cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre-injury activity predicts outcomes following distal radius fractures in patients age 60 and older.

Introduction One out of every 5 elderly patients will suffer a distal radius fracture and these injuries are often related to poor bone health. Several surgical subspecialties have demonstrated that pre-injury activity level can impact patient outcomes. To determine the importance of physical activity, we examined the relationship between pre-injury activity and patient-reported and functional outcomes among fracture patients. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from participants enrolled in the Wrist and Radius Injury Surgical Trial (WRIST) from April 10, 2012 to December 31, 2016. This study included 304 adults, 60 years or older with isolated unstable distal radius fractures; 187 were randomized to one of three surgical treatments and 117 opted for casting. Participants opting for surgery were randomized to receive volar locking plate, percutaneous pinning, or external fixation. Participants who chose not to have surgery were treated with casting. All participants were stratified prior to analysis into highly and less-active groups based on pre-injury Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scores. Results 280 patients had 12-month assessments of outcomes. Highly active participants scored 8 and 5 points greater on the Michigan Hand Questionnaire at 6 weeks and 3 months respectively, p<0.05. Highly active participants demonstrated greater grip strength at the 3-month (p = 0.017) and 6-month (p = 0.007) time-points. Highly active participants treated with volar locking plate scored 10+ points greater on the Michigan Hand Questionnaire compared to the less-active group at the 6-week (p = 0.032), 3-month (p = 0.009) and 12-month (0.004) time points, with an effect size larger than 0.50, suggesting pre-injury level of activity had a significant clinical impact. Conclusions Higher levels of pre-injury activity are predictive of patient-reported and functional outcomes following distal radius fracture. Because of the greater PROs, the early mobility and lower risk of hardware infection reported in the literature, volar plating is preferable to other treatments for highly active patients who request and meet indications for surgery. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01589692.
Grid Scale Energy Storage: Modeling of Electrolyzer-Fuel Cell Combination and Comparison with Flow Batteries

Life cycle cost modeling of hydrogen production via Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) and Solid Oxide (SO) electrolysis and discharge via fuel cell combination is investigated for large grid scale baseload storage applications. The cost of hydrogen in $/kg and storage energy produced in $/kWh are compared for four cases. The high-end simulations assume parameters that are capable within the next five years and low-end cases represent post significant improvements in the cost and durability of the technologies in the next couple of decades. The levelized cost of gclose to commercialization scale (low-end) for PEM and SO electrolysis is calculated to be ~$1.6 per kg. Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) calculations with this cost of hydrogen coupled with fuel cells is ~$0.10 per kWh. These values compare favorably to future flow battery potential where an LCOE of ~$0.09 per kWh is possible.
From Poetry to Politics: Questioning the Rhyme and Reason of Title IX Rollbacks:

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education programs and activities. Prior to the Trump administration, Title IX has been used as the lega...
Visual Presentation of MIRR and MNPV Calculations

Project cash flows and modified cash flows are presented in an illustrative graphic within Excel for the live or virtual classroom. Further, the graphic computes and displays the relevant modified internal rate of return (MIRR) and modified net present value (MNPV), with associated formulas. The presentation allows for a discussion of the reinvestment assumption attributed to the internal rate of return (IRR) and the net present value (NPV) calculations.
Dissident Blood: Using Critical Feminist Study to Advance the Health and Human Rights of Menstruators (Book Review)

Half of humanity has personal experience with menstruation, spending approximately half of their lives managing their menstruation, yet it is only recently that “menstrual health” has received more than passing attention in health policy. The emerging field of critical menstrual studies looks to change that, drawing on lived experience and critical scholarship to frame menstrual health as a human rights concern over the life course. "The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies" seeks to codify the field, exploring the meaning of menstruation to menstruators and examining menstrual health within diverse social and cultural contexts. The resulting Handbook is a tour de force, presenting work from 134 contributors across 72 chapters. As the global health community shifts its understanding of menstrual health from a sanitation issue to a human rights concern, Chris Bobel et al. provide a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis to further rights-based approaches to menstrual health policy.
The Impact of Antifungal Drug Resistance in the Clinic

This chapter critically evaluates some common assumptions regarding antifungal resistance and highlights key clinical problems that arise when managing patients with invasive infections caused by antifungal-resistant Candida species. Although this paper gives perhaps the first example of in vivo-acquired mutations in a fungal gene with a positive impact on in vivo fitness, all of the clinical isolates used in the study were acquired from semi-invasive infections of the oropharynx rather than the bloodstream of patients. The majority of patients with invasive mycoses probably fail therapy because of underlying host factors, rather than acquired resistance to the drug. One of the most underappreciated causes of treatment failures in Candida species is biofilm-mediated resistance. Problems associated with timely diagnosis and early detection of antifungal resistance in Candida species have not improved over the last two decades, as current testing approaches still rely primarily on blood cultures, which may be negative for up to 50% of patients. It is critical that the diagnostics and treatment tools to manage antifungal resistance in Candida species be developed now, along with clinical stewardship programs to effectively integrate their use in clinic, so that we are better equipped to deal with the challenges on the horizon that will be encountered in an increasingly complex and aged population of patients in the health care system.
The Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Revolution-Can the Developing World Afford it?

