cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modern distribution of diatoms in sediments from the George V Coast, Antarctica

Abstract Currently, little information exists concerning high frequency climate change in the Antarctic, data that are essential to gaining a more complete understanding of global climate change. Sediments from the George V Coast continental margin potentially contain a high resolution record of the late Holocene. The relatively high rate of sedimentation (∼ 3 mm/year) and the presence of laminated intervals which contain undisturbed sequences make these sediments valuable for future downcore work. In order to utilize diatom assemblages as proxies of paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic parameters, a preliminary study of the surface sediment distribution of diatoms from the George V Coast continental margin was completed. Nitzschia curta (Van Heurck) Hasle and Nitzschia kerguelensis (O'Meara) Hasle present great potential for tracking the Holocene retreat of ice across the continental shelf of this region. Concentrations of N. curta , an “ice-related” form, decreases in an offshore direction, whereas N. kerguelensis , an “oceanic” species associated with circumpolar flow, displays an increase in sediments offshore. The genus Thalassiosira Cleve displays a clear association with areas of open water primary production, as has been noted in others parts of the Antarctic. Downcore variability in relative abundance of this genus will be useful in understanding the history of sea ice versus open water production on the George V Coast shelf. In contrast, the distribution of Chaetoceros Ehrenberg resting spores appears to be more complex, but may be related to the position of the stationary ice edge associated with the annual minimal extent of sea ice. Finally, an understanding of the downcore variability of Thalassiothrix antarctica Schimper ex Karsten, a species which is very abundant in the laminated sections of the sediment cores, will have to rely on studies of its distribution in other areas of the Antarctic, as it is sparsely distributed along the George V Coast today.
Cell surface-associated proteinases in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity: Enhancement of enzyme expression is unique to activation with interferon-α☆

Abstract The human NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity reaction is sensitive to proteinase inhibitors with specificity for chymotrypsin-like enzymes inhibitable by 1-tosylamide 2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK). Evidence is presented in support of previous data suggesting that this type of cytotoxicity is attributable to enzymes associated with the surface membrane of the NK cell. Activation of the cells with IFN-α results in increased cytolytic activity, the suppression of which requires an almost two- to threefold increase in the concentration of proteinase inhibitors. Treatment of NK cells with IFN-α also results in increased surface binding of [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate ([3H]DFP). This effect is not inhibited by cycloheximide (50 μg/ml), suggesting translocation of preexisting enzymes to the surface membrane. TPCK can compete with [3H]-DFP for binding to the cell surface and can abrogate the increase in [3H]DFP binding observed after IFN-α stimulation of the cells. Treatment with IFN-γ does not increase cell surface-associated proteolytic activity and stimulation with IL-2 results in much smaller increments. The sensitivity of cytotoxicity to proteinase inhibitors is confined to the initial 2–5 min of the reaction. This suggests that cell surface-associated proteinases play a role in the programming of NK cells for lysis, whereas subsequent events may be dependent on secreted enzyme moieties.
Coping with sexual concerns after cancer: the use of flexible coping.

Introduction Although cancer treatment commonly has a negative impact on sexual functioning, sexual concerns are still largely undertreated in routine cancer care. The medical model that guides current approaches to sexual care in cancer does not adequately address key patient needs.
The use of encainide in atrial fibrillation

Based on its electrophysiologic characteristics, encainide, a new type 1 antiarrhythmic agent, was selected for a therapeutic trial in a case of refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. This approach represents an attempt to manage the pathophysiologic disturbance of atrial fibrillation by selection of a drug that would be expected to have specific effects on the conduction system.
SU‐C‐211‐02: Implementation of a Small Animal Phase Contrast Computed Tomography Imaging System: The MicroPCCT

Purpose: Implementation of a small animal phase contrastcomputed tomographyscanner to obtain high resolution small animal anatomical images at dose levels that are acceptable for radiobiological preclinical experiments. Methods: The scanner is constructed using a micro focus x‐ray source, a rotating small animal bed, and high resolution amorphous silicondetector. The x‐ray source is a 50 W, 80kVp micro focus x‐ray source with a 10×10 um2 focal spot. The animal bed consists of a rotating base supporting a small animal holder and non‐rebreathing isoflurane anesthesia delivery system. The final component is a flat panel detector with 2048×1024 pixels with a pixel size of 48 um. The detector is mounted on two linear stages orthogonally positioned allowing for fine adjustment of detector positioning and to scan the detector on the image plane to acquire projection images with a matrix area of 2048×2048 pixels by adjoining complementary portions of a projection. The animal holder is located at 25 cm and the detector is at 70 cm from the micro focus source for a system with a magnification of 2.8. Results: MicroPCCT reconstructed tomographic data with a resolution of 50 &#956;m is achievable using 512 projections. The images show the characteristic features of phase contrastimages such as an increase in the contrast at bone/tissue and tissue interfaces when compared with standard microCT images. The images are reconstructed using an adaptation of the Feldkamp's cone beam CT algorithm to enhance the boundaries definition of the phase contrast tomographic images. Conclusions: We evaluated the performance of a microPCCT system by imaging murine models for radiobiological experiments. The system demonstrates the feasibility of acquiring phase contrastimages with bench top equipment and a maximum achievable resolution of 50 &#956;m.
Using white-light spectroscopy for size determination of tissue phantoms

