cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of polymer/selective-flake nanocomposite membranes and their use in gas separation

Here, we report for the first time the fabrication of polymer/selective-flake nanocomposite membranes which can, in principle, be scaled down to submicrometer structures. A layered aluminophosphate with a porous net layer is used as a selective phase and a polyimide as a continuous phase. The microstructures of the nanocomposite membranes are investigated using various characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction, NMR, transmission electron microscopy, small-angle neutron scattering, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Nanocomposite membranes with 10 wt % layered aluminophosphate show substantial enhancement in performance with oxygen selectivity over nitrogen as high as 8.9 (as compared to 3.6 for pure polymer) and carbon dioxide selectivity over methane as high as 40.9 (as compared to 13.4 for pure polymer) in room-temperature permeation measurements. This improved performance, along with permeability estimation through the aluminophosphate layers with a semiempirical model, suggests tha...
Intercultural Research in Teacher Education: An Essential Intersection in the Preparation of Globally Competent Teachers

The author argues that a focus solely on social justice in teacher education may be insufficient in bringing about the changes needed in the preparation of teacher candidates to understand and address critically important social issues and to build global competence. Research from the related fields of intercultural research and education suggest that the majority of teachers and teacher education students do not possess the prerequisite attitudes and behaviors required to effect such a change. Contributions from intercultural research in such areas as the formation and reduction of prejudice, acculturation and intergroup interaction, what we know about intercultural sensitivity, the development of intercultural competence, and the process of culture learning are reviewed, suggesting the facilitation of intercultural sensitivity and competence may be an essential precursor to one's understanding that other perspectives, experiences, and histories can and do exist.
Anxiety, Cognitive Development, and Correspondence Attributions and Behavioral Prescriptions

Subjects (N = 261) blocked on their levels of trait anxiety and cognitive development were asked to make causal attributions to account for another person's failure on a task and to prescribe ways to improve the individual's subsequent performance. Subjects at the formal-operational stage and low and moderate levels of trait anxiety showed reliable attribution-behavior prescription correspondence; formal-operational individuals with high trait anxiety and subjects at lower levels of cognitive development showed no consistent relationships between their attributions and subsequent behavioral prescriptions.
LRP6 expression promotes cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by altering β-catenin subcellular distribution

The Wnt signaling pathway plays key roles in both embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-6 (LRP6), a novel member of the expanding LDL receptor family, functions as an indispensable co-receptor for the Wnt signaling pathway. Although the role of LRP6 in embryonic development is now well established, its role in tumorigenesis is unclear. We report that LRP6 is readily expressed at the transcript level in several human cancer cell lines and human malignant tissues. Furthermore, using a retroviral gene transfer system, we find that stable expression of LRP6 in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells alters subcellular β-catenin distribution such that the cytosolic β-catenin level is significantly increased. This is accompanied by a significant increase in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and cell proliferation. Finally, we demonstrate that LRP6 expression promotes tumorigenesis in vivo. These results thus indicate that LRP6 may function as a potential oncogenic protein by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Treatment of dermatofibroma sarcoma protuberans using modified Mohs micrographic surgery: no recurrences and smaller defects.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of modified Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for dermatofibroma sarcoma protuberans (DFSP) in a single institution by a single surgeon. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 25 patients with DFSP who were treated with modified MMS over the past 19 years at Scripps Clinic. Results Of the 25 patients treated with modified MMS for DFSP, there were no identifiable recurrences. The mean follow-up time was 101 months. The defect sizes of DFSP lesions treated by modified MMS are smaller than if the lesions had been treated with the standard wide local excision (WLE) margins of 3 cm. Limitations This is a retrospective analysis using the data of one surgeon. Five of the 25 patients were not examined in our office. Not all patients had 5-year follow-up. There were no cases of the fibrosarcomatous variant. Conclusion Our data support the growing literature that modified MMS achieves excellent local control for DFSP with a possible benefit of smaller defects when compared with treatment with WLE. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
ANALYTICAL TARGET CASCADING FOR THE DESIGN OF AN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY HEAVY TRUCK

Analytical target cascading (ATC) is a methodology that can be used during the early development phase of large and complex systems for propagating desirable overall product targets to appropriate individual specifications for the various subsystems and components. The ATC process is applied to the design of an advanced technology heavy truck. A series hybrid-electric propulsion system, in-hub motors, and variable height suspensions are introduced with the intention of improving both commercial and military design attributes according to a dual-use design philosophy. Emphasis is given to fuel economy, ride, and mobility characteristics. The latter are predicted by analytical and simulation models developed appropriately. This article is an extension to previous work: the engine is now included at the bottom level, several battery types are considered to study their effect on fuel economy, and a more demanding driving schedule is used to assess regenerative braking benefits and ride quality. Results are presented for target values associated with a 100% improvement on fuel economy while maintaining performance attributes relative to existing designs.
Accelerator complex for a radioactive ion beam facility at ATLAS

