cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Speaking out about the social implications of science: the uneven legacy of H. J. Muller.

H. J. Muller (1890–1967) was unusual as a scientist because he spoke out on numerous occasions about the uses and abuses of genetics in society. In this article, I follow Muller's efforts to do so and the consequences that they had on his career, his productivity as a research scientist, and his reputation. The shifting sites of Muller's work—which ranged from Columbia University to Texas, from Berlin to Moscow and Leningrad, from Madrid to Edinburgh, and from Amherst to Indiana University—made his activism unusual. Muller paid a price for his activism, and his reputation today is still marred by what most historians would consider risky judgments and reversals of position about genetics and society. My analysis is not a defense but rather an evaluation of the circumstances that led him to these positions and an analysis of the consequences of challenging society when scientists believe their science is being ignored or abused.
Regional navigation system using geosynchronous satellites and stratospheric airships

A methodology is proposed to design a regional navigation system using geosynchronous satellites and stratospheric airships. One important factor in designing a navigation system is dilution of precision (DOP). We design a regional navigation system based on the simulations of the system's DOP. The system would consist of geosynchronous orbit satellites (GSO) and stratospheric airships for the urban areas. In the beginning stage, the system would augment the existing GPS constellation, and in the later stage with sufficient satellites and airships, we could achieve an independent alternative navigation system.
Floral calcium oxalate crystals as foraging cues for honey bees

Artificial flower patches were used to test whether floral calcium oxalate crystals (which reflect UV light) affect honey bee (Apis mellifera) flower fidelity, and whether honey bees will use calci...
To Dominate or to Engage: Developing the Right Relationship with a Non-Asianist Colleague

Since the mid-2000s, the Carthage College curriculum has included an interdisciplinary requirement called the “Carthage Symposium,” which students fulfill through a team-taught class. Some of these classes have been trips to Asia in which an Asian specialist has traveled and taught with a non-Asianist colleague. In my case, I have teamed up with a biologist and offered a trip course that examines the geography and biology of China as a Carthage Symposium; at the same time this course is also counted towards the “Global Heritage” requirement because of its area concentration. The course has been designed to carry the main theme of regional variation in human environment interaction, as reflected through climate, topography, food preferences, landscape, and cultural and economic activities. So far the course has been offered twice with different itineraries: In January 2008, we traveled with 14 students to Beijing, Harbin, Yunnan (Kunming, Dali, and Lijiang), and the Shanghai region (Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Wuzhen), primarily with a focus on North-South contrast. In January 2009, we visited with 18 students Beijing, Guangxi (Guilin, Yangshuo), Hainan (Sanya), and the Shanghai region (Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Suzhou), adding the East-West divide. A summer 2011 trip following a northern route along the Chinese silk road (Beijing-Xi’an-Dunhuang-Urumqi) and a January 2012 trip following a southern route looking at contemporary China and its open door policy (Shanghai-Shenzhen-Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macao) are already in the planning phase.
Why should we abort the expression 'aborted sudden death'.

In 2006, a Task Force of the American Heart Association (AHA), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) [1] defined that the successful treatment of an episode of cardiac arrest by cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers should have not been considered as an “aborted” sudden death. In this document, the experts recommended that sudden cardiac death “should not be used to describe events that are not fatal”. However, several recent manuscripts published in the ‘International Journal of Cardiology’ and other prestigious journals continued to use the expression ‘aborted sudden death’ to describe a non-fatal episode of cardiac arrest, usually due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias [2–6]. The avoidance of such expression is reasonable. The primary definition of the term ‘abortion’ is the early interruption of a pregnancy. Different from the pregnancy, that had happened and was interrupted, the sudden death did not come to happen. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the most life-threatening arrhythmia. It is usually sustained and often leads to death unless a direct-current defibrillation is applied. However, a transient self-limited VF is not so rare clinically [7,8]. In a recent study with 132 patients with sudden cardiac arrest recorded during a 24-hour Holter monitoring [9], 97 (73%) presented ventricular tachyarrhythmias and 37 of them survived, 13 (35%) with the arrhythmia converted to a basic rhythm with resuscitation and 24 (65%) spontaneously. The main electrocardiographic mechanisms were ventricular tachycardia degenerating to VF (59 patients, with 23 survivors) and primary VF (23 patients, with 6 survivors). Finally, I would like to portray myself of the recent publication where I also erroneously named a non-fatal cardiac arrest as ‘aborted sudden death’ [10].
Analysis of slot injection beneath a thick hypersonic boundary layer

