cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Being present and enjoying it: Dispositional mindfulness and savoring the moment are distinct, interactive predictors of positive emotions and psychological health.

Mindfulness and savoring the moment both involve presently occurring experiences. However, these scientific constructs are distinct and may play complementary roles when predicting day-to-day positive emotions. Therefore, we examined the unique and interactive roles of dispositional mindfulness and perceived ability to savor the moment for predicting daily positive emotions as well as related psychological health benefits. Participants completed a 9-week longitudinal field study. At baseline, dispositional mindfulness and perceived ability to savor the moment were assessed, along with three indicators of psychological health: depressive symptoms, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction. Each day for the subsequent 9 weeks, participants reported on their emotions. At the end of the study, participants again completed the three psychological health measures. Results showed that baseline dispositional mindfulness and perceived ability to savor the moment interacted to predict mean positive emotion levels over the reporting period and, in turn, residualized changes in psychological health. Specifically, the relation between perceived ability to savor the moment and positive emotions and, in turn, residualized change in psychological health indicators was amplified at greater levels of mindfulness and fell to non-significance at lower levels of mindfulness. Dispositional mindfulness only predicted positive emotions and, in turn, residualized changes in psychological health, for those very high in perceived ability to savor the moment. This research provides preliminary evidence that dispositional mindfulness and perceived ability to savor the moment, though related constructs, may serve unique and synergistic roles in predicting benefits for and through positive emotions.
Community-Partnered Research With Urban School Districts That Serve Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Abstract Objective To illustrate the process of community-partnered participatory research to develop and evaluate interventions for children with autism in urban school districts. Methods We formed partnerships of school personnel, parents, and researchers to guide the project. We then conducted focus groups, key informant interviews, and town halls to explore how public schools currently serve students with autism. We used findings from these activities to adapt interventions for public schools. We then tested interventions in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Results Community input indicated a particular need for interventions to improve children's social interaction and instructional supports to promote their success throughout the day. On the basis of this input, we adapted 2 interventions: Remaking Recess for improving peer engagement during social times; and Schedules, Tools, and Activities for Transition (STAT) for facilitating successful transitions between activities throughout the daily routine. Results of the RCT of Remaking Recess are not yet available. The RCT of STAT involved 150 children and 56 teachers. Teachers reported high buy-in and increased their proficiency at implementing STAT; children with ASD reduced their disruptive behavior and made progress toward teacher-nominated goals. However, teachers' implementation remained inconsistent, and children did not reliably improve in academic engagement or independence. Conclusions The findings suggest that although community-partnered participatory research has limitations, it can assist in selecting interventions to address community priorities and produce some favorable outcomes for children with autism in public schools. An important next step is to evaluate the sustainability of the interventions introduced in this project.
Older Suicide Decedents: Intent Disclosure, Mental and Physical Health, and Suicide Means

Introduction This study examined: (1) associations of suicide intent disclosure with depressed mood and health problems; (2) age-group differences in those associations; and (3) relationship between disclosure and suicide means among suicide decedents aged ≥50 years (N=46,857). Methods Data came from the National Violent Death Reporting Systems, 2005–2014. Data analysis was conducted in 2017. Chi-square tests were used to compare disclosers and nondisclosers on sociodemographic and precipitating factors and suicide means. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the research questions. Results The overall disclosure rate was 23.4%. Logistic regression results showed that both depressed mood (AOR=1.57, 95% CI=1.50, 1.65, p Conclusions The older the decedents were, the more likely they were to have disclosed suicidal intent, and health problems largely explained their higher odds of disclosure. Healthcare providers need better preparation to screen and aid those in need to prevent suicide. Social support system members should also be assisted in identifying warning signs and linking older adults to services.
Cost-Effective but Unaffordable and Unequal Hepatitis C Treatment in the US.

To the Editor: We read with great interest the study by Ooka et al. (1), profiling Medicaid reimbursement for oral direct antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. The finding suggests that considerable heterogeneity in the criteria for approving direct antiviral agents (DAAs) as chronic hepatitis C treatment still exists in different states. The authors (1) suggested a combination of patient and provider advocacy and further strengthening of cost-effectiveness data using the payers’ perspectives in order to narrow heterogeneity among state programs and expansion of DAAs coverage by public and private payers.
Slanted electromagnetic wave propagation through atmospheric phase turbulence using altitude-dependent structure parameter

