cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monitoring After Surgery for Acute Aortic Syndromes

After surgical repair for acute aortic syndromes, whether with open, endovascular or hybrid approaches, immediate post-operative and long-term monitoring require a patient specific approach. In the acute phase, dissection, in particular, can create a cascade of malperfusion of branch vessels accompanied by profound metabolic derangements. In the long term, consistent institutional guidelines for imaging modality and frequency are critical to monitor for complications of repair or degeneration of native aorta, which may require late intervention. In this chapter, we discuss immediate post-operative monitoring and long term surveillance approaches for both Type A and Type B acute aortic syndromes.
A Case of Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Abstract Background While vaccination against coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been proven generally safe, rare but potentially serious adverse reactions do occur. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is a small-vessel vasculitis that has been associated with other immunizations, but, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported in association with vaccines directed against SARS-CoV-2. Case Report We report the case of a 22-year-old man with no known past medical history who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with two days of migratory arthritis in his ankles and palpable purpura on his bilateral lower extremities, occurring ten days after receiving the Johnson & Johnson SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The patient's clinical presentation was suggestive of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and this diagnosis was confirmed on skin biopsy.
RECENT GLACIER CHANGES IN THE WIND RIVER RANGE, WYOMING

Parallax measurements on matching aerial photograph stereopairs from 1958 and 1983 were used to calculate the ice lost from Dinwoody Glacier in the Wind River Range of Wyoming. The ice remaining in Dinwoody Glacier was measured using a portable radio echo-sounder. Isopach maps of lost ice thickness and remaining ice thickness in the glacier were constructed from these point measurements. Calculations of lost and remaining ice volumes, converted to water-equivalent values, were derived from planimetric measurements from these isopach maps. The water equivalent remaining in Dinwoody Glacier is approximately equal to that lost between 1958 and 1983. Should this rate of downwasting and retreat continue, Dinwoody Glacier will disappear in 27 years, with significant adverse impacts on late summer and early fall water supplies for downstream irrigators and instream flow needs. [Key words: glaciers, glacier runoff, radio echo-sounding, Wind River Range, Wyoming.]
Trends in treatment of newly treated schizophrenia-spectrum disorder patients in Taiwan from 1999 to 2006

Purpose This study aimed to examine trends in the first-year pharmacological treatment of newly treated schizophrenia patients in Taiwan between 1999 and 2006. Method We collected data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of all newly treated patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (ICD-9 295.x). We analyzed all prescription records after diagnosis of schizophrenia and described the patterns of antipsychotics use, other concomitant psychotropic agents use, and mental health system utilization. We tested for trend using multivariate logistic regression and Spearman's partial correlation rank test. Results A total of 2895 newly treated patients with schizophrenia were enrolled. The percentage of prescriptions of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) was found to have increased significantly, from 27.5% in 1999 to 76.9% in 2006. The ratio of good antipsychotics adherence (medication possession ratio >0.8) also increased, from 23.2% in 1998 to 38.9% in 2006. Corresponding to this, the percentage of usage of first-generation antipsychotic drugs, anticholinergic agents, and long-term combination therapy declined. However, the prescription of antidepressants and mood stabilizers and the hospitalization rate increased. No change was noted in the number of psychiatric visits. Conclusion In the first-year treatment of newly treated schizophrenic patients between 1999 and 2006, we found pharmacological treatment had changed in terms of types of antipsychotics, adherence, and the use of other concomitant psychotropic agents, with the introduction of SGAs. The benefits and costs of the changes with a trend toward an increasing prescription of SGAs warrant further investigation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth Inhibition of Human Breast Cancer Cells in Vitro with an Antibody against the Type I Somatomedin Receptor

Abstract Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) stimulate the growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro . The type I somatomedin receptor (SR), expressed in these cells, may mediate the mitogenic effects of these peptides. We have examined the effect of type I SR blockade on human breast cancer growth with a monoclonal antibody (α-IR 3 ) that blocks the receptor binding domain. α-IR 3 inhibited binding of 125 I-IGF-I in all breast cancer cell lines tested. Binding affinity of α-IR 3 was 2 to 5 times higher than that of IGF-I in MDA-231 ( K d 2.1 nm) and MCF-7 cells ( K d 0.6 nm), respectively. In the presence of 10% calf serum, the antibody inhibited anchorage-independent growth of six of seven breast cancer cell lines. This inhibition was reversible with excess IGF-I. In serum-free medium, α-IR 3 blocked IGF-I-stimulated DNA synthesis in four of four breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, ZR75-1, MDA-231, and HS578T). However, the antibody did not inhibit basal growth of any of the breast cancer cell lines in serum-free conditions. In three estrogen receptor-positive, estrogen-responsive breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, ZR75-1, and T47D), type I SR blockade with α-IR 3 failed to block estrogen-stimulated DNA synthesis or cell proliferation, indicating that secreted IGF activity is not the sole mediator of the growth effects of estrogen. In conclusion, antibody-mediated type I SR blockade does not inhibit basal growth of breast cancer cells under serum-free conditions, arguing against a critical autocrine role of endogenously secreted IGF activity in vitro . However, type I SR blockade inhibits breast cancer cell growth in the presence of serum, suggesting that serum IGFs might be critical endocrine or paracrine regulators of human breast cancer.
Vibronic-Spin-Orbit Interactions in Polycyclic Monoazines

