cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The truth of shame-consciousness in Freud and phenomenology

This paper addresses the philosophical problems posed by shame-consciousness, specifically with respect to the question as to whether the feelings of shame signify an apprehension of truth. After reviewing several methodological problems posed by shame-consciousness, the paper takes up the theoretical treatment of shame in Freud, Scheler, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty, in order to show how shame illuminates the constitution of subjectivity by power relations in society. This psychoanalytic and phenomenological account of shame is shown to be confirmed by material drawn from cultural studies of shame, and by contemporary feminist critique.
A Conjugate Model for Hepatic Cancer Cryosurgery Using a Liquid-Nitrogen Cryorobe

Cryosurgery is a surgical technique using low temperature cryogen to achieve selective tissue destruction by freezing. During cryosurgery, the cryoprobe, which is usually cooled by inner circulation of liquid nitrogen (LN2 ), is inserted into the targeted tumor tissue. The tissue surrounding the cryoprobe is then cooled down to sub-zero temperature and subsequently frozen. Extensive studies have been conducted to understand the mechanism of tissue injury, and various numerical models have been developed to predict the thermal history of the targeted tissues during cryosurgery. Most of the existing models, however, focused on the tissue freezing and applied simplified thermal boundary conditions at the interface between cryoprobe and surrounding tissue, e.g. a constant temperature or a constant heat flux. This paper presents a conjugate model for cryosurgery. The new model treats with both tissue freezing outside of the cryoprobe and turbulent convective heat transfer of LN2 inside the cryoprobe. The thermal condition along the cryoprobe surface is then part of the solution, instead of a presumption. The turbulent convection of single phase LN2 inside the cryoprobe is described by a Realizable κ-e model, while the Pennes equation is used to address the heat transfer within the hepatic tissue. An apparent heat capacity method is used to deal with tissue freezing. As an example, the model is used to simulate the hepatic cryosurgery with a single cryoprobe. The model predicts a dynamic, non-unform surface temperature along the cryoprobe surface, which shows a large effect on the ice ball formation outside the cryoprobe. Results are also presented to illustrate the effect of the flow condition and the cryoprobe design on the interface thermal condition in cryosurgery.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Thin-layer solubilization chromatography II. Ketones

Abstract A series of eight high-molecular weight ketones is separated by development on thin layers of starch-bound anion-exchange resin with wash liquids composed of aqueous methanol or acetone. The results are compared to those on ion-exchange papers, and the effects of a number of variables on the results are studied.
Modeling reflectance and transmittance of quartz-fiber filter samples containing elemental carbon particles: Implications for thermal/optical analysis

Abstract A radiative transfer scheme that considers absorption, scattering, and distribution of light-absorbing elemental carbon (EC) particles collected on a quartz-fiber filter was developed to explain simultaneous filter reflectance and transmittance observations prior to and during thermal/optical analysis for carbonaceous aerosol. The model is applied to study ambient filter samples from the United States and Hong Kong, China, and how they differ from each other and from reference carbon black samples. Most particles in ambient samples deposit into the top half of the filter, resuspended carbon black particles are only found close to the filter surface. Pyrolized/charred organic carbon (POC) generated during thermal analysis reduces filter reflectance and transmittance in a fashion that suggests a uniform distribution of POC throughout the filter. When heated in oxygen, most EC evolves earlier than the within-filter charring for certain ambient samples. This shows the different natures of EC, and also results in an inexact optical correction to separate organic and elemental carbon by thermal analysis, especially when the POC/EC ratio is large. Particle absorption in the filter is estimated for comparisons with the EC/POC measurements, suggesting a mass absorption efficiency of ∼2.7±0.2 m 2 ( gC ) −1 for reference carbon black and >15 m 2 ( gC ) −1 for ambient EC, similar to previous estimates in the literature.
The search problem posed by large heterogeneous data sets in litigation: possible future approaches to research

Lawyers and their large institutional clients increasingly face the enormous problem of how to efficiently and efficaciously conduct searches for relevant documents in large heterogeneous electronic data sets, for the purpose of responding to litigation demands. Past research indicates that lawyers greatly overestimate their true rate of recall in civil discovery. The unprecedented size, scale, and complexity of electronically stored data now potentially subject to routine capture in litigation, for purpose of preservation, access, and review, presents information retrieval researchers with a series of important challenges to overcome. This paper describes the current context of e-discovery and discusses the potential for IR and AI research to address the challenges of conducting e-discovery. The TREC Legal Track is presented as a forum for the evaluation of e-discovery research and one new evaluation measure, elusion, is described, which has potential for addressing problems of measuring recall.
Effects of processing and prolonged high temperature exposure on the microstructure of Nb-1Zr-C sheet

