cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microstructural Characterization and Mathematical Model of Microcolloids Contact Mechanism in c-Si Solar Cells

The current paths in the screen-printed contact of a solar cell have been proposed to be (i) through Ag crystallites embedded in Si, (ii) tunneling through the thin interface glass layer between silicon and gridline and (iii) through Ag nanoparticle assisted tunneling. The fourth path through the micro-colloids is hereby proposed based on the characterization and mathematical model of a screen-printed contact to a 95 Ω/sq emitter. According to Raman spectroscopy and conductive AFM, it has been established that the glass with micro-colloids after contact formation is highly conductive due to colloids containing low bandgap semi-metals. Thus, such glass serves as a path with low contact resistance for current transport from Si to the Ag gridline. This model is particularly applicable to lowly doped emitter, which would not be contacted ordinarily with low contact resistance based on the barrier height of the interface dielectric.
Circadian analysis of the mouse retinal pigment epithelium transcriptome.

Abstract The presence of a phagocytic peak of photoreceptor outer segments by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) one or 2 h after the onset of light has been reported for several diurnal and nocturnal species. This peak in phagocytic activity also persists under constant lighting conditions (i.e., constant light or dark) thus demonstrating that the timing of this peak is driven by a circadian clock. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in RPE whole transcriptome at two different circadian times (CT; 1 h before (CT23) and 1 h after (CT1) subjective light onset). C57BL/6J male mice were maintained in constant dark conditions for three days and euthanized under red light (
Antenatal dietary concordance among mothers and fathers and gestational weight gain: a longitudinal study

Parent-child dietary concordance is associated with child diet, but the clinical implications of mother-father dietary concordance during pregnancy are unknown. This study evaluates antenatal mother-father dietary concordance and associations with gestational weight gain (GWG). Mother-father (n = 111) dyads with low income reported their fruit/vegetable (FV), fast food (FF), and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption frequency during the first trimester of pregnancy. From electronic health records, we collected height and self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and calculated pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). The primary outcome was excessive GWG for pre-pregnancy BMI. Dyads were categorized as healthy or unhealthy concordant (consuming similarly high or low amounts of FV, FF, or SSB), or mother-healthy or father-healthy discordant (consuming different amounts of FV, FF, or SSB). Multivariable and logistic regressions analyzed associations between dietary concordance and GWG. Mothers were Hispanic (25%), 43% White, 6% Black, and 23% Asian or Other. Most mothers were employed (62%) making <$50,000/year (64%). Average maternal GWG was 11.6 kg (SD = 6.40), and 36% had excessive GWG. Mothers in the mother-healthy discordant FV group (OR = 4.84; 95% CI = 1.29, 18.22) and the unhealthy concordant FF group (OR = 7.08; 95% CI = 2.08, 24.12) had higher odds for excessive GWG, compared to healthy concordant dyads. SSB concordance was associated with higher GWG in unadjusted, but not adjusted models. Mothers had higher risk for excessive GWG when both partners had unhealthy FF consumption frequency, and when fathers had unhealthy FV consumption frequency. These findings imply that fathers should be involved in educational opportunities regarding dietary intake during pregnancy.
COVID-19-Pandemie – eine sozialmedizinische Betrachtung

Social medicine, as a clinical-theoretical subject, combines knowledge and methods from medicine and social sciences, also in relation to the COVID pandemic In outpatient and inpatient care facilities of applied social medicine, doctors and representatives of psychosocial professions are active in the prevention and epidemiology of pandemics Tracking contacts is a central task of the health authorities A prerequisite for successful prevention is educating the population about the risks and possibilities of preventing a Covid 19 disease as well as trust in the work of the responsible institutions
Adolescent electronic cigarette use and tobacco smoking in the Millennium Cohort Study.

Aims To evaluate the catalyst, diversion and common liability hypotheses by examining associations between e-cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking at modal ages 14 and 17 years, controlling for adolescent and infancy risk factors. Design Intergenerational, prospective cohort data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). Nationally representative sample of infants born September 2000 to January, 2002. Setting United Kingdom. Participants Parent and child data from 10 625 youth assessed in infancy and modal ages 11, 14 and 17 years. Measurements Age 14 and 17 e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use (recency, frequency). Potential confounders were age 11 risk factors (e.g. alcohol use, externalizing behaviors, parental tobacco use, permissiveness), infancy risk factors (e.g. maternal smoking during pregnancy, smoke exposure in infancy) and demographic characteristics. Findings Among youth who had not smoked tobacco by age 14 (n = 9046), logistic regressions estimated that teenagers who used e-cigarettes by age 14 compared with non-e-cigarette users, had more than five times higher odds of initiating tobacco smoking by age 17 [odds ratio (OR) = 5.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.28-8.38] and nearly triple the odds of being a frequent tobacco smoker at age 17 (OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.56-5.41), net of risk factors and demographics. Among youth who had not used e-cigarettes by age 14 (n = 9078), teenagers who had smoked tobacco cigarettes by age 14 had three times higher odds of initiating e-cigarettes by age 17 (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.74-5.09) compared with non-tobacco smokers and nearly three times higher odds of frequently using e-cigarettes at age 17 (OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.21-6.95), net of confounders. Similar links between e-cigarette and tobacco cigarette use were observed in regressions following coarsened exact matching. Conclusions E-cigarette use by age 14 is associated with increased odds of tobacco cigarette initiation and frequent smoking at age 17 among British youth. Similarly, tobacco smoking at age 14 is associated with increased odds of both e-cigarette initiation and frequent use at age 17.
A High-Fidelity Model to Predict Length of Stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Having an interpretable, dynamic length-of-stay model can help hospital administrators and clinicians make better decisions and improve the quality of care. The widespread implementation of electro...
Solution Photochemistry and Kinetics of Palladium(II) Complexes

