cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of HPV-16 E7-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice induced by DNA vaccines

1286 Objective: Previously we have designed DNA vaccines against HPV-16 E7 using intracellular targeting strategies that enhance MHC class I presentation. These vaccines have demonstrated significantly enhanced potency, generating strong E7-specific CD8+ antitumor immunity. In this study, we attempted to characterize the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses induced by a DNA vaccine encoding calreticulin (CRT) linked to HPV-16 E7 in HLA-A2/AAD transgenic mice. Material and Methods: The HLA-A2/AAD gene was transduced into a HPV-16 E6 and E7-expressing tumor cell line, TC-1, to generate TC-1/AAD. HLA-A2/AAD transgenic mice on C57BL/6 background were immunized with pcDNA3-CRT/E7, pcDNA3-CRT/mtE7 (E7 with aa49-57 deletion), or control DNA via gene gun. Splenocytes from immunized mice were stimulated with E7 peptides to identify E7-specific immune responses using IFN-r intracellular staining. Antitumor effect was tested by TC-1/AAD. Results: The H-2Db-restricted E7 aa49-57 epitope suppressed the presentation of HLA-A2-restricted epitopes, since the CD8+ T cell immune response induced by CRT/E7 in HLA-A2/AAD transgenic mice is E7 aa49-57 dominant. However, only an HLA-A2-restricted E7 aa11-20 dominant immune response was observed when E7 aa49-57 was removed. This HLA-A2-restricted E7 aa11-20 specific immune response prevented TC-1/AAD growth in the HLA-A2/AAD transgenic mice. Conclusions: In this study, an HPV-16 E6 and E7 expressing HLA-A2 mouse tumor model was established to test HPV-16 E7 DNA vaccines. In HLA-A2/AAD transgenic mice, H-2Db-restricted E7 aa49-57 epitope suppressed the presentation of E7 HLA-A2 epitopes. Removal of this H-2Db-restricted epitope generated an HLA-A2-restricted E7 aa11-20 dominant immune response. This immune response was able to prevent E7-expressing HLA-A2 tumor growth. Relevance of this study to the design of HPV-16 E7 vaccine was discussed.
Defining the monocyte subset transcriptional signature associated with progression during androgen-target therapy in prostate cancer patients.

157Background: Myeloid-derived circulating monocytes are emerging as cells of interest in cancer biology. The role of circulating monocytes in human Prostate Cancer (PCa) is poorly understood. Here...
Charlotte Libraries Tackle Controversial Topic : Beyond the Myths: The American Civil War in History and Memory

Abstract UNC Charlotte’s Atkins Library, along with the History Department and Charlotte Mecklenburg Public Library, in response to violence, hatred and killings in both South Carolina and Virginia in 2015 and 2017, and contentious arguments over the presence of Confederate monuments, particularly on the campus of UNC Chapel Hill, proposed a series of public forums to address the controversy. With funds from the UNC Charlotte Chancellor’s Diversity Fund, plans were made to sponsor a total of five programs, each addressing a way to combat long-held myths and deliver truths about North Carolina’s history during the Confederacy. This series of programs, Beyond the Myths: The American Civil War in History and Memory, held in February and March 2019, took place on the main and downtown campuses of UNC Charlotte and at the Sugar Creek Branch of the Charlotte Mecklenburg Public Library. The planning and delivery of the series, marketing efforts and follow-up are detailed in this article.
Tapped Out: How Newark, New Jersey’s Lead Drinking Water Crisis Illuminates the Inadequacy of the Federal Drinking Water Regulatory Scheme and Fuels Environmental Injustice throughout the Nation

This article examines the federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), and the EPA’s Lead and Copper Rule, as they relate to the nationwide issue of lead in drinking water systems. This article focuses ...
Impact of state‐level training requirements for medical providers on receipt of preventive oral health services for young children enrolled in Medicaid

OBJECTIVES Young children enrolled in Medicaid make few dental visits and have high rates of tooth decay. To improve access to care, state Medicaid programs have enacted policies encouraging nondental providers to deliver preventive oral health services (POHS) in medical offices. Policies vary by state, with some states requiring medical providers to obtain training prior to delivering POHS. Our objective was to test whether these training requirements were associated with higher rates of POHS for Medicaid-enrolled children <6 years. METHODS This study took advantage of a natural experiment in which policy enactment occurred across states at different times. We used Medicaid Analytic eXtract enrollment and claims data, public policy data, and Area Health Resource Files data. We examined an unweighted sample of 8,711,192 (45,107,240 weighted) Medicaid-enrolled children <6 years in 38 states from 2006 to 2014. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the odds a child received POHS in a calendar year. Results are presented as adjusted probabilities. RESULTS Five or more years after policy enactment, the probability of a child receiving POHS in medical offices was 10.7 percent in states with training requirements compared to 5.0 percent in states without training requirements (P = 0.01). Findings were similar when receipt of any POHS in medical or dental offices was examined 5 or more years post-policy-enactment (requirement = 42.5 percent, no requirement = 33.6 percent, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Medicaid policies increased young children's receipt of POHS and at higher rates in states that required POHS training. These results suggest that oral health training for nondental practitioners is a key component of policy success.
Research on SVG Correlation Control Strategy Based on Voltage Slope Detection

