cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of Cells Expressing SAA3 mRNA by in Situ Hybridization

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a family of proteins found circulating mainly associated with high density lipoproteins.1–3 They behave as acute phase reactants: Only trace amounts are found normally but in response to inflammatory conditions or injury the levels are elevated several hundred fold.4,5 Amyloid A protein is the main protein constituent found in the amyloid fibrils of reactive amyloidosis and is a fragment of serum amyloid A.6–8 in the mouse, serum amyloid A is encoded by a family of three active genes,9 (SAA1, SAA2, SAA3) but only SAA2 is the precursor to amyloid A protein.10 The liver is the major site of SAA synthesis where, following LPS stimulation of mice, messenger RNA for each of the three genes is elevated approximately 1,000 fold.11 Serum amyloid A genes are also expressed in extrahepatic tissues, however this is almost exclusively limited to expression of the SAA3 mRNA.12,13 We wish to determine the source of SAA3 mRNA in extrahepatic sites: Is SAA3 message expressed by a single cell system dispersed throughout the extrahepatic tissues, or are the differentiated cells of the various tissues responsible for SAA3 expression?
Reaganomics, Saving, and the Casino Effect

During the 1980s the theory of “supply-side economics” became identified with the set of policies known as “Reaganomics,” policies aimed at ending inflation without reducing output and employment and thus escaping the stagnation that afflicted the U.S. economy during the 1970s. Tight monetary policy would curb inflation, while supply-side incentives would expand employment and production. Most of all, personal saving would be expanded through the incentives of tax cuts for the highest income earners. Supply-side economics thus became the Holy Grail of savers. Reaganomics, by whatever name or design, culminated in what I call the “Casino Economy.”
Summary and Perspectives

Considered for decades an unique gland with an unique secretion (insulin), the islet organ has lost, in recent years, its special status. In the gnathostomes it is now recognized as a complex endocrine gland that produces four or more “major” hormones, and a varying number of co-secretions. None of these hormones and co-secretions appear to be specific for the islet organ; rather, the major islet secretions (or closely related messenger substances) existed long before the islet organ evolved from “open” mucosa cells. When, apparently in parallel with the complex organization of the vertebrates, the “need” for new endocrine glands developed, the originally “open” insulin cells shifted from the gut to a site ideally suited for the monitoring of the systemic blood. Here, with an arterial blood supply and a location downstream from the protopancreas, the insulin cells (now “closed” B-cells) are exposed to the metabolites in the same concentrations as they arrive at their tissue sites of uptake (Fig. 2.6). Teleologically, this arrangement is rational because it allows a reinforcement and coordination of messages from open mucosa cells, released by luminal stimuli, and the message from the B-cells, released by blood-borne stimuli. It is likely that before the ammocoete stage, there was a situation in which B-cells acted in concert with “open” insulin cells of the gut. Since gut cells producing glucagon, PP, somatostatin (or closely related peptides) still reside within the gastrointestinal mucosa of “higher” vertebrates (for literature see Chap. 2.2), we may assume that the corresponding islet cells left the gut for the same reason as the B-cells: reinforcement of, and/or coordination with, gut messages. Therefore, we proposed to interpret the islets and open gut endocrines as members of a dual control system of digestive and metabolic functions (Epple et al. 1980), consisting of agonists and antagonists (see Fig. 14.1).
The Relationship Between Organizational Variables and Client Outcomes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore whether and how organizational characteristics help explain client outcome variance. This case study of a child welfare agency revealed paradoxical conditions within the agency that reflect complex relationships between its organizational characteristics and client outcomes. These relationships suggest that organizational characteristics have the potential to impact negatively or positively client outcomes via the case managers-the service providers who have the most contact with clients, and who act as a bridge between the clients and the agency. However, the capability of organizational characteristics (e.g., negative working conditions) to adversely impact client outcomes may be diluted by organizational buffers (e.g., co-worker support). These organizational buffers may serve as protective factors for the workers in promoting good work performance to effect desirable outcomes for their clients.
Molecular Sieve Studies of Interacting Protein Systems II. ENUMERATION OF COMPONENTS AND DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS

Studies of chemically reacting systems of macromolecules by conventional transport experiments are subject to inherent ambiguities. These uncertainties often prohibit an unequivocal determination of the explicit reactions which give rise to the average properties being measured. Such difficulties may be circumvented with molecular sieve chromatography in which subunit dissociation curves are obtained on columns of different gel porosity. From such data, procedures are described for enumeration of components in a complex reaction mixture and for determination of their molecular size distribution. For a system having k components data must be obtained on at least 2k − 1 columns of different porosity to obtain the weight fractions of all components in the system. If the equilibria are shifted by variation in some parameter, such as total concentration, and the distributions are determined at various resulting states of the equilibria, it is possible to calculate stoichiometries between all components and to determine the equilibrium constants for the system. Additional information that can be obtained with these procedures includes the weight average degree of polymerization and the molecular weight of monomer. These procedures depend on the fact that molecular sieve partition coefficients are linearly independent functions of both the molecular size and calibration constants (porosity) of the gel. Experimental data are presented in support of this linear independence. Feasibility of the mathematical procedures has been shown by calculations carried out for a hypothetical dissociation reaction in which random errors have been applied to the ideal dissociation curves, and the resulting data have been used to calculate the stoichiometry and equilibrium constant for the reaction. In order to minimize the effort involved in multiple column experiments and to obtain an overdetermined system for calculations, the methods can be extended to a single column in which an arbitrary gradient of gel porosity is established. The basic features of this molecular sieve gradient chromatography technique are outlined and its potential use in determining molecular size distributions has been described. These methods are applicable to multicomponent systems in which the various species are in rapidly reversible equilibrium, in slow equilibrium, or are noninteracting. The use of columns having more than one gel porosity provides a stringent test for the assumption that the column bed material does not itself perturb the chemical equilibria being studied.
Does Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring (IONM) Cause Delays in Surgical Cases? (P6.337)

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate if IONM significantly delays surgical start times. BACKGROUND: There is belief that the time needed to prepare patients for IONM delays the start of surgery. To our knowledge, the effect of IONM on surgical start times has not been evaluated. DESIGN/METHODS: We evaluated surgical times for extra-cranial, intra-cranial (EC-IC) carotid artery bypass surgeries with and without IONM. At our institution, after July 2013 these cases no longer have IONM, but are performed with the same surgical and anesthesia teams as before and, therefore, present a useful control arm. In order to further limit bias, we sampled cases for similar months in 2012 and 2013 to account for possible gaps in resident training in earlier months. Twenty cases with IONM from August-October 2012 and 11 cases without IONM from August-October 2013 were retrospectively reviewed for “in room,” “first incision,” and “out of room” times. Total time in minutes were calculated and averaged for each surgical time-frame. RESULTS: The average “in room to incision” time for the cases with IONM was 106.15 minutes, compared to 106.09 minutes for non-IONM cases. The average “incision to out of room” times were 357.5 minutes and 433.54 minutes for the IONM and non-IONM cases, respectively. “In room to out of room” times were 463.65 minutes for the IONM cases, and 539.63 minutes for the non-IONM cases. CONCLUSIONS: Through parallel IONM setup, anesthesia induction, and patient preparation, surgical start time is not significantly delayed with IONM for EC-IC carotid bypass surgeries. There are limitations to our study as we currently do not have a large number of cases in both the IONM and non-IONM groups. However, we are continuing data collection and we expect to have large enough groups to perform statistical analysis and update our results. Disclosure: Dr. Ghavami has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nguyen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Le has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cho has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jaffe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lopez has received research support from Yes
IFE Chamber Technology - Status and Future Challenges

Significant progress has been made on addressing critical issues for inertial fusion energy (IFE) chambers for heavy-ion, laser and Z-pinch drivers. A variety of chamber concepts are being investigated including dry-wall (currently favored for laser IFE), wetted-wall (applicable to both laser and ion drivers), and thick-liquid-wall favored by heavy ion and z-pinch drivers. Recent progress and remaining challenges in developing IFE chambers are reviewed.
Hüseyin Nail Kubali and Durkheim’s Professional ethics and civic morals

A swirl of puzzles surrounds a work of Emile Durkheim’s that Jonathan Z. Smith claims is the ‘single most provocative treatment of’ the idea of the sacred in the Durkheimian corpus – Professional Ethics and Civic Morals. Why, one asks, was Durkheim’s work first published in Turkey, especially when the lectures that gave rise to this volume had been delivered in France in the early years of the twentieth century? Of what particular importance was Durkheim for modern Turkish thinkers, and what kinds of thinkers might they be? And, what of this particular work of Durkheim’s? What special purpose, moreover, might have been served by publishing it in Turkey when it was – in 1950? Why was the volume edited by (and who was?) Huseyin Nail Kubali? What were his motives – both of a scientific kind or of a wider social or political sort? These are the questions that are addressed in this article. As readers will discover, in answering them, a nest of hidden themes is uncovered – a nest that few readers – even those who know the Durkheim corpus – will have anticipated. Not only are Durkheimian interpretations of religion at issue, but also the particular bearing of Durkheimianism on modern Turkey. This link with modern Turkey, in turn, brings to the surface many of the controversial questions now vexing the European Union as it ponders the possibility of Turkish membership of the EU – questions of human rights, civil society, the rule of law, the relation of religion and state, to name just the most relevant to the content of this article.
Casting Off, and Reclaiming, the Weberian Tradition: Comparative Law and Socio-Legal Studies