Electromagnetic propagation through MVKS-type turbulence is examined assuming a slanted path using the Hufnagel-Valley model for the structure parameter. The propagation path consists of turbulent (Lt) and non-turbulent (LD) zones; using a split-step approach, the diffracted field characteristics for Gaussian-profile and Bessel beams are examined under varying turbulence strengths, and Lt/ Ld ratios. Cross-correlation (CC) products are computed as performance measures relative to non-turbulent recovery.
Decline of Sibbaldia procumbens (Rosaceae) on Mount Washington, White Mountains, NH, USA

abstract Sibbaldia procumbens (Rosaceae) is globally widespread in alpine and subalpine habitats of the Northern Hemisphere, where it thrives in areas of late-lying snow that persist into summer. Despite its widespread circumboreal distribution and local abundance, Sibbaldia is one of the rarest plants in New England, USA, occurring only in a single ravine on Mount Washington, New Hampshire. The New Hampshire population has evidently been declining for several decades, possibly the result of a combination of interspecific competition, over-collection, and changes in environmental conditions. We assessed historical trends, current status, and potential causes of decline of the New Hampshire population through evaluation of herbarium and historical records, field surveys, and photographic comparisons. Our research at seven New England herbaria revealed 236 plants with roots, including many large adult plants, on 65 herbarium sheets. Most of these plants were collected between 1846 and 1908, representing tro...
An Optimization Study for the Reactor Vessel Auxiliary Cooling System of a Pool Liquid-Metal Reactor

This paper reports on the effects of design parameters on the performance of the reactor vessel auxiliary cooling system (RVACS) of a pool liquid-metal reactor (LMR). These parameters include stack height, size of the airflow gap, system pressure loss, fins on the guard vessel or the baffle wall, and repeated ribs on the airflow channel walls. As a measure of performance , the peak sodium pool temperature during transient following a reactor scram from full power was used. Horizontal ribs with a 0.003-m height and a 0.015-m pitch gave the best performance, i.e., the lowest peak sodium pool temperature during the scram transient. For a 3500-MW(thermal) LMR, they gave peak hot pool and peak cladding temperatures that were 52{degrees}C lower than those obtained with a reference RVACS having smooth airflow channel walls.
Asymptotics; Stable Laws for Extremes; Tail Properties

When for a set of random variables the underlying univariate and multivariate distributions are only approximately known, they become useless even for estimating the values of the distribution function of the extremes. In some exact models, computational difficulties might arise. Both of these can be overcome in asymptotic models. The paper discusses asymptotic models with emphasis on the availability of several dependent extreme value models. For the classical model of independent and identically distributed random variables, a functional equation is deduced for the possibly asymptotic (stable) distributions of normalized extremes. The solution of the functional equation is discussed, with emphasizing the necessity of assumptions on the domain of the equation in order to obtain the classical theory of extremes. Extensions to random sample sizes, and other related characterization theorems are also mentioned.
The nurse as coach: a conceptual framework for clinical practice.

Purpose/objectives To operationalize a professional educational counseling model for nurses that derives from the client's frame of reference and adds to the client's behavioral management of the impact of cancer, including self-care skills and cognitive control. Data sources Published literature and four years of clinical experience with 84 couples in which coaching behavior was applied in home-based intervention sessions. Data synthesis Nurse coaching behavior includes six dimensions. Attending to the Story, Encircling the Experience, inviting the Work, Exploring Solutions, Anchoring the Skill, and Setting Up Success. Conclusions Nurse coaching behavior is designed to facilitate the cognitive emotional processing of the cancer experience and to add to the patient and family member's repertoire of behavioral self-care and self-management skills. Future research is needed to evaluate the processes and outcomes of nurse coaching behavior when working with patients and family members experiencing cancer. Implications for nursing practice Nurse coaching provides a practice framework that complements patient teaching and supportive therapy as a method for enhancing self-care and self-management behavior for people with cancer and their family members.
A Compiler Flyover

Before I visit a new town on business, I often use Microsoft Flight Simulator to buzz the city to get a general idea of the lay of the land. This chapter will constitute a “flyover” of compiler theory and the hands-on application of the theory.
Evaluating the patentability of engineered devices

Abstract Utility, novelty and non-obviousness are key requirements that are used in evaluating patentability. Notwithstanding the extensive patent literature and judicial case history, clear criteria for evaluating novelty and non-obviousness are yet to be developed. This paper presents an approach to the evaluation of patentability based on a representation scheme for a design library of prior art that integrates the structure, behavior and function aspects of design descriptions. The determination of the novelty and obviousness/non-obviousness of synthesized designs are then shown to be expressible in terms of the designs present in the design library. A means for quantification of non-obviousness (degree of non-obviousness) is proposed. Examples of mechanical devices are used, including those from an actual patent evaluation process, to illustrate the approach.
Effect of broader geographic sharing of donor lungs on lung transplant waitlist outcomes.

