cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intraosseous calcaneal lipoma

Abstract Intraosseous lipoma is a non-malignant bone tumor reported at increasing frequency. Diagnosis of these bone lesions can be made definitively using non-invasive modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We report this bone tumor as a possible etiology of chronic, plantar fascitis-type pain. A review of the literature is also presented. We describe a patient with an intraosseous calcaneal lipoma presenting as an unresolved case of plantar fascitis. Fat suppression images produced via MRI yielded definitive results.
Determination of friction factors for pulsatile flow of water in distensible tubes

Theoretical models for computing velocity profiles and friction factors for sinusoidally pulsing laminar flow in linearly elastic tubes were derived from the Navier-Stokes equations, a modified Fanning equation, and the pressure-tube wall movement relationship. The theoretical results were checked experimentally for NRe and λ = ωR2/v values up to 2000 and 57, respectively. It was found that the theoretical friction factors predicted the experimental values to within less than 13%. Also the results showed that the energy losses in elastic tubes were greater than in rigid tubes.
Circular inclusion near a circular void: determination of elastic antiplane shear fields and configurational forces

The stress and displacement fields are determined inside and outside a circular inclusion located in the vicinity of a circular void in an infinite elastic solid, within a circular cylinder, or near the free surface of a half-space, in the case when the inclusion is characterized by a uniform eigenstrain of the antiplane shear type. The fields are obtained as the sum of their infinite-medium stress fields and the calculated auxiliary fields. It is shown that the fields outside the inclusion follow directly from the extended Milne-Thomson circle theorem, but not the fields inside the inclusion. The overall fields are interpreted as the superposition of the infinite-medium fields from the actual and the image inclusion of the appropriate location, radius, and eigenstrains. The stress amplification is evaluated for the inclusion approaching the boundary of the void, cylinder, or half-space. The configurational forces are then evaluated, associated with a relative translation of the void and inclusion, or the expansion of the void or inclusion. The J and M integrals along the boundary of the void are evaluated without using the solution of the entire boundary-value problem, but only the stress field for an inclusion in an unvoided infinite medium. This is accomplished by incorporating the result that the circumferential shear stress along the boundary of a traction-free circular void in an infinite isotropic solid under antiplane shear is twice the circumferential shear stress along the corresponding circle in an infinite solid without a void, under the same loading conditions. The energy release rate associated with a self-similar expansion of the inclusion is calculated from the determined elastic field around the inclusion and from the evaluated total strain energy of the system. The configurational forces on the inclusion in a circular cylinder and near the free surface of a half-space are also determined and discussed.
Moisture solubility for differently conditioned transformer oils

It is important to monitor the moisture content of transformer oil in a transformer. One parameter of particular interest is the moisture solubility of transformer oil. It has been reported that transformer oils under different conditions have different solubility. Measurements of solubility for four different types of conditioned oil are presented in this paper: fresh Shell Diala AX oil, lab-aged Shell Diala A oil, Texas Utility used transformer oil, and Ramapo Substation used transformer oil. To avoid the difficulty of achieving full saturation, this paper proposes an alternative method of measuring the moisture solubility in transformer oil using a relative humidity sensor. It utilizes the linearity between the relative humidity of the oil and the moisture content of the oil, to measure the solubility indirectly. The measured results of fresh oil, lab-aged oil, and the Texas Utility oil are very close, and only Ramapo oil shows different sensor response characteristics and solubility.
Assessment of Poplar Seed Hair Fibers as a Potential Bulk Textile Thermal Insulation Material

Poplar seed hair fibers, harvested from the seed pods of one of the most common trees grown in the United States, have properties that make them ideal fibers for thermal insulation applications. This preliminary study examines some physical, chemical, and thermal characteristics of poplar fiber in relation to wool, down, and polyester. Results show that when compared to wool and down, poplar fiber has a finer diameter, is lighter in weight, and exhibits the highest fill power, a measure of a fiber’s ability to retain bulk. Thermal insulation tests reveal that although slightly less than down, poplar fiber has similar thermal resistance value (Rct) to that of wool and hollow polyester. In addition, the poplar fiber’s exceptionally large hollow core and its ability to resist wetting after treatments of solvents and laundering strongly suggest that poplar fiber has great potential as an environmentally friendly, effective, and lightweight textile bulk insulator.
Adsorption equilibrium of organic vapors on single-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract Gravimetric techniques were employed to determine the adsorption capacities of commercially available purified electric arc and HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for organic compounds (toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), hexane and cyclohexane) at relative pressures, p/p0, ranging from 1 × 10−4 to 0.95 and at isothermal conditions of 25, 37 and 50 °C. The isotherms displayed both type I and type II characteristics. Adsorption isotherm modeling showed that SWNTs are heterogeneous adsorbents, and the Freundlich equation best describes the interaction between organic molecules and SWNTs. The heats of adsorption were 1–4 times the heats of vaporization, which is typical for physical adsorption of organic vapors on porous carbons.
Analysis of nonlinear time-delay systems using the sum of squares decomposition