Since the superconducting heavy ion linac ATLAS is an ideal post-accelerator for radioactive beams, plans are being developed for expansion of the facility with the addition of a driver accelerator, a production target/ion source combination, and a low q/m pre-accelerator for radioactive ions. A working group including staff from the ANL Physics Division and current ATLAS users are preparing a radioactive beam facility proposal. The present paper reviews the specifications of the accelerators required for the facility.
Comment on Davidson (1993)

This comment questions Davidson's (1993) view that inclusion of cross-cultural psychology in training programs deserves high priority. It argues instead for emphasis on the importance of all contextual components in psychological work. Davidson's paper reminds us that the English language has a special place in world culture, and prompts questions about inclusion of a foreign language requirement in training.
Effects of Co-occurring Cannabis Use Disorders on the Course of Bipolar Disorder After a First Hospitalization for Mania

Patients: Patients (N=144) were studied who met criteria for bipolar I disorder (manic or mixed), were 12 to 45 years old, and had no previous hospitalizations and minimal previous treatment. Patients were followed up for up to 5 years and included 33 in whom the onset of a cannabis use disorder preceded the onset of bipolar disorder (cannabis first), 36 in whom bipolar disorder onset preceded the onset of cannabis abuse (bipolar first), and 75 with bipolar disorder only. Main Outcome Measures: Symptomatic recovery and recurrence of both conditions and percentage of follow-up time with affective and cannabis use disorder symptoms. Results: The cannabis first group exhibited better recovery than the other groups, although when adjusted for potential mediator variables these results did not persist. Cannabis use was associated with more time in affective episodes and with rapid cycling. Most cannabis use disorders remitted immediately after hospitalization, followed by rapid rates of recurrence. Conclusions: The effects of the sequence of onsets of bipolar and cannabis use disorders were less pronounced than observed in co-occurring alcohol and bipolar disorders. Aggressive drug abuse treatment immediately after a first psychiatric hospitalization might decrease rates of recurrence and new cases of cannabis use disorder in the course of bipolar disorder.
Evaluation of Cancer Immunity in Mice

There have been significant advances in the development and application of novel therapeutic approaches and improved diagnostics for cancer in the past decade. Manipulation and/or assessment of cancer-specific immunity have been central to these advances. Murine models are a standard for the preclinical development of cancer immunotherapeutics. However, critical advances in our understanding of therole ofthe immune microenvironment and theassessment of cancer-specific immunity have not been fully applied to rodent models. Methods to preserve the function of immune cells after cryopreservation and standard approaches to quantitative immune assays have not been developed. Furthermore, a detailed evaluation of the immune tumor environment, which can impact a clinical response to different agents, is rarely undertaken as models are being contemplated. Rapid translation of immunoncology agents tothe clinic willrequire standardization of immunologic assay methods and a more detailed immunologic characterization of common mouse models. Outlined here are the critical elements in assessing immunity in cancer mouse models and suggestions concerning the standardization of approaches when using these models for the study of immunoncology.
Patch‐Clamp Recording from Neuronal Dendrites

Pyramidal neurons of the central nervous system have extensively arborized apical dendrites that contribute importantly to the signaling properties of the neuron. Recent advances in electrophysiological techniques have allowed recording from neuronal dendrites. These techniques depend on using infrared optics to visualize dendritic processes in the unstained brain slice preparation, on pipet positioning with high resolution micromanipulators, and on stringent techniques for brain slice preparation that preserved healthy dendritic processes, even in tissue from mature animals. The procedures underlying these techniques are described in this unit. Keywords: dendrites; patch-clamp recording; brain slice; hippocampus; IR-DIC microscopy
Iterative reweighted algorithms for matrix rank minimization

The problem of minimizing the rank of a matrix subject to affine constraints has applications in several areas including machine learning, and is known to be NP-hard. A tractable relaxation for this problem is nuclear norm (or trace norm) minimization, which is guaranteed to find the minimum rank matrix under suitable assumptions. In this paper, we propose a family of Iterative Reweighted Least Squares algorithms IRLS-p (with 0 ≤ p ≤ 1), as a computationally efficient way to improve over the performance of nuclear norm minimization. The algorithms can be viewed as (locally) minimizing certain smooth approximations to the rank function. When p = 1, we give theoretical guarantees similar to those for nuclear norm minimization, that is, recovery of low-rank matrices under certain assumptions on the operator defining the constraints. For p < 1, IRLS-p shows better empirical performance in terms of recovering low-rank matrices than nuclear norm minimization. We provide an efficient implementation for IRLS-p, and also present a related family of algorithms, sIRLS-p. These algorithms exhibit competitive run times and improved recovery when compared to existing algorithms for random instances of the matrix completion problem, as well as on the MovieLens movie recommendation data set.
D-GLUCOSE-SENSITIVE NEUROSECRETORY CELLS OF THE CRAB CANCER BOREALIS AND NEGATIVE FEEDBACK REGULATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL

We studied the effects of glucose on cultured X-organ neurons of the crab Cancer borealis using single-electrode current- and voltage-clamp techniques. A subpopulation of the cells responded to D-glucose with a hyperpolarization. These cells, but not glucose-insensitive cells, showed immunoreactivity to crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), the hormone responsible for the elevation of blood glucose levels in crustaceans. Glucose-sensitive cells were also inhibited by serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid but were not affected by dopamine and Leu-enkephalin. The response was specific for D-glucose, with an EC50 of 0.25 mmoll-1. No response was seen to L-glucose, sucrose, galactose, mannose or fructose. The glucose response persisted in the absence of extracellular Na+ and in low-Ca2+/Mn2+ saline. In voltage-clamp experiments, D-glucose evoked a small current with a reversal potential close to that of voltage-dependent K+ currents. We conclude that D-glucose activates a K+ current in CHH-immunoreactive cells that, in normal saline, induces a hyperpolarization. We propose that this enables glucose to regulate directly the release of CHH into the hemolymph, thus constituting a negative feedback mechanism regulating hemolymph glucose concentration.
Body surface Laplacian ECG mapping

A noninvasive approach has been developed to resolve spatially distributed cardiac electrical activity by measuring the surface Laplacian of the body surface potential. Computer simulations demonstrate the ability of the Laplacian map compared with the potential map to image spatially distributed dipole sources embedded in a semi-infinite volume conductor. Body surface Laplacian mapping has been implemented in human subjects utilizing dry bipolar Laplacian electrodes and was compared with potential maps obtained using the central terminal of each bipolar Laplacian electrode. The body surface Laplacian map appears to resolve depolarization and repolarization of different regions of the heart. Further improvements of the body surface Laplacian mapping may permit noninvasive mapping of spatially distributed intracardiac events. >
Limitations of esophageal temperature-monitoring to prevent esophageal injury during atrial fibrillation ablation.

A number of complications have been associated with ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), including arterial thrombo-embolism, pulmonary vein stenosis, phrenic nerve injury, and pericardial tamponade.1–4 Esophageal injury, manifested as esophageal perforation or left atrial-esophageal fistula, has been reported after catheter or surgical ablation of AF using radiofrequency (RF) current5–8 and catheter ablation using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).9 Left atrial-esophageal fistula usually is associated with a very high morbidity and mortality, including air embolism and sepsis. Article see p 162 Esophageal injury during RF ablation in the left atrium is thought to be thermal injury.10–12 In this issue of Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology , Singh et al13 sought to determine whether the risk of esophageal injury would be reduced by measuring the luminal esophageal temperature (LET) during ablation and maintaining the LET below 38.5°C. The LET was measured using a 9Fr flexible temperature probe (with a single thermocouple) in the esophagus. The temperature probe was maneuvered in cranial-caudal direction to position the thermocouple close to the ablation catheter tip in the left atrium. We agree in principal with the authors’ conclusion that esophageal temperature-monitoring may reduce the risk of esophageal injury during AF ablation. An esophageal ulcer was observed by endoscopy 1 to 3 days postablation in 4 of 67 (6%) patients with LET-monitoring (and discontinuing RF application at LET ≥38.5°C) compared to 5 of 14 (36%) patients without LET-monitoring. Importantly, in patients with LET-monitoring, this study showed no significant difference between patients with and without an esophageal ulcer and the maximum LET during ablation or the number of RF applications producing an increase in LET to ≥38.5°C. …
Application of signal processing techniques for estimating regions of copy number variations in human meningioma DNA

We applied mode-decomposition and matched-filtering, both signal processing techniques used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), to array CGH data of human meningioma DNA, in order to extract genomic regions of copy-number changes potentially associated with tumor progression. DNA segments from different chromosomes were decomposed into a small number of dominant components (modes), and low-amplitude modes were eliminated. The SNR of the entire segment was increased and it was possible to identify local changes in the data spatial structure, previously indistinguishable due to noise. We applied matched-filtering to the mode-reduced signals, using a normal DNA sequences (averaged over 50 healthy donors) as the template. The residual signals from this process were analyzed to identify disease-related copy number changes. We were able to identify distinct local changes at different chromosomes in patients with recurrent versus primary meningiomas.
VKORC1 ER mislocalization causes rare disease

In this issue of Blood , Czogalla et al identify that the rare heritable hemorrhaging disease, vitamin K–dependent clotting factor deficiency type 2 (VKCFD2), is caused by mislocalization of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).[1][1] ![Figure][2] The
Variation and the Interlanguage Hypothesis