One finds everywhere signs of a new rapprochement between comparative law and socio-legal studies. A new series of shared topics, including, in particular, questions surrounding the character of law in transnational or globalized conditions, and the consequences of the exportation or importation of doctrines, practices and institutions associated with the Rule of Law from one jurisdiction to another, engage both comparative lawyers and socio-legal scholars. Likewise, a series of methodological shifts in both fields - shifts emblematic of wider epistemological realignments in law, the humanities and the social sciences - has rendered some of the old fault lines between socio-legal studies and comparative law increasingly obsolete. In this chapter, I consider some of the traditional disputes between comparative lawyers and socio-legal studies as outdated legacies of their different appropriations of the legal sociology of Max Weber. I argue that methodological progress in both fields demands casting off some of the vestiges of the Weberian tradition that continue, consciously or not, to dictate the path of research in both fields. But whatever the problems with Weber's larger argument and comparative methods, certain distinctions, Weber's work also continues to fascinate and I argue that returning to some other aspects of the Weberian tradition - in particular Weber's interest in the character of legal knowledge, and his refusal to situate his work squarely within either legal or sociological methodological camps - directs us to a different future for socio-legal approaches to comparative law.
Prospects for Structural Reform of the Bankruptcy System

Congress is presently considering the possibility of structural reform for the processes of handling bankruptcy cases in this country. Major revision of the Bankruptcy Act' has not occurred since 1938 and the several suggestions for reform indicate that a substantial change is overdue.2 This Article analyzes the three major proposals for possible revisions of the bankruptcy system. It then assesses the impact of the proposed revisions on the bankruptcy caseload and concludes with a discussion of the current obstacles to structural bankruptcy reform.
Multi-user relay networks with massive MIMO

The asymptotic performance of multi-user amplify-and-forward relay networks with massive MIMO is investigated. By using transmit power scaling laws at the user nodes, the asymptotic signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) expressions are derived when the antenna counts at the relay and destination are allowed to grow unbound, and thereby, the asymptotic sum rate expressions are obtained. Notably, these asymptotic SINRs and sum rates are independent of the fast fading component of the wireless channel, and consequently, yield a low-complexity medium access control layer and reduced latency in the air interface. Further, the detrimental impact of practical transmission impairments, including (i) imperfect channel state information (CSI), (ii) co-channel interference (CCI), and (iii) pilot contamination is studied by deriving the corresponding asymptotic SINRs and sum rates. For the perfect CSI case, the transmit power at each user node can be scaled down inversely proportional to the antenna count at the relay without degrading the system performance. However, for the imperfect CSI case, the transmit powers of the user nodes can only be scaled down inversely proportional to the square-root of the number of relay antennas. Interestingly, for the perfect CSI case, the presence of CCI neither affects these transmit power scaling laws nor degrades the asymptotic SINR. However, pilot contamination significantly limits the system performance.
Nobility and Stupidity: Modeling the Evolution of Class Endogamy

Class endogamy is a phenomenon in which nobles only marry other nobles and commoners only marry other commoners. The origin of class endogamy, and of social stratification in general, is a major open question in archaeology. This paper implements a verbal model proposed by Marcus and Flannery as a class of agent-based computer models by generalizing and simplifying a mathematical model of marriage markets developed by Burdett and Coles. One force that can produce class endogamy occurs if agents are only willing to marry suitors having status no less than some fixed value below the status of their highest-status suitor, which they can learn. Another such force results if children inherit the average of their parents' statuses. In contrast, status achieved over an agent's lifetime can be viewed as noise, analogous to mutation in biological evolution. I propose that class endogamy may have resulted from the interaction of forces such as these, along with other factors such as ideology. Simulation results are presented, and potential areas for future research are sketched out. The validity of these models for any particular culture depends, of course, on whether these forces were actually operating in that society.
Spread-Spectrum Road-Automobile Communications

There are several issues relevant for spread spectrum communications between roadside beacons and moving vehicles. The goal to achieve a desired error-probability performance and communicate a given amount of information between a beacon and moving vehicles imposes certain requirements on the power, bandwidth, and complexity. These requirements are studied under some worst case scenario.
Manubrium-sparing sternotomy and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with tracheal stoma

The presence of a tracheal stoma in patients with previous total laryngectomy who require cardiac operations is associated with an increased risk of wound complications and tracheal injuries when a full sternotomy is used. The aim of this report is to describe a technique of manubrium-sparing sternotomy, which can be used in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass.
Molecular orbital theory of simple carbonium ions

