cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-Phase SR Drive with Flux-Reversal Free Stator and Balanced Normal Forces

This paper presents a two-phase switched reluctance machine (SRM) topology which has no flux reversals in the stator and balanced normal forces. It is an extension of a machine topology which was recently presented with a flux-reversal free stator (6/3), but the previous concept has inherently imbalanced radial force acting between the rotor and stator. These topologies are proposed in response to greater emphasis by industry and consumers on low-cost and high-efficiency variable speed drives in numerous applications. As such, SR drives with one or two electrical phases have attracted interest due to the simplicity of the machine construction and the electronic converter configuration. The two phase machine with a flux-reversal free stator was previously designed, analyzed, and experimentally verified in order to improve machine efficiency and reduce acoustic noise. However, further investigation of the particular topology revealed an imbalance of normal forces on the rotor. This paper proposes an extension of this structure to eliminate the imbalanced radial forces. For comparison, three machine topologies are designed and analyzed: a conventional two-phase SRM (4/2), the previous 6/3, and the proposed SRM (12/6) with balanced normal forces. Two-dimensional electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) is applied to each design. Particular attention was paid to minimizing torque ripple in the 12/6 design through shaping of the rotor pole. The data from FEA analysis is examined and reinforces that, although the 6/3 flux-reversal free topology does have the highest machine efficiency, it has a significant force imbalance acting between the rotor and stator. The 4/2 and 12/6 topologies have balanced radial forces and are comparable in terms of machine efficiency. The 12/6 design has significantly lower ripple torque than the 6/3 and 4/2 designs.
Detection and localization of antibody-forming cells to a bacterial endotoxin by an immunobioautographic procedure.

SummarySpecific antibody-forming cells to E. coli endotoxin were detected as discrete foci of bacteriolysis with intact spleen sections from mice immunized with varying concentrations of the antigen. Normal nonimmunized mice had an average of 1–2 antibody foci/spleen. Following immunization with 0.1–50 μg of endotoxin there was a rapid increase in the number of bacteriolytic foci, with a peak by the fourth to fifth day after antigen injection. Spleens of mice injected with 10–50 μg of antigen usually had confluent areas of bacteriolysis on the peak day. The animals receiving lower doses had fewer and more discrete antibody foci. Specificity was readily demonstrated by inhibition tests with specific antigen. In addition, the number of foci per spleen correlated with the increased number of single antibody plaqueforming cells, as detected by similar bacteriolytic antibody assays with dispersed cell suspensions. However, the increase in the number of single PFCs occurred later than did antibody foci. Similar...
BLUP(REMQL) estimation of a correlated random effects negative binomial hurdle model

Bed days is a potentially useful metric of efficiency in clinical studies involving the hospital admission decision. However, this metric involves excess zeros, possible overdispersion, and possible clustering (in multi-site studies). A random effects negative binomial hurdle model can account for each of these issues. We extend this model to include site-level correlation between the two component parts and implement best linear unbiased prediction-type estimation with restricted maximum quasi-likelihood. This approach offers computational advantages over maximum likelihood in a generalized linear mixed model setting. Simulations show that the proposed approach performs well for fixed effects and variance components under a plausible range of bivariate correlation. The Emergency Department Community Acquired Pneumonia study motivates this work and illustrates the methods.
Test & Set, Adaptive Renaming and Set Agreement: a Guided Visit to Asynchronous Computability

An important issue in fault-tolerant asynchronous computing is the respective power of an object type with respect to another object type. This question has received a lot of attention, mainly in the context of the consensus problem where a major advance has been the introduction of the consensus number notion that allows ranking the synchronization power of base object types (atomic registers, queues, test&set objects, compare&swap objects, etc.) with respect to the consensus problem. This has given rise to the well-known Herlihy's hierarchy. Due to its very definition, the consensus number notion is irrelevant for studying the respective power of object types that are too weak to solve consensus for an arbitrary number of processes (these objects are usually called subconsensus objects). Considering an asynchonous system made up of n processes prone to crash, this paper addresses the power of such object types, namely, the k-test&set object type, the k-set agreement object type, and the adaptive M-renaming object type for M = 2p - [P/N] and M = min(2p - 1,p + k - 1), where p < n is the number of processes that want to acquire a new name. It investigates their respective power stating the necessary and sufficient conditions to build objects of any of these types from objects of any of the other types. More precisely, the paper shows that (1) these object types define a strict hierarchy when k ne1,n - 1, (2) they all are equivalent when k = n - 1, and (3) they all are equivalent except k-set agreement that is stronger when k = 1 ne n - 1 (a side effect of these results is that that the consensus number of the renaming problem is 2.)
On “Research vs. Teaching”: A Long‐Term Perspective

