cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mucinous carcinoma of the colon and rectum

The clinicopathologic significance of mucus production by adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum was analyzed in retrospective study with stage matched non-mucus producing control carcinomas. Mucinous carcinoma of the colon and rectum comprised 132 (15%) of 893 cases of colorectal carcinoma. The rectum was the most common site (33% of cases). While 120 mucinous cancers had a poorer five-year survival than non-mucinous tumors (34% vs. 53%, p less than .005), these had a particularly bad prognosis in the rectum (18% 5 year survival vs. 49% for the non-mucinous tumor controls, p less than .00k). The theoretical basis for this location-dependent behavior is considered. From this study, distinctive clinico-pathologic features emerge. There were seven documented cases of ulcerative colitis and 8 additional patients gave a history of "colitis". An additional five patients had received prior pelvic irradiation. Of particular note was the fact that 31% of mucinous carcinomas were associated with villous adenomas, implying a histogenetic relationship. Moreover, this finding again emphasizes the neoplastic potential of the villous adenoma, especially in the rectum where the development of mucinous carcinoma is particularly ominous.
II. A reply to Siegel on Kuhnian relativism

Siegel argues that the Kuhnian relativism presented in ‘Kuhn's Epistemological Relativism’ fails because it neglects the possibility of rational choice in science between rival paradigms’ own incommensurable standards on the basis of ‘paradigm‐neutral external standards’. In reply, it is argued (1) that Siegel has given no reason to believe that there are such external standards in science, (2) that the mere ‘possibility’ of such standards in scientific debate is not sufficient to vitiate Kuhn's relativism, (3) that the actual existence of rational debate concerning the internal standards of rival paradigms does not entail (as Siegel claims) the existence of ‘paradigm‐neutral external standards’, and finally (4) that Kuhn's relativism concerning standards in science does not lead (as Siegel claims) to a ‘reductio’ which undermines the philosophical standards implicit in Kuhn's argument.
Regulation of sodium-glutamine cotransport in villus and crypt cells by glucocorticoids during chronic enteritis

Background: Assimilation of the preferred nutrient of enterocytes is mediated primarily by sodium (Na)-dependent cotransport (NGct) in the intestine. The predominant NGcT in villus cells, B0AT1, is inhibited secondary to a decrease in cotransporter numbers during chronic intestinal inflammation. In contrast, NGcT mediated by SN2 in crypt cells is stimulated secondary to increased affinity of the cotransporter for glutamine during chronic ileitis. Glucocorticoid is a mainstay of treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. However, its effect on NGcT is not known. Methods: The inhibition of B0AT1 in villus cells during chronic intestinal inflammation was reversed back to normal by methylprednisolone (MP). This was secondary to the restoration of the cotransporter numbers in the brush border membrane rather than an alteration in the affinity. The stimulation of NGcT in crypt cells during chronic ileitis was also restored back to its normal levels by MP treatment. This reversal was secondary to the restoration of the altered affinity of the cotransporter SN2 for glutamine. Results: Kinetic studies and western blot analysis were consistent with functional studies for both cotransporters. Thus, glucocorticoids restore two uniquely altered Na-glutamine cotransporters, B0AT1 in villus and SN2 in crypt cells during chronic enteritis. Conclusions: These data indicate that glucocorticoids function as an upstream broad spectrum immune modulator in the chronically inflamed intestine. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;)
Conference report: Toward earthquake prediction on the global scale

Only 10 years ago, most U.S. seismologists would have attributed to the dark arts any claim that earthquakes would be predictable. Yet at that very time the radical theory of global tectonics was being firmly established. Today, seismologists recognize numerous physical precursors to earthquakes. Earthquake prediction research is respectable in the scientific establishment. A valid earthquake prediction specifies location, time of occurrence, size, and probability. Successful prediction of large earthquakes can lead to great reductions in economic and life losses; to increased safety and efficiency in critical facilities such as nuclear reactors, power grid control centers, and dams; and to there turn of a populace to normal living patterns following a damaging earthquake.
Intrapericardial bronchogenic cysts

A rare case of large intrapericardial bronchogenic cyst with superior vena caval obstruction is reported. The cyst was successfully removed and the superior vena cava, which was narrowed by pressure fibrosis and thrombosis, was reconstructed satisfactorily and has maintained patency. In another case a large cyst of the same type without vena caval obstruction was successfully treated surgically. The features of these 2 cases are compared with those of 20 reported cases. The angiographic data in these cases appear to be sufficiently characteristic to suggest the nature of the lesion and the clinical finding of pericarditis early in the course of the disease may also suggest the diagnosis.
Metacarpal proportions in Australopithecus africanus