Previous studies of variation in interlanguage morphology have led to conflicting and contradictory claims concerning the relation between interlanguage forms and the contexts in which they occur. The present study suggests that such contradictions are due to the descriptively inadequate model of variation used in earlier studies. A multivariate model is proposed and applied to the analysis of variation in the acquisition of the English (s) pluralizaron rule by native speakers of Chinese. Three major groups of factors are shown to influence variation: stage of acquisition, linguistic environment, and communicative redundancy. Findings confirm the hypothesis that there exists a degree of systematicity in interlanguage, but suggest that the interlanguage system is best described in terms of probabilistic rules.
Rethinking the Context of Hate Speech (Book Review: Michael Herz & Peter Molnar, The Content and Context of Hate Speech: Regulation and Responses (Cambridge University Press 2012))

Can hate speech regulation become fun again? Current hate speech regulation often devolves into a sterile debate between libertarian Americans and censorious Europeans over whose approach to hate speech is better. A series of cutting edge essays by Michael Herz and Peter Molnar’s 2012 volume (eds.) The Content and Context of Hate Speech: Rethinking Regulation and Responses (Cambridge University Press 2012) points the way forward. It does this by challenging the commonly held premise that the United States does not punish hate speech. Instead, as many of the authors show, the United States does punish such speech – only it does so outside the formal legal system through “social sanctions” such as public condemnation of hate speakers and public based shunning. The nuanced approach to hate speech regulation will only become more important as the debate over hate speech shifts to the world of social media. At the same time, the book as a whole suggests an emerging global consensus around the idea that hateful speech can be punished if it incites violence. While the jury is still out on the extent, necessity and feasibility of this emerging consensus, the Herz and Molnar volume gives us the tools to explore these important issues.
Toward an Anthropology of Insurance and Health Reform: An Introduction to the Special Issue

This article introduces a special issue of Medical Anthropology Quarterly on health insurance and health reform. We begin by reviewing anthropological contributions to the study of financial models for health care and then discuss the unique contributions offered by the articles of this collection. The contributors demonstrate how insurance accentuates--but does not resolve tensions between granting universal access to care and rationing limited resources, between social solidarity and individual responsibility, and between private markets and public goods. Insurance does not have a single meaning, logic, or effect but needs to be viewed in practice, in context, and from multiple vantage points. As the field of insurance studies in the social sciences grows and as health reforms across the globe continue to use insurance to restructure the organization of health care, it is incumbent on medical anthropologists to undertake a renewed and concerted study of health insurance and health systems.
The Beach House (R)

Used in conjunction with UVA-QA-0614 and UVA-QA-0615. Three couples, all good friends, rent a beach house for the week. They all have different financial circumstances and different beliefs about what's fair. They need to find a way to decide who sleeps where, and how to divide the costs of the beach house.
Simulation of Hypervelocity Impact on Massively Parallel Supercomputer

Hypervelocity impact studies are important for debris shield and armor/anti-armor research and development. Numerical simulations are frequently performed to complement experimental studies, and to evaluate code accuracy. Parametric computational studies involving material properties, geometry and impact velocity can be used to understand hypervelocity impact processes. These impact simulations normally need to address shock wave physics phenomena, material deformation and failure, and motion of debris particles. Detailed, three-dimensional calculations of such events have large memory and processing time requirements. At Sandia National Laboratories, many impact problems of interest require tens of millions of computational cells. Furthermore, even the inadequately resolved problems often require tens or hundred of Cray CPU hours to complete.
3405 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (egd) in the evaluation of asymptomatic liver transplant candidates - will esophagoscopy be sufficient?

Background: It is the standard of care in cirrhotic patients to identify large esophageal varices (EV) so that beta blocker therapy can be used to prevent bleeding. Unsedated EGD performed with new small calibre endoscopes is well tolerated and has a diagnostic yield similar to standard EGD for EV. Small calibre esophagoscopes are also being evaluated and might be useful for EV screening in liver transplant (LT) candidates in the office setting. Aim: To study the prevalence of significant gastroduodenal pathology in asymptomatic LT candidates that could be missed with small calibre esophagoscopes. Methods: Charts of 294 patients with cirrhosis who underwent EGD for LT evaluation between 1/95 and 9/99 were reviewed. Patients with dyspepsia, weight loss, GI bleeding, and current NSAID and/or acid suppresant therapy were excluded leaving 199 asymptomatic patients. Demographics, etiology of cirrhosis, physical findings, laboratory parameters, Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score and class, imaging results and EGD findings were recorded. Results: 122 (61%) men and 77 (39%) women with median age 51 years (range 18-77) were studied. The etiology of cirrhosis was hepatitis C 30%, alcohol +/- hepC 29%, hepatitis B 9%, cholestatis 9%, NASH 6%, autoimmune 6%, cryptogenic 11% and others 1.5%. CTP class distribution was A 86(43%), B 69(35%) and C 44(22%). EGD portal hypertensive findings were EV +/- gastric varices 53% and gastropathy 58%. Prevealence of portal hypertensive findings were significantly higher in CTP class B and C than class A (p
Impact of the Lognormal Distribution on Studies of Phenotypic Variation and Evolutionary Rates

