative trait of sibs.

Abstract Several variations of a method for detecting linkage between a marker locus and a quantitative trait in full sib families are presented along with computational details. All variations are based on contrasts within qualifying families of three or more sibs. The empirical powers of the various test statistics, evaluated by simulation, were very similar, and also similar to that of Smith. These single-generation tests are likely to be successful only for many families and relatively tight linkage.
Clinical and Genetic Diagnosis of Friedreich’s Ataxia

The clinical diagnostic criteria and genetic testing for Friedreich’s ataxia are reviewed from the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.
Genetic engineering to eradicate invasive mice on islands: modeling the efficiency and ecological impacts

Invasive rodents are usually eradicated from islands through the application of chemical toxicants that can harm surrounding ecosystems. A recently proposed alternative involves engineering a house mouse (Mus musculus) to carry a genetic construct that would cause a majority of its offspring to be male, many of which would be sterile. Releasing these genetically engineered mice to interbreed with an invasive population would reduce the number of fertile female mice until no more remain. We constructed a mathematical model to analyze the population dynamics of eradication with this genetically engineered mouse and determined its eradication efficiency through model analysis and simulations. Because genetically engineered mice would likely have a fitness disadvantage compared to wild mice, we found that they would need to be repeatedly released into the population to ensure complete eradication. However, if genetically engineered mice have a substantial survival advantage, we determined that the genetic construct could theoretically spread and eradicate a population after a single pulsed release onto the target island or after an engineered mouse escapes to a non-target location. Also, while the species specificity of genetic engineering avoids some of the non-target impacts of traditional eradication methods, ecological impacts could manifest indirectly. We compared several metrics to estimate potential transient impacts on the ecosystem and found that there is a trade-off between the speed of an eradication and the intensity of increased disruptive ecological interactions. Together, our results can inform safe and efficient ecological practices for eradication with developing genetic engineering technology.
Altered Cortical Ensembles in Mouse Models of Schizophrenia

In schizophrenia, brain-wide alterations have been identified at the molecular and cellular levels, yet how these phenomena affect cortical circuit activity remains unclear. We studied two mouse models of schizophrenia-relevant disease processes: chronic ketamine (KET) administration and Df(16)A+/-, modeling 22q11.2 microdeletions, a genetic variant highly penetrant for schizophrenia. Local field potential recordings in visual cortex confirmed gamma-band abnormalities similar to patient studies. Two-photon calcium imaging of local cortical populations revealed in both models a deficit in the reliability of neuronal coactivity patterns (ensembles), which was not a simple consequence of altered single-neuron activity. This effect was present in ongoing and sensory-evoked activity and was not replicated by acute ketamine administration or pharmacogenetic parvalbumin-interneuron suppression. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that schizophrenia is an "attractor" disease and demonstrate that degraded neuronal ensembles are a common consequence of diverse genetic, cellular, and synaptic alterations seen in chronic schizophrenia.
Predictors and implications of early left ventricular ejection fraction improvement in new-onset idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy with narrow QRS complex: A NEOLITH substudy.

Background Predictors and implications of early left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improvement with guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in new-onset idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) with narrow QRS complex are not well described. The objectives were to describe predictors of LVEF improvement after 3 months on GDMT and adverse cardiac events based on post-GDMT LVEF status (≤35% vs. >35%). Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed in subjects with new-onset NICM, LVEF ≤35%, and narrow QRS complex. Associations for baseline variables with post-GDMT LVEF improvement and absolute change in LVEF (∆LVEFGDMT) were assessed. Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations for post-GDMT LVEF status with adverse cardiac events. Results In 70 subjects, 31 (44%) had post-GDMT LVEF ≤35% after a median follow-up time of 97.5 days (interquartile range, 84–121 days). In final multivariable models, severely dilated left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), compared with normal LVEDD, strongly predicted post-GDMT LVEF ≤35% (odds ratio, 7.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–43.49; p = .02) and ∆LVEFGDMT (β = −15.709; standard error = 4.622; p = .001). Subjects with post-GDMT LVEF ≤35% were more likely to have adverse cardiac events over a median follow-up time of 970.5 days (unadjusted hazard ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 0.93–4.96; p = .07). In the post-GDMT LVEF ≤35% group, 9 of 26 subjects (35%) had long-term LVEF > 35%. Conclusion In new-onset NICM with narrow QRS complex, nondilated LVEDD predicted early LVEF improvement. Those with post-GDMT LVEF ≤35% had higher risk of adverse cardiac events, but a substantial proportion demonstrated continued long-term LVEF improvement.
Radiation from Vibrating Bodies

