cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
POLLEN ANALYSES OF SURFACE MATERIALS AND LAKE SEDIMENTS FROM THE CHUSKA MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO

Pollen analyses of 40 samples of duff and other surface materials from the major forest associations in the Chuska Mountains, New Mexico, show that a reasonably close correspondence exists between modern pollen rain and vegetation. This provides the basis for interpreting pollen diagrams for sediments from three lakes on the mountain crest at about 9000 feet elevation. The top 15–30 cm of black mud show pollen percentages much like those for the surface samples on the mountain crest; the black mud represents the Holocene. The underlying gray sediment shows pollen spectra (high Artemisia, high Picea) not matched by any surface samples in the Chuska Mountains but resembling those from above the tree line in the San Juan Mountains 125 miles to the northeast. The inferred Pleistocene age for these sediments is confirmed by three C-14 dates.
Vanadate increases glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene expression: a novel mechanism for potentiation of a steroid receptor.

Transition metal oxyanions, such as molybdate, tungstate and vandadate, have been shown to prevent in vitro hormone-induced activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by blocking dissociation of the GR/heat shock protein heterocomplex. In this work, we report a novel effect of vanadate: in vivo potentiation of GR-mediated gene expression. In cells stably-transfected with complex (mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)) or minimal GR-regulated CAT reporters, treatment with 500M vanadate caused CAT gene expression to dramatically increase, even at saturating concentrations of dexamethasone; while no such effect was seen in response to RU486 antagonist. Similar treatment with molybdate had no effect on GR activity, suggesting that the response to vanadate was not a general property of transition metal oxyanions. Treatment with vanadate after hormone-induced nuclear translocation of the GR also caused potentiation, demonstrating that vanadate was acting on a post-transformation event, perhaps by affecting the transactivation function of DNA-bound GR. Paradoxically, vanadate caused an apparent but temporary “loss” of GR protein immediately after treatment (as measured by loss of reactivity to BuGR2 antibody and of hormone-binding capacity) that returned to normal at approximately 8 h post-treatment, suggesting that potentiation of GR transactivation function (as measured by our CAT assays) was probably occurring during the later stages (8–24 h) of this assay. However, gel shift analyses revealed that vanadate could induce binding of the hormone-free GR to glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-containing oligonucleotides immediately after treatment. Thus, the rapid vanadate-induced “loss” of GR was not due to degradation of GR protein. Yet, vanadate in the absence of hormone had no effect on CAT reporter expression, demonstrating that this form of the GR still requires agonist for its enhanced transcriptional activity. As an indication of the potential mechanism of vanadate action, vanadate was found to dramatically stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases, ERK-1 and ERK-2. In addition, vanadate potentiation of GR reporter gene expression was completely blocked by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A. Taken as a whole, our results suggest that vanadate can have dramatic and complex effects on GR structure and function, resulting in hormone-free activation of GR DNA-binding function, as well as alterations to the BuGR2 epitope and hormone-binding domains—while at the same time stimulating tyrosine phosphorylation pathways controlling GR-mediated gene transcription. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Compressing Inverted File Index Using Mixed Delta/Flat Binary Code

By clustering d-gaps of an inverted list strictly based on a threshold, and then encoding clustered and non-clustered d-gaps using different methods, we can tailor to the specific properties of different d-gaps and achieve better compression ratio. Based on this idea, in this paper we propose a cluster based mixed approach for inverted file index compression: mixed delta/flat binary code. Experiment results show that the new coding scheme achieves better performance in terms of compression ratio comparing to interpolative code which is considered as one of the most efficient bitwise codes at present. Besides, the new code has much lower complexity comparing to interpolative code and therefore enable faster encoding and decoding.
Effects of sample standardization on mean species detectabilities and estimates of relative differences in species richness among assemblages.

Abstract: Ecological surveys provide the basic information needed to estimate differences in species richness among assemblages. Comparable estimates of the differences in richness between assemblages require equal mean species detectabilities across assemblages. However, mean species detectabilities are often unknown, typically low, and potentially different from one assemblage to another. As a result, inferences regarding differences in species richness among assemblages can be biased. We evaluated how well three methods used to produce comparable estimates of species richness achieved equal mean species detectabilities across diverse assemblages: rarefaction, statistical estimators, and standardization of sampling effort on mean taxonomic similarity among replicate samples (MRS). We used simulated assemblages to mimic a wide range of species‐occurrence distributions and species richness to compare the performance of these three methods. Inferences regarding differences in species richness based on rare...
Patient Admission Preferences and Perceptions

