cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of UiO-66-NH2 Metal–Organic Framework Cotton Composite Textiles

This work details the development of a cotton fabric functionalized with UiO-66-NH2 metal–organic framework (MOF). The materials were made by seeding the growth of the MOF on the cotton by first bonding zirconium (Zr) to the surface of the fabric utilizing cyanuric chloride modified with a thiol. After seeding the fabrics with Zr, UiO-66-NH2 was grown on the fabric using a hydrothermal method. Several different routes of attaching Zr to cyanuric chloride were examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data are consistent with UiO-66-NH2, and the fabrics have surface areas between 45 and 125 m2/g depending on the synthetic conditions used to produce the materials. The functionalized cotton reacts with dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP), a chemical nerve agent simulant, as monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy. The results illustrate that MOF–fiber composites can be created using natural fibers, and the resulting composites provide similar chemical warfare agent (CWA) s...
Maternal behavior predicts neural underpinnings of inhibitory control in preschoolers.

Separate lines of research have revealed that the rapid development of inhibitory control in the preschool period is closely tied to normative brain development and influenced by early mother-child interactions. One potential theory is that maternal behavior in the context of early interactions influences the neural underpinnings of inhibitory control in development, with implications for child behavior. The purpose of this paper was to examine whether maternal emotional support, measured during a mother-child problem-solving game, predicted child neural responses (frontal-central N2 event-related potential) and behavioral performance (discrimination index, d') in a go/no-go task of inhibitory control in a large, diverse sample of mother-child dyads (N = 276) observed in children's last year of preschool (mean age = 56 months). Results of a structural equation model revealed significant direct effects from maternal emotional support to child right hemisphere frontal-central N2 responses to no-go (inhibitory control) trials; greater observed emotional support predicted larger N2 responses. Larger right hemisphere N2 responses to no-go trials were also associated with better overall observed task performance (d'). A test of indirect effects from maternal emotional support to child observed performance via right hemisphere N2 responses was significant, suggesting that underlying neurophysiology is one mechanism through which maternal emotional support is associated with a child's rapidly developing inhibitory control behavior in the preschool period. This work joins a growing literature demonstrating that caregiver behavior within a "normative" range is an important environmental factor contributing to the development of neural processes supporting child functioning.
Determinants of Health-Related Behaviors in Adolescence

Adolescence is a developmental stage characterized by significant physical, intellectual, emotional, and social changes. In order to design the most effective behavior change interventions, one must first identify key determinants for health outcomes and related health behaviors. Within health psychology, numerous health behavior theories have identified important determinants of health outcomes, focusing primarily on individual-level factors. In contrast, socio-ecological models of health behavior illustrate that an individual’s behavior occurs within a larger social context. As such, socio-ecological models of adolescent health consider individual, peer, familial, relational, community, and societal factors that influence health behavior engagement and subsequent health outcomes. In this chapter, we first provide an overview of a socio-ecological model of adolescent health behavior determinants, highlighting some of the key individual, family, peer, relational, community, and societal determinants of health outcomes. We then provide illustrative examples of interventions designed to address important health determinants and associated behaviors at each level within the socio-ecological model. It is our goal to provide representative research examples focusing on the key health outcomes as outlined by the Critical Health Objectives for adolescent health in Healthy People 2010. Specifically, we provide an overview of important determinants and interventions designed to address adolescents’ health across the following domains: (a) mortality, (b) unintentional injury, (c) violence, (d) mental health and substance abuse, (e) reproductive health, and (f) chronic disease. Thus, this chapter synthesizes findings from discrete but related levels of research, as each of these levels represents important determinants of adolescent health.
Developments in influenza prevention and treatment: A managed care perspective

Until recently, control of influenza has focused on increasing the use of the inactivated influenza vaccine and, in some countries, encouraging the appropriate use of the antiviral drugs amantadine and rimantadine. Now that a new class of antiviral drugs, the neuraminidase inhibitors, has been approved for use in many countries, and a live attenuated vaccine is on the horizon, novel opportunities have arisen for the prevention and treatment of influenza. The clinical effectiveness of these innovations has not been fully determined in many patient populations, particularly in managed-care environments; clinical and economic impacts are similarly considered in making decisions regarding access to new technologies in most healthcare delivery systems. However, it is possible to use available information to speculate on how these technologies might be used, while the relative clinical and cost consequences of these innovations are further clarified.
Predictors of clozapine response in schizophrenia.

The introduction of the atypical neuroleptic, clozapine, has had widespread influence not only on the treatment of the seriously mentally ill patient, but also on new drug development and on hypotheses of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. While clozapine differs from traditional neuroleptics in its lack of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS). its also is distinct in its profile of neurotransmitter receptor affinities. In our work examining the clinical and biological effects of clozapine in patients with schizophrenia, we have identified the presence of EPS during typical neuroleptic treatment as a consistent predictor of subsequent good response to clozapine
Searching for clinical evidence in CiteSpace.