BACKGROUND The United States lung allocation system prioritizes allocation based on medical urgency and benefit but does not address a federal mandate for broader geographic organ sharing. It is unknown whether broader geographic sharing of donor lungs would improve lung transplant waitlist outcomes. METHODS A discrete event microsimulation model simulated donor lung allocation according to different geographic lung-sharing policies, including the historic local donor service area (DSA)-based policy and hypothetical policies that prioritize candidates to donors within 500-mile or 1,000-mile geographic radii. Candidate waitlist mortality, number of transplants, and 1-year survival were compared across organ allocation policies. Waitlist mortality rates were further stratified by diagnosis, Lung Allocation Score (LAS) threshold, ABO blood type, and region. RESULTS Under broader geographic lung sharing, the proportion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease transplant recipients decreased, whereas the proportion of pulmonary fibrosis recipients increased. Waitlist mortality decreased with broader geographic lung sharing with a 21.3% decrease in waitlist mortality with 500-mile lung sharing and a 31.8% decrease in waitlist mortality with 1,000-mile lung sharing. The decrease in waitlist deaths occured across all U.S. geographic regions and was greatest in candidates with pulmonary fibrosis and/or high medical urgency. CONCLUSIONS Broader geographic sharing of donor lungs could reduce waitlist mortality, particularly among pulmonary fibrosis and high-medical-urgency candidates.
Changes to gait speed and the walk ratio with rhythmic auditory cuing.

Abstract Background Step length and cadence (i.e., step frequency or steps/minute) maintain an invariant proportion across a range of walking speeds, known as the walk ratio (WR = step length/cadence). While step length is a difficult parameter to manipulate, cadence is readily modifiable using rhythmic auditory cuing (RAC; e.g., synchronizing step timing to a metronome or music tempo). Research Question The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of RAC-guided cadences on enacted cadence, step length, WR, and gait speed during overground walking. Methods Sixteen healthy young adults repeatedly crossed a GAITRite electronic walkway while attempting to synchronize step timing to RAC-guided (metronome) tempos of 80 to 140 beats per minute. Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was used to compare RAC tempos to enacted cadence. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were performed to test for the effects of RAC on cadence, step length, WR, and gait speed. Moreover, simple linear regressions were used to determine the precise stepwise relationship between RAC conditions and each variable. Results Participants successfully matched their cadence to RAC beats (MAPE Significance Gait speed appears to increase in a predictable manner when cadence is guided by RAC during overground walking irrespective of apparent changes to the WR.
Deep Learning Techniques for Gamma Ray Interaction Location Estimation in Monolithic Scintillation Crystal Detectors

Monolithic scintillation crystals have been widely studied as detectors for PET systems. In this work, we explore deep learning techniques using the information from mean detector response functions (MDRFs) as a new, potentially faster and more accurate method to estimate gamma ray interaction location in monolithic scintillation crystal detectors. Compared with searching based methods, deep learning techniques do not require recording all the MDRF information once the prediction networks are trained. This could reduce the memory cost by a factor of up to 100. We have designed four different neural networks to estimate/predict gamma ray interaction location given the MDRF data. The networks are trained with calibrated MDRFs at 252×252 locations in a 50.8×50.8 mm2 area, with each MDRF data point containing the information from 20 SiPM channels. Our first network consists of only fully connected (FC) layers, with a final regression layer that directly predicts the values for x and y location. This network is trained to eventually have a loss of 4.8 (L2 loss in units of mm2). The second network is also consisted of only FC layers, but with a final classification layer that classifies the x and y location into 252 classes. This network is trained to have a final prediction accuracy of 15%. The third network is designed as a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a final classification layer. This network is trained to have a final prediction accuracy of 20%. With the last network, we perform "sectional training" by first coarsely separating the entire crystal into 12×12 sub-areas. Then for each sub-area, we do fine training and classify the x and y location into the correct class. This network is trained to have a final prediction accuracy of 90%. We test the trained networks with a 5 slit image. The RMS prediction errors for the four networks are 2.6 mm (FC regression network), 2.2 mm (FC classification network), 2.1 mm (CNN network) and 2.0 mm ("sectional training" network). We can see that the CNN network and "sectional training" network can achieve lower prediction error. In comparison with searching based methods, deep learning based estimation methods do not need to keep record of all the MDRF information, which consists of a total of 1270080 parameters, once the networks are trained. This has reduced the memory cost by a factor of 10 – 100 depending on the network structure.
The cardiovascular system in anemia; with a note on the particular abnormalities in sickle cell anemia.

