cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scaling laws for turbulent wall-bounded shear flows at very large Reynolds numbers

Deep ideas of Sir James Lighthill concerning turbulent flows are discussed in the beginning. The scaling laws for large-Reynolds-number flows are presented in their historical development. The underlying hypotheses are discussed and compared with experiments. Special attention is given to non-universal Reynolds-number-dependent scaling laws that reveal the incomplete similarity of the flows. Recent results concerning scaling laws for boundary layers are presented in more detail and discussed
Effects of Organizational Learning and Information-Processing Behaviors on New Product Success

Individual learning constructs were formulated in an organizational learning context and empirically tested for relationships with new product success. Two constructs, information recording-retrieving and information reviewing, were found to be positively related to new product success. The relevance of these constructs to organizational learning theory are discussed, along with the implication that managers should carefully record and review past information to improve future new product success rates.
Ethics and the Genetic Engineering of Food Animals

Biotechnology applied to traditional foodanimals raises ethical issues in three distinctcategories. First are a series of issues that arise inthe transformation of pigs, sheep, cattle and otherdomesticated farm animals for purposes that deviatesubstantially from food production, including forxenotransplantation or production of pharmaceuticals.Ethical analysis of these issues must draw upon theresources of medical ethics; categorizing them asagricultural biotechnologies is misleading. The secondseries of issues relate to animal welfare. Althoughone can stipulate a number of different philosophicalfoundations for the ethical assessment of welfare,most either converge on Bernard Rollin‘s ’’principle ofwelfare conservation‘‘ (Rollin, 1995), or devolve intodebates over the ethical significance of animaltelos or species integrity. The principle of welfareconservation prohibits disfunctional geneticengineering of food animals, but would permit alteringanimal‘s biological functions, especially when (as inmaking animals less susceptable to pain or suffering)do so improves an individual animal‘s well being.Objections to precisely this last form of geneticengineering stress telos or species integrity asconstraints on modification of animals, and thisrepresents the third class of ethical issues. Most whohave formulated such arguments have failed to developcoherent positions, but the notion of ’’species being,‘‘derived from the 19th century German tradition,presents a promising way to analyze the basis forresisting the transformation of ’’animal natures.‘‘
Cascade Knoevenagel and aza-Wittig reactions for the synthesis of substituted quinolines and quinolin-4-ols

A [4 + 2] annulation involving cascade Knoevenagel, aza-Wittig and dehydrofluorination reactions is developed for the synthesis of substituted quinolin-4-ols including analogs bearing CF2H, CF3, and C2F5 groups. This simple and highly efficient method is also applicable for the synthesis of substituted quinolines. A number of reported biologically active compounds can be readily prepared by this one-pot synthesis. Green chemistry metrics analysis of the new reaction processes provided favorable results.
Postoperative Pulmonary Emboli

The first step in evaluation of a patient with possible pulmonary embolism is history and physical examination. Presenting symptoms for pulmonary emboli are often nonspecific and can range from an asymptomatic presentation to fever, dyspnea, hypotension, tachypnea, or unexplained tachycardia. Chest pain may develop acutely or worsen over several days. Immediate empiric treatment is determined by patient stability and contraindications to anticoagulation and/or thrombolysis. Hemodynamically unstable patients require immediate therapeutic anticoagulation and consideration of thrombolysis or thrombectomy. Stable patients can undergo further diagnostic evaluation based on clinical suspicion and availability of resources. The Wells prediction scoring system is commonly employed to categorize patient risk for thrombus formation. Patients with moderate to high probability for PE can progress to imaging such as CT angiography or ventilation-perfusion radionuclide scanning. Patients who have low probability and not subject to recent surgery, trauma, or who are pregnant can be evaluated with a D-dimer assay. Although a positive D-dimer test is often nonspecific, it can be a useful diagnostic tool in combination with clinical probability. Treatment for pulmonary embolism is dependent on anticoagulation contraindications and patient stability. Treatment consists of therapeutic anticoagulation to prevent clot propagation. If the patient is hemodynamically unstable, catheter-directed thrombolysis may be indicated and potentially thoracotomy with thrombectomy. Patients unable to be anticoagulated or undergo thrombolysis may need temporary inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement.
Genetic Testing Proves Crucial in Case of Ambiguous Genitalia and Renal Masses.

