cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Anatomy and Physiology

The general body plan and external structures for the Solifugae are shown in Figures 1–2, 1–3, and 2–1. The body possesses a diverse array of spines and setae which vary among different genera and species (Figure 1–1). The body is divided into an anterior region known as the prosoma (cephalothorax) and a posterior region or opisthosoma (abdomen). The prosoma typically consists of eight segments and comprises the head, mouthparts, pedipalps, and walking appendages (Figure 2–1). The dorsal surface of the head has the appearance of an arched, shield-like plate (prosomal carapace or prodorsum) bearing a pair of median eyes on a midline prominence (ocular tubercle) located at the center of the anterior edge of the propeltidium in close proximity to the site of insertion of the chelicerae. The prosomal or anterior carapace (Figure 1–2) is divided into at least three sclerites (propeltidium, mesopeltidium, metapeltidium) which appear to correspond to the segmentation of the prosoma in more primitive groups such as the Xiphosura and Schizomida (Van der Hammen, 1985).
Replies to Symposiasts on The View from Here

Contribution to Symposium on The View from Here By R. Jay Wallace, University of California, Berkeley Replies I wrote The View from Here (henceforth VfH) in a spirit of exploration. I took as my starting point some well-known (if seldom discussed) reflections about the relations between justification, regret, and affirmation in Williams’s paper “Moral Luck”. But in developing my reflections from this starting point, I found myself quickly entering territory that is poorly charted to date. The book is meant as an invitation to the philosophical community to join me in exploring this territory, and I am grateful to my four commentators for their willingness to take up the invitation. In what follows I offer some responses to their trenchant and provocative comments and objections, organized under four thematic headings. 1. The Nature and Objects of Affirmation The book distinguished between two different kinds of affirmation: conditional affirmation, which screens out background conditions of the immediate object that is affirmed, and unconditional affirmation, which carries a commitment to affirming the conditions of its proper object. An example of the former is the attitude we take toward the heroic actions of the firefighters who rescue potential victims of the conflagration; in preferring that their heroic actions should have been performed, we are not in the same way affirming the fire that made them possible. The young mother, by contrast, in affirming the child whom she loves, also
The New New Civil Wars

Post-2003 civil wars are different from previous civil wars in three striking ways. First, most of them are situated in Muslim-majority countries. Second, most of the rebel groups fighting these wars espouse radical Islamist ideas and goals. Third, most of these radical groups are pursuing transnational rather than national aims. Current civil war theories can explain some of what is going on, but not everything. In this article, I argue that the transformation of information technology, especially the advent of the Web 2.0 in the early 2000s, is the big new innovation that is likely driving many of these changes. I offer a theory to explain why rebel groups, especially those in Muslim countries, have chosen to pursue a particular type of extreme ideology and goals. I then identify the six big implications this new information environment is likely to have for rebel behavior in the future. Innovations in information and communication technology are currently manifesting themselves in the rise of global Ji...
5 – Antiviral Susceptibility Testing Using DNA-DNA Hybridization

This chapter focuses on the use of a newly developed DNA-DNA hybridization assay as it applies to susceptibility testing of herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolates. Numerous procedures have been described for testing the susceptibility of viruses to antiviral agents. All antiviral susceptibility assays require viral replication in a suitable host cell. Each assay employs a different method for measuring the activity of an antiviral agent against the replication of the virus. The inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) or plaque formation; a decrease in the production of viral antigens, enzyme activities, or total virus yield; a reduction in viral nucleic acid synthesis; and the inhibition of cell transformation are parameters that are monitored in an in vitro system. Two commonly employed methods for antiviral susceptibility testing of HSV isolates are the plaque reduction and dye uptake assays. The plaque reduction assay has long been considered the standard method used to determine the suceptibiltiy of all cytopathogenic viruses to antiviral agents. As the use and number of effective antiviral drugs increases, a definite need will arise for antiviral susceptibility testing, particularly when patients fail to respond to appropriate therapy.
III-N heterostructure devices for low-power logic

Future generations of ultra-scaled logic may require alternative device technologies to transcend the limitations of Si CMOS; in particular, power dissipation constraints in aggressively-scaled, highly-integrated systems make device concepts capable of achieving switching slopes (SS) steeper than 60 mV/decade especially attractive. Tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs) are one such device technology alternative. While a great deal of research into TFETs based on Si, Ge, and narrow band gap III-Vs has been reported, these approaches each face significant challenges. An alternative approach based on the use of III-N wide band gap semiconductors in conjunction with polarization engineering offers potential advantages in terms of drain current density and switching slope. In this talk, the prospects for III-N based TFETs for logic will be discussed, including both simulation projections as well as experimental progress.
Inhibitory Blocking with Successive Stimulus Presentations

