cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cones on ℂℙ2

We proved in §3 that for a dense set of metrics the irreducible connections \( \hat{M} \) in the moduli space form a smooth manifold. Now we examine the singular points {p1,p2, ... ,P m } ⊆ M corresponding to reducible connections. We show that after a small perturbation of M, made either by hand or through a perturbation of the metric, a neighborhood of each singular point is homeomorphic to an open cone on ℂℙ2. Furthermore, these homeomorphisms are smooth off the singular points.
User- and process-driven dynamic voltage and frequency scaling

We describe and evaluate two new, independently-applicable power reduction techniques for power management on processors that support dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS): user-driven frequency scaling (UDFS) and process-driven voltage scaling (PDVS). In PDVS, a CPU-customized profile is derived offline that encodes the minimum voltage needed to achieve stability at each combination of CPU frequency and temperature. On a typical processor, PDVS reduces the voltage below the worst-case minimum operating voltages given in datasheets. UDFS, on the other hand, dynamically adapts CPU frequency to the individual user and the workload through direct user feedback. Our UDFS algorithms dramatically reduce typical operating frequencies and voltages while maintaining performance at a satisfactory level for each user. We evaluate our techniques independently and together through user studies conducted on a Pentium M laptop running Windows applications. We measure the overall system power and temperature reduction achieved by our methods. Combining PDVS and the best UDFS scheme reduces measured system power by 49.9% (27.8% PDVS, 22.1% UDFS), averaged across all our users and applications, compared to Windows XP DVFS. The average temperature of the CPU is decreased by 13.2°C. User trace-driven simulation to evaluate the CPU only indicates average CPU dynamic power savings of 57.3% (32.4% PDVS, 24.9% UDFS), with a maximum reduction of 83.4%. In a multitasking environment, the same UDFS+PDVS technique reduces the CPU dynamic power by 75.7% on average.
Microsurgical management of basilar artery apex aneurysms: a single surgeon's experience from Louisiana State University, Shreveport.

Objective Basilar artery apex aneurysms continue to generate technical challenges and management controversy. Endovascular intervention is becoming the mainstay in the management of these formidable aneurysms, but it has limitations, especially with large/giant or wide neck basilar apex aneurysms. There is paucity of data in the available literature pertaining to the successful management of large/giant, wide neck, and calcified/thrombosed basilar apex aneurysms. We present our experience with consecutively operated complex basilar apex aneurysms so as to present the role of microneurosurgery as a viable management option for these aneurysms. Methods Ours is a retrospective analysis of case-records for operated cases of basilar artery aneurysms spanning 18 years. Basilar apex aneurysms >10 cm, calcified or thrombosed, neck ≥4 mm posterior direction, and retro/subsellar were considered as complex anatomy aneurysms. Basilar apex aneurysms with favorable anatomy were included in the study as a reference group for statistical analysis. Patient demographics, complex features of aneurysms, clinical grade, and outcomes were analyzed. Results A total of 33 (53.2%) patients had complex anatomy: large (>10 mm) in eight (24.2%); giant aneurysms (>25 mm) in seven (21.2%); wide-neck in 22 (66.7%); and calcified/thrombosed morphology in five (15.1%). The mean age was 48.5 years, and 22 (66.67%) were women. All aneurysms were clipped by the use of various skull base approaches. A total of 71.9% of patients harboring complex aneurysm had good outcomes. If only unruptured and good grade complex aneurysms also are considered, then 86.9% (n = 20) patients had good outcomes. Statistically there was no significant difference in the outcomes of complex and noncomplex aneurysm. Conclusions Although concerning, the management of large/giant, wide neck, and calcified/thrombosed aneurysms with microneurosurgery is still a competitive alternative to endovascular therapy. After careful selection of appropriate skull base approaches based on the complexity of the basilar apex aneurysm, microneurosurgery can achieve acceptable results.
Designing an electrically small ferrite-loaded loop antenna for Optimum Performance

The design of small ferrite-loaded loop antennas is complicated by the number of parameters involved - frequency, size, shape, core material, and number of turns - as well as by the geometry. Even though ferrite-loaded loops have long been known to have certain advantages over air-core loops of similar size, their use has been limited to low-frequency reception where approximate design concepts have been found to be more or less adequate. More recently, it has been shown that quasistatic field theory (QS) may be used to analyze small spheroidal loops yielding electrical properties in closed form. Optimum design, however, has been an elusive concept. The purpose of this paper is to present QS results for the hollow-core ferrite-loaded loop antenna and, by comparing with solid-core results, to show that hollow cores give the maximum bandwidth and efficiency for a given volume of ferrite.
SH2-Containing Inositol 5′-Phosphatase Inhibits Transformation of Abelson Murine Leukemia Virus

v-Abl protein tyrosine kinase encoded by Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MLV) transforms pre-B cells. Transformation requires the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. This pathway is antagonized by SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase (SHIP), raising the possibility that v-Abl modulates PI3K signaling through SHIP. Consistent with this, we show that v-Abl expression reduces levels of full-length p145 SHIP in a v-Abl kinase activity-dependent fashion. This event requires signals from the Abl SH2 domain but not the carboxyl terminus. Forced expression of full-length SHIP significantly reduces Ab-MLV pre-B-cell transformation. Therefore, reduction of SHIP protein by v-Abl is a critical component in Ab-MLV transformation.
Dangerous Drafts? A Time-Series, Cross-National Analysis of Conscription and the Use of Military Force, 1946—2001