The voltage control ability of new energy stations is an important content of the assessment of new energy stations, and reactive power support is an important means to maintain the voltage. Relevant national standards also put forward requirements for power factor and reactive power allocation of new energy stations. Static var generator (SVG) can adjust the voltage of monitoring point quickly and accurately by absorbing or emitting reactive power. When multiple sets of SVG control objectives are consistent, reactive power offset will occur, resulting in voltage oscillation. This paper proposes a SVG correlation control algorithm based on voltage slope detection, which can accurately determine the cause of voltage fluctuation and avoid the reactive power output deviation caused by the device misjudgment. The actual test results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has a strong robustness, and has a strong reference value for solving SVG associated control.
Sobre memória, identidade e territorialidade – reflexões a partir da Geografia

O presente artigo consiste em uma reflexao teorica sobre as inter-relacoes entre identidade, memoria coletiva e territorialidade. Partindo da premissa de que a forma como pensamos o tempo tem reflexos sobre a maneira como imaginamos o espaco e vice-versa, como bem demonstram autores como Massey (2013) e Wallerstein (2006), tem-se por corolario que os aspectos temporal e espacial das identidades coletivas tambem se influenciam mutuamente. Neste sentido, procura-se demonstrar que o territorio e um dos principais conjuntos de signos que atuam na reproducao/disseminacao da memoria coletiva de um grupo social e, simultaneamente, essa mesma memoria coletiva e um elemento capital da territorialidade do grupo, estando ambos amalgamados em seus processos identitarios, por meio da qual sao mutuamente/reciprocamente influenciaveis.
General Medical Problems in Athletes

This chapter focuses on medical problems in the athlete. It is not inclusive of all medical issues but does review some of the most encountered issues that an athlete may have depending on their environment, sport, and intrinsic medical issues. It is important to be aware of these issues as they may require preventive measures in some sports and may even necessitate exclusion from sports.
Piecing together cities to support bird diversity: Development and forest edge density affect bird richness in urban environments

Abstract Urban areas are quickly expanding in the southeastern United States with varying effects on biodiversity. Maintaining bird richness in cities is essential for conserving ecosystem function. In this study, we determined the relative importance of landscape composition and configuration on urban avian richness in the southeastern U.S. We used linear models to explore the influence of the proportion, size, aggregation, and edge density of forests, wetlands, and developed land cover types on urban avian species richness and feeding guild diversity. We found that the proportion of developed land in a city, a composition metric, and forest edge density of cities, a configuration metric, had consistent negative effects on bird richness and feeding guild diversity. These results differ from previous studies that have found landscape configuration to have a minimal influence on bird richness. Urban revegetation should therefore focus on reducing expansion of developed land and reducing edge density of large forest patches.
Ultrasound-guided biopsy of challenging abdominopelvic targets

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsies have become the standard of practice for tissue diagnosis in the abdomen and pelvis for many sites including liver, kidney, abdominal wall, and peripheral nodal stations. Additional targets may appear difficult or impossible to safely biopsy by ultrasound due to interposed bowel loops/vasculature, deep positioning, association with the bowel, or concern for poor visibility; however, by optimizing technique, it is often possible to safely and efficiently use real-time ultrasound guidance for sampling targets that normally would be considered only appropriate for CT guided or surgical/endoscopic biopsy.
Relationship between diet and relative risk of pain in a cross-sectional analysis of the REGARDS longitudinal study.

Aim: Determine if dietary patterns affect risk of pain. Methods: Data from 16,061 participants (55.4% females, 32.3% Black, age 65 ± 9 years) in the REGARDS study were categorized based on the adherence to previous dietary patterns reflecting the prevalent foods within each (convenience, alcohol/salads, plant-based, sweets/fats and 'southern'). A modified Poisson regression model was used to determine whether dietary patterns were associated with relative risk (RR) of pain. Results: High adherence to 'Southern' dietary pattern was associated with a 41% (95% CI: 23, 61%) increase in RR of pain. High adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern showed a 22% (95% CI: 11, 31%) decrease in the RR of pain. Conclusion: Poor quality dietary patterns increase the RR of pain, while plant-based patterns lowered the RR. Diet patterns should be incorporated into medical history.
An exact method for locating counting sensors in flow observability problems

