cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attention region based rate control algorithm for 3DVC depth map coding

This paper proposes an algorithm that can adjust the essential quality for different ROI and further control the bit rate. We select three characteristics for classification, namely foreground, the edges of objects, and dynamic region as the interesting area of eyes. In the region of high interest, we will give a smaller quantization parameter to achieve a better image quality; on the contrary, in the region of low interest, we then give a larger quantization parameter to reduce the amount of data. According to our last experimental results, our scenes would been correctly classified out, which was decreased by 10% and 5% of the bit-rate in comparison with the bit-rates of 3DVC reference software ATM6.0 and the references in bit-rate control.
Abstract 078: Functional Significance of the Chymase/Ang-(1-12) Pathway on Cardiomyocytes

Angiotensin-(1-12) [Ang-(1-12)] functions in rodents and humans as a tissue substrate for the direct generation of Ang II via chymase. Since its direct cardiac effect have not been studied, the importance of this renin-independent mechanism for Ang II paracrine/intracrine actions in modulating cardiac contractility were determined in freshly isolated myocytes from 11 normal SD rats. Systolic amplitude (SA), peak velocity of shortening (dL/dtmax), the peak velocity of relengthening (dR/dtmax), and changes in the peak calcium transient ([Ca2+]i) were evaluated before and following exposure to Ang II (10-6 M), Ang-(1-12) delivered alone (range: 2x10-6 to 4x10-6 M) or after 1 h incubation with human recombinant chymase (10 μg protein/mL at 37°C). Both Ang II and the mixture of Ang-(1-12) with chymase elicited positive inotropic responses in freshly isolated cardiac myocytes associated with significant increases in peak systolic [Ca2+]i (Figure) while superfusion of Ang-(1-12) alone elicited an increase in dL/dtmax without significant changes in [Ca2+]i. The increases in contractility elicited by Ang II or the Ang-(1-12)/chymase mixture were abolished by prior exposure of the myocytes to losartan (10-5 M) or the chymase inhibitor chymostatin (8x10-5 M). We conclude that in single adult rat myocytes Ang-(1-12) stimulates contractile function through a chymase mediated action and by mechanisms that implicate a paracrine/intracrine activation of intracellular calcium.
Major changes in microbial diversity and community composition across gut sections of a juvenile Panchlora cockroach.

Investigations of gut microbiomes have shed light on the diversity and genetic content of these communities, and helped shape our understanding of how host-associated microorganisms influence host physiology, behavior, and health. Despite the importance of gut microbes to metazoans, our understanding of the changes in diversity and composition across the alimentary tract, and the source of the resident community are limited. Here, using community metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we assess microbial community diversity and coding potential in the foregut, midgut, and hindgut of a juvenile Panchlora cockroach, which resides in the refuse piles of the leaf-cutter ant species Atta colombica. We found a significant shift in the microbial community structure and coding potential throughout the three gut sections of Panchlora sp., and through comparison with previously generated metagenomes of the cockroach’s food source and niche, we reveal that this shift in microbial community composition is influenced by the ecosystems in which Panchlora sp. occurs. While the foregut is composed of microbes that likely originate from the symbiotic fungus gardens of the ants, the midgut and hindgut are composed of a microbial community that is likely cockroach-specific. Analogous to mammalian systems, the midgut and hindgut appear to be dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes with the capacity for polysaccharide degradation, suggesting they may assist in the degradation of dietary plant material. Our work underscores the prominence of community changes throughout gut microbiomes and highlights ecological factors that underpin the structure and function of the symbiotic microbial communities of metazoans.
Selective expression of villin associated with active c-Src tyrosine kinase in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells

B50 Resistance of breast cancer cells to the antiestrogen tamoxifen has been associated with activation of c-Src tyrosine kinase. However, not all tamoxifen-resistant cells overexpress active c-Src. Using high-throughput Western analysis, we compared protein expression of tamoxifen-resistant variants derived from MCF-7 cells, which differ in their expression of active c-Src, and parental MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Over 1000 antibodies against known proteins were used in this proteomic analysis. Only one protein was identified as differentially expressed in cells with active c-Src. This protein was the actin binding protein villin. Expression of villin was undetectable in proliferating MCF-7 cells but overexpressed in tamoxifen-resistant variants with active c-Src. Expression of villin in tamoxifen-resistant cells was decreased by estrogen (50%). However, inhibition of c-Src with PP2 did not decrease the expression of villin significantly. Thus, our results suggest that high levels of villin may regulate c-Src activation. If so, villin expression could be a biomarker of active c-Src tyrosine kinase and predict tamoxifen-resistant growth in breast cancer cells.
Student and recent graduate perspectives on radiological imaging instruction during basic anatomy courses.

