cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ligand interactions with membrane-bound porcine atrial muscarinic receptor(s).

Ligand interactions with the membrane-bound muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in porcine atria are characterized by using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate [Yamamura, H. I., & Snyder, S. H. (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 1725-1729] as a probe for the receptor. Antagonists and local anesthetics appear to displace quinuclidinyl benzilate from a single population of high-affinity sites while agonists appear to interact with two noninterconvertible subpopulations of quinuclidinyl benzilate binding sites. The simplest mechanism that appeared to be consistent with both kinetic and thermodynamic studies of [3H]QNB binding to the receptor required two steps. The first step, in rapid preequilibrium (K = 1.8 X 10(-9) M), was followed by a slow ligand-induced conformational change (k1 = 5.5 X 10(-3) s-1; k-1 = 3.3 X 10(-4) s-1) of the receptor-QNB complex. The overall dissociation constant calculated from the kinetic data (1.09 X 10(-10) M) was in good agreement with that determined from equilibrium measurements (Kov = 1.22 X 10(-10) M). The complex behavior of the dissociation rate constant for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate in the presence of competing ligands may indicate that at high concentrations these ligands either bind to a second low-affinity site(s) on the protein, altering the properties of the high-affinity site, or they nonspecifically alter the properties of the membrane, creating a second population of quinuclidinyl benzilate-receptor complexes that dissociate with an observed rate constant equal to 3 X 10(-5) s-1.
Evaluation of Selected Interview Data in Improving the Predictive Validity of a Verbal Ability Test with Psychiatric Aide Trainees.

From 13 objective interview items, five with adequate response variability were studied to determine if they would improve the validity of a verbal ability selection test in predicting the work performance of 181 psychiatric aide trainees. Multiple regression analysis revealed that a combination of three of the interview variables (prior work experience, education, and age) improved the selection test validity of .27 (p < .01) to .34 (p < .01), but none of the variables individually significantly increased the validity of the test. While limited support was found for the use of such biographical interview data to enhance test validity, the number of variables studied were relatively few. None of the interview variables correlated as high with the criterion as the verbal test, which is consistent with prior reviews. No significant race differences on the interview variables or performance criterion were found and comparison of regression line slopes and intercepts revealed no evidence of selection test bia...
In vitro studies on differentiation of the reproductive tract

This paper will summarize some of the results of a series of organ-culture studies on sex differentiation of the reproductive tract of foetal guinea-pigs. Three aspects will be discussed: (1) the the secretory activity of the gonads in relation to the chronological steps in morphogenesis of the gonads and the reproductive ducts (Wolffian and M ullerian); (2) the dependence of the Wolffian ducts on testicular hormones at the critical period of development; (3) the marked independence of the Mullerian ducts from ovarian-secreted hormones. A culture method was selected for this study because organs or reproductive tracts can be isolated from the complex foetal environment as explants and maintained in culture under controlled conditions, thus avoiding many complications encountered in experimentation in vivo . The explantation and culture of isolated reproductive tracts of foetal rats and mice have been successful (see review by Price & Ortiz 1965) and essentially the same method that was used in these earlier studies has been employed for the guinea-pig, except for some important modifications. The technique is basically a watch-glass method in which a natural medium is used. A detailed description was given in Zaaijer, Price & Ortiz (1966) and Price, Ortiz & Zaaijer (1967). The guinea-pig is a favourable species for such experimentation because it is a long-term rodent (average gestation period 68 days) and the morphogenetic changes involved in sex differentiation of the reproductive ducts in vivo extend from 29 to 38 days of foetal life. The stages and timing in sex differentiation in vitro were found to be closely similar to those in vivo . This protracted period of 9 days was advantageous for close study i n vitro of the steps in maintenance and development of the ducts or, conversely, in their retrogression and degeneration under various hormonal conditions. Such a study was greatly facilitated by the visibility of the ducts in the explants during the culture period.
Structural features of todorokite intergrowths in manganese nodules

The disordered, cryptocrystalline phases that comprise manganese nodules1,2 typically yield broad, diffuse X-ray lines that have led to ambiguity in their identification. Of particular interest is the manganese oxide phase that has been correlated to the presence of copper and nickel in nodules. This host phase has a characteristic X-ray d-spacing of ∼10 A and has been compared with both a naturally occurring material— todorokite3,4—and a synthetic phase—buserite5,6. The structures of those phases have been difficult to decipher, but recent work using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has provided insight into the todorokite7 and buserite8 structures. Using HRTEM results we now show that the nodule 10 A phase does have the same structure as non-marine todorokite9. In addition, structural imaging shows that both nodule and non-marine todorokite exhibit similar disordering phenomena. A unique feature of the nodule todorokite is its intimate and topotactic intergrowth with a possible double-chain oxide. Its paragenetic relationship to todorokite is not yet determined.
Computing minimal state space recursive equilibrium in OLG models with stochastic production

