cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oral enoxacin for infection prevention in adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. The Enoxacin Prophylaxis Study Group.

Abstract A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in eight hematologic units to determine the efficacy and safety of oral enoxacin for infection prevention in adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. One hundred nineteen patients undergoing remission induction or consolidation chemotherapy were enrolled; 62 of them received enoxacin (400 mg orally every 12 h). Patients received antifungal prophylaxis with oral mycostatin (1,000,000 U four times daily) or clotrimazole (1 troche five times daily). Analysis was performed on an intent-to-treat basis. There was no significant difference between groups in race, age, or type and stage of leukemia, but there were more males in the placebo group (P = 0.073 [Fisher's exact test]). Fewer enoxacin patients had gram-negative bacteremia (1 versus 14 [P < 0.001]), gram-negative infection at any site (2 versus 19 [P < 0.001]), or bacterial and/or fungal infection (17 versus 26 [P = 0.056]). There was no significant difference in the number of patients with gram-positive infection at any site (12 versus 16), gram-positive bacteremia (9 versus 10), deep fungal infection (6 versus 2), death (2 versus 3), other antimicrobial therapy required (48 versus 48), therapy with amphotericin B (15 versus 7 [P = 0.105]), any adverse event (45 versus 36), or any study drug-associated adverse events (13 versus 6). Logistic regression confirmed (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are given in parentheses) that enoxacin reduced the risk of gram-negative infection (0.07; 0.01 to 0.30), especially gram-negative bacillary bacteremia (0.05; 0.01 to 0.37), without altering the risk of gram-positive bacterial (0.63; 0.26 to 1.5), deep fungal (2.57; 0.47 to 13.9), or Clostridium difficile (1.16; 0.3 to 4.56) infection. The median time to the onset of fever of more than or equal 102.8 F (39.3 degree C) was 32 days for the enoxacin group versus 15 days for patients receiving placebo (P=0.0007 [Wilcoxon test]). In patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, oral enoxacin prevents gram-negative infections, delays the onset of fever, does not alter the incidence of gram-positive or proven deep fungal infections, and is well tolerated.
DESIGNER-BUYER-SUPPLIER INTERFACE: THEORY VERSUS PRACTICE

Abstract The paper focuses on facilitating an interface and collaboration among designer, buyer, and supplier at three planning horizons: strategic, tactical, and operational with respect to supplier relations. To accomplish this interface, nine propositions for all areas of interface at three levels of planning are presented. These included: (1) long-term strategic alliances, (2) supplier R&D investment and financial strength, (3) confidential relationships, (4) reduction in the number of suppliers, (5) information sharing, (6) supplier plant visitation, (7) supplier selection, evaluation, and certification, (8) supplier training/meetings, and (9) the inspection and receiving policy. Then, each proposition is evaluated in practice for a company and the extent of difference from theory to practice is identified. The results indicate that the company performed well for three propositions (4), (7), and (9), while it performed very poorly for six propositions of (1), (2), (3), (5), (6), and (8). These results indicate that the company performed poorly in the strategic aspects of supplier relationships. The company performed marginally well in the tactical aspects of supplier relationships. The company performed well in the operational aspect of supplier relationships. Finally, the conclusions, assessment, and future research directions are presented.
The Origin of the Official Aramaic Quotative Marker l'mr

In Official Aramaic, l'mr, the old infinitive of the verb √'mr, became the main form capable of introducing direct speech, even when there is another verbum dicendi present. The origin of the pattern has been the subject of several studies and has been assumed to be either an Aramaic innovation or a loan from Biblical Hebrew. An examination of the distribution and syntax of the form shows that it cannot be an Aramaic innovation and is highly unlikely to be borrowed from Hebrew. It is further suggested that the pattern is an Egyptian calque.
Synthesis of room temperature ionic liquids based random copolyimides for gas separation applications

Abstract Random copolyimides were synthesized using diamino functional room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) and were characterized. Specifically, a diamino functional RTIL, 1,12-di[3-(3-aminopropyl) imidazolium] dodecane bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] imide ([C12(DAPIM)2][Tf2N]2), was reacted with 2,2-bis(3,4-carboxylyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) and m-phenylenediamine (MDA) to form random cooplyimides with a [C12(DAPIM)2][NTf2]2 concentration varying from 10 to 30 mol%. Incorporation of [C12(DAPIM)2][NTf2]2 within the 6FDA–MDA backbone resulted in decreases in the polymer thermal stability, glass transition temperature, d-spacing, fractional free volume and increments in density. The gas permeability, solubility and diffusivity of the random copolyimides decreased and the permeability selectivities increased compared with the pure 6FDA–MDA polyimide.
One pot synthesis of homochiral aziridines and aminoalcohols from homochiral 1,2-cyclic sulfates

