cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
To Mix or Not To Mix: The Effects of Not Mixing Sera on HIV Serologic Results

Previously frozen serum samples, known to be positive for antibodies to HIV, produced divergent ELISA results when tested before and after mixing. Eleven of IS samples produced lower titers before mixing, and all samples had lower optical density readings when compared with the same samples after mixing. The geometric mean titers were 1,810 for the mixed samples vs 655 for the same unmixed samples. One sample that was weak-positive produced a negative reaction by Western blot when tested prior to being mixed. Titers determined by a rapid dot blot assay were lower in about half of the samples before mixing. Thus, these data clearly emphasize the importance of mixing serum samples prior to testing for HIV antibody.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity: Experiences of College Students With Disabilities.

College years are an experimental phase in young adulthood and can lay the foundation for lifelong behaviors. One type of behavior developed during these years is the use of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). LTPA experiences of typical college students have been examined, but there is a lack of studies examining the experiences of students with disabilities. The purpose of this inquiry is to understand the experiences of college students with disabilities and their LTPA, with focus on factors that facilitate or create barriers to engagement. Grounded theory was used to understand LTPA with undergraduates with mobility or visual impairments. Results indicated a theme of culture of physical activity and disability as they received a message that engagement in LTPA was “unnecessary” or “heroic,” which altered their LTPA experiences. Barriers to LTPA can be understood through a social relational lens to recognize the multidimensionality of barriers and facilitators to LTPA.
Preaching Rhetorical Invention: Poeta and Paul in the Digby Conversion of St Paul

This article evaluates the Digby Conversion of St Paul through the lens that medieval preaching affords, exposing how Poeta’s rhetoric makes the internal process of Paul’s conversion external and transparent to the audience. By uncovering Poeta’s incorporation of preaching strategies and the rhetorical principle of invention specifically, I show how Poeta’s prologues and epilogues grant Paul the ethical mobility he requires to become a believable Christian convert and preacher. Poeta’s rhetoric anticipates and validates the language of Paul’s sermon, a circumstance that prompts my reevaluation of Poeta’s role as a framing device to show instead his interactive relationship with Paul throughout the play.
Ceramide-induced cell death in lens epithelial cells.

PURPOSE To determine whether ceramide treatment contributes to reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, caspase activation, and reactive oxygen species generation in lens epithelial cells. METHODS Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptotic cell death was determined by 4,6 diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear staining. Quantitative DNA fragmentation was determined by specific determination of cytosolic mononucleosomes and oligonucleosome-bound DNA. Caspase-3/7 activation was determined by using the Apo-ONE Assay. Detection of reactive oxygen species was achieved by a carboxy-2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (carboxy-H2DCFDA) staining method and lipid peroxidation assay. RESULTS C2-ceramide and C6-ceramide reduced primary bovine lens epithelial cell and human lens epithelial cell survival in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effect of ceramide on cell viability was specific since C2-dihydroceramide, a chemically similar ceramide lacking four to five double-bonds, did not adversely affect lens epithelial cell viability. Release of endogenous natural ceramides by treatment of lens epithelial cells with bacterial sphingomyelinase reduced cell viability. Ceramide-induced apoptosis in lens epithelial cells was determined by nuclear appearance and DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis was induced by exogenous C2-ceramide in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and ceramide-mediated apoptosis of lens epithelial cells was associated with caspase-3/7 activation. C2-ceramide treatment resulted in reactive oxygen species generation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ceramide reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in lens epithelial cells. Ceramide-induced oxidative stress suggests that age-related cataracts may be modulated by ceramide levels in the lens.
Deriving Gene Networks from SNP Associated with Triacylglycerol and Phospholipid Fatty Acid Fractions from Ribeyes of Angus Cattle

The fatty acid profile of beef is a complex trait that can benefit from gene-interaction network analysis to understand relationships among loci that contribute to phenotypic variation. Phenotypic measures of fatty acid profile from triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions of longissimus muscle, pedigree information, and Illumina 54 k bovine SNP genotypes were utilized to derive an annotated gene network associated with fatty acid composition in 1,833 Angus beef cattle. The Bayes-B statistical model was utilized to perform a genome wide association study to estimate associations between 54 k SNP genotypes and 39 individual fatty acid phenotypes within each fraction. Posterior means of the effects were estimated for each of the 54 k SNP and for the collective effects of all the SNP in every 1-Mb genomic window in terms of the proportion of genetic variance explained by the window. Windows that explained the largest proportions of genetic variance for individual lipids were found in the triacylglycerol fraction. There was almost no overlap in the genomic regions explaining variance between the triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions. Partial correlations were used to identify correlated regions of the genome for the set of largest 1 Mb windows that explained up to 35% genetic variation in either fatty acid fraction. SNP were allocated to windows based on the bovine UMD3.1 assembly. Gene network clusters were generated utilizing a partial correlation and information theory algorithm. Results were used in conjunction with network scoring and visualization software to analyze correlated SNP across 39 fatty acid phenotypes to identify SNP of significance. Significant pathways implicated in fatty acid metabolism through GO term enrichment analysis included homeostasis of number of cells, homeostatic process, coenzyme/cofactor activity, and immunoglobulin. These results suggest different metabolic pathways regulate the development of different types of lipids found in bovine muscle tissues. Network analysis using partial correlations and annotation of significant SNPs can yield information about the genetic architecture of complex traits.
TSC and hemorrhagic shock.