The possibility of a previously established inhibitor blocking the acquisition of inhibitory control by another stimulus was investigated using successive stimulus presentations rather than the simultaneous technique that has been used in most other blocking studies. Rats were first trained on a two-stimulus successive discrimination task. They were then given a second task with three stimuli, again presented in succession. The main concern was with discriminative responding to the novel S + and S- of Task 2 as a function of the nature of the third stimulus which was always an S +. When the third stimulus was the S- from Task 1, and exerted inhibitory control during Task 2, learning not to respond to the current S- was retarded relative to groups for which the third stimulus was either the S + from Task 1 or was novel. However, when the S- from Task 1 failed to exert inhibitory control during Task 2, no such retardation occurred. A second experiment ruled out the possibility that the effect was due simply to a change in status of the third stimulus from S- to S +. These results were discussed in terms of an explanation of blocking holding that surprising events produce stronger conditioning than expected events.
High-performance nanoscale topological inductor

Despite being an important constituent of a variety of RF and voltage regulating circuits, on-chip inductors have failed to scale at the same rapid pace as other components such as capacitors and transistors. This failure is largely due to the bulky spiral geometry that is needed for planar device fabrication, which results in low inductance densities. Ultimately, an alternative design paradigm using new phenomena and materials is necessary to achieve the miniaturization and performance goals for the future of these vital components. Here, we present a novel inductor design that achieves high performance by utilizing the surface states of 3D time-reversal-invariant (TRI) topological insulators (TIs).
Natural History Collections: Teaching about Biodiversity Across Time, Space, and Digital Platforms

Natural history collections offer unique physical and virtual opportunities for formal and informal progressive learning. Collections are unique data in that they each represent a biological record at a single place and time that cannot be obtained by any other method. Collections-based experiences lead to an increased understanding of and substantive interaction with the living world. Global biological diversity and changes in that diversity are directly tracked through specimens in collections, regardless of whether changes are ancient or recent. We discuss how collections, specimens, and the data associated with them, can be critical components linking nature and scientific inquiry. Specimens are the basic tools for educating students and interested citizens through direct or virtual contact with the diversity of collections. Such interactions include instruction in a formal classroom setting, volunteering to gather and curate collections, and informal presentations at coffee shops. We emphasize how the recent surge in specimen-based digitization initiatives has resulted in unprecedented access to a wealth of biodiversity information and how this availability vastly expands the reach of natural history collections. The emergence of online databases enables scientists and the public to utilize the specimens and associated data contained in natural history collections to address global, regional, and local issues related to biodiversity in a way that was unachievable a decade ago.
Efeito da prática de ioga na qualidade de vida de idosos

O envelhecimento e um fenomeno natural e fisiologico dos seres vivos, muitas vezes associado a pontos negativos, como degeneracoes, atrofias, limitacoes e dores. A ioga, muitas vezes, e usada como uma forma terapeutica que auxilia em recuperacoes e na manutencao da saude e vem sendo uma boa ajuda para melhorar a qualidade de vida de idosos, minimizando os fatores negativos do envelhecimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se houve melhoras na qualidade de vida de idosos por meio da pratica de ioga. Este estudo, caracterizado como descritivo-comparativo, foi composto por uma amostra final de 44 idosos entre 65 e 80 anos de idade, divididos em grupo experimental e grupo controle. Todos os idosos foram submetidos aos questionarios Whoqol-old e Whoqol-bref para avaliacao da qualidade de vida, e o grupo experimental foi submetido a aulas de ioga duas vezes por semana durante 10 semanas. Foram apresentadas diferencas estatisticamente significativas nas facetas Habilidades Sensoriais; Participacao Social; Atividades Passadas, Presentes e Futuras; e Intimidade. Apesar de as outras facetas nao apresentarem o mesmo resultado, houve um pequeno aumento nas variaveis analisadas.
Original research article First trimester surgical abortion practices: a survey of National Abortion Federation members

The objective of this study was to survey first trimester surgical abortion practices of North American providers. A survey was mailed to the 310 active member clinics of the National Abortion Federation, the professional organization of abortion providers in North America. The 236 respondents (76%) comprising the study group provided approximately 30% and 33% of all first trimester abortions in the US and Canada, respectively. Of the 529 practitioners who perform most abortions at the clinics, 68% are obstetrician-gynecologists, and 18% are family physicians; 51% are at least 50 years old. The majority of respondents (156 of 236, 66%) confirm gestational age with ultrasonography. Of the 202 clinics that favor one method of anesthesia, 58% use local cervical block with or without oral pre-medication, 32% combine local anesthesia with intravenous sedation, and 10% use general anesthesia. Most clinics open the cervix with tapered dilators (207 of 233, 89%), evacuate the uterus by using curved rigid plastic cannulas (157 of 229, 69%) and an electric vacuum source (191 of 233, 82%), and explore the uterus with a metal curette following aspiration (133 of 232, 57%). A large majority of respondents examine the uterine aspirate on-site (91%), prescribe antibiotics (91%), and offer oral contraceptives (95%) when requested. Although variations exist, surgical techniques and postoperative practices are quite uniform among clinics. Local anesthesia is presently the most frequent method of pain control. Ultrasonographic dating before abortion is common practice. The “graying” of skilled practitioners raises concerns about the future availability of abortion. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Guanylate cyclase-activating protein 2 contributes to phototransduction and light adaptation in mouse cone photoreceptors.

