cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A roadmap of financial measures for IT project ROI

Organizations have spent billions of dollars in implementing and subsequently repairing, removing, or altering enterprise-wide IT systems for managing finances, customer relationships, human resources, manufacturing resources, and supply chains. Of all IT systems, those for enterprise resource planning (ERP) are among the most difficult to implement. These products provide turnkey automated processes while sharing common data across an organization. Unsuccessful or grossly underestimated efforts to implement ERP tools have resulted in massive financial failures and corporate process disarray for many organizations. Various financial techniques can help organizations select the right projects and better manage the implementation of enterprise systems. The roadmap describes key practices in the fields of financial management and quantitative analysis.
Lessons in innovation: role transition experiences of clinical nurse leaders.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the role transition experiences of 71 Clinical Nurse Leaders (CNLs) as they pioneered the role in practice settings. Background: Although the impact of CNL practice is now being measured through a variety of evaluation projects, less is known about the role transition experiences of CNLs. Methods: This was a qualitative study using an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 71 CNLs working in the role. Results: The 5 major themes that emerged from the study included staying at the bedside, explaining who we are, keeping things from falling through the cracks, and proving our value and cautious about the future. Conclusion: The results of the study can both help to inform nurse leaders about introducing major changes in their organizations and guide future CNLs in their role transition.
The induction of reparable premutational damage in Paramecium aurelia by the alkylating agent triethylene melamine

Abstract Triethylene melamine (TEM) induces lethal and slow-growth mutations in Paramecium aurelia at doses well below those that effect survival or the duration of the cell cycle. The pattern of mutation induction during the cell cycle is much like that found for X-rays, with the maximum yield just before DNA synthesis as expected if most of the mutations arise by errors in replication. It differs from that for X-rays in having an appreciable yield in G 2 , though the yield is smaller than in G 1 . Posttreatment with streptomycin reduces the yield of mutations induced in either G 1 or G 2 , showing that both must come from initially reversible steps. When the mutagenic treatment is given in the G 1 period, the yield can be decreased by subsequent treatment with streptomycin only if it is begun within the same period. When the mutagenic treatment is given in G 2 , the yield can be decreased by streptomycin treatment in the remaining part of the same cell cycle and also in the G 1 period of the next cell cycle. It is concluded that TEM, like X-rays, induces initially reparable premutational damage that is converted to final mutation at DNA synthesis. Most of the TEM mutations affect only a half or a quarter of the progeny by cell division from the initial cell in which a mutation was induced, whereas most X-ray-induced mutations affect all progency of such cells. The pattern of distribution shows that at least part of the mutations involve an effect on the old as well as the new strands, but it also shows that the initial damage produced by TEM differs basically from that produced by X-rays. Consequently it may be concluded that P. aurelia is capable of repairing at least two, quite possibly more, initially different kinds of premutational damage.
Influence of smoke exposure on soil enzyme activities and nitrification

Soil was exposed to red phosphorous/butyl rubber (RP/BR) aerosols at various relative humidities in a recirculating environmental wind tunnel. Soil microbial and enzymatic activities were measured immediately after exposure and periodically thereafter for 56 days. The nitrification potential was significantly reduced in soil amended with ammonium sulfate and exposed to RP/BR smoke, and could be related to a decline in soil pH. The rate of nitrate formation in unamended soil with time was also reduced, but by 57 days postexposure, concentrations were similat to those of unexposed controls in all but the thinnest soil lense. Soil dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzyme activities were sensitive to RP/BR smoke and in some treatments no activity was detected. The measured activities did not recover within the 56-day postexposure period and in some cases declined. Soil lense thickness was the greatest factor controlling the degree of RP/BR effects, indicating that injury to soil microbial and enzymatic activities may be surficial. Deposition of smoke particles increased with increasing relative humidity, which had a significant impact on the activities measured.
Ketone ω-functionalization of polymers prepared by nitroxide-mediated polymerization via addition to a benzyl enol ether

A new method for post-polymerization ω-end-group functionalization of polymers prepared by nitroxide-mediated free radical polymerization (NMP) is presented. Following polymerization, thermolysis in the presence of the enol ether α-benzyloxystyrene results in termination of the polymer with introduction of a phenyl ketone. The ketone group offers the opportunity for further elaboration by hydrazone or oxime formation under mild, physiologically compatible conditions.
4.5.2 Next Generation Systems Engineering: Expansion, Foundation, Unification

The field of Systems Engineering (SE) is expanding into new more complex application domains. This paper argues that this expansion needs to be done in a systematic way that requires expansion of the science foundation of SE to provide adequate support of SE expansion and to achieve unification with traditional SE. The paper first discusses the vision of and motivation for next-generation SE in terms of the characteristics of expansion, foundation, and unification. The remainder of the paper provides a sketch of a proposed approach to achieving the vision, based primarily on model-orientation. The focus of the sketch is a model-oriented science of SE.
Illumina whole-genome complementary DNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension and ligation platform: Assessing its performance in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples and identifying invasion pattern-related genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma

High-throughput gene expression profiling from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues has become a reality, and several methods are now commercially available. The Illumina whole-genome complementary DNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension and ligation assay (Illumina, Inc) is a full-transcriptome version of the original 512-gene complementary DNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension and ligation assay, allowing high-throughput profiling of 24,526 annotated genes from degraded and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded RNA. This assay has the potential to allow identification of novel gene signatures associated with clinical outcome using banked archival pathology specimen resources. We tested the reproducibility of the whole-genome complementary DNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension and ligation assay and its sensitivity for detecting differentially expressed genes in RNA extracted from matched fresh and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cells, after 1 and 13 months of storage, using the human breast cell lines MCF7 and MCF10A. Then, using tumor worst pattern of invasion as a classifier, 1 component of the "risk model," we selected 12 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded oral squamous cell carcinomas for whole-genome complementary DNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension and ligation assay analysis. We profiled 5 tumors with nonaggressive, nondispersed pattern of invasion, and 7 tumors with aggressive dispersed pattern of invasion and satellites scattered at least 1 mm apart. To minimize variability, the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were prepared from snap-frozen tissues, and RNA was obtained within 24 hours of fixation. One hundred four down-regulated genes and 72 up-regulated genes in tumors with aggressive dispersed pattern of invasion were identified. We performed quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction validation of 4 genes using Taqman assays and in situ protein detection of 1 gene by immunohistochemistry. Functional cluster analysis of genes up-regulated in tumors with aggressive pattern of invasion suggests presence of genes involved in cellular cytoarchitecture, some of which already associated with tumor invasion. Identification of these genes provides biologic rationale for our histologic classification, with regard to tumor invasion, and demonstrates that the whole-genome complementary DNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension and ligation assay is a powerful assay for profiling degraded RNA from archived specimens when combined with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction validation.
Four putative, glyoxysome membrane proteins are instead immunologically-related protein body membrane proteins

Abstract Previous research revealed that peroxisomes/glyoxysomes in plants, mammals, and yeasts possessed a prominent, integral peroxisome membrane protein (PMP) with a molecular mass in the range 21–26 kDa. We also found a major, low molecular mass polypeptide in the glyoxysome membrane fractions from four oilseed species: putative PMP26 in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), PMP22 in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), PMP24.5 in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and PMP24 in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Rabbit antiserum, produced against all the proteins which were solubilized from membranes recovered from isolated cotton glyoxysome fractions, recognized these four putative PMPs on Western blots as well as similar molecular mass polypeptides in mitochondria and protein bodies isolated from cotton and cucumber cotyledons. Postembedding, immunogold analyses of cotton and cucumber cotyledons, however, revealed that antibodies which were affinity-purified to the putative cotton glyoxysome 26-kDa polypeptide specifically bound to membranes of protein bodies, but not to membranes of glyoxysomes nor mitochondria. Antibodies to the bean tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP), a known protein body membrane protein (PBMP), also recognized the four putative PMPs on Western blots and co-localized with anti-cotton PMP26 IgGs on thin sections to membranes of protein bodies. Intact protein bodies were not the source of the PBMPs in the oilseed organelle fractions; immunogold labeling revealed immunoreactive, small indiscrete vesicles interspersed among glyoxysomes and mitochondria in gradient fractions. Thus, putative prominent PMPs believed previously by us and others to be important in biogenesis and/or function of plant peroxisomes were discovered to be antigenically-related PBMPs of similar low molecular mass whose function in oilseeds has yet to be elucidated.
An evaluation of the timing of surgical complications following nephrectomy: data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP)

Purpose The rates of complications following radical/partial nephrectomy (RN/PN) are well known; however, the data regarding timing are opaque. Accordingly, we sought to assess the median time-to-event for 19 principal postoperative complications within 30 days following surgery.
Mimicking the nanofeatures of bone increases bone-forming cell adhesion and proliferation

There is a great need to design better orthopaedic implant devices by modifying their surface properties. In this respect, one approach that has received much attention of late is the simulation of the surface roughness of bone in synthetic orthopaedic implant materials. Bone has numerous nanometre features due to the presence of nanostructured entities such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. Despite this fact, current orthopaedic implant materials are smooth at the nanoscale. Previous studies have measured increased osteoblast (bone-forming cell) functions on biologically inspired nanophase titania compared to conventional titania formulations. In fact, in vitro calcium deposition by osteoblasts was up to three times higher on nanostructured compared to conventional titania. However, it was unclear in those studies what underlying surface properties (roughness, crystallinity, crystal phase, chemistry, etc) promoted enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanophase titania. For that reason, the objective of the present in vitro study was to specifically determine the role nanostructured surface roughness of titania had on increasing functions of osteoblasts. To achieve this, the surface roughness of nanophase and conventional titania was transferred to a model tissue engineering polymer: poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). Results of the present study demonstrated greater osteoblast adhesion and proliferation for up to 5 days of culture on PLGA moulds of nanophase compared to conventional titania. In this manner, this study elucidated that the property of nanophase titania which increased osteoblast function was a large degree of nanometre surface features that mimicked bone. For this reason, nanophase materials deserve more attention in improving orthopaedic implant applications.
Angular Distributions of Electron-Stimulated-Desorption Ions: Oxygen on W(100)