A common, perennial topic of debate within the academic community involves the question of teaching vs. research. Some academics dream of a position with no teaching, or at least an extended sabbatical from teaching (and administration). Others complain that research is irrelevant in a professional school—that it is a form of consumption by the faculty that does nothing to train better managers or accounting professionals. In this commentary we argue that teaching and research are strong complements, not substitutes. Doing more of one increases the value of the other. Few important socialscience research findings have come from think tanks. Virtually all leading academics are located at institutions dedicated to both teaching and research. To preview our conclusion, we reject any notion of separating research and teaching. Students demand relevant course content—questions and answers that enhance their human capital. This helps guide our research and helps prevent us from teaching irrelevant material. In parallel fashion, we stress generation and consumption of research as essential to understanding both the relevance of what we teach and what we research and hence the impact of relevance on research. The relevance and productivity of research activities are essential to the long-run health of our university system. Students tend to be myopic and asymmetrically informed. Faculties often have better information about what students will find useful than the students themselves, or even recruiters. Hence, we would not advocate curricula designed by current students or alumni. Their input often provides useful information. However, the long-run success of our universities depends critically on our ability to design curricula and to provide incentives for research programs that maximize and balance current and future human capital accumulation by us, by our existing students, and by our future students. Accounting research has blossomed in the last quarter of a century. Yet, we continue to struggle with understanding its relevance and how we, as individual academics, might best attain and maintain research productivity. What follows are some personal opinions on the complementary nature of teaching and research and how these affect our
The origins and development of the Northeast Asian political economy: industrial sectors, product cycles, and political consequences

Theories of the product cycle, hegemony, and the world system are used to analyze the creation and development of the Northeast Asian political economy in this century. Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have each developed in a particular relationship with the others; the three taken together form a hierarchical, constantly interacting political-economic unit. During the period of colonial rule Japan was unique in building an imperial economic unit marked by a strong role for the state (whether in Tokyo or Taipei), by a tight, integral Unking of all three nations into a communications and transport network running toward the metropole, and by a strategy of both using the colonies for agricultural surpluses and then locating industries there. After 1945 a diffuse American hegemony replaced Japan's unilateral system, but elements of the prewar model have survived: strong states direct economic development in South Korea and Taiwan (here termed “bureaucratic-authoritarian industrializing regimes”); both countries are receptacles for Japan's declining industries; and both countries develop in tandem, if in competition, with each other. The most recent export-led competition has seen Taiwan succeed where South Korea has (temporarily?) failed, leaving Seoul in an export-led “trap,” burdened with rapidly increasing external debt. Taiwan, furthermore, has industrialized relatively free of social disruption, whereas Korean society resisted its transformation at Japanese hands and remains more rebellious today. There can be one Japan and one Taiwan, but not two or many of either, in the world economy.
Inductive bases and their application to searches for minimal unary NFAs

Classic results in the theory of regular languages show that the problem of converting an NFA (nondeterministic finite automaton) into a minimal equivalent NFA is NP-hard, even for NFAs over a unary alphabet. This paper describes work on fast search techniques for finding minimal NFAs. The foundation of our approach is a characterization theorem for NFAs: we prove that a language is recognized by an n-state NFA iff it has what we call an inductive basis of size n. Using this characterization, we develop a fast incremental search for minimal NFAs for unary languages. We study the performance of our search algorithm experimentally, showing that, as compared with exhaustive search, it cuts the search space dramatically.
Corticosteroids and local anesthetics decrease positive effects of platelet-rich plasma: an in vitro study on human tendon cells.

Purpose To determine the effects of mixing anesthetics or corticosteroids with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on human tenocytes in vitro. Methods Two separate protocols (double spin and single spin) were used to obtain homologous PRP from the blood of 8 healthy volunteers. Discarded tendon acquired during biceps tenodesis served as tendon specimens for all experiments. After cell isolation, tenocytes were treated in culture with PRP alone or in combination with corticosteroids and/or anesthetics. Fetal bovine serum in concentrations of 2% and 10% served as controls. Cell exposure times of 5, 10, and 30 minutes were used. Radioactive thymidine and luminescence assays were obtained to examine cell proliferation and viability. Results The presence of lidocaine, bupivacaine, or methylprednisolone resulted in significantly less proliferation than the negative 2% fetal bovine serum control ( P P P Conclusions The addition of either anesthetics or corticosteroids to PRP resulted in statistically significant decreases in tenocyte proliferation and cell viability. These results suggest that incorporation of anesthetics or corticosteroids, either alone or in combination, with PRP injection may compromise the potentially beneficial in vitro effects of isolated PRP on tendon cells and compromise cell viability at the site of tendon injury. Clinical Relevance Anesthetics or corticosteroids either alone or in combination should be used carefully to preserve the proposed positive effects of PRP in the treatment of tendon injury.
Sand‐rich injectites in the context of short‐lived and long‐lived fluid flow