Abstract The structures of the cations CH + 3 , CH + 5 , C 2 H + 3 and C 2 H + 5 are examined by ab initio molecular orbital theory. A systematic procedure for improving the basis set and refining the equilibrium geometry is used. It is found that the addition of polarization functions (d-functions on carbon and p-functions on hydrogen) has a greater stabilizing effect on non-classical forms of C 2 H + 3 , and C 2 H + 5 . In the case of C 2 H + 5 the lowest calculated energy is found for a bridged structure if such functions are included.
The Third Reich in Power, 1933–1939 – By Richard J. Evans

The reviewer had the pleasure of reviewing the highly praised first volume of the author's planned three‐volume history of the Third Reich for The Historian[Fall 2005] and would encourage readers t...
Introduction to the Clemson University 15 MW Hardware-In-the-Loop Grid Simulator

This paper is an introduction to the implementation of the 15 MW Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) Grid Simulator that serves as the corner stone of the Duke Energy Electric Grid Research, Innovation and Development (eGRID) Center. The eGRID Center is collocated with the Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing Facility (WTDTF) within the SCE&G Energy Innovation Center at Clemson University's Restoration Institute in North Charleston, SC, USA. It will be demonstrated how the 15 MW Grid Simulator is able to be utilized in conjunction with either the 7.5 MW or the 15 MW wind turbine dynamometers within the WTDTF, or as a stand-alone test facility. The 15 MW Grid Simulator topology and technical details will be discussed as they relate to grid integration and performance evaluations of medium voltage, multi-megawatt equipment destined for the power system. The system topology consists of a unique combination of state-of-the-art power conversion equipment with passive reactive impedance divider circuits in order to provide a robust solution for fault ride-through evaluations while also having the accuracy and bandwidth to perform power quality evaluations and power hardware-in-the-loop experiments.
Henry Darcy in his own words

A recently published English translation of the Les Fontaines publiques de la ville de Dijon 1 provides access to Henry Darcy's own words on the importance of water for public sanitation and on questions engineers face in building water supply systems. Written near the end of Darcy's life, the book is a compendium of the water knowledge he had gained over decades and his opinions on these topics reveal his personality. In the 1840s, Darcy built a water supply system to provide water to 120 street fountains for domestic purposes, street washing and firefighting. Surrounded by poverty, Darcy insisted on free water for the poor and on sharing the spring water with towns located along the aqueduct that brought it to Dijon. In the preface to the book, Darcy introduces his experiment on water flow through sand with the modest words “to my knowledge, no one has experimentally demonstrated the laws of water flow through sand.” This article provides a sampling of the book's insights into the personality of this remarkable man.
A basin modeling and organic geochemistry study in the Vallecitos syncline, San Joaquin Basin, California

Abstract The Vallecitos syncline is a westerly structural extension of the San Joaquin Basin. The Vallecitos oil field, comprised of eight separate areas that produce from Cretaceous and Paleogene reservoirs, accounted for 5.4 MMB of oil and 5.6 BCF associated of gas through 2010. However, exploration for oil and gas in the Vallecitos area is challenging due to structural complexity and limited data. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether source rocks are actively generating petroleum in the Vallecitos syncline and to improve our understanding of burial history and timing of hydrocarbon generation. We conducted biomarker analysis on twenty-two oil samples from the Vallecitos syncline. Source-related biomarkers show two genetic groups of oil, which originated from two different source rocks. These results differ from earlier published interpretations in which the Kreyenhagen Formation is the only source rock in the Vallecitos syncline, and suggest that the Cretaceous Moreno Formation in the syncline also is an active source rock. Stratigraphic evidence and modeling suggest that late Cenozoic episodes of erosion due to folding and uplift removed significant overburden on the flanks of the syncline. To better understand the petroleum systems and clarify the total active source rocks in the area, 2D burial histories were generated through the Vallecitos syncline. A published cross-section through the deepest part of the syncline was selected to conduct thermal history, basin evolution, and migration analyses. The 2D model results indicate that the lower Kreyenhagen Formation has various maturities within the formation at different locations in the present-day syncline. The basal part of the Kreyenhagen Formation is in the dry gas window and maturity decreases away from the central part to the flanks. It remains immature along shallow portions of the present-day flanks. In contrast, the basal part of the Moreno Formation achieved extremely high maturity (past the gas generation zone) but is in the oil generation zone on the flanks of the syncline at shallow depth. All of our geochemical and 2D model results suggest that there are two active source rocks in the Vallecitos syncline. Accordingly, we propose that there are two active petroleum systems in the Vallecitos syncline.
An Ecosystem for Learning and Using Sensor-Driven IM Status Messages