Ions liberated from an adsorbed layer by electron-stimulated desorption are shown to have sharply peaked, symmetric angular distributions which are in registry with the substrate. We propose a new method for investigation of the symmetry of binding sites for adsorbed species.
A Low Energy Separated Orbit Cyclotron

Acceleration in the SOC is achieved by rf cavities placed at equal angular intervals about a ring of alternating gradient guide field magnets wrapped in a flat spiral. Coaxial cavities with two accelerating gaps and having voltage uniform with radius appear to be more economical than tapered rectangular cavities, for machines up to 100 MeV. Deuterons and alpha particles can also be accelerated in a proton machine by operating it on a harmonic number differing by a factor of two. About 5% adjustment in magnetic field is necessary to correct H? when sp is twice sd.
Attribute Acceptance Sampling as a Tool for Verifying Requirements Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Acceptance sampling is a statistical approach that can be adapted to verification problems that rely on the outcomes of stochastic experiments. It is shown here how the technique is used to verify a problem of probabilistic design requirements using Mon..
Carbonyl Tilting and Bending Potential Energy Surface of Carbon Monoxyhemes

The CO tilting (τ) and bending (β) potential energy surface of carbon monoxyheme has been investigated with local density functional calculations. The calculations indicate that τ and β are strongly coupled and that simultaneous, in-phase displacements along these coordinates represent a low-energy pathway across the surface. Calculations on two small model complexes indicate that strong τ−β coupling also occurs in these systems. Accordingly, this feature appears to be a general characteristic of the Fe−CO unit in a square-planar coordination geometry. In-phase τ−β CO deformations (τ + β) of as much as 25° can take place with the expenditure of relatively small amounts of energy (2 kcal/mol or less). However, very large distortions of 45−60° are energetically demanding and unreasonable. The calculations also rule out the possibility that the coordination geometry of the proximal histidine is the major determinant of the CO orientation. Both a full vibrational analysis on a small model complex and a limite...
Effect of managed care on cardiovascular specialists: involvement, attitudes and practice adaptations.

Objectives This study was undertaken to determine the extent to which cardiovascular specialists are involved with and affected by managed care and to ascertain their attitudes toward it. This survey also served as the follow-up to an initial study on the subject performed by the American College of Cardiology in 1993. Background The initial 1993 study was performed to address the lack of any comprehensive examination of the impact of managed care on cardiovascular specialists. In 1995, to reexplore this question and follow up the 1993 findings, the College conducted a survey of its membership in the following areas: 1) physician relationship with managed care plans; 2) number of managed care contracts; 3) breakdown of revenue by payment source; 4) changes in practice in response to managed care; and 5) physician attitudes toward managed care. To the extent feasible, the 1995 questionnaire paralleled the 1993 instrument to facilitate comparisons. Methods A questionnaire was mailed to 5,147 practicing College members in the United States, who were categorized by specialty as pediatric cardiologists, adult cardiologists or cardiovascular surgeons. Mailings were sent to 1) all pediatric cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons; 2) randomly selected adult cardiologists practicing in 10 states with high managed care penetration; and 3) randomly selected adult cardiologists in the nine U.S. census areas who were not practicing in the 10 states with high managed care penetration. Results Usable surveys were returned by 1,236 respondents, for an overall response rate of 24%. Involvement with at least one type of managed care organization was reported by 89% of respondents, up from 76% in 1993. Although managed care relationships had increased across physician age, region, practice and specialty, respondents indicated that, on average, well below 50% of their practice revenues stem from managed care contracts. To adapt to the managed care environment, strategic practice changes, such as joining a cardiovascular network, implementing continuous quality improvement systems and adopting clinical pathways, were being instituted by most respondent practices of nine or more physicians. Smaller groups were less active. Most respondents involved with managed care disliked its effects, particularly in clinical matters. Their attitudes toward the assumption of risk, managed fee-for-service arrangements and a private versus single-payer system show that there is no uniformity of opinion regarding the best means to contain costs and promote efficiency. Conclusions Managed care has become an established part of cardiovascular specialist practice in the United States. Although this trend is viewed with some disfavor, most respondents are making practice changes to adapt to this new environment.
PRESSURE-FLOW BEHAVIOR OF A BRONCIIO-PLEURAL FISTULA DURING MECHANICAL VENTILATION

