cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1265: Dysregulated tyrosine kinase Tyro3 signaling in acute myeloid leukemia

The undesirable outcomes of classical chemotherapy approaches in the treatment of cancer pathogenesis has directed scientists to find more targeted and less toxic therapies. Numerous studies of targeted therapies in cancer have demonstrated that finding target genes that are responsible for cancer pathogenesis can lead to novel targeted cancer therapies. Among these studies, tyrosine kinases have been prominent as effective gene targets. We have employed this approach to study the hematologic malignancy, Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). In this study, we aimed to understand how human tyrosine kinase members, as functional drivers of leukemogenesis, promote tumor progression by activating downstream molecules. For this purpose, an RNAi assisted silencing assay was designed in which every individual tyrosine kinase member was silenced and impact on primary AML cell viability was assessed. Bioinformatic interpretation of the data revealed that TYRO3 is one of the genes showing significant sensitivity to silencing in 7.64% of AML cases tested (n = 484). This data is compatible with previous studies showing aberrant expression of TAM family member tyrosine kinases in several human cancers. In addition, immunoblotting was performed to assess TYRO3 protein expression in several AML cell lines. Several AML lines demonstrated higher expression levels of TYRO3. In a strong correlation with this finding, TYRO3 siRNA was able to partially silence the TYRO3 expression especially in those cell lines that have higher expression levels of TYRO3 and due to this silencing we observed decreased cell viability relative to non-specific siRNA suggesting that high expression of TYRO3 provides a cell survival advantage in AML. Even though signaling pathways of other TAM family members and their interactions are described in detail, TYRO3 downstream signaling pathway still remains quite undetermined which makes it an intriguing player in cell survival. There are not many small molecules designed to inhibit TAM tyrosine kinases, but our study shows that successful targeted inhibition of this family of receptor tyrosine kinases may represent a promising avenue to provide opportunities to improve therapeutic approaches for patients with AML. [1] Druker, Brian J. “Imatinib as a paradigm of targeted therapies.” Advances in cancer research 91 (2004): 1-30. Citation Format: Fatma Eryildiz, Jeffrey W. Tyner. Dysregulated tyrosine kinase Tyro3 signaling in acute myeloid leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1265.
First-principles study of lithium adsorption and diffusion on graphene: the effects of strain

Large strain is produced within graphene sheets, which serve as a critical component in lithium-ion batteries, due to the expansion of the electrodes. First-principles calculations are therefore employed to investigate the interaction of Li with strained single-layer graphene. It is found that tensile strain enhances Li binding on graphene and significantly reduces the formation energy of divacancies. In addition, Li diffusion through graphene with defects is facilitated by tensile strain, whereas diffusion parallel to the plane of pristine graphene is slightly hindered.
An Inverse Problem in Propellant Combustion

If the temperature or heat flux at the surface of a solid are given as a function of time, then the temperature distribution in the solid’s interior can be calculated. This is termed a direct problem. However, there are many practical situations which arise in engineering where the surface environment may be unsuitable for attaching a sensor such as a thermocouple. One example of such a situation is designing an experiment to determine the temperature distribution and surface heat flux history on an ablating heat shield undergoing chemical reactions with the atmosphere. Since the shield’s surface is receding and located in a hostile environment, the sensor cannot monitor the temperature accurately. However, it is easier to measure the transient temperature at a known interior point of the shield. The mathematical problem of determining the temperature distribution and surface boundary conditions from such an interior measurement is known as the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) [1]. There are two general classes of such inverse problems: parameter estimation and function estimation. An example of parameter estimation is the determination of a solid’s thermal diffusivity from time-dependent temperature measurements. The estimation of the surface heat-flux as a function of time is an example of a function estimation problem. There are many papers and some books on both classes of problems. Beck et al. [2] have written the only English language book on the IHCP. This book provides an excellent introduction to various aspects of the IHCP and contains numerous references up to 1985.
Evaluating organic bread wheat as a rotation crop for organic dairy farms

The rising demand for local, organic bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the northeastern USA may be an economic and agronomic opportunity for organic dairy producers. Bread wheat must produce adequate grain yields and crude protein (CP) levels to be profitable as a food crop and must complement the on-farm production of high-quality dairy feed. A field study evaluated bread wheat and perennial forage performance in five 3-year crop sequences all ending in a perennial legume/grass forage. The sequences differed by wheat type (winter or spring) and the crop prior to wheat: (1) corn silage (Zea mays L.), (2) soybean (Glycine max L.) or (3) one-year-old perennial forage. Wheat sequences were compared with a sequence of two years of corn silage followed by a new perennial forage seeding and with a continuous perennial forage control. Winter wheat spike density, wheat aboveground biomass and nitrogen uptake were always greater than spring wheat. Wheat grain yield and CP were strongly affected by wheat type, with winter wheat having greater yield but lower CP than spring wheat. At one site-year, winter wheat CP was 15 g kg−1 higher following perennial forage than following corn. Only spring wheat met the bread flour industry standard for CP. Newly established perennial forage following wheat had higher yields and legume composition in both years, along with higher projected milk yields in one year, than the continuous perennial forage. Three-year net revenue based on off-farm sales were on average US$ 741 ha−1 higher for sequences with winter wheat than those with spring wheat, and were equal to the perennial forage control. Rotations that included wheat would likely be more competitive if straw were sold or used on the farm, or, if topdressing practices or varietal choice were used to increase grain protein levels of winter wheat.
Kristallherstellung aus der Schmelze

