cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mating behavior of Florinda coccinea (Hentz) (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

We studied the courtship and copulation ofFlorinda coccinea (Hentz) and described 18 behavioral acts for this species.F. coccinea exhibits many behaviors typical of the Linyphiidae such as web reduction, abdominal vibration, palpal jabbing, stridulation, pseudocopulation, and prolonged copulation. The numbers of palpal insertions during pseudocopulation and copulation are positively correlated to the durations of these phases. Pseudocopulation requires over three times more time on average than copulation, although females copulate longer than is required for fertilization. We found no correlation between the durations of pseudocopulation or copulation and fitness characters, and we hypothesize that lengthy pseudocopulation and copulation may function as a form of internal courtship.
Beam Line Design, Beam Alignment Procedure, and Initial Results for the $W$ -Band Gain Experiment at Los Alamos

A gain experiment was performed at Los Alamos using a 120-keV 2-A cylindrical electron beam with a ridged waveguide slow-wave structure at 94 GHz, demonstrating 22 dB of amplification through a traveling-wave interaction. The structure was planar with a gap of 0.75 mm and a length of 5 cm. The 2-A electron beam was confined in a 3.2-kG axial magnetic field, with roughly a 0.5-mm diameter. The electron beam was aligned along the magnetic axis of the solenoid by scribing out its cyclotron motion on a novel optical diagnostic using a procedure that depends on varying the solenoidal field strength. The transport through the structure was verified by letting the beam drill holes in a series of thin metallic foils before insertion of the structure
Portable Emission Measurement System for Emissions of Passenger Rail Locomotives

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a method for measuring passenger railroad locomotive emissions with the use of a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) based on rail yard load tests of three locomotives, including one GP40 and two F59PHIs. These locomotives have mechanically governed diesel prime mover engines (PMEs) with an approximately 3,000-hp output. Each locomotive has a head end power (HEP) engine that produces approximately 600 hp for generating electricity used in the passenger cars. The engine measurements were based on ultralow sulfur diesel fuel. Each engine was instrumented to measure manifold absolute pressure, engine revolutions per minute, intake air temperature, and exhaust concentrations of selected gases and particles. These data were used to quantify exhaust and fuel flow. The exhaust concentrations of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter were measured. The PMEs are operated at each of many throttle notch settings. F...
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Controls Peripheral Immune Tolerance

Adaptive immunity requires signals from both the TCR and the costimulatory molecule CD28. These receptors activate multiple signaling pathways, including the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) cascade, and antigenic signals in the absence of costimulation result in a tolerant state that is enforced by the CDK inhibitory protein p27kip1. We find that CDK2, the major target of p27kip1, is highly active in T cells that infiltrate and reject cardiac allografts. We used mice genetically deficient for CDK2 to determine whether CDK2 is required for T cell alloimmunity. Blockade of CD28 costimulation alone was unable to inhibit the rejection of cardiac allografts by wild-type recipients. However, targeting this pathway in CDK2-deficient recipients led to long-term allograft survival. CDK2-deficient CD4 + T cells proliferated normally in response to stimulation in vitro and in vivo, however, genetic, short hairpin RNA, or small molecule–mediated antagonism of CDK2 resulted in decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. In addition, surviving grafts from CDK2-deficient recipients showed increased infiltration of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Treg), and Treg from CDK2-deficient mice exhibited increased suppressive activity in vitro and in an in vivo model of inflammatory bowel disease. These data suggest that p27kip1 promotes peripheral tolerance through its ability to inhibit CDK2, which otherwise acts to promote conventional T cell differentiation and restrict Treg function.
The walnut system: A large capacity document storage and retrieval system

This report describes a prototype information system being developed by the IBM Advanced Systems Development Division for the Central Intelligence Agency. Using conventional 35-millimeter film and IBM Descriptor Cards or Paper Tape as input, the system houses both the index and abstracts of documents as well as microimages of the documents themselves. There are no plans to market this particular system commercially. Out of this effort, however, technology will emerge that will no doubt influence the design and fabrication of future 1/R Systems.
The Presence of Alpha Interferon at the Time of Infection Alters the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most devastating and costly diseases to the swine industry worldwide. Overall, the adaptive immune response to PRRS virus (PRRSV) is weak, which results in delayed elimination of virus from the host and inferior vaccine protection. PRRSV has been shown to induce a meager alpha interferon (IFN-α) response, and we hypothesized that elevated IFN-α levels early in infection would shorten the induction time and increase elements of the adaptive immune response. To test this, we measured both antibody and cell-mediated immunity in pigs after the administration of a nonreplicating human adenovirus type 5 vector expressing porcine IFN-α (Ad5–pIFN-α) at the time of PRRSV infection and compared the results to those for pigs infected with PRRSV alone. Viremia was delayed, and there was a decrease in viral load in the sera of pigs administered the Ad5–pIFN-α. Although seroconversion was slightly delayed in pigs receiving Ad5–pIFN-α, probably due to the early reduction in viral replication, little difference in the overall or neutralizing antibody response was seen. However, there was an increase in the number of virus-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells detected in the pigs receiving Ad5–pIFN-α, as well as an altered cytokine profile in the lung at 14 days postinfection, indicating that the presence of IFN-α at the time of infection can alter innate and adaptive immune responses to PRRSV.
Partitioning of biomass in water‐ and nitrogen‐stressed cotton during pre‐bloom stage

