cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remogliflozin etabonate: a novel SGLT2 inhibitor for treatment of diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Inhibitors of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) represent a new class of anti-hyperglycemic agents with a unique mechanism of action. These drugs lower blood glucose by increasing urinary glucose excretion. Remogliflozin etabonate (RE) is a prodrug of remogliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor under development.Areas covered: The following article reviews all of the clinical studies published regarding metabolism, drug interaction, safety and efficacy of RE in healthy subjects, patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Expert opinion: Available data suggest low potential for RE to interact with other drugs affecting the P450 system. Compared with placebo, RE reduces hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels by an average of 0.5 – 1.0% after 12 weeks of therapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Because of its relatively short half-life, RE may be slightly more effective when used twice daily than once daily. One preliminary study also showed that RE decreased plasma glucose levels in type 1 d...
Data layout optimization for petascale file systems

In this study, the authors propose a simple performance model to promote a better integration between the parallel I/O middleware layer and parallel file systems. They show that application-specific data layout optimization can improve overall data access delay considerably for many applications. Implementation results under MPI-IO middleware and PVFS2 file system confirm the correctness and effectiveness of their approach, and demonstrate the potential of data layout optimization in petascale data storage.
Removal of Vapor-Phase Elemental Mercury by Oil-Fired Fly Ashes

The vapor-phase elemental mercury removal efficiency of the heavy-oil-fired fly ash (HOFA) discharged from heavy-oil-fired power plants was first tested to evaluate its suitability as a base material for the development of a low-cost novel sorbent to capture vapor-phase mercury in coal combustion flue gases. Raw, CO2-activated, and sulfur-impregnated HOFAs were prepared and tested. The morphology, specific surface area, particle size, and chemical composition were analyzed for the tested samples. A bench-scale fixed-bed reactor system was used to determine the mercury removal efficiencies of the HOFAs and commercially available activated carbons for comparison. The CO2-activated HOFA showed slightly higher mercury removal efficiency than the raw HOFA, resulting from the increase of active sorption sites by the enlarged surface area. The mercury removal efficiencies of the HOFAs modified by the sulfur impregnation process significantly increased with increasing sulfur content and were comparable to those o...
Energy Efficient Broadcast in Distributed Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

In this work we present algorithms for minimum energy consumption broadcast subgraph (MECBS) problem. First, we focus on designing distributed algorithms for MECBS. To our knowledge, this is the first work looking into the aspects of designing a distributed approximation algorithm for the MECBS. Given input graph G = (V,E) with |V| = n, our algorithm has approximation ratio of 2Hn-1 with time complexity O(n ldrlambda(G)), where Hn is the nth Harmonic Number, and lambda(G) denotes the diameter of the graph G. Second, we present an improved sequential approximation algorithm for the MECBS problem with arbitrary asymmetric power requirement having performance ratio 1.5 (ln(n-1) + 1t), hence improving all known results for MECBS problem in most general case. Our improvement in MECBS problem also implies that there is a 1.5 ln(n-1) + 2.5 - approximation algorithm for strong connectivity with asymmetric power requirements.
Phonological Analysis of Cerebral Palsied Children's Utterances:

Spontaneous object-naming responses of ten four- to six-year-old children with spastic cerebral palsy were analyzed phonologically. Results indicated that Liquid deviations were prevalent in their utterances and that percentage-of-occurrence means were higher for / | / deviations than for /r, θ/ deviations. Omissions were noted to be relatively infrequent in their speech except in consonant clusters. Lateralization and Postvocalic devoicing were the most prevalent miscellaneous error patterns. The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary baseline information about phonological systems of a group of children with cerebral palsy that ultimately would serve as a basis for formulating and testing clinical hypotheses that incorporate phonological principles in remediation planning.
Isolation, culture, and regeneration of moth bean Vigna aconitofolia leaf protoplasts

Abstract Mesophyll protoplasts, isolated with purified Driselase from a drought resistant food crop (moth bean, Vigna aconitifolia ), were cultured in standing microdrops. High division rates and plating efficiency were obtained by purifying the enzyme, by adding glutamine and asparagine to the culture medium, and by gradually reducing the levels of osmiticum. On auxin free medium, the protoplast-derived calli produced embryoids which developed into complete plants.
Hypusine-Dependent Messenger Nucleic Acids ( hymns ): Deferiprone dislocates specific mRNAs from the polysomes. † 678

Hypusine-Dependent Messenger Nucleic Acids ( hymns ): Deferiprone dislocates specific mRNAs from the polysomes. † 678
The Representation of Behavioral Choice for Motion in Human Visual Cortex

