cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Guar Gel Binders for Silicon Nanoparticle Anodes: Relating Binder Rheology to Electrode Performance.

Binding agents are a critical component of Si-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we introduce a composite hydrogel binder consisting of carbon black (CB) and guar, which is chemically cross-linked with glutaraldehyde as a means to reinforce the electrode structure during lithiation and improve electronic conductivity. Dynamic rheological measurements are used to monitor the cross-linking reaction and show that rheology plays a significant role in binder performance. The cross-linking reaction occurs at a faster rate and produces stronger networks in the presence of CB, as evidenced from higher gel elastic modulus in guar + CB gels than guar gels alone. Silicon nanoparticle (SiNP) electrodes that use binders with low cross-link densities (trxn 99.8% after 300 cycles at 1-C rate. Low cross-link densities likely increase the capacity of SiNP anodes because of binder-Si hydrogen-bonding interactions that accommodate volume expansions. In addition, the cross-linked binder demonstrates the potential for self-healing, as evidenced by an increased elastic modulus after the gel was mechanically fragmented, which may preserve the electrode microstructure during lithiation and increase capacity retention. The composite hydrogel with integrated conductive additives gives promise to a new type of binder for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
Radiosurgery for Cavernous Malformations and Other Vascular Diseases

Cavernous malformations are angiographically occult vascular malformations that can form in any vascular bed in the brain. The incidence is believed to be between 0.5 and 1 % and accounts for 15 % of intracranial vascular malformations. They possess a complex natural history and can be solitary or multiple. Symptomatic cavernous malformations often present with seizures, focal neurological deficit, or hemorrhage. The natural history for a cavernous malformation that has never bled is between 0.5 and 2.5 % per year. However, once a hemorrhage has occurred, the risk per year is often greater than 30 %. When these lesions present in deep structures with hemorrhage, the risk of permanent neurological deficit implores active management. Unfortunately in these locations the risk of surgical intervention is often significant. Gamma Knife when used in a properly selected patient population with experienced personnel provides a safer treatment option capable of reducing long-term hemorrhage risk. In this chapter we review the evidence-based literature and clinical experience associated with the treatment of cavernous malformations by Gamma Knife radiosurgery. In doing so we take into account the natural history and surgical literature to provide an adequate understanding of a topic that has resulted in significant debate over the years.
Settlement-Size Larval Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) Respond to Estuarine Chemical Cues

Planktonic larvae combine directed swimming and functional sensory systems to locate benthic habitats. Some adult marine fishes use chemical cues for orientation to specific habitats, but olfactory function for estuarine fish larvae has received little research attention. This laboratory study quantified behavioral responses of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae to estuarine chemical cues to examine the role of water chemistry as an orientation cue for locating or remaining in settlement habitat. Spontaneous activity (kinesis) was measured for pre-settlement-size larvae exposed to artificial sea water (as a negative control) and one of six treatments (sterilized sea water, sea water from a channel at ebb tide, sea water from a channel at flood tide, sea water from seagrass habitat, tannic acid dissolved in sterilized sea water, or lignin dissolved in sterilized sea water). Larvae that reached a size of competency to settle (approximately 10 mm standard length) swam faster when exposed to lignin dissolved in sterilized sea water than in other treatments; smaller larvae showed no response. Olfactory preference (taxis) was tested using a paired-choice experiment. Settlement-size larvae preferred water from seagrass beds to artificial sea water. The observed chemokinesis and chemotaxis in response to lignin dissolved in sterilized sea water and sea water from a seagrass bed demonstrate that red drum larvae can distinguish and respond to different water masses and suggest that chemical stimuli from seagrass settlement habitat may aid in orientation and movement to or retention in suitable settlement sites.
Saul and Patsy Are Pregnant

A SMELL OF SPILLED GASOLINE: when Saul opened his eyes, he was still strapped in behind his lap-and-shoulder belt, but the car he sat in was upside down and in a field of some sort. The Chevy's headlights illu minated a sky of dirt, and, in the distance, a tree growing downward from that same sky. Perhaps he had awakened out of sleep into another dream. "Patsy? " he said, turning with difficulty toward his wife, strapped in on the passenger side, her hair hanging down from her scalp, but, from Saul's perspective, standing up. She was still sleeping; she was always a sound sleeper; she could sleep upside down and was doing so now. The car's radio was playing Ray Charles' "Unchain My Heart," and Saul said, "You know, I've always liked that song." His voice was thick from beer and cigarettes, and he knew from the smell of the beer that this was no dream because he had never been able to imagine concrete details like that. No: he had fallen asleep at the wheel, driven off the road, and rolled the car. Here he was now. A thought passed through him, in an unpleasant slow-motion way, that the car was tilted and that the ignition was still on; he switched it off and felt intelligent for three seconds, until the lap belt began to hurt him and he felt stupid again. No ignition, no Ray Charles. His mind, often anxiety prone, was moving slowly down a dark narrow alleyway cluttered with alcohol, fatigue, and the first onset of shock. Probably the car would blow up, and the only satisfaction his mother would receive from this accident would come years from now, when she would tell people, when they were all through reminiscing about Saul, "I told him not to drink. I told him about drinking and driving. But he never listened to me. Never." "Patsy." He reached out and gave her a little shake. "What?" "Wake up. I rolled the car. Patsy, we've got to get out of here." "Why?" "Because we have to. Patsy, we're not at home. We're in the car. And we're upside down. Come on, honey, wake up. Please. This is serious." "I am awake." She blinked, twisted her head, then looked calm. Her opal earring glittered in the light of the dashboard. The earring made Saul think of stability and a possible future life, if only he would normalize
A search for B$0\atop{S}$ oscillations at the Tevatron collider experiment D0