Sand-rich injectites are a common attribute of clastic sedimentary successions, and they have received increased attention in the last decade by geoscientists and engineers dealing with shallow subsurface flow and retention of aqueous and hydrocarbon fluids. Injectites form due to fluidized flow of sediment-entraining fluids through high-permeability strata. Given that sediment entrainment is confined to high-permeability sediments with low horizontal effective stress and negligible cementation, the formation of sand-rich injectites is restricted to the first kilometre of burial, where sand-rich sediments are prone to fluidization and clay-rich sediments are generally more cohesive and may hydraulically fracture to allow the creation of injectites. When reviewing conditions that may lead to aqueous and hydrocarbon flow within this shallow section at velocities that may cause sand fluidization and injection, we can rule out geologic time-scale processes (disequilibrium compaction, hydrocarbon migration, and lateral pressure transfer) as plausible causes. This emphasizes the need for high-strain-rate processes to cause rapid fluid overpressuring and flow associated with sand injection. Earthquake-induced shaking, instantaneous loading and release of overpressured fluids along moving fault planes are the most likely causes of sand remobilization and injection and these processes may enforce each other during tectonic stress-release events. An additional mechanism that may trigger sand-rich injections is the mechanical failure of shallow oil accumulations, particularly as the fluidization velocity of sand entrained in oil can be several orders of magnitude lower than for sand entrained in aqueous fluids, particularly if the oil is biodegraded (and thus has a high dynamic viscosity). Flow of hydrocarbon gas is unlikely to cause sand injection, although gas dissolved in upward-flowing aqueous fluids may evolve at or near the surface as pressures in the aqueous phase drop.
Inhibition of Transformation in Group H Streptococci by Lysogeny

Group H streptococcal strains Challis and WE4 were lysogenized with a bacteriophage isolated from strain Channon, after which their capacity for transformation to streptomycin and rifampin resistance was reduced by three orders of magnitude. The probable reason is the inability of the lysogenized strains to bind deoxyribonucleic acid irreversibly, even though they exhibit earlier stages of competence development during a competence regimen.
Energy Maps for Long-Range Path Planning for Small- and Micro - UAVs

This paper presents a method for planning trajectories which exploit atmospheric energy to enable long distance, long duration ights by small and micro unmanned aerial vehicles. It introduces the energy map, which computes the minimum total energy required to reach the goal from an arbitrary starting point while accounting for the eect of arbitrary wind elds. The energy map provides the path to the goal as a sequence of way points, the optimal speeds to y for each segment between way points and the heading required to y along a segment. Since the energy map is based on the minimum total energy required to reach the goal it immediately answers the question of existence of a feasible solution for a particular starting point and initial total energy. The energy map can also be used in conjunction with other components of a cost function (e.g. time to reach the goal) for use in generic trajectory planners.
A scalable snoopy coherence scheme on distributed shared-memory multiprocessors

The authors present a scalable snoopy scheme based on a single-hop-connected multiple-bus topology. To reduce the hardware complexity, each processor will snoop on a dynamically changing subset of the buses. The physically-distributed-logically-shared memory model is chosen to let processors take advantage of local memory accesses for private data. The proposed scheme can enjoy fast memory access and can also take advantage of greater scalability. At the same time, the number of transceivers can grow naturally with the number of processors in the system. Comparing this solution with the directory schemes and the traditional snoopy coherent schemes indicates that the performance of the scheme is promising. >
Lensless imaging for point-of-care testing

We show a platform that merges a microfluidic chip with lensless imaging for CD4+ T-lymphocyte counting at resource-limited settings. To capture CD4+ T lymphocytes, anti-CD4 antibody was immobilized on a microfluidic chip. The captured cells were detected by a charge coupled device (CCD) sensor using lensless shadow imaging techniques. Gray scale shadow images of captured cells on the chip (24 mm × 4 mm × 50 μm) were enumerated in three seconds using an automatic cell counting software. The device achieved 70.2 ± 6.5% capture efficiency, 88.8 ± 5.4% capture specificity for CD4+ T-lymphocytes, 96 ± 1.6% CCD efficiency, and 83.5 ± 2.4% overall platform performance (n = 3D 9 devices). This integrated platform has potential for point-of-care testing (POCT) to rapidly capture, image and count specific cell types from unprocessed whole blood.
Semantic Event Detection using Conditional Random Fields