A crucial step in the practice of evidence- based medicine is to locate the best available evidence regarding to clinical questions. In this article, we demonstrate that combining visualization techniques with traditional methods developed in evidence-based medicine could simplify the task. We describe a unifying framework for searching clinical evidence across multiple sources such as highly cited articles in the Web of Science and articles of particular types of study design in PubMed. We describe the implementation of a prototyping system to visualize the distribution of available evidence in a broader context of the underlying subject domain. We include examples of evidence found in the heart diseases and lung cancer literature. Practical implications on the design of visualization-based evidence searching tools are discussed.
Chest pain: cardiac and noncardiac causes.

Abstract The perception and interpretation of pain in the thoracic cavity may be extremely variable. In this article the differential diagnosis of chest pain is reviewed with emphasis on the historical features that allow for a precise diagnosis. Beginning with the neural transmission of chest pain, the discussion continues with the various sources of chest pain, including pain arising from the heart, the pericardium, and the great vessels; the gastrointestinal tract; the lungs and the pleura; the chest wall; and miscellaneous causes.
Predictors of withdrawal of life support after burn injury.

Abstract Introduction Discussions regarding withdrawal of life support after burn injury are challenging and complex. Often, providers may facilitate this discussion when the extent of injury makes survival highly unlikely or when the patient’s condition deteriorates during resuscitation. Few papers have evaluated withdrawal of life support in burn patients. We therefore sought to determine the predictor of withdrawal of life support (WLS) in a regional burn center. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all burn patients from 2002 to 2012. Patient characteristics included age, gender, burn mechanism, percentage total body surface area (%TBSA) burned, presence of inhalation injury, hospital length of stay, and pre-existing comorbidities. Patients Results 8,371 patients were included for analysis: 8134 Alive, 237 WLS. Females had an increased odd of WLS compared to males (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.18–3.48; p = 0.010). Based on higher CCI, patients with pre-existing comorbidities had an increased odd of WLS (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08–1.52; p = 0.005). There was a significantly increased odds for WLS (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.06–1.12; p Conclusion The decision to withdraw life support is a complex and difficult decision. Our current understanding of predictors of withdrawal of life support suggests that they mirror those factors which increase a patient’s risk of mortality. Further research is needed to fully explore end-of-life decision making in regards to burn patients. The role of patient’s sex, particularly women, in WLS decision making needs to be further explored.
A Cross-Disciplinary Course on Virtual Reality

This Innovative Practice Work In Progress paper describes the author’s efforts to develop a cross-disciplinary undergraduate upper division and graduate level Virtual Reality (VR) course. Virtual Reality is a truly cross-disciplinary field that often involves Artists, Computer Scientists, Engineers, Psychologists, and others working together to build and evaluate computing experiences that immerse users in rich 3D virtual environments. Twenty-six undergraduate and graduate students from Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Education, Engineering Management, Media X, and Psychology completed the author’s course in the spring of 2018. The course was arranged into three units: applications, foundations, and evaluation. Throughout the term students worked in cross-disciplinary teams of two to three to build and evaluate a VR application. During the last week of the term students completed a questionnaire designed to assess the success of the author’s approach to the course. Results of the questionnaire suggest that while the author was successful in teaching students about the cross-disciplinary nature of VR, more could be done to support students as they learned to collaborate with teammates from other disciplines.
Intersecting Identities, Intersecting Issues: Exploring the Needs of LGBTQ+ Communities in Wisconsin:

To identify the most critical needs facing lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer/questioning, plus (LGBTQ+) communities in Wisconsin postmarriage equality, this case study utilizes intersectionality...
Seroprevalance of antibodies specific for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and the discovery of asymptomatic infections in Henan Province, China.

Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a severe emerging disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), and the geographical distribution of SFTS has been increasing throughout China in recent years. To assess SFTSV-specific antibody seroprevalence, a cross-sectional study was conducted for healthy people in high SFTS endemic areas of Henan province in 2016. Methods This study used a stratified random sampling method to select 14 natural villages as the investigation sites. From April to May 2016, participants completed a questionnaire survey and serum samples were collected. All serum samples were subjected to ELISA to detect SFTSV-specific IgM and IgG. All IgM-positive samples were further tested by real-time RT-PCR, and isolation of virus from serum was attempted. Any participant who was IgM-positive was followed up with a month later to confirm health status. Results In total, 1463 healthy people participated in this study. The average seropositive rates for SFTSV-specific IgG and IgM were 10.46% (153/1463) and 0.82% (12/1463), respectively. IgM was detected in 12 individuals, and SFTSV RNA was detected in six of them. Virus was isolated from five of the six SFTSV RNA-positive individuals, and phylogenetic analyses revealed that all five isolates belonged to SFTSV group A. No IgM-positive participants exhibited any symptoms or other signs of illness at the one-month follow up. Conclusions This study identified a relatively high incidence of SFTSV-specific antibody seropositivity in healthy people in Xinyang city. Moreover, our data provide the first evidence for asymptomatic SFTSV infections, which may have significant implications for SFTS outbreak control.
Z hu Xi’s Philosophy of Religion