The previous chapters were devoted to the analysis and interpretation of specific types of acoustic waves. In this chapter, the central theme is phenomenological. We will consider a variety of situations in which the task is to determine the acoustic field generated by a body that executes a specified vibration. These are the problems in acoustic radiation.
Blunt body paradox and improved application of transient growth framework.

The Reshotko–Tumin transition criterion based on optimal transient growth successfully correlates laboratory measurements of roughness-induced transition over blunt-body configurations. Even though...
Seeking Chronic Pain Relief: A Hermeneutic Exploration

Abstract Background: In the United States, chronic pain is experienced by over 39.4 million adults, many of whom are treated with opioid pain medications. Aim: This research presents an interpretation of the experience of seeking pain relief for a group of people taking opioid pain medications whose pain is not adequately controlled. Methods: A concurrent embedded mixed-methods design was used, including a Heideggerian hermeneutic qualitative approach that focuses on the participants’ perceptions as a vehicle for understanding the phenomenon of seeking pain relief with descriptive quantitative data in a supporting role. Thirteen interviews and 15 surveys were analyzed, all of which met the following criteria: (1) self-reported chronic pain (persistent pain lasting a minimum of six months), (2) current use of prescription opioid medications, (3) pain not successfully controlled. Results: The analysis revealed a paradox, which we describe as being lost/finding myself in the health care system. This paradox became the overarching pattern of experience that subsumed several dynamic, overlapping practices described in the patterns: (1) seeking relief as suffering; (2) being classified as an addict but not an addict; (3) living with pain as remembering; and (4) experiencing treatment modalities as fickle possibilities. Conclusion: Explication of and interpretive commentary on these patterns shift the focus from drug seeking to pain relief seeking behaviors in chronic pain sufferers. Such a shift could change the manner in which providers work with chronic pain sufferers to find appropriate treatment modalities.
Ecosystems and Land-use Change in the Yaqui Valley: Does Agricultural Intensification “Spare Land for Nature”?

Humans have had impacts on the land surface as long as they’ve inhabited the planet. However, in the past half century of rapid population growth and industrialization, the degree, extent, and rate of change has become so great as to be significant at a global scale. One of the most amazing statistics of global environmental change is the estimate that half the ice-free land surface has been modified—that is, completely changed—by human activities (Kates et al. 1990). Change in the land surface has wide-ranging impact on the functioning of the planetary system and the provision of goods and services for humanity (MA 2005), and thus the study of land change, including its causes and consequences, has become a central area of research in the global environmental change and sustainability science literature (Turner et al. 2007).
Molecular diagnosis and ocular imaging of varicella zoster virus associated neuroretinitis.

Abstract Purpose To report a case of varicella zoster virus associated neuroretinitis confirmed via polymerase chain reaction analysis of ocular fluid. Observations A 30-year-old man presented with a 1-week history of decreased vision in his left eye and ulcerative skin lesions above his left eyebrow. On exam, he had clinical findings consistent with neuroretinitis characterized by optic disc edema and formation of a macular star. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of aqueous fluid was positive for varicella zoster virus. He was treated with oral valacyclovir with excellent resolution of his symptoms and clinical findings. Conclusions and importance Varicella zoster virus is a rare cause of neuroretinitis. We report for the first time a case of varicella zoster virus associated neuroretinitis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of ocular fluid. Molecular testing of ocular tissue may lead to a definitive diagnosis.
Evolving concepts in the pathogenesis of uraemic cardiomyopathy.

