cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoprotons from Mo 100 and Mo 92

The absolute yield and the energy and angular distributions of protons emitted from targets of concentrated isotopes ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{92}$ and ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{100}$, under betatron x-ray radiation of maximum energy 22.5 Mev, have been determined with nuclear emulsions as detector of protons.For ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{92}$ the proton is less tightly bound than the neutron by 5.0 Mev; for ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{100}$ the proton is more tightly bound by 2.4 Mev. Comparison of the large yield and the energy distribution of protons from ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{92}$ with those calculated from the statistical model shows good agreement except for an observed excess of high energy protons, which are also anisotropic. They are presumably due to a direct emission process with which neutron emission does not compete in the normal way.With ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{100}$, however, the yield, though 20 times smaller, exceeds the yield predicted on the statistical model by 20 to 125 times depending upon the processes and parameters assumed in the calculation. Most of the protons, therefore, must come from a direct process. The observed energy distribution is similar to one computed using the experimental ($\ensuremath{\gamma}, p$) cross section if it is assumed that the residual nucleus is left with a typical exponential energy level density distribution. The angular distribution is strongly anisotropic with a maximum near 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, for protons of energy greater than 5 Mev.
Groups, Groups of Groups, and Complex Stability

Many politically and economically important groups are themselves comprised of groups. Examples of such multilevel group structures include coalition governments, labor confederations and multinational agreements. This paper develops a model of multilevel group structures. The results establish the way in which individuals and groups will make trade-offs across levels of the multilevel structure. They also establish that overall stability and overall instability can both arise from any combination of stable and unstable levels. An important conclusion is that the stability of multilevel group structures cannot generally be understood by independently analyzing the component levels as is the conventional approach to coalitional games. Implications for institutional design are also discussed, including a condition for determining when a game among groups will destabilize the groups themselves. Finally, a detailed example of a political party formation and power sharing game is analyzed in this framework.
I Need Help Finding it: Understanding the Benefits of Research Skill Acquisition in Competitive Forensics

Research skill acquisition is an invaluable but under explored benefit of forensics participation. Although coaches, students, and administrators acknowledge that participants gain research skills via forensics, little is known about what these skills are and how they specifically benefit students. This paper isolates three specific research dimensions students learn while participating in competitive speech and debate: locating, examining, and applying source material. Connections are then drawn between these dimensions and the attainment of high level learning resulting in the creation of educational outcomes related to research skill acquisition via forensics. Understanding the process and importance of research skill acquisition is critical to address the need for forensics educators to articulate ways in which forensics pedagogy and larger educational goals are connected.
Nineteenth Mary McMillan Lecture

This Nineteenth Mary McMillan Lecture marks the 20th anniversary of the first Mary McMillan Lecture by Mildred Elson on July 8,1964. Miss Elson's lecture was aptly addressed to the legacy of Mary McMillan. Her lecture was published in the December 1964 issue of Physical Therapy.1 I recommend its reading and the reading of the 15 Mary McMillan Lectures published since that time to each of you. I am deeply honored to join the 18 distinguished persons who were previously selected to present the Mary McMillan Lecture in tribute to the Association's first president. I trust that my Mary McMillan Lecturer colleagues will not mind too much a sometimes irreverent critic becoming one of them.
Spectral Analysis of Stationary Crossflow Vortex Tracks in Sublimating Chemical Using Image Processing

Experiments on the 35° swept-wing model were performed in the NASA Langley 20-Inch Supersonic Wind Tunnel with Mach 2.0 flow conditions and 20 μm tall discrete roughness elements (DRE) with varying spacing placed along the leading edge. Fluorene was used as the sublimating chemical in the surface flow visualization technique to observe the transition front and stationary crossflow vortex patterns in the laminar flow region. Spatial spectral decomposition was performed on high-resolution images of sublimating chemical runs using a newly developed image processing technique. Streamwise evolution of the vortex track wavelengths within the laminar boundary-layer region was observed. The spectral information was averaged to determine the most dominant wavelengths present throughout the laminar flow region.
Cross-Cultural Mirrors: Two-Way Reflections

Ronald Takaki starts his milestone work A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America with an anecdote that is not difficult for those who have East Asian heritages to relate.
De-noising and event extraction for silicon pore sensors using matrix decomposition