Light adaptation of photoreceptor cells is mediated by Ca2+-dependent mechanisms. In darkness, Ca2+ influx through cGMP-gated channels into the outer segment of photoreceptors is balanced by Ca2+ extrusion via Na+/Ca2+, K+ exchangers (NCKXs). Light activates a G protein signaling cascade, which closes cGMP-gated channels and decreases Ca2+ levels in photoreceptor outer segment because of continuing Ca2+ extrusion by NCKXs. Guanylate cyclase–activating proteins (GCAPs) then up-regulate cGMP synthesis by activating retinal membrane guanylate cyclases (RetGCs) in low Ca2+. This activation of RetGC accelerates photoresponse recovery and critically contributes to light adaptation of the nighttime rod and daytime cone photoreceptors. In mouse rod photoreceptors, GCAP1 and GCAP2 both contribute to the Ca2+-feedback mechanism. In contrast, only GCAP1 appears to modulate RetGC activity in mouse cones because evidence of GCAP2 expression in cones is lacking. Surprisingly, we found that GCAP2 is expressed in cones and can regulate light sensitivity and response kinetics as well as light adaptation of GCAP1-deficient mouse cones. Furthermore, we show that GCAP2 promotes cGMP synthesis and cGMP-gated channel opening in mouse cones exposed to low Ca2+. Our biochemical model and experiments indicate that GCAP2 significantly contributes to the activation of RetGC1 at low Ca2+ when GCAP1 is not present. Of note, in WT mouse cones, GCAP1 dominates the regulation of cGMP synthesis. We conclude that, under normal physiological conditions, GCAP1 dominates the regulation of cGMP synthesis in mouse cones, but if its function becomes compromised, GCAP2 contributes to the regulation of phototransduction and light adaptation of cones.
Enhanced striatal dopamine release to expectation of alcohol: a potential risk factor for Alcohol Use Disorder

Abstract Background We used PET imaging with [ 11 C]raclopride to examine the effects of consumption of alcohol or placebo beverage by participants with alcohol use disorder (AUD) compared to healthy participants with and without family history of AUD. We sought to assess dopamine release following alcohol exposure in relation to AUD risk. Methods Three groups were enrolled: participants with AUD (n = 15), and healthy participants with family history negative (FHN, n=34) or positive (FHP, n=16) for AUD. Participants consumed placebo (n = 65) or alcohol (n = 63) beverage in counterbalanced order prior to PET scanning (128 scans). Binding potential (BP ND ) in the two drink conditions and the percent change ΔBP ND between conditions were evaluated across striatal subregions. Subjective effects of beverage consumption were rated. Effects of group, drink order, and sex were evaluated. Results Alcohol resulted in greater dopamine release than placebo in the ventral striatum (VST) (p ND or ΔBP ND . However there was a drink order by group interaction (p = .02) whereby FHP participants who received placebo first had both lower placebo BP ND and less difference between placebo and alcohol BP ND than all other groups, consistent with expectation of alcohol powerfully evoking dopamine release in this group. Subjective responses showed the same order by group interaction. Conclusions Hyperresponsivity of the dopaminergic system in FHP participants to expectation of alcohol may contribute to the expression of familial risk for AUD.
Predicting Price/Performance Trade-offs for Whitney: A Commodity Computing Cluster

We couple simple performance models with pricing to optimize the design of clusters built from commodity components for scientific computing. We apply this technique using the NAS Parallel Benchmarks as a representative workload. We develop models of the BT, LU, and SP benchmarks. The models consist of closed form expressions based on problem size, number of processors, and three measured quantities (single processor performance, network latency, and network bandwidth). These models predict benchmark performance to within 30%. This technique was used in the design of Whitney, a commodity computing cluster at NASA Ames Research Center. In particular, for systems costing less than d1,000,000, the performance characteristics of Intel Pentium processors are better matched to the slower (and less expensive) Fast Ethernet, than to the faster (and more expensive) Myricom Myrinet.
Theory of DEA Models

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) developed originally as a set of techniques for measuring the relative efficiency of a set of decisionmaking units (DMUs), when the price data for inputs and outputs are either unavailable or unknown. These techniques are nonparametric in the sense that they are entirely based on the observed input-output data. The statistical aspects of the data set are almost ignored by the traditional DEA models and in this sense they are far from nonparametric. Over the last two decades the DEA models have been widely applied in management science and operations research literature and the theoretical formulations of DEA have been generalized in several directions as follows: (i) Various types of DEA models have been formulated which clarify the concepts of technical and allocative efficiency and their link with the concept of Pareto efficiency in economic theory, (ii) Log-linear and nonlinear formulations have extended the linear DEA models, and generalized the concepts of increasing, decreasing or constant returns to scale as applied to multiple-output and multiple-input cases, and (iii) Sources of inefficiency identified through the DEA models have been incorporated in regression models in various ways.
Ontology and Methodology in Analytic Philosophy

