cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interpretive Analysis for Forage Yield Trial Data

Forage cultivar evaluation is often done in small plots with multiple harvests throughout the growing season. Data is often summarized by presenting a yearly total yield for each cultivar in addition to the mean for each harvest date. Data summarization often becomes burdensome and difficult to interpret. regressing yield against a growth index associated with harvest dates can be utilized to describe forage performance in a concise and easily interpreted format. Subsets of data from tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) yield trials conducted in Alabama and Kentucky were used to demonstrate the technique (...)
Inferences based on multiple skipped correlations

Abstract Skipped correlations are measures of association based on the data left after outliers are removed. Using a projection-type multivariate outlier detection technique, a method for testing the hypothesis of a zero skipped correlation has been found that performs well in simulations when dealing with bivariate data. However, an obvious extension of the method to p -variate data, p >2, fails to control the familywise error rate (the probability of at least one Type I error) under nonnormality. A modification of the method, based in part on Spearman's correlation, is found to be more satisfactory.
Cognitive Underpinnings of Narrative Attachment Assessment

Traditional story completion methods used to examine attachment representations in childhood draw heavily on socially significant content and clinical judgment. Using these methods with 37-month-olds, Bretherton, Ridgeway, and Cassidy (1990) found that attachment security scored from story completions were related to a wide range of secure base, personality, intellectual, and family variables. We examined story completions from 24 of Bretherton et al.'s (1990) subjects who had also produced story completions at 54 months, but scored passage length (idea units) and scriptedness. Results captured much of the attachment-related variance associated with the traditional scoring, but had better discriminant validity vis-a-vis general developmental level. These results indicate that analysis of cognitive variables underlying conventional scoring can advance understanding of attachment representations and their relations to the organization and content of attachment-related narratives.
Planet formation processes revealed by meteorites

The history of the solar system is locked within the planets, asteroids and other objects that orbit the Sun. While remote observations of these celestial bodies are essential for understanding planetary processes, much of the geological and geochemical information regarding solar system heritage comes directly from the study of rocks and other materials originating from them. The diversity of materials available for study from planetary bodies largely comes from meteorites; fragments of rock that fall through Earth's atmosphere after impact-extraction from their parent planet or asteroid. These extra-terrestrial objects are fundamental scientific materials, providing information on past conditions within planets, and on their surfaces, and revealing the timing of key events that affected a planet's evolution. Meteorites can be sub-divided into four main groups: (1) chondrites, which are unmelted and variably metamorphosed ‘cosmic sediments’ composed of particles that made up the early solar nebula; (2) achondrites, which represent predominantly silicate materials from asteroids and planets that have partially to fully melted, from a broadly chondritic initial composition; (3) iron meteorites, which represent Fe-Ni samples from the cores of asteroids and planetesimals; and (4) stony-iron meteorites such as pallasites and mesosiderites, which are mixtures of metal and dominantly basaltic materials. Meteorite studies are rapidly expanding our understanding of how the solar system formed and when and how key events such as planetary accretion and differentiation occurred. Together with a burgeoning collection of classified meteorites, these scientific advances herald an unprecedented period of further scientific challenges and discoveries, an exciting prospect for understanding our origins.
Design and Analysis of a Warpage Measurement System to Simulate Convective Reflow

In this research, a warpage measurement system to simulate forced convective reflow is designed and developed. In order to design a system to simulate forced convective reflow, the system should be capable of heating a PWB at an average rate of 2 °C/second. This paper will present PWB heating rate results produced by modifying a laboratory oven to enable it to simulate forced convective reflow. The initial modification of the current forced convective reflow oven failed to achieve the desired PWB heating rate. Therefore, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was carried out to determine which critical oven parameters could be modified to produce the desired PWB heating rates. The parameters that were chosen for this study were oven system volume, heater surface area and heater power. The CFD model was used to perform a design of simulations (DOS), and regression was used to analyze the DOS results. The regression results will be used to make recommendations on how to improve the PWB heating rate of the forced convective reflow system.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Helix Packing of the Cardiac Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger: PROXIMITY OF TRANSMEMBRANE SEGMENTS 1, 2, AND 6

The cardiac Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) is a membrane protein that extrudes Ca2+ from cells using the energy of the Na+ gradient and is a key protein in regulating intracellular Ca2+ and contractility. Based on the current topological model, NCX1 consists of nine transmembrane segments (TMSs). The N-terminal five TMSs are separated from the C-terminal four TMSs by a large intracellular loop. Cysteine 768 is modeled to be in TMS 6 close to the intracellular surface. In this study, the proximity of TMS 6 to TMSs 1 and 2 was examined. Insect High Five cells were transfected with cDNAs encoding mutant NCX1 proteins. Each mutant contained cysteine 768 and an introduced cysteine in TMS 1 or 2. Cross-linking between cysteines was determined after reaction with thiol-specific cross-linkers containing spacer arms of 6.5-12 A. The data indicate that residues in TMSs 1 and 2 are close to cysteine 768 in TMS 6. Cysteine 768 cross-linked with residues at both ends of TMSs 1 and 2 and is likely located toward the middle of TMS 6. Based on these results, we present an expanded helix-packing model for NCX1.
Fundamental treatment of molecular-dynamics ensembles