Abstract Objective The Denys-Drash syndrome consists of a triad of ambiguous genitalia, Wilm's tumor and nephrotic syndrome. Methods We present a diagnostically challenging case of an XY patient with female appearance and Mullerian structures with a WT1 mutation. Results These genetic findings resulted in gonadal dysgenesis, end-stage renal disease, and precursor changes to Wilm's tumor in both kidneys. Genetic testing proved critical in this case, helping to solidify a diagnosis and guiding our decision to proceed with bilateral nephrectomy and bilateral gonadectomy. Conclusions Denys-Drash syndrome can present quite dramatically. WT1 testing should be considered early in the workup for patients with differences of sexual development, particularly those with 46XY karyotype.
The influence of four exclusion cylinder designs on alfalfa growth

Four exclusion cylinder designs were tested to determine the impact of a cylinder enclosure on the production of the enclosed alfalfa. The designs of the 1.07-m (42-in.) diameter cylinders can be described as follows: (a)0.9-m (3 ft) high, 25.4-mm (1-in.) mesh welded wire with open top; (b) 0.9-m (3-ft) high, 25.4-mm (1-in.) mesh welded wire with 25.4-mm (1-in.) mesh top; (c) 0.9-m (3-ft) high, 6.35-mm (0.25-in.) mesh hardware cloth with open top; and (d) 0.46-m (18-in.) high, 25.4-mm (1-in.) mesh welded wire with 25.4-mm (1-in.) mesh top. The cylinders were placed in ground-squirrel-free alfalfa fields for various time intervals from mid-March to mid-June 1976 and 1977. The sample unit included vegetation within a cylinder and comparable area(s) of vegetation within 1.5 to 3 m (5 to 10 ft) from each cylinder, each clipped at ground level. Dry weights were taken of each sample to estimate the hay production. None of the cylinder designs except the 6.35-mm (0.25-in.) mesh caused significant growth change in the enclosed alfalfa. This design resulted in a 15 percent reduction in forage production. No significant small herbivore population was determined by visual observation or feeding activity at feeding census stations.
PRENSA ESCRITA Y POLICÍA SECRETA EN CHILE (DINA/CNI) DURANTE LA DICTADURA: LA REFORMULACIÓN DEL DISCURSO EN EL CASO MARTA UGARTE

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how through various journalistic documents, declassified files of the Chilean dictatorship and one case in particular, the secret police of Chile (DINA/CNI), developed processes of reformulation of the discourse with the idea of altering news events related to crimes that transgressed human rights. Specifically, the case of the teacher Marta Ugarte is presented as emblematic, being the only one person detained and missing and thrown into the sea that appeared on the Chilean coast. Keywords: Journalism, secret police, reformulation, distortion, Marta Ugarte.
Rh(III) and Ir(III)Cp*Complexes Provide ComplementaryRegioselectivity Profiles in Intermolecular Allylic C–H AmidationReactions

An efficient regioselective allylic C–H amidation of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted olefins has been developed. Specifically, the combination of dioxazolone reagents with RhCp* and IrCp* catalysts ...
Absorption of gravitational waves from distant sources

The rate of gravitational wave absorption by inverse bremsstrahlung is calculated. It increases with decreasing frequency $\ensuremath{\nu}$ as ${\ensuremath{\nu}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. Nevertheless, because of the near cancellation of absorption by stimulated emission, the ionized gas in galaxy clusters does not block gravitational waves at the nanohertz frequencies that may be detected by the use of pulsar timing observations.
Causality and Statistical Learning1

In social science we are sometimes in the position of studying descriptive questions (for example: In what places do working-class whites vote for Republicans? In what eras has social mobility been higher in the United States than in Europe? In what social settings are different sorts of people more likely to act strategically?). Answering descriptive questions is not easy and involves issues of data collection, data analysis, and measurement (how should one define concepts such as “working class whites,” “social mobility,” and “strategic”), but is uncontroversial from a statistical standpoint.
Ophthalmology training and competency levels in caring for patients with ophthalmic complaints among United States internal medicine, emergency medicine, and family medicine residents