Single-unit recording studies have demonstrated a close link between neural activity in the middle temporal (MT) area and motion perception. In contrast, researchers using functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivoxel pattern analysis methods have recently documented direction-specific responses within many regions of the visual system (e.g., visual cortical areas V1-V4v) not normally associated with motion processing. Our goal was to determine how these direction-selective response patterns directly relate to the conscious perception of motion. We dissociated neuronal responses associated with the perceptual experience of motion from the physical presence of motion in the display by asking observers to report the perceived direction of an ambiguous stimulus. Activation patterns in the human MT complex closely matched the reported perceptual state of the observer, whereas patterns in other visual areas did not. These results suggest that, even when selective responses to a given feature are distributed relatively broadly across the visual system, the conscious experience of that feature may be primarily based on activity within specialized cortical areas.
Healing of gingival mucoperiosteal flaps

Abstract 1. 1. Surgical mucoperiosteal flaps separating the gingiva from the teeth healed without any significant loss of periodontal attachment in all of the fifteen cases examined. 2. 2. Presence or absence of presurgical inflammation or variation in occlusal forces did not seem to influence the healing. 3. 3. By means of serial sectioning, it was possible to observe foreign bodies in the zones of previous surgery in six of the fifteen cases. Focal chronic inflammation was rather severe in three of these six cases three to four months after the flap procedure. 4. 4. Calculus should be removed routinely prior to flap operations, and suction should be used rather than sponges during the operation in order to avoid implantation of foreign bodies.
An Inexpensive Additive Tricolor Mixer Capable of Continuous Variations in Hue and Saturation

A design is presented for the construction of an inexpensive tricolor mixer which is capable of continuous variation in hue and saturation. The degree of precision of measurement of the stimuli produced can be manipulated to meet the demands of the experimenter by selection of filters and mechanical components.
Postprandial VLDL lipolysis products increase monocyte adhesion and lipid droplet formation via activation of ERK2 and NFκB

Postprandial lipemia is characterized by a transient increase in circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and has been shown to activate monocytes in v...
A hollow cathode neutralizer for a 30-cm diameter bombardment thruster

Recent improvements in overall thrustor performance have imposed new constraints on neutralizer performance. The use of compensated grid extraction system requires a re-evaluation of neutralizer position. In addition a suitable control logic for the neutralizer has proven difficult. A series of tests were conducted to determine what effect neutralizer cathode geometry has on performance. The parameters investigated included orifice diameter and length, and cathode diameter. Similar tests investigated open and enclosed keeper geometries. Neutralizer position tests with compensated grids suggest positions approximately 10 cm from the accelerator and radially out of the beam envelope should result in satisfactory performance and long life. Finally operation at keeper currents of 1.5 amp has resulted in lower total neutralizer power, the elimination of tip heater power, and suitable closed loop control of the neutralizer vaporizer.
Multisensor Microwave Sensitivity to Freeze/Thaw Dynamics Across a Complex Boreal Landscape

The annual freeze/thaw (FT) cycle determines the potential growing season in boreal landscapes and is a major factor determining ecosystem productivity and associated exchange of trace gases $(\hbox{CO}_{2}, \hbox{H}_{2}\hbox{O})$ with the atmosphere. Accurate characterization of these processes can improve regional assessment of seasonal carbon dynamics and climate feedbacks. FT process variations are spatially and temporally complex due to topography, snow depth and wetness, land cover, or local climatic conditions. In this paper, we perform a landscape analysis of multifrequency and multitemporal satellite microwave remote sensing measurements at L-band (JERS-1), C-band (ERS), and Ku-band (QuikSCAT) for characterizing FT dynamics. We first analyze backscatter sensitivity of the three frequencies to FT conditions over selected Alaska temperature sites. We then apply an FT classifier over two study areas (wetland complex and moderate topography) and examine differences in FT timing according to vegetation, elevation, and north/south facing slope. Results show that L-, C-, and Ku-band backscatter are sensitive to landscape FT state transitions, with higher backscatter for nonfrozen than frozen conditions at C- and L-bands but the opposite response at Ku-band. We applied a change detection algorithm to the C-band and L-band data over both study areas and analyzed the FT classifications with land cover information. These results resolve characteristic patterns of earlier spring thawing for south facing slopes, lower elevations, and coniferous vegetation. Our results also inform similar FT algorithm development for the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive mission by documenting L-band FT sensitivity and heterogeneity over a boreal landscape.
Partitioned Bradford Ranking and the Serials Problem in Academic Research Libraries

During the last ten years, the number of research‐level serials has grown rapidly, and serials costs have increased at an even faster rate. These events, coupled with other inflationary pressures and nearly static or declining budgets, forced academic research libraries to shift collections‐funding patterns significantly. As a result, they repeatedly reduced their support of monograph‐rich collections in order to pay for a series of unexpectedly large cost increases in serial‐rich collections. Despite such stopgap fund transfers, serials costs often outstripped their increased allotments. Cancellation of serial acquisitions, serials ordering moratoria, buy‐one‐cancel‐one policies, and other assorted roadblocks or holding actions frequently resulted in a qualitative decline in serial‐rich collections, yet seldom prevented the publication of new serials or the continued increases in prices. Acknowledging the notoriety of this problem among research librarians, I call it “the serials problem.”
In Perpetuity: Some Reflections on Literary Views of Land and Other Forms of Property