Recent work with palladium(II) complexes as homogenous catalysts for oxidation of olefins (1), conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to formic acid (2,3), and studies of carbonate-palladium(II) complexes (4–7) , and involvement of such complexes in some catalytic systems (8), led us to investigate the equilibria leading to creation of a catalytic site in aqueous solution. Such studies provide insight into the nature of homogeneous catalysis and related photochemical investigations of palladium complexes (9–11) suggest possible new catalytic reactions and enhancement of known reactions.
Continuous Cultivation for Apparent Optimization of Defined Media for Cellulomonas sp. and Bacillus cereus.

Steady-state continuous culture was used to optimize lean chemically defined media for a Cellulomonas sp. and Bacillus cereus strain T. Both organisms were extremely sensitive to variations in trace-metal concentrations. However, medium optimization by this technique proved rapid, and multifactor screening was easily conducted by using a minimum of instrumentation. The optimized media supported critical dilution rates of 0.571 and 0.467 h−1 for Cellulomonas and Bacillus, respectively. These values approximated maximum growth rate values observed in batch culture.
Breda and Breda‐Like Viruses: Diagnosis, Pathology and Epidemiology

Breda virus serotype 1 (Iowa) was isolated from a severe outbreak of neonatal calf diarrhoea in which 15% of the diarrhoeic animals died. Two further isolates, one from Iowa and one from Ohio, are antigenically related to the first isolate but belong to the Breda virus serotype 2 group by haemagglutination inhibition and by immuno-electron microscopy (IEM). The majority (88.5%) of cattle are serologically positive for Breda virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic methods of choice should include a combination of electron microscopy, IEM, haemagglutination inhibition or ELISA, in order to identify all serotypes of Breda virus. Serotypes 1 and 2 infect and replicate in crypt and epithelial cells of the small intestine, from the mid jejunum region posteriorly through to the descending colon. Virus replicates in and is released from cells before the appearance of microscopic lesions and clinical signs. Diarrhoea starts within 24-72 hours of infection and death can occur within 36-48 hours after the onset of diarrhoea. The morphology of Breda virus, determined by negative staining and from ultrastructural studies of infected cells, is unique and probably diagnostic. Little is known about the epidemiology, other than that transmission is faecal-orally and may require close contact. Large quantities of virus are released in the faeces.
Gate-level mitigation techniques for neutron-induced soft error rate

Neutron-induced single-event upsets have become increasingly problematic in aggressively scaled process technologies due to smaller nodal capacitances and reduced operating voltages. We present a probability-based analysis of neutron strikes on combinational logic chains and investigate techniques to increase circuit robustness in terms of decreasing the probability of upsetting the capturing latch given a particle strike. We show that using a technique of inserting simple cross-coupled inverter pairs on error prone sites, as well as intelligently placing lower V/sub th/ devices and readjusting device width, can increase the robustness by nearly 20% thereby increasing the mean time between soft errors by almost 25%. This technique incurs substantially less overhead than traditional redundancy approaches to mitigating soft errors.
THE SON MORE VISIBLE: IMMATERIALISM AND THE INCARNATION

In this article we argue that an immaterialist ontology—a metaphysic that denies the existence of material substance—is more consonant with Christian dogma than any ontology that includes the existence of material substance. We use the philosophy of the famous eighteenth-century Irish immaterialist George Berkeley as a guide while engaging one particularly difficult Christian mystery: the doctrine of the Incarnation of Christ. The goal is to make plausible the claim that, from the analysis of this one example, there are strong reasons for thinking that if one wants to be a Christian one ought to be an immaterialist.
An oliogenic disease displaying weak marker associations: a summary of contributions to problem 1 of GAW9.

