cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of large boson systems with attractive interaction and a derivation of the cubic focusing NLS equation in R3

We consider a system of N bosons where the particles experience a short-range two-body interaction given by N−1vN(x) = N3β−1v(Nβx), where v∈Cc∞(R3), without a definite sign on v. We extend the results of Grillakis and Machedon [Commun. Math. Phys. 324(2), 601–636 (2013)] and Kuz [Differ. Integral Equations 30(7/8), 587–630 (2017)] regarding the second-order correction to the mean-field evolution of systems with repulsive interaction to systems with attractive interaction for 0<β<12. Our extension allows for a more general set of initial data, which includes coherent states. We also provide both a derivation of the focusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation in 3D from the many-body system and its rate of convergence toward mean-field for 0<β<13.
Socio-Economic Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the U.S

This paper proposes a dynamic cascade model to investigate the systemic risk posed by sector-level industries within the U.S. inter-industry network. We then use this model to study the effect of the disruptions presented by Covid-19 on the U.S. economy. We construct a weighted digraph G = (V,E,W) using the industry-by-industry total requirements table for 2018, provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). We impose an initial shock that disrupts the production capacity of one or more industries, and we calculate the propagation of production shortages with a modified Cobb-Douglas production function. For the Covid-19 case, we model the initial shock based on the loss of labor between March and April 2020 as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The industries within the network are assigned a resilience that determines the ability of an industry to absorb input losses, such that if the rate of input loss exceeds the resilience, the industry fails, and its outputs go to zero. We observed a critical resilience, such that, below this critical value, the network experienced a catastrophic cascade resulting in total network collapse. Lastly, we model the economic recovery from June 2020 through March 2021 using BLS data.
Atraumatic presentation of compartment syndrome with post-intervention systemic inflammatory response and complex regional pain syndrome: A case report

Abstract Background/Purpose Compartment syndrome is a well-known surgical emergency within the scope of Podiatry. However, cases can be atraumatic and present without the traditional findings of pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulselessness, paralysis, and poikilothermia. Thus, posing a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians, leading to delayed surgical intervention and poor outcomes. We report a rare case of acute exertional compartment syndrome and include a discussion on current literature to increase awareness of atypical presentations of compartment syndrome. Methods/Results A 27-year-old healthy female with no significant past medical history was treated for intractable right foot pain following an extended period of marching. Physical examination was remarkable for non-palpable pedal pulses, pain out of proportion, extensive soft tissue edema, and a warm-to-cold temperature gradient of the extremity. The diagnosis of compartment syndrome was confirmed via catheter evaluation of compartmental pressures. Emergent fasciotomy of the right foot was performed, and delayed primary closure was performed six days later. After discharge from the hospital, the patient was inconsistent in follow up visits. Later repeat imaging of the right foot revealed stress fractures and nondisplaced fractures throughout the tarsometatarsal region. At her most recent visit, the patient complained of persistent paresthesias, skin discoloration, and pain to the right foot for which she is receiving symptomatic management for. Conclusion Diagnosis in this patient was likely delayed due to strict adherence to a post-traumatic model of compartment syndrome. Broadening awareness to the variable presentations of compartment syndrome is an important step to improve patient outcomes.
Optimization Methods and Implementation Science: An Opportunity for Behavioral and Biobehavioral Interventions:

This editorial introduces the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), a principled framework for the development, optimization and evaluation of multicomponent interventions, to the field of imple...
LoRaWAN Testing for Military Communications in Urban Environments

The LoRaWAN communication protocol has gained significant adoption within commercial IoT systems through support for low power, long range transmission. LoRaWAN’s growing usage in cities and civilian infrastructure has prompted investigation into its potential usage within military systems for supporting urban operations, involving expanded research on LoRa signal coverage in the presence of urban infrastructure. Through the use of a supporting Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) IoT architecture, a set of experiments were conducted in New York City aimed at testing LoRa signal coverage in both indoor and outdoor settings. Performance was compared for different transmission configurations on the North American Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) 915 MHz band. This work is seen as a key step to better understand the suitability and applicability of civilian IoT communication protocols to augment and enhance tactical C2 systems for urban operations.
Consumer Welfare Consequences of Exchanges of Cost Information

We show that exchanges of cost information in models with entry may benefit consumers in a wide range of market structures, including multimarket models with independently distributed costs and duopolies. These results contrast with previous findings in models without entry.
Benign Cutaneous Mixed Tumor with Combined Folliculosebaceous and Eccrine Differentiation