Hepatitis C is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Recently, several new, highly effective directly acting antivirals have entered the introduced in the market. But the high cost of these medications prohibits the widespread use in the developing world. We, through our paper would like to suggest steps towards making these medications widely available to the population that needs them the most.
Performance evaluation of time switching in TDM wavelength routing networks

Advances in optical WDM technology have paved the way for high-capacity wavelength channels capable of carrying information at Gb/s rates. However, with current traffic streams requiring only a fraction of a wavelength's bandwidth, it becomes necessary to groom these independent low rate traffic streams on to higher capacity wavelength channels. An all-optical approach to grooming is to allow many connections to time-share a wavelength. Accordingly, in a TDM wavelength routing network, the establishment of a connection requires the assignment of time slots in addition to routing and wavelength assignment. One of the primary challenges in such networks is the need for quick reconfiguration at the routing nodes. In this paper, we investigate the effects of switch reconfigurability, wavelength conversion and time slot interchangers (TSIs) on the blocking performance of connections with multiple rates. Heuristics for time slot assignment that consider constraints imposed by six different node architectures are proposed, and the blocking performance of the TDM wavelength routing network is evaluated through simulations. Results indicate that limited reconfigurability at the nodes is sufficient to attain the performance obtained with full reconfigurability, especially when connections occupy only a small fraction of the wavelength capacity. Furthermore, the blocking performance is not seen to benefit significantly with the introduction of wavelength converters and TSIs, thus signifying that the improvement in blocking is largely dependent on the switch reconfigurability at the nodes.
Parallel Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms: a Space of Hybrid Methods

Simulated annealing and genetic algorithms represent powerful optimization methods with complementary strengths and weaknesses. Hence, there is an interest in identifying hybrid methods (which combine features of both SA and GA) that exhibit performance superior than either method alone. This paper introduces a systematic approach to identifying these hybrids by defining a space of methods as a nondeterministic generating grammar. This space includes SA, GA, previously introduced hybrids and many new methods. An empirical evaluation has been completed for 14 methods from this space applied to 9 diverse optimization problems. Results demonstrate that the space contains promising new methods. In particular, a new method that combines the recombinative power of GAs and annealing schedule of SA is shown to be one of the best methods for all 9 optimization problems explored.
Autobiographical reasoning in long-term fandom

We explore the social psychological processes through which fan-based experiences become situated in fans' larger life narratives. Drawing on original survey data with long-term U.S. soap opera fans, we examine how the psychological mechanism of autobiographical reasoning functions in fans' construction of self-narratives over time. The case study presented here is a subset of a larger investigation into the age-related structure of fans' activities, identities, and interpretive capacities. Situated at the intersections of gerontological (life span/life course) theory and contemporary fan studies, our project mines relatively uninvestigated theoretical terrain. We conclude with a brief discussion of implications for future fan studies.
A Legacy Recalled and a Tradition Continued

Since the first presentation of classical sentential logic as an i>axiomatic system by Frege in 1879, the study of a variety of sentential calculi has flourished. One major area of investigation, initiated by Lukasiewicz and his colleagues in the first half of the twentieth century and carried into the second half by Meredith, Thomas, Prior, et al., focuses on alternative axiom sets for such logics, and on formal proofs within them. This paper recalls a sampling of the results obtained heretofore, noting along the way how the papers in this special issue of the i>Journal of Automated Reasoning fit into that larger tradition of which they now form a part. It also suggests a number of further questions, open problems, and projects to which the methods developed in these papers seem ideally suited and might well be fruitfully applied.
A simplified method for estimation of estriol in pregnancy plasma.

Abstract A fluorometric method for determination of estriol in pregnancy plasma has been established. The procedure includes hydrolysis in a boiling water bath, use of unconjugated radioactive estriol to determine methodologic losses, solvent extractions, and the Ittrich-Kober reaction with the use of tetrachloroethane for extraction of the Kober chromogens. The method is sensitive, reproducible, and rapid. A number of drugs routinely used in obstetric care caused no interference. Serial determinations in 20 patients have been performed, in addition to over 300 isolated determinations. The values ranged from 10 to 58 μg per 100 ml. of plasma between the thirty-seventh and fortieth weeks of uncomplicated pregnancies. Fetal umbilical venous and arterial values were comparable but were severalfold higher than maternal levels. The method has been applied to amniotic fluid, and the results were contrasted with levels in plasma.
Proof of concept: performance testing in models

Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) principles that predict antimicrobial efficacy can be used to set targets for antimicrobial design and optimisation. Although current formulations of amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate have retained their efficacy against many, but not all, penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, additional coverage is required to address the growing problem of drug-resistant strains. Accordingly, two new oral formulations of amoxicillin/clavulanate, a paediatric formulation at 90/6.4 mg/kg/day and a pharmacokinetically enhanced formulation at 2000/125 mg twice daily for adults, were designed using PK/PD principles. These principles indicate that for amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate, a time above MIC of 35-40% of the dosing interval is predictive of high bacterial efficacy. In line with PK/PD predictions, simulation of human pharmacokinetics in in-vitro kinetic models and in a rat model of pneumonia, amoxicillin/clavulanate 2000/125 mg twice daily was highly effective against S. pneumoniae strains with amoxicillin MICs of 4 or 8 mg/L. Against strains with amoxicillin MICs of 4 mg/L, amoxicillin/clavulanate 2000/125 mg twice daily was significantly more effective than the conventional 875/125 mg twice daily formulation, azithromycin and levofloxacin, even though all levofloxacin MICs were < or = 1 mg/L. Following infection with S. pneumoniae strains with amoxicillin MICs of 8 mg/L, the amoxicillin/clavulanate 2000/125 mg twice daily formulation was more effective than the conventional amoxicillin/clavulanate formulations of 875/125 mg twice daily and three times daily and 1000/125 mg three times daily, and had similar or better efficacy than azithromycin and levofloxacin, depending on the strain. These data indicate the potential benefit of therapy with amoxicillin/clavulanate 2000/125 mg twice daily compared with conventional formulations and other marketed antimicrobials in the treatment of respiratory tract infection.
SU-E-T-539: Fixed Versus Variable Optimization Points in Combined-Mode Modulated Arc Therapy Planning

Purpose: A novel modulated arc therapy technique, mARC, enables superposition of step-and-shoot IMRT segments upon a subset of the optimization points (OPs) of a continuous-arc delivery. We compare two approaches to mARC planning: one with the number of OPs fixed throughout optimization, and another where the planning system determines the number of OPs in the final plan, subject to an upper limit defined at the outset. Methods: Fixed-OP mARC planning was performed for representative cases using Panther v. 5.01 (Prowess, Inc.), while variable-OP mARC planning used Monaco v. 5.00 (Elekta, Inc.). All Monaco planning used an upper limit of 91 OPs; those OPs with minimal MU were removed during optimization. Plans were delivered, and delivery times recorded, on a Siemens Artiste accelerator using a flat 6MV beam with 300 MU/min rate. Dose distributions measured using ArcCheck (Sun Nuclear Corporation, Inc.) were compared with the plan calculation; the two were deemed consistent if they agreed to within 3.5% in absolute dose and 3.5 mm in distance-to-agreement among > 95% of the diodes within the direct beam. Results: Example cases included a prostate and a head-and-neck planned with a single arc and fraction doses of 1.8 and 2.0 Gy, respectively. Aside from slightly more uniform target dose for the variable-OP plans, the DVHs for the two techniques were similar. For the fixed-OP technique, the number of OPs was 38 and 39, and the delivery time was 228 and 259 seconds, respectively, for the prostate and head-and-neck cases. For the final variable-OP plans, there were 91 and 85 OPs, and the delivery time was 296 and 440 seconds, correspondingly longer than for fixed-OP. Conclusion: For mARC, both the fixed-OP and variable-OP approaches produced comparable-quality plans whose delivery was successfully verified. To keep delivery time per fraction short, a fixed-OP planning approach is preferred.
Do the Brigance Screens Detect Developmental and Academic Problems

The Brigance Screens are a series of popular measures designed to quickly detect children between two and seven years of age who may have developmental difficulties. With the exception of the Kindergarten form, it is not known which score (out of a possible 100) is the best cutoff for sensitively detecting children with possible problems while also minimizing over-referrals. In order to locate optimal cutoffs, 408 children between 21 and 48 months of age were recruited from sites representing the geographic regions and demographic characteristics of the United States. Each child was administered the appropriate Brigance Form and a criterion battery that included measures of achievement, language, adaptive behavior, and intelligence. Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses were used to locate optimal cutoff scores for each form of the Brigance. Using these cutoff scores, between 72% and 100% of children with developmental difficulties were identified. At the same time, between 73% and 100% of children w...
Pantothenic acid, thiamine and folic acid levels at parturition.

SummaryA comparison of pantothenic acid, thiamine, and PGA serum levels of mothers and infants at parturition shows an approximately 5-fold increase of these vitamins in the fetal circulation. The significance of these findings is discussed.
The Value Stretch Hypothesis: Family Size Preferences in a Black Population

Data on the family size preferences and reproductive behavior of 990 black females were examined to determine the utility of Rodman's concept of a “lower-class value stretch” for understanding reproductive goals and behavior. An hypothesized inverse relationship between a measure of the range of acceptable number of children (ANC) and indicators of social class was clearly supported in the case of current social class (income level and education), but not in the case of social class of parents (mother's education). An analysis of this relationship controlling for age, parity, and marital status suggests marital status to be a key control variable, with age exerting some influence. Our findings suggest that the concept of a lower-class value stretch may have utility with respect to family size preferences among black females who have been ever married and who are older.
Approximate expressions for predicting the effect of fast second-order chemical reactions on interphase mass-transfer rates