High temperature stability of the microstructure of Nb-1Zr sheet containing 0.1 and 0.06 wt. percent C was studied as affected by processing and prolonged 1350 K exposure with and without applied stress. Sheets were fabricated by cold rolling bars that were single-, double-, or triple-extruded at 1900 K. Creep samples were double-annealed (1 h at 1755 K + 2 h at 1475 K) prior to testing at 1350 K and 10,000 - 34,500 h. The microstructures of the as-cast, extruded, rolled, DA, and crept samples were characterized using various metallographic and analytical methods. The precipitates were rather coarse Nb2C initially, but transformed to finer (less than or equal to 1 micron) carbides of (Zr, Nb)C with each subsequent high temperature process. The grain size, and the relative amount and morphology of (Zr, Nb)C were found to be affected by the number of extrusions and to some extent by C-content. However, the microstructures of all the crept samples were similar with (Zr, Nb)C distributed throughout the matrix indicating that prolonged exposure to 1350 K gave rise to complete transformation of Nb2C to (Zr, Nb)C regardless of the processing history. These and other observations are presented with the emphasis on the correlation between processing, microstructure, and creep properties.
Simultaneous Kinetic Characterization of Multiple Protein Forms by Top Down Mass Spectrometry

Top down mass spectrometry, using a Fourier transform instrument, has unique capabilities for biomolecule kinetic studies, in that the concentration of large molecules in a reaction mixture can be monitored simultaneously from its mass spectrum produced by electrospray ionization. This is demonstrated with enzyme modifications occurring in the biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamin phosphate. The formation rate of ThiS-thiocarboxylate from ThiS was determined from the relative abundance of the corresponding m/z 10162 and 10146 isotopic peak clusters for all the observable charge states in the mass spectra measured at different reaction times. Even without measuring standard ionization efficiencies, the rate and precision of 0.018 +/- 0.004 min(-1) agree well with the 0.027 +/- 0.003 min(-1) obtained with a radiochemical assay, which requires a separate derivatization step. To illustrate the simultaneous characterization of the reaction kinetics of a native enzyme and its mutant, the imine formation rate of ThiG and its substrate DXP was compared between the native protein (M(r) = 26803.9) and its E98A (M(r) = 26745.9) or D182A (M(r) = 26759.9) mutant in the same reaction mixture. The kinetic data show clearly that neither the E98 nor the D182 residues participate in the imine formation. The high resolution and MS/MS capabilities of FTMS should make possible the extension of this kinetics approach to far more complicated systems, such as simultaneous monitoring of 24 native, intermediate, and reduced forms in the reductive unfolding of a mixture of ribonuclease A and the five isoforms of ribonuclease B. Stable intermediates with different SS bonding (same molecular weight) can be differentiated by MS/MS, while molecular ions differing by only 2 Da are distinguished clearly by synthesizing isotopically depleted proteins.
Mechanical Characterization of Sn-Ag-Cu Solder With Gold Addition Under Tensile Loading

Lead (Pb)-free implementation for electronic assembly has created a stir in electronic packaging industry during the last five years since Europe and eastern Asian countries decided to restrict the use of lead in electronic packages. Lead (Pb) content in solders is mandated to be less than 0.2 wt % (USA) and 0.1 wt % (EU). Sn-Ag-Cu (Tin, Silver, and Copper) solder is selected as one of the options to replace tin-lead solders. This solder is a preferred option as it comes closest to tin-lead solder in terms of parameters such as melting temperature (∼217°C), wettability, cost, availability, and reliability. Various agencies like NEMI, JEIDA and IDEALS recommend Tin-rich Lead (Pb) free solders as the possible alternatives to Pb-Sn solder [1]. Addition of elements like Au, Co, Fe, Ni, etc in small quantities can affect the properties of Sn-Ag-Cu solder. It has been reported that the addition of Au in small quantities improves the properties of lead-free solder. Au has very high reactivity with Sn and also improves the wettability of solder. Au forms a β-phase with Sn at the interface. This phase is considered beneficial in terms of improving fatigue life and fracture toughness as this β phase acts as a crack arrester thereby improving its strength Addition of Au also reduces the liquidus temperature to 204 °C. In this paper we tested and compared the strength of pure Sn-Ag-Cu solder and Sn-Ag-Cu solder with Au addition and it was concluded that the strength of material increases from 50 MPa to 70 MPa under tensile loading.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Information on radiation treatment in patients with breast cancer: The advantages of the linked Medicare and SEER data