Author(s): Nishijima, Daniel K; Wu, Clayton; Melnikow, Joy; Dinh, Tu; Holmes, James F.; Gaona, Samuel D.; Bottyan, Thomas; Paterniti, Debora | Abstract: Introduction: Understanding patient perceptions and preferences of hospital care is important to improve patients’ hospitalization experiences and satisfaction. The objective of this study was to investigate patient preferences and perceptions of hospital care, specifically differences between intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital floor admissions.Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of emergency department (ED) patients who were presented with a hypothetical scenario of a patient with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). We surveyed their preferences and perceptions of hospital care related to this scenario. A closed-ended questionnaire provided quantitative data on patient preferences and perceptions of hospital care and an open-ended questionnaire evaluated factors that may not have been captured with the closed-ended questionnaire.Results: Out of 302 study patients, the ability for family and friends to visit (83%), nurse availability (80%), and physician availability (79%) were the factors most commonly rated “very important,” while the cost of hospitalization (62%) and length of hospitalization (59%) were the factors least commonly rated “very important.” When asked to choose between the ICU and the floor if they were the patient in the scenario, 33 patients (10.9%) choose the ICU, 133 chose the floor (44.0%), and 136 (45.0%) had no preference.Conclusion: Based on a hypothetical scenario of mild TBI, the majority of patients preferred admission to the floor or had no preference compared to admission to the ICU. Humanistic factors such as the availability of doctors and nurses and the ability to interact with family appear to have a greater priority than systematic factors of hospitalization, such as length and cost of hospitalization or length of time in the ED waiting for an in-patient bed.
Analyzing Two-Way Tables

The count regression models of Chapter 5 are general enough to be applied in situations where predictors are categorical, which leads to data in the form of tables of counts, or contingency tables. Despite this, it is worthwhile to examine such tables as a separate topic, as the tabular structure can lead to useful insights into appropriate models and modeling strategies. In this chapter we focus on two-way tables, starting with the simplest situation, tables with two rows and two columns.
Modification of response functions of cat visual cortical cells by spatially congruent perturbing stimuli.

Responses of cat striate cortical cells to a drifting sinusoidal grating were modified by the superimposition of a second, perturbing grating (PG) that did not excite the cell when presented alone. One consequence of the presence of a PG was a shift in the tuning curves. The orientation tuning of all 41 cells exposed to a PG and the spatial frequency tuning of 83% of the 23 cells exposed to a PG showed statistically significant dislocations of both the response function peak and center of mass from their single grating values. As found in earlier reports, the presence of PGs suppressed responsiveness. However, reductions measured at the single grating optimum orientation or spatial frequency were on average 1.3 times greater than the suppression found at the peak of the response function modified by the presence of the PG. Much of the loss in response seen at the single grating optimum is thus a result of a shift in the tuning function rather than outright suppression. On average orientation shifts were repulsive and proportional (∼0.10 deg/deg) to the angle between the perturbing stimulus and the optimum single grating orientation. Shifts in the spatial frequency response function were both attractive and repulsive, resulting in an overall average of zero. For both simple and complex cells, PGs generally broadened orientation response function bandwidths. Similarly, complex cell spatial frequency response function bandwidths broadened. Simple cell spatial frequency response functions usually did not change, and those that did broadened only 4% on average. These data support the hypothesis that additional sinusoidal components in compound stimuli retune cells' response functions for orientation and spatial frequency.
Transcriptome data analysis for cell culture processes.

In the past decade, DNA microarrays have fundamentally changed the way we study complex biological systems. By measuring the expression levels of thousands of transcripts, the paradigm of studying organisms has shifted from focusing on the local phenomena of a few genes to surveying the whole genome. DNA microarrays are used in a variety of ways, from simple comparisons between two samples to more intricate time-series studies. With the large number of genes being studied, the dimensionality of the problem is inevitably high. The analysis of microarray data thus requires specific approaches. In the case of time-series microarray studies, data analysis is further complicated by the correlation between successive time points in a series.
Charge Type, Charge Spacing, and Hydrophobicity of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides Dictate Gene Transfection

Noncovalent complexation of plasmid DNA (pDNA) with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) forms relatively large complexes with poor gene expression. Yet, condensing these CPP-pDNA complexes via addition of calcium chloride produces small and stable nanoparticles with high levels of gene expression. This simple formulation offered high transfection efficiency and negligible cytotoxicity in HEK-293 (a virus-immortalized kidney cell) and A549 (a human lung cancer cell line). Small changes in CPP charge type, charge spacing, and hydrophobicity were studied by using five arginine-rich CPPs: the well-known hydrophilic polyarginine R9 peptide, a hydrophilic RH9 peptide, and three amphiphilic peptides (RA9, RL9, and RW9) with charge distributions that favor membrane penetration. R9 and RW9 nanoparticles were significantly more effective than the other CPPs under most formulation conditions. However, these CPPs exhibit large differences in membrane penetration potential. Maximum transfection resulted from an appropria...
Chance-constrained consistency for Probabilistic Temporal Plan Networks