Abstract Preparations of homochiral N -substituted aziridines and aminoalcohols from 1,2-cyclic sulfates are reported. Primary amines react with cyclic sulfates to give β-aminosulfates which can be converted either to aziridines or to aminoalcohols by treatment with base or aqueous acid, respectively. Reaction of cyclic sulfates with azide followed by LiAlH 4 reduction/cyclization yields N -unsubstituted aziridines.
Comprehensive evaluation of the improved SPUR model (SPUR-91)

Abstract SPUR (Simulation of Production and Utilization of Rangelands) is a physically-based model designed to simulate the complexity of rangeland ecosystems (Wight and Skiles, 1987). Results of extensive validation testing in Texas indicated a need to modify the model to improve submodel integration and procedural guidelines. A description of the modified model (SPUR-91) is provided. A sensitivity analysis was conducted, examining the influence of changes in model output corresponding to perturbations made to individual input parameters. The model was then extensively validated using a Texas data set composed of simultaneous measurements of hydrology, plant, livestock, and meteorological parameters. Results of validation testing of SPUR-91 confirmed that the model: (1) predicted initial soil water content within 3% of observed; (2) predicted evapotranspiration, even under very low cover conditions, within 1% of observed; (3) provided a good correlation of temporal fluctuation ( R = 0.72) of observed herbaceous production, the observed 4-year mean live standing crop for the major individual species was predicted within 1–13%; (4) could produce a determinant-type growth curve to approximate the long-term response of shrubs and trees; and (5) responded to management (grazing, vegetation manipulation) in a manner consistent with observations. A discussion of why modifications to SPUR improved the performance of SPUR-91 is presented.
Intracellular perfusion and cell centrifugation studies on plasmalemma transport processes inChara corallina

The OH− transport system ofChara corallina was studied using the techniques of intracellular perfusion and cell centrifugation. Application of silk ligatures to internodal cells had quite a perturbative effect on the OH− transport activity. Approximately 12 hr were required before normal pH profiles were reestablished. Tonoplast-free internodal cells developed rather weak, uniform alkalinity along the cell surface. Redevelopment of control pH patterns was never observed in these experiments. Surface pH profiles similar to those observed on tonoplast-free cells could also be obtained by subjecting cells to mild centrifugation (180×g). Organelles of the streaming cytoplasm were contained within the centrifugal cell segment by applying a ligature near the cell center. Normal pH profiles were observed along the centrifugal segment, while the centripetal segment developed weak, rather uniform alkaline profiles. Upon redistribution of the cytoplasmic organelles, normal pH profiles were established along the entire cell length. These results indicate that an organelle within the streaming cytoplasmic phase is responsible for the spatial location and control over OH− transport. This explains the absence of control pH profiles in tonoplast-free cells, since during the disintegration of the tonoplast, most of the streaming cytoplasm coagulates at one end of the cell. Parallel pH mapping and electrophysiological studies indicated that the plasmalemma of this species contains an ATP-dependent electrogenic H+ transport system. Also, experiments conducted in the presence and absence of cellular ATP demonstrated that OH− efflux can be driven passively by the membrane potential. Whether OH− transport is strictly a passive process in normal cells remains to be resolved.
Autism and joint attention: Young children's responses to maternal bids

Problems with joint attention are an early manifestation of autism. Young boys with and without autism were observed communicating with their mothers in contexts that afforded commenting, requesting, and interacting. Mothers of autistic sons made as many attention-regulating bids as mothers of typically developing sons, and these bids did not differ significantly in duration. However, fewer occurred in commenting contexts, and they were less likely to rely on purely conventional means. Their sons accepted fewer bids, and they more often appeared unaware of a bid. These findings are discussed using a transactional view of communicative problems in autism in which a child's difficulty regulating shared attention prompts adults to augment conventional communication with literal, object-focused acts.
L p -solvability of a fourth-order boundary-value problem at resonance

Abstract Let Ω be a bounded domain in R n with smooth boundary Γ. We obtain existence results for the solutions of the biharmonic boundary value problems, -Δ 2 u + ⋋ 2 1 u + g(x, u) = f , in Ω, u = Δu = 0 on Γ; -Δ2u + g(x, u) = f, Ω, ∂u/∂n = ∂(Δu)/∂n = 0 , on Γ when g(x, u) has linear growth in u and f is in certain subclass of L p (Ω) . In the first problem, ⋋1 is the first eigenvalue of the eigenvalue problem -Δu = ⋋u in Ω and u = 0 on Γ.
Nonlinear Clutch Engagement Control

Clutches are widely used in transmissions of hybrid electric and conventional vehicles. Smooth clutch engagement is a prerequisite for good drivability. A nonlinear control to smoothly engage a clutch is proposed. The control does not use the clutch torque capacity to control clutch slip. Instead, it regulates the torque applied to the inertia at the clutch input. The control requires very little calibration. Simulation results are presented. Theoretical proofs for stability and robustness are also included.Copyright © 2013 by General Motors
A physiologically based model of chromium kinetics in the rat