Several studies have found underutilization of radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer; but there are concerns about the completeness of various databases on radiotherapy. We used the linked Medicare-SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) database to compare information on receipt of radiotherapy after diagnosis of breast cancer. More than 18% of women identified by Medicare data as receiving radiotherapy were not so identified by SEER, and 7% of those identified as receiving radiotherapy by SEER were not identified by Medicare. Risk of discordance on radiotherapy information between the two data sets was especially high in women receiving breast-conserving surgery. The combined SEER-Medicare database gives a more complete picture on the use of radiotherapy. The previously reported geographic variations in the use of radiotherapy for breast cancer may be due in part to underreporting of radiotherapy in some areas.
Impact of 3.5 cm artificial urinary sphincter cuff on primary and revision surgery for male stress urinary incontinence

Purpose: We report our initial clinical experience with the new 3.5 cm artificial urinary sphincter cuff.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of all men who underwent artificial urinary sphincter placement done by a single surgeon since September 2009. A perineal approach was used to ensure cuff placement around the most proximal corpus spongiosum after precise spongiosal measurement with a redesigned measuring tape. Clinical factors and cuff sizes were analyzed.Results: During the 14-month study period 45 of 67 patients (67%) with an artificial urinary sphincter received the 3.5 cm cuff with no difference between primary and revision surgery (73% vs 58%, p = 0.29). Transcorporal cuff placement was reserved for 8 select patients (12%) after prior artificial urinary sphincter cuff erosion or complex urethroplasty. A tandem cuff artificial urinary sphincter was not used. Erectile dysfunction (89% vs 77%, p = 0.28) and prior radiation (47% vs 27%, p = 0.12) were more common in men who received a 3....
FinFET-Based Power Management for Improved DPA Resistance with Low Overhead

Differential power analysis (DPA) is a side-channel attack that statistically analyzes the power consumption of a cryptographic system to obtain secret information. This type of attack is well known as a major threat to information security. Effective solutions with low energy and area cost for improved DPA resistance are urgently needed, especially for energy-constrained modern devices that are often in the physical proximity of attackers. This article presents a novel countermeasure against DPA attacks on smart cards and other digital ICs based on FinFETs, an emerging substitute for bulk CMOS at the 22nm technology node and beyond. We exploit the adaptive power management characteristic of FinFETs to generate a high level of noise at critical moments in the execution of a cryptosystem to thwart DPA attacks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed countermeasure by developing a simple power model for estimating DPA spikes. We then validate the model by carrying out DPA attacks on an ASIC implementation of the advanced encryption standard system via gate-level simulation. Both modeling and simulation-based experiment indicate that with the proposed countermeasure, even 8,000,000 power acquisitions are not sufficient to reveal the secret key. As opposed to other countermeasures presented in the literature, the proposed hardware design requires less than 1p increase in area and 15p increase in total energy consumption without any extra delay in the critical path. The proposed method is generic and can be applied to other encryption algorithms as well.
Achieving Ubiquity: The New Third Wave

In this article, Chris Harrison, Jason Wiese, and Anind K. Dey discuss the predictions of Mark Weiser, the father of ubiquitous computing, who envisioned that we would have smart personal environments, with numerous computational devices embedded within each environment. The authors point out that, rather than this happening, what we have currently are personalized computational devices, for example, smart phones, tied to users rather than embedded in the environment. The interesting development of this observation is the crux of their article. Even though multimedia, per se, is not specifically addressed in the article, what the authors have to say is certainly relevant to our community, as smart computational devices and sensors of various sorts are certainly siblings under the skin.-William I. Grosky
Do Teams Who Agree to Disagree Make Better Decisions

The article analyzes the dynamics and effectiveness of business groups. Particular attention is paid to business teams who agree to disagree, as well as if that kind of attitude allows for better decision-making processes. Article topics include the failed potential of teams due to differences in team dynamics and personal agendas, the importance of debating issues and taking the time to engage in thoughtful discussions, as well as the concept of hidden profiles. The author defines hidden profiles as situations in which team members all possess some similar information about a problem that needs to be solved while also possessing unique problem-relevant information unknown by the rest of the group.
The Need for a “Shadow” University

The modern university has become a subsystem within the technological system. As such, the university has lost its autonomy. Every aspect of the university— administration, pedagogy, research—has b...
Conversion of solid dispersion prepared by acid-base interaction into free-flowing and tabletable powder by using Neusilin® US2.

