cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Quantization Effects on RTS Due to Oxide Traps Induced by Channel Hot-Carrier-Stressing in pMOSFETs

Although it is the worst degradation mechanism, the effect of channel hot carrier (CHC) stressing on random telegraph signals (RTS) has not been given enough attention in pMOSFETs. We report on the effect of CHC stressing on different RTS trap parameters namely screened scattering coefficient which controls the amount of charge carrier mobility fluctuations due to remote Coulomb scattering by the trap, RTS fluctuation amplitude, average capture time and capture cross-section. The generation of positive fixed oxide charge with stressing influences the screened Coulomb scattering of the channel carriers and therefore their mobility, in addition to the commonly accepted self-screening of the channel carriers. The two-dimensional mobility fluctuations model is adopted for analyzing the CHC effect on pMOSFETs. The comparison between theoretically and experimentally obtained screened scattering coefficients points toward the impact of the newly generated positive fixed oxide charge due to stressing. The decrease of the screened scattering coefficient results in increased RTS amplitude and decreased contribution of mobility fluctuations to RTS amplitude. Capture time and capture cross-section also change as the capture cross-section pre-factor has been impacted by the reduction of relaxation energy with stressing.
Robotic deburring and chamfering of complex geometries in high-mix/low-volume production applications

Deburring and chamfering are two important manufacturing processes and are mostly performed manually by human operators, especially for parts with complex geometries. This paper presents a robotic deburring and chamfering system that can be used in high-mix/low-volume manufacturing applications. The developed system includes a robotic manipulator, force/torque sensor, pneumatic tools and tool changer, and pneumatic control components. Two Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) have been designed for selecting target features on the CAD model and planning collision-free trajectories for deburring and chamfering. The first HMI is designed to work with the CAD models (CAD-HMI) for feature selection. Human operators can select any features on the CAD model and export selected features as tool paths for trajectory generation. Once the human operator mounts the gear into the work cell, the second HMI (main HMI) can be used to register the gear and plan collision-free trajectories for the desired operation. The control and operation of the robot and tools are also integrated into the main HMI. We demonstrated that the developed system is useful for complex industrial parts.
Step selection functions on energy landscapes reveal how linear features alter migration movement in a large soaring bird

Abstract Human modification of landscapes includes extensive addition of linear features, such as roads and transmission lines. These can alter animal movement and space use and affect the intensity of interactions among species, including predation and competition. Effects of linear features on animal movement have seen relatively little research in avian systems, despite ample evidence of their effects in mammalian systems and that some types of linear features, including both roads and transmission lines, are substantial sources of mortality. Here, we used satellite telemetry combined with step-selection functions (SSFs) designed to explicitly incorporate the energy landscape to investigate the effects of linear features and habitat on movements and space use of a large soaring bird, the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos, during migration. Our sample consisted of 32 adult eagles tracked for 45 spring and 39 fall migrations from 2014-2017. Fitted SSFs indicated eagles had a strong general preference for south-facing slopes, where thermal uplift develops predictably, and that these areas are likely important aspects of migratory pathways. SSFs also revealed that roads and railroads affected movement during both spring and fall migrations, but eagles selected areas near roads to a greater degree in spring compared to fall and at higher latitudes compared to lower latitudes. During spring, time spent near linear features often occurred during slower-paced or stopover movements, perhaps in part to access carrion produced by vehicle collisions. Regardless of the behavioral mechanism of selection, use of these features could expose eagles and other soaring species to elevated risk via collision with vehicles and/or transmission lines. Linear features have been previously documented to affect the ecology of terrestrial species (e.g., large mammals) by modifying individuals’ movement patterns; our work shows these effects on movement extend to avian taxa.
A Quality Improvement Plan for Implementing an Innovative Organization System for Pediatric Airway Patients

Risks of pediatric tracheostomy are well known. The objectives of this quality improvement study were to organize tracheostomy supplies into a comprehensive care kit and demonstrate that the kits improved nursing and parental comfort in providing tracheostomy care routinely and emergently. Kits were assembled using roll-up toiletry style bags and organized in a uniform fashion with necessary supplies. Nurses and parents were surveyed using a 5-point Likert-type. Feedback was overall very positive; the kits were found to ease the transition of caring for a child with a new tracheostomy from hospital to home. This intervention can easily be adapted at other pediatric institutions.
DSM-5 Cultural and Personality Assessment of Extreme Overvalued Beliefs