A physiologically based model of chromium kinetics in rats has been developed. The general structure of the model is similar to that of a model of lead kinetics in rats. Like lead, chromium exchanges between plasma and the bone surfaces in contact with plasma, and also like lead, although with much lower efficiency, it can become incorporated into actively mineralizing bone. Both processes are included in the model. Parallel absorption and disposition schemes for chromium(VI) and chromium(III) are linked in the model by reduction processes occurring throughout the body, including the lung and gastrointestinal tract. Examination of a number of data sets from studies in which chromium salts were administered to rats intravenously, orally, or by intratracheal instillation established that intravenous administration, on the one hand, and oral or pulmonary administration, on the other hand, result in different disposition patterns. The model was calibrated based on published oral and intratracheal kinetic studies in rats given soluble chromium(III) and chromium(VI) salts. In the most complete of these studies, chromium concentrations were monitored in individual tissues for 42 days following intratracheal administration of a soluble chromium(VI) salt. Inclusion in the model of a urinary excretion delay was necessary in order to fit excretion data from two other intratracheal studies. Model predictions of blood chromium concentrations are compared with the results of a published kinetic study in which rats were administered a soluble chromium(VI) salt by inhalation.
Stress- and PTSD-associated obesity and metabolic dysfunction: a growing problem requiring further research and novel treatments

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a growing public health concern. More recently, evidence has indicated that PTSD leads to obesity and associated metabolic dysfunction. Possible mechanisms of this link are through dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and related moderation of appetite hormones and neural activity, leading to changes in consumptive behaviors. Although research has been examining associations between PTSD and obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome, future research should delineate potential mechanisms for these associations and develop targeted treatments to reduce these metabolic outcomes.
Nonlinear Longitudinal Space Charge Oscillations in Relativistic Electron Beams

In this Letter we study the evolution of an initial periodic modulation in the temporal profile of a relativistic electron beam under the effect of longitudinal space-charge forces. Linear theory predicts a periodic exchange of the modulation between the density and the energy profiles at the beam plasma frequency. For large enough initial modulations, wave breaking occurs after 1/2 period of plasma oscillation leading to the formation of short current spikes. We confirm this effect by direct measurements on a ps-modulated electron beam from an rf photoinjector. These results are useful for the generation of intense electron pulse trains for advanced accelerator applications.
The embryonic tRNA methylase reaction.

Abstract tRNA methylase obtained from embryonic tissue of gestational age of 8 to 10 days methylates tRNA obtained from more mature embryonic or adult tissue, whereas it does not show significant activities with respect to homologous tRNA. The gel electrophoretic pattern of tRNA obtained from adult liver tRNA following incubation with early embryonic tRNA methylase resembled more closely the pattern obtained for early embryonic tRNA. It is suggested that methylation of tRNA during embryogenesis may play a regulatory role in the process of translation, and therefore, differentiation. The methylation of tRNA in the presence of tRNA methylase and S-adenosyl-methionine was first delineated by Fleissner and Borek in 1962 (1). Since then, studies have demonstrated the universality of this reaction in a variety of bilogical systems and tended to support the possible regulatory function of this pathway. Evidence from several laboratories suggested that the level of tRNA methylase activity was a function of age in mamamlian systems (2,3). Structural changes occurring in the tRNA molecule as a consequence of methylation are: (a) enhanced base pairing, (b) decreased secondary structure, (c) methylation of the 2′-hydroxyl of ribose, and (d) changes in the configuration of the tRNA molecule as a consequence of interaction of a methylated base with neighboring bases on the same chain (4). Functional changes in tRNA as a consequence of methylation have been reported. Peterkofsky and co-workers (5) demonstrated that the degree of methylation of E. colis tRNA is directly related to its ability to be amino acylated in the presence of yeast leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In addition, Shugart and co-workers (6) indicated that the extent to which tRNA may be amino acylated is, in part, proportional to the extent of methylation of this molecule. Borek (7) and others (8) have suggested a relationship between the methylation of nucleic acids to the processes of carcinogenesis and differentiation. These investigations indicated that the level of tRNA methylase in tumor cells is much higher than that in normal counterparts. The present report deals with an investigation of tRNA methylase activity during various stages of gestation in embryonic mouse tissue.
Comparison of Infection Rates and Severity of Illness for Influenza A Subtypes H1N1 and H3N2

In the Houston Family Study, overall rates of infection for the three major outbreaks of influenza A from 1977 to 1981 were higher for subtype H3N2 than for H1N1. Rates in school children were almost identical, but rates of infection with H1N1 were lower in adults and in preschool children, especially those younger than two years of age. However, rates for the two subtypes were similar in young children within families that experienced influenza A infections. In the total population overall illness rates among infected persons were identical, and diagnoses were similar. Among 145 identified primary infections (1977-1982), more H3N2 infections resulted in systemic (febrile) illness or lower-respiratory-tract disease, but a detailed comparison of illness features of 54 primary infections in children aged two to five years showed no significant differences. Epidemiological differences appear to be more important than pathogenic potential in determining the community impact of these two subtypes of type A influenza virus.
Regulation of nitric oxide synthase induction by iron and glutathione in asbestos-treated human lung epithelial cells.