Semantic event detection is an active research field of video mining in recent years. One of the challenging problems is how to effectively model temporal and multi-modality characteristics of video. In this paper, we employ Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) to fuse temporal multi-modality cues for event detection. CRFs are undirected probabilistic models designed for segmenting and labeling sequence data. Compared with traditional SVM and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), CRFs based event detection offers several particular advantages including the abilities to relax strong independence assumptions in the state transition and avoid a fundamental limitation of directed graphical models. To detect event, we use a three-level framework based on multi-modality fusion and mid-level keywords. The first level extracts audiovisual features, the mid-level detects semantic keywords, and the high-level infers semantic events from multiple keyword sequences. The experimental results from soccer highlights detection demonstrate that CRFs achieves better performance particularly in slice level measure.
Lacandon Maya ecosystem management: sustainable design for subsistence and environmental restoration

Indigenous groups have designed and managed their ecosystems for generations, resulting in biodiversity protection while producing for their family's needs. Here we describe the agroecosystem of the Lacandon Maya, an indigenous group who live in Chiapas, Mexico. The Lacandon practice a form of swidden agriculture that conserves the surrounding rain forest ecosystem while cycling the majority of their land through five successional stages. These stages include an herbaceous stage, two shrub stages, and two forest stages. A portion of their land is kept in primary forest. This study presents the Lacandon traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) for agroforestry and quantitatively describes the plant community and the associated soil ecology of each successional stage. Also documented is the knowledge of the Lacandon regarding the immediate use of plant species and plant species useful for soil fertility enhancement. Woody plant diversity increases during the successional stages of the Lacandon system, and by the beginning of the first forest stage, the diversity is similar to that of the primary forest. In all stages, Lacandon use 60% of the available plant species for food, medicine, and raw materials. Approximately 45% of the woody plant species present in each fallow stage were thought by the Lacandon to enhance soil fertility. Total soil nitrogen and soil organic matter increased with successional stage and with time from intentional burn. Nutrient and soil nematode dynamics in shrub stages related to the presence of introduced and managed plants, indicating engineered soil enhancement by the Lacandon. The effects on biodiversity and soil ecology coupled with productivity for agricultural subsistence indicate that Lacandon TEK may offer tools for environmental conservation that would provide for a family's basic needs while maintaining a biodiverse rain forest ecosystem. Tools such as these may offer options for regional restoration and conservation efforts such as the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor in Mexico and Central America, where attainment of environmental goals must include methods to provide resources to local inhabitants.
VFerret: content-based similarity search tool for continuous archived video

This paper describes VFerret, a content-based similarity search tool for continuous archived video. Instead of depending on attributes or annotations to search desired data from long-time archived video, our system allows users to perform content-based similarity search using visual and audio features, and to combine content-based similarity search with traditional search methods. Our preliminary experience and evaluation shows that content-based similarity search is easy to use and can achieve 0.79 average precision on our simple benchmark. The system is constructed using Ferret toolkit and its memory footprint for metadata is quite small, requiring about 1.4Gbytes for one year of continuous archived video data.
Adherence to prophylactic infusions of factor VIII or factor IX for haemophilia.

Medication non-adherence is a true public health problem. Despite advancements in the molecular understanding of disease and improvements in therapy, patient health outcomes will not improve unless patients take prescribed medications. Decreasing the gap between efficacious and effective therapy for patients with haemophilia is an essential research agenda. Adherence is particularly important for patients on prophylaxis. Prophylactic infusion of factor VIII or IX has proven efficacy in preventing chronic joint disease and is considered the standard of care for children with severe haemophilia A and B [1,2]. However, the effectiveness of the prophylaxis depends on the recommendation of prophylaxis by the physician and adherence to the recommended regimen. Less than 40% of patients with severe haemophilia currently receive prophylaxis [3,4]. In a survey of haemophilia treatment centres, 37% of physicians reported that patient compliance was a barrier in implementing prophylactic therapy [5]. Haemophilia is a chronic disease, which requires long-term prophylactic therapy to prevent joint disease. Patients on primary prophylaxis are asymptomatic and may not see the benefits of prophylaxis. The treatment regimen is complex, requiring factor preparation and intravenous infusion. The treatment is also homebased so that it is not directly supervised by a physician or nurse. Previous adherence research in
The Telescience Tools: Version 2.0

For over the last decade, researchers at the National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research (NCMIR, http://ncrrdr.ucsd.edu) have been developing and implementing novel technologies to propel collaborative research. NCMIR has built flexible high throughput, cyber infrastructure environments which connect researchers to advanced imaging instruments datagrids and computational grids. Through the integration of pioneering research in remote instrumentation research (known as Telemicroscopytrade) and grid based distributed computing and data management, this group demonstrated this vision in the context of The Telescience Project (https://telescience.ucsd.edu). Telescience provides an end-to-end, single sign-on solution for biomedical image analysis and structure-function correlation that integrates users with resources and applications with unified security and without prohibitive complexity. Here, we describe the flattening and generalization of the layers of software that make up the Grid-based system architecture of the project. In particular, we focus on the maturation and generalization of the architecture, including the development of an Application to middleware interaction component (ATOMIC) services fabric that streamlines application integration with core grid middleware. This broadening of the overall grid service architecture is the product of over 6 years of user-developer iterative software refinement cycles which have resulted in a suite of Telescience Tools that provide generalized solutions for increasing the interoperability of user interfaces (Web portals and applications) and externally addressable grid resources (instruments and computers)
Differential Diagnosis of Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis

The conditions of rhinitis and sinusitis (rhinosinusitis) affect millions of people yearly and have significant effects on quality of life and health-care costs. Rhinitis and sinusitis can overlap in clinical presentation, sometimes making it difficult to distinguish between them. The diagnosis of these conditions should be based on a comprehensive systematic approach that considers the different types of rhinitis and sinusitis, as well as conditions that mimic them. It is important to differentiate between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis given potential differences in their management. Sinusitis can occur as both acute and chronic forms. While the most common cause of acute sinusitis is a viral upper respiratory infection, bacterial infection may be the etiology when symptoms last longer than 7–14 days. Diagnosis of acute sinusitis is based primarily on clinical history and exam. Chronic sinusitis (symptoms lasting ≥12 weeks) has a broader spectrum of potential etiologies, and the diagnosis should be supplemented with objective measures, such as nasal endoscopy or sinus CT. Chronic sinusitis can be broadly divided based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps. Facial pain and pressure are not reliable for predicting the presence of objective findings of sinusitis. Certain symptoms and signs could suggest serious complications from sinusitis and would indicate the need for more urgent assessment and intervention: facial swelling and/or erythema over an involved sinus, visual changes, abnormal extraocular movements, proptosis, periorbital inflammation/edema, and central nervous system symptoms.
Spiritual Assessment in Social Work and Mental Health Practice, by David R. Hodge

The topic of spiritual assessment receives token mentioning in many classes, as there have been no good textbooks from which to teach. As the author here notes, most social workers (and other profe...
A New Fault-Tolerant Strategy Based on a Modified Selective Harmonic Technique for Three-Phase Multilevel Converters With a Single Faulty Cell

This paper proposes a new fault-tolerant strategy to revamp performance of three-phase multilevel converters with a single faulty switch. The proposed fault-tolerant strategy is based on the application of a modified selective harmonic elimination (SHE) technique in conjunction with the fundamental phase-shift compensation method. The proposed fault-tolerant strategy makes the most use of the converter capacity in the faulty condition, generates balanced line voltages, and eliminates a wide range of lower order harmonics to limit the total harmonic distribution of the converter voltages in the faulty condition. In this paper, first, a brief background about cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters and SHE technique is provided. Then, the proposed fault-tolerant strategy and the modified SHE technique are presented. Finally, several experimental results are provided to validate the operation of the proposed strategy.
DOUBLE SAMPLING TO ESTIMATE DENSITY AND POPULATION TRENDS IN BIRDS

Abstract We present a method for estimating density of nesting birds based on double sampling. The approach involves surveying a large sample of plots using a rapid method such as uncorrected point counts, variable circular plot counts, or the recently suggested double-observer method. A subsample of those plots is also surveyed using intensive methods to determine actual density. The ratio of the mean count on those plots (using the rapid method) to the mean actual density (as determined by the intensive searches) is used to adjust results from the rapid method. The approach works well when results from the rapid method are highly correlated with actual density. We illustrate the method with three years of shorebird surveys from the tundra in northern Alaska. In the rapid method, surveyors covered ∼10 ha h–1 and surveyed each plot a single time. The intensive surveys involved three thorough searches, required ∼3 h ha–1, and took 20% of the study effort. Surveyors using the rapid method detected an averag...
Evaluation of Arzama densa as an Aid in the Control of Water Hyacinth in Louisiana

Water hyacinth, Eichornia crassipes Solms, is an introduced weed which grows in canals, bayous, and ponds in Louisiana. Most control efforts have been with herbicides. Larvae of the noctuid Anama densa walker were found to feed on water hyacinth, causing some plants to die and preventing development of seed heads on others. Young larvae feed on the epidermis of leaves, stems, and crown. Older larvae bore into the crowns, stolons, and leaf petioles. Feeding on the inside the crown caused a loss of apical dominance and subsequent development of excessive numbers of lateral buds. There is a possibility that this insect can be used as an aid in reducing populations of this noxious weed where it is adversely affecting navigation and fish habitats.
E-029 Flow Diverter Treatment of a Ruptured Anterior Cerebral Artery Blister Aneurysm