Along with breast and cervical cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma is one of the most common types of cancers. The characteristic features of pre-cancerous tissues are the increase in cell proliferation rate and cell nuclei enlargement, which both take place in the epithelium of human body surfaces. However, in the early stages of cancer these changes are very small and difficult to detect, even for expert pathologists. The aim of our research is to develop an optical probe for in vivo detection of nuclear size changes using white light scattering from cell nuclei. The probe will be employed through an endoscope and will be used for the medical examination of the esophagus. The proposed method of examination will be noninvasive, cheap, and specific, compared to a biopsy. Before the construction of this probe, we have developed theory to determine the nuclei size from the reflection data. In this first stage of our research, we compare experimental and theoretical scattered light intensities. Our theoretical model includes the values of scatterer size from which we can extract the nuclei size value. We first performed the study of polystyrene microspheres, acting as a tissue phantom. Spectral and angular distributions of scattered white light from tissue phantoms were studied. Experimental results show significant differences between the spectra of microspheres of different sizes and demonstrate almost linear relation between the number of spectral oscillations and the size of microspheres. Best results were achieved when the scattered light spectrum was collected at 30° to the normal of the sample surface. We present these research results in this paper. In ongoing work, normal and cancerous mammalian cell studies are being performed in order to determine cell nuclei size correlation with the size of microspheres through the light scattering spectrum observation.
The Relationship Between Malingerers’ Intelligence and MMPI-2 Knowledge and Their Ability to Avoid Detection

One of the most frequently administered psychometrics is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Occasionally, those participants taking the MMPI-2 will malinger or exaggerate their symptoms. Several malingering detection devices are available, and a significant body of literature exists concerning their efficacy. However, little research is available considering those factors that facilitate successfully evading detection as a malingerer. Some of these studies have identified general intelligence and knowledge of the MMPI-2 as key variables in the likelihood of escaping detection as a malingerer. The extant research considered the utility of general intelligence and knowledge of the MMPI-2 as predictors in avoiding detection as a malingerer. To detect malingering, the two traditional detection devices were employed: the F-Scale and the F - K Index. Results indicate that intelligence and MMPI-2 knowledge contribute significantly to the likelihood of successfully escaping detection as a...
High order stiffly stable linear multistep methods

Stiffly stable linear k-step methods of order k for the initial-value problem are studied. Examples for k = 1, 2, and 3 were discovered by use of Adams-type methods. A large family of stiffly stable linear 7-step methods of order 7 was also found.
Experimental Deposition of Carbonate Mud From Moving Suspensions: Importance of Flocculation and Implications For Modern and Ancient Carbonate Mud Deposition

Abstract Flume experiments with fine-grained carbonate particles (< 62.5 µm) show that they form floccules that travel in bedload, form current ripples, and deposit laminated sediments. In order to compare our flume experiments to work on sand transport, we ran flume experiments with medium sand and observed that the velocities at which sand grains started to move and form ripples were in the same range as those where floccules move and form ripples. These ripples are in essence identical to those formed by clay-mineral floccules or sand grains under similar conditions. In light of previous experiments with clay minerals, these results indicate that, of the key controls on mud deposition, flocculation and suspended-sediment concentration are more important than particle mineralogy or water chemistry, and are about as important as bottom shear stress for deposition. Suspensions of carbonate mud show the same pattern of flocculation, ripple formation, and bed accretion as observed previously in experiments with clay-mineral suspensions. The resulting carbonate mud deposits show internal low-angle (2–5 degrees) laminae, and in plan view a pattern of ripple foresets that is identical to rib-and-furrow structure in sandstones. Just as previously assumed for terrigenous muds, there has been a long-standing notion that accumulation of abundant carbonate mud reflects quiescent conditions of offshore and deeper-water environments. These experiments demonstrate unequivocally that carbonate muds can also accumulate in energetic settings. In the sedimentary record of carbonate rocks, interbedded grainstones and lime mudstones may thus not necessarily reflect shifts in depositional energy (or water depth), but alternatively may imply a shift in supplied sediment type. The observations we report suggest that published interpretations of ancient lime muds and derived paleoceanographic conditions may need to be reevaluated.
Differentiated TCP User Perception over Downlink Packet Data Cellular Systems

