cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marginal emissions factors for the U.S. electricity system.

There is growing interest in reducing emissions from electricity generation in the United States (U.S.). Renewable energy, energy efficiency, and energy conservation are all commonly suggested solutions. Both supply- and demand-side interventions will displace energy—and emissions—from conventional generators. Marginal emissions factors (MEFs) give a consistent metric for assessing the avoided emissions resulting from such interventions. This paper presents the first systematic calculation of MEFs for the U.S. electricity system. Using regressions of hourly generation and emissions data from 2006 through 2011, we estimate regional MEFs for CO2, NOx, and SO2, as well as the share of marginal generation from coal-, gas-, and oil-fired generators. Trends in MEFs with respect to system load, time of day, and month are explored. We compare marginal and average emissions factors (AEFs), finding that AEFs may grossly misestimate the avoided emissions resulting from an intervention. We find significant regional d...
An atlas-based method to compensate for brain shift: Preliminary results

Compensating for intraoperative brain shift using computational models has shown promising results. Since computational time is an important factor during neurosurgery, a priori knowledge of the possible sources of deformation can increase the accuracy of model-updated image-guided systems. In this paper, a strategy to compensate for distributed loading conditions in the brain such as brain sag, volume changes due to drug reactions, and brain swelling due to edema is presented. An atlas of model deformations based on these complex loading conditions is computed preoperatively and used with a constrained linear inverse model to predict the intraoperative distributed brain shift. This relatively simple inverse finite-element approach is investigated within the context of a series of phantom experiments, two in vivo cases, and a simulation study. Preliminary results indicate that the approach recaptured on average 93% of surface shift for the simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments. With respect to subsurface shift, comparisons were only made with simulation and phantom experiments and demonstrated an ability to recapture 85% of the shift. This translates to a remaining surface and subsurface shift error of 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.0 ± 0.4 mm, respectively, for deformations on the order of 1 cm.
Quantum Lithography with Classical Light

We show how to achieve subwavelength diffraction and imaging with classical light, previously thought to require quantum fields. By correlating wave vector and frequency in a narrow band, multiphoton detection process that uses Doppleron-type resonances, we show how to achieve arbitrary focal and image plane patterning with classical laser light at submultiples of the Rayleigh limit, with high efficiency, visibility, and spatial coherence. A frequency-selective measurement process thus allows one to simulate, semiclassically, the path-number correlations that distinguish a quantum entangled field.
SURFACTANT PROTEIN-B (SP-B) PROMOTER IN REPLICATION DEFICIENT ADENOVIRUS(rAd) DIRECTS PULMONARY EPITHELIAL CELL-SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION. • 1986

Gene therapy using rAd shows promise in treating genetic pulmonary diseases. Inherited deficiency of SP-B, a proteolipid critical to pulmonary surfactant, results in severe respiratory failure in term infants. SP-B is produced by alveolar type II cells and bronchiolar Clara cells and may be harmful within other cells due to its fusogenic properties. A SP-B promoter(SPB; -640/+319 relative to transcription start site) shows lung epithelial cell line specificity in transient transfection of H441 pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells with promoter strength similar to the promiscuous viral RSV promoter. To explore cell-type specific gene therapy for SP-B deficiency, we compared expression of the lacZ reporter gene driven by the RSV or SP-B promoters in rAd. Dose-response and time course experiments in H441 cells demonstrated efficient rAd.SPB.lacZ and rAd.RSV.lacZ infection with 24h of virus exposure at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of≈1-10 with high-level β-galactosidase activity after 72h. X-gal staining showed specificity of rAd.SPB.lacZ for pulmonary derived cell lines (A549 and H441 versus HeLa) whereas all cell lines stained extensively with rAd.RSV.lacZ. This finding was confirmed by quantitative β-gal assay: the ratios of rAd.SPB.lacZ to rAd.RSV.lacZ β-gal activities(average ± SEM) were A549 = 1.96 ± 0.69; H441 = 0.66 ± 0.13; HeLa = 0.05 ± 0.01; p<0.05; n=3). Human fetal lung explants(24wk gestation) infected with rAd.SPB.lacZ had preferential X-gal staining of airway lining cells versus interstitial cells. Epithelia of explanted trachea showed minimal staining. All lung and trachea explant cell types stained extensively with rAd.RSV.lacZ. rAd.SPB.lacZ infection of mixed cells isolated from lung explants showed staining of most epithelial cells and rare fibroblasts. Primary fibroblasts infected with rAd.SPB.lacZ (MOI 1-300) had very low β-gal activities (7-94 A420/min/mg protein) whereas β-gal activities of fibroblasts infected with rAd.RSV.lacZ increased in a dose-dependent manner (480-55200 A420/min/mg protein). These results indicate that the SP-B promoter in rAd maintains cell line specificity and may be useful for limiting transgene expression to type II and Clara cells. (supported by 5 P30 HD28815)
The Stream of Consciousness: XVIII. Introducing the State-Appropriative Acts:

From within the stream of consciousness, according to William James, there take place very frequently acts of “appropriation” to oneself of other basic durational components of the stream. Some com...
Natural Antioxidants for Preventing Color Loss in Stored Paprika

Oxidative carotenoid degradation causes paprika color loss during storage. Ethoxyquin, a synthetic antioxidant, is used in the spice industry to prevent carotenoid loss during postharvest handling. However, ethoxyquin treated paprika is unacceptable for some markets and consumers. Naturally derived antioxidants, i.e., rosemary extracts, ascorbic acid, δ-tocopherol, and mixed tocopherols were tested as color protectants in two paprika cultivars. Extractable color, surface color and carotenoid concentrations were determined before storage and then monthly. After 4 mo storage at ambient temperature, the control treatment lost 63% of the initial extractable color, the δ-tocopherol treated samples lost 32%, and the ethoxyquin lost 6% color.
The effect of culture on a visual-spatial memory task.

Abstract The visual-spatial memory ability of 25 Zairian elementary school children was compared with that of 23 Scottish children, using a variation of Kearins's (1976) object placement task. The Scottish children demonstrated significantly better visual-spatial memory than the Zairian children when the easiest (small household objects) of three arrays was presented. The Scottish and Zairian children demonstrated a similar level of visual-spatial ability when the other two arrays (geometric shapes and a variety of natural pieces of wood) were presented, and there were no significant gender differences. Although the Australian Aboriginal children's performance on the visual-spatial task in Drinkwater's (1976) study was superior to the White children's performance (Kearins, 1976, 1981), the Zairian children's performance in this study was not. Perhaps the Aboriginal groups, over countless generations navigating the trackless desert of western Australia, were forced by their environment to develop an aptitu...
To Make Teacher Education Work

To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, the following paper was delivered at the 1985 Annual Conference of the Teacher Education Division. The presentation frames the legacy of P.L. 94-142 and the demand for excellence in education within the context of the relationships between teacher educators and students in teacher education programs. The charge is put forth that if we as teacher educators desire to develop teachers who have the capacity to create and maintain humane learning environments, then we must in turn create such environments for them in our teacher education programs. If we wish our future teachers to respect the human spirit and nurture human potential in all its forms, then we must do the same for them.
Sequence of repolarization on the ventricular surface in the dog.

Abstract Our study provides a reasonably detailed “repolarization map” of the ventricular surface in the dog heart. The approximately constant repolarization slope of all MAP's on the surface supports the validity of the assumption that the sequence of ventricular repolarization can be derived from the sequence of refractoriness. Our results agree with the studies of functional refractory periods and show that the duration of recovery tends to shorten during the course of activation. This sequence is consistent with the positive ventricular gradient in the electrocardiogram.
Distributed Comparison Test Driven Multiprocessor Speed-Tuning: Targeting Performance Gains under Extreme Process Variations

Exhaustive speed testing of all the cores under extreme inter and intra-die process variations in a large chip multi processor (CMP) is expensive in terms of test time and may not guarantee full CMP functionality due to lack of coverage of timing failures induced by second-order effects such as cross talk, power/ground bounce and speed-limiting design bugs that are not "caught" by relevant combinatorial design verification algorithms. The goal of this research is to develop a methodology that allows the "safe" speed of each core in a large CMP to be determined under the assumption that some speed defects and design bugs are likely to escape conventional delay testing procedures. Accordingly, baseline speeds using conventional tests are determined for each CMP core using a comparison based speed-tuning algorithm. To prevent "blue screens" from any test escapes, relevant applications are then run on the CMP in "fail-safe/redundant" mode to "top-up" speed-defect coverage. Over a period of time, using a concurrent tuning algorithm, the true "safe speeds' of all the cores are determined in O(log(Fp)) steps, independent of the size of the array, where Fp is the number of discrete clock speeds possible. Subsequently, each core is run "independently" at its highest "safe' clock speed achieving maximum possible CMP performance.
Solvation and rotational dynamics in acetonitrile/propylene carbonate mixtures: a binary system for use in dynamical solvent effect studies

Abstract Equilibrium and nonequilibrium solvation properties as measured by the Stokes shift of coumarin 153 are reported for a series of acetonitrile/propylene carbonate binary mixtures at room temperature. Steady-state spectroscopy shows that the solvent reorganization energy is independent of composition in this mixture. Solvation and rotational times vary nearly ten-fold between the pure solvent limits, in a manner that is correlated to bulk solution viscosity. The wide range of solvation times together with the constant solvent reorganization energy should render this binary system useful for investigating dynamical solvent effects on charge-transfer processes.
Moment problems and subnormality

Abstract We investigate the connection between certain algebraic conditions on a subnormal tuple S and the support of the representing measure ϱ s for S .
Precocious nasal chemosensitivity in hyperthyroid rat pups.