The symptoms and signs referable to the cardiovascular system that are associated with anemia are discussed, and the physiologic adjustments to anemia that take place in the cardiovascular system are considered. The capacity for adjustment when anemia develops gradually, appears to be very great. The remarkable changes found in the cardiovascular system in cases of sickle cell anemia may be the result of adjustments to severe anemia of exceptional chronicity.
6.08 – High-Trophic-Level Consumers: Elasmobranchs

Coastal elasmobranchs tend to be upper-level predators, which may exert top-down impacts on the systems they inhabit; but surprisingly little is known of their trophic ecology. In this chapter, we review the trophic interactions of coastal elasmobranchs as prey, predators, and competitors. We also explore factors that affect these relationships and elasmobranch interactions within key coastal habitats.
Therapeutic Targeting of Vasculature in the Premetastatic and Metastatic Niches Reduces Lung Metastasis

In the metastasis-targeted organs, angiogenesis is essential for the progression of dormant micrometastases to rapidly growing and clinically overt lesions. However, we observed changes suggesting angiogenic switching in the mouse lungs prior to arrival of tumor cells (i.e., in the premetastatic niche) in the models of breast carcinoma. This angiogenic switching appears to be caused by myeloid-derived suppressor cells recruited to the premetastatic lungs through complement C5a receptor 1 signaling. These myeloid cells are known to secrete several proangiogenic factors in tumors, including IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and we found upregulation of these genes in the premetastatic lungs. Blockade of C5a receptor 1 synergized with antiangiogenic Listeria monocytogenes-based vaccines to decrease the lung metastatic burden by reducing vascular density and improving antitumor immunity in the lungs. This was mediated even when growth of primary breast tumors was not affected by these treatments. This work provides initial evidence that angiogenesis contributes to the premetastatic niche in rapidly progressing cancers and that inhibiting this process through immunotherapy is beneficial for reducing or even preventing metastasis.
“Essential Tremor Plus”: A Problematic Concept: Implications for Clinical and Epidemiological Studies of Essential Tremor

Background An issue of central importance for most neurological disorders is that of case definition. In the field of neuroepidemiology, case definition informs the design, conduct, and interpretation of research studies that range from observational to interventional studies, from case-control to cohort studies, and from descriptive to analytical studies. For essential tremor (ET), one of the most common neurological disorders, the issue of case definition is particularly important. Though traditionally viewed as a monochromatic disorder, recent years have seen an expansion of the clinical phenotype. In a recently proposed consensus statement on tremor, a proposal was made to separate from ET a new tentatively and uncertainly-defined entity characterized by the presence of additional neurological signs other than action tremor. This entity would be termed "ET-plus". The aims of this invited paper are to discuss the impact of the proposed nomenclature on studies of ET neuroepidemiology. Summary The proposed term "ET-plus" is based solely on clinical features and even these are not clearly defined. It is not based on differences in underlying etiology (e.g., genes) or pathology. As such, it is not grounded in underlying biological differences. The use of the term would have numerous research implications. As detailed here, it would greatly complicate or make impossible studies of the descriptive epidemiology of ET, association studies, cohort studies, and clinical trials in ET. Key Messages: The proposed designation has the potential to be very problematic for studies of the epidemiology of tremor. This, along with this questionable validity of the proposed nomenclature, calls its use into serious question.
The Longevity-Frailty Hypothesis: Evidence from COVID-19 Death Rates in Europe

Abstract The COVID-19 death rate (deaths over population) is strikingly unevenly distributed across Europe. While the risk of death from COVID-19 increases non-linearly in age, within-age-group variation in COVID-19 death rates across countries suggests that age structure alone cannot account for observed differences in COVID-19 mortality risk. Age-related conditions that render the elderly less resistant to health shocks are non-obviously positively related to the survival environment. More favorable survival environments promote longevity and the accumulation of health frailty among the elderly while less favorable survival environments induce a mortality selection process that results in a lower amount of accumulated health frailty. To explain observed differences in COVID-19 mortality across the countries of Europe, we employ cross-national variation in pre-existing age-specific probabilities of death to identify heterogeneous survival environments and produce model-generated measures of accumulated health frailty. We find a strong positive relationship between our model-generated measures of accumulated health frailty and COVID-19 death rates (r = 0.772, p
Social functions of gossip in adolescent girl’s talk:

Research has shown that gossip plays an important role in establishing and supporting group values and behaviors. However, gossip also plays a role in the development and social construction of ide...
Topological nodal line in ZrTe 2 demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance

In this work, we report nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) combined with density functional theory studies of the transition metal dichalcogenide ${\mathrm{ZrTe}}_{2}$. The measured NMR shift anisotropy reveals a quasi-two-dimensional behavior connected to a topological nodal line close to the Fermi level. With the magnetic field perpendicular to the ${\mathrm{ZrTe}}_{2}$ layers, the measured shift can be well-fitted by a combination of enhanced diamagnetism and spin shift due to high-mobility Dirac electrons. The spin-lattice relaxation rates with external field both parallel and perpendicular to the layers at low temperatures match the expected behavior associated with extended orbital hyperfine interaction due to quasi-two-dimensional Dirac carriers. In addition, calculated band structures also show clear evidence for the existence of a nodal line in ${\mathrm{ZrTe}}_{2}$ between $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ and $A$. For intermediate temperatures, there is a sharp reduction in spin-lattice relaxation rate that can be explained as due to a reduced lifetime for these carriers, which matches the reported large change in mobility in the same temperature range. Above 200 K, the local orbital contribution starts to dominate in an orbital relaxation mechanism revealing the mixture of atomic functions.
The effect of meloxicam on neonatal dairy calves: Immunoglobulin G uptake and preweaning performance