PURPOSE To evaluate ophthalmic educational training and confidence levels in care of patients with ophthalmic complaints in internal, emergency, and family medicine residencies in the United States. METHODS A 41-item cross-sectional survey was sent to 529 internal medicine, 237 emergency medicine and 629 family medicine Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited residency program directors. The survey included the number of ophthalmic education hours residents received during their respective training programs. Respondents were asked to rate their confidence levels in performing an ophthalmic exam and treating patients with ocular conditions using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "not-confident" to "very confident". RESULTS In total 92.5% of internal medicine, 66.8% emergency medicine and 74.5% family medicine residents received less than 10 hours of ophthalmic education during their residencies. A majority of respondents (59.1% internal medicine, 76.0% emergency medicine, and 65.7% family medicine) reported that patients with ocular complaints constitute 1-5% of visits. Mean confidence levels in performing an eye exam and treating patients with ophthalmic conditions was highest in emergency medicine residency programs 2.9 (SD 0.7), followed by family medicine 2.3 (SD 0.6) and internal medicine 2.2 (SD 0.6). Reported higher number of ophthalmic education hour's received in residency was associated with greater confidence levels in emergency (P<0.001), family (P<0.001), and internal (P=0.005) medicine programs. CONCLUSION Internal, emergency ,and family medicine residents receive limited ophthalmic education and is reflected in the overall low confidence levels in performing an ophthalmic exam and treating patients with ocular complaints. An increase in ophthalmic educational hours during their respective residencies is recommended to improve upon this knowledge gap.
Postpartum Patient Navigation and Postpartum Weight Retention.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate postpartum weight retention (PPWR) among women who participated in a postpartum patient navigation (PN) program. Study Design English-speaking pregnant or postpartum women receiving publicly-funded prenatal care at a hospital-based clinic were invited to receive PN services through 12 weeks postpartum. Women were eligible for this analysis if height and weight values were available. Weights at 4 to 12 weeks and up to 12 months postpartum were compared in PN and non-PN historical-control groups and analyzed as mean PPWR (difference from prepregnancy weight) and categorically as PPWR > 5kg. Results Among the 311 women, 152 participated in the PN program and 159 were historical controls. There were no differences in age, race and ethnicity, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), nulliparity, and preterm birth between the groups (p > 0.05). At 4 to 12 weeks postpartum, mean PPWR (4.0 ± 6.7 vs. 2.7 ± 6.3 kg, p = 0.06) and PPWR > 5 kg (61/144 [42%] vs. 50/145 [34%], p = 0.15) did not differ between groups. Similarly, up to 12 months postpartum, mean PPWR (4.5 ± 7.1 vs. 5.0 ± 7.5 kg, p = 0.59) and PPWR > 5 kg (22/50 [44%] vs. 30/57 [53%], p = 0.55) did not differ between groups. Conclusion Although PN is a promising intervention to improve women's health care utilization and other associated health outcomes, in this particular navigation program, participation was not associated with PPWR at 4 to 12 weeks and up to 12 months postpartum.
Proteasome inhibition rapidly exacerbates photoinhibition and impedes recovery during high light stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Proteasomes remove regulatory proteins in eukaryotic cells, and control a variety of plant processes. Proteasomes are localized to the cytosol and nuclear, but their role in plant biology has recently been extended to chloroplasts, where it regulates TOC complex. This is turn controls the import of nuclear-encoded chloroplastic proteins, which remodels the chloroplast proteome and facilitates proper developmental transitions. Proteasomal regulation of the TOC complex also alleviates stressors that generate reactive oxygen species. These recent advances motivated us to determine if proteasome inhibition rapidly alters photosynthetic processes stemming from photoinhibition induced by high light. The short-term effects of proteasome inhibition on photosystem II during light stress was measured in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which allowed the dual monitoring of both chlorophyll fluorescence and cell viability. After 48 h at low light, proteasome inhibition did not affect viability or photochemistiry, but decreased cell concentration and increased cell volume. Two hours of high light stress impaired the efficiency of photosystem II in proteasome-inhibited cells, as determined by a decrease in Fv/Fm and the electron transport rate. Elevated photoinhibition in proteasome inhibited cells was not caused by a decrease in cell viability or chlorophyll content. Recovery from photoinhibition was attenuated in MG132-treated cells, and suppressed growth of a reestablished culture. Proteasome inhibition decreased de novo protein synthesis, which possibly constrained the ability to remodel the plastid proteome, and thus hampering the ability to adjust to high light stress. The proteasome is implicated in protecting photosystem II from photoinhibition. In addition to high light stress, other stressors- including metals, drought, and salt- are also known to generate reactive oxygen species localized to the chloroplast. Therefore, proteasome maintenance in plants may help protect photosynthesis during abiotic stress, which could increase crop yield during adverse conditions.
omegarho0 Interference Effect in The pi+p --> pi+pi-Delta++ Interaction

Evidence for a destructive interference effect between the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ amplitudes has been observed in the channel ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}$ at 3.7-4.0 GeV/c. On the assumption of complete coherence between the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ amplitude in a subsample, discussed in the text, a branching ratio $\frac{(\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})}{(\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})}=1.5%$ is obtained with a 95% confidence-level lower limit of 0.25%. The data do not lead to a significant upper limit. In terms of $\ensuremath{\delta}$, the off-diagonal element of the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}\ensuremath{\omega}$ mass-mixing matrix, these values are equivalent to $\ensuremath{\delta}=2.7$ MeV and a lower limit of 1.1 MeV. Under conditions stated in the text, a value $\ensuremath{\beta}=1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ rad is obtained for the production phase of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ relative to $\ensuremath{\omega}$ in the channel studied.
Symptom Factors and Neuropsychological Performance in Collegiate Athletes with Chronic Concussion Symptoms.