Kerfoot, W. Charles and Arnold G. Kluge (Museum of Zoology and Department of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104). 1971. Impact of the Lognormal Distribution on Studies of Phenotypic Variation and Evolutionary Rates. Syst. Zool., 20:459-464.-Both normal and lognormal statistics describe the distribution of vertebral numbers in local samples of lower vertebrates. When samples from populations possessing different means are compared, however, standard deviations of vertebral counts are correlated with mean counts, a relationship predicted by the lognormal, but not the normal distribution. Fit to the lognormal requires recognition in significance testing, neoessitates log transformation of variables in studies of evolutionary rates, and predicts exponential rates of character divergence under constant selective pressure. Numerous papers discuss the variability of vertebral number in the context of systematics, embryology, and genetics. Studies show that vertebral number is heritable and polygenic both in natural populations and in laboratory strains (Green and Russell, 1951; McLaren and Michie, 1954), and that vertebral number is susceptible to temperature shock during embryonic development (Fox, Gordon and Fox, 1961; Kubota, 1967; Lindsey, 1962; Taning, 1944). Other studies suggest the selective advantage of the modal number found in natural populations (Ford and Bull, 1926). Most of these works implicitly assume that vertebral numbers are normally distributed. The distributions appear bell-shaped, and slight departures from normality have little effect on the results of the above mentioned studies. Comparison of vertebral distributions between organisms indicates a higher order relationship between the variance and the mean, which suggests that vertebral distributions more closely fit a lognormal distribution, and thus may provide additional insights into the development and evolution of vertebral number.
Consumption of Sugarbeet Foliage by the Saltmarsh Caterpillar

Sugarbeet leaf consumption by Estigmene acrea (Drury) increases in proportion to larval size but decreases temporarily at each molt. Leaf consumption and time to completion of larval development can be estimated by the weight or length of larvae. The number of larvae necessary to defoliate a given percentage of the sugarbeet plant can be calculated by using the formula: No. Insects/plant= % defoliation X total leaf area/plant/consumption X no. days feeding X 100 where consumption = (current + potential consumption)/2.
The Power Network in Pheonix An application of Smallest Space Analysis

Dans l'introduction, l'auteur presente le cadre general de "l'etude de la structure du pouvoir", la population etudiee (la ville de Phoenix dans l'Etat d'Arizona) et la methode d'analyse des reseaux utilisee.A partir d'une matrice symetrique qui comptabilise les liens entre les differentes institutions de Phoenix, etablie par un type classique d'analyse des reseaux, l'auteur a employe une "smallest space analysis" pour obtenir la "meilleure" representation sur un plan (deux dimensions) de cette matrice et donc de l'articulation des institutions, les unes par rapport aux autres.Les donnees utilisees etaient de deux types differents : d'abord 125 institutions comprenant des grandes entreprises privees locales, les banques, les compagnies d'assurances, les fondations, les grandes institutions d'education, les grands clubs et les institutions du gouvernement local et du gouvernement de l'Etat ; ensuite, les noms des 1.848 individus qui appartenaient soit comme dirigeant, soit comme membres a ces institutions....
Semi-automatic segmentation of normal female pelvic floor structures from magnetic resonance images.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are important health issues affecting millions of American women. Investigation of the cause of SUI and POP requires a better understand of the anatomy of female pelvic floor. In addition, pre-surgical planning and individualized treatment plans require development of patientspecific three-dimensional or virtual reality models. The biggest challenge in building those models is to segment pelvic floor structures from magnetic resonance images because of their complex shapes, which make manual segmentation labor-intensive and inaccurate. In this dissertation, a quick and reliable semi-automatic segmentation method based on a shape model is proposed. The model is built on statistical analysis of the shapes of structures in a training set. A local feature map of the target image is obtained by applying a filtering pipeline, including contrast enhancement, noise reduction, smoothing, and edge extraction. With the shape model and feature map, automatic segmentation is performed by matching the model to the border of the structure using an optimization technique called evolution strategy. Segmentation performance is evaluated
Case 1: Abdominal Pain and Seizure in a 4-year-old Boy

1. John Sanders, MD, MS* 2. Jody Huber, MD* 1. *Sanford Children’s Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD. A 4-year-old boy presents with a 2-week history of intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting. He also has poor oral intake and decreased urine output. Yesterday he developed left ankle pain and redness and refused to walk. He also had a staring spell that developed into a brief tonic seizure this morning. Physical examination reveals temperature of 96.8°F (35.9°C), heart rate of 165 beats/min, respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min, and blood pressure of 145/107 mm Hg. His weight is 17 kg (45th percentile) and height is 104 cm (34th percentile). He has dry oral mucosae. He has no rashes but a warm, erythematous, swollen area over the superior aspect of the left ankle. He has mild tenderness all over the abdomen, although it is soft and without ascites, masses, or organomegaly. He has 2+ pitting edema on both legs. His lungs are clear to auscultation. Laboratory tests upon admission demonstrate:
Etiology investigation and epidemiological analysis of viral diarrhea among adults in Haidian district, beijing