Abstract A novel method of greatly increasing solubility and dissolution rate of a model basic drug, haloperidol, by interacting it with water-soluble weak organic acids in aqueous media was previously reported in the literature. Amorphous solid dispersion (SD) was formed when solutions containing haloperidol and various acids were dried. However, the SDs were semisolid, viscous and sticky, especially when the drug load was high, and could not be processed into tablets. The drug release from SD was also incomplete since the viscous material did not readily mix with aqueous media. In the present study, a mesoporous metalosilicate, Neusilin® US2, was incorporated in SDs prepared by using malic, tartaric and citric acids. The silicate constituted 40% w/w of the total solid mass. The addition of silicate converted SDs into powders, which were then characterized for flow properties, bulk and tap density, and tabletability. Their physical properties were found to be acceptable for the development of tablets. DSC and powder XRD showed that haloperidol and acids converted completely to amorphous forms, and they did not show any sign of crystallization during accelerated stability study at 40 °C/75% RH and 25 °C/60% RH for 9 months. Complete drug release under gastrointestinal pH conditions could be obtained from tablets prepared.
Cadmium and renal cancer.

Abstract Background: Rates of renal cancer have increased steadily during the past two decades, and these increases are not explicable solely by advances in imaging modalities. Cadmium, a widespread environmental pollutant, is a carcinogen that accumulates in the kidney cortex and is a cause of end-stage renal disease. Several observations suggest that cadmium may be a cause of renal cancer. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature on cadmium and renal cancer using MEDLINE for the years 1966–2003. We reviewed seven epidemiological and eleven clinical studies. Results: Despite different methodologies, three large epidemiologic studies indicate that occupational exposure to cadmium is associated with increased risk renal cancer, with odds ratios varying from 1.2 to 5.0. Six of seven studies that compared the cadmium content of kidneys from patients with kidney cancer to that of patients without kidney cancer found lower concentrations of cadmium in renal cancer tissues. Conclusions: Exposure to cadmium appears to be associated with renal cancer, although this conclusion is tempered by the inability of studies to assess cumulative cadmium exposure from all sources including smoking and diet. The paradoxical findings of lower cadmium content in kidney tissues from patients with renal cancer may be caused by dilution of cadmium in rapidly dividing cells. This and other methodological problems limit the interpretation of studies of cadmium in clinical samples. Whether cadmium is a cause of renal cancer may be answered more definitively by future studies that employ biomarkers of cadmium exposure, such as cadmium levels in blood and urine.
Notes on Natural Law and Covenant

This essay is an intervention into the recent discussion among Protestant moral theologians about the natural law. It takes up two tasks. First, it draws out some of the connections that obtain between the natural law and the divine work of creation and providence as they bear on human agency. Then, second, it shows how this connection between natural law and divine work can be usefully described in terms of covenant. What emerges in bare outline is the covenantal logic of gift and law, good and right, love and justice, relationship and requirement.
Spectral mapping of Alaskan ophiolites using landsat thematic mapper data

Ophiolites are sections of oceanic lithosphere that have been exposed by thrusting in mountain belts. Thematic Mapper three-band color composites have been used to differentiate the main rock types of the ophiolites of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, and to map mineralogic variations produced by processes that affect oceanic lithosphere, such as mantle partial melting, hydration of ultramafic rock, formation of cumulate layers, and hydrothermal alteration and metamorphism of basalt. Scaled composites of TM Bands 7, 3, 1 and 5, 4, 2, and 3, 2, 1, displayed in red, green, and blue are most useful for visually differentiating rocks of the ophiolites. Ternary diagrams of digital number values are used to evaluate color variations observed in the three-band composites. Geologic maps, interpreted from TM images and reconnaissance field studies, are presented for the Asik Mountain, Maiyumerak Mountains, Avan Hills, and Misheguk Mountain ophiolites. The mapping results are being used to guide additional studies of the tectonics of the Brooks Range ophiolites.
Comparison of eight isolates of beet yellows virus by filter hybridisation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

SUMMARY An improved method of virus purification was developed for beet yellows virus (BYV), which resulted in higher virus yields and fewer broken particles than from other methods. Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was not able to differentiate eight isolates of BYV, but filter hybridisation analyses, using cloned cDNA from one of the isolates as the probe was successful in distinguishing some of these isolates. The degree of hybridisation did not correlate with the severity of the symptoms associated with infection by isolates. Therefore, hybridisation cannot be used as a means of predicting symptom severity. The hybridisation data also indicated that the isolates consisted of stable mixtures of strains. Cross-hybridisation of clones derived from one isolate indicated that certain areas of the BYV genome cloned preferentially to other areas.
Those ubiquitous fertility trends: United States, 1945–1979