Recently, faculty at Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, have made efforts to improve the depth of radiological anatomy knowledge that students have, but no insights exist as to student and resident opinions of how clinically helpful deep anatomical understanding is. A single-institution survey of second- and fourth-year medical students and postgraduate year 1–4 residents from 11 specialties, composed of five-point Likert questions, sample examination questions, and narrative response questions, was distributed in 2015. One hundred seventy-seven of the 466 potential respondents replied (71 residents and 106 students), response rate 38.0%. No nonresponse bias was present in two separate analyses. Respondents generally favored a superficial “identification” question as more relevant to clinical practice, which was positively associated with increasing clinical experience ρ = 0.357, P < 0.001 by point-biserial correlation. Students and residents most commonly used self-directed methods to learn medical imaging during their medical anatomy courses (72.6 and 57.7%, respectively). Small group education was least commonly used by students and residents (45.3 and 39.4%, respectively), but most commonly recommended (62.3 and 69%, respectively). A total of 56.6 and 64.8% of students and residents, respectively, reported that having multiple learning methods was “quite” or “extremely” important. Respondents with more clinical experience were more likely to report that a superficial identification question was more clinically relevant than a question testing deeper radiological anatomy knowledge. Small group learning was preferred among students and residents but was the least commonly employed method of instruction. Both findings contrast starkly with current radiological anatomy instructional understanding and practices. Anat Sci Educ. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
Deep Multi-Task Multi-Channel Learning for Joint Classification and Regression of Brain Status.

Jointly identifying brain diseases and predicting clinical scores have attracted increasing attention in the domain of computer-aided diagnosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, since these two tasks are highly correlated. Although several joint learning models have been developed, most existing methods focus on using human-engineered features extracted from MRI data. Due to the possible heterogeneous property between human-engineered features and subsequent classification/regression models, those methods may lead to sub-optimal learning performance. In this paper, we propose a deep multi-task multi-channel learning (DM\(^2\)L) framework for simultaneous classification and regression for brain disease diagnosis, using MRI data and personal information (i.e., age, gender, and education level) of subjects. Specifically, we first identify discriminative anatomical landmarks from MR images in a data-driven manner, and then extract multiple image patches around these detected landmarks. A deep multi-task multi-channel convolutional neural network is then developed for joint disease classification and clinical score regression. We train our model on a large multi-center cohort (i.e., ADNI-1) and test it on an independent cohort (i.e., ADNI-2). Experimental results demonstrate that DM\(^2\)L is superior to the state-of-the-art approaches in brain diasease diagnosis.
Abstract 19919: Cardioprotection During Early Reperfusion via Complex I Inhibition by Metformin

Introduction: Mitochondria (MITO) mediate cardiac injury during ischemia (ISC)-reperfusion (REP). Transient, reversible blockade of the proximal electron transport chain (ETC) during early REP limi...
Algorithms for Search for Common Ancestors

Generation theory was developed as a tool for studying self-reproducing systems. In this paper we show that this theory can be applied to a search for common ancestors of living organisms. We give two algorithms with flowcharts in pseudocode for finding common ancestors of a set of microbes and describe the connection with the genography problem.
Ethics: I. Moral Laws

Ethics is another component of the Kantian philosophical system. In the course of developing his ideas, Kant’s inquiry shifted from Newton to Rousseau, from natural science and its philosophical significance to the spiritual world of humankind. In constructing the critical philosophy, Kant placed ethics on a higher plane than epistemology, although the latter is the starting point of his philosophy.
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH OF AISI 4340 STEEL IN HIGH PRESSURE HYDROGEN AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

The fracture toughness and the fatigue crack growth properties of the annealed, quenched and quenched-tempered AISI 4340 steel were investigated in high pressure hydrogen up to 9.9 MPa at room temperature. The effect of gaseous inhibitors added to hydrogen atmosphere on the fatigue crack growth of the steel to prevent hydrogen assisted fatigue crack growth was also examined. The following conclusions were drawn from the results: (1) The fracture toughness of the quenched steel both in argon and in hydrogen were almost constant at the stress intensity rate range tested. In all conditions of heat treatment the fracture toughness in hydrogen was smaller than that in argon and decreased with increasing hydrogen pressure. (2) The fatigue crack growth of the steel in hydrogen was higher than that in argon in all conditions of heat treatment. The order of hydrogen susceptibility of the heat treated steel was as follows; the annealed steel < the quenched one < the quenched-tempered one. (3) Carbon monoxide, oxygen or sulfur dioxide has much effect on preventing hydrogen assisted fatigue crack growth, but carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor or methyl mercaptan had little effect. On the other hand, hydrogen sulfide accelerated the fatigue crack growth.
Cognitive conditioning: Imagined stimulus contiguity and the third interval conditional GSR