Treatment of human lung epithelial (A549) cells with crocidolite asbestos resulted in the induction of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), production of NO, and a dramatic decrease in intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Iron, mobilized from the crocidolite fibers (27% iron by weight), and the formation of NO were required for the formation of 2'-deoxy-7-hydro-8-oxoguanosine in the DNA of the A549 cells, but not for the decrease in GSH. Therefore, we investigated the role of GSH and iron in the induction of iNOS in A549 cells by crocidolite. Iron was required for the induction of iNOS by crocidolite. A fivefold higher amount of chrysotile asbestos (3% iron by weight) was required to cause a similar decrease in intracellular GSH and induction of iNOS. In the absence of asbestos, treatment with either buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, or ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), a soluble form of iron, did not result in induction of iNOS. However, iNOS was induced when A549 cells were treated simultaneously with BSO and FAC. The presence of 5 mM N-acetylcysteine prevented induction of iNOS in crocidolite-treated A549 cells. These observations suggest that the induction of iNOS resulted from a decrease in intracellular GSH and the presence of iron from the asbestos fibers.
Radiationless transitions: Their effect on absorption line shapes and fluorescence decay curves

Radiationless transitions, and the interactions causing them, perturb absorption lineshapes and the time course of light emission. In this paper we use the standard model of a discrete state interacting with a continuum, but we allow the continuum density of states to assume various energy dependent forms. This energy dependence causes the absorption line shape to deviate from lorentzian in interesting ways. The emission decay curves may also become highly non-exponential, and show quantum beat effects in many situations.
Major Depressive Disorder Treatment Guidelines in America and Europe

The various major American and European guidelines for the treatment of depression provide similar basic principles of treatment, which include individualizing the treatment plan, preparing the patient for potential long-term treatment, providing measurement-based care, and treating to remission. While the guidelines are all evidence-based, certain factors can influence differences in specific recommendations, such as the consensus group's composition, underlying mandates, and cultural attitudes. The similarities and differences among 6 sets of guidelines from Europe and the Americas published in the past decade are reviewed here (American Psychiatric Association, British Association for Psychopharmacology, Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Texas Medication Algorithm Project, and World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry). In the guidelines, mild depression has the most variance in treatment recommendations; some, but not all, guidelines suggest that it may resolve with exercise or watchful waiting, but psychotherapy or antidepressants could be used if initial efforts fail. Moderate and severe major depression carry broadly similar recommendations among the guidelines. First-line treatment recommendations for moderate major depressive disorder include antidepressant monotherapy, psychotherapy, and the combination of both. Severe depression may require the combination of an antidepressant and an antipsychotic, electroconvulsive therapy, or the combination of an antidepressant and psychotherapy. Benzodiazepines play a very limited role in the treatment of depression; if the patient has catatonic depression, acutely suicidal depression, or depression with symptoms of anxiety, agitation, or insomnia, benzodiazepines are recommended by some guidelines for short-term treatment only.
Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM)

We present spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) as a new optical microscopy technique, capable of measuring nanoscale structures and dynamics in live cells via interferometry. SLIM combines two classic ideas in light imaging: Zernike’s phase contrast microscopy, which renders high contrast intensity images of transparent specimens, and Gabor’s holography, where the phase information from the object is recorded. Thus, SLIM reveals the intrinsic contrast of cell structures and, in addition, renders quantitative optical path-length maps across the sample. The resulting topographic accuracy is comparable to that of atomic force microscopy, while the acquisition speed is 1,000 times higher. We illustrate the novel insight into cell dynamics via SLIM by experiments on primary cell cultures from the rat brain. SLIM is implemented as an add-on module to an existing phase contrast microscope, which may prove instrumental in impacting the light microscopy field at a large scale.
The role of graduate students in research experience for undergraduates programs

In this article, we consider the role of graduate students as mentors in research experience for undergraduates (REU) programs, as reflected by a breakout session at the Trends for Undergraduate Research in Mathematical Sciences (TURMS) conference. We consider the benefits of using graduate students to the institution running the program and to the participating undergraduates. We also consider the benefits that the graduate students themselves gain from working in an REU, and we warn of potential problems that can arise when employing graduate students in this context. We discuss the role of postdoctoral fellows and other undergraduates in REU programs and conclude with questions about graduate student mentors that merit further discussion.
Observations of 433 Eros from 1.25 to 3.35 microns

We have spectrophotometrically observed 433 Eros, the target of the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR)-Shoemaker spacecraft, on 1995 December 4 from 1.25 to 3.35 microns. As expected, Eros shows no evidence of an absorption feature over 5% in the 3-micron region, and is interpreted to have an anhydrous surface within observational uncertainties. Our observations in the JHK region agree with previous work by Chapman and Morrison and Murchic and Pieters, but differ from the near-infrared spectrometer spectra reported by Clark et al. Our calculations indicate that thermal flux from Eros is not responsible for this mismatch.
Equilibrium and intra-particle diffusion of stabilized landfill leachate onto micro- and meso-porous activated carbon

