cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of access to NCI- and NCCN-designated cancer centers on outcomes for multiple myeloma patients: A SEER registry analysis.

BACKGROUND National Cancer Institute (NCI)/National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)–designated cancer centers (CCs) offer patients state-of-the-art treatment, but their impact on multiple myeloma (MM) patient outcomes has not been evaluated. METHODS Adult MM patients diagnosed between 1973 and 2011 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and were stratified by the county of residence at the time of diagnosis and the year of CC designation. The influence of NCI/NCCN CC access, race, and the year of diagnosis on overall survival (OS) was evaluated with a Cox regression model. RESULTS A statistically significant OS improvement was noted in patients diagnosed after 1995 with access to 2 or more NCI CCs overall (P = .002 for 1996-2002; P < .001 for 2003-2011) and by race for whites (hazard ratio [HR] for 1996-2002, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.91; HR for 2003-2011, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79-0.91) but not for nonwhites. For NCCN access, improvement was seen in 1996-2002 (P = .003), in 2003-2011 (P < .001), and by race for whites (HR, 0.917; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95) and nonwhites (0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99), but within nonwhites, this was true only for African Americans (AAs; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97) and not for Asians, Hispanics, or Native Americans. CONCLUSIONS Improvement in OS was seen in MM patients diagnosed after 1995 with access to 1 NCCN CC or 2 or more NCI CCs. NCI access benefited only whites, whereas NCCN access benefited only white and AA patients. No OS benefit was seen for any subgroup with access to only 1 NCI center. Eliminating racial disparities in health care access and utilization is needed to improve outcomes. Cancer 2016;122:618–625. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
A comparison of supramammillary and medial septal influences on hippocampal field potentials and single-unit activity

1. A comparison was made between the influences of supramammillary (SUM) and medial septal (MS) nuclei on hippocampal physiology in Nembutal-anesthetized rats. Specifically, the effects of prestimu...
The Diversification Effect on the Heterogeneity of Investor Beliefs

In the paper, we study the effect of multiple industry operations on the heterogeneity of investor beliefs. In particular, we compare the levels of heterogeneous beliefs between diversified firms and focused firms. We study the change in the level of heterogeneous beliefs subsequent to diversifying and non-diversifying mergers. We also relate the diversification effect on investors' heterogeneous beliefs to the diversification effect on firm value and ex-post stock returns. We document four findings. First, we find that diversification reduces the level of heterogeneous beliefs on a firm's future prospects. Second, the excess level of heterogeneous beliefs on diversified firms relative to focused firms follows a pattern of mean-reverting. Third, the value of diversified firms increases relative to focused firms with an increase in the diversified firms' excess level of heterogeneous beliefs. Finally, we find that a smaller excess heterogeneity of beliefs on diversified firms is followed by an increase in the diversified firm's ex-post excess values and an increase in their ex-post stock returns. Overall, our results contribute to the understanding about how corporate organization structure affects the heterogeneity of investor beliefs and firm values.
Partiality in the Assembly: James 2:2–4

After exhorting the brethren not to hold the faith with acts of partiality (2:1), the author of the Epistle of James presents an example of partiality in the assembly (2:2, 3), followed by a reproach in the form of a rhetorical question (2:4). Dibelius has rightly warned against historicizing this example, as though it presented an actual incident for which the author gives advice. But even when James 2:2, 3 is understood as an example employed for paraenetic purposes, still we must ask how this example was understood —i.e., what type of situation is depicted and what is the point of the example?
Survival Time of Pregnant and Nonpregnant Rats after Bilateral Nephrectomy.

ConclusionsIn this series we find no statistically significant difference between survival time of pregnant and nonpregnant rats after bilateral nephrectomy in these groups of animals. These observations, therefore, lend no support to the concept that pregnancy is a burden on the kidneys. Even if the observed differences of survival time of 7 hours are in fact not due to chance, their magnitude is very small.
Content Determination of IgG in Human Immunoglobulin for Intravenous Injection HPAC

Objective To establish a high-performance affinity chromatography(HPAC) method for the content determination of IgG in human immunoglobulin for intravenous injection(IVIG).Methods Chromatography was performed on HiTrap Protein G HP affinity column.The 0.05 mol/L PBS and 0.07 mol/L glycin-hydrochloric acid buffer solution was used as mobile phase.The flow rate was 0.4 ml/min.Detective wavelength was 280 nm.Results The calibration curves of IgG was linear within the range of 0.25~2.0 mg/ml.The average recovery was 96.6%,and RSD was 2.3%(n=9).Conclusion This method is simple,fast,and reproducible.It can be used for the content determination of IgG in IVIG.
Relationship of blood groups and bladder cancer.

