cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Convenient Preparations of Several N-Nitroso Compounds

Abstract Nitroso compounds are receiving a great deal of attention lately as potential carcinogenic agents and also as carcinostatic agents. There are numerous reports in the current literature that attest to the potent mutagenic and carcinogenic effects produced by a whole host of N-nitroso compounds. Many of these compounds may be found in the environment as pollutants and others may be generated in vivo when the appropriate precursors are consumed. Such may be the case for the compound nitrosocarbaryl (2b), which has been shown to be a powerful mutagenic agent1 and can be produced in acid solution, similiar to that of the stomach's2,3, when sodium nitrite (a common food additive) and carbaryl (1b) (a commonly used pesticide) are combined. Another interesting possibility is that non-mutagenic compounds may be activated to become strong mutagenic agents by the in vivo transfer of the nitroso moiety from some other innocuous nitroso compound that has been previously or concurrently ingested4. It is known ...
In vitro activation and DNA binding affinity of human lymphoid (CEM-C7) cytoplasmic receptors labeled with the antiglucocorticoid RU 38486.

Abstract The data reported here demonstrate that the synthetic steroid RU 38486 functions as an optimal antagonist in the glucocorticoid-sensitive human leukemic cell line CEM-C7. This steroid blocks the ability of the potent agonist triamcinolone acetonide (TA) to induce glutamine synthetase activity and to ultimately cause cell lysis, but when given alone does not exhibit partial agonist activity. Both [ 3 H]RU 38486 and [ 3 H]TA bind with high affinity and specificity to cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors in this cell line. However, under a variety of in vitro conditions (elevated temperature and presence of exogenous ATP), [ 3 H]TA promotes receptor activation more effectively than [ 3 H]RU 38486. This difference in the extent of activation was verified by two independent techniques: DEAE-cellulose chromatography and DNA-cellulose binding. [ 3 H]RU 38486 and [ 3 H]TA dissociate at the same rate from the unactivated receptors but at 25°C (not 0°C) [ 3 H]RU 38486 dissociates slightly more rapidly from the activated receptors. The defective receptors in the glucocorticoid-resistant subclone 3R7 appear to be “activation labile” (rapid dissociation of ligand from activated form) using either tritiated steroid. Once activated in vivo , the CEM-C7 [ 3 H]TA- and [ 3 H]RU 38486-receptor complexes undergo similar nuclear translocation and those activated complexes generated in vitro appear to bind to nonspecific DNA-cellulose with the same relative affinities. Thus the precise mechanism(s) by which RU 38486 exerts its potent antiglucocorticoid effect in this human cell line cannot be easily explained in terms of a defect in one of the crucial steps (specific high affinity binding, activation, translocation, DNA binding) required to elicit a physiological response. However, the data presented here do suggest that when comparing an antagonist and agonist which both bind to receptors with the same relative high affinity, the agonist may be more effective in facilitating the conformational change associated with in vitro activation.
Implications for the child guidance clinic of current trends in mental health planning.

The pressure of the waiting list and the lack of resources have produced a state of emergency for the child guidance clinic. We have seen the development of 57 varieties of the traditional model without developing any clarity on why each previous model was not workable. To resolve underlying problems, this paper presents a “model” of a child mental health center.
School-to-Work Transitions for Youth With Disabilities: A Review of Outcomes and Practices

This review examined employment and postsecondary education outcomes for youth with disabilities leaving secondary schools, as well as studies of educational practices reporting high-quality outcomes. Analytical considerations included the current initiatives in educational reform that emphasize the improvement of career-related outcomes for all students and the inclusion of youth with disabilities in regular classes. While school- and employment-related outcomes for youth with disabilities continue to be problematic when compared with those for nondisabled youth, two educational practices appear to consistently align with higher-quality outcomes for students. The promising practices that merit attention in improving programs and in advancing the knowledge base include school supervised work experiences and functionally oriented curricula in which occupationally specific skills, employability skills, and academic skills are systematically connected for students. The educational reform literature indicates...
A Wide-Band Digital Phase-Locked Looop

A high speed digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) is designed using 0.18..m CMOS process, using a 3.3V power supply. It operates in the frequency range 55MHz — 1.43GHz. A (PFD) phase frequency detector has a zero dead-zone by including delay elements in the Reset path. The current source used in the charge pump makes it insensitive to supply variations and provides ripple-free control voltage for the VCO (voltage controlled oscillator), which provides low jitter and no overshoot in locking transients. A high damping factor of 1.65 is used to keep the PLL stable. Simulation results using CADENCE tools are provided to verify the desired performance.
Results from simulated contact-handled transuranic waste experiments at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant

We conducted in situ experiments with simulated, i.e., nonradioactive, contact-handled trans-uranic (CH TRU) waste drums at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) facility for a period of about four years. We performed these tests in two rooms in rock salt, at WIPP, with drums surrounded by crushed salt or 70 wt. % salt/30 wt. % bentonite clay backfills, or partially submerged in a NaCl brine pool. Air and brine temperatures were maintained at ~40°C. These full-scale (210-L drum) experiments provided in situ data on: backfill material moisture-sorption and physical properties in the presence of brine; waste container corrosion adequacy; and, migration of chemical tracers (nonradioactive actinide and fission product simulants) in the near-field vicinity, all as a function of time. Individual drums, backfill, and brine samples were removed periodically for laboratory evaluations. Waste container testing in the presence of brine and brine-moistened backfill materials served as a severe overtest of long-term conditions that could be anticipated in an actual salt waste repository. We also obtained relevant operational-test emplacement and retrieval experience. All test results are intended to support both the acceptance of actual TRU wastes at the WIPP and performance assessment data needs. We provide an overview and technical data summary focusing on the WIPP CH TRU environmental overtests involving ] 74 waste drums in the presence of backfill materials and the brine pool, with posttest laboratory materials analyses of backfill sorbed-moisture content, CH TRU drum corrosion, tracer migration, and associated test observations.
The prevalence of multilocus lesions in radiation-induced mutants

In L5178Y mouse lymphoblasts, ionizing radiation-induced mutant frequencies were dramatically higher when the genetic marker analyzed was heterozygous (tk[sup +]/tk[sup [minus]]) than when hemizygous (tk[sup +]/tk[sup 0] or hprt[sup +]/hprt[sup 0]). In contrast, base-change mutagens induced similar mutant frequencies at heterozygous and hemizygous loci. These results indicate that the majority of radiation-induced mutants harbor multilocus lesions, and that these mutants are poorly recovered when the target gene is in a hemizygous chromosomal region. Dose-rate dependence of radiation-induced mutant frequency was demonstrated at the heterozygous tk locus but not at the hemizygous hprt locus; in a cell line deficient in the rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), no dose-rate dependence was observed for either locus. The major of TK[sup [minus]/[minus]] mutants, whether spontaneous or induced by X, [alpha]-particle or UV radiation, or by photosensitization, showed loss of the entire active tk allele. The percentage of TK[sup [minus]/[minus]] mutants exhibiting inactivation of galactokinase, encoded by the neighboring gk gene, was high in UV repair-deficient cells exposed to UV radiation and in DNA DSB repair-deficient lines exposed to X radiation. Thus the presence of unrepaired DNA lesions, whether DSBs or pyrimidine dimers, appears to result in an increase in the percentage of mutantsmore » harboring multilocus lesions. 52 refs., 15 figs., 2 tabs.« less
Ten years’ venturing in ZnO nanostructures: from discovery to scientific understanding and to technology applications

Zinc oxide is a unique material that exhibits semiconducting, piezoelectric and pyroelectric multiple properties. Nanostructures of ZnO are equally important as carbon nanotubes and silicon nanowires (NWs) for nanotechnology, and have great potential applications in nano-electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, field emission, light emitting diodes, photocatalysis, nanogenerators, and nanopiezotronics. Ever since the discovery of nanobelts (NBs) in 2001 by my group, a world wide research in ZnO has been kicked off. This review introduces my group’s experience in venturing the discovery, understanding and applications of ZnO NWs and NBs. The aim is to introduce the progress made in my research in the last 10 years in accompany to the huge social advances and economic development taking place in China in the last 10 years.
Experimental cooperative control of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles

Recent years have seen rapidly growing interest in the development of networks of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), as aerial sensor networks for the purpose of coordinated monitoring, surveillance, and rapid emergency response. This has triggered a great deal of research in higher levels of planning and control, including collaborative sensing and exploration, synchronized motion planning, and formation or cooperative control. In this paper, we describe our recently developed experimental testbed at the University of Pennsylvania, which consists of multiple, fixed-wing UAVs. We describe the system architecture, software and hardware components, and overall system integration. We then derive high-fidelity models that are validated with hardware-in-the-loop simulations and actual experiments. Our models are hybrid, capturing not only the physical dynamics of the aircraft, but also the mode switching logic that supervises lower level controllers. We conclude with a description of cooperative control experiments involving two fixed-wing UAVs.
Phenological stages of willow (Salix)