Unmanned deep-sea and planetary vehicles operate in highly uncertain environments. Autonomous agents often are not adopted in these domains due to the risk of mission failure, and loss of vehicles. Prior work on contingent plan execution addresses this issue by placing bounds on uncertain variables and by providing consistency guarantees for a 'worst-case' analysis, which tends to be too conservative for real-world applications. In this work, we unify features from trajectory optimization through risk-sensitive execution methods and high-level, contingent plan execution in order to extend existing guarantees of consistency for conditional plans to a chance-constrained setting. The result is a set of efficient algorithms for computing plan execution policies with explicit bounds on the risk of failure. To accomplish this, we introduce Probabilistic Temporal Plan Network (pTPN), which improve previous formulations, by incorporating probabilistic uncertainty and chance-constraints into the plan representation. We then introduce a novel method to the chance-constrained strong consistency problem, by leveraging a conflict-directed approach that searches for an execution policy that maximizes reward while meeting the risk constraint. Experimental results indicate that our approach for computing strongly consistent policies has an average scalability gain of about one order of magnitude, when compared to current methods based on chronological search.
Plasmonic interactions through chemical bonds of surface ligands on PbSe nanocrystals

When functional films are cast from colloidal dispersions of semiconductor nanocrystals, the length and structure of the ligands capping their surfaces determine the electronic coupling between the nanocrystals. Long chain oleic acid ligands on the surface of IV–VI semiconductor nanocrystals such as PbSe are typically considered to be insulating. Consequently, these ligands are either removed or replaced with short ones to bring the nanocrystals closer to each other for increased electronic coupling. Herein, using high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy, we show that partial oxidation of PbSe nanocrystals forms conjugated double bonds within the oleic ligands, which then facilitates enhanced plasmonic interaction among the nanocrystals. The changes in the geometric configurations of the ligands are imaged directly and correlated with the changes in the surface plasmon intensities as they oxidize and undergo structural ...
The use of electromagnetic casting for AI alloys and other metals

Electromagnetic casting is used within the aluminum industry to cast approximately two million ton per year of metal. It is a semicontinuous casting operation where the metal is solidified without contacting a mold. Consequently, the surface of the ingot does not have the imperfections that mar the surface of ingots cast using other technologies. This paper reviews the development of the technology and examines the fundamental phenomena governing the operation of the caster and the structure of the ingots cast.
Integrin-Mediated Fibroblast Adhesion Strength: Role of the β1 Subunit

Cell-substratum adhesion is important in wound healing [4], embryogenic development [11], tissue architecture [6], and metastasis [7]. Integrins constitute a major class of heterodimeric cell-surface glycoproteins involved in receptor-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Focal contacts are regions of the cell-substratum adhesion in which clusters of integrin receptors connect the cytoskeleton to extracellular matrix molecules such as fibronectin. Focal contacts strengthen cell-substrate adhesion, and are sites of biochemical activity. Since cell adhesion strength in part depends on the cell’s ability to cluster receptors and cytoskeleton into focal contacts, the integrity of the focal contact, and hence a cell’s adhesive strength, will depend both on integrin-cytoskeletal binding as well as integrin-ligand binding. Using a centrifugation assay, we have quantified cell-substratum adhesion strength of mouse 3T3 cells transfected with the avian β1 integrin receptor (wild type), including various deletion mutants of its cytoplasmic domain, to surfaces containing varying concentrations of CSAT, a monoclonal antibody against the extracellular domain of the avian β1 subunit. For all the transfectants, adhesion strength decreases with decreasing CSAT concentration and increasing centrifugal strength. Different truncations of the cytoplasmic domain lead to different levels of adhesion. There is no simple correlation between the length of the cytoplasmic domain and the strength of adhesion.
Reflected seismic waves and their effect on strong shaking during the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake

Our data indicate that critical and postcritical reflections from crustal layers and the Moho produced increased shaking at discrete distances along the San Francisco Peninsula during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. These reflections may have produced an increase in amplitude that is as much as 10 times greater than that of the direct arrival. Peak amplitude-distance patterns measured from explosive sources, synthetic seismograms, aftershocks, and the mainshock of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake indicate that (1) point sources, such as explosions, produce similar peak amplitude-distance relations as distributed, double-couple sources when the crustal structure is approximately a Poisson solid; (2) peak amplitudes from smaller point sources (explosions) may be scaled to those of larger sources (earthquakes); and (3) reflections caused a pattern of high amplitudes at specific distances along the San Francisco Peninsula that geographically correlates with areas of reported damage following from the Loma Prieta mainshock. Our study indicates that critical and postcritical reflections were stronger influences on the locations of strong shaking than local geology because a number of sites around the San Francisco Bay that are underlain by unconsolidated sediments experienced much less shaking than sites that were underlain by hard rock. Furthermore, some severely shaken hard-rock sites were farther from the epicenter than many of the less severely shaken “soft-sediment” sites. Models of the regional crustal structure and seismic-wave propagation paths may be useful in identifying sites around the San Francisco Bay region that are at risk due to reflected seismic energy, and this type of analysis may be useful in other seismically active regions.
Misconceptions about (the End of) Internationalisation