Problem 1 consisted of artificial data simulated from an oligogenic (four-locus) disease model. The data set contained 200 nuclear families with at least one affected child and 100 control families with no affected members. Two of the disease loci were intended to be detectable via association analysis but not necessarily via linkage analysis, and the other two were virtually undetectable in this data set. Participants used association analysis, linkage analysis, and segregation analysis to analyze these data. Their findings are summarized, and analysis strategies are discussed. ©1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Characterization of Outward Currents in Neurons of the Avian Nucleus Magnocellularis

Rathouz, Margaret and Laurence Trussell. Characterization of outward currents in neurons of the avian nucleus magnocellularis. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2824–2835, 1998. Neurons of the nucleus magnocell...
The boundary of entoptic space

Thirty-eight male Ss viewed an after-image entoptically and then opened their eyes and adjusted the distance of a projection screen so that the apparent size of the now projected after-image equalled that of the previously seen afterimage. Subsequently Ss were asked to estimate the apparent size (diameter) of the entoptic after-image. The mean projection distance obtained was significantly larger than that predicted by Emmert’s law. The present finding is interpreted to support the general notion of a bounded entoptic space.
Overtime schedules for full-time service workers

Abstract Part-time employees help service organizations extend their operating hours and provide extra capacity for peak demand periods. While this strategy tends to increase the number of employees needed to staff the system, part-timers usually earn less per week than full-timers because they don't work as many hours. However, escalating per capita labor expenses have increased the effective hourly wages for part-timers, threatening one of their key advantages. According to government statistics, service sector employees now obtain more labor from overtime work than they do from part-timers. Although the benefits of part-time scheduling policies are well understood, comparatively little research has focused on overtime scheduling policies. Typically, we think of overtime as a means of buffering service systems against supply and demand uncertainty. In this study, however, we demonstrate that scheduled overtime provides many of the same operational advantages of part-time scheduling policies. We evaluate the effects of alternative overtime staffing and scheduling policies on important performance measures such as total labor expense, labor utilization, and workforce size. Compared with standard (40 hours per week) employee schedules, we find that even small amounts of premium-pay overtime work provide significant savings. We also find that the ideal workforce size and proportion of overtime work for a given scheduling policy seem to be relatively insensitive to changes in per capita labor expenses. This means that employers may need much more aggressive overtime scheduling policies to mitigate the effects of rising per capita labor expenses.
STOCK PRICE EFFECTS OF PERMANENT AND TRANSITORY SHOCKS

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between stock prices and dividends using a structural cointegrated vector autoregression. The approach adopted fully identifies the system without imposing arbitrary restrictions and decomposes innovations into permanent and transitory components. Prior research indicates that transitory price shocks could lead to stock price predictability. Our key new empirical finding is that permanent dividend shocks could also lead to aggregate stock price predictability in the UK.
Assessment of tricuspid regurgitation by pulsed doppler ultrasonography of the hepatic veins

Pulsed Doppler echocardiography was tested to assess the degree of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), classified by right ventriculography, in 47 patients. Forty-eight subjects without TR served as controls (39 with sinus rhythm and 9 with atrial fibrillation). Two Doppler methods were used: the distance of systolic turbulence within right atrium from the tricuspid plane and the quantitative analysis of the flow-velocity traces from the hepatic veins (HVs). Right atrial systolic turbulence was found in 41 of 47 patients with TR and in none of the control subjects, and moderately correlated with the angiographic grading (r = 0.57). In control subjects, TR flow-velocity traces from the HVs showed 2 anterograde flow waves, systolic and diastolic. The ratio of anterograde systolic/anterograde diastolic velocity was more than 0.6 in 38 subjects with sinus rhythm and in 8 with atrial fibrillation. Twenty-two control subjects had a positive wave (designated as "v") coincident with the end of T wave. In 30 patients with TR, a retrograde holosystolic wave was present. Of the remaining patients, 12 had a ratio of anterograde systolic/anterograde diastolic velocity less than 0.6. Fifteen had an end-systolic "v-like" wave, which occurred earlier than the v wave in control subjects (p less than 0.001). In patients with TR, maximal velocities of the anterograde diastolic and retrograde systolic flow correlated with angiographic grading (r = 0.74 and 0.73, respectively). An anterograde diastolic flow velocity more than 26 cm/s and a retrograde systolic flow velocity more than 16 cm/s excluded mild TR. Analysis of Doppler recordings of the HVs is valuable to semiquantitatively assess TR, complementing the right atrial Doppler findings.
Brainstem projections to the normal and noradrenergically hyperinnervated trigeminal motor nucleus

The noradrenergic innervation of the trigeminal motor nucleus of the rat can be increased severalfold by neonatal treatment with the neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine. The brainstem projections to the nucleus were studied by injecting HRP into the nucleus of normal and noradrenergically hyper-innervated rats. In order to identify the source of the noradrenergic inner-vation, the fluorescent dye, True Blue, was used as a retrograde tracer in combination with the glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method for catechol-amines. In both control and neonatally treated rats, the noradrenergic inner-vation of the motor nucleus' was shown to arise from an ipsilate group of cells located among the fibers of the lateral lemniscusjust rostral to the motor nucleus. Our results confirmed the high degree of specificity of nor-adrenergic innervation, which arises exclusively from this lateral tegmental noradrenergic cell group. During the process of sprouting, this specificity is maintained since only those noradrenergic cells normally innervating the nucleus were retrogradely labeled in neonatally treated animals. Other noradrenergic projections which are also increased in these animals, such as the nearby locus ceruleus innervation of the main sensory trigeminal nucleus, do not spread to the motor trigeminal nucleus. HRP-labeled nonadrenergic cells were concentrated dorsally, with scat-tered cells surrounding the nucleus. A similar distribution was observed contralateral to the injection site. The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus was labeled only ipsilateral to the injection. The motor nucleus also receives an extensive bilateral input from the pontine and medullary reticular for-mation. The medial reticular formation nuclei, including nucleus pontis caudalis, nucleus gigantocellularis, and nucleus reticularis ventralis con-tained large labeled cells, which were especially numerous in the retrotri-geminal area. Smaller, lateral reticular formation neurons were concen-trated rostrally and ipsilaterally in the nucleus pontis lateralis. HRP retrograde labeling revealed no obvious change in the overall pattern of cells innervating the trigeminal motor nucleus following noradrenergic hy-perinncrvation.
Synthesis and structural characterization of Ba6Nb14Si4O47. The first member of the new barium niobium(IV/V) oxosilicate series(Ba3Nb6Si4O26)n(Ba3Nb8O21), n = 1