Abstract Recent work has shown that, despite being craniodentally more derived, Australopithecus africanus had more apelike limb-size proportions than A. afarensis. Here, we test whether the A. africanus hand, as judged by metacarpal shaft and articular proportions, was similarly apelike. More specifically, did A. africanus have a short and narrow first metacarpal (MC1) relative to the other metacarpals? Proportions of both MC breadth and length were considered: the geometric mean (GM) of articular and midshaft measurements of MC1 breadth was compared to those of MC2–4, and MC1 length was compared to MC3 length individually and also to the GM of MC2 and 3 lengths. To compare the extant hominoid sample with an incomplete A. africanus fossil record (11 attributed metacarpals), a resampling procedure imposed sampling constraints on the comparative groups that produced composite intrahand ratios. Resampled ratios in the extant sample are not significantly different from actual ratios based on associated elements, demonstrating the methodological appropriateness of this technique. Australopithecus africanus metacarpals do not differ significantly from the great apes in the comparison of breadth ratios but are significantly greater than chimpanzees and orangutans in both measures of relative length. Conversely, A. africanus has a significantly smaller breadth ratio than modern humans, but does not significantly differ from this group in either measure of relative length. We conclude that the first metacarpals of A. africanus are more apelike in relative breadth while also being more humanlike in relative length, a finding consistent with previous work on A. afarensis hand proportions. This configuration would have likely promoted a high degree of manipulative dexterity, but the relatively slender, apelike first metacarpal suggests that A. africanus did not place the same mechanical demands on the thumb as more recent, stone-tool-producing hominins.
Computer use in psychology instruction

This paper presents the ways in which psychology departments are using microcomputers for instruction, the types of facilities that they are using, and the varieties of hardware that they employ. These data are related to other data reported over the past 10 years. In addition, a summary of the types of software currently available in all areas of psychology is presented, and areas in which there is a need for further software development are identified. The information reviewed in this paper was compiled from the current software listings available through COMPSYCH, as well as the results of a survey distributed to registered users of COMPSYCH who hold academic positions.
Melting of a semi-infinite solid with a volume distributed substrate heat source

Abstract The analysis of the melting of a semi-infinite slab initially at its melting temperature with a heat source, volume distributed within a supporting substrate layer, is performed by the heat balance integral method.
ARL participation in the C4ISR OTM experiment: integration and performance results

The Command, Control, Communication, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) On-The- Move (OTM) demonstration is an annual showcase of how innovative technologies can help modern troops increase their situational awareness (SA) in battlefield environments. To evaluate the effectiveness these new technologies have on the soldiers' abilities to gather situational information, the demonstration involves United States Army National Guard troops in realistic war game scenarios at an Army Reserve training ground. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) was invited to participate in the event, with the objective demonstrating system-level integration of disparate technologies developed for gathering SA information in small unit combat operations. ARL provided expertise in Unattended Ground Sensing (UGS) technology, Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) technology, information processing and wireless mobile ad hoc communication. The ARL C4ISR system included a system of multimodal sensors (MMS), a trip wire imager, a man-portable robotic vehicle (PackBot), and low power sensor radios for communication between an ARL system and a hosting platoon vehicle. This paper will focus on the integration effort of bringing the multiple families of sensor assets together into a working system.
Ion dynamics and sublattice melting in the superionic conductor PbF2

Abstract The F 19 relaxation rates in PbF 2 exhibit anamolous changes as the temperature is increased into the superionic phase. These changes confirm the concept of a continuous melting of the fluorine sublattice and show that the fluorine motion in the superionic phase is highly correlated.
Analysis of Stalk Rot Resistance and Genetic Diversity among Drought Tolerant Sorghum Genotypes

Forty-five drought tolerant sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes were screened for stalk rot resistance by artificial inoculation with Fusarium proliferatum in field trials near Manhattan, KS, in 2000. Four lines, SC134, SC1154, SC1039, and SC564, were identified with lesions that were smaller than the standard resistant check, SC599. These lines and four other checks were intercrossed in a Design Il mating scheme with 'AWheatland' and 'ARedlan' to produce hybrids for further testing. The inbred parent lines and corresponding hybrids were evaluated for resistance to four major stalk rot pathogens, F. proliferatum, F. thapsinum, F. andiyazi, and Macrophomina phaseolina, using randomized complete block designs in field trials near Manhattan and Hesston, KS, in 2001. Significant differences in lesion length were detected among the inbred parent lines and their corresponding hybrids. Comparisons among entries indicated that crosses of SC701 and SC564 were susceptible and produced very large lesions following inoculation with each of the stalk rot pathogens evaluated in this study. Only small lesions were produced in SC599 and its hybrids following inoculation with either Fusarium species or M. phaseolina. SC134 also exhibited high levels of resistance to Fusarium species and SC35 to M. phaseolina. Comparisons among pathogens showed that inoculations with M. phaseolina produced larger lesions than the Fusarium species in most sorghum genotypes. The most resistant accessions in these studies were all from East Africa; therefore, an analysis of genetic diversity was conducted to evaluate the pattern of genetic relationships among the full set of drought tolerant lines. DNA fingerprinting followed by cluster analyses grouped the entries into five distinct clusters, mainly according to geographical origin. Three of the resistant lines grouped together in a cluster that contained mostly Ethiopian landraces while SC599 grouped in another cluster.
Contrasting effects of maytansine and vinblastine on the alkylation of tubulin sulfhydryls.