Using order-theoretic methods, we derive sufficient conditions for the existence, characterization, and computation of minimal state space recursive equilibrium (RE), as well as Stationary Markov equilibrium (SME) for various classes of stochastic overlapping generations models. In contrast to previous work, our methods focus on constructive methods. Our existence results are obtained for models that include public policy (e.g., social security policies, transfers, taxes, etc), production nonconvexities, elastic labor supply, non-monotone income processes, and long-lived agents. We distinguish conditions under which there exist various subclasses of minimal state space RE, including bounded, monotone, non-monotone, semicontinuous, Lipschitz continuous RE. Finally, we provide monotone equilibrium comparative statics results on the space of economies for some RE.
Dating Quaternary lacustrine sediments in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

Abstract Reports of erroneously old 14C dates for modern Antarctic materials have thrown doubt into 14C chronologies. The carbon reservoir effect purported to exist in Quaternary lacustrine sediments of the McMurdo Dry Valleys was investigated by studying 14C distribution, and testing alternate dating techniques. Our results show that the carbon reservoir effect is not pervasive. Stream and near-shore microbial mats and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the surface waters of Lake Fryxell are in equilibrium with modern 14CO2. The surface waters of Lake Hoare and Lake Bonney, however, have DIC 14C ages of 1650 and 2080 yr B.P., respectively. These older age estimates are suggested to be due to the direct input of large amounts of glacial melt with relict DIC. On the other hand, Lake Fryxell receives only a minor component of its inflow directly from a glacier, while a large component must travel long distances in numerous shallow ephemeral streams after leaving local valley glaciers. This mode of melt-water input allows the water to equilibrate with modern CO2 before entering the lake. Bottom-water 14C ages for Lake Hoare closely match surface sediment ages, supporting the widely published period ∼1200 yr B.P. (after a 1650 yr reservoir correction) when most dry valley lakes apparently evaporated to small brine ponds and/or disappeared completely. Lake Bonney bottom-water is ∼8000 yr B.P. Carbon dating is shown to be a viable technique for lake edge deposits, and possibly lake bottom deposits where a correction to the sediment surface age can be obtained. However, we conclude that deep-water paleolake deposits can not be reliably dated using 14C alone because of an inability to determine the age of the reservoir correction (i.e. accounting for the initial carbon reservoir, plus the age of the bottom water). A suite of alternative and complimentary dating techniques were tested on modern and late Holocene lacustrine deposits. These include thermoluminescence (TL), 210Pb, 137Cs, and paleomagnetism. Of these techniques, TL (or the more sensitive optically stimulated luminescence) holds the most promise for correcting lake sediment 14C ages. TL dating of the modern Lake Hoare sediments showed an ∼1000 yr relict signal. This signal is unaffected by the age of the lake water. Both 210Pb and 137Cs occurred in very low levels in the sediments and do not appear to be viable dating techniques for the perennially ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Paleomagnetism was not suited to the coarse-grained nature of Lake Hoare bottom sediments, but could be a useful alternative given a finer sediment type.
Types of immediate memory

This study compares retrieval from immediate memory by same-order and true serialorder recall. The present findings are consistent with predictions based on the assumption of an order-dependent address storage for same-order recall and a marker storage which is not order dependent for true serial-order recall. Until certain alternative assumptions are evaluated, it is not clear whether these results imply two types of retrieval from a common storage, or two types of storage.
Delamination Detection of Reinforced Concrete Decks Using Modal Identification

This study addressed delamination detection of concrete slabs by analyzing global dynamic responses of structures. Both numerical and experimental studies are presented. In the numerical examples, delaminations with different sizes and locations were introduced into a concrete slab; the effects of presence, sizes, and locations of delaminations on the modal frequencies and mode shapes of the concrete slab under various support conditions were studied. In the experimental study, four concrete deck specimens with different delamination sizes were constructed, and experimental tests were conducted. Traditional peak-picking, frequency domain decomposition, and stochastic subspace identification methods were applied to the modal identification from dynamic response measurements. The modal parameters identified by these three methods correlated well. The changes in modal frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes that were extracted from the dynamic measurements were investigated and correlated to the actual delaminations and can indicate presence and severity of delamination. Finite element (FE) models of reinforced concrete decks with different delamination sizes and locations were established. The modal parameters computed from the FE models were compared to those obtained from the laboratory specimens, and the FE models were validated. The delamination detection approach was proved to be effective for concrete decks on beams.
Hexagonal graphite to cubic diamond transition from equilibrium lines and barrier calculations