Abstract The analyses shown here indicate that the pervasiveness of fertility trends found earlier for the 1950's and 1960's has continued for the 1970's. The national period fertility trends have occurred within every racial, social, and economic subgroup examined. As before, there is no evidence of a narrowing of fertility differentials within successive cross‐sections. Variables, such as race or education, continue to exert effects on cross‐sectional fertility differences. Standard socioeconomic variables operate to shift the entire trend line up or down, but do not explain the trend line. The question remains of what causes changes in period fertility rates in developed societies.
Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Adults With Diagnosed Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To examine the cost-effectiveness of a hepatitis B vaccination program for unvaccinated adults with diagnosed diabetes in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used a cost-effectiveness simulation model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating adults 20–59 years of age with diagnosed diabetes not previously vaccinated for or infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV). The model estimated acute and chronic HBV infections, complications, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Data sources included surveillance data, epidemiological studies, and vaccine prices. RESULTS With a 10% uptake rate, the intervention will vaccinate 528,047 people and prevent 4,271 acute and 256 chronic hepatitis B infections. Net health care costs will increase by $91.4 million, and 1,218 QALYs will be gained, producing a cost-effectiveness ratio of $75,094 per QALY gained. Results are most sensitive to age, the discount rate, the hepatitis B incidence ratio for people with diabetes, and hepatitis B infection rates. Cost-effectiveness ratios rise with age at vaccination; an alternative intervention that vaccinates adults with diabetes 60 years of age or older had a cost-effectiveness ratio of $2.7 million per QALY. CONCLUSIONS Hepatitis B vaccination for adults with diabetes 20–59 years of age is modestly cost-effective. Vaccinating older adults with diabetes is not cost-effective. The study did not consider hepatitis outbreak investigation costs, and limited information exists on hepatitis progression among older adults with diabetes. Partly based on these results, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently recommended hepatitis B vaccination for people 20–59 years of age with diagnosed diabetes.
The Roles of Age, Gender, Inhibitory Control, and Parental Supervision in Children's Pedestrian Safety

OBJECTIVE: Thousands of American children are injured or killed each year as pedestrians, but behavioral factors in pedestrian injury etiology remain poorly understood. We examined the roles of children's individual differences (age, gender, and inhibitory control) and parental supervision in children's pedestrian behaviors. METHODS: Using the pretend road method, a sample of 85 children and 26 adults crossed a pretend crosswalk set adjacent to a real road. Safety of crossing the pretend road was determined based on actual traffic on the real road. Adults also crossed the real road. RESULTS: Adults' behavior on the real road paralleled that on the pretend road, supporting validity of the method. On the pretend road, younger children, boys, and children with less behavioral control engaged in riskier pedestrian behaviors. Children with less behavioral control responded more noticeably to increases in parental supervision. CONCLUSION: Results are discussed in relation to children's development and injury prevention. Language: en
Radiobiology and gray science: flaws in landmark new radiation protections.

The International Commission on Radiological Protection — whose regularly updated recommendations are routinely adopted as law throughout the globe — recently issued the first-ever ICRP protections for the environment. These draft 2005 proposals are significant both because they offer the commission’s first radiation protections for any non-human parts of the planet and because they will influence both the quality of radiation risk assessment and environmental protection, as well as the global costs of nuclear-weapons cleanup, reactor decommissioning and radioactive waste management. This piece argues that the 2005 recommendations are scientifically and ethically flawed, or gray, in at least three respects: first, in largely ignoring scientific journals while employing mainly “gray literature;” second, in relying on non-transparent dose estimates and models, rather than on actual radiation measurements; and third, in ignoring classical ethical constraints on acceptable radiation risk.
Increased serum lipids are associated with higher CD4 lymphocyte count in HIV-infected women

Objective Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been associated with dyslipidaemia; however, the roles of immune status and non-HIV-disease risk factors remain unclear. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of fasting lipids was carried out for 231 women, of whom 132 were HIV-infected and 99 were uninfected. The concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B (apo B) were measured. CD4 lymphocyte count, hepatitis C status, demographics, diet, and anthropometrics were also assessed. Results A total of 132 women were HIV-infected [30 were antiretroviral-naive, 68 were on protease inhibitors (PIs), and 34 were on non-PI HAART]. HIV infection was associated with higher triglycerides, lower HDL-C, and, among obese women, higher total cholesterol and LDL-C. Non-PI and PI HAART were each independently associated with higher total cholesterol, LDL-C, and apo B, compared with being ART-naive. Among HIV-infected women, after adjustment for HAART use, women with a CD4 lymphocyte count≥500 cells/μL had total cholesterol 41.8 mg/dL (P=0.002) and LDL-C 28.8 mg/dL (P=0.01) higher, on average, than women with a CD4 count <200 cells/μL. Women with a CD4 count of 200–499 cells/μL had total cholesterol 26.31 mg/dL higher, on average, than those with a CD4 count <200 cells/μL (P=0.04), although differences in LDL-C did not reach significance (15.51 mg/dL; P=0.12). A higher CD4 count was also associated with higher apo B (P<0.001). Active hepatitis C infection was associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, and apo B. Conclusions Higher CD4 lymphocyte counts were associated with higher lipid levels, suggesting that immune competence may independently affect the dyslipidaemia seen in the HAART era. In addition, it is important that hepatitis C status be assessed in studies of dyslipidaemia in the HIV-infected population.
Design and experiments of robot fish propelled by pectoral fins