Theoretical considerations indicate that there are two important mechanisms through which the emitting 3(π, π*) state may acquire dipole allowed character in polycyclic monoazines. These are: (1) first-order spin-orbit perturbation of the 3(π, π*) state by out-of-plane polarized σ π*, π σ* and n π* singlet-singlet transitions, and (2) second-order mechanism consisting of vibronic coupling of the 3(π, π*) state with higher-lying 3(n, π*) state which is spin-orbit coupled to in-plane polarized 1(π, π*) states and/or spin-orbit coupling of the 3(π, π*) state with 1(n, π*) state which is vibronically coupled to in-plane polarized 1(π, π*) states. The first-order spin-orbit coupling introduces out-of-plane polarized intensity into entire phosphorescence band, while the second-order perturbation leads to the appearance of in-plane polarized intensity outside the 0,0 region of phosphorescence. Combination of these two spin-orbit interactions leads to the appearance of phosphorescence whose out-of-plane contribution decreases outside the 0,0 band of the emission. Because the 3(n, π*) - 3(π, π*) and 1(n, π*) - 3(π, π*) energy gaps are larger in hydroxyl solvents than in hydrocarbon solvents (due to the well-known blue shift of the n, π* state in the former) the second-order spin-orbit coupling is expected to be less efficient in hydroxyl solvents than in hydrocarbon solvents. In agreement with the above conclusion, the phosphorescence of polycyclic monoazines is shorter-lived and more in-plane polarized (outside the 0,0 region) in hydrocarbon solvents than in hydroxyl solvents. It is proposed that a similar vibronic-spin-orbit interaction is responsible for the solvent dependence of fluorescence and intersystem crossing from 1(π, π*) states of many heteroaromatic molecules.
Therapy with the elderly: A collaborative approach

In this paper, the collaborative language approach will be used to illustrate how therapists can successfully treat depression of the institutionalized elderly. With many institutionalized elderly experiencing a lack of meaningful conversation, the collaborative language approach can actively engage residents in conversations that begin to change their realities or perspectives on life.
On the continuous spectra of the compressible boundary layer stability equations

The branch cuts in the complex frequency plane (ω) that correspond to the continuous spectrum of the two-dimensional compressible boundary layer stability equations are computed by looking for solutions that are pure oscillatory in the free-stream. In the complex ω-plane there are three compressible and one incompressible branch cuts. The compressible branch cuts are given as solutions of third order polynomials. Computations are made for a range of Reynolds and Mach numbers, and also for several streamwise wavenumbers.
Enteral nutrients promote postnatal maturation of intestinal motor activity in preterm infants

Low-compliance perfusion manometry and clinical outcome were used to assess the chronic effects of feeding on functional maturation of the preterm intestine in 32 infants. During the first postnatal week, 16 infants received a small volume of formula to supplement their routine parenteral nutrition (24 ml.kg-1.day-1), and 16 received an equal volume of water. After 10 days of enteral "feedings," the manometric tracings of those infants who had received nutrient feedings had more migrating activity (P < 0.01) and less clustered phasic activity (P < 0.05) during fasting than did the tracings of those infants who had received nonnutrient feedings containing sterile water. Infants who received nutrient feedings demonstrated a change in motor activity in response to feeding; infants who had received water feedings failed to show a change in motor activity in response to feeding. After water-fed infants were given formula feedings for 2 wk, their motor activity patterns were similar to those who had initially been fed formula, and their motor responses to feeding were restored. Despite normalization of their motor activity patterns by 1 mo of age, these water-fed infants established full enteral nutrition and full nipple feedings later than did infants who had been fed formula (P < 0.01), suggesting that the delay of enteral feedings in preterm infants does not permit optimal intestinal maturation of nonmucosal functions.
Automatic phase alignment for high bandwidth Cartesian feedback power amplifiers

We demonstrate a truly continuous regulator of oscillator phase alignment suitable for high bandwidth Cartesian feedback power amplifiers. A new approach to the problem is introduced, which yields a simple nonlinear dynamical controller. Our prototype achieves accurate regulation (3.8 degrees) at the highest baseband bandwidth reported.
It's not as simple as it sounds: Problems and solutions in accessing and using administrative child welfare data for evaluating the impact of early childhood interventions