Silicon pores with diameters in the range of micro/nano-meters can be used to detect an array of analytes. Silica beads are used as carriers of biomolecules through the pores. Passage of beads through the pores are termed as translocation events. In the presence of certain pairs of biomolecules, the pores exhibit trapping behaviour where the pores gets partially blocked. Such behaviour is termed as a trapping event. In this paper, we analyze simulated data of silicon-pore sensors and propose methods to perform signal de-noising and extraction of translocation/trapping events. In the first approach, we use the Discrete Wavelet based de-noising (DWT) as a preprocessing step. We window the signal and stack the segment into a matrix. The data matrix is decomposed into low rank and non-positive sparse components using the modified RPCA (Robust Principal Component Analysis) algorithm. In the second approach, we decompose the noisy signal matrix obtained without DWT. A GoDec (Go Decomposition) based approach is used here, with an explicit noise component and additionally a smoothness constraint. We compare both approaches and show results for signal de-noising and translocation/trapping event extraction. (5 pages)
Utilizing complement evasion strategies to design complement-based antibacterial immunotherapeutics: Lessons from the pathogenic Neisseriae

Novel therapies are urgently needed to combat the global threat of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Complement forms an important arm of innate defenses against infections. In physiological conditions, complement activation is tightly controlled by soluble and membrane-associated complement inhibitors, but must be selectively activated on invading pathogens to facilitate microbial clearance. Many pathogens, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, express glycans, including N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), that mimic host structures to evade host immunity. Neu5Ac is a negatively charged 9-cabon sugar that inhibits complement, in part by enhancing binding of the complement inhibitor factor H (FH) through C-terminal domains (19 and 20) on FH. Other microbes also bind FH, in most instances through FH domains 6 and 7 or 18-20. Here we describe two strategies to target complement activation on Neisseriae. First, microbial binding domains of FH were fused to IgG Fc to create FH18-20/Fc (binds gonococci) and FH6,7/Fc (binds meningococci). A point mutation in FH domain 19 eliminated hemolysis caused by unmodified FH18-20, but retained binding to gonococci. FH18-20/Fc and FH6,7/Fc mediated complement-dependent killing in vitro and showed efficacy in animal models of gonorrhea and meningococcal bacteremia, respectively. The second strategy utilized CMP-nonulosonate (CMP-NulO) analogs of sialic acid that were incorporated into LOS and prevented complement inhibition by physiologic CMP-Neu5Ac and resulted in attenuated gonococcal infection in mice. While studies to establish the safety of these agents are needed, enhancing complement activation on microbes may represent a promising strategy to treat antimicrobial resistant organisms.
Active Surveillance of Low-Risk Papillary Microcarcinoma of the Thyroid: Kuma Hospital Protocol and Its Outcomes

Abstract Many researchers have reported rapid increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in many countries including the United States and Korea. The increase was mostly because of the increase in...
Role of Na+ and Ca2+ in stretch-induced Na+-K+-ATPase α-subunit regulation in aortic smooth muscle cells

This study was designed to test the role of Na+ and Ca2+ entry in the stretch-induced Na+-K+-ATPase α1- and α2-isoform upregulation observed in our previous studies. We measured intracellular Na+ i...
Integrating MapReduce concepts into core CS curricula

There is little debate regarding the necessity to include parallel and distributed (PDC) concepts in the undergraduate computer science (CS) curriculum. However there may be debate as to the best way to do so; the extent of coverage necessary; and the best approach to accomplishing one's specific goals. At Wake Forest, our approach has been to develop PDC modules for use in existing courses rather than adding PDC courses to our core requirements. We have previously developed and employed modules built on a message passing paradigm. In the current work we report on efforts to develop MapReduce-based instructional modules for introductory and intermediate level courses. With this module approach we can introduce students to important PDC concepts earlier in their studies. This early introduction to MapReduce can be very beneficial to CS majors but also to students pursuing programs in business, engineering, and the social sciences.
Lupus-Like Syndromes Related to Drugs

A wide variety of agents have been implicated in the development of autoimmunity including pharmacologic, chemical, environmental, dietary, herbal, and infectious agents. Certain drugs, for example, may lead to the development of autoantibodies and, in some cases, a clinical autoimmune syndrome. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a drug might (a) exacerbate underlying idiopathic SLE, (b) induce SLE in a predisposed patient, or (c) cause the distinct syndrome of drug-induced lupus (DIL). Causality of potential inciting agents is hard to prove, with many associations based upon case report and observational data. However, several controlled studies have been conducted to implicate a number of drugs in the development of drug-related lupus. It is important to note that there is a greater likelihood of an individual producing autoantibodies in the presence of a given drug than showing signs of a clinical lupus-like syndrome.
Post-operative atrial fibrillation examined using whole-genome RNA sequencing in human left atrial tissue

