cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Intervention Strategy for Teaching a Student with ASD to Write Sentences in Response to Prompts

ABSTRACTStudents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) may have difficulties with writing despite average or above-average intellectual ability. We designed an intervention strategy (Draw, Sentence, Detail, Check) to improve the ability of an 8-year-old with HFASD to write elaborated sentences in response to written prompts. We investigated the effectiveness of the strategy using a single-subject A-B-A design. Results indicated that the student’s written responses were longer and contained more details after the treatment and that gains were maintained 10 weeks later. Here we consider the intervention strategy and findings from a social cognitive perspective. We discuss theoretical and instructional implications as well as suggestions for future research.
Titan: Bubbles in focus

The seabed of Ligeia Mare, a hydrocarbon sea at the north pole of Titan, may be a favourable place for the separation of nitrogen and the creation of bubbles that then buoyantly rise to the sea's surface.
Regulation of the Immune System by Laminins

Laminins are trimeric proteins that are major components of the basement membranes that separate endothelia and epithelia from the underlying tissue. Sixteen laminin isoforms have been described, each with distinct tissue expression patterns and functions. While laminins have a critical structural role, recent evidence also indicates that they also impact the migration and functions of immune cells. Laminins are differentially expressed upon immunity or tolerance and orientate the immune response. This review will summarize the structure of laminins, the modulation of their expression, and their interactions with the immune system. Finally, the role of the laminins in autoimmune diseases and transplantation will be discussed.
Bidirectional relations between dating violence victimization and substance use in a diverse sample of early adolescents

Substance use and dating violence victimization are common in adolescence and represent significant public health concerns. Although theoretical accounts suggest a bidirectional association between...
CONGENITAL ABSENCE OF THE ODONTOID PROCESS. CASE REPORT.

A case of congenital absence of the odontoid process with posterior dislocation of the first on the second cervical vertebra is reported in which a boy, eight years old, became quadriparetic while immobilized in a double hip spica. Prolonged hyperextension of the neck while lying prone and watching television appeared to be responsible for the onset of neurological symptoms. Reduction and spine fusion gave a satisfactory result.
Soviet Studies: Geography

The field of Soviet geography has undergone tremendous change as a result of the significant social, economic and political changes of the post-1985 era. Accordingly, the subject of Soviet geography has two distinct periods. Geographic research about the Soviet Union before perestroyka or the mid-1980s generally focused on amassing information and analyzing spatial patterns related to the natural environment, demographic patterns and economic activity. Because of Soviet secrecy regarding this information, research by Soviet geographers fulfilled policy-maker demand for detailed geographic information and analysis. The post-Soviet period has continued previous traditions and added many new themes such as political change and the social and economic consequences of transition. In many ways, thematically and theoretically, Russian geography during the post-Soviet period appears more integrated into the overall field of geography than was Soviet geography. Research themes, methods, and theoretical approaches mirror more explicitly the discipline in general.
Indented Antenna Arrays for High Isolation: The Growing Interest in Simultaneous-Transmit-and-Receive-Based Full-Duplex Communication Systems

In full-duplex communication systems, reflections of transmitted waves as a result of the antenna mismatch may leak into the receiver and create strong on-site interferences. Such reflections cannot be suppressed by conventional frontend isolation techniques even with ideal circulators. Indented antenna arrays are thus proposed to destructively combine the reflection from each antenna element and prevent them from negatively impacting the receiver sensitivity. The essential idea is to break the symmetry between the transmitting and receiving paths by using an antenna aperture that is curved by indenting the antenna elements. Because of this asymmetry, all of the elements contribute to the wave transmission and reception in phase, whereas the reflections from those elements are out of phase and cancel each other out. With indented antenna configurations, broadband isolation between the transmitting and receiving paths can be achieved for both monostatic and bistatic antenna settings. The improvement is obtained without sacrificing antenna radiation patterns or polarizations. Measured results with a four-element indented quasi-Yagi antenna array operating from 3.2 to 3.4 GHz are presented. The results have demonstrated a 13-dB improvement on the antenna return loss of a single array, a 15-dB transmit/receive isolation improvement in a monostatic array, including circulators, and a 20-dB transmit/receive isolation improvement for a bistatic array without using circulators.
Alzheimer's Disease-Associated β-Amyloid Is Rapidly Seeded by Herpesviridae to Protect against Brain Infection.