The effect of repeatedly imagining paired or unpaired CSs and USs on the frequency of post-CS responses during real extinction was studied. Four groups of 10 Ss first received a model tone and shock. For two of the groups the stimuli were paired (delayed conditioning paradigm). For the others the stimuli were arranged in a long trace paradigm. The Ss then received a series of commands requiring them to imagine receiving paired CSs and USs, or to imagine the events singly. Then 10 real tone extinction trials were given. The groups which received delayed conditioning model stimuli were more responsive than trace groups, and groups which had imagined paired stimuli were more responsive than their unpaired controls. Cognitively oriented explanations of these findings were discussed.
Models of Maternity Histories and Age-Specific Birth Rates

At any time point, the size of a population closed to in-and-out migration will increase or decrease, depending on the balance between births and deaths. Consequently, along with the study of mortality discussed in the previous two chapters, the study of fertility, the factors and circumstances underlying the flow of births into a population, has long been of central interest to students of population. In countries in which births are registered according to the age of the mother and estimates of the size of the female population are available by age groups, age-specific birth (fertility) rates are routinely calculated. During the past two decades, however, the investigation of fertility has also been approached through the study of maternity histories, a study that is sometimes referred to as birth interval analysis. With respect to data requirements, the two approaches to investigating fertility are distinct. Period age-specific birth rates provide summary measures of the birth experiences of all women in the childbearing ages during short time periods, consisting of one or more calendar years. Analyzing data on maternity histories, on the other hand, entails following cohorts of women over longer time periods, which may, particularly in the analysis of historical data, include entire reproductive careers, starting with marriage to the onset of physiological sterility.
Likelihood Ratios and Applications

There are basically two reasons why likelihood ratios are important. First, many practical problems involve statistical testing of hypotheses. A good example is signal detection. Hypothesis testing almost always involves likelihood ratios. Second, in problems involving an infinite number of random variables, probability density functions no longer exist. Likelihood ratios can be used very much like probability density functions. In addition, they can be defined for an infinite number of random variables, while the ordinary probability density functions cannot be.
Law and the Eurozone Crisis

Much of the attention on the eurozone crisis has focused on agreements among national leaders, reactions in the bond markets and statements from credit rating agencies. However, the prospects for reform in the short term and for euro-area governance in the long term depend not only on national government preferences and market pressures, but on the constraints and opportunities created by EU law. In the short term, EU law will influence which reforms can be introduced in which time frame. In the longer term, the reforms that have been tabled envision a central role for national courts and the ECJ in eurozone governance. Member states will be required to entrench ‘debt brakes’ in their national constitutions, to be enforced by their national courts. The European Court of Justice will be asked to assure that these national debt brake provisions are transposed into national law adequately.While this approach to enforcement (relying on national courts backed up by the ECJ) is common in EU policy-making, the reforms proposed in reaction to the eurozone crisis would entail a profound judicialization of fiscal policy across Europe — asking courts to enforce deficit and debt restrictions that politicians have so long failed to enforce. This paper will examine the prospects for judicial enforcement of deficit and debt restrictions in the EU. The paper will offer a theoretical analysis of the prospects for successful enforcement and will draw empirical lessons from the experience of federal polities using judicially enforced restrictions on state borrowing.
Preparing the Online Language Program Administrator: A Needs Analysis of Intensive English Programs in the United States

As fully-online classes continue to grow in popularity, administrators of language programs in higher education settings are increasingly responsible for implementing and overseeing online language teaching classes and curricula. However, few language program administrators have extensive experience in online education, and little training exists at the administrative level for this field. In this mixed-methods study, survey and interview data with Intensive English Program (IEP) administrators in the United States show that less formal training and experience in online education are correlated with lower perceived self-efficacy among IEP administrators faced with managing online programs, and that IEP administrators overwhelmingly believe additional training would be beneficial. This study examines the needs described by participants and provides recommendations for future training options based on the needs identified.
Connecting creative coursework exposure and college student engagement across academic disciplines

This study extends research on the effectiveness of creativity training and the importance of student engagement in higher education. Using data from the “Senior Transitions” topical module of the ...
A functional analysis approach to the static replication of European options

The replication of any European contingent claim by a static portfolio of calls and puts with strikes forming a continuum, formally proven by Carr and Madan [Towards a theory of volatility trading....
Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Site-Promoted Selective Adsorption of Organic Molecules on Supported Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of customizable porous material, which have shown good performance in separation processes, because of their large surface area and molecular recognition property. Although the effects of chemical structure of MOFs on their separation performance were extensively studied, the exploration of their surface properties was still limited. This work demonstrated a MOF nanosheet with large amount of coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, Cu(BDC) (copper(II) benzenedicarboxylate), where the unsaturated Cu sites were utilized to selectively adsorb organic molecules with Lewis basicity. This work also investigated the direct growth of Cu(BDC) on the cellulose substrate, where the MOF nanosheets were immobilized on the cellulose substrate, enabling the composite material for practical applications. The heterogeneous nucleation and growth of MOF nanosheets on the cellulose were achieved by tuning the basicity of solution and reaction temperature. We believe this direct gro...
Tuning Gas Adsorption Selectivity and Diffusion Rates in Zeolites with Phosphonic Acid Monolayers