Die Herstellung von Kristallen aus der Schmelze hat von allen Methoden die breiteste Anwendung gefunden. Sie wird zur Kristallzuchtung von Metallen, anorganischen und organischen Verbindungen benutzt. Nach dieser Methode lassen sich sowohl wasserlosliche als auch unlosliche Kristalle herstellen. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung ist, das sich die Stoffe beim Schmelzen nicht zersetzen. Da die Schmelzpunkte der Stoffe in weiten Grenzen von —271° C bis 3700° C variieren, werden die Apparaturen verschieden sein, je nachdem, ob ein Kristall bei tiefer, mittlerer oder hoher Temperatur gezuchtet wird.
Titrations of Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen on a Platinum on Silica Catalyst

In the present work we study the reactions of CO with preadsorbed oxygen and also the subsequent reaction of oxygen with preadsorbed CO. The catalyst is 0.12% Pt/SiO2 (Cabosil) which has a fraction exposed of 0.47. As the temperature is changed from 25°C to 192°C the surface CO/Pts ratio decreases from 0.85 to 0.68. However, at the same time the ratio of 0 atoms to Pt surface atoms changes from about 0.53 to 1.62. Thus at 192°C to ratio of 0 to total Pt atoms is 0.76. The increase of O/Pts with increasing temperature is explained by the formation of subsurface PtOx. The oxide formation rate is structure sensitive; it forms at appreciable rates only for highly dispersed Pt such as that used in this study.
The Role of the Federal Government in Regulating the Sharing Economy

The sharing economy - also known as the "platform" economy - has captured the attention of scholars, policymakers, and the public, who are grappling with how existing regulatory structures fit these new forms of business organization. Before one gets to the question of what substantive law to apply to these platforms, the federalism question arises, namely: who gets to decide. This Chapter explores the federalism implications of the rise of the platform economy. It argues that while much scholarship focuses on the role of local government in regulating these new platforms, the federal government should play a leading role in three domains: (1) enforcement of national anti-discrimination laws; (2) consumer protection, including with respect to data privacy and information asymmetries; and (3) coordination of local policy experimentation with diffusion of policy successes.
Ultrasound for Volume Assessment in Patients with Shock: Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention for Fourth-year Medical Students.

Objective Shock is a common emergency condition with high morbidity and mortality, and judicious fluid resuscitation can significantly affect outcomes. The use of a bedside echocardiogram and evaluation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) via ultrasound (US) for collapsibility can predict volume status. Additionally, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) 10 states that residents need to be able to address a patient with a critical illness, including hypotension, on Day 1 of residency. Existing literature revealed no published curriculum to teach medical students these skills. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention to teach fourth-year medical students how to utilize IVC US measurement and echocardiography to assist in volume assessment of patients presenting with shock. Methods Students participated in an hour session on the first day of the emergency medicine (EM) clerkship. Didactic effectiveness was evaluated by comparing results on a pre-test and post-test. The test was administered to residents and attendings during the first week of the academic year to gain evidence for content validity. Students also responded to a survey to evaluate learner satisfaction. Results The average score on the validation test was 68.4% (standard deviation (SD): 21.6%, number (n) = 38) for residents and attendings, and 47.4% (SD: 19.4, n = 13) for interns. Students scored an average of 45.6% (SD: 23.6, n = 83) on the pre-test and 66.4% (SD: 22.1 n = 72) on the post-test, p < 0.01 (degrees of freedom (df) = 153, t = 5.7), Cohen's d = 0.92. The satisfaction survey showed 97.6% of students felt the session was worthwhile, 96.4% would recommend it to other students, and 83.1% felt it taught new information. Conclusion These results show that the educational intervention provides a significant increase in knowledge regarding volume assessment and the use of echocardiogram and IVC US. Additionally, students rated the course highly and felt that it provided information not otherwise taught in medical school. This curriculum addresses the AAMC EPA 10, as it increases students' readiness to address hypotension and could add significant value to the medical school curriculum.
School Counselor Sexual Minority Advocacy Competence Scale (SCSMACS): Development, Validity, and Reliability

The purpose of this study was to develop the School Counselor Sexual Minority Advocacy Competence Scale (SCSMACS), a measure to use in training school counselors to advocate for sexual minority stu...
Rapid early onset lymphocyte cell death in mice resistant, but not susceptible to Leishmania major infection.