There is a decrease in whole-body oxygen consumption after hemorrhage, and it has been suggested that this is linked to mortality (1). Recovery from hemorrhagic shock has long been suggested to depend on restoration of oxygen to the tissues (2, 3), and a recent report (4) suggests that even small enhancements in oxygen consumption could reduce rates of morbidity and mortality.
Trends in Testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex From US Public Health Laboratories, 2009–2013:

Objective:We investigated data from US public health laboratories funded through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Tuberculosis Elimination and Laboratory Cooperative Agreement to do...
Fast selection of geologic models honoring CO2 plume monitoring data using Hausdorff distance and scaled connectivity analysis

Abstract The spatial and temporal characteristics of observed CO2 plumes obtained from 4D seismic surveys can be honored by finding the most probable models in which the migration of CO2 plumes are spatially and temporally similar to the observation. A computationally efficient scheme is necessary to assess the dissimilarity between CO2 plumes simulated over a large suite of geologic models, and subsequently to select the subset of models exhibiting characteristics similar to the observation. The Euclidean distance is the most common way to measure dissimilarity between vector representations of CO2 plumes. However, the Euclidean distance yields an average measure of dissimilarity between plume shapes and does not take the spatial relation between vector elements into account. For this reason, we measure the shape dissimilarity between CO2 plumes using the Hausdorff distance. In our examples, CO2 plumes selected using the Hausdorff distance are more similar to observed CO2 plumes than those selected using the Euclidean distance. However, it is impractical to conduct complex flow simulations on a large suite of geological models in order to find the most probable models honoring the spatial characteristics of an observed CO2 plume. We save about 80% of the computational cost of selecting the most probable models by screening the large suite of geological models using scaled connectivity analysis. The paper demonstrates the combined use of scale connectivity analysis and assessment of dissimilarity using Hausdorff distance on realistic field examples.
Absolute spike frequency as a predictor of surgical outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy

Abstract Purpose Frequent interictal epileptiform abnormalities may correlate with poor prognosis after temporal lobe resection for refractory epilepsy. To date, studies have focused on limited resections such as selective amygdalohippocampectomy and apical temporal lobectomy without hippocampectomy. However, it is unclear whether the frequency of spikes predicts outcome after standard anterior temporal lobectomy. Method Preoperative scalp video-EEG monitoring data from patients who subsequently underwent anterior temporal lobectomy over a three year period and were followed for at least one year were reviewed for the frequency of interictal epileptiform abnormalities. Surgical outcome for those patients with frequent spikes (>60/h) was compared with those with less frequent spikes. Additionally, spike frequency was evaluated as a continuous variable and correlated with outcome to determine if increased spike frequency correlated with worse outcome, as assessed by modified Engel Class outcome. Results Forty-seven patients (18 men, 29 women; mean age 40 years at surgery) were included. Forty-six patients had standard anterior temporal lobectomy (24 right, 22 left) and one had a modified left temporal lobectomy. There was no significant difference in seizure outcome between those with frequent (57% Class I) vs. those with less frequent (58% Class I) spikes. Increased spike frequency did not correlate with worse outcome. Greater than 20 complex partial seizures/month and generalized tonic-clonic seizures within one year of surgery correlated with worse outcome. Conclusions This study suggests that absolute spike frequency does not predict seizure outcome after anterior temporal lobectomy unlike in selective procedures, and should not be used as a prognostic factor in this population.
Use of A-scan Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography to Differentiate Papilledema From Pseudopapilledema.