AbstractA retrospective study correlating the blood groups of 141 patients with bladder cancer showed that patients with blood group A had lower grade tumors with lower mortality rates, and those with blood group O(H) had higher grade tumors and higher mortality rates.
Premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy: an emerging entity.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Over the past 10–15 years, there has been an increasing amount of evidence that frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are associated with the development of a reversible cardiomyopathy.Areas covered: This review considers current evidence of the association between PVCs and the development of cardiomyopathy, risk factors, and available treatment modalities based on available published literature.Expert commentary: The field is rapidly evolving, although evidence is based primarily on observational studies. Pharmacological therapy may suppress PVCs and lead to resolution of cardiomyopathy in many patients. In addition, catheter ablation has emerged as an effective treatment modality that has compared favorably to pharmacological antiarrhythmic therapy. The excellent outcome in successfully treated patients should prompt physicians to consider whether frequent PVCs may be a contributing factor in patients with heart failure.
Chapter 3 The Armored Body as Trophy: The Problem of the Roman Subject in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra , and Coriolanus

This chapter looks at representations of the Roman subject’s body alongside illustrations of military trophies that circulated in early modern Europe in order to assert that these Plutarchan Roman plays underscore the difficulty—indeed, the impossibility—of adequately presenting this Roman subject to his early modern English audience. Harlan maintains that Shakespeare inherits a partial and objectified Roman subject linked to trophies and armor, and that this figure negotiates the playgoer’s relationship to his glorious, unattainable Roman past. By examining key moments of arming and spoiling in these plays—including Julius Caesar’s bloody and horrific murder, Cleopatra’s arming of Antony before the battle of Actium, and Coriolanus’s inability to disarm himself and re-enter post-war society—she demonstrates how Shakespeare explores the problems of reclaiming the Roman past.
Go with the flow

The vaso-occlusive pain crisis is the hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD), which affects approximately 100,000 Americans and hundreds of thousands more people around the world. During a pain crisis, small blood vessels become occluded, causing tissue ischemia, severe pain, and potentially
Neural Network Modeling of Voluntary Single-Joint Movement Organization II. Parkinson’s Disease

The organization of voluntary movement is disrupted in Parkinson's disease. The neural network models of voluntary movement preparation and execution presented in the previous chapter are extended here by studying the effects of dopamine depletion in the output of the basal ganglia and in key neuronal types in the cortex and spinal cord. The resulting extended DA–VITE–FLETE model offers an integrative perspective on corticospinal control of Parkinsonian voluntary movement. The model accounts for most of the known empirical signatures of Parkinsonian willful action.
In Silico Evaluation of the Impacts of Quorum Sensing Inhibition (QSI) on Strain Competition and Development of QSI Resistance

As understanding of bacterial regulatory systems and pathogenesis continues to increase, QSI has been a major focus of research. However, recent studies have shown that mechanisms of resistance to quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors (QSIs) exist, calling into question their clinical value. We propose a computational framework that considers bacteria genotypes relative to QS genes and QS-regulated products including private, quasi-public, and public goods according to their impacts on bacterial fitness. Our results show (1) QSI resistance spreads when QS positively regulates the expression of private or quasi-public goods. (2) Resistance to drugs targeting secreted compounds downstream of QS for a mix of private, public, and quasi-public goods also spreads. (3) Changing the micro-environment during treatment with QSIs may decrease the spread of resistance. At fundamental-level, our simulation framework allows us to directly quantify cell-cell interactions and biofilm dynamics. Practically, the model provides a valuable tool for the study of QSI-based therapies, and the simulations reveal experimental paths that may guide QSI-based therapies in a manner that avoids or decreases the spread of QSI resistance.
Progressive shortfall in open aneurysm experience for vascular surgery trainees with the impact of fenestrated and branched endovascular technology

Abstract Background In 2014, we published a series of articles in the Journal of Vascular Surgery that detailed the decrease in volume of open aneurysm repair (OAR) completed for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) by vascular surgery trainees. At that time, only data points from 2000 through 2011 were available, and reliable predictions could only be made through 2015. Lack of data on endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) using fenestrated (FEVAR) and branched (BrEVAR) endografts also affected our findings. Despite these limitations, our predictions for OAR completed by vascular trainees were accurate for 2012 to 2014. This report uses updated data points through 2014 in conjunction with data on FEVAR and BrEVAR obtained from industry to predict trends in OAR and how it will affect vascular surgery training through 2020. Methods An S-curve modified logistic function was used to model the effect of introducing new technologies (EVAR, FEVAR, BrEVAR) on the standard management of AAA with OAR starting in the year 2000, similar to the technique that we have previously described. Weighted samples and data from the United States Census Bureau were used in conjunction with volume estimates derived from the National Inpatient Sample, State Inpatient Databases, and industry sources to determine trends in OAR and EVAR. The number of cases completed at teaching hospitals was calculated using the National Inpatient Sample, and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs were used to forecast the number of cases completed by vascular surgery trainees through 2020. Sensitivity analysis and trend analysis were completed. Results Approximately 45,000 AAA repairs are completed annually in the United States, but only 15% of these are now completed using OAR compared with >50% just a decade ago. Further, with the accelerating adoption of FEVAR and BrEVAR, and expanding indications for standard EVAR, our model predicts that Conclusions Our initial prediction in the 2014 report was that vascular trainees would complete approximately five OARs by 2020. After incorporating new data on BrEVAR, FEVAR, and the accelerating pace of EVAR use between 2012 and 2014, it now appears that vascular trainees will complete one to three OARs during their training.
Outcome of suicidal hanging patients and the role of targeted temperature management in hanging-induced cardiac arrest.