This chapter provides a survey of ontology in the analytic tradition with a special focus on the reasons for the reemergence of ontology in the 1970s. Beginning with the ontological views of Frege and Russell, the chapter discusses the origin of some central methodological tendencies in the tradition. The interplay between logical considerations and intuitive or common sense reasoning are discussed in detail. Some discussion of the anti-metaphysical views which figure prominently in the tradition are discussed. The chapter concludes by examining some recent developments.
Effect of Exogenous Glutathione, Glutathione Reductase, Chlorine Dioxide, and Chlorite on Osmotic Fragility of Rat Blood In Vitro:

Chlorine dioxide (CIO2), chlorite (CIO-2), and chlorate (CIO-3) in drinking water decreased blood glutathione and RBC osmotic fragility in vivo. The osmotic fragility and glutathione content were a...
Total-energy local-density studies of the alpha - gamma phase transition in Ce.

The ground-state properties of Ce metal are investigated using total-energy full-potential linearized augmented plane wave and linearized muffin-tin orbital band-structure methods within the local spin-density functional approximation. The energetics involved in the \ensuremath{\alpha}-\ensuremath{\gamma} phase transition are determined and discussed. For both paramagnetic and ferromagnetic cases, the electronic structures, density of states, charge densities, and total energies are presented as a function of the lattice parameter in order to assess the nature of the transformation with pressure, associated with a Mott-type transition in the 4f electrons. Stoner factor and electron-phonon coupling parameters are evaluated in order to discuss the magnetic and superconducting properties of Ce metal under pressure.
Do biological legacies moderate the effects of forest harvesting on soil microbial community composition and soil respiration

Abstract Ecological forestry is a management approach that uses natural disturbance processes as models for designing silvicultural prescriptions that restore or sustain ecosystem biodiversity and function in actively managed forests. We evaluated how a novel ecologically-based multi-cohort silvicultural treatment affects the soil microbial community (SMC) and tested whether supplemental dead wood in the form of girdled trees alters these effects. We also tested SMC function by measuring soil CO2 flux over multiple growing seasons, and examined if these patterns were related to soil microbial groups. Our experimental harvests were conducted in second-growth northern hardwood forests in northern Wisconsin, USA. Treatments included a modified shelterwood harvest (SH), a shelterwood harvest plus dead wood supplementation (SH + CWD), and an unharvested control; here we report responses three to five years post-treatment. The SMC composition (determined using PLFA) in both harvests was significantly different from the control, a difference driven by greater bacterial abundance in the harvested areas, and particularly by gram negative bacteria in SH. Microbial community composition was not significantly different between the two harvests (SH and SH + CWD). Total soil respiration was significantly lower in SH than in the control and SH + CWD treatments, a difference most likely driven by a reduction of the autotrophic respiration component in SH treatments due to harvesting, while in the SH + CWD treatment roots from living girdled trees contributed to autotrophic soil respiration. The relationship between the SMC and soil respiration varied with treatment and season. In general, soil respiration in the unharvested controls was most significantly correlated with microbes that relate to autotrophic respiration sources, while respiration in SH + CWD was most significantly correlated with heterotrophic microbes. These results indicate that, although the SMC composition was affected by forest harvesting practices incorporating live and dead biological legacies, supplementing the number of standing dead trees through girdling and felling maintained SMC function, as measured through total soil respiration, an indicator of some important aspects of ecosystem function.
Atomic insight into concurrent He, D, and T sputtering and near-surface implantation of 3C-SiC crystallographic surfaces

Abstract We present results from atomistic simulations of sputtering and near-surface implantation of concurrent He, D, and T bombardment of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC). This is achieved by first establishing a many-body interatomic potential parameter set to treat interactions of He and hydrogenic species in 3C-SiC informed by ab-initio calculations. To obtain sputtering yields we perform both classical molecular dynamics and binary collision approximation simulations for normal incident particles having energies ranging from 25 to 800 eV. We find that due to differences in species surface binding energy of various crystallographic surfaces in 3C-SiC, the sputtering yield of Si is significantly less than that of C, but sputtering yields show limited sensitivity to crystallographic surface orientation. An exception to this occurs when the terminating crystallographic surface plane is more rich in Si rather than C, resulting in comparable sputtering yields of Si and C. The influence of temperature on sputtering is explored and shows limited effect. Finally, the nature of implanted He, D, and T within 3C-SiC surfaces is investigated to understand implantation profiles and stability of defects.
A Path to Community Self-Determination: Examining the Stakeholders in the Future of South Sudan

