cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
It’s Not So Easy to Make Resilience Go Away Commentary on Infurna and Luthar (2016)

A large number of studies have identified trajectories of adjustment following acute and aversive life events. In these studies, a stable trajectory of positive health or resilience is almost always the modal outcome (Bonanno, 2004; Bonanno et al., 2011). Infurna and Luthar (2016, this issue) reported that they replicated findings from two early studies in which trajectories of subjective well-being were identified before and after divorce, widowhood, and unemployment (Galatzer-Levy, Bonanno, & Mancini, 2010; Mancini, Bonanno, & Clark, 2011) and then reanalyzed these data in such a way to conclude a decrease in the prevalence of resilience. In this commentary, we discuss three serious flaws in Infurna and Luthar's claims. First, they did not actually replicate our original analyses. They used different data, time points, and parameters. Second, the model specifications in their reanalyses were not optimal because they increased variance, reduced variability in response to the stressor, and had lower entropy, indicating that their models more poorly captured unique patterns of response. Third, their reanalyses were theoretically uninformative as they minimized both group differences and overall responses to the stressor event and thus failed to identify widely acknowledged populations, such as chronic stress reactivity.
Closed-loop model following and control allocation for transport aircraft using an ordered neural network-based approach

Modern transport aircraft typically require some form of control allocation (distribution of control signals among multiple control effecters). Three techniques were considered: the Relative Control Effectiveness Method’, Pseudo-Control’, and Generalized Inverses3. It was found that these fall into the category of single-point design methods, and are based on inversion of state-space matrices. The process of inversion assumes a precise knowledge of the plant. This assumption imposes a limitation on the closed-loop system robustness properties. In a case where nonlinear aerodynamics are present, the control allocation parameters require gain scheduling to extend their applicability to the full flight envelope. As an alternative, a method utilizing ordered neural networks was developed. The technique solves the following four objectives simultaneously. First, allocation of control signals to redundant effecters is achieved. Second, input/output responses are de-coupled for independent input channels. Third, desired flying qualities requirements are satisfied using a model following technique. Finally, the method produces a single, fixed controller that maintains its performance throughout a specified flight envelope. A set of linear plant models is used to train the ordered neural network to control the original nonlinear system and to maintain its closed-loop performance over a large flight envelope. An example application of the methodology to a generic transport aircraft is provided. * Senior Engineer I Scientist, Senior Member AlAA ** Senior Engineer I Scientist, Senior Member AIAA Copyright
Energy harvesting from vertically aligned PZT nanowire arrays

In this paper, a nanostructured piezoelectric beam is fabricated using vertically aligned lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanowire arrays and its capability of continuous power generation is demonstrated through direct vibration tests. The lead zirconate titanate nanowires are grown on a PZT thin film coated titanium foil using a hydrothermal reaction. The PZT thin film serves as a nucleation site while the titanium foil is used as the bottom electrode. Electromechanical frequency response function (FRF) analysis is performed to evaluate the power harvesting efficiency of the fabricated device. Furthermore, the feasibility of the continuous power generation using the nanostructured beam is demonstrated through measuring output voltage from PZT nanowires when beam is subjected to a sinusoidal base excitation. The effect of tip mass on the voltage generation of the PZT nanowire arrays is evaluated experimentally. The final results show the great potential of synthesized piezoelectric nanowire arrays in a wide range of applications, specifically power generation at nanoscale.
343 ETIOLOGY AND OUTCOMES OF BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS AT A CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL IN TBILISI, REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA.

Background H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae are leading cause of childhood bloodstream infections (BSIs) in areas where vaccination is not available for these organisms. The prevalence of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae BSI has not been established in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia. This study attempts to determine the prevalence and outcomes of BSI in children at Children9s Central Hospital (CCH), a referral pediatric hospital. Methods We carried out a retrospective study of laboratory and medical records from January of 2004 to June of 2006. Patients with positive blood cultures were initially chosen for the study. Community-acquired (CA) BSIs were within the first 48 hours of admission and hospital acquired (HA) were 48 hours or greater. Results Of 1,693 cultures performed in the study period, 339 (20%) were positive. Twenty-nine of these were omitted from the analysis due to incomplete medical records. Among the 310 children with positive cultures, the following organisms were identified: gram-negative rods (GNRs) (135, 43.6%); coagulase-negative S. aureus (CNS) (111, 35.8%); Klebsiella (17, 5.5%); S. aureus (12, 4.9%); Pseudomonas (10, 3.2%); yeast (9, 2.9%); Streptococcus spp. (5, 1.6%); Enterococcus (4, 1.3%); gram-positive rods (GPRs) (2, 0.7%); Listeria (2, 0.7%); Salmonella spp. (2, 0.7%); and Mixed (S. aureus and Klebsiella; 1, 0.3%). One hundred eighty-four (59%) patients with BSI were male; mean age was 0.4 (0-14) years. Ninety-three (30%) children with a BSI died, 90 of whom were under 1 year of age. CA BSI was present in 87 of 93 patients who died (p = .005). Death was primarily attributed to GNRs (59, 63%), followed by CNS (18, 19%), Pseudomonas (5, 5%), Klebsiella (4, 4%), and Enterococcus and yeast with 2 each (2%), and Listeria, S. aureus, and GPRs were responsible for one death each (1%). Any GNR BSI was significantly associated with mortality versus all none GNR BSI (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 2.0, 5.7). No positive identifications were made for either H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae. Conclusions Microbiologic identification of common organisms known to cause BSI in children is difficult in the Republic of Georgia due to limited resources available in the microbiology laboratory in the leading children9s hospital. It is likely that causes of BSI due to vaccine-preventable etiologies are underdiagnosed due to laboratory capacity. Improving the infrastructure of diagnostic microbiology laboratories in resource-limited areas is critical to conduct appropriate surveillance and improve patient care.
ADHD: current questions and research.