Summary Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) fibrilization and deposition as β-amyloid are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We recently reported Aβ is an innate immune protein that protects against fungal and bacterial infections. Fibrilization pathways mediate Aβ antimicrobial activities. Thus, infection can seed and dramatically accelerate β-amyloid deposition. Here, we show Aβ oligomers bind herpesvirus surface glycoproteins, accelerating β-amyloid deposition and leading to protective viral entrapment activity in 5XFAD mouse and 3D human neural cell culture infection models against neurotropic herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) and human herpesvirus 6A and B. Herpesviridae are linked to AD, but it has been unclear how viruses may induce β-amyloidosis in brain. These data support the notion that Aβ might play a protective role in CNS innate immunity, and suggest an AD etiological mechanism in which herpesviridae infection may directly promote Aβ amyloidosis.
Use of Observational Databases (Registries) in Research

The outcomes and costs associated with medical care are critical issues for society. Interventions, treatments, and health care providers are required to be both effective and cost-effective. More and more the cumulative effects of disease, treatment, and outcome are becoming the standard for evaluation of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Although randomized clinical trials are the “ gold standard” for comparing alternative treatments, results may not be generalizable to usual clinical care nor reflect treatment effectiveness in community practice. The discrepancy between clinical trials and studies of actual effectiveness has been pointed out a number of times over more than 30 years.
Vaginal prolapse affecting bladder function.

SUMMARY When pelvic reconstructive surgery is being considered, it is important that the presence of cystocele be carefully and accurately assessed preoperatively and intraoperatively so that appropriate correction can be achieved. Continence is under the influence of urethral tone and the response of the proximal urethra to changes in intra-abdominal pressure. Cranial elevation of a rotated vesicourethral junction to a normal retropubic position should be provided. Any surgical technique that alters the normal axis of the vagina should be accompanied by simultaneous obliteration of the cul-de-sac of Douglas to lessen the chance of postoperative enterocele and subsequent eversion of the vault of the vagina. When massive vaginal eversion causes displacement of the vesicourethral junction, a restoration of vaginal depth and axis by post-hysterectomy transvaginal sacrospinous colpopexy with appropriate colporrhaphy will relocate a defective urethrovesical site to a higher and retropubic level within the pelvis, where the proximal urethra may once again be responsive to changes in intra-abdominal pressure.
Enriched Cliques with Six Vertices

Summery Let S be a clique with 6 vertices. A spread is an unordered set of three mutually disjoint edges of S; and there are exactly 15 spreads. Let S 3 , be any one of the 2 15 = 32 786 spread-sets. Create a set S 2 of unordered pairs of disjoint edges of S as follows: such a pair is in S 2 if and only if the unique spread containing the pair is not in S 3 . Let π 0 be the partial projective plane with the elements of S 2 ∪ S 3 and the vertices of S as points and with the edges of S as lines, under the natural incidence relation. Then (in infinitely many ways) π 0 generates a projective plane π and S appears as a 6-arc in π. If, however, we require that π have a specified finite order (and perhaps other properties relative to π 0 suggested by experience, expedience or intuition) there may be severe restrictions on the choice of S 3 , some of which are graph-theoretical but not necessarily well understood. Consequently, there is a need for a complete, compact and informative catalogue of spread-sets. The present paper provides this (in a space of about 6 pages) but there is a price to be paid for brevity. To use the catalogue to best effect one must understand the theory (here presented) of E-cliques (enriched cliques with 6 vertices) and their decoding-trees.
Discrimination Experiments in Entamoeba and Evidence from Other Protists Suggest Pathogenic Amebas Cooperate with Kin to Colonize Hosts and Deter Rivals.

Entamoeba histolytica is one of the least understood protists in terms of taxa, clone, and kin discrimination/recognition ability. However, the capacity to tell apart same or self (clone/kin) from different or nonself (nonclone/nonkin) has long been demonstrated in pathogenic eukaryotes like Trypanosoma and Plasmodium, free-living social amebas (Dictyostelium, Polysphondylium), budding yeast (Saccharomyces), and in numerous bacteria and archaea (prokaryotes). Kin discrimination/recognition is explained under inclusive fitness theory; that is, the reproductive advantage that genetically closely related organisms (kin) can gain by cooperating preferably with one another (rather than with distantly related or unrelated individuals), minimizing antagonism and competition with kin, and excluding genetic strangers (or cheaters = noncooperators that benefit from others' investments in altruistic cooperation). In this review, we rely on the outcomes of in vitro pairwise discrimination/recognition encounters between seven Entamoeba lineages to discuss the biological significance of taxa, clone, and kin discrimination/recognition in a range of generalist and specialist species (close or distantly related phylogenetically). We then focus our discussion on the importance of these laboratory observations for E. histolytica's life cycle, host infestation, and implications of these features of the amebas' natural history for human health (including mitigation of amebiasis).
Crisis Management: Coping with Technology

This chapter discusses the basics of crisis management. In particular, it examines various strategies for coping with major crises. Most important of all, it examines the special crises brought on by our extreme dependence on technology. For example, it discusses crises of meaning due to the loss of jobs and whole industries. Crises of meaning are due basically to the loss of self-esteem, hope, and a sense of purpose that one is valued.
Atrioventricular Block During Catheter Ablation for Ventricular Arrhythmias

