cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gaining an Understanding of Interprofessional Roles and Responsibilities Among Pre-Professional Health Students

INTRODUCTION Interprofessional education (IPE) literature at the pre-professional health program level is limited. Exposing students to IPE prior to health professional program matriculation may increase students’ understanding of their chosen professions’ contributions to the health team as well as the role of other professions on the team. METHODS Summer Health Professions Education Program (SHPEP) participants from three institutions engaged in a six-week academic enrichment program, which required an IPE component. Prior to engagement in the IPE curricula, SHPEP participants were asked to complete a pre-survey. A component of the survey included the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education-Revised instrument, version 2 (SPICE-R2). Low pre-mean scores for the SPICE-R2 Roles and Responsibilities factor led to an exploratory research design asking participants to complete the following statement “My role on an interprofessional team is…” upon completion of the SHPEP program. RESULTS Nine topic areas were identified from 163 participant statements: 1) contribute to the team, 2) collaborating with the team; 3) lead the team; 4) patient-focus; 5) population health/public health; 6) listen to others; 7) respect contributions of other team members; 8) learn from others; and 9) refer to others. DISCUSSION Pre-professional health student participant responses were reflective of the U.S. Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) Roles and Responsibilities, Interprofessional Communication and Values and Ethics competencies. CONCLUSION Earlier presentation of IPE concepts allows students to develop a more comprehensive view of interprofessional roles. Results of this study demonstrate accurate learning of the IPEC RR competency and support integrating IPE experiences within academic enrichment programs for pre professional health students.
Long-term Measurements of PM2.5 Concentrations in Lubbock, Texas

ABSTRACT Aerosol particles, such as PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm), are an important yet variable component of our atmosphere; their presence defines the air quality and profoundly affects human health. In this project, we examine changes in the PM2.5 concentration, which is subject to temporal and spatial conditions and may vary by hour or day, in Lubbock, Texas, from 2001 to 2018. The hourly PM2.5 concentrations were measured at the local Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) station, analyzed for diurnal, weekly, monthly, seasonal, and yearly changes, and compared with meteorological parameters (such as the temperature, wind direction or speed, and visibility) recorded by the local National Weather Service station at Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport. In addition, we examined the effects of El Nino and La Nina on the PM2.5 concentration. The majority of the average daily PM2.5 values fell below the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) daily threshold of 35 µg m–3, but many days exhibited high hourly concentrations, mainly due to dust storm events. No correlations were found between the concentrations and various meteorological parameters. Based on the hourly measurements, the diurnal distributions were bimodal, with morning and evening peaks, and the highest monthly averages were observed for April and June. A comparison of the PM2.5 concentrations during El Nino and La Nina revealed higher values during the latter, with the maximum concentrations occurring during weak La Ninas.
A Multidisciplinary Approach: Teaching Medical Spanish to Medical Students Using Role-play

Abstract Introduction The Hispanic community is the most rapidly growing minority group in the United States, making up 18.1% of the population, with 40% reporting limited English proficiency. To address this need, many health sciences institutions have implemented medical Spanish courses to increase Spanish proficiency among future healthcare providers. Although interactive courses have shown efficacy in teaching field-related terminology, barriers to medical Spanish curriculum implementation persist. Our study investigated the benefit of role-play, an underutilized teaching modality, in a medical Spanish course. Methods 19 second year medical students were recruited to participate. Based on their placement test performance, students were assigned to a beginner or intermediate group and met weekly for one-hour sessions over five consecutive weeks. Students assumed the roles of Spanish-speaking patient, English-speaking provider, and interpreter to practice various medical scenarios. Students completed pre- and post-course examinations to assess Spanish proficiency improvement. Statistical significance was determined using a p-value Results Seven students, all members of the intermediate group, completed the course. Attendance among this group was 77.4%. When comparing examination scores, there was statistically significant improvement in oral translation of phrases from Spanish to English (p-value= 0.03). Discussion Statistically significant improvement in oral translation of phrases from Spanish to English was accomplished through a minimal time requirement of one hour per week utilizing role-play. Given the fact that limited time poses a barrier to implementing medical Spanish curricula, our findings highlight the potential benefit of this teaching methodology and call for further evaluation.
Joule heating of carbon pixels for on-demand thermal patterning

Abstract Here we report the Joule heating of graphite-based pixel arrays using direct current (DC) power and alternating current (AC) power. We show performance of a DC applicator for scalable heating and thermal pattern generation. We demonstrate, for the first time, large-area non-contact heating using microstrip patch antennas operating at 2.45 GHz. We find that the steady-state temperature correlates with the surface conductivity of the individual pixel, and there is an optimum conductivity of the pixel associated with efficient heating in both DC and AC applicators. The applicators developed in this study allow for thermal gradients and patterns by tuning the conductivity of each individual pixel and can be used with any type of carbon-based material such as carbon nanotubes and laser-induced graphene. The applicators could be extended to use for thermal displays, deicing and defrosting, and localized curing of composites. We also demonstrate Joule heating as a useful metric for damage sensing in conductive coatings.
Vibrio cholerae’s mysterious Seventh Pandemic island (VSP-II) encodes novel Zur-regulated zinc starvation genes involved in chemotaxis and autoaggregation