Conscription has been claimed to both increase leaders’ propensity to use military force abroad and constrain them from doing so. The author sheds new light on this longstanding controversy by presenting the first time-series, cross-national quantitative analysis of the impact that state military manpower systems (either conscription or volunteerism) have on the initiation of both traditional, belligerent military missions and "operations other than war" (OOTWs). Using negative binomial regression on 166 states from 1946 to 2001, the author finds that states with conscript militaries have a significantly higher propensity to use belligerent military force than states with volunteer armies. Countries that practice conscription are also more likely than countries with volunteer forces to launch a specific type of OOTW, military operations against nonstate actors such as rebels or terrorists. Neither form of military manpower system seems, however, to be significantly related to the initiation of humanitarian military operations.
Standard anesthetic technique for middle ear surgical procedures: a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane.

Objective This study was designed to compare desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia for middle ear microsurgery. Study design One hundred healthy adults undergoing middle ear surgery were assigned to receive either desflurane or sevoflurane as their anesthetic. Intraoperative hemodynamics and BIS numbers were recorded. Hemodynamics, pain, nausea/vomiting, discharge readiness, and other parameters were compared postoperatively and 24 hours later. Results No intraoperative differences were noted except in BIS scores which trended lower with desflurane. PACU blood pressures were higher after desflurane but pain scores, nausea/vomiting, rescue anti-emetics, recovery scores, and discharge times were similar. A significant difference was noted in anesthetic costs (desflurane > sevoflurane), and in patients with the lowest BIS scores associated with more nausea/vomiting. Conclusions Both anesthetics may be used for ototic surgery but propofol anesthesia should still be considered in patients with a history of emetic sequelae. Significance Short-acting inhalational anesthetics produce excellent operating conditions and reduce costs for otologic surgery.
Nonlinear transmission, degenerate four-wave mixing, photodarkening, and the effects of carrier-density-dependent nonlinearities in semiconductor-doped glasses

A model for nonlinear transmission and degenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor-doped glasses was developed and compared with experiment. The results of a plasma screening theory were used to model the nonlinear response of the semiconductor microcrystallites. The effects of carrier-density-dependent relaxation times, two-photon absorption, free-carrier absorption, and background absorption were included in the analysis. Good agreement between theoretical predictions and both nonlinear transmission and degenerate four-wave mixing experiments at λ = 532 nm was obtained for 15-nsec laser pulses. For 30-psec pulses, with which higher intensities were available, features suggestive of two-photon absorption and background absorption were observed. We conclude that free-carrier absorption is not significant in these systems. Finally, it was shown that photodarkening is associated with the semiconductor crystallites in the glass matrix and that the host glass itself and unstruck samples exhibit little or no photodarkening.
Sensory neuronopathy associated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy

Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNF inhibitors) have improved the treatment of inflammatory arthropathies, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease.1 The spectrum of neuropathies reported in association with TNF inhibitors has not appreciably changed over the past decade.1 Sensory neuronopathies have not been described as such a neuropathy associated with TNF inhibitors. Such neuronopathies cause considerable proprioceptive impairment due to neuronal degeneration affecting the dorsal root ganglia (DRG).2 We describe neuronopathy associated with TNF inhibitors that improves with discontinuation of TNF inhibitor therapy.
A Design and a Model for Investigating the Heterogeneity of Context Effects in Public Opinion Surveys

Context effects on survey response, caused by the unobserved interaction between beliefs stored in personal memory and triggers generated by the structure of the survey instrument, are a pervasive challenge to survey research. The authors argue that randomized survey experiments on representative samples, when paired with facilitative primes, can enable researchers to model selection into variable context effects, revealing heterogeneity at the population level. The value of the design, and its associated modeling strategy, is demonstrated by its ability to deepen the interpretation of a treatment effect of international competitiveness framing on long-used items drawn from the Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll and the General Social Survey about the quality of schooling in the United States, confidence in the leaders running public education, and support for spending to improve schools.
A multi-cycle Q-modulation technique for wirelessly-powered biomedical implants