Abstract Objectives This study sought to evaluate the incidence and significance of atrioventricular (AV) block associated with ventricular arrhythmia (VA) ablation. Background Attempted ablation of VAs that arise from the septum carries a risk of AV block. Methods Data from 1,418 patients who had catheter ablation for drug-refractory VAs were evaluated. Two analyses were conducted. The first analysis assessed the patient and procedure characteristics associated with ablation-induced AV block. The second analysis investigated outcome differences between patients with and without AV block. For the second analysis, patients with AV block (Group I) were compared with a 1:2 propensity score–matched control group (Group II) and with patients with pre-existing AV block before ablation (Group III). Results Twenty-one (1.6%) patients developed AV block. In multivariable analysis, nonischemic cardiomyopathy (odds ratio: 3.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.32 to 8.40; p = 0.011) and transcoronary ethanol ablation (odds ratio: 46.50; 95% confidence interval: 14.10 to 153.00; p Conclusions Complete AV block occurs in fewer than 2% of patients undergoing VA ablation and does not appear to be associated with the worse outcome of heart failure hospitalization, heart transplantation, or death.
Design and Demonstration of a Configurable Imaging Platform for Combined Laser, Ultrasound, and Elasticity Imaging

This paper introduces a configurable combined laser, ultrasound, and elasticity (CLUE) imaging platform. The CLUE platform enables imaging sequences capable of simultaneously providing quantitative acoustic, optical, and mechanical contrast for comprehensive diagnosis and monitoring of complex diseases, such as cancer. The CLUE imaging platform was developed on a Verasonics ultrasound scanner integrated with a pulsed laser, and it was designed to be modular and scalable to allow researchers to create their own specific imaging sequences efficiently. The CLUE imaging platform and sequence were demonstrated in a tissue-mimicking phantom containing a stiff inclusion labeled with optically-activated nanodroplets and in an ex vivo mouse spleen. We have shown that CLUE imaging can simultaneously capture multi-functional imaging signals providing quantitative information on tissue.
The multiplexity of professional learning communities: exploring the co-evolution of teacher social networks

Research on teacher professional learning communities (PLCs) has found that part of their benefit comes from increased collegiality. And yet, while the nature of such collegiality is theoretically ...
Silver Diammine Fluoride: Rejuvination of a 172-Year-Old (or Older?) Dental Caries Attenuation.

In 2015, Elevate Oral Care (http:/ /www.elevate oralcare. corn) introduced a 38% silver diammine fluoride (SDF) solution to the dentistry marketplace in North America. The company named the product "Advantage ArresC Silver Diamine Fluoride 38%" (Figure 1). The chemistry and nomenclature for SDF (AgFH6N2) is described as such: "Silver diammine fluoride is a metal ammine complex of silver fluoride. The ammonia ligands are thus "ammine", but the term "amine" is sometimes used incorrectly for this chemical. In addition to that spelling difference, it is sometimes also called "ammoniacal silver fluoride", which is also sometimes improperly spelled as "ammonical silver fluoride.''1
Differentiability and Hölder spectra of a class of self-affine functions

Abstract This paper studies a large class of continuous functions f : [ 0 , 1 ] → R d whose range is the attractor of an iterated function system { S 1 , … , S m } consisting of similitudes. This class includes such classical examples as Polya's space-filling curves, the Riesz–Nagy singular functions and Okamoto's functions. The differentiability of f is completely classified in terms of the contraction ratios of the maps S 1 , … , S m . Generalizing results of Lax (1973) and Okamoto (2006), it is shown that either (i) f is nowhere differentiable; (ii) f is non-differentiable almost everywhere but with uncountably many exceptions; or (iii) f is differentiable almost everywhere but with uncountably many exceptions. The Hausdorff dimension of the exceptional sets in cases (ii) and (iii) above is calculated, and more generally, the complete multifractal spectrum of f is determined.
Observations on the Occurrence of Knotting Behavior in the Horsehair Worm, Paragordius varius

Horsehair worms, such as Paragordius varius, exhibit knotting behavior that may serve various functions such as water regulation, mate facilitation, and predator avoidance. Previous studies have found knots consisting only of males, suggesting that this behavior may be mediated by an aggregation pheromone. We conducted a quantitative field study to determine the relative number and size of adult P. varius that occur singly and in knots in a creek known to have a large number of adults in September of 2018. We collected 96 horsehair worms; all were male and associated with vegetation. We found significantly more adult male P. varius occurring singly than in knots and found no significant difference in their length or dry weight. Behavioral assays in the lab can help determine the possible presence and function of hairworm aggregation pheromone.
Auditory Messages for Intersection Movement Assist (IMA) Systems: Effects of Speech- and Nonspeech-Based Cues.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the effects of different warning messages for an Intersection Movement Assist (IMA) based on drivers’ ability to avoid a potential safety hazard.B...
SCOR-KV: SIMD-Aware Client-Centric and Optimistic RDMA-Based Key-Value Store for Emerging CPU Architectures