The use of the sum of squares decomposition and semidefinite programming have provided an efficient methodology for analysis of nonlinear systems described by ODEs by algorithmically constructing Lyapunov functions. Based on the same methodology we present an algorithmic procedure for constructing Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional for nonlinear time delay systems described by functional differential equations (FDEs) both for delay-dependent and delay-independent stability analysis. Robust stability analysis of these systems under parametric uncertainty can be treated in a unified way. We illustrate the results with an example from population dynamics.
The Anthropology of Art: Varmints, Videos, Bowerbirds, and More

George E. Marcus and Fred R. Myers. eds. The Traffic in Culture: Refiguring Art and Anthropology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. 380 pp. Ellen Dissanayake Homo Aestheticus: Where Art Comes From and Why. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1995. xx. 297 pp.
Role of surgery and radiation therapy in the management of gestational trophoblastic disease

Although sensitive human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) assays and advances in chemotherapy have assumed primary importance in the management of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), surgery and radiation therapy remain important in the overall management of patients. Management of molar pregnancies consists of surgical evacuation and subsequent monitoring. Hysterectomy may decrease the risk of post-molar trophoblastic disease. When incorporated into the primary management of malignant GTD, hysterectomy decreases chemotherapy requirements for patients with low-risk disease. Surgical intervention is frequently required to control complications of disease or as therapy to stabilize patients during chemotherapy. Salvage hysterectomy or other extirpative procedures may be integrated into the management of patients with chemorefractory disease. Interventional radiographical techniques are useful adjuncts to control haemorrhage from vaginal or pelvic metastases. Radiation therapy may also be combined with chemotherapy for the management of patients with brain metastases or, rarely, isolated metastases at other sites.
Modelling and simulation of high‐speed machining

A Lagrangian finite element model of orthogonal high-speed machining is developed. Continuous remeshing and adaptive meshing are the principal tools which we employ for sidestepping the difficulties associated with deformation-induced element distortion, and for resolving fine-scale features in the solution. The model accounts for dynamic effects, heat conduction, mesh-on-mesh contact with friction, and full thermo-mechanical coupling. In addition, a fracture model has been implemented which allows for arbitrary crack initiation and propagation in the regime of shear localized chips. The model correctly exhibits the observed transition from continuous to segmented chips with increasing tool speed.
Biliary strictures: diagnostic considerations and approach

Biliary strictures present a diagnostic challenge, especially when no etiology can be ascertained after laboratory evaluation, abdominal imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) sampling. These strictures were traditionally classified as indeterminate strictures, although with advances in endoscopic techniques and better understanding of hepato-biliary pathology, more are being correctly diagnosed. The implications of missing a malignancy in patients with biliary strictures-and hence delaying surgery-are grave but a significant number of patients (up to 20%) undergoing surgery for suspected biliary malignancy can have benign pathology. The diagnostic approach to these patients involves detailed history and physical examination and depends on the presence or absence of jaundice, level of obstruction, and presence or absence of a mass lesion. While abdominal imaging helps to find the level of obstruction and provides a 'road map' for further endoscopic investigations, tissue diagnosis is usually needed to make decisions on management. Initially ERCP was the only modality to investigate these strictures but now, with the development of endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration and the availability of newer techniques such as intraductal ultrasound, single-operator cholangioscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy, the diagnostic approach to biliary strictures has changed significantly. In this review, we will focus on the decision-making process for patients with biliary strictures and discuss the key decision points that should dictate further diagnostic investigations at each step.
Vice-presidential behavior in a disability crisis The case of Thomas R. Marshall

Vice President Thomas R. Marshall has been criticized for not acting more aggressively to exercise presidential powers and duties after President Woodrow Wilson suffered a stroke in October 1919 which compromised his ability to discharge his office for much of the remainder of his term. Yet Marshall faced formidable constraints in the constitutional, political, institutional, and factual context in which he operated. This paper examines these constraints on Marshall's political behavior. His conduct becomes understandable when viewed in the context of those inhibiting factors. The paper also considers the impact of the presidential inability provisions of the subsequently ratified Twenty-Fifth Amendment which renowned Wilson scholar Arthur Link suggested would have made no difference. While questioning the practicality of that counter-factual, the paper argues that the Amendment would have been helpful but suggests that a Wilson-like situation, if one could be imagined in modern times, could present a relatively taxing challenge to our constitutional system.
Discrete-time cooperative control of a faulty mechanical system