Abstract Simple limiting expressions are derived for predicting the rate of absorption of solute A into a phase already containing a dissolved species B, which reacts instantaneously and irreversibly with A. These limiting expressions, equations (L), (H) and (A), which are not sensitive to system geometry, provide useful upper and lower bounds about the result of exact calculation, and will almost always permit estimation of absorption rate with acceptable accuracy. Further it is shown that the exact relations for the penetration, laminar boundary-layer and partially turbulent film models can all be almost exactly fitted by a single relation, Eq. (E) of the form NuA/NuA0 = c[α, (β/α)(NuB0/NuA0)].
Angola and Mozambique: The implications of local power

The attitudes and actions of Lisbon's new rulers will obviously be a crucial factor in determining the course of developments in Angola and Mozambique. Despite the recent shift in position, under pressure from the Armed Forces Movement, of President Spinola's junta from vague promises to hold discussions about progress towards 'self-determination' to an 'immediate recognition' of the right to 'independence' of the peoples of Angola, Mozambique and GuineaBissau there is still no clear indication of how such policies are to be implemented in practice. Recognition of the independence of GuineaBissau (expected in mid-September, but leaving the status of the Cap Verde Islands to be settled), where the nationalist movement PAIGC is already recognized as the government of an independent republic by over 90 United Nations members is unlikely to set the pattern for the transfer of power in Angola and Mozambique. However, an examination of the differing military and economic situations in these two territories may at least offer some idea of the parameters within which Portuguese policy is likely to have to operate, as well as suggest some implications for the other states of southern Africa.
ON THE ACCURACY OF FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS FOR ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS WITH INTERFACES

In problems with interfaces, the unknown or its derivatives may have jump discontinuities. Finite difference methods, including the method of A. Mayo and the immersed interface method of R. LeVeque and Z. Li, maintain accuracy by adding corrections, found from the jumps, to the difference operator at grid points near the interface and by modifying the operator if necessary. It has long been observed that the solution can be computed with uniform O.h 2 / accuracy even if the truncation error is O.h/ at the interface, while O.h 2 / in the interior. We prove this fact for a class of static interface problems of elliptic type using discrete analogues of estimates for elliptic equations. Moreover, we show that the gradient is uniformly accurate to O.h 2 log.1=h//. Various implications are discussed, including the accuracy of these methods for steady fluid flow governed by the Stokes equations. Two-fluid problems can be handled by first solving an integral equation for an unknown jump. Numerical examples are presented which confirm the analytical conclusions, although the observed error in the gradient is O.h 2 /.
Cytogenetic, telomere, and telomerase studies in five surgically managed lumbosacral chordomas

Abstract Lumbosacral chordomas are rare skeletal sarcomas of the spine that originate from the remnant notochord. The understanding of this human cancer is limited to observations of its clinical behavior and its embryonic link. Thus, we performed chromosome and molecular analyses from five surgically harvested chordomas in an effort to document genetic and biochemical abnormalities which might aid in understanding the tumor biology of this understudied neoplasm. Cytogenetic analysis of the five chordomas revealed normal results in four patients and random abnormalities in only one tumor cell in the 100 cells studied from the fifth patient. A repeat telomeric probe (TTAGGG) 50 was hybridized to genomic DNA isolated from chordoma cells (and HeLa cells) and digested with Hinf I. The tumor DNA was paired with leukocyte DNA from age-matched controls and revealed telomere elongation in four of the four chordoma patients studied with molecular genetic techniques. Conversely, telomere length reduction has been reported during in vitro senescence of human fibroblasts, giant cell tumor of bone, colon cancer, intracranial tumors, childhood leukemia, Wilms tumor, and in HeLa cells. Telomerase activity (telomerase is required to maintain telomere integrity) was also determined by visualizing the extension of radioactive telomeric repeats on DNA sequencing gels. The telomeric fragments were assembled during incubation of the cytoplasmic extract containing telomerase. Telomerase activity was observed in HeLa (positive control and commercially available cell line), giant cell tumor of bone (positive control tumor cells from living patients), and in chordoma cells from one of the two chordoma patients (but to a lesser degree compared with HeLa). As expected, the chordoma patients' fibroblasts exhibited no telomerase activity.
Bilateral single-lung transplantation in children