Modern distributed key-value store-based applications rely on bulk-read operations like 'Multi-Get' (MGet) to accelerate their data serving phase. While state-of-the-art database systems employ SIMD-based techniques to optimize data-parallel operations on their in-memory structures, such as hash-tables, they have not been adapted into high-performance RDMA-accelerated key-value (KV) stores. In this paper, we present a holistic approach to designing high-performance SIMD-aware KV stores for emerging multi-core CPU architectures. Towards this, we first perform an in-depth study of the opportunities and challenges involved in leveraging AVX-512 vectorization-based parallel hash table designs with a state-of-the-art high-performance key-value store like RDMA-Memcached. Based on this, we propose a SIMD-Aware Client-Centric and Optimistic RDMA-based Key-Value Store, SCOR-KV, that optimally exploits 'RDMA+SIMD' to accelerate read-heavy MGet operations. SCOR-KV presents an SIMD-conscious KV store friendly hash table layout, that leverages the vertically vectorized N-way cuckoo hash table design with optimistic KV pair lookup schemes. To complement this, we propose RDMA-optimized SIMD-aware MGet communication protocols that offload the server-side pre-/post-processing overheads to the client, while enabling optimal end-to-end performance. Our performance evaluations over the latest Intel Skylake CPUs and IB EDR interconnects show that our proposed SCOR-KV can achieve up to 3.7-8.6x improvement in server-side Get throughput. Through our SIMD-aware RDMA schemes, SCOR-KV can also improve Multi-Get latencies for read-heavy YCSB workloads by about 2.2x, as compared to the RDMA-Memcached design running over the state-of-the-art CPU-optimized MemC3 hash table design.
Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance Early identification of cognitive impairment may improve patient and caregiver health outcomes. Objective To systematically review the test accuracy of cognitive screening instruments and benefits and harms of interventions to treat cognitive impairment in older adults (≥65 years) to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through January 2019, with literature surveillance through November 22, 2019. Study Selection Fair- to good-quality English-language studies of cognitive impairment screening instruments, and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments aimed at persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild to moderate dementia, or their caregivers. Data Extraction and Synthesis Independent critical appraisal and data abstraction; random-effects meta-analyses and qualitative synthesis. Main Outcomes and Measures Sensitivity, specificity; patient, caregiver, and clinician decision-making; patient function, quality of life, and neuropsychiatric symptoms; caregiver burden and well-being. Results The review included 287 studies with more than 280 000 older adults. One randomized clinical trial (RCT) (n = 4005) examined the direct effect of screening for cognitive impairment on patient outcomes, including potential harms, finding no significant differences in health-related quality of life at 12 months (effect size, 0.009 [95% CI, –0.063 to 0.080]). Fifty-nine studies (n = 38 531) addressed the accuracy of 49 screening instruments to detect cognitive impairment. The Mini-Mental State Examination was the most-studied instrument, with a pooled sensitivity of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.92) and specificity of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.93) to detect dementia using a cutoff of 23 or less or 24 or less (15 studies, n = 12 796). Two hundred twenty-four RCTs and 3 observational studies including more than 240 000 patients or caregivers addressed the treatment of MCI or mild to moderate dementia. None of the treatment trials were linked with a screening program; in all cases, participants were persons with known cognitive impairment. Medications approved to treat Alzheimer disease (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine) improved scores on the ADAS-Cog 11 by 1 to 2.5 points over 3 months to 3 years. Psychoeducation interventions for caregivers resulted in a small benefit for caregiver burden (standardized mean difference, –0.24 [95% CI, –0.36 to –0.13) over 3 to 12 months. Intervention benefits were small and of uncertain clinical importance. Conclusions and Relevance Screening instruments can adequately detect cognitive impairment. There is no empirical evidence, however, that screening for cognitive impairment improves patient or caregiver outcomes or causes harm. It remains unclear whether interventions for patients or caregivers provide clinically important benefits for older adults with earlier detected cognitive impairment or their caregivers.
Coxsackievirus Infection in Children under Three Months of Age

Coxsackievirus (CV) infection in infants under 3 months of age results in significant morbidity and mortality. In this age group Coxsackie B (CVB) infection, which is more virulent than Coxsackie A (CVA), leads to an estimated hospitalization of approximately 50–364 infants per/100,000 live births/year, with a mortality of 3.9 per 100,000 live births each year.1 This contrasts with an estimate by Nahmias of the attack rate of Herpes simplex infection of the newborn of 3.3–29 cases per 100,000 live births each year with a mortality of 60%.2 Unfortunately, there is little current epidemiologic monitoring of this infection in the newborn, and there is no uniform reporting system for fatal CVB infection or nosocomial infection within the United States.3
Using Contour Plots of Bicoherence to Illustrate and Investigate Cross-Frequency Coupling of EEG Oscillations

My 12/2017 SSRN e-paper investigated possible cross-frequency phase-phase coupling of scalp-recorded EEG signals. Essentially, the quadratic-coupling metric of harmonic wavelet bicoherence was applied to 1-hr blocks of data centered at identified seizures, with results presented in graphical form. That paper was motivated in part by earlier studies of delta-theta band and theta-gamma band couplings. The former studied correlations between delta-theta couplings and depth of anesthesia during surgery, using this metric; the latter demonstrated such theta-gamma couplings in rat hippocampus. In this paper MATLAB figures of contour plots of bicoherence were chosen to better illustrate and investigate cross-frequency phase-phase coupling of EEG oscillations. The graphical framework is a frequency vs. frequency matrix, 0.5-50 Hz, with colored contour plots of bicoherence, for frequency steps of 1 Hz. To demonstrate ‘proof of concept’ in a limited amount of space, some restrictions from the previous paper were made.
Inhibition of CMP-sialic acid transport by endogenous 5-methyl CMP