OBJECTIVE The present study explored the relationship between specific types of postconcussion symptoms and cognitive outcomes in student-athletes with chronic concussion symptoms. METHOD Forty student-athletes with chronic concussion symptoms were given a battery of neuropsychological tests and rated themselves on a variety of postconcussion symptoms, which included the following factors derived from prior work: Physical, Sleep, Cognitive, Affective, and Headache. Cognitive outcomes included performance on composites for the memory and attention/executive functioning speed tests, respectively. The following covariates were also explored: Sex, depression symptoms, number of previous concussions, and time since injury. RESULTS Headache was the only individual symptom factor that significantly (p < .05) predicted worse attention/executive functioning performance. None of the symptom factors were significantly related to memory performance over and above the variable of time since injury, such that longer time since injury was related to worse memory performance. CONCLUSION Comparable to work examining symptom predictors of cognitive outcomes in acutely concussed samples, headache predicted worse attention/executive functioning performance. Additionally, we found that the longer athletes had been symptomatic since injury, the "worse" their memory functioning. Understanding how headache and the length of time an individual is symptomatic are related to cognitive outcomes can help inform treatment and recommendations for athletes with prolonged symptom recovery.
PHASES High Precision Differential Astrometry of delta Equulei

delta Equulei is among the most well-studied nearby binary star systems. Results of its observation have been applied to a wide range of fundamental studies of binary systems and stellar astrophysics. It is widely used to calibrate and constrain theoretical models of the physics of stars. We report 27 high precision differential astrometry measurements of delta Equulei from the Palomar High-precision Astrometric Search for Exoplanet Systems (PHASES). The median size of the minor axes of the uncertainty ellipses for these measurements is 26 micro-arcseconds. These data are combined with previously published radial velocity data and other previously published differential astrometry measurements using other techniques to produce a combined model for the system orbit. The distance to the system is determined to within a twentieth of a parsec and the component masses are determined at the level of a percent. The constraints on masses and distance are limited by the precisions of the radial velocity data; we outline plans improve this deficiency and discuss the outlook for further study of this binary.
Nasal coda neutralization in Shanghai Mandarin: Articulatory and perceptual evidence

Shanghai Mandarin is reported to neutralize /n/ and /ŋ/ after non-low vowels, a change also reported for other varieties of Chinese. However, the place of articulation of the resulting nasal is unclear. We used production and perception experiments to determine the contexts which condition neutralization and the place of articulation of the resulting nasal. Analysis of ultrasound data using a dimensionality reduction technique revealed that neutralization in production was dependent on the height of the preceding vowel: The highest vowel /i/ conditioned a consistent, non-structure-preserving neutralization to a fronted velar or palatal nasal; the mid vowel /ə/ conditioned an inconsistent, structure-preserving neutralization to [n]; and no neutralization occurred after the low vowel /a/. In contrast, Standard Mandarin controls produced the contrast in all vowel contexts. A follow-up perception experiment confirmed that, consistent with complete neutralization, Shanghai Mandarin listeners failed to distinguish alveolar and velar nasals following /i/. More surprisingly, so did Standard Mandarin listeners, suggesting a near merger of the nasal codas following /i/ in Standard Mandarin. Our results provide support for a role for substantive factors in neutralization-driven sound changes.
Persona 4.0

To compete for attention in today's online environment, webtexts must appeal not only to human audiences, but also to the search engines that rank them via a results page, driving traffic their way...
Typologies and Meanings of Prayer Among Patients

Religion often aids patients, but critical questions arise concerning how patients approach issues regarding prayer. In-depth interviews suggest 12 key patient decisions and aspects of prayer—who prays, to whom (e.g., explicitly to “God” or not), for whom (for self or others), for what (e.g., for symptom reduction), when (regularly or only during crisis), where, what to say (pre-specified language or spontaneous), how consciously planned or not, with what expectations and outcomes, what to call it, and in what social contexts (e.g., how others view one’s prayers). These data have implications for future research, clinical practice of physicians, nurses, chaplains, and other allied healthcare providers, and patient education.
Appalachia in Regional Context: Place Matters: Dwight B. Billings and Ann E. Kingsolver, eds. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 2018. 255 pp., diagram, illustrations, notes, bibliography, $60.00 cloth (ISBN 978-0-8131-7532-4).

Dwight B. Billings and Ann E. Kingsolver approach the Appalachian region in a bold manner that seeks to find a role for place and regionalism in an academic environment that has, in recent years, s...
Just Noticeable Differences for Vehicle Rates of Closure

The goal for this research was to identify the just noticeable difference (JND) for vehicle rates of closure. In an attempt to identify the JND the author used two traditional psychophysical methods. However, these procedures resulted in aberrant relationships between rate of closure and percent correct. Both of the traditional procedures used a sequential presentation of a standard animation and a comparison animation. The final method used a change in the rate of closure within the animation. This method provided the author with a JND of between 12.9 to 16.1 km/h (8 to 10 mph). Reasons for the aberrant findings using the traditional methods are discussed.
Intermittent cancellation control: a control paradigm inspired by mammalian blood pressure control

Brown, Gonye and Schwaber (1998) presented a modified PI controller that attempted to improve performance of the closed loop system by only applying the integral action intermittently. This enabled the control actions to be tuned more aggressively, thus improving the disturbance rejection capabilities of the controller. This approach has now been generalized to handle other predictable disturbances, called the intermittent control. The controller begins as a traditional feedback controller designed to cancel random disturbances. Additional filters operate in parallel with this feedback controller and attempt to detect predictable disturbances. When these predictable disturbances are identified, an additional feedback loop is invoked. This additional parallel feedback loop is designed to specifically cancel the identified disturbance. When the disturbance appears to be cancelled, the feedback loop is opened creating an open-loop controller.
Perfectionism in Students: Implications in the Instruction of Statistics