Many aspects of Zhu Xi’s thought could be considered “religious,” particularly if one defines “religion” loosely as the collection of beliefs and practices that inform one’s understanding of the cosmos and that give direction to one’s activities and sense of purpose within that cosmos. Very few of Zhu Xi’s most important “philosophical” concepts do not fall also within the purview of the modern Western discipline of religious studies. He wrote extensively, for example, about such cosmological matters as principle (li 理), qi 氣, (a term often understood as “vital energy”; hereafter treated as an English word), Heaven (tian 天), and the Great Ultimate or Supreme Polarity (tai ji 太極)—notions that have been the subject of many philosophical studies. Zhu also discussed ideas more commonly deemed “religious”: ritual (li 禮); ghosts and spirits (gui shen 鬼神); sacrificial offerings (ji si 祭祀); prayer; divination; geomancy; contemplative practices such as quiet sitting (jing zuo 靜坐); and many other self-cultivation practices. As other chapters in this volume deal in greater detail with cosmological issues, this chapter focuses on Zhu Xi’s views on the subjects more commonly deemed religious by the parameters of modern Western disciplinary boundaries. Zhu Xi is often considered a great synthesizer of many strands of thought, but his views on matters such as ghosts and spirits often appear unsystematic and are not entirely consistent. This conceptual inconsistency is entirely typical of conceptualizations of numinous phenomena across cultures, for by their very nature the spirit world defies definition and systematization. Some seeming inconsistency is also due to the fact that many of Zhu Xi’s ideas were recorded at various times by his students across his very long teaching career.
Risk Factors for Clinical Lameness in Lactating Dairy Cows in the Midwestern United States

The importance of clinical lameness in dairy cows is receiving increasing recognition. In addition to treatment and prevention costs, culling, milk production, and reproduction losses may occur due to lameness. The moral cost of animal suffering during severe lameness episodes must also be considered. Despite this, recommended management practices for the purpose of lameness prevention at the cow and herd level are often based upon trial and error rather than sound research-based knowledge of causal mechanisms of lameness. This has been due in part to the sparcity of lameness research in cattle. In addition, much of the available literature on lameness has been based upon a subjective diagnosis of lameness without a standard case definition, and often using multiple observers (producers) leading to difficulty in interpretation. The result has been a scarcity of useful information for veterinarians and producers. The objective of this study included evaluation of within herd risk factors (bodyweight, body condition score, dorsal claw angles, visible and palpable limb lesions, and antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi) and between herd risk factors (housing, flooring, dietary, and management practice) for clinical lameness in lactating dairy cows.
A needle-free technique for interstitial fluid sample acquisition using a lorentz-force actuated jet injector.

Abstract We present a novel method of quickly acquiring dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) samples using a Lorentz-force actuated needle-free jet injector. The feasibility of the method is first demonstrated on post-mortem porcine tissue. The jet injector is used to first inject a small volume of physiological saline to breach the skin, and the back-drivability of the actuator is utilized to create negative pressure in the ampoule and collect ISF. The effect of the injection and extraction parameters on sample dilution and extracted volumes is investigated. A simple finite element model is developed to demonstrate why this acquisition method results in faster extractions than conventional sampling methods. Using this method, we are able to collect a sample that contains up to 3.5% ISF in 3.1 s from post-mortem skin. The trends revealed from experimentation on post-mortem skin are then used to identify the parameters for a live animal study. The feasibility of the acquisition process is successfully demonstrated using live rats; the process is revealed to extract samples that have been diluted by a factor of 111–125.
Assessment and comparison of electrocardiographic and clinical cardiac evidence of death following use of a penetrating captive bolt for euthanasia of cattle