BACKGROUND No specific treatment is available for hanging-induced cardiac arrest (CA). We hypothesized that targeted temperature management (TTM) may improve the outcome of hanging-induced CA patients at hospital discharge. METHODS A retrospective chart review of our trauma registry from January 1999 to September 2015 was conducted to identify patients 18 years or older with hanging as their injury type. All TTMs were performed to achieve 32°C to 34°C for 24 hours. The survival and Cerebral Performance Category scores at hospital discharge were determined. RESULTS We identified 138 patients. Their average age was 32.1 ± 10.0 years; 81.3% were men, and 69.8% were white. The mortality rate was 15.2% (21 of 138). Overall, 79.7% (110 of 138) of the near-hanging patients did not sustain out-of-hospital CA (non-CA), and 1.8% of them (2 of 110) received TTM. All 110 non-CA patients survived to hospital discharge and 99.1% (109 of 110) had good neurologic outcome. The remaining 20.3% (28 of 138) of hanging patients suffered out-of-hospital CA; six of these patients were dead on arrival and thus excluded from further analysis. TTM was performed for 40.9% (9 of 22) of the remaining CA patients; 44.4% (4 of 9) of TTM CA patients survived to hospital discharge versus 23.1% (3 of 13) of non-TTM CA patients. There were no significant differences between the overall survival and patients discharged with good neurologic outcome between the TTM and non-TTM CA groups. CONCLUSION Non-CA near-hanging patients are more likely to have favorable outcome than the CA patients. Our study was not large enough to detect survival and neurologic outcome differences between the TTM and non-TTM CA groups. A multicenter retrospective study is underway to determine the impact of TTM on the outcome of hanging-induced CA patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level IV; prognostic study, level IV.
Free-Running Melatonin Rhythms in Blind People: Phase Shifts with Melatonin and Triazolam Administration

The study of circadian rhythms in totally blind individuals offers an obvious strategy for understanding the effects of light on the human biological timekeeping system. Early investigations of circadian rhythms in blind people. commonly found diminished amplitude in the rhythms of sleep, temperature and cortisol production [1–5], which were probably the result of averaging rhythms that were out of phase with each other. Subsequently, two single-case longitudinal studies demonstrated free-running plasma cortisol in blind subjects [6,7]. In these two studies, many blood samples (and extraordinary subject commitment) were required to discriminate the underlying free-running cortisol rhythm from background noise produced by stress and other masking effects. Since the plasma melatonin rhythm is not influenced by stress [8] and is an excellent marker for the rhythm of the circadian pacemaker in the hypothalamus, it offers a valuable strategy for studying circadian rhythms in humans, including the blind.
Effect of nucleoside analogue antimetabolites on the structure of PEO–PPO–PEO micelles investigated by SANS

The effect of three nucleoside analogue antimetabolites (5-fluorouracil, floxuridine, and gemcitabine) on the structure of Pluronic L62 copolymer micelles was investigated using small-angle neutron scattering. These antimetabolites used for cancer chemotherapy have analogous molecular structures but different molecular sizes and aqueous solubilities. It was found that the addition of the three antimetabolites slightly reduced the micellar size and aggregation number, and the micellar anisotropy. The added antimetabolites also changed the internal molecular distribution of the micelles as measured by the scattering length densities, resulting in enhanced hydration of the hydrophobic core region of the micelle. The strength of the effect was found to correlate with the molecular properties of the model drugs, i.e. a larger molecular size and a higher aqueous solubility lead to enhanced hydration of the micellar core.
The Philadelphia Ladies' Association and Women's Collective Political Participation in the American Revolution

Women of the late colonial period in America regularly engaged in what might be termed "prepolitical" activities, and the Revolutionary War presented occasions for extending those. The relatively autonomous status of women within religious groups such as the Quakers and some Baptist sects, and the use of petition as a means of legal redress had previously marked the boundaries of the political world for women. As the war neared, women employed other, more public modes of expression imbued with political meaning and implications, expressions by which they demonstrated subscription to the ideology of the Revolution, even while denied access to its political privileges. 1
Abstract TP146: Impaired Glucose Metabolism is Associated With Metabolic Inflexibility During Submaximal Exercise in Chronic Stroke Survivors