Nucleotide-sugar transporters (NSTs) transport nucleotide-sugar conjugates into the Golgi lumen where they are then used in the synthesis of glycans. We previously reported crystal structures of a mammalian NST, the CMP-sialic acid transporter (CST) (Ahuja and Whorton 2019). These structures elucidated many aspects of substrate recognition, selectivity, and transport; however, one fundamental unaddressed question is how the transport activity of NSTs might be physiologically regulated as a means to produce the vast diversity of observed glycan structures. Here, we describe the discovery that an endogenous methylated form of cytidine monophosphate (m5CMP) binds and inhibits CST. The presence of m5CMP in cells results from the degradation of RNA that has had its cytosine bases post-transcriptionally methylated through epigenetic processes. Therefore, this work not only demonstrates that m5CMP represents a novel physiological regulator of CST, but it also establishes a link between epigenetic control of gene expression and regulation of glycosylation.
Cost analysis of alpha blocker treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia in Medicare beneficiaries.

Abstract Objectives Tamsulosin is the most widely used alpha-1 blocker medication for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as indicated in the current practice guideline. The aim of this study was to compare all-cause medical costs and BPH-specific medical costs in older male adults with BPH treated with tamsulosin vs other alpha-1 blockers (i.e., doxazosin, terazosin, and alfuzosin). Methods This was a retrospective propensity-score matched cohort study based on 2006–2012 Medicare claims data. All-cause medical costs and BPH-specific medical costs were compared between tamsulosin and other alpha-1 blockers treatment groups using baseline-adjusted quantile regression analyses. The comparisons were performed at different percentiles of the cost distributions. Results 176,793 older male adults with BPH who used alpha-1 blockers were included in the analysis. All-cause medical costs in 75th and 95th percentiles of the cost distribution are substantially higher in tamsulosin treatment group when compared to other alpha-1 blocker medications (p Conclusion Older adults with BPH who encountered higher medical expenses had substantially higher medical costs when treated with tamsulosin than other common alpha blockers. Cost-related quality of measures should be assessed to improve health outcomes in older adults with BPH.
Spectroscopy of Close Companions to Quasi-stellar Objects and the Ages of Interaction-induced Starbursts*

We present low-resolution absorption-line spectra of three candidate close (<3'') companions to the low-redshift QSOs 3CR 323.1, PG 1700+518, and PKS 2135-147. The spectra were obtained with the Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (LRIS) on the Keck telescopes and with the Faint Object Spectrograph on the University of Hawaii 2.2 m telescope. For 3CR 323.1 and PG 1700+518, we measure relative velocities that are consistent with an association between the QSOs and their companion galaxies. The spectral features of the companion galaxy to 3CR 323.1 indicate a stellar population of intermediate age (~2.3 Gyr). In contrast, the spectrum of the companion object to PG 1700+518 shows strong Balmer absorption lines from a relatively young stellar population, along with the Mg I b absorption feature and the 4000 A break from an older population. By modeling the two stellar components of this spectrum, it is possible to estimate the time that has elapsed since the end of the most recent major starburst event: we obtain approximately 0.1 Gyr. This event may have coincided with an interaction that triggered the QSO activity. Finally, our spectroscopy shows conclusively that the supposed companion to PKS 2135-147 is actually a projected Galactic G star.
Integrated simultaneous multimodality photoacoustic microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescence microscopy for rabbit ocular imaging in vivo and safety evaluation

A simultaneous multimodality imaging system combining photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescence microscopy (FM) was developed, and its performance and safety for ocular imaging was validated on rabbit eye in vivo. Angiogenesis and bleeding can be selectively shown by label free PAM with laser fluence at only 1% of the ANSI safety limit. OCT imaging allows for visualization of the different retinal layers with high axial resolution. The leakage of neovascularization can be verified with FM. The safety of PAM was evaluated by comprehensive longitudinal follow-up with ocular imaging methods, electrophysiology, histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy.
Non-resonant excitation of relativistic plasma waves using a two-wavelength TW CO/sub 2/ laser pulse