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in using administrative data collected by state child welfare agencies as a source of information for research and evaluation. The challenges of obtaining access to and using these data, however, have not been well documented. This study describes the processes used to access child welfare records in six different states and the approach to combining and using the information gathered to evaluate the impact of the Early Head Start program on children's involvement with the child welfare system from birth through age eleven. We provide “lessons learned” for researchers who are attempting to use this information, including being prepared for long delays in access to information, the need for deep understanding of how child welfare agencies record and code information, and for considerable data management work for translating agency records into analysis-ready datasets. While accessing and using this information is not easy, and the data have a number of limitations, we suggest that the benefits can outweigh the challenges and that these records can be a useful source of information for policy-relevant child welfare research.
Psychoeducational Psychotherapy (PEP) for Children With Bipolar Disorder: Two Case Studies

Treatments for children with bipolar disorder are limited. Psychosocial interventions are considered essential to improve overall functioning, but evidence-based treatments are scarce. We present results from 2 children treated with an expanded version of individual family psychoeducational psychotherapy (PEP; Fristad, 2006). Children's Global Assessment Scale scores and 3 of 4 mood scales improved after treatment. Parents and children reported improved family interactions. Parental attitudes toward treatment improved. Consumer evaluations indicated parents and children found the intervention length to be appropriate; benefits were noted in child and family functioning and interfacing with the child's school. Additional evaluation of PEP appears warranted.
Colon tumor: Enzymology of the neoplastic program

Abstract The biochemical strategy of colon tumor was investigated by comparing the enzymic programs of glycolysis, pentose phosphate production and purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and degradation in liver, normal colon mucosa and transplantable colon adenocarcinoma in the mouse. In normal colon mucosa the carbohydrate and pentose phosphate enzymes were 2- to 9-fold higher in specific activity than those in liver. Among the enzymes of CTP synthesis, CTP synthetase was the rate-limiting one in both liver and colon. In colon tumor CTP synthetase, OMP decarboxylase, uracil phosphoribosyltransferase and thymidine kinase activities increased to 927, 863, 597 and 514% of activities of normal colon. In contrast, the activity of the catabolic enzymes, dihydrothymine dehydrogenase and uridine phosphorylase, decreased to 51 and 25%. The ratios of activities of uridine kinase/uridine phosphorylase and thymidine kinase/dihydrothymine dehydrogenase were elevated 6- and 10-fold. The activity of the key purine synthetic enzyme, glutamine PRPP amidotransferase, increased 7-fold and the opposing rate-limiting enzyme of purine catabolism, xanthine oxidase, decreased to 7%. The ratio of amidotransferase/xanthine oxidase was elevated to 8, 150%. Activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transaldolase did not increase, but that of pyruvate kinase was elevated to 154%. Similar enzymic programs were observed in a transplantable adenocarcinoma of the colon in the rat. The alterations in gene expression in colon tumor manifested in an integrated pattern of enzymic imbalance indicate the display of a program, a segment of which is shared with rat and human liver and kidney tumors. These alterations in gene expression should confer selective advantages to colon tumor cells. The striking increases in the activities of CTP synthetase, OMP decarboxylase, glutamine PRPP amidotransferase and thymidine kinase mark out these enzymes as potentially sensitive targets for combination chemotherapy by specific inhibitors of these enzyme activities.
Construct Validity for the UCLA Laparoscopic Training System

This study aims to establish the construct validity of new Laparoscopic Training Simulator (LTS) developed at UCLA. The system was developed due to the increasing demand for Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) coupled with the difficulty associated in training surgeons in the use of MIS techniques with traditional apprenticeship models. In addition to training issues, there exists an immediate need for an objective assessment of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) skills and techniques required to ensure safe and high quality treatment as previously established [1]. While currently available training systems have been used they are slow in educating new surgeons and they do not provide an objective assessment. The new system developed UCLA-LTS [2] addresses these very issues by combining the simplicity of the traditional training box with the advances in computer simulation technology to both train and to assess skill level.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
On the geometry of homogeneous turbulence, with stress on the fractal dimension of the iso-surfaces of scalars

This paper studies several geometric aspects of the Poisson and Gaussian random fields approximating Burgers k−2 and Kolmogorov .
An approximate method for thermoviscoelastic stress analysis

Abstract This paper is concerned with an approximate method of analysis for problems in thermoviscoelasticity. Axisymmetric and point-symmetric boundary value problems are considered. The method employed consists of dividing the body to be analyzed into a set of “finite element” subregions. Approximate displacements are assumed and the behaviour of each element is established through the principle of virtual displacements. Satisfaction of compatibility and continuity conditions between elements leads to a set of simultaneous integral equations (for integral constitutive equations) defining the response of the entire body. A step-forward integration scheme is employed to solve the set of equations. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the method as well as the effect of temperature gradients on the response of viscoelastic cylinders.
Modern truth and postmodern incredulity: A hermeneutic deconstruction of the metanarrative of “scientific truth” in marketing research