Leishmania major (Lm) infection in mice is a prototypical model for the role of immune deviation in disease resistance. Resistant strains of mice develop a Th1 response to Lm infection, distinguished by secretion of IL-12 and interferon γ. In contrast, susceptible strains display sustained IL-4 expression characteristic of a Th2 response. However, when mechanisms of cell death are blocked, mice display a susceptible phenotype even in the presence of a strong Th1 response, suggesting that cell death, and not cytokine bias, may be an importnt factor in disease resistance. Here, we investigated this hypothesis by comparing lymphocyte cellularity, cell death and Fas expression in resistant CBA and susceptible BALB/c mice during the course of Lm infection. We found that delayed onset of cell death and late Fas induction correlated with massive lymphocyte accumulation and susceptibility to leishmaniasis, while early cell death and rapid Fas induction occurred in resistant mice.
Pediatric Nuclear Hepatology

The liver and biliary system develops from a bi-lobed (cephalic and caudal) endodermal bud that sprouts along the ventral surface of the distal end of the foregut at its junction with the midgut. The cephalic bud divides into two branches, which later form the right and left lobes of the liver. The caudal bud gives rise to biliary tract and the gallbladder (Fig. 11.1.1, Chap. 1). The biliary tract starts first as a patent tubular structure, but turns into a solid core during early intrauterine life through the proliferation of epithelial cells. After recanalization of the solid core by 12–14 weeks, bile secretion begins and flows into the small intestine. Most of the congenital abnormalities of the biliary tract are due to either failure of recanalization of the ducts (biliary atresia) or faulty recanalization with cystic dilatation of intrahepatic (Caroli’s disease) and extrahepatic ducts (choledochal cyst).
Summary of Discussion on GUTs and Kaluza-Klein Theories

The simplest ’t Hooft-Polyakov monopoles only carry the long range magnetic field and are known (in semiclassical quantization) to possess a spectrum of excitation called dyons. Dyons carry not only a magnetic charge but also a definite electric charge. Consequently they transform according to definite representations of the electromagnetic gauge group.
Chapter 103 – Smooth Muscle in the Normal and Diseased Pulmonary Circulation

Compared to the systemic circulation, the pulmonary circulation is a system of low resistance and high relative compliance, especially of the large conduit vessels. Further, the mature right ventricle is less capable than the left ventricle of acutely or chronically increasing its volume and/or pressure output. This requires efficient coupling of the right ventricle to the pulmonary circulation. The mechanisms involved in this coupling are distinct in the normal pulmonary circulation and marked disturbances are observed during the development of pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. We review distinct characteristics of the pulmonary circulation, and in particular the smooth muscle cells. We describe the changes in cell function, which occur during the development of pulmonary hypertension. We review the cell and molecular mechanisms contributing to changes in the phenotype of smooth muscle and smooth muscle-like cells that are observed in pulmonary hypertension believing that an understanding of these mechanisms will lead to improved treatment options for this devastating condition.
The importance of using 24-hour and nighttime blood pressure for the identification of white coat hypertension: Data from the Jackson Heart Study.

We calculated the prevalence of white coat hypertension (WCH) using out-of-clinic blood pressure (BP) in the daytime period; daytime and 24-hour periods; and daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime periods among 199 African Americans with clinic-measured systolic/diastolic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg in the Jackson Heart Study. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was measured among participants with WCH and 374 participants with sustained normotension (ie, non-hypertensive clinic, daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime BP). The prevalence of WCH was 29.6%, 21.1%, and 10.6% using daytime BP; daytime and 24-hour BP; and daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime BP, respectively. Compared with sustained normotension, LVMI was higher when WCH was defined using daytime BP (adjusted mean difference [95% CI] 5.0 [-0.2, 10.1] g/m2 ), but not when defined using daytime and 24-hour BP or daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime BP (adjusted mean difference [95% CI] 3.9 [-1.9, 9.7] and 0.4 [-7.3,8.2] g/m2 , respectively). Using only daytime BP overestimates the prevalence of WCH among African Americans.
Adaptive Cancellation of Parasitic Coupling

This paper reports a signal processing technique that adaptively identifies a finite-impulse-response (FIR) model of the parasitic coupling between the input ports and the output ports of a microelectromechanical resonator. The identified model is used as a feedforward filter to reduce the severity of the parasitic coupling by subtracting the filtered input port signal from the resonator’s output port signal. The compensated signals reveal the resonator’s motional response, which was previously obscured by the coupling, so that modal frequency and quality factor measurements can be performed. The experimental results also show that the adaptive filter tracks changes in the parasitic coupling during turn-on and warm-up periods. More than 30 dB of suppression of the parasitic coupling is achieved over a broad frequency band. The adaptive FIR filter is implemented on the signal processing equipment that is used to gather resonator stimulus-response data so no modifications to the resonator or its buffer electronics are required. [2018-0035]
Characterization of purinergic receptor expression in ARPKD cystic epithelia