Introduction “Blister” type aneurysms (BA) are rare, atypical vascular lesions with fragile wall, broad base, difficult visualisation on imaging and high risk of rupture. Endovascular treatment of these aneurysms remains very challenging. While neck-remodelling with balloons and stents, or open surgery are available options, fragility of the thin aneurysm wall and lack of a true neck make treatment very high risk. The use of flow diverters is a possible alternative, but only limited data is available on this new therapeutic modality for BA treatment. Objective We report a case of flow diverter placement allowing successful endovascular treatment of a ruptured “blister” aneurysm on the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). We review currently available literature on this topic. Methods A 60-year-old female presented with extensive subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) from a left A1 segment 2.7 mm BA. An EVD was placed a day before intervention. The patient was loaded on aspirin and clopidogrel approximately 6 hours before the procedure. Adequate platelet response was confirmed by platelet aggregometry. Under general anaesthesia, a standard microcatheter and intermediate catheter were used to access the left ACA. The microcatheter was advanced into the left A2 segment, carefully passing the affected vessel portion and aneurysm neck. Slow deployment of the device was achieved without complications. A single device was used. For comparison and review, we searched the literature via standard online resources for flow diverter treatment of blister type aneurysms. Results Successful placement of the flow diverter device resulted in excellent neck coverage and wall opposition. Immediate stagnation in the small aneurysm lumen was seen. Further follow-up angiograms at 3 and 7 days demonstrated complete occlusion of the aneurysm lumen. The patient’s EVD was removed on postoperative day 7 while continuing antiplatelet agents without any complications. The patient made a good neurologic recovery. There are very few cases of ruptured BA flow diverter treatments currently published, none in smaller ACA vessels. Conclusion We effectively treated an acutely ruptured BA in the ACA with a flow diverter device. Although peri-procedural management in the acute SAH period can be challenging due to the obligatory use of dual antiplatelet therapy, flow diverter treatment is now a potential therapeutic alternative for high-risk blister type aneurysms, even in smaller vessels. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a ruptured BA flow diverter treatment in ACA vessels. Disclosures G. Toth: None. M. Bain: None. S. Hussain: None. F. Hui: None. P. Rasmussen: 1; C; ev3. 4; C; Penumbra, Blockade Medical. 6; C; ev3, Penumbra, Possis Medrad, Codman Neurovascular.
Testing Real-Time In-Home Fall Alerts with Embedded Depth Video Hyperlink

A method for sending real-time fall alerts containing an embedded hyperlink to a depth video clip of the suspected fall was evaluated in senior housing. A previously reported fall detection method using the Microsoft Kinect was used to detect naturally occurring falls in the main living area of each apartment. In this paper, evaluation results are included for 12 apartments over a 101 day period in which 34 naturally occurring falls were detected. Based on computed fall confidences, real-time alerts were sent via email to facility staff. The alerts contained an embedded hyperlink to a short depth video clip of the suspected fall. Recipients were able to click on the hyperlink to view the clip on any device supporting play back of MPEG-4 video, such as smart phones, to immediately determine if the alert was for an actual fall or a false alarm. Benefits and limitations of the technology are discussed.
ON THE THEORETICAL MODELING OF HUMAN JOINTS

Abstract Realistically developed theoretical models of human joints play a significant role in understanding both normal and abnormal joint functions, as well as improving biodynamic response of multi-segmented total-human-body models. In this paper various aspects of both quasi-static and dynamic modeling of human joints are discussed and presented. Primary emphasis is placed on the two-dimensional dynamic modeling of an articulating joint defined by the contact surfaces of two body segments which execute a relative motion within the constraints of the joint ligaments. The joint ligaments are modeled as nonlinear elastic springs of realistic stiffness properties. Nonlinear euqations of motion coupled with nonlinear constraint conditions are solved numerically. By considering the human knee joint as an example some numerical results are presented on the magnitudes of the ligament and contact forces at the joint.
A Concept Analysis of Digital Citizenship for Democratic Citizenship Education in the Internet Age

Despite the importance of promoting socially responsible citizenship in the Internet age, there is a paucity of research on how digital citizenship or digital citizens might be defined and/or investigated. This study found 4 major categories that construct digital citizenship: Ethics, Media and Information Literacy, Participation/Engagement, and Critical Resistance. Based on these comprehensive and interconnected categories of digital citizenship, the author argues that digital citizenship needs to be understood as a multidimensional and complex concept in connection with an interrelated but non-linear relationship with offline (place-based) civic lives.
Peristomal Recurrence: Pathophysiology, Prevention, Treatment