We present a search for B{sub S}{sup 0} oscillations using semileptonic B{sub S} {yields} D{sub s}{mu}X (D{sub S} {yields} K{sub S}{sup 0}K). The data were collected using the D0 detector from events produced in {radical}s = 1.96 TeV proton-antiproton collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron. The Tevatron is currently the only place in the world that produces B{sub S}{sup 0} mesons and will be until early 2008 when the Large Hadron Collider begins operating at CERN. One of the vital ingredients for the search for B s oscillations is the determination of the flavor of the B{sub S}{sup 0} candidate (B{sub S}{sup 0} or {bar B}{sub S}{sup 0} ) at the time of its production, called initial state flavor tagging. We develop an likelihood based initial state flavor tagger that uses objects on the side of the event opposite to the reconstructed B meson candidate. To improve the performance of this flavor tagger, we have made it multidimensional so that it takes correlations between discriminants into account. This tagging is then certified by applying it to sample of semimuonic B{sup (0,+)} decays and measuring the well-known oscillation frequency {delta}m{sub d}. We obtain {delta}m{sub d} = 0.486 {+-} 0.021 ps{sup -1}, consistentmore » with the world average. The tagging performance is characterized by the effective efficiency, {epsilon}D{sup 2} = (1.90 {+-} 0.41)%. We then turn to the search for B{sub S}{sup 0} oscillations in the above-named channel. A special two-dimensional mass fitting procedure is developed to separate kinematic reflections from signal events. Using this mass fitting procedure in an unbinned likelihood framework, we obtain a 95% C.L. of {Delta}m{sub s} > 1.10 ps{sup -1} and a sensitivity of 1.92 ps-1. This result is combined with other analyzed B{sub S}{sup 0} decay channels at D0 to obtain a combined 95% C.L. of {Delta}m{sub s} > 14.9 ps-1 and a sensitivity of 16.5 ps-1. The corresponding log likelihood scan has a preferred value of {Delta}m{sub s} = 19 ps-1 with a 90% confidence level interval of 17 < {Delta}ms < 21 ps-1, assuming Gaussian uncertainties. A comparison of the change in the likelihood between {Delta}m{sub s}s = 19 ps-1 and {Delta}m{sub s} = {infinity} yields an 8% expectation for a background fluctuation.« less
A New Market Paradigm for Sustainable Growth: Financing Broader Capital Ownership with Louis Kelso's Binary Economics

This article describes how Louis Kelso’s binary economics can be used to open the prevailing system of corporate finance to enable all people to access non-recourse corporate credit so as to enable them to acquire capital with the earnings of capital. In economies operating at less than full capacity, the broader distribution of capital acquisition will more broadly distribute earning capacity in future years and therefore provide incentives for greater and more profitable investment opportunities in earlier years. The article explains how more broadly distributed capital acquisition with the earnings of capital will lay the market foundation for greater and more sustainable employment and growth. The approach has beneficial application both for developed and developing economies. By employing ownership-broadening corporate finance techniques to finance their real capital acquisitions, crredit-worthy multinational corporations can enhance the demand for the products. By way of joint venture arrangements, developing nations can structure ownership broadening capital acquisition financing as a central component of their economic development strategy and thereby produce both steadily growing earning capacity for their economically disadvantaged citizenry and sustainable growth. Such undertakings are not without collective action problems, but these can be largely overcome with education and constructive, enabling government policy.
Linear complexity multiuser detector using joint successive interference cancellation

We present a linear complexity multiuser detector that employs a joint successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique to achieve better performance than the standard SIC detector. The key feature of joint successive interference cancellation (JSIC) is that it considers two users jointly at each stage of successive decoding. For the two-user case, the JSIC detector gives the maximum likelihood (ML) solution. Simulations also show that for higher number of users, JSIC gives consistently better performance than the standard SIC detector, both in terms of error probability of a given user and the joint error probability for K users.
Design and structural requirements of potent peptidomimetic inhibitors of p21ras farnesyltransferase.

