cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study of 7-Year Experience Using Percutaneous 14-French Pigtail Catheters for Traumatic Hemothorax/Hemopneumothorax at a Level-1 Trauma Center: Size Still Does Not Matter.

The effectiveness of 14-French (14F) pigtail catheters (PCs) compared to 32-40F chest tubes (CTs) in patients with traumatic hemothorax (HTX) and hemopneumothorax (HPTX) is becoming more well known but still lacking. The aim of our study was to analyze our cumulative experience and outcomes with PCs in patients with traumatic HTX/HPTX. We hypothesized that PCs would be as effective as CTs. Using our PC database, we analyzed all trauma patients who required chest drainage for HTX/HPTX from 2008 to 2014. Primary outcomes of interest, comparing PCs to CTs, included initial drainage output in milliliters (mL), tube insertion-related complications, and failure rate. For our statistical analysis, we used the unpaired Student’s t test, Chi-square test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. We defined statistical significance as P < 0.05. During the 7-year period, 496 trauma patients required chest drainage for traumatic HTX/HPTX: 307 by CTs and 189 by PCs. PC patients were older (52 ± 21 vs. 42 ± 19, P < 0.001), demonstrated a significantly higher occurrence of blunt trauma (86 vs. 55%, P ≤ 0.001), and had tubes placed in a non-emergent fashion (Day 1 [interquartile range (IQR) 1–3 days] for PC placement vs. Day 0 [IQR 0–1 days] for CT placement, P < 0.001). All primary outcomes of interest were similar, except that the initial drainage output for PCs was higher (425 mL [IQR 200–800 mL] vs. 300 mL [IQR 150–500], P < 0.001). Findings for subgroup analysis among emergent and non-emergent PC placement were also similar to CT placement. PCs had similar outcomes to CTs in terms of failure rate and tube insertion-related complications, and the initial drainage output from PCs was not inferior to that of CTs. The usage of PCs was, however, selective. A future multi-center study is needed to provide additional support and information for PC usage in traumatic HTX/HPTX.
Managing the People Side of Divestiture: Retention and Motivation

Divestiture activity is increasing as companies evaluate and optimize their product portfolios and service lines. In general, divestitures bring tremendous change and an extended period of uncertainty—beginning with the pre-deal announcement phase, throughout the divestiture planning phase (deal announcement to Day 1), and continuing post-Day 1, when the transformative activities peak.
Clinician-delivered cognitive training for children with attention problems: effects on cognition and behavior from the ThinkRx randomized controlled trial.

Purpose The impact of attention problems on academic and social functioning coupled with the large number of children failing to respond to stimulant medication or behavioral therapy makes adjunctive therapies such as cognitive training appealing for families and clinicians of children with attention difficulties or childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, the results of cognitive training studies have failed to find far transfer effects with this population. This study examined the quantitative cognitive effects and parent-reported behavioral effects of a clinician-delivered cognitive training program with children who have attention problems. Patients and methods Using a randomized controlled study design, we examined the impact of a clinician-delivered cognitive training program on processing speed, fluid reasoning, memory, visual processing, auditory processing, attention, overall intelligence quotient score, and behavior of students (n=13) aged 8–14 years with attention problems. Participants were randomly assigned to either a waitlist control group or a treatment group for 60 hours of cognitive training with ThinkRx, a clinician-delivered intervention that targets multiple cognitive skills with game-like, but rigorous mental tasks in 60–90-minute training sessions at least 3 days per week. Results Results included greater mean pretest to posttest change scores on all variables for the treatment group versus the control group with statistically significant differences noted in working memory, long-term memory, logic and reasoning, auditory processing, and intelligence quotient score. Qualitative outcomes included parent-reported changes in confidence, cooperation, and self-discipline. Conclusion Children with attention problems who completed 60 hours of clinician-delivered ThinkRx cognitive training realized both cognitive and behavioral improvements.
Structural health monitoring: applications and data analysis

Abstract: This chapter first provides an overview of structural health monitoring (SHM) along with components of a complete monitoring design. These components are associated with fundamental knowledge needs, technology needs and also socio-organizational challenges for applications especially in the area of civil infrastructure systems. A successful SHM design requires addressing each of these considerations with an integrated approach offering various types of application scenarios for decision making. In this chapter, particular emphasis is given to data analysis and interpretation as a very critical aspect of SHM implementation. Some of the data analysis methods are presented with the goal of illustrating particular engineering applications and needs. Critical considerations for SHM data analysis and interpretations are discussed in terms of system characterization, sensing, data quality, presentation and decision making.
Exploring the Boys’ Literacy Land

In the last few decades research has drawn attention to various educational concerns about boys. Recent findings have indicated that boys do not view education positively, do not like to read, and often do not read very well; in fact, a growing percentage of boys are ‘failing’ at school (Coles & Hall, 2001; Francis, 2000; Gilbert and Gilbert, 1998; Kenway & Willis, 1998; Millard, 1997; Phillips, 1998; Pollack, 1998).
Retraso psicomotor y regresión