In microcanonical molecular dynamics the conservation of total momentum implies that the trajectories generate an ensemble with constant total momentum. We present the exact statistical mechanics of this microcanonical molecular dynamics ensemble. Using the adiabatic invariant phase volume to define the entropy, exact formulas, containing thermodynamic response functions, are derived for the microcanonical molecular dynamics ensemble and a numerical comparison of these formulas is made with fluctuation formulas which are valid in the thermodynamic limit and often used in molecular dynamics. No significant difference is found between the results calculated using the different formulas for a system of 432 particles; however, for simulations with small numbers of particles or small-cluster studies, the differences could be important.
Method for Sizing Forage Cell Wall Particles

Abstract A method was developed to separate and describe cell wall particles by size from ground, chopped (
Evaluation of cefoxitin prophylaxis for cesarean section.

Abstract Prophylactic cefoxitin was evaluated in 101 patients undergoing cesarean section. A three-dose regimen of either cefoxitin or placebo was administered randomly in a double-blind manner, 46 patients receiving cefoxitin and 55 placebo, with the first dose given after the cord was clamped. In the placebo group, 29% of the patients developed pelvic or wound infection, compared to 4% in the cefoxitin group (P
Improved method for measuring and assessing reticle pinhole defects for the 100-nm lithography node

With the approach of the 100nm-lithography node, an accurate and reliable method of measuring reticle pinhole defects becomes necessary to assess the capabilities of high-end reticle inspection equipment. The current measurement method of programmed defect pinholes consists of using a SEM. While this method is repeatable, it does not reliably represent the true nature of a pinhole. Earlier studies have suggested that since the SEM images only a top down view of the pinhole, the measurement does not accurately account for edge wall angle and partial filling which both reduce pinhole transmission and subsequent printability. Since wafer lithography and reticle inspection tools use transmitted illumination, pinhole detection performance based on SEM measurements is often erroneous. In this study, a pinhole test reticle was manufactured to further characterize the capabilities of a transmission method to measure pinholes.
Changes in nitrate reductase protein during loss and gain of nitrate reductase activity in Chlorella vulgaris

Abstract Nitrate reductase (NADH) (NADH: nitrate oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.6.1) in Chlorella vulgaris exists, in vivo, in at least two forms. One is active, and the other, a reversibly inactived form, accumulates when nitrate assimilation is inhibited. This inactive form converts, in vivo, to the active form under other culture conditions which promote nitrate metabolism. This inactive form can also be activated in vitro by oxidation with reagents such as ferricyanide. The only inactive form which is characterized is a cyanide complex of the reduced enzyme that also can be formed in vitro. The possibility of other inactive forms has been suggested, but none has been reported. In the present study, active and ferricyanide-activatable nitrate reductase activities were determined in crude extracts from cells grown under very different conditions. Nitrate reductase protein in these extracts was determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Conditions which lower the level of active and activatable nitrate reductase activites concomitantly lower nitrate reductase protein. Similarly, when total activities increase, there is a corresponding increase in nitrate reductase protein. Since all changes in nitrate reductase activity may be accounted for by corresponding changes in nitrate reductase protein, the cyanide complex of nitrate reductase is the only major inactive form of nitrate reductase in Chlorella .
Clinical/pathologic features and patient outcome in early onset endometrial carcinoma: a population based analysis and an institutional perspective from the Detroit metropolitan area, Michigan.

Abstract Objective Analyze tumor characteristics and outcomes in patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC) Methods 10,700 patients (305 patients Results MDCSS based analysis: Patients Conclusion This study supports the hypothesis of a disease that is biologically and genetically heterogeneous among women of different ages and ethnicities.
Efficient Coflow Scheduling Without Prior Knowledge

Inter-coflow scheduling improves application-level communication performance in data-parallel clusters. However, existing efficient schedulers require a priori coflow information and ignore cluster dynamics like pipelining, task failures, and speculative executions, which limit their applicability. Schedulers without prior knowledge compromise on performance to avoid head-of-line blocking. In this paper, we present Aalo that strikes a balance and efficiently schedules coflows without prior knowledge. Aalo employs Discretized Coflow-Aware Least-Attained Service (D-CLAS) to separate coflows into a small number of priority queues based on how much they have already sent across the cluster. By performing prioritization across queues and by scheduling coflows in the FIFO order within each queue, Aalo's non-clairvoyant scheduler reduces coflow completion times while guaranteeing starvation freedom. EC2 deployments and trace-driven simulations show that communication stages complete 1.93X faster on average and 3.59X faster at the 95th percentile using Aalo in comparison to per-flow mechanisms. Aalo's performance is comparable to that of solutions using prior knowledge, and Aalo outperforms them in presence of cluster dynamics.
Interface development and encapsulation in simultaneous coinjection molding. I. Two-dimensional modeling and formulation