Abstract Cysteine farnesylation of the ras oncogene product, p21ras, on its carboxyl-terminal CA1A2X box (C = cysteine, A = aliphatic, and X = methionine or serine) is required for its transforming activity. p21ras farnesyltransferase (FTase), the enzyme responsible or this important posttranslational modification can be inhibited by simple CA1A2X peptides. We have synthesized a family of CA1A2X peptidomimetics where the central 2 aliphatic amino acids are replaced by a variety of spacer groups with different shapes and conformational characteristics to investigate the structural requirements of these inhibitors. The biological activities of CA1A2X peptidomimetics, where the dipeptide "A1A2" is replaced by 3- or 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid (AMBA) and 3- or 4-aminobenzoic acid (ABA), are evaluated in a p21ras FTase inhibitory assay. Peptidomimetics Cys-4-ABA-Met and Cys-3-AMBA-Met contain spacers that provide good distance correspondence of the carboxylate and ammonium separation with that of the parent KB p21ras tetrapeptide, Cys-Val-Ile-Met, and are as potent FTase inhibitors (IC50 values of 50 and 100 nM, respectively). In contrast, replacing the central dipeptide with 4-AMBA reduced FTase inhibitory activity by 17-fold whereas replacement by 3-ABA reduces inhibitory activity of the peptidomimetics by 43-fold. Cys-4-ABA-Met (IC50 = 50 nM) is 128 times more potent as a p21ras FTase inhibitor than Cys-3-ABA-Met (IC50 = 6400 nM), yet these two peptidomimetics differ only in the substitution pattern around the phenyl ring. These results coupled with computer modeling studies demonstrate that the interaction between FTase and the peptidomimetics requires precise structural and conformational characteristics; in particular, correct positioning of the Cys and Met must be respected. Furthermore, Cys-3-AMBA-Met and Cys-4-ABA-Met are true inhibitors of p21ras FTase since they are not farnesylated by this enzyme, in contrast to Cys-Val-Ile-Met, which inhibits the enzyme by acting as alternative substrate. Computer modeling studies of the potent FTase inhibitor Cys-4-ABA-Met show that a folded conformation, where the thiol and carboxylate groups are close, is not possible. Therefore a beta-turn conformation that would result in the simultaneous coordination of the Cys-thiol and Met-carboxylate to zinc ion is not important for inhibition of p21ras FTase, as previously suggested.
Up-regulating Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor-2 Signaling Impairs Chemotactic, Wound-healing, and Morphogenetic Responses in Senescent Endothelial Cells

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) have a finite lifespan when cultured in vitro and eventually enter an irreversible growth arrest state called “cellular senescence.” It has been shown that sphingolipids may be involved in senescence; however, the molecular links involved are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the signaling and functions of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a serum-borne bioactive sphingolipid, in ECs of different in vitro ages. We observed that S1P-regulated responses are significantly inhibited and the S1P1-3 receptor subtypes are markedly increased in senescent ECs. Increased expression of S1P1 and S1P2 was also observed in the lesion regions of atherosclerotic endothelium, where senescent ECs have been identified in vivo. S1P-induced Akt and ERK1/2 activation were comparable between ECs of different in vitro ages; however, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) activity was significantly elevated and Rac activation was inhibited in senescent ECs. Rac activation and senescent-associated impairments were restored in senescent ECs by the expression of dominant-negative PTEN and by knocking down S1P2 receptors. Furthermore, the senescent-associated impairments were induced in young ECs by the expression of S1P2 to a level similar to that of in vitro senescence. These results indicate that the impairment of function in senescent ECs in culture is mediated by an increase in S1P signaling through S1P2-mediated activation of the lipid phosphatase PTEN.
Faith-Based Sex Education Programs: What They Look Like and Who Uses Them

The purpose of this study was to explore the kinds of sex education programs for youth available in mainline churches. This research project sought to identify the kinds of programs developed, the ages of the youth involved, the reasons for implementing the programs, the goals of the programs, the topics covered, and the perceived youth response to these programs as identified by youth ministers and leaders. The sample included 92 churches/synagogues with memberships over 300 that were within a 25-mile radius of our small, urban area in southeast Michigan. Findings from this study lay the groundwork for exploring whether these programs have an impact on adolescents' sexual behaviors.
Translesional pressure‐flow velocity assessment in patients: Part I

Interventional physiology presents the operator with objective data to facilitate decision making. A thorough and validated understanding of the alterations of pressure and flow in the human coronary circulation is currently in progress. As illustrated in the case studies, some situations have data which may initially appear contradictory or unhelpful to clinical practice. These data should provide a framework to understand the dynamic physiology producing the clinical syndromes in patients undergoing coronary interventional procedures. Future Interventional Physiology Rounds will examine coronary pressure-flow responses during directional atherectomy, stents, and acute myocardial infarction.
The approximation of the Maxwell eigenvalue problem using a least-squares method

In this paper we consider an approximation to the Maxwell's eigenvalue problem based on a very weak formulation of two div-curl systems with complementary boundary conditions. We formulate each of these div-curl systems as a general variational problem with different test and trial spaces, i.e., the solution space is L 2 (Ω) ≡ (L 2 (Ω)) 3 and components in the test spaces are in subspaces of H 1 (Ω), the Sobolev space of order one on the computational domain Q. A finite-element least-squares approximation to these variational problems is used as a basis for the approximation. Using the structure of the continuous eigenvalue problem, a discrete approximation to the eigenvalues is set up involving only the approximation to either of the div-curl systems. We give some theorems that guarantee the convergence of the eigenvalues to those of the continuous problem without the occurrence of spurious values. Finally, some results of numerical experiments are given.
The Effect of a Non-Equipartition of Energy on Multi-component Flows