Abstract The partitioning of biomass between aboveground parts and roots, and between vegetative and reproductive plant parts plays a major role in determining the ability of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to produce a crop in a given environment. We evaluated the single and combined effects of water and N supply on the partitioning of biomass in cotton plants exposed to two N supply levels, 0 and 12 mM of N, and two water regimes, well irrigated and water‐stressed at an early reproductive stage. The N treatments began when the third true leaf was visible, while water deficit treatments were imposed over the N treatments when the plants were transferred into controlled‐environment chambers at a leaf area near 0.05 m2. Both water deficits and N deficits inhibited total biomass accumulation and its partitioning in cotton. Water deficit alone and N deficit alone inhibited the growth of leaves, petioles, and branches, but did not inhibit growth of the stem and enhanced the accumulation of biomass in squares. ...
Detoxified Lethal Toxin as a Potential Mucosal Vaccine against Anthrax

The nontoxic mutant lethal factor (mLF; which has the E687C substitution) and functional protective antigen (PA63) of Bacillus anthracis were evaluated for their use as mucosal vaccines against anthrax in A/J mice. Intranasal vaccination of three doses of 30 μg of mLF or 60 μg of PA63 elicited significant serum and mucosal antibody responses, with anthrax lethal toxin-neutralizing titers of 40 and 60 in immune sera, respectively. However, only 30% and 60% of the vaccinated animals in the two groups could survive a challenge with 100 times the 50% lethal dose of B. anthracis Sterne spores, respectively. In contrast, vaccination with three doses of the combination of 30 μg of mLF and 60 μg of PA63, the detoxified lethal toxin, elicited antibody responses against LF and PA significantly higher than those elicited after vaccination with mLF or PA63 individually by use of the same dose and schedule. Vaccination with the detoxified lethal toxin resulted in significantly higher lethal toxin-neutralizing antibody titers in sera (titer, 90). Animals vaccinated with three doses of the detoxified lethal toxin were completely protected against the spore challenge. The data suggest that mLF and PA63 have a mutual enhancement effect for evoking systemic and mucosal immune responses and that the detoxified lethal toxin can be used as an efficient mucosal vaccine against anthrax.
Collateral Circulation and Repo Spreads

I develop a dynamic model of collateral circulation in a repo market, where a continuum of institutions borrow from and lend to one another against illiquid collateral. The model emphasizes an important tradeoff. On one hand, easier collateral circulation makes repos liquid and increases steady state investment through several multiplier effects, improving economic efficiency. On the other hand, it can harm financial stability because less capital is sitting on the sidelines waiting for investment opportunities. This fragility is further exacerbated by the endogenous repo spread through a positive feedback loop, and can result in an inefficient repo run. The model is relevant for understanding the repo markets during the financial crisis of 2008.
SR-Like RNA-Binding Protein Slr1 Affects Candida albicans Filamentation and Virulence

Candida albicans causes both mucosal and disseminated infections, and its capacity to grow as both yeast and hyphae is a key virulence factor. Hyphal formation is a type of polarized growth, and members of the SR (serine-arginine) family of RNA-binding proteins influence polarized growth of both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans. Therefore, we investigated whether SR-like proteins affect filamentous growth and virulence of C. albicans. BLAST searches with S. cerevisiae SR-like protein Npl3 (ScNpl3) identified two C. albicans proteins: CaNpl3, an apparent ScNpl3 ortholog, and Slr1, another SR-like RNA-binding protein with no close S. cerevisiae ortholog. Whereas ScNpl3 was critical for growth, deletion of NPL3 in C. albicans resulted in few phenotypic changes. In contrast, the slr1Δ/Δ mutant had a reduced growth rate in vitro, decreased filamentation, and impaired capacity to damage epithelial and endothelial cells in vitro. Mice infected intravenously with the slr1Δ/Δ mutant strain had significantly prolonged survival compared to that of mice infected with the wild-type or slr1Δ/Δ mutant complemented with SLR1 (slr1Δ/Δ+SLR1) strain, without a concomitant decrease in kidney fungal burden. Histopathology, however, revealed differential localization of slr1Δ/Δ hyphal and yeast morphologies within the kidney. Mice infected with slr1Δ/Δ cells also had an increased brain fungal burden, which correlated with increased invasion of brain, but not umbilical vein, endothelial cells in vitro. The enhanced brain endothelial cell invasion was likely due to the increased surface exposure of the Als3 adhesin on slr1Δ/Δ cells. Our results indicate that Slr1 is an SR-like protein that influences C. albicans growth, filamentation, host cell interactions, and virulence.
Good decisions, bad decisions: the interaction of process and outcome in evaluations of decision quality