El diagnostico diferencial del retraso psicomotor (retraso del desarrollo) es muy distinto al de la regresion psicomotora. El progreso lento en la obtencion de los hitos del desarrollo puede estar causado por encefalopatias estaticas ( tabla 5-1 ) o progresivas ( tabla 5-2 ). En contraste, la perdida de hitos del desarrollo obtenidos previamente suele indicar una enfermedad progresiva del sistema nervioso, pero se puede deber tambien a percepcion erronea por parte de los padres, de los hitos obtenidos o aparicion de nuevas manifestaciones clinicas de un trastorno estatico establecido, conforme madura el encefalo ( tabla 5-3 ).
Brief Announcement: A Local Stochastic Algorithm for Separation in Heterogeneous Self-Organizing Particle Systems

We investigate stochastic, distributed algorithms that can accomplish separation and integration behaviors in self-organizing particle systems, an abstraction of programmable matter. These particle systems are composed of individual computational units known as particles that have limited memory, strictly local communication abilities, and modest computational power, and which collectively solve system-wide problems of movement and coordination. In this work, we extend the usual notion of a particle system to treat heterogeneous systems by considering particles of different colors. We present a fully distributed, asynchronous, stochastic algorithm for separation, where the particle system self-organizes into segregated color classes using only local information about each particle's preference for being near others of the same color. Conversely, by simply changing the particles' preferences, the color classes become well-integrated. We rigorously analyze the convergence of our distributed, stochastic algorithm and prove that under certain conditions separation occurs. We also present simulations demonstrating our algorithm achieves both separation and integration.
Changing Epidemiology of the American Population.

The changing epidemiology of the geriatric population in the United States has diverse social, medical, and financial implications that will continue to expand over the next few decades. According to the US Census Bureau, 20% of the US population will be 65 years or older by 2030 and more than 50% will eventually belong to a minority group. These changes are expected to be accompanied by several effects on the geriatric population’s demographics, injury characteristics, surgical interventions, and the cost of caring for the geriatric population, which will ultimately broaden the financial burden
Complex-type N-glycans on VSV-G pseudotyped HIV exhibit ‘tough’ sialic and ‘brittle’ mannose self-adhesions

The complex-type glycan shields of eukaryotic cells have a core layer of mannose residues buried under tiers of sugars that end with sialic acid (SA) residues. We investigate if the self-latching of mannose residues, earlier reported in pure monolayer studies, also manifests in the setting of a complex-type glycan shield. Would distal SA residues impede access to the mannose core? The interactions of mannobiose-, SA-, and lactose-coated probes with the complex-type VSV-G glycan shield on an HIV pseudovirus were studied with force-spectroscopy and gold-nanoparticle solutions. In force spectroscopy, the sugar probes can be forced to sample the depths of the glycan shield, whereas with sugar-coated nanoparticles, only interactions permitted by freely-diffusive contact occur. Deep-indentation mechanics was performed to verify the inferred structure of the engineered virus and to isolate the glycan shield layer for subsequent interaction studies. The adhesion between the sugar-probes and complex-type glycan shield was deconvoluted by comparing against the cross- and self- adhesions between the sugars in pure monolayers. Results from complementing systems were consistent with mannobiose-coated probes latching to the mannose core in the glycan shield, unhindered by the SA and distal sugars, with a short-range 'brittle' release of adhesion resulting in tightly coated viruses. SA-Coated probes, however, adhere to the terminal SA layer of a glycan shield with long-range and mechanically 'tough' adhesions resulting in large-scale virus aggregation. Lactose-coated probes exhibit ill-defined adherence to sialic residues. The selection and positioning of sugars within a glycan shield can influence how carbohydrate surfaces of different composition adhere.
Generalized Mining of Relationship-Based Access Control Policies in Evolving Systems

Relationship-based access control (ReBAC) provides a flexible approach to specify policies based on relationships between system entities, which makes them a natural fit for many modern information systems, beyond online social networks. In this paper we are concerned with the problem of mining ReBAC policies from lower-level authorization information. Mining ReBAC policies can address transforming access control paradigms to ReBAC, reformulating existing ReBAC policies as more information becomes available, as well as inferring potentially unknown policies. Particularly, we propose a systematic algorithm for mining ReBAC authorization policies, and a first of its kind approach to mine graph transition policies that govern the evolution of ReBAC systems. Experimental evaluation manifests efficiency of the proposed approaches.
Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia simulation: use of meat glue in inexpensive and realistic nerve block models

Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) is increasingly used by emergency physicians to provide safe and effective pain relief for patients. However, one of the factors limiting its widespread use is the lack of realistic models available for learners to train on. There are currently no inexpensive nerve block models available that are injectable and that closely mimic nerves, fascial planes, muscles, and other landmarks. Our aim is to create inexpensive, injectable nerve block models that can be used as effective medical training tools for UGRA. By using a lean cut of pork such as pork loin, yarn soaked in ultrasound gel to simulate peripheral nerves, and drinking straws filled with gel to represent vascular structures, we created various nerve block models. Meat glue applied between sections of meat appears hyperechoic under ultrasound, thereby mimicking fascial planes and has the added benefit of helping to secure the components of the model together. Using these elements, we were able to create realistic peripheral nerve, fascia iliaca compartment, serratus anterior plane, and interscalene brachial plexus models. One of the necessary skills in performing UGRA involves placing the needle tip along a fascial plane and visualizing hydrodissection of this plane with the local anesthetic. When meat glue (transglutaminase) is applied between layers of meat such as pork loin, the meat binds together and creates a hyperechoic line that mimics a fascial plane. When meat glue is applied to two apposing fascial layers naturally occurring on the meat, the fascial plane can be injected, and fluid can be seen hydrodissecting in this space. We created several nerve block models using meat glue and other components to mimic normal landmarks. We have developed inexpensive and easily reproducible models that create the realistic appearance of tissues, nerves, and fascial planes under ultrasound. They can also accurately simulate hydrodissection of fluid in fascial planes. We hope these nerve block models will allow for the education in UGRA to be more widespread and accessible to learners from all specialties.
Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery to maximally benefit patients—what is the key to success today and tomorrow?

Mitral valve surgery remains the standard of care for the vast majority of patients with mitral valve pathology. Surgical mitral valve repair of primary degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) in particular has excellent long-term outcomes with very low operative mortality and morbidity in the hands of experienced cardiac surgeons (1,2).
Combustion plasma electrical conductivity model validation for oxy-fuel MHD applications: Spectroscopic and electrostatic probe studies

Abstract The U.S. Department of Energy has a renewed interest in direct power extraction (DPE) technologies, such as a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator, in conjunction with oxy-fuel combustion. As a topping cycle, this configuration can enable efficient CO2 capture, while offsetting oxygen separation penalties. In order to appropriately evaluate these cycles in the context of modern plant configurations, validated modeling tools are needed. In a prior publication (Bedick et al., 2016), an electrical conductivity model was presented for oxy-fuel MHD applications. However, rigorous validation of the model could not be performed due to a lack of high-quality experimental data at relevant conditions. In this publication, validation experiments were performed and relevant parameters quantified using spectroscopic and electrostatic probe diagnostics. Oxygen-methane flames were generated using a Hencken burner and seeded with K2CO3 to increase ionization and electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity model from Bedick et al. (2016) was integrated into a 3D CFD simulation of a single burner quadrant and a reaction mechanism including potassium kinetics and ionization was utilized. Lineshape fitting techniques were implemented to determine atomic potassium concentration and gas temperature, while appropriate electrostatic probe theory was applied to derive potassium ion concentrations from experimental current-voltage characteristics. Measured quantities are compared to CFD predictions as a function of seed rate and spatial location within the flame, showing good overall agreement. Indirect validation of electrical conductivity predictions is performed using measured quantities, with results falling well within the bounds of measurement uncertainty.
Mechanistic basis for tuning iridium hydride photochemistry from H2 evolution to hydride transfer hydrodechlorination.

The photochemistry of metal hydride complexes is dominated by H2 evolution, limiting access to reductive transformations based on photochemical hydride transfer. In this article, the innate H2 evolution photochemistry of the iridium hydride complexes [Cp*Ir(bpy-OMe)H]+ (1, bpy-OMe = 4,4ʹ-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine) and [Cp*Ir(bpy)H]+ (2, bpy = 2,2ʹ-bipyridine) is diverted towards photochemical hydrodechlorination. Net hydride transfer from 1 and 2 to dichloromethane produces chloromethane with high selectivity and exceptional photochemical quantum yield (Φ ≤ 1.3). Thermodynamic and kinetic mechanistic studies are consistent with a non-radical-chain reaction sequence initiated by “self-quenching” electron transfer between excited state and ground state hydride complexes, followed by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) hydrodechlorination that outcompetes H–H coupling. This unique photochemical mechanism provides a new hope for the development of light-driven hydride transfer reactions.
Laser interstitial thermal therapy for brain metastases.