For a broncho-pleural fistula to resolve, the impedance of the fistulous pathway must increase until flow ceases and the leak seals. We examined the effect of ventilatory pattern on bronchopleural pathway impedance in 7 anesthetized, paralyzed 6-week old lambs. A wedge of subpleural lung tissue was removed and a peripheral bronchus (ID < 1mm) sectioned to create an artificial broncho-pleural pathway. We estimated the pathway's average impedance (Z) from the mean pressures in a regional bronchus measured with a retrograde catheter (Pbr) and at the pleural inlet of the chest tube draining the pleural space (Pout), and the mean flow through the chest tube (Vleak) as Z = (Pbr-Pout)/Vleak. Tidal volume (VT) was measured with a jacket plethysmpgraph calibrated in absolute volume by He dilution. We determined Z while ventilating the lungs with rates of 20, 40, 60, and 80 breath/min and inspiratory times of 1.0, 0.6, 0.3, and 0.2 s. FRC, VT, and mean lung volume were first kept constant at 40, 5, and 2.5 ml/kg. In a second experiment, VT was adjusted to maintain PACO2 constant, without changing FRC or mean volume. Z ranged from 0.172 to 5.930 cm H2O/ml/s and was independent of ventilatory rate even when VT was increased. Repeated stepwise inflation/deflation maneuvers revealed a biphasic static Z-Iung volume relationship, with Z decreasing at low volumes and increasing slowly at volumes greater than FRC. Our results indicate that Z is 1) unaffected by ventilatory pattern at conventional ventilatory rates and 2) sensitive to lung volume only at low volumes. At high lung volumes, peribronchial pressures may exceed the pressure inside the fistula, thus creating a choking effect which increases Z. The same effect may occur if Pout is lowered by applying negative pleural pressure.
DIRECT TESTS OF THE RESERVATION WAGE PROPERTY

This paper provides the first direct experimental tests of the reservation wages predicted by finite horizon job search models. Previous indirect tests were based on search duration and search income. The authors show that such indirect tests are weak by demonstrating that a naive rule performs essentially as well as the risk neutral model in predicting search duration. In contrast, direct tests of predicted reservation wages imply rejections of both the naive rule and the risk neutral model. The general concave model survives direct tests with reservation wage data, as does a specific (logistic) concave model. Copyright 1992 by Royal Economic Society.
GM-CSF can improve the cytogenetic response obtained with interferon-alpha therapy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia

Patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who achieve a major cytogenetic remission when treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-A) have a survival advantage when compared to patients with no cytogenetic response. We investigated the effect of combining granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with IFN-A in the cytogenetic response of patients with minor responses to IFN-A alone. CML patients were eligible if they had shown sensitivity to IFN-A as determined by achievement of a hematologic or cytogenetic response, but failed to achieve or lost a major cytogenetic response after a minimum of 12 months of therapy with IFN-A alone. Patients received GM-CSF 30 microg/m2 daily, subcutaneously and the dose was escalated to 60 microg/m2 if tolerated. IFN-A was continued at the same dose being received by the patient and escalated when possible. Fourteen evaluable patients were included, 13 in chronic phase and one in accelerated phase. The best response prior to GM-CSF was a transient major cytogenetic response in two patients (14%), minor cytogenetic response in nine (64%), and complete hematologic response in three (22%). The median time on IFN-A prior to the start of GM-CSF was 39 months (range 12-72 months). Four patients achieved a significant cytogenetic response, including two complete (14%) and two partial (14%) cytogenetic remissions during therapy. One partial cytogenetic remission converted to complete shortly after therapy was discontinued. Two other patients had a significant reduction in the percentage of Philadelphia chromosome-positive metaphases. The dose of IFN-A could be escalated in half of the patients treated. No toxicity could be attributed to the addition of GM-CSF. We conclude that the addition of GM-CSF to the treatment with IFN-A in CML patients who are sensitive to IFN-A alone but fail to achieve a major cytogenetic response may be beneficial in some patients and should be further investigated.
Actions of the nitrites on the peripheral circulation and myocardial oxygen consumption: significance in the relief of angina pectoris.

Myocardial ischemia is best viewed as a discrepancy between myocardial oxygen demands and availability of oxygen to the heart. Although the fundamental action of each nitrite is generalized direct vasodilation, in patients with coronary arterial disease the dynamic factor mediating favorable effects of these agents on angina pectoris appears largely to be reduction of myocardial oxygen requirements. Thus, the salutary effect of sublingual nitroglycerin is most related to venodilation which results in peripheral pooling of blood and reduction of heart size, thereby diminishing systolic wall tension and oxygen consumption of the ischemic left ventricle. With rapid introduction of nitrite into the circulation following inhaled amyl nitrite, marked direct peripheral arteriolar dilation results in decline of systolic tension and oxygen utilization of the heart and relief of myocardial ischemic pain. Thus, a peripheral circulatory mechanism of action of the nitrites is described which is immediately available for improvement of angina pectoris and is operative even in absence of coronary dilation.
Atrazine sorption on surface soils: time-dependent phase distribution and apparent desorption hysteresis