Abstract The development of nasal chemosensitivity was measured in rat pups that received exogenous l -thyroxine or a vehicle injection on postnatal Days 1–4. Unconditioned respiratory responses were used to measure detection of the olfactant, amyl acetate, which was presented via a dilution olfactometer in an ascending series of log-unit concentrations. Thyroxine-treated pups exhibited greater sensitivity than control subjects on Day 6. Sensitivity appeared to converge in hormone-treated and control pups by Day 8 and continued to improve in both groups until the last day of testing (Day 16).
Azimuthal Asymmetries From Jets Quenched In Fluctuating Backgrounds

High momentum jets and hadrons are important probes for the quark gluon plasma (QGP) formed in nuclear collisions at high energies. We investigate how fluctuations in the background density of the QGP and fluctuations in the spatial distribution of the hard process create azimuthal asymmetries of the high momentum hadron spectrum, described by the Fourier coefficients vn, n > 0 . We estimate the coefficients up to v6 in a simple energy loss model tuned to single inclusive hadron suppression.
Memorial familiarity remains intact for pictures but not for words in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Understanding how memory breaks down in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) process has significant implications, both clinically and with respect to intervention development. Previous work has highlighted a robust picture superiority effect in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, it remains unclear as to how pictures improve memory compared to words in this patient population. In the current study, we utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to obtain estimates of familiarity and recollection for pictures and words in patients with aMCI and healthy older controls. Analysis of accuracy shows that even when performance is matched between pictures and words in the healthy control group, patients with aMCI continue to show a significant picture superiority effect. The results of the ROC analysis showed that patients demonstrated significantly impaired recollection and familiarity for words compared controls. In contrast, patients with aMCI demonstrated impaired recollection, but intact familiarity for pictures, compared to controls. Based on previous work from our lab, we speculate that patients can utilize the rich conceptual information provided by pictures to enhance familiarity, and perceptual information may allow for post-retrieval monitoring or verification of the enhanced sense of familiarity. Alternatively, the combination of enhanced conceptual and perceptual fluency of the test item might drive a stronger or more robust sense of familiarity that can be accurately attributed to a studied item.
Geochemistry of barium in pelagic sediments

Abstract High concentrations and accumulation rates of Ba occur on active (spreading) ridges, and in some areas of high biological productivity. These patterns show that Ba is deposited on the deep sea floor by both volcanic and biological processes.
Polarization-albedo relationship for selected lunar regions

I HAVE tested the accepted theory that there is a strong inverse relationship between brightness and polarization on the lunar surface, by measuring the polarization of several examples of “pure” maria (dark and light), highlands and mountains in five passbands with a photoelectric Wollaston polarimeter. The effective central wavelengths were 3360 A, 3640 A, 3830 A, 4500 A and 5340 A and the bandwidths (half-response points) ranged from 330 to 560 A. The short wavelengths are uncertain (± 30 A) because of unknown atmospheric extinction. Observations of the 30 s of arc diameter regions were made within a sufficiently short period of time during each observing session that the lunar phase angle (−107°) did not change by more than ±1.5°. The probable error was ±0.06 per cent in polarization. The observations were made on June 14, 1967, and May 4, 1968, UT. Some of the regions were measured on both dates.
Information theoretic conditions for tracking in leader-follower systems with communication constraints

In this paper, we introduce a general framework for tracking in leader-follower systems under communication constraints, in which the leader and follower systems as well as the corresponding controllers are spatially distributed and connected over communication links. We provide necessary conditions on the channel data rate of each communication link for tracking of the leader-follower systems. By considering the forward and feedback channels as one cascade channel, we also provide a lower bound for the data rate of the cascade channel for the system to track a reference signal such that the tracking error has finite second moment. Examples and simulations are provided to demonstrate some of the results.
integrality and Normalizing Extensions of Rings

In this note we prove an integrality result for certain finite normalizing ring extensions. In particular this applies to the extension R CR * G, where R is any ring and R * G denotes a crossed product of the finite group G over R. This result is then used to prove a Going Up Theorem for such crossed products. Indeed we show that if A is a G-prime ideal of R and if P is a prime ideal of R * G with P n H C A, then there exists a prime ideal Q of R * G with P CQ and Q n R -: .4. Let S be a ring and let R be a subring with the same 1. We say that the extension R C S is normalizing if there exist elements xi (i E I) in S such that:
PURSUING THE 17 keV NEUTRINO

Evidence both for and against the existence of a 17 keV neutrino presents an unresolved conundrum. The experimental status is reviewed, emphasizing recent attempts to clarify the issue and thoughts on how the situation might be improved.
High temperature resistivity characteristics of nonstoichiometric V2O3

The resistivity anomaly encountered in stoichiometric V2O3 is gradually suppressed with increasing density of cation vacancies. These observations are discussed in terms of related findings reported in the literature.
The Heroic Supervisor: Using the Hero's Journey to Facilitate Development in Supervisors-in-Training

This qualitative study explored the perspectives of nine supervisors-in-training to understand how they used metaphoric stories containing the hero's/heroine's journey to conceptualize their process of transitioning from counselor to supervisor. Analysis revealed a three-phase process of counselor supervisor development similar to the process of development and transformation described in both the constructivist model of change (Mahoney, 2006) and the hero's journey (Campbell, 1988). Results also indicated that conceptualizing their development as supervisors using the stories provided students with a valuable opportunity for critical self-reflection and meaning making. Suggestions for clinical supervision practice, training, and future research are discussed.
Concluding Comments on Androgyny: Some Intimations of Its Mature Development.