This paper presents a new technique, called multicycle Q-modulation, which can be used in wireless power transmission (WPT) to modulate the quality factor (Q) of the receiver (Rx) and dynamically match the load impedance with that of the inductive link. A key advantage of the proposed Q-modulation method is that it can be easily implemented using off-the-shelf power management components without requiring any fast switching function at the carrier frequency, which is only feasible in integrated circuit implementation. The multi-cycle Q-modulation is analyzed theoretically by a lumped circuit model, and verified in simulation and measurement using an off-the-shelf receiver. In a conventional 2-coil link, the proposed method increases the power amplifier (PA) plus inductive link efficiency from 1.2% to 12.8% at RL = 1 kΩ, and from 17.8% to 24.5% at RL = 50 Ω with 170 mW power delivered to the load.
Synthesis and secretion of plasma lipoproteins.

Virtually nothing is known about the initial intracellular events that lead to the formation of a nascent lipoprotein particle. However, recent technical advances in electron microscopy, cell frationation, and the biochemistry of apolipoproteins are providing subcellular probes for identifying and characterizing both the plasma lipoprotein secretory mechanisms and the newly made secretory products. Evidence for an extremely close relationship between nascent plasma lipoproteins and the membrane lipoproteins constituting the secretory mechanism is beginning to emerge.
Custom's Method and Process: Lessons from Humanitarian Law

A central question in the literature on customary international law (CIL) goes to method: what is the proper method for “finding” CIL — that is, for determining that particular norms qualify as CIL? The traditional method is to identify a widespread state practice, plus evidence that states believe that the practice reflects the law. That method is widely perceived to be inadequate, so much of the literature focuses on correcting its flaws. The principal goals of this literature are to help resolve whether norms that are claimed to be CIL are really CIL, and thus to reduce the volatility and susceptibility to abuse in CIL. I argue in this book chapter that the method for finding CIL might be so elusive because the question itself is misconceived. The question of how to find CIL presupposes that finding CIL is an objective exercise and somehow removed from the process for making CIL. This process is notoriously undisciplined and politically charged. Disparate actors make CIL by advancing and responding to one another's legal claims, as they promote their own interests. The methodological question assumes that CIL-finding is distinct — that actors who find CIL do not advance their own agendas but rather assess the evidence objectively, and thus that their decisions help settle CIL by weeding out invalid claims. I use the recent rise of CIL in international humanitarian law to show that these assumptions are flawed. CIL-finding is deeply entangled with CIL-making. The two exercises operate in much the same way and through the same process, so they share similar limitations. My argument here has two practical implications. First, non-state actors can play a much larger role in the formation of CIL than the literature now recognizes. Second, methods for finding CIL are unlikely to discipline global actors or to impose order on CIL, as long as the process for making CIL remains so undisciplined and disordered.
Modafinil Trial in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A film-coated tablet formulation of modafinil (ProvigilR) was used to treat a total of 246 patients, ages 6 to 17 years, with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, and other centers.
Teaching black history as a racial literacy project

AbstractScholars have long promoted black history as an appropriate space to promote the development of racial literacy. Few research studies, however, have examined how teacher education uses black history as a heuristic to teach about race. Using racial literacy as a framework, this article examined the varied ways four social studies pre-service teachers interpret and taught race through black history. The pre-service teachers were aided by a black history summer reading program dedicated to help them gain the necessary knowledge to teach race through black history. The findings indicated that the pre-service teachers taught race and black history more critical than traditional US history classes but were limited in their presentation of black history and race.
Survey on Health Education Needs of Part of Rural Residents in Daxing District of Beijing City in 2010

[Objective]To learn the status of health and needs for health among the rural residents in Daxing District of Beijing,and provide reference for improving health education and health promotion intervention countermeasures. [Methods]In 2010,some rural residents were selected in Daxing District of Beijing City for investigation. [Results]Of 548 rural residents investigated,the total awareness rate of 9 hypertension risk factors was 12.23%,and that of 9 diabetes risk factors was 2.74%;31.93% of rural citizens knew all 6 measures for flu prevention and 2.37% knew all 7 measures for digestive system infectious diseases prevention.The main medias by which the residents obtained health knowledge were TV(67.3%),health lecture(43.43%) and broadcast(38.14%).While they hoped to get the information from TV(62.41%),health lecture(54.56%)and broadcast(33.58%).Besides,most of them want to get more health information about healthy diet(72.99%)and chronic disease prevention(63.50%) [Conclusion]The knowledge level of health prevention of rural residents needs to be improved.TV,broadcast and health lecture should be the main ways for health education.
Deinstitutionalization and managed care: déjà vu?