Background This study examined our experience with bilateral single-lung transplantation in pediatric patients. Methods Between 1988 and 1995, we have performed 32 double-lung transplantations in children. The first 10 were performed en bloc, the following 22 by bilateral single-lung transplantation. Indications for bilateral single-lung transplantation were cystic fibrosis in 16 patients, primitive obliterative bronchiolitis in 1, pulmonary artery hypertension in 1, and retransplantation in 4. Patients' ages ranged from 7 to 16 years (mean, 12 years). Four patients underwent a parenchymal reduction (lobectomy or bilobectomy). Bilateral single-lung transplantation was performed with a "clam-shell" incision, normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, and a beating heart. Results There was one postoperative death (heart failure in a retransplantation patient). Bleeding was moderate, and 4 patients had a bloodless procedure. Bronchial healing was satisfactory, with 3 patients receiving temporary left main bronchus stenting. There were two hospital deaths (recurrent cytomegalovirus infection in a retransplantation patient and multiorgan failure at 2 months) and seven late deaths, caused by infection (mostly cytomegalovirus), obliterative bronchiolitis, or both. Actuarial survival was 75% at 1 year, 56% at 2 years, and 36% at 3 years. Conclusions We conclude that bilateral single-lung transplantation appears to be an acceptable technique, even in small children. Bronchial healing is satisfactory, and no revascularization procedure appears necessary. Midterm and long-term results are comparable with those of heart-lung transplants, and in view of the current problems with organ donation, we think it is an adequate strategy in pediatric lung parenchymal disease.
REM sleep suppression by monoamine reuptake blockade: development of tolerance with repeated drug administration.

Abstract Drugs that block monoamine reuptake initially suppress rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the cat and other species. Less is known about the effects of repeated drug administration. Desipramine (DMI) and sertraline [1S, 4S-N-methyl-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1 -naphthylamine] (SER), which are relatively specific in blocking norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake, respectively, were each given to cats fro approximately two and a half weeks. Six-hour sleep polygraphic records were obtained under the placebo condition, after acute drug administration, and again during chronic drug administration. DMI and SER both reduced REM sleep percentage acutely and in each case. Significant tolerance then developed. These actions of DMI and SER reflected changes in mean REM sleep episode duration as well as REM sleep episode number. Such differential effects of acute and chronic monoamine reuptake blockade on REM sleep behavior in the cat may ultimately be correlated with pharmacological changes at the receptor level.
Predictors of the duration of therapy for clients in the community mental health system.

Single and multiple correlates for premature termination and duration of treatment were examined for 13,450 clients seem in 17 community mental health facilities. Predictor variables included seven demographic characteristics of clients and five characteristics of service (type of personnel seeing clients, assignment to inor outpatient programs, diagnosis rendered, assignment to therapy or diagnostic services, and assignment to individual therapy or other services). Results indicated that clients who are members of ethnic groups, who have low educational backgrounds, who are seen by paraprofessional staff, and who are assigned for diagnostic services quickly terminate at community mental health facilities.
Illness in patients following exposure to dental aerosols.

This well-planned study of the relationship of aerosols in dental operating rooms and the incidence of respiratory diseases did not produce the correlation which might be anticipated.
Adsorber Dynamics in the Simulated Countercurrent Moving-Bed Separator: Numerical Simulation, Detailed Comparison with Experiment, and Optimization Studies

An adsorber dynamics model of a simulated moving-bed separator (SMBS) has been tested against experimentally determined concentration waveforms for the separation of propylene and dimethyl ether in a SMBS (Fish et al. AIChE J. 1993, 39, 1783). The axially dispersed, linear adsorption, linear driving force model was solved numerically by an efficient finite-difference method with adaptive gridding. The numerical simulations predict average raffinate (dimethyl ether) and extract (propylene) concentrations that are within 5% of those of the experiment, and the experimental concentration waveforms of propylene are reasonably well reproduced. However, the model gives a poor representation of the dimethyl ether waveforms and fails to accurately predict impurity levels in raffinate and extract streams. These failures may be attributed to the inadequacy of a uniform adsorption site model to describe the adsorption of dimethyl ether on Chromosorb 101 and are a reminder of the potential inadequacy of simple isotherms. Simulations were used to optimize the flow rates required to achieve the most effective separation. A study of flow rate optimization for a smaller separation factor of 1.2 shows that satisfactory separations can still be obtained. It is also shown that modifying the SMBS to a 2-1-2-1 column configuration leads to an increase of the product purity.
Ileal orthotopic neobladder after pelvic exenteration for cervical cancer

Abstract Objective We aimed to describe our preliminary experience in creating an ileal orthotopic urinary conduit in patients with a history of pelvic irradiation undergoing pelvic exenteration for recurrent cervical cancer and to evaluate the feasibility, complication rates, and outcomes of this procedure. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed in all 6 patients who underwent ileal orthotopic neobladder creation at our institution between January 2005 and March 2008. Main outcome measures were surgical complications, continence rate, neobladder function, and oncologic outcome. Results The mean patient age was 46.6 years (range, 38–61). Four patients underwent anterior exenteration and 2 total pelvic exenterations. There were no intraoperative complications. The median operative time was 456 min (range, 372–600). The median time to create the orthotopic urinary conduit was 70 min (range, 55–90). Three patients had postoperative neobladder anastomotic leak. Two of them had this complication successfully managed conservatively and 1 surgically. Daytime urinary continence was good or satisfactory in 4 of 6 patients. Nighttime urinary continence was good or satisfactory in 3 of 6 patients. All patients reported being satisfied with their decision to undergo this procedure. Median follow-up time was 20.5 months (range, 6–34). At last visit, 3 patients were alive without evidence of disease, 1 was alive with stable retroperitoneal disease, and 2 had died of disease recurrence after exenteration. Conclusions Ileal orthotopic neobladder creation in patients undergoing exenteration for recurrent cervical cancer is feasible after radiation. The rate of urinary continence is acceptable.
The computer science small department initiative (CS_SDI) report