In 2011, I wrote two essays, which can be seen as capitalizing on the start of my professorship in Internationalisation of Higher Education at the School of Economics and Management of the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences in 2009.
Estimation information bounds using the I-MMSE formula and Gaussian mixture models

We derive a method to bound the mutual information between a noisy and noiseless measurement exploiting the I-MMSE estimation and information theory connection. Modeling the source distribution as a Gaussian mixture model, a closed form expression for upper and lower bounds of the minimum mean square error is found using recent results. Using the connection between rate of information relative to SNR and the minimum mean square error of the estimator, the mutual information can be bounded as well for arbitrary source distributions in Gaussian noise.
Thermodynamics of thallium alkanoates II. Heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of thallium(I) n-heptanoate

This research was supported in part by the Structural Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics Program of the Chemistry Section of the National Science Foundation under grant CHE-7710049.
Enhancing High Value Care in Gastroenterology Practice

Backgroung & Aims The objective of this review is to identify common areas in gastroenterology practice where studies performed provide an opportunity for enhancing value or lowering costs. Methods We provide examples of topics in gastroenterology where clinicians could enhance value by either using less invasive testing, choosing a single best test, or by using patient symptoms to guide additional testing. Results The topics selected for review are selected in esophageal, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer; functional gastrointestinal diseases (irritable bowel syndrome, bacterial overgrowth, constipation); immune-mediated gastrointestinal diseases; and pancreaticobiliary pathology. We propose guidance to alter practice based on current evidence. Conclusions These studies support the need to review current practice and to continue performing research to further validate the proposed guidance to enhance value of care in gastroenterology and hepatology.
Effect of two fluorescent dyes on color of restorative materials.

PURPOSE The objective of these two studies was to determine whether the use of dyes in vitro would affect the shade of tooth-colored restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two separate studies were performed. In Study 1, four groups (N = 36) of restorative materials; (1) resin composite (RSN), (2) resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), (3) conventional glass ionomer (CGI), and (4) porcelain (PCN), were subjected to a rinse in either tap water (control) or Pyrromethene 556 dye at a concentration of 0.01M for 30 seconds or 0.0015 M for 60 seconds. They were then rinsed with 25% ethanol as would be done in clinical usage. In Study 2, the same restorative materials (except PCN) were subjected to a rinse in either tap water (control) (N = 8) or 0.0018 M sodium fluorescein (N = 8) for 60 seconds followed by a 5-second rinse with tap water. For both studies the specimens were analyzed for overall color changes (delta E*) comparing baseline to immediately post dye exposure and then again after 1, 4, 24, and 48-hour storage under running tap water. In addition, an image of each specimen, illuminated under an argon laser light (HGM), was captured with a miniature charged-coupled device (CCD) color camera at the same time intervals when the color was measured. These images were analyzed for fluorescence using computer assisted methods. A software program then computed the mean and standard deviation of the fluorescence values for each image. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS delta E* values from baseline on specimens treated with either Pyrromethene 556 or sodium fluorescein were not significantly different from water at any time. The only exceptions were CGI specimens exposed to 0.01 M Pyrromethene 556 and RMGI exposed to sodium fluorescein which had a higher delta E* immediately after treatment, however this effect was reversed after 1-hour rinse. Mean delta E* was less than 2.69 for specimens treated with Pyrromethene 556 and less than 3.20 for specimens treated with sodium fluorescein after 1-hour rinse in water. When the mean fluorescence level, as determined by the computer, was averaged there was no difference between the Pyrromethene 556 treatments and control for RMGI, RSN and PCN after 4-hour rinse in water and, as time in storage increased, the fluorescence level decreased. CGI treated with 0.01 M Pyrromethene 556 was significantly more fluorescent even after 48-hour rinse in water. All specimens treated with sodium fluorescein were also significantly more fluorescent than control even after 48-hour rinse in water. It was concluded that exposure of these restorative materials to Pyrromethene 556 at 0.01 M or 0.0015 M or to 0.0018 M sodium fluorescein will not lead to any prolonged visually detectable color changes.
Prebiotic Synthesis of Organic Compounds