A simplified analysis of tangential slot injection into a hypersonic (or supersonic) external flow having a thick. turbulent initial boundary layer including the effects of turbulent mixing, viscid/inviscid interaction, modest initial pressure mismatch. skin friction and heat transfer and heat release for reactive injectants is derived. The treatment uses hypersonic (or supersonic) small disturbance theory, a power law shape for the initial boundary layer velocity profile and a Crocco integral to get the temperature profile, a turbulent entrainment model including the effect of a Convective Mach Number, a quasi-1D assumption in the mixing and burning region, an instantaneous, onestep heat release model and simple models of skin friction and heat transfer. Good agreement o f predictions with experiment for several cases without and with burning for gross flowfield variables such as P(x), A(x), M(x), T o ( x ) , etc. was achieved The calculations need only about 1-2 seconds of CPU time on an Amdahl 5890 class computer. Lastly, calculations for combustor flowfields for a generic Scramjet vehicle at a flight Mach number of 10 with a realistic range of values for the boundary layer thickness at the injection station and slot height and injection Mach number and total temperature are given and discussed. v
An Experimental Examination of the Potential Function of Early Stone Age Tool Technology and Implications for Subsistence Behavior

AbstractThis paper presents; an experimental examination of the potential function of Early Stone Age (ESA) stone tool technology. The discussion situates the behavior associated with ESA technology within the context of evidence for subsistence activities from faunal remains. On the basis of this experiment, I argue that: (I) many tasks associated with carcass processing in situations of secondary carcass access could have been carried out with equal efficiency with unmodified cobbles rather than modified stone tools; (2) core tools offer no major advantages over unmodified cobbles in bone breaking; and (3) flakes are generally more effective than core tools in cutting tasks such as defleshing and joint disarticulation. Therefore, I argue that defleshing and joint disarticulation were the primary uses of stone tool technology within the context off carcass processing I also propose that a great deal of early hominid carcass processing was done without modified stone tools, leaving neither lithic nor faun...
Effect of Foxtail Infestation on Corn Rootworm Larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Under Two Corn-planting Dates

The impact of foxtail ( Setaria spp.) infestations on corn rootworm ( Diabrotica spp.) populations was studied in corn planted in early May and early June during 1981, 1982, and 1983. Delaying corn planting significantly reduced corn rootworm larval and adult populations in both foxtail-infested and weed-free corn plots. Compared with weed-free corn plots, weedy plots had significantly fewer corn rootworm larvae and adults in 1 of 3 years and numerically fewer in 3 years. Regression analysis was used to investigate adult corn rootworm emergence in 1981. Delaying corn planting significantly delayed 50% occurrence of corn rootworm adults. Foxtail infestation also delayed corn rootworm emergence, but differences were nonsignificant. The interaction of alternate food sources (foxtail) and weed competition on corn plant growth and corn rootworm food availability is discussed.
The Impact of Mycteroxerosis by Preservation/Reconstruction and Ablation of Uncinate Process in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Objective:To explore a new approach for paranasal sinus by using transnasal endoscope,which would be better coincided with the physiological characteristics of nasal sinuses,and evaluated the impact of mycteroxerosis.Methods:Forty patients with chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) were selected as clinical subjects.For each patient,the left side was selected to preserve or reconstruct the shape of uncinate process by nasal sinus opening surgery,the right was received traditional functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS) as contro1.The impact of mycteroxerosis after surgery was evaluated according to the restoration of symptoms and local state under endoscope.Results:The patients were followed up after 6 months since the performance of surgery.The preservation/reconstruction of uncinate process decreased the mycteroxerosis and accorded to the restoration of symptoms(χ2=7.472,P0.05) and local state under endoscope(χ2=9.568,P0.01).Conclusion:Sinus opening surgery by preserving or reconstructing uncinate process can maintain or reconstruct the original nasal cavity structure,and can decrease the mycteroxerosis.
A Study on the Preparation and Performance of New Nanocomposite

LLDPE/EVA/nano-CaCO3 composites are filled with nano-ZT particle(the compound of nano-ZnO and nano-TiO2).The dispersibility of nano-particle and morphology of samples is represented by FESEM,and their mechanical and rheological properties are reseached and the result is abtained.
Secretory aspartyl proteinases induce neutrophil chemotaxis in vivo.

Candida albicans is a medically important human commensal fungus, which is capable of causing opportunistic infections of the skin, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and vascular system. It is th...
Phylogeography, Salinity Adaptations and Metabolic Potential of the Candidate Division KB1 Bacteria Based on a Partial Single Cell Genome.

Deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs) and other hypersaline environments contain abundant and diverse microbial life that has adapted to these extreme conditions. The bacterial Candidate Division KB1 represents one of several uncultured groups that has been consistently observed in hypersaline microbial diversity studies. Here we report the phylogeography of KB1, its phylogenetic relationships to Candidate Division OP1 Bacteria, and its potential metabolic and osmotic stress adaptations based on a partial single cell amplified genome (SAG) of KB1 from Orca Basin, the largest hypersaline seafloor brine basin in the Gulf of Mexico. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis – previously developed based on 14C incorporation experiments with mixed-species enrichments from Mediterranean seafloor brines - that KB1 has adapted its proteins to elevated intracellular salinity, but at the same time KB1 apparently imports glycine betaine; this compatible solute is potentially not limited to osmoregulation but could also serve as a carbon and energy source.
Current practices in evaluation of Hypertension (HTN) in children and adolescents