Abstract Non-equilibrium sorption–desorption behavior of atrazine was studied on two surface soils. Impact of sorption contact time was evaluated by interpreting temporal variations in Freundlich sorption isotherm parameters n(t) and KF(t) obtained from the phase distribution relationships. The extent of sorption linearity was very similar (n∼0.90) for the two soils at all sorption contact times. KF(t) increased with contact time and stabilized upon reaching apparent equilibrium. KF for woodland soil was significantly higher than that for agricultural soil. The Apparent Hysteresis Index (AHI) parameter was used to quantify sorption–desorption hysteresis arising from non-equilibrium sorption. AHI was a function of the sorption contact time and correlated well with KF(t). The woodland soil sorbed more herbicide due to its higher organic matter content. However, a larger fraction of the herbicide sorbed to this soil was released rapidly (within 24 h) following sorptive uptake. The differences in sorption–desorption behavior of atrazine in the two soils appear to be related to variations in the type and location of organic matter in the two soils. The parameters KF(t) and AHI(t) consistently demonstrated the effects that arise when batch systems are not brought to equilibrium during sorption studies.
A secure extensible container for hybrid mobile applications

An agile, lightweight, but secure extensible hybrid application container and deployment mechanism for mobile devices has the potential to provide improved cross platform support, reduced development lifecycle time and a consistent application security model within large organizations. We demonstrate how such an architecture can provide a set of security and mobile device management interfaces to lightweight applications written in a high level markup and scripting language and also how these applications can be provisioned via push or pull mechanisms to an Enterprise user's device. The use of such a container for hybrid applications widens the potential support and development resource within an organization to employees possessing readily available skill sets, this permits mission critical applications to be developed in a much shorter time frame than with native mobile application deployment methods.
BAG3: a new player in the heart failure paradigm

BAG3 is a cellular protein that is expressed predominantly in skeletal and cardiac muscle but can also be found in the brain and in the peripheral nervous system. BAG3 functions in the cell include: serving as a co-chaperone with members of the heat-shock protein family of proteins to facilitate the removal of misfolded and degraded proteins, inhibiting apoptosis by interacting with Bcl2 and maintaining the structural integrity of the Z-disk in muscle by binding with CapZ. The importance of BAG3 in the homeostasis of myocytes and its role in the development of heart failure was evidenced by the finding that single allelic mutations in BAG3 were associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, significant decreases in the level of BAG3 have been found in end-stage failing human heart and in animal models of heart failure including mice with heart failure secondary to trans-aortic banding and in pigs after myocardial infarction. Thus, it becomes relevant to understand the cellular biology and molecular regulation of BAG3 expression in order to design new therapies for the treatment of patients with both hereditary and non-hereditary forms of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Message passing in parallel real time continuous systems simulations

We have developed a mechanism for reducing the communication costs (total communication time) of a class of parallel real time simulation algorithms for execution on a hypercube parallel processing computer. The mechanism involves bundling together messages destined for transmission on the same channel. The theoretical savings range from 25% to 61% for hypercubes of dimensions two through five. Experiments demonstrate substantial agreement with the theoretical values.
The identification of polynomial systems by means of higher order spectra

Abstract Following a number of earlier authors, we define a polynomial system as a system that carries a signal of the form X 1 ( t ) + αX 2 ( t ), − ∞ t The usual procedures, for the identification of time invariant linear systems, are particular cases of our procedures.
Material Strengthening Mechanisms and Their Contribution to Size Effect in Micro-Cutting

The specific cutting energy in machining is known to increase nonlinearly with decrease in uncut chip thickness. It has been reported in the literature that this phenomenon is dependent on several factors such as material strengthening, ploughing due to finite edge radius, and material separation effects. This paper examines the material strengthening effect where the material strength increases as the uncut chip thickness decreases down to a few microns. This increase in strength has been attributed to various factors such as strain-rate, strain gradient and temperature effects. Given that the increase in material strength in the primary and secondary deformation zones can occur due to many factors, it is important to understand the contributions of each factor to the increase in specific cutting energy and the conditions under which they are dominant. This paper analyzes two material strengthening factors: (i) the contribution of the decrease in the secondary deformation zone cutting temperature, and (ii) strain gradient strengthening, and their relative contributions to the increase in specific cutting energy as the uncut chip thickness is reduced. Finite Element (FE) based orthogonal cutting simulations are performed using aluminum 5083-H116, a work material with a small strain-rate hardening exponent, thus minimizing strain-rate effect. Suitable cutting conditions are identified under which the temperature and strain gradient effects are dominant. Orthogonal cutting experiments are used to validate the model in terms of the cutting forces. The simulation results are then analyzed to identify the contributions of the material strengthening factors to the size effect in specific cutting energy.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The relationship between prior performance and diversification: a study of three industries