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea among adults in Haidian district, Beijing.Methods Stool samples were collected from 282 adults in Haidian district of Beijing from June 2012 to May 2013 to detect five kinds of common diarrhea virus with fluorescent PCR. Results 119 samples were detected among 282(42.20%, 119/282), the detection rate was 9.22% for rotavirus, 26.60% for norovirus, 5.32% for astrovirus, 2.84% for sapovirus and 0.00% for adenovirus.Co-infection was detected in 5 cases. The most common type was co-infection of sapovirus and norovirus, accounting for 60.00%(3/5). Adults of 20-40 years old were the major patients, the incidence peaks of viral diarrhea among adults occurred in autumn and winter. Conclusion Norovirus is the most prevalent pathogen of adults viral diarrhea in Haidian district of Beijing in 2012-2013,followed by rotavirus. Co-infection is detected too, to which close attention should be paid in future epidemiological and etiological researches.
TRANSFUSION REACTIONS TO A PLASMA CONSTITUENT OF WHOLE BLOOD THEIR PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT BY WASHED RED BLOOD CELL TRANSFUSIONS

1. The clinical histories of 11 patients with a severe and hitherto undescribed type of reaction to in vitro compatible whole blood are presented. These patients all experienced beneficial responses to therapy with washed red blood cell transfusions. The technic of washing the blood is outlined. 2. In 5 of the patients, sensitivity to a heat-labile constituent of fresh normal plasma was demonstrated. In the remaining 6 patients, although actual sensitivity to plasma was not proved, transfusions of washed red blood cells were well tolerated and were therapeutically effective. 3. These uncommon reactions to the plasma in whole blood are differentiated from the usual pyrogenic, allergic or hemolytic plasma reactions by their ease of repetition in the absence of pyrogens, by lack of the usual allergic manifestations, and by the failure to demonstrate hemoglobinemia or hemoglobinuria. 4. A simple diagnostic test ("plasma provocative test") is described which appears to be of specific value in the differentiation of the reaction. 5. It is suggested that in any instance of severe transfusion reaction to apparently compatible whole blood this type of sensitivity to the donated plasma should be borne in mind as a possible cause. The plasma provocative test should then be tried. If positive, the transfusion of well washed red blood cells will probably be effective and in some cases may be of life-saving importance.
Congenital duodenal obstruction: causes and imaging approach

Bilious emesis is a common cause for evaluation in pediatric radiology departments. There are several causes of congenital duodenal obstruction, most of which require elective surgical correction, but the potential of malrotation with midgut volvulus demands prompt imaging evaluation. We review the various causes of congenital duodenal obstruction with an emphasis on the approach to imaging evaluation and diagnosis.
The Basics of Macroeconomic Accounting

In this chapter we are going to begin to build the necessary foundation to understand modern money. Please bear with us. It may not be obvious at first why this is important. But you cannot possibly understand the debate about the government’s budget (and critique the deficit hysteria that has recently gripped many nations) without understanding basic macro accounting. Nor can you understand the problems in Euroland — which have to do with the set-up of its monetary system, not with the supposed profligate spending of lazy Greeks, Spaniards, and Italians. So be patient and pay attention. No higher math or knowledge of intricate accounting rules will be required. This is simple, basic stuff. It is a branch of logic. But it is extremely simple logic.
Reconstruction the Life of a Colored Woman: The Pocket Diaries of Emilie F. Davis

On January 1, 1863, the day the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves in Confederate states under federal control, went into effect, Emlie F. Davis, a twenty-one-year-old freeborn black woman, sat in her room in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pulled out her pocket diary, and proceeded to write about her feelings and activities. From January 1, 1863, to December 31, 1865, Davis recorded her private thoughts, hopes, concerns, and fears, as well as gossip, news, and information about local and national events in three leather-bound pocket diaries, which are currently housed at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Through her simple act of recording her daily experiences, Davis has left us with a much-needed lens through which to glimpse the everyday experiences of a free black woman in Philadelphia during the Civil War.
Cases and Materials on Florida Constitutional Law