Some of civilization's finest minds have focused on societal problems and reported the result in literary works. Literary sensitivity and sensibility ought to provide insight on the value consequences and normative dimensions of social science theorizing. These hypotheses are tested against some of the ideas on property, particularly property in land, in great works of literature, contrasted with some analogous ideas from economic theory. No sweeping generalizations or policy conclusions were sought or found; insights were obtained as aids or guides for economic inquiry. But, interestingly, many of the literary views were in substantial accord with views on land and property espoused by Henry George, views which, as he noted, have a history extending into ancient and possibly prehistoric times.
The mutagenic activity of β-propiolactone in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract The mutagenic activity of the carcinogenic lactone β-propiolactone (BPL), , was studied in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Linear induction kinetics were obtained for both auxotrophic and petite mutations in log- and stationary-phase cells of the haploid strain S288C. 88 BPL-induced auxotrophic mutants were tested for their reversion patterns with BPL, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), N -methyl- N ′-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-[3-(ethyl-2-chlorethyl)aminopropylamino]acridine ·2 HCl (ICR-170) using a qualitative plate test method. 49% of the mutants were presumptively classified as base-pair substitutions and 2% as presumptive frameshifts. The remaining 40% were not induced to revert by any of the mutagens employed.
Simultaneous resolution of underivatized regioisomers and stereoisomers of arachidonate epoxides by capillary electrophoresis

cis-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and their hydrolysis products (threo-DHETs) have been proposed to be endothelial-dependent hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) which upregulate blood flow when tissue perfusion is impaired. Various EET regioisomers and enantiomers are formed from arachidonate by inducible cytochrome P450 epoxygenase isoforms, and tissue EET profiles may vary with diet, time, and disease. Because EET actions and metabolism may be regio- and stereospecific, convenient methods to measure profiles of EET isomers in tissues are needed. In the current studies, we describe two simple capillary electrophoretic methods for resolving EETs. The first method involves capillary electrophoresis with a mixture of neutral and anionic β-cyclodextrins, which in one step baseline-resolves underivatized EET regioisomers and their enantiomers. Low picogram amounts of EET enantiomers were identified based on migration times and UV spectra. The method was also used to assess the antipode purity of EET standards, and to determine murine hepatic levels of EET enantiomers. The second method involves capillary electrochromatography, which also baseline-resolves underivatized EET and DHET regioisomers in one step. We conclude that in EET assays the major advantages of capillary electrophoresis over reversed-phase HPLC are improved peak efficiency, sensitivity, and resolution, plus precise coelution of deuterated and nondeuterated EETs.
ATCG nucleotide fluctuation of Deinococcus radiodurans radiation genes

The radiation resistance-repair genes in Deinococcus radiodurans (DR) and E-coli were analyzed in terms of the A, T, C, G nucleotide fluctuations. The studied genes were Rec-A, Rec-Q, and the unique DR PprA gene. In an ATCG sequence, each base was assigned a number equal to its atomic number. The resulting numerical sequence was the basis of the statistical analysis. Fractal analysis using the Higuchi method gave a fractal dimension increase of the Deinococcus radiodurans genes as compared to E-coli, which is comparable to the enhancement observed in the human HAR1 region (HAR1F gene) over that of the chimpanzee. Near neighbor fluctuation was also studied via the Black-Scholes model where the increment sequence was treated as a random walk series. The Deinococcus radiodurans radiation gene standard deviations were consistently higher than that of the E-coli deviations, and agree with the fractal analysis results. The sequence stacking interaction was studied using the published nucleotide-pair melting free energy values and Deinococcus radiodurans radiation genes were shown to possess larger negative free energies. The high sensitivity of the fractal dimension as a biomarker was tested with correlation analysis of the gamma ray dose versus fractal dimension, and the R square values were found to be above 0.9 (N=5). When compared with other nucleotide sequences such as the rRNA sequences, HAR1 and its chimpanzee counterpart, the higher fluctuation (correlated randomness) and larger negative free energy of a DR radiation gene suggested that a radiation resistance-repair sequence exhibited higher complexity. As the HAR1 nucleotide sequence complexity and its transcription activity of co-expressing cortex protein reelin supported a positive selection event in humans, a similar inference of positive selection of coding genes could be drawn for Deinococcus radiodurans when compared to E-coli. The origin of such a positive selection would be consistent with that of a Martian environment.
Stokes vector correlations and material discrimination from speckle fields

We examine the joint probability distribution of polarization information; specifically the joint distribution of the degree of polarization and the three Stokes parameters, as it relates to material properties in a highly scattering, highly depolarizing transmission geometry, making use of the Observable Polarization Sphere (OPS) for visualization of this distribution. We comment on the role of the source's coherence in terms of the polarization properties of the resulting speckle field, and describe numerical and experimental results of second order Stokes vector element correlations and their applicability to material discrimination.
Narrative Development in Late Talkers: Early School Age

Children with slow expressive language development (SELD) as toddlers and a control group of children with normal language development (NL) were followed to early school age. Children with SELD wer...
Characterization of rat pulmonary monoamine oxidase.