A discrete-time target tracking control scheme for an eye-head-torso mechanical system is employed to demonstrate how cooperative control and failure accommodation can be achieved using the multivariable regulator and H/sub 2/ control theory. The eye, head, and torso subsystems work cooperatively to track the target as closely as possible and then read just their positions so that the three are aligned in the same direction. The control system also has the reconfiguration capability to accommodate the failure of one or two subsystems by switching to the control algorithm that would provide optimal performance utilizing the remaining healthy subsystems.
Methods of dietary and nutritional assessment and intervention and other methods in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

Various dietary assessment instruments were used in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT), either to assist with the special intervention program or to assess trial outcomes. For the latter purpose, the 24-h recall was the main method and was selected with the understanding that the single recall collected at baseline and at most annual visits-considered by itself-would be useful mainly for assessing groups rather than individuals. Major components of the data collection and analysis system developed for the 24-h recall included central training and certification of nutritionists, a central nutrient coding system, and a food grouping system to assist interventionists in using recall data for counseling. Several additional nutritional assessment methods were used for men in the special intervention group only to assist them in attaining the dietary goals. These goals consisted chiefly of reduced intake of saturated fat and cholesterol and a modest increase in intake of polyunsaturated fat; total fat intake was also decreased, primarily for control of energy intake. Short- term success at attainment of these nutritional goals was evaluated by means of 3-d food records collected before the intervention and after the initial lO-wk intensive intervention period. The MRFIT nutrient goals, which became more vigorous at certain points in the trial, were translated into food patterns. Adherence to these food patterns was also assessed by scoring of 3-d records and by subjective evaluation by nutritionists throughout the trial. Methods of collecting other trial data are also described in this chapter. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(suppl): 196S-2 lOS.
It's a Game! Evaluation of a Classroom Game to Enhance Learning in an Introductory Counseling Course:

Twelve introductory counseling classes either played the Counseling Pursuits game or participated in a question-answer review activity to review material for the final examination. Classes in which students played the game obtained higher scores than students in the review session on the essay portion and total score, but not the objective portion, of the final examination. Classes playing the game reported higher engagement in the learning session than classes in the question-answer review condition. Implications for further study of games in professional counseling and counseling psychology classes are discussed.
Modeling Rill Density

The purpose of this note is to present a theory to model rill density in agricultural watersheds under laminar and turbulent flow conditions. The study of rilling patterns can lead to improved ways to evaluate sediment sources and yields.
Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole singly and in combination with other antibiotics in immunocompromised patients.

Experience with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) alone or in combination with other agents in the treatment of immunocompromised patients other than those with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is reviewed. A comparative study involving 126 episodes of fever showed a higher rate of response to a TMP-SMZ-carbenicillin regimen than to a gentamicin-carbenicillin combination (85% vs. 69%, respectively, P less than or equal to .04). In another study TMP-SMZ was used after unsuccessful therapy with the combination of an antipseudomonal penicillin and an aminoglycoside; 54% of the 35 patients treated orally and 49% of 86 treated intravenously responded to TMP-SMZ regimens. Other studies document successful results with TMP-SMZ used in combination with either an aminoglycoside or an antipseudomonal penicillin. TMP-SMZ has a role in the treatment of infections due to gram-negative bacilli in immunocompromised hosts, particularly when the infecting agent is not Pseudomonas aeruginosa and is resistant to moxalactam but susceptible to gentamicin.
Information construction and information sharing in Shenzhen public hospitals

The information construction and information sharing in Shenzhen public hospitals were investigated with their achievements and problems summarized. Suggestions were put forward for perfecting their information construction,improving their information sharing level,and realizing their regional medical information sharing for the reference in working out their information development program and making health information policies.
Toxicity of ozonated animal manure to the house fly, Musca domestica

Swine manure slurries were ozonated at a dosage of 1 g/L and tested for their toxicity to the house fly (Musca domestica). The observed toxicity of ozonated swine manure was consistent and independent of origin of the swine manure. A dose (dilution) response curve was performed. A 50% dilution in the ozonated swine manure slurry resulted in 90% reduction in toxicity. Neither the synthetic nor ozonated synthetic swine manure, both of which contained higher concentrations of formaldehyde and three other unidentified carbonyl compounds than the ozonated swine manure, were toxic to the flies. Ozonated swine manure slurry was centrifuged and passed through a 0.45-microm filter. The liquid phase was as toxic as the unfiltered slurry; as such, the toxicant appears to be present in liquid phase. Neither ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde, nor other simple aldehydes appeared to be the toxic agent. The toxic agent appears to be a polar chemical compound and is concentrated in the urine. Several possible compounds have been identified. The toxicity of untreated and ozonated manure slurries from different livestock was compared. Six animal manure slurries (beef and dairy cattle, horse, poultry, sheep, and swine) were ozonated (dosage of 1 g/L) and tested for toxicity to the house fly. Ozonated dairy cattle manure slurry showed 78% mortality after 72 h, whereas ozonated swine manure slurry achieved a 100% mortality rate in 48 h. Neither the unozonated dairy nor swine manure slurries, nor any of the other raw or ozonated manure slurries, were toxic to the flies.
Vergleich der Betreuung ambulanter Notfallpatienten in der hausärztlichen Praxis und dem Zentrumsspital

Die Diskussion um die steigenden Gesundheitskosten, insbesondere in der ambulanten Medizin, gewinnt in letzter Zeit stetig an Bedeutung. Anhand eines Vergleichs der Erstkonsultationen an der interd...
Clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention was effective.