Abstract The crystal structure of the mixed-valence barium niobium(IV/V) oxosilicate, Ba 6 Nb 14 Si 4 O 47 , has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system with the space group P 6 3 cm (No. 185) and Z = 2. The lattice parameters are a = 9.022(2)A˚, c = 27.890(6)A˚, and V = 1966(1)A˚ 3 . The structure can be described as the intergrowth of two structure types, barium niobium oxosilicate and barium niobium oxide, which form the series (Ba 3 Nb 6 Si 4 O 26 ) n (Ba 3 Nb 8 O 21 ). Ba 6 Nb 14 Si 4 O 47 corresponds to the first member of the series, n = 1. The unit cell consists of columns of ReO 3 -type quasi-one-dimensional, fused NbO 6 octahedra. The parallel octahedral columns are interconnected through shared corner oxygen atoms with isolated NbO 6 octahedra and Si 2 O 7 pyrosilicate units. The framework is closely related to that of theBa 6+ x Nb 14 Si 4 O 47 ( x = 0.23) phase, reported by Evans and Katz in 1973 ( l ), yet the title compound is stoichiometric and has an acentric unit cell. A detailed structure analysis and structure comparison with the nonstoichiometric phase, as well as a brief comparison with the fully oxidized compound Ba 6 Nb 10 Ti 4 Si 4 O 47 , are presented.
Co-occurring Ophthalmoplegia and Hemiparesis in a Case of Migraine

The characteristics of ophthalmoplegic and hemiplegic migraine have been well described,1-5but, to our knowledge, the simultaneous occurrence of these two syndromes has not been reported. A case of familial migraine with stupor, internal and external ophthalmoplegia, contralateral hemiplegia, and hypesthesia is presented. REPORT OF A CASE In August 1980, a 20-year-old, righthanded, single man was brought to the Baltimore City Hospital in a stupor. His medical history was remarkable for a right frontal sinus fracture in 1975, treated by open reduction, and an automobile accident in May 1980, with laceration of his liver, which required laparotomy. Both injuries were without neurologic sequels. There were no general medical problems. His 15-year-old brother had occasional right-sided throbbing headaches accompanied by hemiparesis on the left side; examination elsewhere during one of the attacks included a normal EEG and brain scan. The patient had had a three-year history of intermittent, right-sided headaches
The structure and biogenetic origin of (-) halicyclamine B from a Xestospongia sponge

Abstract A new tetracyclic diamine, (-) halicyclamine B (1), has been isolated from the sponge Xestospongia sp. and its structure was elucidated from NMR and X-ray crystallography data. Some biogenetic relationships are proposed between 1 and other polycyclic diamines recently reported from sponges.
Down-regulation of miR-21 Induces Differentiation of Chemoresistant Colon Cancer Cells and Enhances Susceptibility to Therapeutic Regimens

MicroRNAs are endogenous posttranscriptional modulators that negatively control the expression of their target genes and play an important role in the development and progression of many malignancies, including colorectal carcinoma. In particular, expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) is greatly increased in chemotherapy-resistant (CR) colon cancer cells that are enriched in undifferentiated cancer stem/stem-like cells (CSCs/CSLCs). We hypothesize that miR-21 plays a critical role in regulating differentiation of CR colon cancer cells. Indeed, we observed that downregulation of miR-21 in CR colon cancer cells (HCT-116 or HT-29) by antisense miR-21 induced differentiation, as evidenced by marked increases in cytokeratin-20 (CK-20) expression and alkaline phosphatase activity. These changes were accompanied by a significant reduction in the expression of colon CSC/CSLC marker CD44, colonosphere formation, and T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) activity but increased the expression of proapoptotic programmed cell death 4 gene. Induction of differentiation greatly increased sensitivity of CR colon cancer cells to the growth inhibitory properties of all three regimens tested: 5-fluorouracil + oxaliplatin (FUOX), difluorinated curcumin (CDF), and the combination of CDF and FUOX. However, the magnitude of inhibition of growth by either CDF (75%) alone or CDF + FUOX (80%) was much higher than that observed with only FUOX (40%). Growth inhibition by CDF and CDF + FUOX in differentiating CR colon cancer cells was associated with a 98% to 99% reduction in the expression of CD44 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, down-regulation of CK-20 in CR colon cancer cells produced no significant change in cellular growth in the absence or presence of FUOX, when compared with the corresponding controls. The current observation suggests that CDF and CDF + FUOX are highly effective in inhibiting growth and reducing colon CSCs/CSLCs in anti-miR-21-induced differentiating CR colon cancer cells and supports our contention that differentiation enhances susceptibility of CR cancer cells to conventional and nonconventional therapeutic regimen.
Concurrent ferromagnetic hyperthermia and 125I brachytherapy in a rabbit choroidal melanoma model

