cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review article: the management of paediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

SummaryBackground Paediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health concern given the recent increase in its prevalence and link to obesity and other metabolic comorbidities. Current treatment strategies involve lifestyle changes. Other surgical and pharmacologic interventions have been proposed; however, limited randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the paediatric population restrict their use. Aim To review the current management of paediatric NAFLD, including lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions, and to formulate recommendations for study design for future studies. Methods A MEDLINE, Pubmed and Cochrane Review database search used a combination of keywords, including NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), paediatric, treatments, lifestyle changes, bariatric surgery, orlistat, metformin, thiazolidinediones, vitamin E, cysteamine bitartrate, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, pentoxyfylline, farnesoid X receptor agonist and toll-like receptor modifiers. The articles were selected based on their relevance to the review. Results Lifestyle interventions involving diet and exercise remain first-line treatment for paediatric NAFLD. Bariatric surgery, orlistat, insulin sensitisers and UDCA have been evaluated but are not recommended as first or second-line therapy. Medications such as cysteamine bitartrate, probiotics, polyunsaturated fats and pentoxyfilline share beneficial effects in trials, however, there is a paucity of adequately powered RCTs in which liver histology is evaluated. Vitamin E has been shown to be effective and safe in improving NASH histology in children. Conclusions Lifestyle intervention should be first-line treatment for paediatric NAFLD. Vitamin E should be considered for those with biopsy-proven NASH or borderline NASH failing first-line therapy. Other therapeutics show promising results but require larger RCTs with convincing endpoints. Improved screening techniques, objective validated inclusion criteria and outcome measures as well as rigour in study design are necessary for propelling therapeutic discovery.
Cohesiveness of spatial and directional representations recorded from neural ensembles in the anterior thalamus, parasubiculum, medial entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus

Anatomical and physiological evidence suggests that hippocampal place cells derive their spatial firing properties from the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and other parahippocampal areas that send spatial and directional input to the MEC. MEC neurons fire in a precise, geometric pattern, forming a hexagonal grid that tessellates the surface of environments. Similar to place cells and head direction cells, the orientation of grid cell firing patterns can be controlled by visual landmarks, but the cells maintain their firing patterns even in the dark. Place cells and head direction cells can also completely decouple from external landmarks in the light, but it is not known whether the MEC and parahippocampal regions exhibit similar properties or are more explicitly tied to external landmarks. We recorded neurons in the MEC, parasubiculum, and CA1 and head direction cells of the anterior thalamus as the rat's internal direction sense was pitted against a salient visual landmark by slowly rotating the rat in a covered bucket while counter-rotating the visual cue. In different sessions, spatial firing rate maps and head direction tuning curves either rotated their preferred firing locations/directions by the same amount as the bucket rotation or maintained their preferences in the external laboratory framework. In few cases, the firing preferences rotated with the cue card. When cells from different regions were recorded simultaneously, the dominant response in one area almost always matched the response of the other areas. Although dominant responses were consistent throughout the recording regions, CA1 ensembles exhibited a greater degree of response heterogeneity than other regions, which nearly all exhibited internally consistent responses. Thus, the parahippocampal and MEC input to the hippocampus can be controlled by the animal's internal direction sense (presumably reflected in the firing of head direction cells) and become completely decoupled from external sensory input, yet maintain internal coherence with each other and in general with the place cell system of the hippocampus.
Family-Friendly Organizational Policies, Practices, and Benefits through the Gender Lens

This chapter examines past literature on organizational family-supportive benefits and policies through the lens of gender. It focuses on three broad areas of research involving formal organizational benefits and policies. First, it addresses gender differences in employee perceptions and utilization of available family-friendly benefits and policies (e.g., Family and Medical Leave Act, telecommuting, flextime). Second, it examines whether policy availability and utilization differentially impacts male and female employee outcomes (e.g., psychological and physical wellbeing, work-family conflict/facilitation, family functioning, work engagement, counterproductive work behaviors). In light of previous research emphasizing the critical role of supervisors in shaping organizational work-family culture, the third focus centers around the interplay between supervisor gender and perceived supervisor supportiveness of employee family life (e.g., family-supportive supervisor behaviors). Thus, the chapter provides insight into the supervisor-employee dyad by examining the effect of gender combination (i.e., same-sex, male supervisor-female employee, female supervisor-male employee) on employee perceptions and utilization of family-friendly benefits. To help further contextualize the effect of gender, the chapter consistently addresses underlying individual characteristics (e.g., personality, marital status and other family-related factors) that may contribute to the existence of gender differences within the proposed areas of focus.
Anticipated Impacts of Planetary Protection Requirements on Mars Sample Return Missions