The extensive research undertaken in studying the relationship between diversification and performance has been largely inconclusive. There have been a number of reasons for mixed results including heterogeneity of samples, pooling of data, and cross‐sectional analyses. One possible way to address these problems is to make comparisons based on homogeneity of samples, or some other well‐defined structural variable, and to study firms longitudinally. More than just the statistical analysis, this paper identifies the key role of critical antecedent conditions that affect outcomes from diversification strategies. A sample of 59 firms from three distinctly different industries (food, electronics, and petroleum) are used in this empirical study. Results indicate that statistically significant differences exist when industry homogeneity is maintained and critical antecedent variables are isolated. More importantly, the role of initial conditions and historical performance levels have an important bearing on diversification efforts and subsequent performance.
Molecular Dissection of the [epsilon] Subunit of the Chloroplast ATP Synthase of Spinach

The gene encoding the [epsilon] subunit (atpE) of the chloroplast ATP synthase of Spinacia oleracea has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein can be solubilized in 8 M urea and directly diluted into buffer containing ethanol and glycerol to obtain [epsilon] that is as biologically active as [epsilon] purified from chloroplast-coupling factor 1 (CF1). Recombinant [epsilon] folded in this manner inhibits the ATPase activity of soluble and membrane-bound CF1 deficient in [epsilon] and restores proton impermeability to thylakoid membranes reconstituted with CF1 deficient in [epsilon]. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate truncations and single amino acid substitutions in the primary structure of [epsilon]. In the five mutants tested, alterations that weaken ATPase inhibition by recombinant [epsilon] affect its ability to restore proton impermeability to a similar extent, with one exception. Substitution of histidine-37 with arginine appears to uncouple ATPase inhibition and the restoration of proton impermeabilty. As in the case of E. coli, it appears that N-terminal truncations of the [epsilon] subunit have more profound effects than C-terminal deletions on the function of [epsilon]. Recombinant [epsilon] with six amino acids deleted from the C terminus, which is the only region of significant mismatch between the [epsilon] of spinach and the [epsilon] of Pisum sativum, inhibits ATPase activity with a reduced potency similar to that of purified pea [epsilon]. Four of the six amino acids are serine or threonine. These hydroxylated amino acids may be important in [epsilon]-CF1 interactions.
A phase 2 trial of dasatinib in advanced melanoma

BACKGROUND: Inhibiting src kinases (non-receptor tyrosine kinase signaling intermediates) reduces melanoma cell proliferation and invasion. Dasatinib inhibits c-kit, PDGFβR, and EPHA2 and src kinases c-src, c-Yes, Lck, and Fyn. A phase 2 trial of dasatinib in melanoma was conducted to assess response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity. METHODS: Adults with stage 3/4 chemotherapy-naive unresectable melanoma were eligible. Dasatinib was initially administered at 100 mg twice daily continuously to 17 patients. Due to toxicity, the starting dosage was decreased to 70 mg twice daily. Tumor assessments occurred every 8 weeks. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients were enrolled, 36 of whom were evaluable for activity and toxicity. Five, 4, and 3 patients had acral-lentiginous, ocular, or mucosal primaries, respectively. Two patients had confirmed partial responses lasting 64 and 24 weeks (RR 5%). Three patients had minor responses lasting 136, 64, and 28 weeks, and 1 patient who was responding discontinued due to noncompliance. The median PFS was 8 weeks; the 6-month PFS rate was 13%. One patient with an exon-13 c-kit mutation had a partial response, whereas disease in another patient with an exon-11 c-kit mutation progressed. Common toxicities were fatigue, dyspnea, and pleural effusion. CONCLUSIONS: Daily dasatinib has minimal activity in unselected melanoma patients, excluding those with c-kit mutations. The study did not meet the prespecified endpoints of 30% response rate or 6-month PFS. Dasatinib was poorly tolerated overall, often requiring dose reduction or interruption. Because activity was observed in a small subset without c-kit mutations, identifying predictive biomarkers is important for future development of dasatinib in melanoma alone or in combination trials. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Viral endomyocardial infection in the 1st year post transplant is associated with persistent inflammation in children who have undergone cardiac transplant