The heterotrophic hypothesis of the origin of life is now generally accepted. This involves the synthesis of simple organic compounds on the primitive Earth, the polymerization of these compounds, and the organization of the polymers into the first self-replicating organism. The need to synthesize simple organic compounds places constraints on conditions that prevailed on the primitive Earth. The temperature must have been low, O2 was absent, and the atmosphere was reducing. The most effective atmosphere for the synthesis of organic compounds is CH4, N2 or NH3, H2O. Experiments with less reduced atmospheres such as CO, N2 or NH3, H2O, H2 and CO2, N2 or NH3, H2O, H2 do give organic compounds but the yields are generally smaller and fewer compounds are obtained. CO and CO2 atmospheres without H2 give no organic compounds at all or very small yields. Prebiotic syntheses of amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, and sugars are now known. Organic compounds in carbonaceous chondrites are strikingly similar to those produced in laboratory syntheses with electric discharges.
The Changing Role of Radiation Therapy in Breast Cancer

Change in therapy has become the standard approach for the management of breast cancer in this multidisciplinary era. The role of radiation therapy is changing, as is the role of surgery. Radical mastectomy is no longer generally acceptable as the treatment of choice by surgeons, and routine postoperative radiation therapy is in dispute among radiation oncologists. With newer methods of detection and advances in adjuvant chemotherapy programs, a new literature is emerging and new approaches offering better survival results and better cosmesis are promised. Individualization, rather than standardization, marks the therapeutic effort in most cancer centers.
What's the damage from climate change?

Questions of environmental regulation typically involve trade-offs between economic activity and environmental protection. A tally of these trade-offs, put into common monetary terms—that is, a cost-benefit analysis (CBA)—has been required for significant regulations (e.g., those having an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more) by the U.S. government for more than four decades ( 1 – 3 ). Ethical debate over the role of CBA is at least as old as the requirement itself ( 4 ), but the practical reality is that it pervades government policy-making. If estimates of environmental impacts and valuation are absent or questionable, the case for environmental protection is weakened. This is why the estimates of climate change damages reported by Hsiang et al. on page 1362 of this issue ( 5 ) are particularly important.
Drafting Legal Documents in a Doctrinal Class

This chapter presents a method for incorporating practical skills training into a doctrinal course. A doctrinal course, known also as a “podium” or “casebook” course, is characterized by focus on court opinions, black letter law, and legal theory; assessments are typically based on multiple choice and essay style formats, and it is not uncommon to base the entire course grade on a final exam. This chapter demonstrates an efficient and manageable means of teaching students how to draft legal documents in a doctrinal course, which simultaneously adds variety to exam-heavy teaching formats and works to desegregate the law school curriculum.
Abstract IA08: Personalizing HNSCC treatment based on TP53 mutational status

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and resistance to standard treatments with radiation/chemotherapy accounts for the majority of HNSCC deaths. Mutation of TP53 occurs in 60-85% of non-HPV-associated HNSCC cases, and some mutant p53s display oncogenic properties, termed “gain-of-function (GOF),” which are independent of wild-type (WT) p53 functions. These GOF p53 mutant proteins can enhance cell transformation, increase tumor formation, and confer cellular resistance to chemo- and/or radio-therapy. Therefore, we are interested in the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to overcome this resistance. Pre-clinical studies both in vitro and in vivo have shown the promise of some novel targeted agents including Chk-1, Wee-1, and PARP inhibitors used alone or in combination with HDAC inhibition. In addition, COTI-2 is a novel drug with striking single-agent and radio-/chemo-sensitizing activity in pre-clinical models of HNSCC bearing TP53 mutations. Our preliminary data demonstrate that COTI-2 markedly decreases cell growth in vitro and induces p21, noxa, and puma expression in HNSCC cells. COTI-2 also negatively modulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR survival pathway, which is constitutively activated in many types of cancer including HNSCC. In vitro studies in our laboratory have shown that COTI-2 has a nanomolar (IC 50 : 1.3-13.2 nm) activity in nine human HNSCC cell lines. Additionally, GOF mutant p53-bearing HNSCC cells are significantly delayed in outgrowth in an orthotopic nude mouse model of tongue cancer when treated with COTI-2. Current clinical studies are evaluating the safety and efficacy of the combination of COTI-2 alone and in combination with cisplatin in phase I/II studies of patients with refractory HNSCC and whether response is associated with TP53 mutational status of the tumor determined from sequencing of circulating cell free DNA. If this combination is found to safely provide sensitization of HNSCC to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in the majority of human patients who have TP 53 mutant tumors, this should make a major impact on the survival of individuals suffering from HNSCC, and potentially other p53 driven epithelial malignancies. Citation Format: Jeffrey Myers. Personalizing HNSCC treatment based on TP53 mutational status [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; April 23-25, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(23_Suppl):Abstract nr IA08.
Hemodynamics in a giant intracranial aneurysm characterized by in vitro 4D flow MRI