This special session will report on the work of the Computer Science Small Department Initiative (CS_SDI) in three areas. The first is the identification of strengths and challenges that are typically found in small departments (5 or fewer FTE CS faculty). The second area is relating the CC2001 guidelines directly to small departments. The third area is a set of departmental guidelines for areas such as faculty load and maintaining a departmental lab. The website for this work can be found at http://csis.olivet.edu/cs_sdi.
D-1 dopamine receptor changes after striatal quinolinic acid lesion

Regional changes in the distribution of D-1 dopamine receptors produced by unilateral striatal lesions were evaluated in rat brain by quantitative autoradiography. Lesions were induced by local infusion of quinolinic acid, an endogenous excitotoxin that destroys intrinsic neurons, but spares fibers of passage. D-1 receptor density, as determined by [125I]SCH 23982 binding, was reduced in caudate-putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, nucleus entopeduncularis on the lesioned side. These results confirm the presence of D-1 receptors on striatal cell bodies and provide direct evidence for the existence of presynaptic D-1 receptors on the terminals of striatal projections.
Platinum-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Olefins with Carboxamides

Reaction of benzamide with a catalytic 1:2 mixture of [PtCl2(H2CCH2)]2 (2.5 mol %) and PPh3 in dioxane at 120 °C for 24 h led to isolation of N-ethylbenzamide in 97% yield. A range of primary, acyclic aryl and alkyl carboxamides and secondary cyclic carboxamides and carbamates also underwent platinum-catalyzed addition to ethylene and propylene.
New, highly active antagonists of LHRH with acylated lysine and p-aminophenylalanine in positions 5 and 6

A series of antagonists of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) with substitutions in position 5 and/or 6 that included acylated lysine or p-aminophenylalanine were synthesized, characterized and tested for antiovulatory activity (AOA) in rats, and histamine releasing activity. Some of these antagonists were considerably more soluble at neutral pH than antagonists like Antide. Of 37 new antagonists, the best physico-chemical and biological properties were found for the following two analogs: NAcDNal-DCpa-DPal-Ser-PicLys-D(PicSar)Lys- Leu-ILys-Pro-DAlaNH2 (named Sartide) and NAcDNal-DCpa-DPal-Ser-Tyr-D(PicSar)Lys-Leu-IL ys-Pro-DAlaNH2. They are both soluble in water, inhibit ovulation completely at 0.5 microgram per rat, and have ED50 values for histamine release of about 30 micrograms/mL.
Influences of Silicon Crystal Anisotropy in Nano-Machining Processes Using AFM

Atomic force microscope (AFM) machining has the potential to become an essential technology for manufacturing micro/nano-scale devices. In literature, this technique has been successfully employed to machine various types of materials, including semiconductor materials and metals. However, the effect of material anisotropy in terms of crystal direction is rarely considered in the existing studies. In this paper, we conduct nano-scratching experiments on the (1 0 0) plane of single crystal silicon surface with a diamond tip in an AFM machine. Three levels of crystal direction of nano-scratching are considered. Four levels of normal loading are applied. Machining performances are mainly evaluated by the groove morphology. Also, the wear coefficients and scratch ratio are calculated to the anti-wear performance. Based on the pile up volume and cutting volume respectively, the presence of the ploughing and cutting mechanisms is determined. The experiment results indicate that the applied normal load significantly affect the groove depth and debris morphology. The scratching direction has a pronounced effect on the friction coefficient and the calculated scratching hardness. By observing the debris morphology and cracks formation, the dependence of ductile to brittle transformation mechanism of silicon machining on the crystal direction is also discussed.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Efficient mechanochemical synthesis of tris(pyrazolylborate) complexes of manganese(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II)

Abstract A mechanochemical synthesis of Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) tris(pyrazolylborates) (Tp−) was developed, which enabled preparation of metal complexes of the type TpMCl and TpMCl · Hpz type (Hpz is the substituted pyrazole generated by hydrolysis of the corresponding Tp− ligand). The X-ray structure of a new Co(II) tris(pyrazolylborate) and the electronic spectra of these coordination compounds are discussed.
Isolated mitral valve repair in patients with depressed left ventricular function.