Abstract Background Both ambulatory atrial fibrillation (AF) and post-operative AF (poAF) are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Analyzing the tissue-specific gene expression in the left atrium (LA) can identify novel genes associated with AF and further the understanding of the mechanism by which previously identified genetic variants associated with AF mediate their effects. Methods LA free wall samples were obtained intraoperatively immediately prior to mitral valve surgery in 62 Caucasian individuals. Gene expression was quantified on mRNA harvested from these samples using RNA sequencing. An expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was performed, comparing gene expression between different genotypes of 1.0 million genetic markers, emphasizing genomic regions and genes associated with AF. Results Comparison of whole-genome expression between patients who later developed poAF and those who did not identified 23 differentially expressed genes. These included genes associated with the resting membrane potential modified by potassium currents, as well as genes within Wnt signaling and cyclic GMP metabolism. The eQTL analysis identified 16,139 cis eQTL relationships in the LA, including several involving genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to AF. A previous relationship between rs3744029 and MYOZ1 expression was confirmed, and a novel relationship between rs6795970 and the expression of the SCN10A gene was identified. Conclusions The current study is the first analysis of the human LA expression landscape using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Several novel genes and variants likely involved in AF pathogenesis were identified, thus furthering the understanding of how variants associated with AF mediate their effects via altered gene expression. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00833313 , registered 5. January 2009
Compression Ratio Ion Mobility Programming (CRIMP) Accumulation and Compression of Billions of Ions for Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Using Traveling Waves in Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM)

We report on the implementation of a traveling wave (TW) based compression ratio ion mobility programming (CRIMP) approach within structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) that enables both greatly enlarged trapped ion charge capacities and also efficient ion population compression for use in ion mobility (IM) separations. Ion accumulation is conducted in a SLIM serpentine ultralong path with extended routing (SUPER) region after which CRIMP compression allows the large ion populations to be “squeezed”. The SLIM SUPER IM module has two regions, one operating with conventional traveling waves (i.e., traveling trap; TT region) and the second having an intermittently pausing or “stuttering” TW (i.e., stuttering trap; ST region). When a stationary voltage profile was used in the ST region, ions are blocked at the TT–ST interface and accumulated in the TT region and then can be released by resuming a conventional TW in the ST region. The population can also be compressed using CRIMP by the repetitive me...
Authority, Domination, and the Administrative State

Authority remains understudied in Public Administration. As we enter a contemporary era where symbolism, discourse, and politics hold sway over law, tradition, and reason we discover that the nature and application of authority changes as well. Rather than functioning as the enabling arm of the general will, we instead discover spaces opening where authority wielded instead can undermine the general will while homogenizing the body politic itself. Though such homogeneity might lead to more perfect unions, we might also discover that the loss of reason in our understanding of authority also portends a loss of discretion, individuality, and freedom.
Can storage reduce electricity consumption? A general equation for the grid-wide efficiency impact of using cooling thermal energy storage for load shifting

This study estimates changes in grid-wide, energy consumption caused by load shifting via cooling thermal energy storage (CTES) in the building sector. It develops a general equation for relating generator fleet fuel consumption to building cooling demand as a function of ambient temperature, relative humidity, transmission and distribution current, and baseline power plant efficiency. The results present a graphical sensitivity analysis that can be used to estimate how shifting load from cooling demand to cooling storage could affect overall, grid-wide, energy consumption. In particular, because power plants, air conditioners and transmission systems all have higher efficiencies at cooler ambient temperatures, it is possible to identify operating conditions such that CTES increases system efficiency rather than decreasing it as is typical for conventional storage approaches. A case study of the Dallas–Fort Worth metro area in Texas, USA shows that using CTES to shift daytime cooling load to nighttime cooling storage can reduce annual, system-wide, primary fuel consumption by 17.6 MWh for each MWh of installed CTES capacity. The study concludes that, under the right circumstances, cooling thermal energy storage can reduce grid-wide energy consumption, challenging the perception of energy storage as a net energy consumer.
Hepatic Arterial Infusion Pump: Complications and Nursing Management Regarding Use in Patients With Colorectal Cancer

Background The hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) pump is a treatment-delivery method based on the principle of targeting the tumor site directly and can be used alone or in combination with systemic chemotherapy. Objectives The intent of this article is to serve as a resource for oncology nurses to safely identify and manage HAI pump complications. These complications include seroma, flipped HAI pump, infection, changes in pressure and temperature, challenging access, dry pump, high residual volume, chemical hepatitis, risk of ulcer, and radiologic imaging considerations. Methods The authors performed a literature review to provide a foundation for nurses to be able to manage HAI pump infusions. Findings The literature review revealed minimal nursing resources to manage complications with an HAI pump. Resources to manage complications are crucial for safely administering medications and properly maintaining the function of the pump. Attention to patient education should be incorporated in nursing practice.
Syntactic Typology in Chinese (Part ii.1) (漢語句法類型學（第二部分之一）): The Neutral Question Forms – VP-neg in Min (中性問形式–VP-neg 閩語裏的謂語+否定詞式)