Abstract The Sensor Location Partial and Full Observability Problems consist in determining the best placement of sensors on a network to allow partial or full observability of a given set of flows of interest in the network (i.e., either Origin–Destination flows, or route flows, or link flows, or a combination of them), respectively. We present the first exact algorithm to optimally solve both the problems when the sensors to be located are counting sensors. The approach is an implicit hitting set based algorithm which uses a novel formulation of the addressed problems able to overcome several limitations of the existing approaches. The method is applied on some real-case network examples taken from the literature.
Stochastic Processes and Stochastic Differential Equations

Introduction. Since Ito has defined the stochastic integral with respect to the Brownian motion, mathematicians have tried to generalize it. The first step consisted of replacing the Brownian motion by a square integrable martingale. Later H. Kunita and S. Watanabe in [10] introduced the concept of local continuous martingale and stochastic integral with respect to local continuous martingales which P. A. Meyer generalized to the non continuous case.
Strategies for RNA-Guided DNA Recombination

We present a model for homologous DNA recombination events guided by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) templates, and apply this model to DNA rearrangements in some groups of ciliates, such as Stylonychia or Oxytricha. In these organisms, differentiation of a somatic macronucleus from a germline micronucleus involves extensive gene rearrangement, which can be modeled as topological braiding of the DNA, with the template-guided alignment proceeding through DNA branch migration. We show that a graph structure, which we refer to as an assembly graph, containing only 1- and 4-valent vertices can provide a physical representation of the DNA at the time of recombination. With this representation, 4-valent vertices correspond to the alignment of the recombination sites, and we model the actual recombination event as smoothing of these vertices.
HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS (HTLV) STUDIES IN SUBJECTS WITH HEMOPHILIA

Subjects with hemophilia may be at risk for developing AIDS. HTLV has been linked to AIDS in several reports. Because of this possible association, sera from 46 asymptomatic F-VIII and F-IX deficient hemophiliacs, ages 16 mos-19 yrs, and 51 adult non-hemophiliac AIDS patients were examined for antibodies to membrane antigens (MA) on HTLV infected lymphocytes (HUT 102-B2 cell line) using flow cytometry. Fluorescence histograms of serum samples were computer analyzed for comparison to cells exposed to buffer. Lymphocyte subsets were determined using commercially available monoclonal antibodies. The anti-HTLV-MA titers were as follows:
Run Over by American Trucking Part I: Can EPA Revive Its Air Quality Standards?

This piece analyzes the original D.C. Circuit opinion in American Trucking Associations v EPA. It suggests the decision ought to be seen as an example of arbitrary-and-capricious review. It also suggests that the search for a principle to govern the establishment of EPA air quality standards is unrealistic.
What does aid to Africa finance

If a donor gives aid for a project that the recipient government would have undertaken anyway, the aid finances expenditures other than the intended project. The notion that aid in this sense may be"fungible"has recently received empirical support. The authors look at why aid isfungible or nonfungible, and the extent to which it is fungible in Sub-Saharan Africa. Their results suggest that aid may be partially fungible in Africa and suggests some reasons. They find relatively little evidence that aid leads to greater tax relief in Africa. Every dollar of aid leads to a 90-cent increase in government spending. The implications of this result are by no means clear. If the marginal cost of taxation is exceptionally high - which it might be in African countries - using aid for tax relief may be the best use of foreign resources. Aid's effect on the composition of current and capital spending? They increase equally. Even if all aid were intended to finance capital spending, the reallocation to current spending might not necessarily be harmful. The fungible of loans to specific sectors generally mirrors patterns found in a broader sample of countries. Aid to energy, transport, and communication sectors increase public spending in those sectors somewhat but by no means one for one. (By contrast, in the worldwide sample, aid to transport and communications was almost fully nonfungible). Aid to the education sector - which had no discernible effect on education spending in the global sample - had an almost one-for-one effect on education spending in Africa. Even in these partially fungible sectors, governments spend more out of aid resources than they do out of their own resources, at the margin. Governments do not spend all sectoral aid in that sector - nor do they treat such aid as merely budgetary support. The more donors to a country, the more likely aids is to be fungible. If the number of donors represents a proxy for monitoring costs, it is not surprising that most aid is partly fungible.
Haskore Music Tutorial

3 Composing Music 5 3.1 Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2 Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3 Convenient Auxiliary Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.4 Some Simple Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.5 Trills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.6 Percussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.7 Phrasing and Articulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.8 Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.9 Representing Chords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.10 Tempo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Workshop Report for 2nd International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS ‘03) 21-22 February 2003 – Claremont Hotel, Berkeley, CA, USA

Attendees were welcomed by Frans Kasshoek and Ion Stoica. The workshop had attracted 166 submissions out of which 27 position papers had been accepted for presentation. In addition, the program included four invited talks.
Fluorimetric determination of oxidative enzymes. Analytical applications of the monoamine and diamine oxidase systems.