Phase equilibrium lines of hexagonal graphite (hg) and cubic diamond (cd) phases of carbon as well as a saddle-point equilibrium line between the two phase equilibrium lines are studied by first-principles total-energy calculations. The Gibbs free energies (G) of the three equilibrium lines determine the transition pressure p t = 70 kbar (0.070 Mbar) from hg phase to cd phase and the barrier height at p t of ΔG = 178 mRy/atom that stabilizes the two phases against a phase transition. The cd phase becomes unstable at V = 13.6 au3/atom (p = 26 Mbar) where the curvature at the equilibrium point of the energy curve (denoted E V (c/a) curve) goes to zero. The hg and cd phase equilibrium lines cross at V = 14.5 au3/atom where the regular hg phase (with one minimum in each E V (c/a) curve) ends and the irregular hg phase (with two minima in each E V (c/a) curve) develops. The feature of “two phase equilibrium lines cross” was not observed in our previous work [S.L. Qiu, P.M. Marcus, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 24, 225501 (2012); S.L. Qiu, P.M. Marcus, Eur. Phys. J. B 86, 425 (2013)] where the two interacting crystal phases have a common unit cell with different c/a ratios. This work demonstrates that the saddle-point equilibrium line along with the two phase equilibrium lines are all needed for a complete description of crystal phases and their transitions under pressure.
Biological activity and associated sedimentary structures in HEBBLE-area deposits, western North Atlantic

Abstract Biological and sedimentologic samples along with X-radiographs of sediment slabs were taken from box cores in the HEBBLE area (4700 m) on the lower continental rise of Nova Scotia. These data suggest that this bottom region is influenced by periods of strong near-bottom currents which erode and physically transport sediments. These high periods alternate with periods of weaker flow. Biogenic reworking of sediments by an active benthic infauna dominates particle transport during low flow conditions.
Synthesis of thin silicon nanowires using gold-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition

Silicon nanowires were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition catalyzed by gold nanoparticles deposited on silicon substrates. Silicon nanowires grew epitaxially in 〈111〉 directions on (100)-oriented silicon substrates. For a particular set of process parameters, we observed a critical thickness of the nucleating gold film, below which nanowires could not be grown. We studied the dependence of the Au-Si alloy droplet size and size distribution on the starting gold film thickness and the annealing conditions. Increasing the Cl:Si ratio in the gas phase allowed nanowires to grow on smaller Au-Si alloy droplets. We used a modified heating sequence that deconvoluted the effect of silicon substrate consumption and gas-phase silicon supply on the Au-Si alloy formation and allowed growth of nanowires with diameters less than 20 nm. The modified heating sequence was also used to demonstrate the growth of bridging silicon nanowires with diameters less than 20 nm, which is a significant step in producing electronic devices.
Simple group contribution theory for adsorption of alkanes in nanoporous carbons

This paper develops a simplified form of the group-contribution theory of Russell and LeVan (Chem. Eng. Sci. 51 (1996) 4025) for the prediction of adsorption equilibria of n-alkanes on activated carbon. Molecules are separated into elements or groups, and adsorbate group-adsorbent interactions are the determining factor for adsorption equilibrium. The adsorbent surface is considered to be heterogeneous with a single dimensionless energy distribution. Model parameters are determined for pure-component adsorption of methane, ethane, n-butane, and n-hexane on BPL activated carbon at multiple temperatures. The resulting parameters are then used to predict adsorption equilibrium of propane and n-octane at multiple temperatures and mixtures of methane and n-hexane and ethane and n-hexane. The model gives a more accurate prediction of mixture adsorption than the ideal adsorbed solution theory. The model is also used to describe methane, propane, and n-pentane adsorption on BAX activated carbon (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40 (2001) 338) and methane, ethane, and propane on Columbia Grade L carbon (Ind. Eng. Chem. 42 (1950) 1315) at multiple temperatures. The model is shown to describe adsorption equilibria of alkanes on all three activated carbons with good accuracy and can also be used as a predictive tool for components on which no experimental data are available.
Specificity of Microbiological Attack on Cellulose Derivatives

Data have been presented relating to the growth of 11 species of microorganisms isolated from deteriorated cotton fabrics on various derivatives of glucose, mannose, cellobiose, and cellulose. A hi...
The distribution, stereochemistry and stable isotopic composition of amino acid constituents of fossil and modern mollusk shells

Abstract Geochemical investigations of the distribution and stereochemistry of amino acids in fossils are oftentimes hindered by a lack of control over the indigeneity of these compounds. Amino acid constituents of organisms, however, have distinct stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions. A comparison of the stable isotopic composition of the d - and l -enantiomers of individual amino acids isolated from fossils may provide an alternative approach for evaluating the origins of these compounds. In this study, an analytical method is presented for the isolation of individual enantiomers of amino acids from mollusk shells for stable isotope analyses. We report, for the first time, the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of the d - and l -enantiomers of glutamic acid isolated from a Pleistocene age fossil Mercenaria shell. This new information is combined with the distribution and stereochemistry of amino acids in fossil Mercenaria shells to provide a unified model for evaluating the origin(s) of amino acids in fossils.
A Comparison of Simple Rheological Parameters and Simulation Data for Zymomonas mobilis Fermentation Broths with High Substrate Loading in a 3-L Bioreactor

Traditionally, as much as 80% or more of an ethanol fermentation broth is water that must be removed. This mixture is not only costly to separate but also produces a large aqueous stream that must then be disposed of or recycled. Integrative approaches to water reduction include increasing the biomass concentration during fermentation. In this paper, experimental results are presented for the rheological behavior of high-solids enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation for biomass conversion using Solka Floc as the model feedstock. The experimental determination of the viscosity, shear stress, and shear rate relationships of the 10 to 20% slurry concentrations with constant enzyme concentrations are performed with a variable speed rotational viscometer (2.0 to 200 rpm) at 40 °C. The viscosities of enzymatic suspension observed were in range of 0.0418 to 0.0144, 0.233 to 0.0348, and 0.292 to 0.0447 Pa s for shear rates up to 100 reciprocal seconds at 10, 15, and 20% initial solids (w/v), respectively. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of bioreactor mixing demonstrates the change in bioreactor mixing with increasing biomass concentration. The portion-loading method is shown to be effective for processing high-solids slurries.
An investigation into the mechanisms causing antipodean strabismus.