In the coinjection-molding process two polymers are injected into a mold sequentially or simultaneously. During the process one polymer melt forms the skin and the other forms the core, resulting in an encapsulated sandwich structure. In an attempt to develop a process model and simulation of simultaneous coinjection molding, along with the interface treatment a theoretical approach, physical model, and numerical algorithm were formulated based on the Hele–Shaw approximation. A detailed picture of the dynamics and kinematics of the interface evolution, providing a description of the multilayer flow and interface development during the multicomponent injection-molding process, information typically lacking in the available literature, is systematically presented. Based on the developed numerical simulation code, the moldability of various material combinations can be evaluated, which is required for process optimization. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2300–2309, 2003
The power of people: social capital’s role in recovery from the 1995 Kobe earthquake

Despite the regularity of disasters, social science has only begun to generate replicable knowledge about the factors which facilitate post-crisis recovery. Building on the broad variation in recovery rates within disaster-affected cities, I investigate the ability of Kobe’s nine wards to repopulate after the 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan. This article uses case studies of neighborhoods in Kobe alongside new time-series, cross-sectional data set to test five variables thought to influence recovery along with the relatively untested factor of social capital. Controlling for damage, population density, economic conditions, inequality and other variables thought important in past research, social capital proves to be the strongest and most robust predictor of population recovery after catastrophe. This has important implications both for public policies focused on reconstruction and for social science more generally.
Acidification of weaner pig diets: A review

The potential of diet acidification to overcome the digestive insufficiency and postweaning lag in early weaned pigs is examined in the review. A survey of published data on various types of acidifiers reveal considerable variation in response to acidification of weaner diets. Several reasons may be proposed to explain the inconsistencies in response, these include differences in diet type, age of pigs, type and level of acidifier, and existing performance levels. Reducing the gastric pH does not appear to be the primary effect of acidifiers. Acidification, however, consistently suppressed pathogenic coliforms in the gastrointestinal tract. Future developments in the use of acidifiers would be intrinsically linked to the understanding of their mode(s) of action in the animal.
Role of Glutathione Peroxidase 1 in Breast Cancer Loss of Heterozygosity and Allelic Differences in the Response to Selenium

A role for allelic variation within the gene for the antioxidant selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) in the risk or etiology of breast cancer was investigated. By analyzing the frequency of a polymorphism within the GPx-1 gene resulting in a leucine or proline at codon 198, it was determined that the leucine-containing allele was more frequently associated with breast cancer than the proline-containing allele (odds ratio = 1.9; P < 0.05). However, the heterozygosity index for this polymorphism was lower in the breast cancer samples. To determine whether this was because of the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) during tumor development, another polymorphic marker within GPx-1, which is frequently heterozygous in the human population, was analyzed. These studies indicated that LOH at this locus is a frequent event, occurring in approximately 36% of the breast tumor DNAs analyzed. The consequences of the identity of the amino acid at position 198 were investigated by engineering breast carcinoma cells that exclusively express either the leucine- or proline-containing GPx-1 allele and studying the response to increasing concentrations of selenium. These studies indicated that the leucine-containing allele was less responsive to the stimulation of GPx-1 enzyme activity observed during selenium supplementation than the allele differing only by a proline at that position. These studies support a role for GPx-1 allelic identity and LOH as factors of significance to breast cancer development.
Hitting the wall: errors in developing and debugging a "simple" spreadsheet model

Undergraduate MIS business students developed and debugged a spreadsheet model from a word problem. This model consisted of a bid to build a wall. The problem was designed to be relatively simple and domain-free to address the concern that past spreadsheet experiments may have used problems that were too difficult or that required domain knowledge that subjects did not have. During the development phase, 72 subjects created the spreadsheet model. Even with this rather simple problem, 38% of the models contained an error. This high number of incorrect spreadsheets was not due to subjects making many errors. They only made 0.4 errors per spreadsheet. In addition, their cell error rate (CER) was only 1.7%, meaning that only 1.7% of their cells contained errors. Unfortunately, spreadsheets tend to have long cascades of cells leading to the bottom line. This means that even tiny cell error rates will multiply into high rates of bottom-line errors. In a debugging phase, subjects tried to debug their own models. Of 19 subjects with incorrect models who did the debugging part of the experiment, only three (16%) found and corrected their errors. So even with a relatively simple model, development and debugging were problematic. This is a fewer rate of finding errors than (Galletta et al., 1993; 1996) found when subjects debugged models created by the experimenter. This may mean that people are not as good at debugging their own models as they are at debugging models created by others.
A functional IFN-γ-inducible protein-10/CXCL10-specific receptor expressed by epithelial and endothelial cells that is neither CXCR3 nor glycosaminoglycan

Interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10)/CXCL10 is a CXC chemokine that attracts T lymphocytes and NK cells through activation of CXCR3, the only chemokine receptor identified to date that binds IP-10/CXCL10. We have found that several nonhemopoietic cell types, including epithelial and endothelial cells, have abundant levels of a receptor that binds IP-10/CXCL10 with a Kd of 1–6 nM. Surprisingly, these cells expressed no detectable CXCR3 mRNA. Furthermore, no cell surface expression of CXCR3 was detectable by flow cytometry, and the binding of 125I-labeled IP-10/CXCL10 to these cells was not competed by the other high affinity ligands for CXCR3, monokine induced by IFN-γ/CXCL9, and I-TAC/CXCL11. Although IP-10/CXCL10 binds to cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG), the receptor expressed by these cells is not GAG, since the affinity of IP-10/CXCL10 for this receptor is much higher than it is for GAG, its binding is not competed by platelet factor 4/CXCL4, and it is present on cells that are genetically incapable of synthesizing GAG. Furthermore, in contrast to IP-10/CXCL10 binding to GAG, IP-10/CXCL10 binding to these cells induces new gene expression and chemotaxis, indicating the ability of this receptor to transduce a signal. These high affinity IP-10/CXCL10-specific receptors on epithelial cells may be involved in cell migration and, perhaps, in the spread of metastatic cells as they exit from the vasculature. (All of the lung cancer cells we examined also expressed CXCR4, which has been shown to play a role in breast cancer metastasis.) CXCR3-negative endothelial cells may also use this receptor to mediate the angiostatic activity of IP-10/CXCL10, which is also expressed by these cells in an autocrine manner.
Expression of a bean acid phosphatase cDNA is correlated with disease resistance

A cDNA clone, designated Hra28 (for hypersensitive reaction associated), was identified corresponding to an RNA transcript that accumulates in bean during the hypersensitive reaction. The Hra28 cDNA is 1084 nucleotides in length and is predicted to encode an acid phosphatase of 264 amino acids. Northern analysis demonstrated that the Hra28 transcript accumulated differentially in response to bacteria which induce a hypersensitive response (HR), a bacterium which causes disease, and a Hrp mutant which does not elicit an HR or cause disease. In contrast, the Hra28 transcript did not accumulate in response to wounding. Thus, the Hra28 gene is induced by multiple stimuli and appears to be regulated in a complex manner.
Axisymmetric Flows and Slender Body Theories

Axisymmetric flows are needed to analyze flow over bodies of revolution. Extensions to bodies of revolution with fins (missiles) or slender wings (low aspect ratio) are also possible, using perturbations of axisymmetric flows. In this chapter, it is natural to use cylindrical coordinates. After the derivation of the governing equations at different Mach number regimes (subsonic, supersonic, transonic), lift and drag are calculated for standard shapes.
The Clinical Use of Hemoglobin A1c

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has been accepted as an index of glycemic control since the mid-1970s and is the best marker for diabetic microvascular complications. Clinically, it is now used to assess glycemic control in people with diabetes. Assays are most reliable when certified by the National Hemoglobin Standardization Program but are subject to confounders and effect modifiers, particularly in the setting of hematologic abnormalities. Other measures of chronic glycemic control—fructosamine and 1,5-anhydroglucitol—are far less widely used. The relationship of HbA1c to average blood glucose was intensively studied recently, and it has been proposed that this conversion can be used to report an “estimated average glucose, eAG” in milligrams/deciliter or millimolar units rather than as per cent glycated hemoglobin. Finally, HbA1c has been proposed as a useful method of screening for and diagnosing diabetes.
A joint estimation approach for two-tone image deblurring by blind deconvolution

A new statistical method is proposed for deblurring two-tone images, i.e., images with two unknown grey levels, that are blurred by an unknown linear filter. The key idea of the proposed method is to adjust a deblurring filter until its output becomes two tone. Two optimization criteria are proposed for the adjustment of the deblurring filter. A three-step iterative algorithm (TSIA) is also proposed to minimize the criteria. It is proven mathematically that by minimizing either of the criteria, the original (nonblurred) image, along with the blur filter, will be recovered uniquely (only with possible scale/shift ambiguities) at high SNR. The recovery is guaranteed not only for i.i.d. images but also for correlated and nonstationary images. It does not require a priori knowledge of the statistical parameters or the tone values of the original image; neither does it require a priori knowledge of the phase or other special information (e.g., FIR, symmetry, nonnegativity, etc.) about the blur filter. Numerical experiments are carried out to test the method on synthetic and real images.
High speed motor drive development for industrial applications