Polycystic kidney diseases (PKDs) are a group of inherited nephropathies marked by formation of fluid-filled cysts along the nephron. Growing evidence suggests that in the kidney formation of cysts and alteration of cystic electrolyte transport are associated with purinergic signaling. PCK/CrljCrl-Pkhd1pck/CRL (PCK) rat, an established model of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), was used here to test this hypothesis. Cystic fluid of PCK rats and their cortical tissues exhibited significantly higher levels of ATP compared to Sprague Dawley rat kidney cortical interstitium as assessed by highly sensitive ATP enzymatic biosensors. Confocal calcium imaging of the freshly isolated cystic monolayers revealed a stronger response to ATP in a higher range of concentrations (above 100 μM). The removal of extracellular calcium results in the profound reduction of the ATP evoked transient, which suggests calcium entry into the cyst-lining cells is occurring via the extracellular (ionotropic) P2X channels. Further use of pharmacological agents (α,β-methylene-ATP, 5-BDBD, NF449, isoPPADS, AZ10606120) and immunofluorescent labeling of isolated cystic epithelia allowed us to narrow down potential candidate receptors. In conclusion, our ex vivo study provides direct evidence that the profile of P2 receptors is shifted in ARPKD cystic epithelia in an age-related manner towards prevalence of P2X4 and/or P2X7 receptors, which opens new avenues for the treatment of this disease.
Adorno, Horkheimer y la «industria cultural»: La construcción de una crítica de la superestructura

El presente articulo analiza las principales aportaciones de Adorno y Horkheimer al analisis de la cultura de masas. Tras repasar brevemente el legado de Walter Benjamin, en tanto que fuente de inspiracion directa para la Dialectica de la Ilustracion, revisamos las propuestas genuinas de los dos frankfurtianos. Desde su propuesta de la tan popularizada nocion de «industria cultural», entendida como superestructura o sistema de dominacion, hasta sus postulados de que la industria de la cultura implica la construccion de un estilo unico que reduciria, inevitablemente, la diversidad artistica y la libertad creativa. El articulo termina esbozando posibles criticas a los planteamientos frankfurtianos, aunque tambien reconociendo la remarcable importancia de sus aportaciones. This article analyzes Adorno’s and Horkheimer’s main contributions to the analysis of mass culture. After reviewing the legacy of Walter Benjamin, as a source of direct inspiration for the Dialectic of the Enlightenment, we review the genuine proposals of the two frankfurtians. From his proposal of the popularized notion of “cultural industry”, understood as superstructure or system of domination, to his postulates that the culture industry implies the construction of a unique style that would inevitably reduce artistic diversity and freedom creative. The article ends up raising possible criticism to the frankfurtian expositions, although also recognizing the particular importance of its contributions.
Racial-Ethnic Diversity and the Decline of Predominantly-White Mainline and Evangelical Protestant Denominations: A Spatial Fixed-Effects Approach

Predominantly white Mainline and Evangelical Protestant denominations are in a state of stagnation or decline in the United States. This is partially because these denominations fail to thrive in the ever-growing racial-ethnic diversity of the U.S. In fact, despite increases in the non-white population, diversity within these Protestant groups remains low. The organizational ecology approach asserts that the mismatch between the potential pool of adherents and the demographic niche occupied by the white Protestant groups encourages decline in areas that are diversifying. Past research supporting this theory, however, have relied on limited samples/timeframes and neglected the spatial autocorrelation of religious adherent rates and its predictors. This study re-examines the linkage between racial-ethnic minority growth and white denominations’ adherent decline using a fixed-effects spatial Durbin model to predict the adherent rates of Mainline and Evangelical Protestants in U.S. counties from 1980 to 2010. Results from the non-spatial fixed effects model fail to identify a significant association for Mainline denominations, but adjusting for spatial dependency reveals a direct effect for Mainline denominations and a spatial spillover effect for Evangelicals. Future studies on religious change and diversity must take their spatial structure into account.
Public school accountability, workplace culture, and teacher morale

Educational scholars claim that teacher morale has suffered from accountability pressures and constrained professionalism, but exactly what is most diminished by these pressures remains unclear. Drawing on recent theoretical work on public school organizational culture, we hypothesize that accountability pressures hurt teacher morale and increase the risk of turnover by undermining the professional culture of the school and by diminishing teacher cooperation and trust. We find support for this hypothesis in a national sample of teachers in 2011-12, and a follow-up survey from 2012-13. The analyses test whether a collective pedagogical teacher culture, comprised of professional culture and teacher collaboration, buffers the impact of these pressures that diminish teacher morale. Counter to past research, we find that a strong collective pedagogical teacher culture does not buffer teachers from the ill effects of negative workplace conditions in the form of accountability pressures. We also find that accountability pressures in the form of district dismissals are associated with a higher likelihood of teachers leaving their school, and this relationship is not mitigated by strong professional culture. We conclude that accountability pressures partly undermine goals of improving performance and equity in public schools by sowing seeds of teacher dissatisfaction and contributing to teacher turnover, thus thwarting student achievement in struggling schools.
García Márquez, lector de Walter Benjamin: apuntes sobre la destrucción de Macondo