Cutaneous adnexal tumors manifesting divergent differentiation are a rare but recognized subset of adnexal neoplasms. We present a 42-year-old woman with a cystic tumor of the skin above the left eyebrow. A biopsy revealed a tumor comprising eccrine tubules lined by a single row of columnar epithelium surrounded by a peripheral small cuboidal layer and containing, adhered to the internal cuticle, mucin-like material. In some areas, the eccrine tubules were associated with sheets of small plasmacytoid myoepithelial cells embedded in a chondroid matrix. Elsewhere, there were cysts containing central keratinous debris associated with a peripheral basaloid epithelial proliferation showing the formation of buds mimicking abortive hair follicle structures. No polarizable terminal or vellus hairs were seen. These two elements were geographically separate in the biopsy but collided in the center of the tissue element. A diagnosis of benign cutaneous mixed tumor with combined folliculosebaceous and eccrine differentiation was rendered. Such tumors present a diagnostic challenge and are frequently confused with neoplasms including the benign mixed tumor (chondroid syringoma) and a variety of eccrine and folliculosebaceous neoplasms and harmatomata. This case illustrates the potential multilineage differentiation of pluripoential germinative cells of the cutaneous adnexae.
Isoelectric focusing of interacting systems. I. Carrier ampholyte-induced macromolecular isomerization.

Abstract A phenomenological theory of isoelectric focusing is formulated for rapidly reversible, ampholyte-induced macromolecular isomerization. The calculations reveal that such interactions can give well resolved, bimodal transient and equilibrium isoelectric focusing patterns in which the two peaks correspond to different chemical equilibrium compositions and not to separated isomers.The kinetics of approach to the equilibrium pattern are characteristically biphasic: During the first phase, Which is controlled by the rate of migration of the isomers in the electric field, two peaks are positioned in the region between the isoelectric points of the two isomers; one of the peaks then grows slowly at the expense of the other with a diffusion-dominated rate. The Kinetics are dependent upon the initial distribution of macromolecule in the isoelectric focusing column, and in certain cases only a single peak is apparent during the first phase. These findings have practical implications for unambiguous interpretation of isoelectric focusing patterns, furnish explanations for hitherto puzzling experimental observations, and provide theoretical insights required for application of isoelectric focusing to the detection and characterization of macromolecular interactions in general.
Identification of dynamic nonlinear systems using artificial neural networks incorporating a priori knowledge

A prescriptive technique is developed that sets or constrains the weights of a particular layer, designated the gray layer, according to a known or partially known function that is related in some manner to the system of interest. An algorithm is derived for backpropagating the error and updating adjustable parameters within a general gray layer that is consistent with existing learning techniques. As a practical application, gray layer technology is applied to the identification of switched reluctance motor characteristics on the basis of experimental measurements. The results demonstrate that artificial neural networks using gray layers converge faster, require fewer adjustable weights, and more accurately predict the unknown system. As a further illustration, a gray layer is applied to the identification of two differential partially known dynamic systems. Results exhibit a significant improvement in the quality of the identification model and an increase in the rate of convergence. >
PARAMETRIC RANKED SET SAMPLING

Ranked set sampling was introduced by McIntyre (1952,Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,3, 385–390) as a cost-effective method of selecting data if observations are much more cheaply ranked than measured. He proposed its use for estimating the population mean when the distribution of the data was unknown. In this paper, we examine the advantage, if any, that this method of sampling has if the distribution is known, for a specific family of distributions. Specifically, we consider estimation of μ and σ for the family of random variables with cdf's of the formF(x−μ/σ). We find that the ranked set sample does provide more information about both μ and σ than a random sample of the same number of observations. We examine both maximum likelihood and best linear unbiased estimation of μ and σ, as well as methods for modifying the ranked set sampling procedure to provide even better estimation.
Helix packing in the C-terminal half of lactose permease

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the helix packing in the C-terminal half of lactose permease. The lac permease of E. coli is providing a paradigm for secondary active transporters that transduce the free energy stored in electrochemical ion gradients into work in the form of a concentration gradient. This hydrophobic, polytopic, cytoplasmic membrane protein catalyzes the coupled, stoichiometric translocation of β-galactosides and H+, and it has been solubilized, purified, reconstituted into artificial phospholipid vesicles and shown to be solely responsible for β-galactoside transport. The lac Y gene that encodes the permease has been cloned and sequenced. Based on spectroscopic analyses of the purified protein and hydropathy profiling of its amino acid sequence, a secondary structure has been proposed in which the protein has 12 transmembrane domains in α-helix configuration that traverse the membrane in zigzag fashion connected by hydrophilic loops with the N and C termini on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. Unequivocal support for the topological predictions of the 12-helix model has been obtained by analyzing a large number of lac permease–alkaline phosphatase (lacY.phoA) fusions. Secondsite suppressor analysis and application of site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification to a functional permease devoid of Cys residues (C-less permease) have provided evidence that helix VII is probably close to helices X and XI in the tertiary structure of the permease.
The relationship between years of cocaine use and brain activation to cocaine and response inhibition cues