Source Citation Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT 3d, et al. Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 200...
Abstract 157: Increased Rates of Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Stroke in California Correlate with Expansion of Acute Stroke EMS Routing Protocols, 2006-2010

Background: Primary stroke centers (PSCs) have been observed to have better stroke outcomes, and to have higher IV intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV tPA) utilization rates. Emergency medical services (EMS) began using routing protocols to direct suspected acute stroke patients to PSCs in the first decade of the century. We sought to determine the impact of county-level EMS stroke routing protocols on IV tPA utilization rates in California (CA). Methods: We extracted county-level patient discharge data from Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database, an all-payer database including all hospitalizations in CA from 2006-2010. We used Diagnosis Related Group codes to identify all patients hospitalized for stroke, and patients who received a thrombolytic agent for stroke. We contacted EMS departments in CA and worked with the American Heart Association to determine which counties were utilizing EMS routing protocols and the year implemented. Using chi-square, we compared tPA u...
Semi-Stray Dogs and Graduated Humanness: The Political Encounters of Dogs and Humans in Mexico

In January 2013, a pack of stray dogs was accused with murder in one of Mexico City’s poorest and most populated boroughs. Images of the dogs, expert testimonies, and protests saturated the media. Eventually, the dogs were ambiguously exonerated. This event raises important questions that show the intricate ways in which human–dog relationships in Mexico have been historically constructed around notions of humanness, and informed by notions of class, race, and citizenship. I rely on the concept of “graduated humanness” to analyze the case of the “doglinquents” of Mexico City. I conclude that the concept of “graduated humanness” can illuminate how humans and animal rights are used contextually to “save” specific nonhuman beings while not addressing the larger structural conditions that frame the lives of humans and nonhumans.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Campylobacter Jejuni

A case control study of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in South East England, reported from Guy’s Hospital, London, has uncovered a strong asociation between C jejuni infection and a pure motor GBS, characterized by axonal degeneration either alone or combined with demyelination.
The Association between Feminist Self-Labeling and Gender Equality Activism: Exploring the Effects of Scale Language and Identity Priming

Feminists report engaging in more activism for gender equality than non-feminists, yet the label “feminist” is widely perceived as stigmatizing. This study assessed whether the stigmatizing effect of the term “feminist” suppressed self-reported activism among women who may not identify as feminist. An online (Amazon’s Mechanical Turk) sample of 302 women reported activism on the original or one of two modified versions of Foster and Matheson’s Measure of Collective Action. Modified versions either minimized stigmatizing scale language by characterizing activist behaviors as broadly related to “gender equality,” not “feminism,” or maximized stigmatizing language by characterizing behaviors as explicitly for “feminism.” Replicating past studies, there was a strong correlation between feminist identification and activism (β = .56) and a main effect of sexual minority status on reported activism, such that sexual minority women reported significantly higher rates of activism. Extending past research, our results clarify these effects in suggesting that they are not artifacts of either priming feminist identity or using stigmatizing scale language. Specifically, at the highest level of feminist identification, there was no significant difference in reported activism as a function of timing of reporting identification (before versus after activism reporting) and no significant difference in activism rates between the two modified scale versions (minimized versus maximized stigma). Practically, these results highlight the importance of promoting women’s feminist self-identification as a route toward increased activist participation.
The development of multi-band equatorial orbiting POLSAR satellite sensors

With the relentless increase in population density, the anthropogenic expansion into natural terrestrial hazard zones has become irreversible resulting in ever more catastrophic disasters especially within the entire tropical belts engulfing Mother Earth. What is required is around-the-clock local and wide-area surveillance and remote sensing of the vegetative cover for which hitherto well designed optical equatorial orbiting satellite sensors had been developed but their successful implementation is failing ever more because of the ever increasing cloud, precipitation, humidity and increasing aerosol cover within the entire equatorial belt of +/− 15°–20° latitude rendering penetration at optical wavelength mostly ineffective. Hence, recourse must be taken of active microwave sensing, and implementing radar and synthetic aperture sensors from air and space operational at day & night and which are mainly independent of weather: The sensors especially suited are the fully polarimetric POL-SAR sensors developed for satellite remote sensing by the major SAR technology development centres worldwide. The challenge is thus to develop equatorial orbiting SAR, preferably wide-swath POL-SAR satellite sensors, within the desirable P/L/S/C/X/Ka multi-bands by implementing novel beam-steering radar for wide-swath high-resolution coverage. Therefore, we need to mobilize and draw full responsible attention of the main SAR Development Centres and its Supporting Organizations worldwide in order for realizing the challenging proposal.
Dry (fluxless) thermal soldering processes