International planetary protection polices will apply to upcoming Mars sample return missions, translating into unavoidable challenges and requirements. It will be important that engineers, designers, and planners acknowledge the importance of these policies, understand how they will impact different mission phases, and be aware of findings and recommendations from previous workshops and research that address many of the issues ahead. This paper provides an overview of planetary protection policies for a Mars sample return mission and discusses the implications for both robotic and human missions and associated hardware and operations. It also provides detailed information about requirements related to sample collection, handling, containment, and testing both on Mars as well as on Earth. This information is also relevant for the eventual development of a sample receiving facility (SRF) where returned samples will be handled during preliminary science screening and biohazard analyses upon return to Earth.
Orbital and Eyelid Manifestations of Xanthogranulomatous Diseases

Erdheim-Chester disease, adult periocular xanthogranuloma, juvenile xanthogranuloma, and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma are presumed to be separate disease entities, but they are often confused clinically because of their similar presentations and histopathology. To further describe the xanthogranulomatous diseases and to identify possible pitfalls in their diagnoses, we retrospectively reviewed charts from 1998 to 2001 for all patients with biopsy-proven xanthogranulomatous process of the eyelid and/or orbit. We found 2 patients diagnosed with adult periocular xanthogranuloma and 1 with Erdheim-Chester disease, each case initially misdiagnosed. Careful review of the clinical manifestations, histopathological review of all previous biopsy specimens, and repeat biopsy aided in the correct diagnosis and management of disease in these 3 patients.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF GLOMERULAR PERMEABILITY IN AMINONUCLEOSIDE NEPHROSIS USING CATALASE AS A TRACER PROTEIN

Beef liver catalase (mol wt 240,000) was injected intravenously into normal rats and rats made nephrotic with aminonucleoside of puromycin. The localization of the tracer in the kidneys was then studied by ultrastructural cytochemistry, 3 min–12 hr after injection. Passage of catalase into the urinary space in normal rats was restricted by the basement membrane and by the epithelial slit pore. Nephrotic glomeruli showed extensive fusion of foot processes and formation of pockets and vacuoles in the fused epithelium; within 3 min after injection, catalase appeared in basal pockets, epithelial vacuoles, and the urinary space. Residual slit pores and close junctions in fused epithelium were impermeable to catalase. These studies indicate that alteration of the epithelial cells and basement membrane is responsible for protein leakage in aminonucleoside nephrosis.
Mendelevium: divalency and other chemical properties.

Mendelevium (element 101) is the first actinide element found to give a divalent ion stable in solution. Reduction from the 3+ oxidation state was accomplished with Zn dust, Zn-Hg amalgam, Cr2+, Eu2+, and V2+; additionally, measurements of the equilibrium with V2+ provided an estimate of +0.2 volt for the couple, Md2+ = Md3+ + e-. The chemical behavior of Md3+ is similar to that of the other trivalent actinides and lanthanides. Oxidation from the trivalent to higher valence states with sodium bismuthate was not detected.
Transmitter architecture using digital generation of RF signals

This paper describes architecture for a CDMA RF transmitter implemented in digital CMOS. The functions of up-conversion and filtering are carried out in the digital domain. A band-pass delta-sigma modulator is used to produce a one-bit output containing the desired analog signal, which is then fed to switching-mode power amplifier. Issues for the digital logic implementation to facilitate proper modulator operation at the required high clock rates (>3.3 GHz) are discussed in detail.
Chronic Leg Pain in Athletes

Chronic leg pain is commonly treated by orthopaedic surgeons who take care of athletes. The sources are varied and include the more commonly encountered medial tibial stress syndrome, chronic exertional compartment syndrome, stress fracture, popliteal artery entrapment syndrome, nerve entrapment, Achilles tightness, deep vein thrombosis, and complex regional pain syndrome. Owing to overlapping physical examination findings, an assortment of imaging and other diagnostic modalities are employed to distinguish among the diagnoses to guide the appropriate management. Although most of these chronic problems are treated nonsurgically, some patients require operative intervention. For each condition listed above, the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management option, and outcomes are discussed in turn.
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of genistein on human uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation are influenced by the concentration

BACKGROUND: Due to dietary exposure of women to genistein, a soy-derived phytoestrogen, and the estrogen responsiveness of uterine leiomyomas ‘fibroids’, we evaluated the effects of genistein (0.001‐50 mg/ml) on human uterine leiomyoma (UtLM) cells versus uterine smooth muscle cells (UtSMCs) in vitro. METHODS: Light microscopy was used to determine the effects of genistein on cell morphology. Proliferation was assessed using a colorimetric assay and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunocytochemistry. Flow cytometry was used to quantitate cells in the S-phase and those undergoing apoptosis. A fluorometric assay and confocal microscopy were used to detect caspase-3 activity and apoptotic bodies, respectively. RESULTS: In UtLM cells, low concentrations (� 1 mg/ml) of genistein stimulated proliferation, increased PCNA labeling and the percentage of cells in the S-phase, but this did not occur in UtSMCs. Higher concentrations (� 10 mg/ml) of genistein adversely affected the morphology, significantly inhibited proliferation, decreased PCNA labeling, increased caspase-3 activity and induced apoptosis in both cell types. CONCLUSIONS: Genistein’s effects are concentration-dependent in both cell lines. Lower concentrations elicit proliferative effects on UtLM cells only; whereas, higher concentrations alter morphology, inhibit proliferation, and increase caspase activity and apoptosis in both cell types, with the latter two effects being more extensive in UtSMCs.
Resource monitoring and management with OVIS to enable HPC in cloud computing environments