The objective of this study was to describe temporal associations between cardiac auscultation and ECG to evaluate cardiac activity and determine cardiac death following euthanasia with a penetrating captive bolt device. Twenty-two feedlot calves between 6 and 19 months of age were enrolled. Electrocardiographic monitoring and recording was conducted using a modified base-apex lead configuration. Cardiac death was defined as ventricular standstill and occurred when ventricular electrical activity ceased. Clinical cardiac death was defined as the absence of an auscultable and rhythmic heartbeat, and was assessed immediately following the final captive bolt administration and again at 1-minute intervals for a minimum of 10 minutes post-captive bolt administration. Discernable cardiac activity was demonstrated for an average of 513.35 seconds (8 minutes 34 seconds) post-captive bolt administration. Clinical cardiac death and ventricular standstill occurred within the same 60-second measurement in 33% (7/21) of calves. Thus, approximately 70% of calves were assumed to be deceased based on clinical cardiac parameters prior to ventricular standstill.
Special anatomy series: Ultrasound visualization of torsional anatomic changes with external rotation of the lower limb

Objective: The objective of this article is to describe ultrasound imaging changes in the lower limb as it moves from the neutral anatomic position to external rotation (ER) position. This includes sonographic differences related to both positional changes and tissue torsion. Methods: Sonographic images were obtained in a 28-year-old healthy elite female highland dancer. Both short- and long-axis sonographic images were obtained with the transducer placed over the structure of interest with the hip in both neutral and externally rotated positions. Cine video was also recorded at each site to assess dynamic imaging changes in real time. Results: Ultrasound evaluation of the lower limb during ER allowed assessment of the appearance of positional change and torsion on the tissues from this movement. At mid-thigh, the vastus lateralis was replaced by the rectus femoris. At distal thigh, the rectus tendon was replaced by the vastus medialis. In mid-leg, the tibialis anterior was replaced by the soleus. At the ankle, the extensor hallucis and tibialis anterior tendons are replaced by the tibia and tibialis posterior tendon. Conclusion: The patterns of change with ER of the hip can be identified with ultrasound in multiple muscles throughout the lower limb. This provides the potential to be used as a tool for assessing appropriate movement patterns for performance and preventing injury in dancers and other athletes who repeatedly perform this maneuver.
Multitarget Multiple-Instance Learning for Hyperspectral Target Detection

In remote sensing, it is often challenging to acquire or collect a large data set that is accurately labeled. This difficulty is usually due to several issues, including but not limited to the study site's spatial area and accessibility, errors in the global positioning system (GPS), and mixed pixels caused by an image's spatial resolution. We propose an approach, with two variations, that estimates multiple-target signatures from training samples with imprecise labels: multitarget multiple-instance adaptive cosine estimator (MTMI-ACE) and multitarget multiple-instance spectral match filter (MTMI-SMF). The proposed methods address the abovementioned problems by directly considering the multiple-instance, imprecisely labeled data set. They learn a dictionary of target signatures that optimizes detection against a background using the adaptive cosine estimator (ACE) and spectral match filter (SMF). Experiments were conducted to test the proposed algorithms using a simulated hyperspectral data set, the MUUFL Gulfport hyperspectral data set collected over the University of Southern Mississippi-Gulfpark Campus, and the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral data set collected over Santa Barbara County, CA, USA. Both simulated and real hyperspectral target detection experiments show that the proposed algorithms are effective at learning target signatures and performing target detection.
Radiology Performed Fluoroscopy-Guided Lumbar Punctures Decrease Volume of Diagnostic Study Interpretation - Impact on Resident Training and Potential Solutions.

Objectives: Lumbar punctures performed in radiology departments have significantly increased over the last few decades and are typically performed in academic centers by radiology trainees using fluoroscopy guidance. Performing fluoroscopy-guided lumbar punctures (FGLPs) can often constitute a large portion of a trainee’s workday and the impact of performing FGLPs on the trainee’s clinical productivity (i.e. dictating reports on neuroradiology cross-sectional imaging) has not been studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the number of FGLPs performed and cross-sectional neuroimaging studies dictated by residents during their neuroradiology rotation (NR). Material and Methods: The number of FGLPs and myelograms performed and neuroimaging studies dictated by radiology residents on our neuroradiology service from July 2008 to December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The relationship between the number of FGLPs performed and neuroimaging studies (CT and MRI) dictated per day by residents was examined. Results: Radiology residents (n = 84) performed 3437 FGLPs and myelograms and interpreted 33402 cross-sectional studies. Poisson regression demonstrated an exponential decrease in number of studies dictated daily with a rising number of FGLPs performed (P = 0.0001) and the following formula was derived: Number of expected studies dictated per day assuming no FGLPs × e-0.25 x number of FGLPs = adjusted expected studies dictated for the day. Conclusion: We quantified the impact performing FGLPs can have on the number of neuroimaging reports residents dictate on the NR. We described solutions to potentially decrease unnecessary FGLP referrals including establishing departmental guidelines for FGLP referrals and encouraging bedside lumbar punctures attempts before referral. We also emphasized equally distributing the FGLPs among trainees to mitigate procedural burden.
Monitoring hypoxia