Rapid granular flows of two species with different material densities are examined via three-dimensional, hard-sphere simulations of simple shear flow. Simulation results are compared with existing theories for binary systems based on the kinetic theory analogy. The comparison between simulation data and theoretical predictions indicate that although non-equipartition is observed and well-predicted by the theory which accounts for its effects, the influence of non-equipartition on stress predictions is fairly small. The influence of non-Maxwellian effects, however, are critical for accurate stress predictions.
The African swine fever virus g5R protein possesses mRNA decapping activity.

Abstract The African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) encodes a single Nudix enzyme in its genome, termed the g5R protein (g5Rp). Nudix phosphohydrolases cleave a variety of substrates, such as nucleotides and diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. Previously, ASFV g5Rp was shown to hydrolyze diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and GTP, but was unable to cleave methylated mRNA cap analogues. In vaccinia virus (VACV), a distant relative of ASFV, the D9 and D10 Nudix enzymes were shown to cleave the mRNA cap, but only when the cap was attached to an RNA body. Here, we show that recombinant ASFV g5Rp hydrolyzes the mRNA cap when tethered to an RNA moiety, liberating m 7 GDP as a product. Mutations in the Nudix motif abolished mRNA decapping activity, confirming that g5Rp was responsible for cap cleavage. The decapping activity of g5Rp was potently inhibited by excess uncapped RNA but not by methylated cap analogues, suggesting that substrate recognition occurs by RNA binding.
THE NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF AMNIOTIC FLUID (AF) GLUCAGON

We have identified immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) measured by “specific” radioimmunoassay, in AF collected during the first 10-20 W for genetic screening or third trimester (30-40 W) for assessment of lung maturity. AF-IRG in the third trimester 117 ± 38 pg/ml (mean ± SEM) was significantly greater than in the first 10-20 W; 43 ± 10 pg/ml (p 20000) or in the region ahead of insulin corresponding to a MW of approximately 9000. A 3-fold concentration of AF was required to demonstrate a small IRG peak corresponding to its appropriate marker (3500 MW). Addition of crystalline glucagon to AF resulted in an elution profile corresponding to its appropriate 3500 MW position. Conclusion: Amniotic fluid IRG appears to reflect increasing gestational maturation, but falls to predict neonatal glucose homeostasis. This failure may be related to the nature of amniotic fluid IRG; “pro” or “big” glucagon rather than biologically active 3500 MW material.
An overview of mesoscales distribution of ocean color in the north Atlantic

The spatial changes in phytoplankton abundance is the result of regional differences in the amount of nutrient fluxed into the euphotic zone. The energy contributing to this flux is derived from ocean currents. A close coupling between physics and biology of the system accounts for mesoscale features associated with fluid dynamics being reflected by changes in ocean color.
WHISTLES WITH A GENERIC SIDEBRANCH: PRODUCTION AND SUPPRESSION☆

Abstract The present study investigates experimentally the production and suppression of whistle noise resulting from the shear layer instabilities coupled with the acoustic resonances at the interface of two ducts, a main duct and connecting sidebranch. A generic sidebranch adapter is built to allow for mounting downstream of the throttle body in the induction system of a production engine, and the adjustment of sidebranch length. The adapter has also the provision to investigate a number of suppression methods such as: (1) ramps mounted in the main duct right upstream of the sidebranch opening; (2) a spacer to increase the distance between the throttle plate and sidebranch opening; and (3) the rotation of the throttle body from its original position. Experiments with the same hardware are conducted in both a flow laboratory and an engine dynamometer facility. The effectiveness of these suppression techniques is examined experimentally along with the correlation between the two facilities.
Exercise reverses preamyloid oligomer and prolongs survival in αB-crystallin-based desmin-related cardiomyopathy

The R120G mutation in the small heat shock-like protein αB-crystallin (CryABR120G) causes desmin-related myopathy (DRM), which is characterized by the formation of desmin- and CryAB-containing aggregates within muscle fibers. Mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of CryABR120G develop cardiomyopathy at 3 months and die at 6–7 months from heart failure (HF). Previous studies showed that overexpression of CryABR120G results in accumulation of preamyloid oligomer (PAO). PAO is considered to be the cytotoxic entity in many of the protein misfolding-based neurodegenerative diseases. On the basis of data from mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases showing that exercise or environmental enrichment reduces the amyloid oligomer level and improves cognitive ability, we hypothesized that CryABR120G-induced DRM would also respond favorably to prolonged voluntary exercise, reducing HF symptoms and rescuing the mice from premature death. Six months of voluntary exercise in CryABR120G animals resulted in 100% survival at a time when all unexercised mice had died. After 22 weeks of exercise, PAO levels were decreased by 47% compared with the unexercised CryABR120G control mice (P = 0.00001). Although CryABR120G expression led to decreased levels of the metallomembrane endopeptidase neprilysin, normal levels were maintained in the exercised CryABR120G mice, and in vitro loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments using adenovirus-infected cardiomyocytes confirmed the importance of neprilysin in ameliorating PAO accumulation. The data demonstrate that voluntary exercise slows the progression to HF in the CryABR120G DRM model and that PAO accumulation is mediated, at least in part, by decreased neprilysin activity.
Length laws for random subdivision of longest intervals