Abstract Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a notorious diarrheal disease that is typically transmitted via contaminated drinking water. The current pandemic agent, the El Tor biotype, has undergone several genetic changes that include horizontal acquisition of two genomic islands (VSP-I and VSP-II). VSP-I and -2 presence strongly correlates with pandemicity; however, the contribution of these islands to V. cholerae’s life cycle, particularly the 26-kb VSP-II, remains poorly understood. VSP-II-encoded genes are not expressed under standard laboratory conditions, suggesting that their induction requires an unknown signal from the host or environment. One signal that bacteria encounter under both host and environmental conditions is metal limitation. While studying V. cholerae’s zinc-starvation response in vitro, we noticed that a mutant constitutively expressing zinc-starvation genes (Δzur) aggregates in nutrient-poor media. Using transposon mutagenesis, we found that flagellar motility, chemotaxis, and VSP-II encoded genes are required for aggregation. The VSP-II genes encode an AraC-like transcriptional activator (VerA) and a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (AerB). Using RNA-seq and lacZ transcriptional reporters, we show that VerA is a novel Zur target and activator of the nearby AerB chemoreceptor. AerB interfaces with the chemotaxis system to drive oxygen-dependent autoaggregation and energy taxis. Importantly, this work suggests a functional link between VSP-II, zinc-starved environments, and aerotaxis, yielding insights into the role of VSP-II in a metal-limited host or aquatic reservoir. Author Summary The Vibrio Seventh Pandemic island was horizontally acquired by El Tor pandemic strain, but its role in pathogenicity or environmental persistence is unknown. A major barrier to VSP-II study was the lack of stimuli favoring its expression. We show that zinc starvation induces expression of this island and describe a transcriptional network that activates a VSP-II encoded aerotaxis receptor. Importantly, aerotaxis may enable V. cholerae to locate more favorable microenvironments, possibly to colonize anoxic portions of the gut or environmental sediments.
Dynamic manufacturing process control

A business need existed for a data management system to combine raw material quality data, in-process statistical control data, and the resulting customer satisfaction data in a manufacturing environment. No system existed that analyzed these three sets of data to optimize customer satisfaction. Therefore, an expert system was developed to fill this need. It includes a relational database for correlating data about the manufacturing process and customer needs. The Customer Quality Analysis (CQA) system has been implemented as a pilot program within IBM. The program that initiated the development of this data management system is highlighted, then specific materials applications are discussed. The authors conclude with suggestions for possible extensions of this process into other manufacturing process areas. >
Thrombosis of external iliac and common femoral arteries secondary to blunt trauma due to handlebar injury

Abstract Background Vascular injuries are uncommon following a bicycle handlebar injury in children. However, they are associated with an extremely high morbidity including limb loss and asymmetric limb growth. Case presentation 11 year old previously healthy female who presented to a pediatric emergency department immediately after sustaining blunt trauma to her abdomen by a bicycle handlebar. She complained of pain in her right lower extremity without paresthesia and was noted to have a painful superficial laceration to the right lower abdomen with tenderness on palpation. The extremity was noted to be mottled, cool to touch, with decreased sensations and delayed capillary refill but intact motor function. The peripheral pulses in the extremity were noted to be absent on exam, which was confirmed by a bedside Doppler. A Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) of the abdomen and pelvis revealed an occluding thrombus in the external iliac and right common femoral arteries which required surgical repair. She subsequently developed occlusion secondary to traumatic dissection and compartment syndrome in the same extremity requiring repeat surgical intervention. Conclusion In managing patients with blunt force trauma to the abdomen from handlebars, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for vascular injuries even with low-risk mechanism of injury and superficial injuries noted on exam. Their assessment should include immediate examination of bilateral peripheral pulses of the lower extremities to evaluate for clinical findings associated with acute lower limb ischemia as well as bedside Doppler exams and early consideration of CTA to assess for occult vascular injury.
Association between placental toxic metal exposure and NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS) profiles in the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS).