Aims Functional magnetic resonance imaging research has attempted to elucidate the neurobehavioral underpinnings of cocaine dependence by evaluating differences in brain activation to cocaine and response inhibition cues between cocaine-dependent individuals and controls. This study investigated associations between task-related brain activation and cocaine use characteristics. Design Cross-sectional. Setting The Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Medical University of South Carolina, USA. Participants Fifty-one cocaine users (41 dependent). Measurements Brain activation to cocaine-cue exposure and Go No-Go tasks in six a priori selected brain regions of interest and cocaine use characteristics (i.e. cocaine dependence status, years of cocaine use, cocaine use in the past 90 days) assessed via standardized interviews. Findings Participants demonstrated elevated activation to cocaine (bilateral ventral striatum, dorsal caudate, amygdala) and response inhibition (bilateral anterior cingulate, insula, inferior frontal gyrus) cues in all hypothesized brain regions. Years of cocaine use was associated with task-related brain activation, with more years of cocaine use associated with greater activation to cocaine cues in right (F = 7.97, P = 0.01) and left (F = 5.47, P = 0.02) ventral striatum and greater activation to response inhibition cues in left insula (F = 5.10, P = 0.03) and inferior frontal gyrus (F = 4.12, P = 0.05) controlling for age, cocaine dependence status and cocaine use in the past 90 days. Conclusions Years of cocaine use may be more centrally related to cocaine cue and response inhibition brain activation than cocaine dependence diagnosis or amount of recent use.
Whey and lactose fermentation.

Previous chapters in this book have provided the necessary information required to define what whey is and what the compositional characteristics of this by-product are. Furthermore, it has also been shown that proteins can be isolated from this process ‘waste’ stream by methods that vary in their degree of sophistication. While these reviews delineate many successes, the problem of whey disposal is essentially one of lactose disposal, i.e. if the major constitutent of the dry matter in whey (lactose) can be converted or degraded, there will be no ‘whey problem’ on this earth. Coton (1979) reported that a total of 3 465 000 t of lactose was available from cheese manufacture in 1977 in the world. Of this, Western Europe generated 1 455 000 t (42%), Eastern Europe 931 000 t (26.9%), North America 822000 t (23.7%), South America 122, 000 t (3.5%), Australia 75 000 t (2.2%), and 60 000 t (1.7%) was attributed to other countries. No statistics are available for the utilization of lactose either by country or by end-use. Therefore the statistics are best guess or theoretical yields of available lactose. Zadow (1984) points out that the global market for lactose is inelastic and therefore increased production of lactose would result in a drastic decrease in prices. This economic reason serves as the justification for seeking alternative uses for lactose. It has also been suggested that two terms, ‘deproteinized whey’ and ‘permeate’, currently used interchangeably
Verbal communication among Alzheimer's disease patients, their caregivers, and primary care physicians during primary care office visits

Abstract Objective Primary care visits of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) often involve communication among patients, family caregivers, and primary care physicians (PCPs). The objective of this study was to understand the nature of each individual's verbal participation in these triadic interactions. Methods To define the verbal communication dynamics of AD care triads, we compared verbal participation (percent of total visit speech) by each participant in patient/caregiver/PCP triads. Twenty-three triads were audio taped during a routine primary care visit. Rates of verbal participation were described and effects of patient cognitive status (MMSE score, verbal fluency) on verbal participation were assessed. Results PCP verbal participation was highest at 53% of total visit speech, followed by caregivers (31%) and patients (16%). Patient cognitive measures were related to patient and caregiver verbal participation, but not to PCP participation. Caregiver satisfaction with interpersonal treatment by PCP was positively related to caregiver's own verbal participation. Conclusion Caregivers of AD patients and PCPs maintain active, coordinated verbal participation in primary care visits while patients participate less. Practice implications Encouraging verbal participation by AD patients and their caregivers may increase the AD patient's active role and caregiver satisfaction with primary care visits.
Movie-Inspired Violence:

A compilation of 58 incidents of alleged movie-inspired violence from 1970 through 1982 produced findings dominated by male victims, handguns, and one particular movie, The Deer Hunter. The need to...
New strategies in union organizing