Abstract Lone actor targeted violence is often the result of pathological fixations driven by extreme overvalued beliefs. An extreme overvalued belief is shared by others in a person's cultural, religious, or subcultural group. The belief is often relished, amplified, and defended by the possessor of the belief and should be differentiated from a delusion or obsession. Over time, the belief grows more dominant, more refined, and more resistant to challenge. The individual has an intense emotional commitment to the belief and may carry out violent behavior in its service. The belief becomes increasingly binary, simplistic, and absolute. We discuss the phenomenology, historical origins and application of extreme overvalued belief which was derived from the seminal work of the 19th century German neuropsychiatrist, Carl Wernicke. We discuss how delusions are different from extreme overvalued belief. Targeted violence motivated by political, religious, racial, sexual or other shared ideologies, and often fueled through online interaction are discussed and applied to well known cases, including Anders Breivik, the Unabomber, assassins such as John Wilkes Booth, Osama bin Laden, Incels, anti-LGBTQ, Sovereign Citizens, violent jihadists, and neoNazis. The DSM-5 models on cultural formulation and alternative personality disorder are presented here as important contributions to clearly understanding cases involving extreme overvalued beliefs.
Critical anomalous metals near superconductivity in models with random interactions

Anomalous metals are observed in numerous experiments on disordered two-dimensional systems proximate to superconductivity. A characteristic feature of an anomalous metal is that its low-temperature conductivity has a weakly temperature dependent value, significantly higher than that of a disordered Fermi liquid. We propose a dynamical mean-field model of an anomalous metal: interacting electrons similar in structure to that of the well-studied universal Hamiltonian of mesoscopic metallic grains, but with independent random interactions between pairs of sites, involving Cooper pair hopping and spin exchange. We find evidence for critical anomalous phases or points between a superconducting phase and a disordered Fermi liquid phase in this model. Our results are obtained by a renormalization group analysis in a weak coupling limit, and a complementary solution at large $M$ when the spin symmetry is generalized to $\mathrm{USp}(M)$. The large $M$ limit describes the anomalous metal by fractionalization of the electron into spinons, holons, and doublons, with these partons forming critical non-Fermi liquids in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev class. We compute the low-temperature conductivity in the large $M$ limit and find temperature-independent values moderately enhanced from that in the disordered metal.
Valbenazine for the Treatment of Adults with Tardive Dyskinesia

# Purpose of review This a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of Valbenazine in treating tardive dyskinesia. A primarily oral movement disorder induced by chronic exposure to certain classes of medications, tardive dyskinesia is often resistant to many therapeutic approaches. This review presents the background, evidence, and indications for the use of Valbenazine as a treatment option for this condition. # Recent Findings Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder arising from long-term exposure to medications that blocked dopamine receptors, primarily antipsychotics. It is characterized by abnormal movements of the oral-buccal-lingual structures as well as associated pain and hypertrophy. Simply stopping the use of the dopamine blocking agents effectively alleviates the symptoms but is not always reliable hence the need for another therapeutic approach. Valbenazine is thought to function as a highly selective inhibitor of the VMAT2 vesicular monoamine transporter resulting in decreased availability of dopamine in the presynaptic cleft. This leads to decreased dopaminergic activation of the striatal motor pathway. The FDA approved Valbenazine in 2017 to treat tardive dyskinesia in adults and needs to be evaluated with existing therapeutic approaches. # Summary The chronic use of dopamine receptor blocking agents, most commonly antipsychotics, can lead to a movement disorder called tardive dyskinesia. Once symptom onset has occurred, these movement abnormalities can persist for years to permanently, depending on the speed and effectiveness of treatment. Valbenazine is a relatively newer option for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia in adults. Compared to other pharmaceutical agents, it is more selective and has limited toxicities making it an effective treatment regimen. However, further research, including additional direct comparison studies, should be conducted to fully evaluate this drug’s usefulness.
PEGR: a flexible management platform for reproducible epigenomic and genomic research

Reproducibility is a significant challenge in (epi)genomic research due to the complexity of experiments composed of traditional biochemistry and informatics. Recent advances have exacerbated this challenge as high-throughput sequencing data is generated at an unprecedented pace. Here we report on our development of a Platform for Epi-Genomic Research (PEGR), a web-based project management platform that tracks and quality controls experiments from conception to publication-ready figures, compatible with multiple assays and bioinformatic pipelines. It supports rigor and reproducibility for biochemists working at the wet bench, while continuing to fully support reproducibility and reliability for bioinformaticians through integration with the Galaxy platform.
JUE Insight: The effect of new market-rate housing construction on the low-income housing market

Abstract I illustrate how new market-rate construction loosens the market for lower-quality housing through a series of moves. First, I use address history data to identify 52,000 residents of new multifamily buildings in large cities, their previous address, the current residents of those addresses, and so on for six rounds. The sequence quickly reaches units in below-median income neighborhoods, which account for nearly 40 percent of the sixth round, and similar patterns appear for neighborhoods in the bottom quintile of income or percent white. Next, I use a simple simulation model to roughly quantify these migratory connections under a range of assumptions. Constructing a new market-rate building that houses 100 people ultimately leads 45 to 70 people to move out of below-median income neighborhoods, with most of the effect occurring within three years. These results suggest that the migration ripple effects of new housing will affect a wide spectrum of neighborhoods and loosen the low-income housing market.
Predictors of adherence to patient reported outcomes and psychosocial needs questionnaire in a culturally diverse ambulatory oncology setting: The My Wellness Check Program.