Partiendo de la consideracion sobre el significado de la destruccion de Macondo en Cien anos de soledad, este articulo propone leer la conocida novela de Garcia Marquez a la luz de las tesis plante...
Integration of Flow Cytometry and Single Cell Sequencing

Integrating cytometric analysis of cells, mitochondria, and other polynucleotide-containing biological particles with high-throughput single particle sequencing would provide an ultimate bioanalytical tool, simultaneously assessing phenotype, functionality, genome, and transcriptome of each particle in a large population. Here, we describe how such integration could be performed by adapting existing, well-established technologies.
School-based Mindfulness Instruction for Urban Middle-School Males

Background Urban youth are exposed to significant and recurrent stress and trauma, related to community and interpersonal violence, failing schools, and lack of educational opportunities. There is increasing interest in opportunities for male youth to learn techniques that support enhanced self-regulation. Previous research has shown that mindfulness instruction can reduce the negative effects of stress and trauma and improve self-regulation. We aimed to test the effect of school-based mindfulness instruction for urban male youth in the public …
MODELING IMPACTS OF SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION ON SEDIMENT DYNAMICS UNDER STORM CONDITIONS IN UPPER CHESAPEAKE BAY

Submersed aquatic vegetation is an important modulator of sediment delivery from the Susquehanna River through the Susquehanna Flats into the Chesapeake Bay. However, the dynamic interactions between vegetation and the physical drivers of sediment transport through the region are not well understood. This study used a new vegetation component in a coupled flow-wave-sediment transport modeling system (COAWST) to simulate summer through fall 2011, when the region experienced a sequence of events including Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee. Fine sediment was exported under normal flows and high-wind forcing but accumulated under high flows, with accumulation doubling in the presence of vegetation. The relative effects of vegetation under normal flows and high-wind forcing depended on previous sediment dynamics. The presence of vegetation facilitated deposition of fine sediments within the patch under normal flows and subsequent resuspension during a wind-driven event. However, during significant discharge events, the system was completely dominated by riverine dynamics with vegetation enhancing net deposition as well as channeling the flow. While further refinement of the bed model may be needed to capture some nuances, the COAWST modeling system provides new insights into detailed sediment dynamics in complex vegetated deltaic systems.
Nicotine exposure and neuronal activity regulate Golgi membrane dispersal and distribution

Abstract How nicotine exposure produces long-lasting changes that remodel neural circuits with addiction is unknown. Here, we report that long-term nicotine exposure alters the trafficking of α4β2-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α4β2Rs) by dispersing and redistributing the Golgi apparatus. In cultured neurons, dispersed Golgi membranes were distributed throughout somata, dendrites and axons. Small, mobile vesicles in dendrites and axons lacked standard Golgi markers and were identified by other Golgi enzymes that modify glycans. Nicotine exposure increased levels of dispersed Golgi membranes, which required α4β2R expression. Similar nicotine-induced changes occurred in vivo at dopaminergic neurons at mouse nucleus accumbens terminals, consistent with these events contributing to nicotine’s addictive effects. Characterization in vitro demonstrated that dispersal was reversible, that dispersed Golgi membranes were functional, and that membranes were heterogenous in size, with smaller vesicles emerging from larger “ministacks”, similar to Golgi dispersal induced by nocadazole. Protocols that increased cultured neuronal synaptic excitability also increased Golgi dispersal, without the requirement of α4β2R expression. Our findings reveal novel activity- and nicotine-dependent changes in neuronal intracellular morphology. These changes regulate levels and location of dispersed Golgi membranes at dendrites and axons, which function in local trafficking at subdomains.
Priming of Attentional Selection in Macaque Visual Cortex: Feature-Based Facilitation and Location-Based Inhibition of Return.

Abstract Visual search performance varies with stimulus and response history. Priming of pop-out refers to increased accuracy and reduced response time with repeated presentation of particular singleton and distractor features (e.g., a red target among green distractor stimuli), which are abruptly impaired when singleton and distractor features swap (e.g., green target among red distractors). Meanwhile, inhibition of return refers to the slowing of response time when target location repeats. Neurophysiological correlates of both these phenomena have been reported in the frontal eye field (FEF), an area in the frontal lobe contributing to attentional selection and eye movement planning. To understand the mechanistic origin of these adaptive behaviors, we investigated visual cortical area V4, an area providing input to and receiving feedback from FEF, during feature-based priming of pop-out and location-based inhibition of return. Performing a color pop-out task, monkeys exhibited pronounced priming of pop-out and inhibition of return. Neural spiking from V4 revealed earlier target selection associated with priming of pop-out and delayed selection associated with inhibition of return. These results demonstrate substantial involvement of extrastriate visual cortex in behavioral priming and inhibition of return.
The World of the Stonors: A Gentry Society