The past decade has seen an increased focus on the developmental trajectory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with the recognition that ADHD is, for many, a life-long condition akin to many other chronic illnesses. There has been an increase in the extent to which young children, adolescents, and adults receive a diagnosis of ADHD, yet there remain many poorly understood and controversial issues within the scientific community and the lay public. Do ADHD patients of different ages present with similar manifestations of the disorder, and if so, why was this not recognized for so long? Are there alternative clinical presentations among ADHD patients of different ages? What is the nature of comorbidity in ADHD over the course of development, and what are its functional consequences? How can we best measure and define ADHD, differentiating it from normal activity in young children, on the one hand, and other psychiatric disorders in older children and adults on the other? This is a key issue because ADHD has been a controversial diagnostic entity to many nonpsychiatrists because there is no one laboratory task that defines it. Most importantly, how do we understand issues related to risk and resilience in a longitudinal model, and can we identify factors that predict different clinical outcomes or pathways?
Stable and Unstable Motion, II

This chapter focuses on pendulum and its motion. When the pendulum is displaced from rest, the only restoring force is that of gravity, which tends to pull it back downward. The emphasis on indirect solution techniques to give insight into the qualitative behavior of the orbits proves to be a key method. At most one orbit can pass through any given point in the plane or, in other words, orbits cannot cross each other. For a hyperbolic equilibrium, the orbits of the nonlinear system in a neighborhood of are qualitatively similar to those of the linear system about the origin. The shape of the orbits at energy level E2 indicates that the unstable equilibria are linked to each other by stable and unstable manifolds and the linearized system has an unstable equilibrium. It is good modeling practice to choose postulates that are reasonably compatible with what is actually observed, and at the same time, permit a certain mathematical simplicity.
Review of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and a Proposed Scanning Protocol

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral compressive neuropathy. Ultrasonography (US) is an emerging technology that can be used in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Although the cross-sectional area is the most studied and validated measurement for carpal tunnel syndrome, there is no standardized neuromuscular US scanning protocol. We review the most studied neuromuscular US characteristics and protocols in the evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome and propose a standardized protocol for evaluating carpal tunnel syndrome with neuromuscular US based on current literature.
Quality factor control for micromechanical resonators

The implementation of very high Q microelectromechanical filters, constructed of spring-coupled or parallel resonators, requires strict control over the quality factor of the constituent resonators. This report details electrostatic feedback techniques which allow precise control of the quality factor of a micromechanical resonator device, independent of the ambient operating pressure of the micromechanical system. Theoretical formulas governing Q-control are derived and experimentally verified. >
Fiber orientation evolution in simple shear flow from a repeatable initial fiber orientation

Abstract Experimental fiber evolution data from a rheometer can be used to determine material parameters in fiber orientation models independent from processing flows. The Folgar–Tucker orientation model was demonstrated in simple shear flow to predict distinctly different trends in the orientation evolution depending on the initial fiber orientation. Repeatable fiber orientation evolution data in a simple shear flow was used to determine material parameters in the strain reduction factor (SRF) and reduced strain closure (RSC) orientation models. The SRF and RSC orientation models were tested with different initial fiber orientations created from an injection molded plaque in order to evaluate the orientation model parameters. A stress equation incorporating fiber-fiber interactions was evaluated independently of the fiber orientation models using experimental orientation evolution data with different initial orientations.
Developing Students as Advocates through a Pilot Advocacy Curricular Thread within a PharmD Curriculum