Experimental and computational data suggest that hemodynamics play a critical role in the development, growth, and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. The flow structure, especially in aneurysms with a large sac, is highly complex and three-dimensional. Therefore, volumetric and time-resolved measurements of the flow properties are crucial to fully characterize the hemodynamics. In this study, phase-contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging is used to assess the fluid dynamics inside a 3D-printed replica of a giant intracranial aneurysm, whose hemodynamics was previously simulated by multiple research groups. The physiological inflow waveform is imposed in a flow circuit with realistic cardiovascular impedance. Measurements are acquired with sub-millimeter spatial resolution for 16 time steps over a cardiac cycle, allowing for the detailed reconstruction of the flow evolution. Moreover, the three-dimensional and time-resolved pressure distribution is calculated from the velocity field by integrating the fluid dynamics equations, and is validated against differential pressure measurements using precision transducers. The flow structure is characterized by vortical motions that persist within the aneurysm sac for most of the cardiac cycle. All the main flow statistics including velocity, vorticity, pressure, and wall shear stress suggest that the flow pattern is dictated by the aneurysm morphology and is largely independent of the pulsatility of the inflow, at least for the flow regimes investigated here. Comparisons are carried out with previous computational simulations that used the same geometry and inflow conditions, both in terms of cycle-averaged and systolic quantities.
Getting it Right: Public Administration Undergoing Epistemology

Through a reading of Charles Taylor’s “Overcoming Epistemology,” I explore the epistemological enterprise as it relates to the field of public administration. I first consider what “undergoing” epi...
Prediction of MeV Electron Fluxes and Forecast Verification

Abstract Statistical and data-assimilative radiation belt forecast models have been developed, and are currently operating in real-time. Although some empirical models have been operating for decades, there currently exist no community-wide frameworks for analyzing radiation-belt forecast quality, tracking it over time, and facilitating cross-radiation-belt model verification. In this chapter, the problem of radiation belt electron modeling and forecasting is briefly introduced, and a first quantitative analysis of radiation belt forecasting is presented. The aim of the chapter is to spur further discussion on appropriate metrics for assessing and tracking radiation belt modeling and forecasting.
Monotone 2-Transition Solutions

The second multitransition case mentioned in Chapter 6 will be studied here. Proceeding somewhat more generally, suppose \(v_0;w_0;\hat{v}_0;\hat{w}_0 \in \mathcal{M}0\), where \(v_0 < w_0 \leq \hat{v}_0 < \hat{w}_0\) and the pairs v0;w0 and \(\hat{v}_0; \hat{w}_0\) satisfy (*)0. The simplest special case is that of \(\hat{v}_0 = v_0 + 1\) and \(\hat{w}_0 = w_0 + 1\). The solutions constructed here will be monotone in x1 in the sense of Theorem 3.2, i.e., \(u < \tau^1_{-1} u\). This allows us to work in a class of functions having this property and thereby use much less restrictive constraints than employed in Chapter 6 to get existence results.
Improving Couples’ Relationship Functioning Leads to Improved Coparenting: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Rural African American Couples

Family-centered prevention programs for couples with children are being increasingly disseminated, with the hope that improving couples' romantic relationships will lead to other benefits for families. To date, however, it is unclear whether these interventions do in fact yield these benefits. The current study addressed this gap by examining whether postintervention improvements in couples' relationship functioning following family-centered prevention predicted longer-term change in coparenting, and whether postintervention improvements in coparenting predicted longer-term change in relationship functioning. We used four waves of data collected over 2 years from 346 rural African American couples with an early adolescent child who participated in a randomized controlled trial of the Protecting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF) program, an intervention designed to promote strong couple, coparenting, and parent-child relationships in two-parent African American families. Results indicated that ProSAAF had significant short-term positive effects on both romantic relationship functioning and coparenting and that these effects did not differ in magnitude. Over time, however, only romantic relationship functioning postintervention was positively associated with long-term changes in coparenting; coparenting postintervention was not associated with long-term changes in relationship functioning and this association was significantly weaker than the other pathway. These findings support a key premise underlying relationship enhancement programs for parents, indicating that improving couples' romantic relationship functioning can have longer-term benefits for the coparenting relationship as well. Further research examining long-term parent, child, and family outcomes following family-centered prevention for couples and the mechanisms of change underlying these outcomes is needed.
Wallpaper maps

A wallpaper map is a conformal projection of a spherical earth onto regular polygons with which the plane can be tiled continuously. A complete set of distinct wallpaper maps that satisfy certain natural symmetry conditions is derived and illustrated. Though all of the projections have been published before, some generalize to one-parameter families in which the sphere is pre-transformed by a conformal automorphism.
Physical Therapy for a Child With Encopresis: A Case Report.