This book of CASES AND MATERIALS ON FLORIDA CONSTITUTIONAL LAW is intended for educational use. It differs from other casebooks on this topic in that it approaches the study of state constitutional law from a comparative constitutional law perspective. Part 1 explores the question of how a state constitution can produce its own jurisprudence in light of the supremacy of the United States Constitution. Part 2 outlines the canons of construction for the Florida Constitution. Part 3 introduces the concept that a state constitution can be a source of heightened civil liberties and fundamental rights. Part 4 explores this issue in greater detail by using the Florida Constitution as an example. Part 5 identifies Florida Constitutional rights without an exact parallel to those in the text of the US Constitution and asks whether Florida has taken its own path in interpreting or implementing the identified constitutional rights. Part 6 introduces rights embodied in the text of the Florida Constitution that are not embodied in the text of the US Constitution. In so doing, we compare Florida's approach to those of other state constitutions. Part 7 addresses the familiar refrain that unlike the federal constitution a state's constitution is a restriction upon power not a grant of power. Part 8 looks at state constitutional criminal procedure by examining the ancient origin of the jury and the recent origin of Florida criminal procedure. Part 9 examines the US Supreme Court's acceptance of a state's inherent police power, and state-by-state differences in zoning and nuisance law, so as to better understand how eminent domain and inverse condemnation may differ under state constitutions such as Florida's.
The bilingual voice: Vocal characteristics when speaking two languages across speech tasks

The present study compares vocal parameters in bilinguals’ use of two languages across different speech tasks, in order to examine whether language selection and task type will manifest different o...
Estimating signal loss in pine forests using hemispherical sky oriented photos

Abstract We depend on numerous technologies that use microwave signals. The reception of these signals is degraded by reflection, absorption, and scattering due to propagation through vegetation. An understanding of how these signals are influenced by vegetation structure allows for the determination of how specific technologies may be affected in certain forest environments. This study presents a model that predicts signal loss in forested areas using novel methods. We explore the relationships between forest parameters from traditional mensuration techniques and terrestrial-based hemispherical sky oriented photos (HSOPs), and GPS signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). HSOPs can be used to rapidly estimate leaf area index (LAI) and canopy closure (CC) values at particular angles from zenith in forested areas. The relationships between changes in the observed SNR of received GPS L1-band signals under forest canopies and forest parameter estimates calculated using HSOPs and traditional forest measurements are used to model signal attenuation. Using ordinary least squares regression modeling, we present the Canopy Closure Predictive Model (CCPM). The CCPM outlines the key forest parameters used with an adjusted R2 of 0.71 and RMSE of 2.78 dB. The resulting CCPM predicts signal attenuation while using only the minimum number of statistically-significant parameters which, conveniently, are taken from sky oriented photos and GPS receivers allowing for simple and rapid replication.
The Role of Islam in Russia’s Geopolitical Vision

The final chapter traces the influence of Russia’s conceptualizations of Islam, as recontextualized in the previous sections, on Russian geopolitical stances. It reveals that, in fact, Islam participates in and influences broader conceptualizations of Russia as a regional and international actor. Russia’s relations with the Muslim world and Iran, its position in the Syrian conflict, and its actions in Crimea are considered from this specific perspective.
Effects of Learning from Failure, Leadership, and Knowledge on Ambidexterity and Firm Performance

Research demonstrates that ambidexterity is often very important for achieving and sustaining firm performance. In this paper, we delve deeper into what influences ambidexterity and consequently firm performance. We suggest that learning from failure affects a firm’s ability to achieve organizational ambidexterity (that is, balance between exploration and exploitation activities), and further, given the important role of firm leadership in making strategic decisions, we examine how behavioral integration among members of the top management team affects the relationship between learning from failure and ambidexterity. Subsequently, we examine the important relationship between ambidexterity and firm performance by focusing on the moderating effects of two types of knowledge stock – market and technological. We test our conceptual framework using a sample of 235 firms. Our results indicate that learning from failure positively influences ambidexterity while top management behavioral integration weakens this...
The TRIMendous Role of TRIMs in Virus-Host Interactions.

The innate antiviral response is integral in protecting the host against virus infection. Many proteins regulate these signaling pathways including ubiquitin enzymes. The ubiquitin-activating (E1), -conjugating (E2), and -ligating (E3) enzymes work together to link ubiquitin, a small protein, onto other ubiquitin molecules or target proteins to mediate various effector functions. The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family is a group of E3 ligases implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions including cell cycle progression, autophagy, and innate immunity. Many antiviral signaling pathways, including type-I interferon and NF-κB, are TRIM-regulated, thus influencing the course of infection. Additionally, several TRIMs directly restrict viral replication either through proteasome-mediated degradation of viral proteins or by interfering with different steps of the viral replication cycle. In addition, new studies suggest that TRIMs can exert their effector functions via the synthesis of unconventional polyubiquitin chains, including unanchored (non-covalently attached) polyubiquitin chains. TRIM-conferred viral inhibition has selected for viruses that encode direct and indirect TRIM antagonists. Furthermore, new evidence suggests that the same antagonists encoded by viruses may hijack TRIM proteins to directly promote virus replication. Here, we describe numerous virus–TRIM interactions and novel roles of TRIMs during virus infections.
Incorporating dried blood spot LC-MS/MS analysis for clinical development of a novel oncolytic agent