The use of extensive monitoring approaches in patients with various forms of hypoxic disease has flourished extensively during the past decade. When coupled to advanced computer technology, the capacity for generation and storage of data has increased enormously. In addition to clinicans and biomedical scientists, the field has attracted engineers and computer scientists.
Multifrequency Full-Wave Simulations of Vegetation Using a Hybrid Method

In this article, we study wave propagation in vegetation at multiple frequencies using a hybrid method. First, the multiple scattering within a single plant is captured using the high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) for extracting the T-matrix of the plant in vector cylindrical waves (VCW). Second, the Foldy-Lax equations (FLE) are applied with the extracted T-matrices to consider the multiple scattering among different plants. The accuracy of the hybrid method is verified by comparing the scattering results from nine wheat plants with direct HFSS simulations. The hybrid method is implemented with parallel computing using a physical iterative method to perform full-wave Monte Carlo simulations of a wheat field with up to 169 plants at L-, S-, and C-bands. The impact of the gaps and the plant structure on the microwave propagations are studied by assessing the scattered fields and the resulting nonuniform transmission at different regions. The results are compared with modeling results using the classical radiative transfer equations (RTEs), and two major differences are observed: 1) the transmission calculated from the hybrid method is much larger than that of the RTE and 2) the full-wave simulation results show much weaker frequency dependence than RTE with saturation as frequency increases.
Eat, sleep, console method and the management of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: A literature review

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this article is to perform a literature review of current evidence studying the use of the Eat, Sleep, Console method of assessment for managing infants with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, more commonly known as Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Results Four main themes emerged from the review. When Eat, Sleep, Console was utilized as the assessment method for infants with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, a decrease in the pharmacological intervention was observed, length of hospitalization decreased along with the overall cost of treatment, and caregiver presence and involvement in the care of their infants improved. Conclusions Replacing traditional assessment tools with the ESC method for the management of newborn infants with NOWS has proven to have a positive impact on patient outcomes. Further research is needed to study the long-term outcomes of utilizing this method and to compare the impact of various pharmacotherapy drugs when employing the ESC method as the assessment tool. Multidisciplinary collaboration alongside extensive caregiver education and involvement is essential to the success of the ESC method.
Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein, COMP may be a Better Prognostic Marker Than CEACAM5 and Correlates With Colon Cancer Molecular Subtypes, Tumor Aggressiveness and Overall Survival

ABSTRACT Background New tumor biomarkers are needed to improve the management of Colon cancer (CC), the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), the translated protein of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) gene, is used as a biomarker for CC. Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) is overexpressed in CC compared to normal colon tissues. This study aims to evaluate the expression of COMP by disease stage, consensus molecular subtype (CMS), its impact on disease outcomes, and comparison to CEACAM5. Materials and methods RNA-seq data from 456 CC The Cancer Genome Atlas samples and 41 matching control samples were analyzed for COMP expression and CEACAM5 expression. We stratified tumor samples by stage (I-IV), subtype (CMS1-CMS4), tumor location, and Kirsten RAt Sarcoma (KRAS) mutant status and three quartiles were established based on COMP expression. Kaplan Meier survival outcomes were evaluated. Results COMP expression was significantly higher in tumor samples, with elevation of expression occurring in stage I and significantly increasing in stage IV. Increased COMP expression occurs in CMS4 with relatively low expression in CMS3. No significant expression difference was attributed to tumor location and KRAS mutant status. Compared to CEACAM5, COMP was a stronger molecular marker across stages and subtypes. CMS4 was associated with the high COMP expression, and higher levels of COMP were associated with poorer overall survival, disease-specific survival, and tumor progression-free intervals. CMS2 and 3 were associated with low expression and better survival. Conclusion COMP is a potential molecular biomarker for CC and may be superior to CEA as an indicator of CC.
Why paraphrase nihilism fails

Nihilists cannot square their position with common sense simply by paraphrasing away apparent ontological commitments in ordinary language. I argue for this claim by analogy. Paraphrase atheism says there is no God, but tries to square the truth of atheism with ordinary religious sentences by paraphrasing away apparent ontological commitments. Obviously, paraphrase does not reconcile atheism with ordinary language about God. I discuss two different reasons that paraphrase can fail and suggest that both reasons afflict paraphrase nihilism. Hence, paraphrase nihilism cannot reconcile nihilism and common sense, and so nihilists must look for some other strategy that can evade the force of the Atheism Case.
An interactive tool suite for real-time application development on heterogeneous high performance computing platforms