SIGNIFICANCEDifferentiating papilledema from pseudopapilledema reflecting tilted/crowded optic discs or disc drusen is critical but can be challenging. Our study suggests that spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and retrobulbar optic n
Developing and Testing an Intervention to Reduce Distress in Mothers of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Objectives To develop and pilot test a program to meet the needs of mothers of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and improve outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods We conducted focus groups with mothers of adolescents to identify needs and develop a cognitive behavioral intervention aimed at reducing maternal distress, improving parenting practices, and reducing family conflict. This intervention was pilot tested in a randomized trial; mothers were randomized to either the Coping & Communication (N=15) intervention or Usual Care (N=15). Mothers and adolescents completed questionnaires measuring distress, parenting, and family conflict pre- and post-intervention, and HbA1c values were obtained from adolescents' medical records pre- and post-intervention. Results Intervention materials (Communication & Coping) received high scores on health literacy and engagement. There was a significant Time × Group interaction for maternal diabetes distress, family conflict (as reported by both mothers and adolescents) and adolescent quality of life. Mothers and adolescents randomized to the intervention group reported significant improvements on these factors as compared to those randomized to usual care. Conclusions The Communication & Coping program was developed by adapting existing interventions proven to reduce depressive symptoms and improve parenting practices to address the specific needs of mothers of adolescents with T1D. The program shows promise for not only reducing distress in mothers, but also for improving adolescent outcomes, possibly through reductions in family conflict.
Differences in the Synthesis and Elimination of Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 After Acute Doses of Alcohol

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the synthesis and elimination of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 following the consumption of alcohol among 56 light and heavy drinkers. Methods A transdermal alcohol monitor was used to promote alcohol absence 7 days prior, and 14 days after, alcohol consumption in the laboratory. Participants consumed a 0.4 or 0.8 g/kg dose of alcohol in 15 minutes. Blood and breath samples were collected before, at various times up to 360 minutes postconsumption, and 2, 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after alcohol consumption. Initial rates of PEth synthesis, 360 minutes area under the PEth pharmacokinetic curves (AUCs), and elimination half-lives were determined. Results (i) Nonzero PEth levels were observed before alcohol dosing for most participants, despite 7 days of alcohol use monitoring; (ii) 0.4 and 0.8 g/kg doses of alcohol produced proportional increases in PEth levels in all but 1 participant; (iii) the initial rate of synthesis of both PEth homologues did not differ between the 2 doses, but was greater for PEth 16:0/18:2 than PEth 16:0/18:1 at both doses; (iv) the mean AUC of both PEth homologues was higher at 0.8 g/kg than at 0.4 g/kg; (v) the mean AUC of 16:0/18:2 was greater than that of PEth 16:0/18:1 at both alcohol doses; (vi) the mean half-life of PEth 16:0/18:1 was longer than that of PEth 16:0/18:2 (7.8 ± 3.3 [SD] days and 6.4 ± 5.0 [SD] days, respectively); and (vii) there were no sex differences in PEth 16:0/18:1 or 16:0/18:2 pharmacokinetics. Conclusions The results of this study support the use of PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 as biomarkers for alcohol consumption. Because of consistent pharmacokinetic differences, the levels of these 2 PEth homologues may provide more information regarding the quantity and recentness of alcohol consumption than either alone.
Murphy was an optimist: Embracing asymmetry in electronics

The high performance digital microelectronic component is designed to do one thing — that is to faithfully execute its instruction set architecture. The resulting hardware embodiment, however, forces structure into materials that resist order. These structures immediately begin reverting to their lowest energy state and highest disorder. Semiconductor wear-out and aging are evidence of this entropy. Countering these effects is expensive, and contributes nothing to transaction throughput or energy efficiency. Against this backdrop, selected emerging concepts in device physics, process, design, architecture, reliability and hardware security may collectively embrace entropy, and use asymmetry in our favor. This talk will provide an overview of concepts that connect low level device physics to high level architecture in a way that leverages asymmetry in our favor. Given that current devices are confronting not just atomistic but now quantum-mechanical limitations to scaling, the need is greater than ever.
Leading the “Critical Conversation”: Surgeon Leadership in HR

As one increasingly takes on supervisory roles during the advancement of their academic career, there tends to be a shift from mostly managing themselves to increasingly managing others to function as a team. In both situations, whether you are the supervisor or the supervisee, you will have situations arise that you may find challenging to discuss and optimally resolve. A surgeon’s training typically focuses on improving technical skills, with very little training on conflict resolution and how to best manage difficult conversations. As such, conversations that should occur often never do, resulting in a worsening of the problems and increased levels of frustration. Developing a successful strategy for having these conversations can be beneficial at all levels of one’s career. The goal of this chapter is to begin outlining an approach to having critical conversations allowing for a more productive and positive interface with your colleagues and co-workers.
A geostatistical state‐space model of animal densities for stream networks