The Stonor letters and papers are second in quantity only to the Paston letters. Nevertheless, while studies of the 'parvenu' Pastons of Norfolk abound, no historian has used the Stonor archive to write about this significantly longer-established gentry family from Oxfordshire, despite the fact that their letters and papers have been available in print since the early twentieth century and have been recently re-issued. This present study helps to rectify that oversight. It argues that lineage, land and lordship were crucial elements in the Stonors' world, both materially and culturally, providing them with status and identity. They asserted their gentle lineage using a range of symbolic and other means, but did not neglect the more mundane management of their scattered lands. Ties of lordship with the influential helped them to retain these lands, and it is clear that the Stonors worked hard to foster relationships with kin and neighbours: indeed, their letters and papers allow us a far more extensive yet intimate view of all these social ties [extending over several counties] than is usually possible for the gentry. Dr ELIZABETH NOBLE teaches in the School of the Humanities, University of New England, New South Wales.
CADDAC: Multi-Client Collaborative Shape Design System With Server-Based Geometry Kernel

New and efficient paradigms for web-based product design will be driven by increased outsourcing in a global economy, increased competition, and a reduction in product development time. We have developed a three-tier (client-server-database) architecture based collaborative shape design system, Computer Aided Distributed Design and Collaboration (CADDAC). CADDAC has a centralized geometry kernel and constraint solver. The server-side provides support for solid modeling, constraint solving operations, data management, and synchronization of clients. The server also holds the master copy of the CAD model that is used to update the local version of the shape model on the clients. The client-side performs real-time creation, modification, and deletion of geometry over the network. The clients are also capable of viewing three-dimensional model and manipulating it by applying rotational, translation, and scaling transformations. In order to keep the clients thin, many computationally intensive operations, such as solid modeling and constraint solving, are performed at the server. Only the graphics rendering pipeline operations comprising of matrix transformations, clipping, viewport mapping, rasterization, and pixel operations, are performed at the client-side. Our work lead to a thin client-side that is capable of geometry and constraint creation, modification, and deletion over the network.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Multi-Criteria Clustering for Intelligent Tele-Communications Systems

Intelligent mobile agents are sent between routers to carry out a set of required tasks. Mobile agents can carry algorithms and information to various routers they visit. Critical information that all mobile agents should carry includes: timer, navigation algorithm, network information, stability of the network, and load traffic of the network. By clustering intelligent mobile agents, It is possible to minimize the cost of time for each agent to travel to its required routers and the number of intelligent mobile agents. Each router has certain capability and hence an only process certain requests of each intelligent agent. The problem is to group the intelligent mobile agent into a number of clusters such 1h.t that each cluster has similarity in responding to a group of routers. This can significantly decrease the demand imposed upon a network for a set of required task be he performed. In this paper, we present the problem of multiple criteria clustering of intelligent mobile agents where the decision is to cluster mobile agents such that a group of similar intelligent mobile agents will visit a group of similar routers. This grouping will decrease the total number of visits and the total number of agents, decreasing demand on the network.
Axillary Nodal Metastases in Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Versus Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: Comparison of Node Detection and Morphology by Ultrasound.

BACKGROUND. Invasive lobular carcinoma is more subtle on imaging compared with invasive ductal carcinoma; nodal metastases may also differ on imaging between these two. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of th...
Examining the geographic distribution of six chronic disease risk factors for severe COVID-19: Veteran-nonveteran differences.

ObjectivesWe aimed to better understand where the prevalence of risk factors for severe COVID-19 occur, especially among veterans and nonveterans – populations that are given the opportunity to see...
Predictors of sac regression after fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair

Abstract Objective Aneurysm sac regression after standard endovascular aortic repair is associated with improved outcomes, but similar data are limited after fenestrated endovascular aortic repair (FEVAR). We sought to evaluate sac regression after FEVAR, and identify any predictors of this favorable outcome. Methods Patients undergoing elective FEVAR using the commercially available Zenith Fenestrated device (ZFEN; Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN) from 2012 to 2018 at a single institution were reviewed retrospectively. The maximal aortic diameter was compared between the preoperative scan and those obtained in follow-up. Patients with of 5 mm or more sac regression were included in the regression (REG) group, with all others in the nonregression (NONREG) group. Outcomes were compared between groups using univariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify any predictive factors for sac regression. Results We included 132 patients undergoing FEVAR in the analysis. At a mean follow-up of 33.1 months, 65 patients (49.2%) had sac regression of 5 mm or more and comprised the REG group (n = 65 [49.2%]). The REG group had smaller diameter devices, and were less likely to have had concomitant chimney grafts placed (P Conclusions Sac regression after FEVAR occurred in nearly one-half of patients, but seems to be less common in patients with persistent type II endoleaks and those undergoing concomitant parallel grafting. Sac regression was associated with a significant survival advantage, and can be used as a clinical marker for success after FEVAR.
Extendibility Properties of Real Submanifolds of Cn