For many of us, the managed care juggernaut coursing through the U.S. health care system seems curiously familiar, in essence a d#{233}j#{224} vu experience of deinstitutionalization. As has often been stated, deinstitutionalization emerged in the 1960s and 1970s partly in response to the Community Mental Health Centers Act, which promoted mental health care in the least restrictive environment, emphasizing comprehensive services and local service delivery. Early intervention and comprehensive services were intended to reduce hospitalization and thus reduce costs. What actually occurred, as is also weildocumented, was ashift in funding liability from state mental health systems to the federal government. Rather than early treatment and comprehensive service delivery, this shift resulted in a loss of focus on services for seriously mentally ill persons, downsizing and closing of public mental hospitals, arid the premature discharge of thousands of mdividuals into communities unprepared to house and manage serious mental illness. Most often the problems ofdeinstitutionalization are attributed to poor planning and to unanticipated cost-shifting. This column examines some of the similarities between the unanticipated consequences of deinstitutionalization and those of current man-
Durable potassium ion battery electrodes from high-rate cointercalation into graphitic carbons

We report the first demonstration of potassium ion cointercalation into graphitic carbon electrodes including both natural graphite and multi-layered graphene in both diglyme and monoglyme based electrolytes. Contrary to conventional desolvation-based intercalation of potassium, we demonstrate excellent capacity retention of ∼80% at rates up to 10 A g−1 (30 second charge), with 95% capacity retention over 1000 cycles, and up to 100 mA h g−1 capacity. Raman and X-ray diffraction following 1000 cycles demonstrates no signature of defects, damage, or change to graphitic crystallinity compared to uncycled pristine materials that is attributed to weak ion–lattice interactions due to the solvated guest K ions. In situ Raman spectroscopy highlights the sequential formation of a stage 4, 3, 2, and 1 graphite intercalation compound (GIC) that occurs without the signature of dilute staging. In a charged stage 1 compound, we observe lattice expansion from 0.335 nm to 1.16 nm and measure the work function to be ∼3.4 eV. Overall, this system overcomes rate and durability bottlenecks that limit current K-ion battery electrodes, and gives promise to cointercalation for durable, fast, and low-cost storage systems.
Alzheimer's disease: presence and role of microRNAs

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for the most cases of dementia. AD affects more than 25 million people globally and is predicted to affect nearly one in 85 people worldwide by 2050. AD is characterized by the accumulation of dense plaques of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau that cause impairment in memory, cognition, and daily activities. Although early-onset AD has been linked to several mutations, reliable genetic markers for late-onset AD are lacking. Further, the diagnosis of AD biomarkers has its limitations and cannot detect early-stage AD. The identification of accurate, early, and non-invasive biomarkers for AD is, therefore, an unmet challenge. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of gene regulatory elements with conserved roles in development and disease. Recent discoveries have uncovered roles of miRNAs in several model organisms during aging and have identified potential miRNAs biomarkers of AD. Here we will discuss this emerging field of miRNAs associated with AD and prospects for the future.
Biting the Cow’s Tongue: Securitization and Capacity Building in the South China Sea:

The South China Sea (SCS) territorial disputes have become one of the most significant security challenges in the East Asian Supercomplex (EAS). Described in Buzan and Waever’s classic study as a Gr...
Plasma cytokines and angiogenic factors (CAFs) for evaluation of risk of recurrence and classification of patients (pts) with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

e15075 Background: Although recent years have brought great progress into understanding the pathogenesis of RCC and multiple promising biomarkers, no tumor tissue or blood-based test has yet been e...
Individualized Music Program is Associated with Improved Outcomes for U.S. Nursing Home Residents with Dementia

Objectives The objective of this study was to compare resident outcomes before and after implementation of an individualized music program, MUSIC & MEMORY (M&M), designed to address the behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia (BPSD). Setting 98 nursing homes trained in the M&M program during 2013 and 98 matched-pair comparisons. Participants Long-stay residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) residing in M&M participating facilities (N = 12,905) and comparison facilities (N = 12,811) during 2012–2013. Intervention M&M is a facility-level quality improvement program that provides residents with music specific to their personal histories and preferences. Measurements Discontinuation of anxiolytic and antipsychotic medications, and reductions in behavioral problems and depressed mood in 2012 (pre-intervention) and 2013 (intervention), calculated using Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments. Results The proportion of residents who discontinued antipsychotic medication use over a 6-month period increased from 17.6% to 20.1% among M&M facilities, while remaining stable among comparison facilities (15.9% to 15.2%). The same trend was observed for anxiolytic medications: Discontinuation of anxiolytics increased in M&M facilities (23.5% to 24.4%), while decreasing among comparison facilities (24.8% to 20.0%). M&M facilities also demonstrated increased rates of reduction in behavioral problems (50.9% to 56.5%) versus comparison facilities (55.8% to 55.9%). No differences were observed for depressed mood. Conclusions These results offer the first evidence that the M&M individualized music program is associated with reductions in antipsychotic medication use, anxiolytic medication use, and BPSD symptoms among long-stay nursing home residents with ADRD.
Audit Plan for Patch Management of Enterprise Applications