Population dynamics are often correlated in space and time due to correlations in environmental drivers as well as synchrony induced by individual dispersal. Many statistical analyses of populations ignore potential autocorrelations and assume that survey methods (distance and time between samples) eliminate these correlations, allowing samples to be treated independently. If these assumptions are incorrect, results and therefore inference may be biased and uncertainty underestimated. We developed a novel statistical method to account for spatiotemporal correlations within dendritic stream networks, while accounting for imperfect detection in the surveys. Through simulations, we found this model decreased predictive error relative to standard statistical methods when data were spatially correlated based on stream distance and performed similarly when data were not correlated. We found that increasing the number of years surveyed substantially improved the model accuracy when estimating spatial and temporal correlation coefficients, especially from 10 to 15 yr. Increasing the number of survey sites within the network improved the performance of the nonspatial model but only marginally improved the density estimates in the spatiotemporal model. We applied this model to brook trout data from the West Susquehanna Watershed in Pennsylvania collected over 34 yr from 1981 to 2014. We found the model including temporal and spatiotemporal autocorrelation best described young of the year (YOY) and adult density patterns. YOY densities were positively related to forest cover and negatively related to spring temperatures with low temporal autocorrelation and moderately high spatiotemporal correlation. Adult densities were less strongly affected by climatic conditions and less temporally variable than YOY but with similar spatiotemporal correlation and higher temporal autocorrelation.
Physicians’ Identification of Factors Associated with Quality in High- and Low-Performing Hospitals

Article-at-a-Glance Background Increasing the transparency of quality outcomes will demand that organizations strive to improve their performance, which in turn will require that physicians become engaged in the improvement process. Frontline physicians from hospitals with low and high performance on quality indicators were interviewed about contributors and obstacles to quality in their organizations. Methods Hospital Quality Alliance data were used to identify hospitals with consistent performance during the preceding two years from the top (high performing) and bottom deciles (low performing) on internal medicine outcome measures (pneumonia and congestive heart failure). Semistructured interviews were conducted in early 2008 with 17 physicians (internists) from three academic medical centers and two small community hospitals. Findings Five themes emerged from the interviews: leadership characteristics, information technology, personalized and organizational outcome data, investment in education for quality, and physician organization structure. Although physicians' views about influences on quality were similar across low- and high-performing hospitals, low performers tended to have transient leadership, low levels of access by frontline physicians to leaders, little investment in information technology, and fewer clear mechanisms to ensure clinical accountability. Conclusions Frontline physicians' views provide insights into determinants of quality that are consistent with the literature. Physician engagement with quality appears to be more a property of organizations than physicians and emerges from organizational leadership. A number of policies, informed by frontline physicians' views, could be pursued to achieve better quality, especially in organizations whose outcomes suggest poor performance.
Linear Delay Differential Systems

Chapter IV exploited the nice properties of linear systems of ordinary differential equations. We shall now show how at least some of these properties carry over to linear systems of delay differential equations.
Tissue Engineering — The Bladder

Regenerative medicine efforts are currently being undertaken for every type of tissue and organ, including the bladder, within the urinary system. Most of the effort expended to engineer bladder tissue has occurred within the last decade. Personnel who have mastered the techniques of cell harvest, culture, and expansion as well as polymer design are essential for the successful application of this technology. Various applications of engineered bladder tissues are at different stages of development, with some already being used clinically, a few in preclinical trials, and some in the discovery stage. Recent progress suggests that engineered bladder tissues may have an expanded clinical applicability in the future.
Proving theorems of type theory automatically with TPS

Reasoning plays an important role in many activities which involve intelligence, and it may be anticipated that automated reasoning will play a significant role in many applications of artificial intelligence. The importance of developing methods of automating reasoning has been recognized since the inception of research on artificial intelligence. One fruitful approach to this problem is to use the language and methods of symbolic logic. Since a great variety of problems can be expressed in symbolic logic, progress in developing general purpose reasoning tools based on symbolic logic has the potential to contribute to progress in many realms of artificial intelligence. Work on automated deduction using symbolic logic has been progressing steadily, but in recent years such work has been presented primarily at conferences on automated deduction (such as (Kirchner & Kirchner 1998; Ganzinger 1999; McAllester 2000; Voronkov 2002; Mayer & Pirri 2003; David Basin 2004)) rather than at conferences on artificial intelligence. While such work often focuses on proving theorems, it should be noted that procedures for automatically proving theorems can play crucial roles as inference mechanisms in more general automated reasoning tools. We provide a demonstration of the TPS automated Theorem Proving System. This system can be used to prove theorems of type theory, which is also known as higher-order logic and which includes first-order logic. In a practical sense type theory has greater expressive power than firstorder logic, and it is well suited to the formalization of various disciplines, including mathematics and fields which use mathematics. For example, inductive definitions can be expressed in a very simple and natural way in type theory. Also, in type theory one can quantify over functions, such as functions mapping states to states. Our demonstration includes explanations of the notations used by TPS, which are based on a formulation of type theory (the typed λ-calculus) which was introduced by Alonzo Church (Church 1940) and is explained further in the text (Andrews 2002). TPS has been developed over several decades in collaboration with Dale Miller, Frank Pfenning, Sunil Issar, Carl Klapper, Dan Nesmith, Hongwei Xi, Matthew Bishop, and Chad E. Brown. TPS produces formal proofs (in natural de-
Marital cognitions and depression in the context of marital discord