There is a need for education about and development of advocacy skills within student pharmacists. Pharmacy literature describes experiences incorporating advocacy education within curricula; however, these are often singular, limited experiences. To increase student pharmacists’ awareness, knowledge, and skills, effective advocacy curricular threads are necessary within curricula. This paper provides rationale for the need for a greater emphasis on development of these skills within student pharmacists, evidence of curricular experiences surrounding advocacy from the literature, initial observations from a piloted curricular thread at one school, and implications for the academy. Conflict of Interest Dr. Calhoun is a Board member of the Tennessee Pharmacists Association. Type: Idea Paper
Parallel self-testing of (tilted) EPR pairs via copies of (tilted) CHSH and the magic square game

Device-independent self-testing allows a verifier to certify that potentially malicious parties hold on to a specific quantum state, based only on the observed correlations. Parallel self-testing has recently been explored, aiming to self-test many copies (i.e. a tensor product) of the target state concurrently. In this work, we show that n EPR pairs can be self-tested in parallel through n copies of the well known CHSH game. We generalise this result further to a parallel self-test of n tilted EPR pairs with arbitrary angles, and finally we show how our results and calculations can also be applied to obtain a parallel self-test of 2n EPR pairs via n copies of the Mermin-Peres magic square game.
Elizabeth Clare Prophet: Gender, Sexuality, and the Divine Feminine

The life and legacy of the controversial and influential new age leader Elizabeth Clare Prophet (1939–2009) are reviewed by her daughter Erin Prophet from the perspective of gender. A brief biographical sketch introduces Prophet’s major accomplishments and the controversy that surrounded her, beginning with her early spiritual life and the influence of her husband and teacher, Mark Prophet, her past-life beliefs, and including the ‘shelter episode’ of 1989–1990, when followers built underground shelters in response to her predictions of nuclear war. Major topics include her exercise of power as a woman, assuming control of The Summit Lighthouse (later Church Universal and Triumphant) after Mark’s death, her theological innovations, particularly those related to the divine feminine, the liberation from original sin, gender in the relationship between soul and body, and the destiny of both men and women to symbolically give birth to the Christ. Her teachings on sexuality, including her use of Hindu terminology and metaphors of spiritual “energy” to restrict and guide sexual behavior and also to justify her anti-feminist stance, and the roots of her opposition to abortion and homosexuality are also explored. Allegations of sexual hypocrisy are also reviewed, along with four alternative approaches to evaluating sexual impropriety ﻿on the part of a religious leader.
Palestine: The Unseen Conflict over the Hidden Curriculum

The intensity of the international controversy over Palestinian textbooks has worked to mask a subtle domestic contest among Palestinians over the content of the curriculum and—even more subtly—over prevailing pedagogy. A coalition of educational reformers emerged in the 1990s that sought to develop a new sense of citizenship, a democratic ethos in daily life and a nationalist identity that, while solidly grounded in Palestinian society, was also pluralistic and based on tolerance. While the coalition did have some impact in the final analysis, the curriculum developed in the latter part of that decade, the textbooks written in the early 2000s and prevailing pedagogical practices generally failed to live up to that progressive vision. Since those textbooks were written, the debates among Palestinians have continued without leaving significant effects on the contents of the books.
Hemoglobin D in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease (Genotype HbSS).

A 29-year-old Saudi Arabian male with known sickle cell disease presented to the hematology clinic at Vanderbilt University Medical Center for follow-up and disease management. The patient had a complex past medical history including frequent pain crises requiring hospitalization, chronic kidney disease, and cholangitis. He was reported to be homozygous for hemoglobin S (HbS)2, a β-globin variant caused by a point mutation at codon 6, which results in the substitution of valine for glutamine. Under some circumstances, HbS can polymerize within red blood cells (RBCs), forming rigid, sickle-shaped cells that produce many of the secondary complications of the disease. At Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the patient had been undergoing simple RBC transfusion therapy. As part of the routine laboratory tests performed before each scheduled transfusion, the patient's HbS concentration was measured with cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a Bio-Rad Variant HPLC analyzer (Fig. 1). During the daily review of hemoglobin HPLC chromatograms, the clinical chemistry team noted that an additional hemoglobin variant …
Interindividual Variations in Foveal Anatomy and Artifacts Seen on Inner Retinal Probability Maps from Spectral Domain OCT Scans of the Macula.

Purpose We tested the hypothesis that variations in foveal morphology can account for artifacts seen on optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer probability maps. Methods A total of 126 healthy subjects were tested with spectral domain (sd) OCT. Thickness and probability maps of the macular RGC plus inner plexiform layer (RGC+) were obtained with customized software. Macular b-scans were analyzed to derive three foveal anatomic parameters: width, depth, and slope. The distribution of these parameters was compared between eyes with and without circumfoveal artifacts seen in the central 4° of macular RGC+ probability maps. Results Of 126 healthy subjects, 12 (9.5%) had an abnormal circumfoveal region (artifact) on RGC+ probability maps. Based upon the normal distribution of the three anatomic parameters, only three of the 12 eyes (25%) fell outside the 95% confidence interval of one or more of the three foveal morphologic parameters. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the parameter slope was significantly associated with the presence of these artifacts (odds ratio = 0.26; P = 0.019). However, the combination of these parameters and age explained only 11% of the total variance of these artifacts. Conclusions Fovea morphology, as measured based upon width, depth, and slope, has a minor role in explaining artifacts seen on macular scans. Variations in the distribution of RGC+ thickness that are not reflected in our measures warrant further investigation as potential sources of artifacts. Translational Relevance A small proportion of circumfoveal artifacts seen on RGC+ probability maps can be explained by variations in foveal anatomy.
Trends in Obesity and Severe Obesity Prevalence in US Youth and Adults by Sex and Age, 2007-2008 to 2015-2016