Objectives of this study were to determine effects of meloxicam administered in 2 forms on IgG uptake, growth, and health of preweaned calves. Sixteen Holstein bulls and 14 heifers with a body weight (BW) of 44.3 ± 5.24 kg were blocked by birth date in a randomized complete block design. Calves were removed from the dam before suckling, weighed, and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) colostrum replacer (CR) at 0 h with no meloxicam (control; CON), (2) 1 mg/kg of BW of meloxicam in pill form before CR (PL), or (3) 1 mg/kg of BW of meloxicam mixed in solution with CR (SL). Calves were fed 675 g of dry matter of CR, providing a volume of 3 L and 180 g of IgG. Blood samples were collected at 0 h to analyze initial IgG and ketone concentrations, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h to analyze IgG uptake. At 24 h, calves were fed 432 g of dry matter of 24% crude protein milk replacer (MR) split in 2 feedings, and free choice starter and water until 42 d. Weekly blood samples were analyzed for glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, and ketone concentrations. Time of consumption of MR, BW, length, hip and withers height, and heart girth were recorded weekly. All calves achieved adequate transfer of immunity. Meloxicam did not affect apparent efficiency of absorption, serum total protein, or IgG uptake at 6, 18, and 24 h; however, meloxicam-treated calves had lesser IgG concentrations at 12 h (24.40 and 22.59 g/L for PL and SL, respectively) compared with CON (28.47 g/L). Meloxicam treatment did not affect BW. Calves that received PL tended to gain length at a faster rate (0.24 cm/d) than those that received SL (0.19 cm/d). Meloxicam treatment did not affect MR intake, time of consumption of MR, total dry matter intake, or feed efficiency. Meloxicam-treated calves tended to consume more starter (560.4 and 515.4 g/d for PL and SL, respectively) than those that received CON (452.6 g/d). Ketone levels tended to be greater in meloxicam-treated calves (0.15 and 0.17 mmol/L for PL and SL, respectively), suggesting improved rumen development compared with those that received CON (0.12 mmol/L). Meloxicam treatment did not affect plasma urea nitrogen . Glucose concentrations of calves that received PL (73.2 mg/dL) were less than those that received SL (83.3 mg/dL). Results of this study suggest that meloxicam given at 0 h offers positive effects on starter intake, and possibly rumen development, of preweaned dairy calves. Treatment PL, as compared with SL, offered positive results for rumen development, indicated by lower blood glucose levels.
Nevertheless, she persisted (in science research): Enhancing women students’ science research motivation and belonging through communal goals

There is no doubt that connections with other people motivate behavior; yet science is stereotyped as being lonely work devoid of communal connections. Drawing from self-regulation of motivation and goal congruity theories, we ask, does relationship-building in science foster communal perceptions that then increase women’s persistence in and motivation for science research? In a scientific context designed to simulate a “typical” setting that emphasized gender and the male-dominated nature of STEM, women and men students interacted with a male confederate [Study 1 (N = 245)] or women students interacted with a female confederate [Study 2 (N = 152)]. In both cases, the student-confederate pair completed a series of getting-to-know-you questions to foster a relationship, engaged in a boring “data transcription” task together, and completed measures of communal goal perceptions, science research motivation, and belonging. We also assessed actual persistence on and future motivation for the science task. Across both studies, women’s communal perceptions significantly predicted belonging and science research motivation. In turn, science research motivation led to significantly greater persistence and future motivation and significantly mediated the link between communal perceptions and science persistence (Study 1). Results for belonging were mixed. Study 2 results provided a conceptual replication, extending the model to same-gender peer interactions. Overall results suggest peer relationship-building exercises are one pathway to help women feel a sense of community in science education. Focusing on creative strategies to retain women students in science will enhance science innovation and contribute to a more inclusive teaching and learning environment.
Disentangling Exploration from Exploitation