Background Antipodean strabismus is a rare clinical entity in which a patient manifests an esotropia when fixating with one eye and an exotropia when fixating with the other eye. It has been described in the settings of marked uncorrected anisometropia, dissociated strabismus or combinations of paresis, and mechanical restriction of eye movement. Methods A retrospective review of four patients with antipodean strabismus. Results All patients demonstrated a unique and uncommon pattern in which there was esotropia with one eye fixating and exotropia with the other eye fixating. None of the patients demonstrated anisometropia or signs of dissociated horizontal deviation. One patient developed antipodean strabismus after prior surgery to correct a traumatic sixth nerve palsy. Another patient had an associated pseudotumor cerebri. The other two patients had no pertinent medical history and, on clinical examination, demonstrated markedly asymmetric accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratios. Conclusions Antipodean strabismus is an atypical heterotropia, which can be associated with a variety of clinical findings. This article demonstrates the uniqueness of this clinical entity and illustrates the first association of this pattern with a markedly asymmetric AC/A ratio.
Large-Scale, Long-Term Stable Femtosecond Timing Distribution and Synchronization

Long-term stable and femtosecond-precision timing distribution and synchronization over 300 m distance is demonstrated based on the use of optical pulse trains generated from ultralow-noise mode-locked lasers
Paraneoplastic nervous system syndromes

Recent progress in the understanding of the paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes has included further deliniation of the clinical syndromes and their treatment, attempts at standardization of the diagnostic nomenclature, investigations of pathogenetic mechanisms, and molecular characterization of the paraneoplastic antigens with implications as to their biologic relevance. Despite more than 30 years of investigation, the pathogenesis of these presumably autoimmune conditions remains unclear. Furthermore, no effective therapy has been identified for these conditions, with the possible exception of the opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndromes. Future investigations must focus on the disrupted genetic regulatory events involved in generation and propagation of the autoimmune response, antigen presentation and processing; target cell destruction, and consideration of alternative pathologic causes. Effective management strategies are most likely to develop from a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis, the development of animal model systems, and a creative look beyond the usual therapies employed in autoimmune conditions.
Atmospheric chemistry on Venus, Earth, and Mars: Main features and comparison

Abstract This paper deals with two common problems and then considers major aspects of chemistry in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus. (1) The atmospheres of the terrestrial planets have similar origins but different evolutionary pathways because of the different masses and distances to the Sun. Venus lost its water by hydrodynamic escape, Earth lost CO 2 that formed carbonates and is strongly affected by life, Mars lost water in the reaction with iron and then most of the atmosphere by the intense meteorite impacts. (2) In spite of the higher solar radiation on Venus, its thermospheric temperatures are similar to those on Mars because of the greater gravity acceleration and the higher production of O by photolysis of CO 2 . O stimulates cooling by the emission at 15 μm in the collisions with CO 2 . (3) There is a great progress in the observations of photochemical tracers and minor constituents on Mars in the current decade. This progress is supported by progress in photochemical modeling, especially by photochemical GCMs. Main results in these areas are briefly discussed. The problem of methane presents the controversial aspects of its variations and origin. The reported variations of methane cannot be explained by the existing data on gas-phase and heterogeneous chemistry. The lack of current volcanism, SO 2 , and warm spots on Mars favor the biological origin of methane. (4) Venus’ chemistry is rich and covers a wide range of temperatures and pressures and many species. Photochemical models for the middle atmosphere (58–112 km), for the nighttime atmosphere and night airglow at 80–130 km, and the kinetic model for the lower atmosphere are briefly discussed.
Characterization of the mobilization determinants of pAN12, a small replicon from Rhodococcus erythropolis AN12

Bacteria belonging to the Gram-positive actinomycete species, Rhodococcus erythropolis, are diverse not only in terms of metabolic potentials but the plasmids they encode. It was shown previously that the R. erythropolis AN12 genome harbors a 6.3kb cryptic plasmid called pAN12, which is a member of the pIJ101 family of plasmids. Here we show that pAN12 is conjugatively mobilizable into other rhodococcal strains. A series of plasmid deletion constructs were tested for loss of mobility to identify the pAN12 cis-acting conjugation requirement. In this way, an approximately 700bp region was found to be required for plasmid transmission. A small 61bp element within this region confers mobility to an otherwise non-mobilizable plasmid. Unlike pIJ101, which encodes all necessary factors for transfer, pAN12 mobility is dependent on the presence of an AN12 megaplasmid, pREA400.
Elimination of the CDP-ethanolamine Pathway Disrupts Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis

Phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (ECT) catalyzes the rate-controlling step in a major pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn). Hepatocyte-specific deletion of the ECT gene in mice resulted in normal appearing animals without overt signs of liver injury or inflammation. The molecular species of PtdEtn in the ECT-deficient livers were significantly altered compared with controls and matched the composition of the phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) pool, illustrating the complete reliance on the PtdSer decarboxylase pathway for PtdEtn synthesis. PtdSer structure was controlled by the substrate specificity of PtdSer synthase that selectively converted phosphatidylcholine molecular species containing stearate paired with a polyunsaturated fatty acid to PtdSer. There was no evidence for fatty acid remodeling of PtdEtn. The elimination of diacylglycerol utilization by the CDP-ethanolamine pathway led to a 10-fold increase in triacylglycerols in the ECT-deficient hepatocytes that became engorged with lipid droplets. Triacylglycerol accumulation was associated with a significant elevation in the expression of the transcription factors and target genes that drive de novo lipogenesis. The absence of the ECT pathway for diacylglycerol utilization at the endoplasmic reticulum triggers increased fatty acid synthesis to support the formation of triacylglycerols leading to liver steatosis.
Antiestrogen pharmacology and mechanism of action

Antiestrogens are nonsteroidal compounds that are capable of antagonizing many of the actions of estrogens. They have long half-lives in serum, and during their action in vivo, the antiestrogens C1628, U23,469 and tamoxifen undergo bioactivation to more polar forms that have a higher affinity for the estrogen receptor. Utilizing the high affinity antiestrogens C1628M and trans-hydroxytamoxifen in radiolabeled form, we find differences in the interaction of the estradiol receptor complex and antiestrogen receptor complex with DNA cellulose and differences in their association in the nucleus. In MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, there are marked differences in the sedimentation rate and chromatographic properties of the nuclear estrogen receptor when complexed with antiestrogen (5.5 +/- 0.06 s, 5.93 +/- 0.20 nm Stokes radius, 137,000 mol. wt) as opposed to estrogen (4.1 +/- 0.03 s, 4.84 +/- 0.20 nm Stokes radius, 83,000 mol. wt). Our data are consistent with the association of the antiestrogen receptor with an additional nuclear protein of approx. 55,000 mol. wt. This antiestrogen promoted change in receptor association with another cellular component, which may function as a possible nuclear "blocking protein" and the alterations in antiestrogen-receptor association with DNA and nuclei, may be important aspects of the estrogen antagonist and growth inhibiting properties of these compounds. In addition to binding directly to the estrogen receptor, antiestrogens can be found associated with binding sites that are distinct from the estrogen receptor. These sites are present in a wide variety of estrogen target and non-target tissues in the rat, and in estrogen receptor positive and negative human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MD-231) that differ markedly in their sensitivity to antiestrogens. These sites have a subcellular distribution and ligand binding specificity very different from those of the estrogen receptor. While their wide distribution and order of binding affinities for different antiestrogens raise questions about their role in mediating directly the classically recognized estrogen antagonism of antiestrogens, these sites might alter the apparent distribution volume of antiestrogens and hence their biological potency and pharmacokinetics.
Interactions of Tn7 and temperate phage F116L of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Tn7 insertions into the genome of F116L, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa generalized transducing phage, were isolated by repeated cycles of transducing phage, were of strains lysogenic for F116cts mutants with selection for trimethoprim resistance (Tp1). Two non-defective F116Lcts:Tn7 phage were characterized. They have reduced plaquing ability, produced non-lysogenic Tpr transductants, and have yielded a deletion mutant of the phage genome upon selection for plaque formation in single infection. F116L DNA is circularly permuted and terminally redundant. A circular restriction map of 61.7 kb has been defined, and a cleavage site common to many enzymes has been identified at coordinate 23.3 kb on the map. It is presumed that this site represents the sequence for the initiation of DNA encapsidation by a headful packaging mode. The Tn7 insertion targets and a 13.4 kb deletion define regions of the F116L genome non-essential for either vegetative growth or lysogenization. The restriction map of Tn7 has been determined for five enzymes. Non-lysogenic Tpr transuctants reveal a Tn7 insertion hot-spot in the P. aeruginosa genome.
Absorption cross-sections of HFC-134a in the spectral region between 7 and 12 μm

Abstract Spectral absorption cross-sections k ν ( cm 2 molecule −1 ) were measured in the 7.07, 8.08, 9.24, 10.3, and 11.9 μm bands of HFC-134a at temperatures between 190 and 296 K and pressures between 10 and 1013 hPa with a high-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometer. Our data were obtained at pressures and temperatures that characterise several of the commonly adapted model atmospheres, represent tangent heights in solar-occultation-type remote-sensing observations of the atmosphere, and the conditions recorded in atmospheric observations at Arctic latitudes. The integrated cross-sections (or integrated intensities) of the absorption bands in the 7.07, 8.08, 9.24, 10.3, and 11.9 μm regions are, in the unit of 10 −17 cm molecule −1 , 0.4674, 9.711, 1.508, 0.8753, and 0.2527, respectively.
N-terminal extension of sweet peptides in relation to the structural features of peptide sweeteners.