Recapturing the outline given in Part I of this article on syntactic typology in Chinese, the entire article “is divided into three parts: two pertaining to the neutral question forms and one to the attributive and the nominalized construction. Part 1 deals with the V-not-V questions, Part 2 the VP-neg and the Adv-VP questions and it also provides a general typological discussion of the neutral questions, while Part 3 discusses the attributive and the nominalized patterns, with a conclusion on dialectology in typology.” Since the VP-neg form is being gradually replaced by the popular V-not-V form in more than one major group of dialects or better termed as more than one major Sinitic languages, it is necessary to trace such a change wherever possible, so as to affirm whether VP-neg is the native form for the languages and dialects involved. The present paper focuses on the case of Min.論文分三章，本文是第二章，論述三種中性問句之一的謂語＋否定詞式在閩語裏共時歷時的類型布局。從觀察十六世紀以來的文獻以及十九世紀以至現代方言的發展模式，認爲閩語的本土型是謂語＋否定詞式。他如正反問及各種混合型乃是不同時地語言接觸後累積在不同層次的產物。
Classical Theoretical Approaches to Computational Aeroacoustics

An assessment is given of the relation of classical theoretical approaches to the newly defined field of computational aeroacoustics. It is indicated that classical methods play two important roles. First, the classical methods supply desirable formulations of the governing equations which are suitable for computational implementation. Second, the classical methods provide boundary conditions which are essential for accurate numerical simulations within a finite computational domain.
What Does It Take to Make a Beta Cell

As diabetes with its devastating complications results from β-cell deficiency, there is a compelling need to know more about the culprit. Whereas type 1 diabetes has a near complete loss of β cells owing to autoimmune destruction, type 2 diabetes is associated with a 40–60% reduction in β-cell mass. Insulin resistance, brought on by our Western lifestyle coupled with genetic factors, is clearly of major importance, but diabetes only develops when β-cell deficiency with its associated dysfunctional insulin secretion occurs. Replenishment of β cells by transplantation or by stimulating regeneration of endogenous islets would eliminate the diabetic state. Improving the dysfunctional insulin secretion of diabetes could also provide help. This chapter is written with an eye toward how β cells, or some kind of β-cell surrogate, might function when transplanted. It is important to understand β cells in their normal pancreatic environment to fully appreciate the compromises that will necessarily accompany β-cell replacement therapy.
Genetic Analysis of CO2 Fixation Genes

Purple photosynthetic bacteria assimilate CO2 primarily via the Calvin reductive pentose phosphate pathway. Depending on the growth conditions, the amount of CO2 fixation required for growth and the level of Calvin cycle enzymes can vary considerably. Although numerous biochemical studies have demonstrated induction or derepression of the enzymes, the mechanisms underlying this control have remained elusive. Cloning and expression of Calvin cycle structural and regulatory genes from different photosynthetic bacteria have led to significant advances in our understanding of CO2 fixationat the molecular level. cbb genes have been shown to be clustered in several bacteria, including Rhodobacter sphaeroides, in which genes within two cbb gene clusters appear to be organized within operons thus coordinating expression at the level of transcription. Mutagenesis of cbb genes in Rb. sphaeroides has revealed independent and interdependent regulatory relationships between the two different operons that appear to be mediated through a common transcriptional regulatory protein, CbbR. Transcriptional regulation and cbbR genes have also been demonstrated in Chromatium vinosum and Rhodospirillum rubrum. Characterization of the CbbR proteins should provide clues to the identity of the molecular signal that serves as sensor of the environment to control expression of enzymes involved in CO2 assimilation. Alternate routes of CO2 fixationhave unexpectedly been exposed in Rubis CO deletion mutants constructed in Rb. sphaeroides and Rs. rubrum opening new avenues of research in CO2 fixation in the photosynthetic bacteria. The RubisCO mutants have also been used as host strains for analyzing foreign RubisCO enzymes. In Cm. vinosum, two distinct RubisCO coding sequences were identified by hybridization and expression in E. coli allowed characterization of both enzymes. Finally, nucleotide sequence comparisons of cbb structural and regulatory genes have raised provocative evolutionary questions concerning relationships between photosynthetic bacteria and other organisms.
Role of Amiodarone in Heart Failure