The Nomatic prototype system and communications ecosystem automatically infers users' place, activity, and availability from sensors on their handheld devices or laptop computers and then reports this information to their instant-messaging contacts.In our system, Nomatic (nomad and automatic), we explore a way to amplify and leverage this passive style of content creation by focusing on status messages. These short bits of text are usually created by users in the context of small communities of people who monitor each other for playor work-related distributed coordination. Status messages appear in instant-messaging (IM) clients as short customizable phrases such as "at lunch" or "out of the office." Commercial services also provide facilities for communicating status without IM (for example, Facebook, Twitter, and Jaiku). By simply attaching sensor data to the status information that users enter in IM, we can create a rich ecosystem of context-aware applications that benefit users. At the most basic level, keeping status content up to date helps mitigate the increasing problem of interruptions in mobile communications, but there are many other potential uses of such data. To be effective, we must keep this ecosystem in balance by supporting the user's ability to provide status information, supporting other users' ability to understand that data, and effectively motivating both types of users to keep their status information accurate.
Phonon density of states and heat capacity of La 3 − x Te 4

The phonon density of states (DOS) of La_(3−x)Te_4 compounds (x=0.0,0.18,0.32) was measured at 300, 520, and 780 K, using inelastic neutron scattering. A significant stiffening of the phonon DOS and a large broadening of features were observed upon introduction of vacancies on La sites (increasing x). Heat-capacity measurements were performed at temperatures 1.85 ≤ T ≤ 1200 K and were analyzed to quantify the contributions of phonons and electrons. The Debye temperature and the electronic coefficient of heat capacity determined from these measurements are consistent with the neutron-scattering results, and with previously reported first-principles calculations. Our results indicate that La vacancies in La_(3−x)Te_4 strongly scatter phonons and this source of scattering appears to be independent of temperature. The stiffening of the phonon DOS induced by the introduction of vacancies is explained in terms of the electronic structure and the change in bonding character. The temperature dependence of the phonon DOS is captured satisfactorily by the quasiharmonic approximation.
Kinetics and Fidelity of Polymerization by DNA Polymerase III from Sulfolobus solfataricus

We have biochemically and kinetically characterized the polymerase and exonuclease activities of the third B-family polymerase (Dpo3) from the hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeon, Sulfolobus solfataricus (Sso). We have established through mutagenesis that despite incomplete sequence conservation, the polymerase and exonuclease active sites are functionally conserved in Dpo3. Using pre-steady-state kinetics, we can measure the fidelity of nucleotide incorporation by Dpo3 from the polymerase active site alone to be 103–104 at 37 °C. The functional exonuclease proofreading active site will increase fidelity by at least 102, making Dpo3 comparable to other DNA polymerases in this family. Additionally, Dpo3's exonuclease activity is modulated by temperature, where a loss of promiscuous degradation activity can be attributed to a reorganization of the exonuclease domain when it is bound to primer–template DNA at high temperatures. Unexpectedly, the DNA binding affinity is weak compared with those of other DNA polyme...
Ocular manifestations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease).

Although hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a cause of bloody tears from the conjunctival telangiectasias, visual loss from intraocular vascular malformations is a rare complication. We examined 20 patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia to determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in this disease. Seven patients (35%) had conjunctival telangiectasias and two (10%) had retinal vascular malformations.
Nicotinic acid treatment of bovine ketosis. II. Effects on long-chain fatty acid compositions of plasma lipid fractions.

Abstract Long chain fatty acid compositions of triglycerides (TG), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), cholesterol esters (CE), and phospholipids (PL) were examined from seven normal cows, six subclinically ketotic cows, and seven clinically ketotic cows. Ketotic cows were treated with 160g nicotinic acid orally in four 40-g doses at 2-hr intervals. Ketosis was characterized by elevated percentages of C16:0 in TG and PL and elevated C18:1 percentages in all lipid fractions while C18:0 percentages were depressed in all lipid fractions. Rebound effects of nicotinic acid, noted 2 days after treatment, included inceased percentages of C18:1 in TG and NEFA fatty acids, indicating accelerated lipid mobilization. Decreasing percentages of C18:1 in TG and NEFA after Day 2 indicated the return to normal was associated with decreasing adipose mobilization. Triglyceride C18:0 was selectively taken up by the mammary gland under all condition, while NEFA C18:1 was selectively taken up only during periods of excess adipose mobilization. Following nicotinic acid treatment of ketosis, milk fat C14:0 and C16:0 percentages rose while percentages of C18:1 fell.
AQUATIC BIOMASS RESOURCES AND CARBON DIOXIDE TRAPPING