The practice of uniform recording of biological plant growth stages or events has long been practiced in agricultural production. In this study the BBCH (Biologishe Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemical Industry) code has been applied to four precocious species of willows to define growth stages important to this group. The studied taxa represent varieties of potential importance in the Floral Industry. A new BBCH code is proposed where the annual cycle of willows is divided into clearly recognisable and easily distinguishable developmental phases which include eight principal stages, 30 secondary stages and six mesostages. Photographs illustrate the physical appearance of select stages. This proposed BBCH code shows a unified approach which may be applied to a large number of Salix species.
Development of an ASIC macrocell design CAD system

An important factor in bringing a new product to market for a successful ASIC business is the generation of design data related to macrocells, such as graphic symbols, logic simulation models, input-to-output path delays, and timing parameters for the ASIC CAD system so that ASIC customers can begin designing with the new ASIC product. Logic model generation, transition from logic to circuit simulation, circuit design with estimated parasitics, circuit verification of physical layout, and encapsulation of the macrocell design CAD flow are considered. >
Characterizing multiplexing and diversity in visual MIMO

Mobile optical wireless has so far been limited to very short ranges for high data rate systems. It may be feasible to overcome the data rate limitations over large transmission range in optical wireless through camera receivers and light emitting transmitter arrays through a concept what we call “visual MIMO”. In this concept multiple transmit elements of a light emitting array (LEA) are used as transmitters to communicate to the individual pixel elements of the camera which act as multiple receive elements to create the visual MIMO channel. Multiplexing information over parallel data channels albeit be very similar to RF MIMO in concept, the visual MIMO approach dramatically differs in its characterization. In visual MIMO since the received signal is essentially the image of the transmitting element, the perspective distortions in the visual channel dominate over some of the important properties of a RF wireless channel such as distance based attenuation and multipath fading. Some of the prominent perspective distortions include the reduction in the size of the image with distance and skew/rotation in the image due to angular view. Further lens blur (typically due to focus imperfection or jerks while capturing the image) can also significantly depreciate the image quality. In this paper we will detail how MIMO techniques such as multiplexing and diversity are characterized based on the effect of perspective distortions. Based our visual MIMO channel model we will derive the analytical channel capacity of the visual MIMO channel and using the same we illustrate the significance of parameters such as distance, viewing angle and blur in characterizing multiplexing and diversity in visual MIMO.
Visual servoing using non-vector space control theory

Traditional image based visual servoing approaches require feature extraction and tracking during the servoing process. Feature extraction and tracking, however, can be quite difficult in some cases. To eliminate these requirements, this paper presents a visual servoing approach which performs control directly using the intensity information in the image. Considering the image as a set, the approach formulates the servoing problem in the space of sets, which is called non-vector space in this paper. The control theory in this non-vector space is used to formulate the stabilization problem. A controller is designed to stabilize the system around a desired image set. Three types of experiments are carried out on a redundant robotic manipulator to validate the controller. The experimental results verify the correctness of the controller. The approach presented in this paper can be applied to robotic manipulation and navigation.
Augmented surface integral equation

The surface integral equation (SIE) method is one of the most popular numerical methods in computational electromagnetics. It can be used to analyze metallic, homogeneous dielectric, and piecewise homogeneous dielectric problems. Traditional SIEs suffer from the low-frequency breakdown, which appears when the frequency is low or the discretization is very dense. We describe a remedy by adopting the augmentation technique which proves to be successful for the conventional electric field integral equation (EFIE) [1, 2]. In this paper, we present the augmented SIE (ASIE) for a single penetrable object. It can be easily generalized to a problem with multiple objects.
Parahydrogen-enhanced zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance

NMR is typically carried out in strong magnetic fields, but recent technological developments have enabled the development of different methods for creating and detecting nuclear magnetization that do not depend on the use of strong magnets. A study that combines such methods demonstrates now that high-resolution NMR spectra with chemically relevant information can be obtained at zero magnetic field.
DETERMINING THE SUCCESS OF GRANDPARENT EDUCATION

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of a course for grandparents. A sample of 87 consanguineous subjects included 29 grandparents, 29 grandchildren, and 29 of the grandchildren's parents. Twelve class sessions explored how the experiences of growing up and raising children differ from the recent past and attempted to identify corresponding changes required for the older relatives. Each generation was administered the Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory before and after grandparents attended the course. The participants reported perceptions regarding six dimensions of grandparent attitudes and behaviors. Changes in the performance of grandparents were compared using t‐tests. According to the grandparents, the course resulted in increased satisfaction (p < .05), greater success (p < .05) and more effective teaching (p < .05) in family relationships. They reported making gains for 58 out of 60 items. Parents and grandchildren corroborated most of these gains by higher posttest scores...
Barley ( Hordeum vulgare )

Cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare L., is one of the leading experimental organisms in genetic studies of flowering plants. The wide use of this important agricultural crop plant in genetic studies may be attributed to its diploid nature, low chromosome number (2n = 14), world-wide distribution, high degree of self-fertility, ease of hybridization, relatively large chromosomes which allow detection of several kinds of chromosome aberrations, and numerous easily classified hereditary characters. Many of these characters have occurred as mutants after physical- or chemical-mutagen treatments. Since barley is one of the chief models among higher plants for induced-mutation studies, new characters are being added at a considerable rate.
Effects of Labor Support on Mothers, Babies, and Birth Outcomes

Supportive care and childbirth have been connected for all of recorded history. The impact of supportive care on health outcomes, however, has only been investigated over the last few decades. Research provides powerful evidence of improved outcomes for mothers and babies when mothers are supported in labor. These outcomes include, but are not limited to, lower rates of analgesia and anesthesia use, lower operative birth rates, shorter labors, fewer newborns with 5-minute Apgar scores less than 7, increased maternal satisfaction with the birthing process, and much more. Intrapartum nurses must be knowledgeable of the research that is directly related to critical aspects of their care, such as labor support. This article provides an overview of the quantitative research related to the effect of labor support on birth and maternal and fetal outcomes during childbirth. By understanding and applying this research in clinical practice, bedside nurses may improve outcomes and transform intrapartum care.
Accelerating fast Fourier Transform for wideband channelization

Wideband channelization is a compute-intensive task with performance requirements that are arguably greater than what current multi-core CPUs can provide. To date, researchers have used dedicated hardware such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to address the performance-critical aspects of the channelizer. In this work, we assess the viability of the graphics processing unit (GPU) to achieve the necessary performance. In particular, we focus on the fast Fourier Transform (FFT) stage of a wideband channelizer. While there exists previous work for FFT on a NVIDIA GPU, the substantially higher peak floating-point performance of an AMD GPU has been less explored. Thus, we consider three generations of AMD GPUs and provide insight into the optimization of FFT on these platforms. Our architecture-aware approach across three different generations of AMD GPUs outperforms a multithreaded Intel Sandy Bridge CPU with vector extensions by factors of 4.3, 4.9, and 6.6 on the Radeon HD 5870, 6970, and 7970, respectively.
Unwritten ethics: Not just for auditors

The author—dean of a business college—says that the continuing fallout from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has created a new set of unwritten ethical rules. And they are not just for auditors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overlapping Roles of the Rous Sarcoma Virus Gag p10 Domain in Nuclear Export and Virion Core Morphology

Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag polyprotein is an integral step in virus particle assembly. A nuclear export signal (NES) was previously identified within the p10 domain of RSV Gag. Gag mutants containing deletions of the p10 NES or mutations of critical hydrophobic residues at positions 219, 222, 225, or 229 become trapped within the nucleus and exhibit defects in the efficiency of virus particle release. To investigate other potential roles for Gag nuclear trafficking in RSV replication, we created viruses bearing NES mutant Gag proteins. Viruses carrying p10 mutations produced low levels of particles, as anticipated, and those particles that were released were noninfectious. The p10 mutant viruses contained approximately normal amounts of Gag, Gag-Pol, and Env proteins and genomic viral RNA (vRNA), but several major structural defects were found. Thin-section transmission electron microscopy revealed that the mature particles appeared misshapen, while the viral cores were cylindrical, horseshoe-shaped, or fragmented, with some particles containing multiple small, electron-dense aggregates. Immature virus-like particles produced by the expression of Gag proteins bearing p10 mutations were also aberrant, with both spherical and tubular filamentous particles produced. Interestingly, the secondary structure of the encapsidated vRNA was altered; although dimeric vRNA was predominant, there was an additional high-molecular-weight fraction. Together, these results indicate that the p10 NES domain of Gag is critical for virus replication and that it plays overlapping roles required for the nuclear shuttling of Gag and for the maintenance of proper virion core morphology.
The Lung Microstructure

Casting is an old method of studying the circulation of the lung. Leonardo da Vinci filled the heart and great vessels with wax and described the bronchial circulation. Malpighi, the famous Bolognese anatomist and physiologist, injected mercury and other materials into the blood vessels of the lung [27]. In the 19th century, Guillot injected gelatin into the pulmonary and bronchial circulations, and Miller used Wood’s metal to study the alveolar and circulatory structures of the lung [31]. In 1901, Grossner added India ink to gelatin to improve contrast [16]. Schlessinger mixed barium with gelatin to make a radiopaque medium to illustrate lung vascular relationships radiographically [38]. Krahl used vinylite casts of the blood vessels of the lung to show that the branching angles of veins were not as sharp as those of arteries [24].
Minimum attention control