Abstract [0, 1] is partitioned by randomly splitting the longest subinterval, of length L, into two intervals of lengths LV and L(1 − V). V is independent of the past with a fixed distribution on (0, 1) If there are n subintervals and Ln is the length of a randomly chosen subinterval, then P(nLn ∈ dy) ≅ y−1P(K exp(−T0) ∈ dy) where K = E(exp(T0)) and T0 is the first renewal in a stationary renewa process constructed from V.
Class, Culture, and Pretend Play: A Reply to Sutton-Smith and Smith

Abstract It is suggested that the early studies which Sutton-Smith cites as additional support for the claim that low-income and working-class children engage in less sociodramatic and pretend play are only tangentially, if at all, related to the issue of pretend play and should, therefore, be discounted in the current dispute. High levels of physical activity are not necessarily indicative of low levels of symbolic activity. Observations in an array of settings may permit us to distinguish between children's “typical” and “best” displays of pretend behavior and determine whether there are social class differences in both symbolic competence and performance. Equally as important as further comparative, descriptive work are theoretically grounded efforts to understand pretend play, as well as other types of imaginative behavior, within the context of the instrumental competences deemed necessary for success in the child's social and cultural milieu.
Diagnostic value of bronchial aspirate and postbronchoscopic sputum in fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

The contribution of the bronchial aspirate and postbronchoscopic sputum toward the establishment of a correct diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma was evaluated. A total of 273 patients underwent diagnostic bronchoscopic procedures during a 27-month period. One hundred four of these 273 patients were eventually found to have bronchogenic carcinoma.·The combination of biopsies by forceps and brushings yielded the diagnosis in 61 (97 percent) of 63 endosconically visible tumors. Neither bronchial aspirates nor postbronchoscopic specimens of sputum produced an additional diagnosis. The same combination yielded a diagnosis in 17 (41 percent) of 41 endoscopically nonvisible tumors. In these endoscopically nonvisible tumors, unlike visible tumors, a combination of bronchial aspirates and postbronchoscopic specimens of sputum produced a total of eight additional diagnoses. Thus, the overall diagnosis of endoscopically nonvisible tumors was improved from 41 percent (17/41) to 61 percent (25/41). Both bronchial aspirates and postbronchoscopic specimens of sputum were therefore important sources of diagnosis in endoscopically nonvisible tumors.
Large Slip of Aqueous Liquid Flow over a Nanoengineered Superhydrophobic Surface

While many recent studies have confirmed the existence of liquid slip over certain solid surfaces, there has not been a deliberate effort to design and fabricate a surface that would maximize the slip under practical conditions. Here, we have engineered a nanostructured superhydrophobic surface that minimizes the liquid-solid contact area so that the liquid flows predominantly over a layer of air. Measured through a cone-and-plate rheometer system, the surface has demonstrated dramatic slip effects: a slip length of approximately 20 microm for water flow and approximately 50 microm for 30 wt % glycerin. The essential geometrical characteristics lie with the nanoposts populated on the surface: tall and slender (i.e., needlelike) profile and submicron periodicity (i.e., pitch).
Reducing Threading Dislocation Densities in SiGe Mismatched Layers by Controllingc Strainc rate and Surface Roughness

Further insight into strained layer relaxation processes have been achieved in this work. Effects of surface roughness, dislocation velocities, and dislocation nucleation have been de-coupled. In order to achieve low threading dislocation density with a high degree of relaxation, we are forced to create structures that introduce a high degree of lattice mismatch at the surface, i.e. a gradient in Ge composition in thickness. Thus, the graded layer must be introduced. However, these experiments have shed further light on the design of such structures, and we have produced relaxed layers with low threading dislocation density that are 4times less thick than their control graded composition layers
Tremor production by intracaudate injections of morphine.

Abstract Pronounced resting tremor was produced in unanesthetized cats by injecting morphine (25–110 μg) into the caudate nucleus. The effects of morphine were antagonized by intracaudate (i.c.) injections of nalorphine (81–263 μg). Tremor activity was also inhibited by i.c. injections of dopamine (61–145 μg), Ca 2+ (24–40 μg), scopolamine (88–121 μg) and hemicholinium-3 (HC-3; 73–129 μg) while serotonin (125 μg) was ineffective. Tremor inhibition by HC-3 was reversed by i.c. doses of acetylcholine (15–30 μg) which were subthreshold for tremor production in the absence of morphine. Morphine (55–110 μg) further increased the intensity of ongoing tremor activity induced by physostigmine (111 μg i.c.). I.c. injections of nalorphine antagonized the motor effects of morphine without affecting physostigmine tremor. Tremor production by morphine is attributed to a reduction in dopamine function which allows cholinergic activity in the caudate nucleus to predominate.
Syncope for the General Pediatrician