Abstract A hermeneutic deconstruction is offered of the metanarrative of scientific truth as it has been advocated in the marketing literature as essential to the integrity of marketing research. Specific consideration is given to the proposal that adherence to this metanarrative is essential to the scientific integrity of marketing research and the related claim that incredulity toward this metanarrative could precipitate a wide array of detrimental consequences. It is proposed that these proposals evoke many latent socio-historic meanings ensuing from the philosophical legacy of enlightenment philosophy and its conceptual intertwining of issues related to truth, method, indubitable knowledge, and morality. This deconstruction is undertaken for the constructive purpose of reconsidering postmodernism's incredulity toward the metanarrative of scientific truth in a way less encumbered by sedimented historical beliefs and antinomies deriving from the intellectual heritage of enlightenment philosophy.
Hepatitis B Antigen Activity in Protein Subunits produced by Sonication

HEPATITIS B antigen (HBAg, originally designated Au or HAA) occurs in the serum as 20 nm virus-like particles1–5. An immunochemical study of the purified antigen is essential in understanding the molecular biology of this unique antigen. Analogous to the TMVP decapeptide6 the primary sequence of the haptenic peptide of HBAg may provide a basis for developing a synthetic peptide, which when coupled to human albumin, could serve the purpose of active immunization against hepatitis type B. The protein moiety containing HBAg is resistant to proteolytic enzymes and conventional biochemical analyses have failed to produce biologically active subunits7–11. Here we describe the preparation of active subunits of HBAg by sonication and their chromatographic resolution.
Right-sided maze procedure for right atrial arrhythmias in congenital heart disease.

Abstract Background . Atrial fibrillation and flutter, commonly associated with congenital heart anomalies that cause right atrial dilatation, may cause significant morbidity and reduction of quality of life, even after surgical repair of the anomalies. Methods . In an effort to reduce the incidence of atrial tachyarrhythmias after repair of right-sided congenital heart disease, we performed a concomitant right-sided maze procedure. Results . Eighteen patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or flutter (n = 12) or chronic atrial fibrillation or flutter (n = 6) aged 10.9 to 68.4 years (mean 34.9 years) underwent a right-sided maze in association with repair of Ebstein's anomaly (n = 15), congenital tricuspid insufficiency (n = 2), and isolated atrial septal defect (n = 1). There were no early deaths, reoperations, or complete heart block. Discharge rhythm was sinus (n = 16) or junctional (n = 2). Follow-up was complete in all 18 patients and ranged from 3.1 to 17.2 months (mean 8.1 months); all are in New York Heart Association class I. Early postoperative arrhythmias developed in 3 patients (all were converted to sinus rhythm by antiarrhythmic drugs). There were no late deaths or reoperations. Conclusions . The inclusion of a right-sided maze procedure with cardiac repair in patients having congenital heart anomalies that cause right atrial dilatation and associated atrial tachyarrhythmias is effective in eliminating or reducing the incidence of those arrhythmias.
Cognitive style and innovation in organizations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to validate cognitive style (i.e. linear, nonlinear, and balanced thinking) with innovation intentions and behaviors. It was hypothesized that a balanced linear/nonlinear thinking style and the inclination toward more innovative intentions are strongly related. Design/methodology/approach – A survey questionnaire of business students in the USA and France was employed. Formally validated measures of thinking style and innovation were replicated in this project. Findings – The results of an analysis of 186 respondents found a significant, direct relationship between balanced thinking style and innovative intention and behavior measures. Research limitations/implications – The results demonstrate that cognitive style and innovation are related, but the direct validation of actual innovative behaviors, in situ, needs to be included in the next step of this research stream. Further, the composition of groups can also be evaluated using these measures. Practical implicati...
Does purely predatory advertising exist

"Purely predatory advertising" has been defined as advertising which redistributes market share but does not affect market demand. Purely predatory advertising is commonly assumed in the industrial economics literature; but its existence is an empirical question. Since cigarette advertising is widely considered to epitomize purely predatory advertising, we analyze firm level panel data for the United States cigarette industry to study the question of existence using an econometric procedure which corrects for autocorrelation and contemporaneous correlation. Statistical tests support the hypothesis that cigarette advertising is purely predatory.
On the semantics of comparison across categories

This paper explores the hypothesis that all comparative sentences— nominal, verbal, and adjectival—contain instances of a single morpheme that compositionally introduces degrees. This morpheme, sometimes pronounced much, semantically contributes a structure-preserving map from entities, events, or states, to their measures along various dimensions. A major goal of the paper is to argue that the differences in dimensionality observed across domains are a consequence of what is measured, as opposed to which expression introduces the measurement. The resulting theory has a number of interesting properties. It characterizes the notion of ‘measurement’ uniformly across comparative constructions, in terms of non-trivial structure preservation. It unifies the distinctions between mass/count nouns and atelic/telic verb phrases with that between gradable and non-gradable adjectives. Finally, it affords a uniform characterization of semantically anomalous comparisons across categories.
Soft billiard systems

Abstract We study a variation of a Sinai-type billiard system, where a circular scatterer of radius R is centered on a 2-d torus and given a finite potential height U (measured in units of kinetic energy). For 1 >U >0, the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of a point particle travelling on the torus is numerically calculated as a function of U and R and empirically seen to be a universal function of U R 2 for U,R sufficiently small. For 0 >U >Uc (R) we prove the non-ergodicity of the system and discuss the resulting complicated structure of the phase space; Uc(R) is also explicitly given. The U → 0 and U → Uc transitions are also discussed.
Resonance-based signal decomposition: A new sparsity-enabled signal analysis method