Amiodarone is a unique drug with potential benefits in heart failure. Unlike other antiarrhythmic drugs, amiodarone has properties of all four of the Vaughan-Williams classes. Amiodarone causes hemodynamic effects, as a result of its direct effect on smooth muscle and its calcium channel and alpha adrenergic blockade; it dilates coronary arteries and increases coronary blood flow. Amiodarone also causes peripheral arterial vasodilatation and decreases systemic blood pressure and afterload. There have been several clinical trials that demonstrated the beneficial effects of amiodarone therapy in heart failure involving small number of patients. The effect of amiodarone on survival in patients with CHF was recently examined in two large randomized, placebo-controlled trials. The Gruppo de Estudo de la Sobrevida en la Insufficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina (GESICA) was performed in Argentina, and the Survival Trial of Antiarrythmic Therapy In Congestive Heart Failure (CHF-STAT) was performed in Veterans' Administration hospitals in the United States. The results of the GESICA trial suggested that the addition of amiodarone improved survival, decreased hospital admissions for congestive heart failure, and improved functional class in patients with heart failure. The CHF-STAT study demonstrated that amiodarone therapy was associated with no survival benefit for sudden death, despite significant suppression of ventricular arrhythmias and improvement in left ventricular function. In conclusion amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic agent in patients with heart failure. It has been shown to suppress ventricular ectopy with an acceptable frequency of adverse effects when administered in lower doses. The role of amiodarone in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure needs further study.
From risky behaviors to chronic outcomes: current status and Healthy People 2010 goals for American Indians in Oklahoma.

Objectives The objective was to estimate the rates of behavior-related risk factors among American Indians in Oklahoma, and compare those to the Oklahoma general population rates and Healthy People 2010 goals where available. Methods The REACH 2010 Native American Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, a random telephone survey, was conducted in 2000 as a part of the larger national REACH initiative. It had 3,732 respondents and it included measures related to health status, health care access, overweight, exercise, tobacco use, alcohol use, hypertension, cholesterol screening and diabetes. Results Self-reported health status was excellent or very good among 52% of respondents and fair or poor among 21%. Sixty-one percent of adults were overweight or obese. Prevalence of current cigarette smoking was at 33%. Binge drinking in the last month was present among 18% of American Indian adults. Thirty percent of adults did not engage in any leisure time physical activity during the last month. Diagnosed high blood pressure was reported by 26% of respondents, and prevalence of diabetes exceeded 8%. Conclusions Majority of the recorded behaviors are above Healthy People 2010 goals, and exceed Oklahoma general population rates. There are also some significant gender differences, demonstrating the need for targeted intervention activities.
Novel Technique for Insertion of Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulator Percutaneous Leads: Technical Note and Institutional Experience.

Objective Cervical spinal cord stimulation is a safe and effective treatment for chronic axial neck pain and upper limb neuropathic pain. We report our novel institutional experience with performing cervical spinal cord stimulation trials with patients placed in an upright sitting position. This allows easy access to the cervical epidural space and has the added benefit of unobstructed access to the airway. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data for patients who had undergone cervical spinal cord stimulation trial procedures in an upright, sitting position at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Demographic information including age, gender, preoperative diagnosis, progression to permanent implant after a successful trial, and operative time in minutes was collected. Results A detailed description of the technique for implantation of cervical spinal cord stimulator trial leads in an upright sitting position is described. A total of 29 patients were implanted; 16 (55%) were female. Mean operative time was 78 minutes from incision to closing. The majority of patients (25/29; 86%) had successful trials and proceeded to permanent implant. No complications occurred, and the procedure was well tolerated by all patients. Conclusions Cervical spinal cord stimulation trials performed in an upright, sitting position allow for easy epidural access and an unobstructed airway with reasonable setup time.
Predicting runtimes of bioinformatics tools based on historical data: five years of Galaxy usage.

MOTIVATION One of the many technical challenges that arises when scheduling bioinformatics analyses at scale is determining the appropriate amount of memory and processing resources. Both over- and under-allocation leads to an inefficient use of computational infrastructure. Over allocation locks resources that could otherwise be used for other analyses. Under-allocation causes job failure and requires analyses to be repeated with a larger memory or runtime allowance. We address this challenge by using a historical dataset of bioinformatics analyses run on the Galaxy platform to demonstrate the feasibility of an online service for resource requirement estimation. RESULTS Here we introduced the Galaxy job run dataset and tested popular machine learning models on the task of resource usage prediction. We include three popular forest models: the extra trees regressor, the gradient boosting regressor and the random forest regressor, and find that random forests perform best in the runtime prediction task. We also present two methods of choosing walltimes for previously unseen jobs. Quantile regression forests are more accurate in their predictions, and grant the ability to improve performance by changing the confidence of the estimates. However, the sizes of the confidence intervals are variable and cannot be absolutely constrained. Random forest classifiers address this problem by providing control over the size of the prediction intervals with an accuracy that is comparable to that of the regressor. We show that estimating the memory requirements of a job is possible using the same methods, which as far as we know, has not been done before. Such estimation can be highly beneficial for accurate resource allocation. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Source code available at https://github.com/atyryshkina/algorithm-performance-analysis, implemented in Python. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Equivalence among variable exponent Hardy or Bergman spaces

Abstract We study the question of when two weighted variable exponent Bergman spaces or Hardy spaces are equivalent. As an application, we show that variable exponent Hardy spaces have a close relation to classical Hardy spaces when the exponent is log-Holder continuous and has bounded harmonic conjugate (when extended from its boundary values to be harmonic in the disc). We use this to characterize Carleson measures for these variable exponent Hardy spaces. We also prove under certain conditions an analogue of Littlewood subordination and a result on the boundedness of composition operators.
Helpful ways providers can communicate about persistent medically unexplained physical symptoms.