Intensively managed microalgal production facilities are capable of fixing several-fold more carbon dioxide per unit area than trees or crops. Although CO2 is still released when fuels derived from algal biomass are burned, integration of microalgal farms for flue gas capture approximately doubles the amount of energy produced per unit of CO2 released. Materials derived from microalgal biomass also can be used for other long-term uses, serving to sequester CO2. Flue gas has the potential to provide sufficient quantities of CO2 for such large-scale microalgae farms. Viewing microalgae farms as a means to reduce the effects of a greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, CO2) changes the view of the economics of the process. Instead of requiring that microalgae-derived fuel be cost competitive with fossil fuels, the process economics must be compared with those of other technologies proposed to deal with the problem of CO2 pollution. However, development of alternative, environmentally safer energy production technologies will benefit society whether or not global climate change actually occurs. Microalgal biomass production has great potential to contribute to world energy supplies, and to control CO2 emissions as the demand for energy increases. This technology makes productive use of arid and semi-arid lands and highly saline water, resources that are not suitable for agriculture and other biomass technologies.
The GnRH pulse generator

The notion of an oscillator or signal generator in the central nervous system that controls the rhythmic release of GnRH and, thereby, the pulsatile secretion of the gonadotropic hormones, originated in the finding of strikingly abrupt and rhythmic fluctuations in the concentration of LH in the plasma of ovariectomized monkeys. These oscillations had a period of about one hour when blood samples were obtained at 10 to 20 minute intervals. I These surprising observations were presaged by reports of seemingly random, major fluctuations in plasma gonadotropin concentrations in gonadectomized monkeys" and rats""1 as well as in women.' In these earlier studies the sampling intervals employed were never less than one hour and unable, therefore, to reveal the orderly, rhythmic events that occur with frequencies of one event per hour, or more. In the original study describing pulsatile LH secretion in ovariectomized monkeys the possibility was considered that the circhoral discharges of LH may be initiated by autoregulatory mechanisms involving long or short feedback loops, but the more likely view that these discharges were due to intermittent signals from the central nervous system unrelated to circulating LH levels that resulted in putative increments in GnRH release was favored. Nevertheless, the possible role of autoregulatory mechanisms in the control of pulsatile LH secretion was repeatedly considered,6 but finally laid to rest in the relatively recent past.7 Conversely, the view that each pulse of LH released from the pituitary gland is the consequence of a bolus of GnRH secreted into the pituitary portal system has been unequivocally upheld by the demonstration of synchronous increments ofGnRH assessed in the pituitary portal circulation and of LH measured in samples of peripheral blood obtained simultaneously.s, 9 In any case, the phenomenon of pulsatile gonadotropic hormone secretion was rapidly extended to most vertebrate species studied in this regard, including our own, and
Transcription rates of SERCA and phospholamban genes change in response to chronic stimulation of skeletal muscle

Chronic low frequency stimulation of predominantly fast-twitch skeletal muscles decrease the levels of SERCA1 (fast-twitch sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) mRNA, and increase the levels of SERCA2 (slow-twitch sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) and phospholamban mRNAs. To assess the role of transcription in these changes in mRNA levels, nuclei were isolated from chronically stimulated canine latissimus dorsi muscles and transcription rates were estimated by nuclear run-on assays. Decreases in the rates of SERCA1 gene transcription matched the fall in its mRNA level and increases in the rates of SERCA2 and phospholamban gene transcription matched the increases in their mRNAs.
Steady state particle motion in a single wafer reactor

The steady state motion of a particle in a single wafer reactor is investigated by mathematical simulation. The goal is to determine the effects of the operating conditions on particle contamination. The flow simulations show that particle contamination during steady state processing (nonplasma) is small in single-wafer reactors running at moderate conditions. Steady state contamination of the wafers occurs when the particle momentum is large, due either to large particles or high velocities which can be from either high flow rates or low pressures. However, for low velocities and large residence times, gravity will cause particles to settle out of the flow. For this case, face-down processing has a large advantage over face- up. Thermophoretic forces are very important at low velocities. Hot surfaces remain clean, whereas cold surfaces become contaminated. Since steady state contamination is not very likely for small particles, contamination may arise from large particles that break up on impact or from nonsteady operation when the gases are turned on and off.
Degradation effects of arbitrary phase errors on high-resolution radar performance

It is well known that phase errors introduced during the formation of synthetic antenna apertures and in the data-processing stages of pulse-compression radars degrade system performance. Expressions are presented from which the upper bounds of the degradation effects of small arbitrary phase errors on the azimuth resolution of synthetic apertures and the range resolution of pulse-compression radars can be calculated. It is not necessary to know the exact phase-error function; only the peak phase deviation need be given or estimated. These expressions allow the use of amplitude weighting factors for sidelobe reduction, and the effect of these factors on resolution degradation in the presence of phase errors is exhibited.
Mean life measurement of 4p and 4p′ levels in argon II using an image tube spectrograph

Abstract Lifetimes of eight 4p and four 4p′ levels in Ar II were measured using the beam-foil method and an image tube spectrograph. The experimental lifetime and transition probability measurements presently available for many of these levels are in disagreement. Our mean values for the 4p levels are slightly longer than those obtained by pulsed electron beams. Our beam-foil results, which include previously unreported Ar II lifetimes, are compared with experimental and theoretical values obtained by other techniques.
Pyogenic Psoas Abscesses: Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques and Review of the Literature