Abstract Fluorescence methods are described for the assay of the oxidative enzymes, monoamine and diamine oxidase. The method is based on the conversion of the nonfluorescent p -hydroxyphenylacetic acid to a highly fluorescent fluorophore by hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase. The initial rate of formation of this fluorescent compound is measured and related to the activity of the enzymes. The substrates of these enzyme systems—benzylamine, tyramine, furfurylamine, cadaverine, histamine, and putrescine—can be determined in microgram concentrations with a precision and accuracy of better than 3%. The reagent p -hydroxyphenylacetic acid is stable and can be used for several months.
Disciplining the American Dream in “Reality”

Better Living Through Reality TV: Television and Post-Welfare Citizenship, by Laurie Ouellette and James Hay, is an exploration of the potential implications of television taking up the call for we...
A parallel Kalman algorithm for fast learning of multilayer neural networks

A fast learning algorithm is proposed for training of multilayer feedforward neural networks, based on a combination of optimal linear Kalman filtering theory and error propagation. In this algorithm, all the information available from the start of the training process to the current training sample is exploited in the update procedure for the weight vector of each neuron in the network in an efficient parallel recursive method. This innovation is a massively parallel implementation and has better convergence properties than the conventional backpropagation learning technique. Its performance is illustrated on some examples, such as a XOR logical operation and a nonlinear mapping of two continuous signals. >
Surface Interactions in Biological Systems

Intermolecular interactions are the attractive or repulsive interactions existing between molecules in a substrate. There are a number of seemingly different categories, but all of them originate from one fundamental force—the electromagnetic force. The development of quantum theory greatly deepens our understanding on the nature of intermolecular interactions. Theoretically, all the intermolecular interactions can be calculated using the quantum theory; however, due to the extreme difficulty of solving the exact or even approximate solutions of the Schrodinger equation, the historical way of dividing the intermolecular interactions into several categories with each of them having a simple interaction potential is still the most effective and dominating approach. Assuming the pair potential between two atoms or molecules are additive, integrating the potentials over all the atoms or molecules in the substrates gives the interfacial interactions. While the origins of the additive interactions are similar to those of the intermolecular interactions, they can quite often exhibit new features when acting between two macroscopic bodies. Strictly, the words “force” and “interaction” have different meanings, but for the convenience of the author, here I clarify the two words “force” and “interaction” will be used interchangeably in this dissertation when referring to surface interactions. The force is simply the derivative of the interaction potential, F = − dW/dD, and both of them are functions of distance D.
Patients with Anorexia Nervosa Demonstrate Deficiencies of Selected Essential Fatty Acids, Compensatory Changes in Nonessential Fatty Acids and Decreased Fluidity of Plasma Lipids

The objective of this study was to assess the essential fatty acid status of patients with anorexia nervosa. Blood was collected from eight fasting female anorexia nervosa patients with a mean of 81% ideal body weight. Fatty acid composition of phospholipids, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesteryl esters of plasma were determined by capillary gas chromatography to indicate polyunsaturated fatty acids status compared with 19 healthy female adults < 25 y old. Subjects with anorexia nervosa showed polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiencies in plasma phospholipids different from simple nutritional essential fatty acid deficiency or chronic malnutrition. The phospholipid profile showed significantly lower (n-6) and (n-3) elongation and desaturation products, and elevated short-chain saturated, short-chain monounsaturated, branched-chain and odd-chain fatty acids. These elevations indicate enhancement of biosynthesis of alternative fatty acids that only partially compensated for the loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids in providing membrane "fluidity." Calculated mean melting point of the fatty acids of phospholipids in patients with anorexia nervosa was elevated 7.7 degrees C above normal values. These results demonstrate that patients with anorexia nervosa have deficiencies of selected essential fatty acids, compensatory changes in nonessential fatty acids and decreased fluidity of plasma lipids.
Strength training increases insulin action in healthy 50- to 65-yr-old men

The insulin resistance associated with aging may be due, in part, to reduced levels of physical activity in the elderly. We hypothesized that strength training increases insulin action in older ind...
The response of lactating africander cows to treatment with a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device or injection of synthetic Gn RH