Current strategies for the treatment of metastatic brain tumors include surgical resection or ablation, stereotactic radiosurgery, fractionated radiation therapy, whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), and in select cases, targeted medical therapy. Though the treatment of intracranial metastatic tumors has improved significantly over the last two decades, there is still a large subset of patients who do not respond to treatment. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a novel, highly focused, minimally invasive technique that can be used to treat a variety of solid organ tumors. After decades of struggles, LITT established its place in the neurosurgeon’s armamentarium. This has been made possible by the utilization of recent advances in imaging technology like MR thermography. Proper patient selection for the appropriate indication is of utmost importance in ensuring the success of LITT. In this chapter, we review the current literature on the role of LITT in treatment of brain metastases and discuss its role in treating this difficult entity.
Exceptional horsewomen: navigating the Moroccan equestrian sport of tbourida

This article examines the traditional equestrian sport of tbourida (also known as fantasia) to provide insight into the power and politics that drive tbourida as a sport and demonstrate how excepti...
Material Traces of Disability: Andrew Gawley’s Steel Hands

This paper examines the lived experiences of Canadian machinist and double-amputee Andrew A. Gawley (1895–1961), whose prosthetic “steel hands” rose him to fame during the mid-twentieth century, to analyze how disability objects can illuminate complex tensions of unruliness to represent a fraught epistemological materiality. Drawing on Williamson and Guffey’s “design model of disability,” I argue that Gawley’s prostheses are physical and tangible representations of his need to achieve functional normalcy. His self-reliance and identity was not only premised on ability, but dependent upon the complex unruliness ascribed within the prostheses, such that the sensationalized freakery of the “steel hands” become as crucial to Gawley’s identity as his performances of normative masculinity.
Room Impulse Response Interpolation from a Sparse Set of Measurements Using a Modal Architecture

In augmented reality applications, where room geometries and material properties are not readily available, it is desirable to get a representation of the sound field in a room from a limited set of available room impulse response measurements. In this paper, we propose a novel method for 2D interpolation of room modes from a sparse set of RIR measurements that are non-uniformly sampled within a space. We first obtain the mode parameters of a measured room. Using the common-acoustical pole theory, the mode frequencies and decay rates are kept constant over space, and a unique set of mode amplitudes is obtained for each measurement location. Based on the general solution to the Helmholtz equation, these mode amplitudes are modeled as periodic functions of 2D spatial location. For low frequency room modes, the model parameters are found with sequential non-linear least squares. Results show accurate spatial interpolation of perceptually relevant low frequency modes in rooms with simple geometries having non-rigid walls.
College-level placement for heritage language learners

The accuracy of placement results undoubtedly affects students' subsequent learning achievements in language programs. Although there has been a growing body of studies in the field of heritage language (HL) education, research on HL placement remains scarce, and little is known about the most appropriate and effective ways to place heritage language learners (HLLs). This article synthesizes and qualitatively analyzes the types of common practices and principles that college-level language programs in the United States have adopted to place HLLs. A total of 752 peer-reviewed journal articles published from 2000 to 2019 were retrieved from three databases, and 16 articles were included for the final content analysis. Three recurring themes, (1) the definitions of HLLs, (2) HL placement methods focusing on biographical questionnaires and locally designed placement tests, and (3) logistics, are identified in the review. This article discusses the current knowledge in these three areas and unpacks the implications for future HL placement design and implementation.
Genetic Susceptibility for Low Testosterone in Men and Its Implications in Biology and Screening: Data from the UK Biobank.

Background Despite strong evidence of heritability, few studies have attempted to unveil the genetic underpinnings of testosterone levels. Objective To identify testosterone-associated loci in a large study and assess their biological and clinical implications. Design setting and participants The participants were men from the UK Biobank. A two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) was first used to identify/validate loci for low testosterone (LowT, <8 nmol/l) in 80% of men (N = 148 902). The cumulative effect of independent LowT risk loci was then evaluated in the remaining 20% of men. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with LowT were tested using an additive model. Analyses of the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) were performed to assess the associations between significant SNPs and expression of nearby genes (within 1 Mbp). A genetic risk score (GRS) was used to assess the cumulative effect of multiple independent SNPs on LowT risk. Results and limitations The two-stage GWAS found SNPs in 141 loci of 41 cytobands that were significantly associated with LowT (p < 5 × 10-8), including 94 novel loci from 38 cytobands. An eQTL analysis of these 141 loci revealed significant associations with RNA expression of 155 genes, including previously implicated (SHBG and JMJD1C) and novel (LIN28B, LCMT2, and ZBTB4) genes. Among the 141 loci, 42 were independently associated with LowT after a multivariable analysis. The GRS based on these 42 loci was significantly associated with LowT risk in independent individuals (N = 37 225, ptrend = 3.16 × 10-162). The risk ratio for LowT between men in the top and those in the bottom GRS deciles was 4.98-fold. Results are limited in generalizability as only Caucasians were studied. Conclusions Identification of the genetic variants associated with LowT may improve our understanding of its etiology and identify high-risk men for LowT screening. Patient summary We identified 141 new genetic loci that can be incorporated into a genetic risk score that can potentially identify men with low testosterone.
Classifying 5 d SCFTs via 6 d SCFTs: arbitrary rank