Summary The distillation of light gases requires significant energy inputs. Sorbents could alleviate this issue, but they must be able to separate molecules of similar size and chemical functionality. Here, we report the enhanced separations of gases such as propane and propylene using zeolite 5A modified with phosphonic acids (PAs) of varying alkyl tail length. All PAs slow the diffusion of n-C4H10 but generally have a smaller effect on the diffusion rate and loading of smaller molecules such as CO2 and CH4. However, methylphosphonic acid (C1PA) decreases by >90% both the diffusion rates and apparent equilibrium uptakes of n-C4H10 and C3H6. The achievable loadings of C3H6, C2H6, CH4, and CO2 are affected much less, resulting in a C3H6-C3H8 ideal selectivity of 59 ± 14. The unique effects of C1PA are correlated to a much higher extent of deposition near the zeolite surface, while longer-chain PAs are confined to a monolayer on the external surface.
The Slasher Film and the Final Girl Get Makeovers: It Follows and the Politics of Fourth Wave Feminism

This chapter looks at how David Robert Mitchell’s 2015 supernatural slasher film, It Follows, updates Carol Clover’s theorization of the slasher formula and the Final Girl trope. It hones in on the film’s disruption of the traditional binaries of the slasher and shows how the film denies the anticipated identificatory processes that suture the audience to the Final Girl. In doing so, it redirects attention to the film’s underlying commentary on race, class and gender. While these issues have always been latent in the slasher, they were often never made explicit. Emerging in the context of the fourth wave, It Follows opens up a space for imagining what a twenty-first-century Final Girl might look like in a conservative era that grows increasingly hostile to women and other minorities.
A probable atypical ulnar fracture in a man receiving denosumab.

Abstract Background Atypical femur fractures are widely recognized and associated with anti-resorptive therapy, most commonly bisphosphonates. These fractures generally occur in the femoral shaft or subtrochanteric region. Cases of atypical fractures at non-femur sites, including the ulna, have been reported. Case report Here we report a probable atypical ulnar fracture in a man receiving denosumab, who had been using his upper extremities for transfers and ambulation. Radiographs demonstrated a non-comminuted, transverse fracture somewhat similar to findings of atypical femur fractures. He was deemed a poor surgical candidate and treated with teriparatide. To our knowledge, this is the first reported probable atypical ulnar fracture potentially associated with denosumab use. Conclusion We believe it important that clinicians be aware of the association of anti-resorptive therapy with atypical fractures not only of the femur, but also at other skeletal sites. In patients on long-term anti-resorptive therapy, it is appropriate to consider that persistent “prodromal” pain might indicate an impending atypical fracture at an atypical skeletal site.
Returns to Overeducation: A Longitudinal Analysis of the U.S. Labor Market.

Abstract Studies examining the wage effect of overeducation have generated very consistent results. Their findings suggest that, for workers with similar educational attainment, workers who are overeducated for the job suffer from significant wage penalties. However, most studies use cross-sectional data, implicitly assuming that workers are randomly assigned to being overeducated. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the period 1979–2005, this study conducts a panel analysis to account for time-constant individual characteristics. It uses a numerical approach to provide the wage effects in the presence of non-classical measurement error in the educational mismatch variables. The results provide evidence that overeducated status does not cause lower earnings. Instead, the significant wage differential found in previous studies is simply a result of ignoring the non-random assignment of workers to jobs.
Brief of Professors William S. Dodge and Maggie Gardner as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents, Hungary v. Simon & Germany v. Philipp

This amicus brief of Professors William S. Dodge and Maggie Gardner was filed with the U.S. Supreme Court in support of respondents in Hungary v. Simon and Germany v. Philipp, two suits brought under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act’s expropriation exception for takings of property in connection with the Holocaust. The brief argues that the Supreme Court should not adopt the doctrine of prudential comity abstention urged by Hungary, Germany, and the United States. Federal courts have a fundament obligation to exercise the jurisdiction Congress has given them, subject to only limited exceptions. Prudential comity abstention, which weighs U.S. interests, the interests of foreign governments, and the adequacy of the foreign forum, is not a well-established doctrine of American law but was developed only recently by the Ninth and Eleventh Circuits. The doctrine is incompatible with the limits the Supreme Court has imposed on abstention. It is also highly discretionary and threatens to swallow up more narrowly circumscribed doctrines. If adopted in these cases, it would necessarily apply to private parties as well, with unpredictable consequences. But the Supreme Court need not adopt a new abstention doctrine because existing doctrines, including forum non conveniens, are sufficient to address comity concerns in cases like these.
Associations of Dietary Lipid-Soluble Micronutrients with Hepatic Steatosis among Adults in the United States.