Abstract The ansa macrolide maytansine is a competitive inhibitor of vinblastine for binding to tubulin. Both drugs are potent inhibitors of microtubule assembly in vitro but maytansine, unlike vinblastine, is unable to induce tubulin aggregation or to stabilize colchicine binding. In this study, the effects of maytansine and vinblastine on the accessibility of tubulin's sulfhydryl groups were compared. It was found that 10 μ m vinblastine inhibited the reaction of bovine brain tubulin with [14C]iodoacetamide by 45%. In contrast, maytansine, even up to 100 μ m , had no effect on the reaction. However, when the two drugs were tested in combination, maytansine was a potent inhibitor of vinblastine's effect, consistent with the two drugs competing for the same or overlapping sites, but suggesting that the nature of the binding was different. In contrast, maytansine did not affect the suppression of alkylation induced by colchicine and podophylotoxin, consistent with these drugs binding to different sites. Maytansine and vinblastine were each able to increase the formation of β ∗ by the bifunctional reagent, N,N′-ethylenebis-(iodoacetamide); β ∗ is the designation for an electrophoretically faster migrating form of β-tubulin which apparently contains an intrachain crosslink. Thus, in at least the portion of the tubulin molecule involved in β ∗ formation, the two drugs have similar effects. Since maytansine does not appear to suppress any competing alkylation reactions, it is possible that the enhancement of β ∗ formation represents a genuine conformational effect. Since the sulfhydryl groups of tubulin may be involved in regulating microtubule assembly, it is likely that maytansine and vinblastine differ in the manner in which they inhibit microtubule assembly.
Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in silicon

In silicon devices, the spectral bandwidth of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is limited by the narrowband nature of the Raman process in this medium. In this Letter, we report the observation of broadband wavelength conversion in silicon through CARS enhanced by the self-phase-modulation-induced spectral broadening of the optical pump. The CARS conversion over a bandwidth substantially greater than the intrinsic Raman linewidth is demonstrated yielding conversion efficiencies as high as 1%. Numerical simulations are performed to explain the spectral features observed in the spectrum of the anti-Stokes signal.
One-to-One Partial Right Translations of a Right Cancellative Semigroup

A one-to-one partial right translation of a semigroup S is a one-to-one partial transformation p of S whose domain is a left ideal and which has the property that for each a E Ap, x E S, (xa)p = x(ap). The set 3 of all one-to-one partial right translations of S is an inverse semigroup which reflects many of the properties of S. The construction of 9 gives rise to a functor from a category of semigroups to the category of inverse semigroups. The first two sections deal with the effect of this functor on objects and morphisms respectively. In the third section, the functor is applied to show that the category of right cancellative monoids and, so-called, permissible homomorphisms is naturally equivalent to a category of O-simple inverse semigroups. The category of O-simple inverse semigroups is explicitly described. This result can be considered as an analog to Clifford’s theorem which describes the structure of a bisimple inverse monoid in terms of its right unit subsemigroup.
Eating patterns and body weight change of snakes when eating and when food deprived

Abstract Four Florida king snakes were maintained in a warm (27°C) room with continuous access to water and were presented mice daily for 17 weeks, after which they were not fed for six weeks. When fed daily, the snakes ate large meals at intervals of four to five days and increased their body weights an average of 61 per cent during the 17 week period. During the first few days of food deprivation they lost a substantial amount of weight as they digested the last meal, but their weights fell very slowly thereafter. After six weeks of food deprivation the average body weight loss relative to weight immediately before the last pre-deprivation meal was only 6.3 per cent. When feeding was resumed after deprivation, none of the animals displayed an increase in food intake, and two of the animals failed to eat for extended periods.
Activity of methanotrophic bacteria in Green Bay sediments