This paper described our work in probing into fish robot with pectoral fin propulsion. The aim of this project is to develop a robot fish mimicking cownose ray that swims with flexible pectoral fins in oscillation motion. According to the analysis of cownose ray'motion, a novel robot fish prototype propelled by pectoral fins was designed, The effect of flapping parameters (frequency and amplitude) and flexibility of fins on the propulsive performance was studied through a series of experiments underwater. Experiments showed that the velocity was almost in linear relationship with flapping frequency and amplitude below 2.0Hz, and the propulsive efficiency without chord-wise or span-wise ribs is higher than that with ribs. The conclusion is deduced that if the flexibility was selected properly, the pectoral fins with flapping mode would be an efficient propulsion mode for underwater vehicles.
Extension of replica analysis to MAP estimation with applications to compressed sensing

The replica method is a non-rigorous but widely-accepted technique from statistical physics used in the asymptotic analysis of large, random, nonlinear problems. This paper applies the replica method to analyze non-Gaussian maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. The main result is a counterpart to Guo and Verdu's replica analysis of minimum mean-squared error estimation. The replica MAP analysis can be readily applied to many estimators used in compressed sensing, including basis pursuit, lasso, linear estimation with thresholding, and zero norm-regularized estimation. Among other benefits, the replica method provides a computationally-tractable method for exactly computing various performance metrics including mean-squared error and sparsity pattern recovery probability.
An Overview of Static Pipelining

A new generation of mobile applications requires reduced energy consumption without sacrificing execution performance. In this paper, we propose to respond to these conflicting demands with an innovative statically pipelined processor supported by an optimizing compiler. The central idea of the approach is that the control during each cycle for each portion of the processor is explicitly represented in each instruction. Thus the pipelining is in effect statically determined by the compiler. The benefits of this approach include simpler hardware and that it allows the compiler to perform optimizations that are not possible on traditional architectures. The initial results indicate that static pipelining can significantly reduce power consumption without adversely affecting performance.
Regional mechanical properties of the long head of the biceps tendon.

Abstract Background Long head of the biceps tenodesis reliably relieves pain, and restores strength, stability, and normal appearance of the upper extremity in the event of biceps tendinopathies. Regional differences in tendon mechanics may provide surgeons with valuable guidance in the placement of the tenodesis repair construct. The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of the long head of the biceps tendon in three functional regions of the tendon: intra-articular (proximal), suprapectoral (middle), and subpectoral (distal). Methods Uniaxial tensile tests were performed on the long head of the biceps tendon segments to quantify the material and structural properties of the tendon. Material properties were obtained using dogbone-shaped specimens while structural properties were obtained using intact specimens where the clamp boundary conditions simulated the common “gold standard” tenodesis, the interference screw. Findings Elastic modulus for the supra- and subpectoral regions were significantly greater than the intra-articular region ( P ≤ 0.048). The tensile strength of the subpectoral region tended to be lower compared to all other functional regions ( P = 0.051). The failure mechanism for intact specimens was similar to that seen for interference screw fixation where tissue failure occurs due to tearing at the bone/tendon/screw interface. Interpretation The higher tensile strength of the suprapectoral region compared to the subpectoral region may make this a more desirable location for tenodesis placement based on tissue strength. Similar elastic moduli and structural stiffness between the supra- and subpectoral regions indicate that the construct type may play a bigger role in functional outcomes in relation to construct deformation.
LORM: Supporting low-overhead P2P-based range-query and multi-attribute resource management in grids

Resource management is critical to the usability and accessibility of grid computing systems. Conventional approaches to grid resource discovery are either centralized or hierarchical, and these prove to be inefficient as the size of the grid system increases. The peer-to-peer (P2P) paradigm has been applied to grid systems as a mechanism for providing scalable range- query and multi-attribute resource management. However, most current P2P-based resource management approaches support multi-attribute range queries at a high cost. They either depend on multiple P2P networks with each P2P network responsible for a single attribute, or they keep the resource information of all attributes in a single node. This paper presents a low-overhead range-query multi-attribute P2P-based resource management approach, LORM. Unlike other P2P-based approaches, it relies on a single P2P network and allocates resource information to different nodes based on resource attributes and values. Moreover, it has high capability to handle the large-scale and dynamic characteristics of resources in grids. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of LORM in comparison with other resource management approaches in terms of resource management overhead and resource discovery efficiency.
Thermal Variability in a Tidal River