The AFL-CIO has called for new and more effective approaches in organizing. This paper reviews the classical organizing model and then identifies four strategic approaches to organizing that have been developed or re-emphasized in recent years including the corporate power strategy, the collective bargaining strategy, community acceptance and integration strategy, and the coordinated/pooled resource strategy. Factors affecting the use and success of these strategies are discussed. It is concluded that while some have promise, their limited use and mixed outcomes will probably minimize their significance in union organizing during the 1980’s.
Methodological Challenges in Research on Sexual Risk Behavior: II. Accuracy of Self-Reports

Assessing sexual behavior with self-report is essential to research on a variety of health topics, including pregnancy and infertility, sexually transmitted infections, and sexual health and functioning. Recent methodological research has provided new insights regarding the accuracy of self-reports of sexual behavior. We review these studies, paying particular attention to a promising new development: the use of computer-assisted assessments. The collection of sexual risk behavior data with computers has increased dramatically in recent years, but little is known about the accuracy of such assessments. We summarize the evidence, discuss methodological issues that arise in studies evaluating the accuracy of self-reports, and offer recommendations for future research.
Reliability of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Form Y in Japanese Samples:

The internal consistency of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Form Y was examined using data collected from Japanese participants by five diverse surveys, in which one included American university students. Cronbach coefficient alpha was calculated separately for state and trait items as well as for anxiety-present and absent items. The internal consistency was higher for the anxiety-absent items than those of the state and trait anxiety items, but this tendency was not clear for the anxiety-present items. The trait anxiety items showed the lowest internal consistency for all Japanese groups, whereas the anxiety-present items showed the lowest alpha for American university students. It can be considered that this difference might induce the difference in two--factor structure between Japanese and people in Western countries.
Squire’s Quest!: Dietary outcome evaluation of a multimedia game

Servings of fruit, 100% juice, and vegetables consumed. Intervention: Squire’s Quest! is a ten-session, psychoeducational, multimedia game delivered over 5 weeks, with each session lasting about 25 minutes. Based on social cognitive theory, educational activities attempted to increase preferences for FJV through multiple exposures and associating fun with their consumption, increase asking behaviors for FJV at home and while eating out, and increase skills in FJV preparation through making virtual recipes. Measures: Four days of dietary intake were assessed before and after the intervention. Assessment was made by the Food Intake Recording Software System (FIRSSt), which conducts a multiple pass, 24-hour dietary intake interview directly with the children. Results: Children participating in Squire’s Quest! increased their FJV consumption by 1.0 servings more than the children not receiving the program.
INDUCTION BY HUMAN INTERFERON AND MURINE H-2L(D) GENE OF THE SURFACE EXPRESSION OF ENDOGENOUS HLA CLASS-I FREE HEAVY-CHAINS IN HCT HUMAN COLON-CARCINOMA CELLS, DEFICIENT IN BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN

The colon cancer cell line HCT fails to express HLA class I antigens on the cell surface as a consequence of two independent mutations occurring in both copies of the beta2-microglobulin (beta2-mu) gene. Restoration of HLA class I antigen expression in HCT cells transfected with the wild-type human beta2-mu gene is accompanied by the expression of beta2-mu-free HLA class I heavy chains on the cell surface. HCT cells expressing a transfected H-2L(d) gene (HCT-L(d) transfectants) exhibited high levels of H-2L(d) heavy chains on the cell surface, following treatment with human interferon a (IFN-alpha). IFN-treated HCT-L(d) transfectants also expressed high levels of endogenous beta2-g-free HLA class I heavy chains on the cell surface. Incubation of HCT-L(d) transfectants at 26-degrees-C for 24 hours is associated with a striking increase in the surface expression of H-2L(d) heavy chains (comparable to that observed at 37-degrees-C in the presence of IFN), without a concomitant increase in the surface expression of beta2-mu-free HLA class I heavy chains, suggesting that IFN and low temperature act by different mechanisms. These results also indicate that human IFN and H-2L(d) heavy chain can act synergistically in inducing the surface expression of endogenous beta2-mu-free HLA class I heavy chains by HCT cells. The combination of 26-degrees-C incubation and IFN treatment results in the surface expression of beta2-mu-free HLA class I heavy chains in HCT-neo transfectants, suggesting that IFN plays a crucial role in allowing the surface expression of endogenous HLA class I heavy chains in beta2-mu-negative HCT cells.
Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions with delays.