Current downlink scheduling algorithms in the (enhanced) third-generation (3G) cellular packet systems exploit instantaneous channel status of multiple users, but most of them are blind to traffic information. To improve TCP users' perception of quality-of-services (QoSs), characterized by response delay, goodput, and always-on connectivity, we propose a cross-layer hierarchical scheduler with traffic awareness and channel dependence to properly prioritize buffer and radio resource allocation among different TCP classes. The scheduler has two tiers: at the IP layer, an intrauser scheduler enhances a common practice, i.e., the DiffServ-based buffer management, by dequeuing same-user TCP packets according to per-class specified and measured responsiveness; at the MAC layer, an interuser scheduler transmits the dequeued packets by considering the opportunistic channel states, mean throughput, and class ID of all users. Both tiers consider the online measured throughput, a cross-layer metric, to achieve resource and performance fairness and TCP classification. Experiments show that, compared with (variations of) proportional fairness (PF) and other schemes, our scheduler can notably speed up time-critical interactive TCP services (HTTP and TELNET) or TCP slow-starts with minor cost to bulk file transfer (FTP) or long-lived flows. It offers scalable and low-cost TCP performance enhancement over the emerging cellular systems
The Impact of Obesity on Early Postoperative Outcomes in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Background. As the prevalence of obesity continues to increase, it now includes the growing number of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). This particular obese patient population may pose additional intraoperative as well as postoperative challenges that may contribute to poor outcomes. Our aims were to determine the influence of obesity on morbidity and mortality in adults with CHD undergoing surgical repair at a free standing children's hospital. Methods. A retrospective analysis of adult (≥18 years) CHD surgery cases from 2002 to 2008 was performed. Congenital heart lesions were defined as mild, moderate, or complex. Patients were categorized by body mass index (BMI): underweight (BMI < 20 kg/m2), normal (BMI 20–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Demographics, incidence of mortality, or specific morbidities were statistically compared using Fisher's exact test and analyses of variance (anovas). Results. In this population (n = 165), overweight (29%) and obese (22%) patients were prevalent. Hypertension (HTN) and pre-HTN were more prevalent in obese and overweight patients. Postoperative renal dysfunction was observed in obese patients with complex CHD (P= .04). Mortality was not different among groups. Conclusions. Obesity is becoming increasingly common among adults with CHD. Despite marginal evidence of postoperative renal complications in obese patients with CHD of severe complexity, the overall presence of obesity did not influence mortality or short term postoperative morbidities.
Implicit diversity combining based on the EM algorithm for fading channels with correlated path components

An iterative pilot symbol aided procedure for detection in multipath fading channels that does not neglect intersymbol interference (ISI) and achieves diversity combining with unresolved signal path components is introduced. The algorithm resolves the received signal into components corresponding to each path. The estimated components are combined for obtaining the next sequence estimate, and, thus, no signal energy is lost. The proposed approach attempts iterative unconstrained maximization of the likelihood function using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The EM solution is based on the approach to parameter estimation for superimposed signals introduced by Feder and Weinstein (1988). It allows for symbol-by-symbol maximization in the M-step for orthogonal signaling pulses.
Simulation Experience Enhances Physical Therapist Student Confidence in Managing a Patient in the Critical Care Environment

Background Rehabilitation of patients in critical care environments improves functional outcomes. This finding has led to increased implementation of intensive care unit (ICU) rehabilitation programs, including early mobility, and an associated increased demand for physical therapists practicing in ICUs. Unfortunately, many physical therapists report being inadequately prepared to work in this high-risk environment. Simulation provides focused, deliberate practice in safe, controlled learning environments and may be a method to initiate academic preparation of physical therapists for ICU practice. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of participation in simulation-based management of a patient with critical illness in an ICU setting on levels of confidence and satisfaction in physical therapist students. Design A one-group, pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental design was used. Methods Physical therapist students (N=43) participated in a critical care simulation experience requiring technical (assessing bed mobility and pulmonary status), behavioral (patient and interprofessional communication), and cognitive (recognizing a patient status change and initiating appropriate responses) skill performance. Student confidence and satisfaction were surveyed before and after the simulation experience. Results Students' confidence in their technical, behavioral, and cognitive skill performance increased from “somewhat confident” to “confident” following the critical care simulation experience. Student satisfaction was highly positive, with strong agreement the simulation experience was valuable, reinforced course content, and was a useful educational tool. Limitations Limitations of the study were the small sample from one university and a control group was not included. Conclusions Incorporating a simulated, interprofessional critical care experience into a required clinical course improved physical therapist student confidence in technical, behavioral, and cognitive performance measures and was associated with high student satisfaction. Using simulation, students were introduced to the critical care environment, which may increase interest in working in this practice area.
The Big Red Song Book