Background: Viral genome in cardiac allograft has been associated with early graft loss in children who have undergone cardiac transplant from unknown mechanisms. Methods: This study is a retrospective review of children who have undergone cardiac transplant at a single institution from 1/2004 to 5/2008. Patients underwent cardiac catheterisations with endomyocardial biopsies to evaluate for rejection – graded on Texas Heart Institute scale – and the presence of virus by polymerase chain reaction. Patients with virus identified during the first year post transplant were compared at 1 year post transplant with virus-free patients. Results: The cohort comprised 59 patients, and the median age at transplant was 5.1 years. Viral genomes were isolated from 18 (31%) patients. The PCR + group had increased inflammation on endomyocardial biopsies, with a median score of 4 (ISHLT IR) versus 1 (ISHLT 1R) in the PCR – group (p = 0.014). The PCR + group had a similar cardiac index (median 3.7 ml/min/m2), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (median 10 mmHg), and pulmonary vascular resistance index (median 1.7 U m2) comparatively. PCR + patients were more likely to have experienced an episode of rejection (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Children who developed viral endomyocardial infections after a cardiac transplant have increased allograft inflammation compared with virus-free patients. However, the haemodynamic profile is similar between the groups. The ongoing subclinical inflammation may contribute to the early graft loss associated with these patients.
Liver transplant after massive spontaneous hepatic rupture in pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia.

Background : Spontaneous hepatic rupture associated with preeclampsia is a rare but life-threatening situation. Several different surgical treatments have been described, depending on the severity of the rupture. Liver transplantation has become the mainstay for patients with end-stage liver disease. Transplantation in the setting of liver trauma or massive parenchymal disruption is not well defined. To our knowledge, this treatment has not been reported for spontaneous hepatic rupture in pregnancy. Case : Massive, spontaneous hepatic rupture occurred in a patient at 36 weeks' gestation as a result of severe preeclampsia. Conventional surgical therapies were unsuccessful in controlling the massive hemorrhage. As a life-saving measure, the patient underwent total hepatectomy with the creation of an end-to-side portacaval shunt, thereby rendering the patient anhepatic. The patient was listed as urgently needing a liver for transplantation through the United Network for Organ Sharing. A suitable donor liver was located approximately 8 hours after the emergency hepatectomy. The patient underwent orthotopic liver transplantation after being maintained in an anhepatic state for almost 13 hours. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 41, suffering only from some ischemic lower extremity neuropathy secondary to hypovolemic hypotension occurring during the hepatectomy procedure. Conclusion : In the reported case, spontaneous hepatic rupture resulted in a massive hemorrhage that could not be controlled by previously reported techniques and required total hepatectomy followed by liver transplantation.
Nosocomial infections and nosocomial pneumonia

Nosocomial infections are a major source of revenue loss, morbidity, and even mortality to surgical patients. This review presents current issues regarding nosocomial infections and nosocomial pneumonias. This study is a literature review that presents material on nosocomial infections in general and details regarding Clostridium difficile and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infections. Nosocomial infections, including pneumonias, are serious medical complications, and prevention by strict adherence to barrier precaution is the most important means of protecting the patient from hospital-acquired bacterial flora.
Protein and solute distribution in drug substance containers during frozen storage and post‐thawing: A tool to understand and define freezing–thawing parameters in biotechnology process development

Active pharmaceutical ingredient for biotechnology-based drugs, commonly known as drug substance (DS), is often stored frozen for longer shelf-life. Freezing DS enhances stability by slowing down reaction rates that lead to protein instability, minimizes the risk of microbial growth, and eliminates the risk of transport-related stress. High density polyethylene bottles are commonly used for storing monoclonal antibody DS due to good mechanical stress/strain resistant properties even at low temperatures. Despite the aforementioned advantages for frozen storage of DS, this is not devoid of risks. Proteins are known to undergo ice-water surface denaturation, cryoconcentration, and cold denaturation during freezing. A systematic investigation was performed to better understand the protein and solute distribution along with potential of aggregate formation during freeze and thaw process. A significant solute and protein concentration gradient was observed for both frozen and thawed DS bottles. In case of thawed DS, cryoconcentration was localized in the bottom layer and a linear increase in concentration as a function of liquid depth was observed. On the other hand, for frozen DS, a "bell shaped" cryoconcentration distribution was observed between the bottom layers and centre position. A cryoconcentration of almost three-fold was observed for frozen DS in the most concentrated part when freezing was conducted at -20 and -40 °C and 2.5-fold cryoconcentration was observed in the thawed DS before mixing. The information obtained in this study is critical to design freeze thaw experiments, storage condition determination, and process improvement in manufacturing environment.
Dip limitations on migrated sections as a function of line length and recording time; discussion

Dr. Lynn and Dr. Deregowski nicely analyzed how recording time and line length limit the detection of dipping beds and the resolution of deeper diffractors. For migration and synthetic seismogram generation I exploited this decrease in dip spectrum at late recording times both to supress migration artifacts and to decrease the cost of migration.
Coupling of Optically Active Quantum Dots

Coupling between optically active nanostructures can be mediated in different ways. Here a brief excerpt is given on recent experiments on the coupling of self-assembled quantum dots.
Patients and Pilgrims: Changing Attitudes Toward Psychotherapy of Converts to Eastern Mysticism

The eastern mystical tradition's movement into American life is depicted in this paper, which reports on the intriguing pattern of changing attitudes toward the use of psychotherapy among many members of the two major groups studied and also suggests a new rationale to justify psychotherapy.
PANORAMIC MODAL TESTING OF THE SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE ALTERNATIVE TURBOPUMP INLET BELLOWS LINER

This paper demonstrates a powerful new inspection tool currently being used by NASA to visualize mode shapes within cylindrically shaped cavities. The approach has an advantage over modal hammer impact testing in that spatial definition is optimized. In contrast to standard time-average holo-interferometry, panoramic holo-interferometry allows the inner walls of a cavity to be viewed simultaneously, and radial displacements to be recorded with nearly constant sensitivity over the entire field of view.
Nonlocal corrections to Fresnel optics: Jellium-model calculations above the bulk-plasmon threshold.