Abstract Numerous signals arising from physiological and physical processes, in addition to being non-stationary, are moreover a mixture of sustained oscillations and non-oscillatory transients that are difficult to disentangle by linear methods. Examples of such signals include speech, biomedical, and geophysical signals. Therefore, this paper describes a new nonlinear signal analysis method based on signal resonance, rather than on frequency or scale, as provided by the Fourier and wavelet transforms. This method expresses a signal as the sum of a ‘high-resonance’ and a ‘low-resonance’ component—a high-resonance component being a signal consisting of multiple simultaneous sustained oscillations; a low-resonance component being a signal consisting of non-oscillatory transients of unspecified shape and duration. The resonance-based signal decomposition algorithm presented in this paper utilizes sparse signal representations, morphological component analysis, and constant-Q (wavelet) transforms with adjustable Q-factor.
Deterioration of FRP/concrete bond system under variable moisture conditions quantified by fracture mechanics

Abstract Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) retrofit systems for concrete structures have been widely used, and studies on their short-term debonding behavior have been extensively conducted. Nevertheless, long-term performance and durability issues regarding debonding behavior in such strengthening systems still remain largely uncertain and unanswered. Due to its composite nature, the effectiveness of the strengthening system largely depends on the properties of the interface between the three constituent materials, namely concrete, epoxy, and FRP. Many factors can cause degradation of the interface properties, especially environmental exposure during service life. In this study, effects of moisture on concrete/epoxy/FRP bond system is characterized by means of the tri-layer fracture toughness, which can be obtained experimentally from peel and shear fracture tests. An irreversible weakening in bond strength has been observed in fracture specimens under moisture cyclic condition. Based on the experimental results of fracture specimens under variable moisture conditions, an empirical model can be developed to predict service life of FRP-strengthening system.
Veterinary Medicine in the 21st Century: The Challenge of Biosecurity

The veterinary profession is presently challenged with developing and maintaining on-farm biosecurity protocols to protect the nation's food supply from acts of bioterrorism, from the growing threat of foreign animal diseases, and from multidrug resistance among pathogenic organisms. This challenge comes at a time when the supply of food animal veterinarians in the United States is progressively in decline, and raises the possibility that the profession is not adequately prepared to fulfill its responsibilities to the health and productivity of the US livestock and poultry populations. Causes of the decline in demand for veterinary services are discussed. They include consolidation of the food animal industries and a trend toward transferring performance of tasks traditionally carried out by veterinarians to the province of lay staff. This development potentially reduces veterinary surveillance of food animal populations. It also runs the risk of delay in recognizing and controlling serious health problems when they arise. Several remedies are proposed, including profound changes in the curriculum for educating food animal veterinarians to serve the consolidated but vulnerable livestock and poultry industries suitably. Also advocated is the initiation of training programs for herdsmen on the symptoms of foreign animal diseases, together with advice on when to call a veterinarian. Significant investment of federal or state resources will be required if these changes are to become reality.
The Effect of School Dropout on Verbal Ability in Adulthood: A Propensity Score Matching Approach

Compared to high school graduates, adolescents who drop out of school are more likely to have a range of negative outcomes, including lower verbal capacities; however, the true nature of this association is not well-understood. Dropping out of school could have an important effect on reducing verbal skills, or the link between dropping out of school and diminished verbal skills could be a spurious association that is the result of unmeasured confounding variables. The current study tested these two competing perspectives by using propensity-score-matching (PSM) to unpack the association between school dropout and verbal skills among 7,317 respondents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (51% female, 49% male; 62% Caucasian, 38% minority). The results of the PSM models indicated a small yet meaningful statistically significant effect of dropout on verbal skills in adulthood even after taking into account a range of confounders. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results.
In vitro basophil histamine release induced by mannitol in a patient with a mannitol-induced anaphylactoid reaction

Abstract Anaphylactoid reactions in man are associated with the infusion of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. The etiology of such reactions remains unknown, but clinically they have the signs and symptoms that mimic those associated with in vivo histamine release. We report that the leukocytes of a patient who suffered an anaphylactoid reaction associated with the infusion of mannitol repeatedly released histamine in vitro when the leukocytes were challenged with low concentrations of mannitol ( 0.1M) mannitol-induced release of basophil histamine. These studies suggest that patients experiencing anaphylactoid reactions may be identified by use of in vitro basophil histamine release.
A Novel Adsorption Cycle for CO2 Recovery: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of a Temperature Swing Compression Process