Summary form only given. With the shrinking sizes of all electronic components and bonding pads, the very fast growth of surface-mount technology (SMT), and the greater demand for flip-chip device bonding, both fluxing and cleaning steps are becoming more difficult to perform effectively. A dry fluxless soldering process can avoid these limitations and provide a practical solution especially attractive to SMT. An approach for dry fluxless thermal soldering using conventional solders and soldering temperatures is being developed. The process is, however, not limited to specific solder joints and can be extended to different solder systems and different metallurgies. The basic process and the results of applying it to dry soldering of SMT parts with 60/40 solder at 240 degrees C are presented. >
Contrast-Induced Sustained Kidney Injury: Defining a Disease.

All patients would prefer to avoid a complication of a cardiac procedure—thus, discussion of risks of stroke, death, and bleeding resonate with patient-oriented decision-making processes. Contrast exposure may induce a transient decrease in renal function after cardiovascular catheterization procedures. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has been clearly associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes at 1-year follow-up. But, it is difficult to discuss this complication with patients in a meaningful manner: a patient does not feel a creatinine rise of 25% occurring 48 hours after their procedure. Furthermore (1) the definition of CI-AKI is variable,1 (2) prevention strategies remain controversial,2,3 and most importantly (3) the connection between prevention of CI-AKI and improved long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes is unproven.4 See Article by Wiegerinck et al In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions , Quintavalle et al5 provide an assessment of the inflammatory biomarker, neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL), as a measure of CI-AKI. NGAL is stored in neutrophil granules and is released in response to inflammation or ischemia: a rise in NGAL is not specific to kidney injury, and elevated NGAL levels have been associated with progression of coronary atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction.6 Furthermore, NGAL is not the only biomarker associated with increased risk of CI-AKI: a rising serum cystatin C and baseline levels of red cell distribution width also predict increased creatinine 48 hours after angiographic procedures.7,8 But, the authors present a convincing biomarker argument in this registry analyses of 458 high-risk patients: NGAL rises earlier (6 hours post contrast media exposure) than other biomarkers and can thus serve a prognostic role beyond baseline risk scores and other less rapidly rising markers in facilitating the definition and treatment of CI-AKI. In this study, both the development (n=458) and validation (n=253) sets of …
First kinetic study of the atmospherically important reactions BrHg˙ + NO2 and BrHg˙ + HOO

We use computational chemistry to determine the rate constants and product yields for the reactions of BrHg˙ with the atmospherically abundant radicals NO2 and HOO. The reactants, products, and well-defined transition states are characterized using CCSD(T) with large basis sets. The potential energy profiles for the barrierless addition of HOO and NO2 to BrHg˙ are characterized using CASPT2 and RHF-CCSDT, and the rate constants are computed as a function of temperature and pressure using variational transition state theory and master equation simulations. The calculated rate constant for the addition of NO2 to BrHg˙ is larger than that for the addition of HOO by a factor of up to two under atmospheric conditions. For the reaction of HOO with BrHg˙ the addition reaction entirely dominates competing HOO + BrHg˙ reaction channels. The addition of NO2 to BrHg˙ initially produces both BrHgNO2 and BrHgONO, but after a few seconds under atmospheric conditions the sole product is syn-BrHgONO. A previously unsuspected reaction channel for BrHg˙ + NO2 competes with the addition to yield Hg + BrNO2. This reaction reduces the mercury oxidation state in BrHg˙ from Hg(i) to Hg(0) and slows the atmospheric oxidation of Hg(0). While the rate constant for this reduction channel is not well-constrained by the present calculations, it may be as much as 18% as large as the oxidation channel under some atmospheric conditions. As no experimental kinetic or product yield data are available for the reactions studied here, this work will provide guidance for atmospheric modelers and experimental kineticists.
Rock and roll

ABSTRACTAs a means of demonstrating rock and roll’s enduring iconicity, the author offers a personal narrative of a relationship he had with a well-known rock group. This narrative is then used as data to locate four sites of rock and roll iconicity: the private, the public, the communal, and the kinetic. A fifth site of iconicity, the nostalgic, is identified as an inevitable outcome of the first four. The author concludes that rock and roll achieves its iconicity in the marketplace by offering a text against which consumers can monitor changes in their own preferences and behaviors.
Successful precision 300-THz laser interferometry for gravitational-wave detection

We describe the successful detection of gravitational waves with the LIGO detectors, and give some technical insights into the measurement challenges.
Outcome after Relapse of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The St. Jude Experience.