Sediment pore water samples obtained from a 19 m station in Green Bay in Lake Michigan were examined for levels of ambient dissolved methane and copper, and for the potential for in situ methane oxidation by methanotrophs found within surface sediments. The in situ methane concentration in the upper oxic sediment layer ranged from 20–150 μmol · 1−1 at this station. The activity of methanotrophs and the kinetics of methane oxidation in these sediments were demonstrated by the uptake of radiolabeled methane. Ks values varied between 4.1–9.6 nmol · cm3 of sediment slurry. High Vmax values (12.7–35.2 nmol · cm−3 · h−1) suggest a large population of methanotrophs in the sediments. An average methane flux to the oxic sediments of 0.24 mol · m−2 · year−1 was calculated from the pore water methane gradients. Pore water concentrations of copper in the upper sediment layer ranged from 10–120 nmol · 1−1. Based upon the copper concentration, other measured parameters, and equilibrium conditions defined by WATEQF4, an estimate for dissolved free Cu2+ concentration of 5–38 nmol · 1−1 pore water was obtained. Several factors control the rate of methane oxidation, including oxygen, methane, and the bioavailability of free Cu2+.
Rate of RNA synthesis and tRNA end-labeling during early development of Phaseolus

Axes of Phaseolus vulgaris cease synthesis of RNA during the maturation stage of embryogeny. During the imbibition phase of germination RNA synthesis resumes after the axes reach a normal water content. In the first hour of inbibition a very low rate of incorporation of 3H-adenosine into is RNA found, and the primary site of incorporation is the-CCA end of tRNA. At later stages of germination tRNA end-labeling accounts for a minor fraction of adenosine incorporation. The rate of RNA synthesis increases after initiation of axis elongation to a maximal rate at 18 h of germination. ATP pool-size and specific activity vary over a several-fold range during development, an important consideration in determining the rate of RNA synthesis.
Does Entry Size Matter? The Impact of the Life Cycle and Technology on Firm Survival

A wave of empirical studies has recently emerged showing that smaller-scale entry is confronted with a lower likelihood of survival than their larger counterparts. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the relationship between size of a firm when entering an industry and the likelihood of survival holds under different technological conditions and across the different stages of the industry life cycle. The empirical evidence suggests that the relationship between firm size and the likelihood of survival is shaped by technology and the stage of the industry life cycle. While the likelihood of survival confronting small entrants is generally less than that confronting their larger counterparts, the relationship does not hold for mature stages of the product life cycle, or in technologically intensive products. In mature industries that are still technologically intensive, entry may be less about radical innovation and possibly more about filling strategic niches, thus negating the impact of entry size on the likelihood of survival.
When Was Rock and Roll

Abstract This paper discusses the characteristics of rock and roll music, and proposes a pragmatic method by which to chart the beginning and end of the rock-dominated era of popular American music.
Lowered fusion cross section in the quadruply magic heavy-ion system 48Ca + 208Pb

Abstract The results of radioanalytical mass yield distribution studies of the reaction of 48 Ca with thick 208 Pb targets at the effective laboratory energies of 255 and 300 MeV are reported. Complete fusion cross sections are found to be significantly lower than those found for 40 Ar induced reactions with non-magic targets apparently showing the effect of the projectile and target nuclear structure on such cross sections.
Nonlinear Modeling of a Rigid Rotor Supported on Rolling Element Bearings With Localized Defects

In this paper a nonlinear model for defects in rolling element bearings is developed. Detailed nonlinear models are useful to detect, estimate and predict failure in rotating machines. Also, accurate modeling of the defect provides parameters that can be estimated to determine the health of the machine. In this paper the rotor-bearing system is modeled as a rigid rotor and the defects are modeled as pits in the bearing race. Unlike the previous models, the motion of the rolling element thorough the defect is not modeled as a predetermined function; instead, it is dynamically determined since it depends on the clearance and the position of the shaft. Using this nonlinear model, the motion of the shaft is simulated and the effect of the rolling element passing through the defect is studied. The effect of shaft parameters and the defect parameters on the precision of the shaft and the overall performance of the system is studied. Finally, suitable measures for health monitoring and defect tracking are suggested.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Responding to War on Capitol Hill: : Battlefield Casualties, Congressional Response, and Public Support for the War in Iraq

Recent scholarship argues that how members of Congress respond to an ongoing war significantly influences the president's strategic calculations. However, the literature is comparably silent on the factors influencing the public positions members take during the course of a military venture. Accounting for both national and local electoral incentives, we develop a theory positing that partisanship conditions congressional responses to casualties in the aggregate, but that all members respond to casualties in their constituency by increasingly criticizing the war. Analyzing an original database of more than 7,500 content-coded House floor speeches on the Iraq War, we find strong support for both hypotheses. We also find that Democrats from high-casualty constituencies were significantly more likely to cast antiwar roll-call votes than their peers. Finally, we show that this significant variation in congressional antiwar position taking strongly correlates with geographic differences in public support for war.
Adaptive filtering for the separation of incoherent scatter and meteor signals for Arecibo observation data