A key tension in the study of experimentation revolves around the exploration of new possibilities and the exploitation of prior discoveries. Starting from Robbins (1952), a large literature in economics and statistics has married the two: Agents experiment by selecting potentially risky options and observing their resulting payoffs. This framework has been used in many applications, ranging from pricing decisions to labor market search. Nonetheless, in many applications, agents' exploration and exploitation need not be intertwined. An investor may study stocks she is not invested in, an employee may explore alternative jobs while working, etc. The current paper focuses on the consequences of disentangling exploration from exploitation. This talk will cover some insights generated from work joint with Alessandro Lizzeri (Princeton University) and Eran Shmaya (Stony Brook University). We consider the classical Poisson bandit problem that has served as the canonical model for experimentation. We fully characterize the solution when exploration and exploitation are disentangled, both for the "good news" and "bad news" settings. We illustrate the stark differences the optimal exploration policy exhibits compared to the standard setting. In particular, we show that agents optimally utilize the option to observe projects different than the ones they act on. In the good news case, the optimal policy entails the continued exploration of a singular arm-no matter how pessimistic the decision-maker becomes about that arm-until news arrives. In contrast, in the bad news, exploration can involve the use of more than a single arm, but entails at most one switch. In all settings, the separation of exploration from exploitation guarantees asymptotic efficiency. BIO: Leeat Yariv is the Uwe E. Reinhardt Professor of Economics at Princeton University. She is also the director of the Princeton Experimental Laboratory for the Social Sciences (PExL), which she opened. She is the lead editor of AEJ: Micro and has served on the editorial boards of multiple journals. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a fellow of the Econometric Society and the Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory. She is also a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and a research fellow of the Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR). Yariv's work focuses on market design, social networks, and political economy. She uses theory, lab experiments, and field studies to understand how individuals connect to one another and how they make decisions, on their own and collectively.
Brand activism change agents: strategic storytelling for impact and authenticity

Brands have recently begun to take a brand activism strategy through which they align themselves with a sociopolitical cause to increase their relevance and strengthen customer relationships. This ...
To Scan or Not to Scan: An Unnecessary Dilemma for PSMA Radioligand Therapy.

The recently presented and published results of the VISION phase III study of 177Lu-PSMA617 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer ([ 1 ][1]) are indeed one of the greatest success stories in the history of nuclear medicine ([ 2 ][2]). They add to the earlier experiences from first-in-
Abstract PO-073: Inactivation of Notch4 attenuated pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice

Expression of the Notch family of receptors are often upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), however, the functional impacts of the Notch signaling network on pancreatic tumorigenesis remain unresolved. In this study, we focused on Notch4, which had not been investigated in PDAC. Leveraging the conventional Notch4 deficient mouse line and previously established genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) for PDAC, we generated KC (LSL-KrasG12D;p48-Cre), N4−/−KC (Notch4−/−;LSL-KrasG12D;p48-Cre), PKC (p16flox/flox;LSL-KrasG12D;p48-Cre), and N4−/−PKC GEMMs (Notch4−/−; p16flox/lox;LSL-KrasG12D;p48-Cre). We performed caerulein treatment in both KC and N4−/−KC mice, and compared the development of acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) between them. The ADM/PanIN lesions were significantly smaller in the N4−/−KC than in the KC GEMM (p=0.01), suggesting that Notch4 deficiency attenuated early pancreatic tumorigenesis. This in vivo result was confirmed by in vitro ADM induction of the explant cultures of mouse pancreatic acinar cells. The number of ADM structures in the N4−/−KC acinar cultures was significantly lower than the KC acinar cultures (p Citation Format: Kiyoshi Saeki, Wanglong Qiu, Richard Friedman, Carrie Shawber, Jan Kitajewski, Jianhua Hu, Gloria H. Su. Inactivation of Notch4 attenuated pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-073.
Hierarchical Geodesic Models in Diffeomorphisms

Hierarchical linear models (HLMs) are a standard approach for analyzing data where individuals are measured repeatedly over time. However, such models are only applicable to longitudinal studies of Euclidean data. This paper develops the theory of hierarchical geodesic models (HGMs), which generalize HLMs to the manifold setting. Our proposed model quantifies longitudinal trends in shapes as a hierarchy of geodesics in the group of diffeomorphisms. First, individual-level geodesics represent the trajectory of shape changes within individuals. Second, a group-level geodesic represents the average trajectory of shape changes for the population. Our proposed HGM is applicable to longitudinal data from unbalanced designs, i.e., varying numbers of timepoints for individuals, which is typical in medical studies. We derive the solution of HGMs on diffeomorphisms to estimate individual-level geodesics, the group geodesic, and the residual diffeomorphisms. We also propose an efficient parallel algorithm that easily scales to solve HGMs on a large collection of 3D images of several individuals. Finally, we present an effective model selection procedure based on cross validation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of HGMs for longitudinal analysis of synthetically generated shapes and 3D MRI brain scans.
Applied Data Communications: A Business-Oriented Approach