Previous research has linked perfectionism to anxiety in the statistics classroom and academic performance in general. This article investigates the impact of the individual components of perfectio...
The Influence of Cultural Experience: Emotions in Relation to Authenticity at Ethnic Restaurants

The purpose of this study was to identify how customers’ cultural experiences influence their emotions regarding the authenticity of ethnic restaurants, which in turn affects perceived dining value and future behavioral intentions. The results of the study showed that customer’s experiences with a particular culture are a significant factor for eliciting positive emotions regarding the authenticity of Korean food-related attributes and environmental factors in Korean restaurants. This study also uncovered that positive emotion connected with authenticity leads to better perceptions of dining value and more favorable behavioral intentions. This study contributes to the literature regarding ethnic restaurants, which is helpful in understanding the relationship between ethnic-food-related behaviors and culture.
Size-dependent control of the binding of biotinylated proteins to streptavidin using a polymer shield

Many medical and biotechnological processes rely on controlling and manipulating the molecular-recognition capabilities of proteins1,2,3,4. This can be achieved using small molecules capable of competing for protein binding or by changing environmental parameters that affect protein structure and hence binding. An alternative is provided by stimuli-responsive polymers that change reversibly from a water-soluble expanded coil to a water-insoluble collapsed globule upon small changes in temperature, pH or light intensity: when attached to proteins in the vicinity of their binding sites, they reversibly block and release small ligands1,5,6,7. Here we show how this approach can be extended to achieve size-selective binding of large, macromolecular ligands. We use the thermally responsive polymer poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm), and attach it to the protein streptavidin approximately 20 A from the binding site for biotinylated proteins. Below the lower critical solution temperature of PDEAAm, the polymer is in its extended state and acts as a ‘shield’ to block the binding of large biotinylated proteins; above this temperature, it collapses and exposes the binding site, thereby allowing binding. We find that the degree of shielding depends on both the size of the biotinylated protein and the size of PDEAAm, suggesting that ‘smart’ polymer shields could be tailored to achieve a wide range of size-dependent ligand discrimination for use in affinity separations, biosensors and diagnostics technologies.
Studies on the Induction and Repression of Enzymes in Rat Liver VI. SOME PROPERTIES AND THE METABOLIC REGULATION OF TWO ISOZYMIC FORMS OF SERINE DEHYDRATASE

Abstract The rat liver enzyme, serine dehydratase (l-serine hydrolyase (deaminating), EC 4.2.1.13), has been crystallized by a slight modification of the method of Nakagawa and his associates (Nakagawa, H., Kimura, H., and Muira, S., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 28, 359 (1967)). The crystalline enzyme has been separated into two homogeneous components by means of DEAE-cellulose chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Each of the two components possessed identical specific serine dehydratase activities. No differences were found in ultraviolet or visible spectra, molecular weight, cofactor or phosphate content, or immunochemical reactivity. The two crystalline isozymes had similar amino acid compositions, but one form of serine dehydratase (II) contained 1 less lysyl residue and between 1 and 2 additional prolyl residues as compared to the other (I). The two forms of the enzyme were under different metabolic regulatory controls; the more electronegative isozyme (form II) was regulated by glucagon, whereas form I, the more electropositive form, was regulated by corticosteroids. By means of pulse labeling after cortisone induction in the adrenalectomized animal, it was shown that each of the two forms are synthesized independently of the other. It is therefore concluded that the environmental regulation of the two chemically similar isozymes is quite different and the possibility of the regulation of their synthesis at the level of genetic translation is discussed.
Maximum Entropy Approximations for Asymptotic Distributions of Smooth Functions of Sample Means

. We propose an information-theoretic approach to approximate asymptotic distributions of statistics using the maximum entropy (ME) densities. Conventional ME densities are typically defined on a bounded support. For distributions defined on unbounded supports, we use an asymptotically negligible dampening function for the ME approximation such that it is well defined on the real line. We establish order n−1 asymptotic equivalence between the proposed method and the classical Edgeworth approximation for general statistics that are smooth functions of sample means. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Earnings management by firms announcing earnings after SEC filing

This study examines motivation and stock market reactions of firms announcing earnings in the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) after filing with the Security Exchange Commission (SEC). Most firms announce earnings in the WSJ before SEC filing. Firms that reverse this sequence are voluntarily delaying public earnings announcements. The authors find that these firms are not only poor financial performers but also engage in earnings managements. They are delaying their WSJ announcements to postpone announcing bad news. The authors find significant stock price reactions to both the SEC filing and the WSJ announcement. The price reaction to earnings is incomplete at the SEC filings. The market continues reacting to firms' subsequent WSJ announcements as if the SEC filing fails to communicate earnings information to some investors.
Developmental Differences in Nicotine Place Conditioning