Abstract The Arecibo 430 MHz incoherent scatter radar (ISR) has been used to observe the ionosphere and meteors over 40 years. The meteor signals have traditionally been treated as the interference in ionosphere observation data, while more recently the incoherent scatter signals have been described as background noise in the meteor observation data. In this paper we present signal processing techniques that separate these two different signals into different geophysically interesting data sets. We investigate two techniques for two different data sets. For meteor observation data an adaptive filter is used to locate and separate meteor returns from the total data so that we improve meteor detection rate. For ionosphere observation data we use a filterbank followed by the short time Fourier transform (STFT) analysis to remove the meteor signals from the incoherent scatter results. By doing this the incoherent scatter data will not be contaminated and we can also analyze meteor characteristics from the separated signal.
Isolation and characterization of a double-stranded DNA Mycovirus infecting the aquatic fungus, Rhizidiomyces

Isometric particles 60 nm in diameter were isolated from the culture filtrate of the aquatic fungus, Rhizidiomyces, via pressure dialysis. The virus particles had a sedimentation coefficient of 625 S and a buoyant density of CsCI of 1.314 g/ml. The nucleic acid was dsDNA present as a single molecule (MW = 16.8 x 10(6)). Gel electrophoresis revealed 14+ protein bands ranging from MW of 84,500 to 26,000, with the largest one being dominant. This mycovirus appears to be distinct from all previously characterized viruses.
Kinetic Modeling of Contrast-Enhanced MRI: An Automated Technique for Assessing Inflammation in the Rheumatoid Arthritis Wrist

In recent years, development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) drug therapy has been more directly targeted to counteract specific mechanisms of inflammation, and it is now believed that early aggressive treatment with disease modifying drugs is important to inhibit future structural joint damage. The development of these new treatments has increased the need for methodologies to assess disease activity in RA and monitor the effectiveness of drug therapy. Unlike X-ray, which shows only structural bone damage, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can depict soft tissue damage and synovitis, the primary pathology of RA. Recent studies have also indicated that MRI is sensitive to pathophysiologic changes that may predate radiographic erosions and may predict future joint damage. In this study, we have developed a computer automated analysis technique for MR wrist images that provides an objective measure of RA synovitis. This method applies a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model to every voxel of a dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) dataset and outputs resulting parametric images. The aim of this technique is to not only objectively quantify the severity of rheumatoid synovitis, but to also locally determine where areas of serious disease activity are situated through kinetic modeling of blood-tissue exchange. Preliminary results show good correlation to early enhancement rate, which has previously been shown to be a useful clinical marker of RA activity. However, the use of tracer kinetic modeling methods potentially provides more specific information regarding underlying RA physiology. This approach could provide a useful new tool in RA patient management and could substantially improve RA therapeutic studies by calculating objective biomarkers of the disease state.
Defending judgment and context in ‘original reporting’: Journalists’ construction of newswork in a networked age

With professional journalism facing vigorous competition over its jurisdiction in information production from online aggregators and networked forms of journalism, this article examines how journalists publicly construct their own reporting work in opposition to a networked alternative and argue to the public for its value. It does so through a qualitative analysis of discourse from mainstream journalistic sources regarding the document-leaking group WikiLeaks, identifying distinctions journalists made to differentiate their work and its professional value from that of WikiLeaks. The analysis suggests that journalists assign less importance to the sociocultural conventions and objects of evidence that have traditionally constituted professional newswork – documents, interviews, and eyewitness observation – and more significance instead to the less materially bound practices of providing context, judgment, and narrative power. In doing so, journalists cast themselves fundamentally as sense-makers rather th...
Influences of biomass heat and biochemical energy storages on the land surface fluxes and radiative temperature

[1] The interest of this study was to develop an initial assessment on the potential importance of biomass heat and biochemical energy storages for land-atmosphere interactions, an issue that has been largely neglected so far. We conducted flux tower observations and model simulations at a temperate deciduous forest site in central Missouri in the summer of 2004. The model used was the comprehensive terrestrial ecosystem Fluxes and Pools Integrated Simulator (FAPIS). We first examined FAPIS performance by testing its predictions with and without the representation of biomass energy storages against measurements of surface energy and CO2 fluxes. We then evaluated the magnitudes and temporal patterns of the biomass energy storages calculated by FAPIS. Finally, the effects of biomass energy storages on land-atmosphere exchanges of sensible and latent heat fluxes and variations of land surface radiative temperature were investigated by contrasting FAPIS simulations with and without these storage terms. We found that with the representation of the two biomass energy storage terms, FAPIS predictions agreed with flux tower measurements fairly well; without the representation, however, FAPIS performance deteriorated for all predicted surface energy flux terms although the effect on the predicted CO2 flux was minimal. In addition, we found that the biomass heat storage and biochemical energy storage had clear diurnal patterns with typical ranges from −50 to 50 and −3 to 20 W m−2, respectively; these typical ranges were exceeded substantially when there were sudden changes in atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, FAPIS simulations without the energy storages produced larger sensible and latent heat fluxes during the day but smaller fluxes (more negative values) at night as compared with simulations with the energy storages. Similarly, without-storage simulations had higher surface radiative temperature during the day but lower radiative temperature at night, indicating that the biomass energy storages act to dampen the diurnal temperature range. From these simulation results, we concluded that biomass heat and biochemical energy storages are an integral and substantial part of the surface energy budget and play a role in modulating land surface temperatures and must be considered in studies of land-atmosphere interactions and climate modeling.
The Influence of Public Self-Consciousness and Anger on Aggressive Driving