Abstract The substrate specificities and kinetics of rat lung monoamine oxidase (MAO) have been studied. Utilizing the irreversible MAO inhibitors, clorgyline and deprenyl, rat lung was shown to possess at least two types of MAO, A and B. Tyramine was a substrate for both forms of the enzyme, whereas 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was a preferred substrate for the A-form. In contrast to most other tissues, 2-phenylethylamine was not solely a B-type substrate for the rat lung MAO and some metabolism by the A-type was apparent ( B A = 80 20 ) . Using tyramine as substrate the ratio A/B was shown to be 55 45 . Rat pulmonary MAO-B was inhibited by deprenyl and the kinetics of MAO-A studied. The Km values for the A-form for tyramine, phenylethylamine and 5-HT were relatively similar and were 270, 244 and 170 μM respectively. Whereas, when the A-form was inhibited by clorgyline, the Km values for the B-form were found to differ considerably: 330, 42 and 850 μM for tyramine, phenylethylamine and 5-HT respectively.
Asymptotic quasinormal frequencies of d-dimensional Schwarzschild black holes

Abstract We determine the quasinormal frequencies for all gravitational perturbations of the d -dimensional Schwarzschild black hole, in the infinite damping limit. Using the potentials for gravitational perturbations derived recently by Ishibashi and Kodama, we show that in all cases the asymptotic real part of the frequency is proportional to the Hawking temperature with a coefficient of log3. Via the correspondence principle, this leads directly to an equally spaced entropy spectrum. We comment on the possible implications for the spacing of eigenvalues of the Virasoro generator in the associated near-horizon conformal algebra.
Spatial Access and Local Demand for Major Cancer Care Facilities in the United States

The Cancer Centers designated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI Centers) and academic medical centers (AMCs) form the “backbone” of the cancer care system in the United States. We conducted a n...
Structural Basis for the State-Dependent Reactivity of Engineered Cysteines in the Pore of the CFTR Channel

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the only known member of the ATP binding cassette transporter superfamily that functions as an ion channel. Its architecture is analogous to that of ABC exporters such as p-glycoprotein, MsbA and Sav1866, which export their substrates using an alternating access mechanism driven by catalytic cycles coupled to ATP hydrolysis. The opening and closing of the CFTR channel is also driven by ATP catalytic cycles. We studied the state-dependence of the reactivity of three engineered cysteines located at positions 334, 337 and 338 in transmembrane helix 6 (TM6) of CFTR toward externally-applied, thiol-directed reagents, in order to investigate the conformational changes associated with channel gating. The engineered cysteine at position 334 was more reactive in the closed state, consistent with the findings of Zhang et al. (2005; J. Biol. Chem. 280: 41997-42003), while the engineered cysteines at positions 337 and 338 were more reactive in the open state. These findings are consistent with the predictions of homology models of the CFTR channel based on the crystal structures of bacterial homologues captured in inward- and outward-facing states of the proteins. Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, and the American Lung Association.
ON THE MALE OF MONSTRILLA HELGOLANDICA CLAUS (COPEPODA, MONSTRILLOIDA)

ABSTRACT Monstrillacanadensis McMurrich, not M. serricornis Sars, is the male of M. helgolandica Claus. Gallien (1934) reported finding both M. serricornis and M. helgolandica in the same host, but his figures and description of the male in fact represent M. canadensis. Several other reports of M. serricornis are also the results of misidentifications. Both sexes of M. helgolandica are described and illustrated.
With a little help from my friends: Self-interested and prosocial behavior on MySpace Music

In this article, we explore the dynamics of prosocial and self-interested behavior among musicians on MySpace Music. MySpace Music is an important platform for social interactions and at the same time provides musicians with the opportunity for significant profit. We argue that these forces can be in tension with each other, encouraging musicians to make strategic choices about using MySpace to promote their own or others' rewards. We look for evidence of self-interested and prosocial “friending” strategies in the social network created by Top Friends links. We find strong evidence that individual preferences for prosocial and self-interested behavior influence friending strategies. Furthermore, our data illustrate a robust relationship between increased prominence and increased attention to others' rewards. These results shed light on how musicians manage their interactions in complex online environments and extend research on social values by demonstrating consistent preferences for prosocial or self-interested behavior in a multifaceted online setting. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Influence of Positive Affect on the Decision Rule in Risk Situations: Focus on Outcome (and Especially Avoidance of Loss) Rather Than Probability