Postlaryngectomy peristomal recurrence is the most devastating late complication of laryngeal carcinoma. Its development is most closely associated with emergency tracheotomy done prior to definitive treatment of the primary tumor and with subglottic tumor involvement. The pathophysiologic mechanism of the development of peristomal recurrence is by tumor seeding of the tracheotomy site, by metastatic spread to the pretracheal and paratracheal nodes (especially from the subglottis), and by direct extension of tumor through the thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, or cricothyroid membrane. The best treatment is the prevention of peristomal recurrence. Intubation followed by partial laser excision of the primary tumor can be used to avoid tracheotomy in some cases. Patients showing subglottic involvement by tumor should undergo either postoperative irradiation of the stoma or prophylactic recurrent laryngeal lymphatic and superior mediastinal dissection by removal of the manubrium sterni and sternoclavicular joints. When peristomal recurrence develops, radiation alone offers the least chance of success. Induction chemotherapy should be considered when the condition of the patient allows this. This must be coupled with full course irradiation or mediastinal dissection in operable patients. Mediastinal dissection should be done only by those experienced with the technique and should be accompanied by appropriate postoperative support.
Live and Active Cultures: Gender, Ethnicity, and “Greek” Yogurt in America

Using a transnational and comparative cultural studies approach, this essay investigates how yogurt, perceived as a strange and foreign food in the early to mid-twentieth-century United States, became localized through intersectional processes of feminization and de-exoticization. In the transition from the 1970s to the 1980s, the dairy industry adopted a postfeminist ethos, which co-opted the hippie and feminist self-care movements that had made yogurt a staple health food outside the purview of the medical-industrial complex and on the margins of the market economy. Increasingly, yogurt was marketed to the prototypical (white middle class) dieting female, expected to discipline her body by consuming pre-proportioned approximations of dessert. The rising popularity of “Greek yogurt” in the early twenty-first century has modified this cultural neutralization by foregrounding a nonthreatening “white” ethnicity—while furthering the feminization of yogurt consumption and obscuring connections to the food cultures of the Middle East.
Tracking Millions of Humans in Crowded Spaces

In this chapter, we present all the technical details that lead to successfully understanding the mobility of more than a hundred million individuals in crowded train terminals over the course of two years. We cover the full spectrum of an intelligent system that detects and tracks humans in high density crowds using a camera network. We share detailed insights on how to address the occlusion problem with sparsity promoting priors and discrete combinatorial optimization that models social interactions.
Recent therapeutic advances in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The last several years have witnessed a paradigm shift in the management of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The course of this very heterogeneous disease, traditionally treated with chemotherapeutic agents usually in combination with rituximab, typically has been characterized by remissions and relapses, and survival times vary greatly, depending on intrinsic biological attributes of the leukemia. The developments of the last few years have been transformative, ushering in an era of novel, molecularly targeted therapies, made possible by extensive efforts to elucidate the biology of the disease that predated the new targeted drugs. Thus, successful therapeutic targeting of the B-cell receptor signaling pathway and of the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein with small molecules has now made chemotherapy-free approaches possible, hopefully mitigating the risk of development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms and making eventual cure of CLL with the use of optimal drug combinations a realistic goal. Most importantly, these therapies have demonstrated unprecedented efficacy in patients with deletion 17p/TP53 mutation, a subset that historically has been very difficult to treat. However, as we gain more experience with the newer agents, unique safety concerns and resistance mechanisms have emerged, as has the issue of cost, as these expensive drugs are currently administered indefinitely. Accordingly, novel laboratory-based strategies and clinical trial designs are being explored to address these issues. The availability of whole exome/genome sequencing has given us profound insights into the mutational landscape of CLL. In this article, we highlight some of the most impactful advances since this topic was last reviewed in this journal.
Immune cytolysis of human malignant melanoma by antibody to oncofetal antigen-I (OFA-I)

IgG anti-OFA-I found in melanoma patients was tested for its ability to lyse human tumor cells in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Sera from 89 stage II melanoma patients which contained non-HLA-related IgG antibody to an OFA-I-positive melanoma cell line (M14) as tested by indirect membrane immunofluorescence (IMI) were originally chosen as possible sources of IgG anti-OFA-I. Of those tested for specific IgG activity to OFA-I by IMI, anti-OFA-I was found only in those patients immunized with OFA-I-positive tumor cells. When the same sera were tested in ADCC, no non-HLA-related activity could be demonstrated. This result was confirmed with purified IgG fractions that could, nevertheless, show anti-OFA-I reactivity in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay. The fact that naturally occurring IgG anti-OFA-I antibody was not readily detectable in patients' sera and that induced IgG anti-OFA-I did not participate in ADCC indicates that OFA-I-related tumor cell lysis via ADCC is an unlikely phenomenon in cancer patients.
Solvent extraction and separation of Y(III) from sulfate, nitrate and chloride solutions using PC88A diluted in kerosene

Solvent extraction of yttrium (Y) from different aqueous solutions using the organic extractant 2- ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (PC88A) diluted in kerosene was investigated. S...
Robotic Reoperative Anti-reflux Surgery: Low Perioperative Morbidity and High Symptom Resolution