This study examined how anger interacted with public self-consciousness to influence aggressive driving. It was hypothesized that when people were angry, more aggressive driving behavior would occur when public self-consciousness was low than when public self-consciousness was high. To test this hypothesis the participants were required to complete measures of driving anger and public self-consciousness. Then participants gave a retrospective self-report of aggressive driving behavior. Further, participants were required to keep a log in which they recorded aggressive driving behavior. The results supported the prediction. Public self-consciousness interacted with anger to influence aggression while driving.
Exquisite Moments and the Temporality of the Kiss in Mrs. Dalloway and The Hours

This chapter applies Eve Sedgwick’s concept of the “queer moment” to Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway to analyze a kiss between the title character and her childhood friend, Sally Seton. More than thirty years after it has occurred, Clarissa Dalloway still remembers this kiss as “the most exquisite moment of her whole life.” Using the work of queer theorists, this chapter argues that the kiss disrupts normative narratives of development, like the bildungsroman. The chapter moves from Mrs. Dalloway to Michael Cunningham’s reenvisioning of this kiss in The Hours. Cunningham’s text is filled with queer kisses, all of which present strange and complicated temporalities. Together these two texts offer a way to consider the kiss as a “queer moment” with the possibility to disrupt narrative continuity.
A Novel 5'-Iodonucleoside Allows Efficient Nonenzymatic Ligation of Single-stranded and Duplex DNAs

A new iodothymidine phosphoramidite enables the placement of a 5'-iodide into oligonucleotides; the iodide is stable to ammonia deprotection and allows nonenzymatic ligations of DNA.
Thirty-five years of journal of econometrics

Abstract The paper discusses how the Journal of Econometrics started and has grown over the years. It analyzes a trend in the research areas of the published articles and reviews some of the important papers that have been published. It concludes with an assessment of the future of the journal.
Physiological relationships and circadian periodicities in rodent trypanosomes.

Abstract Trypanosome circadian rhythms in rats infected with Trypanosoma lewisi and mice infected with T. duttoni (=T. musculi) were observed. Peak numbers of trypanosomes were recorded at nightfall and fewest organisms seen at daybreak. Reversal of the photoperiod resulted in a comparable reversal of the trypanosome parasitaemia. Periodicities of blood glucose levels and circulating leucocytes were relatively similar in T. lewisi-infected rats to rhythms previously defined in normal animals. In trypanosome-infected mice, circulating leucocytes had a peak at 1800 hours and were minimal at midnight. Immune serum and epinephrine apparently had opposite effects on numbers of circulating rat trypanosomes; antisera reduced and epinephrine increased the numbers. Increased motor activity appeared to induce increased parasitaemia. Results of these and other studies suggest that in diurnally active hosts, trypanosome periodicities are characterized by increasing numbers in the circulation throughout the day and reach a peak just before darkness. In nocturnally active animals a similar rhythm was observed with only a slight phase change; circulating trypanosomes increased throughout the day and were maximal soon after nocturnal onset.
Possible metabolic constraints on human brain weight at birth.

Having humans born with adult-size brains would entail only a small and readily evolved increase in the size of the human female birth canal. The explanation for the present size of the human brain at birth is then plausibly based on the upper limit of brain that can be nourished by present human nutritional strategies. This limit turns out to be about 10% of the body weight of the newborn infant, in agreement with the actual value.
Overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in adults and children in South Korea: a review of the literature.

Overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are increasing in South Korea dramatically. This review of the literature summarizes published studies on the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and meta...
Global failure localization: we have to, but on what and how?

Failure analysis (FA) is important in knowing exactly what's wrong with the ICs and what customers demand to know why. This work discusses how to do FA in the future, and where to perform this analysis. The need to examine transistors and interconnects from an IC's backside has enabled a natural extension of front side optical FA techniques and development of new tools provide improved detection of diffusion defects. Diagnosis and FA must be considered and developed concurrently with new technologies. And this really answers how we'll get to future FA.
Selective proliferation of natural killer cells among monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a result of stimulation with staphylococcal enterotoxin B.