The cognitions of 63 couples were examined to explicate the link between marital conflict and depression. Following a laboratory-based marital problem solving discussion, spouses listed cognitions about these discussions and thoughts about the future of their relationship. Cognitions also were assessed using the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire and Marital Attitude Survey. Self-reported assessments of mood were obtained before and after the problem solving discussion. Depressed wives exhibited significantly more self-blame and hopeless thoughts than nondepressed wives. Self-blame, partner-blame, and hopelessness in reference to the problem solving discussions were associated with spouses' mood states after a problem solving discussion, albeit in different ways. The results support the importance of hopelessness and blame in understanding the link between marital discord and depression.
A Review on Cybersecurity Threats and Statistical Models

Data generated in past two years is more than previous history tutorials with the help of evolution of technology. Big data is a term using for abundant structured and unstructured data, it becomes difficult to process, store, analyze and visualize using on hand database system tools. This big data systems are facing attack targets. Some statistical models are helps to find out problems of the cybersecurity. In this paper studied on Big data, cybersecurity, categories of cybersecurity threats, main challenges of cybersecurity, and study on statistical models for vulnerability prediction.
A Three-Dimensional Model of Human Lung Airway Tree to Study Therapeutics Delivery in the Lungs

Surfactant instillation into the lungs is used to treat several respiratory disorders such as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). The success of the treatments significantly depends on the uniformity of distribution of the instilled surfactant in airways. This is challenging to directly evaluate due to the inaccessibility of lung airways and great difficulty with imaging them. To tackle this problem, we developed a 3D physical model of human lung airway tree. Using a defined set of principles, we first generated computational models of eight generations of neonates' tracheobronchial tree comprising the conducting zone airways. Similar to native lungs, these models contained continuously-branching airways that rotated in the 3D space and reduced in size with increase in the generation number. Then, we used additive manufacturing to generate physical airway tree models that precisely replicated the computational designs. We demonstrated the utility of the physical models to study surfactant delivery in the lungs and showed the effect of orientation of the airway tree in the gravitational field on the distribution of instilled surfactant between the left and right lungs and within each lung. Our 3D lung airway tree model offers a novel tool for quantitative studies of therapeutics delivery.
Relationship Between Health Literacy and Internet Use Among Families Utilizing Mobile Clinic Services

Background: Internet-based interventions are increasingly promoted as mechanisms for conveying health education to low-income families, especially for those without consistent medical care. However, data also show that poor families have low health literacy. Little is known about the relationship between health literacy among poor families and internet use. Purpose: Determine the relationship between health literacy and internet use in caregivers of children who utilize mobile clinic services. Methods: We collected and analyzed cross-sectional data from a convenience sample of parents of children who utilized services …
Modeling allometric variation: lessons from the metabolic allometry of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)

I used linear and nonlinear regression to re-examine published data on the scaling of metabolic rate vs. body mass in an ontogenetic series of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846))...
Bartle-Graves Theorem Revisited

We take a fresh look at the Bartle-Graves theorem pointing out the main differences with the standard implicit function theorem. We then present a set-valued version of this theorem which generalizes some recent results. Applications to variational inequalities and differential inclusions are also given.
Caring about the Distant Future: Why It Matters and What It Means

A discount rate indicates how to compare future costs and benefits to current costs and benefits. Insofar as the discount rate is high, we are counting future costs and benefits for less. A zero discount rate, by definition, means that the future counts for as much as the present. My informal polling over the years suggests that many advocates of greater state spending—especially noneconomists—like the idea of a very low discount rate. Many of these individuals wish that our government would devote more resources to education, to infrastructure, and to improving the environment. They see a lower discount rate as supporting these policies. More generally, these individuals believe we are not caring enough about the future. Very low rates of discount therefore serve as a “left-wing” view in most cases. Similarly, support for market-based discount rates often comes from centrist or more “right-wing” views.1 In contrast, I see a stronger concern for the distant future as cutting across the current political spectrum. A greater orientation toward the future is likely to increase the desirability of policies favoring a market economy, economic growth, and technological innovation— all prerequisites for sustainable economic growth. Furthermore, some of the arguments for these choices may require a deep concern for the more distant future. For instance, strongly positive discount rates usually imply that we should grant considerable importance to the alleviation of immediate suffering. Market liberalizations, whatever longrun virtues they may have, sometimes increase immediate suffering. Market economies and market reforms look better the greater the weight we place on the relatively distant future. A free society is better today than a corrupt and totalitarian alternative. But one hundred
Distributed Model Predictive Control for Autonomous Droop-Controlled Inverter-Based Microgrids