Communication between patients and providers about persistent “medically unexplained” physical symptoms (MUS) is characterized by discordance. While the difficulties are well documented, few studies have examined effective communication. We sought to determine what veterans with Gulf War Illness (GWI) perceive as the most helpful communication from their providers. Veterans with GWI, a type of MUS, have historically had complex relationships with medical providers. Determining effective communication for patients with particularly complex relationships may help identify the most critical communication elements for all patients with MUS. Two hundred and-ten veterans with GWI were asked, in a written questionnaire, what was the most useful thing a medical provider had told them about their GWI. Responses were coded into three categories with 10 codes. The most prevalent helpful communication reported by patients was when the provider offered acknowledgement and validation (N = 70). Specific recommendations for managing GWI or its symptoms (N = 48) were also commonly reported to be helpful. In contrast, about a third of the responses indicated that nothing about the communication was helpful (N = 63). There were not differences in severity of symptoms, disability or healthcare utilization between patients who found acknowledgement and validation, specific recommendations or nothing helpful. Previous research has documented the discord between patients and providers regarding MUS. This study suggests that most patients are able to identify something helpful a provider has said, particularly acknowledgement and validation and specific treatment recommendations. The findings also highlight missed communication opportunities with a third of patients not finding anything helpful.
Come Hither to Me: Performance of a Seductive Robot

Come Hither to Me is an interactive robotic performance, which examines the emotive social interaction between an audience and a robot. Our interactive robot attempts to communicate and flirt with audience members in the gallery. The robot uses feedback from sensors, auditory data, and computer vision techniques to learn about the participants and inform its conversation. The female robot approaches the audience, picks her favorites, and starts charming them with seductive comments, funny remarks, backhanded compliments, and personal questions. We are interested in evoking emotions in the participating audience through their interactions with the robot. Come Hither to Me strives to invert gender roles and stereotypical expectations in flirtatious interactions. This performative piece explores the dynamics of social communication, objectification of women, and the gamification of seduction. The robot reduces flirtation to an algorithm, codifying pick-up lines and sexting paradigms.
Decimal Selection Functions

When we take a decimal form of a number in the unit interval [0,1], we can form a new number by selecting certain digits and discarding the others. We analyze the properties of this process, partic...
Patterned Surface Energy in Elastomeric Molds as a Generalized Approach to Polymer Particle Fabrication.

We present a generic fabrication scheme to produce polymer microparticles with engineerable, complex shapes. The polymer particles are made from polyethylene glycol based hydrogels using a poly(dim...
Respirator-induced pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema: experimental overinflation of cadaver lungs.

Resuscitation maneuvers (including positive-pressure ventilation and closed chest cardiac massage) may be complicated by the formation of pneumothorax (PT), mediastinal emphysema (ME), or subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) [1–4]. Proposed mechanisms of these untoward effects have included overinflation [2–5], violent inspiratory efforts during inflation [4], pulmonary parenchymal laceration due to rib fractures [1], and perforation of air passages during intracardiac injections [1].
An integrated electrocatalytic nESI-MS platform for quantification of fatty acid isomers directly from untreated biofluids.

Positional isomers of alkenes are frequently transparent to the mass spectrometer and it is difficult to provide convincing data to support their presence. This work focuses on the development of a new reactive nano-electrospray ionization (nESI) platform that utilizes non-inert metal electrodes (e.g., Ir and Ru) for rapid detection of fatty acids by mass spectrometry (MS), with concomitant localization of the CC bond to differentiate fatty acid isomers. During the electrospray process, the electrical energy (direct current voltage) is harnessed for in situ oxide formation on the electrode surface via electro-oxidation. The as-formed surface oxides are found to facilitate in situ epoxide formation at the CC bond position and the products are analyzed by MS in real-time. This phenomenon has been applied to analyze isomers of unsaturated fatty acids from complex serum samples, without pre-treatment.
Mechanical, biochemical, and morphological topography of ovine knee cartilage.