Process‐based considerations are generally accepted by experts and analysts as being the fundamental drivers of decision quality. However, little work has been done to account for the role of a risk management decision’s outcome as a key driver of the public judgments about decision quality. To this end, the objective of the research reported here was straightforward to determine – via an experiment – the relative importance of decision‐making process and the associated outcome in lay evaluations of decision quality. Our results demonstrate that people seem to have a difficult time unpacking decision‐making processes, even ones they strongly prefer, from their associated outcomes when evaluating decision quality. From a practical standpoint, our results cast doubt on the generally accepted belief that participatory and deliberative decision‐making processes (e.g., for risk management) will – on their own – contribute to positive evaluations of decision quality.
An annular plaque due to Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in a patient with AIDS

Infections with mycobacteria are of importance in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions in immunocompromised patients. We report the case of a human immunodeficency virus (HIV)-infected patient who presented with an annular plaque as cutaneous manifestation of Mycobacterium haemophilum. Improvement of the immunologic status is important for successful treatment. Complete resolution was only observed when the antimycobacterial therapy was combined with antiretroviral therapy.
The differential lead--a new approach to esophageal manometry.

The differential lead which measures the difference in pressure between two points of the gastrointestinal tract is described as a new method of studying esophageal motility. Normal differential lead complexes are depicted and the configurations of abnormal tracings obtained in various esophageal diseases are described. The differential lead readily distinguishes simultaneous from peristaltic contractions, measures sphincteric strength in reference to both gastric and esophageal pressures, locates the position of the diaphragm in regard to high pressure zone, eliminates respiratory and other artifacts, and has been a useful addition in our hands in interpretation of esophageal motor disorders.
Extracting article text from the web with maximum subsequence segmentation

Much of the information on the Web is found in articles from online news outlets, magazines, encyclopedias, review collections, and other sources. However, extracting this content from the original HTML document is complicated by the large amount of less informative and typically unrelated material such as navigation menus, forms, user comments, and ads. Existing approaches tend to be either brittle and demand significant expert knowledge and time (manual or tool-assisted generation of rules or code), necessitate labeled examples for every different page structure to be processed (wrapper induction), require relatively uniform layout (template detection), or, as with Visual Page Segmentation (VIPS), are computationally expensive. We introduce maximum subsequence segmentation, a method of global optimization over token-level local classifiers, and apply it to the domain of news websites. Training examples are easy to obtain, both learning and prediction are linear time, and results are excellent (our semi-supervised algorithm yields an overall F1-score of 97.947%), surpassing even those produced by VIPS with a hypothetical perfect block-selection heuristic. We also evaluate against the recent CleanEval shared task with surprisingly good cross-task performance cleaning general web pages, exceeding the top "text-only" score (based on Levenshtein distance), 87.8% versus 84.1%.
Performability analysis of a pipeline software architecture

An architecture style defines a commonly occurring pattern of the structural organization of components and connectors such that the impact of the pattern on the different non functional attributes is known. It is possible to make a qualitative assessment of whether a specific style is conducive to the nonfunctional attribute of performance based on the knowledge and experience in the use of the style. It is necessary however, that such a qualitative judgment be substantiated by a quantitative estimate obtained using a systematic performance analysis approach, since architecture styles are likely to be used in domains where application performance will play a critical role in ensuring its widespread use. Recognizing this need, several research efforts have focused on the development of quantitative performance analysis approaches for general purpose software architectures as well as for architecture styles. A notable drawback of the existing approaches is that they do not consider failures of components and connectors and hence provide optimistic performance estimates. In this paper we present a performability analysis approach for a pipeline architecture style which accounts for unreliable components. The performance estimate provided by the proposed approach is more realistic than what can be provided by the prevalent approaches. We illustrate the potential of the approach with an industrial case study of a document analysis system.
Serum Fructosamine Concentration in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Cats