Abstract We reviewed the records of 408 patients who were less than 21 years old at the time of diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (excluding patients with Down syndrome or acute promyelocytic leukemia) treated on five consecutive institution protocols from 1980–2002 to investigate prognostic factors for attainment of second complete remission (CR2) and overall survival (OS) after first relapse. Of the 320 (78%) patients who achieved CR, 158 patients suffered hematologic relapses at a median of 11.9 months (range, 2.9–119.9 months) from the time of diagnosis. Forty-one patients relapsed on therapy and 117 relapsed after the completion of all planned therapy. For patients who relapsed off therapy, 38 were diagnosed with relapse because of symptoms suggestive of recurrent leukemia and 78 were diagnosed at the time of a routine follow up (information not available for one patient). After relapse, 20 patients received palliative care, 82 received chemotherapy alone, 36 received chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT), and 20 proceeded directly to SCT. Eighty-five (54%) patients attained CR2. In univariate analyses, factors associated with the achievement of CR2 include initial therapy (chemotherapy alone, 56%; autologous SCT, 71%; allogeneic SCT, 20%; p=0.008) and time from the diagnosis of AML to relapse (≤ 1 year, 44%; > 1 year, 65%; p=0.010). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients with male gender (odds ratio [OR], 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–5.28; p=0.021) and greater time from diagnosis to relapse (OR, 1.05; CI, 1.01–1.09; p=0.016) were more likely to achieve CR2, whereas patients with M7 morphology (OR, 0.11; CI, 0.01–1.04; p=0.054) and allogeneic SCT in first remission (OR, 0.17; CI, 0.03–0.85; p=0.031) were less likely to achieve CR2. At the time of last follow up, 19 patients were alive, 115 died of progressive disease, and 24 died of regimen-related toxicity. The 2-year OS estimate ± SE for the entire cohort of 158 patients was 15.8% ± 2.8%. For patients who relapsed off therapy, there was no significant difference in outcome between those whose relapse was diagnosed at the time of a routine follow up and those diagnosed because of symptoms. Cox proportional-hazards regression modeling indicated that M7 morphology (hazard ratio [HR], 3.06; CI, 1.44–6.51; p=0.004) and allogeneic SCT in first remission (HR, 2.17; CI, 1.22–3.87; p=0.008) were associated with significantly worse OS after relapse. In fact, there were no survivors in these two groups of patients. In contrast, age 1–10 years (HR, 0.53; CI, 0.36–0.77; p=0.001), M2 morphology (HR, 0.57; CI, 0.39–0.85; p=0.006), allogeneic SCT after relapse (HR, 0.34; CI, 0.22–0.53; p
Large-scale clinical implementation of PROMIS computer adaptive testing with direct incorporation into the electronic medical record

The objective of this research was to assess the implementation of collecting patient-reported outcomes data in the outpatient clinics of a large academic hospital and identify potential barriers and solutions to such an implementation. Three PROMIS computer adaptive test instruments, (1) physical function, (2) pain interference, and (3) depression, were administered at 23,813 patient encounters using a novel software platform on tablet computers. The average time to complete was 3.50 ± 3.12 min, with a median time of 2.60 min. Registration times for new patients did not change significantly, 6.87 ± 3.34 to 7.19 ± 2.69 min. Registration times increased for follow-up (p = .007) from 2.94 ± 1.57 (p < .01) min to 3.32 ± 1.78 min. This is an effective implementation strategy to collect patient-reported outcomes and directly import the results into the electronic medical record in real time for use during the clinical visit.
Strategic Resource Use for Learning: A Self-Administered Intervention That Guides Self-Reflection on Effective Resource Use Enhances Academic Performance

Many educational policies provide learners with more resources (e.g., new learning activities, study materials, or technologies), but less often do they address whether students are using these resources effectively. We hypothesized that making students more self-reflective about how they should approach their learning with the resources available to them would improve their class performance. We designed a novel Strategic Resource Use intervention that students could self-administer online and tested its effects in two cohorts of a college-level introductory statistics class. Before each exam, students randomly assigned to the treatment condition strategized about which academic resources they would use for studying, why each resource would be useful, and how they would use their resources. Students randomly assigned to the treatment condition reported being more self-reflective about their learning throughout the class, used their resources more effectively, and outperformed students in the control cond...
Tax-Timing Options and the Demand for Idiosyncratic Volatility

Investors have a choice over when to incur taxes on individual investments, and typically benefit from delaying the realization of capital gains while harvesting losses. This option implies that the effective tax rate on capital losses exceeds the one on capital gains, resulting in a convex after-tax payoff. Convexity creates a demand for idiosyncratic volatility (IVOL) within a well-diversified portfolio, and can therefore explain the puzzling negative relation between IVOL and expected stock returns. A simple model with tax-timing options predicts that the demand for idiosyncratic volatility increases with the tax rate, the nominal interest rate, and unrealized capital gains, and we show that all three measures predict the IVOL premium in the time-series. In the cross-section, we show that the magnitude of the IVOL premium increases with investors’ average tax exposure.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Efficacy of a Brief Online Alcohol Intervention for High School Seniors.