This study uses National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to characterize trends in obesity prevalence among US youth and adults between 2007-2008 and 2015-2016.
Determinants and Influences of Service Convenience in Electronic Mediated Environment (EME): An Empirical Study of Chinese Consumers

The huge market potential and greater levels of services in Electronic Mediated Environment (EME) require an in-depth understanding of Chinese consumer perceptions and behaviors in relation to services in EME and potential impact on long term exchange relationship. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a research framework and empirically test the analytical framework to Chinese consumer’s service convenience perceptions and its determinants and influences in EME. The analysis of data from 415 Chinese Consumers reveals that service convenience serves as a very significant meditating role between characteristics of services in EME and consumer relational exchange dimension in the context of China’s service in EME. This study provides companies and service providers in EME who are seeking to recruit and retain customers in Chinese marketplace specific information about the online Chinese consumer’s perceptions. It also informs managers’ decisions on delivering and promoting convenient experiences to Chinese online consumers.
Reconstructions of the GaAS(100) Surface: Core-Level Photoemission Study

High resolution synchrotron radiation photoemission measurements are reported for three MBE-grown GaAs(100) surface reconstructions of the As-rich c(4x4) and c(2x8) and the Ga-rich 4x6. Detailed comparison of Ga(3d) and As(3d) core lineshapes resolves the structure associated with a ¼ of a monolayer of an amorphous As overlayer from those features arising from the ordered reconstructed surface features.
Respiratory impedance values in young asthmatic children are relatively insensitive to mead model lung compliance and chest wall compliance parameters

Impulse Oscillometry (IOS) measurements of respiratory impedance were obtained from young asthmatic children pre- and post-bronchodilator (pre- and post-BD). Mead’s model of respiratory impedance was then used to estimate the central inertance (I), central and peripheral resistances (R c , R p ), and lung, chest wall, bronchial, and extrathoracic compliances (C l , C w , C b , C e ) by least-squares-optimal fitting to the IOS data. This typically produced multiple near-optimal solutions, with estimates ofC l and C w that varied by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude and were also several orders of magnitude larger than expected physiological values; up to 515,000 L/kPa for C l , and 81,138 L/kPa for C w . We then performed constrained optimization of pre-BD data with C w fixed at 0.50 L/kPa and C l fixed at 0.38 L/kPa, which yielded averaged least-squares (LS) error 44.1% larger than for unconstrained optimization, while R c , I, R p , C b and C e changed by an average of 12.5%, 32.2%, 25.1%, 26.7% and 2.6x1011%, relative to unconstrained values; the large change in C e due to it becoming negligible in about 25% of the results. Next, constrained optimization of post-BD data with C w = 0.5 L/kPa, C l = 0.38 L/kPa, resulted in an averaged LS error 39.4% larger than for unconstrained optimization, while R c , I, R p , C b and C e changed by an average of 1.7x1012%, 23.4%, 29.1%, 36.9% and 3.5x1011%, relative to unconstrained values. Neglecting two results with unphysiologically small R c reduced the average change in R c to 19.1% without significantly impacting the average change of the other parameters. Constrained optimization of pre-BD data and then post-BD data with C w = 0.5 L/kPa, C l = 0.33 L/kPa, resulted in similar changes to total LS error and remaining parameters. We conclude that the Mead model’s impedance and parameter estimates (except C e , unimportant in asthma) for young asthmatic children are relatively insensitive to C l and C w .
Severe Leg Pain Following Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation – A Case Report

Following spinal cord stimulator (SCS) implantation, postoperative pain is commonly incisional or neuropathic from neurological damage. Occasionally, this new pain may mimic symptoms caused by preexisting pathology. This article presents a case of immediate, severe, postoperative leg pain secondary to a lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary embolism after percutaneous SCS implantation for failed back syndrome. The risk factors of DVT after spine surgery and perioperative prophylaxis are further discussed with a brief literature review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V.
Criteria for evaluating Fourier transform computational results

Abstract : When numerical methods are used to calculate Fourier transforms from discrete points from the input and output of a dynamic system, the resulting Bode plot degenerates at high frequencies. Several factors contribute to this, e.g., foldover, noise in data, computational methods, etc. To effectively analyze the effect of these, it is essential that the blow-up point be determined accurately and consistently. This paper examines integral criteria for this purpose. (Author)
Optimal Nonparametric Inference under Quantization.