Patch management is a risk management tool for enterprises and a key element of IT security programs. Improper patch management may lead to downtime and interruption, data leakage, penalties and fines for noncompliance with regulations, lost revenue, damaged reputation, litigation fees, etc. It is imperative for enterprises to develop, implement and monitor a well-structured patch management program. Monitoring of program implementation includes its audits. In this paper, an audit program and plan for patch management of enterprise applications is developed. Program includes common elements recommended by information security frameworks and the research community. The audit plan includes audit areas, accompanying audit objectives and tests. Finally, the audit areas, audit objectives and audit tests is mapped to applicable sections of the NIST cybersecurity framework.
Cross-Cultural Education of Geoscience Professionals: The Conferences of the Indigenous Earth Sciences Project

As Native Americans gain increasing control and autonomy over their lands, the lack of scientific expertise in these communities and the low representation of Native American students in science programs become more urgent problems. This is especially true in the Earth and environmental sciences because of the many resource and land management issues faced by tribal groups. Many regional programs exist to develop culturally-appropriate curricula for Native American students, but none exist which serve the Native Americans of Southern California, and few of these programs also focus on the education of non-Indian geoscience professionals who work on or near Native American lands. We present results from a qualitative study based on inaugural meetings of the Indigenous Earth Sciences Project where professional geoscientists and tribal representatives gathered to exchange scientific and Native American views of regional geology and Earth science education for American Indian communities. Major themes which e...
Approximate Memristive In-memory Computing

The bottleneck between the processing elements and memory is the biggest issue contributing to the scalability problem in computing. In-memory computation is an alternative approach that combines memory and processor in the same location, and eliminates the potential memory bottlenecks. Associative processors are a promising candidate for in-memory computation, however the existing implementations have been deemed too costly and power hungry. Approximate computing is another promising approach for energy-efficient digital system designs where it sacrifices the accuracy for the sake of energy reduction and speedup in error-resilient applications. In this study, approximate in-memory computing is introduced in memristive associative processors. Two approximate computing methodologies are proposed; bit trimming and memristance scaling. Results show that the proposed methods not only reduce energy consumption of in-memory parallel computing but also improve their performance. As compared to other existing approximate computing methodologies on different architectures (e.g., CPU, GPU, and ASIC), approximate memristive in-memory computing exhibits better results in terms of energy reduction (up to 80x) and speedup (up to 20x) on a variety of benchmarks from different domains when quality degradation is limited to 10% and it confirms that memristive associative processors provide a highly-promising platform for approximate computing.
Accumulation of deaminated peptides in anoxic sediments of Santa Barbara Basin

Abstract Proteins represent the most abundant class of biomolecules in marine sinking particles and microbial biomass, yet their cycling in marine sediments is not fully understood. To investigate whether some portion of hydrolyzed proteins escapes complete remineralization and accumulate in the pore waters, we analyzed dissolved organic matter from the anoxic sediments of Santa Barbara Basin, California, by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FTICR-MS). The results showed an increase in the molecular diversity and abundance of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) formulas with depth. A comparison of the detected DON formulas to a database of small peptides (2–4 amino acid sequences) returned 119 matches, and these formulas were most abundant near the sediment surface. When we compared our detected formulas to all possible structures that would result from deamination of peptides in the database, we found 680 formula matches. However, these molecular formulas can represent hundreds of different structural isomers (in the present case as many as 3257 different deaminated peptide structures), which cannot be distinguished by the FTICR-MS settings that were used. Analysis of amino acid sequences suggests that these deaminated peptides may be the products of selective degradation of source proteins in marine sediments. We hypothesize that these deaminated peptides accumulate in the pore waters due to extracellular proteinases being inhibited from completely hydrolyzing specific peptides to free amino acids. We suggest that anaerobic microbes deaminate peptides largely to produce H2, which is ultimately used as a reducing agent by other sediment microbes (e.g. CO2 reduction by methanogens). Simple calculations suggest that deaminated peptides may represent ∼25–45% of DOC accumulating in these sediment pore waters. Unlike rapid remineralization of free amino acids, peptide deamination leaves behind the peptide carbon skeleton. Molecular structures of these remnant carbon skeletons may hold important clues about specific microbial processes influencing organic matter remineralization and accumulation.
Visualizing Transitions and Structure for Biological Data Exploration