Lipid-soluble micronutrients may be beneficial to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease due to their important roles in metabolism and maintaining tissue functions. Utilizing 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this study examined the potential overall and race/ethnicity-specific (black, Hispanic and white) associations of dietary lipid-soluble micronutrients (α-tocopherol, retinol, vitamin D, β-carotene and total carotenoids) with hepatic steatosis. The analysis included 4376 adults (1037 blacks, 981 Hispanics, 1549 whites) aged ≥20 years who completed the transient elastography examination with dietary data available. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using logistic regressions. The age-adjusted prevalence of steatosis was 20.9% for blacks, 34.0% for Hispanics and 28.7% for whites. Overall, dietary α-tocopherol was inversely associated with steatosis (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.35-0.74, Ptrend = 0.0003). The associations remained significant among blacks (highest vs. lowest tertile: OR = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.26-0.77, Ptrend = 0.002) and whites (highest vs. lowest tertile: OR = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.33-0.94, Ptrend = 0.02). Higher α-tocopherol intake was associated with lower odds of steatosis among all (Ptrend = 0.016) and black participants (Ptrend = 0.003) classified as never/rare/occasional alcohol drinkers. There was a trend suggesting higher β-carotene intake with lower odds of steatosis (Ptrend = 0.01). Our results suggest potential protective effects of dietary vitamin E as α-tocopherol on steatosis particularly among blacks.
Exploring Online Health Reviews to Monitor COVID-19 Public Health Responses in Alabama State Department of Corrections: Case Example.

Background: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has devastated incarcerated people throughout the United States. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a COVID-19 Health Review for Correctional Facilities. Methods: The COVID-19 Health Review survey for the Department of Corrections was developed in Qualtrics to assess the following: (1) COVID-19 testing, (2) providing personal protective equipment, (3) vaccination procedures, (4) quarantine procedures, (5) COVID-19 mortality rates for inmates, (6) COVID-19 mortality rates for correctional officers and prison staff, (7) COVID-19 infection rates for inmates, (8) COVID-19 infection rates for correctional officers and prison staff, and (9) uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. The estimated time to review the Alabama State Department of Corrections COVID-19 responses on their website and complete the survey items was 45 minutes to 1 hour. Results: Of the 21 participants who completed the COVID-19 Health Review for Correctional Facilities survey, 48% (n=10) identified as female, 43% (n=9) identified as male, and 10% (n=2) identified as transgender. For race, 29% (n=6) self-identified as Black or African American, 24% (n=5) Asian, 24% (n=5) White, 5% (n=1) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, and 19% (n=4) Other. In addition, 5 respondents self-identified as returning citizens. For COVID-19 review questions, the majority concluded that information on personal protective equipment was “poor” and “very poor,” information on COVID-19 testing was “fair” and above, information on COVID-19 death/infection rates between inmates and staff was “good” and “very good,” and information on vaccinations was “good” and “very good.” There was a significant difference observed (P=.03) between nonreturning citizens and returning citizens regarding the health grade review with respect to available information on COVID-19 infection rates. Conclusions: COVID-19 health reviews may provide an opportunity for the public to review the COVID-19 responses in correctional settings.
Designing for Framing in Online Teacher Education: Supporting Teachers’ Attending to Student Thinking in Video Discussions of Classroom Engineering:

Participating in discussions of classroom video can support teachers to attend to student thinking. Central to the success of these discussions is how teachers interpret the activity they are engag...
Clock Period Constraints: Multiple Stage Systems

In the last chapter the single stage timing constraints of the single stage system were examined in detail. In this chapter, these results are extended to the general case of the multistage system with possible feedback around registers. Most of the theory developed in the last chapter can easily extended to the multistage system. The goal of this chapter is to formalize the constraints of the general case and to present new performance results that are derived from this theoretical formulation.
Incorporation of Spatial and Economic Analyses of Human-Use Data in the Design of Marine Protected Areas