Sweet aspartyl di- and tripeptide esters were extended toward the N-terminus in relation to the structural features of sweet peptides. The sweet peptides were designed on the basis of the receptor site model. It was found that an extension of the sweet aspartyl dipeptide esters by adding a small d-amino acid residue mostly gave sweet compounds (e.g., d-Ala-l-Asp-d-Ala-OMe), although this significantly decreased their sweetness potencies. Further extension at the N-terminus of the extended sweet tripeptide esters to yield the tetrapeptide esters resulted in a loss of the sweet taste. The N-terminal extension of sweet aspartyl tripeptide esters resulted in faintly sweet or nonsweet tetrapeptide esters. Interestingly, an analogous extension at the N-terminus of the sweet aminomalonyl dipeptide esters gave bitter compounds (e.g., d-Ala-dl-Ama-l-Phe-OMe). These results indicate that the receptor has a small space that can accomodate an additional small d-amino acid residue at the site facing the N-terminus of ...
Cohesive zone modeling of intergranular fatigue damage in rolling contacts

Fatigue lives of rolling element bearings exhibit much scatter due to the statistical nature of the failure process. The localized character of contact stresses enhances the effects of microstructural features on fatigue life. In this paper, the growth of intergranular fatigue damage in rolling contacts is investigated. An explicit finite element model is developed which models the grain boundaries using an irreversible cohesive zone approach. The effects that the grain boundary properties play in fatigue life scatter and final spall patterns are presented and discussed. The predicted fatigue lives and spall patterns were found to be similar to experimental results.
Detection of protein–ligand interactions by NMR using reductive methylation of lysine residues

We show that reductive methylation of proteins can be used for highly sensitive NMR identification of conformational changes induced by metal- and small molecule binding, as well as protein–protein interactions. Reductive methylation of proteins introduces two 13C-methyl groups on each lysine in the protein of interest. This method works well even when the lysines are not actively involved in the interaction, due to changes in the microenvironments of lysine residues. Most lysine residues are located on the protein exterior, and the exposed 13C-methyl groups may exhibit rapid localized motions. These motions could be faster than the tumbling rate of the molecule as a whole. Thus, this technique has great potential in the study of large molecular weight systems which are currently beyond the scope of conventional NMR methods.
THE RELATION OF AMICRONUCLEARITY TO STOMATOGENIC ACTIVITY DURING CONJUGATION IN SEVERAL CILIATES.

Early in conjugation, both in micronucleate and amicronucleate ciliates, the original oral structures degenerate and are quickly succeeded by new rudiments which may or may not attain functional competency. These changes were followed in matings of amicronucleate Oxytricha fallax and, in somewhat less detail, of amicronucleate Paramecium multimicronucleatum and P. trichium. In the ex-conjugants of Oxytricha the new peristomes did not reach complete structural development: they bore a deficient number of adoral membranelles and lacked an undulating membrane along the right border. Numerous isolated pairs gave rise to ex-conjugants, all of which died within a few days. Macronuclear changes in conjugation seemed normal. In P. multimicronucleatum most of the ex-conjugants lacked a buccal cavity. Either the second generation oral apparatus had failed to develop or had disappeared quickly after it did arise. An occasional ex-conjugant possessed an oral opening which could have been the persisting original buccal cavity, or a possible new one. Isolated pairs yielded 80–100% lethality. The discrepancy from 100% is explainable on the basis of precocious separation of a small number of pairs before their macronuclei had reached irreversible skein formation, as judged by stained specimens. The macronuclear changes were somewhat different from those of micronucleate conjugation. P. trichium amicronucleate conjugations were studied only from cases in mass cultures, all of which died out. Although most of the ex-conjugants lacked buccal cavities, there was a higher percentage of individuals with mouths than was true for P. multimicronucleatum.
The vital role of ORWH.

We would like to address misconceptions created by the News story “Women abound in NIH trials” (Special Section on Clinical Trials and Tribulations, 10 October 2008, p. [219][1]), in which C. Holden questions whether the Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) is still needed at NIH. The importance of ORWH extends well beyond ensuring that women are included in clinical trials. It also plays a unique role in promoting and funding science and career development in women's health and gender biology. ORWH initiatives ([1][2]) strengthen and enhance interdisciplinary and translational research related to conditions that affect women and men, and they support the recruitment, retention, reentry, and advancement of women in biomedical careers. ORWH funds or co-funds research and career development grants through the NIH institutes and centers, and it advances research on women's health and related sex/gender factors. In addition, ORWH pioneered a K-12 mentored career development program to support the training of junior faculty researchers in women's health research. This innovative program has served as a model for career development awards throughout the NIH. 1. 1.[↵][3] Office of Research on Women's Health ( ). 2. 2. The authors are all directors or co-directors of NIH/ORWH Specialized Centers of Research on Sex and Gender Factors Affecting Women's Health (SCORs) funded by ORWH and sponsoring NIH institutes. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.322.5899.219 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1. in text"
TRAPP, a highly conserved novel complex on the cis-Golgi that mediates vesicle docking and fusion