173Background: Electronic health record (EHR) integrated symptom monitoring using patient reported outcomes (PRO) has been associated with improved outcomes, including health-related quality of lif...
A household-level approach to staging wildfire evacuation warnings using trigger modeling

Abstract Wildfire evacuation trigger points are prominent geographic features (e.g., ridges, roads, and rivers) utilized in wildfire evacuation and suppression practices, such that when a fire crosses a feature, an evacuation is recommended for the communities or firefighters in the path of the fire. Recent studies of wildfire evacuation triggers have used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and fire-spread modeling to calculate evacuation trigger buffers around a location or community that provide a specified amount of warning time. Wildfire evacuation trigger modeling has been applied in many scenarios including dynamic forecast weather conditions, community-level evacuation planning, pedestrian evacuation, and protecting firefighters. However, little research has been conducted on household-level trigger modeling. This work explores the potential uses of wildfire evacuation trigger modeling in issuing household-level staged evacuation warnings. The method consists of three steps: 1) calculating trigger buffers for each household; 2) modeling fire-spread to trigger the evacuation of all households; and 3) ranking households by their available (or lead) time, which enables emergency managers to develop a staged evacuation warning plan for these homes. A case study of Julian, California is used to test the method's potential and assess its advantages and disadvantages.
Distributed MIMO OFDM

This chapter considers an OFDM system with multiple distributed users. Via some coordination mechanisms, the signals from different users are assumed to be synchronized on the OFDM block level and the major challenge for receiver design lies on how to deal with the significantly different Doppler distortions on different data streams. In such scenarios, a single resampling operation at the receiver does not suffice to remove the main Doppler distortion of all data streams. First, the chapter introduces a front‐end processing module that consists of multiple resampling operations. Next, it presents one receiver termed as a multiuser detection (MUD) based iterative receiver. Another receiver termed as a practical receiver design for the distributed MIMO‐OFDM system is considered. Here, the channel model with path‐specific Doppler scales is adopted; however, it is assumed that data streams from the same user will experience one dominant Doppler scale.
Artificial liars: Why computers will (necessarily)deceive us and each other

In H-C interaction, computer supported cooperation and organisation, computer mediated commerce, intelligent data bases, teams of robots. etc. there will be purposively deceiving computers. In particular, within the Agent-based paradigm we will have ``deceiving agents''. Several kinds of deception will be present in interaction with the user, or among people via computer, or among artificial agents not only for malicious reasons (war, commerce, fraud, etc.) but also for goodwill and in our interest. Social control, trust, and moral aspects in artificial societies will be the focus of theoretical worm as well as of implementation. Is there any special affinity between AI and deceptionq
Damage Control: Cavoatrial Anastomosis during a Catastrophic Right Intrapericardial Pneumonectomy

While undergoing an intrapericardial pneumonectomy for a massive right pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor that had invaded the mediastinum, an 18-year-old woman experienced a nearly fatal iatrogenic complication. Dense scarring adjacent to the pseudotumor had drawn in the superior vena cava posterolaterally and fused the right main pulmonary artery to the right superior pulmonary vein within the pericardium. The failure of a linear stapler to secure the pulmonary vessels led to torrential hemorrhage. Attempts to control the bleeding resulted in inadvertent superior vena cava occlusion and central venous pressure elevation. Because cardiopulmonary bypass might not have been reliably established in time to avoid irreversible cerebral ischemia, we borrowed a technique from congenital heart surgery and rapidly fashioned a cavoatrial connection. The patient survived the operation without negative neurologic or cardiac sequelae, recovered fully, and had no recurrence of the pseudotumor. Herein, we describe the intraoperative decisions that were made under intense time pressure to avert catastrophe.
DNA methylation represses the expression of the human erythropoietin gene by two different mechanisms

The human erythropoietin gene is expressed predominantly in the kidney and liver in response to hypoxia. Although the signaling cascade for hypoxia is present in many different cell types, the expression of erythropoietin is restricted to only a few tissues. The authors show that the promoter and 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the erythropoietin gene comprise a CpG island and that methylation of the CpG island correlates inversely with expression. Methylation represses the expression of the erythropoietin gene in 2 ways: high-density methylation of the 5'-UTR recruits a methyl-CpG binding protein to the promoter, and methylation of CpGs in the proximal promoter blocks the association of nuclear proteins. (Blood. 2000;95:111-119)
Mitochondrial Haplogroups Are Associated With Risk of Neuroretinal Disorder in HIV-Positive Patients