Summary form only given. Relativistic plasma waves (RPW) can accelerate electrons with gradients in excess of a few GeV/m. Theoretical studies involving RPW driven by a two-wavelength laser pulse predict that such waves are most efficiently excited when the plasma frequency /spl omega//sub p/ = /spl Delta//spl omega/, where /spl Delta//spl omega/ is the difference between the two laser frequencies. Experimentally, the amplitude of the waves driven near this resonance condition largely follows the predictions. In these experiments, either a laser pulse was used to scatter off the plasma wave at resonant densities or an injected electron beam was used to sample the plasma wave (and to accelerate electrons). In this paper a collinear Thomson scattering technique using an independent probe beam is applied to detect the RPW. In this range, very low scattering efficiencies and small frequency shifts between the probe and the scattered beam make measurements very challenging. The results reveal that, while the amount of scattered light has a peak near resonance, up to 10 times more light is scattered at plasma densities well above resonance.
Beyond the ventilator-cardiovascular management in SARS-CoV-2 infection

The novel corona virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread worldwide since late 2019, with clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranging from asymptomatic to respiratory impairment to multiorgan dysfunction with life-threatening cardiovascular complications. The mechanism of cardiovascular involvement is likely multifactorial, hypothesized to include direct myocardial injury, secondary injury due to the inflammatory response, and macro- and microthrombotic complications due to hypercoagulability. Acute cor pulmonale and pulmonary embolism are cardiovascular causes of serious morbidity and mortality, and myocarditis and Takotsubo syndrome have also been reported. It is not clear if arrhythmias represent a primary viral effect or a secondary effect of disease severity, though certain pharmacotherapies such as hydroxychloroquine may increase this risk. Point-of-care ultrasound and echocardiography are important tools for the screening and monitoring of these potential complications. Cardiovascular decompensation must be managed supportively with the escalation of vasoactive support, inhaled vasodilators, and consideration of mechanical circulatory support. Many questions remain and ongoing study is required to optimize care of the patient with cardiovascular complications of COVID.19.
Thiol- and Disulfide-Based Stimulus-Responsive Soft Materials and Self-Assembling Systems

Properties and applications of synthetic thiol- and disulfide-based materials, principally polymers, are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on soft and self-assembling materials in which interconversion of the thiol and disulfide groups initiates stimulus-responses and/or self-healing for biomedical and non-biomedical applications.
Life and Death Without the Present

In this paper, I explore the connection between certain metaphysical views of time and emotional attitudes concerning one’s own death and mortality. I argue that one metaphysical view of time, B-theory, offers consolation to mortals in the face of death relative to commonsense and another metaphysical view of time, A-theory. Consolation comes from three places. First, B-theory implies that time does not really pass, and as a result one has less reason to worry about one’s time growing short. Second, B-theory entails that there is a real sense in which one’s death does not result in one’s annihilation, and this fact can temper feelings of existential distress. Third, B-theory has the consequence that the benefits one has lost (or will lose) have concrete existence, and this fact can mitigate the emotional significance of the losses of death.
Abstract 174: In-depth transcriptomic comparisons provide novel insights into cancer metastasis

Comparison of the transcriptome between primary and metastatic cancer is frequently performed to study cancer metastasis; however, distilling plausible biology from the comparison results remains a big challenge. We show that in the differential expression (DE) analysis performed on bulk RNAseq data a large proportion of DE genes are identified due to technical issues instead of biological differences between primary and metastatic cancer cells. Next, we develop a computational pipeline DEBoost to minimize such artifacts and apply it to five cancer types. We perform comprehensive analysis on the retained tumor-intrinsic DE genes to explore the biological mechanisms underlying the metastasis of different cancer types. Many of the DE genes are associated with the progression of primary cancer, suggesting the differential expression may have already been established before metastasis. Clustering analysis on DE genes identifies CNVs that account for the transcriptomic change and we further confirm 19p13.12 amplification drives the metastasis of primary Basal-like breast cancer via activating NOTCH signaling pathway. We also find that cell cycling is more active in metastatic prostate cancer than in primary cancer, suggesting the difference of responses to treatment like cell cycling inhibitors. Finally, we show that some metastatic cancer cells tend to express genes whose expression is normally observed at the metastasis site and we experimentally validate this phenomenon in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Our pan-cancer liver metastasis study provides novel biological insights into cancer metastasis and meanwhile demonstrates the feasibility of characterizing tumor-intrinsic DE genes in cancer metastasis using our computational pipeline. Citation Format: KE LIU, Benjamin S. Glicksberg, Shreya Paithankar, Bin Chen. In-depth transcriptomic comparisons provide novel insights into cancer metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 174.
Demonstration of Flexible DUV Light Emitting Diodes through Formation of Nanowires with Inverse-Taper

AlGaN nanowires with a novel “inverse taper” profile were fabricated and shown to allow for high-yield liftoff of nanowire arrays in a flexible medium, allowing for creation of flexible nanowire LEDs emitting at 270 nm.
Correlation Between Quantitative Anti-dsDNA Levels with Severity of Proteinuria in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients

Abstract Objective To evaluate the correlation of quantitative anti-dsDNA level with proteinuria levels in patients with lupus nephritis in a tertiary care hospital. Study design In this prospective cross-sectional study, 76 patients of newly diagnosed SLE coming to Fatima Memorial Hospital were included in the study period between January 2020 to June 2020. Demographic data such as age, gender, lupus manifestations such as serositis, arthritis, mucocutaneous disease, and neuropsychiatric manifestations were recorded. Quantitative anti-dsDNA was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and proteinuria was estimated by 24 h urinary protein collection. Data was analyzed by SPSS 23. Association between categorical variables was assessed using chi-square test. For comparison of categorical independent and continuous dependent variable t-test or Mann–Whitney U test was applied. Results The median age of the cohort was 29 (with inter quartile range – IQR – of 13) years. The female gender comprised of 68 (89.4%) of the cohort population. The median anti-dsDNA level was 54.9 (183.6 IQR) IU, and baseline proteinuria of the cohort was 520 mg/dL (1.49 IQR). There was a significant association of anti-dsDNA level with systemic features such as arthritis (p = Conclusion Quantitative anti-dsDNA is directly correlated with nephritis measured as proteinuria, and can be detected even before organ involvement. Hence, it can determine disease course and guide early treatment.
Telemedicine and Remote Monitoring as an Adjunct to Medical Management of Bronchiectasis

The limited resources and the practice of social distancing during the COVID pandemic create a paradigm shift in the utilization of telemedicine in healthcare. However, the implementation of best practices is hampered in part by a lack of literature devoted to telehealth in bronchiectasis. In this commentary, we examine multiple approaches to structuring of telemedicine care for patients with bronchiectasis, highlight current evidence-based interventions that can be incorporated into the management of bronchiectasis, and describe our experience with telemedicine at the University of Connecticut Center for Bronchiectasis Care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The structural model must be adapted to different local dynamics and available technologies with careful attention to patient characteristics and access to technology to avoid the potential paradoxical effects of increasing patients’ burden and healthcare disparities in underserved populations.
Orbital lymphaticovenous malformations: Current and future treatments

Orbital lymphaticovenous malformations consist of abnormal vascular channels lined by endothelial cells with a spectrum from venous to lymphatic characteristics. They may be venous-dominant or lymphatic-dominant. These lesions continue to present management challenges. Total excision or obliteration is not always achievable, recrudescence is common, and interventions carry a risk of damaging normal structures. Patients likely benefit most from a multidisciplinary approach, including both surgical and nonsurgical (e.g., sclerosants and liquid polymers) therapeutic modalities. Targeted biologic therapy would be ideal; nevertheless, this goal is complicated by the heterogeneous venous-lymphatic and stromal characteristics of these lesions. Ideally, antiangiogenic agents targeting both lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells will be developed to treat these lesions and reduce their regrowth. Further studies are warranted to enhance our understanding of these orbital lesions with regard to their angiogenic (proliferative) activities and profiles of marker expression, with a goal to produce effective medical therapies.
Managing Elites: Professional Socialization in Law and Business Schools By Debra J. Schleef Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. 241 pages. $26.95 (cloth)

Chapter 1 Introduction: Ideology and Social Reproduction in Education Chapter 2 "That's a Good Question!" Exploring Motivations at Entry Chapter 3 I Didn't Think It Would Be like "The Paper Chase!" Chapter 4 "It's All Common Sense:" Ideology and Resistance in the Provision of Professional Skills Chapter 5 Thinking Like a Lawyer, Strategizing Like a Manager Chapter 6 Empty Ethics and Reasonable Responsibility Chapter 7 Jobs of Least Resistance Chapter 8 Pursuing Elite Professional Careers
Adenovirus Type 5 Exerts Multiple Effects on the Expression and Activity of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2, Cyclooxygenase-2, and Prostaglandin Synthesis

In this study, we examine how infection of murine and human fibroblasts by adenovirus (Ad) serotype 5 (Ad5) affects the expression and activity of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and production of PGs. Our experiments showed that infection with Ad5 is accompanied by the rapid activation of cPLA2 and the cPLA2-dependent release of [3H]arachidonic acid ([3H]AA). Increased expression of COX-2 was also observed after Ad infection, as was production of PGE2 and PGI2. Later, however, as the infection progressed, release of [3H]AA and production of PGs stopped. Late-stage Ad5-infected cells also did not release [3H]AA or PGs following treatment with a panel of biologically diverse agents. Experiments with UV-inactivated virus confirmed that Ad infection is accompanied by the activation of a host-dependent response that is later inhibited by the virus. Investigations of the mechanism of suppression of the PG pathway by Ad5 did not reveal major effects on the expression or activity of cPLA2 or COX-2. We did note a change in the intracellular position of cPLA2 and found that cPLA2 did not translocate normally in infected cells, raising the possibility that Ad5 interferes with the PG pathway by interfering with the intracellular movement of cPLA2. Taken together, these data reveal dynamic interactions between Ad5 and the lipid mediator pathways of the host and highlight a novel mechanism by which Ad5 evades the host immune response. In addition, our results offer insight into the inflammatory response induced by many Ad vectors lacking early region gene products.
Sex, Gender and the Conservative Party: From Iron Lady to Kitten Heels by Sarah Childs and Paul Webb