This paper discusses the different steps involved in the development process of high-speed motor drives for industrial applications to successfully bring them from paper designs to fully functional devices. Two motor drive technologies are discussed as an example from SatCon's wide expertise in this arena: permanent magnet (PM); and induction machine drives.
Photonically assisted arbitrary millimeter waveform generation

We present cycle-by-cycle generation of broadband burst and continuous millimeter waveforms through a direct space-to-time optical pulse shaping technique. We generate arbitrarily phase- and frequency-modulated waveforms through fast optical-to-electrical conversion of tailored optical pulse sequences.
Fear of Success and Women Employees

Fear of success in 214 male and female employees was tested utilizing an objective, self-report measure. Higher fear of success in females was not supported. However, significant differences were found in terms of age, ethnic background, pay levels, and years with the organization. Results indicate that the focus of future research should be on important workrelated variables which may provide more illumination than simplistic sex stereotyping in terms of "fear of success." Suggesting that women as a group suffer higher fear of success than men, given research evidence to date, is unwarranted. It seems likely and logical that success, a difficult term to define and one which is probably unique to each of us, is affected by a host of areas in our work environment, not just a fear of success. Past studies have identified many of the relevant variables, some of which were used in this study. Fear of success, while highly popular, is unable at its present stage of development to contribute much to the underst...
Uncertainty Handling in Expert Systems: Uniform vs. Task-Specific Formalisms

The debate on uncertainty has conflated a number of significant issues. These have to do with classical probability theory, normative decision theories, theories of human uncertainty handling, and the design of expert systems. We doubt that “uncertainty handling” is a fundamental “natural kind” of intelligent activity, but the belief that it is has led to attempts to devise normative formalisms which are useful for all problems. In our view uncertainty handling is particularized for the type of problem solving. This means that we need formalisms which work well for each generic problem solving task and a framework for judging the usefulness of formalisms for particular problem solving tasks. We propose such a framework and give a formalism for uncertainty handling in classification problem solving.
Purification of LC/GC-MS based biomolecular expression profiles using a topic model

Liquid (or gas) chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/GC-MS) allows quantitative comparison of biomolecular abundance in clinical samples to help with the discovery of candidate biomarkers for complex diseases such as cancer. A fundamental challenge in quantitation of biomolecules for cancer biomarker discovery is owing to the heterogeneous nature of clinical samples. Various contaminations from related disease tissues or adjacent non-cancerous constituents in a sample confound the characterization of molecular expression profiles and thus hinder the discovery of reliable biomarkers. This issue has been raised and discussed in analysis of microarray and RNA-seq data in cancer genomics studies. To the best of our knowledge, the issue has not yet been rigorously addressed in analyzing LC/GC-MS data that are generated in a variety of omic studies including proteomics and metabolomics. Purification of LC/GC-MS based biomolecular expression profiles is highly desired prior to subsequent analysis, e.g., quantitative comparison of the abundance of biomolecules in clinical samples. In this study, we applied a topic model to computationally deconvolute each of LC/GC-MS based cancer expression profiles and infer the underlying sample-specific pure cancer profiles. We demonstrated the capability of the model in capturing mixture proportions of contaminants and cancer profiles on a synthetic LC-MS dataset. Improved performances were also achieved on experimental LC-MS based serum proteomic and GC-MS based tissue metabolomic datasets acquired from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Second Order Frechet Differential of Quasiconcave Monotone Normalized Functionals

The theory of mean-variance based portfolio selection is a cornerstone of modern asset management. It rests on the assumption that rational investors choose among risky assets purely on the basis of expected return and risk, with risk measured as variance. The aim of this paper is to provide a foundation to such assumption in a general context of decision under uncertainty.
Ultra High Speed Bacteriorhodopsin Photodetectors

Photodetectors can be made that contain bacteriorhodopsin (BR) as the photoactive material. These photodetectors consist of dried oriented purple membrane sheets of BR sandwiched between transparent electrodes. The oriented BR layer is made by electrodeposition from a solution of purple membrane in distilled water. The photoresponse is due to a very rapid light-induced polarization of the sample. Experiments indicate that the rapid polarization induces a photovoltage with a rise time in the picosecond time domain. An experiment can be devised to allow the ultrafast photoresponse of these BR based photodetectors to be measured.
Prevention of stress-induced weight loss by third ventricle CRF receptor antagonist.