In this paper we consider the question of how to trade-off the complexity of implementing a control law against the performance of the control system. We propose a measure of complexity and formulate optimization problems involving both a measure of the desirability of the trajectories and the difficulty of implementing the control law. By introducing criteria of the type proposed here it is possible to strike a balance between the performance of the system and the difficulty involved in implementing the control. The optimization problems coming from this formulation are similar to those arising in the variational description of fields in physics.
Sexism and Socialization: Another Look

(1979). Sexism and Socialization: Another Look. The Review of Education: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 363-368.
Extragonadal FSH Receptor: Is It Real?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a pituitary gonadotroph-derived heterodimeric glycoprotein that binds G protein-coupled FSH receptors (FSHRs) on ovarian granulosa cells [1–3]. This FSH/FSHR signaling pathway is essential for female fertility because null mice lacking either the FSH ligand [4] or FSHR [5, 6] are sterile as a result of preantral stage block in ovarian folliculogenesis. These FSH ligand/receptor null mice phenocopy women harboring inactivating mutations (homozygous recessive) in corresponding alleles encoding the hormone-specific FSH beta subunit and FSHR [7, 8]. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have documented the cascade of signaling events elicited by FSH binding to FSHRs on granulosa cells [2, 3, 9]. Although the predominant signaling pathway activated by FSH is cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of PKA and CREB, activation of other signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, has also been identified [8, 10]. Interestingly, several FSHR isoforms are expressed in ovary (presumably on granulosa cells of preantral follicles) prior to the well-known FSH actions during early folliculogenesis [11–14]. However, the functional significance of these FSHR isoforms is unknown. Although the classical prevailing view is that pituitary-derived FSH acts on ovarian granulosa cells in the female, emerging evidence suggests FSH may exert physiological effects on extragonadal tissues and organs as well. A series of studies document that FSH acts on osteoclasts by activating FSHRs via a nonclassical pathway and regulates bone mass in mice [15–19]. Consistent with this, women carrying a polymorphism in FSHR resulting in hyperactivation of FSHRs are more prone to bone loss [20]. However, FSH actions on bone osteoclasts remain controversial [21, 22]. Moreover, FSH actions on monocytes [23, 24] and human umbilical vein endothelial cells [25] and expression of FSHRs on endothelial cells of the tumor vasculature [26] have been reported. In a recent issue of Biology of Reproduction (BOR), Stilley and colleagues present their remarkable findings on FSHR expression in the human female reproductive tract and developing placenta and feto-placental defects in an Fshr mutant mouse model [27].
Address/memory management for a gigantic LISP environment or, GC considered harmful

The possibility of incredibly cheap, fantastically large media for storage gives rise to a realistic LISP memory management scheme under which GC may be postponed for days, or even indefinitely; the idea is encapsulated in the acronym "DDI" --- "GC? Don't Do It!". Tertiary memory is used to archive pages of the LISP environment which are perhaps reclaimable. but which have not been proven so; whereas the standard technique of "paging" is used to swap active data from the main memory to a secondary store such as magnetic disk. Some scenarios are presented considering a variety of currently-available technologies, and of one speculative possibility --- videodisc --- by which a requisite compactifying GC would be done "overnight", or over the weekend. With enough tertiary available, one design could last for over 12 years without a GC. "Write-once" memories, probably unusable for most applications, would not be at a disadvantage here.
Advanced generating technologies: motivation and selection process in electric utilities

The constant search by electric utilities for advanced methods for generating electricity to meet future demand is discussed. The primary goal is to generate electricity with minimum damage to the environment and to use resources that are abundant. The evaluation of the role of these technologies in the future utility system, considering both quantifiable and nonquantifiable benefits and risks, is discussed from the perspective of the utility planning process. >
SMTp: An Architecture for Next-generation Scalable Multi-threading

We introduce the SMTp architecture-an SMT processoraugmented with a coherence protocol thread context,that together with a standard integrated memory controllercan enable the design of (among other possibilities) scalablecache-coherent hardware distributed shared memory(DSM) machines from commodity nodes. We describe theminor changes needed to a conventional out-of-order multi-threadedcore to realize SMTp, discussing issues related toboth deadlock avoidance and performance. We then compareSMTp performance to that of various conventionalDSM machines with normal SMT processors both with andwithout integrated memory controllers. On configurationsfrom 1 to 32 nodes, with 1 to 4 application threads pernode, we find that SMTp delivers performance comparableto, and sometimes better than, machines with more complexintegrated DSM-specific memory controllers. Our resultsalso show that the protocol thread has extremely lowpipeline overhead. Given the simplicity and the flexibility ofthe SMTp mechanism, we argue that next-generation multi-threadedprocessors with integrated memory controllersshould adopt this mechanism as a way of building less complexhigh-performance DSM multiprocessors.
Rural to Urban Migration as a Household Decision: Evidence from Kenya