Major problems and ideas raised by the articles in this special issue are discussed, with an emphasis upon their implications for the productive development of androgyny research. First, the various methods of scoring a given sex-role inventory differ in their definitions of androgyny and in their underlying models of the relationships among masculinity, femininity, and other variables. Accordingly, recommendations for the judicious use of scoring methods are made. Second, adjustment differences between androgynous and sex-typed individuals are discussed, and researchers are urged to determine the specific aspects of sex roles which may be dysfunctional in particular settings. Third, attention is drawn to new methodologies and new content areas for androgyny research. Finally, the implications of the historical and cultural “location” of this research area for its status as a scientific enterprise are discussed.
Numerical study of an explosion in a non-homogeneous medium with and without magnetic fields

A version of the two step Lax-Wendroff difference method with second order accuracy is used to seek solutions of the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations for the study of an explosion in a non-homogeneous medium with and without magnetic fields. The explosion is initiated by introducing a finite amount of energy in a small volume of gas which leads to an instantaneous increase of gas temperature. Two types of magnetic field configurations (i.e. open and closed) are considered to illustrate the dependence and differences of magnetic and a non-magnetic flow motion. Numerical results show the strong dependence of induced MHD flow field on the magnetic field configuration and strength. The development and decay of the fast and slow MHD shock waves, as well as the ordinary gasdynamic shock waves, are also represented well by the present computer simulations. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the numerical scheme we have used is a reliable one for studying 2-dimensional MHD problems in non-homogeneous medium.
Enhancing the optical nonlinearity by 1D thin-film photonic crystals with Kerr defect cavities

In this paper, we study the linear and nonlinear responses of 1-D photonic bandgap (PBG) structures. We show that, the nonlinear interaction can be greatly enhanced by the use of Kerr defect modes in a 1D dielectric photonic crystal structure, such as low-intensity bistability and multistability, and by optimizing the design of the layer sequence. 1-D PBG structure can also be promising candidate as low-intensity nonlinear phase shifter. Nonlinear z-scan measurements of a 3-cavity thin-film PBG sample show that the nonlinearity is enhanced over the native material by a factor over 30, while maintaining a bandwidth greater than 1T Hz, which is great for all-optical switching.
Expression of active Notch1 in avian coronary development

Notch1 is an important regulator of intercellular interactions in cardiovascular development. We show that the nuclear-localized, cleaved and active form of Notch1, the Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD), appeared in mesothelial cells of the pro-epicardium during epicardial formation at looped heart stages. N1ICD was also present in mesothelial cells and mesenchymal cells specifically within the epicardium at sulcus regions. N1ICD-positive endothelial cells were detected within the nascent vessel plexus at the atrio-ventricular junction and within the compact myocardium (HH25-30). The endothelial cells expressing N1ICD were surrounded by N1ICD positive smooth muscle cells after coronary orifice formation (HH32-35), while N1ICD expression was absent in the mesenchymal and mesothelial cells surrounding mature coronary vessels. We propose that differential activation of the hypoxia/HIF1-VEGF-Notch pathway may play a role in epicardial cell interactions that promote epicardial EMT and coronary progenitor cell differentiation during epicardial development and coronary vasculogenesis in particularly hypoxic sulcus regions.
Benthic metabolism and the fate of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in intertidal sediments.

Abstract We determined patterns of benthic metabolism and examined the relative importance of denitrification (DNF) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) as sinks for nitrate (NO3−) in intertidal sediments in the presence and absence of benthic microalgal (BMA) activity. By influencing the activity of BMA, light regulated the metabolic status of the sediments, and, in turn, exerted strong control on sediment nitrogen dynamics and the fate of inorganic nitrogen. A pulsed addition of 15N-labeled NO3− tracked the effect and fate of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the system. Under illuminated conditions, BMA communities influenced benthic fluxes directly, via DIN uptake, and indirectly, by altering the oxygen penetration depth. Under dark hypoxic and anoxic conditions, the fate of water column NO3− was determined largely by three competing dissimilatory reductive processes; DNF, DNRA, and, on one occasion, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Mass balance of the added 15N tracer illustrated that DNF accounted for a maximum of 48.2% of the 15NO3− reduced while DNRA (a minimum of 11.4%) and anammox (a minimum of 2.2%) accounted for much less. A slurry experiment was employed to further examine the partitioning between DNF and DNRA. High sulfide concentrations negatively impacted rates of both processes, while high DOC:NO3− ratios favored DNRA over DNF.
Global Tuna Production Systems: Long Range Planning Under Conditions of Uncertainty