Pediatric syncope is a common complaint in the primary care, emergency department, and specialty care setting and is often unsettling to patients and providers alike as a symptom of conditions causing sudden death. In all cases, syncope should be thought of as a symptom rather than a diagnosis and explored with a thorough history and physical. Thankfully, the majority of syncope in children and adolescents is not cardiac in origin and carries no increased risk or association with sudden cardiac death. The majority of life-threatening or cardiac causes of syncope can be differentiated on the basis of history alone. Most concerning symptoms associated with cardiogenic syncope are identified at the time of presentation without extensive testing or referral to specialists. Physical examination and ancillary testing are usually of limited benefit in the initial diagnosis; however, cases with concerning symptoms or uncertainty require further investigation, typically through referral to cardiologists. The majority of pediatric syncope is caused by benign common fainting, also referred to as reflex, vasovagal, or neurocardiogenic syncope, which can and should be treated with reassurance and mild lifestyle modifications only. A minority of syncope is cardiogenic and occurs from three general mechanisms: outflow obstruction, arrhythmia, and myocardial dysfunction. Cardiac causes of syncope are potentially life-threatening and must be excluded during the evaluation. The goal of the primary care evaluation of syncope should be to discriminate common fainting, which almost never requires specialty care, from cardiogenic syncope.
Bijections for the Schroder Numbers.

(2000). Bijections for the Schroder Numbers. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 73, No. 5, pp. 369-376.
Induction of lactogenic binding sites in the liver of the Snell dwarf mouse.

Lactogenic binding sites were shown to be absent in the livers of Snell dwarf mice (dw/dw). Phenotypically normal littermates (DW/?), however, bound oPRL with an apparent affinity constant, Ka, 15 × 109M−1 and possessed quantities of binding sites equivalent to 25 and 8 fmoles per mg liver protein in females and males, respectively. Lactogenic binding sites were induced in livers of dw/dw mice upon bans plantation of intact DW/? pituitaries under the kidney capsule, induction occurring in a biphasic manner. Detectable binding sites could not be reinduced by daily single oPRL injections into dw/dw after the transplanted pituitary had been excised. Intraperitoneal injections of bGH + oPRL + thyroxine (T4) every 4 or 8 h induced detectable binding sites that were maximally detectable 8–12 h after the final injection. Injection of bGH alone every 8 h for 2 days also induced the lactogenic binding sites in an amount approaching that of the female DW/?. DW/? males exhibited a 6.5-fold or 2-fold increase in the ...
Skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction: a prospective cohort study for the treatment of advanced stages of breast carcinoma.

Recent published series demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) with immediate reconstruction for the treatment of early-stage breast carcinoma. Although several reports have retrospectively evaluated outcomes after breast reconstruction for locally advanced disease (stages IIB and III), no study has specifically considered immediate breast reconstruction after SSM for locally advanced disease. From 1996 to 1998, 67 consecutive patients with breast carcinoma underwent SSM with immediate reconstruction and were prospectively observed. From this group of patients, those with locally advanced disease (stage IIB, n=12; stage III, n=13) were analyzed separately. Tumor characteristics, adjuvant therapy, type of reconstruction, operative time, complications, hospital stay, and incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis were noted. Breast reconstruction consisted of a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (n=22) or a latissimus flap plus an implant (n=4). The median operative time was 5.5 hours; the average hospital stay was 5.2 days. Complications required reoperation in three patients (12%): partial skin flap necrosis in two and partial abdominal skin necrosis in one. Surgery on the opposite breast for symmetry was required in one patient (4%). Postoperative adjuvant therapy was not significantly delayed (median interval, 32 days). With a median length of follow-up of 49.2 months (range, 33–64 months), local recurrence was present in only one patient (4%), with successful local salvage treatment, and distant metastasis was present in four patients (16%). SSM with immediate reconstruction seems safe and effective and has a low morbidity for patients with advanced stages of breast carcinoma. Local recurrence rates and the incidence of distant metastasis are not increased compared with those of patients who have had modified radical mastectomies without reconstruction.
Accurate D0 values for SiF and SiF

Highly accurate D0 values are determined for SiF and SiF+ using the CCSD(T) approach in conjunction with basis set extrapolation. The results include the effect of spin-orbit coupling and core-valence correlation. Our best DO estimates for SiF and SiF+ are 141.5 and 159.7 kcal/mol, respectively, which we estimate to have an uncertainty of +/- 1.0 kcal/mol. For SiF, the value is significantly larger than the older experiments and only slightly larger than the most recent experiment. Our value is slightly larger than previous calculations. For SiF+ our best estimate is in good agreement with previous calculations and slightly smaller than the experimental value.
A review of latchup and electrostatic discharge (ESD) in BiCMOS RF silicon germanium technologies: Part I—ESD