Abstract Background Prenatal exposure to heavy metals has been linked to a variety of adverse outcomes in newborn health and later life. Toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) have been implicated to negatively affect newborn neurobehavior. Placental levels of these metals may provide additional understandings on the link between prenatal toxic metal exposures and neurobehavioral performances in newborns. Objective To evaluate associations between placental concentrations of toxic metals and newborn neurobehavioral performance indicated through the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS) latent profiles. Method In the Rhode Island Child Health Study cohort (n = 625), newborn neurobehavioral performance was assessed with NNNS, and a latent profile analysis was used to define five discrete neurobehavioral profiles based on summary scales. Using multinomial logistic regression, we determined whether increased levels of placental toxic metals Cd, Mn and Pb associated with newborns assigned to the profile demonstrating atypical neurobehavioral performances. Results Every doubling in placenta Cd concentration was associated with increased odds of newborns belonging to the atypical neurobehavior profile (OR: 2.72, 95% CI [1.09, 6.79]). Detectable placental Pb also demonstrated an increased odds of newborns assignment to the atypical profile (OR: 3.71, 95% CI [0.97, 13.96]) compared to being in the typical neurobehavioral profile. Conclusions Toxic metals Cd and Pb measured in placental tissue may adversely impact newborn neurobehavior. Utilizing the placenta as a prenatal toxic metal exposure biomarker is useful in elucidating the associated impacts of toxic metals on newborn health.
A child with chronic granulomatous disease

A four-year-old African-American female with a history of asthma, a Staphylococcus aureus skin abscess, and two prolonged pneumonia episodes presented with a one-week history of productive cough, fever, and night sweats. Chest computed tomography revealed right lung consolidation, cavitation within the right azygoesophageal recess, and an enlarged paratracheal lymph node, and biopsy of the lymph node showed granulomas. Lung tissue culture grew Burkholderia cepacia. A nitroblue tetrazolium test indicated a diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). CGD is a rare primary immunodeficiency in which there is a functional defect in one of the genes encoding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, which leads to impaired killing of catalase-producing bacteria and fungi within the phagolysosome. CGD presents most commonly as re- current and prolonged pulmonary infections, but may also include repeated episodes of lymphadenitis, cutaneous infections, hepatic abscesses, and osteomyelitis. Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly isolated organism, but infection with certain other bacteria such as Burkholderia cepacia is highly suggestive of CGD.
Millennial Generation Perceptions of Value-Centered Leadership Principles

The purpose of this study was to identify Millennial generation hospitality students perceptions of value-centered leadership principles for the purpose of better aligning future leader expectations with hospitality industry workforce realties. Data for this study were collected through survey instrumentation administered to a purposeful sample of Millennials in the Northeast-Midwest regions of the United States (n = 276). Findings indicated Millennials value leaders that are more orientated toward people rather than task and organizational mission. In terms of value-centered leadership competencies, findings indicated Millennials place a higher degree of importance on value-centered leaders that are inclusive, collaborative and committed. These findings offer hospitality industry leaders new insight into the importance of aligning workplace human resource practices with Millennial generation perceptions of value-centered leadership constructs.
Allocentric and Egocentric Spatial Representations: Definitions, Distinctions, and Interconnections

Although the literatures on human spatial cognition and animal navigation often make distinctions between egocentric and allocentric (also called exocentric or geocentric) representations, the terms have not generally been well defined. This chapter begins by making formal distinctions between three kinds of representations: allocentric locational, egocentric locational, and allocentric heading representations. These distinctions are made in the context of whole-body navigation (as contrasted, e.g., with manipulation). They are made on the basis of primitive parameters specified by each representation, and the representational distinctions are further supported by work on brain mechanisms used for animal navigation. From the assumptions about primitives, further inferences are made as to the kind of information each representation potentially makes available. Empirical studies of how well people compute primitive and derived spatial parameters are briefly reviewed. Finally, the chapter addresses what representations humans may use for processing spatial information during physical and imagined movement, and work on imagined updating of spatial position is used to constrain the connectivity among representations.
Irvine, Sidney H

Sidney H. Irvine is professor emeritus at the University of Plymouth in the United Kingdom. Born September 26, 1931 in Aberdeen, Scotland, he completed M.A. and M.Ed. degrees at the University of Aberdeen before going to Birkbeck College of the University of London, where he completed the Ph.D. under the direction of Alec Rodger. In 1967 he was U.S. Public Health Service Visiting Scholar at the Educational Testing Service, and spent 11 years working in Canadian universities before returning to the United Kingdom in 1979, when he was appointed professor of differential psychology at the University of Plymouth. Keywords: cross-cultural psychology; measurement in psychology; testing in psychology
Targeted Degradation of Proteins by PROTACs

In recent years, small interference RNAs (siRNAs) have greatly enhanced our understanding of protein functions by allowing knockdown of targeted proteins at the mRNA level. Similarly, in an effort to achieve degradation of targeted proteins at the post-translational level, chimeric small molecules called "PROTACs" (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeric molecules) have been developed. The PROTAC approach utilizes chimeric small molecules which recruit targeted proteins to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, a major intracellular protein degradation system. Unlike conventional small molecules that bind to protein and inhibit its function, the PROTAC approach induces destruction of target protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This article presents a typical strategy for PROTAC design and preparation and biological characterization. Curr. Protoc. Chem Biol. 2:71-87. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An empirical study of file systems on NVM