With the advent of high-throughput technologies measuring high-dimensional biological data, there is a pressing need for visualization tools that reveal the structure and emergent patterns of data in an intuitive form. We present PHATE, a visualization method that captures both local and global nonlinear structure in data by an information-geometry distance between datapoints. We perform extensive comparison between PHATE and other tools on a variety of artificial and biological datasets, and find that it consistently preserves a range of patterns in data including continual progressions, branches, and clusters. We show that PHATE is applicable to a wide variety of datatypes including mass cytometry, single-cell RNA-sequencing, Hi-C, and gut microbiome data, where it can generate interpretable insights into the underlying systems. Finally, we use PHATE to explore a newly generated scRNA-seq dataset of human germ layer differentiation. Here, PHATE reveals a dynamic picture of the main developmental branches in unparalleled detail.
TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE UTILIZATION OF NEW PROTEIN FOODS

An attempt is made to evaluate the possible nutritional significance of some naturally occurring toxicants in the diet of man. Although the protease inhibitors have been extensively studied in animals, their physiological effects in humans is unknown. Evidence is presented to suggest that (1) trypsin inhibitor (TI) is only partially responsible for the poor nutritive value of unheated soybeans, (2) low levels of TI are relatively harmless to rats, (3) human trypsin is only weakly inhibited by TI, and (4) human pancreas is probably insensitive to hypertrophic effect of TI. Although the soybean agglutinin appears to play a minor role in the nutritive properties of soybean protein, the agglutinins from other beans may be toxic to man unless destroyed by heat treatment. Lathyrism and favism are examples of diseases in man which are associated with the consumption of specific legumes, but whose causative factors have been difficult to identify because of the lack of suitable animal models.
In vitro effect of danazol on endometrioma cells in culture.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of danazol on endometrioma cells in culture, in relation to cell proliferation. STUDY DESIGN: Danazol has been shown to be effective in treating endometriosis, leading to remission. The mode of action is through suppression of gonadotropins. A direct effect on endometriosis implants has been suggested. This study was conducted on endometrioma cell lines using various concentrations of danazol in ethanol solution. RESULTS: Danazol showed a decrease in proliferation ofendometrioma cells in culture. This was also associated with an increase in apoptosis and necrosis ofcultured cells. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the direct effect of danazol on endometrioma cells in culture.
Overcoming conceptual difficulties in physical science through computer-based Socratic dialogs

Research in physics education continues to develop compelling evidence that many students emerge from introductory physics courses with inadequate mastery of some of the most basic concepts and fundamental modes of reasoning. [McDermott (1984); Trowbridge and McDermott (1980), (1981); Axons (1983), (1984a), (1984b); Clement (1982); Fredette and Clement (1981); Minstrell (1982); Viennot (1979)]. Explanation, exposition, presentation, however lucid, are not sufficient to generate grasp and understanding (except, perhaps, in the upper few percent of the students), and conventional end-of-chapter problems and laboratory exercises do not provide adequate help. They leave too many students in a passive intellectual mode, expecting to learn through inculcation, and they fail to generate the kind of active mental engagement essential for learning. Many students, in fact, fail to break through to mastery of certain concepts and reasoning processes unless they are led to articulate the ideas in their own words in a sequence of Socratic dialog.
Book Club Groups to Aid Relational Connection and Trust among Addicted Trauma Survivors

This is a secondary analysis of qualitative data from a literacy study, which examines Book Clubs as a creative approach to engage female addicted trauma survivors in developing psychologically saf...
Influence of dynamic recrystallization and shear banding on the localized corrosion of severely deformed Al–Mg–Si alloy

Abstract The low intergranular corrosion resistance of extruded aluminum alloys is a limiting criteria for several applications. In this work, we investigated the effects of shear deformation, dynamic recrystallization and peak aging on the corrosion susceptibility of an AA6061 alloy up to seven ECAP passes following route Bc. We assessed intergranular corrosion susceptibility using the standard ISO test 11846 (Method B). Our results show that dynamic recrystallization improves the localized corrosion resistance of severely deformed AA6061 by reducing the fraction of shear bands in the material. We found a clear difference in surface reactivity between the recrystallized grains inside and outside the shear bands, suggesting that in this material grain-stored energy influences corrosion more than grain boundary precipitation. In parallel, we characterized the degradation of conventionally extruded AA6061-T6. The results reveal that shear deformation is a promising process for extruded aluminum alloys with improved strength and intergranular corrosion resistance.
Rucaparib and Niraparib in Advanced Ovarian Cancer.