Gillespie’s exact stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) [J. Phys. Chem. 81, 2350 (1977)] has been widely used to simulate the stochastic dynamics of chemically reacting systems. In this algorithm, it is assumed that all reactions occur instantly. While this is true in many cases, it is also possible that some chemical reactions, such as gene transcription and translation in living cells, take certain time to finish after they are initiated. Thus, the product of such reactions will emerge after certain delays. Apparently, Gillespie’s SSA is not an exact algorithm for chemical reaction systems with delays. In this paper, the author develops an exact SSA for chemical reaction systems with delays, based upon the same fundamental premise of stochastic kinetics used by Gillespie in the development of his SSA. He then shows that an algorithm modified from Gillespie’s SSA by Barrio et al. [PLOS Comput. Biol. 2, 1017 (2006)] is also an exact SSA for chemical reaction systems with delays, but it needs to generate more random variables than the author’s algorithm.
Geographic variation in life history of the sand crab, Emerita analoga (Stimpson) on the California coast: Relationships to environmental variables

Geographic variation and the influence of environmental factors on life history characteristics of populations of a sandy intertidal decapod, Emerita analoga, Stimpson, inhabiting beaches along 8° of latitude on the California coast in midsummer were investigated for 5 yr. Female size at maturity, largest and smallest ovigerous crab size, and largest male crab size, expressed as carapace lengths, increased from south to north and were 1.5 to 3 times greater in northern than in southern populations. The observed trends in life history were associated with environmental factors that varied on regional (water temperature) and local scales (food availability and physical characteristics related to beach morphodynamics) using simple and multiple linear regression analyses. Incorporating regionally and locally varying environmental factors into a multiple linear regression model provided a better predictor of life history characteristics than any single factor. In every year, the four life history characteristics were negatively correlated with surf zone water temperature, which varied regionally and was correlated with coastline distance. Female size at maturity and the largest and smallest ovigerous crab sizes were positively correlated with food availability, estimated by chlorophyll a concentration, which was not correlated with coastline distance. Life history characteristics were not correlated with any of the beach morphodynamic variables in simple regressions. Removal of variation associated with water temperature and chlorophyll a in multiple linear regression analyses yielded positive correlations between the sizes of the largest and smallest ovigerous crabs and the size of the largest male crab, and a beach characteristic, an index of sediment size and sorting, which was not correlated with coastline distance. Female size at maturity, largest and smallest ovigerous crab sizes and largest male crab size were correlated in each year, implying that these life history traits are influenced by similar mechanisms. Little interannual variation occurred in the geographic patterns observed in life history traits. Life history traits examined in our study were correlated between years, suggesting that interactions between settlement, growth, survival, and enviroment variables were relatively consistent during our study.
Parallel vision techniques on the hypercube computer

Parallel algorithms for programming low-level vision mechanisms on the JPL-Caltech hypercube are reported. These concern principally edge and region finding. 256x256 8bit images were used.We discuss the problem of programming a hypercube computer, and the Caltech approach to load balancing. We then discuss the distribution of images over the hypercube and the I/O problem for images.In edge finding, we programmed convolution using a separable kernel computational approach. This was tested with 5x5 and 32x32 masks.In region finding, we developed two different parallel histogram techniques. The first finds a global histogram for the image by a completely parallel technique. This method, which was developed from the Fox-Furmanski scalar product method, allows each histogram bucket to be computed by a separate processor, each processor regarding the hypercube as a different tree, and all buckets being computed in parallel by a complete interleaving of all communications required. Similarly the global histogram can then be distributed over the hypercube, so that all processors have the entire global histogram, by an completely parallel technique.The second histogramming method finds a spatially local histogram within each processor and then connects locally found regions together.Work in progress includes the application of a Hopfield neural net approach to region finding.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Allocation of Adolescent Leisure Time Activities

There is a growing recognition of the importance of the out-of-school activities in which adolescents choose to participate. Youth activities vary widely in terms of specific activities and in time devoted to them but can generally be grouped by the type and total duration spent per type. We collected leisure time information using a 17-item leisure time questionnaire in a large sample of same- and opposite-sex adolescent twin pairs (N = 2847). Using both univariate and multivariate genetic models, we sought to determine the type and magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on the allocation of time toward different leisure times. Results indicated that both genetic and shared and nonshared environmental influences were important contributors to individual differences in physical, social, intellectual, family, and passive activities such as watching television. The magnitude of these influences differed between males and females. Environmental influences were the primary factors contributing to the covariation of different leisure time activities. Our results suggest the importance of heritable influences on the allocation of leisure time activity by adolescents and highlight the importance of environmental experiences in these choices.
MR signal amplification for imaging of the mutant EGF receptor in orthotopic human glioma model.