Purpose To describe the implementation and effectiveness of a multimodal therapeutic approach used to successfully treat a child with encopresis. Summary of key points The child demonstrated chronic constipation, poor pelvic floor muscle awareness, weakness, and incoordination during voiding. He participated in 8 sessions of physical therapy intervention including pelvic floor muscle awareness, strengthening and coordination exercises, behavioral adaptations, diet modification, and use of media, art, and interactive visualization activities. Conclusions The child improved pelvic floor muscle strength and coordination and became fully continent of bowel in home and community settings. What this case adds to evidence-based practice This case report demonstrates that pediatric age-appropriate educational and motivational tools (media, art, and interactive visualization activities) are readily available, economical, and effective when used in conjunction with current practice to decrease impairments and improve active participation and compliance during treatment of retentive encopresis in the pediatric population.
Case of Incidental Asymptomatic Carotid Body Paraganglioma in a Patient with Infectious Mononucleosis.

A paraganglioma is a rare form of neuroendocrine tumor of neural crest cell origin. These tumors arise from autonomic ganglia, and are classified based on their origin in the autonomic nervous system, with sympathetic paragangliomas being more commonly located in the abdomen and parasympathetic paragangliomas more commonly found in the head and neck region. Paragangliomas have a characteristically slow growth rate, and while many will present due to symptoms of mass effect or from hyper functional catecholamine secretion, some tumors are diagnosed incidentally on imaging studies. In this report, we present the case of a 33-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with symptoms of infectious mononucleosis and recurrent tonsillitis, for which he was scheduled to have a tonsillectomy in the near future, but was incidentally found on a CT scan of the neck to have an asymptomatic carotid body paraganglioma. Due to the close anatomical relationship between the carotid artery and tonsillar bed, had this surgery occurred without first discovering the paraganglioma it may have placed the patient at increased risk for a disastrous intraoperative hemorrhage. This idea prompts otolaryngologists to consider how best to approach the diagnosis of paragangliomas in patients that have yet to become symptomatic.
To read what is not written: from psychoanalysis to rhetoric and back

One of the grand narratives of modernity, psychoanalysis can be read as a genre of speculative discourse that, recognizing the force of living speech, places itself in competition with philosophy a...
ABO Incompatibility in the Newborn

AbstractABO incompatibility is one form of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Since the development of antenatal treatment for Rh incompatibility has developed, ABO incompatibility has emerged...
O20 Changes in Children's Nutritional Outcomes Post-Participation in a Pediatric Weight Management Program for Latino Families

Background Research has found multidisciplinary weight management programs targeted to at-risk Latino children are successful at slowing weight gain and improving fruit/vegetable consumption. Research on the effects of other large-scale nutrition changes and dietary behaviors in this group are limited. Objective To determine whether participation in VALE (Vidas Activas y Familias Saludables), a pediatric weight management program for Latino families, with a child who is overweight/obese, results in changes in food groups and nutrients. Study Design, Setting, Participants Latino children participated in VALE, a group-based, culturally-adapted program focused on diet, exercise, and behavior modification. The current analysis included data from 4 cohorts who participated in the program between 2017 to 2019. Participants met approximately 90-minutes/week over a 10-week period. Eligibility criteria for participation included being Latino (self-reported) and having a child aged 5 to 9 years with BMI-for-age ≥85th percentile. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Food group and nutrient intake were measured pre- and immediately post-intervention by the Spanish-language version of the Block Food Screener for Ages 2-17. In addition, two 24-hour recall interviews in Spanish were conducted and entered into the Nutritionist Pro software (Axxya Systems) to determine macronutrient content. Mean intakes were measured for nutrition outcomes pre- and post-intervention and compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test, for non-normally distributed data, in SPSS (version 25). Results Participants (n = 48, mean age 7.6 ≥ 1.4) were primarily of Central American descent, 66% were male, and 47% in the severe obesity group. Compared with pre-intervention measurements, participants consumed 38% more vegetables and decreased added sugar consumption by 25% (P = .01). No significant findings were seen with other nutrient and food group results. Conclusion The VALE program, which specifically targeted Latino families, led to improvements in vegetable and added sugar consumption. Interestingly, fruit consumption was not significantly changed, as found in previous research. Funding George Mason University, Potomac Health Foundation.
A dynamic theory of multiple borrowing