Ferromagnetic (FM) thermoseeds and radioactive (125I) seeds were combined in an episcleral plaque to give concurrent hyperthermia and irradiation for enhanced tumour destruction. A Greene melanoma cell line was utilized to study the interaction between these treatment modalities. We attached five FM thermoseeds (with an operating temperature of 48°C) in parallel with alternating rows of 125I seeds onto the inner surface of each 14 mm Silastic plaque. Plaques were centred over a 3–6 mm (diameter) intraocular melanoma in each rabbit. Some rabbits were then placed within a heating coil, and their eye tumours were warmed rapidly to therapeutic temperatures (43·6°C across the tumour base) while the temperature of normal conjunctiva across the globe did not exceed 38·5°C. Analysis of 49 treated eye melanomas showed 50% local tumour control at 41·7 Gy for 125I alone, whereas only 9·5 Gy were needed to give the same local control rate after 125I with concurrent FM hyperthermia. Thus, a thermal enhancement ratio o...
Impacts négatifs significatifs de la maladie veineuse thromboembolique sur les résultats des interventions cardiovasculaires

Notre objectif etait d'evaluer l'impact postoperatoire de la maladie veineuse thromboembolique (MVT) chez les patients chirurgicaux cardio-vasculaires habituels. Une base de donnees administrative, le Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS, echantillon de 20% de tous les malades hospitalises aux Etats-Unis), de 1998 a 2001, a ete questionnee pour tous les patients hospitalises avec le diagnostic initial de cure d'anevrisme de l' aorte abdominale (AAA), d'amputation (AMP), de pontage aorto-coronarien (PAC), d'endarteriectomie carotidienne (EC), de revascularisation des membres inferieurs (MI), et de reparation valvulaire mitrale ou aortique (VALV) et pour le diagnostic secondaire de MVT, en utilisant les codes standard ICD-9. Pour valider ces resultats pour la specificite, les memes groupes de patients lies au geste ayant un code secondaire de MVT et le meme code d'hospitalisation lie a une procedure de mise en place d'un filtre de veine cave inferieure (VCI) ont ete egalement analyses. Les facteurs concernant la MVT et les resultats en termes de deces, de duree de sejour (DS), et d'evolution defavorable ont ete analyses par regression logistique, avec des determination des rapports de risque (OR), et une analyse de covariance pour le cout et la DS. Un total de 191.666 patients a ete identifie a partir du NIS, avec un âge moyen de 68 ans, 65% d'hommes, de race blanche dans 85% des cas, et une incidence moyenne de MVT de 0,68%. L'incidence de la MVT dependait de la procedure primaire : AAA = 1,2%, AMP = 1,1%, PAC = 0,54 %, EC = 0,26%, MI = 0,78%, VALV = 0,63%. La MVT etait plus probable apres AAA, (OR = 3,9), AMP (3,1), MI (2,8), VALV (2,0), PAC (1.9) (tous compares avec l'EC, p
Searls Prairie Clover ( Dalea searlsiae ) for Rangeland Revegetation: Phenotypic and Genetic Evaluations

Few North American legumes are available for use in rangeland revegetation in the western USA, but Searls prairie clover [Dalea searlsiae (A. Gray) Barneby] is one that holds promise. Commercial-scale seed production of this species could address the issues of unreliable seed availability and high seed costs associated with its wildland seed collection. To evaluate its utility for revegetation, we collected Searls prairie clover at 20 locations across Utah and Nevada. Amplifi ed fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and morphological and phenotypic traits (measured in common-garden plots) were used to clarify the role of evolutionary forces responsible for its genetic structure. Collections were evaluated for dry-matter yield, infl orescence weight, number of infl orescences, plant height, foliage diameter, fl owering date, acid-detergent fi ber, neutral-detergent fi ber, and crude protein at two common-garden locations in northern Utah. Collections from southern Utah and eastern Nevada exhibited high phenotypic values, whereas collections from western Nevada and northwestern Utah had low phenotypic values. Collections from northwestern Utah were genetically differentiated from those of southern Utah and Nevada via AFLP markers. Strong isolation by distance between collections suggests that genetic drift and gene fl ow are important factors in determining population structure in Searls prairie clover.
WebGLU development library for WebGL