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) continues to be a semiconductor quality and reliability area of interest as semiconductor components are reduced to smaller dimensions. The combination of scaling, design integration, circuit performance objectives, new applications, and the evolving system environments, ESD robustness will continue to be a technology concern. With the transition from silicon bipolar junction transistor to modern BiCMOS silicon germanium (SiGe) semiconductor technologies, new semiconductor process and integration issues have evolved which influence both device performance and ESD protection. Additionally, the issues of low cost, low power and radio frequency (RF) GHz performance objectives has lead to both revolutionary as well as derivative technologies; these have opened new doors for discovery, development and research in the area of on-chip ESD protection and design. With the growth of interest of ESD in RF technology, new innovations and inventions are occurring at a rapid pace. In this paper, we will provide an introductory review of silicon germanium technology and ESD.
The airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS)

AVIRIS is a facility consisting of a flight system, a ground data system, a calibration facility, and a full-time operations team. The facility was developed by JPL under funding from NASA. NASA also provides funding for operations and maintenance. The flight system is a whisk-broom imager that acquires data in 224 narrow, contiguous spectral bands covering the solar reflected portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is flown aboard the NASA high altitude ER-2 research aircraft. The ground data system is a facility dedicated to the processing and distribution of data acquired by AVIRIS. It operates year round at JPL. The calibration facility consists of a calibration laboratory at JPL and a suite of field instruments and procedures for performing inflight calibration of AVIRIS. A small team of engineers, technicians, and scientists supports a yearly operations schedule that includes 6 months of flight operations, 6 months of routine ground maintenance of the flight system, and year-round data processing and distribution. Details of the AVIRIS system, its performance history, and future plans are described.
Coming soon to a Wal-Mart near you

According to the Web site of the Association for Automatic Identification and Data Capture Technologies [http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid], "radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is an automatic way to collect product, place, and time or transaction data quickly and easily without human intervention or error." With the ability to track everything from crates of disposable razors to individual peanut-butter jars on the store shelves, RFID technology offers the potential of "real-time supply chain visibility." Promoters of RFID technology feel [C. Humer, 2003] that "RF tags are to this decade what the Internet was to the 1990's-a promise of radical change in the way business is done." However, before the full potential of RFID technology can be realized, several hurdles need to be overcome: reliability, cost, lack of standards, and security. As these hurdles gradually diminish, Wal-Mart publicly embraces the technology.
A Herschel [C ii] Galactic plane survey - I. The global distribution of ISM gas components

Context. The [C ii] 158 μ m line is an important tool for understanding the life cycle of interstellar matter. Ionized carbon is present in a variety of phases of the interstellar medium (ISM), including the diffuse ionized medium, warm and cold atomic clouds, clouds in transition from atomic to molecular, and dense and warm photon dominated regions.Aims. Velocity-resolved observations of [C ii] are the most powerful technique available to disentangle the emission produced by these components. These observations can also be used to trace CO-dark H2 gas and determine the total mass of the ISM. Methods. The Galactic Observations of Terahertz C+ (GOT C+) project surveys the [C ii] 158 μ m line over the entire Galactic disk with velocity-resolved observations using the Herschel /HIFI instrument. We present the first longitude-velocity maps of the [C ii] emission for Galactic latitudes b = 0°, ±0.5°, and ±1.0°. We combine these maps with those of H i, 12 CO, and 13 CO to separate the different phases of the ISM and study their properties and distribution in the Galactic plane. Results. [C ii] emission is mostly associated with spiral arms, mainly emerging from Galactocentric distances between 4 and 10 kpc. It traces the envelopes of evolved clouds as well as clouds that are in the transition between atomic and molecular. We estimate that most of the observed [C ii] emission is produced by dense photon dominated regions (~47%), with smaller contributions from CO-dark H2 gas (~28%), cold atomic gas (~21%), and ionized gas (~4%). Atomic gas inside the Solar radius is mostly in the form of cold neutral medium (CNM), while the warm neutral medium gas dominates the outer galaxy. The average fraction of CNM relative to total atomic gas is ~43%. We find that the warm and diffuse CO-dark H2 is distributed over a larger range of Galactocentric distances (4−11 kpc) than the cold and dense H2 gas traced by 12 CO and 13 CO (4−8 kpc). The fraction of CO-dark H2 to total H2 increases with Galactocentric distance, ranging from ~20% at 4 kpc to ~80% at 10 kpc. On average, CO-dark H2 accounts for ~30% of the molecular mass of the Milky Way. When the CO-dark H2 component is included, the radial distribution of the CO-to-H2 conversion factor is steeper than that when only molecular gas traced by CO is considered. Most of the observed [C ii] emission emerging from dense photon dominated regions is associated with modest far-ultraviolet fields in the range χ 0 ≃ 1 − 30.
Economies of Writing, Without the Economics: Some Implications of Composition’s Economic Discourse as Represented in JAC 32.3–4