Background The utility of mitral valve repair (MV repair) has been well documented in patients with normal left ventricular function. Few studies, however, have specifically examined outcomes of isolated MV repair in patients with decreased left ventricular function. The purpose of the present study is to review a modern experience with isolated MV repair in patients with depressed left ventricular function and to examine intermediate outcomes. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent MV repair from 1996 to 2003 was performed to identify consecutive patients who had isolated MV repair. Preoperative studies were reviewed to further identify patients with an ejection fraction less than 0.45. Clinical operative data were collected from the medical record, and survival was determined with the Social Security Death Index. Further end points of reoperation and transplantation were also noted. Results A total of 101 patients were identified with a mean follow-up of 1,124 days. Mean ejection fraction and age was 0.34 ± 0.09 and 56 ± 14 years, respectively. Thirty-day mortality was 2.9%. One- and 5-year survival was 94% ± 2% and 70% ± 6%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in actuarial survival for functional versus primary mitral disease, or for ejection fraction less than 0.35 versus greater than 0.35. Six patients required transplantation. Five-year freedom from reoperation, transplantation, and death was 61% ± 11% and 54% ± 8% for patients with primary and secondary mitral valve disease, respectively ( p = 0.279). Minimally invasive MV repair was performed in 57 patients with a mean ejection fraction of 0.369 ± 0.07 and a 30-day mortality of 1.7%. Conclusions In patients with isolated MV regurgitation and depressed left ventricular function, MV repair can be achieved with low operative mortality, but there remains a persistent risk of death, reoperation, or transplantation irrespective of valve disease. Minimally invasive MV repair was safe in this group.
Effects of maternal and embryo characteristics on post-fertilization provisioning in fishes of the genus Gambusia

Maternal provisioning of embryos in Gambusia (Poeciliidae) entails both production of large, yolky eggs and mother-to-embryo transfer of nutrients, the latter of which is readily quantified using injection of radiolabeled nutrients. We assayed patterns of nutrient transfer in broods of 26 Gambusia geiseri and 23 Gambusia affinis females, using injection of tritiated leucine. We examined maternal and embryo characteristics affecting the instantaneous rate of transfer and characterized the pattern of transfer to individual embryos within broods. Maternal (female size and condition) and brood characteristics (mean embryo size, developmental stage, brood size) did not predict the mean level of nutrient transfer to embryos in a brood for either species. Within broods, individual provisioning of embryos was not related to developmental stage, but was related to embryo mass in G. affinis with nutrient transfer higher to larger embryos. In addition, overall within-brood variation in nutrient transfer, measured as coefficient of variation in embryo radioactivity, was higher in G. affinis than in G. geiseri.
Heterochromatic fusion nystagmus: Its use in estimating chromatic equiluminance in humans and monkeys

The use of chromatic patterns that are equated for luminance has become increasingly popular in psychophysical and neurophysiological studies of visual processing. The currently available techniques for equating different colors for brightness rely upon human reports of perceptual events that are reduced at some luminance ratio. We report here the results of a study using a technique we have recently developed that produces a vivid and compelling motion percept only at isoluminance. That is, unlike previous methods, this technique relies upon a perceptual event (motion) that actually becomes more salient at isoluminance. We also observed that the optokinesis generated by the moving pattern mirrors the perceptual reports at all luminance ratios. If used in this manner, the technique can provide an estimate of chromatic isoluminance in a variety of species and can be used to corroborate a human subject's perceptual experience.
SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED AMINOGALLANES BY ALKYLTRIMETHYLTIN ELIMINATION

Alkyltrimethyltin elimination reactions of R3Ga (R = Me, Et) with R‘‘R‘NSnMe3 (R‘‘ = i-Bu, SnMe3, C6H11 and R‘ = i-Bu, i-Pr, C6H11) have been investigated. The aminogallanes [Me2GaN(i-Bu)2]2, [Et2GaN(i-Bu)2]2, [Me2GaN(i-Pr)SnMe3]2, [Me2GaN(C6H11)2]2, and [Et2GaN(C6H11)2]2 were isolated in 88.6, 68.6, 69.1, 81.0, and 80.4% yields, respectively. X-ray crystallographic studies of [Et2GaN(i-Bu)2]2, [Me2GaN(i-Pr)SnMe3]2, [Me2GaN(C6H11)2]2, and [Et2GaN(C6H11)2]2 indicate that the four aminogallanes are dimeric in the solid state. The four-membered (Ga−N)2 rings in [Et2GaN(i-Bu)2]2 and [Et2GaN(C6H11)2]2 (molecules 1 and 2) are nonplanar with fold angles on the Ga···Ga diagonals of 148.7(3) and 146.3(3), 147.7 (3)°. All five aminogallanes exist as dimers in benzene solutions. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra are reported and discussed.
Light-Induced Chloroplast Shrinkage in vivo Detectable After Rapid Isolation of Chloroplasts From Pisum sativum