Microgrids must be able to restore voltage and frequency to their reference values during transient events; inverters are used as part of a microgrid’s hierarchical control for maintaining power quality. Reviewed methods either do not allow for intuitive trade-off tuning between the objectives of synchronous state restoration, local reference tracking, and disturbance rejection, or do not consider all of these objectives. In this paper, we address all of these objectives for voltage restoration in droop-controlled inverter-based islanded micro-grids. By using distributed model predictive control (DMPC) in series with an unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), we design a secondary voltage controller to restore the voltage to the reference in finite time. The DMPC solves a reference tracking problem while rejecting reactive power disturbances in a noisy system. The method we present accounts for non-zero mean disturbances by design of a random-walk estimator. We validate the method’s ability to restore the voltage in finite time via modeling a multi-node microgrid in Simulink.
206 A randomized trial testing remuneration protocols to maximize concussion patient retention for real-time symptom and activity monitoring

Statement of Purpose We are honing the ReCoUPS (Recovering Concussion Update on the Progression of Symptoms) protocol to monitor concussion patients using ecologic momentary assessment (EMA), and accrue data revealing the relationship between physical and cognitive rest and clinical outcomes in the days and weeks post-injury. Methods/Approach Our randomized trial uses behavioral economics to identify a remuneration strategy that enhances retention. Staff at one pediatric and one adult ED enroll concussion patients using the ReCoUPS platform, that assigns participants to one of four treatment arms that dictate the remuneration scheme. Participants receive a Fitbit, download the ReCoUPS app onto their smartphone, receive 3 prompts daily, and respond over 3 weeks. The EMA data collected include concussion symptoms and cognitive rest/activity (self-reported time reading, time at work/school) reported at each prompt, screen time, and step count (Fitbit). The maximum possible remuneration for three arms is $300 for adults (age 18–64 years) and $50 for children and adolescents (13–17 years), whereas in one arm only a Fitbit is given to keep. Results Fifteen participants were enrolled in the EDs. The proportion of responses completed was 87% in the loss-based arm and 86% in the streak accrual arm, compared to 47% where the FitBit was given as remuneration, and 46% in the control arm where the maximum given regardless of number of responses completed. Enrollment will continue to 20 in each arm to determine whether these differences remain. Conclusions Loss-based and streak remuneration were equally effective to prevent study attrition in this longitudinal follow-up study, whereas the Fitbit remuneration and flat-fee control were not effective. Significance and Contributions to Injury and Violence Prevention Science Remuneration plays a key role in retention and can help accomplish the longterm follow-up required to obtain data on concussion recovery.
Gastric Biopsies in Gastroparesis: Insights into Gastric Neuromuscular Disorders to Aid Treatment

The cellular and molecular understanding of human gastroparesis has markedly improved due to studies on full-thickness gastric biopsies. A decrease in the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and functional changes in ICC constitutes the hallmark cellular feature of gastroparesis. More recently, in animal models, macrophages have also been identified to play a central role in development of delayed gastric emptying. Activation of macrophages leads to loss of ICC. In human gastroparesis, loss of anti-inflammatory macrophages in gastric muscle has been shown. Deeper molecular characterization using transcriptomics and proteomics has identified macrophage-based immune dysregulation in human gastroparesis.
AB0200 SHORT AND MID-TERM OUTCOME OF FOREFOOT SURGERY FOR PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have frequently painful foot deformities. These deformities including hallux valgus, dorsal dislocation of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints and hammer toe deformity of the lesser toes are associated with disability in daily activities. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate short and mid-term outcome of forefoot surgery for patients with RA. Methods: We investigated 28 patients with 39 foots who underwent forefoot surgery between January 2010 and December 2018 and followed for more than one year after surgery. Swanson implant arthroplasty or metatarsal osteotomy was performed for big toe, and shortening oblique osteotomy (SOO) was performed for the II-V toes. Examination items were as follows; plain X-ray changes in the angle of hallux valgus (HVA), the angle between the first and second metatarsal bones (M1/2), and the angle between the first and fifth metatarsal bones (M1/5) after surgery. The progress of painful hyperkeratosis and bunion, Japanese Society for Surgery of the foot standard rating system (JSSF scale), the recurrence of deformity and bone fusion, complications, and patient satisfaction were also examined. Results: The patients followed were 24 women with 34 feet and 4 men with 5 feet, and average age at the time of surgery was 66.1 years. HVA improved from average of 39.7 degrees to 20.2 degrees one month after surgery, but increased slightly to 23.5 degrees one year after surgery. Painful hyperkeratosis and bunion tended to disappear one month after surgery, and JSSF scale significantly improved at the final observation. One year after surgery, the bone fusion rate of big toe was 100%, but 7.8% of the metatarsal bone underwent SOO had non-union. The complications after surgery were one infection at the surgical site, one necrosis at the tip of the toe, and one infection of Swanson implant. Patient satisfaction at the final observation was high Conclusion: Forefoot surgery for RA has problems such as recurrence, non-union, and infections, but it is considered to be a useful treatment because that pain by hyperkeratosis and bunion disappears and ADL improves. References: [1]Sung IH, Sung YK, Huh DR, Kim SJ. A comparative study on the results of the modified Ludloff osteotomy for hallux valgus deformities with minimal erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints in rheumatoid patients versus non-rheumatoid patients.. Mod Rheumatol 2015; 25(5): 694-700. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Enhanced closed eye neutrophil degranulation in dry eye disease.