In The Big Red Songbook, Archie Green, David Roediger, Franklin Rosemont, and Salvatore Salerno have thoughtfully documented twentieth-century Wobbly song in all of its foot-stompin' glory. In 1909, the Spokane branch of the International Workers of the World compiled twenty-four songs into a little red book called Songs of the Industrial Workers of the World, with the intention “to destroy the old myths that have enslaved us for so long. We will have songs that hold up flaunted wealth and threadbare morality to scorn, songs that lampoon our masters.” The Big Red Songbook documents all the songs of revolt from 1909–1973 (including many that were not included in the first go-round), provides extensive bibliographies and references, a discography, and even a glossary for decoding the “vernacular surrealisms” of hobo-slang and radical industrial unionism.
Integrating architecture description languages with a standard design method

Software architecture descriptions are high-level models of software systems. Some researchers have proposed special-purpose architectural notations that have a great deal of expressive power but are not well integrated with common development methods. Others have used mainstream development methods that are accessible to developers, but lack semantics needed for extensive analysis. We describe an approach to combining the advantages of these two ways of modeling architectures. We present two examples of extending UML, an emerging standard design notation, for use with two architecture description languages, C2 and Wright. Our approach suggests a practical strategy for bringing architectural modeling into wider use, namely by incorporating substantial elements of architectural models into a standard design method.
Evidential Value That Exercise Improves BMI z-Score in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents

Background. Given the cardiovascular disease (CVD) related importance of understanding the true effects of exercise on adiposity in overweight and obese children and adolescents, this study examined whether there is evidential value to rule out excessive and inappropriate reporting of statistically significant results, a major problem in the published literature, with respect to exercise-induced improvements in BMI z-score among overweight and obese children and adolescents. Methods. Using data from a previous meta-analysis of 10 published studies that included 835 overweight and obese children and adolescents, a novel, recently developed approach (p-curve) was used to test for evidential value and rule out selective reporting of findings. Chi-squared tests (χ (2)) were used to test for statistical significance with alpha (p) values <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results. Six of 10 findings (60%) were statistically significant. Statistically significant right-skew to rule out selective reporting was found (χ (2) = 38.8, p = 0.0001). Conversely, studies neither lacked evidential value (χ (2) = 6.8, p = 0.87) nor lacked evidential value and were intensely p-hacked (χ (2) = 4.3, p = 0.98). Conclusion. Evidential value results confirm that exercise reduces BMI z-score in overweight and obese children and adolescents, an important therapeutic strategy for treating and preventing CVD.
EMBRYOGENIC RESPONSE OF MULTIPLE SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.) CULTIVARS ACROSS THREE LOCATIONS

Nine soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars representing midwestern, mid-south, and southern US growing regions were evaluated at each of three locations (Athens, GA; Lexington, KY; and Wooster, OH) using uniform embryogenic induction and proliferation protocols in order to evaluate the portability of soybean somatic embryogenic protocols to different locations. The experimental design minimized variation between locations by having all cultivars present at all locations on all days. A quantitative weighted score for primary embryo induction was developed on average embryo number per explant and was used to describe non-embryogenic, poorly embryogenic, moderately embryogenic, and highly embryogenic responses. Ranking of cultivars remained similar across all locations, indicating a uniform transportability of the protocol, at least as far as embryo induction is concerned. Continued proliferation of embryogenic cultures was also measured using a repetitive growth measure but few meaningful conclusions could be made due to the high level of variability including inconsistent growth of cultures between each subculture. Overall, several cultivars were identified as being uniformly embryogenic or non-embryogenic at the primary induction phase at all locations, and we predict that those embryogenic cultivars could be used by any laboratory for high-efficiency induction of embryogenesis. The best of these cultivars, ‘Jack’, was uniformly responsive across all locations and should be selected as the genotype most likely to yield positive results when attempting to culture and genetically engineer soybeans via embryogenic protocols.
Demonstration of abnormal proximal conduction system by His bundle electrocardiography in a patient with a single ventricle.

His bundle electrocardiography in a patient with a single ventricle and 2:1 block showed the block to be proximal to the His bundle. The sinus node recovery time was normal. In addition, there was suggestive evidence of a functionally and/or structurally abnormal accessory pathway. The role of His bundle electrocardiography in a patient with a single ventricle in defining the function of various portions of the conduction system was thus demonstrated.
Performance results of recognizing various class types using classifier decision fusion

Classification performance is compared using data based on waveforms that are transmitted at both low and high frequencies. The waveforms are made up of one low, and one high, bandwidth type. Various features have been extracted from each waveform for training different classifiers. Specifically, the classifier types consist of various neural networks, Weighted voting (Linear), Fisher's Linear discriminant, the Expectation Maximization algorithm, and the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm. The contribution of this paper is to show that overall classification performance improves if the decision outputs of the individually trained classifiers are fused using majority voting. Also, it is shown that classification performance depends on the transmitting carrier frequency of the waveforms and the specific configuration of the classes used to train each classifier.
A programmable input-pulse dependent chaotic oscillator

In this paper, we present a chaotic oscillator structure that generates different chaotic oscillation behaviors depending on the number of excitation pulses as well as the pulse width. The oscillator is a programmable chaotic oscillator that can work in both autonomous mode and non-autonomous mode, which can be used in programmable and low-power applications such as cryptography and communication channel verification.
Essential fatty acid deficiency in premature infants.