Abstract The occurrence of oestrus, cyclic ovarian activity and conception during the post-partum period was examined in 51 mature well fed lactating Africander cows. One group served as a control, one group received two injections of 500 ng Gn RH (gonadotrophin releasing hormone) at a 10-day interval, while cows in the third group were fitted with a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) for a 12-day period. Treatment commenced at approximately 30 days after calving. Blood samples were taken at weekly intervals for progesterone assay. Neither treatment had any significant effect on the interval from parturition to first oestrus, or on the calving interval. Cyclic ovarian activity, as measured by plasma progesterone levels, restarted before the first post-partum oestrus in all groups of cows. Conception occurred more than 90 days after calving in over 50% of cows.
Prevention of flight activity prolongs the life span of the housefly, Musca domestica, and attenuates the age-associated oxidative damamge to specific mitochondrial proteins.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanisms by which oxidative stress affects the aging process. The hypothesis that the rate of accumulation of oxidative damage to specific mitochondrial proteins is linked to the life expectancy of animals was tested in the housefly. The rate of oxygen consumption and life expectancy of the flies were experimentally altered by confining the flies in small jars, where they were unable to fly. Prevention of flight activity decreased the rate of oxygen utilization of flies and almost tripled their life span as compared to those permitted to fly. Rate of mitochondrial H 2 O 2 generation at various ages was lower in the low activity flies than in the high activity flies. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins, adenine nucelotide translocase, and aconitase, detected as carbonyl modifications, was attenuated; and the loss in their functional activity occurring with age was retarded in the long-lived low activity flies as compared to the short-lived high activity flies. The two proteins were previously identified to be the only mitochondrial proteins exhibiting age-related increases in carbonylation. Results support the hypothesis that accrual of oxidative damage to specific protein targets and the consequent loss of their function may constitute a mechanism by which oxidative stress controls the aging process.
NEW THOUGHTS ON THE IMMUNOLOGY OF CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION

Significant advances derived from rodent models of penetrating keratoplasty have transformed our understanding of the pathogenesis of rejection of orthotopic corneal transplants. The high rate of success of corneal allografts placed in low-risk eyes without cover of immunosuppression arises from immune privilege of the cornea graft itself, and of the anterior chamber where it forms the anterior wall. Immune privilege owes its existence in penetrating keratoplasty to an absence of blood and lymph vessels in the graft and its bed, the absence of MHC class II(+) antigen presenting cells in the graft, reduced expression of MHC-encoded alloantigens on graft cells, constitutive expression of T cell-deleting CD95 ligand on corneal graft endothelium, the existence of an immunosuppressive local microenvironment (aqueous humor), and the capacity of the graft to induce anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID). The results of recent experiments provide answers to pertinent questions regarding cornea graft failure: How does the cornea as a graft suppress inflammation and angiogenesis locally? How does the graft promote ACAID to the alloantigens it expresses? and How do corneal cells reduce their vulnerability as targets of effector T cells? The answers offer the possibilities of novel strategies for preventing immune-based corneal allograft failure.
The Structure and Properties of African Wave Disturbances as Observed During Phase III of GATE

Abstract A compositing method is used to determine the average structure and properties of eight wave disturbances observed over west Africa and the eastern Atlantic during the period 23 August-19 September, 1974, a period marked by well-developed and regular wave activity. The disturbance centers propagated westward in the zone of cyclonic shear to the south of the 700 mb easterly jet, located at 16–17°N. The mean wave- length was about 25M km and the mean period 3.5 days. The mean zonal current satisfied the necessary condition for barotropic instability. The composite disturbance was most intense at 650 mb, being cold core below and warm core above. Two circulation centers were evident at the surface, one located below the upper center and the other displaced 10° to the north at about the latitude of the monsoon trough. When separate composites were constructed for land and ocean stations, the dual centers were found to be primarily a land phenomenon. Distinctive features of the high-level (200 inb) ci...
Gas phase chemistry of dinitramide and nitroacetylide ions

Abstract Using the tandem flowing afterglow-selected-ion flow tube, we have examined the basicity, reactivity, electron binding energy and collision-induced dissociation of two novel nitro species, the dinitramide ion (N(NO 2 ) − 2 ) and the nitroacetylide ion (O 2 NCC − ). Dinitraminic acid is among the strongest known gas phase acids with Δ H ° acid ⩽ 310 kcal mol −1 . The conjugate base, dinitramide anion, has a high electron binding energy, is extremely unreactive and is a very poor nucleophile. Collision-induced dissociation of dinitramide anion generates the O 2 NN − anion. Nitroacetylene is a moderately strong acid with Δ H ° acid = 354 ± 4 kcal mol −1 ; this value is similar to those of other nitro compounds and substituted acetylenes. The nitroacetylide ion is generally unreactive but exhibits a rich chemistry upon reaction with hydrogen sulfide. The anion has a high electron binding energy and generates four ions upon collision-induced dissociation, ONC − , C − 2 , C 2 O − , and CN − .
The Relativity of Foundation Effectiveness: The Case of Community Foundations:

This article proposes that efforts to understand and achieve greater foundation effectiveness would be advanced by expanding the discussion to be more attuned to the relative and context-dependent ...
An Empirical Investigation of the Social Coping Strategies Used by Gifted Adolescents.