In vitro stimulation of monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) resulted in selective proliferation of cells which express the phenotypic and functional characteristics of natural killer (NK) cells. This culture system provides an easy method for obtaining highly purified NK cells, by sequential incubation of monocyte-depleted cells with SEB and then with interleukin-2 (IL-2). After culture for 4 to 5 days in the presence of SEB, 98 to 100% of the cells expressed the CD16 (Leu11) and HNK-1 (Leu19) antigens. This purification occurred through the death of lymphocytes lacking NK cell markers and marked proliferation of NK cells themselves, which leads to an enrichment of the NK cell population. Activation of NK cells was detected by the appearance of the gamma interferon receptor and IL-2 receptor antigens. This homogeneous population showed the morphology of large granular lymphocytes, were potent effectors of cell-mediated cytotoxicity against K562 and Daudi tumor cell lines, and were able to kill gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. IL-2 was necessary to maintain the activation and proliferation after SEB stimulation for 4 days. Moreover, the maximum frequency of binding to K562 cells (60.6%) was similar to that recently found (58 +/- 3%) (P. Garcia-Penarrubia, F. T. Koster, and A. D. Bankhurst, J. Immunol. Methods 118:199-208, 1989) with fresh and highly purified NK cells. This method can be used as a source of highly purified NK cells to study their functional properties and applications to the treatment of cancer.
Use of Herpes Type-specific Serology to Prevent Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the three presentations of neonatal herpes. 2. Delineate the primary routes of acquisition of neonatal herpes. 3. Explain why herpes simplex virus type-specific serology should be used to identify at-risk pregnant women. 4. Describe approaches to prevention of neonatal herpes. At the midpoint of the third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) (approximately 1991), herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 seroprevalence in the United States was approximately 22%. This represented an approximately 30% increase since the midpoint of the second NHANES study in the early 1980s. (1)(2)(3) Because sexual practices in the adult population probably have not changed, it is reasonable to assume that over the decade since the third NHANES study, HSV-2 seroprevalence in the United States increased by an additional 30%. To this must be added another 10% to account for genital herpes due to HSV-1. Accordingly, the prevalence of genital herpes in the United States may be as high as 40%, an average prevalence that suggests some regions (eg, urban and coastal) may have substantially higher rates than others (eg, central and rural). The NHANES study and others have demonstrated that women have higher seroprevalence rates than men, a finding consistent with the increased susceptibility of women to acquire sexually transmitted diseases. (1)(2)(3)(4) Finally, HSV-1 is increasingly responsible for initial episodes of genital herpes both in the United States and Europe. (5) Genital herpes is transmitted primarily from persons who have unrecognized infection or during periods of asymptomatic shedding. (4)(6) Approximately 75% to 90% of persons who have HSV-2 antibodies are unaware of their infection and are experiencing genital reactivations that take the form of either mildly symptomatic recurrences (two thirds of persons) that are attributed to problems …
Atoh1a expression must be restricted by Notch signaling for effective morphogenesis of the posterior lateral line primordium in zebrafish

The posterior lateral line primordium (pLLp) migrates caudally, depositing neuromasts to establish the posterior lateral line system in zebrafish. A Wnt-dependent FGF signaling center at the leading end of the pLLp initiates the formation of `proneuromasts9 by facilitating the reorganization of cells into epithelial rosettes and by initiating atoh1a expression. Expression of atoh1a gives proneuromast cells the potential to become sensory hair cells, and lateral inhibition mediated by Delta-Notch signaling restricts atoh1a expression to a central cell. We show that as atoh1a expression becomes established in the central cell, it drives expression of fgf10 and of the Notch ligand deltaD, while it inhibits expression of fgfr1. As a source of Fgf10, the central cell activates the FGF pathway in neighboring cells, ensuring that they form stable epithelial rosettes. At the same time, DeltaD activates Notch in neighboring cells, inhibiting atoh1a expression and ensuring that they are specified as supporting cells. When Notch signaling fails, unregulated atoh1a expression reduces Fgfr1 expression, eventually resulting in attenuated FGF signaling, which prevents effective maturation of epithelial rosettes in the pLLp. In addition, atoh1a inhibits e-cadherin expression, which is likely to reduce cohesion and contribute to fragmentation of the pLLp. Together, our observations reveal a genetic regulatory network that explains why atoh1a expression must be restricted by Notch signaling for effective morphogenesis of the pLLp.
Ensemble extraction for classification and detection of bird species

Advances in technology have enabled new approaches for sensing the environment and collecting data about the world. Once collected, sensor readings can be assembled into data streams and transmitted over computer networks for storage and processing at observatories or to evoke an immediate response from an autonomic computer system. However, such automated collection of sensor data produces an immense quantity of data that is time consuming to organize, search and distill into meaningful information. In this paper, we explore the design and use of distributed pipelines for automated processing of sensor data streams. In particular, we focus on the detection and extraction of meaningful sequences, called ensembles, from acoustic data streamed from natural areas. Our goal is automated detection and classification of various species of birds.
Preparation and Characterization of Fibrous Cerium Oxide Templated from Activated Carbon Fibers