To better characterize essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency in neonates, we assessed 63 premature infants by serial determinations of plasma fatty acids for the level of linoleic acid, the presence of an abnormal trienoic acid (5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid [20:3 omega 9]), and the ratio of this compound to arachidonic acid, ie, the triene-tetraene ratio. The data indicated that at age 7 d, 67% of these infants had low plasma linoleic acid levels, 62% showed readily detectable 20:3 omega 9, and 44% had a high triene-tetraene ratio. Infants fed by age 2 d had a normal mean linoleate level at 7 d and none showed detectable 20:3 omega 9 by 10 d. In contrast, infants who were not fed until 7 d showed a very high incidence of abnormal fatty acid status. By maintaining a daily record of linoleate intake, we calculated from regression models that the average amount required to achieve normal fatty acid nutrition was 1.19 g.kg-1.d-1.
Slow-moving ions in the atmosphere

Studies in atmospheric ionization are in these days largely concerned with conditions in the upper atmosphere and deal, therefore, exclusively with the so-called small ions and electrons. But these are not the only ions in the atmosphere. Lower down, near the surface of the Earth, other ions with much smaller mobilities are encountered in sufficient numbers to play a significant part among electrical phenomena of the atmosphere. Langevin, in 1905, first called attention to the slow-moving ions and announced that they were much more numerous than the small ions.
LCR 5′ hypersensitive site specificity for globin gene activation within the active chromatin hub

The DNaseI hypersensitive sites (HSs) of the human b-globin locus control region (LCR) may function as part of an LCR holocomplex within a larger active chromatin hub (ACH). Differential activation of the globin genes during development may be controlled in part by preferential interaction of each gene with specific individual HSs during globin gene switching, a change in conformation of the LCR holocomplex, or both. To distinguish between these possibilities, human b-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (b-YAC) lines were produced in which the e-globin gene was replaced with a second marked b-globin gene (b m ), coupled to an intact LCR, a 5 0 HS3 complete deletion (5 0 "HS3) or a5 0 HS3 core deletion (5 0 "HS3c). The 5 0 "HS3c mice expressed b m -globin throughout development; c-globin was co-expressed in the embryonic yolk sac, but not in the fetal liver; and wild-type b-globin was co-expressed in adult mice. Although the 5 0 HS3 core was not required for b m -globin expression, previous work showed that the 5 0 HS3 core is necessary for e-globin expression during embryonic erythropoiesis. A similar phenotype was observed in 5 0 HS complete deletion mice, except b m -globin expression was higher during primitive erythropoiesis and c-globin expression continued into fetal definitive erythropoiesis. These data support a site specificity model of LCR HS-globin gene interaction.
Angiotensin-(1–7) binds to specific receptors on cardiac fibroblasts to initiate antifibrotic and antitrophic effects

ANG-(1–7) improves the function of the remodeling heart. Although this peptide is generated directly within the myocardium, the effects of ANG-(1–7) on cardiac fibroblasts that play a critical role...
Creativity in a Cooperative Group Setting.

This study was to determine whether cooperative small groups would stimulate creativity of fith and sixth grade students more than an individualized learning environment. Student aptitudes for creative and academic work were assessed on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Verbal Form A), analysis of student created electrical circuit diagrams, and a batteries and bulbs prediction test. A measure of student perceptions was also used to indicate any changes in attitudes toward the science activity and learning environment. A posttest control group design was used with 11 I fifth and sixth grade students. Half of the population worked by themselves, while the other half (experimental) worked in a student-structured environment on the same science activity which involved creating as many different types of electrical circuits from a given set of batteries and bulbs as possible. An overall conclusion is that fifth and sixth grade students working within small cooperative groups can be more creative as measured by a figural creativity test with electrical circuits than students working alone. The implication of this study is that small cooperative groups as well as individualized groups should be used in elementary science classes when creativity is one of the instructional objectives.
New stable temporary atrial pacing loop.