Abstract Purpose Closed eye neutrophils have demonstrated increased prevalence in dry eye disease, but the phenotype and extent of activation of these cells has yet to be described. Methods 12 normal subjects and 12 subjects with dry eye disease were recruited and trained for self-collection of closed eye leukocytes, immediately upon awakening. Tear leukocytes were isolated and peripheral blood was collected, and stained with a panel of fluorescently-labeled antibodies to determine the activation phenotype of neutrophils. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and neutrophil elastase (NE) was quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Total numbers of tear leukocytes recovered, at awakening, from normal and dry eye subjects were similar. Tear neutrophils from dry eye subjects had increased expression of membrane receptor CD66b, a marker associated with secondary granule degranulation. There was also a higher proportion of monocytes in the dry eye cohort, as compared to the normal cohort. Extracellular MMP9 was significantly higher in subjects with dry eye disease, and while NE was also elevated, it did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusions Increased inflammation can be observed in the closed eye tears of subjects with dry eye disease, and neutrophils may be a potential source of pathogenic species in dry eye disease. Further research is required to determine the diagnostic potential of closed eye tears.
Is nuclear sirtuin SIRT6 a master regulator of immune function

The ability to ward off pathogens with minimal damage to the host determines the immune system's robustness. Multiple factors, including pathogen processing, identification, secretion of mediator and effector molecules, and immune cell proliferation and differentiation into various subsets, constitute the success of mounting an effective immune response. Cellular metabolism controls all of these intricate processes. Cells utilize diverse fuel sources and switch back and forth between different metabolic pathways depending on their energy needs. The three most critical metabolic pathways on which immune cells depend to meet their energy needs are oxidative metabolism, glycolysis, and glutaminolysis. Dynamic switching between these metabolic pathways is needed for optimal function of the immune cells. Moreover, switching between these metabolic pathways needs to be tightly regulated to achieve the best results. Immune cells depend on the Warburg effect for their growth, proliferation, secretory, and effector functions. Here, we hypothesize that the sirtuin, SIRT6, could be a negative regulator of the Warburg effect. We also postulate that SIRT6 could act as a master regulator of immune cell metabolism and function by regulating critical signaling pathways.
Behavioral synthesis for easy testability in data path scheduling

A data path scheduling algorithm to improve testability without assuming any particular test strategy is presented. A scheduling heuristic for easy testability, based on previous work on data path allocation for testability, is introduced. A mobility path scheduling algorithm to implement this heuristic while also minimizing area is developed. Experimental results on benchmark and example circuits show high fault coverage, short test generation time, and little or no area overhead. >
The use of a herbicide as a tool to increase livestock consumption of medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae)

Medusahead [Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski] is an invasive annual grass spreading into rangelands throughout the western United States. We tested cattle (Bos taurus L.) utilization of T. caput-medusae following treatment with glyphosate in two forms of its salt (potassium salt and isopropylamine salt) at three different rates of application; low (236 g ae ha-1), medium (394 g ae ha-1), and high rates (788 g ae ha-1) in eastern Washington. The herbicide was applied on April 26, 2016. A second location, northern Utah, was treated with glyphosate in the form of its isopropylamine salt at the high rate. The herbicide was applied on June 5, 2019. Cattle were allowed to start grazing T. caput-medusae 15 d after glyphosate treatment and had unlimited access to the glyphosate-treated plots for more than 85 d. The greatest utilization of T. caput-medusae occurred at the highest glyphosate application rate (P < 0.05), in Washington, with no difference between forms of glyphosate salt. Cattle also consumed T. caput-medusae at the Utah site (P < 0.05). Glyphosate treatment preserved the water-soluble carbohydrate content of T. caput-medusae at levels greater than the nontreated controls (P < 0.05) at both locations. The glyphosate treatment assisted in the increased utilization of T. caput-medusae by cattle and is a viable option for the reduction of T. caput-medusae while increasing the forage value of the weed.
Discovery of the Quantum