In this paper, we discuss observations of temperature variability in the tidal portion of the San Joaquin River in California. The San Joaquin River makes up the southern portion of the Sacramento San Joaquin Delta, the eastern end of San Francisco Bay. Observations made in August 2004 and August 2005 show significant diurnal variations in temperature in response to surface heat exchange. However, to account for observed changes in heat content a sizeable downstream heat flux (approximately 100 W m−2) must be added to the surface heat flux. To account for this flux via Fickian dispersion, a flow-dependent dispersion coefficient varying from 500 to 4,000 m2 s−1 is needed. These values are much larger than would be predicted for a river of this size, suggesting that the complex topology of the Delta greatly enhances longitudinal dispersion. Building on these observations, we present a simple theory that explores how the subtidal temperature field varies in response to changes in flow rate, dispersion, and heat exchange.
High-performance composites from polyimide matrix resins that utilize a cross linking reaction of biphenylene end-caps with acetylene units in the main chain

Graphite-reinforced composites were prepared with oligomeric polyimides having biphenylene end-caps and acetylene linkages in the polymer chain. The oligomers were crosslinked by the reaction of the biphenylenes with the diphenyl acetylenes to form 9,10-diphenylphenanthrene units. The resulting composites had good mechanical properties. Thermal oxidative aging studies show that the unidirectional graphite fiber composites maintained good mechanical properties up to 1200 h at 316°C.
A Review of Culture & Clinical Care

Book reviewed in this article: Juliene G. Lipson and Suzanne L. Dibble, Eds. (2005). Culture & Clinical Care (2nd ed.).
Experimental study of core bypass flow in a prismatic VHTR based on a two-layer block model

Abstract Bypass flow in a prismatic very high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor (VHTR) plays an important role in determining the coolant distribution in the core region. Efficient removal of heat from the core relies on the majority of coolant passing through the coolant channels instead of the bypass gaps. Consequently, the bypass flow fraction and its flow characteristic are important in the design process of the prismatic VHTR. The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the flow behavior including the turbulence characteristics inside the bypass gaps using laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), bypass fraction and pressure drops in the system. The experiment facility constructed at Texas A&M University is a scaled model consisting of two layers of fuel blocks. The distributions of the mean streamwise velocity, turbulence intensity and turbulence kinetic energy within the bypass gap at two different elevations under different Reynolds number were investigated. Uncertainties in the bypass flow fraction estimation were evaluated. The velocity and turbulence study in this work is considered to be unique, and may serve as a benchmark for the related numerical calculations.
A Randomized Control Trial Examining the Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Training on Clinician Willingness to Use Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy

This study evaluated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment training (ACT) for increasing drug and alcohol counselors’ willingness to use evidence-based agonist and antagonist pharmacotherapy. Fifty-nine drug and alcohol counselors were randomly assigned to either a 1-day ACT workshop or a 1-day educational control workshop. Both groups then attended a 2-day workshop on empirically supported treatments for substance abuse. Measures were taken at pre- and posttraining and 3-month follow-up on reported use of pharmacotherapy, willingness to use pharmacotherapy, perceived barriers to implementing new treatments, and general acceptance. As compared with those in the education alone condition, participants in the ACT condition showed significantly higher rates of referrals to pharmacotherapy at follow-up, rated barriers to learning new treatments as less believable at posttraining and follow-up, and showed greater psychological flexibility at posttraining and follow-up. Mediational analyses indicated that reduced believability of barriers and greater psychological flexibility mediated the impact of the intervention. Results support the idea that acceptance-based interventions may be helpful in addressing the psychological factors related to poor adoption of evidence-based treatments.
Near-optimal peak sidelobe binary codes

This paper describes an integer programming method for generating low autocorrelation binary codes at arbitrary bit lengths. PSL values and merit factors (for bit lengths 71 through 100) of the sequences obtained with this method were compared to the best literature-based minimal-PSL sequences. At 74 bits, a new minimal-PSL value was obtained. That result was combined with the best results reported in the literature to produce a minimal-PSL binary sequence table for bit lengths 71 through 100.
Optical Correlation Functions and Squeezing in The Jaynes-Cummings Model

In this paper we examine the electric field in the Jaynes-Cummings model to learn how the field is modified in interaction with a two level atom. Although some aspects of this interaction are well known, we show that the model is a rich source of additional insight.
Variation of shock-spacing during screech stage-jumps