Emerging byte-addressable, non-volatile memory like phase-change memory, STT-MRAM, etc. brings persistence at latencies within an order of magnitude of DRAM, thereby motivating their inclusion on the memory bus. According to some recent work on NVM, traditional file systems are ineffective and sub-optimal in accessing data from this low latency media. However, there exists no systematic performance study across different file systems and their various configurations validating this point. In this work, we evaluate the performance of various legacy Linux file systems under various real world workloads on non-volatile memory (NVM) simulated using ramdisk and compare it against NVM optimized file system — PMFS. Our results show that while the default file system configurations are mostly sub-optimal for NVM, these legacy file systems can be tuned using mount and format options to achieve performance that is comparable to NVM-aware file system such as PMFS. Our experiments show that the performance difference between PMFS and ext2/ext3 with execute-in-place (XIP) option is around 5% for many workloads (TPCC and YCSB). Furthermore, based on the learning from our performance study, we present few key file system features such as in-place update layout with XIP, and parallel metadata and data allocations, etc. that could be leveraged by file system designers to improve performance of both legacy and new file systems for NVM.
Role of smart meters in smart grid

Smart Grid is a very comprehensive subject which includes the complete energy business line from Generation to Transmission & Distribution to End-Users. The focus of this paper is on the aspects towards the end of this chain, namely smart meters and energy efficiency. Through this paper we will highlight the tangible benefits of Smart Metering and Energy Auditing, outlining the initiative Saudi Aramco is working on to install Smart Meters across all its houses and buildings.
Introduction to Using a Computer System

The aims of this chapter are to introduce some of the fundamentals of using a computer system including: Files. Editors. Systems access and networking.
Balancing regulation and affordability of housing

Housing regulation is a growing concern because affordability of housing has been declining and regulations which increase housing costs have been escalating. Many of the regulations which have been adopted fulfill goals of protection of health, safety, or welfare; preservation of the environment; or improved energy conservation. Little attention, however, has been paid to the effect of these regulations on affordability. This article reviews the role of government regulation on housing, and discusses the parameters of the affordability/regulatory issue.
Folding of staphylococcal nuclease: Kinetic studies of two processes in acid renaturation

Abstract The folding of acidified staphylococcal nuclease, upon neutralization, was studied in a stopped-flow spectrofluorometer by measuring the increase in tryptophanyl fluorescence during renaturation. At 25 °C and 0.1 ionic strength, the fluorescence change may be described by two first-order rate processes with half-times of 55 and 350 msec. No significant change in either rate was effected on varying the initial pH from 3.2 to 3.8 (corresponding to 0 to 50% levels of folding) or the initial ionic strength from 0.001 to 0.1. In contrast, the over-all rate of folding is dependent upon temperature. The half-time of the slower rate process decreases from 600 msec at 13 °C to 150 msec at 38 °C; the half-time of the faster rate process does not change significantly over this temperature range. These results suggest that the two processes may correspond to a sequence involving nucleation of ordered structure followed by the formation of hydrophobic interactions. Possible structural correlates of these processes are discussed with respect to the crystallographic model of this protein.
Numerical calculations of plane oscillatory non-uniform flow. II. Parametric study of pressure gradient and frequency with square wall obstacles.

Abstract In a previous paper (Cheng et al., 1972), numerical computational techniques for obtaining unsteady, nonuniform, viscous, plane conduit flows were developed and results for a single combination of the two governing dimensionless parameters were presented for a symmetrical square wall hump and a pure oscillatory forcing function. In this paper, these results are extended to cover a range in frequencies of oscillation covering those physiologically relevant and a range in the pressure gradient parameter which covers a sizable portion of the physiological range. The velocity fields and accompanying vortex development and shedding are described both qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative descriptions of such important occurrences as pressure and shear stress variations and energy loss factors are presented. The quantity most likely to be related to blood cell damage—the maximum shear stress—reached peak values at the sharp angularity of the square hump on the upstream side at times associated with those of peak oscillatory flow; this stress decreased with an increase in frequency and increased with an increase in pressure gradient.
Breakdown of spatial inversion symmetry in core-level photoemission of Pt(001)

We have measured the spin polarization of the $4d$ and $4f$ core-level photoelectrons from Pt(001) by using unpolarized laboratory x-ray sources under a highly bulk sensitive condition. The $4d$ and $4f$ photoelectrons are highly spin polarized perpendicular to the reaction plane as defined by the incident photons and the outgoing electrons. The measured spin polarization and a close look at the core-level photoemission process demonstrate that the bulk core-level photoemission with unpolarized light contributes to the measured spin polarization. This result is in contrast to the valence band photoemission from nonmagnetic solids, wherein the bulk cannot contribute to the measured spin polarization due to the existence of spatial inversion symmetry. Thus, the argument based on spatial inversion symmetry does not apply to the core-level photoemission. The measured spin polarization is in good agreement with an atomic model.
City police and drunk driving: Baseline data