The payback from long-range investments in any industry can be affected by biological, physical, economic and political change and unanticipated eventualities that could affect the return on an investment are usually associated with either risk or uncertainty. In general, risk can be distinguished from uncertainty by the fact that risk can be predicted from past experience whereas uncertainty cannot. The parameters of various probability functions can be used to measure risk and risk becomes part of investment criteria by affecting insurance costs and by limiting the range of expected-values used in estimating benefits. Uncertainty, on the other hand, refers to the possibility of eventualities that may never have occurred previously and about which there is no apriori information. Investments in many ocean industries, especially those related to fish and mineral exploration, must be made with very little information under what might be called conditions of "virtual uncertainty". Of course, such investments could be postponed until more information is available, but inaction can be costly when there is international competition for development rights or access rights to promising ocean areas. To assure access to areas with the most development potential, initial investment decisions in these industries may have to be made without the benefit of a well-studied set of criteria.
Partial purification and characterization of mitotic factors from HeLa cells.

Extracts from mitotic HeLa cells, when injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes, exhibit maturation-promoting activity (MPA) as evidenced by the breakdown of the germinal vesicle and the condensation of chromosomes. In this study we have attempted to purify and characterize these mitotic factors. When 0.2 M NaCl-soluble extracts of mitotic HeLa cells were concentrated by ultrafiltration and subjected to affinity chromatography on hydroxylapatite followed by DNA-cellulose, the proteins with MPA eluted as a single peak and their specific activity was increased approx. 200-fold compared with crude extracts. The molecular weight of the mitotic factors was estimated to be 100 kD as determined by chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. SDS-PAGE of the partially-purified mitotic factors indicated the presence of several polypeptides ranging from 40–150 kD with a major band of about 50 kD. The majority of these polypeptides were found to be phosphoproteins as revealed by 32P-labeling and autoradiography. Very little or no phosphorylation was observed at the 50 kD band. Several of these polypeptides were reactive with mitosisspecific monoclonal antibodies, MPM-1 or MPM-2, as shown by immunoblots of these proteins but the major polypeptide band at 50 kD was not. Removal of the immunoreactive polypeptides by precipitation with these antibodies did not destroy the MPA. The MPA of the crude or the partially-purified mitotic factors was destroyed by injection of (but not pretreatment with) alkaline phosphatase within 45 min after injection of mitotic factors. These results are discussed in terms of a possible role of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of non-histone proteins in the regulation of mitosis and meiosis.
The ability of enteric bacteria to catalyze the covalent binding of bile acids and cholesterol to DNA and their inability to metabolize benzo(a)pyrene to a binding product and to known metabolites

Summary The capacity of enteric bacteria ( E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Shigella and Klebsiella ) to catalyze the covalent binding of benzo(a)pyrene (BP), cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and cholesterol was investigated. In general, these bacteria were incapable of activating BP to a covalently bound product with calf thymus DNA. Metabolism studies of BP by fluorometric assay failed to indicate any accumulation of BP-3-hydroxy in the incubation medium. Detailed metabolic investigation with high-pressure liquid chromatography indicated that these bacteria did not produce any known metabolites which are formed by mammalian systems. However, radioactivity was detected in all fractions, suggesting that the bacteria were readily metabolizing BP into smaller molecules for energy and carbon sources. Although the enteric bacteria did not metabolize BP into known metabolites, some were capable of activating cholesterol, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid to covalently bound products with DNA. The binding data with cholesterol and bile acids also suggested that the binding process required NADPH as a cofactor because binding level was rather low without NADPH.
A comparison of jaw-closing and jaw-opening idiopathic oromandibular dystonia.

Abstract Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is a form of focal dystonia that affects masticatory, lower facial, and lingual muscles. We compared the clinical variables and response to treatment between patients with idiopathic jaw-closure C-OMD ( n =11) and jaw-opening dystonia O-OMD ( n =12) seen in our Movement Disorders clinic over the last 10 years. The co-existence of dystonia in other regions and sensory tricks were significantly more prevalent in O-OMD ( P =0.049 and 0.03, respectively). Male gender, orobuccolingual dyskinesias (facial grimacing, lip biting, tongue dyskinesias, platysma contractions and bruxism) and better response to botulinum toxin injections were more frequent in C-OMD but remained a trend.
Corneal stromal invasive squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective morphological description in 10 horses