— Differentiating transient hyperglycemia from diabetic hyperglycemia can be difficult in cats since single blood glucose measurements reflect only momentary glucose concentrations, and values may be elevated because of stress-induced hyperglycemia. Glycated protein measurements serve as monitors of longer-term glycemic control in human diabetics. Using an automated nitroblue tetrazolium assay, fructosamine concentration was measured in serum from 24 healthy control cats and 3 groups of hospitalized cats: 32 euglycemic, 19 transiently hyperglycemic, and 12 diabetic cats. Fructosamine concentrations ranged from 2.1–3.8 mmol/L in clinically healthy cats; 1.1–3.5 mmol/L in euglycemic cats; 2.0–4.1 mmol/L in transiently hyperglycemic cats; and 3.4 to > 6.0 mmol/L in diabetic cats. Values for within-run precision at 2 fructosamine concentrations (2.64 mmol/L and 6.13 mmol/L) were 1.5% and 1.3%, respectively. Between-run coefficient of variation was 3.8% at a fructosamine concentration of 1.85 mmol/L. The mean fructosamine concentration for the diabetic group differed significantly (P = 0.0001) from the mean concentrations of the other 3 groups. Poorly regulated or newly diagnosed diabetic cats tended to have the highest fructosamine values, whereas well-regulated or over-regulated diabetic cats had values approaching the reference range. As a single test for differentiating nondiabetic cats from diabetic cats, fructosamine was very sensitive (92%) and specific (96%), with a positive predictive value of 85% and a negative predictive value of 98%. Serum fructosamine concentration shows promise as an inexpensive, adjunct diagnostic tool for differentiating transiently hyperglycemic cats from poorly controlled diabetic cats. (Vet Clin Pathol 27:34–39, 1998)
What'S new: The role of chaotropic salts in two‐phase gene diagnosis

The preparation of samples for gene diagnosis is time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly. These problems can be overcome by dissolving a biological source in a strong solution of a chaotropic salt, then filtering the solution through an immobilizing membrane. Conditions exist for causing the selective immobilization of either DNA or mRNA. The resultant membrane is immediately ready for reaction with labeled gene probes.
A process-independent run-to-run controller and its application to chemical-mechanical planarization

The controller design utilizes a Generic Cell Controller (GCC) enabler; thus it is process-independent, and the controller implementation software exhibits a high degree of portability, flexibility, robustness, and reusability. The design also includes a multi-branch R2R control scheme that can incorporate any number of controller algorithms in a complementary fashion. Further, it provides support for data collection, R2R recipe optimization and control, and recipe advice download. The controller implementation is largely hardware and software independent; its operation has been demonstrated on SUN SPARC, Intel 486 and Pentium, and HP PA-RISC platforms. It has a capability to incorporate in dynamic fashion (i.e., during run-time) any number of software modules existing on any of the aforementioned platforms within a distributed environment, resulting in a truly dynamic and distributed solution. The implementation was initially applied to the control of a reactive ion etcher (RIE). More recently it has also been successfully applied to the R2R control of a CMP tool, thus demonstrating process independence. The latter application utilizes a "gradual mode" MIMO linear approximation control algorithm developed at MIT, enhanced to support parameter weighting and advice parameter granularity. Recent results indicate that good control of removal rate with fair control of uniformity has been achieved. Current efforts are focused on development of additional algorithm "branches" to complement the gradual mode control, and on the reduction of process variance through real-time equipment monitoring.
A pilot study of the effect of cholesterol measurement on the eating patterns of adolescents

Epidemiologic research demonstrates that a diet high in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol is linked to elevated cholesterol levels and increased risk for heart disease in adults. It is thought that this relationship also holds true for children and adolescents. The literature shows strong support for combining instruction strategies with cardiovascular risk factor screening within the educational setting. Reasons cited include: enhancing the effectiveness of classroom curriculum in achieving health behavior modification; presenting a motivational component; providing important physiological feedback; and offering norm-creating potential. Teaching the adolescent the importance of controlling blood cholesterol through a low-fat diet can be difficult, but producing a change in behavior can be even more challenging. The purpose of this project was to determine whether or not incorporating a cholesterol measurement into instructional strategies would enhance learning. Project objectives included: 1) increasing students' knowledge of the health effects of a high blood cholesterol; and 2) promoting a change in dietary behaviors related to low-fat dietary choices.
3-Trifluoromethyl-3-aryldiazirine photolabels with enhanced ambient light stability

Ambient light stable 3-trifluoromethyl-3-aryldiazirine photolabels are developed via stabilization of the strained three membered diazirine ring by replacing the phenyl ring with electron withdrawing heterocyclic rings. Photolabeling studies reveal that these ambient light stable photolabels are equally efficient in photolabeling target proteins as the traditional 3-trifluoromethyl-3-phenyldiazirine and found to significantly increase the aqueous solubility of the photoaffinity labels.
TimeTrader: exploiting latency tail to save datacenter energy for online search