We have previously shown that 27% and 45% of chronic stroke survivors have impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), respectively, placing them at high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). These glucose abnormalities may contribute to metabolic inflexibility, which is the failure to appropriately adapt substrate oxidation to substrate availability. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that the ability to shift from fat (respiratory exchange ratio (RER)=0.7) to carbohydrate (RER=1.0) oxidation during exercise is reduced in stroke survivors with increasing fasting (G0) and 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test (G120) glucose levels. Chronic hemiparetic stroke patients without T2DM (N=18; 63±2 year old; mean±SEM) underwent a graded exercise stress test, with indirect calorimetry for measurement of peak fitness (VO 2 peak). Additionally, we measured RER at rest and during submaximal exercise (60% of VO 2 peak), and subjects completed an OGTT for measurement of G0 and G120. On average, subjects were obese (BMI: 30±2 kg/m 2 ; 19-45 ml/kg/min) and had poor VO 2 peak levels (20±1 ml/kg/min; 9-33 ml/kg/min). Thirty three percent had neither IFG nor IGT, while 33% had IFG (G0: 5.22±0.19 mmol/L), 56% had IGT (G120: 7.94±0.49 mmol/L), and 22% had both IFG and IGT. At rest, RER was 0.71±0.01 and increased to 0.78±0.01 at 60% of VO 2 peak (P 2 peak, G0 related to RER at 60% of VO 2 peak (r=-0.47) and the change in RER (60%VO 2 peak-rest; r=-0.42) (P’s
Helios expression defines two distinct populations of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells

The transcription factor Helios is expressed in a subset of Foxp3 + Tregs and we have proposed that Helios is a marker of thymic derived Treg (tTreg). Other studies have suggested that Helios is primarily a marker of T cell activation. In order to study the two Treg subpopulations, we have generated Helios-GFP reporter mice and crossed them to Foxp3-RFP reporter mice. The expression pattern of Helios in the reporter mice is similar to that detected by intracellular staining. When Foxp3 + Helios + and Foxp3 + Helios − were isolated by FACS and transferred to normal mice, both phenotypes were stable. Both populations expressed a highly demethylated TSDR. A comparison of the two populations using RNA-Seq demonstrated 600 differentially expressed genes (500 higher in Helios + , 100 higher in Helios − ). The Helios + population expressed a more activated (Ly-6C − ) phenotype and had slightly higher suppressive capability in vitro. Both subsets were equivalent in their ability to suppress IBD in vivo, but the Helios + subset was more effective in the protection of RAG −/− mice from disease induced by transfer of splenocytes from scurfy mice. Thus, Helios expression can differentiate two distinct populations of Treg and may differentiate peripherally derived Treg (pTreg) from tTreg. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIAID.
The Integration of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning into the Discipline of Sociology

Despite decades of sociology scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) research, integration of SoTL in sociology remains insufficient. First, some reasons for the insufficient integration of SoT...
Memristive Ion Channel-Doped Biomembranes as Synaptic Mimics.

Solid-state neuromorphic systems based on transistors or memristors have yet to achieve the interconnectivity, performance, and energy efficiency of the brain due to excessive noise, undesirable material properties, and nonbiological switching mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that an alamethicin-doped, synthetic biomembrane exhibits memristive behavior, emulates key synaptic functions including paired-pulse facilitation and depression, and enables learning and computing. Unlike state-of-the-art devices, our two-terminal, biomolecular memristor features similar structure (biomembrane), switching mechanism (ion channels), and ionic transport modality as biological synapses while operating at considerably lower power. The reversible and volatile voltage-driven insertion of alamethicin peptides into an insulating lipid bilayer creates conductive pathways that exhibit pinched current–voltage hysteresis at potentials above their insertion threshold. Moreover, the synapse-like dynamic properties of the biomolecul...
Production of Colorful Aluminum Keepsakes and Gas Sensing Smart Materials: Anodizing, Dyeing, and Etching Small Aluminum Parts on a Budget

This work describes an effective, low cost method to anodize small aluminum objects. The use of a PVC spacer between the anode and cathode significantly reduces the size of the electrochemical cell and electrolyte required for its operation. Students will explore the physical and chemical properties of aluminum and anodized aluminum. They will have the opportunity to apply the techniques they have learned during the design and production of a personalized aluminum name tag. Immersion of the anodized aluminum samples in aqueous pH indicators bromocresol purple or thymol blue produces solid-state gas sensors that are used to detect HCl(g) or NH3(g). The modules described in this work are acceptable for introductory chemistry classes both at the high school and undergraduate levels.
The Unbounded Home: Property Values Beyond Property Lines (Excerpts)

The Unbounded Home grapples with a core modern reality - that the value and meaning of a home extend beyond its property lines to schools, shops, parks, services, neighbors, neighborhood aesthetics, and market conditions. The resulting tension between the homeowner’s desire for personal autonomy at home and the impulse to control everything that could affect the home’s value fuels continual conflict among neighbors and communities. The home’s unbounded nature carries implications for nearly every facet of residential life, from the financial vulnerability of homeowners to the persistence of segregation by race and class. This book shows how innovations that increase the flexibility of property law can address critical issues of neighborhood control and community composition that have been simmering unresolved for decades - and how homeownership itself can be reinvented to better deliver on its promises. The download provided here includes the table of contents and the following excerpts from the book: introduction, chapter one, and the opening pages of chapters four, six, and eight.
United Grain Growers Limited (A)