Abstract A novel adsorption cycle is examined experimentally and theoretically for recovering carbon dioxide from a 50 mol% mixture with carbon monoxide. Several adsorbents are considered, and zeolite NaY is chosen for the process due to its high capacity and selectivity for CO2 in the presence of CO. The process consists of three steps. The bed is fed the gas mixture at 273 K until CO2 breakthrough occurs. The bed then undergoes countercurrent blowdown of CO2 while heating at 391 K and is finally cooled to the initial feed temperature once the bed has been depleted of CO2. Results are presented from laboratory scale experiments and are described using numerical simulations. This novel cycle provides a method for capturing and producing CO2 without the need for a purge gas and has low energy requirements if waste heat is available.
Reproductive Cycle, Early Development, and Fecundity in Laboratory Populations of the Copepod Calanus Hyperboreus 1)

[Die Fortpflanzungszeit von Calanus hyperboreus ist auf die Monate Dezember bis Marz beschrankt. Nach der letzten Hautung wurden eine bis neun Wochen fur die Reifung der Gonaden benotigt. Im Anschlus an eine erfolgreiche Eiablage konnte ein weiteres Eigelege zur Reifung gebracht und innerhalb von vier Tagen abgelegt werden. Die Eier wurden paarweise, und zwar insgesamt 30 bis 35 pro Minute, abgelegt; sie waren leuchtend orange-rot, 170 bis 244 μ im Durchmesser und wogen trocken etwa 1,4 μg. Unmittelbar nach der Befruchtung losten sich offenbar eine oder zwei Membranen von der Eioberflache; allerdings blieben nur zwei Membranen nach dem Schlupfen des Nauplius zuruck. Die Entwicklung bis zum Schlupfen nahm bei einer Temperatur von 4° bis 6° C durchschnittlich 66 Stunden in Anspruch. Die Entwicklung der ersten neun Stadien bis zum Copepodid-Stadium 3 dauerte wenigstens 110 Tage. Bis zu 388 Eier konnten auf einmal abgelegt werden. Die durchschnittliche Gesamtproduktion eines gefutterten Weibchens betrug 1340 Eier, von denen sich 58% bis zum Schlupfen entwickelten. Hungernde Weibchen produzierten durchschnittlich mehr als 450 Eier. Wahrend der Hauptbrutzeit gab es uber einen Zeitraum von 11 Wochen keinen Unterschied in der Gesamteiproduktion zwischen gefutterten und hungernden Weibchen, jedoch entwickelten sich die Eier von gefutterten Tieren besser als die von hungernden., Die Fortpflanzungszeit von Calanus hyperboreus ist auf die Monate Dezember bis Marz beschrankt. Nach der letzten Hautung wurden eine bis neun Wochen fur die Reifung der Gonaden benotigt. Im Anschlus an eine erfolgreiche Eiablage konnte ein weiteres Eigelege zur Reifung gebracht und innerhalb von vier Tagen abgelegt werden. Die Eier wurden paarweise, und zwar insgesamt 30 bis 35 pro Minute, abgelegt; sie waren leuchtend orange-rot, 170 bis 244 μ im Durchmesser und wogen trocken etwa 1,4 μg. Unmittelbar nach der Befruchtung losten sich offenbar eine oder zwei Membranen von der Eioberflache; allerdings blieben nur zwei Membranen nach dem Schlupfen des Nauplius zuruck. Die Entwicklung bis zum Schlupfen nahm bei einer Temperatur von 4° bis 6° C durchschnittlich 66 Stunden in Anspruch. Die Entwicklung der ersten neun Stadien bis zum Copepodid-Stadium 3 dauerte wenigstens 110 Tage. Bis zu 388 Eier konnten auf einmal abgelegt werden. Die durchschnittliche Gesamtproduktion eines gefutterten Weibchens betrug 1340 Eier, von denen sich 58% bis zum Schlupfen entwickelten. Hungernde Weibchen produzierten durchschnittlich mehr als 450 Eier. Wahrend der Hauptbrutzeit gab es uber einen Zeitraum von 11 Wochen keinen Unterschied in der Gesamteiproduktion zwischen gefutterten und hungernden Weibchen, jedoch entwickelten sich die Eier von gefutterten Tieren besser als die von hungernden.]
A Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Formation of Anticyclonic Lenses (Meddies) by the Instability of an Intermediate Depth Boundary Current

The evolution of a buoyancy-driven intermediate water current along an idealized continental slope is investigated using a three-dimensional primitive equation ocean model. The outflow current, originating in a marginal sea, flows northward along a linear sloping bottom where it undergoes considerable mixing. For a parameter range resembling the Mediterranean outflow, the flow becomes hydrodynamically unstable. The intruding, relatively dense outflow water interacts with the overlaying slope water by inducing vortex compression and stretching. The phase relation between the upper-layer and lower-layer perturbations indicates that baroclinic instability is the driving mechanism in the initial destabilization. As the disturbances grow to large amplitude, dipoles are formed and move away from the boundary current in a westward direction. While the amplifying anticyclones wrap around the intruding low potential vorticity water, the cyclones usually entrain ambient water and decrease in strength. Isolated anticyclones finally separate from the boundary current and develop a southward translation component. In some cases dipolar structures remain intact and propagate to the west. In the slope water strong cyclones and somewhat weaker anticyclones are formed periodically and travel in the direction of the bottom flow. The upper-layer flow shows surface expressions of the middepth lenses that develop as meddies. These penetrate into the ambient slope water and gain a barotropic velocity component. The adjustment process is discussed in terms of potential vorticity conservation. The instability mechanism discussed here does not require any topographic irregularities. Sensitivity experiments, however, suggest that canyons or capes introduce an additional source of vorticity and may lead to the observed localization of spawning events.
Hominid and gelada baboon evolution: Agreement between molecular and fossil time scales