Social, economic, and ecological criteria contribute to the successful design, implementation, and management of marine protected areas (MPAs). In the context of California's Marine Life Protection Act Initiative, we developed a set of methods for collecting, compiling, and analyzing data about the spatial extent and relative economic importance of commercial and recreational fishing. We interviewed 174 commercial fishers who represented the major fisheries in the initiative's north-central coast region, which extends from Point Arena south to Pigeon Point. These fishers provided data that we used to map the extent of each of the fishing grounds, to weight the relative importance of areas within the grounds, to characterize the operating costs of each fishery, and to analyze the potential economic losses associated with proposed marine protected areas. A regional stakeholder group used the maps and impact analyses in conjunction with other data sets to iteratively identify economic and ecological trade-offs in designations of different areas as MPAs at regional, port, and fishery extents. Their final proposed MPA network designated 20% of state waters as MPAs. Potential net economic loss ranged from 1.7% to 14.2% in the first round of network design and totaled 6.3% in the final round of design. This process is a case study in the application of spatial analysis to validate and integrate local stakeholder knowledge in marine planning.
Science and Sensation in Romantic Poetry

Introduction: lyrical forms and empirical realities: reading Romanticism's 'language of the sense' Part I. Senses of History: Between the Mind and the World: 1. Powers of suggestion: sensation, revolution, and Romantic aesthetics 2. The 'sense of history' and the history of the senses: periodizing perception in Wordsworth and Blake Part II. Senses of Community: Lyric Subjectivity and 'The Culture of the Feelings' 3. Critical conditions: Coleridge, 'common sense', and the literature of self-experiment 4. Sense and consensus: Wordsworth, aesthetic culture, and the poet-physician Part III. The Persistence of the Aesthetic: Afterlives of Romanticism: 5. John Keats and the sense of the future 6. More than a feeling? Walter Pater, Wilkie Collins, and the legacies of Wordsworthian aesthetics Select bibliography.
Cyclic Constitutive Response and Effective S–N Diagram of M50 NiL Case-Hardened Bearing Steel Subjected to Rolling Contact Fatigue

A combined experimental and numerical method is developed to estimate the continuously evolving cyclic plastic strain amplitudes in plastically deformed subsurface regions of a case-hardened M50 NiL steel rod subjected to rolling contact fatigue (RCF) over several hundred million cycles. The subsurface hardness values measured over the entire plastically deformed regions and the elastoplastic von Mises stresses determined from the three-dimensional (3D) Hertzian contact finite element (FE) model have been used in conjunction with Neuber's rule to estimate the evolved cyclic plastic strain amplitudes at various points within the RCF-affected zone. The cyclic stress–strain plots developed as a function of case depth revealed that cyclic hardening exponent of the material is greater than the monotonic strain-hardening exponent. Effective S–N diagram for the RCF loading of the case-hardened steel has been presented and the effect of compressive mean stress on its fatigue strength has been explained using Haigh diagram. The compressive mean stress correction according to Haigh diagram predicts that the allowable fatigue strength of the steel increases by a factor of two compared to its fatigue limit before mean stress correction, thus potentially allowing the rolling element bearings to operate over several hundred billion cycles. The methodology presented here is generalized and can be adopted to obtain the constitutive response and S–N diagrams of both through- and case-hardened steels subjected to RCF.
Hemodynamic monitoring over the past 10 years

Changes in hemodynamic monitoring over the past 10 years have followed two paths. First, there has been a progressive decrease in invasive monitoring, most notably a reduction in the use of the pulmonary artery catheter because of a presumed lack of efficacy in its use in the management of critically ill patients, with an increased use of less invasive monitoring requiring only central venous and arterial catheterization to derive the same data. Second, numerous clinical trials have documented improved outcome and decreased costs when early goal-directed protocolized therapies are used in appropriate patient populations, such as patients with septic shock presenting to Emergency Departments and high-risk surgical patients before surgery (pre-optimization) and immediately after surgery (post-optimization). Novel monitoring will be driven more by its role in improving outcomes than in the technical abilities of the manufacturers.
Health promotion in Japan: comparisons with U.S. perspectives.

It is our hope that this issue of American Journal of Health Promotion will promote further discussions on health promotion among policy makers, businesses, health care providers, and researchers in Japan and worldwide. In exploring strategies for sustainable delivery of comprehensive quality health services, it is critical that discussions be based on data-driven empirical research. We would like to avoid premature rejection of health promotion, created by its careless introduction and lack of solid evaluation, in Japan or any other nation in the world. Careless introduction of a new innovation fails even if the innovation may have great potential. International dissemination is especially challenging because of the need to pay attention to many societal and cultural differences. Dissemination of health promotion is no exception. International collaboration in health promotion is already occurring through institutional cooperation as well as personal exchange. This collaboration is very encouraging, but it is critical to examine the external validity of research findings when disseminating findings across nations and cultures. Health promotion research in the United States has compiled substantial evidence that provides rationales for health promotion, especially in the workplace setting. It is hard to disagree with the idea of promoting health, preventing disease, and maintaining and enhancing the health of people. However, issues arise when it comes to making decisions as to who would pay for health promotion, how it is implemented, and how the outcomes are defined and evaluated. Vigorous effort has been spent on dealing with such issues in the United States. Because growing evidence shows that lifestyle factors account for a large portion of premature deaths and medical costs, legislation is beginning to emerge to make health promotion an important part of national health policy in the United States.1 Still, it is important to stress that what works in the United States may not necessarily work in Japan or other
Comparison of Three Nonsurgical Comparison Treatments for Bleeding Esophageal Varices