Flow visualization is used to investigate shock-spacings in a supersonic jet during stage-jumps associated with the screech phenomenon. Conventional schlieren and shadowgraphy techniques as well as a new projection focusing schlieren technique are employed. Both time-averaged and instantaneous snapshots of the flow field are analyzed for a 37.6 mm round convergent nozzle over the jet Mach number range of 1.0 < Mj < 1.7. Shock-spacing is studied especially during hysteresis of the stage-jumps where two different screech frequencies could be realized at exactly the same Mj depending on whether the latter variable was increased or decreased. The data follow a monotonic trend without any discontinuity at any Mj. This establishes the fact that the stage-jumps in frequency are not associated with abrupt changes in the shock-spacing.
Understanding context effects for a measure of life evaluation: how responses matter

We study context effects on responses to wellbeing questions. We find that those who were randomized into being asked a series of political questions subsequently report lower life evaluation; those who were previously asked about their evaluation of the direction of the United States lowered their own life evaluation, but only if they disapproved of the way the country was going. Subgroups of the population are affected in different ways; the age profile of wellbeing is tipped in favor of the elderly, and African American’s life evaluations are increased when they are asked about President Obama’s performance. The context effects are large, not easily removed, and change wellbeing rankings across groups.
A generalized integrated population model to estimate greater sage-grouse population dynamics

For species of conservation concern, assessing population dynamics consistently across different populations is of paramount importance to effective conservation and restoration planning. This effort presents a challenge for wide-ranging species with considerable variation in both abundance and demographic rates. Raw counts of individuals are typically used to assess population trends at broad scales, but the demographic rates that explain changes in population size can only feasibly be measured at local scales. We developed a generalized integrated population model, which combines the strengths of these two data types, for the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). We used N-mixture models to estimate annual abundance from counts of males at breeding leks and constructed a two-sex, demographic matrix model using published vital rate estimates for male and female sage-grouse from across their range. We applied the model to 13 years of statewide lek counts for Montana, USA. Then, we applied the model to local, annually varying vital rate estimates and lek count data from a population in the Powder River Basin in Montana and Wyoming. We demonstrate potential for this modeling approach to improve our understanding of sage-grouse population dynamics in a consistent and robust framework, especially as data quality and quantity increases. We use our results to highlight the need for better data on sex and age ratios, female population size, and the proportion of active leks being monitored each year. While our model was focused on the greater sage-grouse, this approach could be applied to a variety of sensitive species to compare population dynamics across a species’ range.
Multiple drug resistance-associated protein (MRP4) exports prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and contributes to metastasis in basal/triple negative breast cancer.

// Tyler J. Kochel 1, 3 , Jocelyn C. Reader 2, 3 , Xinrong Ma 1, 3 , Namita Kundu 1, 3 , Amy M. Fulton 1, 3, 4 1 University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA 2 University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA 3 Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA 4 Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA Correspondence to: Tyler J. Kochel, email: tjkochel@gmail.com Keywords: breast cancer, metastasis, MRP4, PGE 2 , TNBC Received: July 02, 2016 Accepted: November 22, 2016 Published: December 24, 2016 ABSTRACT Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its primary enzymatic product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), are associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. In order to elucidate the factors contributing to intratumoral PGE 2 levels, we evaluated the expression of COX-2/PGE 2 pathway members MRP4, the prostaglandin transporter PGT, 15-PGDH (PGE 2 metabolism), the prostaglandin E receptor EP4, COX-1, and COX-2 in normal, luminal, and basal breast cancer cell lines. The pattern of protein expression varied by cell line reflecting breast cancer heterogeneity. Overall, basal cell lines expressed higher COX-2, higher MRP4, lower PGT, and lower 15-PGDH than luminal cell lines resulting in higher PGE 2 in the extracellular environment. Genetic or pharmacologic suppression of MRP4 expression or activity in basal cell lines led to less extracellular PGE 2 . The key finding is that xenografts derived from a basal breast cancer cell line with stably suppressed MRP4 expression showed a marked decrease in spontaneous metastasis compared to cells with unaltered MRP4 expression. Growth properties of primary tumors were not altered by MRP4 manipulation. In addition to the well-established role of high COX-2 in promoting metastasis, these data identify an additional mechanism to achieve high PGE 2 in the tumor microenvironment; high MRP4, low PGT, and low 15-PGDH. MRP4 should be examined further as a potential therapeutic target in basal breast cancer.
Geometric model reduction of forced and dissipative Hamiltonian systems

In this paper, a geometric model reduction method, the proper symplectic decomposition (PSD) with structure-preserving projection, is proposed for model reduction of forced Hamiltonian systems. As an analogy to the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-Galerkin method, PSD is designed to build a symplectic subspace to fit empirical data, while the structure-preserving projection is developed to reconstruct reduced systems while simultaneously preserving the symplectic and forced structure. In a special case when the external force is described by the Rayleigh dissipative function, the proposed method automatically preserves the dissipativity of the original system. The stability, accuracy, and efficiency of the proposed method are illustrated through numerical simulations of a dissipative wave equation.