With the emergence of inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) parts, heterogeneous multi-processor HPC platforms have now become more affordable. However, the effort required in developing real-time applications that require high-performance and high input/output bandwidth for the HPC systems is still difficult. There are no software tools that allow an engineer to develop and field applications efficiently on the HPCs. This paper describes Honeywell's Multi-domain Embedded System Architect tool suite (MESA). The tool suite allows an engineer to rapidly develop an application on a COTS based heterogeneous HPC platform, effectively reducing the development time. To illustrate the cost benefit and the user friendliness of MESA, the mapping of the bistatic radar application on Honeywell's HPC will be presented.
The hematopoietic stem cell niche in homeostasis and disease

The bone marrow microenvironment contains a heterogeneous population of stromal cells organized into niches that support hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and other lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitors. The stem cell niche generates signals that regulate HSC self-renewal, quiescence, and differentiation. Here, we review recent studies that highlight the heterogeneity of the stromal cells that comprise stem cell niches and the complexity of the signals that they generate. We highlight emerging data that stem cell niches in the bone marrow are not static but instead are responsive to environmental stimuli. Finally, we review recent data showing that hematopoietic niches are altered in certain hematopoietic malignancies, and we discuss how these alterations might contribute to disease pathogenesis.
Identification of Rotylenchulus reniformis Resistant Glycine Lines

Identification of resistance to reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) is the first step in developing resistant soybean (Glycine max) cultivars that will benefit growers in the mid-South region of the United States. This study was conducted to identify soybean (G. max and G. soja) lines with resistance to this pathogen. Sixty-one wild and domestic soybean lines were evaluated in replicated growth chamber tests. Six previously untested soybean lines with useful levels of resistance to reniform nematode were identified in both initial screening and subsequent confirmation tests: released germplasm lines DS4-SCN05 (PI 656647) and DS-880 (PI 659348); accession PI 567516 C; and breeding lines DS97-84-1, 02011-126-1-1-2-1 and 02011-126-1-1-5-1. Eleven previously untested moderately susceptible or susceptible lines were also identified: released germplasm lines D68-0099 (PI 573285) and LG01-5087-5; accessions PI 200538, PI 416937, PI 423941, PI 437697, PI 467312, PI 468916, PI 594692, and PI 603751 A; and cultivar Stafford (PI 508269). Results of previously tested lines evaluated in the current study agreed with published reports 69.6% of the time for resistant lines and 87.5% of the time for susceptible lines. Soybean breeders may benefit from incorporating the newly identified resistant lines into their breeding programs.
Genetic programming in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are medium scale manifestations of a paintable or amorphous computing paradigm. WSNs are becoming increasingly important as they attain greater deployment. New techniques for evolutionary computing (EC) are needed to address these new computing models. This paper describes a novel effort to develop a variation of traditional parallel evolutionary computing models to enable their use in the wireless sensor network. The ability to compute evolutionary algorithms within the WSN has innumerable advantages including intelligent-sensing, resource-optimized communication strategies, intelligent-routing protocol design, novelty detection, etc. In this paper we develop a parallel evolutionary algorithm suitable for use in a WSN. We then describe the adaptations required to develop practicable implementations to effectively operate in resource constrained environments such as WSNs. Several adaptations including a novel representation scheme, an approximate fitness computation method and a sufficient statistics based data reduction technique. These adaptations lead to the development of a GP implementation that is usable on the low-power, small footprint architectures typical to wireless sensor motes. We demonstrate the utility of our formulations and validate the proposed ideas using the algorithm to compute symbolic regression problems.
Relating Chemical Structure to Cellular Response: An Integrative Analysis of Gene Expression, Bioactivity, and Structural Data Across 11,000 Compounds

A central premise in systems pharmacology is that structurally similar compounds have similar cellular responses; however, this principle often does not hold. One of the most widely used measures of cellular response is gene expression. By integrating gene expression data from Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) with chemical structure and bioactivity data from PubChem, we performed a large-scale correlation analysis of chemical structures and gene expression profiles of over 11,000 compounds taking into account confounding factors such as biological conditions (e.g., cell line, dose) and bioactivities. We found that structurally similar compounds do indeed yield similar gene expression profiles. There is an ∼20% chance that two structurally similar compounds (Tanimoto Coefficient ≥ 0.85) share significantly similar gene expression profiles. Regardless of structural similarity, two compounds tend to share similar gene expression profiles in a cell line when they are administrated at a higher dose or when the cell line is sensitive to both compounds.
Specific interaction between the self-splicing RNA of Tetrahymena and its guanosine substrate: implications for biological catalysis by RNA

Splicing of the ribosomal RNA precursor of Tetrahymena has previously been shown to require no protein in vitro; the cleavage-ligation activity is intrinsic to the RNA molecule. Analysis of the reaction kinetics with guanosine, which is a substrate in the reaction, and with several guanosine analogues suggests that guanosine binds to a specific site on the pre-rRNA. It appears that the RNA, like an enzyme, binds its substrate to promote the rate and specificity of a biological reaction.
Marie-4: a high-recall, self-improving Web crawler that finds images using captions

Marie-4, an intelligent software agent-based Web crawler and caption filter, searches the Web to find image captions and the associated image objects. It uses a broad set of criteria to yield higher recall than competing systems, which generally focus on high precision.
Low-temperature solution synthesis of the non-equilibrium ordered intermetallic compounds Au3Fe, Au3Co, and Au3Ni as nanocrystals.