: To understand the motivations and implications of the prevalence of smoking, studies have compared the behavioral effects of nicotine, the psychoactive drug in tobacco, in adolescent and adult animals. The present study used a biased three-chambered conditioned-place preference procedure without prior habituation to examine the potential rewarding and anxiolytic effects of nicotine across adolescence and adulthood to assess the presence of age-dependent differences in response to nicotine.
An Improved Bounded Gradient Maximization Method for Interface-Capturing VOF Simulations

A new high-resolution spatial discretization scheme is presented for the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. This scheme is an adaptation of the previously published bounded gradient maximization (BGM) scheme [1]. This scheme resolves the phase interface without any explicit geometrical reconstruction of the interface. A net upwind bias in each cell ensures the stability of the scheme, and face limiting satisfies the boundedness criteria at the cell faces to prevent variable overshoot. In contrast to most existing methods, no method using “switching” between upwind-biased and downwind-biased discretization is employed to gain method stability. This paper presents the initial development and implementation of a time-dependent version of the method. Test cases are performed for a number of 2-D and 3-D two-phase flows on both structured and unstructured meshes. Results indicate that the method performs well in maintaining the resolution of the phase interface.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Stress Induced Matrix Microcracking in Brittle Matrix Plain Weave Fabric Composites under Uniaxial Tension

A stress induced microcracking non-linear model is employed as part of an incremental and iterative hierarchical modeling procedure aiming at studying the evolution of damage in brittle matrix plain weave fabric composites, subjected to uniaxial tension. The study focuses exclusively on matrix micro-damage and its effects on the macroscopic non-linear woven composite response. For a given load increment, the requisite microstresses and associated state of matrix microcracking are updated through an iterative converging procedure that employs the woven microstress analysis model of Kuhn and Charalambides and the discrete microcracking model employed by Charalambides and McMeeking. While matrix microcracking is predicted in regions of high stress concentration at the early stages of loading, its non-linear effects on the macroscopic stress-strain curve were shown to become visible at applied normalized strain ex≈≈ 1. At about the same level of applied loading, the composite effective elastic in-plane prope...
Synthesis of poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐nylon‐6 diblock copolymers

Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-polyamide-6 (PDMS-PA6) diblock copolymers have been synthesized anionically from ω-N-acyllactam-PDMS macroinitiators using newly developed di(tert-butoxy)-lithium aluminium hydride catalysts and bulk ultrasonic mixing of the reactants. These copolymers possess high PA6 block molecular weights and good thermal stability in the melt (ca. 250°C) because they do not contain carbamates. Size exclusion chromatography has revealed that traditional catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of ϵ-caprolactam (CPL) such as alkali metal caprolactamates or LiAlH4, significantly depolymerize the PDMS to cyclics (D3, D4) in CPL at moderate temperatures of 100 - 170°C. New coordinating catalysts, produced by derivatizing LiAlH4, reduced the nucleophilicity of the CPL anion but did not interfere with the activated monomer mechanism. These new catalysts eliminated the depolymerization of PDMS to cyclics during growth of the polyamide-6 block to make the macroinitiator technique viable.
Receptor-mediated binding of the acute-phase reactant mouse serum amyloid P-component (SAP) to macrophages.

Serum amyloid P-component (SAP) is a major acute phase protein of mice which we have previously shown increases the bactericidal activity of elicited, inflammatory macrophages (M phi). The presence of specific receptors for mouse SAP on M phi was demonstrated and the receptor-ligand (SAP) interaction characterized. Purified 125I-labeled mouse SAP binds to elicited M phi with the characteristics of a receptor-mediated event, i.e., the binding was saturable, specific, and reversible. A single type of receptor population was detected with an affinity of 5 x 10(-8) M (KD) and the calculated number of receptor sites per cell was approximately 10(5). Binding of SAP to M phi required Ca2+ or Mg2+ and was inhibited at a pH less than or equal to 5.6. Activated M phi from mice given BCG bind less SAP than nonactivated M phi. Activation of M phi with mouse interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also decreased their SAP binding capacity. SAP is a glycosylated protein with a high mannose content; therefore mannose and other sugars were tested for inhibition of binding. Specific binding of SAP was inhibited by less than 1 mM concentrations of mannose 6-P, mannose 1-P, and mannose; however, other monosaccharides did not inhibit the binding. Removal of the oligosaccharide from SAP with an endoglycosidase specific for N-linked carbohydrate reduced the binding of SAP to M phi. The pattern of inhibition by sugars, the divalent cation requirement, and the sensitivity to low pH indicate that the receptor binding SAP is the cation-dependent mannose 6-P receptor, or a closely related receptor. The results suggest that SAP may alter or trigger M phi functions associated with inflammation by binding to glycoprotein receptors.
Social and behavioral research in genomic sequencing: approaches from the Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Consortium Outcomes and Measures Working Group

Social and behavioral research in genomic sequencing: approaches from the Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Consortium Outcomes and Measures Working Group
SU-F-19A-07: Is a Day30 Scan Necessary to Evaluate Activity-Based Regulatory Compliance in Permanent Interstitial Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer?