From the Publisher: In this practical guide, James Goldman shows you how to do data communications, rather than just read about it. With a unique "business-first, problem-solving" approach, he uses actual company cases to spotlight real networking issues and provide a forum for applying network analysis skills.
Non-Performing Loan Resolution in the Context of China’s Transitional Economy

The proportion of non-performing loans (NPLs) constitutes an objective measure of capital adequacy for individual banks and is one of the critical indicators of a country’s economic efficiency. Beginning with the United States in the late 1980s, there has been a succession of non-performing loan crises in different countries around the world (Lindgren, Garcia, and Isaal 1996). While NPLs are found in every industry, real estate loans and other loans backed by real estate, have dominated the recovery efforts made by governments. Real estate assets often serve as collateral for the securitization of NPLs, and have been the focus of Wall Street in bringing capital to invest in NPL-backed securities.The purpose of this chapter is to examine the efforts undertaken by the Chinese government to resolve the non-performing loan problems the country has faced since the mid-1990s, and to analyze the associated impacts of this resolution process in the context of China’s rapid urbanization and transitional economic reform. To better highlight some unique characteristics of the Chinese NPL resolution process and to draw implications for the China case, the NPL experiences of two other East Asian countries that also faced severe NPL problems in the 1990s — specifically, South Korea (henceforth, Korea) and Japan — will be summarized briefly.
Research on pictures in instructional texts: The need for a broadened perspective

Considering the popularity of instructional textbooks, it is a bit surprising that few research studies have examined how pictorial illustrations affect learning from texts. This article takes a look at the research that has been done, notes its diversity of purpose, approach, and methodology, and identifies some shortcomings. The author offers some ideas for future research and suggests that the work might be undertaken by a new type of researcher, one who has traditional research skills as well as the concerns of instructional development specialists.
Differentiation of brucellae by the aid of phages.

Abstract Parnas, Jozef (Academy of Medicine, Lublin, Poland). Differentiation of brucellae by the aid of phages. J. Bacteriol. 82:319–325. 1961.—There appears to be no absolute specificity of phages for the three species of the genus Brucella. The phage test is only supplementary to biochemical and serological methods for species differentiation.
Repetitive Motion Disorders: The Design of Optimal Rate-Rest Profiles

Repetitive motion disorders of the upper extremities are the primary cause of lost time in hand-intensive industries. Typical remedies include the introduction of job aids and the redesign of the job. An alternative approach is considered here. Procedures are developed that can be used to determine the parameters of a job (e.g., the rate of work and the number and duration of the rest breaks) that minimize repetitive motion disorders and maximize productivity. It is shown that in theory the job parameters can be set so that one can achieve not only a decrease in repetitive motion disorders but also an increase in productivity. The application of the procedures to an actual manufacturing job requiring high-repetitive, high-force hand motions is discussed in detail.
Analysts and Journalists: Firm Policies and Governance Design

Existing work analyzes the relation between internal and external governance. This paper examines the interaction between analyst following and corporate governance mechanisms. This paper finds a strong substitute relationship between the information production role of analysts and the monitoring role of institutions and boards. The substitute effect extends to operating performance, investment, acquisitions, diversification, debt issuance, cash, and earnings management. Analyst coverage does not merely improve the firm’s information environment and facilitate monitoring by traditional governance mechanisms. Information production by analysts serves as a standalone alternative to corporate governance. Similar to analyst following, scrutiny by business media has a strong positive effect on performance and limits managerial discretion. Empirical tests account for possible endogeneity and analyst biases and are robust to a number of sensitivity checks.
Advances in Hormonal Contraception

Breakthroughs involving innovative methods of hormonal and nonhormonal birth control have been severely limited in the United States over the last 30 years. This trend has changed with the introduction of new choices in birth control in the 1990s. This article focuses on these advances in hormonal contraception and provides information on the use of oral contraceptives, hormonal implants, and injectable methods of contraception currently available in the United States. Each method is assessed and recommendations are made for proper patient and method selection. This information is intended to supply the pharmacist with sufficient information to appropriately counsel patients on the use of hormonal contraception in the 1990s.
Bromocriptine redirects metabolism and prevents seasonal onset of obese hyperinsulinemic state in Syrian hamsters