A simple intertemporal expected-utility model for the household is developed to explore the determinants of split and family migration. Split migration occurs when the household head moves from a rural to an urban area first and the rest of the family remains behind to join him later. Family migration occurs when the household moves together. The validity of the theoretical model is tested using data from Kenya. The findings support the predictions of the theoretical model; specifically the results suggest that a large number of dependents may increase the likelihood of split migration. (authors)
WATER SOLUBLE POLYMERS FOR BIOSENSING

, and electronic and photonic devices. 9-11 Conjugated polymers serve well as indicators for certain biological molecules because they have a low detection limit due to the polymer's collective properties that arise from the size of the polymer compared to small chemosensors. Recently water-soluble conjugated polymers have attracted much attention because of their applications in chemical sensors and biosensors. In general, they are synthesized by the incorporation of polar functional groups such as carboxyl groups, anionic sulfonates, phosphonates and quaternary ammonium salts onto the polymer side-chain 15-24 . In particular, poly(p- phenylenevinylene) (PPV) derivatives with sulfonate side chains and their photoluminescence quenching efficiencies in the presence of cationic biological molecules have been investigated extensively 14,25-27 . The present project investigated the synthesis of four thiophene related polymers of polythiophene and thiophene incorporated poly(para phenylene) type structures. (Figure 1) The key characteristics of two structures, P2 and P4, are the functionalized quaternary amine groups at the ends of the side chains, which were to make the polymers soluble in water. The new polymers were characterized by means of GPC, 1 H and UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Next, the response of their optical properties was used to test the sensitivity towards the two acidic amino acids, Glutamic and Aspartic Acid. 28
Protecting children from all forms of violence.

David Finkelhor and Patricia Lannen make an excellent and long-overdue contribution to the subject of international strategies to combat child abuse and neglect (CAN). The literature on international economic and social development has, for decades, been dominated by legitimate concerns for macro-economic progress in low-income and resource-poor countries and related issues of health, education, population dynamics, and nutrition. Larger multinational and bilateral assistance programs, including those of the World Bank and various U.N. agencies, have only in recent years begun to address issues that reach beyond survival, physical well-being, and schooling in the “Global South.” Protecting children from all forms of violence, including abuse and neglect, is a relative newcomer to the world of international development cooperation. It is arguable that the very terms international development and cooperation are ill-applied to child protection, violence, abuse, and neglect. These are truly global phenomena and are thus not limited to southern countries. Although poverty and inequity are factors in CAN, neither wealth nor equity alone necessarily lead to positive protection outcomes for children. Indeed, one point addressed only superficially in Finkelhor's and Lannen's article is that protecting children from violence, abuse, and neglect requires social change research and practice. That is to say, much of what happens to children in the sphere of protection, or lack thereof, is socially determined. The economic development paradigm that shrouds – for better or worse – conversation about and support for efforts that prevent harm to children and respond to those affected is not particularly helpful. In this regard, Finkelhor and Lannen offer some meaningful suggestions to get beyond this paradigmatic divide. Among other important points the authors make, they question the transferability of successful models for protection children.... Language: en
Challenging heteronormativity: Recontextualizing references to members of gay male and lesbian couples

Because gay male and lesbian couples have broken from the heteronormative binary of cross-sex relationships, it is necessary to examine the conversational practices used by gay men and lesbians to refer to members of same-sex couples. While gay and lesbian couples use typical reference terms for romantic partners, I contend that this use challenges heteronormative language assumptions because these conversationalists apply the terms lover, partner, and boyfriend/girlfriend to reference co-couple members of same-sex couples, not cross-sex couples. They recontextualize terms normatively associated with reference to cross-sex romantic partners. I used conversation analysis to examine the data, which includes transcriptions of video and audio recordings of gay male and lesbian couples interacting in home environments. The findings suggest that reference terms are recontextualized beyond their heteronormative boundaries.
Complete Genome Sequence of Arthrobacter sp. ATCC 21022, a Host for Bacteriophage Discovery.