Purpose: To evaluate the Medical Event (ME) criteria for I-125 prostate implants based on the assessment of post implant dosimetry on “Day0”/“Day30” imaging. The new ME criteria do not mandate a timeframe for this assessment. The compliance criteria are: more than 80% of the activity from the written directive for treatment site (TS) must be implanted inside TS, and doses to 1cc of either uninvolved rectum (D1_UR) or uninvolved bladder (D1_UB), or 2cc of other non-specified tissue (D2_UT) must be less than 150% of the planned dose. Methods: “Day0”/“Day30” post-implant analyses for 25 patients were evaluated. Treatment plans had a peripheral loading pattern with 2 core needles placed at least 10 mm away from urethra, with several seeds planned outside of the prostate for adequate target coverage. TS were a uniform 5 mm expansion of the prostate, except posteriorly (no expansion). Results: “Day0”/“Day30”analyses found no MEs. The relative changes for D1_UR, D1_UB, and D2_UT were (ranges): [−37.0, 38.2]%, [−96.5, 74.7]%, and [−41.2, 37.7]%. Furthermore, changes did not correlate with prostate volume changes of −18.7% [σ:16.0%, range:−60.5%, +6.4%]. These unfavorable changes did not lead to ME at “Day30” because these values were generally well below 150% at “Day0”. However, D2_UT dose values exceeded those for D1_UR and D1_UB at both “Day0”/“Day30”. Conclusion: The total activity was relatively insensitive to changes in target volume from “Day0” to ”Day30”. The dose metrics of interest, albeit susceptible to large, often unfavorable changes, remained less than the 150% threshold. Data from this study suggest that “Day0” can be used for the regulatory compliance evaluation. However, further evaluation at “Day30” is advisable if D2_UT is 110% or above (based on the largest D2_UT increase of 37.7% observed in this patient population). Future rigorous statistical analysis of a larger cohort will afford a refinement of this recommendation.
Neck propagation in polymers with adiabatic heat generation

Abstract The tendency for stable necks to form and propagate in polymers are well known phenomena. Less well known is the strong dependence of these phenomena on ambient temperature. In this paper, strain induced heating during tensile deformations and its effect on neck initiation and propagation are analyzed under adiabatic conditions. Relative to the isothermal analysis, thermal softening causes stability to be lost at lower overall strains. Furthermore, when stability is regained there is a tendency for propagation loads to decrease and draw ratios to significantly increase. On the other hand, if the ambient temperature is low enough, thermal softening of the necked region relative to the unnecked region can be so significant that the actively necking region does not regain stability and, hence, does not propagate. In this case, experiments indicate that necking is followed by rupture rather than by drawing.
Somatostatin inhibits motilin-induced interdigestive contractile activity in the dog

The interaction between motilin and somatostatin on gastrointestinal motor activity was studied in fasted, unanesthetized dogs. Contractions of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were recorded with extraluminal strain gage force transducers. Motilin initiated a pattern of contractile activity which closely resembled phase III of the interdigestive motor complex. Somatostatin delayed the onset of the motilin response and reduced motor activity in the stomach and the jejunum. During somatstatin infusion the motilin-induced contractile pattern did not migrate to the jejunum. The cycle of natural interdigestive motor complexes was also interrupted by somatostatin. Somatostatin alters natural and motilin-induced interdigestive migrating motor complexes of the canine gastrointestinal tract.
A theoretical and experimental investigation of impact control for manipulators

This article describes a simple control strategy for stable hardon-hard contact of a manipulator with the environment. The strategy is motivated by recognition of the equivalence of proportional gain explicit force control and impedance control. It is shown that negative proportional force gains, or impedance mass ratios less than unity, can equivalently provide excellent impact response without bouncing. This result is indicated by an analysis performed with an experimentally determined arm/sensor/environment model. The results are corroborated by experimental data from implementation of the control algorithms on the CMU DD Arm II system. The results confirm that manipulator impact against a stiff environment without bouncing can be readily handled by this novel control strategy.
A sensitive assay for allantoin

Abstract Allantoin is separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and sprayed with an acidic solution ofp-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. The yellow color produced is read in a densitometer and compared with that of a standard. The lower limit of quantitation is 0.1 μg per spot (0.5 mg/100 ml). The method can be utilized for the estimation of allantoin in serum, lymph, and urine.
Cobalamin C defect presenting as severe neonatal hyperammonemia