Online Search (OLS) is a key component of many popular Internet services. Datacenters running OLS consume significant amounts of energy. However, reducing their energy is challenging due to their tight response time requirements. A key aspect of OLS is that each user query goes to all or many of the nodes in the cluster, so that the overall time budget is dictated by the tail of the replies' latency distribution; replies see latency variations both in the network and compute. Previous work proposes to achieve load-proportional energy by slowing down the computation at lower datacenter loads based directly on response times (i.e., at lower loads, the proposal exploits the average slack in the time budget provisioned for the peak load). In contrast, we propose TimeTrader to reduce energy by exploiting the latency slack in the sub-critical replies which arrive before the deadline (e.g., 80% of replies are 3–4× faster than the tail). This slack is present at all loads and subsumes the previous work's load-related slack. While the previous work shifts the leaves' response time distribution to consume the slack at lower loads, TimeTrader reshapes the distribution at all loads by slowing down individual sub-critical nodes without increasing missed deadlines. TimeTrader exploits slack in both the network and compute budgets. Further, TimeTrader leverages Earliest Deadline First scheduling to largely decouple critical requests from the queuing delays of sub-critical requests which can then be slowed down without hurting critical requests. A combination of real-system measurements and at-scale simulations shows that without adding to missed deadlines, TimeTrader saves 15% and 40% energy at 90% and 30% loading, respectively, in a datacenter with 512 nodes, whereas previous work saves 0% and 30%. Further, as a proof-of-concept, we build a small-scale real implementation to evaluate TimeTrader and show 10–30% energy savings.
Small-Cell Lung Cancer: New Directions for Systemic Therapy.

The outcomes for patients with lung cancer have improved considerably over the past two decades. This has been due to the development of novel treatment approaches, a better understanding of disease biology, and, more recently, the emergence of immunotherapy as an effective option. However, for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), the treatment paradigms have largely remained the same for a long time. This status quo has not been for the lack of studying novel strategies but is mainly because several new therapies, combinations, and targeted agents have failed to demonstrate a benefit for patients with SCLC. Almquist and Ganti provided an excellent review on the treatment of limitedstage SCLC. Nearly one third of patients diagnosed with SCLC have limited-stage disease, which is potentially curable with definitive combined-modality therapy. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy administered concurrently with thoracic radiotherapy, followed by prophylactic cranial radiation, remains the standard practice for patients with good performance status. Although the use of hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy given in two fractions per day is considered the standard approach, its adoption has been challenged by practical and logistical realities for individual patients and care providers. Therefore, radiotherapy is given in conventional once-daily fractions at a comparable biologic dose. The use of higher-dose radiotherapy was not successful over conventional-dose radiotherapy in a phase III study of patients with locally advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (RTOG 0617). Based on these data, it appears that improvement of systemic therapy has the best potential to increase survival for patients with SCLC. For extensive-stage SCLC, systemic chemotherapy results in high response rates, but the duration of benefit is modest, and effective salvage therapies are unavailable. Administration of chemotherapy concurrently with molecularly targeted agents, such as antiangiogenic agents, hedgehog pathway inhibitors, and insulinlike growth factor receptor inhibitors, has failed to improve treatment outcomes. Consequently, more recent efforts to identify novel targets have focused on understanding the genomic landscape of SCLC, which is characterized by a high incidence of p53 mutation and RB1 loss. Because these are loss-of-function mutations, they are not amenable to conventional targeted strategies. For patients with certain driver mutations, interrupting the relevant molecular pathways is being pursued as a therapeutic strategy in ongoing studies. However, the high mutation burden observed in SCLC tumors renders modulation of any specific pathway less likely to result in meaningful clinical benefits. Novel combination approaches targeting multiple pathways are a potential way forward for certain dominant oncogenic events.
Bayesian Epidemic Detection in Multiple Populations

Traditional epidemic detection algorithms make decisions using only local information. We propose a novel approach that explicitly models spatial information fusion from several metapopulations. Our method also takes into account cost-benet considerations regarding the announcement of epidemic. We utilize a compartmental stochastic model within a Bayesian detection framework which leads to a dynamic optimization problem. The resulting adaptive, nonparametric detection strategy optimally balances detection delay vis-a-vis probability of false alarms. Taking advantage of the underlying state-space structure, we represent the stopping rule in terms of a detection map which visualizes the relationship between the multivariate system state and policy making. It also allows us to obtain an ecient simulation-based solution algorithm that is based on the Sequential Regression Monte Carlo (SRMC) approach of Gramacy and Ludkovski (SIFIN, 2015). We illustrate our results on synthetic examples and also quantify the advantages of our adaptive detection relative to conventional threshold-based strategies.
The effects of fundus photography on the multifocal electroretinogram

To determine the effect of flash fundus photography (FFP) on the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). Ten subjects underwent mfERG testing on three separate dates. Subjects received either mfERG without FFP, mfERG at 5 and 15 min after FFP, or mfERG at 30 and 45 min after FFP on each date. The FFP groups received 10 fundus photographs followed by mfERG testing, first of the right eye then of the left eye 10 min later. Data were averaged and analyzed in six concentric rings at each time point. Average amplitude and implicit times of the N1, P1, and N2 peaks for each concentric ring at each time point after FFP were compared to baseline. Flash fundus photography did not lead to a significant change of amplitude or implicit times of N1, P1, or N2 at 5 min after light exposure. These findings suggest that it is acceptable to perform mfERG testing without delay after performance of FFP.
Influence of Irrigation Practices on the Spatial Distribution of Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Eggs in the Soil