O the past few decades, there has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. In the US and globally, childhood overweight (BMI ≥95th%) prevalence increased significantly across all races, ethnicities and both genders. Increasing childhood BMI is associated with rise in childhood blood pressure (BP). The 2004 “Fourth Report” on Childhood HTN created new BP standards based on height percentiles as well as age and gender. It provides a rationale for early identification, evaluation and treatment of children with elevated BP, and makes therapeutic recommendations. Based on the “Fourth Report”, newer definitions were termed including: White-coat hypertension (WCH), masked HTN, pre-hypertension and hypertension stages 1 & 2. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is the most reliable way of evaluating BP during a 24-hour period of the patient’s normal daily activities. Patients wear a lightweight BP monitor which measures BP at regular intervals for 24 hours. The readings are recorded by the monitor and later downloaded to the interpreter’s personal computer. Equipment for ABPM is available for use in children over 5 years of age, and the validity of ABPM has been confirmed in children. It is a powerful tool for the investigation of children and adolescents with suspected or known HTN, with the potential to streamline the evaluation of children with elevated BP. Since hypertension in the pediatric population has been shown to be associated with target organ damage, it is important to diagnose, evaluate and treat hypertension early and effectively.
Fat Eggs or Fit Bodies

How HIV treatment, fertility fears, and western values have confounded traditional beauty ideals in Botswana.
Cellulose Nanocrystal Reinforced Chitosan Coatings for Improving the Storability of Postharvest Pears Under Both Ambient and Cold Storages

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC, 0%, 5%, and 10% w/w, in chitosan, dry basis) reinforced 2% chitosan aqueous coatings were evaluated for delaying the ripening and quality deterioration of postharvest green D'Anjou (Pyrus communis L.) and Bartlett (Pyrus communis L.) pears during 3 wk of ambient storage (20 ± 2 °C and 30 ± 2% RH) or 5 mo of cold storage (-1.1 °C and 90% RH), respectively. Ethylene and CO2 production, color, firmness, and internal fruit quality were monitored during both storage conditions. Moisture and gas barrier, antibacterial activity, and surface morphology of the derived films were also evaluated to investigate the mechanisms of delayed fruit ripening and quality deterioration. In the ambient storage study, the 5% CNC reinforced chitosan coating significantly (P < 0.05) delayed green chlorophyll degradation of pear peels, prevented internal browning, reduced senescence scalding, and improved retained fruit firmness. During cold storage, the 5% CNC reinforced chitosan coating showed a competitive effect on delaying fruit postharvest quality deterioration compared to a commercial product (Semperfresh™, Pace International, Wapato, Wash., U.S.A.). The 5% CNC coating strongly adhered to the pear surface, provided a superior gas barrier and a more homogenous matrix in comparison with the other coatings tested. Hence, it was effective in delaying ripening and improving the storability of postharvest pears during both ambient and cold storage.
X-RAY AND OPTICAL STUDIES OF IRAS SELECTED AGN

The samples of galaxies selected by virtue of their warm infrared colors defined from IRAS measurements contain large numbers of previously unknown AGN. X-ray measurements are reported for 7 of these. Their optical properties suggest different percentages of Seyfert 1.9s and narrow line Seyfert is than have been found using other selection techniques. The one non-Seyfert x-ray detection is of a galaxy with an HII type optical spectrum. It has an x-ray luminosity several times higher than the starburst galaxy NGC7714.
Diseases of the Hair and Nails

Hair abnormalities can be of considerable psychosocial significance to both children and adults, and can serve as a marker for systemic disease, whether it be inherited or acquired. Similarly, nail changes, such as discoloration or thickening, can represent a local phenomenon (as seen in onychomycosis) or be a herald of general health.
Aprender a leer y a convivir en las escuelas rurales en Colombia

El texto que aqui se presenta es un analisis de la situacion de las Escuelas Nuevas en Colombia. Se abordan los contextos que como obstaculos han entrabado el desarrollo de la educacion en la poblacion infantil y se plantean algunas salidas. Estructuralmente el texto describe tres desafios para los maestros de este tipo de escuelas. El primero se refiere a los alumnos que no ingresan a la escuela o que desertan antes de culminar la educacion basica. El segundo desafio tiene que ver con las debiles competencias de lectoescritura y las debiles culturas escolares de los ninos de las escuelas rurales. El tercer desafio hace referencia a la insuficiente atencion al desarrollo de competencias para la convivencia. La exposicion de cada uno de estos desafios se apoya en una serie de documentos con abundante y detallada informacion. Finalmente, el documento presenta algunas sugerencias para atender estos desafios.
Prehospital Pediatric Pain Management: Continued Barriers to Care

Abstract Painful injuries and illnesses are common conditions that activate emergency medical transport. The assessment and treatment of pediatric pain are integral to prehospital patient care. Several studies have reported that pain is often underrecognized and undertreated in the prehospital setting, particularly in children. The objective of this article is to describe the current state of prehospital pediatric pain assessment and management, as well as to discuss potential avenues to improve prehospital patient care.
Health Coaching in Severe COPD After a Hospitalization: A Qualitative Analysis of a Large Randomized Study.

