cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disparities in PET Imaging for Prostate Cancer at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center.

18F-fluciclovine and 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are novel PET imaging radiotracers used to characterize disease burden in biochemical recurrent prostate cancer. 18F-fluciclovine was FDA-approved in 2016 and is reimbursed through public and private payers, while 68Ga-PSMA-11 is considered investigational and accessed through clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the demographic differences between patients receiving 18F-fluciclovine and 68Ga-PSMA-11 at a tertiary academic medical center. Methods: All 18F-fluciclovine and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET studies performed at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) between October 2015 and January 2020 were reviewed. Age, race/ethnicity, primary language, body mass index, insurance type, and home address were obtained through the electronic medical record database. Home addresses were geocoded to Census Block Group and assigned to neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) using a previously described composite measure. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between each of the predictor variables and the type of PET imaging received. Results: This study included 1,756 patients; 1,502 patients received 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 254 patients received 18F-fluciclovine. Black patients had increased odds of receiving imaging with 18F-fluciclovine versus 68Ga-PSMA-11 compared to non-Hispanic white patients. (OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.90-7.91,). There were no statistically significant differences in other patient demographics between the two groups. Conclusion: In patients receiving molecular imaging for prostate cancer at a single U.S. tertiary medical center, access to 68Ga-PSMA-11 for Black patients was limited, compared to non-Hispanic white patients, by a factor of nearly four.
Are Nomograms Useful in Predicting Upstage From Ductal Carcinoma In Situ to Invasive Carcinoma Requiring Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

The upstage rate from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) on core biopsy to invasive carcinoma at definitive excision ranges from 20 to 30%. Nomograms have been developed to aid in the prediction of upstaging so as to guide surgical planning with respect to performance of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of these nomograms to predict upstaging within our public hospital population. A retrospective review of patients with DCIS from 2013 to 2018 at a single institution was performed. Individualized probability of upstage was calculated using the Samsung Medical Center (SMC) and Annals of Surgical Oncology (ASO) nomograms. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated to assess the discriminative power of each. Of 105 patients with DCIS, 31 (29.5%) were upstaged to invasive disease. The SMC and ASO nomograms demonstrated area under the curves (AUCs) of .65 (OR = 1.023, 95% CI 1.004-1.042, P = .02) and .60 (OR = 1.035, 95% CI 1.003-1.068, P = .03), respectively. While SMC provided greater discrimination in our cohort, the performance of these nomograms as reliable clinical adjuncts to guide SLNB decision-making in this cohort was less than optimal and thus should not be the sole factor in determining individual upstage risk.
IRTF/SPEX OBSERVATIONS OF THE UNUSUAL KEPLER LIGHT CURVE SYSTEM KIC 8462852

We have utilized the NASA/IRTF 3 m SpeX instrument's high-resolution spectral mode to observe and characterize the near-infrared flux emanating from the unusual Kepler light curve system KIC 8462852. By comparing the resulting 0.8–4.2 μm spectrum to a mesh of model photospheric spectra, the 6 emission line analyses of the Rayner et al. catalog, and the 25 system collections of debris disks we have observed to date using SpeX under the Near InfraRed Debris disk Survey, we have been able to additionally characterize the system. Within the errors of our measurements, this star looks like a normal solar abundance main-sequence F1V to F3V dwarf star without any obvious traces of significant circumstellar dust or gas. Using Connelley & Greene's emission measures, we also see no evidence of significant ongoing accretion onto the star nor any stellar outflow away from it. Our results are inconsistent with large amounts of static close-in obscuring material or the unusual behavior of a YSO system, but are consistent with the favored episodic giant comet models of a Gyr old stellar system favored by Boyajian et al. We speculate that KIC 8462852, like the ~1.4 Gyr old F2V system η Corvi, is undergoing a late heavy bombardment, but is only in its very early stages.
Effect of a Rotating and Swept Wingtip on Streamwise Gust Alleviation

Dynamic effects of wing planform changes are investigated with the goal of gust alleviation. Force measurements are done on a low-aspect-ratio high-angle-of-attack translating wing having a rectang...
Day-to-day variation in forage and mixed diets in commercial dairy farms in New York