The term uraemic cardiomyopathy refers to the cardiac abnormalities that are seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Historically, this term was used to describe a severe cardiomyopathy that was associated with end-stage renal disease and characterized by severe functional abnormalities that could be reversed following renal transplantation. In a modern context, uraemic cardiomyopathy describes the clinical phenotype of cardiac disease that accompanies CKD and is perhaps best characterized as diastolic dysfunction seen in conjunction with left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. A multitude of factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of uraemic cardiomyopathy, and current treatments only modestly improve outcomes. In this Review, we focus on evolving concepts regarding the roles of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), inflammation and systemic oxidant stress and their interactions with more established mechanisms such as pressure and volume overload resulting from hypertension and anaemia, respectively, activation of the renin–angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems, activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway, abnormal mineral metabolism and increased levels of endogenous cardiotonic steroids. Uraemic cardiomyopathy is the major phenotype of fatal cardiac disease in patients with end-stage renal disease. This Review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of uraemic cardiomyopathy, crosstalk between these mechanisms and implications for therapy
ATAC-seq identifies thousands of extrachromosomal circular DNA in cancers and cell lines

Abstract Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) lack centromeres and are not passed equally into daughter cells and thus provide a source of cell-cell heterogeneity in normal and tumor cells. Previously we and other groups purified circular DNA and linearized them by rolling circle amplification for paired end high throughput sequencing to identify eccDNA in cells and tissues. We hypothesized that many eccDNA will have more open chromatin and so will be susceptible to linearization and sequencing by tagmentation. Indeed, we find that ATAC-seq on cell lines and cancers, without any enrichment of circular DNA, identifies thousands of eccDNAs. The identified eccDNAs in cell lines were validated by inverse PCR on DNA that survives exonuclease digestion of linear DNA and by metaphase FISH. We demonstrate that ATAC-seq data generated in Lower Grade Gliomas (LGG) and Glioblastomas (GBM) identify eccDNAs, including one containing the well-known EGFR gene amplicon from chr7. Many of the eccDNAs are identified even before amplification of the locus is detected by genotyping arrays. Thus, standard ATAC-seq is a sensitive method to detect segments of DNA that are present as eccDNA in a subset of the tumor cells, ready to be further amplified under appropriate selection, as during therapy.
Afro-americanos, linchamientos y memoria: Equal Justice Initiative Project o el terrible don de la compasión

espanolPrimo Levi en The Drowned and the Saved sugiere que el estar presente ante nosotros es lo que hace posible que sintamos lastima por un “co-humano” y actuemos de acuerdo con nuestros sentimientos. Nos preocupamos por los demas en relacion inversa a la distancia que nos separa de ellos. Por lo que respecta a los muertos, situados al otro lado de un abismo en apariencia insalvable, se encuentran inconmensurablemente mas lejos de nosotros que incluso el mas distante de los vivos. Es el arte —en su significado mas amplio— lo que nos ensena a sentir por ellos y lo que genera un relato en el que sus cuerpos y huesos importan. Es el arte lo que hace que los muertos vivan de nuevo de maneras importantes dentro de la cultura. Este articulo toma como caso de estudio el nuevo National Lynching Memorial en Montgomery Alabama. catalaPrimo Levi en The Drowned and the Saved suggereix que l'estar present davant nosaltres es el que fa possible que sentim llastima per un “co-huma” i actuem d'acord amb els nostres sentiments. Ens preocupem pels altres en relacio inversa a la distancia que ens separa d'ells. Pel que respecta als morts, situats a l'altre costat d'un abisme en aparenca insalvable, es troben incommensurablement mes lluny de nosaltres que fins i tot el mes distant dels vius. Es l'art —en el seu significat mes ampli— el que ens ensenya a sentir per ells i el que genera un relat en el qual els seus cossos i ossos importen. Es l'art el que fa que els morts visquen de nou de maneres importants dins de la cultura. Aquest article pren com a cas d'estudi el nou National Lynching Memorial a Montgomery Alabama. EnglishPrimo Levi in The Drowned and the Saved suggests that it is being present before us that makes it possible to feel pity for a “co-human” sufficient to make us act on our feelings. We care about others in inverse relation to their distance from us. I want to suggest that in the case of the dead who, on the other side of a seemingly unbridgeable chasm, are immeasurably further from us that even the most distant of the living. It is art –broadly understood– that teaches us to feel for them and that makes a narrative in which their bodies and bones matter. It is art that makes the dead live again in culturally important ways. This article takes as its case study the new National Lynching Memorial in Montgomery Alabama.
Lived Experience and Living History: A Case Study of the Black on Campus Student Journalism Project.