Public attitudes, social movement organizations, and criminal justice laws regarding drunk driving have undergone significant changes in recent years. These changes raise important questions about police, who act as gatekeepers for the rest of the criminal justice system. Very little, however, is known about what police did in the years when drunk driving was viewed as a less serious social problem or about what police do now. I attempt to answer the first of these questions using data collected in the early 1970s, an important, largely unexamined period in the history of city police and drunk driving. The data provide a baseline for contemporary research. City police did not give contacts with drunk drivers a high priority, preferred to avoid these encounters, and made arrests on the basis of both legal and extralegal factors; extralegal factors were more important than legal factors. I examine the implications of the baseline data for contemporary policing.
HEPATITIS C VIRUS QUASISPECIES IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HIV-1: CORRELATION WITH EXTRAHEPATIC VIRAL REPLICATION

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) sequences recovered from serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and various tissues from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) positive patients were compared by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing. In five patients, paired serum and PBMCs samples were analyzed while in two other patients multiple autopsy tissues were studied. Sequences amplified from the NS5 and E2 regions were consistently identical in the same patient; however, three PBMCs samples and three different tissue samples (pancreas and adrenal gland in one patient and lymph node in the other patient) contained 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) sequences that were different from circulating sequences. The presence of 5' UTR sequences differing from circulating sequences correlated with the presence of HCV RNA negative strand, as the latter was detected by a Tth-based strand-specific assay in all but one of these samples. These two independent lines of evidence: viral sequence differences and the presence of RNA negative strand in the same tissues strongly argue for the genuine presence of extrahepatic HCV replication, at least in the setting of HIV-1 infection.
Studies on oxidative photodegradation of epoxy resins by IR-ATR spectroscopy

This article describes studies on oxidative-photodegradation of cured Epolite epoxy resin using techniques of IR spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance optics and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the oxidative-photodegradation of this epoxy system is characterized by the formation and subsequent decomposition of carbonyl groups and by epoxy ring opening. The carbonyl bonds are apparently formed in the initial stage of photodegradation and then decomposed upon further aging. Changes in the surface morphology of the samples during degradation suggest that there is significant scissioning of the cross-linked polymer structure. This phenomenon was reproduced using three different UV lamps that differed in spectral properties. Our studies provide clues to the mechanism of epoxy polymer degradation by solar light. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Esophageal Leiomyoma First Seen as a Superior Mediastinal Mass

• Leiomyoma of the esophagus is only rarely the cause of an asymptomatic superior mediastinal mass. This case is presented to remind physicians of this entity and to focus attention on its diagnosis and treatment. ( Arch Surg 115:94, 1980)
Characteristics of Microorganisms Associated With Hot-Packaged, Washed and Immersion Chilled Broilers

Abstract The shelf life and microbial characteristics of cut-up hot-packaged, washed and immersion chilled broilers were investigated. Hot-packaging of broilers resulted in a 5 to 7 day increase in shelf life as compared to those which had been immersion chilled. Washed parts had an intermediate shelf life between the other two treatments. Physiological and biochemical characteristics of the microflora from fresh parts showed that the incidence of microbial groups was different among treatments. Alcaligenes and Acbromobacter were the predominant psychrotrophs on immersion chilled poultry; while Staphylococcus and Alcaligenes were the predominant psychrotrophs on the fresh hot-packaged parts. The development pattern of the spoilage-type microorganisms was similar in the hot-packaged, washed and the immersion chilled broiler parts. Pseudomonas followed by Enterobacter were the major two genera isolated from spoiled poultry meat.
Property Items and Predication in Sranan

This paper revisits the long-standing controversy over whether so-called predicate adjectives like bigi 'big', bradi 'wide', etc. in Sranan (and other creoles) are truly adjectives or a subclass of verb. Using a variety of diagnostics, it concludes that such items are in fact verbal in their predicative function. Moreover, it argues that such items are best referred to as "property items" which display flexible categoriality, behaving like intransitive as well as transitive verbs, and also as adjectives which can either modify nouns or head adjectival phrases of degree. So-called predicate adjective structures in Sranan fall into two categories — those where property items function as intransitive verbs, and those involving predicate phrases in which the copula de precedes either adjectival phrases of degree or true adjectives, including those derived via reduplication from property items and others imported from Dutch. These conclusions apply more specifically to the variety of Sranan spoken as a native language by the majority of the African-descended population of Suriname. Another dialect of Sranan, associated primarily with non-native speakers, appears to treat property items in their predicative function as adjectives rather than verbs.
F-18 FDG PET/CT findings in postradiation pelvic insufficiency fracture