Ninety-seven patients with recent or active variceal bleeding were randomly assigned to oral propranolol, endoscopic sclerotherapy plus oral propranolol, or transhepatic sclerotherapy plus oral propranolol. The effects of treatment on the number of units transfused, rebleeding of any magnitude, major rebleeding, and death were assessed in these patients, 82% of whom were alcoholic and 81% Child's Class C. After a minimum follow-up interval of 2 yr (range, 27–65 mo), major rebleeding rates were 65% for propranolol alone, 45% for endoscopic sclerotherapy plus propranolol, and 60% for transhepatic sclerotherapy plus propranolol. The corresponding death rates were 81% for propranolol alone, 55% for endoscopic sclerotherapy plus propranolol, and 66% for transhepatic sclerotherapy plus propranolol (p = 0.03). Thirty-three patients (34%) never received propranolol: 8 due to medical contraindications and 25 because they died or bled enough to meet the definition of treatment failure within 3 or 4 days of randomizations (no significant differences among treatment groups). Patients assigned to propranolol alone bled sooner, bled more units, and had a higher mortality rate than patients treated by endoscopic sclerotherapy plus propranolol. Patients treated with transhepatic sclerotherapy plus propranolol had intermediate results. Propranolol alone is inadequate treatment for esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with advanced liver disease.
Numerical solution of the general mixed H 2 /H ∞ optimization problem

The necessary conditions for the nonconservative solution of the mixed H2/H∞ optimization problem have been presented. It was found that, for a controller of the same order as the plant, these conditions require a neutrally stablizing solution to a Riccati equation and a solution to a Lyapunov equation which has no unique solution. This paper develops a method for solving a suboptimal problem that converges to the true mixed solution while requiring only stabilizing solutions to Riccati equations and unique solutions to Lyapunov equations. Two numerical examples are presented. The numerical solution technique is based on the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell algorithm.
Cell kinetics of histologic variants of in situ breast carcinoma.

A thymidine labeling study of cell kinetics of 61in situ breast carcinomas showed relationships between histological characteristics and kinetics. The thymidine labeling index (TLI) was significantly lower in cribriform-papillary intraductal carcinoma (median 1.30%, geometric mean 1.18%, mean 1.83 ± 0.45%) and lobular carcinomain situ (median 1.43%, geometric mean 1.12%, mean 1.63 ± 0.46%) than in comedo intraductal carcinoma (median 4.40%, geometric mean 3.74%, mean 5.15 ± 0.86%). The results for solid intraductal carcinoma, which is a less well defined and more heterogeneous entity, were intermediate (median 2.45%, geometric mean 2.40%, mean 3.32 ± 0.80%). When invasive carcinoma was also available for kinetic study, the TLI ofin situ and invasive components were usually similar (r = 0.66). The data indicate that the TLI usually does not change during the transition fromin situ to invasive carcinoma. Cribriform-papillary intraductal carcinoma is a slowly proliferating entity that gives rise to slowly proliferating invasive carcinomas with relatively high levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Lobular carcinomain situ similarly has low proliferative rates and gives rise to slowly proliferating invasive carcinomas. Intraductal comedocarcinoma has relatively high proliferative rates and gives rise to invasive carcinomas with high proliferative rates that often are receptor-negative. Nine of the 11in situ carcinomas that were associated with invasive tumor and subsequent local recurrence or metastasis had TLIs above the median, and seven were comedo type with high TLIs. Our observations from thymidine labeling are consistent with a viewpoint regarding cribriform-papillary intraductal carcinoma as relatively bland, and comedo intraductal carcinoma as a distinctly more dangerous entity. Solid intraductal carcinoma seems to resemble cribriform-papillary more closely than comedo intraductal carcinoma.
Purinergic signaling regulates neural progenitor cell expansion and neurogenesis