Using the cloud computing paradigm, a host of companies promise to make huge compute resources available to users on a pay-as-you-go basis. These resources can be configured on the fly to provide the hardware and operating system of choice to the customer on a large scale. While the current target market for these resources in the commercial space is web development/hosting, this model has the lure of savings of ownership, operation, and maintenance costs, and thus sounds like an attractive solution for people who currently invest millions to hundreds of millions of dollars annually on High Performance Computing (HPC) platforms in order to support large-scale scientific simulation codes. Given the current interconnect bandwidth and topologies utilized in these commercial offerings, however, the only current viable market in HPC would be small-memory-footprint embarrassingly parallel or loosely coupled applications, which inherently require little to no inter-processor communication. While providing the appropriate resources (bandwidth, latency, memory, etc.) for the HPC community would increase the potential to enable HPC in cloud environments, this would not address the need for scalability and reliability, crucial to HPC applications. Providing for these needs is particularly difficult in commercial cloud offerings where the number of virtual resources can far outstrip the number of physical resources, the resources are shared among many users, and the resources may be heterogeneous. Advanced resource monitoring, analysis, and configuration tools can help address these issues, since they bring the ability to dynamically provide and respond to information about the platform and application state and would enable more appropriate, efficient, and flexible use of the resources key to enabling HPC. Additionally such tools could be of benefit to non-HPC cloud providers, users, and applications by providing more efficient resource utilization in general.
Spanish-language print media in the USA: A social semiotic analysis of ideological representations in photojournalism

ABSTRACTAlthough Spanish-language media in the USA have grown rapidly since the turn of the century, little scholarship has been dedicated to the semiotic characteristics of these media. This study examines the visual representation of ideologies in 15 news photographs published in Spanish-language print media in the Midwest of the USA with the goals of understanding how ideologies are expressed visually in a culture that has received little treatment in the previous literature and of determining the potential for these photographs to challenge the negative semiotic treatment of Latin@ immigrants in the USA. Following a critical social semiotic approach, the analysis demonstrates how ideologies pattern around the inclusion and exclusion of Latin@s. These ideologies challenge and perpetuate the hegemonic structure, respectively, and as such, indicate the potential for local Spanish-language print media to challenge the negative semiotic representation of Latin@s in the USA while pointing to the need for fu...
The Melt Refining of Irradiated Uranium: Application to EBR-II Fast Reactor Fuel. VII. The Evolution of Xenon and Krypton

S>The release of the fission gases, xenon and krypton, from molten irradiated uranium was studied experimentally at total initial gas contents of 0.002 to 138 ppm. At concentration levels anticipated in spent EBR-II fuels, over 99% of the xenon and krypton is expected to be removed from the molten metal. (auth)
‘Partially Trusting’ Field Relationships: Reflecting on Field Work on the Gacaca Trials in Rwanda

This article formulates field relationships in terms of a ‘partial trust’ dynamic. This is particularly relevant for conflict and postconflict settings in which respondents are secretive because they are embedded in uncertain and highly threatening social and political contexts. Reciprocal, delicate yet stable, partially trusting relationships open up opportunities for accessing hidden worlds of thought and behaviors. Based on field research on the grassroots genocide tribunals (gacaca courts) in Rwanda, this article posits specific types of opportunities for insider access: the incremental, accidental, and the contrived. While the partial trust dynamic also constrains the extent to which the researcher can probe these openings, fieldwork under these conditions can nevertheless produce a rich and diverse array of insights.
General Application of Theory and Techniques of Psychotherapy in Nursing Situations

Individual psychotherapy is a specific type of encapsulated experience that permits an intense relationship and focus on the life experiences of one person, so that they may be reevaluated and understood. This type of corrective experience is an important one, in which the themes and patterns of behavior of the patient are identified, placed in the perspective of his or her biography, and seen in relation to the current need of these themes and patterns. The experience is corrective mainly because it brings to the attention of the patient various dimly known aspects of his or her life, and in so doing permits a reconsideration of what was involved. This kind of a review serves as a basis for reformulation of the patient’s views on life, and therefore as a basis for choosing and trying out new behavior patterns that generally tend to be more in line with the capacities and interpersonal interests of the patient.
Effect of age on polysaccharide composition of cartilage.