Abstract Two experiments examined the influence of positive affect on probability estimation and choice. Participants in whom positive affect had been induced, as well as no-manipulation controls, were asked to make both numerical evaluations of verbal probabilities in three-outcome gambles and actual betting decisions about similar gambles. Results from Experiment 1 showed the phenomenon labeledcautious optimism:Positive affect participants significantly overestimated the probabilities associated with phrases for winning relative to their estimates of probability of losing for the same phrases (optimism), while participants in a control condition did not; yet, in actual gambling situations, affect condition participants were much less likely to gamble than were controls when a real loss was possible (caution). Results of the betting task from Experiment 2 further indicated that affect participants used a betting-decision rule that was different from that of controls: They bet less than controls in gambles where potential losses were large, even though probability of loss was small, and they bet more than controls in gambles where the amount of the potential loss was small, even though the probability of loss was moderate or large. These findings suggest that positive affect can promote an overt shift from a decision rule focusing primarily on probabilities to one focusing on utilities or outcome values, especially for losses. Taken together, the results are compatible with an interpretation of the influence of positive affect in terms of an elaboration of positive cognitive material, and purposive behavior in decisions, rather than in terms of mere response bias.
The sampling, handling and storage of materials for trace analysis

Trace and ultra-trace analyses require the most extreme care from the analyst. Too often this care is reflected in an inordinate amount of attention to the instrumentation and a corresponding inattention to sampling, sample stability, sample storage, and chemistry before analysis. For many elements, the control of contamination or sample stabilization, or both, may become the limiting factors in the accuracy of an analysis. Numerous sample handling problems in trace element analysis are described and suggestions are made for the control of these problems. Analogous arguments can be made for similar problems in trace organic analysis. Examples of successful methods of sample handling are taken from relevant research results at the National Bureau of Standards.
An Equilibrium Model of Office Location and Contact Patterns

In this paper, we develop an equilibrium model of office location, which explicitly considers the source of agglomeration economies and which sees firm location and contact patterns as jointly and endogenously determined. We solve the model explicitly for contact-benefit, facility-cost, and transport-cost functions representative of medium-sized US cities. The resulting rent functions are concave rather than convex as they are in most models of industrial and residential location. The source of the concavity is that firms make contacts throughout the central business district (CBD). To determine the role of agglomeration economies associated with interfirm contacts, we alter the contact-benefit function, the transport-cost function and the size of the CBD. We find that agglomeration economies have a strong effect on location and, indeed, are often sufficiently strong to produce counterintuitive results. For example, an increase in transport costs causes a decrease rather than an increase in transport expe...
Histiocytes containing immunoglobulin crystals in the urine of a patient with IgA κ plasmacytoma of the bladder

Exfoliative cytology specimens from patients with plasma cell dyscrasias are rarely diagnostic, though there are reports of neoplastic plasma cells observed in pleural fluid and urine. Immunoglobulin concretions or crystals associated with neoplastic plasma cell populations have been well described. These crystals may be found within plasma cell nuclei or cytoplasm, extracellularly, or within cells of histiocytic lineage where they are presumably derived by phagocytosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of immunoglobulin crystals within histiocytes in the urine of a patient with plasmacytoma. A 61-year-old male underwent routine cystoscopy and urine collection to evaluate hematuria. The bladder biopsy demonstrated IgA κ-producing plasmacytoma. Urine cytopsin preparations did not contain plasma cells, but there were histiocytic cells with degenerative nuclei and eccentrically located cytoplasmic spherical refractile hyaline crystals thought to be immunoglobulin crystals. This was supported by immunocytochemical staining. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:48–51. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Superconducting thorium as a host for 3d, 4f and 5f impurities☆

Abstract Of the elements which superconduct, thorium is the only one which dissolves significant amounts of the potentially magnetic elements of the 3d, 4f, and 5f series. The initial rate of depression of the superconducting transition temperature TC with impurity concentration x is strongest for 3d impurities and weakest for 4f impurities, reflecting an increased degree of localization of the partially filled shells, progressing from 3d to 5f to 4f. The detailed structure of the superconducting- normal phase diagram reveals the character of the interaction between the impurity ions and the conduction electrons. Phase boundaries for representative systems have been measured under hydrostatic pressures to 20 kbar. Of particular interest is Th1−xCrx, where dTC/dx passes through a minimum at about 7 kbar.) In Th1−xErx, for concentrations larger than that necessary for complete suppression of superconductivity, spin glass-type susceptibility anomalies are observed. (For x = 0.44 the “freezing temperature” is below 1 K, attenuated, presumably, by the large Th spin-orbit scattering.)
Concurrent Performance of Gunner's and Robotics Operator's Tasks in a Multitasking Environment

In this study, we simulated a generic mounted crew station environment and conducted an experiment to examine the workload and performance of the combined position of gunner and robotics operator. Results showed that participants' gunnery task performances degraded significantly when he had to concurrently monitor, manage, or teleoperate an unmanned ground vehicle compared to the gunnery single task condition. For the robotics tasks, participants had the lowest performance when using the semi-autonomous robot, indicating overreliance on the aided target recognition capabilities available when task load was heavy (i.e., concurrent performance of the gunnery task). Participants' perceived workload increased consistently as the concurrent task conditions became more challenging. Individual difference factors such as spatial ability and perceived attentional control were found to correlate significantly with some of the performance measures. Implications for military personnel selection were discussed.
Retinoic acid restores normal growth control to a transformed mouse embryo fibroblast cell line