SUBJECT AREAS: Agribusiness, Business processes, Canada, Competitive strategy, Corporate strategy, Insurance, Managerial economics, Managerial skills, Operations management, Quantitative analysis, Risk assessment, Risk management, Service industry CASE SETTING: Winnipeg, Canada; agriculture; $1.8 billion revenues; 1998 United Grain Growers Ltd. (UGG), a Canadian grain distributor, audited its exposure to a number of key risks, especially the impact of weather on grain volumes and operating income. Understanding these risks was crucial because the company was in the midst of a major modernization and diversification program. But though UGG already managed traditional risks through a variety of control processes, what could be done about the biggest risk - the weather? Teaching Purpose: Designed to discuss fundamental issues of risk management: Why does it make sense for a firm to manage its risks? From where do they arise? How do you measure risk?
The relationships between adherence to cardiac rehabilitation, self-efficacy, anxiety and activity tolerance.

A cardiac patients health status is jeopardized by non-adherence to cardiac rehabilitation. In the 1987 Public Health Service Assessment of Cardiac Rehabilitation Services it was concluded that cardiac rehabilitation significantly improves physiological functioning of patients who regularly attend scheduled sessions. The purpose of this dissertation was to identify patients who do not adhere to cardiac rehabilitation. Self-efficacy theory was used to integrate prior research and derive hypotheses dealing with relationships between activity tolerance, self-efficacy, anxiety and adherence. A sample of 101 consecutive patients entering cardiac rehabilitation were recruited from three centers in Northeastern Ohio. Patients anxiety, self-efficacy, and activity tolerance were assessed when entering cardiac rehabilitation. Four week attendance data were collected from patient records. During the first month of rehabilitation, 24% of the males and 33% of the females had missed one week or more of scheduled sessions. Seven patients (four males, three females) dropped out of rehabilitation. Six of the seven drop-outs did not have a bypass procedure. Male non-adherent patients were not anxious, were more efficacious and better able to tolerate physical activity. Female non-adherent patients were anxious and were less efficacious. Regression equations were constructed to predict non-adherence from these variables, but were not significant. Activity tolerance was significantly related to self-efficacy in males regardless of diagnosis. An inverse relationship was found between anxiety and self-efficacy in male non-bypass patients. There were no significant relations among activity tolerance, anxiety or self-efficacy in females. Findings included differences between sexes and differences according to diagnosis. On admission to cardiac rehabilitation, females were less efficacious, more anxious, and less able to tolerate physical activity than males. Bypass male patients were significantly less efficacious than non-bypass males, although there was no difference in activity tolerance. A trend in females indicated similar results.
Goodman, Forgery, and the Aesthetic

In Languages of Art, Nelson Goodman argues that there is an aesthetic difference between an authentic painting and a deceptive forgery of it, even if we cannot tell them apart by merely looking at them.' In this paper we shall argue that his grounds for this conclusion are not sufficient. Goodman introduces the problem of authenticity in the arts by asking two questions: (1) Is there any aesthetic difference between a deceptive forgery and an original work of art? (2) In some genres, for example, poetry, there is no such thing as forgery of a known work-why is this so? Although these questions seem peripheral to the main concerns of traditional aesthetics, Goodman claims their solutions are essential to any theory of art. This claim is correct, for the answer to (1) involves an account of aesthetic experience. The answer to (2) identifies some components of an analysis of the identity conditions for works of art. Both of these general issues are central to traditional aesthetics. Our main concern is with (1). Goodman's discussion of that question is more puzzling and open to misinterpretation than that of (2), even though Goodman's answer to (2) has been the main target of criticism. Briefly, his answer to why, in some genres, forgery is not possible involves making a distinction between two basic categories of art: the allographic and the autographic, i.e., those genres with, and those without a notation. For example, while music and literature are in a notation, painting and sculpture are not. This distinction is used both for identifying the constitutive properties of each type of art work and in developing a general theory of notation. It also leads to Goodman's infamous claim that one wrong note disqualifies a performance as being an instance of a given musical score. Here, however, our main concern will be with whether there is an aesthetic difference between a forgery and the original.
Heterogeneity in stuttering: Results from auditory brainstem response testing

Abstract The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is used clinically to make judgements about hearing sensitivity and intactness of the brainstem auditory pathway. Previous studies have mostly compared absolute latencies, which are measures of sensitivity, between stutterers as a group and nonstutterers. Measures reflecting intactness are: 1) interpeak latency between Waves I and V, 2) amplitude ratio greater than 1 between Waves V and I, and 3) latency shift in Wave V between low and high stimulus presentation rates. These three measures were studied in 10 male stutterers and in 12 male nonstutterers with normal hearing sensitivity. As a group, stutterers did not differ from nonstutterers on any of these measures. Individually, half the stutterers demonstrated latencies greater than two standard deviations from nonstutterers' means on at least one measure. These results support previous research demonstrating abnormality in the brainstem auditory pathway in some stutterers. They also suggest looking at heterogeneity in stutterers, instead of assuming homogeneity.
Informal and nonformal learning for sport coaches: A systematic review:

Millions of athletes compete in sport for the enjoyment, physical, and psychosocial benefits that result from participation, and one of the most influential persons in creating a positive sport exp...
Neuropeptides, Inflammation, and Diabetic Wound Healing: Lessons from Experimental Models and Human Subjects

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and vascular disease, along with trauma, have long been recognized as major risk factors for the development of diabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs). More recently, chronic inflammation, abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and reduced wound neovascularization, as a result of dysregulated cell function with imbalanced secretion of cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and growth factors, have been implicated in DFU failure to heal. Therefore, researchers are now focusing their efforts on further understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of diabetes-associated impaired wound healing, in an attempt to identify new targets and novel potential therapeutic approaches for DFUs, which remain a serious unmet clinical need. A growing body of evidence suggests an important role of neuropeptides in skin repair, particularly in diabetes, where neuropeptide levels are diminished. On the other hand, there is emerging interest in dissecting the mechanisms of dysregulated inflammation, namely the changes in immune cells, such as macrophages and mast cells (MCs), in diabetic wound healing. Studies using in vitro and in vivo models of diabetic wound healing have considerably improved our understanding of the healing process. However, the currently available models have major caveats and are not ideal to study chronic, complicated, and multifactorial wounds, such as DFUs. In this chapter we summarize the involvement of neuropeptides and mast cells in diabetic wound healing, highlighting the most recent findings. We also discuss the benefits and limitations of the current wound healing models, emphasizing the need for confirmation and/or validation in multiple models and/or tissue specimens from human subjects.
Global Arts Leadership: An Exploration of Professional Standards and Demands in Arts Management

The arts are an important medium to understand and communicate across differences. Yet the question of global leadership as an expectation of arts management largely remains unanswered. Framed by l...
Physician Burnout and Higher Clinic Capacity to Address Patients' Social Needs.

Background: A recent regional study found lower burnout among primary care clinicians who perceived that their clinic had greater capacity to meet patients9 social needs. We aimed to more comprehensively investigate the association between clinic capacity to address social needs and burnout by using national data that included a more representative sample of family physicians and a more comprehensive set of practice-level variables that are potential confounders of an association between clinic social needs capacity and burnout. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1298 family physicians in ambulatory primary care settings who applied to continue certification with the American Board of Family Medicine in 2016. Logistic regression was used to test associations between physician and clinic characteristics, perceived clinic social needs capacity, and burnout. Results: A total of 27% of family physicians reported burnout. Physicians with a high perception of their clinic9s ability to meet patients9 social needs were less likely to report burnout (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47–0.91). Physicians who reported high clinic capacity to address patients9 social needs were more likely to report having a social worker (adjusted OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.44–3.26) or pharmacist (adjusted OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.18–2.53) on their care team and working in a patient-centered medical home (adjusted OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.24–2.21). Conclusion: Efforts to reduce primary care physician burnout may be furthered by addressing structural issues, such as improving capacity to respond to patients9 social needs in addition to targeting other modifiable burnout risks.
Historical land use and land cover for assessing the northern Colorado Front Range urban landscape

ABSTRACTWe describe historical land-use and land-cover (LULC) maps for the northern Colorado urban Front Range. The Front Range urban landscape is diverse and interspersed with highly productive ag...
Introduction to the Special Issue: Conversations with Six Thanatology Pioneers: Preview of an Oral History Project.

This special issue of Death Studies previews an oral history project with some leading figures in the field of thanatology. The project included persons from three generations of thanatologists. Th...
Piston Theory-A New Aerodynamic Tool for the Aeroelastician

Representative applications are described which illustrate the extent to which simplifications in the solutions of high-speed unsteady aeroelastic problems can be achieved through the use of certain aerodynamic techniques known collectively as "piston theory." Based on a physical model originally proposed by Hayes and Lighthill, piston theor}^ for airfoils and finite wings has been systematically developed by Landahl, utilizing expansions in powers of the thickness ratio 8 and the inverse of the flight Mach Number M. When contributions of orders 8/M and 8/M are negligible, the theory predicts a point-function relationship between the local pressure on the surface of a wing and the normal component of fluid velocity produced by the wing's motion. The computation of generalized forces in aeroelastic equations, such as the flutter determinant, is then always reduced to elementary integrations of the assumed modes of motion.
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a complex disorder with a high morbidity and mortality. Primary injury occurs at the time of aneurysmal rupture, and subsequently the brain is threatened by a number of secondary complications. Hydrocephalus and aneurysm re-bleeding lead to early decline, while cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemic lead to a later deterioration. Cardiovascular stabilization and aneurysm treatment with either neurosurgical clipping or endovascular coiling are the focus of management soon after rupture. Development of hydrocephalus may need placement of an external ventricular drain for CSF diversion. Following initial stabilization, patients are admitted to a dedicated neurosciences intensive care unit and cared for by a team of trained and experienced providers well versed with this disorder. Careful neurological examination supplemented by radiologic tools such as transcranial Doppler and CT perfusion scan is used to monitor for cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. This chapter focuses on a practical approach to the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and discusses the specific management of complications commonly seen during the hospitalization.
Evaluating visual programming environments to teach computing to minority high school students