ConclusionsA study was made of the polysaccharide constituents of cartilage from individuals of various ages. Fetal cartilage was found to be very high in uronic acid. The uronic acid content was strikingly lower by the sixth year and then declined slowly with age. Hexosamine in excess of uronic acid increased with age until maturity was reached after which there was no appreciable change.
Inheritance and Breeding Actuality of New Quasi-aromatic Rice(Oryza sativa.L)

The cooking and eating quality of rice has attracted an increasing number of attentions recently.Aromatic rice falls into the specialty category of cultivated rice and is playing a vital role in the international paddy rice trade market.Fragrance is the most important quality trait in super rice whose research has become a hot subject.This paper reviewed the current situation on the the genetic study of aromatic rice,identification of fragrant gene,molecular breeding of fragrant gene.Then it expressed the correlation study of sterile line breeding and breeding restorer lines for quasi-aromatic Hybrid Rice.In the meanwhile,it explained the selection and extension of quasi-aromatic Hybrid Rice.The paper also analysed systematically about the existing problems in the research of aromatic rice.Also it maked the future expectation of the related research of aromatic rice.In conclusion,based on the related documents provided,we wish to offer some new angles in the deeply research of aromatic rice.
Simulating Real-time Surveillance and Early Warning of Measles in Chengdu

Objective To investigate the application of prospective space-time permutation scan statistic in the early warning of measles outbreak.Methods The prospective analysis on measles epidemic data in Chengdu in 2009 was conducted by using prospective space-time permutation scan statistic.Results For example,a warning was given on 10 June,which lasted for 2 days and covered Cuqiao street and Jinhua street in Wuhou District.Conclusion The prospective space-time permutation scan statistic could make full use of the data and timely detect the outbreak of communicable disease.
Advancement of transesophageal echocardiography during operation

Congenital and acquired heart diseases have obtained wide attentions nowadays gradually. In recent years, transesophageal echocardiography has been successfully used to detect heart diseases during operation, and it provides an accurate method for clinical examination.
On the Types and Roles of Ethnic Archives

Ethnic archives (archives of minority nationality) is an important part of Chinese archives treasury. This paper states the concepts, types and roles of ethnic archives so as to provide a scientific basis for the management and utilization of ethnic archives.
Health-related quality of life before and after head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey linkage.

BACKGROUND Understanding health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is crucial to providing high-quality survivorship care for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Trends in and prognostic significance of HRQOL before and after HNSCC have not been well described. METHODS HRQOL for older individuals with HNSCC was examined using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey database. Surveys assessing HRQOL from 5 years prediagnosis to 10 years postdiagnosis were included. HRQOL over time was modeled using multilevel linear regression with restricted cubic splines and was reported as either total HRQOL or change in HRQOL (denoted Δ). The association of prediagnosis HRQOL with survival was examined. RESULTS In total, 1653 individuals were included; of these, 61% completed 1 survey, and 39% completed multiple surveys. Overall HRQOL decreased progressively until 13 months postdiagnosis, then recovered toward baseline between 2 and 5 years. However, after stratification by survival group, the postdiagnosis recovery was not observed. Individuals with shorter survival had lower HRQOL prediagnosis ( 5-year survivors, 96.4; P = .004) with a steeper decline in HRQOL during diagnosis and treatment ( 5-year survivors: Δ, −0.9; 95% CI, −1.8, 0.08). Radiotherapy and advanced stage were associated with greater declines in HRQOL during diagnosis and treatment (P < .001). Higher prediagnosis HRQOL was independently associated with improved overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio for 10-point increase, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97). CONCLUSIONS HRQOL declines before and after HNSCC, whereas any observed posttreatment recovery is likely an artifact of shorter survival among individuals with the lowest HRQOL. The prognostic implication of prediagnosis HRQOL may inform patient counseling. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Genetic control of the T-lymphocyte proliferative response to cytochrome c.

Cytochromes c have been used as antigens in a murine T-lympho-cyte proliferation assay in order to characterize the nature of determinants whose recognition is under immune response (Ir) gene control. The cytochromes are advantagous as antigens because 1) they have well-characterized primary and tertiary structures, 2) they are antigenically simple, differing from mouse cytochrome c at only a small number of amino acid residues, and 3) there exist a large number of evolutionary variants which can be used to locate antigenic sites by cross-stimulation. In the present studies, the T-lymphocyte proliferative response to pigeon cytochrome c was shown to be under the control of two complementing major histocompatibility (MHC)-linked Ir genes in mice of the H-2a and H-2k haplotypes. Mice of the H-2b, H-2d, H-2P, H-2q, H-2S, and H-2 haplotypes were low or nonresponders. Complementation was demonstrated by showing that an F- hybrid between two nonresponder recombinant strains, B10.A(4R) ana B10.A(5R), could respond to pigeon cytochrome c. The determinant on the cytochrome recognized in this immune response was located to the C-terminal portion of the molecule around residues 89 and/or 100. This was shown by the failure of closely related cytochromes from the Pekin duck and chicken to cross-stimulate T lymphocytes immune to pigeon cytochrome; positions 89 and 100 carry the only residues different from those in mouse cytochrome c that are unique to pigeon cytochrome among the three bird cytochromes tested. This localization was further substantiated by demonstrating that the cyanogen bromide cleavage-fragment (residues 81–104) from pigeon cytochrome, but not the same fragment from Pekin duck cytochrome, was as good a stimulant of T cells immune to the whole molecule as the intact cytochrome. These results identify the immunogenic site on the molecule as one which differs from mouse cytochrome c by only one or two amino-acid residues. Thus, T-cell immune responses, which are under MHC-linked Ir gene control, are as capable as antibody responses of recognizing subtle differences in protein structure. However, the ability of T cells to respond equally well to stimulation with polypeptide fragments or with the whole molecule suggests either that T-cell recognition involves certain differences from B cell recognition or that in some cases the fragments possess a similar spatial structure to that of the corresponding segment in the native protein.
A Protocol for Collecting and Constructing Soil Core Lysimeters.