Journalism jobs decreased significantly in the last decade and so have training opportunities for students, including Black college students. This essay explores the national student journalism pro...
How build angle and post-processing impact roughness and corrosion of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

Additively manufactured austenitic stainless steels exhibit numerous microstructural and morphological differences compared to their wrought counterparts that will influence the metals corrosion resistance. The characteristic as-printed surface roughness of powder bed fusion (PBF) stainless steel parts is one of these morphological differences that increases the parts susceptibility to localized corrosion. This study experimentally determines the average surface roughness and breakdown potential (Eb) for PBF 316L in 6 surface finished states: as-printed, ground with SiC paper, tumble polished in abrasive media, electro-polished, chemically passivated, and the application of a contour/re-melt scan strategy. In general, a smaller average surface roughness led to a larger Eb. The smoothest surface treatments, ground and electro-polished conditions, led to Eb near the materials limit (~+1.0 VAg/AgCl) while all other surface treatments exhibited significantly lower Eb (~+0.3 VAg/AgCl) The build angle was also shown to impact surface roughness, where surfaces at high angles from the build direction resulted in larger roughness values, hence lower Eb.
Treatment flows after outsourcing public insurance provision: Evidence from Florida Medicaid

While politics can determine what public goods are available, elected officials must decide on the method of allocation. Commonly, governments provide public health insurance directly or pay private parties to administer it on their behalf. Such contracting can leverage private sector expertise but also raises agency concerns. In particular, little is known about how private provision of public health insurance impacts medical decision-making and treatment flows for low-income populations. An example comes from the Medicaid program, which has increasingly relied on outside insurers to deliver health services to enrollees. We exploit a large legislative intervention in Florida to show that Medicaid managed care (MMC) organizations generally do not skimp on short-run treatment delivery in the inpatient setting. In fact, patients with severe and chronic illnesses receive more inpatient services under these contracts, especially in relation to managing care transitions. We also document increased competition in the MMC market following the state's policy intervention.
Association between preoperative prostate-specific antigen levels and mortality in high- and intermediate-grade prostate cancer patients who received radical prostatectomy: Findings from the SEER database.

Abstract Background The degree of expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been applied for the purpose of screening and monitoring the progression of prostate cancer. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between preoperative PSA levels and mortality outcomes in men with high- and intermediate-grade prostate cancer who received radical prostatectomy. Methods The 2004–2014 files of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result database were analyzed. A total of 97,357 patients with non-metastatic high- and intermediate-grade adenocarcinoma of the prostate who received radical prostatectomy were identified. Using Kaplan–Meier estimates and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, the relationship between preoperative PSA values and cancer-specific mortality outcomes in men with high- and intermediate-grade prostate cancer who received radical prostatectomy was tested. Results Of 97,357 patients with high- and intermediate-grade prostate cancer who received radical prostatectomy from 2001 to 2014, there were 983 cancer-specific deaths, and the average follow-up time for the cohort was 85.0 (34.6) months. Preoperative PSA values > 10 ng/ml were associated with greater risk of cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio 2.3, P Conclusions Individuals with preoperative PSA values 4–10 ng/ml had 20% lower risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality when compared to individuals with preoperative PSA values of
Are Patients More Susceptible to Viral Illness Immediately Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty? An Analysis of Influenza Diagnoses Using Multiple Administrative Databases.

Abstract Background Elective surgery elicits a systemic immune response and may result in transient immunosuppression in certain patients. It is currently unknown whether patients are at increased risk for viral infection and associated illness in the immediate postoperative period following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Methods Four large administrative datasets (Medicare 5% and 100% standard analytic files, Humana claims, and Mariner Database) were analyzed to identify patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) from 2005 to 2017. The influenza vaccination status of each patient was defined using the presence or absence of a code for vaccination. The incidence of an influenza diagnosis was recorded in both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients during peak influenza season following the date of surgery and compared to a cohort of vaccinated patients who did not undergo surgery. Results The incidence of postoperative influenza diagnoses in TKA and THA patients was similar to that of vaccinated patients who did not undergo TJA at all time points. The results were largely consistent across all datasets. Conclusion Large administrative databases fail to show an increased incidence of influenza in patients who have recently undergone TJA. While the lack of signal in the data is reassuring, these findings are limited by the nature of large administrative datasets and the accuracy of coding for influenza. Further studies will be necessary to fully understand an individual patient’s postoperative risk for contracting a viral illness. Level of Evidence Level III.
Heterogeneity Is a Hallmark of Traumatic Brain Injury, Not a Limitation: A New Perspective on Study Design in Rehabilitation Research.