Abstract: Although highly active antiretroviral therapy hasimproved survivorship dramatically and decreased the incidence ofcytomegalovirus retinitis among patients with AIDS, other ophthal-mic complications continue to occur. One complication observed in;12% of HIV-infected patients is a presumed neuroretinal disorder(NRD), manifested as decreased contrast sensitivity and associatedwith vague subjective complaints of hazy vision. Pathologically,patients with AIDS even without ocular opportunistic infections haveloss of optic nerve axons, suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction.We explored whether variation in mitochondrial DNAwas associatedwith time to NRD in HIV-infected patients in the Longitudinal Studyof Ocular Complications of AIDS cohort. Within the WesternEuropean, or ‘‘N’’, mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup, haplo-group J, was associated with 80% decrease in the risk of progressionto NRD during the study (hazard ratio = 0.20, P = 0.039) andsuggested an independent association with protection against NRD ina cross-section of all patients taken at enrollment (1.5% vs. 8.9% inpatients with vs. without haplogroup J, respectively, P = 0.05). Thesedata suggest that mitochondrial genotype may inﬂuence propensity todevelop HIV-associated NRD in patients with AIDS.Key Words: AIDS, mitochondrial DNA, neuroretinal disorder(J Acquir Immune Deﬁc Syndr 2010;53:451–455)
Parent-offspring recognition in the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica)

Abstract Past research has shown that in the colonial bank swallow and cliff swallow, parents and offspring recognize one another by calls, enabling parents to locate and feed only their own chicks. To test the hypothesis that recognition traits are adaptations to coloniality, we examined parent-offspring recognition in the related but non-colonial species, the barn swallow. To allow cross-species comparisons, we used the same methods that had been used in the previous swallow studies. We carried out four studies. (1) Cross-fostering experiments done immediately before fledging gave no evidence of recognition. (2) In a playback experiment, parents gave no indication that they recognized the calls of their offspring. (3) In another playback experiment, chicks responded more strongly to the calls of their parents than to the calls of unrelated adults. The degree of recognition, however, was somewhat weaker than that seen in the two colonial swallow species. (4) Newly fledged young did not creche after fledging. Rather, family groups generally stayed apart from one another for almost 2 weeks, while parental care was still being given. The comparative data suggest that parent-offspring recognition via individually distinctive cues evolved in response to the intermingling of young associated with colonial living, and it thus weakly expressed in barn swallows compared to cliff swallows and bank swallows.
Concurrent Design Optimization and Calibration-Based Validation Using Local Domains Sized by Bootstrapping

The design optimization process relies often on computational models for analysis or simulation. These models must be validated to quantify the expected accuracy of the obtained design solutions. It can be argued that validation of computational models in the entire design space is neither affordable nor required. In previous work, motivated by the fact that most numerical optimization algorithms generate a sequence of candidate designs, we proposed a paradigm where design optimization and calibration-based model validation are performed concurrently in a sequence of variable-size local domains that are relatively small compared to the entire design space. A key element of this approach is how to account for variability in test data and model predictions in order to determine the size of the local domains at each stage of the sequential design optimization process. In this paper, we discuss two alternative techniques for accomplishing this: parametric and nonparametric bootstrapping. The parametric bootstrapping assumes a Gaussian distribution for the error between test and model data and uses maximum likelihood estimation to calibrate the prediction model. The nonparametric bootstrapping does not rely on the Gaussian assumption providing therefore, a more general way to size the local domains for applications where distributional assumptions are difficult to verify, or not met at all. If distribution assumptions are met, parametric methods are preferable over nonparametric methods. We use a validation literature benchmark problem to demonstrate the application of the two techniques, emphasizing that results cannot be compared. Which technique to use depends on whether the Gaussian distribution assumption is appropriate based on available information.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The role of massive stars in astrophysics

The importance of massive stars in astrophysics is self-evident to all of us. However the full scope of this role has only become apparent over the last few years, as we begin to understand the central role that massive star formation and evolution plays in phenomena ranging from the structure and evolution of the interstellar medium, galaxy formation and evolution, nuclear activity in galaxies, and even the reionization of the universe itself. This paper briefly reviews this broad relevance of massive star formation, and the wide range in massive star formation environments found in the local universe.
Influencing associative thinking and imagery as measured by the "fruit-tree experiment" in children's drawings.