Leaching of nutrients from land applied fertilizers and manure used in agriculture can lead to accelerated eutrophication of surface water. Because the landscape has complex and varied soil morphology, an accompanying disparity in flow paths for leachate through the soil macropore and matrix structure is present. The rate of flow through these paths is further affected by antecedent soil moisture. Lysimeters are used to quantify flow rate, volume of water and concentration of nutrients leaching downward through soils. While many lysimeter designs exist, accurately determining the volume of water and mass balance of nutrients is best accomplished with bounded lysimeters that leave the natural soil structure intact. Here we present a detailed method for the extraction and construction of soil core lysimeters equipped with soil moisture sensors at 5 cm and 25 cm depths. Lysimeters from four different Coastal Plain soils (Bojac, Evesboro, Quindocqua and Sassafras) were collected on the Delmarva Peninsula and moved to an indoor climate controlled facility. Soils were irrigated once weekly with the equivalent of 2 cm of rainfall to draw down soil nitrate-N concentrations. At the end of the draw down period, poultry litter was applied (162 kg TN ha-1) and leaching was resumed for an additional five weeks. Total recovery of applied irrigation water varied from 71% to 85%. Nitrate-N concentration varied over the course of the study from an average of 27.1 mg L-1 before litter application to 40.3 mg L-1 following litter application. While greatest flux of nutrients was measured in soils dominated by coarse sand (Sassafras) the greatest immediate flux occurred from the finest textured soil with pronounced macropore development (Quindocqua).
The complications of urinary tract reconstruction.

AbstractWe reviewed 56 patients who underwent urinary tract reconstruction between 1977 and 1984. There were 27 total complications in this group, which ranged from straightforward undiversion to total bladder replacement. Complications were divided into preoperative planning errors and errors of surgical technique. The patients at greatest risk seemed to be those with compromised renal function who previously had undergone diversion for severe obstructive uropathic conditions and those in whom a bowel segment was an integral part of the reconstruction. Patients with adequate renal function in whom urothelium alone was used in the reconstruction experienced the fewest complications.
“Consent is Good, Joyous, Sexy”: A banner campaign to market consent to college students

ABSTRACTObjective: This study assessed the recall of, reaction to, and understanding of a brief campus banner campaign promoting consent in sexual relationships, and determined whether campaign exposure was associated with subsequent engagement in activities related to sexual assault education, awareness, and prevention. Participants: A stratified random sample of 1,200 undergraduates was recruited during fall of 2010; 628 (52.3%) participated. Methods: To account for history and maturation, an experimental research design was employed with an online survey. Results: Direct and indirect campaign exposure was associated with increased action. Students expressed primarily positive reactions to and appeared to understand the consent message. The campaign appealed to and was associated with increased activity among a wide range of students with one exception: a negative effect was observed for business students. Conclusions: Colorful banners with pithy, upbeat messages hold promise for engaging undergraduates...
Effect of Menthol-preferring Status on Response to Intravenous Nicotine.

OBJECTIVES Menthol, a flavoring agent, is found in approximately 90% of cigarettes, but at much higher levels in menthol than non-menthol cigarettes. Menthol is reportedly included in cigarettes for its cooling and soothing effects, but also additional actions that affect smokers' receipt and processing of nicotine. In this study we investigated the response to short-term abstinence and acute nicotine delivery in menthol-preferring and non-menthol-preferring smokers. METHODS Nicotine dependent participants (N = 134) participated in an intravenous nicotine delivery session following overnight smoking abstinence. Participants were intravenously administered a placebo and 2 escalating nicotine doses. We compare subjective and physiological responses to nicotine and smoking urges, withdrawal, and cognitive performance following overnight abstinence and post-nicotine between regular 'menthol' smokers and 'non-menthol' cigarette smokers. RESULTS Relative to non-menthol-preferring smokers, menthol-preferring smokers re a smaller reduction in smoking urges from overnight abstinence baseline to post-nicotine end-of-session and rated less subjective differences between nicotine doses. CONCLUSIONS Differences between menthol-preferring and non-menthol-preferring smokers' responses to abstinence or acute nicotine could reflect pre-existing individual differences that may have in initial development of menthol preferences, or could have arisen secondarily to pro use of menthol versus non-menthol cigarettes.
Marijuana and tobacco co-administration in blunts, spliffs, and mulled cigarettes: A systematic literature review.