For more than a decade, rich 3D content on the web has only been available via external, often proprietary, browser plugins. However, a new standard has emerged to change this. WebGL, currently under development by the Khronos Group, is a standard specification for javascript bindings to OpenGL [Khronos 2009]. In September 2009 WebGL support made its way to development builds of Firefox 3.7. Since this time, WebGL has gained greater traction and visibility within developer communities. Although impressive demonstrations of WebGL are available [Vukicevic 2009], we believed that the creation of a development library would help kickstart interest in the creation of new applications.
Anagram Solution Times: A Function of Word Length and Letter Position Variables

(1963). Anagram Solution Times: A Function of Word Length and Letter Position Variables. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 469-475.
Ethyl Branching in the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

CURRENT schemes for explaining chain-growth in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis1–4 do not permit the formation of an ethyl-branched hydrocarbon. We wish to report the identification of 3-ethylpentane in a hydrogenated Fischer–Tropsch synthesis product. A compound with this carbon skeleton has not hitherto been found in the product. Quantitative analyses by gas chromatography give a mole ratio of 2,3-dimethylpentane to 3-ethylpentane of 1.5. Weitkamp1 found that 2,3-dimethylpentane constituted 0.9 volume per cent of the hydrogenated C7-hydrocarbons from the synthesis product.
Small molecule probe diffusion in thin polymer films near the glass transition: A novel approach using fluorescence nonradiative energy transfer

A novel experimental approach involving fluorescence nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) is employed to study the Fickian diffusion of small molecules in rubbery polymer films near the glass transition. A theoretical formalism has been developed which directly relates the small molecule translational diffusion coefficient, &#x1d49f;, to changes in the energy transfer efficiency, E. Values of &#x1d49f; as low as 5 × 10-16 cm2/s have been measured. In this approach, two thin polymer films are sandwiched together, one labeled with either NRET donor or acceptor chromophores and the second doped with the complementary chromophore. Upon annealing for a time t, dopant chromophore diffusion occurs in which E is proportional to (&#x1d49f;t)1/2/w, where w is the donor film thickness. Values of &#x1d49f; for pyrene, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-ethyl-4-(tricyanovinyl)aniline (TC1), bis(phenylethynylanthracene) (BPEA), and decacyclene in poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PiBMA) and for BPEA in poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) have been measured over temperatures...
Gene expression and recombination in plant mitochondrial genomes

Abstract The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of higher plants is much more heterogeneous in organization and size than that of mammals, yeast and fungi, although it comprises a similar number of genes. The heterogeneity appears to arise from recombination events between directly repeated sequences in the mitochondrial genome, and from the frequent presence of linear ‘plasmid' molecules. The highly recombinogenic nature of the mitochondrial genome may be related to the phenomenon of cytoplasmic male sterility in maize.
From Evil to Illness: Medicalizing Racism

Arguments for treating racism as an illness or an addiction are critiqued, and it is suggested that such efforts constitute a step backward in the battle against racism and discrimination. Medicalization, rather than being a catalyst for social change, is a mode of social control. The assumptions underlying the disease model are examined, and a strategy is outlined for dealing with racism as a structural phenomenon broader and more complex than personal prejudice and individual pathology.
Dispersion of CaCO3 nanoparticles by sonication and surfactant treatment for application in fly ash–cement systems

This research aims to offset the negative effects of fly ash on the early-age properties of cementitious materials with the use of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles. The main focus is to enhance the effect of the nanoparticles by improving dispersion through ultrasonication and use of surfactants. CaCO3 aqueous suspensions with various surfactant types and concentrations are prepared and subjected to different sonication protocols (varying duration and amplitude). Dispersion and stability are quantitatively measured by comparing their absorbance spectra through spectrophotometry and qualitatively evaluated through SEM imaging. The effectiveness of sonicated CaCO3 nanoparticle additions in accelerating setting and improving early-age compressive strength gain of fly ash–cement pastes is investigated. The sonication protocol is optimized and the most effective dispersion is achieved with polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer. Good agreement is found between the dispersion measurements and mechanical performance.
Four Rs for Urban High School Reform: Re-Envisioning, Reculturation, Restructuring, and Remoralization.

A framework for urban public high school reform is presented for managing site-based change through re-envisioning, reculturation, restructuring, and remoralization. The four Rs for reform framewor...
The Numerical Method as Applied to Impact Resistance Analysis of Ogival Nose Projectiles on 6061-T651 Aluminum Plates

This research takes the resistance formula of spherical cavity expansion theory as its foundation. It establishes a predictive model of the residual velocity, ballistic limit velocity, and penetration depth of ogival nose projectiles striking metal target plates at high speed. They are aimed at 6061-T651 aluminum plates of different thicknesses using the iterative algorithm of the numerical method, thereby investigating the theoretical calculation of the residual velocity, penetration depth, ballistic limit velocity, and changes in resistance of ogival nose projectiles when making a normal impact target. In addition to analyzing the resistance undergone by the projectile nose section, this predictive model also considers the effects of friction resistance of the projectile shank section. In this research, we also used the finite element software LS-DYNA to perform a simulated analysis on the penetration depth of the aluminum plate after normal perforation by ogival nose projectiles. Ballistic test experiments were then performed using 0.30” AP (armor piercing) bullets. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed based on the theoretical model, experiments, and numerical simulation results.
OVERVIEW OF LIPID PEROXIDATION PRODUCTS AND HEPATIC PROTEIN MODIFICATION IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