I have always looked upon the search for the absolute as the noblest and most worthwhile task of science.
Heterotypic clustering of circulating tumor cells and circulating cancer-associated fibroblasts facilitates breast cancer metastasis

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are critical drivers of breast cancer (BC) malignancy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) travel through hematogenous routes to establish metastases. CTCs circulate both individually and, more rarely, in clusters with other cell types. Clusters of CTCs have higher metastatic potential than single CTCs. Previously, we identified circulating CAFs (cCAFs) in patients with BC and found that while healthy donors had no CTCs or cCAFs, both were present in most Stage IV patients. cCAFs circulate individually, as cCAF–cCAF homotypic clusters, and in heterotypic clusters with CTCs. In this study, we evaluate CTCs, cCAFs, and heterotypic cCAF-CTC clusters in patients with stage I–IV BC. We evaluate the association of heterotypic clusters with BC disease progression and metastasis in a spontaneous mouse model. Using previously established primary BC and CAF cell lines, we examine the metastatic propensity of heterotypic cCAF-CTC clusters in orthotopic and tail vein xenograft mouse models of BC. Using an in vitro clustering assay, we determine factors that may be involved in clustering between CAF and BC cells. We report that the dissemination of CTCs, cCAFs, and clusters is an early event in BC progression, and we find these clusters in all clinical stages of BC. Furthermore, cCAFs-CTC heterotypic clusters have a higher metastatic potential than homotypic CTC clusters in vivo. We also demonstrate that the adhesion and stemness marker CD44, found on a subset of CTCs and CAF cells, is involved in heterotypic clustering of these cells. We identify a novel subset of circulating tumor cell clusters that are enriched with stromal CAF cells in BC patient blood and preclinical mouse models of BC metastasis. Our data suggest that clustering of CTCs with cCAFs augments their metastatic potential and that CD44 might be an important mediator of heterotypic clustering of cCAFs and BC cells.
Pathologies of Modern Space: Empty Space, Urban Anxiety, and the Recovery of the Public Self

Pathologies of Modern Space traces the rise of agoraphobia and ties its astonishing growth to the emergence of urban modernity. In contrast to traditional medical conceptions of the disorder, Kathryn Milun shows that this anxiety is closely related to the emergence of "empty urban space": homogenous space, such as malls and parking lots, stripped of memory and tactile features. Pathologies of Modern Space is a compelling cultural analysis of the history of medical treatments for agoraphobia and what they can tell us about the normative expectations for the public self in the modern city.
Lods, wrods, and mods: The interpretation of lod scores calculated under different models

In this paper we examine the relationships among classical lod scores, “wrod” scores (lod scores calculated under the wrong genetic model), and “mod” scores (lod scores maximized over genetic model parameters). We compare the behavior of these scores when the state of nature is linkage to their behavior when the state of nature is no linkage. We describe sufficient conditions for mod scores to be valid and discuss their use to determine the correct genetic model. We show that lod scores represent a likelihood-ratio test for independence. We explain the “ascertainment-assumption-free” aspect of using mod scores to determine mode of inheritance and we set this aspect into a well-established statistical framework. Finally, we summarize practical guidelines for the use of mod scores.
Challenge of Managing Distal Femur Fractures with Long-stemmed Total Knee Implants

Objective Treatment of distal femur fractures by long-stemmed total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is challenging, because of poor bone stock, decreased blood supply, history of multiple knee surgeries and an absence of standard treatment. Few published studies are available concerning this. The purpose of this study was to share surgical technique and better describe our patients' comorbidities, which add to the challenge of managing individuals with these fractures. Methods Between August 2008 and September 2013, seven patients presented to our level I trauma center with distal femoral fractures associated with long-stemmed TKA implants. Their average age was 68.71 years (range, 52–81 years).The most common mechanism of injury was fall (five patients), followed by a traumatic fracture of the femur while walking (one patient), and being lifted out of bed (the one nonambulatory patient). This retrospective study reports a treatment protocol, including surgical technique, and short-term outcome in seven patients in whom locking compression plates (LCP) were used. Results Six fractures were classified as Rorabeck type II, and one as type III. The average time to full-weight-bearing was 5.5 months. At this institution, good short-term results have been achieved by using an LCP with screws placed proximal to the long-stem and distal to the fracture. The six patients all achieved full-weight-bearing,taking an average of 5.5 months (range, 3–7 months). Conclusions LCP is an effective form of management of distal femur fractures around long stem TKAs. An individualized operative approach possibly incorporating bone-graft substitutes, cerclage wire and a post-operative bone stimulator is recommended.
Power transfer among channels in WDM systems

In this paper, we show experimentally and by simulations that the combination of polarisation dependent loss (PDL) and saturation of erbium doped fibre amplifiers (EDFA) in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system causes the power transfer among channels, resulting in a large signal power variation for each channel.