Purpose To investigate the potential of targeted MR signal amplification strategy for imaging of EGF receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) overexpression associated with the infiltrating margin of aggressive orthotopic brain tumors.
Religion and Higher Education: Current Knowledge and Directions for Future Research

In light of increased scholarly and public discussion about the proper position of religion in higher education, we take stock of existing social scientific studies to illuminate what we know—and what we don’t know—about religion and higher education. We argue that research shows that college students are more religiously engaged than has traditionally been thought, but that this interest appears to be more broad than deep; that the college experience does not lead to apostasy in most students, though its effect on students’ religious engagements is still unclear; and that religion has a beneficial effect on some student outcomes, but not on others. We conclude by proposing three new directions for research that offer the potential to expand our understanding of the interaction of religion and higher education.
Electroporation therapy for head and neck cancer including carotid artery involvement.

Objectives Electroporation therapy with intralesional bleomycin (EPT) is a novel, technically simple outpatient technique in which high-voltage electric impulses delivered into a neoplasm transiently increase cell membrane permeability to large molecules, including cytotoxic agents, causing localized progressive necrosis. Unlike many laser ablation methods, EPT can treat bulky tumors (>2 cm) with complete penetration. Our recent publication confirms an excellent response rate in the use of EPT in a clinical trial. Study Design, Patients, and Methods Following our initial prospective study report in 1998, we have followed our entire initial cohort (10 patients) of patients with head and neck cancer beyond 24-months follow-up. Additionally, we have used this approach to treat four additional patients (total: 9 males/5 females) with upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma, including three with internal carotid artery (ICA) involvement up to or within the skull base. Two patients underwent preoperative balloon test occlusion with cerebral perfusion studies followed by carotid embolization. EPT was then done safely at least 2 weeks later to avoid the temporary hypercoagulable state. Results Within the overall cohort (14 patients) 6 patients had a complete response, 6 had a partial response, and 2 did not respond (overall 85.7% response rate). Both patients with ICA involvement had a partial or complete response to treatment; neither patient had a hemorrhagic or neurologic complication. Overall, 13 of the 14 patients were treated for persistent or recurrent head and neck cancer. Two of the four patients with early recurrent stage tumors had no evidence of recurrence after EPT with an average follow-up of 31.5 months. The overall early stage tumor group had four complete responders out of five (80%). On the contrary, only 2 of 9 patients with advanced recurrent stage tumors were disease-free at 18 months. Morbidity was low for early stage tumors, but higher for advanced tumors with complications, including poor wound healing, dysphagia, and osteomyelitis. There were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusion We found EPT to be safe and efficacious in patients with head and neck cancer, even with internal carotid artery involvement. Patients with early stage recurrences have the potential for prolonged survival beyond 2 years without the morbidity of surgery and radiation or toxicity of systemic chemotherapy. Because of its superb access qualities even for bulky tumors, EPT is a potential method of delivery for other tumoricidal agents such as in genetic-altering schemes.
Spectroscopic analysis of InAs quantum dot solar cells

The operation of solar cells incorporating multiple repeat units of InAs quantum dot structures, as well as those with and without δ-doping of 4 and 8 electrons per quantum dot, were studied. Room temperature measurements of these samples revealed high quality devices, but insignificant differences between δ-doped samples and undoped samples. An IR-pumped quantum efficiency measurement was performed at 6 K to probe the extraction of quantum confined carriers through a two-photon process while shutting off phonon-assisted extraction. No two-photon signal rose above the noise, but additional sub-bandgap illuminated IV curves revealed current generation in the quantum dot devices, suggesting the dominant carrier removal mechanism is through tunneling. Finally, dark-diode data was taken and fit to determine ideality factor as a function of temperature. Control devices had an overall larger ideality, while QD devices exhibited variations as a function of temperature, which were attributed to kinetic barriers in the first QD layers, as well as possible Auger recombination at very low temperature.
Dynamics of a two-channel Raman-coupled cavity-QED model.

We consider a \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type three-level atom interacting simultaneously with two quantized cavity fields and a classical field, all of different frequencies. The classical field is of constant amplitude and the quantized cavity fields are dynamical variables. The effective interactions are Raman type with the two cavity fields regarded as Stokes and anti-Stokes modes. The classical field acts as the pump-mode, so that both the pump--Stokes and the pump--anti-Stokes transitions are included. We present analytic expressions for the dressed states of the system in a general situation where the two channels have different coupling strengths. The dressed states are closely related to the two-mode squeezed number states. We find that two-mode squeezing and nontrivial phase correlation occur in the model. The effects of weak cavity damping are also discussed.
Forage yield precision, experimental design, and cultivar mean separation for alfalfa cultivar trials.

As alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars have become more numerous in recent years, the issue of precison of alfalfa forage yield determinations has become more important. The objective of this study was to develop a set of recommendations for improving the precision of alfalfa cultivar forage-yield estimates. Inferences were derived from 49 alfalfa cultivar trials conducted at 13 Wisconsin locations between 1984 and 1996. Although randomized complete block designs were sometimes effective, spatial analysis offers considerable potential for improved precision. Increasing the number of replicates was expected to be more effective than increasing plot size. Trial data should be discarded only when severe and irreversible biological or physical disturbances are present. If researchers feel the need to discard data or entire trials on the basis of low statistical precision as an additional criterion, the decision should be based on (i) nonsignificant F-tests for cultivars of all individual years and for the combined over-years analysis or (ii) an unusually high mean square error relative to the trial mean or range among cultivar means. Trial data should not be rejected based on the coefficient of variation (CV). Genotype x environment interactions followed patterns based largely on expectations of edaphic and climatic environmental differences. Inherent precision of alfalfa cultivar trials did not influence cultivar rankings per se.
Frequentist-Bayes Lack-of-Fit Tests Based on Laplace Approximations

Abstract The null hypothesis that all of a function's Fourier coefficients are 0 is tested in frequentist fashion using as test statistic a Laplace approximation to the posterior probability of the null hypothesis. Testing whether or not a regression function has a prescribed linear form is one application of such a test. In contrast to BIC, the Laplace approximation depends on prior probabilities, and hence allows the investigator to tailor the test to particular kinds of alternative regression functions. On the other hand, using diffuse priors produces new omnibus lack-of-fit statistics. The new omnibus test statistics are weighted sums of exponentiated squared (and normalized) Fourier coefficients, where the weights depend on prior probabilities. Exponentiation of the Fourier components leads to tests that can be exceptionally powerful against high frequency alternatives. Evidence to this effect is provided by a comprehensive simulation study, in which one new test that had good power at high frequenci...
Supplemental Feeding of Hybrid Sunfish Populations

Abstract When stocked at high densities in ponds and fed Purina Trout Chow, F1hybrids of male redear (Lepomis microlophus) X female green sunfish (L. cyanellus) used supplemental food poorly and growth was unsatisfactory. F1hybrids of male green sunfish X female bluegill (L. macrochirus) utilized supplemental food readily and produced populations that had high percentages of catchable fish at the end of the first year of feeding. Males of the latter hybrid grew at a significantly higher rate than did the females. Conversion values were comparable to those obtained in feeding channel catfish.
Chemotherapy in Patients with Anthracycline and Taxane-Pretreated Metastatic Breast Cancer: An Overview

Anthracyclines and taxanes are cytotoxic agents commonly used for treatment of breast cancer, including in adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and metastatic settings. Each drug class is associated with cumulative and potentially irreversible toxicity, including cardiomyopathy (anthracyclines) and neuropathy (taxanes). This may either limit the duration of therapy for advanced disease, or prevent retreatment for recurrence if previously used as component of adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. Several classes of cytotoxic agent have been evaluated in patients with anthracycline and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer (MBC), including other antitubulins (vinorelbine, ixabepilone, eribulin), antimetabolites (capecitabine, gemcitabine), topoisomerase I inhibitors (irinotecan), platinum analogues (cisplatin, carboplatin), and liposomal doxorubicin preparations. No trials have shown an overall survival advantage for combination chemotherapy in this setting, indicating that single cytotoxic agents should usually be used, expect perhaps for patients with rapidly progressive disease and/or high tumor burden.
Ion sources for accelerators in materials research

Abstract Reviews are presented of the principal sources that are presently being utilized or can be potentially used for materials science applications, with particular emphasis placed on recent improvements to existing sources and new source developments that show promise for such applications. Specifically, status reports will be given on a number of state-of-the-art positive and negative ion sources routinely used for many materials research applications, including implantation, ion beam deposition, isotope separation, modification of surface properties, ion beam lithography, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), and proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE).
Toward Transcendence: A Creative Process of Performative Writing

This essay explores the process and product of creative/performative writing. The author explains aspects of how the creative process works for her, what it can produce in terms of a finished autoethnographic document, and how the process can lead to transcendence. She uses a variety of scholarly voices to discuss the ways in which performative writing relates to Heidegger's discussion of building, dwelling, and thinking.
Should dispatchers instruct lay bystanders to undress patients before performing CPR? A randomized simulation study.