We retrospectively identified eight patients who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT and had diagnostic findings of postradiation pelvic insufficiency fracture. The fractures had a median SUVmax of 2.5 (range, 1.6 to 6.0) and were initially interpreted as possible metastases in six patients. A new bone lesion developing in the sacrum, pubic ramus, or acetabulum after radiation for pelvic malignancy is likely to be a postradiation pelvic insufficiency fracture, even if associated with increased FDG uptake at PET.
Residual surface strains in cyclically deformed aluminum and gold

Abstract Residual strains associated with slip line sites on the surface of cyclically deformed Al and Au have been observed by transmission electron microscopy. The diffraction images associated with the strains extend ~ 400 A below the slipped surface. It is argued that these strains exist primarily as a result of the incomplete relaxation of the crystal lattice around dislocations which have moved out of the surface during deformation. Evidence is presented to show that surface tension forces limit the degree of relaxation in gold.
Synthetic fluid inclusions. V. Solubility relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O under vapor-saturated conditions

Vapor-saturated solubility relationships in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O have been determined by experimentally synthesizing fluid inclusions in quartz in the presence of known brine compositions and then measuring the dissolution temperatures of halite and/or sylvite daughter crystals within the inclusions using a microscope equipped with a heating stage. These data, along with other literature values have been used in a stepwise multiple regression routine to generate a series of equations describing vapor-saturated solubility relations within the halite, sylvite and hydrohalite stability fields. These equations, together with a recently published equation for the ice stability field (Hallet al., 1987), have been used to construct the complete vapor-saturated solubility surface in the NaCl-KCl-H2O ternary system. The diagram may be used in the interpretation of microthermometric data to determine the compositions of fluid inclusions approximated by the NaCl-KCl-H2O system. For the NaCl-H2O binary system, the ternary halite field expression reduces to Wt.% NaCl = 26.242 + 0.4928Ψ + 1.42Ψ2 − 0.223Ψ3 + 0.04129Ψ4 + 0.006295Ψ5− 0.001967Ψ6 + 0.0001112Ψ7 (Ψ = T°C/100, where 0.1° ≤T°C ≤801°C) which describes halite solubilities along the three-phase halite + liquid + vapor (H + L + V) curve. Similarly, sylvite solubilities along the three-phase sylvite + liquid + vapor (S + L + V) curve are described by the equation Wt.% KC1 = 21.886 + 20.28Ψ - 9.603Ψ2 + 4.078Ψ3 - 0.8724Ψ4 + 0.09174Ψ5 − 0.003776Ψ6 (Ψ= T°C/100, where −10.7° ≤ T°C ≤ 770°C). Solubility data obtained from synthetic fluid inclusions are in good agreement with recently published data for the KC1-H2O and NaCl-H2O binary systems but are at variance with some earlier works.
The Effects of Tariff Removals on the North American Lumber Trade

Under the North American Free Trade Agreement, the United States, Canada and Mexico are to remove all tariffs on softwood lumber. This paper examines the impact of loosening various present lumber trade restrictions on softwood lumber flows, prices and general economic welfare of these three countries. Some possible scenarios ranging from complete removal of tariffs on lumber trade throughout North America to a significant protection in this sector are examined. Using a spatial equilibrium model, we simulate various scenarios and quantify the effects of different levels of protection on lumber shipments and economic welfare in different geographical regions. According to our results, while lumber shipment will be affected significantly by trade liberalization, the overall of welfare will not change appreciably. L'ALENA engage les Etats-Unis, le Canada et le Mexique aeliminer tous les tarifs douaniers sur le bois d'oeuvre (bois tendre). Dans cet article nous examinons les consequences eventuelles d'un relâchement des diverses restrictions actuelles au commerce du bois d'oeuvre sur le flux des echanges et sur le prix du bois, ainsi que sur la situation de bien-etre generale dans ces trois pays. Quelques scenarios sont considera, allant de l'abolition complete des tarifs sur ces denrees a la grandeur de l'Amerique du Nord au maintien d 'un niveau significatif de protection de ces secteurs. Au moyen d 'un modele d'equilibre spatial nous simulons divers scenarios et nous quantifions les effets de differents niveaux de protection sur les echanges de bois d'oeuvre, ainsi que la situation economique dans les diverses regions geographiques du sous-continent. Il ressort de notre examen que meme si les echanges de bois d'oeuvre seront touches significativement par la liberalisation du commerce, la situation economique generate, c'est-a-dire le niveau de bien-etre, ne changera pas beaucoup.
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the mandible