The time of origin of the hominid lineage has long been debated. Macromolecular studies have consistently shown genetic distances between living humans and African apes to be quite small. The molecular clock hypothesis proposes that the time of separation of these lineages is relatively recent (in the range of 4–8 million years ago) and not 15 million years or more ago as usually suggested. Three independent molecular comparisons yield a mean estimate of 4.6 million years for the hominid-African pongid divergence. The relationship of Theropithecusand Papiois a parallel case within Primates of two taxa which are quite similar at the molecular level, but which are usually thought to have separated relatively long ago. The two cases of seeming discordance between different lines of evidence are analogous. Each involves a speciation event which eventually resulted in one substantially derived lineage and one or more relatively unchanged lineages. In each case, claims of the antiquity of the divergence event extend to at least twice the age of the first certain appearance of the more derived lineage in the fossil record. Finally, in each case, the molecular clock model suggests a range of possible divergence times that overlaps with the first appearances of undoubted hominids and Theropithecusin the fossil record. This test involving paleontological evidence supports the molecular clock hypothesis.
Structural health monitoring of glass/epoxy composite plates with MEMS PMN-PT sensors

Sensors constructed with single-crystal PMN-PT, i.e. Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 or PMN, are developed in this paper for structural health monitoring of composite plates. To determine the potential of PMN-PT for this application, glass/epoxy composite specimens were created containing an embedded delamination-starter. Two different piezoelectric materials were bonded to the surface of each specimen: PMN-PT, the test material, was placed on one side of the specimen, while a traditional material, PZT-4, was placed on the other. A comparison of the ability of both materials to transmit and receive an ultrasonic pulse was conducted, with the received signal detected by both a second surface-bonded transducer constructed of the same material, as well as a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) analyzing the same location. The optimal frequency range of both sets of transducers is discussed and a comparison is presented of the experimental results to theory. The specimens will be fatigued until failure with further data collected every 3,000 cycles to characterize the ability of each material to detect the growing delamination in the composite structure. This additional information will be made available during the conference.
Up-regulation of striatal adenosine A2A receptors with iron deficiency in rats: Effects on locomotion and cortico-striatal neurotransmission

Brain iron deficiency leads to altered dopaminergic function in experimental animals, which can provide a mechanistic explanation for iron deficiency-related human sensory-motor disorders, such as Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). However, mechanisms linking both conditions have not been determined. Considering the strong modulation exerted by adenosine on dopamine signaling, one connection could involve changes in adenosine receptor expression or function. In the striatum, presynaptic A(2A) receptors are localized in glutamatergic terminals contacting GABAergic dynorphinergic neurons and their function can be analyzed by the ability of A(2A) receptor antagonists to block the motor output induced by cortical electrical stimulation. Postsynaptic A(2A) receptors are localized in the dendritic field of GABAergic enkephalinergic neurons and their function can be analyzed by studying the ability of A(2A) receptor antagonists to produce locomotor activity and to counteract striatal ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by cortical electrical stimulation. Increased density of striatal A(2A) receptors was found in rats fed during 3 weeks with an iron-deficient diet during the post-weaning period. In iron-deficient rats, the selective A(2A) receptor antagonist MSX-3, at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg, was more effective at blocking motor output induced by cortical electrical stimulation (presynaptic A(2A) receptor-mediated effect) and at enhancing locomotor activation and blocking striatal ERK phosphorylation induced by cortical electrical stimulation (postsynaptic A(2A) receptor-mediated effects). These results indicate that brain iron deficiency induces a functional up-regulation of both striatal pre- and postsynaptic A(2A) receptor, which could be involved in sensory-motor disorders associated with iron deficiency such as RLS.
The effect of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on the concentration of B-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate in the rat

Abstract 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes a variety of effects in animals including changes in body weight and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TCDD exposure on the concentration of ketone bodies in the rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single i.p. injection of TCDD (25 or 100 μg/kg), both doses being below the LD50, or an equal volume of vehicle only. Animals were sacrificed following a 24-hour fast at 3, 7 and 10 days posttreatment. Whole blood levels of B-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetoacetate (AcAc) were measured and data analyzed using a paired T-test. There were no differences in BHB or AcAc levels at all time points in rats receiving 25 μg/kg TCDD versus pair-fed (PFC) or ad libitum fed (ALC) controls. BHB levels were decreased in rats dosed with 100 μg/kg as compared to PFC at 3 and 10 days and at 7 and 10 days versus ALC. The concentration of AcAc was also decreased at 3 and 10 days relative to PFC and at all time points with respect to ALC. Changes in the concentration of ketone bodies versus ALC may reflect a difference in adipose stores; however, decreases as compared to PFC suggest a fundamental alteration in the processing of fatty acids after TCDD treatment.
Dissociation of the fibrous protein of nerve.