According to a conjecture, all 5d SCFTs should be obtainable by rank- preserving RG flows of 6d SCFTs compactified on a circle possibly twisted by a background for the discrete global symmetries around the circle. For a 6d SCFT admitting an F-theory construction, its untwisted compactification admits a dual M-theory description in terms of a “parent” Calabi-Yau threefold which captures the Coulomb branch of the compacti- fied 6d SCFT. The RG flows to 5d SCFTs can then be identified with a sequence of flop transitions and blowdowns of the parent Calabi-Yau leading to “descendant” Calabi-Yau threefolds which describe the Coulomb branches of the resulting 5d SCFTs. An explicit description of parent Calabi-Yaus is known for untwisted compactifications of rank one 6d SCFTs. In this paper, we provide a description of parent Calabi-Yaus for untwisted compactifications of arbitrary rank 6d SCFTs. Since 6d SCFTs of arbitrary rank can be viewed as being constructed out of rank one SCFTs, we accomplish the extension to arbi- trary rank by identifying a prescription for gluing together Calabi-Yaus associated to rank one 6d SCFTs.
Multi-Elemental Isotope And Analog Tracer Application To Measure Nutrient Uptake And Distribution In Malus × Domestica Borkh

ABSTRACT Plant nutrient uptake is critical to maintain an optimum balance between vegetative and reproductive growth and fruit quality. Nutrient imbalances, and more specifically the relationship of potassium, magnesium and nitrogen to calcium, can be critical for fruit quality in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). In perennial plants, it is difficult to conduct short-term experiments to measure plant uptake and distribution in response to either cultivar or treatment because of substantial preexisting nutrient pools already present. The use of isotopically labeled nitrogen, and nutrient analogs such as strontium and rubidium allow for the quantification of uptake and distribution that is often not possible with bulk mineral analysis. Here, the objective was to understand how scion genotype influences nutrient uptake and partitioning between aboveground and below ground parts of the tree. In this experiment, 10 atom% 15N, Strontium (Sr), and Rubidium (Rb) were applied to three different potted apple cultivars that were either treated with ABA 250 mg/L or 500 mg/L or an untreated control. After 70 days of growth, overall recovery rates of each tracer reflected the mobility of their nutrient analog. Strontium had an average tracer recovery rate of 3.9%, followed by 15N with 14.6% recovery and finally Rb with 15.1%. Independent of treatment, ‘Gala’ significantly absorbed more tracer followed by Granny Smith and Honeycrisp for Rb and Sr but not 15N. These results have implications in understanding the association between aboveground factors like transpiration and nutrient uptake and distribution in apple.
Perceived Barriers to Weight Loss among Hispanic Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing problem in the United States and Hispanics experience the highest burden of this disease. Weight loss, physical activity (PA) and a healthy diet are the mainstay for NAFLD treatment, but patients experience barriers to behavior change. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers hindering Hispanic patients with NAFLD from making changes to PA and dietary habits. METHODS Participants referred to a multidisciplinary clinic completed self-administered questionnaires that measured barriers to greater PA engagement and eating healthier, with both close-ended and open-ended responses. One bilingual coder reviewed and categorized all open-ended responses. RESULTS The study population included 414 patients. The top five barriers for eating healthier were cost, perceptions that healthier food does not taste good, lack of time to cook, difficulty of cooking, and difficulty in going to the grocery store. Lack of time, feeling lazy, pain, a lack of place to exercise, and the perception that exercise is difficult were the top five barriers to PA engagement. CONCLUSIONS Since Hispanic adults with NAFLD experience similar barriers to Hispanic adults more generally, existing behavioral lifestyle interventions may work well in this clinical population with some adaption for NAFLD-specific education.
A Case of Idiopathic Portal Vein Thrombosis in an Immunocompetent Female

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is characterized by a complete or partial occlusion of the portal vein by a thrombus. The formation of the thrombus is usually attributed to an underlying condition that is causing a hypercoagulable state, such as malignancy or cirrhosis. When these causes are ruled out, a hypercoagulable workup can reveal other underlying prothrombotic etiologies. Still, some cases of PVT occur without any definitive underlying condition, leading to the diagnosis of idiopathic PVT. This occurred in our patient, a 53-year-old female who presented with PVT but had no clear underlying condition that led to her pathology after an extensive medical investigation.
Teachers' Perceptions of Using Digital Gaming in Classrooms

Digital gaming is a widespread activity in our society; more than 45 million homes have video-game consoles. Mostly, educators see this as a waste of valuable time that could be used for learning instead. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study is to understand teachers' perspectives on using digital gaming among their students at Northern Illinois University in the state of Illinois. The main findings of this study discovered that most of the teachers who were interviewed have a positive attitude toward digital gaming and they think it that has a number of benefits that should not be ignored. Moreover, the results of this study revealed that teachers noted that using digital games increased students' engagement as well as improved students' skills, such as critical thinking, self- directed learning, technological skills, and self- motivation. This study has showed that indeed digital games have a bright future as a tool used at various stages of learning for different levels of students. Consequently, the educational policy makers should to embrace digital gaming as a learning tool.
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections

Surgical consultation for soft tissue infections is a common if not banal part of our practice. It is tempting to react with a sense of annoyance at having to trudge over to see yet another case of inguinal lymphadenitis or a leg cellulitis in the emergency department. However, every once in a while, the referring physician’s description over the phone carries some vague sense of trepidation that this infection is somehow different and indeed the case becomes legendary to the practitioners who care for the child. How do we decide when a case is a simple soft tissue infection and how do we pull the trigger on surgical aggression that can result in loss of limb or disfiguring removal of tissue? Is it intuition or are there surgical signs that help us appropriately to accelerate our care?
Life Without Pigs: Recent Subsistence Changes Among the Irakia Awa, Papua New Guinea

Beginning in the late 1980s, the Irakia Awa commenced changing their basic subsistence adaptation. This included altering gardening practices, changing basic food consumption patterns, and most importantly, eliminating the production of domestic pigs. These changes were undertaken as part of an effort to improve the life experience of local residents and usher in a new plan of village improvement. The plan promoted the disintensification of subsistence production and increased involvement in cash-earning and recreational pursuits, as well as Christianity. If successful, the promoters of the plan hope that the village will become a more attractive place to live, migrants living away will return home to help revitalize the community, and Irakia will flourish in the new cash-oriented modern economy.
Oceanography. The Rossby rototiller.

Planetary waves, also known as Rossby waves, propagate throughout the world's oceans on very large scales. They influence the ocean–climate system and also, it seems, the delivery of nutrients to the ocean surface.
- CK1: Casein kinase 1 (vertebrates)

The chapter discusses the Casein kinase 1 (CK1) that has a wide variety of substrates, but effects on their function have been difficult to document. No clear-cut mechanism of regulation has been defined. Early evidence suggested modest regulation by insulin, and more recent data suggest regulatory effects of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. The existence of multiple (at least eight) isoforms may have confounded efforts to understand regulation of CK1. Recognition of some of its substrates is controlled by hierarchical phosphorylation: only phosphorylated forms of these substrates are recognized. An example of possible physiological significance is the phosphorylation of S10 of glycogen synthase, which occurs only after phosphorylation of S7 by another protein kinase. Phosphorylation of S10 inhibits glycogen synthase activity. Genetic evidence from yeast homologues Hrr25 and Yck1/2 suggests a role in DNA repair and cell division. The CK1 family represents a distant branch of the protein kinase family. The hallmarks of protein kinase subdomains VIII and XI are difficult to identify. All forms consist of a single catalytic subunit. CK1α can occur in at least three alternatively spliced forms. Inserted exons have been found between subdomains VI and VII, and between VIa and VIb. In addition to CK1β and CK1δ, three isoforms of CK1g have recently been sequenced.
CFD simulation of a fluidized bed using the EMMS approach for the gas-solid drag force

Abstract Drag force is one of the main contributing factors in describing the hydrodynamics of gas-solid flow systems. In fact, the drag force is the primary coupling force between the fluid and particulate phases. Therefore, accurate prediction of the drag is the goal of the present study. Flow of particulate solids in gas-solid flow systems is inherently heterogeneous due to different attraction and repulsion forces between the particles. The assumption of a homogeneous system leads to unrealistic predictions of system characteristics for different gas-solid regimes, e.g., bubbling fluidized beds and circulating fluidized beds. In the literature, several approaches have been developed to encounter the effect of heterogeneities inside the system, e.g., EMMS (Energy Minimization Multi-Scale) and subgrid filtering approaches. In this study, an EMMS approach was applied to a fluidized bed operating at the ranges between the bubbling regime and packed bed. The result of 2D simulations in a fluidized bed was compared with both experimental data and homogeneous models. Simulation results using the EMMS approach showed very good agreement with the Krishna [20] bed expansion experimental data, while the modeling using homogeneous drag force diverged considerably from the experimental data.
The effect of desvenlafaxine 50 mg/day on a subpopulation of anxious/depressed patients: a pooled analysis of seven randomized, placebo-controlled studies.