Objective:The purpose of this randomized controlled study was to examine the efficacy of a brief, web-based personalized feedback intervention (the eCHECKUP TO GO) on alcohol use and alcohol-relate...
"They Need to Have an Understanding of Why They're Coming Here and What the Outcomes Might Be." Clinician Perspectives on Goals of Care for Patients Discharged From Hospitals to Skilled Nursing Facilities.

Abstract Context The number of patients discharged from acute care hospitals to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) is rising. These patients have increasingly complex needs and many experience poor outcomes while under SNF care, including hospital readmissions. Patients' goals of care (GoC) are viewed as a factor contributing to unplanned hospital readmissions from SNFs. However, clinicians' perspectives of GoC for hospitalized patients discharged to SNFs are not well-described. Objectives To explore how clinicians view GoC for hospitalized patients discharged to SNFs. Methods Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. Results Forty-one clinicians from one acute care hospital and two SNFs completed interviews ranging in length from 14 to 52 minutes (mean = 32 minutes). Of the sample, 22% were nurses, 20% physicians, 15% were from care management, and 15% were from social services. Respondents viewed patients' GoC for continuing treatment at the SNF as important, but acknowledged that they were infrequently discussed during hospitalization. Many respondents felt that patients and families had unrealistic GoC for SNF care. Factors that contributed to unrealistic GoC included patients' limited knowledge of disease processes, prognosis, and treatment options; and inconsistent or insufficient communication of GoC among hospital and SNF clinicians, the patient, and family members. Respondents associated a lack of GoC or unrealistic GoC with patients' dissatisfaction with SNF care, unplanned transitions to hospice, and hospital readmissions. Conclusions Respondents reported that GoC conversations infrequently occurred during hospitalization, contributing to unrealistic patient and family expectations for SNF care and poor patient outcomes. Interventions are needed that facilitate timely, accurate, and consistent GoC discussions across care continuums.
A Cumulative Damage Model for Continuous Fiber Composite Laminates with Matrix Cracking and Interply Delaminations

The present cumulative damage model for the prediction of stiffness loss in graphite/epoxy laminates applies a thermomechanical constitutive theory for elastic composites with distributed damage. The model proceeds from a continuum mechanics and thermodynamics approach in which the distributed damage is characterized by a set of second-order tensor-valued internal state variables. A set of damage-dependent laminated plate equations is obtained; this is developed by modifying classical Kirchhoff plate theory.
Intensive clinical studies: the psychotherapy of schizophrenia.

Although the value of intensive psychotherapy for persons with schizophrenia has been challenged (e.g., Gunderson et al. 1984; May 1968), there are still many clinicians and others who believe that some kind of interpersonal work with severely disordered patients, including people with schizophrenia, is extremely helpful and perhaps essential (Tomecek 1990). A crucial problem for exploring this contention is the complex interaction among four components: the measurement of efficacy, the specific nature of the interpersonal encounters, the patients' broader lives and treatment contexts, and the exact characteristics of the patients for whom these encounters may be helpful. The former blanket acceptance among many groups of the value of psychotherapy for schizophrenia is clearly not valid. But this by no means indicates that intensive interpersonal contacts of some kind for some people with schizophrenia are not important. For example, Bullard's (1960) classic paper on dealing with paranoid patients may still be extremely valuable for working with such people. In order not to bring excessively quick closure to this issue, there needs to be far more inquiry to identify specifically what kinds of contacts may be important for which people. Then the efficacy and optimal context of these contacts can be tested.
Caring and the Graduate Student: A Phenomenological Study

Given the increasing numbers of adult learners on university campuses, both as undergraduates and graduates, an understanding of adult learning processes is relevant—indeed essential—to the university's response to this student group. While educators have attempted to understand learners in terms of developmental stages, learning styles, and contextual factors, less attention has focused on the dynamics of helping relationships that attend learning or the importance of caring in the learning process. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and explicate the experience of caring as it relates to graduate education from the perspective of the graduate student. The connection between caring relationships and learning was confirmed. Seven components of the caring were identified. Implications for the university center on attention to relationship skills and the creation of a campus community in which caring relationships are encouraged and nurtured.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and red cell glutathione peroxidase

The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), hexokinase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (EGOT) was measured in 78 blood samples. GSH Px activity was not found to correlate with hexokinase or EGOT activity, indicating that it was not a strongly age-dependent enzyme. Although modest elevations of GSH Px activity were observed in the red cells of patients with a variety of hematologic disorders, the most consistent and striking increases in activity were observed in G-6-PD-deficient subjects.
Long-term mortality and estimated functional capacity among women with symptoms of ischemic heart disease: From the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation.