The formation of an identity during adolescence is believed to be facilitated by conformity to others and membership in a peer group. Because gifted adolescents in a typical school setting often experience difficulties in conformity and peer group membership, they can be expected to face some unique challenges during adolescence. The current study seeks empirical evidence for discrete strategies that gifted adolescents may use to cope with perceived social difficulties. Highly gifted students who were identified by the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth and who participated in a rigorous summer academic program completed a survey that was specifically designed to reflect coping strategies proposed in the literature. The results of the survey were factor analyzed and yielded five meaningful factors: denial of giftedness, popularity/conformity, peer acceptance, fear of failure, and activity level. The results of the factor analysis suggest that further research focusing on the measurement of social co...
Temperature dependence of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine binding in egg lecithin vesicles.

Abstract The temperature dependence of the binding of PhNapNH2 ( N- phenyl-1-naphthylamine ) to vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine has been determined. The Arrhenius plot of the association constant exhibits a discontinuity at 20.9 °C, some 30 °C above the broad phase transition region of the phospholipid. In the temperature range above 20 °C, ΔH 0 = −6100 cal·mol −1 and ΔS 0 = 9.7 e. u. ; in the temperature range below 20 °C, ΔH 0 = 0 cal · mol −1 and ΔS 0 = 30.4 e. u. These values are consistent with the view that there are well ordered lipid-lipid bonds below 20 °C which are significantly less important above this temperature. The order in the temperature range of 5 to 20 °C, though significantly greater than that above 20 °C, is still significantly less than that in the crystalline state.
On the potential of extratropical SST anomalies for improving climate predictions

Skill for initialized decadal predictions for atmospheric and terrestrial variability is posited to reside in successful prediction of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) associated with the low-frequency modes of coupled ocean–atmosphere variability, for example, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) or Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). So far, assessments of the skill of atmospheric and terrestrial variability in decadal predictions, however, have not been encouraging. Similarly, in the context of seasonal climate variability, teleconnections between SSTs associated with PDO and AMO and terrestrial climate have also been noted, but the same SST information used in predictive mode has failed to demonstrate convincing gains in skill. Are these results an artifact of model biases, or more a consequence of some fundamental property of coupled evolution of ocean–atmosphere system in extratropical latitudes, and the manner in which extratropical SST anomalies modulate (or constrain) atmospheric variability? Based on revisiting an analysis of a simple model that replicates the essential characteristics of coupled ocean–atmosphere interaction in extratropical latitudes, it is demonstrated that lack of additional skill in predicting atmospheric and terrestrial variability is more a consequence of fundamental characteristics of coupled evolution of ocean–atmosphere system. The results based on simple models are also substantiated following an analysis of a set of seasonal hindcasts with a fully coupled model.
Emitted and evoked P300 potentials and variation in stimulus probability.

There have been a number of reports of a cerebral potential occurring at about the time of an expected but absent stimulus when absence provided significant information for the subject. This potential consists primarily of a positive peak occurring with a latency of about 300 msec with respect to the time of stimulus absence and is referred to as an emitted P300 potential. It has been conjectured that the emitted P300 is a manifestation of the same process that underlies the evoked P300. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is provided by demonstrating that both the evoked and emitted P300 potentials are similarly affected by variation in event probability. A paradigm was used in which click presence and absence provided information. The relative probability of click presence and absence was experimentally manipulated. Both evoked and emitted p300 amplitude responded in the same way to event probability, larger for the less frequent event and smaller for the more frequent event.
Two-point time-series measurements of minor-species concentrations in a turbulent nonpremixed flame

We report a technique that is capable of making simultaneous two-point time-series measurements of minor-species concentrations in turbulent flames. The experimental setup, which incorporates picosecond time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence, has a spatial resolution of less than 250??m and a temporal resolution of less than 100??s, which spatially and temporally resolve microscales in many turbulent flows. Two-point time-series data are given for a standard turbulent nonpremixed flame at Re=10,000, including a discussion of potential implications.
Optimal Control of Shock Wave Turbulent Boundary Layer Interactions Using Micro-Array Actuation

The intent of this study on micro-array flow control is to demonstrate the viability and economy of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine optimal designs of micro-array actuation for controlling the shock wave turbulent boundary layer interactions within supersonic inlets and compare these concepts to conventional bleed performance. The term micro-array refers to micro-actuator arrays which have heights of 25 to 40 percent of the undisturbed supersonic boundary layer thickness. This study covers optimal control of shock wave turbulent boundary layer interactions using standard micro-vane, tapered micro-vane, and standard micro-ramp arrays at a free stream Mach number of 2.0. The effectiveness of the three micro-array devices was tested using a shock pressure rise induced by the 10 shock generator, which was sufficiently strong as to separate the turbulent supersonic boundary layer. The overall design purpose of the micro-arrays was to alter the properties of the supersonic boundary layer by introducing a cascade of counter-rotating micro-vortices in the near wall region. In this manner, the impact of the shock wave boundary layer (SWBL) interaction on the main flow field was minimized without boundary bleed.
Epidural analgesia shortens postoperative ileus after heal pouch-anal canal anastomosis