BACKGROUND: We recently demonstrated in a randomized study the feasibility and effectiveness of telephone-based health coaching using motivational interviewing on decreasing hospital readmissions and improving quality of life at 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge. In this qualitative study, we sought to explore the health-coaching intervention as seen from the perspective of the participants who received the intervention and the coaches who delivered it. METHODS: Semistructured participant interviews (n = 24) and a focus group of all health coaches (n = 3) who participated in this study were conducted. Interviews and focus group were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using coding and categorizing techniques and thematic analysis. Mixed-method triangulation was used to merge quantitative and qualitative data. RESULTS: Content analysis revealed 4 predominant themes of the coaching intervention: health-coaching relationship, higher participant confidence and reassurance (most related to improvement in physical quality of life), improved health-care system access (most related to decreased hospital readmissions), and increased awareness of COPD symptoms (most related to improvement in emotional quality of life). The strongest theme was the relationship with the health coach, including coach style and motivational interviewing approach. Health coaches9 focus group also noted the importance of the coaching relationship as the most significant theme. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided themes to further inform the delivery and implementation of health-coaching interventions in patients with COPD after hospital discharge. Health coaching forged partnerships and created a platform for patient engagement, which was confirmed by both participants and health coaches.
Brand Trust: Scale Development and Validation

We develop a reliable and valid scale for brand trust. We conduct four empirical studies. In the first study, we empirically test and reduce the initial item pool, and in the sec-ond, we verify the reliability of the remaining items on another sample. The third study cross-validates the brand trust scale and assesses its nomological validity. The fourth study provides additional evidence of the discriminant validity of the scale in relation to related but distinct brand constructs.
Prospects for Research in Radiation Biology

With the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen in 1895 came the birth of radiation research, a multidisciplinary field that has since seen remarkable progress. Over the past century our field has witnessed major advancements in the measurement of radiation fields, the identification of critical radiogenic lesions in cells, the use of therapeutic irradiation regimes to treat cancer patients, and the control of nuclear reactions used to generate energy. Despite our rich legacy of achievements, the natural flux of social and economic pressures pose new challenges to the radiation research community. What then does the future hold? Genetic and molecular techniques have hastened the identification of radiation responsive signaling pathways that regulate an impressive and intricate network of checkpoint and repair systems. Despite this progress, many of the incipient radiation-induced physical-chemical changes and/or covalent modifications that activate the upstream kinases are not known. Many of the initial damage sensors and factors regulating the recognition of a variety of damage types are incompletely understood. The interplay between multiprotein complexes acting upon specific lesions is a dynamic process and work is still needed to decipher how these complexes modify protein-protein interactions to recruit and/or reshuffle their protein subunits in efforts to fine tune repair responses to the ever changing extra- and intracellular environment. Understanding these interactions will provide insights into how the replication machinery and multiple damage-specific polymerases interface with DNA repair complexes to resolve impediments to replication and double-strand breaks that form during replication arrest.
Teaching as You Would Have Them Teach: An Effective Elementary Science Teacher Preparation Program

(2002). Teaching as You Would Have Them Teach: An Effective Elementary Science Teacher Preparation Program. Journal of Science Teacher Education: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 247-265.
Timing of initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy and the progression of breast cancer on a predominant hispanic population: A retrospective study.

10096Background: The timing of adjuvant chemotherapy after the surgery has been suggested to have an important impact in the progression of the breast cancer. The aim of the study is to evaluate th...
Data Cyberinfrastructure for End-to-End Science

Large-scale scientific facilities provide a broad community of researchers and educators with open access to instrumentation and data products generated from geographically distributed instruments and sensors. This paper discusses key architectural design, deployment, and operational aspects of a production cyberinfrastructure for the acquisition, processing, and delivery of data from large scientific facilities using experiences from the National Science Foundation's Ocean Observatories Initiative. This paper also outlines new models for data delivery and opportunities for insights in a wide range of scientific and engineering domains as the volumes and variety of data from facilities grow.
Are hoarding symptoms associated with interpersonally relevant attentional biases? A preliminary investigation

Abstract According to cognitive-behavioral models of hoarding disorder, positive and negative emotional processing biases may contribute to the core symptoms of clutter, acquiring, and difficulty discarding. In disorders commonly comorbid with hoarding (e.g., depression; anxiety), studies have revealed specific patterns of attentional biases that relate to central symptoms. However, links between hoarding symptoms and biased attention, particularly involving interpersonal content, remain empirically untested. In the present study, we aimed to conduct the first investigation of hoarding symptoms and attentional biases. A sample of 57 young adults viewed images of positive and negative facial expressions paired with neutral facial expressions. During stimulus presentation eye tracking data captured four measures of early-stage and late-stage attentional biases toward emotional stimuli. Hoarding symptoms were measured dimensionally using the Saving Inventory-Revised. Results yielded an association between early orientation toward negative stimuli and severity of acquiring symptoms. Conversely, difficulty discarding/saving was associated with multiple measures of late-stage positive attentional biases. Findings reinforce the importance of examining both positive and negative emotional systems in relation to specific hoarding symptom clusters, even at the basic information processing level.
Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture for Vegetation/Forests with Large VWC Using Nmm3d Full Wave Simulations