Purpose In both basic science and intervention research in traumatic brain injury (TBI), heterogeneity in the patient population is frequently cited as a limitation and is often interpreted as a fa...
Graphical representations of patient tolerability data: Recommendations from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Moonshot Standardization Working Group.

e18612Background: Effective communication of treatment tolerability data is essential for clinical decision making and improved patient outcomes, yet standardized approaches to the analysis and vis...
Measuring Seismic Shear Strengths for Bootlegger Cove Clay

This article presents an evaluation of the undrained shear strengths for Bootlegger Cove Clay (BCC) in the Anchorage, Alaska area for seismic stability and permanent deformation analyses for public and private infrastructure. Given the high seismicity of the area, the focus herein is on measuring and selecting undrained strengths that reflect the effects of cyclic loadings and level of permanent displacement predicted to occur. The laboratory cyclic test results herein show that BCC will mobilize at least 80 % of the static peak undrained shear strength (∼20 % reduction) if field permanent displacements are less than 0.1 m. If field displacements are between 0.1 and 1.0 m, BCC will mobilize an undrained shear strength in between the static peak and residual undrained strengths in addition to the 20 % reduction for the effects of cyclic loading. If field permanent displacements are greater than 1.0 m, the BCC will mobilize the static residual undrained strength. Recommendations for field vane shear and laboratory shear tests are presented for measuring these undrained shear strengths.
Reducing policing in mental health crises: A vision for university campuses

University campuses could become leaders in developing alternatives to policing for managing public health and safety, yet, nearly all campuses rely on campus or local police to respond to mental health emergencies. Herein, we present the available evidence for campus mobile crisis intervention teams (MCITs) as an alternative to policing, consider what colleges and universities can learn from existing community MCIT models, and propose initial steps for the development and implementation of a campus MCIT.
Digital practice spaces and clinical practice in teacher preparation: Current uses and future possibilities

This paper explores how the use of digital practice spaces (DPSs) can inform teacher preparation through a reimagining of clinical practice in teacher preparation by addressing the question: what r...
Women, Globalization and Fragmentation in the Developing World

Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction Women, Globalisation and Fragmentation H. Afshar and S. Barrientos Fractioned States and Negotiated Boundaries: Gender and Law in India S. Rai Right-Wing Mobilisation of Women in India: Hindutva's Willing Performers J. Phalkey The Impact of Global and the Reconstruction of Local - Islamic Ideology and Assessment of its Role in Shaping Feminist Politics in Post-Revolutionary Iran H. Afshar The Informal Sector and the Conservative Consensus: A Case of Fragmentation in Egypt N. El-Mikawy Women-Headed Households: Global Orthodoxies and Grassroots Realities S. Chant Women, Industrialisation and Environment in Indonesia I. Smyth Gender and the Global Food Chain: A Comparative Study of Chile and the UK S. Barrientos and D. Perrons Women's Work in Changing Labour Markets: The Case of Thailand in the 1980s R. Kurian Health Education for Women as a Liberatory Process? An Example From Tajikstan C. Harris Why Rural Technologies Fail to Meet the Needs of Nigerian Women: Evidence From a Hausa Women's Group in Kano State S. Tarfa
Estimating a probability using finite memory

Let {Xi i=1 ∞ } be a sequence of independent Bernoulli random variables with probability p that X i =1 and probability q=1 − p that X i =0 for all i≥1. We consider time-invariant finite-memory (i.e., finite-state) estimation procedures for the parameter p which take X1, ... as an input sequence. In particular, we describe an n-state deterministic estimation procedure that can estimate p with mean-square error O(log n/n) and an n-state probabilistic estimation procedure that can estimate p with mean-square error O(1/n). We prove that the O(1/n) bound is optimal to within a constant factor. In addition, we show that linear estimation procedures are just as powerful (up to the measure of mean-square error) as arbitrary estimation procedures. The proofs are based on the Markov Chain Tree Theorem.
Hepatic Distribution and Clearance of Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver

Purpose. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of backbone modifications on the hepatobiliary disposition of oligonucleotides.
Purification and properties of yolk protein factor I, a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein from Drosophila melanogaster.