Abstract Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor which was first described in 1959 by Lichtenstein and Bernstein. Since its description, fewer than 100 cases have been reported in the literature. The case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the mandible described in this article is presented because of the rarity of this neoplasm and its grave prognosis. A radiograph taken approximately 1 1 2 years prior to diagnosis, showing the lesion as an inconspicuous radiolucency around the roots of a mandibular first permanent molar, is also presented.
Song Recognition among Preschool-Age Children: An Investigation of Words and Music

We sought to discover whether listening to songs over an expanded period of time would contribute to a greater integration of wards and music in memory among preschool children (3-5 years old). The...
Statistical evaluation of the role of Helicobacter pylori in stress gastritis: Applications of splines and bootstrapping to the logistic model

Stress gastritis is a serious problem in the intensive care unit population. The recent discovery of the causal nature of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the development of gastric ulcers led us to examine its relationship with stress gastritis. We investigated this relationship in 874 veterans admitted to intensive care units who were tested for the presence of H. pylori and followed for 6 weeks for the development of stress gastritis. We fit spline models to assess functional relationships and used the logistic model to determine the association between H. pylori and stress gastritis. The predictive ability of the model was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and validated with the bootstrapping technique. Increased anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin A concentrations were found to be an important predictor of stress gastritis independent of other known risk factors.
A Computational Model of the Cat Medial Geniculate Body Ventral Division

The medial geniculate body of the thalamus receives input from a variety of sources, both auditory and non-auditory. The ventral division (MGv), however, appears to be a purely auditory center, that is, it receives from lower (and higher) centers which are primarily involved in encoding auditory stimuli. It has some of the characteristics of auditory cortex, e.g., layering of neurons and EE/EI bands, but has a much simpler architecture. The MGv plays a central role in analysing auditory stimuli. A wealth of data is available now on its anatomy, connectivity and responses. A detailed computational model of the ventral division of the cat medial geniculate body has been constructed. This model is being compared to physiological recordings for validation purposes, and should prove a useful tool for testing theories of auditory sensory representation and functioning.
Incorporation of chromium-tanned leather residue to asphalt micro-surface layer

Abstract A study on the incorporation of chromium-tanned leather residue to the cold asphalt micro-surface layer was performed using the dry mix process. Laboratory designs for asphalt micro-surface were performed according to the methods specified by NBR (National Brazilian Standards), with additions of 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% residue without adding fiber to the asphalt mass. According to the technical work specification DNER-ES 389/1999, the MRA was experimentally applied to a 320-m stretch of Helio M. Salles Highway (215 km) in the town of Sao Sebastiao da Grama – in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The results showed that the incorporation of 0.3% of leather sawdust increased the engineering properties of asphalt mixtures and minimized the cracking of pavement surface layer due to the fiber incorporation in the asphalt micro-surface.
When Will The Biology of Aging Become Useful? Future Landmarks in Biomedical Gerontology

Where should we look to find the causes of and cure for aging? This essay considers a number of scientific discoveries, not yet made, that might dramatically increase the proportion of biogerontologists doing useful work. I will consider, in turn, problems and prospects in the areas of comparative biology, mammalian and invertebrate genetics, biomarker research, caloric restriction, and clonal senescence and then conclude with a discussion of potential links between aging and late life disease.
Identifying Error in AUV Communication

Mine countermeasures (MCM) involving autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are especially susceptible to error, given the constraints on underwater acoustic communication and the inconstancy of the underwater communication channel. Little work has been done to systematize error identification and response in AUV communication. We introduce a systematic approach involving design failure mode and effects analysis (DFMEA) that is adapted to the complex character of communication between autonomous agents.
Interval and Point Estimators for the Location Parameter of the Three-Parameter Lognormal Distribution

The three-parameter lognormal distribution is the extension of the two-parameter lognormal distribution to meet the need of the biological, sociological, and other fields. Numerous research papers have been published for the parameter estimation problems for the lognormal distributions. The inclusion of the location parameter brings in some technical difficulties for the parameter estimation problems, especially for the interval estimation. This paper proposes a method for constructing exact confidence intervals and exact upper confidence limits for the location parameter of the three-parameter lognormal distribution. The point estimation problem is discussed as well. The performance of the point estimator is compared with the maximum likelihood estimator, which is widely used in practice. Simulation result shows that the proposed method is less biased in estimating the location parameter. The large sample size case is discussed in the paper.
Cyberhugs: creating a voice for chronic pain sufferers through technology.