We previously reported that rats exposed to repeated restraint (3 h/day for 3 days) experience temporary hypophagia and a sustained reduction in body weight compared with nonrestrained controls. St...
Oxygen stoichiometry in Sr 3 Mn 2 O 7-δ : A Raman scattering investigation

Polycrystalline Sr{sub 3}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 6.5} and Sr{sub 3}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} layered manganites were studied at room temperature using Raman spectroscopy. While the phonon spectrum of the stoichiometric Sr{sub 3}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} sample is consistent with the group theoretical analysis for the 14/mmm structure, additional features are observed in the phonon spectrum of the oxygen deficient Sr{sub 3}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 6.5} sample. Based on an analysis of the temperature dependence of the Raman spectrum of Sr{sub 3}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 6.5} and a comparison with the Raman spectrum of La{sub 0.4}Sr{sub 2.6}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7-{delta}} ({delta}=0.0 and 0.35), we conclude that the 'extra' modes should be viewed as disorder induced Raman scattering.
Detailed Mission Level Modeling and Simulation Framework Utilizing the Unified System for Automation and Robot Simulation for Micro Autonomous Systems and Technologies

Army Research Laboratory sponsored project Micro Autonomous Systems and Technologies seeks to develop new technologies to enhance the warfighter's small unit tactical situational awareness in complex terrain. The development consists of multifunctional, autonomous and collaborative microsystem swarms. Over the course of this paper a methodology for modeling and simulating these technologies within a mission, effectively, efficiently, and viably is developed. The choice of the analysis environment will be presented and defended for the task. Whenever possible, physical models of subsystems are included to ground simulation in reality. Metrics to define a system’s performance as mission effective are developed. A robotic system simulation platform, the Unified System for Automation and Robot Simulation, is utilized to simulate a jungle reconnaissance mission performed by autonomous flying vehicles working collaboratively from beginning to end. The primary design study is in technology impact forecasting. Vehicle characteristics such as weight and power consumption are varied from current level to future technology levels. Results are in the form of fundamental and emergent trends linking vehicle, swarm, and technology characteristics to mission effectiveness.
Anxiety among adolescent survivors of pediatric cancer: A missing link in the survivorship literature.

OBJECTIVE With growing numbers of pediatric cancer survivors, it is becoming increasingly important to investigate the psychosocial sequelae of surviving cancer diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. It is particularly important to study the psychosocial needs of adolescent survivors of pediatric cancer because adolescence is a critical time during psychosocial development. Although there is existent literature about the general psychosocial adjustment of this population, the literature regarding anxiety is scant. This brief review aimed to assesses currently available literature that addresses anxiety in adolescent cancer survivors. METHOD Articles assessing psychosocial adjustment in adolescent survivors of pediatric cancer were reviewed for information regarding anxiety symptoms. RESULTS To the authors' knowledge, there is no literature that focuses specifically on anxiety in this population. However, many articles reported results that indicated the possibility of increased anxiety in this group. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS It is critical to further investigate anxiety in this group and develop appropriate interventions if necessary. Doing so will aid the process of enhancing psychosocial care for adolescent cancer survivors.
Have Tobacco 21 Laws Come of Age

Recent research has shown that laws raising the minimum age for purchase of tobacco products to 21 are effective, enjoy very high levels of public support, and have minimal economic impact in the short term. The time seems right for federal adoption of this approach.
Whole cycle symptom abstract and fault diagnosis based on the wavelet packet decomposition

To detect the gas leaking fault of the diesel engine valve,with the ameliorated arithmetic of the wavelet packet decomposition,the vibration signals of the diesel engine cylinder lid in a whole working cycle was analyzed and the whole cycle symptom of vibration diagnosis from the decomposition coefficients picked up.It is shown from the chart of the whole cycle eigenvectors that the energy of the low frequency parts is weaker but that of the high frequency parts is stronger in gas-leaking state than in normal state.Therefore,the fault identification is realized,and the effectiveness and feasibility of this method is clearly manifested.
Analysis on the Diversity of DNA Fingerprinting of the Example Varieties Used for the Test of Rice New Varieties

Using the 24 SSR markers recommended by "Sector Standard of Agriculture(NY /1433-2077) ",this study analyzed the DNA fingerprint and genetic diversity of the 49 rice varieties(the example varieties listed in"Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability(DUS) Test Guideline for Rice New Varieties"). The results showed that 141 and 156 alleles could be amplified by the 24 SSR primers in 19 indica rice varieties and 30 japonica rice varieties respectively,meaning each pair of primers could amplify 5. 88 alleles(indica rice) and 6. 50 alleles(japonica rice).The average shannon' s diversity indexes of the 24 SSR primers were 1. 5141(1. 0406-1. 9959) and 1. 4389(0. 4677-2. 4503) for indica and japonica group respectively. Based on the results of cluster analysis,the similarity coefficient of varieties within indica and japonica rice group were 0. 45-0. 81 and 0. 36-0. 76 respectively,and 19 varieties of indica rice and 30 varieties of japonica rice could be sorted into 16 sets and 28 sets respectively using similarity coeffecient of 0. 72 as threshold. Thus,the genetic diversity of the 49 rice varieties was rich. Based on the consideration of cluster analysis of morphological characteristics(previous results) and genetic diversity,the number of example varieties used in Rice DUS test could be reduced from 49 to 46.
Corneal infiltrates associated with disposable extended wear soft contact lenses: a report of nine cases.