The transmission through vegetation/forest canopy is important for remote sensing of soil moisture. The commonly used vegetation models are distorted Born Approximation (DBA) and Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE). We recently developed Numerical Maxwell Model of 3D (NMM3D) full wave simulations of vegetation/forests. The results of NMM3D show much larger transmission than that of RTE/DBA. A much larger transmission of NMM3D means microwave emission from soil can reach the radiometer, which is different from the conclusion for microwave remote sensing of soil moisture based on RTE and DBA. In this paper, we implement NMM3D based on the scattered field formulation of Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations (FL). The novelty of this method is that the 3D cylindrical vector wave expansions are used in FL. The correctness of the method is verified. We implement the method on parallel computation using a large number of tall cylinders.
The Transcription Factor ZBP-89 Controls Generation of the Hematopoietic Lineage in Zebrafish and Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.

Hematopoietic development is closely linked to that of blood vessels and the two processes are regulated in large part by transcription factors that control cell fate decisions and cellular differentiation. Both blood and blood vessels derive from a common progenitor, termed the hemangioblast, but the factors specifying development and differentiation of this stem cell population into the hematopoietic and vascular lineages remain ill defined. Here we report that knockdown of the Kruppel-like zinc finger ZBP-89 (ZNF148) in zebrafish embryos results in a bloodless phenotype, caused by disruption of both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis, leaving primary blood vessel formation intact. Expression of the primitive ( Scl, Lmo2, Gata2, Gata1 ) and definitive ( Runx1, c-Myb ) hematopoietic stem cell lineage markers in ZBP-89 morphants were significantly decreased while expression of the lymphopoiesis lineage markers Ikaros and Gata3 was unaffected. These developmental HSC defects are rescued by injection of human ZBP-89 RNA, SCL RNA or ZBP-89 cDNA under control of the zebrafish Flk1 promoter. Injection of ZBP-89 RNA into cloche zebrafish embryos, which lack the hematopoietic and endothelial lineages, rescued hematopoiesis but not vasculogenesis. Overexpression of ZBP-89 in wild type zebrafish expanded hematopoietic progenitors ( Scl + , Lmo2 + , Gata1 +) but reduced the endothelial cell markers FLK1 and TIE1. Forced expression of ZBP-89 in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures also induced the expansion of hematopoietic progenitors (c-KIT+, SCA1+) and definitive hematopoietic cell population (CD45+), but inhibited sprouting angiogenesis and the CD31+, VE-Cadherin+ endothelial cell population. These findings establish a unique regulatory role for ZBP-89, positioned at the interface between early blood and blood vessel development.
Dynamic Exclusion Zones for Protecting Primary Users in Database-Driven Spectrum Sharing

In spectrum sharing, a spatial separation region is defined around a primary user (PU) where co-channel and/or adjacent channel secondary users (SUs) are not allowed to operate. This region is often called an Exclusion Zone (EZ), and it protects the PU from harmful interference caused by SUs. Unfortunately, existing methods for defining an EZ prescribe a static and an overly conservative boundary, which often leads to poor spectrum utilization efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel framework—namely, Multi-tiered dynamic Incumbent Protection Zones (MIPZ)—for prescribing interference protection for PUs. MIPZ can be used to dynamically adjust the PU’s protection boundary based on the changing radio interference environment. MIPZ can also serve as an analytical tool for quantitatively analyzing a given protection region to gain insights on and determine the trade-off between interference protection and spectrum utilization efficiency. Using results from extensive simulations and a real-world case study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of MIPZ in protecting PUs from harmful interference and in improving the overall spectrum utilization efficiency.
Enhanced optical nonlinearities under collective strong light-matter coupling

Optical microcavities and metallic nanostructures have been shown to significantly modulate the dynamics and spectroscopic response of molecular systems. We present a study of the nonlinear optics of a model consisting of $N$ anharmonic multilevel systems (e.g., Morse oscillators) undergoing collective strong coupling with a resonant infrared microcavity. We find that, under experimentally accessible conditions, molecular systems in microcavities may have nonlinear phenomena significantly intensified due to the high quality of polariton resonances and the enhanced microcavity electromagnetic energy density relative to free space. Particularly large enhancement of multiphoton absorption happens when multipolariton states are resonant with bare molecule multiphoton transitions. In particular, our model predicts two-photon absorption cross-section enhancements by several orders of magnitude relative to free space when the Rabi splitting ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{R}$ is approximately equal to the molecular anharmonic shift $2\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$. Our results provide rough upper bounds to resonant nonlinear-response enhancement factors as relaxation to dark states is treated phenomenologically. Notably, ensembles of two-level systems undergoing strong coupling with a cavity (described by the Tavis-Cummings model) show no such optical nonlinearity enhancements, highlighting the rich phenomenology afforded by multilevel anharmonic systems. Similar conclusions are expected to hold for excitonic systems that share features with our model (e.g., molecular dyes with accessible ${S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{S}_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{S}_{2}$ transitions) and strongly interact with a UV-visible cavity.
Impulsivity as a risk factor for weight gain and body roundness change among college freshmen.