Abstract The fruit-tree experiment was used to investigate the influence exerted by an unfamiliar story on the content of drawings. 287 children participated in three picture drawing sessions, spaced one week apart. Before the second test an unfamiliar story was read. Half of each group received simultaneously a pertinent picture. Results showed: 1. Existing thought associations were changed by the brief exposure to an unfamiliar story. 2. Children without the accompanying picture responded stronger than those who received the story plus the picture. 3. In both experimental groups “older” (9–12 yrs.) children formed new associations more readily than “younger” (5–8 yrs.) children. 4. While the stories' effect may have been latent, there was no carry-over discernible one week later in the third fruit-tree test.
The effects upon food-reinforced pecking and treadle-pressing of auditory and visual signals for response-independent food☆

Abstract Seven pigeons whose key-pecking was maintained by food reinforcement on a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates 12-sec limited-hold 4-sec schedule and 12 other pigeons whose treadle-pressing was maintained by the same schedule received appetitive Pavlovian conditioning trials superimposed upon the instrumental baseline. Half the birds in each group received a tone as the CS, and the other half received a stimulus change on the key. Each CS was 20 sec long, and was immediately followed by 10-sec access to grain. The visual CS markedly facilitated the rate of pecking on the key for the birds whose baseline response was pecking. The visual CS produced auto-shaping of the key-peck and tended to produce suppression of treadle-pressing for the birds whose baseline response was treadle-pressing. The auditory CS produced inconsistent effects across birds regardless of the baseline response. In all cases the conditioned effects extinguished when response-independent food was omitted.
Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography.

Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT), an extension of conventional OCT, is demonstrated for performing cross-sectional tomographic and spectroscopic imaging. Information on the spectral content of backscattered light is obtained by detection and processing of the interferometric OCT signal. This method allows the spectrum of backscattered light to be measured over the entire available optical bandwidth simultaneously in a single measurement. Specific spectral features can be extracted by use of digital signal processing without changing the measurement apparatus. An ultrabroadband femtosecond Ti:Al2O3 laser was used to achieve spectroscopic imaging over the wavelength range from 650 to 1000 nm in a simple model as well as in vivo in the Xenopus laevis (African frog) tadpole. Multidimensional spectroscopic data are displayed by use of a novel hue-saturation false-color mapping.
Breast cancer risk assessment and management in primary care: Provider attitudes, practices, and barriers

Abstract Background : We surveyed primary care providers to evaluate breast cancer risk assessment and management practices. Methods : Primary care providers included staff (attendings, fellows, nurse practitioners) and residents practicing ≥1 session/week in an outpatient general medicine practice or community practices. Of 201 eligible providers, 107 (53%) completed a self-administered questionnaire ascertaining attitudes, perceived barriers, and clinical practices related to assessing and managing breast cancer risk. Results : Of providers, 96% mostly or definitely agreed that assessing breast cancer risk was a primary care provider's responsibility. In assessing risk, most providers reported usually or always asking about family history (71%), but fewer usually or always ask about parity (48%), biopsies (40%), or menarche (35%), and most never calculate Gail scores (76%). In managing women at high risk for breast cancer, many providers reported usually or always communicating increased risk to patients (58%) and tailoring screening based on risk (53%); however fewer providers usually or always discuss chemoprevention (13%) or genetic testing (16%) or refer to specialists (35%). Addressing more immediate issues (25%) and lacking confidence in knowledge of risk and risk assessment (20%) were the most commonly reported barriers to assessing risk ( n =83). Conclusion : Primary care providers generally assess breast cancer risk primarily using family history, potentially missing women at increased risk based on other criteria. In addition, although providers tailor screening and refer women at high risk to specialists, they infrequently discuss chemoprevention or genetic testing. Addressing perceived barriers to assessing risk may improve care.
Substructure and Perfection in UO2 Single Crystals

The quality of UO2 single crystals grown by arc-melting, by a modified floating-zone technique (ICZG), and by vapor deposition was studied using etch-pit patterns, electron microscopy, and X-ray topography. These techniques complemented each other and indicated significant variations between the crystals grown by the different techniques. Both types of melt-grown crystals contained extensive substructure and approximately 106 etch pits/cm2; finely dispersed inhomogeneities were found in the vapor-grown crystals. Stoichiometry control during growth permitted a major improvement in the perfection of the ICZG crystals.
Replantation and revascularization vs. amputation in injured digits

Background The purpose of this study was to analyze factors associated with the decision to replant or revascularize rather than amputate an injured digit as well as factors associated with successful replantation or revascularization.
Sex pheromone source location by garter snakes: : A mechanism for detection of direction in nonvolatile trails.

Male plains garter snakes,Thamnophis radix, tested in a 240-cm-long arena can detect directional information from a female pheromone trail only when the female is allowed to push against pegs while laying the trail. The female's normal locomotor activity apparently deposits pheromone on the anterolateral surfaces of vertical structures in her environment. The male sensorily assays the sides of these objects and from this information determines the female's direction of travel.
Effects of docetaxel on pain due to metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer

Bone pain commonly plagues patients with metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer. Studies of mitoxantrone demonstrated that chemotherapy can substantially reduce this debilitating symptom. Two of the available studies examining the use of docetaxel with and without estramustine for treatment of androgenindependent prostate cancer include a detailed prospective analysis of pain and quality of life. One study required patients to have pain at entry and demonstrated significant improvement in pain. The second study enrolled patients with low prevalence and intensity of pain and did not demonstrate pain relief. The available results, although preliminary, suggest that patients with significant bone pain due to androgen-independent prostate cancer can experience substantial pain relief with docetaxel-based therapy. Larger randomized studies targeting patients with sufficient prevalence and intensity of pain are needed to refine our understanding of the contribution of docetaxel to pain control in this patient population.
Television Viewing and Rape Myth Acceptance among College Women

Prior research has shown that people who consume pornographic movies and magazines are more likely to accept rape myths. The results of the present study build on that research to link the acceptance of rape myths to general, daily television use among college women. Furthermore, our data show that college women who watch more television are more likely to believe that rape accusations are false. In addition, the data support a positive relationship between conservative political ideology and rape myth acceptance. However, the data do not support the cultivation hypothesis; that is, television use did not correlate with the overestimation of rape in society. The results suggest the need for additional research focused on the role that general television viewing may play in perpetuating rape-related misperceptions.
Long Duration Overvoltages due to Current Backfeeding in Secondary Networks

This paper analyzes long duration overvoltages due to backfeeding currents from the low-voltage network to the medium-voltage network through network protectors in heavily meshed underground distribution networks. Overvoltages above 3 p.u. may be developed as a result of a simultaneous occurrence of three phenomena: neutral displacement, Ferranti effect, and current chopping. A detailed model of a typical distribution network is utilized for the study. Time-domain simulations are performed using an Electromagnetic Transients Program-type program. The results demonstrate that overvoltages due to backfeeding last longer during peak load operating conditions, and the largest peak overvoltages occur at no load.
James I, Gondomar and the Dissolution of the Parliament of 1621

Letters written by Count Gondomar reveal that King James I devised a secret plan to dissolve the parliament of 1621 before it was recalled for a second session. Because of the escalating war in the Holy Roman Empire, James faced a belligerent parliament in England which pressured him to mount an effective defence of the Lower Palatinate against Spanish and imperial forces. James resisted and decided instead to maintain his rapport with Spain, and therefore it became necessary to sacrifice the parliament of 1621. Motivated by a genuine desire for peace, the king provoked a confrontation with the House of Commons in order to give him a pretext for dissolving parliament.
Nest site selection minimizes environmental stressor exposure in the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus (L.)

Abstract The American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, migrates to beaches at Seahorse Key, FL, on the highest-high tides to mate and deposit clutches of fertilized eggs. By nesting at high beach elevations, females may increase hatching success by minimizing exposure of the developing eggs to hypoxia and hydrogen sulfide, although at the potential added cost of increased exposure to harmful high temperatures. To test this, we took a two-fold approach: 1) we determined microclimate conditions experienced by developing horseshoe crab eggs at a nesting site on the Gulf Coast of Florida, and 2) in laboratory-rearing experiments we determined whether developmental success was affected by exposure to temperature, ambient O2 and sulfide conditions modeled on values from potential nesting sites. We found that most horseshoe crabs nested in the high and extreme-high tidal height zones above the high tide line. These high-tidal areas were characterized by normoxia, temperatures exceeding 35 °C, and minimal exposure to hydrogen sulfide. When fertilized eggs and larvae were exposed to similar “control” conditions in the laboratory, eggs and larvae exhibited 80–90% developmental success. The mid-tidal height zone was characterized by temperatures exceeding 35 °C, 21–17% ambient O2, and minimal exposure to hydrogen sulfide. When exposed to similar mid-tidal conditions in the laboratory, development success was equivalent to eggs exposed to control conditions. In contrast, the low tidal height zone was characterized by temperatures never exceeding 35 °C, ambient O2 as low as 5.9%, and significantly greater exposure to hydrogen sulfide. In the laboratory, exposure to conditions similar to low-tidal zone resulted in developmental success that was reduced by up to 25% compared to the eggs and larvae exposed to control conditions. We conclude that horseshoe crabs choose nesting sites that maximize developmental success by avoiding sites containing hypoxia and hydrogen sulfide, although this increases exposure to high temperature.
SHORT‐TERM TRAINING VISION AND AGING PROJECT

The Pennsylvania College of Optometry, with funding from the Administration on Aging, conducted two series of “Vision and Aging” workshops. The project directive was to improve the knowledge of long‐term care and optometric professionals caring for elderly individuals. A total of 86 optometrists and 74 long‐term care professionals completed their respective 2‐day workshops. Evaluation data revealed that participants had little knowledge/skills about vision and aging; the workshops were informative and relevant; interactive strategies employed were favorably received; and participants' knowledge of vision and aging increased. Additional vision‐related training, services, and activities for the elderly have occurred since the workshops were conducted.
Novel small-angle collective Thomson scattering system.