Aim: Design and execution of a dried blood spot (DBS-LC–MS/MS) assay for pharmacokinetic analyses in oncology patients. Results & discussion: The methodology was validated to collect and store DBS samples from multiple clinical sites, and analyze blood with diverse hematocrit ranges (25–55) to match the potential patient population. Bridging data comparing DBS and plasma showed high degree of concordance with DBS:plasma ratios of 0.81, demonstrating no preferential uptake or association with cellular components of the blood. Pharmacokinetic analysis supporting clinical development was performed using 20 μl of blood collected as DBS. Incurred sample reanalysis showed high correlation. Conclusion: Successful validation of a DBS method and implementation in the clinic enabled pharmacokinetic analysis during the clinical development of a novel oncolytic agent in oncology patients.
Reflection of Bounded Acoustic Beams from a Layered Solid

It is well known that when a bounded beam of acoustic waves is incident on a fluid-solid interface at certain critical angles, the reflected beam is significantly distorted and displaced due to the interference between specularly and nonspecularly reflected waves. Measurement and analysis of the reflected field can be used to estimate certain near surface elastic properties of the solid by means of several alternative nondestructive experimental arrangements [1,2]. In most of these experiments the interface generated leaky waves play a significant role. Thus a good understanding of the interface phenomena is a prerequisite to the design of experiments for their practical applications.
The Political Economy of Trade Finance: Export Credit Agencies, the Paris Club and the IMF

Export Credit Agencies provide insurance and guarantees to domestic firms in the event that payment is not received from an importer. Thus, ECAs reduce uncertainties domestic firms face in exporting their goods. Most countries have ECAs that operate as official or quasi-official branches of their governments and they therefore represent an important part of government strategies to facilitate trade, promote domestic industry and distribute foreign aid. The Political Economy of Trade Finance provides a detailed analysis as to how firms use the medium and longer-term financing provided by ECAs to export goods to developing countries. It also explains how ECA arrears have contributed to the debt of developing countries and illustrates how the commercial interests of ECA activity are evident in decisions about IMF arrangements and related to Paris Club debt rescheduling agreements. Finally, the book documents how the medium and longer-term export credit insurance support provided by the G-7 ECAs was a central component in mitigating steep declines in international trade during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. This book is of great interest to both academics and students in the field of political economy, finance and politics of international trade. It is also of importance to policy makers.
Smart and Pervasive Health Systems—Challenges, Trends, and Future Directions

Patients with chronic illnesses account for three-quarters of health care costs in the United States. For many patients, chronic conditions such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, and neurological disorders significantly affect their health-related quality of life (HQoL). Recent advances in wearable and ambient sensors and mobile health (mHealth) technologies have enabled remote monitoring of patient health and their symptoms thereby enhancing effective self-management of chronic conditions and improvement in patient HQoL. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent trends and challenges in designing smart and pervasive health systems for monitoring patients with chronic illnesses. Recent work in developing wearable sensors and mHealth technologies for managing a variety of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, and Parkinson’s disease is described in detail. The article addresses various research gaps in security, energy optimization, scalability, and interoperability. The paper concludes with future research directions and recommendations in user centric design, closed loop systems, value based treatment, signal processing, and device level research for efficient design and adoption of smart and pervasive health systems.
TP53 mutations are common in mantle cell lymphoma, including the indolent leukemic non-nodal variant.

Abstract Introduction Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell neoplasm, but clinically indolent subtypes are also recognized. Data on the utility of mutation profiling in the context of routine workup and its role in risk-stratification of MCL patients are limited. In this study, we describe the mutational landscape and clinicopathologic correlates of a series of MCL cases at a single-institution setting. Methods Samples from 26 patients with MCL were evaluated by NGS using DNA extracted from peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow (BM). Evaluation of extent of PB or BM involvement was performed using flow cytometry immunophenotyping. Results The study group included 17 (65%) men and 9 (35%) women with a median age of 65 years (range, 50–94). Twenty-one (81%) patients had n odal MCL (N-MCL) and 5 (19%) had the “ l eukemic variant” (L-MCL). Mutated genesincluded TP53 (35%), ATM (27%), CARD11 (10%); and FBXW7, NOTCH1, SPEN, BIRC3 (~5% each). Most mutations were clonal in nature. Ten unique TP53 mutations were identified in 9 samples, including 3 L-MCL cases. There was no difference in the frequency of TP53 mutations between L-MCL and N-MCL groups (p = 0.3), but TP53 mutations were subclonal in 2/3 L-MCL cases. Identification of clonal TP53 alterations in L-MCL patients prompted initiation of therapy despite low tumor burden. Conclusions TP53 is commonly mutated in MCL. TP53 mutations may be clonal or subclonal. Seemingly indolent L-MCL may harbor subclonal TP53 mutations which may serve as a useful biomarker for prognostication, therapeutic planning, follow-up monitoring, and early detection of clonal expansion.