Statistical inference based on lossy or incomplete samples is of fundamental importance in research areas such as signal/image processing, medical image storage, remote sensing, signal transmission. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric testing procedure based on quantized samples. In contrast to the classic nonparametric approach, our method lives on a coarse grid of sample information and are simple-to-use. Under mild technical conditions, we establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed procedures including asymptotic null distribution of the quantization test statistic as well as its minimax power optimality. Concrete quantizers are constructed for achieving the minimax optimality in practical use. Simulation results and a real data analysis are provided to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed test. Our work bridges the classical nonparametric inference to modern lossy data setting.
Extubation in the Emergency Department and Resuscitative Unit Setting

A subset of intubated patients can safely be extubated in the emergency department (ED). The emergency medicine provider should be prepared for both common and life-threatening complications if considering ED extubation. Patients selected for extubation in the ED should have a low or near zero risk of reintubation or extubation failure. Intensive nursing care, close monitoring, and the ability to reintubate are minimum requirements for EDs considering ED extubation. This article provides a framework for determining appropriate patients for extubation and a practical approach on how to safely perform the procedure.
MsPAC: a tool for haplotype-phased structural variant detection.

SUMMARY While next-generation sequencing (NGS) has dramatically increased the availability of genomic data, phased genome assembly and structural variant (SV) analyses are limited by NGS read lengths. Long-read sequencing from Pacific Biosciences and NGS barcoding from 10x Genomics hold the potential for far more comprehensive views of individual genomes. Here, we present MsPAC, a tool that combines both technologies to partition reads, assemble haplotypes (via existing software) and convert assemblies into high-quality, phased SV predictions. MsPAC represents a framework for haplotype-resolved SV calls that moves one step closer to fully resolved, diploid genomes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/oscarlr/MsPAC. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hurdles to health care access for transgender individuals

Despite advances in the understanding of gender identity, healthcare delivery to transgender or non-binary individuals remains woefully lacking. Joshua Safer discusses how improvements in education of healthcare providers, advancements in electronic medical record systems and efforts to address economic barriers are all integral to the provision of optimal care for transgender individuals.
Thermal frequency case study for LUVOIR ULTRA

A novel seldom used, thermal analysis approach for system-level thermal design is developed that leverages frequencybased techniques and metrics common in structural dynamics modeling. The ULTRA study, which is assessing technological capabilities for a 15-meter telescope requiring sub nanometer optical stability was the foundation for the initial thermal math model and requirements design space discussed in this paper. For such a large, space-based system under tight tolerances, a typical thermal analysis approach will not generate a meaningful understanding of which effects drive the thermal management design. To address this issue, a perturbance-based thermal modeling approach, which is more suited to generating an understanding of the bulk system-level sensitivities, was used instead. The model developed begins by running discrete sensitivities over a range of input perturbance frequencies. The output quantifies the system response to the various sources of thermal energy input. Results are gathered and combined to from Bode plots to quantify the effect of the system perturbances. These plots can quickly characterize the impact of certain thermal designs in relation to a frequency-based wave front error budget. Resulting sensitivities at the system / sub-system scale and the process for producing such results for the LUVOIR thermal math model utilized in the Ultra study are presented. Thermal stability is key to achieving coronographic missions with 10 E-10 contrast.
The importance of female-driven narratives

The 1990s era was a special time for the production of films directed by persons of color. Do the Right Thing (1989), which was produced just on the cusp of this special era and directed by Spike L...
Intraspecific and interspecific variation in floral volatiles over time

Floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are traits that influence plant interactions with pollinators and other species. Interspecific and intraspecific variation in traits can strongly influence community and ecosystem processes. Yet, we lack an understanding of patterns of variation in floral VOCs among individuals of a species and across species at the community-level across years, and the degree to which phylogenetic relatedness among species influences these patterns. Such an understanding is crucial to accurately interpret more complex patterns and predict consequences for pollination services and plant reproduction. We measured floral VOCs within forb populations and across forb species in a subalpine meadow in the Northern Rocky Mountains of USA over 3 years. Forb species varied in their per-flower VOC emissions as well as in the composition, originality (distance from community mean) and uniqueness (distance from nearest neighbor) of their floral VOCs. The originality of a species’ floral VOCs tended to be more consistent through time than uniqueness. Although not related to phylogeny, there were species-specific differences in originality and uniqueness which may reflect responses of forbs to differences in environmental conditions among years. Interestingly, while species harbored different amounts of intraspecific variation (dispersion) in floral VOCs, species were relatively consistent in this variation across years, and there was significant phylogenetic signal in intraspecific variation. The implications of this temporal consistency for plant–pollinator interactions deserve further attention. Investigating links between interspecific and intraspecific variation in floral VOCs with pollination services and plant reproductive success will help establish the consequences of variation in this important trait.
Transcription factor Sp1 regulates mitotic fidelity through Aurora B kinase-mediated condensin I localization