ABSTRACT We report the complete genome sequence of Arthrobacter sp. ATCC 21022, a strain maintained by ATCC and a commonly used host for bacteriophage isolation and genomic analysis. The strain is prophage-free and CRISPR-free but codes for two predicted restriction-modification systems.
One of the foremost experiments of the twentieth century: Stanley Miller and the origin of prebiotic chemistry

Stanley Miller is best known for his classic 1953 experiment on organic compound synthesis on the early Earth in the context of the origins of life. However, he did several other experiments that are lesser known and in some cases never published. The finding in 2007 that Miller had archived dried solutions from his 1950s experiments offered the opportunity to analyse the products of his early experiments using modern day state-of-the-art techniques. These results along with Miller’s results, have provided an inventory of the large variety of compounds, that include amino acids, amines, simple peptides, hydroxy acids, simple hydrocarbons and 1urea, that can be synthesized under simulated early Earth conditions.
Incorporating Cultural Sensitivity into Interactive Entertainment-Education for Diabetes Self-Management Designed for Hispanic Audiences

Diabetes self-management education can improve outcomes in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, Hispanics, a group that carries a large burden of disease, may not participate in diabetes education programs. Audience engagement with entertainment-education has been associated with improved health education outcomes and may engage and empower Hispanic users to active self-care. Successful use of entertainment-education relies on the use of characters and situations with whom the viewers can feel some sense of involvement and for Hispanic audiences is encouraged when storylines and characters are culturally sensitive. In this study, we used a mixed methods approach that included descriptive statistics of closed-ended and content analysis of open-ended questions to measure the cultural sensitivity of the telenovela portion of a novel technology-based application called Sugar, Heart, and Life (SHL). Specifically, we analyzed the responses of 123 male and female patients diagnosed with uncontrolled T2DM to determine viewer involvement with characters and situations in the telenovela, viewer perceived self-efficacy in following recommendations, as well as viewer satisfaction with the program. Our findings indicate that the SHL application achieved its goal of creating a user-friendly program that depicted realistic, culturally sensitive characters and storylines that resonated with Hispanic audiences and ultimately fostered perceived self-efficacy related to following recommendations given about healthy lifestyle changes for diabetes self-management. These findings suggest that the SHL application is a culturally sensitive health education intervention for use by Hispanic male and female individuals that may empower them in self-management of T2DM.
Study and Application of Power Communication Equipment Maintenance Effection Business Analysis

Equipment maintenance is daily work of power communication,the effection of equipment maintenance for electrical production and operation is focus problem of operation and maintenance personnel.For analyzing business of equipment maintenance effection,this paper introduces an analyzing method of SDH line protection based on undirected graph and adjacency matrix.Through analyzing protection mechanism of power communication,this paper introduces the basic steps of maintenance effection business analysis.At the end,it realizes the analyzing system which has been applied.
Cost analysis for procedure comparisons.

Using the methodology of activity-based costing as a conceptual framework, the authors present the potential cost reduction of a new office routine and a medical procedure. The costs of a new instrument for colorectal cancer screening and a new surveying and follow-up of at-risk patients show that time and relevant costs in the G.I Clinic and G.I Endoscopy Lab were significantly reduced.
FRACTURE PROPAGATION PROPENSITY OF CERAMIC LINERS DURING IMPINGEMENT-SUBLUXATION: A Finite Element Exploration

Although improvements in materials engineering have greatly reduced fracture rates in ceramic femoral heads, concerns still exist for liners. Ceramics are vulnerable to fracture due to impact and from stress concentrations (point and line loading) such as those associated with impingement-subluxation. Thus, ceramic cup fracture propensity is presumably very sensitive to surgical cup positioning. A novel fracture mechanics finite element formulation was developed to identify cup orientations most susceptible to liner fracture propagation for several impingement-prone patient maneuvers. Other factors being equal, increased cup inclination and increased anteversion were found to elevate fracture risk. Squatting, stooping, and leaning shoe-tie maneuvers were associated with the highest fracture risk. These results suggest that fracture risk can be reduced by surgeons' decreasing cup abduction and by patients' avoiding of specific activities.
Generation and Applications of MADM-Based Mouse Genetic Mosaic System

Genetic mosaics describe organisms that contain cells with distinct genotypes related to somatic transposition, mitotic recombination, or genomic aberrations. Most, if not all, human cancers are genetic mosaics because cancer cells bear mutations that are absent in normal cells within the same body. While naturally occurring mutant cells in genetic mosaic animals are difficult to track down, a genetically engineered mosaic mouse model termed MADM (Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers) enables one to perform phenotypic analysis of mutant cells at single-cell resolution in vivo. While cancer modeling is the most obvious application, MADM is also highly suitable for studying developmental biology, neuroscience, and regenerative biology problems to investigate clonal contributions. Here we describe the construction of the MADM model on a specific chromosome through ES cell-based targeting of MADM cassettes into a pair of homologous chromosomes. We also detail procedures to verify the labeling efficiency of the newly established MADM model. Finally, we explain the breeding schemes and analytical principles that enable using MADM for in vivo phenotypic analysis at single-cell resolution.
The Topology of the α, β Subunits of the Gastric H/K ATPase