ABSTRACT Objective We evaluated variation in sampling and analysis of forages and quantified day-to-day variation in silages and TMR in typical New York dairy farms. Materials and Methods Alfalfa-grass haylage and corn silage samples were collected daily from 7 dairies, for a total of 24 wk for haylage, 22 wk for corn silage, and 16 wk for TMR samples. Multiple samples also were collected at 4 dairies to evaluate both sampling and subsampling variation. Results and Discussion Based on SD, sampling for DM varied from actual DM by up to ±2 percentage units. Haylage was more variable than corn silage, likely due in part to variability of grass percentage within fields. The most practical parameter to measure for daily rebalancing of rations is DM, and DM had considerable day-to-day variability for haylage, with less variability for corn silage and TMR. Assuming a 7 percentage-unit threshold for a weekly range in DM is great enough to benefit from daily rebalancing, this threshold was exceeded 14% of weeks for corn silage, 25% of weeks for TMR, and 42% of weeks for haylage. A better understanding of day-to-day variability will help determine the accuracy required for on-farm silage moisture determinations. Implications and Applications Nutrient composition of fed rations differs from formulated rations due to day-to-day variation in DM concentration and nutrient composition of forages. Although providing excess feed likely will mitigate the effects of day-to-day silage variability, it not only increases feed costs but also is less environmentally acceptable.
Involving the Public: When are Surveys and Stakeholder Interviews Most Effective?

Scholars and practitioners alike advocate involving stakeholders in environmental decision-making, although there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of public involvement tools and the degree of public involvement in the decision-making process. Some researchers have gone a step further to promote the use of public surveys and stakeholder interviews as preferred means to include public concerns in environmental decision-making. However, there is little evidence about whether these public involvement tools are effective at representing public preferences, especially when there is a shortage of technical information to inform public opinion. This study examines the effectiveness of surveys and stakeholder interviews for assessing the District of Columbia's environmental problems in a comparative risk assessment. The findings suggest that these public involvement tools are less effective when there exists a shortage of technical data. Instead, more deliberative forms of public involvement may generate greater convergence of opinion regarding environmental problems.
On Bayes Decision Rule for Testing Multiple Hypotheses with Non-symmetric Alternatives

We consider a multiple hypotheses testing problem with directional alternatives in a decision theoretic framework. Considering non-symmetric alternative hypotheses, we show that the skewness in the alternatives permits the Bayes rule to make more correct discoveries than if the alternatives are symmetric. We obtain a Bayes rule under a Lebesgue prior (non-informative) subject to a constraint on mixed directional false discovery rate $${\varvec{mdFDR}} \le {\varvec{\alpha}}$$ . The proposed Bayes rule is compared through simulation against rules proposed by Benjamini and Yekutieli (J Am Stat Assoc 100(469):71–80, 2005) and Efron (Ann Stat 35(4):1531–1377, 2007; J Am Stat Assoc 102(477):93–103, 2007). We illustrate the proposed methodology for two sets of data from biological experiments: HIV-transfected cell-line mRNA expression data and a quantitative trait genome-wide SNP data set.
Notes on the Connecticut Yankee