The effects of retinoic acid on a transformed mouse embryo fibroblast cell line (AKR-MCA) were examined. Treatment with retinoic acid restored a non-transformed phenotype to this transformed cell line in a dose dependent manner. Retinoic acid (RA) treated AKR-MCA cells showed a non-transformed morphology, a slower growth rate, and did not grow with anchorage independence. A 38,000 Da protein was phosphorylated to a high degree in the AKR-MCA transformed cell line compared to the non-transformed AKR-2B cell line. RA treatment greatly reduced the level of phosphorylation of this protein in AKR-MCA cells. Growth arrested AKR-MCA cells showed a mitogenic response to nutrient replenishment, but not to epidermal growth factor (EGF). Treatment of AKR-MCA cells with RA restored their ability to respond to EGF while the response to nutrient replenishment was lost. This pattern of growth control was similar to that of the non-transformed AKR-2B cells.
A unitary model of schizophrenia: Bleuler's "fragmented phrene" as schizencephaly.

Finding a unifying concept behind the diversity of signs and symptoms in schizophrenia is a central challenge to contemporary research. A neo-Bleulerian unitary model is described, which defines the illness as a neurodevelopmentally derived "misconnection syndrome," involving connections between cortical regions and the cerebellum mediated through the thalamus (the cortico-cerebellar-thalamic-cortical circuit [CCTCC]). An abnormality in this circuitry, normally used to coordinate both motor and mental activity, leads to misconnections in many aspects of mental activity, or "cognitive dysmetria." As Bleuler originally proposed, "thought disorder" is the primary defining feature of schizophrenia, rather than the more obvious signs and symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Cognitive dysmetria, or a disorder in the CCTCC, may provide a heuristic theoretical framework for strategies to explore etiology, pathophysiology, intervention, or prevention.
Holographic content addressable storage

We have developed a Holographic Content Addressable Storage (HCAS) architecture. The HCAS systems consists of a DMD (Digital Micromirror Array) as the input Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), a CMOS (Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor) sensor as the output photodetector and a photorefractive crystal as the recording media. The HCAS system is capable of performing optical correlation of an input image/feature against massive reference data set stored in the holographic memory. Detailed system analysis will be reported in this paper.
The Effect of Testicle Extract on Animal Neoplasms

It is a well established fact that water or saline extracts of the testes of normal rabbits have the power of enhancing the lesions in various virus diseases. Hoffmann and his collaborators 2 were able to increase the growth rate of Rous chicken “sarcoma” by adding rabbit testicle extract to the inoculum. This finding was not surprising to those who have regarded the Rous chicken “sarcoma” as a lesion more closely related to the virus diseases than to neoplasms. Chiefly because it can be transferred by cell-free filtrates, and because it can be grown heterologously in related species of birds, the classification of this tumor as a true neoplasm has not been generally accepted. None of the true mammalian neoplasms exhibits these two characteristics. It would not be expected, therefore, that the stimulating effect of testicle extract observed with the Rous “sarcoma” would be duplicated in the animal tumors routinely used in cancer research. Nevertheless it seemed worth while to carry out a short series of varied experiments designed to test the action of testicle extracts on several types of these tumors. Experiment 1: The tumor selected for use in this initial experiment was rat sarcoma No. 8. It is a rather slowly growing polymorphic-cell sarcoma which was discovered in a Cysticercus cyst of the liver of a rat in this laboratory in 1915. This tumor was selected for the experiment because of its poor growing power. It seemed that a poorly growing tumor would afford the testicular extract a better opportunity to show its hypothetical growth stimulating action. In the last five hundred rats of the Douredoure strain grafted with rat sarcoma No. 8 in this laboratory the number of takes has averaged 75 per cent and the number of regressions 38 per cent, leaving progressing tumors in but 37 per cent of the grafted animals.
Ranking, selection and multiple comparisons in computer simulations

We present a state-of-the-art review of ranking, selection and multiple-comparison procedures that are used to compare system designs via computer simulation. We describe methods for four classes of problems: screening a large number of system designs, selecting the best system, comparing all systems to a standard and comparing alternatives to a default. Rather than give a comprehensive review, we present the methods we would be likely to use in practice and emphasize recent results. Where possible, we unify the ranking-and-selection and multiple-comparison perspectives.
Postprostatectomy External Beam Irradiation