Cobalamin C (Cbl-C) defect is the most common inborn error of cobalamin metabolism which causes a block in the pathway responsible for the synthesis of its two metabolically active forms methyl- and adenosylcobalamin. Cbl-C defect causes the accumulation of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine and decreased methionine synthesis. The clinical presentation of patients with early-onset Cbl-C defect, characterized by a multisystem disease with severe neurological, ocular, hematological, renal, gastrointestinal, cardiac, and pulmonary manifestations, differs considerably from what observed in the “classical” form of methylmalonic aciduria caused by defect of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. This last condition is in most cases dominated in the neonatal period by a metabolic encephalopathy “intoxication type” with severe hyperammonemia and ketoacidosis. We report a Cbl-C defect patient presenting a neonatal encephalopathy with severe hyperammonemia and ketoacidosis who was successfully treated with peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, there are no reported cases of Cbl-C defect showing an acute presentation resembling a classical methylmalonic aciduria. This observation enlarges the spectrum of inherited diseases to be considered in the differential diagnosis of neonatal hyperammonemia.
Higher-Order Assemblies in a New Paradigm of Signal Transduction

Recent studies have revealed that multiple intracellular signaling proteins may assemble into structured, yet sometimes infinite, higher-order signaling machines for transmission of receptor activation information to cellular responses. These studies advance our understanding of cell signaling and implicate new molecular mechanisms in proximity-driven enzyme activation, threshold behavior, signal amplification, reduction of biological noise, and temporal and spatial control of signal transduction.
Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System: An Emerging Technology With Potential to Impact Clinical Decision Making

Synopsis Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an application of magnetic resonance imaging that allows the measurement of water movement within and between tissues. Originally developed as a way of detecting early signs of stroke or brain disease, DWI is now being used to study physiologic events within the musculoskeletal system. The accurate measurement of water diffusion can provide important information regarding tissue responses associated with trauma and disease, as well as offer insight toward the mechanism by which physical therapy interventions affect tissues. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the rationale for DWI and its potential clinical and research applications for patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Specific examples of the use of DWI for patients with painful spinal disorders are used as illustrations. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(11):887–895, Epub 4 September 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3744
A national computing initiative: a summary

One of the most significant reports in recent years that has brought about fundamental changes in the way that science is done in the United States was the LAX Report [2]. The LAX report as discussed below led to a number of major achievements including the establishment of the National Science Foundation Supercomputing Centers. In late 1986 in response to congressional inquiries, the Federal Coordination Council on Science, Engineering and Technology (FCCSET) recommended that expert panels be convened in order to assess high-performance computing. A number of federal agencies including NSF, DOE, DOD, DARPA and NASA participated in a workshop organized by SIAM in early February 1987. There were thirty-seven participants (Table 1 ) in the workshop drawn from industry, academe and government including the national laboratories. This workshop wrote a report [1] entitled "A National Computing Initiative. The Agenda for Leadership" with senior authors H.J. Ravech6, D.H. Lawrie and A.M. Despain who chaired subpanels on Applications, Advanced Systems and Parallel Computing, respectively. The goal of the initiative as described in the report was to foster significantly improved computational technologies and promote innovative applications of high performance computing. This article summarizes the
A nonlinear regression model estimating single source concentrations of primary and secondarily formed PM2.5

Various approaches and tools exist to estimate local and regional PM2.5 impacts from a single emissions source, ranging from simple screening techniques to Gaussian based dispersion models and complex grid-based Eulerian photochemical transport models. These approaches either lack a realistic chemical and physical representation of the atmosphere for secondary PM2.5 formation or in the case of photochemical models may be too resource intensive for single source assessments. A simple non-linear regression model has been developed to estimate annual average downwind primary and secondarily formed PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate from single emissions sources. The statistical model is based on single emissions sources tracked with particulate source apportionment technology in a photochemical transport model. This non-linear regression model is advantageous in that the underlying data is based on single emissions sources modeled in a realistic chemical and physical environment of a photochemical model and provides downwind PM2.5 impact information with minimal resource burden. Separate regression models are developed for primary PM2.5, PM2.5 sulfate ion, and PM2.5 nitrate ion. Regression model inputs include facility emissions rates in tons per year and the distance between the source and receptor. An additional regression model input of receptor ammonia emissions is used to account for the variability in regional ammonia availability that is important for PM2.5 nitrate ion estimates.
Mixed basis method for energy band calculations

Abstract The use of a basis composed of plane waves plus tight binding Bloch functions is suggested for energy band calculations. Results are given for the lowest two Γ 1 conduction states of CsI and are compared to O.P.W. results.
Short-Term Effects of Nitrogen and Extracellular Protease Amendment on Algal Productivity in Nitrogen-Deprived Periphyton

ABSTRACT A nutrient enrichment/14 C-uptake bioassay technique was used to measure the effects of enhanced supply of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen, and extracellular protease on primary productivity in nitrogen-deprived periphyton communities. Addition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen rapidly and consistently doubled primary productivity, but the addition of dissolved organic nitrogen did not increase primary productivity within the experimental timeframe. Experimental additions of protease had little effect on primary productivity, and simultaneous addition of protease + protein also had no effect.