Imagine a political cartoon threatening to spark an international incident. It is the mid-1950s, in Sarkhan, a fictional Southeast Asian coun try whose rural peasants farm with pre-industrial methods. While the Cold War threatens to go hot, American ambassador Louis Sears?Lucky Lou?awaits a federal judgeship back in the States. He can't speak Sarkhanese, neither can his staff, but he recog nizes communist propaganda, at least when it is aimed at his van ity: the cartoon depicts a man, "Lucky," whose sweaty round face has a mule's braying mouth. He has a leash on a gracefully built Sarkhanese man; a Coca-Cola sign is their destination. When word of the ambassador's anger emerges, local power brokers intervene, cajoling the newspaper's editor to print something that will prevent a diplomatic rift. The next day the Honorable Louis Sears reads an op-ed piece extolling the progress brought by the Americans, and is pacified. The Ugly American (1958) is growing dusty even on the shelves of the Peace Corps library, but a stereotype lives on, and a caricature by donkey emblemizes it. Here is the insensitive loudmouth, the jackass who is not merely culturally obtuse, but willful in his igno rance, the sacred workhorse in the coca-colanization of the world: the ugly American. In their introduction and "non-fiction epilogue," authors William Lederer and Eugene Burdick bend the fictional genre and insist repeatedly that the book's interlinked short stories are at root fac tual, every element drawn from interviews with members of the diplomatic corps and armed forces, and distilled into a series of tales principally for didactic reasons?to alert the American public to the dos and don'ts of international diplomacy; to galvanize a divided government into refocusing its recruitment and training; and so on. So heavy is the didacticism that no critique could begin elsewhere than with the transparent morals: learning the native language is good, ignoring indigenous ways and beliefs is bad,
JColorGrid: software for the visualization of biological measurements.

Background Two-dimensional data colourings are an effective medium by which to represent three-dimensional data in two dimensions. Such "color-grid" representations have found increasing use in the biological sciences (e.g. microarray 'heat maps' and bioactivity data) as they are particularly suited to complex data sets and offer an alternative to the graphical representations included in traditional statistical software packages. The effectiveness of color-grids lies in their graphical design, which introduces a standard for customizable data representation. Currently, software applications capable of generating limited color-grid representations can be found only in advanced statistical packages or custom programs (e.g. micro-array analysis tools), often associated with steep learning curves and requiring expert knowledge.
Radio observational constraints on pulsar emission mechanisms

A discussion is made of those observations that place constraints on the pulsar emission mechanism and its location in the pulsar magnetosphere. After reviewing the salient features of pulsar radiation, a number of issues are confronted, including (1) whether coherence is broadband or narrowband and, accordingly, (2) whether the emission frequency is mapped into radius and/or magnetic polar angle; and (3) whether pulse structure (micropulses and subpulses) represents angular or temporal structure. It is proposed that pulse nulling, mode changing, and quantized drift rates for subpulses are related to discrete states of the particle flow in polar cap models.
Chronic voluntary wheel running facilitates corticosterone response habituation to repeated audiogenic stress exposure in male rats

Voluntary exercise is associated with the prevention and treatment of numerous physical and psychological illnesses, yet the mechanisms by which it confers this protection remain unclear. In contrast, stress, particularly under conditions of prolonged or repeated exposure when glucocorticoid levels are consistently elevated, can have a devastating impact on health. It has been suggested that the benefits of physical exercise may lie in an ability to reduce some of the more deleterious health effects of stress and stress hormones. The present series of experiments provides evidence that voluntary exercise facilitates habituation of corticosterone but not adrenocorticotropin hormone responses to repeated stress presentations. After 6 weeks of running wheel access or sedentary housing conditions, rats were exposed to 11 consecutive daily 30 min presentations of 98 dB noise stress. Similar corticosterone responses in exercised rats and sedentary controls were observed following the first, acute stress presentation. While both groups demonstrated habituation of corticosterone secretory responses with repeated noise stress exposures, the rate of habituation was significantly facilitated in exercised animals. These results suggest that voluntary exercise may reduce the negative impact of prolonged or repeated stress on health by enhancing habituation of the corticosterone response ultimately reducing the amount of glucocorticoids the body and brain are exposed to.
Actin-binding proteins from Drosophila embryos: a complex network of interacting proteins detected by F-actin affinity chromatography

By using F-actin affinity chromatography columns to select proteins solely by their ability to bind to actin filaments, we have identified and partially purified greater than 40 proteins from early Drosophila embryos. These proteins represent approximately 0.5% of the total protein present in soluble cell extracts, and 2 mg are obtained by chromatography of an extract from 10 g of embryos. As judged by immunofluorescence of fixed embryos, 90% of the proteins that we have detected in F-actin column eluates are actin-associated in vivo (12 of 13 proteins tested). The distributions of antigens observed suggest that groups of these proteins cooperate in generating unique actin structures at different places in the cell. These structures change as cells progress through the cell cycle and as they undergo the specializations that accompany development. The variety of different spatial localizations that we have observed in a small subset of the total actin-binding proteins suggests that the actin cytoskeleton is a very complex network of interacting proteins.
Pattern selection with anisotropy during aluminum electropolishing