Objective To describe the pathomorphological features of corneal stromal invasive squamous cell carcinoma (CSI-SCC) in horses. Material and methods A total of 87 equine SCC in the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin database were retrieved. The signalment and anatomical distribution were summarized. Ten CSI-SCC out of 87 SCCs were further investigated focusing on pathomorphological description. All 10 cases were stained with H&E, periodic acid–Schiff stain and Verhoeff's elastic stain. Results Four Appaloosas, two Quarter horses, two American Paint, one Pinto and one Thoroughbred horse were affected. The mean age at the time of enucleation/keratectomy was 16.7 ± 5.2 years. Out of 10, five horses were clinically diagnosed as chronic stromal keratitis, 3 of 10 had a previous biopsy diagnosed as SCC, 1 of 10 was described as stromal mass, and 1 of 10 as invasive SCC. Previous keratectomies before enucleation were performed in 3 of 10 horses, of which 2 also had additional lasertherapy/cryotherapy. Seven of 10 cases showed tumor infiltration in the anterior-mid stroma, 3/10 in the mid-deep stroma. The anterior epithelium had no contact with the CSI-SCC in 8 of 10 cases, 7 of 10 had intact and normal epithelium, and 3 of 10 showed intact, dysplastic corneal and conjunctival epithelium. The limbus was not pigmented in 8 of 10 specimens. There was a mild-moderate lymphoplasmacytic inflammation between the neoplastic islands. Solar elastosis was present in 2 of 10 samples. Conclusion The CSI-SCC shows a distinctive intrastromal tumor growth pattern with a smooth, intact corneal epithelium. The tumor can be underestimated and misdiagnosed as chronic active stromal keratitis. A deep biopsy is necessary for the definitive diagnosis.
Effect of Elastic Anisotropy and Inhomogeneity on Coring Structure Evolution in Pu-Ga Alloys – Phase-field modeling

A coring structure in which δ (fcc) grains have Ga-rich cores with Ga-poor shells forms during the \(\varepsilon\) (bcc) to δ (fcc) phase transformations in Pu-Ga alloys. There are considerable differences between the diffusivities of Ga in \(\varepsilon\) and δ and a large and anisotropic stress field exists in the coring structure due to the large lattice mismatch between these two phases and strong elastic anisotropy. We developed a phase-field model for simulating the coring structure evolution in three dimensions, taking into account the inhomogeneities of both Ga diffusivity and elastic properties. It is shown that the elastic interactions among different oriented δ grains and diffusive Ga atoms affect Ga diffusion path, the coring structure, and the growth kinetics of the δ phase.
A PROCESSOR EFFICIENT CONNECTIVITY ALGORITHM ON RANDOM GRAPHS

In this paper we present a randomized parallel algorithm for finding the connected components of a random input graph with n vertices in which the edges are chosen with probability p such that . The algorithm has O(log2 n) expected time using only O(n) processors on the EREW PRAM model. The probability that the output of our algorithm is correct is at least 1–0.6k, where k is a constant.
Stem cell transplants may HALT multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects over 2 million patients worldwide. The early stages of the disease are typified by relapsing-remitting phases of active central nervous system inflammation. This inflammation causes profound damage to the central nervous system, ultimately resulting in a secondary progressive phase accompanied by permanent disability. Frontline therapies currently include 10 anti-inflammatory drugs, many of which suppress measurable disease activity short-term. However, 60 to 80% of patients experience breakthrough disease after 2 years. Nash et al. report the 3-year interim results of a 5-year clinical trial designed to “reset” the patient’s own immune system using myeloablative high-dose immunosuppressive therapy combined with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. This clinical trial, “Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsing-Remitting MS (HALT-MS),” enrolled MS patients in the early relapsing-remitting phase but who had demonstrated previous failure of frontline therapies to suppress active disease. CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells were mobilized and collected from peripheral blood. Twenty-four patients then underwent myeloablative high-dose immunosuppressive therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation—a procedure most typically used to treat hematopoietic malignancies. The authors’ major finding was that nearly 80% of patients were free of detectable disease activity after 3 years. Importantly, deep sequencing of the CD4+ T cell receptor repertoire revealed that the treatment resulted in a “reset” of T cell diversity in the patient’s immune system, potentially abrogating the autoimmune component of the disease. The 3-year interim results of this clinical trial suggest that high-dose immunosuppressive therapy combined with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation may provide an effective treatment option for select MS patients who have failed conventional therapy. It remains unclear if these short-term results will extrapolate to long-term remission of disease activity. Moreover, this treatment regimen carries risk of severe adverse events including death. Time will tell whether the long-term benefits of this therapy outweigh the risks for MS patients. R. Nash et al. , High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (HALT-MS): A 3-year interim report. JAMA Neurol . 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3780 (2014). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://archneur.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2084840
Cautious Commemoration: Localism, Communalism, and Nationalism in Palestinian Memorial Monuments in Israel