We extend our methods for calculating the nonlocal corrections to the Fresnel optics of jellium models so that they may be applied above the threshold for bulk-plasmon excitation. The formalism is illustrated by several model calculations for different surface potential-energy barriers and different approximations for the mean field felt by the responding electrons. Once one has separated out the creation amplitude for the bulk plasmon, the remaining structure does not show strong variation between theoretical models. This conclusion applies to both induced densities and d parameters. We show that the results are consistent with the sum rules for the d's.
MULTIPLE TRACK EFFICIENCY TEST SYSTEM FOR THIN SPARK CHAMBERS.

Abstract We describe a compact, lightweight system of permanent magnets and scintillators arranged to deflect beta particles from a radioactive source along an S-shaped curve through a thin plane spark chamber in such a manner that the beta particles make three separate traversals of the chamber.
Enzymatic Acyl Exchange of Triglyceride in n-Hexane

Chemical interesterification has been used to improve the physical properties of triglyceride in the oil and fat industry. In chemical interesterification, it is difficult to introduce the desired acyl group into the. desired position of glycerol because the reaction occurs randomly. On the other hand, it is well known that lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) show specificities toward the position of glycerol and the kind of acyl residue in hydrolysis!) and synthesis ) of triglyceride. So the acyl exchange reaction between triglyceride and free fatty acid using lipase seems to be useful for improving the properties of triglyceride. However, little investigation has been attempted up to now. ) In this paper, we describe a unique acyl exchange reaction in n-hexane using lipase dissolved in glycerol. Reactions were carried out in 200 ml rubber-stoppered vessels which contained, typically, 10 g olive oil, 10 g stearic acid, 40 ml n-hexane, and 40 mg lipase derived from Rhizopus delemar (200 units/mg solid, purchased from Seikagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd., and used for experiments without further purification. One unit activity was defined as that liberating 1 micromole equivalent of fatty acid from olive oil per minute.) in the presence of 0.1 ml glycerol or 0.3 M TES bubber (pH 6.5). The vessel was shaken for 1 to 3 days on a
Microcolorimetric determination of soluble carbohydrates

Abstract A new procedure is described for the determination of microgram quantities of carbohydrates using a combination of l -cystine, phenol and H 2 SO 4 . l -Cysteine intensified considerably the colour with d -glucose, its derivatives and fructose, but weakly that with other hexoses and pentoses. The procedure finds application in carbohydrate determinations of: (a) the total mixed monomer-oligomers in enzymic hydrolysates of glucans such as cellulose, (b) the relative amounts of hemicellulosic and cellulosic fractions in hydrolysates of natural cellulosic materials, (c) the formation or utilization of sugars under anaerobic conditions where l -cysteine now no longer interferes, (d) individual sugars separated by chromatography.
Revised unit cell parameters for LiVO3

The corrected monoclinic unit cell dimensions of LiVO3 are a0 = 10.164 A, b0 = 8.392 A, c0 = 5.883 A and β = 110° 45′.
Hybrid solutions for improving passive filter performance in high power applications

This paper presents a new control scheme for a parallel hybrid active filter system intended for harmonic compensation of large nonlinear loads upto 20 MVA to meet IEEE 519 recommended harmonic standards. The control scheme is based on the concept of synthesizing a dynamically variable inductance and is used for an active filtering application. A synchronous reference frame based controller implements the dynamically varying, negative or positive inductance, by generating active filter inverter voltage commands. This controller based parallel hybrid active filter system can selectively synthesize multiple active inductances at dominant harmonic frequencies without affecting passive filter impedances at all other frequencies. The controller can be used to provide 'current limiting' function to prevent passive filter overloading under ambient harmonic loads and/or supply voltage distortions. Three implementation variations of parallel hybrid active filter system are presented. This paper also proposes the use of power factor correction capacitors as passive filters for parallel hybrid active filter system, controlled to provide multiple tuned harmonic sinks and to increase cost-effectiveness for high power applications. Simulation results with both PWM and square-wave inverters validate the controller operation for mis-tuned passive filters, single and multiple frequency tuning, to achieve harmonic compensation of a 325 kVA harmonic load under supply voltage harmonics and ambient harmonic loads.