Objectives Oxidative stress is one component of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) that is manifested in the peroxidation of cellular lipids producing the electrophile, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). This electrophile is proposed to modify essential cellular proteins resulting in loss of protein function and cellular homeostasis. Studies were initiated to identify hepatic proteins that are targets of 4-HNE modification and determine their relationship with progression of the early stages of ALD. Methods Rat and mouse models were developed using the Lieber-DeCarli diet to simulate early stages of ALD consisting of fatty liver (steatosis) and hepatocellular injury indicated by a 1.5-2-fold elevation of plasma ALT activity. Liver samples obtained from control and ethanol treated animals were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting using polyclonal antibodies generated against 4-HNE epitopes for detection of proteins modified by 4-HNE. Following identification of 4-HNE adducted proteins, the respective recombinant proteins modified with physiologic concentrations of 4-HNE were evaluated to determine the functional consequences of 4-HNE modification. Results One group of proteins identified included Hsp70, Hsp90 and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), all of which are involved in protein folding or processing are targets of adduction. In vitro assays indicated significant impairment of the protein activities following modification with physiologically relevant concentrations of 4-HNE. Liver fatty acid binding protein, L-FABP, was also identified as a target and additional studies revealed that the levels of this protein were significantly decreased because of chronic ethanol ingestion. Erk1/2 was identified as a target for modification and subsequently determined to have impaired activity. Conclusions Inhibition of Hsp70, Hsp90 and PDI function could be involved in initiation of the early phases of ER stress contributing to stimulation and accumulation of hepatic lipids. Likewise, impairment of L-FABP activity could also disrupt lipid transport also contributing to steatosis. The modification and inhibition of Erk1/2 by 4-HNE may also contribute to the decreased hepatocellular proliferation associated with ALD. Collectively, these results provide new information concerning the mechanisms whereby the modification of hepatic proteins by 4-HNE contributes to ALD.
Case report: Legionella infected thoracic aortic graft

A case of a thoracic aortic graft in a patient with Marfan's syndrome infected with legionella is presented. The pathogenesis of graft infection and aspects of examination with aortography, gallium scanning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and spiral volumetric computed tomography (CT) are presented, and the pathophysiology and management of thoracic aortic graft infections is briefly discussed.
1396 REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW (CBF) RESPONSE TO APNEA IN NEWBORN (NB) PIGLETS

Previous studies have shown that sustained steady-state hypoxemia results in increased CBF with greatest increases to brainstem and subcortical structures. The present study investigates acute regional CBF response to single and repeated short (130 - 180 sec) apneas in 5 NB piglets. After catheterization and tracheostomy, piglets were paralyzed and mechanically ventilated (PO2=60-70, pH=7.35-7.45, PCO2=30-35) with 30% N2O. Following baseline measurements of blood gases, pH, Hct, BP, HR, and CBF by microspheres, apnea to the point of bradycardia (HR<80) was induced by disconnecting the ventilator, and repeated for a total of 7 apneas. CBF was measured during the first apnea (PO2=16 ± 13 torr, pH = 7.34 ± .06, PCO2 = 42 ± 5), recovery from first apnea (Rec 1), and ½ hr after the 7th apnea (Rec 2). During apnea, rapid regional CBF redistribution occurs, with decreased flow to the cerebrum 56 ± 4 ml/min/100g to 43 ± 7, -23%, caudate 76 ± 14 to 73±22, -10%, and choroid plexus 148 ± 25 to 86 ± 22, -<t3%, although total brain flow increased 66 ± 8 to 84 ± 15, +28%. Flow increased significantly (70 - 200%) to brainstem structures (midbrain 64 ± 6 to 108 ± 17, pons 90 ± 26 to 183 ± 61, medulla 59 ± 4 to 174 ± 28) with moderate increases (28 - 40%) to subcortical structures (thalamus 64 ± 7 to 88 ± 11, hippocampus 38 ± 4 to 51 ± 11, cerebellum 52 ± 3 to 67 ± 8). During Rec 1 and Rec 2, CBF remained elevated from baseline, 58% and 37%, respectively; the regional flow returned, however, to a more uniform distribution pattern. The nonhomogeneous regional CBF during apnea suggests differences in regional metabolism, response time, or vascular sensitivity to hypoxemia in the newborn brain.
The Chinatown War: Chinese Los Angeles and the Massacre of 1871. By Scott Zesch. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. xii, 283. $29.95.)