This paper discusses a nine-month research study to determine which of two programming environments, Alice or Android App Inventor, have a greater impact on high school student's interest and learning in computer science. Both interfaces were taught to high school students in this comparative study, and an assessment has been done to determine which environment is superior for teaching computing to high school students. Furthermore, this paper describes how both environments increase student interest in computer science, but the participants retained more information when taught in Alice.
Preservation of Heparin-Bonded Prosthetic Graft for Hemodialysis in the Setting of Early Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Heparin-bonded expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts are increasingly used for dialysis access in lieu of standard ePTFE grafts to improve patency. Despite no established association between heparin-bonded graft placement and formation of platelet antibodies, cases of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) have been observed after use of lower extremity heparin-bonded grafts, often resulting in their explantation. We report a rare case of HIT in the setting of recent heparin-bonded ePTFE arteriovenous graft placement and successful treatment of the condition with preservation of dialysis access.
Physicochemical characterization, solubilization, and stabilization of a macrolide antibiotic

Abstract Physicochemical and thermodynamic characterizations of fidaxomicin crystals were investigated to develop novel formulations for efficient therapeutic activity. The pKa of fidaxomicin was determined to be 6.84 at 25 °C. The saturated solubility of the molecule was limited with highly complex degradation paths. The molecule was most stable at the range of pH 4–6. Concentrated tartaric acid was found to be effective to reduce oxidation of fidaxomicin in the solution stage. The poor solubility of this drug increased more than 10 fold by incorporation of 10% ploxamer copolymers (F127 and F68). Among these polymers, F127 polymeric micelles offered the best drug loading capacity for fidaxomicin in acetate buffer (pH 4.5).
Pathogen reduction by predatory bacteria and survival of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Escherichia coli on produce and buffer treated with low-dose gamma radiation

Abstract Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predator of Gram-negative bacteria and there is limited research on its utility for decontamination of post-harvest produce. The objective of this research was to determine reduction of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on lettuce and carrot by B. bacteriovorus 109 (Bb109) and evaluate its survival and E. coli in buffer and on lettuce following gamma radiation exposure. Bb109 was cultured on ML35, filtered, and predator cells were suspended in buffer. Produce and buffer were co-inoculated with E. coli and Salmonella, separately; and Bb109 applied. In a separate experiment, Bb109 were inoculated on lettuce and suspended in buffer, then irradiated at 0.25–1.0 kGy treatments. E. coli and Salmonella in buffer were reduced by Bb109 0.4–3.9 and 0.9–2.6 logs, respectively. The predation of E. coli by Bb109 on carrot and lettuce resulted in 0.3–1.8 log reductions, and for Salmonella on the same produce, they were 0.9 and 1.2 logs, respectively. In radiation sensitivity assays, Bb109 populations in buffer and lettuce were inactivated by 3–5 logs (0.5 kGy). Bdellovibrio could aid the mortality of pathogenic bacteria during post-harvest treatment or in hurdle interventions of post-harvest produce. No previous data on Bdellovibrio exposure to radiation is available.
Transitioning Rapidly to Online Teaching: Ten Tips to Prepare Instructors for Success

This literature review outlines some recommendations for the rapid transition of university level courses to an online format in light of the COVID-19 outbreak of 2020.
The Gendered Nature of Atlantic World Marketplaces: Female Entrepreneurs in the Nineteenth-Century American Lowcountry

Alisha M. Cromwell uses the case study of Mary Ann Cowper, Flora and Elsey to show how elite and enslaved women throughout the nineteenth-century Atlantic World profited from the gendered nature of the provincial food trade. Similar to their counterparts in West Africa, enslaved women throughout the American South engaged in business partnerships with their female owners, buying and selling goods on their own behalf. With the support of their mistresses, entrepreneurial women like Flora and Elsey developed relatively privileged positions, acculturated from African economic practices, enabling them to benefit from their own labour in local marketplaces. By shifting the analysis from rural plantations to urban environments, this chapter focuses on women as important contributors to the American economy.
Dynamic MR imaging analysis of instability in the injured Lisfranc joint with an MRI-compatible foot stressor device.

Abstract Purpose : To evaluate the applicability of an MRI-compatible foot stressor device in patients with image-proven or clinically suspected Lisfranc joint injuries. Method : This prospective study evaluated Lisfranc joint injury by utilizing a joint-specific, stress device that was engineered to replicate weightbearing and physical examination maneuvers. Sixteen patients with either clinically suspected or image-proven Lisfranc joint injuries were recruited from September 2018 to November 2019 (9 men, 7 women; mean age, 39.3 years; age range, 14−68 years). Resting and stressed MR sequences of the injured and non-injured feet were obtained. Measured values for Lisfranc interval widths, dorsal tarsometatarsal subluxations, and lambda-angles were subtracted between the stressed and resting images to calculate net stress-induced changes. A graded injury schema was used to measure significance. Results : The foot stressor device reliably generated stress-induced changes in the Lisfranc joint during dynamic MRI examination. All morphologically abnormal ligaments on resting images demonstrated stress-induced changes, whereas all morphologically normal ligaments lacked evidence of instability. More severely injured Lisfranc ligaments allowed greater Lisfranc joint widening (IOL, p Conclusions : Stress-induced changes in the midfoot provided information on the degree of ligament pathology and associated joint instability in Lisfranc joint injuries.
Litigation Risk and IPO Underpricing