Abstract Mitotic chromosome assembly is essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Despite their salient role directing interphase chromatin organization, little is known about how transcription factors mediate this process during mitosis. Here, we characterize a mitosis-specific role for transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Sp1 localizes to mitotic centromeres and auxin-induced rapid Sp1 degradation results in chromosome segregation errors and aberrant mitotic progression. These defects are driven by anomalous mitotic chromosome assembly. Sp1 degradation results in chromosome condensation defects through reduced condensin complex I localization. Sp1 also mediates the localization and activation of Aurora B kinase early in mitosis, which is essential for condensin complex I recruitment. Underscoring the clinical significance of our findings, aberrant Sp1 expression correlates with aneuploidy in several human cancers, including kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, mesothelioma, cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results suggest that Sp1 protects genomic integrity during mitosis by promoting chromosome assembly.
Originality's Other Path

Although the U.S. Supreme Court has famously spoken of a “historic kinship” between patent and copyright doctrine, the family resemblance is sometimes hard to see. One of the biggest differences between them today is how much ingenuity they require for earning protection. Obtaining a patent requires an invention so innovative that it would not have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art. Copyright, by contrast, makes no such demand on authors, requiring an original work of only minimal creativity. Except sometimes it doesn’t. Puzzlingly, in some copyright cases dealing with musical arrangements, courts have demanded a patent-like level of creativity from putative authors. While these cases might seem like outliers, they have a pedigree that is both lengthy and largely unrecognized. The proposition that copyright originality should require patent-style inventiveness beyond artisans’ everyday creations goes back all the way to an 1850 music-infringement decision by Justice Samuel Nelson. In fact, only four months later, Nelson himself would author the Supreme Court patent opinion that is now credited as the touchstone for patent law’s own nonobviousness doctrine. His corresponding vision for copyright, though, came first. Drawing on original archival research, this Article challenges the standard account of what originality doctrine is and what courts can do with it. It identifies Nelson’s forgotten copyright legacy: a still-growing line of cases that treats music differently, sometimes even more analogous to patentable inventions than to other authorial works. These decisions seem to function as a hidden enclave within originality’s larger domain, playing by rules that others couldn’t get away with. They form originality’s other path, much less trod than the familiar one but with a doctrinal story of its own to tell. Originality and nonobviousness’s parallel beginnings reveal a period of leaky boundaries between copyright and patent, when many of the Justices considered a rule for one to be just as good for the other. Their recurring intersections, meanwhile, muddy today’s conventional narrative about copyright’s historic commitment to protecting even the most modestly creative works.
Shared-Staticizer for Area-Efficient Asynchronous Circuits

Quasi-Delay-Insensitive (QDI) asynchronous designs can simultaneously provide higher performance, lower energy consumption and less sensitivity to the process variations compared to their clocked counterparts. However, these circuits normally exhibit more silicon area overhead. A significant source of additional area are the staticizer (a.k.a. keeper) circuits used by state-holding gates, which occur frequently in QDI circuits. In this paper, a shared-staticizer solution is presented, to eliminate some part of this area overhead. Effectiveness of the proposed shared-staticizer method is evaluated in several technology nodes and different asynchronous designs. Results show this technique works correctly down to subthreshold voltage and is superior to standard staticizer implementations with respect to area consumption with no impact on performance or power.
Distinct Cation Gradients Power Cholesterol Transport at Different Key Points in the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Cholesterol plays two critical roles in Hedgehog signaling, a fundamental pathway in animal development and cancer: it covalently modifies the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) ligand, restricting its release from producing cells, and directly activates Smoothened in responding cells. In both contexts, a membrane protein related to bacterial RND transporters regulates cholesterol: Dispatched1 controls release of cholesterylated SHH, and Patched1 antagonizes Smoothened activation by cholesterol. The mechanism and driving force for eukaryotic RND proteins, including Dispatched1 and Patched1, are unknown. Here, we show that Dispatched1 acts enzymatically to catalyze SHH release. Dispatched1 uses the energy of the plasma membrane Na+ gradient, thus functioning as an SHH/Na+ antiporter. In contrast, Patched1 repression of Smoothened requires the opposing K+ gradient. Our results clarify the transporter activity of essential eukaryotic RND proteins and demonstrate that the two main cation gradients of animal cells differentially power cholesterol transport at two crucial steps in the Hedgehog pathway.
Another Use for Padlock Clip

The novel over-the-scope Padlock clip was reported to assist in the management of esophageal fistulas, refractory gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, and GI defects closure. A little is known about the management of non-lifting colon polyps with fibrosis secondary to prior intervention. Resection could be challenging given prior intervention. The tools used to remove such polyps are different between institutions. In this study, we describe our experience with Padlock clip in removing non-lifting colon polyp.
A user-friendly algorithm for adaptive closed-loop phase-locked stimulation.