A Thomson scattering opticals system is described with the following characteristics: (1) it allows scattering angles down to 1 mrad before collection optics interfere with beam dumping; (2) it gives excellent k resolution for angles of ≳1.5 mrad; (3) it collects light from a scattering volume which can be variably positioned without optical realignment; and (4) it is compact in size. The design, test data, and an application to ruby-laser scattering from 100-μm wavelength plasma waves are presented.
Integrating purchasing and routing in a propane gas supply chain

Abstract This paper addresses the integration of purchasing and routing for a propane gas supply chain. The focus is on the wholesale side of the supply network. Rigorous solution methods using both set partitioning and tabu search are developed for obtaining optimal and near-optimal solutions for the purchasing/routing problem. The proposed methods are applied to a real-world propane distribution problem. The results of the study indicate that the potential annual cost savings through the integration of purchasing and routing decisions can range up to millions of dollars for large distributors. The methods can also be used strategically as an aid in reconfiguring the supply network involving depot locations, tanker fleet sizing, and allocation of capacity at supply terminals. The methodology could also be used to provide decision support for distributing other energy products such as heating oil.
The Girlfriends Project: Evaluating a Promising Community-Based Intervention From a Bottom-Up Perspective

Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard in research but may not fully explain or predict outcome variations in community-based interventions. Demonstrating efficacy of externally driven ...
NIH Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers: the power of centralized phenotyping

The Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers (MMPCs) were founded in 2001 by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to advance biomedical research by providing the scientific community with standardized, high-quality phenotyping services for mouse models of diabetes, obesity, and their complications. The intent is to allow researchers to take optimum advantage of the many new mouse models produced in labs and in high-throughput public efforts. The six MMPCs are located at universities around the country and perform complex metabolic tests in intact mice and hormone and analyte assays in tissues on a fee-for-service basis. Testing is subsidized by the NIH in order to reduce the barriers for mouse researchers. Although data derived from these tests belong to the researcher submitting mice or tissues, these data are archived after publication in a public database run by the MMPC Coordinating and Bioinformatics Unit. It is hoped that data from experiments performed in many mouse models of metabolic diseases, using standard protocols, will be useful in understanding the nature of these complex disorders. The current areas of expertise include energy balance and body composition, insulin action and secretion, whole-body and tissue carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular and renal function, and metabolic pathway kinetics. In addition to providing services, the MMPC staff provides expertise and advice to researchers, and works to develop and refine test protocols to best meet the community’s needs in light of current scientific developments. Test technology is disseminated by publications and through annual courses.
Toward self-assembling dendrimers: Metal complexation induces the assembly of hyperbranched structures

Abstract A novel 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, symmetrically substituted at the 3,8-positions with branched multifunctional groups, is self-assembled into dendritic structures upon metal complexation.
Cookbook: in situ code completion using edit recipes learned from examples

Existing code completion engines leverage only pre-defined templates or match a set of user-defined APIs to complete the rest of changes. We propose a new code completion technique, called Cookbook, where developers can define custom edit recipes—a reusable template of complex edit operations—by specifying change examples. It generates an abstract edit recipe that describes the most specific generalization of the demonstrated example program transformations. Given a library of edit recipes, it matches a developer’s edit stream to recommend a suitable recipe that is capable of filling out the rest of change customized to the target. We evaluate Cookbook using 68 systematic changed methods drawn from the version history of Eclipse SWT. Cookbook is able to narrow down to the most suitable recipe in 75% of the cases. It takes 120 milliseconds to find the correct suitable recipe on average, and the edits produced by the selected recipe are on average 82% similar to developer’s hand edit. This shows Cookbook’s potential to speed up manual editing and to minimize developer’s errors. Our demo video is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4BNc8FT4RU.
Dependence of cell membrane conductances on bathing solution HCO 3 − /CO2 inNecturus gallbladder

The effects of bathing solution HCO 3 − /CO2 concentrations on baseline cell membrane voltages and resistances were measured inNecturus gallbladder epithelium with conventional intracellular microelectrode techniques. Gallbladders were bathed in either low HCO 3 − /CO2 Ringer's solutions (2.4mm HCO 3 − /air or 1mm HEPES/air) or a high HCO 3 − /CO2 Ringer's (10mm HCO 3 − /1% CO2). The principal finding of these studies was that the apical membrane fractional resistance (fRa) was higher in tissues bathed in the 10mm HCO 3 − /CO2 Ringer's, averaging 0.87±0.06, whereasfRa averaged 0.63±0.07 and 0.48±0.08 in 2.4mm HCO 3 − and 1mm HEPES, respectively. Intraepithelial cable analysis was employed to obtain estimates of the individual apical (Ra) and basolateral membrane (Rb) resistances in tissues bathed in 10mm HCO 3 − /1% CO2 Ringer's. Compared to previous resistance measurements obtained in tissues bathed in a low HCO 3 − /CO2 Ringer's, the higher value offRa was found to be due to both an increase inRa and a decrease inRb. The higher values offRa and lower values ofRb confirm the recent observations of others. To ascertain the pathways responsible for these effects, cell membrane voltages were measured during serosal solution K+ and Cl− substitutions. The results of these studies suggest that an electrodiffusive Cl− transport mechanism exists at the basolateral membrane of tissues bathed in a 10mm HCO 3 − /1% CO2 Ringer's, which can explain in part the fall inRb. The above observations are discussed in terms of a stimulatory effect of solution [HCO 3 − /PCO2 on transepithelial fluid transport, which results in adaptive changes in the conductive properties of the apical and basolateral membranes.
Two-level transition probabilities for asymmetric coupling pulses