The knee is the most common site for translational cartilage research in sheep, though topographic features of articular cartilage across surfaces are unspecified. We aimed to characterize the mechanical, morphological, and biochemical properties of articular cartilage across ovine knee surfaces and document variations between and within surface locations. Regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated across surfaces of 10 healthy ovine knees. Articular cartilage at each ROI was measured for creep indentation, thickness, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content. Variables were compared between surface locations (trochlea, and lateral [LFC] and medial [MFC] femoral condyles) and between ROIs within each surface location. Correlations between variables were also assessed. Articular surface location had a significant effect on creep (P < .0001), thickness (P < .0001), and collagen (P = .0007), but not GAG (P = .28). Significant differences in percent creep between ROIs were found within the LFC (P < .0001), MFC (P < .0001), and trochlea (P = .0002). Cartilage thickness was different between ROIs within the LFC, MFC, and trochlea (all P < .0001). The LFC (P = .002) and trochlea (P = .01) each had significant differences in GAG between ROIs. Collagen content between ROIs was different within the LFC (P = .0003), MFC (P = .0005), and trochlea (P < .0001). Collagen content was correlated with thickness (r = -.55), percent creep (r = .47), and GAG (r = -.21). Percent creep was correlated with thickness (r = -.64) and GAG (r = -.19). Topographic variations in mechanical, morphological, and biochemical properties exist across knee cartilage surfaces in sheep. Recognition of this variability is important to optimize study protocols and improve accuracy of results.
Extracting Resilience Metrics From Distribution Utility Data Using Outage and Restore Process Statistics

Resilience curves track the accumulation and restoration of outages during an event on an electric distribution grid. We show that a resilience curve generated from utility data can always be decomposed into an outage process and a restore process and that these processes generally overlap in time. We use many events in real utility data to characterize the statistics of these processes, and derive formulas based on these statistics for resilience metrics such as restore duration, customer hours not served, and outage and restore rates. The formulas express the mean value of these metrics as a function of the number of outages in the event. We also give a formula for the variability of restore duration, which allows us to predict a maximum restore duration with 95% confidence. Overall, we give a simple and general way to decompose resilience curves into outage and restore processes and then show how to use these processes to extract resilience metrics from standard distribution system data.
The possessive investment in honorary whiteness?: how Asian and Asian Americans reify a transnational racial order through language

Considering the call for a global approach to analysing race, this study develops a theoretical framework of how racial ideology becomes structured at a global, transnational level. Drawing from ap...
Path Analysis of the Mediating Roles of Personality, Distress, and Cognitive Flexibility in the Subjective Well-Being of Combat Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective To determine the interrelationships among traumatic brain injury (TBI), maladaptive personality traits (MPT), psychological distress, and cognitive flexibility in the prediction of subjective well-being of post-9/11 veterans concurrently and over time. Setting Five Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers and 1 VA outpatient clinic in urban, suburban, and rural areas. Participants Five hundred Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans at baseline (219 with TBI), 292 at 18-month follow-up (108 with TBI), drawn from a regional registry and clinic referrals. Design Path analysis of data from a prospective cohort study. Main measures Satisfaction with Life Scale, 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Health Scale, Personality Assessment Screener, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Military, Trail Making Test, Part B, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Category-Switching Verbal Fluency, and D-KEFS Color-Word Interference Test. Results There was no direct effect of TBI on well-being at baseline or 18 months later. Psychological distress, MPT, and cognitive flexibility had significant direct effects on well-being at baseline and 18 months. Baseline model accounted for 66% of the variance in well-being; follow-up model accounted for 43% of well-being variance. Negative influence of distress significantly decreased from baseline to follow-up. Direct negative effect of MPT diminished slightly over 18 months; effect of cognitive flexibility increased. Significant relationships were estimated in prediction of distress by MPT, cognitive flexibility, and TBI. TBI predicted MPT. MPT, cognitive flexibility, and TBI had indirect effects on well-being. TBI had a positive indirect influence on distress. Total effects included 4 significant predictors of well-being at baseline and 18 months: distress, MPT, cognitive flexibility, and TBI. Conclusion Experience of TBI alone did not predict subjective well-being at baseline or 18 months later. Psychological distress, MPT, and cognitive flexibility had direct effects on well-being at both time points. Interventions aimed at reducing distress and bolstering resilience and cognitive flexibility are recommended to increase subjective well-being in this population.
Diffusion coefficient and nucleation density studies on electrochemical deposition of aluminum from chloroaluminate ionic liquid electrolytes