Background: A significant proportion of patients will be found to have extracapsular disease and/or detectable prostate specific antigen (PSA) values after radical prostatectomy. The role of postoperative radiotherapy to the prostatic tumor bed remains controversial. Methods: Ninety patients were treated at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy after radical prostatectomy. The medium dose to prostatic fossa was 64.0 Gy. Medium follow-up was 28.9 months (from time of prostatectomy). Failure after radiotherapy is defined as a persistently detectable PSA level or the development of a detectable PSA level after radiotherapy. None of the patients received androgen ablative therapy until documented postradiotherapy failure. Presurgical PSA levels, Gleason score, pathological findings at surgery, and preradiotherapy PSA levels were analyzed as predictors of PSA failure. Results: A presurgical PSA of >20.0 ng/ml is associated with PSA failure after radiotherapy (p = 0.0239). Preoperative Gleason score, PSA at time of radiotherapy or pathological findings at surgery do not predict for subsequent PSA failure. Conclusion: Postprostatectomy radiotherapy to the prostatic fossa is unlikely to provide long-term PSA-defined, disease-free survival for patients who undergo prostatectomy with a presurgical PSA of >20 ng/ml. Regardless of findings at surgery, these patients have a high rate of developing PSA failure.
Neurovascular‐anastomosed muscle grafts in rabbits: Functional deficits result from tendon repair

In rabbits, 9 g rectus femoris (RFM) muscles were grafted with tendon repair and with (1) nerves and blood vessels intact, (2) nerves intact and blood vessels anastomosed, or (3) nerves and blood vessels anastomosed. The influences of tendon, nerve, and vascular repair on the functional capabilities of grafts were compared 15-120 days after grafting. Data were collected on the mass, total protein content, oxidative capacity, maximum force development, and fatigability of grafts and control RFM muscles. When stabilized 90-120 days after grafting, mean values for the three types of grafts were not significantly different. Compared with values for control RFM muscles, each type of graft had significantly lower mean values for mass, total protein content, and maximum force, but the grafts were more resistant to fatigue. In RFM grafts, nerve and vascular repair do not contribute significantly to the impairments. Consequently, tendon repair appears to be responsible for the major functional deficits.
Microstructure of neutron irradiation-induced defects in sintered and siliconized SiC

High voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) and X-ray diffractometry were used to examine the microstructure of boron sintered SiC and reaction bonded siliconized SiC doped with natural boron and with boron enriched in 10B and 11B to study the effect of helium gas from the 10B(n,α)7 Li reaction. X-ray studies show that both types of SiC exhibit a 1% swelling in the unit cell as contrasted with 3% macroscopic swelling. Analysis of the diffraction peaks produced strong evidence confirming the beta to alpha phase shift in the reaction bonded material. A Warren-Averbach analysis of the peak profiles of the irradiated 10B sintered material shows a crystallite size of 150 nm and a strain in the crystal of ~0.43%. Reaction bonded SiC is characterized by planar defects in the form of large loops (10–200 nm) and dislocation tangles for all irradiation levels regardless of dopant. Boron sintered SiC has many helium associated defects which appear as symmetric strain field structures of 40 to 90 nm dimensions. After annealing at 1773°K, the microstructure of reaction bonded SiC does not change significantly while the strain fields in the boron sintered SiC disappear.
Recommendations for Implementing Tango Classes for Persons with Parkinson Disease

Several studies have recently been published regarding the physical and emotional benefits of Argentine tango dance for individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). These papers focused on the effects of tango interventions rather than methods used to implement and deliver the interventions. The focus of the present paper is on methods for implementing PD-specific tango programs, to facilitate safe and appropriate implementation of community-based partnered dance programs for this population. We report successful methods for an Argentine Tango-based class, but these recommendations could be applicable to other partnered dances.
Magic-Angle-Spinning NMR Magnet Development: Field Analysis and Prototypes

We are currently working on a program to complete a 1.5 T/75 mm RT bore magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance magnet. The magic-angle-spinning magnet comprises a z -axis 0.866-T solenoid and an x-axis 1.225-T dipole, each to be wound with NbTi wire and operated at 4.2 K in persistent mode. A combination of the fields creates a 1.5-T field pointed at 54.74 degrees (magic angle) from the rotation (z) axis. In the first year of this 3-year program, we have completed magnetic analysis and design of both coils. Also, using a winding machine of our own design and fabrication, we have wound several prototype dipole coils with NbTi wire. As part of this development, we have repeatedly made successful persistent NbTi-NbTi joints with this multifilamentary NbTi wire.
Determination of tho2 in thoriated tungsten wire

Abstract Dissolution of a thoriated tungsten wire in a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acids followed by a sodium hydroxide separation of tungsten and EDTA titration of the thorium is used as an improved method for the determination of thorium in thoriated tungsten wire
THE ROLE OF CINEFLUOROGRAPHY IN CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE.