In a recent paper, Bambini and Berman [A. Bambini and P. R. Berman, Phys. Rev. A 23, 2496 (1981)] presented analytic solutions to a certain family of coherent-coupling pulses for a two-level system. They show, for nonresonant temporally asymmetric members of the class, that there are no solutions corresponding to vanishing transition probabilities. In this Comment, we examine the problem in greater generality and demonstrate that this property is the norm for asymmetric pulses, and that a vanishing transition probability is possible only if severely overdetermined conditions are satisfied.
Lipoxygenase-derived products of arachidonic acid mediate stimulation of hexose uptake in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Summary Chemotactic factors, arachidonic acid and leukocyte-derived lipoxygenase products of arachidonate (5-hydroperoxy-, 5-hydroxy- and 5,12-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids) stimulated stereospecific uptake of 3 H-2-deoxyglucose by human neutrophils. However, of all stimuli tested, only the effects of 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid were not inhibited by 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid at concentrations which also inhibit release of arachidonate metabolites from leukocytes. The data suggest that 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid mediates the coupling of membrane receptor stimulation to the functional response of hexose uptake in human neutrophils.
UTILIZATION OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES TO EVALUATE THE IMPORTANCE OF SUBSTRATE INTERACTION AT THE PROTEOLYTIC SITE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI LON PROTEASE

Lon, also known as protease La, is an ATP-dependent protease functioning to degrade many unstructured proteins. Currently, very little is known about the substrate determinants of Lon at the proteolytic site. Using synthetic peptides constituting different regions of the endogenous protein substrate lambdaN, we demonstrated that the proteolytic site of Escherichia coli Lon exhibits a certain level of localized sequence specificity. Using an alanine positional scanning approach, we discovered a set of discontinuous substrate determinants surrounding the scissile Lon cleavage site in a model peptide substrate, which function to influence the k(cat) of the peptidase activity of Lon. We further investigated the mode of peptide interaction with the proteolytically inactive Lon mutant S679A in the absence and presence of ADP or AMPPNP by 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and discovered that the binding interaction between protein and peptide varies with the nucleotide bound to the enzyme. This observation is suggestive of a substrate translocation step, which likely limits the turnover of the proteolytic reaction. The contribution of the identified substrate determinants towards the kinetics of ATP-dependent degradation of lambdaN and truncated lambdaN mutants by Lon was also examined. Our results indicated that Lon likely recognizes numerous discontinuous substrate determinants throughout lambdaN to achieve substrate promiscuity.
An adaptive Riemann solver using a two-shock approximation

Abstract An approximate Riemann solver is developed using a linear approximation for the shock velocity in particle velocity. The approximation is a second-order Taylor expansion for the pressure in velocity. Bounds are established for the values of the linear coefficient while assuring a physical entropy satisfying solution. This is done rigorously for an ideal gas and is incorporated in a nonlinear function that recovers both the weak and strong shock limits. Extensions to more general equations of state are discussed through several examples (JWL and Mie-Gruneisen). For strong rarefactions, an exponential function is used for the wave curve that has appropriate asymptotic properties and is continuous to second-order with the shock curve at the centering point for the Riemann problem. This provides the Riemann solver with an adaptive character with an inexpensive, but accurate approximation for weak discontinuities, and asymptotically appropriate approximations for strong discontinuities.
Digitization of Medicine: How Radiology Can Take Advantage of the Digital Revolution

In the era of medical cost containment, radiologists must continually maintain their actual and perceived value to patients, payers, and referring providers. Exploitation of current and future digital technologies may be the key to defining and promoting radiology's "brand" and assure our continued relevance in providing predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory medicine. The Association of University of Radiologists Radiology Research Alliance Digitization of Medicine Task Force was formed to explore the opportunities and challenges of the digitization of medicine that are relevant to radiologists, which include the reporting paradigm, computational biology, and imaging informatics. In addition to discussing these opportunities and challenges, we consider how change occurs in medicine, and how change may be effected in medical imaging community. This review article is a summary of the research of the task force and hopefully can be used as a stimulus for further discussions and development of action plans by radiology leaders.