We examine the relation between litigation risk and IPO underpricing and test two aspects of the litigation-risk hypothesis: (1) firms with higher litigation risk underprice their IPOs by a greater amount as a form of insurance (insurance effect) and (2) higher underpricing lowers expected litigation costs (deterrence effect). To adjust for the endogeneity bias in previous studies, we use a simultaneous equation framework. Evidence provides support for both aspects of the litigation-risk hypothesis.
Broadband chromatic dispersion in fiber-coupled optical interferometry.

Chromatic dispersion is a well-known technical challenge in optical interferometry, and the issue is exacerbated when using optical fibers for beam transport. The important sources of chromatic dispersion in a fiber-coupled optical interferometer are investigated using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer operating between 975–1650 nm, with particular attention paid to various dispersive effects in fibers. The compensation of chromatic dispersion is also investigated, and a compensation strategy using bulk glass and fiber stretching is described. A notional dispersion budget is presented for a fiber-coupled interferometer operating in the near infrared, showing that dispersion can be compensated to the λ/20 RMS level over a nearly 700 nm wide bandpass.
Phase I study of bendamustine, rituximab, ibrutinib, and venetoclax in relapsed, refractory mantle cell lymphoma

Introduction: Bendamustine (B) and rituximab (R) with ibrutinib (IBR) was well-tolerated and efficacious (Maddocks Blood 2015). Ibrutinib and venetoclax (VEN) were synergistic and active in relapsed, refractory (R/R) MCL (Tam NEJM 2018). VEN increases apoptotic priming and can act as a chemosensitizing agent. The aim of this phase I study was to define the safety and tolerability of VEN with BR-IBR in R/R MCL (Clinical trial: NCT03295240). Methods: Patients (pts) with R/R MCL received six 28-day cycles of BR-IBR-VEN in a 3+3 dose escalation design. Dose level 1 (DL1) included B 90 mg/m2 day (d) 1 and 2, R 375 mg/m2 d1, and IBR 560mg daily. For cycle 1, VEN dose ramp-up was 20, 50, 100, and 200mg daily weekly. During cycles 2-6, VEN 400mg daily was given d1-5. Dosing cohorts with longer duration of VEN (7d and 10d) were planned. The study was amended to include dose level-1 (DL-1) with B at 70mg/m2, d1 and 2. Results: As of March 2021, 7 pts were treated with BR-IBR-VEN at DL1 and 3 pts at DL-1. Baseline characteristics were median age 68 years (range 60-81);90% male;80% with Ki67 ≥30%;10% blastic MCL;40% TP53 mutant, and 100% one prior line of treatment (tx). One dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed at DL1: grade 3 thrombocytopenia lasting >14 days. At DL1, 2 pts had only 5 cycles of BR-IBR-VEN due to cytopenias (grade 3 neutropenia and grade 2 thrombocytopenia) despite B dose reduction. The frequent tx-related adverse events (AEs) were thrombocytopenia (n = 7), constipation (n = 6), fatigue (n = 4), neutropenia (n = 3), and nausea (n = 4). The grade 3-4 AEs were neutropenia (n = 1) thrombocytopenia (n = 3), and rash (n = 1). There was one tx-related serious AE: an elderly pt was briefly hospitalized during VEN ramp-up for volume overload and diuretic tx. Most pts had count recovery post-tx, but one had persistent neutropenia. Given cytopenias observed at DL1, the study was amended to include DL-1. At DL-1 (n = 3), there were no DLTs, dose reductions or delays, significant cytopenias, or ≥grade 3 txrelated AEs. The overall response rate (ORR) was 80% (8/10), all complete responses (CRs). For TP53 mutant MCL, the ORR was 50% (2/4), all CRs. There were 5 deaths (Fig 1). Two TP53 mutant MCL pts with primary refractory disease died of disease rapidly. A 17p deleted MCL pt achieved a CR and underwent allogeneic stem cell transplant and died of pneumonia (PNA) 10 mos after. A pt in CR with post-tx neutropenia died of PNA. The TP53 mutant MCL pt with a DLT after 2 cycles of BR-IBR-VEN received single-agent BTKi for 27 mos until progression and then died of COVID. Conclusions: BR-IBR-VEN showed acceptable safety and tolerability and preliminary efficacy at DL-1. During the COVID pandemic, enrollment for this immunosuppressive 4-drug regimen with intravenous tx was challenging. The study was closed after enrolling 3 of 6 pts at DL-1 and a definitive maximum tolerated dose was not determined. Future study is needed to determine the role of BR-IBR-VEN in MCL.