Abstract Chronic pain is a pervasive and expensive public health problem affecting roughly one-third of the American population. The inability of language to accurately convey pain expressions combined with the social stigmas associated with discussing pain persuade many sufferers to remain silent about their pain. Gender politics and fear of professional repercussions further encourage silence. This article explores the need for a safe and secure place for chronic pain sufferers to talk of their pain experiences. The extent to which digital communication technology can fulfill this need is examined. This descriptive study examines the use of one online chronic pain management workshop for its ability to create an engaged community of choice. Workshop admittance was based on participants having a qualifying chronic pain condition. A thematic discourse analysis is conducted of all entries chronic pain participants posted. In addition to goal setting, participants discuss the ways in which pain affects them...
Expectation and strategy in a nonlinear world

The ‘new sciences of complexity’, as they approach maturity, afford promising resources for policy and decision making. They also demand changes in the way we approach prediction and control. I spell out some of the consequences through a contrast of potential new conceptualizations with well entrenched ‘classical’ conceptions from Popper and Sociocybernetics.
Empirical relationship between macroeconomic volatility and stock returns: Evidence from Latin American markets

Abstract Emerging market stock returns have been characterized as having higher volatility than returns in the more developed markets. But previous studies give little attention to the fundamentals driving the reported levels of volatility. This paper investigates whether dynamics in key macroeconomic indicators like exchange rates, interest rates, industrial production and money supply in four Latin American countries significantly explain market returns. The MSCI world index and the U.S. 3-month T-bill yield are also included to proxy the effects of global variables. Using a six-variable vector autoregressive (VAR) model, the study finds that the global factors are consistently significant in explaining returns in all the markets. The country variables are found to impact the markets at varying significance and magnitudes. These findings may have important implications for decision-making by investors and national policymakers.
Micromachined Piezoelectric Accelerometers via Epitaxial Silicon Cantilevers and Bulk Silicon Proof Masses

Deep reactive ion etch (DRIE) processes are performed on both sides of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer to realize piezoelectric accelerometers consisting of 20- μm-thick epitaxial silicon cantilevers with bulk silicon masses at the tip. Sol-gel deposition of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) is used to realize an 800-nm-thick film on the top surface of the beams. Prior to accelerometer characterization, a system identification procedure based on laser Doppler vibrometry is performed, providing a complete description of the devices and predicted sensitivities. Frequency response measurements confirm device sensitivities in the 3.4-50 pC/g range in the flat-band (depending on device geometry), and resonance frequencies in the 60-Hz-1.5-kHz range. The self-noise for the longest beam of 8.5 mm is measured as 1.7 μg/√{Hz} at 30 Hz and is limited by dielectric loss of the PZT film which is estimated to have a tanδ of 0.02. Scaling relationships for this particular device geometry are presented to provide insight into possible future design directions.
Injury and Depression: The Mediating Effects of Self-Concept

This study further specifies the relationship between injury, self-conceptions, and depression. With the use of path analysis, we look at the direct and indirect effects of pain and work limitation associated with a job-related injury on self-efficacy, self-esteem and depression for a sample of injured workers (N = 1,037). As expected, we found that self-efficacy and self-esteem are negatively associated with depression, while work limitation and pain are positively associated with depression. We also found that work limitation has additional indirect effects on depression through its effect on self-efficacy and self-esteem. Pain has an additional indirect effect on depression via its effect on self-efficacy and work limitation. These findings support our expectation that self-concept significantly mediates the relationship between physical injury and depression.
Abandoning the transactions-based accounting model: Weighing the evidence

Abstract I develop a benchmark for evaluating whether fair values disclosed by banks differ from investors' estimates of the market value of financial assets and liabilities. Using this benchmark, I conclude that the hypothesis that disclosed fair values closely approximate investors' estimates should be rejected. I present evidence suggesting that the procedure used in establishing fair values results in an understatement of the value of financial assets an an overstatement of liabilities. I also conclude that the reaction of bank stocks to the adoption of SFAS 105, 107, and 115 is more consistent with regulatory concerns and not with potential adverse effects of those statements for contracting.
Interaction of diet and drugs in the regulation of brain 5-hydroxyindoles and the response to painful electric shock

Abstract The long-term consumption of a tryptophan-poor, corn diet by rats decreases electroshock response thresholds. This hyperalgesia appears to be related directly to diet-induced reductions in the brain concentrations of the putative neurotransmitter, serotinin. Rehabilitating corn-fed animals by feeding them the corn diets supplemented with tryptophan restores brain serotonin and pain thresholds to normal; similarly, injecting the tryptophan-deficient, corn-fed animals with fluoxetine, a drug that blocks the uptake of serotonin into brain neurons, also restores the electroshock response thresholds to control levels. The tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, p -chlorophenylalanine, increases the hyperalgesia to electroshock in corn-fed rats and further reduces brain serotonin concentrations. Injection of the amino acid valine, on the other hand, produces hyperalgesia and decreases brain serotonin in casein-fed rats but not in animals fed the corn diet. These data lend support to the hypothesis that serotonin neurons may mediate the sensitivity or reactivity to painful stimuli.