Neural stem and progenitor cells typically exhibit a density-dependent survival and expansion, such that critical densities are required below which clonogenic progenitors are lost. This suggests that short-range autocrine factors may be critical for progenitor cell maintenance. We report here that purines drive the expansion of ventricular zone neural stem and progenitor cells, and that purine receptor activation is required for progenitor cells to be maintained as such. Neural progenitors expressed P2Y purinergic receptors and mobilized intracellular calcium in response to agonist. Receptor antagonists suppressed proliferation and permitted differentiation into neurons and glia in vitro, while subsequent removal of purinergic inhibition restored progenitor cell expansion. Real-time bioluminescence imaging of extracellular ATP revealed that the source of extracellular nucleotides are the progenitor cells themselves, which appear to release ATP in episodic burst events. Enzyme histochemistry of the adult rat brain for ectonucleotidase activity revealed that NTDPase, which acts to degrade active ATP and thereby clears it from areas of active purinergic transmission, was selectively localized to the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus, regions in which neuronal differentiation proceeds from the progenitor cell pool. These data suggest that purine nucleotides act as proliferation signals for neural progenitor cells, and thereby serve as negative regulators of terminal neuronal differentiation. As a result, progenitor cell-derived neurogenesis is thus associated with regions of both active purinergic signaling and modulation thereof.
Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy as a Creative Relational Approach to Treating Clients With Eating Disorders

The increased prevalence of reported eating disorders, in conjunction with their potentially fatal consequences, is a current mental health concern. Development and maintenance of body image, weight, and concerns around eating often stem from individuals’ various relational and cultural environments. We provide a discussion of Gestalt equine-assisted psychotherapy as a creative relational approach to eating disorder treatment and introduce a case example that illustrates the use and benefits of equine-assisted therapy with clients who have an eating disorder. A brief overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition diagnostic terms and criteria is also included. PERSPECTIVES FROM THE FIELD is a special feature included in this issue of the Journal of Creativity in Mental Health that provides mental health professionals with an opportunity to discuss their positions on a variety of creativity-related topics. In this issue, authors share two different perspectives on conce...
How well do ‘off‐price’ retailers satisfy consumers?

Off-price retailing is a new form of discount or low-price retailing that has become prominent in the U. S. during the past decade. In an attempt to satisfy today's quality-and price-conscious consumers, off-price retailers have utilized a marketing strategy of ‘brand and designer names for less’. Based on research assessing consumers' attitudes towards apparel offerings of off-price versus conventional retailers, we suggest that off-price retailers are not yet successful at satisfying consumers' needs and wants in their special niche of the market. We recommend several revised marketing strategies to enable off-price retailers to satisfy consumers better, and thereby maintain their niche in the ever competitive consumer market. We conclude by observing that it is important that consumer-orientated professionals take an advocacy role in encouraging retail institutions such as off-price stores to revise their marketing strategies to serve consumer interests better.
Galactosyltransferase activities in human sera: detection of a cancer-associated isoenzyme.

Summary Sera from normal subjects and cancer patients were evaluated for galactosyltransferase activity including kinetic and electrophoretic properties. Discontinuous polyacrylamide electrophoresis of whole sera demonstrated the presence of an additional peak of enzyme activity in cancer sera. The majority of recovered enzymatic activity in both normal and cancer sera ran as a broad band of activity behind an albumin standard; the cancerassociated peak was slower moving. Techniques have been developed for the rapid assay of galactosyltransferase activity from gel slices which permit detection of both peaks of activity.
Geometrically adaptive numerical integration

Numerical integration over solid domains often requires geometric adaptation to the solid's boundary. Traditional approaches employ hierarchical adaptive space decomposition, where the integration cells intersecting the boundary are either included or discarded based on their position with respect to the boundary and/or statistical measures. These techniques are inadequate when accurate integration near the boundary is particularly important. In boundary value problems, for instance, a small error in the boundary cells can lead to a large error in the computed field distribution.We propose a novel technique for exploiting the exact local geometry in boundary cells. A classification system similar to marching cubes is combined with a suitable parameterization of the boundary cell's geometry. We can then allocate integration points in boundary cells using the exact geometry instead of relying on statistical techniques. We show that the proposed geometrically adaptive integration technique yields greater accuracy with fewer integration points than previous techniques.
Alpha 1-antitrypsin in sera of inbred mice.

The level of α1-antitrypsin in the sera of 34 different inbred strains of mice was determined. There is a difference of over 100% between the high and low groups. Genetically closely related mice possess similar levels of α1-antitrypsin.
Characteristics of Laminar Lifted Flames in a Partially Premixed Jet

Abstract Abstract— The Bray-Moss-Libby model of premixed turbulent combustion supplemented with a model for the mean rate of creation of product is used to analyze the influence of gravity on horizontal premixed turbulent flames propagating either upward or downward into reactants. A parameter determining the extent of the influence of gravity involving various aerothermochemical quantities is identified. Earlier studies of gravity free flames are extended to include a prediction of turbulent flame speed including the influence of gravity by adoption of the KPP-condition of a minimum speed. A linearized treatment of the effect of gravity on the structure of premixed turbulent flames is carried out.