We previously identified BET3 by its genetic interactions with BET1, a gene whose SNARE-like product acts in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport. To gain insight into the function of Bet3p, we added three c-myc tags to its C-terminus and immunopurified this protein from a clarified detergent extract. Here we report that Bet3p is a member of a large complex ( approximately 800 kDa) that we call TRAPP (transport protein particle). We propose that TRAPP plays a key role in the targeting and/or fusion of ER-to-Golgi transport vesicles with their acceptor compartment. The localization of Bet3p to the cis-Golgi complex, as well as biochemical studies showing that Bet3p functions on this compartment, support this hypothesis. TRAPP contains at least nine other constituents, five of which have been identified and shown to be highly conserved novel proteins.
Bioavailability of Warfarin in a Patient with Severe Short Bowel Syndrome

Acquired warfarin resistance has resulted from altered drug metabolism and excessive vitamin K. A third possible mechanism, decreased gastrointestinal absorption of the drug, was examined in a patient with short bowel syndrome and severe malabsorption who demonstrated transient warfarin resistance. Despite the resistance, bioavailability studies demonstrated normal drug absorption and a prolonged half-life. The parenteral administration of vitamin K proved to be the cause of the prolonged warfarin resistance.
Telomere Shortening and Decreased Replicative Potential, Contrasted by Continued Proliferation of Telomerase-Positive CD8+CD28lo T Cells in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract To evaluate whether the immune system of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients shows features of premature aging, we compared telomere length and proliferative potential of SLE peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) ( N = 90) to those of controls ( N = 64). SLE samples showed accelerated loss of telomeric DNA ( P = 0.00008) and higher levels of senescent (≤5 kb) telomeric DNA ( P = 0.00003). Viability cell counts and CFSE tracking in 6-week-old cell cultures indicated that SLE PBMC (CD8 + and CD4 + T cells) underwent fewer mitotic cycles and had shorter telomeres than controls ( P = 0.04). However, a CD8 + CD28 lo T cell subset expanded preferentially in SLE-derived bulk cultures ( P = 0.0009), preserved telomeric DNA ( P = 0.01 vs entire CD8 + ), and displayed telomerase activity [2.1 telomerase arbitrary units (TAU) vs 0.5 TAU in CD8 + CD28 hi cells and 0.3 TAU in bulk PBMC; P = 0.05]. These T cell anomalies could be due to chronic in vivo stimulation of the immune system and may contribute to the immune dysregulation found in SLE.
On the photooxygenation and autoxidation of dipyrrylmethenes and dipyrrylmethanes

The dye-sensitized photooxygenations of 4,4′-diethyl-3,5,3′5′-tetramethyldipyrrylmethene and 4,4 -diethyl-3,5,3′5-tetramethyldipyrrylmethane have been investigated in neutral, basic and acidic methanol solution. Several photoproducts are common to the photooxygenation of both substrates. The dipyrrylmethene was detected as an intermediate in the photooxygenation of the dipyrrylmethane; however, it was determined not to be an important precursor to monopyrrole products. Autoxidations of the two dipyrrole compounds were also investigated and were found to be slower than the corresponding photooxygenation. Autoxidation and photooxygenation were both found to be faster in basic than in acidic methanol with the dipyrrylmethane faster than with the dipyrrylmethene in the same solvent.
A double-labeled frozen section technique for studying distribution of H 3 -norepinephrine.

Beschreibung einer verbesserten Methodik zur Differenzierung der intra- von der extrazellularen Verteilung des exogenen Noradrenalins in der Aortenwand des Kaninchens.
The evolution of a decision support architecture for polymer composites design

Polymer composites-lightweight, strong, and energy-efficient materials-offer significant advantages to durable-goods manufacturers and to performance-driven markets such as the aerospace industry. In describing a knowledge-based architecture they've developed for automating the design of such materials, the authors trace the evolution of their approach to polymer composites design.
Survival of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 after rinsing injection syringes with different cleaning solutions.