Stabilized landfill leachate has previously been treated with activated carbon (AC); however, information on the selectivity of AC depending upon the pore size is minimal. Isotherm and kinetic experiments were conducted using three commercially available AC products, one micro-porous and two meso-porous. Equilibrium adsorption and intra-particle diffusion of organic matter from stabilized leachate was studied. Isotherm experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models in non-linear forms. Of the three isotherm models, the Redlich-Peterson model provided the best fit to the experimental data and showed a similar organic matter adsorption capacity (approximately 0.2 g total organic carbon (TOC) g(-1) AC) for both micro-porous and meso-porous AC. The organic matter effective intra-particle diffusion coefficients (D(e)) in both AC types were on the order of 10(-10) m(2) s(-1) for AC particle sizes greater than 0.5 mm. Meso-porous ACs showed slightly higher D(e) compared to micro-porous AC. Rapid small-scale tests showed a maximum of 80% TOC removal from leachate by each AC investigated. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed a preferential adsorption of fulvic-type organic matter with an increase in empty bed contact time by each AC.
Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in MCM8 decreased in a cohort of premature ovarian failure patients

were derived using CellQuest software. Blood flow impedance was determined using the resistance index (RI) according to the formula: RI1⁄4(peak systolic velocity–end diastolic velocity)/peak systolic velocity. RESULTS: The percentage of DCs out total CD45 hematopoietic cells within the FF was strongly correlated to both day 3 FSH levels (r1⁄40.853, P<0.001) and LH levels (r1⁄40.83, P<0.0001). The presence of CD45 hematopoietic cells correlated with end diastolic velocity of blood flow to the follicle (r1⁄40.475, P1⁄40.003). Although the RI to blood flow did not correlate with the presence of total DCs within the FF (r1⁄4-0.08,P1⁄40.97), it was inversely correlated significantly with thematurity of DCs as indicated by their expression of HLADR (r1⁄4-0.36, P1⁄40.043). CONCLUSION: The presence of total DCs in the follicular fluid is associated with poor ovarian reserve parameters. In accordance to our previous findings that the presence ofmatureDCswithin the ovarian follicle correlates with ovarian response to gonadotropins, we now report that their presence correlates with improved follicular blood flow. The notion that mature DCs within the ovarian follicle are important for angiogenesis and oocyte development is intriguing and warrants further investigation. Supported by: Israel Science Foundation (ISF 142/09).
Feature selection and classification of multiparametric medical images using bagging and SVM

This paper presents a framework for brain classification based on multi-parametric medical images. This method takes advantage of multi-parametric imaging to provide a set of discriminative features for classifier construction by using a regional feature extraction method which takes into account joint correlations among different image parameters; in the experiments herein, MRI and PET images of the brain are used. Support vector machine classifiers are then trained based on the most discriminative features selected from the feature set. To facilitate robust classification and optimal selection of parameters involved in classification, in view of the well-known "curse of dimensionality", base classifiers are constructed in a bagging (bootstrap aggregating) framework for building an ensemble classifier and the classification parameters of these base classifiers are optimized by means of maximizing the area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve estimated from their prediction performance on left-out samples of bootstrap sampling. This classification system is tested on a sex classification problem, where it yields over 90% classification rates for unseen subjects. The proposed classification method is also compared with other commonly used classification algorithms, with favorable results. These results illustrate that the methods built upon information jointly extracted from multi-parametric images have the potential to perform individual classification with high sensitivity and specificity.
High Fat Diet Induces Changes in Adipose Tissue trans-4-Oxo-2-Nonenal and trans-4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal Levels in a Depot-Specific Manner

Protein carbonylation is the covalent modification of proteins by α,β-unsaturated aldehydes produced by nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The most widely studied aldehyde product of lipid peroxidation, trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), is associated with obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and has demonstrated reactivity toward key proteins involved in cellular function. However, 4-HNE is only one of many lipid peroxidation products and the lipid aldehyde profile in adipose tissue has not been characterized. To further understand the role of oxidative stress in obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction, a novel LC-MS/MS method was developed to evaluate aldehyde products of lipid peroxidation and applied to the analysis of adipose tissue. 4-HNE and trans-4-oxo-2-nonenal (4-ONE) were the most abundant aldehydes present in adipose tissue. In high fat-fed C57Bl/6J and ob/ob mice the levels of lipid peroxidation products were increased 5- to 11-fold in epididymal adipose, unchanged in brown adipose, but decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Epididymal adipose tissue of high fat-fed mice also exhibited increased levels of proteins modified by 4-HNE and 4-ONE, whereas subcutaneous adipose tissue levels of these modifications were decreased. High fat feeding of C57Bl/6J mice resulted in decreased expression of a number of genes linked to antioxidant biology selectively in epididymal adipose tissue. Moreover, TNFα treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes resulted in decreased expression of GSTA4, GPx4, and Prdx3 while upregulating the expression of SOD2. These results suggest that inflammatory cytokines selectively downregulate antioxidant gene expression in visceral adipose tissue, resulting in elevated lipid aldehydes and increased protein carbonylation.
Cooperative chiral order in the B-Z transition in random sequences of DNA