Abstract Temporary right atrial pacing is a useful but underutilized technique because of instability of the pacing electrodes. To circumvent this problem, a new method of pacing was Invented. A loop-mounted electrode structure, originally devised for measurement of blood flow, has been adapted as a temporary right atrial pacer. It is rapidly and easily introduced into the right atrium through a catheter. Once in place, the catheter is removed leaving only the loop in place. It has been used successfully in 14 of 16 patients, in 5 for periods of 3 to 15 days. The methods of construction and clinical experience are described.
Elevation of pheromone response threshold in almond moth males pre-exposed to pheromone spray

High percentages of naive Cadra cautella (Walker)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) males not pre-exposed to pheromone flew upwind to sources containing 50 ng (83%) and 500 ng (97%) of pheromone, but not to sources containing 5 microgram (23%) and 50 microgram (4%). Of the naive males that flew upwind in response to 50 ng sources, 67% located and landed on the source, whereas fewer than 19% of the naive males that flew upwind in response to higher doses located and landed on the sources. A 2-minute pre-exposure of C. cautella males to a spray cloud containing 50 ng, 500 ng, 5 microgram or 50 microgram of pheromone, induced shifts in response levels such that in wind-tunnel bioassays performed 1 h later, there was an increase in the doses that optimally elicited upwind flight and landing on the source that was proportional to the pre-exposure dose. Few of the pre-exposed males flew upwind to (10-43%) and landed on (0-33%) 50 ng sources, whereas they now preferentially flew upwind to (58-81% and 52-73%) and landed on (33-68% and 55-60%) pheromone sources of doses of 500 ng and 5 microgram, respectively. Therefore pre-exposure to pheromone promoted a shift of threshold for response, and not an overall reduction in responsiveness to pheromone.
The Truth of Mysticism

In spite of many claims by people who have had the kind of mystical experiences that I want to discuss, such experiences do not reveal any reality beyond the experience itself; nor does the experience itself constitute a cosmic principle such as the Godhead, Absolute, One or Chaos. These experiences are in the last analysis merely subjective experiences. I say ‘merely’ here only to deny that the experiences have any significance for the cosmologists; not to deny that the experience has significant value for the experiencer. It may be that the experiences are the ultimate goal attainable by human beings. Their value does not depend on their being the ultimate truth.
Effect of Left Ventricular Hypertension, Ischemia and Vasoactive Drugs on the Myocardial Distribution of Coronary Flow

Distribution of coronary flow to the inner and outer layers of the left ventricle of the anesthetized, open chest dog was estimated by the myocardial uptake of 86 Rb chloride infused into the cannulated common left coronary artery. With normal relationship of coronary perfusion pressure and left intra-ventricular pressure, there was no significant underperfusion of the endocardium. When left intraventricular pressure was raised and coronary perfusion pressure was held at levels sufficient to provide normal coronary flow, endocardial distribution remained equal to or slightly greater than that to the epicardium. However, when coronary perfusion pressure was lowered, particularly to levels causing obvious signs of myocardial hypoxia, maintenance of a normal left intraventricular pressure resulted in marked underperfusion of the endocardium. The coronary vasoactive drugs, dipyridamole, norepinephrine, vasopressin, and the β-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, propranolol, increased the flow distribution to the endocardium of both the normotensive and hypertensive left ventricle. It is concluded that the systolic tissue pressure which increases from epicardium to endocardium does not cause significant underperfusion of the endocardium in either the normotensive or hypertensive left ventricle as long as normal coronary perfusion pressure and flow are maintained.
Local Budgets and the Maximization of Local Property Wealth in the System of Suburban Government

Conceptually, the existence of multiple local governments in metropolitan regions, each providing services and raising revenues, simulates a "quasi-market" for local public goods. However, in any market situation there is a trade-off between equity and efficiency. In the polycentric metropolitan market, efficiency gains are mirrored by the unequal distribution of wealth and taxes necessary to support the local services offered by municipalities. Given these inequalities, powerful interests in the city coalesce around the design of policies to maximize the local tax base. The implications and success of these policies have formed the core of significant theoretical debates in the study of local politics. Recently, this debate has focused on the use of municipal expenditures to develop local fiscal wealth. In this article, the impact of local service/tax bundles on change in the local property tax base is assessed empirically, and these empirical findings are related to alternate theoretical perspectives on...
Experiments in socially guided exploration: lessons learned in building robots that learn with and without human teachers

We present a learning system, socially guided exploration, in which a social robot learns new tasks through a combination of self-exploration and social interaction. The system's motivational drives, along with social scaffolding from a human partner, bias behaviour to create learning opportunities for a hierarchical reinforcement learning mechanism. The robot is able to learn on its own, but can flexibly take advantage of the guidance of a human teacher. We report the results of an experiment that analyses what the robot learns on its own as compared to being taught by human subjects. We also analyse the video of these interactions to understand human teaching behaviour and the social dynamics of the human-teacher/robot-learner system. With respect to learning performance, human guidance results in a task set that is significantly more focused and efficient at the tasks the human was trying to teach, whereas self-exploration results in a more diverse set. Analysis of human teaching behaviour reveals insights of social coupling between the human teacher and robot learner, different teaching styles, strong consistency in the kinds and frequency of scaffolding acts across teachers and nuances in the communicative intent behind positive and negative feedback.
Political Humor and Authority: From Support to Subversion