In 1906 F.Hartogs [4] discovered that a function analytic in a neighborhood of the bicyclinder in C2 could always be extended to an analytic function defined in a neighborhood of all the bicyclinder. Not much later (1910) E.E.Levi [6] found a local analogue of Hartogs’ result: let h: C2 →R be differentiable and suppose that M = h-1 (0) is a submanifold of C2.
Microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of Fe30Ni20Mn35Al15

Abstract A novel alloy with nominal composition Fe 30 Ni 20 Mn 35 Al 15 was prepared by arc melting. Secondary electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy examinations showed that it had a eutectoid structure, consisting of alternating FCC and B2 lamellae, whose widths were ∼ 500 nm and ∼ 200 nm, respectively. The room-temperature yield strength and Vickers hardness of the as-cast alloy were 740 ± 30 MPa and HV310 ± 15, respectively, and the alloy exhibited ∼ 8% elongation under tension.
From Pioneering to Persevering: Family Farming in Indiana to 1880

Review of: "From Pioneering to Persevering: Family Farming in Indiana to 1880," by Paul Salstrom.
A flare-like event from the short-period system XY UMa

XY UMa (+55°1317, SA027143) is a short-period (P 0.48 d) cousin of the RS CVn stars. The primary star is G2-G5V; the secondary K5 (Geyer, quoted by Lorenzi and Scaltriti, 1977). Geyer (1977) has done the bulk of the observational work to date, including the first photoelectric observations. The rapid, annual changes in XY UMa’s light curve, and the fact that the last published light curves was from the 1977 season convinced us to reobserve this active system.
Export expansion and economic growth

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between export expansion and economic growth in a sample of seventy-three developing countries, using data for the period 1960–1978. It shows that in both groups of low- and middle-income countries, export expansion is associated with better economic performance and that an important cause of this association is the favorable impact of exports on total factor productivity. The paper also demonstrates that the effect of commodity composition of exports on the relationship between export expansion and economic growth is substantial in more advanced developing economies.
Longitudinal assessment of cognitive and psychosocial functioning after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Exploring disaster impact on middle-aged, older, and oldest-old adults

The authors examined the effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (HKR) on cognitive and psychosocial functioning in a lifespan sample of adults 6 to 14 months after the storms. Participants were recruited from the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study (LHAS). Most were assessed during the immediate impact period and retested for this study. Analyses of pre-and post-disaster cognitive data confirmed that storm-related decrements in working memory for middle-aged and older adults observed in the immediate impact period had returned to pre-hurricane levels in the post-disaster recovery period. Middle-aged adults reported more storm-related stressors and greater levels of stress than the two older groups at both waves of testing. These results are consistent with a burden perspective on post-disaster psychological reactions.
Inhibition of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) on the chemosensitivity of mantle cell lymphoma to agents that induce DNA strand breaks

There is a high incidence of genomic aberration of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and genes encoding proteins involved in the ATM pathway in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). It has been shown that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) strongly enhances the cytotoxicity of agents, causing single-strand DNA breaks in cells with impaired homologous recombination repair. Here, we show that PARPi AG14361 potentiates the cytotoxicity induced by topotecan treatment in MCL cell lines, which was not dependent on either TP53 or CHEK2 status. Inhibition and/or knockdown of ATM and BRCA2 did not potentiate the cytotoxic effect of treatment with PARPi and topotecan. With loss of function of ATM, other kinases can still mediate activation of ATM substrates as demonstrated by continued phosphorylation of CHEK2 (Thr-68), although attenuated and delayed. These results suggest that PARPi may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of DNA damaging agents on MCL through TP53-independent mechanisms without requiring the inhibition of either ATM or BRCA2.
Flow regimes and void fractions during condensation of hydrocarbons in horizontal smooth tubes

Abstract Phase change in hydrocarbons is of interest to the petroleum, refining, and chemical processing industry, as well as in HVAC and in organic Rankine power cycles. An experimental investigation of flow regimes and void fractions during condensation of propane flowing through smooth horizontal tubes with internal diameters of 7.0 mm and 15.0 mm was conducted. Measurements were made over mass fluxes ranging from 75 to 450 kg m−2 s−1, operating pressures ranging from 952 to 1218 kPa, and nominal vapor qualities ranging from 0.05 to 0.95. Results from this experimental study are compared with predictions from correlations in the literature, and agreement and differences are interpreted and discussed. Appropriate flow regime transition criteria between the wavy and annular flow regimes are highlighted. Detailed analyses of the video frames are also used to develop a new multi-regime void fraction model that uses the drift flux model framework. The model provides improved agreement with the experimental results when compared to correlations from the literature, and predicts the trends with mass flux, tube diameter and pressure well.
Noninvasive treatment of uterine fibroids: early Mayo Clinic experience with magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound.