We present a theory for cooperative chiral order in the transition between right-handed B-DNA and left-handed Z-DNA. This theory, based on the random-field Ising model, predicts the characteristic length scale of Z-DNA segments. This length scale depends on whether the DNA is a homopolymer or a random sequence: it is approximately 4000 nucleotides in a homopolymer but only approximately 25 nucleotides in a random sequence. These theoretical results are consistent with experiments on DNA homopolymers and random sequences.
Myoglobinuria Associated With Herpes-Group Viral Infections

Two cases of myoglobinuria were associated with herpes-group viral infection (herpes simplex and Epstein-Barr). Muscle atrophy and acute renal failure were important complications. No evidence of direct invasion of muscle fibers by virus was found, nor was the severity of myoglobinuria correlated with histologic appearance of muscle. ( Arch Intern Med 138:422-424, 1978)
Neuregulin-1 attenuates mortality associated with experimental cerebral malaria

Cerebral Malaria (CM) is a diffuse encephalopathy caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection. Despite availability of antimalarial drugs, CM-associated mortality remains high at approximately 30% and a subset of survivors develop neurological and cognitive disabilities. While antimalarials are effective at clearing Plasmodium parasites they do little to protect against CM pathophysiology and parasite-induced brain inflammation that leads to seizures, coma and long-term neurological sequelae in CM patients. Thus, there is urgent need to explore therapeutics that can reduce or prevent CM pathogenesis and associated brain inflammation to improve survival. Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a neurotrophic growth factor shown to protect against brain injury associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and neurotoxin exposure. However, this drug has not been tested against CM-associated brain injury. Since CM-associated brain injuries and AIS share similar pathophysiological features, we hypothesized that NRG-1 will reduce or prevent neuroinflammation and brain damage as well as improve survival in mice with late-stage experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). We tested the effects of NRG-1 on ECM-associated brain inflammation and mortality in P. berghei ANKA (PbA)-infected mice and compared to artemether (ARM) treatment; an antimalarial currently used in various combination therapies against malaria. Treatment with ARM (25 mg/kg/day) effectively cleared parasites and reduced mortality in PbA-infected mice by 82%. Remarkably, NRG-1 therapy (1.25 ng/kg/day) significantly improved survival against ECM by 73% despite increase in parasite burden within NRG-1-treated mice. Additionally, NRG-1 therapy reduced systemic and brain pro-inflammatory factors TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-1alpha and CXCL10 and enhanced anti-inflammatory factors, IL-5 and IL-13 while decreasing leukocyte accumulation in brain microvessels. This study suggests that NRG-1 attenuates ECM-associated brain inflammation and injuries and may represent a novel supportive therapy for the management of CM.
A Study of the Blood Picture of Poultry and Its Diagnostic Significance

Abstract THE use of the blood picture as a clinical and diagnostic criterion of pathological states in poultry has received considerable impetus in recent years. The erythrocyte count, hemoglobin index, clotting time, and (to a lesser extent) the differential count have been employed by several investigators who were interested in abnormal nutritional conditions or actual diseases. (Englebreth-Holm, 1933; Cook and Dearstyne, 1934; Dam, 1929, 1930; Harmon, 1936; Scott and Cook, 1936; Forkner, 1929.) As a rule only part of the entire picture has been utilized, for example, hemoglobin index, clotting time, and so forth. In the course of investigations carried on in this laboratory, however, it has become apparent that in order to secure the most satisfactory results the complete picture should be determined, particularly in differential count, since certain metabolic derangements become manifest in a distorted white cell count, whereas the hemoglobin may remain essentially normal. On the other hand, . . .
Organization of brainstem noradrenaline hyperinnervation following neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment in rat

The organization and origin of NA axonal sprouting in individual brainstem nuclei was examined by fluorescence histochemistry and a radioenzymatic assay for noradrenaline (NA) in adult rats which were administered 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as neonates. Significant 2–6 fold increases in NA content were measured in primary sensory nuclei, associational nuclei, somatic motor and visceral cranial nerve nuclei, reticular formation, raphe nuclei, and the inferior olivary complex. Fluorescence histochemical analysis reveals a major increase in the number of fluorescent fibers in most areas of the brainstem after 6-OHDA treatment. The normal pattern of innervation and axon morphology of each nucleus is retained after drug treatment. Bilateral locus coeruleus (LC) lesions in treated animals results in the denervation of only those nuclei which normally receive LC innervation (Levitt and Moore, 1979). The increased number of NA-containing axons in nuclei innervated by the lateral tegmental cell groups (LT) remains intact after LC ablation. The present results indicate that the brainstem NA sprouting following neonatal 6-OHDA administration occurs in a highly specified manner. The brainstem projections of both the LC and LT neuron groups exhibit marked axonal growth which is restricted to their specific brainstem terminal fields and probably occurs in response to the denervation of their respective, more rostral target areas.
One-loop corrections to type IIA string theory in AdS 4 × CP 3