Author(s): Rodriguez Rivero, Cristian; Ditterich, Jochen | Abstract: BackgroundClosed-loop phase-locked stimulation experiments are rare due to the unavailability of user-friendly algorithms and devices. Our goal is to provide an algorithm for the detection of oscillatory activity in local field potentials (LFPs) and phase prediction, which is user-friendly and robust to non-stationarities in LFPs of behaving animals.New methodWe propose an algorithm that only requires specification of the frequency range within which oscillatory episodes are tracked. Frequency-specific detection thresholds and filter parameters are adjusted automatically based on the short-time LFP power spectrum. Estimates of instantaneous frequency and instantaneous phase are used for phase extrapolation, taking advantage of Bayesian estimation. We used real LFP signals, recorded from a variety of different species and different brain areas, as well as artificial LFP signals with known properties to assess the detection and prediction performance of our algorithm and three previously published reference algorithms under various conditions.Results and comparison with existing methodsOur algorithm, while significantly more user-friendly than previous approaches, provides a solid detection and prediction performance over a wide range of realistic conditions and, in many cases, has a longer prediction horizon than the reference algorithms. Due to its ability to adjust to changes in the signal, the algorithm is well-prepared to deal with non-stationarities in oscillation frequency, even in the presence of multiple oscillation components.ConclusionsWe have created a universal algorithm for oscillation detection and phase prediction, which performs well and is user-friendly at the same time, making closed-loop phase-locked stimulation experiments easier to accomplish.
Improving technical and economic feasibility of water based anthocyanin recovery from purple corn using staged extraction approach

Abstract High anthocyanin concentration in the pericarp, and bioethanol coproduction from remaining fractions make purple corn an attractive source for anthocyanin extraction. Water-based anthocyanin recovery would provide ‘natural’ anthocyanin extract with diverse applications in food industry. However, low anthocyanin recovery with water-based extraction is not economically feasible on a commercial scale. The objective of this study was to investigate various approaches for increasing water-based anthocyanin recovery from purple corn and assessing techno-economic feasibility of these process options for commercial scale application. Anthocyanin recoveries of 48.6, 68.6, 77.9 and 66.8 % with single-stage, two-stage, three-stage, and two-stage countercurrent water-based extractions, respectively, from pericarp, were higher than recoveries (30.8 %) with process conditions used in previous studies. Single-stage extraction with corn flour had 46.1 % higher anthocyanin yield than single-stage extraction with pericarp due to low pericarp yields. Annual ethanol and anthocyanin yields for plants processing 1113 MT purple corn/day were between 35.2 and 36.3 million gal and 496 and 795 MT, respectively for processes modified for water-based anthocyanin extraction, compared to 42 million gal for the conventional process. Capital costs for modified processes ($97.4–101.4 million) were higher than the conventional process ($87.2 million). Due to the high value of anthocyanins, ethanol production costs for modified processes ($0.98 to 0.48/gal) were lower than the conventional process ($1.34/gal). Internal rate of return for modified technologies was 1.9–3.1 times that of the conventional process, indicating an improvement in economic performance. Anthocyanin extraction process with three-stage anthocyanin recovery had the highest profitability among the processes.
Why sleep matters after traumatic brain injury.

Citation:Wickwire EM. Why sleep matters after traumatic brain injury. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(suppl_1):5S–6S.
Increase in temperature enriches heat tolerant taxa in Aedes aegypti midguts

Insect midgut microbial symbionts have been considered as an integral component in thermal adaptation due to their differential thermal sensitivity. Altered midgut microbial communities can influence both insect physiology and competence for important vector-borne pathogens. This study sought to gain insights into how Aedes aegypti midgut microbes and life history traits are affected by increase in baseline diurnal temperature. Increase in temperature resulted in the enrichment of specific taxa with Bacillus being the most enriched. Bacillus is known to be heat tolerant. It also resulted in a dissimilar microbial assemblage (Bray–Curtis Index, PERMANOVA, F = 2.2063; R2 = 0.16706; P = 0.002) and reduced survivorship (Log-rank [Mantel-Cox] test, Chi-square = 35.66 df = 5, P < 0.0001). Blood meal intake resulted in proliferation of pathogenic bacteria such as Elizabethkingia in the midgut of the mosquitoes. These results suggest that alteration of temperature within realistic parameters such as 2 °C for Ae. aegypti in nature may impact the midgut microbiome favoring specific taxa that could alter mosquito fitness, adaptation and vector–pathogen interactions.
Four Salvage NAD+ Biosynthetic Pathway Enzymes Moonlight as Molecular Chaperones to Protect Against Proteotoxicity