The spatial distribution of western (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, and northern (NCR), D. longicornis barberi Smith and Lawrence, corn rootworm eggs in the soil was studied in eastern Nebraska under three types of water management systems for 5 years. Eggs were found deeper in the soil under dry conditions. The upper 10 cm of soil contained ca. 80% of the corn rootworm eggs in irrigated fields and ca. 45% in the dryland fields. Eggs were detected to a depth of 35 cm in nonirrigated fields. Under both irrigated and dryland conditions, WCR tended to oviposit more eggs between corn rows rather than in rows. The NCR oviposited significantly more eggs within the corn row in irrigated fields, but only slightly more were found in the rows of dryland fields. Generally, the WCR oviposited deeper in the soil than the NCR.
The topical and systemic use of corticosteroids in the treatment of skin disease.

(1958). The Topical and Systemic Use of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Skin Disease. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 379-392.
Relationship between level of HbA1C and breast cancer.

Background Diabetes and cancer are public health issues worldwide; studies have shown that diabetes is related to increased breast cancer mortality. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between HbA1C and obesity with tumor stage and mortality among breast cancer patients.
Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis. A case report and review of musculoskeletal manifestations.

We are presenting the case of a patient who had another rare cause of painful contractures of the joints in infancy ― namely, juvenile hyaline fibromatosis. To our knowledge, this etiology has not been previously mentioned in the orthopaedic literature
Captopril augments the renal response to an amino acid infusion in diabetic adults

This study examined whether patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and normal renal function have an altered response to an amino acid infusion when they are pretreated with a converting-enzyme inhibitor. Three groups of adults received amino acid infusions for 20 min on two occasions separated by a 240-min interval. Groups 1 (6 normals) and 2 (6 diabetics) ingested captopril (12.5 mg) 120 min before starting the second infusion. Group 3 (4 diabetics) did not receive captopril. Diabetics had normal base-line renal plasma flow, as indicated by para-aminohippuric acid clearance (CPAH), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In group 1, the maximum increase in CPAH was significant and similar with both infusions, 23 +/- 5 vs. 15 +/- 3% (SE); maximal changes in GFR were also significant and similar, 20 +/- 5 vs. 20 +/- 6%. In Group 2, the maximal increase in CPAH and GFR with the first infusion was 28 +/- 7 and 23 +/- 6%, respectively. After captopril, the increases in CPAH and GFR were significantl...
Immunologic Studies of Antihemophilic Factor (AHF, Factor VIII). III. Comparative Binding Properties of Human and Rabbit Anti-AHF

The binding properties of human and rabbit antibodies to antihemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII) have been compared in experiments that sought the basis for their different specificities and secondary properties. Agarose gel filtration demonstrated the formation of stable complexes of AHF with rabbit anti-AHF but not with human anti-AHF. Measurement of bound radiolabeled rabbit anti-AHF provides a very sensitive assay for the AHF antigen that is present in normal and hemophilic plasmas but that is markedly reduced in plasmas from patients with von Willebrand’s disease.
Four Challenges for TTIP Regulatory Cooperation

Few regulatory developments over the past five years hold greater potential significance than the February 2013 decision of the United States and the European Union to begin negotiating a formal regulatory partnership agreement as part of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Since then delegates from the US and EU have met more than ten times to try to find ways to eliminate or reduce the divergent regulatory requirements that apply to goods moving in transatlantic trade and act as high, non-tariff barriers to trade. A recent study estimated that streamlining just 25 percent of these different-but-equivalent requirements would save producers and consumers over $200 billion per year. How should the two sides go about rationalizing and coordinating both the “flow” of new regulations and the (much larger) “stock” of inconsistent, existing requirements? Recognizing that this is a long-term project that will need to continue long after TTIP talks are concluded, negotiators are hard at work crafting the “Regulatory Cooperation chapter” – essentially a transnational administrative process to guide transatlantic regulatory cooperation efforts in the decades ahead.This short article addresses four main challenges facing the design of the TTIP Regulatory Cooperation chapter. The first challenge is, obviously, to ensure that regulatory cooperation is energized in the future, after two decades of fitful efforts at transatlantic collaboration that have yielded at best mixed results. The second challenge is to assure that pressures for harmonization/mutual recognition of regulatory requirements do not result in downward pressure on health, safety, environmental or financial regulations. The third challenge is to make sure that line regulatory agencies have adequate resources to carry out the new mandates for regulatory cooperation that TTIP will impose upon them. This article examines this challenges and recommends solutions for each of them. Finally, the article notes a fourth challenge that is self-inflicted by US TTIP negotiators: the US side refuses to disclose its proposals for regulatory cooperation to any but the European Commission and a handful of cleared advisors, mostly industry. Here, the solution is obvious: in keeping with Good Regulatory Practice (GRP), the US should disclose and take public comment on its proposals for international regulatory cooperation, as its negotiating partner, the European Commission, is already doing on its side.
The Shape of Cooperative Communication