Abstract Multiple borrowing—when borrower obtains overlapping loans from multiple lenders—is a common phenomenon in many credit markets. We build a tractable, dynamic model of multiple borrowing and show that, because overlapping creditors can impose default externalities on each other, expanding financial access by introducing more lenders can backfire. Capital allocation is distorted away from the most productive uses. Entrepreneurs choose inefficient endeavors with low returns to scale. These problems are exacerbated when investments become more pledgeable or when borrowers have access to more lenders, explaining why increased access to finance does not always improve outcomes.
Male Sexual Health and Cardiovascular Disease

To provide an updated review on the association of erectile dysfunction (ED), male hypogonadism, and testosterone therapy with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Direct evidence links male sexual dysfunction to CVD, including higher coronary artery calcium scores, carotid narrowing, and more severe coronary artery disease. While questions about the role of ED in predicting cardiovascular risk independent of shared comorbidities have lingered, the most recent analyses favor a diagnosis of ED as a strong independent predictor of adverse cardiac events. ED has now been incorporated into the widely used QRISK3 calculator for cardiovascular risk assessment and may influence clinical decision-making about primary prevention interventions. Controversy also surrounds changes in testosterone labeling that highlight potential cardiovascular risks. While continuing to remain contentious, the most extensive meta-analyses conclude that low endogenous testosterone is independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk and that testosterone therapy does not appear to carry increased risk in most populations. The assessment of ED is an effective tool in predicting cardiovascular risk and may influence clinical decision-making with regard to primary prevention interventions. The associations between endogenous testosterone levels, testosterone therapy, and cardiovascular risk remain controversial.
Exploring the Effects of Daily, Timed, and Typed Technical Term Definition Practice on Indicators of Fluency

Say All Fast Minute Every Day Shuffled (SAFMEDS) is one behaviorally based teaching tactic. Like flash cards, SAFMEDS helps build familiarity with course objectives and can be used to promote fluency in the corresponding verbal repertoire. However, SAFMEDS differs from flash cards in that it follows specific design features and the acronym specifies how to practice flash cards. Students might practice in the traditional see-say learning channel used with SAFMEDS, or they could practice in a see-type learning channel (i.e., Type All Fast Minute Every Day Shuffled [TAFMEDS]), as the precision teaching community has sought to bring digital technology to their teaching, using computerized standard celeration charts and programs that present flash cards in a digital format. The present study explored the use of computerized charting and a see-type learning channel program developed for TAFMEDS in several sections of an undergraduate Introduction to Behavior Principles course. Course instructors explored the correlations between daily TAFMEDS practice with behavior-analytic terminology and student performance. After 3 weeks of daily practice, the study concluded with a culmination of 4 checkouts that examined endurance, application, stability, retention (when possible), and performance in different learning channels. Results indicated a correlation between daily practice and higher daily performance frequencies and longer term outcomes, including maintenance, endurance, stability, application, and generativity. The findings are discussed in terms of bringing frequency-building activities to university settings and the advantages and disadvantages of bringing technological advancements into frequency-based instruction.
CD163L1 + CXCL10 + Macrophages are Enriched Within Colonic Lamina Propria of Diverticulitis Patients.

ABSTRACT Background Inflammation of diverticula, which are outpouchings of the colonic bowl wall, causes diverticulitis. Severe cases of diverticulitis require surgical intervention. Through RNA-seq analysis of intestinal tissues, we previously found that the innate immune response was deregulated in surgical diverticulitis patients. In that study, pro-inflammatory and macrophage markers were differentially expressed in the colons of diverticulitis versus control patients. Here we investigate CD163L1+ macrophages and the pro-inflammatory chemokine, CXCL10, in diverticulitis. Materials and Methods We assessed tissue from an uninvolved area adjacent to a region of the sigmoid colon chronically affected by diverticulitis and performed Spearman's correlation on transcripts associated with macrophage signaling. We identified altered CD163L1 and CXCL10 gene expression levels that we confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis on an independent cohort of diverticulitis patients and controls. We used immunofluorescence microscopy to localize CD163L1+ macrophages and CXCL10 levels in intestinal tissue and ELISA to measure CXCL10 levels in patient serum. Results We found a positive correlation between intestinal CD163L1 and CXCL10 gene expression and an increased number of CD163L1+ macrophages in the sigmoid colons of diverticulitis patients relative to controls (P = 0.036). Macrophages at the apices of colonic crypts expressed the chemokine CXCL10. Correspondingly, these diverticulitis patients also displayed heightened CXCL10 levels in their serum (P = 0.007). Conclusions We identified a novel population of CD163L1+CXCL10+ macrophages in the colonic crypts of diverticulitis patients and demonstrated increased expression of serum CXCL10 in these patients. CXCL10 may serve as a prognostic biomarker to aid in clinical decision making for diverticulitis patients.