This paper will examine the concept of self-determination within South Sudan now that independence has been achieved. A new framework will be proposed that outlines a different understanding of the term to include communities as the focus of rights and development. Communities in South Sudan, often with the assistance of diasporic communities and NGOs, have often had to self-determine their course of development as a means of survival during times of conflict, particularly when operating in a region that had a barely developed infrastructure. A brief historical overview will be provided of the concept of self-determination within the context of South Sudan. The analysis will focus on three stakeholders in the development of South Sudan: the South Sudanese citizens, the diaspora, and international organizations operating in the country. Based on this analysis, an argument will be made to propose that it is communities that should guide the future of the country. This is particularly important given the migratory history of the population (the diaspora, refugees and internally displaced persons), and the increasing number of foreign entities operating in the region, both to provide assistance in development as well as corporations that are investing in natural resources.
Inverse laplace transformation of rational functions. 1

The Laplace transform is one of an array of integral transforms gathered under the topic of operational mathematics. Laplace transform and the Fourier transform are the two integral transforms most utilized by the typical physicist or engineer. Rediscovered more than two centuries ago by P.S. de Laplace - Euler discovered it first - the Laplace transform has enjoyed a prominent place in scientists' and engineers' toolboxes for only the past 60-or-so years. It is the "modern" form of Heaviside's operational calculus, placing his calculus on firm mathematical ground and extending its rules and methods. The case for the inverse transformation when H(s) is rational is discussed
Compressive Informative Sparse Representation-Based Power Quality Events Classification

Power quality (PQ) events are referred to any abnormal deviation from the standard sinusoidal behavior of power signals within a power system. PQ events are usually studied by tracking the behavior of voltage signals over observation points of the system. IEEE Standards have defined standard categories for PQ events based on their time behavior. Each class of these events may have different level of importance from different contributors’ perspective (utilities, system operators, or costumers). Due to increasing the usage of sensitive technological loads such as transportation, banking systems, and databases on one hand in addition to the uncertainty injected to the system from aggregation of renewables on the other hand, the fast and reliable PQ events classification is an important monitoring task in the future smart grid. In this paper, combining the theory of sparse recovery with a new high-dimensional convex hull approximation framework we have developed a fast, reliable, and adaptive PQ events classification methodology named “compressive-informative sparse representation-based” PQ events classifier. Unlike usual classification approaches, the proposed classifier does not need any training procedure while due to its linear mathematical formulation acts inherently fast. Moreover, it can be easily adapted to recognize the challenging combined PQ events in addition to any permanent change in the behavior of PQ patterns.
Solvatochromism and time-resolved fluorescence of the antitumor agent mitoxantrone and its analogues in solution and in DNA

The electronic spectroscopy and fluorescence kinetics of 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-(2-(2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)-9,10-anthracenedione (mitoxantrone) and three closely related analogues have been studied in several solvents. The small solvatochromic blue shifts of their visible charge-transfer absorption bands in protic solvents are dominated by interactions with a solvent H-bonding donor, rather than by dipole-dielectric solute-solvent electrostatics. These interactions are unrelated to the phenolic hydroxy groups or the distal N atoms on the side chains but must be localized to the carbonyl groups. The fluorescence decays of all four anthraquinones are controlled by subnanosecond nonradiative relaxation in all solvents studied. At least two decay mechanisms contribute to the observed fluorescence kinetics in solution: (a) subnanosecond internal conversion that is accelerated relative to that in 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone by the presence of the flexible 1,4-side chains in mitoxantrone and its analogues; (b) an additional decay mode that is accentuated in H-bonding solvents. A substantial normal isotope effect occurs in the fluorescence lifetimes of mitoxantrone in perdeuterated water and methanol but not in aprotic solvents. When bound to double-stranded calf thymus DNA, mitoxantrone displays a fluorescence lifetime similar to that in aprotic solvents, suggesting that H-bonding interactions with water are precluded by chromophore intercalation. DNA-bound ametantrone exhibits a lifetime longer than thatmore » in either H-bonding or aprotic solvents, indicating that immobilization of the side chains through binding of the distal N atoms to the DNA backbone may influence the decay kinetics. This technique therefore shows potential for elucidating the DNA binding modes for a large class of intercalative drugs.« less
A performance guarantee for adaptive estimation of sparse signals

This paper studies adaptive sensing for estimating the nonzero amplitudes of a sparse signal. We consider a previously proposed optimal two-stage policy for allocating sensing resources. We derive an upper bound on the mean squared error resulting from the optimal two-stage policy and a corresponding lower bound on the improvement over non-adaptive sensing. It is shown that the adaptation gain is related to the detectability of nonzero signal components as characterized by a Bhattacharyya coefficient, thus quantifying analytically the dependence on the sparsity level of the signal, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the sensing resource budget. The bound is shown to be a good approximation to the optimal two-stage gain through numerical simulations.
The chemical components and its change of the essential oil of the crude and parched seed of Thlaspi arvense L. by GC-MS