Background Desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate) for anxious depression was assessed in a post hoc analysis. Methods Data were pooled from patients randomly assigned to desvenlafaxine 50 mg/day or placebo in seven double-blind, fixed-dose studies in adults with major depressive disorder. Patients with “anxious depression” had baseline 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, anxiety–somatization factor (HAM-D17 A/S) scores ≥7. Primary end point was change in HAM-D17 scores from baseline at week 8 (last observation carried forward), evaluated using analysis of covariance with treatment, study, and baseline value as covariates. Results A total of 1873/2706 (69%) patients were identified as “anxious depressed”. Desvenlafaxine significantly improved HAM-D17 total scores versus placebo in anxious (adjusted mean [95% CI] −1.72 [−2.35, −1.09]; p < 0.001) and nonanxious (−1.48 [−2.40, −0.57]; p = 0.002) populations, with no significant treatment-by-anxiety interaction. Response and remission rates (HAM-D17) were significantly higher with desvenlafaxine compared with placebo in both populations. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported by 78% and 69% (desvenlafaxine versus placebo, respectively) of anxious depressed patients and by 77% and 68% of nonanxious patients. Conclusion Desvenlafaxine 50 mg/day significantly improved depressive symptoms compared with placebo in major depressive disorder patients with clinically relevant anxiety symptoms. Improvement in the HAM-D17 total score was similar for anxious/nonanxious groups. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CRONO: A Benchmark Suite for Multithreaded Graph Algorithms Executing on Futuristic Multicores

Algorithms operating on a graph setting are known to be highly irregular and unstructured. This leads to workload imbalance and data locality challenge when these algorithms are parallelized and executed on the evolving multicore processors. Previous parallel benchmark suites for shared memory multicores have focused on various workload domains, such as scientific, graphics, vision, financial and media processing. However, these suites lack graph applications that must be evaluated in the context of architectural design space exploration for futuristic multicores. This paper presents CRONO, a benchmark suite composed of multi-threaded graph algorithms for shared memory multicore processors. We analyze and characterize these benchmarks using a multicore simulator, as well as a real multicore machine setup. CRONO uses both synthetic and real world graphs. Our characterization shows that graph benchmarks are diverse and challenging in the context of scaling efficiency. They exhibit low locality due to unstructured memory access patterns, and incur fine-grain communication between threads. Energy overheads also occur due to nondeterministic memory and synchronization patterns on network connections. Our characterization reveals that these challenges remain in state-of-the-art graph algorithms, and in this context CRONO can be used to identify, analyze and develop novel architectural methods to mitigate their efficiency bottlenecks in futuristic multicore processors.
Review and reappraisal of human aspects in planning robotic systems

Abstract The social issues of worker displacement and worker retraining due to introduction of robotics are discussed and the impact of industrial robots on organization design and job design are reviewed and safety issues mentioned. The impact of human industrial work performance on designing robotics systems is reviewed with special reference to the range of human performance abilities; human information-processing, memory and decision making capabilities; paced-work; supervisory control of robotics systems; and, social and management impacts of robot diffusion.
Do people with food service experience tip better

Abstract To the extent servers can establish an interpersonal connection with the customer, they can earn higher tips. One source of interpersonal connection between the server and the customer is interpersonal similarity, in the form of food service experience. Research by social scientists, combined with casual empiricism, suggests that customers with food service experience tip better than customers without food service experience. Using survey data collected outside of five Richmond, Virginia restaurants, we test this. Our findings, which are robust across a variety of empirical specifications, indicate that the former tip between 4 and 5% more than the latter.
Henry H. Goddard and the immigrants, 1910-1917: the studies and their social context.

The view that the “new” wave of immigration contained significant numbers of mental and physical degenerates was widespread before Henry H. Goddard began his work with the “feebleminded” in 1906. Initially Goddard believed that public alarm over the quality of arriving immigrants was unwarranted, and produced data in 1912 to support this position. Over the next several years, however, his views and studies shifted, evolving into the widely cited 1917 findings that more closely mirrored the alarmist mainstream of the age. Nevertheless, Goddard's publications and correspondence indicate that immigration and racial and national differences in intelligence were not important concerns for him. The 1917 findings must be interpreted within the cultural and historical context in which they occurred.
On the Morality of Having Faith that God Exists

Many theists who identify themselves with the Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam) maintain that it is perfectly acceptable to have faith that God exists. In this paper, I argue that, when believing that God exists will affect others, it is prima facie wrong to forgo attempting to believe that God exists on the basis of sufficient evidence. Lest there be any confusion: I do not argue that it is always wrong to have faith that God exists, only that, under certain conditions, it can be.
Fair waiting protocol: achieving isolation in wireless sensornets

We present the Fair Waiting Protocol(FWP), which isolates the operations of competing protocols on CSMA networks. Utilizing layer 3 information, the grant-to-send mechanism prevents collisions on data paths. FWP enables the grant-to-send to be shared among protocols, extending the collision avoidance mechanism into protocol isolation.
REVERSIBLE COLLAPSE OF RABBIT EARS AFTER INTRAVENOUS PAPAIN, AND PREVENTION OF RECOVERY BY CORTISONE