Composition studies has recently increasingly engaged with economic concerns, as evidenced by the 2012 Watson Conference on “Economies of Writing” and a corresponding special issue of JAC. However, that increased engagement has not reflected an increased engagement with economic scholarship, resulting in a rhetoric that represents economy as either beyond intervention or a metaphor for non-economic phenomenon. Attention to economic scholarship can provide composition studies with a rhetoric that opens possibilities for economic agency.
Power scaling of 1617 nm Er:YAG laser operation using a narrow bandwidth output coupler

We demonstrate Er:YAG laser operation at 1617nm with 6W output power and good beam quality (M-squared = 1.5) using a Volume Bragg Grating (VBG) as a wavelength selective output coupler. The low quantum defect operation of 5% is achieved by resonant pumping with a 1534nm fiber pump laser. The thermal loads of the crystal under 1617nm laser operation, under 1645nm laser operation, and under a no lasing condition are determined.
A formula for the Kronecker products of Schur functions of hook shapes

Abstract The Kronecker product of two homogeneous symmetric polynomials P 1 and P 2 is defined by means of the Frobenius map by the formula P 1 ⊙ P 2 = F ( F −1 P 1 )( F −1 P 2 ). When P 1 and P 2 are Schur functions S I and S J , respectively, then the resulting product S I ⊙ S J is the Frobenius characteristic of the tensor product of the irreducible representations of the symmetric group corresponding to the diagrams I and J . Taking the scaler product of S I ⊙ S J with a third Schur function S K gives the so-called Kronecker coefficient C IJK = 〈 S I ⊙ S J , S K 〉 which gives the multiplicity of the representation corresponding to K in the tensor product. In this paper, we give an explicit formula for C IJK where I and J are hooks and K is arbitrary.
Hidroacanthoma simplex: An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study

A representative case of hidroacanthoma simplex was studied with routine light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Staining with the periodic acid-Schffi reagent and immunostaining with anti-keratin antibodies were useful in demarcating the tumor cells from adjacent normal epithelium. However, antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen did not help us to segregate or identify the neoplastic cells. Electron microscopy revealed tumor cells markedly different in appearance from luminal cells of the acrosyringium. Hidroacanthoma simplex does not appear to be derived from luminal cells of the acrosyringium. We propose criteria for the histologic diagnosis of this benign neoplasm.
Regression of the nephrotic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis and amyloidosis treated with azathioprine. A case report

Secondary or reactive (AA) amyloidosis is a well-known complication of certain rheumatic diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This case report describes a patient with RA complicated by amyloidosis and the nephrotic syndrome, which regressed after treatment with azathioprine. The AA amyloidosis was documented by renal and lymph node biopsies and by the presence of proteinuria. Evaluation for other etiologies of proteinuria was negative. After treatment with azathioprine, the proteinuria resolved and the serum albumin level increased from 1.9 mg/dl to normal. This is the first published report of azathioprine therapy resulting in a reversal of the nephrotic syndrome in a patient with RA and secondary amyloidosis.
Defective mammalian cells isolated from x-irradiated cultures.

Abstract Cultures of mammalian cells exposed to ionizing radiations give rise to a large proportion of surviving cells which express radiation injury in an heritable manner, in that isolated progency of irradiated cells that give rise to abnormally small colonies are found to grow more slowly and are more sensitive to further irradiation. Such inherited injury occurs in irradiated human as well as hamster cell lines. In two defective cell lines investigated, the enhanced radiation sensitivity was accompanied by reduced oxygen consumption. Defective Chinese hamster cell lines can exist with no visible gross alterations in karotype. The frequency of small colony appearance in irradiated normal cultures increases regularly with dose, and the frequency with which they are produced is apparently too great to be due to single-gene mutations.
DNA similarity analysis of a putative ancient bacterial isolate obtained from amber

Bacterial isolate BCA16, a putatively ancient bacterium apparently recovered from the abdominal contents of an insect preserved in amber, was identified by DNA similarity analysis as belonging to similarity group III of the Bacillus sphaericus complex. Thus, it is closely related to strains of this species frequently isolated from soil. Although some strains of B. sphaericus are pathogenic for mosquito larvae, isolate BCA16 is nonpathogenic.
Space charge effects on relative peak heights in fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance spectra

Ion trajectory calculations have confirmed that space charge interactions can be a source for mass discrimination seen in Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) spectra. As compared with the previously recognized mechanism of z-axis excitation, ion-ion repulsion is a mechanism which specifically affects relative peak heights of ions close in mass, and is most severe for low excitation radiofrequency (rf) amplitudes. In this mechanism, Coulomb repulsion significantly perturbs the motion of the ion clouds during excitation and alters the final cyclotron orbital radii. Under these conditions peak heights do not accurately reflect the true ion abundances in the FT-ICR spectrometer. Mass discrimination can be minimized by using low numbers of ions, low ion densities, and a short, high amplitude rf excitation waveform. Experimental observation of the relative peak heights of the m/z 91, 92, and 134 ions in n-butylbenzene gives quantitative confirmation of the results of the trajectory calculations. Chirp, SWIFT, and impulse excitation were modeled: impulse excitation was found to be most effective in minimizing the effects of space charge interactions.