OBJECTIVE To analyze the chemical constituents and their change of the volatile oil from the crude and parched seed of Thlaspi arvense L.METHODS The volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation,and chemical constituents were separated and identified by GC-MS.The relative content of each constituent was determined by area normalization.RESULTS 47 compounds have been identified from the two kinds of oil.There were 32 compounds representing 99.38% of the total relative contents of the volatile oil in crude seed,in which the main constituents were allyl isothiocyanate and 1-butene,4-isothiocyanato-with relative content 69.70%.While there were 31 compounds representing 98.21% of the total relative contents of the volatile oil in parched seed,in which the main constituent was cyanide with relative content 79.36%.In contrast with the crude seed,the contents of volatile oil seed and most compounds in the oil of parched seed were reduced.16 Compounds have changed in the oil of crude seed,which have not been identified,while 15 new compounds have been identified.The sorts of aromatic compounds were more than before.The total content of allyl isothiocyanate and 1-butene,4-isothiocyanato reduced from 391.49 ml·kg-1 to 5.39 ml·kg-1.CONCLUSION The parching could have great effect on the chemical constituents and contents of the volatile oil of the seed of Thlaspi arvense L.
Introduction: The ‘MacKenzian Moment’ Past and Present

John MacKenzie changed how British imperial history is conceived, researched, and written about. The evolution from the understanding of the British Empire as something that the dominant metropolis imposed upon the colonial periphery to something that had, via culture rather than political or military power, a massive impact upon that selfsame metropolis, has been enormous. MacKenzie’s work, however, has not gone unchallenged, and this volume will both explore critiques and introduce some notes of nuance into his approach.
Stress Relaxation via Covalent Dynamic Bonds in Nanogel-Containing Thiol–Ene Resins

Functional nanogels are attractive additives for use in polymer composites. In this study, nanogels with internal allyl sulfide moieties throughout their network structure were prepared via a thiol...
Sleep-Related Cognitive/Behavioral Predictors of Sleep Quality and Relapse in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder

Little is known about cognitive and behavioral predictors of sleep quality and relapse among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using the social cognitive theory (SCT), we assessed sleep-related behaviors and cognitions, sleep quality, and relapse to drinking among individuals with AUD transitioning from inpatient to outpatient settings. Individuals (n = 149) seeking treatment for AUD were recruited during their inpatient stay. Self-efficacy for sleep, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, sleep-related behaviors, sleep quality, and relapse were assessed. Objective (actigraphy) assessment of sleep efficiency and duration was measured using actigraphy. Multiple logistic regression models tested whether self-reported sleep quality or sleep-related beliefs/behavior predicted relapse. Repeated measures linear mixed modeling tested whether there was a change over time in sleep quality as well as the relationships between self-efficacy, sleep-related beliefs, sleep behaviors, sleep quality, and relapse. In our sample, self-efficacy for sleep, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, and sleep-related behavior were all significantly associated with both sleep quality and relapse. Controlling for pre-discharge sleep-related behaviors (SRBQ) and actigraphy-recorded average sleep time during the first week post-discharge, married participants had lower odds of relapse compared with non-married patients (p = 0.048, OR = 0.119, 95% CI 0.015–0.983). Patients with lower self-efficacy for sleep (SES) scores (p < 0.001) and higher CPRS anxiety scores (p < 0.001) had higher PSQI scores. Our results highlight the importance of self-efficacy and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep as predictors of sleep quality and relapse among individuals with AUD and the utility of the SCT as a sleep research framework.
Team Failure and the Creative Process: The Effect of Team Failure and Reflexivity on Creativity

Teams in organizations often experience failures in pursuit of creative team and organizational goals. Experiencing a creative failure can disrupt important team processes that can decrease team mo...
Prevalence and nutrient composition of menu offerings targeted to customers with dietary restrictions at US fast casual and full-service restaurants.

Objective: To examine the prevalence and nutrient composition of menu offerings targeted to customers with dietary restrictions at US fast casual and full-service chain restaurants. Design: We used 2018 data from MenuStat, a database of nutrient information for menu items at large US chain restaurants. Five alternative diets were examined: gluten-free, low-calorie, low-carbohydrate, low-fat and vegetarian. Diet offerings were identified by searching MenuStat item descriptions and reviewing online menus. For each diet, we reported counts and proportions. We used bootstrapped multilevel models to examine differences in predicted mean kilojoules, saturated fat, Na and sugars between diet and non-diet menu items. Setting: Forty-five US fast casual and full-service chain restaurants in 2018 (including 6419 items in initial analytic sample across small plates, salads and main dishes). Participants: None. Results: The most prevalent diets were gluten-free (n 631, 9·8 % of menu items), low-calorie (n 306, 4·8 %) and vegetarian (n 230, 3·6 %). Compared with non-diet counterparts, low-calorie main dishes had significantly lower levels of all nutrients examined and vegetarian main dishes had significantly lower levels of all nutrients except saturated fat. Gluten-free small plates had significantly fewer kilojoules, grams of saturated fat and milligrams of Na compared with non-diet small plates. Conclusions: A small proportion of fast casual and full-service restaurant menus are targeted towards customers with dietary restrictions. Compared with non-diet items, those classified as gluten-free, low-calorie or vegetarian generally have healthier nutrient profiles, but overall nutrient values are still too high for most menu items, regardless of dietary label.
An institutional evaluation of the safety and efficacy of same-day administration of pegfilgrastim in patients receiving chemotherapy for lung cancer