Rucaparib and niraparib are two of the newest U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved PARP inhibitors, joining olaparib with indications in ovarian cancer. Both drugs have led to meaningful responses when used as monotherapy in previously treated ovarian cancers, with niraparib demonstrating activity in both BRCA-mutated and BRCA wild-type tumors. Both rucaparib and niraparib have remarkably increased progression-free survival as maintenance therapy for patients with relapsed, platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian cancer who responded to their most recent platinum-based regimen. In this setting, these drugs appear to be similar in efficacy but have distinct pharmacokinetic and adverse effect profiles. This article will guide the advanced practitioner through the efficacy, safety, and pharmacologic profiles of rucaparib and niraparib, while benchmarking them against olaparib for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Design, Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of α-L-Arabinofuranosyl Derivatives of 2-Substituted-5,6-dichlorobenzimidazoles

Abstract A number of 2-substituted-5,6-dichloro-l-(α-L-arabinofuranosyl)benzimidazoles have been prepared by condensation of 2-bromo-5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole or 2,5,6-trichlorobenzimidazole with tetra-O-acetyl-L-arabinofuranose. 2-Alkylamino derivatives were prepared by a substitution of the 2-chloro group with the appropriate amines. All target compounds were evaluated for activity against HCMV and HSV-1. The 2-chloro and 2-bromo derivatives showed moderate activity against HCMV at non-cytotoxic concentrations.
Updates on antiviral drugs for cytomegalovirus prevention and treatment.

Purpose of reviewCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infection after organ transplant. In addition to causing a viral syndrome and infection, it also increases the risk for complications in the organ transplant, along with higher overall morbidity and mortality. Prevention and ideal treatment o
Dichotomous Reactivity of PCl5 and PBr5 Toward Cyclic Ketones: A One-Step Preparation of 1,1,2-Trichlorocycloalkanes

Abstract Small-ring cyclic ketones react with excess PCl5 in CCl4 (reflux, 1-3 d) to give the corresponding 1,1,2-trichlorocycloalkanes, but react with PBr5 to give ketones brominated in the α-positions.
Deconstructing Pain Disability through Concept Analysis

Abstract Objective Pain disability is a complex and challenging problem that impacts the daily lives of individuals living with persistent pain. Although this concept is measured throughout pain populations, conceptual clarity is needed to identify the defining characteristics and further understand what comprises this experience for clinical translation. Design We completed a concept analysis to identify major attributes and provide a broad framework of pain disability for improved recognition throughout the discipline of nursing. Data Sources Literature searches in PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Scopus identified 39 relevant cross-disciplinary articles published between January 1990 and November 2017. Review/Analysis Methods We implemented Avant and Walker's method of concept analysis to establish the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of pain disability. Results Two major attributes of pain disability are discussed, including (1) physical and/or psychological responses leading to a functional loss; and (2) the degree of ability to fulfill role expectations. The antecedent to the development of pain disability is a painful trigger. Three leading consequences are identified as suffering, pain reactivity, and secondary loss. Conclusions Pain disability is a fluid concept that is characterized by the subjective experiences of the individual. A new conceptualization of pain disability is offered as the inability to maintain role expectations due to the result of a painful trigger and subsequent physical and/or psychosocial dysfunction.
Compartmental analysis of T cell clonal dynamics as a function of pathologic response to neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in resectable non-small cell lung cancer

Purpose: Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade is a promising treatment for resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet immunologic mechanisms contributing to tumor regression and biomarkers of response are unknown. Using paired tumor/blood samples from a phase II clinical trial (NCT02259621), we explored whether the peripheral T-cell clonotypic dynamics can serve as a biomarker for response to neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade. Experimental Design: T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing was performed on serial peripheral blood, tumor, and normal lung samples from resectable NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade. We explored the temporal dynamics of the T-cell repertoire in the peripheral and tumoral compartments in response to neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade by using the TCR as a molecular barcode. Results: Higher intratumoral TCR clonality was associated with reduced percent residual tumor at the time of surgery, and the TCR repertoire of tumors with major pathologic response (MPR; Conclusions: Our study suggests that exchange of T-cell clones between tumor and blood represents a key correlate of pathologic response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy and shows that the periphery may be a previously underappreciated originating compartment for effective antitumor immunity. See related commentary by Henick, p. 1205
Hydraulic modeling and computational fluid dynamics of bone burial in a sandy river channel

An oval recycling flume with live-beds (moveable) of medium and very coarse grained sands were used to explore the process of bone burial as a precursor to fossilization. Two-dimentional computation fluid dynamics was used to visualize and interpret the flow turbulence around bones. Results show that a water mass approaching and passing a static bone (obstruction) is subjected to flow modification by flow separation, flow constriction, and flow acceleration producing complex flow patterns (turbulence). These complex patterns include an upstream high-pressure zone, down flows, and vortices (with flow reversal near the bed) causing bed shear stress that produce bed erosion. Downstream of the bone, the water mass undergoes flow deceleration, water recirculation (turbulence eddies), flow reattachment, low-pressure zone (drag), and sediment deposition. Scour plays a crucial role by undercutting bone on the upstream side and may cause the bone to settle into the bed by rotation or sliding. Scour geometry is determined by bone size and shape, approaching flow velocity and angle to flow, flow depth, bed topography, and bed friction. Drag on the downstream side of the bone causes scoured sediment deposition, but burial by migrating bed forms is the most important method of large bone burial. Bone may be repeatedly buried and exposed with renewed scour. However, each episode of scour may lower the bone deeper into the bed so that it essentially buries itself. No difference in these effects were noted between experiments using fine or coarse grain sizes. This experimental work is then used to interpret the possible history of bone burial in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation on the bone wall inside the Quarry Exhibit Hall at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah.
Iron Deficiency Anemia