A substance has been demonstrated in solutions of crude papain, which, when injected intravenously into 1 kilo rabbits, in amounts less than 5 mg., results in complete collapse of both ears. The phenomenon becomes visible 4 hours after injection, and is complete within 24 hours. 3 or 4 days after papain, the ears gradually reassume their normal form. Ear collapse is associated with depletion of the ear cartilage matrix, and the disappearance of basophilia from the matrix. Similar changes occur in all other cartilage tissues, including bones, joints, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. At the time when the ears are restored to normal shape, the basophilic matrix reappears in cartilage. Repeated injections of papain, over a period of 2 or 3 weeks, bring about immunity to the phenomenon of ear collapse. When the arterial circulation to one ear is occluded for 15 minutes at the time of injection of papain, this ear is protected against collapse. The effect of crude papain could not be reproduced by crystalline papain protease or crystalline papain lysozyme, which together comprise a considerable portion of the dry weight of papain. The nature of the responsible factor has not been determined, and the possibility that chymopapain may be implicated is currently under study. Cortisone prevents the return of papain-collapsed ears to their normal shape and rigidity. Possibly this reflects a capacity of cortisone to impede the synthesis or deposition of sulfated mucopolysaccharides in tissues.
Dynamics of the exothermic process in combustion

The paper presents an attempt to provide a link between chemical kinetics of exothermic processes in a combustion system and the gasdynamic phenomena they are capable of generating. For this purpose experiments were performed using the reflected shock technique with a mixture of 2H 2 +O 2 +27A, while gasdynamic phenomena were observed by means of high-speed cinematographic laser schlieren photography and laser-shear interferometry. The analysis, based on the most recently available kinetic rate data for the hydrogen-oxygen system, was carried out by the use of a numerical technique especially developed for handling properly the “stiff” differential equations describing the rates of chemical reactions, combined with an appropriate numerical technique for the integration of the partial differential equations of non-steady, inviscid gasdynamics in Lagrangian form. The agreement between experimental and analytical results is quite satisfactory, providing thus, on one hand, a rationalization for the observed gasdynamic effects of exothermic reactions, and, on the other, an experimental check of the validity of currently available chemical kinetic rate data for the hydrogen-oxygen system with respect to the macroscopic effects of its reaction mechanism.
The motion of a charged particle as viewed from heaven

A new approach to the problem of the motion of a self-interacting massive charged particle in general relativity is presented. A charged Robinson-Trautman (RT) solution is used as a general relativity model for such a particle. Such a solution is shown to generate a unique world-line in its ownH-space. This is argued to be the asymptotically observed world-line of the particle. Using the RT dynamical relations, the equation of motion is derived, and, in the limiting case of zero curvature, it is shown to be the same as the classical Lorentz-Dirac equation of motion.
Three-dimensional image study on the vascular structure after angiopoietin-1 transduction in isolated mouse pancreatic islets

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) is essential for remodeling the primitive vascular plexus during embryonic development and for reducing plasma leakage in inflammation of adult vasculature. However, the role for Ang-1 in maintenance of vascular stability in isolated pancreatic islets is not fully understood. In this study, we compared the difference of vascular morphology between Ang-1 treated (n=5) and control mouse islets (n=5) using both two- and three-dimensional optical image analysis. Isolated mouse islets were transduced with Ang-1 or Lac Z (control) vector at 37°C for 16 hours. Islets were incubated with both rat anti-CD31 antibody and rabbit anti-insulin antibody followed by incubation with Rhodamine-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG and Alexa-488 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Islets were viewed under a Nikon confocal microscope. Serial optical section images were captured and reconstructed using Nikon EZ-C1 software. Individual two-D and reconstructed three-D images were analyzed using MetaMorph Image Analysis software. Islet vascular density was determined. In two-D images, there was no significant difference of vascular density between the two groups. The vascular morphology didn't show any obvious differences in two-D images either. However, in the three-D images, we found higher vascular density and more vascular branches in the Ang-1 transducted islets and vascular dilation in control group. In conclusion, using three-D image analysis, Ang-1 displayed functions in maintenance of vascular stability and in stimulating growth of vascular branches in isolated mouse pancreatic islets. In order to study further the regeneration of different cell contents in the spherical pancreatic islet, three-D image analysis is an effective method to approach this goal.
Rocketsonde Wind and Temperature Measurements Between 30 and 70 km for Selected Stations

Abstract Rocketsonde wind and temperature measurements from most of the National Meteorological Rocket Network (or simply Rocket Network) stations are studied. In the altitude region considered, there were over 1100 wind measurements and some 200 temperature soundings. This includes Rocket Network data through August 1962 and a few 1957 and 1958 soundings taken prior to the initiation of the Rocket Network. A simple statistical treatment has been used to determine mean temperatures and mean wind speeds, components, shears, and a measure of variability. The wind data presented generally support previously constructed cross sections of the wind regime over North America. A significant mass transport from subtropical to midlatitudes was indicated. The meridional component of the subtropical wind did not reverse direction with the seasonal change in the zonal wind. In the subpolar stratosphere the seasonal changes of temperature are much more pronounced; the summer is warm (near subtropical values) and the wi...