Psoas muscle abscesses are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Until recently, surgery was mandated for diagnosis and drainage of these deep posterior lesions. Scanning techniques such as computerized tomography, radionuclide imaging, and ultrasonography now enable noninvasive visualization of abnormalities of the psoas muscle. Patients with abscesses in the greater psoas muscle fall into two distinct groups. Six of 12 patients reviewed had no apparent predisposing conditions. These patients presented with subacute symptoms of fever, pain, and disability. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism isolated. Psoas infections developed in six other patients secondarily to infection or trauma elsewhere in the abdomen. Gram-negative and enteric organisms were the predominant bacteria isolated from this group. Surgical drainage in selected patients and appropriate antimicrobial therapy is necessary for treatment of these infections. Late complications such as osteomyelitis are not unusual.
The public's indifference map between inflation and unemployment: Empirical evidence for the Nixon, Ford, Carter and Reagan presidencies*

We have succesfully estimated the public's indifference map between inflation and unemployment. The indifference curves are nonlinear and concave to the origin for most unemployment rates; the data are insufficient to permit us to be sure of the form at low unemployment rates. There is clear evidence of honeymoon and Watergate effects and a Reagan as president effect. The public dislikes expected and unexpected inflation equally.
Rapid Rail Transit and Tourism Development in the United States

Abstract In March of 2009, the US President announced a plan for the development of a rapid transit rail system that would eventually connect the continental US with a system of high-speed trains similar to those in the developed European countries. This paper explores the impact such a system could bring to tourism development through a focus on the rapid transit rail system proposed for the US Gulf Coast corridor. Historical insights gleaned from an extensive literature review are applied to anticipate the potential for key stakeholder groups in the Gulf Coast region to offer resistance or support for the project. The paper also summarizes results from a study which examined consumers’ perceptions about, and anticipated uses of, the proposed rail system. Findings were overwhelmingly tourism-centric as participation in touristic activities was the primary reason identified for supporting the future use of a rapid rail transit system. Respondents were also positive about the potential for such a system to...
Modernidad e identidad en Manoel Bomfim

El articulo presenta a Manuel Bonfim y trata de su contribucion para el pensamiento brasileno en el contexto intelectual del modernismo brasileno en especial en lo que se refiere a los temas de raza y construccion social.
2,3-Dihydrophenalen-2-one and the structure of “blue 342”

Abstract Syntheses of the labile ketone 6 are described. Bromine rapidly converts 6 to a deep blue substance, C 26 H 20 O, for which the heptacyclic structure 15 is uniquely established.
Social class and coronary heart disease: A sociological assessment of the medical literature☆

THE PURPOSE of this paper is to review the recent medical literature on social class and coronary heart disease.? Specifically, the aims are (1) to summarize the basic findings of these studies; (2) to examine the indicators of social class that have been employed; (3) to consider the importance of the social context from which the indicators of social class were drawn; and (4) to assess the implications and the value of the various indicators of social class that were used. This paper does not consider the significance of the selection of specific indicators of the dependent variable, coronary heart disease. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the criteria employed certainly could influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. In essence, one finds that two classes of data have been employed as indicators of coronary heart disease. The first type is based on physical examinations performed on living persons. The second type is based on a physician’s statement on a death certificate that death was due to coronary heart disease. Eight of the sixteen articles reviewed employ death certificate data at some point; the other eight do not. This paper does not undertake a systematic evaluation of the over-all methodology of each of the studies. The problem of methodology shades off into the previous one (i.e. specifying the dependent variable). For instance, the study at Du Pont by PELL and D’ALZONO considers only first events of coronary heart disease in order to eliminate the possible bias introduced by a prior coronary occurrence. [l] However, none of the studies using death certificates employ such refinements. Oftheeight studies which conducted physical examinations, only the Du Pont, Framingham [2] and Chicago utility [3] studies explicitly state they focus on first events. Every study reviewed found some relationship between class and heart disease, although the strength of the relationship varies markedly. In fact, one paper, by STAMLER and his associates, upon examining their own and others’ data, concludes that
Human tumor cell line with a quasi-diploid karyotype (RPMI 2650)

Abstract Chromosomal analysis of metaphases of the human cell line RPMI 2650 , derived from a pleural effusion of a patient with neoplasia, show that although its chromosome number is 46 it bears a consistent minor rearrangement involving the D group. This quasi-diploid karyotype is highly stable throughout long continued cultivation in vitro .
Distribution of tritium in D-glucose and starch labeled by tritium-atom bombardment☆