Alloys and intermetallic compounds of Au with the 3d transition metals Fe, Co, and Ni are nonequilibrium phases that have many useful potential applications as catalytic, magnetic, optic, and multifunctional magneto-optic materials. However, the atomically ordered Au−M (M = Fe, Co, Ni) intermetallics are particularly elusive from a synthetic standpoint. Here we report the low-temperature solution synthesis of the L12 (Cu3Au-type) intermetallic compounds Au3Fe, Au3Co, and Au3Ni using n-butyllithium as a reducing agent. Reaction pathway studies for the Au3Co system indicate that Au nucleates first, followed by Co incorporation to form the intermetallic. The nonequilibrium intermetallic nanocrystals have been characterized by powder XRD, TEM, EDS, selected area electron diffraction, and nanobeam electron diffraction, which collectively confirm the compositions and superlattice structures.
A Force Domain Analog-to-Digital Converter Applied to Microscale Tensile Test

Mechanical characterization of sub-micron thin films or similar small scale structures have been a continuous challenge to the mechanics community due to the difficulty in accurately quantizing the applied load and the resulted deformation. In this paper, a new force-domain analog-to-digital converter (F-D ADC) created from the concept of Flash ADC in electronics is developed to perform thin film tensile tests. The key component of the F-D ADC is a quantizer-array of microfabricated buckling beams of varying lengths. During testing, the tensile force applied in the test specimen is converted to the compressive force in the quantizer beam array and digitized by using the critical buckling load of the beams as they progressively buckle with increasing force amplitude. The deformation of the specimen is controlled by the piezoelectric actuator. Successful testing of (110) single crystal silicon and titanium/nickel (Ti/Ni) multilayer thin film specimens demonstrated the feasibility of this novel F-D ADC concept.
Importance of Nursing with the Ablation Practice

The presentation/poster’s content focuses on the history of radiology nursing and the evolution to today’s ARIN membership and commitment to the specialty of radiology through certification. Present insight and knowledge of how today’s interdisciplinary and collaborative teamwork fosters and facilitates safe and supportive outcomes over the continuum of patient care as recognized by the Joint Commission. Reinstate the significance and role radiology nurses play in imaging, including health teachers, patient advocates, and promoters of safety and well-being. Discuss the QI initiatives implemented through cohesive departmental standards of care, protocol appendices, ALARA, Image Gently initiatives, and patient/staff safety improvements in MRI safety, such as house-wide level II safety training and adult and pediatric iodine allergy prep policies/procedures.
Luther's Bible: A Dynamic Equivalence Translation and Germanizing Force:

Cross-cultural communication is more than linguistics. But no effective transmission of the Gospel takes place across cultural boundaries apart from careful attention to the linguistic component. T...
Transcriptional repression of the testis-specific histone H1t gene mediated by an element upstream of the H1/AC box.

Abstract The testis-specific histone H1t gene is transcribed exclusively in primary spermatocytes and may be important for chromatin structure, transcription, and DNA repair during this stage of spermatogenesis. Transcriptional repression of the gene in other cell types is mediated in part by specific proximal and distal promoter elements and in some cell types by methylation of CpG dinucleotides within the promoter. Our laboratory identified a distal promoter element located between 948 and 780 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site and another laboratory identified a GC-rich region between the TATA box and transcription initiation site that contribute to repression. In this article we address transcriptional repression of the histone H1t gene by an element within the proximal promoter. We report discovery of an element designated H1t promoter repressor element (RE) located between −130 and −106 bp that contributes to repression. The findings support the hypothesis that multiple mechanisms are involved in transcriptional repression of the H1t gene. Transcriptional repression mediated by the RE element in NIH 3T3 cells appears to differ significantly from the mechanism mediated by the GC-rich region. Furthermore, binding proteins that form the RE complex are not present in rat testis where the gene is actively transcribed. Our findings provide a molecular basis for histone H1t gene repression.
Relationships of liver weight, cholesterol, albumin and α2-macroglobulin concentrations with ovarian function in swine