This paper attempts to categorize political humor using four criteria: target, focus, acceptability, and presentation. These are applied to examples of the humor of Bob Hope, the Gridiron dinner, Harry Shearer, and Lenny Bruce. Four types of political humor relating to authority emerge: supportive, benign, undermining, and subversive.
Dexamethasone Effect on the Phospholipid Content of Isolated Fat Cell Ghosts from Adrenalectomized Rats

The lipid composition of sonicated ghosts from isolated fat cells has been investigated. Epididymal fat cells from adrenalectomized rats were incubated with and without 8 × 10-8 M dexamethasone for 3 h. Phospholipids and cholesterol were isolated from membrane ghosts prepared from these cells. There was a 61% increase in membrane sphingomyelin from cells incubated with dexamethasone (P < 0.025). No significant change was observed in other phospholipids, cholesterol, or fatty acid components of the phospholipids.
Palestine, Uti Possidetis Juris and the Borders of Israel

Israel’s borders and territorial scope are a source of seemingly endless debate. Remarkably, despite the intensity of the debates, little attention has been paid to relevance of the doctrine of uti possidetis juris to resolving legal aspects of the border dispute. Uti possidetis juris is widely acknowledged as the doctrine of customary international law that is central to determining territorial sovereignty in the era of decolonization. The doctrine provides that emerging states presumptively inherit their pre-independence administrative boundaries.Applied to the case of Israel, uti possidetis juris would dictate that Israel inherit the boundaries of the Mandate of Palestine as they existed in May, 1948. The doctrine would thus support Israeli claims to any or all of the currently hotly disputed areas of Jerusalem (including East Jerusalem), the West Bank, and even potentially the Gaza Strip (though not the Golan Heights).
Obesity Is Associated With More Complications and Longer Hospital Stays After Orthopaedic Trauma.

Objective:The objective of this study was to characterize relationships between obesity and initial hospital stay, including complications, in patients with multiple system trauma and surgically treated fractures.Design:Prospective, observational.Setting:Level 1 trauma center.Patients:Three hundred
Extranodal Lymphocyte Predominance Hodgkin’s Disease: Clinical and Pathologic Features

Although B-cell nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease (nodular paragranuloma, LPHD) typically presents at low stage, reported series have identified a minor population of patients with advanced disease. Clinicopathologic findings in 13 cases of LPHD are described that had extranodal manifestations. The B-cell immunophenotype was confirmed in all cases with paraffin-section immunostains. Nine patients presented with extranodal disease; distribution was in Waldeyer's ring (n = 2), spleen (n = 3), spleen and liver (n = 3), or bone marrow (n = 1). Three cases, clinically stage III/IV at presentation, had involvement of bone marrow (n = 2) or bone marrow, liver and spleen (n = 1) at relapse. One patient presented with clinical stage IIe disease and had involvement of spleen at relapse. Follow-up was available for 11 patients (range 4 months to 11 years; mean, 5 years). One patient died of disease and one died with disease because of therapeutic complications. Six patients were disease-free and three had persistent or recurrent LPHD. Microscopically, LPHD was difficult to recognize in extranodal sites and could easily be mistaken for low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or conventional Hodgkin's disease. Certain morphologic and immunophenotypic findings were effective in avoiding such diagnostic confusion. Thorough staging evaluation appears warranted for LPHD because it may be responsive to therapy, even in advanced stage or after relapse. Although LPHD is unexpected in extranodal samplings, the wary pathologist can suspect its presence on the basis of characteristic histopathologic features. Confirmation of the diagnosis may require paraffinsection immunostains.
Prevalence and Correlates of Having a Regular Physician among Women Presenting for Induced Abortion

Abstract Objectives To determine the prevalence and correlates of having a regular physician among women presenting for induced abortion. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of women presenting to an urban, university-based family planning clinic for abortion between January 2008 and September 2011. We conducted bivariate analyses, comparing women with and without a regular physician, and multivariable regression modeling, to identify factors associated with not having a regular physician. Results Of 834 women, 521 (62.5%) had a regular physician and 313 (37.5%) did not. Women with a prior pregnancy, live birth, or spontaneous abortion were more likely than women without these experiences to have a regular physician. Women with a prior induced abortion were not more likely than women who had never had a prior induced abortion to have a regular physician. Compared with women younger than 18 years, women aged 18 to 26 years were less likely to have a physician (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10–0.62). Women with a prior live birth had increased odds of having a regular physician compared with women without a prior pregnancy (aOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.13–3.16). Women without medical/fetal indications and who had not been victims of sexual assault (self-indicated) were less likely to report having a regular physician compared with women with medical/fetal indications (aOR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.17–0.82). Conclusions The abortion visit is a point of contact with a large number of women without a regular physician and therefore provides an opportunity to integrate women into health care.
Study on PCDDs and PCDFs Level in Retail Foods from a Typical Area and an Assessment of Dietary Intake for Local Population