It is common for one who has information to share it cooperatively with one who needs it. Perhaps surprisingly, this information is often not communicated in the simplest possible way. For example, Standard and Poor's assigns ratings of at least "B-" to 97% of corporate issues, and segments these issues into 16 categories (AAA, AA, AA-, etc.). A full 7 of these 16 categories are devoted to issues with nearly identical default probabilities, leaving only 9 categories to cover the wide variety of default probabilities found in speculative corporate debt. Equally concerning, Yelp restaurant reviews are predominantly positive, with an average of 3.8 stars out of 5. This limits the site's usefulness in distinguishing the highest quality fare. I show that the purpose of a reviewer generates the optimal distribution of reviews. If it is most important to separate great from good, then reviews will tend to be harsh, in the sense that most reviews will be below average. If it is most important to separate bad from worst, then reviews will tend to be polite, in the sense that most reviews will be above average. Importantly, politeness and harshness are emergent properties of the optimal messaging rule. Results are consistent with casual observation, and provide testable implications across a variety of settings, including credit reports, analyst ratings, credit ratings, wine ratings, referee reports, customer reviews, grade inflation, and letters of recommendation.
Japan, Multiethnicity in

The ideology of monoethnic Japan dominated the post-World War II discourses on Japan. While prewar Japan was clearly multiethnic—the Japanese empire reached well beyond the traditional ambit of the Japanese nation and there was a considerable influx of colonial migrants into the main Japanese islands—the postwar period provided a misleading portrait of Japan as an ethnically homogeneous society, owing in no small part to the silence of actually exiting minority groups. The idea of multiethnic Japan counters the long regnant monoethnic ideology, stressing that Japan has been and remains an ethnically heterogeneous society. Keywords: ideology; Japan; multiculturalism; nationalism
Sex-Specific Associations of Maternal Gestational Glycemia with Hormones in Umbilical Cord Blood at Delivery.

Background Few studies have examined sex-specific associations of maternal gestational glycemia with cord blood hormones, which might predict later health. Methods In 976 women without pre-existing diabetes in the Project Viva cohort, we used linear regression to examine associations of maternal gestational glycemia with cord hormone concentrations, adjusted for maternal characteristics and stratified by infant sex. Results A total of 6.1% of women had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 8.8% isolated hyperglycemia, 3.2% gestational impaired glucose tolerance, and 81.9% were normoglycemic. In boys, compared with infants of normoglycemic mothers, infants of GDM mothers had higher cord levels of IGF-2 (β 35.55 ng/mL; 95% CI: 2.60, 68.50), IGFBP-3 (111.2 ng/mL; 5.53, 216.8), insulin (4.66 uU/mL; 2.38, 6.95), C-peptide (0.46 ng/mL; 0.25, 0.67), and leptin (3.51 ng/mL; 1.37, 5.64), but lower IGF-1 (−6.71 ng/mL; −12.7, − 0.76, adjusted for IGFBP-3). In girls, GDM offspring had higher cord blood levels of IGF-1 adjusted for IGFBP-3 (12.45 ng/mL; 4.85, 20.04). Boys, but not girls, of mothers with abnormal glucose tolerance but not GDM also had higher levels of some hormones. Conclusion GDM was associated with growth factors and adipokines in cord blood from boys, but only IGF-1 in girls. These findings suggest sex differences in responses to fetal overnutrition.
Identity and cultural diversity: what social psychology can teach us

‘Making diversity work takes time, patience, and hard labor.’ In the view of Maykel Verkuyten, who ends his analysis of Identity and Cultural Diversity with those words, it also takes the perspecti...
Association study of bovine candidate loci to meat quality

The aim of this study was to determine the potential association between candidate loci and indicators of meat quality in Czech Simmentals. For the study, loci for calpain ( CAPN530 ) and myostatin ( MSTN ) were chosen. The analysis revealed 258 bulls (locus CAPN530 ) and 228 bulls (locus MSTN ) of Czech Simmental cattle. Genotyping was carried out by PCR/RFLP method. The association analysis was performed for polymorphisms of both loci and shear force of the raw and grilled meat on the 1 st , 14 th and 28 th day after slaughter. The CAPN530 locus showed a statistically significant effect on the power cut for raw and grilled meat in the 1 st day after the slaughter (P <0.05 ), and for grilled meat significant changes were stated in the 14 th and 28 th day post mortem (P< 0.05 ). No significant relationships in locus MSTN between genotype and shear force (P<0.05) were found. The MSTN genotype affected the ability to bind water. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution to the unequal representation of genotypes for the locus MSTN in the study.
RNA Tumor Virus Replication: Facts and Fancy