Purpose A retrospecive study was conducted to determine whether epidural analgesia would speed recovery from postoperative ileus in patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal canal anastomosis. Methods Among 85 patients who underwent proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal canal anastomosis at the Mayo Medical Center between January 1, 1991 and October 31, 1992, 44 were treated for postoperative pain with continuous infusion of epidural fentanyl citrate supplemented by intravenous morphine on request, while 41 controls were given only systemic morphine sulfate as needed. Results The patients in the two groups were matched and similar with regard to preoperative and operative risk factors and postoperative morbidity. No operative mortality occurred. Epidural fentanyl analgesia resulted in less need for nasogastric suction and intravenous fluids, more rapid discharge of fecal content, more rapid return to oral intake, and shorter hospitalisation. Conclusion Epidural analgesia with fentanyl citrate shortened postoperative ileus after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal canal anastomosis.
Biochemical and behavioral effects of serotonin neurotoxins on the nigrostriatal dopamine system: Comparison of injection sites

Summary Unilateral injections of the serotonin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (DHT), at various points along the 5-HT pathway to the forebrain produce a turning syndrome associated with alterations of dopamine synthesis in the ipsilateral striatum. Unilateral injections of DHT into theSN produced an ipsilateralincrease in striatal dopamine (DA) turnover andcontralateral rotation in response to amphetamine or apomorphine. Injection of DHT into theMFB produced an ipsilateraldecrease in striatal DA turnover and tyrosine hydroxylase (TOH) activity, andipsilateral rotation in response to amphetamine or apomorphine. After the injection of DHT into the SN or MFB, there was a significant correlation between the rates of drug-induced rotation, the decrease in cortical 5-HT turnover, and the change in striatal DA turnover, suggesting that the unilateral change in DA turnover (and, presumably, the increased stimulation of DA receptors) is causally linked to turning. Injection of DHT into the zones of the striatum and GP richest in 5-HT terminals produced the same responses as the MFB-lesioned rats: ipsilateral rotation and a decrease in striatal TOH activity. Injection of DHT into the area of the striatum richest in DA terminals failed to produce rotation or a significant change in TOH activity. We suggest that 5-HT neurons from the raphe nuclei exert a tonic inhibition on the nigrostriatal pathway at the level of the SN through direct synapses on DA neurons, whereas their neostriatal terminals have an indirect effect on DA terminals, perhaps via interaction with cholinergic and GABA-ergic neurons.
Effects of ingested petroleum on the development of ovarian endocrine function in photostimulated mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

Female mallard ducks that had been raised to maturity on a non-stimulatory light regime were divided into two groups and abruptly exposed to a stimulatory regime of 18 hr light and 6 hr dark. At the same time, the experimental group was given food contaminated with petroleum while the control group continued to receive uncontaminated food. The plasma concentrations of estradiol, estrone, progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the control birds increased steadily during the first two weeks of photostimulation and by the 15th day they started to lay eggs. In contrast, the plasma concentrations of these hormones in the contaminated birds increased significantly more slowly than in the uncontaminated control birds, and none had started to lay on the 15th day of photostimulation. After 21 days, only 4 of the contaminated birds had started to lay, and in these the plasma concentrations of all the hormones had increased to levels found in the uncontaminated birds on the 15th day of photo stimulation. The plasma concentration of each of the hormones in the 4 other contaminated birds that had not started to lay on the 21st day, were still low and similar to the corresponding values recorded for them on the 15th day of photostimulation. The primary site at which these contaminants act to suppress the response is probably in the steroidogenic cells of the differentiating ovary; the resulting low plasma concentrations of estrogen may also exert an insufficient level of stimulatory feedback control over the adenohypophysis, and thus account for the abnormally low plasma LH concentrations found in the contaminated birds at this time. It is concluded that contaminants derived from ingested petroleum act quickly to interfere with photostimulated ovarian recrudescence, and the associated development of ovarian endocrine function.
Development, composition, and structural arrangements of the ciliary zonule of the mouse.