We study various methods for computing the one-loop correction to the energy of classical solutions to type IIA string theory in AdS_4 × CP^3. This involves computing the spectrum of fluctuations and then adding up the fluctuation frequencies. We focus on two classical solutions with support in CP^3: a rotating point-particle and a circular spinning string with two angular momenta equal to J. For each of these solutions, we compute the spectrum of fluctuations using two techniques, known as the algebraic curve approach and the world-sheet approach. If we use the same prescription for adding fluctuation frequencies that was used for type IIB string theory in AdS_5 × S^5, then we find that the world-sheet spectrum gives convergent one-loop corrections but the algebraic curve spectrum gives divergent ones. On the other hand, we find a new summation prescription which gives finite results when applied to both the algebraic curve and world-sheet spectra. Naively, this gives three predictions for the one-loop correction to the spinning string energy (one from the algebraic curve and two from the world-sheet), however we find that in the large - J limit (where J = J /√2π^2⋋),J^(-2n) terms in all three cases agree. We therefore obtain a unique prediction for the one-loop correction to the spinning string energy.
The Evolutionary History of Amino Acid Variations Mediating Increased Resistance of S. aureus Identifies Reversion Mutations in Metabolic Regulators

The evolution of resistance in Staphylococcus aureus occurs rapidly, and in response to all known antimicrobial treatments. Numerous studies of model species describe compensatory roles of mutations in mediating competitive fitness, and there is growing evidence that these mutation types also drive adaptation of S. aureus strains. However, few studies have tracked amino acid changes during the complete evolutionary trajectory of antibiotic adaptation or been able to predict their functional relevance. Here, we have assessed the efficacy of computational methods to predict biological resistance of a collection of clinically known Resistance Associated Mutations (RAMs). We have found that >90% of known RAMs are incorrectly predicted to be functionally neutral by at least one of the prediction methods used. By tracing the evolutionary histories of all of the false negative RAMs, we have discovered that a significant number are reversion mutations to ancestral alleles also carried in the MSSA476 methicillin-sensitive isolate. These genetic reversions are most prevalent in strains following daptomycin treatment and show a tendency to accumulate in biological pathway reactions that are distinct from those accumulating non-reversion mutations. Our studies therefore show that in addition to non-reversion mutations, reversion mutations arise in isolates exposed to new antibiotic treatments. It is possible that acquisition of reversion mutations in the genome may prevent substantial fitness costs during the progression of resistance. Our findings pose an interesting question to be addressed by further clinical studies regarding whether or not these reversion mutations lead to a renewed vulnerability of a vancomycin or daptomycin resistant strain to antibiotics administered at an earlier stage of infection.
Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity

In the oral cavity, endogenous and exogenous pigment deposits reflecting a variety of systemic and local processes may be found. In addition, both benign and malignant lesions can be seen. This article presents the differential diagnosis of and a management approach to pigmentary findings in the oral cavity.
On the representation of backscatter in dynamic localization models

The dynamic localization model is a recently developed method that allows one to compute rather than prescribe the unknown coefficients in a subgrid scale model as a function of position at each time‐step. A realistic subgrid scale model should describe both the direct and reverse (backscatter) energy transfers at the local level. A previously developed dynamic localization model accounted for backscatter by means of a (deterministic) eddy viscosity that could locally assume positive as well as negative values. Here this paper presents an alternative stochastic model of backscatter in the context of the dynamic procedure. A comparative discussion of the merits of stochastic versus deterministic modeling of backscatter is presented. These models are applied to a large eddy simulation of isotropic decaying and forced turbulence. Tests are also performed with versions of the model that do not account for backscatter. The results are compared to experiments and direct numerical simulation. It is shown that th...
Correlated nucleosynthetic isotopic variability in Cr, Sr, Ba, Sm, Nd and Hf in Murchison and QUE 97008