Although he is not a specialist in Asian American history, the author has written a compelling book about an incident that is well known in the Asian American community: In retaliation for the shoo...
How Therapy Helps When the Culture Hurts

SUMMARY The purpose of psychotherapy is movement toward relational healing. However, the practice itself is embedded in a culture where relational disconnection and power-over arrangements are normative. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of cultural disconnections on the therapy relationship. Because they embody multiple social identities within a power-over paradigm, both client and therapist are “carriers” of cultural disconnections. The article examines the shifting vulnerabilities associated with those identities that may lead to impasse and violation or contribute to possibilities for growth. Scenarios from clinical practice illustrate how conflict becomes a pathway to deeper connection when embraced with such processes as empathic attunement, authentic responsiveness, and mutuality.
Professionalizing the field of second language writing: The 13th Symposium on Second Language Writing (SSLW 2014)

The 13th Symposium on Second Language Writing (SSLW) was held November 13–15, 2014 at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA. Over 440 participants came from Africa, North, Central and South Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, reflecting the international growth of the field. This year’s theme was Professionalizing Second Language Writing, emphasizing the importance of not only establishing the field but also promoting professionalism among L2 writing teachers, researchers, and program administrators. This year’s Symposium featured 210 presentations, including 6 plenary talks, 10 invited colloquia, 4 featured presentations, 180 papers, and 10 workshops. The plenary speeches headlined the Symposium. Each day of the conference, the plenary speakers addressed the theme of professionalization from various perspectives. In his opening plenary, ‘‘Reflections of a Post-Mid-Career L2 Writing Professional on the Ever-Increasing Challenges of Working at a Large Public Research University in the United States: Facing the Specter of Deprofessionalization,’’ Tony Silva discussed the quandary of U.S. colleges and universities recruiting large numbers of international students but having less enthusiasm for funding language support for this population. Sharing an institutional case study of a recent development, Silva discussed the possible implications for the field of L2 writing if this practice were to continue in the future. Also on the first day, Susan Miller-Cochran’s plenary highlighted the importance of situating second language writing in relation to various professional organizations that affect L2 writers. In ‘‘Outcomes, Frameworks, Principles and Practices: Reading WPA and CCCC Position Statements through an SLW Lens,’’ she examined three policy documents developed by some of the major national organizations in North America: the Framework for Success in Postsecondary Writing, the Position Statement of Principles and Example Effective Practices for Online Writing Instruction, and the newly revised Writing Program Administration Outcomes Statement for First-Year Composition. In addition to Miller-Cochran’s plenary talk, in the spirit of reaching out to other organizations, this year’s SSLW also featured invited sessions by representatives from various organizations, including: the Second Language Writing Interest Section (TESOL); the Standing Group on Second Language Writing (CCCC); The National Association of English Writing, Teaching, and Research, China; and the European Association for the Teaching of Academic Writing (EATAW). As the field becomes more internationalized, the professionalization of the field also needs to be considered in a more global context. On the second day of the conference, in his plenary talk ‘‘Pedagogical Imports of Western Practices for Professionalizing Second Language Writing and Writing Teacher Education,’’ Lawrence Zhang shared
Analyzing service blueprints using phase distributions

Abstract This paper presents a method for representing and analyzing stochastic service processes that extends the service blueprinting technique. Several properties of phase distributions are used to find the distribution of total service time for blueprinted services. This distribution can then be used to construct performance standards for controlling service operations. Our method also provides a means to determine the economic and operational consequences of alternative blueprint structures.
Characteristics of a Transpiration Cooled Argon ARC

The constrictor wall heat flux characteristics of a high intensity argon arc with a transpiration cooled constrictor are discussed. An apparatus utilizing a segmented plenum chamber is described which provides in contrast to previous experiments more uniform constrictor wall temperatures. This permits lower total transpirant mass flow rates so that laminar flow within the constrictor tube can be maintained. A significant amount of data agrees with the theoretical prediction that the heat flux to the constrictor wall decreases with increasing transpirant mass flux. Data are presented referring to the total energy distribution for the device and the modes of dissipation of heat from the constrictor wall. The effects of turbulence are shown to influence the heat flux to the constrictor, the electric field strength, and the temperature distribution in the arc column.
The critical problem with high-order anisotropic scattering

Abstract A synthetic scattering kernel is used with one-speed transport theory to evaluate the effect of high-order anisotropic scattering on the critical half thickness for a multiplying, unreflected, plane-parallel medium.
Solution of Active Power Dispatch and Control for Interconnected Power Grids with Large-Scale Wind Power Integration

As large-scale wind power has been and will be integrated into power grid, traditional Active Power Dispatch and Control (APDC) system has encountered new challenges. In this paper, the active power dispatch mode of interconnected power grids which is suitable for the large-scale integration of wind power is analyzed firstly. Secondly, it is pointed out that traditional decentralized balance control mode of active power in provincial power grids would not withstand the impact of the large-scale wind power fluctuation. Then, a centralized control mode is proposed in the paper to reallocate all of the generation resources in a wider power grid. Thirdly, the characteristics of the proposed centralized control mode are analyzed from the following aspects: ways of active power balance, mainbodies of active power control, methods of resource allocation, inter-provincial power exchange, security constraints, and data communications. Finally, considering present dispatch system and technical basis in China, a solution is proposed for the active power control for China interconnected power grids. The aim of the proposed solution is to achieve the centralized control mode, and the hierarchical coordination control mode is the transition between present system and the final system.