Background: Pegfilgrastim is recommended to be administered 24 hours after myelosuppressive chemotherapy (CTX) as prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced (febrile) neutropenia (CIN/FN). Recent studies have yielded equivocal data on same day versus next day administration of pegfilgrastim. There has been limited real world evidence addressing lung cancer (LC) patients and the use of same day pegfilgrastim. We evaluated our own institutional data on the safety of same day pegfilgrastim administration in LC patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed by searching electronic health records using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes corresponding with a lung cancer diagnosis between November 1, 2013 and August 31, 2018 at The University of Arizona Cancer Center (UACC). Patients included in the study were 18 years of age or older, diagnosed with biopsyconfirmed lung cancer, treated at UACC, and receiving chemotherapy and pegfilgrastim on the same day. The outcomes of interest included FN incidence after the first cycle and across all cycles of CTX, CIN grade 3/4 and CTX dose delays or hospitalizations due to CIN/FN after first cycle and across all cycles of CTX. Results: 1,181 patient records were reviewed and 114 patients met the inclusion criteria;87 (76%) patients had non-small cell LC and 27 (24%) patients had small cell LC. The median age was 68 years, 52% of patients had cancer stage of 3 to 4, and 63% of patients had 0-1 ECOG status. The FN risk assessment was mild in 72% of patients. The mean (SD) of baseline absolute neutrophil count was 5.68 (3.09). In total 384 CTX cycles were received. The table shows the results of all intended outcomes. One patient experienced FN after the first cycle of CTX of irinotecan and 5 patients developed 6 FN episodes across all cycles;2 patients were on carboplatin etoposide;1 patient on cisplatin etoposide;1 patient on vinorelbine and 1 patient was on pemetrexed and then on irinotecan CTX when the two FN episodes were developed. Conclusions: This study showing that same day administration of pegfilgrastim was as effective as next day administration in LC patients, without warranting any concerns for febrile neutropenia or delayed engraftment. Utilization of same day pegfilgrastim, in light of biosimilars and COVID, provides a unique opportunity for cancer care without concerns for FN as stated in previous studies. (Table Presented).
Multi-modal sensor fusion with machine learning for data-driven process monitoring for additive manufacturing

Abstract This paper presents a complete concept and validation scheme for potential inter-layer flaw detection from in-situ process monitoring for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (PBFAM) using supervised machine learning. Specifically, the presented work establishes a meaningful statistical correlation between (i) the multi-modal sensor footprint acquired during the build process, and (ii) the existence of flaws as indicated by post-build X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Multiple sensor modalities, such as layerwise imagery (both pre and post laser scan), acoustic and multi-spectral emissions, and information derived from the scan vector trajectories, contribute to the process footprint. Data registration techniques to properly merge spatial and temporal information are presented in detail. As a proof-of-concept, a neural network is used to fuse all available modalities, and discriminate flaws from nominal build conditions using only in-situ data. Experimental validation was carried out using a PBFAM sensor testbed available at PSU/ARL. Using four-fold cross-validation on a voxel-by-voxel basis, the null hypothesis, i.e. absence of a defect, was rejected at a rate corresponding to 98.5% accuracy for binary classification. Additionally, a sensitivity study was conducted to assess the information content contributed by the individual sensor modalities. Information content was assessed by evaluating the resulting correlation as classification performance when using only a single modality or a subset of modalities. Although optical imagery contains the highest amount of information for flaw detection, additional information content observed in other modalities significantly improved classification performance.
In-Office Procedural Adjuncts for Facial Nerve Disorders

ABSTRACT The objective of this chapter is to describe the utility of in-office procedures for the treatment of facial nerve disorders. There are multiple procedures that may be performed efficiently under local anesthesia and can dramatically improve facial function and symmetry. Facial nerve clinicians should consider office-based procedures as a mainstay for treating all stages of facial paralysis.
Reveries of a Cataloguer

IT WAS BRYHER who led me to H.D. I discovered Bryher purely by accident during my college years. The men's room in the old Indiana Uni versity Library stacks was near the beginning of the PR6000 section (mod ern British literature). Being a compulsive reader on the "John" I would often grab something to sample from those shelves en route. One day, I grabbed The Player's Boy and thus began my fascination with the historical novels of Bryher. About a year later Ruan was published and reviewed in one of the New York Sunday Book Review sections, and I begged for and received a copy for Christmas. Shortly thereafter I discovered the treasures of New York's Strand Bookstore and found most of the later novels of
BEST business excellence:: an expanded view