Bromocriptine redirects metabolism and prevents seasonal onset of the obese hyperinsulinemic state in Syrian hamsters. Metabolic and hormonal effects of bromocriptine were studied in seasonally obese female Syrian hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus. Daily injections of bromocriptine and vehicle (controls) were made at light onset (10:14-h light-dark cycle) for 10 wk. After 9 wk of treatment blood samples were taken every 4 h during a day for assays of hormones, glucose, triglyceride, and fatty acids, and after 10 wk of treatment, tests were carried out to measure insulin-stimulated glucose disposal during a hyperinsulinemic clamp, lipid mobilization (rate of glycerol appearance), protein turnover (lysine flux and deamination), and body composition (deuterium dilution). Bromocriptine reduced percent body fat by 53% and increased percent lean body mass by 8%. It also decreased triglyceride levels by 52% and plasma free fatty acid concentration during the dark-near light onset by 49% and glycerol appearance by 25%. Protein synthesis and catabolism were increased by 62 and 56%, respectively, and deamination of amino acid was decreased by 53% by bromocriptine. Bromocriptine reduced plasma concentration of insulin throughout the day, especially at light onset, by 78% without change in baseline glucose level and markedly decreased steady state plasma glucose (by 40%) during a continuous infusion of insulin and glucose. It also reduced the nocturnal plasma concentration of prolactin by 90%, cortisol by 70%, and thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine) by 50% and dramatically altered the circadian profiles of these hormones and insulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Japanese patients' preferences for receiving cancer test results while in the United States: introducing an advance directive for cancer disclosure.

Background: While disclosure of cancer is routine in the United States, it is not in Japan. The primary goals of this investigation were to describe overseas Japanese patients' preferences for participation in decisions about cancer; to delineate patients' beliefs about how physicians should make cancer disclosure decisions; and to assess patients' attitudes about a advance directive for cancer disclosure. Methods: This ethnography utilized data from participant observations, 30 interviews, and lay materials. Using the analytic technique of immersion and crystallization the data were organized around major themes and subthemes. Results: The mean age of the 30 participants was 38 years and most (n = 20) were female. While most patients expressed preferences to be told the results of cancer testing, the number who did not want to be told increased with more advanced cancer stage. Many participants believed decisions about disclosure should be influenced by a patient's personality, age, or gender, although t...
Large Wind Missile Impact Capacity of Residential and Light Commercial Buildings

Past hurricanes such as Andrew and the recent spate of hurricanes in Florida and elsewhere have shown the potential and extent of structural damage due to windborne debris during such storms. The loss of building exterior envelope and the subsequent structural damage to buildings due to such debris impact can be significant. Recent building codes have incorporated wind missile impact criteria for the roof and wall assemblies of coastal buildings. In this study, typical wall and roof assemblies for Florida residential and light commercial coastal construction were identified. In conjunction with a review of prior large wind missile testing results, assemblies that are yet to be tested were tabulated. These assemblies were tested for the Florida Building Code (FBC) large wind missile impact criteria. Based on the test results, a comprehensive list of wall and roof assemblies that passed the FBC test was developed. Also recommended were assemblies that should be avoided for the construction of residential an...
Tail asymptotics for policies favoring short jobs in a many-flows regime

Scheduling policies that prioritize short jobs have received growing attention in recent years. The class of SMART policies includes many such disciplines, e.g. Shortest-Remaining-Processing-Time (SRPT) and Preemptive-Shortest-Job-First (PSJF). In this work, we study the delay distribution of SMART policies and contrast this distribution with that of the Least-Attained-Service (LAS) policy, which indirectly favors short jobs by prioritizing jobs with the least attained service (age).We study the delay distribution (rate function) of LAS and the SMART class in a discrete-time queueing system under the many sources regime. Our analysis in this regime (large capacity and large number of flows) hinges on a novel two dimensional queue representation, which creates tie-break rules. These additional rules do not alter the policies, but greatly simplify their analysis. We demonstrate that the queue evolution of all the above policies can be described under this single two dimensional framework.We prove that all SMART policies have the same delay distribution as SRPT and illustrate the improvements SMART policies make over First-Come-First-Served (FCFS). Furthermore, we show that the delay distribution of SMART policies stochastically improves upon the delay distribution of LAS. However, the delay distribution under LAS is not too bad -- the distribution of delay under LAS for most jobs sizes still provides improvement over FCFS. Our results are complementary to prior work that studies delay-tail behavior in the large buffer regime under a single flow.
User equilibrium with recourse

The focus of this work is to develop a convex mathematical program for static user equilibrium under uncertain link states where users learn the actual state of the arc when they traverse the network and update their route choice in an online manner. The proposed model accounts for one step information where users learn the cost functional form of the links when they reach the upstream node. Two variations of information learning is considered: one where all users reaching a particular node see the same arc states, and another where different users learn different arc states. A convex mathematical programming formulation is proposed and a solution methodology based on the Frank-Wolfe algorithm is provided. Properties of the equilibrium such as existence and uniqueness are discussed. Numerical experiments are conducted on two networks: Nguyen Dupuis and Sioux Falls. Even though the focus of this paper is primarily traffic networks, the fundamental equilibrium model can be applied to other network models where commodities receive information about the state of the network as they traverse the network.