Abstract In this study, aluminum was electrodeposited from ionic liquids comprising a melt of alkyl imidazolium chlorides and aluminum chloride (AlCl3). The ionic liquids utilized in this study were 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (EMIC)-AlCl3, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIC)-AlCl3, and 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (HMIC)-AlCl3 at the AlCl3 mole fraction of 0.667 (molar ratio of 1:2). The electrochemical behavior of chloroaluminate species in the three ionic liquids was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) techniques at different temperatures. The cyclic voltammograms indicated that the reduction of Al2Cl7− species to metallic aluminum followed a diffusion-controlled phenomenon. Moreover, even at a less negative applied potential, the higher current density was obtained for EMIC-AlCl3 ionic liquid. That indicates that EMIC-AlCl3 favors less energy consumption during the electrodeposition. The chronoamperometric analysis revealed that the onset of aluminum deposition from such ionic liquids proceeds via a three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation process. The concentrations of Al2Cl7− ions in the ionic liquids were calculated based on the thermodynamic data, which were 2520, 2271, and 2035 mol m−3 for EMIC-AlCl3, BMIC-AlCl3, and HMIC-AlCl3, respectively. The diffusion coefficient (D) values of Al2Cl7− species in such ionic liquids were also calculated at various temperatures. The D values determined from the CA technique at 363 K are 2.16 × 10−11, 1.03 × 10−11, and 0.87 × 10−11 m2 s−1 for EMIC-AlCl3, BMIC-AlCl3, and HMIC-AlCl3, respectively. In addition, the D value increased as temperature increased and decreased as the hydrocarbon group in the ionic liquid increased. The calculated grain sizes of nucleation range from 2 to 4 μm for these ionic liquids and are in good agreement with experimental data obtained from SEM micrographs.
Textures of an Epidemic: On the Necessity of Qualitative Methods in Making Better Pandemic Futures

Numbers predominate in an infectious disease outbreak: the number of total cases, the number of new cases, the number of dead. These are important; people want to know where the virus seems to be headed and how virulent it is. Yet, what these numbers say nothing about is what is happening on the ground to those people infected, their loved ones, their caregivers, or to those larger numbers impacted by government responses. They say nothing about what deliberations go into decisions about public health policies, including what might have worked in previous epidemics. Yet, knowing details of differential impacts, discovering that suffering and vulnerability have endless permutations, and understanding the varied ways of perceiving and responding to epidemics is just as important as the stories that numbers tell. In fact, knowing what I call “the textures of an epidemic” is vital to understanding not just who might be impacted more heavily, but why and how. This is where qualitative methods come in, and COVID-19 is no exception to why we need to elucidate experiences across professional and geographic locations, and comb archives for what lessons might be revealed because doing this could mean doing better than we have in this epidemic to be prepared, redress inequities, and make better pandemic futures.
Chromatin Patterns Distinguish Breast Tumor Subtypes and Disease Progression in Association with ANP32E levels

Despite highly advanced diagnosis and treatment strategies, breast cancer patient outcomes vary extensively, even among individuals with the same diagnosis. Thus, a better understanding of the unique molecular characteristics that underlie tumor trajectories and responses to therapy remains a central goal. We report that chromatin patterns represent an important characteristic, capable of stratifying tumor identity and progression. We find that patterns of chromatin accessibility can be classified into 3 major groups, representing Basal-like tumors, hormone receptor (HR)-expressing tumors, and invasive lobular Luminal-A tumors. Major chromatin differences occur throughout the genome at motifs for the transcription factor FOXA1 in HR-positive tumors, and motifs for SOX9 in Basal-like tumors. A large portion of lobular Luminal-A tumors display a chromatin signature defined by accessibility at FOXA1 binding motifs, distinguishing them from others within this subtype. Expression of the histone chaperone ANP32E is inversely correlated with tumor progression and chromatin accessibility at FOXA1 binding sites. Tumors with high levels of ANP32E exhibit an immune response and proliferative gene expression signature, whereas tumors with low ANP32E levels appear programmed for differentiation. Our results indicate that ANP32E may function through chromatin state regulation to control breast cancer differentiation and tumor plasticity.
Multiyear drought exacerbates long-term effects of climate on an invasive ant species.

Invasive species threaten biodiversity, ecosystem function, and human health, but the long-term drivers of invasion dynamics remain poorly understood. We use data from a 28-yr ongoing survey of a Northern California ant community invaded by the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) to investigate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on invasion dynamics. We found that the distribution of L. humile retracted following an extreme drought that occurred in the region from 2012 to 2015. The distribution of several native ant species also contracted, but overall native ant diversity was higher after the drought and for some native ant species, distributions expanded over the 28-yr survey period. Using structural equation models, we found the strongest impact on the distribution of L. humile was from direct effects of climate, namely, cumulative precipitation and summer maximum temperatures, with only a negligible role for biotic resistance and indirect effects of climate mediated by native ants. The increasing drought and high temperature extremes projected for northern California because of anthropogenic-driven climate change may limit the spread, and possibly the impact, of L. humile in invaded regions. The outcome will depend on the response of native ant communities to these climatic stressors.