Bleaching of syringes has been advocated to prevent HIV transmission among injection drug users (IDUs). Several reports indicate that IDUs use household products to disinfect syringes instead of bleach. To test their disinfection efficacy, we performed syringe-rinsing simulations with a range of agents used by IDUs trying to disinfect their syringes. No viable HIV-1 was recovered from syringes rinsed with bleach diluted 1 : 10. Bleach stored at 37°C and rubbing alcohol performed better than water and the other liquids tested, but less well than bleach 1 : 10. Rinsing syringes with the other liquids was similar to rinsing with water alone. Increasing the rinsing volume did not always increase the effect of rinsing, but the addition of a second rinse consistently increased rinsing efficacy. Bleaching remains the most effective disinfectant among those tested. It is important that IDUs learn the proper techniques for bleach storage and syringe decontamination. Other household products are not effective disin...
Sensitivity and computational comparison of state-space methods for structural health monitoring

Detection of the change in the vibration response of a structure as a means of damage detection has long been explored in the structural health monitoring field. Recently, damage detection metrics based on state-space attractor comparisons have been presented in the literature. This work compares various state-space attractor methods within an experimental context in an effort to determine the sensitivity of the methods to induced damage. The various methods are judged according to damage discrimination capability and computational effort.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ion beam deposited carbon nitride films: characterization and identification of chemical sputtering

Abstract Carbon nitride films were synthesized by ion beam assisted sputtering. A graphite target was sputtered by argon or nitrogen ions and the growing film was simultaneously bombarded by a focused nitrogen ion beam of energies between 100–800 eV at 100 and 400 °C. It has been found that film growth occurs only if the ion-to-atom arrival ratio is smaller than a critical value of about 1.8 and it appears to be almost independent of the assisting beam energy. This effect, limiting the film growth, is a consequence of a chemical reaction between carbon and nitrogen forming volatile CN compounds. Experimental evidence was obtained by monitoring the gas evolved during the deposition process with a quadrupole gas analyzer. The maximum value of nitrogen content measured by Auger electron spectroscopy was about 35 at.%. All films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The latter technique shows a preferential bonding of N to sp 3 -hybridized C. Hardness measurements with values up to 20 GPa were measured using a depth sensing nanoindenter.
TEACHING FAITH IN THE FAMILY: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Abstract Throughout its history the church held different attitudes regarding the responsibility of parents and caregivers for shaping faith in children. Most contemporary church school curricula and the prevalent practice of Christian religious parishes suggests that they operate under the assumption that religious education is primarily the domain of formal congregational programs and not the responsibility assigned first to parents. This article reviews how the church from ancient time up to the twentieth century has understood the role of the family in passing the faith. It will advocate that religious educators should reclaim the historic importance assigned to parents as primary teachers of faith.
A new approach to polymer chemistry: Organometallic and bioactive phosphazenes

Abstract : Polyphosphazenes are prepared by a substitutive process the involves nucleophilic displacement reactions on poly(dihalophosphazenes). A variety of strategies are described for the utilization of this approach for the preparation of polymeric drugs and polymer-bound transition metal systems. (Author)
Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity

Although oxygen therapy has been used in the care of critically ill patients for many years, the recognition of pulmonary oxygen toxicity as an important clinical problem is relatively recent. The biochemical basis of oxygen toxicity is increased production of highly reactive, partially reduced metabolites of oxygen, including hydrogen peroxide and free radicals, by cells in hyperoxia. Enzymatic intracellular defense mechanisms exist which protect cells from the toxic effects of oxygen free radicals. The physiologic manifestations of oxygen toxicity include decreases in vital capacity, diffusing capacity, and lung compliance. The pathologic changes of oxygen toxicity are not specific and resemble those of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Many drugs used in the care of patients, including bleomycin, nitrofurantoin, and corticosteroids, may exacerbate oxygen-induced lung injury. No effective pharmacologic means exist for lessening pulmonary oxygen toxicity in humans.
Sizes of interface residues account for cross-class binding affinity patterns in Eph receptor-ephrin families.

Eph receptors comprise the largest known family of receptor tyrosine kinases in mammals. They bind members of a second family, the ephrins. As both Eph receptors and ephrins are membrane bound, interactions permit unusual bidirectional cell–cell signaling. Eph receptors and ephrins each form two classes, A and B, based on sequences, structures, and patterns of affinity: Class A Eph receptors bind class A ephrins, and class B Eph receptors bind class B ephrins. The only known exceptions are the receptor EphA4, which can bind ephrinB2 and ephrinB3 in addition to the ephrin-As (Bowden et al., Structure 2009;17:1386–1397); and EphB2, which can bind ephrin-A5 in addition to the ephrin-Bs (Himanen et al., Nat Neurosci 2004;7:501–509). A crystal structure is available of the interacting domains of the EphA4-ephrin B2 complex (wwPDB entry 2WO2) (Bowden et al., Structure 2009;17:1386–1397). In this complex, the ligand-binding domain of EphA4 adopts an EphB-like conformation. To understand why other cross-class EphA receptor–ephrinB complexes do not form, we modeled hypothetical complexes between (1) EphA4–ephrinB1, (2) EphA4–ephrinB3, and (3) EphA2–ephrinB2. We identify particular residues in the interface region, the size variations of which cause steric clashes that prevent formation of the unobserved complexes. The sizes of the sidechains of residues at these positions correlate with the pattern of binding affinity. Proteins 2014; 82:349–353. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment Planning: Aesthetics Goals

The traditional and time-honored goals of any orthognathic surgical correction have attempted to address both stability and aesthetic concerns. Stability issues relate to establishing a healthy, functional occlusion, whereas aesthetic considerations have focused on normalizing facial balance and proportions as much as possible.