We report nine cases of corneal infiltrate associated with superficial ulceration in patients wearing Acuvue R disposable extended wear contact lenses
Arthroplasty of the Hip and Knee in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract The primary reason for total hip and total knee replacement in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is marked functional impairment. Secondary reasons are severe disabling pain and deformity. By the time a patient is ready for arthroplasty, alternatives to surgery have already been considered; synovectomies, soft-tissue releases, and osteotomies have already been performed, or the destructive process is too advanced for any form of therapy to have a considerable effect.
'Everything has to die one day:' children’s explorations of the meanings of death in human-animal-nature relationships

Children’s experiences of death are a potentially vital component of their developing sense of relatedness to non-human others and nature. Environmental education theory and practice would benefit from a broader understanding of how children view death and loss within ecological systems as well as within human–animal–nature relationships, but such research is currently lacking. This paper focuses on children’s own descriptions of the deaths of companion animals – a largely ignored category of non-human others in environmental education – and explores three emergent, ecological themes. These themes indicate that death experiences within the home space are significant in ecological learning.
A summer temperature bias in early alcohol thermometers

This paper analyses the response of alcohol thermometers in relation to the departure from linearity and the choice of the calibration points. The result is that alcohol thermometers are affected by large departures that reach a maximum (i.e. −6 °C) at 50 °C ambient temperature. This may have caused a severe bias in early records, when alcohol thermometers were popular, especially during the Little Ice Age. Choosing a lower temperature for the upper point, calibration may substantially reduce this bias. Examples are given with thermometers in use in the 17th and 18th centuries. A careful correction of long series is necessary to avoid misleading climate interpretations.
A model for psychotherapy with the good-prognosis cancer patient. Conducted at a time when the patient is amenable to change.

Abstract Based on previous work with other crisis-intervention patients, the authors describe their integrated system of psychotherapy for initialstage, good-prognosis cancer patients. The therapy model includes psychotherapeutic and educational components. In good-prognosis patients many unresolved conflicts become amenable to psychotherapy. In patients whose cancer recurs, the system is intended to offer them and their families a means of coping with the disease.
First Nuclear Reactions

The discovery by Rutherford in 1919 that \(\alpha \)-particles could induce nuclear reactions and transform isotopes and elements opened up the possibility to produce new isotopes in the laboratory. However, only after the discovery of the neutron by Chadwick in 1932 was the nucleus understood in terms of consisting of neutrons and protons. The chapter describes the discovery of radioactive isotopes in the 1930s produced with neutron and \(\alpha \) sources as well as with the first accelerators. The complicated history of the discovery of fission is also included.
Understanding the Role of Erythrocyte Adenosine Deaminase in the Ribosomopathies

Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is congenital bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by red cell aplasia and a predisposition to cancer. It was the first disease linked to ribosomal dysfunction with 70% of patients having haploinsufficiency of a ribosomal protein (RP) gene with RPS19 being the most frequently mutated. The 5q- syndrome is a subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) also characterized by a severe anemia that is caused by heterozygous loss of RPS14 on chromosome 5q. These patients also have a predisposition to cancer. The reciprocal relationship between these two diseases, which are now collectively known as the ribosomopathies, has spurred interest in how we may be able to better understand the pathophysiology of these ribosomopathies to broaden therapeutic options, and to improve diagnosis. Erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (eADA) levels have been used for last three decades in the diagnosis of Diamond Blackfan anemia based on the finding in 1983 that eADA enzyme levels are significantly elevated in patients with DBA. It is now known the eADA levels are elevated in >75% of patients with DBA. Furthermore, it has a sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 95% and positive and negative predictive values of 91% for the diagnosis of DBA compared with other inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Our goal was to study the levels of eADA in patients with the 5q- syndrome to determine whether they were elevated (suggesting that eADA may be specific to ribosomal haploinsufficiency in general) or normal (suggesting that eADA may be specific to DBA). Under a Stanford approved IRB, we are testing adult patients with the 5q syndrome who have not been transfused in the previous 3 months (which would affect the results of the test) and who have a confirmed deletion of the 5q- region by cytogenetics. To date, all of the 4 MDS samples, sent to us from collaborating hematologists, have had a normal eADA level. These findings suggest that elevation of eADA may be specific to DBA and not a general feature of ribosomal haploinsufficiency although our sample size is small and we plan to test additional samples. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Round 2: What Does Textile and Apparel Interdisciplinary Research and Education Look Like in the 21st Century?