In 2010 the British Conservative Party more than doubled its women Members of Parliament (MPs), an outcome that on its face suggests a positive move toward greater parity between the sexes. In Sex,...
DieCast: testing distributed systems with an accurate scale model

Large-scale network services can consist of tens of thousands of machines running thousands of unique software configurations spread across hundreds of physical networks. Testing such services for complex performance problems and configuration errors remains a difficult problem. Existing testing techniques, such as simulation or running smaller instances of a service, have limitations in predicting overall service behavior. Although technically and economically infeasible at this time, testing should ideally be performed at the same scale and with the same configuration as the deployed service. We present DieCast, an approach to scaling network services in which we multiplex all of the nodes in a given service configuration as virtual machines (VM) spread across a much smaller number of physical machines in a test harness. CPU, network, and disk are then accurately scaled to provide the illusion that each VM matches a machine from the original service in terms of both available computing resources and communication behavior to remote service nodes. We present the architecture and evaluation of a system to support such experimentation and discuss its limitations. We show that for a variety of services--including a commercial, high-performance, cluster-based file system--and resource utilization levels, DieCast matches the behavior of the original service while using a fraction of the physical resources.
Acetyl-l-Carnitine Protects Against Amyloid-Beta Neurotoxicity: Roles of Oxidative Buffering and ATP Levels

Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR), normally produced in mitochondria, is a precursor of acetyl-CoA in the tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle. Since mitochondrial compromise and ATP depletion have been considered to play a role in neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we examined whether ALCAR attenuated oxidative stress and/or ATP depletion after exposure of cells to beta-amyloid (Abeta), a neurotoxic peptide that accumulates in AD brain. Differentiated SH-SY-5Y human neuroblastoma cells were exposed for 2–24 h to 20 μM Abeta in the presence and absence of 50 μM ALCAR. ALCAR attenuated oxidative stress and cell death induced by Abeta neurotoxicity. Abeta depleted ATP levels, suggesting Abeta may induce neurotoxicity in part by compromising neuronal energy. ALCAR prevented ATP depletion; therefore, ALCAR may mediate its protective effect by buffering oxidative stress and maintaining ATP levels.
Where Am I

Studies in rats reveal that the key to interpreting spatial information--where we are compared to where we9ve already been--may lie in the hippocampus.
Variation in cold tolerance in escaped and farmed non-native green swordtails ( Xiphophorus hellerii ) revealed by laboratory trials and field introductions

Distributions of non-native fish represent the outcome of a match between the habitat and the traits of a given species. Thermal tolerance, in particular, is highly variable among species and is one of the dominant organismal traits limiting the establishment and persistence of non-native species. Population and individual variation in thermal tolerance has implications for ecological processes such as the establishment of non-native species, especially when non-native species are introduced at the periphery of their thermal niche. Cold tolerance of wild-caught (escaped) and farm-raised (farmed) populations of green swordtail (Xiphophorus hellerii) was determined using field surveys and thermal tolerance methodology to examine whether populations exhibit predictable patterns of cold tolerance distributed across the landscape. The green swordtail, native to tropical Central America, is common in the ornamental trade with some evidence of establishment in subtropical Florida, USA. Seven escaped or farmed populations were examined: one import farmed (Thailand), two Florida farmed, two interior Florida escaped and two coastal Florida escaped. Highly variable chronic lethal minimum temperatures (CLmin) were found for individual fish, ranging from 5.5 to 11.3 °C. Significant population differences were also found where escaped populations (range 6.1–7.1 °C) exhibited lower CLmin than farmed populations (7.9–8.0 °C) and were nearly 50 % lower than those imported from Thailand (8.9 °C). The field exposure experiment revealed similar patterns; escaped populations exhibited greater survival during cold January conditions. Escaped populations were captured throughout the year, suggesting locally persistent populations. Whether of genetic or plastic origins, variation in thermal tolerance shown here has implications for the persistence and predicted range of introduced species.
Deconvolution of Complex 1D NMR Spectra Using Objective Model Selection

Fluorine (19F) NMR has emerged as a useful tool for characterization of slow dynamics in 19F-labeled proteins. One-dimensional (1D) 19F NMR spectra of proteins can be broad, irregular and complex, due to exchange of probe nuclei between distinct electrostatic environments; and therefore cannot be deconvoluted and analyzed in an objective way using currently available software. We have developed a Python-based deconvolution program, decon1d, which uses Bayesian information criteria (BIC) to objectively determine which model (number of peaks) would most likely produce the experimentally obtained data. The method also allows for fitting of intermediate exchange spectra, which is not supported by current software in the absence of a specific kinetic model. In current methods, determination of the deconvolution model best supported by the data is done manually through comparison of residual error values, which can be time consuming and requires model selection by the user. In contrast, the BIC method used by decond1d provides a quantitative method for model comparison that penalizes for model complexity helping to prevent over-fitting of the data and allows identification of the most parsimonious model. The decon1d program is freely available as a downloadable Python script at the project website (https://github.com/hughests/decon1d/).