The status of PCDDs and PCDFs content in retail foods from a certain area by Isotope Dilution HRGC-HRMS was surveyed and the local population PCDD/Fs exposure from diverse foods and health risk was evaluated.PCDD/Fs was extracted from samples by Soxhlet extraction,concentrated and purified by FMS column chromatograph,carbon column enrichment.Confirmation and quantitative analysis at pg/g level of PCDD/Fs was performed by HRGC/HRMS using multiple ion detection mode(MID).TEQ concentration was calculated by WHO-TEF multiplying by concentration of seventeen PCDD/Fs congener.Median of PCDD/Fs concentration for fish,livestock,poultry,egg,vegetable oil,milk,vegetable totally 100 samples for ten diverse foods didn't exceed the limit standards by EU.The level of PCDD/Fs for different food in the certain area was lower or comparable to the data reported by developed country in the world.The total weekly intake and monthly intake for local population or national population was 3.44,14.8 WHO-TEQ/kg BW and 1.5,6.42 pg WHO-TEQ/kg BW respectively,the value was lower than the Tolerable Weekly Intake of 14 pg WHO TEQ/kg BW for PCDDs,PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs established by EU Scientific Committee for Food.The dietary PCDD/Fs intake for local people was higher than national population.And animal food was the dominant contributor to the total dietary intake,which accounted for more than 70 percent.These levels of consumption of diverse food containing typical levels of PCDD/Fs doesn't present a risk to the health of the local population.But integrative dietary intake could be evaluated including of PCBs intake for population in the future.
Targeting a Long Noncoding RNA in Breast Cancer

A study of a specific long noncoding RNA in a mouse model of breast cancer shows that knockdown of its expression suppresses metastasis.
Using Individual Growth Curves to Model Reading Fluency

There are a wide variety of longitudinal models which focus on different aspects of the longitudinal or change process and make very different assumptions about the underlying processes that influence the stability or change in data across time. In this chapter, we focus on one specific type of longitudinal model: the individual growth model. Growth curve models provide researchers with a method to investigate systematic growth (or decline) in outcomes across time. Growth curve models allow for the estimation of growth parameters (such as the initial status and the growth rate) for each individual in the study. Using growth models, researchers can estimate distinct model-implied growth rates for each individual in the study and can explore both between- and within-person differences in change across time. Growth curve models can be estimated using either multilevel (mixed) or structural equation models (SEM). Although most basic growth models can fit in either framework, each of the techniques provides certain advantages. Therefore, in this chapter, we provide a brief introduction to individual growth curve modeling in both the multilevel and structural equation modeling frameworks, and demonstrate the approaches using an applied example.
Chemical and Biological Characterization of Natural Human Lymphoblastoid Interferon Alphas

The biological and chemical characterization of natural human interferon (IFN) alpha is essential in order to understand the structure and function of this family of related molecules. The identification of multiple species of human IFN-alpha derived from virus-induced lymphoblastoid cells was previously described (1–6). In this study, eighteen species of human IFN alpha (pr1–pr18) derived from Sendai-induced Namalwa cells (Wellferon, Wellcome Research Laboratories) were isolated by sequential monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography using NK2 Sepharose (Celltech), 111/21- Sepharose (7), M2Q-098 Sepharose (Hybritech), and 4F2-Sepharose (Amgen) and high performance liquid chromatography as previously described (3,4), and analyzed for activity in a variety of antiviral and immunological assays. In addition, the apparent molecular weights of the species were determined and several species were analyzed for their carbohydrate content.
Comments in response to “Comparative strength of women’s movements over time: conceptual, empirical, and theoretical innovations” by Amy G. Mazur, Dorothy E. McBride and Season Hoard

ABSTRACTThese comments tie the data set created by Mazur et al. to existing literature on social movements (in general) and women's movements (in particular). I emphasize the importance of considering these data from a perspective that blends cultural with more institutional views of gender.
HIV in Adolescents

HIV incidence is rising among adolescents with some populations at higher risk for HIV infection. Testing for HIV should be considered for all adolescents with more frequent testing for those at high risk. In local areas where HIV prevalence is greater than 0.1 %, routine HIV screening should be offered to all adolescents aged 13 years and older. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) are two programs utilizing medication to prevent HIV infection.