Abstract Background Blunts and spliffs/mulled cigarettes combine marijuana and tobacco for co-administration (use at the same time, in the same product). Co-administration of marijuana and tobacco presents significant potential for nicotine exposure, and may lead to exclusive tobacco use patterns, nicotine addiction, and compounded health effects. No review articles have summarized the number and nature of studies published on these co-administered products. Methods Keywords “(blunt* OR spliff OR mull* OR joint) AND (tobacco OR smok* OR cigarette) AND (cannabis OR marijuana OR hashish)” were searched in the published literature. A total of 220 articles were considered for inclusion, 49 were reviewed by two independent qualitative coders, and 45 were included in this review. Results Of the 45 articles, most ( n = 27) of studies were observational or descriptive; ten were qualitative, five employed causal designs, and three were mixed methods. A majority of the studies assessed blunts; only 11 studies assessed spliffs/mulled cigarettes. Many studies focused on sub-populations of youth, males, and African Americans. Use of co-administered marijuana and tobacco products was associated with several indicators of problematic use patterns, including perceptions of less risk, dependence on nicotine and marijuana, and greater subjective effects related to marijuana. Conclusions Literature on marijuana and tobacco co-administration comes largely from qualitative and observational/descriptive studies. In addition to continued surveillance, experimental research that directly assesses the smoking patterns of co-administered marijuana and tobacco products as compared with to those of marijuana and tobacco only products is needed to determine the potential long-term health consequences of using blunts, spliffs, or other co-administered products.
Structure-based investigations of the effects of missense mutations associated with human disorders

H genome sequence differs among individuals and differences known as non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) can be responsible for many human diseases or cause the natural differences among the individuals by affecting the structure, function, interactions and other properties of expressed proteins. From computational standpoint the mono-genetic diseases resulting from missense mutations which affect the wild type characteristics of a specific protein are of specific interest. Using various cases of disorders, it is demonstrated that almost always the mutations do not directly affect the functional properties of the corresponding protein, but rather indirectly alter its wild type characteristics. In addition, it is indicated that disease causing mutations do not necessary destabilize protein stability or protein-protein interactions, but can be stabilizing and still be harmful. Overall, a detailed computational analysis combined with an analysis of the corresponding biological function is needed to make reasonable prediction of the disease association of missense mutations. Once the molecular mechanism of disease is revealed, the disease-causing effect can be targeted with small molecule binding.
Back-Channel, Depletion-Assisted, Gate-Induced Floating Body Effects in Cryogenically-Operated, 90 nm Strained Si SOI MOSFETs

The authors reported the floating body effects in 90nm partially-depleted, strained-silicon CMOS on SOI devices operating down to cryogenic temperatures. These devices also exhibit immunity to X-ray and proton irradiation without process hardening (Appaswamy et al, 2006) and thus are potentially suitable for space applications. One-to-one comparisons are made to conventional unstrained CMOS on SOI devices from the same 90 nm technology node
Deficiency of Bone Marrow Stromal Cx43 Expression Induces Hematopoietic Progenitor Homing Deficiency and Cell-Cycle Arrest of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Progenitors.

Contact between bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and osteoblast/stromal (OS) cells has been shown to be critical in the regulation of hematopoiesis. However, very little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of direct cell-to-cell communication in the hematopoietic microenvironment. BM cells are directly connected through gap junctions (GJs) which consist of narrow channels between contacting cells and are composed by connexins. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is expressed by BM OS cells. Multiple osteogenic defects have been reported in human Cx43 mutations and Cx43 has been shown to be essential in controlling osteoblast functions. Due to the perinatal death of Cx43 germline null mice, an interferon-inducible, conditional genetic approach (Mx1-Cre), expressed by both hematopoietic and stromal BM cells, was used to study the role of Cx43 in stem cell function. We have previously reported that Cx43 is critical for the interaction between stroma and HSC in CAFC assays (Cancelas J.A. et al., Blood 2000) and in adult hematopoiesis after 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration (Presley C, et al., Cell Comm. Adh., 2005). Here, we observed that after 5-FU administration, Cx43 expression is predominantly located in the endosteum. To study the role of stroma-dependent Cx43 in hematopoiesis, we developed hematopoietic chimeras by BM transplantation of wild-type Cx43 HSC into stromal Cx43-deficient mice. Stromal Cx43 deficiency induced a severe impairment of blood cell formation during the recovery phase after 5-FU administration compared to stromal Mx1-Cre-Tg wild-type controls (Table 1), as well as a significant decrease in BM cellularity (~60% reduction) and progenitor cell content (~83% reduction). Cell cycle analysis of 5-FU-treated BM progenitors from stromal Cx43-deficient mice showed an S-phase arrest (S phase: 63.5%; G2/M phase:
Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery

Multiple staging systems employed, stage affected by age (45). Cervical metastatic disease very common in papillary thyroid cancer, does not usually affect prognosis. Thyroid malignancy is usually treated surgically. Key to successful parathyroid adenoma is accurate preoperative localization. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay used at most centers to verify adequate treatment
Weakly Non-Local Solitary Waves

Abstract Williams and Wilson (1988) have shown that in their numerical model, the n = 1 equatorial Rossby solitons predicted by Boyd (1980) are long-lived, easily generated, and agree well with perturbation theory. However, solitary waves of higher latitudinal mode number are long-lived only for very small amplitude. To quote Williams and Wilson: “When an anticyclone of order n is overly strong, it stabilizes itself by shedding an anticyclone of order ( n - 2) - something the n = 1 mode cannot do.” The first goal of this work is to understand this radiative decay of higher mode equatorial solitary waves. It turns out that the n = 3 and higher modes are representatives of a new and as yet poorly understood class of nonlinear waves: “weakly non-local solitons.” The second goal of this study is a deeper understanding of these generalizations of ordinary solitary waves.
Key note: Integrated design-for-reliability for ICs

This paper reviews historical development of on-chip electrostatic discharging (ESD) protection designs for ICs. ESD failure is the biggest reliability challenge to ICs. On-chip ESD protection is the core for integrated design-for-reliability (iDfR), which is required for the advanced ICs and microsystems. This review discusses the past, current and future of on-chip ESD protection designs.
Abstract 14471: Benzene Exposure Is Associated With Increased CVD Risk, Hyperlipidemia, and Decreased Circulating Angiogenic Cells in Humans and Mice

Introduction: Benzene is present in tobacco smoke, gasoline exhaust and industrial emissions, and while benzene exposure is known to disrupt hematopoiesis, the cardiovascular effects of exposure ar...
Linkage Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Nearly three quarters of a century of statistical innovations have resulted from the development of methods to perform genetic linkage analysis in humans and other outbred organisms. Lionel Penrose was among the first investigators to develop methods that could be used to identify genetic linkages for quantitative traits. His methods predated the development of modern likelihood methods or wide acceptance of analysis of variance techniques. He initially sought to partition variance among sibs according to marker similarity [73], assuming particular modes of inheritance. His later publications provided approaches that could be applied for a range of potential inheritance patterns [74]. Oscar Kempthorne [53, 52] developed analysis of variance methods that form a basis for some linkage analytical approaches, building on the earlier work of Sir Ronald Fisher [37]. Fisher developed u-scores which form a basis for efficient score statistics for linkage analysis [38]. Many of the methods developed by these pioneers remain in use, with some modifications to allow their application in a modern era in which thousands of markers are available for analysis in extended families. This chapter reviews the statistical approaches that are now in use for linkage analysis of quantitative data. We first describe the data that we used to demonstrate methods of analysis. Then, we provide a statement of the genetic model and typical likelihood formulation that are applicable for pedigrees. Next, we discuss a variety of linkage methods that have been developed for model-free linkage analysis. Finally, we describe models for multivariate analysis.
Attractors for Incompressible Bipolar and Non-Newtonian Flows: Bounded Domains and Space Periodic Problems

From the existence and uniqueness theorems established in Chap. 4, both for the initial-boundary value problems, as well as for the space-periodic problems associated with nonlinear, incompressible, bipolar (μ 1 > 0) and non-Newtonian flow (μ 1 = 0), it follows that under appropriate sets of conditions one may show that the solution operator \(\boldsymbol{S}(t)\) yields a nonlinear semigroup; in this chapter we examine the behavior of the orbits of such semigroups as t → ∞. Our interest here is focused on the existence of maximal compact global attractors for bounded domains and space periodic problems.
Nonparametric change point detection in multivariate piecewise stationary time series

Detecting change points in multivariate time series is an important problem with numerous applications. We develop a nonparametric method to detect multiple change points in multivariate piecewise ...
The Importance of Family Planning as a Determinant of Spontaneous Fetal Loss in Women with Epilepsy: Findings of the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry (S37.003)