High surface area cerium oxide has been prepared using a carbon templating method. Impregnation of a highly mesoporous activated carbon (Darco KB-B) with an aqueous solution of cerium nitrate, followed by carbon burn off, afforded ceria with surface area of up to 148 m2/g. According to thermogravimetric studies, ceria formation proceeds via decomposition of cerium nitrate at ca. 410 K; oxidation of the carbon template commences at the same temperature, being facilitated by the release of NO2 from the Ce compound. Use of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) as template was found to provide a simple route to fibrous cerium oxide. The lower surface areas (3 - 59 m2/g) of the resulting ceria fibers reflect the largely microporous nature of the ACFs; evidently the Ce nitrate solution is unable to penetrate their micropores. Consequently, the surface area of the ceria product is found to increase with increasing mesoporosity of the ACF template. Electron microscopy reveals that the ceria fibers are composed of highly crystalline primary particles of 5-10 nm diameter; further, the fibers display a number of interesting morphological features at the macro- and nano-scales.
Preparation and testing of a superconducting cavity for CESR-B

A 500 MHz niobium cavity was delivered to Cornell in January, 1992. The key features of the cavity design are a large, i.e. 24 cm diameter, circular beam tube which allows all but two of the higher-order modes (HOM's) to propagate away from the cavity, a "fluted" beam tube which allows the remaining HOM's to propagate, and a waveguide fundamental input coupler. The cavity was tested vertically in the as-received condition and almost achieved the design criteria. After this initial test the cavity was etched, rinsed and dried, and tested again. Modest helium processing enabled the cavity to exceed the design criteria of E/sub acc/=10 MeV/m and Q/sub 0/=10/sup 9/. No indication of multipacting was observed in any of the tests. Several warm-up/cool-down cycles have been made. A cool-down procedure which avoids the "Q-virus" problem has been identified. >
Automated global enhancement of digitized photographs

A global image enhancement technique used to improve the visual quality of digitized photographs is described. The technique consists of two phases, viz., visual analysis and enhancement. In the visual analysis phase, approximate regions of an image that are visually significant are identified. Evaluation of visual significance is based on the features of focus, contrast, and texture which, in turn, are computed using some simple statistical measures. In the enhancement phase, a gray level transformation is applied to the entire image that pushes the average intensity of the visually significant regions towards neutral gray to provide the best detail in these regions. The transformation is obtained by simulating the exposure-density curve of photographic films and performing an exposure correction operation. Experimental results illustrating the operation and performance of the technique are presented. The proposed technique is useful for real-time applications as well as interactive enhancement of photographs. >
IPABP, AN INDUCIBLE POLY(A)-BINDING PROTEIN DETECTED IN ACTIVATED HUMAN T CELLS

The poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) binds to the poly(A) tail present at the 3' ends of most eukaryotic mRNAs. PABP is thought to play a role in both translation and mRNA stability. Here we describe the molecular cloning and characterization of an inducible PABP, iPABP, from a cDNA library prepared from activated T cells. iPABP shows 79% sequence identity to PABP at the amino acid level. The RNA binding domains of iPABP and PABP are nearly identical, while their C termini are more divergent. Like PABP, iPABP is primarily localized to the cytoplasm. iPABP is expressed at low levels in resting normal human T cells; following T-cell activation, however, iPABP mRNA levels are rapidly up-regulated. In contrast, PABP is constitutively expressed in both resting and activated T cells. iPABP mRNA was also expressed at much higher levels than PABP mRNA in heart and skeletal muscle tissue. These data suggest that the regulation of cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding activity is more complex than previously believed. In most tissues, poly(A)-binding activity is likely to be the result of the combined effects of constitutively expressed PABP and iPABP, whose expression is subject to more complex regulation.
SYSTEM RELIABILITY OPTIMIZATION WITH k-OUT-OF-n SUBSYSTEMS

Optimal solutions to the redundancy allocation problem are determined for systems designed with multiple k-out-of-n subsystems in series. The objective is to select the components and redundancy levels to maximize system reliability given system-level constraints. The individual subsystems may use either active or cold-standby redundancy, or they may require no redundancy. Previously, optimization methods for this problem either pertained to k-out-of-n systems consisting of a single subsystem or to series–parallel systems (k=1). Additionally, it had generally been assumed that only active redundancy was to be used. In practice design problems can vary appreciably from these restrictions and the design process may consider more complex system configurations. Unfortunately, available optimization algorithms are inadequate for many of these design problems. The methodology presented here is specifically developed to accommodate the case with k-out-of-n subsystems. Optimal solutions to the problem are found b...