We report the purification and some of the biochemical properties of yolk protein factor I (YPF1). This protein binds to a specific site in the yolk protein 1 gene (yp1) of Drosophila melanogaster. YPF1 has been purified to 95% homogeneity and consists of a heterodimer of two subunits with molecular weights 85,000 and 69,000. The protein is highly asymmetric with a frictional ratio of 1.56 which leads to calculated dimensions of 510 x 51 A when modeled as a prolate ellipsoid of revolution. It binds the yp1 DNA site with a protein/DNA stoichiometry of 1:1. Binding to that site is essentially irreversible with a dissociation rate constant of koff less than or equal to 2 x 10(-7) s-1, which gives the complex a dissociation half-life of approximately 55 days. The measured apparent second order association rate constant is 4 x 10(8) M-1 s-1 resulting in a calculated equilibrium dissociation constant of KD less than or equal to 5 x 10(-16) M. YPF1 also has a 10(8) selectivity for the yp1 site over poly(dA).poly(dT) (KDapp = 2 x 10(-8) M(nucleotide].
Development of Megasonic cleaning for silicon wafers

A cleaning and drying system for processing at least 2500 three in. diameter wafers per hour was developed with a reduction in process cost. The system consists of an ammonia hydrogen peroxide bath in which both surfaces of 3/32 in. spaced, ion implanted wafers are cleaned in quartz carriers moved on a belt past two pairs of megasonic transducers. The wafers are dried in the novel room temperature, high velocity air dryer in the same carriers used for annealing. A new laser scanner was used effectively to monitor the cleaning ability on a sampling basis.
Volcanic eruption detection with TOMS

The Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) is designed for mapping of the atmospheric ozone distribution. Absorption by sulfur dioxide at the same ultraviolet spectral wavelengths makes it possible to observe and resolve the size of volcanic clouds. The sulfur dioxide absorption is discriminated from ozone and water clouds in the data processing by their spectral signatures. Thus, the sulfur dioxide can serve as a tracer which appears in volcanic eruption clouds because it is not present in other clouds. The detection limit with TOMS is close to the theoretical limit due to telemetry signal quantization of 1000 metric tons (5-sigma threshold) within the instrument field of view (50 by 50 km near the nadir). Requirements concerning the use of TOMS in detection of eruptions, geochemical cycles, and volcanic climatic effects are discussed.
Questões suscitadas pelo conhecimento tradicional

Novas relacoes e parcerias deveriam ser estabelecidas entre ossistemas de conhecimento tradicional e a ciencia, baseadas numa filosofiada ciencia mais contemporânea. Enquanto a antropologia deve procurarconhecer esses sistemas, a ciencia deve praticar um escambo de resultadossem procurar coloniza-los. Analisa-se o exemplo dos processos de conservacaoda diversidade agricola on farm no Rio Negro.
Measurement of enthalpy and volume changes in photoinitiated reactions on the ms timescale with a novel pressure cell

Time-resolved photoacoustics is an excellent method with which to measure enthalpy and volume changes of photochemical and photobiological reactions. However, it fails at times longer than ∼10 µs. The design principles of a pressure or volume cell covering the time range of 20 µs to several seconds is presented. The sensitivity of the cell has been verified and its application to the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin is presented. Because of the similar cell structure and data analysis it is now possible to determine enthalpy and volume changes in photo-initiated reactions over the timescale of nanoseconds to seconds with the same solution.
School District Compliance with Regulations for Resource and Special Class Programs

This article reports the results of a survey of special education teachers in New York State regarding state regulations for resource and special class programs. Three hundred and fifty-seven special education teachers in 31 randomly selected school districts responded to a questionnaire. Results indicated that the majority of districts were in compliance with the regulations the survey addressed; however, 13% to 31% of the teachers' responses indicated noncompliance with specific regulations in some school districts. Other problems in special education programs were also identified in the survey.
Simultaneous Process-Response Study on the East and West Coasts of Lake Michigan☆

Abstract A 15-day time-series study was conducted simultaneously on both the east and west sides of Lake Michigan during the summer of 1974 at Zion, Illinois and South Haven, Michigan. The primary objective of the study was to determine the nature of process-response activities as a single weather system moves offshore and onshore as it crosses the lake. Observed patterns in the weather, waves and currents are quite similar at both sites. Changes in processes and the topographic response occurred simultaneously on both sides of the lake, at least within the limits of sampling intervals. The conceptual model developed by the authors for Lake Michigan coastal processes, was found to be applicable to this study.
Mitochondria contribute to Ca2+ removal in smooth muscle cells.