In March 1998, the political leadership of the Arab-Palestinian citizens of Israel was looking for ways to commemorate al-Nakba (“The Disaster,” in Arabic), referring to the war of 1948, during which about 700,000 Palestinians were uprooted and hundreds of Palestinian villages were destroyed. This leadership, organized in the Follow-Up Committee (FUC), nominated a Nakba and Steadfastness Committee (NSC) chaired by the author Muhamad Ali Taha. Among the Committee's several initiatives, one gained front-page headlines in the Arabic media: a call for Arab municipalities to establish memorial monuments for the Palestinian martyrs (shuhada) of 1948.
Carbamazepine-Induced Hyponatremia: Assessment of Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo report a case of carbamazepine-induced acute hyponatremia resulting in seizures.CASE SUMMARYA 44-year-old white woman developed acute hyponatremia and 2 subsequent tonic–clonic seizures after ingesting twice her evening dose of carbamazepine (usual evening dose 600 mg). On admission, her serum sodium level was 122 mEq/L. An infusion of NaCl 0.9% was begun and, within 24 hours, the serum sodium level had returned to her previous level of 136 mEq/L. The woman's preadmission carbamazepine concentration was 8.6 μg/mL, and it was 11.3 μg/mL on admission. Carbamazepine was withheld and, the following day, the concentration was 5.6 μg/mL. The woman had experienced a similar event 6 months earlier when she also took a large dose of carbamazepine.DISCUSSIONWe attributed the acute hyponatremia and seizures to the large increase in dose of carbamazepine in the presence of other risk factors for hyponatremia. Hyponatremia associated with carbamazepine has been well described. The incidence ranges from 1.8...
ORACLE a tool for learning compiler writing

This paper describes a compiler called ORACLE which allows a student to examine the actions performed by a simple compiler. Two features are provided to assist the student. The first called replacement mode, provides the necessary conditions to simulate the replacement of three compiler components: symbol table management, lexical analysis, and syntax analysis. Each replacement module is monitored by ORACLE in order to detect errors and to verify correct operation. The second, a trace option, permits source statements to initiate or terminate a selective monitoring of the actions of the compiler.
Flat Mount Preparation for Observation and Analysis of Zebrafish Embryo Specimens Stained by Whole Mount In situ Hybridization

The zebrafish embryo is now commonly used for basic and biomedical research to investigate the genetic control of developmental processes and to model congenital abnormalities. During the first day of life, the zebrafish embryo progresses through many developmental stages including fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, segmentation, and the organogenesis of structures such as the kidney, heart, and central nervous system. The anatomy of a young zebrafish embryo presents several challenges for the visualization and analysis of the tissues involved in many of these events because the embryo develops in association with a round yolk mass. Thus, for accurate analysis and imaging of experimental phenotypes in fixed embryonic specimens between the tailbud and 20 somite stage (10 and 19 hours post fertilization (hpf), respectively), such as those stained using whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH), it is often desirable to remove the embryo from the yolk ball and to position it flat on a glass slide. However, performing a flat mount procedure can be tedious. Therefore, successful and efficient flat mount preparation is greatly facilitated through the visual demonstration of the dissection technique, and also helped by using reagents that assist in optimal tissue handling. Here, we provide our WISH protocol for one or two-color detection of gene expression in the zebrafish embryo, and demonstrate how the flat mounting procedure can be performed on this example of a stained fixed specimen. This flat mounting protocol is broadly applicable to the study of many embryonic structures that emerge during early zebrafish development, and can be implemented in conjunction with other staining methods performed on fixed embryo samples.
Child Attributes as Determinants of Parental Television-Viewing Mediation The Role of Child Giftedness

This study investigated intellectual giftedness in relation to parents' mediation of the television/child relationship. A total of 364 children and their parents compose the sample. Findings suggest that intellectual giftedness and, to a lesser degree, the quantity of children's television consumption influence parents' perceptions of the possible impact of television on their children and the type of mediation strategies they employ.
Robust pseudo feedback estimation and HMM passage extraction: UIUC at TREC 2006 genomics track

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)participated in TREC 2006 Genomics Track. Our focus thisyear was to apply two language modeling techniques forinformation retrieval that have been proposed recently byour group [4, 1]. These two techniques have been shown tobe effective for general English text. It is not clear, though,how they perform on text in special domains such as thebiomedical domain. We therefore tested their effectivenessfor this year’s genomics task.First, we tried to improve the pseudo relevance feed-back mechanism in the retrieval model by applying a re-cently proposed regularized estimation method [4]. In theKL-divergence retrieval framework, pseudo relevance feed-back documents can be used to better estimate the querymodel [5]. While in the original proposed method [5], thisestimation involved two parameters that need to be empiri-cally set, recent work showed that a more robust, regular-ized estimation method that involves less parameter tun-ing can be effective [4]. We therefore applied this esti-mation method to this year’s genomics task to see whetherit can improve the pseudo relevance feedback mechanismin biomedical information retrieval as well. Second, sincethis year’s task is deﬁned as passage retrieval rather thandocument retrieval, a challenge is how to extract coherentand relevant passages from whole documents. Previously,we proposed a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based pas-sage extraction method that was shown to be effective inthe general English domain [1]. We applied this method tothis year’s genomics task to see whether this method is alsoeffective for biomedical text.Besides the two language modeling techniques, we alsotested the use of user relevance feedback for retrieval, tosee how much human interaction can help improve the per-formance. We obtained some manual judgments from twodomain experts, and used them in the two interactive runs.Our experiment results showed that the regularized es-timation method for pseudo relevance feedback performedsimilarly to the original estimation method when both meth-ods were under the optimal parameter setting, and outper-formed the original estimation method when both methodswere under the default parameter setting. Because in realitywe do not know the optimal parameter setting, the regular-ized estimation method is thus more robust than the originalestimation method. Our experiment results also showed thatthe HMM-based passage extraction method outperformed abaseline method that returns whole paragraphs as passages.However, our HMM-based passage extraction method tendsto return relatively long and coherent passages, which maynot be optimal for the genomics task this year, because inthis task the information need is more speciﬁc. Finally, ourexperiment results showed that user relevance feedback wasvery effective, as we expected.
Structure-Activity Relationships for the Induction of Differentiation of HL-60 Human Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells by Anthracyclines