Abstract Acid leaching of the primitive C-chondrite Murchison and O-chondrite QUE 97008 reveal nucleosynthetic anomalies in Cr, Sr, Ba, Nd, Sm and Hf. The anomalies in all but Cr and Sm are best explained by variable additions of pure s-process nuclides to a background nebular composition slightly enriched in r-process isotopes compared to average Solar System material. Leaching leaves a residue in Murchison that is strongly enriched in s-process nuclides with depletions of over 0.1% in 135Ba and seven parts in 10,000 in 84Sr. If there are p-process anomalies in these two elements, they are lost in the variability caused by different r-, s-process contributions to the normalizing isotopes. The concentration and isotope systematics are consistent with the Ba and Sr isotopic composition in the Murchison residue being strongly influenced by s-process-rich presolar SiC. In general, the nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies are 2- to 5-fold smaller in QUE 97008 than in Murchison. The different magnitudes of isotope anomalies are similar to the difference in matrix abundance between CM and O chondrites consistent with the suggestion that the carriers of nucleosynthetically anomalous material preferentially reside in the matrix and that some of this material has been distributed throughout the O-chondrite minerals as a result of thermal metamorphism. Neodymium, Sm and Hf display variable s-, r-process nuclide abundances as in Ba and Sr, but the anomalies are much smaller (e.g. e148Nd, e148Sm = −5.7, 2.1, respectively, in Murchison and −0.43, 0.16, respectively in QUE 97008 residues). After correcting Nd and Sm for s-, r-process variability, Sm in whole rock chondrites shows variable relative abundances of the p-process isotope 144Sm that correlate weakly with 142Nd suggesting that the direct p-process contribution to 142Nd is small (∼7–9%). Nucleosynthetic variability in Nd explains the range in 142Nd/144Nd seen between C and O, E-chondrites, but not the difference between chondrites and all modern Earth rocks, leaving decay of 146Sm and a superchondritic Sm/Nd ratio as the likely explanation for Earth’s high 142Nd/144Nd.
The Circumplex Structure of Affective Social Behavior

The authors extended the circumplex structure of emotion to naturally unfolding affective social behaviors. The emotion circumplex describes the circular spacing of emotions and has been harvested from covariation patterns among emotion words, self-reported emotional experience, and judgments of posed facial expression. The distance between emotions is a func- tion of two orthogonal dimensions referred to as valence and arousal. In the present study, 79 participants' 19 affective social behaviors were coded in each of four dyadic social interactions. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that affective social beha- viors exhibited a circular ordering consistent with a circumplex model. Multidimensional scaling provided evidence for the hypothesized two-dimensional valence and arousal factors. Correlations between circumplex factor scores and two personality measures provided validity evidence for the factors. This research is the first to show that naturally occurring affective social beha- vior conforms to a circumplex structure.
Confidence intervals for nonlinear regression procedures

There is no closed form method for the evaluation of the precision of parameter estimates for nonlinear regression problems. There are, however, a number of approximate methods which require different restrictive assumptions and require different amounts of computer time. While none of these estimates are exactly correct, some provide substantially better results than others. This work discusses some of these methods with specific application to frequency domain fluorescence lifetime measurements. A significant conclusion being that the commonly used asymptotic standard errors do not provide reasonable estimates of the precision of parameter values for nonlinear regression problems.
Employee subjective well-being and physiological functioning: An integrative model:

Research shows that worker subjective well-being influences physiological functioning-an early signal of poor health outcomes. While several theoretical perspectives provide insights on this relationship, the literature lacks an integrative framework explaining the relationship. We develop a conceptual model explaining the link between subjective well-being and physiological functioning in the context of work. Integrating positive psychology and occupational stress perspectives, our model explains the relationship between subjective well-being and physiological functioning as a result of the direct influence of subjective well-being on physiological functioning and of their common relationships with work stress and personal resources, both of which are influenced by job conditions.
The lymphocyte as a marker of past nutritional status: persistence of abnormal lymphocyte deoxyuridine (dU) suppression test and chromosomes in patients with past deficiency of folate and vitamin B12.

In short-term suspension cultures of bone marrow cells or PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from normal subjects, non-radioactive deoxyuridine (dU) suppresses the incorporation of radioactive thymidine ([3H]TdR) or its analogue, [125I]deoxyuridine ([125I]Udr), into DNA. This normal suppression by deoxyuridine (dU) is impaired in both of these cell systems from patients with deficiency of folate or vitamin B12, and corrected by the appropriate vitamin. Patients with megaloblastic anaemia due to deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate were studied before and after treatment. When treatment had returned to normal the bone marrow morphology and the serum and red cell vitamin levels, then the dU suppression test and chromosomal changes in the bone marrow were also corrected. However, the dU suppression test and chromosomal changes remained abnormal in lymphocytes as long as 84 d after therapy. These abnormal lymphocyte dU suppression tests were corrected by the appropriate in vitro additions of folic acid, methylfolate and vitamin B12, depending on the vitamin deficiency present before therapy. These studies suggest that an abnormal lymphocyte dU suppression test corrected by the appropriate vitamin in vitro, and characteristic chromosome abnormalities in lymphocytes, when these are absent in the bone marrow, indicate past deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate. These changes can be used for retrospective diagnosis of these deficiencies in patients treated by ‘shotgun’ therapy. They further support the concepts that circulating unstimulated lymphocytes: (1) do not incorporate appreciable amounts of vitamin B12 or folic acid; (2) reflect the vitamin status of the patient at the time the lymphocytes were generated; and (3) cannot replace bone marrow in dU suppression tests aimed at diagnosis of current marrow and other non-lymphocyte cell line nutrient status. These studies add to the evidence that selective nutrient deficiency may occur in one but not another cell line in the same person, and point to the need for more studies on factors affecting nutrient delivery, uptake, and utilization by various human cell lines. These studies also provide a new approach to evaluation of circulating lymphocyte age.