Recent evidence, from a variety of cell types, suggests that mitochondria play an important role in shaping the change in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i,) that occurs during physiological stimulation. In the present study, using a range of inhibitors of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, we have examined the contribution of mitochondria to Ca2+ removal from the cytosol of smooth muscle cells following stimulation. In voltage-clamped single smooth muscle cells, we found that following a 8-s train of depolarizing pulses, the rate of Ca2+ extrusion from the cytosol was reduced by more than 50% by inhibitors of cytochrome oxidase or exposure of cells to the protonophore carbonyl cyanideP-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone. Using the potential-sensitive indicator tetramethyl rhodamine ethyl ester, we confirmed that the effect of these agents was associated with depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. Since, the primary function of the mitochondria is to provide the cell's ATP, it could be argued that it is the ATP supply to the ion pumps which is limiting the rate of Ca2+ removal. However, experiments carried out with the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter inhibitor ruthenium red produced similar results, while the ATP synthetase inhibitor oligomycin had no effect, suggesting that the effect was not due to ATP insufficiency. These results establish that mitochondria in smooth muscle cells play a significant role in removing Ca2+ from the cytosol following stimulation. The uptake of Ca2+ into mitochondria is proposed to stimulate mitochondrial ATP production, thereby providing a means for matching increased energy demand, following the cell's rise in [Ca2+]i;, with increased cellular ATP production.
Contamination of microgravity liquid diffusivity measurements by void-generated thermocapillary convection

This paper examines the effects of thermocapillary convection generated by a void or bubble on the self-diffusion measurement of molten indium in microgravity. The study is based on the thermophysical and geometrical configurations of the self-diffusion in liquid elements (SDLE) microgravity experiment. A transient finite element model of the diffusion capillary is presented. Numerical simulations of the transport processes in the diffusion capillary indicate that the concentration stratification in the enclosure is greatly modified by void-generated convection when small temperature non-uniformities are present in the system. The extent to which this modification can contaminate the diffusion data obtained by the Harned-Codastefano methodology is determined. In order to generalize the findings, results are summarized by relating the extent of the convective contamination of the diffusion data to the thermocapillary Reynolds number of the bubble and the Schmidt number of the system.
Evaluation of tafamidis as first-line therapeutic agent for transthyretin familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy

Almost 100 mutations in the human transthyretin (TTR) gene cause the autosomal dominant disorders of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) and familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy. While these have been clinically classified as separate disorders, the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems and the heart are frequently involved in the same patient. Deposition of amyloid derived from a kinetically or thermodynamically unstable mutant TTR precursor produces an ascending sensorimotor polyneuropathy with marked autonomic involvement. Since 1990, treatment has been liver transplantation from a donor carrying two wild-type TTR genes, providing a crude form of gene therapy. Multiple studies have shown that small molecules fitting in the T4-binding pocket of TTR can stabilize the molecule, reducing its capacity to release the fibril precursor. Tafamidis is the first molecule to be tested in a placebo-controlled trial in patients with TTR-associated FAP. While the trial did not achieve its primary endpoints, it did stabilize TTR in vivo and had a favorable effect on some aspects of disease progression, particularly when administered early in the course. It may represent an alternative to liver transplantation, particularly in patients with early disease related to the V30M mutation. Longer-term studies are required to determine whether it represents a stabilizing or remittive form of treatment.
Accuracy: What Is It? Why Do I Need It? How Much Do I Need?