Marcellomycin, a newly developed anthracycline antibiotic with antineoplastic activity, was tested as an inducer of differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 in vitro . The percentage of cells reducing nitro blue tetrazolium, an indication of a stimulus-induced respiratory burst typical of mature phagocytes, was used as a functional measure of the extent of differentiation. Marcellomycin was a potent inducer of maturation, with 95% of the cells expressing a terminally differentiated state after 10 days of exposure to a concentration of 40 nm anthracycline. Cells exposed to marcellomycin exhibited a 35-fold increase in their total superoxide anion-generating capacity, an 80% increase in acid phosphatase activity, and a loss of myeloperoxidase and chloroacetate esterase activities. In addition, marcellomycin-treated cells stained negatively for α-naphthyl acetate esterase. These findings provided evidence for the granulocytic nature of the mature cells. In contrast, marcellomycin was not an effective inducer of differentiation of Friend murine erythroleukemia cells. Studies on the relationship between structure and the ability to induce differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells demonstrated that removal from the marcellomycin molecule of the terminal 2-deoxyfucose (musettamycin) or its substitution by cinerulose (aclacinomycin A) did not alter differentiation-inducing capacity. However, removal of the carbomethoxy group from the C-10 position of marcellomycin substantially reduced its potency as an initiator of maturation, and removal of the two terminal 2-deoxyfucose moieties (pyrromycin) decreased both potency and the maximal percentage of differentiated cells produced in the population. The monosaccharide anthracyclines Adriamycin and carminomycin were completely inactive as inducers of HL-60 leukemia cell maturation. The results suggest that certain anthracyclines would be reasonable candidate drugs to use in a clinical trial aimed at reducing the leukemic stem cell burden through maturation rather than through cytodestruction.
Gait quality evaluation method for post-stroke patients

Proliferation of low-cost nonintrusive wearable sensors enables researchers to explore capabilities in monitoring physiological parameters remotely expanding healthcare delivery and reducing costs. One of the parameters that is known to be important in rehabilitation and exercise physiology is human motion monitoring, such as analysis of the walking gait and corresponding characteristics. This paper presents a robust on-line methodology for computing clinically relevant metrics for assessing quality of the walking gait in normal subjects and subjects with gait abnormalities, e.g. in patients with stroke. Furthermore, this paper proposes a metric vector that enables characterization of spatiotemporal features of walking quality evolution for post-stroke patients during and after rehabilitation. This method enables visualization of the gait improvement or changes as a result of the rehabilitation or other treatment techniques.
Image based portable wear debris analysis tool

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the development of an image processing-based portable equipment for an automatic wear debris analysis. It can analyze both the qualitative and quantitative features of machine wear debris: size, quantity, size distribution, shape, surface texture and material composition via color. Design/methodology/approach – It comprises hardware and software components which can take debris in near real-time from a machine oil sump and process it for features diagnosis. This processing provides the information of the basic features on the user screen which can further be used for machine component health diagnosis. Findings – The developed system has the capacity to replace the existing off-line methods due to its cost effectiveness and simplicity in operation. The system is able to analyze debris basic quantitative and qualitative features greater than 50 micron and less than 300 micron. Originality/value – Wear debris basic features analysis tool is developed and discus...
Expressions as Values

Sick of philosophical debates deteriorating into shouting matches, the philosopher- mathematician Gottfried Leibniz (1646–1716) wondered why philosophy couldn’t be more objective, like science and mathematics. He then hit upon an idea that would inspire thinkers for centuries to follow: What if philosophical propositions could be proved or refuted by procedures that manipulated them as pure symbolic data: If we had it we should be able to reason in metaphysics and morals in much the same way as geometry and analysis. If controversies were to arise, there would be no more need of disputation between two philosophers than between two accountants. For it would suffice to take their pencils in their hands, to sit down to their slates, and to say to each other (with a friend as witness, if they liked): Let us calculate. This was an early articulation of the expressions-as-data idea. It eventually led to mathematical logic, stored program computers, artificial intelegence, and meta-programming.