Laparoscopic reoperative anti-reflux surgery (ARS) has a significantly higher morbidity than laparoscopic primary ARS; however, it is not known whether the same pattern exists within the robotic approach. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of robotic reoperative ARS in comparison with primary robotic ARS. A retrospective review of patients undergoing primary or reoperative robotic ARS at a tertiary referral center between 2012 and 2017 was performed. Perioperative outcomes and long-term symptom resolution were evaluated. A total of 200 patients were included (38 reoperative and 162 primary ARS). Baseline characteristics were comparable across groups. Seven (18.4%) of the reoperative patients had two or more prior foregut operations. Patients in the reoperative group had a longer operative time (226 vs. 180 min, p < 0.001). There were no conversions to open technique, and one patient in the reoperative group (2.6%) had an intraoperative perforation. Twenty of the 38 reoperative patients (52.6%) were discharged within 24 h as compared to 109/162 primary patients (64.9%) (p = 0.09). The readmission rate and postoperative complication rates were 6 and 3%, respectively, and did not differ between groups. At a mean follow-up of 1 year, complete or partial resolution of preoperative symptoms was achieved in 97% of primary patients and 100% of reoperative patients (p = 0.4). The robotic approach allows for minimal morbidity, short length of stay, and excellent functional outcomes in patients undergoing reoperative ARS when compared to patients undergoing primary ARS.
PLASTICITY | Circuitry Reorganization, Regeneration, and Sprouting

In refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, the hippocampal formation seems pivotal in the development of epileptogenesis. Hippocampal neurons are highly vulnerable to excitotoxicity and hypoxia, and the hippocampus often becomes the source of refractory seizures. Recurrent hippocampal seizures also lead to neuronal loss. As neurons die, there is a deafferentation of their synaptic targets, which in turn appears to trigger a structural reorganization that results in re-enervation of those postsynaptic neurons. Although the initial ‘rationale’ for the rewiring of this circuitry might be viewed as homeostatic, morphological plasticity seems to permanently increase the excitatory nature of the hippocampal circuitry, especially after several repeated seizures. These alterations increase susceptibility to later recurrent seizures – i.e., mechanisms contributing to epileptogenesis.
Adolescent Cannabis Use and Conduct Problems: The Mediating Influence of Callous-Unemotional Traits.

Cannabis use has been linked to an increased risk of engaging in conduct problem behaviors. However, little existing research has considered intervening processes and shared risk factors that may contribute to this association. The current investigation examines whether callous-unemotional traits, which have shown associations with adolescent cannabis use and conduct problem development, may exhibit a mediating influence on this relationship. Using a longitudinal cohort of youth (n = 390) at increased risk for escalating in their use of cannabis, we found that baseline cannabis use (age ~ 15) was associated with higher levels of trait-like conduct problems (ages ~ 16 and 17), even after controlling for important autoregressive and cross-lagged effects, along with a number of other shared risk factors (e.g., co-occurring substance use, age, sex). Findings also revealed that callous-unemotional traits partially mediated this relationship, with the hypothesized model accounting for approximately one third of the report [ variance in the conduct problem outcome (R2 = .34). These results indicate that callous-unemotional traits may play an important intermediary role in the association between cannabis use and the development of problem behaviors.
Limitations on Tritium Transport Through Fusion Reactors

The propensity of gases and molten salts to impede tritium permeation have been examined, and the results indicate that helium as a coolant or flibe (LiBeF/sub 3/) as a blanket material would reduce tritium permeation in extant designs to negligible rates. For example, the tritium release rates from the Princeton Reference Design would be two to three orders of magnitude less than that calculated under the assumption (used in the design report) that fluids would not affect the permeation rate. The tritium permeation characteristics of novel reactor designs may be evaluated by a straightforward procedure. First, the tritium mass transport rates in the fluids are computed from the Chilton-Colburn j-factor analogies, the Gilliland correlations, or a simple transformation of heat transfer data. The asymptotic fluid-limited and metal-limited permeation rates are then equated to identify the tritium pressure regime in which a transition occurs in the rate-limiting mechanism.
Feeds, Ration Formulation | Models in Nutritional Management

Mathematical models of nutrition have been in use for over three decades and have stimulated improvements in feeding cattle. The field of animal nutrition has led the way in development and application of computer models in research and management. Now, more complete data sets and precise mathematical approaches have allowed us to improve and expand models of nutrient use. Models vary in complexity according to their objectives. Scientific models are usually developed downward from basic experimental data pertaining to metabolic processes. Production models are used to portray animal responses to different inputs. They are created from collections of data from animal- or herd-level experiments and are developed downward. These models are valid only within the domain of the data used in their development and should not be used to extrapolate beyond that. They are used in optimization of ration formulation and in whole-farm nutrient management. Various computer programs that are available for on-farm nutrient management planning are described. Research models are allowing us to explicitly include genetic information from genomic and transcriptomic work into nutrition models; in addition, these models are being expanded to the role of nutrition in reproduction and disease as well as environmental efficiency.