The aim of this study was to determine the long-term prognostic value of the Duke Activity Status Index–estimated metabolic equivalents (METs) values among women with suspected ischemic heart disease. At a median of 9.6 years, the incidence of death was 23.4% in those with METs 9.9, P
The Psychiatric Expert Witness

Forensic mental health professionals serving as expert witnesses are regularly asked to opine whether an alleged traumatic incident caused psychological harm, and if so what type of treatment may be indicated. When the plaintiff in a personal injury lawsuit is a child and the incident involves sexual abuse, these clinical determinations can become quite difficult. A further complicating factor is the nature of the United States judicial system. In the majority of civil tort cases involving putative psychiatric injuries, different expert witnesses are separately retained by the attorneys for the defendant and plaintiff. Given the prevailing adversarial system of law, there are considerable incentives for the expert to offer opinions favorable to the hiring side. In some instances experts are selected because of their reputation for advocating a particular point of view (e.g., “false memory” authorities). In other cases more “neutral” appearing experts are chosen, but even the most independent minded of expert witnesses will experience subtle pressure to conform their opinions to fit the attorney’s theory of the case.
Environmental Observations from Space — The Promise and the Challenge

Environmental pollution is a problem of world-wide concern and study. Its affects on a local scale are readily apparent, and the monitoring and control of localized pollutants is, perhaps, best accomplished at or near the source. Like disease, however, most forms of pollution ignore our political and national boundaries and take their toll on a far broader, even global, scale. Neither the extent nor the impact of such pollution on our environment is fully appreciated or understood. Certainly our concern is justified, and our willingness to act has been demonstrated. In order to make intelligent, enlightened decisions on our own behalf and that of our decendants, we must gain a deeper understanding of the processes at work in our environment. To accomplish this, we must first collect and analyze data which describe and define these processes. Much of this data can be collected locally by in situ measurement, or remotely using instrumented aircraft. Where the phenomena occur over large areas or are even global in extent, we must seek a new viewpoint, and here lies the promise of environmental observation from space.
New Frontiers in Modeling and Simulation in Complex Systems Engineering: The Case of Synthetic Emergence

Complex systems are everywhere, in both natural and artificial world. One of the characteristic properties of complex systems is the manifestation of emergent behavior that continuously keeps the system evolving. Many times, this emergent behavior is the very reason for the systems’ survival. To perform complex systems engineering for artificial systems, Modeling and Simulation (M&S) provides a harness to analyze, experiment and test the system before it goes into production. Developing an M&S environment that can manifest emergent behavior is a challenge in itself. Part of the problem is the elusive nature of emergence. This chapter will provide an overview of the evolutionary path the M&S of emergent behavior has taken in the last few years. It defines Synthetic Emergence as emergence engineering in artificial environments. The chapter provides the pre-, post-conditions and the engineering process to achieve synthetic emergence.
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS ON MAN, NOW AND IN THE FUTURE

The multiplicity of chemicals in man's environment are creating great concern because of the lack of knowledge of long term effects, interactions between chemicals and between the chemicals and the environment and because of increasing knowledge of the role of the environment in human health. Expanded demands for energy and, especially, greater reliance on coal will increase the quantities of chemical pollutants that many be discharged into the air if they are not controlled. The effects of many of these chemicals and their interactions are reviewed in this paper.
Book Review: From Prohibited Immigrants to Citizens: The Origins of Citizenship and Nationality in South Africa

Jonathan Klaaren has written an important study of the historic formation of South African citizenship against the backdrop of its admirable 1996 Constitution and Bill of Rights, its embrace of dignity and equality as founding principles, and especially the commitment in the Preamble: We, the people of South Africa … believe that South Africa belongs to all who live within it, united in our diversity. Klaaren refers to the inherent contradictions of this constitutional promise in contemporary South African public discourse and judicial decision making, notably the dichotomy between citizens and residents and citizen residents and citizen non-residents. He locates the origins of these contradictions in the period leading up to as well as after the establishment of the Union of South Africa, many decades before the advent of constitutional democracy.
What are excellence gaps and how can we close them? An interview with Jonathan Plucker and Scott Peters

The interview with Jonathan Plucker and Scott Peters presents the Excellence Gap as a concern to be noted in the United States as well as internationally. The Excellence Gap came to light as an imp...