The majority of the session was dedicated to discussing five key Grand Challenges that the Sedona Group had previously identified. The five Grand Challenges were: (a) environmental sustainability (climate change, preservation, resource utilization, etc.) led by Linda Welters; (b) social sustainability (Corporate social responsibility, community development, poverty, etc.) led by Dee Knight; (c) health and well-being (obesity, mental health, body image, quality of life, disruptive technology, etc.) led by Nancy Rudd; (d) shifts in demographics (aging, immigration, diversity, etc.) led by Andrew Reiley; and (e) inequality (in gender, ethnicity, education, wealth, etc.) led by Minjeong Kim. Karen LaBat and Jung Ha-Brookshire led the group discussion using Art of Hosting (or Art of Participatory Leadership) techniques.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS): New Therapies

Novel therapies of peripheral nerve stimulation are being considered with new interest. As clinicians and researchers better understand the technique’s method of action, the number of potential indications for this neuromodulatory technique will increase, and the generalizability of this technique will expand.
Wallfahrtsorte als Marken: Place Branding durch Volksfrömmigkeit in einer postsäkularen Gesellschaft

Vielleicht zahlen Wallfahrtsorte zu den altesten Beispielen fur gesteuertes Place Branding, jedenfalls sind sie heute immer noch ein interessantes Lehrbeispiel fur dieses Thema, weil sie im Vergleich zu Stadten und Regionen durch eine geringe Komplexitat und Funktionalitat kennzeichnet sind. Sie sind zudem kleinraumiger dimensioniert und besetzen meist ganz konkrete Positionen der Volksfrommigkeit. Damit erscheint die Ubertragbarkeit des Branding-Konzeptes einfacher als bei anderen urbanen oder ruralen Standorten. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht der vorliegende Aufsatz der Frage nach, wie die Volksfrommigkeit heute noch zum Place Branding von Wallfahrtsorten beitragen kann.
Diffusion-advection within dynamic biological gaps driven by structural motion

To study the significance of advection in the transport of solutes, or particles, within thin biological gaps (channels), we examine theoretically the process driven by stochastic fluid flow caused by random thermal structural motion, and we compare it with transport via diffusion. The model geometry chosen resembles the synaptic cleft; this choice is motivated by the cleft's readily modeled structure, which allows for well-defined mechanical and physical features that control the advection process. Our analysis defines a Peclet-like number, A^{D}, that quantifies the ratio of time scales of advection versus diffusion. Another parameter, A^{M}, is also defined by the analysis that quantifies the full potential extent of advection in the absence of diffusion. These parameters provide a clear and compact description of the interplay among the well-defined structural, geometric, and physical properties vis-a[over ]-vis the advection versus diffusion process. For example, it is found that A^{D}∼1/R^{2}, where R is the cleft diameter and hence diffusion distance. This curious, and perhaps unexpected, result follows from the dependence of structural motion that drives fluid flow on R. A^{M}, on the other hand, is directly related (essentially proportional to) the energetic input into structural motion, and thereby to fluid flow, as well as to the mechanical stiffness of the cleftlike structure. Our model analysis thus provides unambiguous insight into the prospect of competition of advection versus diffusion within biological gaplike structures. The importance of the random, versus a regular, nature of structural motion and of the resulting transient nature of advection under random motion is made clear in our analysis. Further, by quantifying the effects of geometric and physical properties on the competition between advection and diffusion, our results clearly demonstrate the important role that metabolic energy (ATP) plays in this competitive process.
∆E/∆E Measurements of Energetic Ions Using CVD Diamond Detectors

Experimental and computational results of a ΔE/ΔE diamond detection system are presented. The ΔE/ΔE detection system was evaluated using energetic proton and iron beams striking thick polyethylene targets at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The measured data for diamond sensor A show good agreement with the Geant4 simulation. In addition, simulations have demonstrated the ability to identify hydrogen isotopes using a diamond detection system.
ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ACOUSTIC VELOCITIES IN TISSUE FROM THEIR TIME-OF-FLIGHT PROFILES.

Two-dimensional distributions of acoustic velocities were measured in transverse sections through intact isolated organs, using reconstruction techniques. Profiles of time-of-flight (TOF) of 10 MHz pulses through the specimen were obtained by rectilinearly scanning two opposing transducers along either side of the specimen in the plane of interest. The received pulses were digitized at a rate of one 8-bit sample-per-10 nanosec, for 512 samples and were analyzed with a computer algorithm which calculated the TOF of the pulse to within ± 10 nanosec. Typically, 256 measurements of TOF were made in each profile scan for each of 37 angles of view separated by 5°, TOF’s through tissue, normalized by TOF through water, were used to calculate velocity within the specimen, using an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART), Images obtained represented acoustic velocities in individual cross sections within the tissue specimen with a resolution of 64 by 64 elements (< 2 mm square), The disadvantage of TOF reconstruction is that transmission scanning is required. Advantages over B- and C-scan imaging are: 1) dynamic changes in gain of receiver are not required, 2) attenuation occurs on only one traversal through tissue, and 3) the absolute value of an important acoustic parameter (velocity) is determined, which may have significant diagnostic value.