Definitions are provided for the various types of accuracy (repeatable, relational and geodetic or absolute). A discussion of the many statistical bases for accuracy statements follows. These are discussed both as to how they relate to each other, and how they relate to the navigators' frame of reference. All to often accuracy, and other requirements are based on desire, with little regard for reality (How much accuracy do I need?—“As much as I can get.”). Some suggestions, tempered with reality, are made as to how much accuracy is needed.
Virtual private networks: an overview with performance evaluation

Virtual private networks have gained immense popularity among commercial and defense organizations because of their capability to provide secure connectivity at lower costs. Several commercial and open source VPN products are now available that can be configured to provide VPN services with varying characteristics. This article studies some of the most popular open-source Linux-based VPN solutions (OSLVs) and compares them with respect to network performance (measured in terms of overhead, bandwidth utilization, and latency/jitter), features and functionalities (e.g., algorithm plugins and routing), and operational concerns (defined by security and scalability). Our experiments suggest that there is no single OSLV solution that excels in all considered aspects, and a combination of different VPN products and/or trade-off among desired characteristics may be required to deliver optimal performance. Our experiments also suggest that on an average, OSLVs using UDP-based tunnels have 50 percent lower overhead, 80 percent higher bandwidth utilization, and 40-60 percent lower latency/jitter than those using TCP.
Oxidation-reduction reactions in the photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium. I. Absorption spectrum changes in whole cells☆☆☆

Abstract Absorbancy changes (390–600 mμ) in the purple sulfur bacterium Chromatium have been studied by means of a double-beam spectrophotometer. Irradiation of anaerobic bacteria with near infrared causes the oxidation of at least four cytochrome species: C 423.5, C 426, C 422 , and C 430 . These reactions are insensitive to carbon monoxide and cyanide, but are obliterated by dithionite. Aeration in the dark causes the oxidation of C 426 (a CO-binding pigment) and C 423.5 . These reactions are inhibited by cyanide. Irradiation of aerobic bacteria results in the oxidation of C 422 and C 430 . Addition of phenylmercuric acetate to aerobic suspensions in the dark causes further oxidation of cytochrome. Irradiation then causes the appearance of a broad absorption band at 432 mμ superimposed upon lesser absorbancy changes.
How does prior knowledge impact students' online learning behaviors?

This study explored the impact of prior domain knowledge on studentsâ€™ strategies and use of digital resources during a Web-based learning task. Domain knowledge was measured using pre- and posttests of factual knowledge and knowledge application. Students utilized an age- and topic-relevant collection of 796 Web resources drawn from an existing educational digital library to revise essays that they had written prior to the online learning task. Following essay revision, participants self-reported their strategies for improving their essays. Screen-capture software was used to record all student interactions with Web-based resources and all modifications to their essays. Analyses examined the relationship between different levels of studentsâ€™ prior knowledge and online learning behaviors, self-reported strategies, and learning outcomes. Findings demonstrated that higher levels of factual prior knowledge were associated with deeper learning and stronger use of digital resources, but that higher levels of deep prior knowledge were associated with less frequent use of online content and fewer deep revisions. These results suggest that factual knowledge can serve as a useful knowledge base during self-directed, online learning tasks, but deeper prior knowledge may lead novice learners to adopt suboptimal processes and behaviors.
PRISONERS AND LOCUS OF CONTROL: INITIAL ASSESSMENTS OF A SPECIFIC SCALE

The relatively few studies conducted with prisoners' locus of control suggest an important relationship between locus of control and prisoners' adjustment. However, one obstacle to further development of this knowledge is lack of appropriate measurement. This paper is an account of initial assessments conducted with a locus of control measure specific to the prison environment. All tests support the reliability and validity of the scale. Results of the assessments also indicate changes which should be made to improve the psychometric properties of the scale. Further assessments will need to be conducted after the instrument is revised. Use of the Prison Locus of Control scale should facilitate and lend accuracy to research with prisoners. The scale items are provided.
System analysis techniques applied to the Forrester world model—Part III: Correlation and spectral analysis

Abstract Correlation analysis reveals some of the inherent properties of the world system. Natural resources and capital investment form an independent subsystem and are unaffected by other state variables. Population is stable and will not increase unless forced to do so by capital investment. Spectral analysis is not particularly revealing except for the fact that a large amplitude occurs around ƒ = ƒ0. This indicates a very inertial system and the need for more study to aid in understanding long-term changes in world behavior.