Knowledge of the secondary structure of the gastric H/K ATPase,a P type transport ATPase, allows deductions as to the ion transport pathway across the membrane spanning domain of the large, 1033 amino acid catalytic a subunit and as to the site of interaction between the smaller, glycosylated, s subunit and the or subunit. The structure of this region of the enzyme also allows us to understand the molecular basis for inhibition of acid secretion by acid pump inhibitors, such as the substituted benzimidazoles and the K+ competitive type of H/K ATPase inhibitor.
Overt leukemic phase: an unusual presentation of angioimmunoblastic lymphoma

Peripheral blood dissemination has been described in various types of B- and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The likelihood of leukemic dissemination differs according to the type of lymphoma. In some cases, a leukemic phase may be the only presentation of the underlying lymphoma and hence careful examination of the peripheral blood smear may suggest a clue to the underlying disease process. However, leukemic dissemination is usually not a feature of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). We describe a case of a 64-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with overt peripheral blood involvement by AITL.
Borders, boundaries, horizons and Quemoy in an asymmetric world

The diversity of borderland realities makes the necessity of general conceptualization particularly challenging. An interrelated conceptual triad is proposed and then applied to the experience of Quemoy Island (金门, Kinmen, Jinmen) from 1895 to the present. All borderlands are places in which contact is shaped by a standing and distinctive disparity, and the boundaries that both define and split the area create the rules of border gaming and the larger contingencies influencing border identities. Whether a village, a region, or a state is treated as a borderland – in other words, the horizons of focus – is determined by the analyst but on the basis of the realities of venue and governance. In Quemoy and most other border situations, asymmetries of power, resources, and capabilities provide an uneven ground for interactions and therefore shape the realities and perceptions of contact.
“McDonaldization” and constructive conflict: Negotiation amidst systemic and technological advancements

Negotiators attempting to make deals and resolve conflicts within or between organizations must first attempt to determine if negotiation is an authorized and productive option. In this paper we explore the tension between organizational routines that attempt to limit conflict and negotiation, and the possible organizational benefits of authorizing or facilitating constructive conflict. Organizations generally develop routines that balance a desire for efficiency with the need to create perceptions of fairness and justice. Efficiency measures yield rationalized processes that tend to limit conflict, but also limit the opportunity to negotiate for a just outcome. Bureaucratic procedures and precedents come to replace idiosyncratic and tailored solutions. However, organizational efforts at continuous improvement and strategic differentiation rely on organizational creativity and openness to the collaborative problem solving that can characterize some negotiations. Recommendations are offered for negotiators and for organizations.
Marriage and mortality after noncardiac surgery.

Abstract Background Marriage is linked to substantial societal and economic benefits, and it has been associated with improved outcomes following acute illness. However, it is not known if being married confers benefit to patients undergoing noncardiac surgical procedures. Materials and methods Patients undergoing any noncardiac surgical procedure were included over a period of 19 months. All-cause mortality at 2 years was determined by linking patient records to the National Death Index. Risk adjustment was performed using Cox modeling and the Cleveland Clinic risk stratification index. Results Of the 11,588 patients included, 7830 (68.0%) were married at the time of surgery. There was a significant interaction between sex and marital status ( P = 0.03), so the remainder of the analysis was performed separately by sex. Among men, not being married was associated with significantly worse survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.63), whereas among women, there was no significant association between marital status and survival (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.77, 1.15). Furthermore, divorced men (HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.51) and never married men (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.05) had significantly worse survival than married men, whereas there was no significant difference between widowed men and married men, nor when comparing widowed, divorced, or never married women to married women. Conclusions Among a diverse group of surgical patients, being married at the time of surgery is associated with significantly improved survival only among men. Focused efforts to improve social support for unmarried male patients may improve outcomes.
Regulating Autonomous Systems: Beyond Standards

Autonomous systems are on the verge of widespread use, but there are significant challenges to ensuring their safe and appropriate development, deployment, and application. The authors argue that autonomous systems cannot, in general, be regulated using traditional performance standards. They contend that these systems should instead be evaluated by a staged, iterative regulatory approach similar to that for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. This article outlines some features of such a system.
Advanced pancreas and hepatobiliary (PHB) cancer patients’ impressions regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

e20586 Background: Most cancer patients desire information about medical options at the end of life, including CPR. Such communication is part of advance care planning (ACP). Our prior studies with...