Abstract Objective Dispatch-assisted CPR instructions frequently direct bystanders to remove a cardiac arrest patient's clothing prior to starting chest compressions. Removing clothing may delay compressions and it is uncertain whether CPR quality is influenced by the presence of clothing. We measured how instructions to remove clothing impacted the time to compressions and CPR performance by lay responders in a simulated arrest. Subjects and methods We conducted a randomized dispatch-assisted CPR simulation trial. Fifty two lay participants were instructed to remove the manikin's clothing (3 layers: a t-shirt, button-down shirt, and fleece vest) prior to starting chest compressions as part of dispatcher instructions, while 47 individuals received no instruction about clothing removal. Instructions were otherwise identical. Results The two groups were comparable with regard to demographic characteristics and prior CPR training. Time to first compression was 109s among the group randomized to instruction to remove clothing and 79s among those randomized to forgo instruction regarding clothing removal, ( p p >0.05 for each CPR metric comparison). Conclusion These findings suggest that eliminating instruction to remove a victim's clothing in dispatcher-assisted CPR will save time without compromising performance, which may improve survival from cardiac arrest.
Compact dual field of view SWIR/MWIR optical system

This paper discusses the design and development of a dual field of view, all-refractive infrared optical system that images the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) light in one field of view and the short wave infrared (SWIR) light in the narrower second field of view onto the same detector. The narrow field of view images the SWIR radiation at a slow f/number of 10.0, while the wide field of view images the MWIR radiation at f/1.9. The field of view is changed via a single lens that changes its axial position within the lens, resulting in an axial zoom and an overall magnification change of 6X. The change in focal length and f/number at the same time enables an increased focal length without having to increase the aperture size by the ratio of the focal length change. The large field of view change is achieved by both the motion of the lens, and the use of the spectral properties of the materials that change with wavelength. The change in spectral bands is accomplished via the use of a spectral filter wheel.
A comparison of single- and multi-payer health insurance systems and options for reform

A major choice confronting many countries is between single-payer and multi-payer health insurance systems. This paper compares single-payer models in the areas of revenue collection, risk pooling, purchasing, and social solidarity. Single-payer and multi-payer systems each have advantages which may meet countries' priorities for their health insurance system. Single-payer systems are usually financed more progressively, and rely on existing taxation systems; they effectively distribute risks throughout one large risk pool; and they offer governments a high degree of control over the total expenditure on health. Multi-payer systems sacrifice this control for a greater ability to meet the diverse preferences of beneficiaries. Several major reforms of single-payer insurance systems--expansion of the role of private insurance and transformation to a multi-payer system--are then described and illustrated using specific country examples. These reforms have been implemented with some success in several countries but face several important challenges.
A review of enterprise agility: Concepts, frameworks, and attributes

Existing knowledge about agile manufacturing (AM) and an agile workforce was reviewed in order to extend the concept of agility to the whole enterprise. The frameworks that describe other elements of the enterprise besides manufacturing, or contain attributes that could be applied to all enterprise structures were also included into the review. The review identified a large number of papers related to the AM. However, there was little empirical research done on the agile workforce and agile organization. This review identified the global characteristics of agility which can be applied to all aspects of enterprise: flexibility, responsiveness, speed, culture of change, integration and low complexity, high quality and customized products, and mobilization of core competencies. The need for further research in order to empirically establish and validate the attributes and indices of the agile workforce and agile enterprise has also been discussed.
Augmented prenatal auditory stimulation alters postnatal perception, arousal, and survival in bobwhite quail chicks.

This study examined whether previously reported effects of altered prenatal sensory experience on subsequent acceleration of intersensory development in precocial birds are mediated by mechanisms sensitive to the overall amount of stimulation provided. Results revealed that bobwhite quail chicks exposed to substantially augmented amounts of prenatal auditory stimulation show altered patterns of species-typical perceptual development. Specifically, chicks continued to respond to maternal auditory cues into later stages of postnatal development and failed to demonstrate responsiveness to maternal visual cues. In addition, embryos exposed to substantially augmented amounts of prenatal auditory stimulation exhibited a higher level of behavioral arousal and higher mortality rates than embryos provided either moderately augmented amounts or no additional amount of prenatal auditory stimulation. These findings suggest that substantially increased amounts of prenatal sensory stimulation can interfere with the emergence of species-typical patterns of postnatal perceptual functioning and lend support to the notion that sensory stimulation that falls within some optimal range maintains or facilitates normal patterns of perceptual development, whereas stimulation beyond the range of the species norm can result in intrasensory and intersensory interference. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 30: 201–212, 1997