The most severe consequence of iron depletion is iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and it is still considered the most common nutrition deficiency worldwide. Although the etiology of IDA is multifaceted, it generally results when the iron demands by the body are not met by iron absorption, regardless of the reason. Individuals with IDA have inadequate intake, impaired absorption or transport, physiologic losses associated with chronological or reproductive age, or chronic blood loss secondary to disease. In adults, IDA can result in a wide variety of adverse outcomes including diminished work or exercise capacity, impaired thermoregulation, immune dysfunction, GI disturbances, and neurocognitive impairment. In addition, IDA concomitant with chronic kidney disease or congestive heart failure can worsen the outcome of both conditions. In this review, the prevalence of IDA related to confounding medical conditions will be described along with its diverse etiologies. Distinguishing IDA from anemia of chronic disease using hematologic measures is reviewed as well. In addition, current diagnostic strategies that are inclusive of clinical presentation, biochemical tests, and differential diagnosis will be outlined, followed by a discussion of treatment modalities and future research recommendations.
A Delphi study to prioritize genetic counseling outcomes: What matters most

Research on genetic counseling outcomes has examined a range of metrics many that differ in quality and extent of psychometric assessment and in some cases fail to encompass potential benefits of genetic counseling for patients. Although a variety of possible outcomes have been explored, selecting the most important or relevant outcomes and identifying well-validated measures remain challenging. An online, modified Delphi method was used to prioritize genetic counseling outcomes from the viewpoint of individuals from four stakeholder groups - clinical genetic counselors, outcome researchers, genetic counseling training directors, and genetic counseling consumers/advocates. A survey of 181 genetic counseling outcomes were rated based on perceived importance and then sorted and categorized using the Framework for Outcomes of Clinical Communication Services in Genetic Counseling (FOCUS-GC) framework. Three of the FOCUS-GC domains (Process, Patient Care Experience, and Patient Changes) were assessed as most important, while none of the most highly rated outcomes fell into the domains of Patient Health or Family Changes. The majority of outcomes deemed most important by stakeholder groups were within the process domain. When looking at the proportion of outcomes that overlapped with the consumer group, clinical genetic counselors had the highest degree of similarity with consumers when looking at the high relative importance band outcomes (61.1% overlap), followed by training directors (58.3%), and outcome researchers (41.7%). Variability in importance according to stakeholder groups was an important consideration and prioritizing outcomes was challenging given that the majority of outcomes were rated as important. Working to bridge the realities of clinical care and fundamental differences in the viewpoints and priorities of genetic counseling research directions is an area for future exploration.
Complete Streets: Promises and Proof

Abstract The Complete Streets movement has been steadily gaining attention in the United States over the last 16 years. Adoption of policies that encourage street designers to consider the needs of...
Is a picture always worth 1000 words? Website images of classrooms and perceptions of the institution

When classroom facilities are out of date, students complain (Habaci et al., in Procedia Soc Behav Sci 64:58-64 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.008 ). But, before students arrive on campus, what do they know about their classrooms? Media has changed how people acquire information; websites are second only to college tours in influencing prospective students (Langmead in How college websites influence students’ web experience. eCampusNews. Today’s Innovation in Education (2013). https://www.ecampusnews.com/2013/03/21/how-college-websites-influence-students-web-experience/?all ); furthermore, photographs impact website design (Kolowich in 14 of the best college websites (And why they’re so awesome) (2019), Hubspot. https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/best-college-websites ). Can photographed classrooms influence judgments of the institution itself? In this 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment, participants read a scenario about a college too far away to visit and viewed a website picture of a seminar room (unrenovated or renovated) before responding to measures of classroom satisfaction and college academic life more broadly (e.g., student retention). Institutional rank (mentioned or not), was the 2nd variable. Participants were 300 AmazonMTurk workers, 237 of whom passed manipulation checks and were retained in analyses. The classroom furnishings comprised a scale (10 items, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.879), as did questions dealing with perceptions of the institution (9 items, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.897). Analyses revealed a significant main effect for renovation status, for both the furnishings scale (p < 0.001) and perceptions of the institution (p < 0.001), but not for rank (p = 0.052), with an institution being ranked in the top 50 being viewed more positively. For renovation status, the newer classroom was viewed more positively for both scales. Classroom status also significantly influenced estimates of first-year student retention (renovation status, p < 0.001; rank, p = 0.027), with higher estimates of retention for the renovated classroom and when rank was mentioned.