Uterine fibroids often cause symptoms of pelvic pain, pressure, and bleeding. Traditional therapies have included medical (eg, hormonal therapy) and surgical (eg, myomectomy, hysterectomy) options. Recently, uterine artery embolization was added to the treatment armamentarium. We describe an exciting new noninvasive treatment option using focused ultrasound with magnetic resonance imaging and summarize the early experience at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, during the initial research studies of this new technology.
Hall coefficient and transverse magneto-resistance in HgTe at 4·2°k and 77°k

Abstract Using a computer optimization routine, it was ascertained that magneto-Hall and magnetoresistance data for HgTe at 4·2°K could be fitted by a three-carrier model involving two sets of electrons and one set of holes. This quantitative examination of the number and types of carriers establishes the occurrence of off-axis maxima [see Fig. 1(d)] associated with the inverted band structure model for HgTe. Under special crystal growth conditions the electron Hall mobility at 4·2°K of HgTe exceeded 640,000 cm2/V-sec.
Chromium-51 in Food Metabolizability and Passage Rate Studies with the Ring-necked Pheasant

Abstract INTRODUCTION MANY labels have been tested as indicator substances (Browne, 1922; Bergeim, 1926; Hoelzel, 1930; Henry et al., 1933; Forbes and Garrigus, 1948; Reid et al., 1952; Imabayashi et al., 1956; Mueller, 1956; Hollis and Thompson, 1958; and Tuckey et al., 1958). But the most widely used marker is chromic oxide which was first suggested by Edin (1918) for use in digestion trials. It has since been used in nutritional studies of pigs (Moore, 1957), man (Irwin and Crampton, 1951), cattle (Smith and Reid, 1955), sheep (Johnson et al., 1964), Japanese quail (McFarland and Freedland, 1965), and poultry (Hill and Renner, 1963). Recently, however, radioactive chromium (51-Cr) has been found by several investigators to be useful for digestive studies with mammals. Alternative methods for energy metabolism studies do not use inert food markers. The total collection technique for determining the metabolizability coefficient of a diet can be employed (Kendeigh, 1949; . . .
Tumor-Induced Senescent T Cells with Suppressor Function: A Potential Form of Tumor Immune Evasion

Senescent and suppressor T cells are reported to be increased in select patients with cancer and are poor prognostic indicators. Based on the association of these T cells and poor outcomes, we hypothesized that tumors induce senescence in T cells, which negatively effects antitumor immunity. In this report, we show that human T cells from healthy donors incubated with tumor for only 6 h at a low tumor to T-cell ratio undergo a senescence-like phenotype, characterized by the loss of CD27 and CD28 expression and telomere shortening. Tumor-induced senescence of T cells is induced by soluble factors and triggers increases in expression of senescence-associated molecules such as p53, p21, and p16. Importantly, these T cells are not only phenotypically altered, but also functionally altered as they can suppress the proliferation of responder T cells. This suppression requires cell-to-cell contact and is mediated by senescent CD4(+) and CD8(+) subpopulations, which are distinct from classically described natural T regulatory cells. Our observations support the novel concept that tumor can induce senescent T cells with suppressor function and may effect both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
How to evaluate 'dipstick hematuria': what to do before you refer

Although major health organizations do not support screening for hematuria by dipstick testing, millions of patients without symptoms are tested yearly. Since urinary dipstick tests for hematuria have a high false-positive rate, patients with positive dipstick results require microscopic urinalysis before the diagnosis of hematuria can be made. Primary care physicians can help protect patients from the anxiety, costs, and risks of an unnecessary urologic workup by adhering to the principles of early hematuria management.
Toxic tinkering--lethal-injection execution and the Constitution.

In the 2008 U.S. Supreme Court case, Baze v. Rees, the Court ruled that Kentucky's three-drug protocol (sodium thiopental, pancuronium bromide, and potassium chloride) for lethal injection does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment and does not violate the U.S. Constitution. The author summarizes the seven separate opinions written by the justices and discusses the implications of the decision.
Design and development of a novel micro-clasp gripper for micromanipulation of complex-shaped objects

Abstract This paper presents the design and development of a novel tool, called the micro-clasp gripper, for accomplishing firm and stable gripping and manipulation of complex-shaped micro-scale objects in any orientation using a single rectilinear actuator. The micro-clasp gripper is a compliant mechanism comprised of an endeffector with a closed-loop boundary that can be folded and unfolded in a plane by the action of the rectilinear actuator. Upon actuation, the endeffector of the micro-clasp gripper clasps an object by first encircling the object, and then, folding in on the object to accomplish multi-point contact with the object. This clasping of the micro-object with multi-point contact ensures a stable grip on the object regardless of its shape and initial orientation, even in presence of ambient disturbances the transport of the object or complex micromanipulation and microassembly tasks. The design of the micro-clasp gripper is obtained through a systematic modeling and topology optimization techniques, and a proof-of-principle device is microfabricated using conventional micromachining techniques. The device design is validated through experiment-model correlation studies on the input-output characteristic of the micromachined prototype, and practical feasibility of the clasping functionality of the gripper is demonstrated through experiments involving grasping and repositioning of irregularly shaped micro-particles on a glass substrate.