Objective: To assess whether family planning is a determinant of spontaneous fetal loss (SFL) in women with epilepsy (WWE). Background: Unplanned pregnancies carry increased risks for negative outcomes. Survey data suggest that the majority of pregnancies in WWE are unplanned. Design/Methods: The data come from 1144 WWE in the community, 18–47 years of age, who participated in the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry web-based survey that gathered demographic, epilepsy, antiepileptic drug (AED), contraceptive and reproductive data. We determined the risk ratio for SFL in non-aborted, unplanned versus planned pregnancies. We carried out binary logistic regression to determine modifiable predictors of SFL versus live birth. Results: The risk for SFL in 653 non-aborted pregnancies was greater for unplanned (137/391, 35.0%) than planned (43/262, 16.4%) pregnancies: RR = 2.14 (1.59–2.90), p 1 year (56/246, 22.8%): RR = 2.02 (1.49–2.72), p Conclusions: The findings suggest that unplanned pregnancies may double SFL in WWE and warrant prospective investigation. Study Supported by: Epilepsy Foundation and Lundbeck Disclosure: Dr Herzog has received research support from Lundbeck to develop the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry. Dr. Mandle has received research support from Lundbeck. Dr. MacEachern has received research support from Lundbeck. Dr. Hauser has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer, Ovation, Valiant as a consultant. Dr. Davis has nothing to disclose.
Political Culture, Change, and Security Policy in Nigeria

Demonstrating how political culture facilitates or distorts political preferences and political outcomes, this book explores how the historical development of social conditions and the current social structures shape understandings and constrain individual and collective actions within the Nigerian political system. Political Culture, Change, and Security Policy examines the extent to which specific norms and socialization processes within the political and civic culture abet corruption or the proclivity to engage in corrupt practices and how they help reinforce political attitudes and civic norms that have the potential to undermine the effectiveness of government. It also delineates specific doctrinal models and strategic framework essential to the development and implementation of Nigeria’s national security policy, as well as innovative approaches to national development planning. Professor Kalu N. Kalu offers an exhaustive study that integrates several quantitative models in addressing a series of theoretical and empirical questions that inform historical and contemporary issues of the Nigerian project. The general premise is that it is not enough to simply highlight the problems of the state and address the what question, we must also address the why and how questions that drive political change, policy preferences, and competing political outcomes.
Unlawful for a Jew? Acts 10:28 and the Lukan View of Jewish-Gentile Relations:

Most scholars read Peter's claim that it is unlawful for Jews to associate with Gentiles (Acts 10:28a) as an accurate statement on Jewish-Gentile relations according to Luke. However, Luke problema...
Recumbent stepping aerobic exercise in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a pilot study

Aerobic exercise can promote neuroplastic responses in the healthy and injured brain. Although the role of exercise in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is debated, new evidence suggests that exercise may reduce disease progression. While common exercise modalities such as the treadmill and cycle ergometer have been explored in ALS, the safety and feasibility of a total body recumbent stepper have not been investigated. Additionally, the functional and neurophysiological effects of recumbent stepping in ALS are still unknown. Here, we investigated the safety and feasibility of a 4-week recumbent stepping program to slow disease progression in ALS and possibly facilitate neuroplasticity. Nine individuals with ALS performed moderate intensity recumbent stepping for four weeks. Outcomes included participation satisfaction questionnaire, ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R), clinical tests of walking and endurance, fatigue severity scale, Beck depression inventory, SF-12, and transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs). All measurements were collected at baseline, post-intervention, and at the 1-month follow-up. Eight participants completed the study without any adverse events. The ALSFRS-R scores were similar at the end of the study and at follow-up. No significant differences were noted for any of the clinical outcomes. MEPs were present only in two participants and changes in corticomotor excitability after exercise were minimal. Results from this preliminary study support the safety and feasibility of 12 sessions of total body recumbent stepping in individuals with ALS.
EMANCIPAÇÃO SEM UTOPIA SUJEIÇÃO, MODERNIDADE E AS EXIGÊNCIAS NORMATIVAS DA TEORIA CRÍTICA FEMINISTA

RESUMO No presente texto Amy Allen discute qual concepcao de “emancipacao” seria compativel com uma analise complexa, diagnostica e explicativa da dominacao de genero contemporânea em seu entrelacamento com questoes de raca, classe, sexualidade e imperio. Allen explora esta questao a partir dos debates sobre sujeicao e modernidade para entao, apoiando-se em Michel Foucault, defender uma “concepcao negativista de emancipacao” como um caminho frutifero e produtivo para uma teoria critica feminista.
Raising the Spin of FeIII7 Disklike Clusters: The Power of Molecular Spin Frustration

Two clusters with a new type of FeIII7 disklike structure have been prepared; in contrast to other FeIII7 disks, they possess high ground-state spins (S = 15/2 and 21/2), which have been rationaliz...
TCT-799 A Pilot Study of Accelerated Radial Artery Hemostasis Following Percutaneous Transradial Coronary Angiography/Intervention, Utilizing a Novel Topical Hemostatic Agent in Conjunction With Surface Compression

Transradial angiography (TRA) is safe and efficacious, but hemostasis time remains variable and is often longer than necessary, contributing to radial artery occlusion (RAO), which occurs in 1% to 10% of patients. Hydrophobically modified (hm) chitosan is a novel formulation of an established