Abstract Background The college setting is considered an obesogenic environment due to high availability of palatable foods. However, only a minority of freshmen gain weight. Individual-level risk factors, such as impulsivity, may hold utility in predicting weight and adiposity changes. Individuals with an impulsive decision-making style may favor immediately rewarding foods at the expense of long-term health. Individuals who seek rewarding foods during strong emotions may also be at risk. The study tested decisional (delay-discounting; DD) and emotion-driven impulsivity (urgency) as risk factors for 1) weight and 2) body roundness change during freshman year. Methods Freshmen (N = 103) completed questionnaires assessing DD, positive urgency (PU), and negative urgency (NU). Weight and body roundness index (BRI) were collected at the beginning and end of the academic year. Four repeated measures regression models examined impulsivity factors predicting change in 1) weight and 2) BRI. Models included baseline weight and height or BRI, respectively. Covariates included average daily caloric intake, energy expenditure from walking, and sex. Results In models examining weight, neither DD nor NU were significantly associated with weight at follow-up (b = 0.008, p = .977; b = 0.280, p = .075) when holding covariates constant. In contrast, PU was significantly associated with weight at follow-up (b = 0.303, p = .033). In models examining BRI, DD (b = −0.039, p = .511) and PU (b = 0.049, p = .072) were not associated with BRI at follow-up. In contrast, NU was significantly associated with BRI at follow-up (b = 0.068, p = .017). Conclusions Emotion-driven impulsivity may be a risk factor for weight gain or change in body roundness during freshman year.
When SLE Holds the Key to the Heart's Malady

Background Lupus is known as the great masquerader for its myriad manifestations. Men comprise only 10% of adult lupus patients. Myopericarditis is seen infrequently with an incidence of 9% and more commonly in African Americans. Case A 32 year old Caucasian male came to the ED for worsening dyspnea. History was notable for hair loss, a facial rash, occasional pleuritic chest pain and weight loss. Hemoglobin: 9.5 mg/dl, creatinine: 1.1 mg/dl and pro-BNP: 43,448 pg/ml. UA revealed hematuria and proteinuria. ECG showed sinus tachycardia with non-specific T wave changes. CXR showed bilateral pleural effusions. Echo revealed an EF of 24% with a dilated and globally hypokinetic LV, mitral regurgitation and a small pericardial effusion. Decision Making His presentation of multi-system involvement tipped further investigation of systemic illnesses. ANA, DSDNA were positive with low C3 and C4. CMR was consistent with myopericarditis and endomyocardial biopsy confirmed this. He was treated with pulse dose steroids and rituximab before transitioning to mycophenolate. 1 month follow up echo showed improvement in LV function with EF of 47%. Conclusion A thorough history was key to identifying the atypical presentation of lupus in this young Caucasian male presenting with heart failure. This case highlights one of few scenarios where immunosuppressive therapy is used in Cardiology. Advancements in multimodal imaging mean such complex diagnoses will be detected more, emphasizing the need to familiarize ourselves with such treatments to best serve our patients.
Developing Validity Evidence for a Patient- and Family-Centered Rounds Presenter Empowerment Action Rating Tool