Presents the “BEST” model for sustainability built on the pillars of biophysical/environmental, economic, societal and technological principles. Attempts to relate this model to the principles and criteria of representative business excellence models with the goal of achieving business excellence with a social and environmental conscience. Looks at some core considerations of BEST sustainability as well as some commonly agreed upon business excellence principles. Concludes by discussing areas where sustainable development and business excellence may converge.
The Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts Differ in Their Requirement of IFN-γ and IL-4 in Controlling Respiratory Mycoplasma Infection and Disease

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the significance of IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in controlling mycoplasma infection and the pathogenesis of disease in the upper and lower respiratory tract. By using IFN-gamma knockout and IL-4 knockout BALB/c mice, we were able to study the contribution of these cytokines in the development of pathogenesis and/or protection in response to mycoplasma respiratory infection, in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The loss of either IFN-gamma or IL-4 does not affect disease pathogenesis or mycoplasma organism numbers in the upper respiratory tract. However, in the absence of IL-4, the nasal passages developed a compensatory immune response, characterized by higher numbers of macrophages and CD8(+) T cells, which may be masking detrimental effects due to IL-4 deficiency. This is in contrast to the lower respiratory tract, where the loss of IFN-gamma, but not IL-4, leads to higher mycoplasma numbers and increased disease severity. The loss of IFN-gamma impacted the innate immune system's ability to effectively clear mycoplasma, as the number of organisms was higher by day 3 postinfection. This higher organism burden most likely impacted disease pathogenesis; however, the development of Th2 cell-mediated adaptive immune response most likely contributed to lesion severity at later time points during infection. Our studies demonstrate that the upper and lower respiratory tracts are separate and distinct in their cytokine requirements for generating immunity against mycoplasma infection.
An Outcome Study: NLSY97

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the 1997 cohort (NLSY97 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth NLSY97 ), this chapter explores the educational and economic outcomes of maturing youth who participated in school-based learning or School-to-Work (STW) programs, government training, and/or other more traditional vocational/technical education programs between 1997 and 2002. As noted in Chap. 8, Sects. 7.3.3.2 and 7.3.4, a proliferation of STW programs resulted in part from passage of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act Amendments of 1990 (P.L. 101-392, also known as Perkins II ), and in part from passage of The School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994 (P.L. 103-239, STWOA) during the Clinton administration (Olson, 1997; Stern, Finkelstein, Stone, Latting, & Dornsife, 1994). Perkins II targeted high school and 2-year or community college students, whereas STWOA targeted primarily high school students.
Transcription factor Ascl2 limits Tfh cell differentiation and function (IRC8P.493)

Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells promote germinal center (GC) formation and subsequent B cell maturation through the secretion of cytokines such as IL-21 and IL-4. Achaete-scute complex homologue 2 (Ascl2), a transcription factor previously shown to have a role in stem cell maintenance, is highly upregulated in the Tfh-cell subset of CD4+ T cells. However, its role in Tfh-cell development and function has not been established. We generated mice with conditional deletion of Ascl2 in the CD4 T cell compartment to assess whether this protein has a functional role in Tfh cells. Tfh cells deficient in Ascl2 promote a more robust germinal center response, with larger germinal centers and an increased percentage of GC B cells after immunization. This phenotype was coupled with augmented class-switched antibody production in the Ascl2-deficient mice. The expansion of GCs and class-switched antibody production is likely a result of increased IL-4 production by Tfh cells in the Ascl2-deficient mice. These data suggest that Ascl2 may play a role in limiting the functionality of Tfh cells by preventing their secretion of IL-4 and repressing their potential as cell helpers.
Research on Couple/Family Counselor Training: A Search for Research

The initial goals of IAMFC included conducting and fostering programs of education in the field of family counseling, and promoting and conducting programs of research in the field of marriage and family counseling (International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors, 1990). The goal of fostering program development shows signs of success, as currently 26 couple/marriage and family counseling programs are accredited by the council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). This article reviews research targeting couple/marriage and family counselor training. The literature search used commonly accessible databases (i.e., PsychInfo) as well as a hand search. Research on the training of counselors specializing in couple/marriage and family counseling (C/MFC) would go a long way toward meeting the goal of conducting research in the field of couple/marriage and family counseling. Possible implications for the field of counseling, especially the C/MFC specialty, follow.
Teaching and Educational Note: The use of live cases in the accounting information systems course

Abstract The term live cases reflects the use of real businesses as a setting for a semester project in the accounting information systems course at a specific school. This paper describes the rationale for this approach, and discusses many of the details involved in implementing the project. Also discussed are the benefits derived by both the students and the businesses.