Human neurodegenerative proteinopathies are disorders associated with abnormal protein depositions in brain neurons. They include polyglutamine (polyQ) conditions such as Huntington9s disease (HD) and alpha-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson9s disease (PD). Overexpression of NMNAT/Nma1, an enzyme in the NAD+ biosynthetic salvage pathway, acts as an efficient suppressor of proteotoxicities in yeast, fly, and mouse models. Screens in yeast models of HD and PD allowed us to identify three additional enzymes of the same pathway that achieve similar protection against proteotoxic stress: Npt1, Pnc1, and Qns1. Here, we report that their ability to maintain proteostasis is independent of their catalytic activity and does not require cellular protein quality control systems such as the proteasome or autophagy. Furthermore, we show that, under proteotoxic stress, the four proteins are recruited as molecular chaperones with holdase and foldase activities. The NAD+ salvage proteins act by preventing misfolding and, together with the Hsp90 chaperone, promoting the refolding of extended polyQ domains or alpha-synuclein. We conclude that the entire salvage NAD+ biosynthetic pathway links NAD+ metabolism and proteostasis and emerges as a target for therapeutics to combat age-associated neurodegenerative proteotoxicities. Our observations also illustrate the existence of an evolutionarily conserved strategy of repurposing or moonlighting housekeeping enzymes under stress conditions to maintain proteostasis.
Comparing the effects of two cardiovascular health factors on working memory capacity in healthy aging: separate and combined effects of arterial elasticity and physical fitness.

Objectives Arterial elasticity and physical fitness are two important cardiovascular health factors that influence cognition in older adults. Working memory capacity (WMC), a core component underlying cognitive aging across many cognitive domains, may be affected by individual differences in cardiovascular health in older adults. The current study aims to identify in older adults: 1) separate and combined effects of these two cardiovascular health factors on WMC, and 2) which of the two factors is more critical in influencing WMC. Method WMC in 89 healthy older adults was assessed by two complex span tasks. Arterial elasticity was assessed by pulse pressure (PsP). Physical fitness was measured by an established proxy of VO2Max (MET). Effects of PsP and MET on WMC were evaluated via step-wise regressions. Results After controlling for age, sex, and education, PsP and MET were separately predictive of WMC in older adults. Together, the combined effect of PsP and MET was more predictive of WMC than fitness alone, but not more than PsP alone. Mediation analysis indicates that the relationship between MET and WMC was completely mediated by PsP. Discussion The current study innovatively demonstrates that though arterial elasticity and physical fitness separately predict WMC, the former completely mediates the relationship between fitness and WMC. This suggests that biologically-based cardiovascular health factors like arterial elasticity are crucial individual difference variables that should be measured and monitored in cognitive aging studies as well as in physical interventions that are designed to improve cognition in healthy aging.
Reading Small French Muslim political parties through the lens of Baldwin’s racial innocence:

James Baldwin’s concept of racial innocence is, at its core, a tool for examining the process whereby a dominant group subjugates another while prominently, proudly maintaining an egalitarian self-...
Educar nuestra esperanza en tiempos de oscuridad: Cómo continuar trabajando hacia la justicia social en un mundo capitalista neoliberal

The philosophical-pedagogical vision of Paulo Freire allows us to elucidate the urgent need of educating our hope in order to build a more just society in these times where the policies of neoliberal capitalism have obscured and manipulated our understanding of reality to change the inhuman conditions that capitalism itself has generated. If we do not educate our hope we can reach hopelessness and continuous depression, accepting, as a consequence, that there are no alternatives to this inhuman reality in which capitalism is making the vast majority of the planet's inhabitants live. Educating our hope is a process of cognitive effort and joint learning, which must lead us to a critical vision of reality in order to strategically conceive actions that will lead us to reach the untested feasibility of equity and justice for all.
The Nature of Knowledge

One of the principal motives for pursuing an analytical problem-space approach for this investigation is that some of the most influential figures working within this field have gradually evolved in their positions, Fodor especially. Fodor (1987), for example, yields a functional analysis within common-sense psychology, yet he persists in maintaining that “there has to be a language of thought” [Fodor (1987), pp. 135–154]. On this point, I believe he is completely mistaken. The only presupposition for learning a language appears to be species-specific predispositions [cf. Fetzer (1985b)]. But it remains essential to understand the results discovered thus far. In Chapter 2, the symbol system conception was shown to be inferior to the semiotic system conception as an account of the nature of mind. Much of of Chapter 3, by comparison, was devoted to establishing the inadequacy of any computational approach to the analysis of language and mentality. Both were directed against certain conceptions of AI rather than AI itself.