F luoroscopy, because it permits a study of motion, has alwavs been an essential part of the diagnostic armamentarium of the clinical cardiologist. The usefulness of conventional fluoroscopy, however, is limited by the lack of a permanent record for systematic study. Therefore, fluoroscopic interpretations are highly personal. The interpretation must be accepted by others on faith or rejected; rarely can it be debated or modified in light of new clinical developments. Consequently, it is not uncommon for patients to be subjected to the potential hazard of irradiation from repeated fluoroscopic examinations. The inability to obtain a permanent record virtually excludes the application of fluoroscopy to contrast studies of the cardiovascular system. The passage of opaque medium is usually too rapid and the events too fleeting to be followed by the fluoroscopist. One of the exciting advances of the last decade is the development of a means for intensifying the brightness of the fluoroscopic image. The image may be made bright enough to be photographed for subsequent analysis or to be presented, with improved contrast, on a television monitor for group viewing in subdued light. Intensification of the brightness of the fluoroscopic image has been accomplished in a number of different ways. The most widely used method is by means of all x-ray image-intensifier tube. Basically, such a tube (Fig. 1) consists of an evacuated glass envelope with an input phosphor (A) and an output phosphor (C). This output phosphor is backed with a thin layer of aluminmn (B) to prevent light from returning to the input phosphor. The photons of the s-ray beam (D) that pass through the patient are absorbed b>r the input phosphor, and a light image is produced. A photo-cathode layer (E), placed in intimate contact with the input phosphor, emits electrons, the point intensity XI1 d spatial distribution of which are proportional to the local brightness of the initial image. Thus, an electron image is created. The electrons (F) are accelerated in their movement down the length of the tube by electrical potentials applied to cylindrical electrodes (G) in the tube and impinge on the output-phosphor layer which acts as the anode. A visible image is therefore produced ou the output phosphor, duplicating the pattern of that originally present on the input fluorescent layer. Because of the acceleration of the electrons within the tube, the brightness of the image on the output phosphor is many times greater than the original
A qualitative and quantitative model for climate-driven lake formation on carbonate platforms based on examples from the Bahamian archipelago

Lakes on carbonate platform islands such as the Bahamas display wide variability in morphometry, chemistry, and fauna. These parameters are ultimately driven by climate, sea level, and carbonate accumulation and dissolution. The authors propose a model that integrates climatological, geomorphological, and stratigraphic frameworks to understand processes of carbonate-hosted lake formation and limnological characteristics in modern day environments, with applications to carbonate lake sedimentary records. Fifty-two lakes from San Salvador Island and Eleuthera, Bahamas, were examined for water chemistry, basin morphology, conduit development, conductivity, and major ions. Using non-metric, multi-dimensional scaling ordination methods, the authors derived a model dividing lakes into either constructional or destructional formational modes. Constructional lakes were further divided into pre-highstand and highstand types based on whether their formation occurred during a marine regressive or transgressive phase. Destructional lakes are created continually by dissolution of bedrock at fresh/saline water interfaces and their formation is therefore related to changing climate and sea level. This model shows that lake formation is influenced by the hydrologic balance associated with climatic conditions that drives karst dissolution as well as the deposition of aeolian dune ridges that isolate basins due to sea-level fluctuations. It allows for testing and examining the climatic and hydrologic regime as related to carbonate accumulation and dissolution through time, and for an improved understanding of lake sensitivity and response to climate as preserved in the lacustrine sedimentary record.
Pharyngostomy tubes for gastric conduit decompression

Objective This article illustrates our operative technique for pharyngostomy tube placement and describes our clinical experience with pharyngostomy use for gastric conduit decompression after esophagectomy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing pharyngostomy tube placement for gastric conduit decompression after esophagectomy from January 2008 to August 2009. Patients were included if they had a pharyngostomy tube placed at esophagectomy (prophylactic placement) or as a means of decompression after postesophagectomy anastomotic leak (therapeutic placement). We collected operative and clinical data and performed a descriptive statistical analysis. Results We placed 25 pharyngostomy tubes for gastric conduit decompression after esophagectomy. Eleven were placed prophylactically (44%); the remaining 14 were placed therapeutically (56%) after anastomotic leak. Prophylactic pharyngostomy tubes remained in place a median of 8 days (range 4–17 days), whereas therapeutic pharyngostomy tubes were left in place a median of 15 days (range 7–125 days). There were 4 infectious complications (16%) unrelated to length of pharyngostomy use: 2 cases of cellulitis (resolved with antibiotics, tube remaining in place) and 2 superficial abscesses after tube removal requiring bedside debridement. Seventy-two percent of patients underwent swallow evaluation; 22% of these patients had radiographic evidence of aspiration. Conclusions Pharyngostomy tube placement for gastric conduit decompression after esophagectomy is simple, and tubes can stay in place for prolonged periods. Our experience suggests that pharyngostomy tubes are a safe alternative to nasogastric drainage.
Localized excited states observed in superconducting quench-condensed and annealed manganese-doped zinc films

We have measured the electron-tunneling characteristics of a dilute, superconducting zinc-manganese alloy, both for a quench-condensed thin film and for one annealed at room temperature. The ac-conductance curve of the annealed film showed a well-defined structure in the energy gap corresponding to localized states predicted by the theory of Shiba and Rusinov or that of M\"uller-Hartmann and Zittartz. The observed band was broader than predicted. The ac conductance of the quench-condensed film showed an even broader structure. The annealed film's density of states at zero energy agreed reasonably well with that calculated from critical-field measurements of Smith on bulk Zn-Mn.