A light-induced shrinkage of chloroplasts in vivo could be detected with chloroplasts isolated within 2 minutes of harvesting pea plants. As determined both by packed volume and Coulter counter, the mean volume of chloroplasts from plants in the dark was 39 mu(3), whereas it was 31 mu(3) for chloroplasts from plants in the light. Upon illumination of the plants, the half-time for the chloroplast shrinkage in vivo was about 3 minutes, and the half-time for the reversal in the dark was about 5 minutes. A plant growth temperature of 20 degrees was optimal for the volume change. The chloroplast shrinkage was half-maximal for a light intensity of 400 lux incident on the plants and was light-saturated near 2000 lux. The light-absorbing pigment responsible for the volume change was chlorophyll. This light-induced shrinkage resulted in a flattening and slight indenting of the chloroplasts. This chloroplast flattening upon illumination of the plants may accompany an increase in the photosynthetic efficiency of chloroplasts.
Structural abnormalities in the cortex of the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy: a light and electron microscopy study

rTg4510 transgenic (TG) mice overexpress mutant (P301L) human tau protein. We have compared the dorsal premotor cortex of TG mice versus non-transgenic (NT) mice at 4, 9, and 13 months of age, using light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). LM assessment shows that cortical thickness in TG mice is reduced by almost 50% from 4 to 13 months of age, while at the same time layer I thickness is reduced by 80%, with most of the cortical thinning occurring between 4 and 9 months. In TG mice, spherical, empty vacuoles, up to 60 μm in diameter, become increasingly abundant with age and by 9 months, pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons with large intracellular tangles of tau protein are common throughout the cortex. These tangles occur in the perikarya; we have not observed them entering into cellular processes, nor have we observed ghost tangles in the intercellular matrix. In TG mice, nerve fiber pathology is widespread by 13 months, and split myelin sheaths, ballooned sheaths, and swollen axons containing mitochondrial aggregations are all common. Astrocytes become increasingly filled with glial filaments as TG mice age, and microglial cells almost always contain phagocytic inclusions. However, no glial cells are seen to contain tau in their cytoplasm. These observations add to the base of knowledge available on this commonly employed model of tauopathy.
Anger Management and Temper Control: Critical Components of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Abuse Treatment

Abstract Recent studies have shown associations among combat experience. PTSD. anger and hostility, and involvement in violence. Clinical observations of veterans enrolled in the Substance Use/Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Team (SUPT) program at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center revealed relatively high levels of anger and aggressive behavior, including physical assaults and property damage. In response to this anger and aggressive behavior, an anger management treatment was added to the SUPT program's treatment of substance abuse and PTSD, Anger management consisted of a 12-week cognitive-behavioral group treatment. Session topies included identifying the physical, emotional, and situational cues to anger, developing individualized angercontrol plans, recognizing and altering destructive self-talk, utilizing time-out, practicing conflict resolution techniques, and using the group to discuss and evaluate high-risk anger situations. Special attention was given to self-monitoring anger-escal...
Proteomic Characterization of Equine Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a biofluid that is reflective of overall health. Although proteomic profiling of human CSF has been performed in the context of a variety of disease states, this report represents the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of equine CSF. A total of 320 proteins were confidently identified across six healthy horses, and these proteins were further characterized by gene ontology terms mapped in UniProt, and normalized spectral abundance factors were calculated as a measure of relative abundance. Theses results provide an optimized protocol for analysis of equine CSF and lay the groundwork for future studies involving the study of equine CSF in the context of pathogenic disease states.
The Coccidæ (Scale-insects and Mealy-bugs) of the Madeira Islands

WHEN recently in Madeira and Porto Santo, I made an effort to collect the species of Coccidae, and at the same time my friend, Mr. A. C. de Noronha, obtained all he could find, visiting some localities (San Antonio, Ribera d. Sta. Luzia, San Roques) which I had not explored. The result was highly satisfactory, increasing the list from 21 to 46 species. I was fortunate enough to discover five new forms, and one (Saissetia cerei) was obtained by Mr. de Noronha. All these have been carefully studied by Mr. E. Ernest Green, who has published the results in the Bulletin of Entomological Research, July 1923. The purpose of the present note is to discuss certain aspects of the Coccid fauna, not referred to or not clearly elucidated by Mr. Green, who I think expected me to deal with them.
Is Retinopathy of Prematurity Increasing Among Infants Less Than 1250 g Birth Weight

OBJECTIVE: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a complication seen in many very low birth weight infants. Severe ROP has been called a “marker” for severe disability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and severity of ROP among infants ≤1250 g birth weight treated in the Special Care Nursery at Women & Infants’ Hospital over a period of 7 years from 1994 to 2000. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective review of ROP data combined with neonatal follow-up data. Of the 1002 infants born with birth weights <1250 g, ophthalmologic data were available for 739 of 839 survivors. Analysis of variance and χ2 along with logistic regression were used to analyze outcomes. RESULTS: An increase in the overall occurrence of ROP was identified (40% to 54% linear trend, p=0.007). The occurrence of threshold ROP ranged from 2% to 5% (NS). Infants at greatest risk of ROP were those micropremies with birth weights <750 g (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Severe ROP continues to be a significant morbidity among infants <750 g.