Abstract Background Training in patient- and family-centered care is endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) for learners. The AAP recommends patient- and family-centered rounds (PFCR) during inpatient care. The PEA-21 (21-item Presenter Empowerment Action checklist) was developed to evaluate presenter behavior during PFCR. Objective To gather validity evidence for the PEA-21 in evaluating third year medical student and intern presentations during PFCR in the domains of Data Accuracy, Communication Skills, Assessment and Plan Formation, and Family Interaction. Methods A 24-month prospective cohort study of students and interns presenting on PFCR. Content, response process, internal structure, and relationship with other variables were assessed. Results Data were collected from 101 rounds (758 individual patient encounters), both on pediatric subspecialty and hospital medicine teams. Presenters included third and fourth-year medical students and interns in pediatrics, internal medicine-pediatrics, and family-medicine. Intraclass correlations between observers ranged from 0.5-0.72. Internal consistency showed α > 0.7 for 3 of 4 domains. Interns scored higher than students across domains (p Conclusions The PEA-21 showed strong validity properties including content, response process, internal structure, and relationship with other variables and can be used by educators to assess learners’ skill levels and provide formative feedback to both medical students and interns. Targeted efforts are needed to improve skills within the Family Interaction Domain for both medical students and interns.
Outcomes of Dorsal Distal Radial, Radial, and Ulnar Artery Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Ultrasound Guidance in Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Abstract Ultrasound utilization during access enables precise vessel cannulation. We sought to evaluate the outcomes of ultrasound guided dorsal distal radial artery (DDRA), radial, and ulnar cardiac catheterization (CC) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We performed a prospective observational study of 224 patients (58 ± 12 years) at an academic medical center from October 2016 to March 2020 (median follow-up of 13 months) and compared the outcomes of ultrasound guided DDRA, ulnar, or radial artery CC and PCI. Groups were divided into DDRA (n = 18, 8.0%), ulnar (n = 94, 42.0%) and radial access (n = 112, 50.0%). Primary endpoints included the number of access attempts and conversion to femoral access. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, repeat revascularization, stent thrombosis, in-stent restenosis, and access site complications. In the primary endpoints, no significant difference was found amongst groups in the number of access attempts (P = 0.272) or conversion to femoral access (P = 0.381). In the radial group (59 ± 11 years, median follow-up of 16 months), 2 cardiac mortalities (1 lymphocytic myocarditis, 1 AMI) and 2 noncardiac mortalities occurred. None of the secondary endpoints occurred in the DDRA (66 ± 17 years, median follow-up of 13 months) or ulnar group (56 ± 11 years, median follow-up of 14 months). DDRA and ulnar PCI was safe and efficacious with no complications. Femoral conversion or the number of access attempts was not different between DDRA, ulnar, or radial. Therefore, DDRA and ulnar are viable alternatives for PCI, which can preserve radial for future use.
Associations of Angiopoietins With Heart Failure Incidence and Severity.

Abstract Background Angiopoietin-1 and 2 (Ang1, Ang2) are important mediators of angiogenesis. Angiopoietin levels are perturbed in cardiovascular disease, but it is unclear whether angiopoietin signaling is causative, an adaptive response, or merely epiphenomenon of disease activity. Methods and Results In a cohort free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [MESA]), relationships between angiopoietins, cardiac morphology, and subsequent incidence of heart failure or cardiovascular death were evaluated. In cohorts with pulmonary arterial hypertension or left heart disease, associations between angiopoietins, invasive hemodynamics, and adverse clinical outcomes were evaluated. In MESA, Ang2 was associated with a higher incidence of heart failure or cardiovascular death (hazard ratio 1.21 per standard deviation, P Conclusions Ang2 was associated with incident heart failure or death among adults without cardiovascular disease at baseline and with disease severity in individuals with existing heart failure. Our finding that Ang2 is increased before disease onset and that elevations reflect disease severity, suggests Ang2 may contribute to heart failure pathogenesis.
Schrödinger Equations on Compact Globally Symmetric Spaces

In this article, we establish scale-invariant Strichartz estimates for the Schrodinger equation on arbitrary compact globally symmetric spaces and some bilinear Strichartz estimates on products of rank-one spaces. As applications, we provide local well-posedness results for nonlinear Schrodinger equations on such spaces in both subcritical and critical regularities.
Antiretroviral Tenofovir Induces Senescence-Associated β-Galactosidase Activity in Primary Human Brain Vascular Cells in Multi-Layer Three-Dimensional Co-Culture.

Introduction In the current context of early diagnosis of HIV infection, immediate initiation of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, and lifelong chronic treatment, the potential ARV toxicity is of particular concern. Emtricitabine (FTC) and tenofovir (TFV) are commonly used as backbone drugs in ARV regimens recommended for initial therapy of HIV infection. Here we assessed the effects of FTC and TFV exposure on senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, a marker of cellular senescence, in human brain vascular cells. Design Multi-layer three-dimensional cell co-cultures and in vitro assays. Methods To mimic the small vessel wall structure in vivo, three types of primary human brain vascular cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes) were co-cultured on three Alvetex Scaffold disks placed on top of each other in order (three-layer three-dimensional cell co-cultures) and exposed to clinically relevant concentrations of ARV drugs (FTC, TFV, or FTC+TFV combination) or vehicle for eight days (four or five biological replicates per condition, 18 replicates totally). The SA-β-Gal activity was quantitatively assayed in vitro by using the chemiluminescent Galacto-Star System (T1012; Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) in 54 protein lysates extracted from individual cell-culture disks. Three-factor analysis of variance (cell type, FTC, TFV) was used to assess differences in the SA-β-Gal activity levels normalized by the corresponding total protein concentrations. Results There was a trend for the FTC by TFV interaction effect on SA-β-Gal activity (P = 0.058). The effects of FTC and TFV were not significantly different among the three cell types. The overall effect of FTC was not significant when controlling for TFV and cell type. The overall effect of TFV was significant when controlling for FTC and cell type (F(1,48) = 30.61, P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.389). In the absence of FTC, TFV raised SA-β-Gal activity by 0.631 units on average, regardless of cell type (P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.368). In the presence of FTC, TFV raised SA-β-Gal activity by 0.303 units on average, regardless of cell type (P = 0.015, partial η2 = 0.118). Conclusion Our preliminary findings suggest that primary human brain vascular cells exposed to TFV at clinically relevant concentrations undergo cellular senescence. This potential adverse effect of TFV should be further studied in animal models of HIV infection.
Adequacy of cerebral vascular remodeling following three weeks of hypobaric hypoxia. Examined by an integrated composite analytical model