Abstract Samples of D -glucose and starch were labeled by tritium-atom bombardment. Up to 51% incorporation into D -glucose as non-labile tritium was achieved for crystalline, anhydrous D -glucose and 41% for the amylose-butyl alcohol complex. Distribution of tritium in the carbon skeleton of D -glucose was calculated by comparing the specific molar activity of D -glucose with that of its derivatives. Derivatives prepared were D -gluconic acid, D -arabino-hexulose phenylosotriazole, 4-formyl-2-phenyltriazole, 2-phenyltriazole-4-carboxylic acid, D -arabino-hexulose phenylflavazole, 3-formyl-1-phenylflavazole, and formaldehyde dimedone. The tritium distribution showed definite structural effects. Generally, the products from films of D -glucose and the amylose-butyl alcohol complex had nearly uniform distribution of tritium in D -glucose. The product from crystalline α- D -glucose monohydrate had zero tritium at C-2 and twice the expected amount of tritium at C-5, and that from starch granules had zero or near zero tritium at C-3 and close to twice the expected amount of tritium at C-2.
Boundary compensated k-NN graphs

The k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) graph conveys local geometry of points in a sample. This attribute has resulted in a wide variety of machine learning applications for k-NN graphs, for e.g., density estimation, manifold learning and non-parametric classification. For samples with finite support, our analysis shows that k-NN density estimators behave differently in the interior of the support as opposed to near the boundary of the support. Motivated by our analysis, we propose improving the behavior of k-NN graphs by thinning its edges near the boundary. We illustrate the advantages of such boundary corrected k-NN graphs for entropy estimation and classification.
Hypochondriasis, Somatization, and Perceived Health and Utilization of Health Care Services

The authors determined the different effects of hypochondriasis and somatization on health perceptions, health status, and service utilization in a primary care population. The subjects with hypochondriacal responses (HR) on the Illness Attitudes Scales or high somatic concern (HSC) on the Symptom Questionnaire had a worse perception of health and variably used more health services than the control subjects, even though the HR and HSC subjects had the same level of chronic medical disorders. Regression analyses determined that somatization contributed more to negative health perception and service utilization than did hypochondriasis, although an interaction between the two contributed to the use of psychiatric care. The authors discuss the boundary between hypochondriasis and somatization for its implications for research and clinical practice.
Overexpression of TEAD-1 in transgenic mouse striated muscles produces a slower skeletal muscle contractile phenotype.

TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factors serve important functional roles during embryonic development and in striated muscle gene expression. Our previous work has implicated a role for TEAD-1 in the fast-to-slow fiber-type transition in response to mechanical overload. To investigate whether TEAD-1 is a modulator of slow muscle gene expression in vivo, we developed transgenic mice expressing hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged TEAD-1 under the control of the muscle creatine kinase promoter. We show that striated muscle-restricted HA-TEAD-1 expression induced a transition toward a slow muscle contractile protein phenotype, slower shortening velocity (Vmax), and longer contraction and relaxation times in adult fast twitch extensor digitalis longus muscle. Notably, HA-TEAD-1 overexpression resulted in an unexpected activation of GSK-3α/β and decreased nuclear β-catenin and NFATc1/c3 protein. These effects could be reversed in vivo by mechanical overload, which decreased muscle creatine kinase-driven TEAD-1 transgene expression, and in cultured satellite cells by TEAD-1-specific small interfering RNA. These novel in vivo data support a role for TEAD-1 in modulating slow muscle gene expression.
Antimicrobial Activity and Biocompatibility of Polyurethane—Iodine Complexes:

Polyurethane (PU), one of the most versatile biomedical materials, strongly binds iodine, one of the most effective antiseptics, through the formation of a charge-transfer complex. The PU—Iodine complexes were characterized with UV/Vis study and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The new materials evoked potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and bacterial spores), fungi, and viruses, as well as inhibited surface bacterial colonization and biofilm-formation. Based on the Kirby-Bauer test, the antimicrobial effects occurred through the slow release of iodine. The iodine release rate can be controlled by the preparation conditions of the PU—Iodine complex. Trypan blue exclusion analysis indicated that PU—Iodine has excellent mammalian cell viability. The PU—Iodine complexes have the potential for a wide range of medical, dental, and other related applications.
The Analysis of Variance Mixed Model with Allocated Observations: Application to Repeated Measurement Designs

Abstract This article deals with layouts involving one random factor and at least one fixed factor crossed with the random factor, where the sum of the observations on each level of the random factor must equal a specified constant. The constant total for each random level can then be thought of as allocated among the levels of other factors. An allocation mixed model is proposed as a modification of the Scheffe mixed model, which applies when there are no constant-sum constraints. It is shown that for testing several hypotheses and estimating several parameters of interest, parallel statistical methods can be applied under the Scheffe and the allocation mixed models.