PURPOSE. Here, we examined the development, composition, and structural organization of the ciliary zonule of the mouse. Fibrillin 1, a large glycoprotein enriched in force-bearing tissues, is a prominent constituent of the mouse zonule. In humans, mutations in the gene for fibrillin 1 (FBN1) underlie Marfan syndrome (MS), a disorder characterized by lens dislocation and other ocular symptoms. METHODS. Fibrillin expression was analyzed by in situ hybridization. The organization of the zonule was visualized using antibodies to Fbn1, Fbn2, and microfibril-associated glycoprotein1 (Magp1) in conjunction with 5-ethynyl-2 0 -deoxyuridine (EdU), an S-phase marker. RESULTS. Microfibrils, enriched in Fbn2 and Magp1, were prominent components of the temporary vascular tunic of the embryonic lens. Fbn2 expression by nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells diminished postnatally and there was a concomitant increase in Fbn1 expression, especially in cells located in valleys between the ciliary folds. Zonular fibers projected from the posterior pars plicata to the lens in anterior, equatorial, and posterior groupings. The attachment point of the posterior zonular fibers consisted of a dense meshwork of radially oriented microfibrils that we termed the fibrillar girdle. The fibrillar girdle was located directly above the transition zone, a region of the lens epithelium in which cells commit to terminal differentiation. CONCLUSIONS. The development and arrangement of the murine ciliary zonule are similar to those of humans, and consequently the mouse eye may be a useful model in which to study ocular complications of MS.
Interface methods for hybrid Monte Carlo-diffusion radiation-transport simulations

Discrete diffusion Monte Carlo (DDMC) is a technique for increasing the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulations in diffusive media. An important aspect of DDMC is the treatment of interfaces between diffusive regions, where DDMC is used, and transport regions, where standard Monte Carlo is employed. Three previously developed methods exist for treating transport-diffusion interfaces: the Marshak interface method, based on the Marshak boundary condition, the asymptotic interface method, based on the asymptotic diffusion-limit boundary condition, and the Nth-collided source technique, a scheme that allows Monte Carlo particles to undergo several collisions in a diffusive region before DDMC is used. Numerical calculations have shown that each of these interface methods gives reasonable results as part of larger radiation-transport simulations. In this paper, we use both analytic and numerical examples to compare the ability of these three interface techniques to treat simpler, transport-diffusion interface problems outside of a more complex radiation-transport calculation. We find that the asymptotic interface method is accurate regardless of the angular distribution of Monte Carlo particles incident on the interface surface. In contrast, the Marshak boundary condition only produces correct solutions if the incident particles are isotropic. We also show that the Nth-collided source technique has the capacity to yield accurate results if spatial cells are optically small and Monte Carlo particles are allowed to undergo many collisions within a diffusive region before DDMC is employed. These requirements make the Nth-collided source technique impractical for realistic radiation-transport calculations.
Old Age and Historical Examples of the Miser

Older people have historically been characterized as avaricious and miserly. A review of Western art and literature reveals many examples of this stereotypical view of aging. Historical reasons for characterizing older people as misers, such as their need to control wealth, intergenerational conflict, and lack of social support programs, are described. Industrialization, Social Security, and other factors have led to a decline in the use of these stereotyped images in modern times.
DCE-MRI defined subvolumes of a brain metastatic lesion by principle component analysis and fuzzy-c-means clustering for response assessment of radiation therapy

Purpose: To develop a pharmacokinetic modelfree framework to analyze the dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) data for assessment of response of brain metastases to radiation therapy. Methods: Twenty patients with 45 analyzable brain metastases had MRI scans prior to whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and at the end of the 2-week therapy. The volumetric DCE images covering the whole brain were acquired on a 3T scanner with approximately 5 s temporal resolution and a total scan time of about 3 min. DCE curves from all voxels of the 45 brain metastases were normalized and then temporally aligned. A DCE matrix that is constructed from the aligned DCE curves of all voxels of the 45 lesions obtained prior to WBRT is processed by principal component analysis to generate the principal components (PCs). Then, the projection coefficient maps prior to and at the end of WBRT are created for each lesion. Next, a pattern recognition technique, based upon fuzzy-c-means clustering, is used to delineate the tumor subvolumes relating to the value of the significant projection coefficients. The relationship between changes in different tumor subvolumes and treatment response was evaluated to differentiate responsive from stable and progressive tumors. Performance of the PC-defined tumor subvolume was also evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in prediction of nonresponsive lesions and compared with physiological-defined tumor subvolumes. Results: The projection coefficient maps of the first three PCs contain almost all response-related information in DCE curves of brain metastases. The first projection coefficient, related to the area under DCE curves, is the major component to determine response while the third one has a complimentary role. In ROC analysis, the area under curve of 0.88 ± 0.05 and 0.86 ± 0.06 were achieved for the PC-defined and physiological-defined tumor subvolume in response assessment. Conclusions: The PC-defined subvolume of a brain metastasis could predict tumor response to therapy similar to the physiological-defined one, while the former is determined more rapidly for clinical decision-making support.