Abstract The dissociation of axon filaments, the major fibrous protein of nerve axoplasm, has been studied by two independent methods, ultracentrifugation and viscosimetry, and light scattering. Both methods agree in demonstrating a marked decrease in molecular weight of filaments when the pH is raised from 6.0 to 7.7. During this process the length of the filaments decreases only slightly, while the diameter decreases markedly. It is not possible at present to distinguish a lateral splitting of filaments into nearly equal parts from a splitting off of much smaller material from the filaments. This dissociation of filaments is reversible and occurs in the region of physiological pH of axoplasm which was found to be 6.4. Axon filaments are shown by electrophoresis to be very highly charged compared to other macromolecullar components of axoplasm.
Nature of slip during knoop indentation on “100” surface of NiAl

Abstract The Knoop hardness variation with crystallographic orientation on a “100” face of an NiAl single crystal was evaluated. The absence of four-fold symmetry in hardness was attributed to a slight crystallographic misorientation of the specimens relative to the loading axis. Analysis of the slip traces indicate that a〈100〉 dislocations slip on “301” planes and cross slip between “301” and “101” planes. This mode of slip is expected to occur at elevated temperatures and/or under triaxial stress state.
Effects of continuous and intermittent estrogen treatments on memory in aging female mice

The manner in which hormone therapy is given to postmenopausal women may significantly influence its ability to reduce age-associated memory loss. To test the hypothesis that a regimen that approximates the timing of estrogen surges in the natural cycle is more beneficial for memory than a regimen that provides continuous levels of estrogen, we examined the effects of continuous and intermittent estrogen regimens on spatial and object memory in aging female mice. Mice (18 months) were treated with 0.2 mg/kg 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) or vehicle (VEH) for 3 months following ovariectomy. A fast-acting water-soluble cyclodextrin-encapsulated E(2) was used to ensure metabolism within 24 h. Vehicle-treated mice received daily injections of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin vehicle. The continuous estradiol group (Contin E(2)) was injected daily with estradiol. The intermittent group (Twice/wk E(2)) received estradiol every 4 days and vehicle on all other days. Mice (21 months) were tested in water-escape motivated 8-arm radial arm maze (WRAM) and object recognition tasks. During WRAM acquisition, the Twice/wk E(2) group committed significantly more reference memory errors than VEH and Contin E(2) groups, and tended to make more working memory errors than the VEH group. The Contin E(2) group did not differ from VEH on either WRAM measure. Additionally, the Twice/wk E(2) group tended to exhibit impaired object recognition. Thus, neither treatment improved spatial or object memory. Indeed, intermittent estradiol was detrimental to both types of memory. These results suggest that the timing of administration may play an important role in the mnemonic response of aging females to estrogen.
A generalized theory of stark broadening of hydrogen-like spectral lines in dense plasmas

Abstract An improved semiclassical theory of Stark broadening of spectral lines emitted by hydrogen-like ions is developed in spirit of our previous papers. Compared to the standard theories, the improvement is achieved by taking into account on equal footing a “dynamic” splitting of Stark sublevels caused by one of the components of the electron microfield and a quasistatic splitting of Stark sublevels caused by ion microfield (only the latter was allowed for in the standard theories). The presented generalized theory is developed analytically to the same level as the standard theories and embraces the latter as one of its limiting cases corresponding to relatively low densities of a plasma. However, for dense plasmas the predictions differ: e.g., for lines with intense central Stark components (such as Lα, Lγ, Hα, etc.) the standard theories noticeably underestimate Stark broadening for high density plasmas. For conditions of the experiment by Grutzmacher and Johannsen previous calculations ended up with halfwidths of the Hα line of Hell that were drastically smaller (by factor of two) than the observed halfwidth of this line. Calculations by our generalized theory result in a better agreement with the experiments.
Alcohol self-administration in monkeys (Macaca radiata): The effects of prior alcohol exposure

Abstract Responding by 4 monkeys was maintained under a fixed ratio 10 (FR 10) schedule for either food, intravenous sucrose or alcohol. The 20 hr sessions were divided so that food was available during hours 1, 6, 11, 16 and alcohol or sucrose during hours 2–5, 7–10, 12–15, and 17–20. All animals failed to maintain responding for isocaloric sucrose but continued to respond for food during those sessions. Responding under alcohol conditions was positively accelerated in 2 animals that were not previously exposed to alcohol, whereas prior exposure to alcohol produced maximal response rates during the first alcohol test session. The effects of alcohol in all monkeys were to suppress responding maintained by food and this suppression could not be produced with programmed infusions of isocaloric sucrose.