Summary Indirect evidence suggests that the replication of RNA tumor viruses differs from that of cytocidal RNA viruses in two distinctive properties: a requirement for early DNA synthesis and one for permanent DNA dependent RNA synthesis. These requirements led to the provirus hypothesis of Temin which states that there is a DNA intermediate in RNA tumor virus replication. The provirus hypothesis has been strengthened by the discovery of virus-associated RNA dependent DNA polymerase. Yet, neither provirus hypothesis nor the virus-associated RNA dependent DNA polymerase explain the peculiar requirement of RNA tumor virus replication for cellular DNA synthesis. Numerous recent observations suggest that some RNA tumor virus genes, in some cases even all viral genes, preexist in normal cells. If these genes exist in phenotypically normal cells as unexpressed DNA, it is conceivable that “cellular” DNA synthesis is required in RNA tumor virus replication to derepress these genes. In this case the genetic role of the virus or of the viral RNA in RNA tumor virus infection becomes a philosophical question.
Chapter 9 – Food safety applications of nanoparticles

Abstract There is a need to develop and implement more economical delivery approaches for multiple-hurdle antimicrobial interventions that can be applied to food matrices such as retail meats. Recently, potential opportunities have emerged to use nanoscience and nanoengineering principles to develop antimicrobial carriers for controlling the major foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella in meat and food preservation systems. The overall goal of this review is to explore the potential of nanoparticle-based composite systems for practical and economical antimicrobial interventions to inhibit and decontaminate such pathogens on cooked ready-to-eat (RTE) poultry and red-meat products. The opportunities for specific systems such as chitosan-nanoparticle-based nanocomposite systems containing ɛ-polylysine peptide dispersed in organic acids are discussed. A second focus of this chapter is the potential health hazards that arise from the use of nanoparticles.
Use of Multimodality Imaging in Diagnosing Invasive Fungal Diseases of the Heart.

Invasive fungal diseases of the heart are rare, frequently fatal causes of cardiac masses. On imaging, they are difficult to distinguish from other entities, such as thrombi or tumors. The combined use of multiple imaging modalities can aid in diagnosis when integrated with clinical data.1 However, no imaging findings are pathognomonic for invasive fungal disease. We report 4 cases of invasive fungal disease of the heart. Two patients had undergone solid organ transplantation, another had myelodysplastic syndrome, and one was an intravenous drug user. Two patients had invasive aspergillosis, one with valvular endocarditis and another with an intramyocardial abscess, whereas 2 patients had mucormycosis and candidiasis, respectively. Although fungal infections do not have robust central perfusion on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (a feature of many malignant masses), they often demonstrate delayed peripheral enhancement around the mass, a nonspecific feature suggestive of an infectious cause.2 A 26-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis, status-post bilateral lung transplantation presented with skin lesions and a positive Galactomannan assay concerning for disseminated aspergillosis. She …
Some Issues in Personalization of Intelligent Systems: An Activity Theory Approach for Meta Ontology Development

Personalization of systems has been part of the renaissance of artificial intelligence in many domains. This paper investigates some emerging issues in the area of personalization as they impact systems from different perspectives. Particular attention is given to the relationship between explicitly and implicitly gathered information, information gathered from other personalization settings and with the generation of a personalization information ontology, based on an activity theory approach. Finally, some privacy issues are considered, potentially limiting information sharing between applications.
Assessment of human papillomavirus awareness in association with head and neck cancer at a screening event

Objectives/Hypothesis To assess the baseline awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as a cause of head and neck cancer (HNC) to design improved targeted screening and education efforts. Study Design Retrospective review of collected survey at a cancer screening event. Methods This was a screening event at three hospitals and one community center in Miami, Florida. Participants were recruited throughout the Greater Miami area. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic characteristics of those who were aware of HPV and those who were not. Adjusted odds ratios, odds ratios, and χ2 tests were used in statistical analysis. Results A total of 196 women and 112 men were screened across four sites, with 187 participants at hospital-based events and 124 participants at the community-based event. Forty percent of respondents had heard of HPV, and 28.0% identified HPV as a risk factor for HNC. Non-Hispanic and Hispanic respondents were 3.309 and 2.445 times, respectively, more likely than Haitian respondents to have heard of HPV. Women were 2.488 times more likely than men to be aware of HPV. College graduates were 2.268 times more likely than those with less than a college degree to be aware of HPV. Younger respondents were more likely to be aware of HPV. Of those who identified HPV as a risk factor for HNC, 95.4% also correctly identified smoking and 75.9% also correctly identified alcohol as risk factors. Conclusions Disparities in HPV and HNC awareness were noted between gender, age, education level, and ethnicity. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 2017