Abstract In two genetic swine models selected for diversity in ovulation rates (White composite controls and ovulation rate selection line, n=131; 1 2 White composite: 1 2 Meishan crossbreds, n=387), a positive relationship was established with liver weight and ovulation rate (P 1 2 White composite: 1 2 Meishan gilts). Serum cholesterol concentrations increased with liver weights (r=0.19; P
Ability and specialization among economic researchers

It is not obvious whether a firm's more talented workers should be more specialized, and in fact, the relationship between ability and specialization seems to differ across industries. In this paper, I examine the case of knowledge production in economic research, and find that abler economists tend to publish more general research. This result suggests substitutability between general and specialized skill in research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Silencing Safeguard: Links between RNA Silencing and mRNA Processing in Arabidopsis

RNA silencing is a genome defense mechanism used by many eukaryotic organisms to fight viruses and to control transposable elements. Work by Gregory et al. on Arabidopsis thaliana (in this issue of Developmental Cell ) revealed a mechanism whereby the plant protects its endogenous messenger RNAs from undergoing RNA silencing and uncovered an unexpected role of the cap-binding protein ABH1 in miRNA biogenesis.
Centroid-moment tensor solutions for January–March, 1983

Abstract Centroid-moment tensor solutions are presented for 89 earthquakes that occurred during the first quarter of 1983.
Recovering From Alcohol and Other Drug Dependency: Loss and Spirituality in a 12-Step Context

This study examines the 12-step approach to recovery from alcohol and drug addiction using a grief and loss paradigm. The extent to which reactions to recovery-related losses mediates the relationship between participation in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and recovery outcomes was examined, as well as whether spirituality mediates the relationship between AA/NA involvement and reactions to loss. The results indicate a link between involvement in AA and NA and reactions to recovery-related losses and suggest that spirituality may play a central role in transforming losses into personal growth, enhancing chances of lasting recovery.
Practice-based research: the Oregon experience.

Abstract Background: Practice-based research links community-based physicians and their patients with investigators at academic institutions. In 1992, Western States Chiropractic College developed an infrastructure, the Center for Outcomes Studies, to support practice-based research. The Low Back Pain Study, undertaken in collaboration with Oregon Health Sciences University, 111 medical physicians, and 60 chiropractors, relied on the Center for Outcomes Studies infrastructure for support in project implementation and maintenance. Results: Challenges, many of them critical, were a regular occurrence: dealing with unforeseen obstacles, establishing and maintaining physician buy-in, establishing and maintaining staff buy-in, implementing the protocol as directed and with minimal intrusiveness, maintaining enthusiasm for the project over time, and knowing where (and where not) to allocate the Study's time, energy, and money. Strategies were developed to overcome or minimize the impact of problems on a case-by-case basis. Conclusions: Successful practice-based research requires an awareness of study design issues and an appreciation of clinical practice logistics and priorities. Every effort must be made to include doctors and office staff in the implementation of the study in a manner that minimizes the study's intrusiveness and its economic impact on office organization, routine, and personnel. Investigators must understand and accept that there will be areas of the research environment over which they have no direct control. The challenges will be many, but they will be diminished by the rewards. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2001;24:25-33)
Parts of Antarctica's King George Island are littered with trash

A report released 7 February by ecologists from Germany's Friedrich Schiller University Jena reveals that parts of King George Island, a logistical hub for international research in Antarctica, are home to open pits of trash, decaying field huts, and other forms of pollution.
Falling and landing motion control for character animation

We introduce a new method to generate agile and natural human landing motions in real-time via physical simulation without using any mocap or pre-scripted sequences. We develop a general controller that allows the character to fall from a wide range of heights and initial speeds, continuously roll on the ground, and get back on its feet, without inducing large stress on joints at any moment. The character's motion is generated through a forward simulator and a control algorithm that consists of an airborne phase and a landing phase. During the airborne phase, the character optimizes its moment of inertia to meet the ideal relation between the landing velocity and the angle of attack, under the laws of conservation of momentum. The landing phase can be divided into three stages: impact, rolling, and getting-up. To reduce joint stress at landing, the character leverages contact forces to control linear momentum and angular momentum, resulting in a rolling motion which distributes impact over multiple body parts. We demonstrate that our control algorithm can be applied to a variety of initial conditions with different falling heights, orientations, and linear and angular velocities. Simulated results show that our algorithm can effectively create realistic action sequences comparable to real world footage of experienced freerunners.
Efficient low-field Stark interaction at 10.78 &#181;m

We describe a new Stark interaction in the 10μm region which is resonant at zero Stark field and produces large absorption changes at low voltages. The resonance is due to the interaction between the R(18) line at 10.78μm from a13CO 2 laser and the asQ
Modifications of the program scheme model

Abstract In [7] Paterson defined a formal model for abstract programs and proved many results about such schemas. In this paper we place minor modifications on the Paterson model, and consider the significance of these changes.