Chronic exposure to moderate hypoxia is associated with considerable remodeling of the cerebral microvascular network. In rats exposed to hypobaric (0.5 ATM) hypoxia, cortical microvessel density increases to 171% of controls within the first week. Peak density is reached within two weeks. The increase in hematocrit follows a similar time course. Although the hemodynamic acclimation appears to complete after two weeks, levels of cortical metabolites, obtained after three weeks of exposure, suggest O2 insufficiency at rest. Increased lactate and slightly decreased glycogen concentrations within the brain, along with increased glucose consumption are consistent with an increased dependence on anaerobic glycolysis for energy production. Whatever the production mechanisms, the restored ATP and phosphocreatine levels indicate the energy demand is being met.
Berber Culture on the World Stage: From Village to Video

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Jane Goodman Year: 2005 Pages: 256 Publisher: Indiana University Press ISBN: 0253346290 (hard cover). Prices: $65.00 US(hard cover).
Antioxidants and Diabetes

Overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the common link between the various pathways of glucotoxicity. The increased oxidative byproducts in diabetes are the re
Pole Placement using Projective Controls and LQ Modification

A method for solving the output regulator problem by using projective controls was reported by Medanic. Using this method reigenvalues of the state feedback closed-loop system can be retained where r is the number of the outputs. The rest of the eigenvalues can be unstable. In this paper the LQ modification will be used to stabilize the unstable poles.
Chromosomes: Methods for Preparation

Visualization of the genome is possible within a short time frame during a cell division, the metaphase stage. Chromosomes can be arrested, fixed and used for the analysis. Keywords: chromosome; preparation; diagnostics; genetic disease; cancer
Superconducting MHD Magnet Engineering Program

MHD has the potential to become the first large-scale commercial application of superconductivity. Recent accomplishments of the DOE/MHD development program have shown this fossil-fueled power generation technique to be capable of higher efficiencies and lower-per-kilowatt-hour cost than any other near-term technology.
Transforming Growth Factor β Isoform-specific Differences in Interactions with Type I and II Transforming Growth Factor β Receptors

Here we describe human colon carcinoma cell clones, isolated from a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-responsive parental cell line, which display differential sensitivities to TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 isoforms. In a monolayer proliferation assay, some clones were sensitive to both isoforms (IC50 = 0.1-0.6 ng/ml; S1S2) while others were resistant to both isoforms (IC50 > 5 ng/ml; R1R2). Still other clones (R1S2) were sensitive to TGF-beta 2 (IC50 = 0.1-0.2 ng/ml), but were resistant to TGF-beta 1 (IC50 > or = 5 ng/ml). In S1S2 cells, both TGF-beta isoforms resulted in a repression of c-myc mRNA expression, a concentration-dependent increase in fibronectin levels, and an enhanced production of the colon cell differentiation marker carcinoembryonic antigen. In contrast, R1R2 cells did not display these responses, or did so only to a limited extent. In R1S2 cells, TGF-beta 2 elicited these responses, yet TGF-beta 1 was essentially without effect. Receptor cross-linking experiments indicated that TGF-beta resistance in this model system was not generally associated with a complete lack of expression of either type I or II receptors. Moreover, the R1S2 type clones were heterogeneous, although the majority of them displayed binding to type I receptors by TGF-beta 2 but not by TGF-beta 1. These data suggest that either the TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 isoforms differ with respect to their ability to interact with the type I and II classes of receptors, or the TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 isoforms can interact with distinct receptor proteins of the type I and II classes in this model system.
Retire the Concept of “Relapse”

Addiction treatment has suffered from perfectionism. We have imagined only two possible outcomes: success or failure, with the latter defined as relapse (to fall back into a former state). Although...
Time-varying correlations between delta EEG power and heart rate variability in midlife women: The SWAN Sleep Study

No studies have evaluated the dynamic, time-varying, relationship between delta electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep and high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) in women. Delta EEG and HF-HRV were measured during sleep in 197 midlife women (Mage =52.1, SD =2.2). Delta EEG-HF-HRV correlations in Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep were modeled as whole night averages and as continuous functions of time. The whole-night delta EEG-HF-HRV correlation was positive. Strongest correlations were observed during the first NREM sleep period preceding and following peak delta power. Time-varying correlations between delta EEG-HF-HRV were stronger in participants with sleep-disordered breathing and self-reported insomnia compared to healthy controls. The dynamic interplay between sleep and autonomic activity can be modeled across the night to examine within- and between-participant differences including individuals with and without sleep disorders.