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of anisotropic interfacial energy on nanoscale pattern formation during the electropolishing of aluminum. We have derived the anisotropic evolution equation of the aluminum interface by including the effects of interfacial energy with cubic anisotropy. The special cases of [1 1 1], [1 1 0], and [1 0 0] directions are considered. A linear stability analysis was used to predict the growth rate at the maximum wave number, and a weakly nonlinear analysis was used to predict the type and stability of the patterns (i.e. hexagons or stripes). We find that increasing the interfacial energy can extend the stability range of hexagons. When the interfacial energy is high enough, only stable hexagons exist for the [1 1 1] and [1 0 0] directions. Previous studies have shown that electropolished [1 1 1] aluminum exhibits stable hexagons and stripes, depending on the alignment of the hexagonal array with respect to the crystal axes while [1 1 0] produces only striped patterns. For the [1 0 0] direction, anisotropy has no effect and an isotropic solution result. Our theoretical predictions agree qualitatively with the existing experiments.
The strategic potential of sequencing apologia stases: President Clinton's self‐defense in the Monica Lewinsky scandal

With today's advanced media capabilities and accessibility, scandal accusations tend to unfold across time and require an apologist's response before the accusations themselves are fully formed. Yet theories and critical studies of apologia tend to assume a single major apologetic opportunity to address a reasonably complete kategoria with a single primary audience and also assume that an apologist must choose decisively among the four stases of defense (i.e., fact, definition, jurisdiction, quality) to succeed. This essay proposes the notion of a progressive apologia that maintains options and shifts systematically among stases as kategoria gradually unfold. Using President Bill Clinton's response to the evolving Monica Lewinsky scandal across the course of more than a year to illustrate, we argue that featuring the stases in a particular progressive order (fact; then jurisdiction and definition; then finally quality), while maintaining sufficient ambiguity in each stage to preserve the viability of the ...
Processing of Damaged DNA Ends for Double-Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells

Most DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) formed in a natural environment have chemical modifications at or near the ends that preclude direct religation and require removal or other processing so that rejoining can proceed. Free radical-mediated DSBs typically bear unligatable 3′-phosphate or 3′-phosphoglycolate termini and often have oxidized bases and/or abasic sites near the break. Topoisomerase-mediated DSBs are blocked by covalently bound peptide fragments of the topoisomerase. Enzymes capable of resolving damaged ends include polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase, which restores missing 5′-phosphates and removes 3′-phosphates; tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterases I and II (TDP1 and TDP2), which remove peptide fragments of topoisomerases I and II, respectively; and the Artemis and Metnase endonucleases, which can trim damaged overhangs of diverse structure. TDP1 as well as APE1 can remove 3′-phosphoglycolates and other 3′ blocks, while CtIP appears to provide an alternative pathway for topoisomerase II fragment removal. Ku, a core DSB joining protein, can cleave abasic sites near DNA ends. The downstream processes of patching and ligation are tolerant of residual damage and can sometimes proceed without complete damage removal. Despite these redundant pathways for resolution, damaged ends appear to be a significant barrier to rejoining, and their resolution may be a rate-limiting step in repair of some DSBs.
Predictors of driving exposure and avoidance in a field study of older drivers from the state of Maryland.

Abstract Using structural equation modeling techniques, this study examines causal models of driving avoidance and exposure among older adults. Prior studies have revealed that past incidence of falls, Useful Field of View (UFOV ® ) test performance, and Trails Making test performance are predictive of subsequent motor vehicle crash involvement [ Owsley, C., Ball, K., McGwin Jr., G., Sloane, M.E., Roenker, D.L., White, M.F., Overley, E.T., 1998. Visual processing impairment and risk of motor vehicle crash among older adults. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 279 (14), 1083–1088 ; Sims, R.V., McGwin, G., Pulley, L., Roseman, J.M., 2001. Mobility impairments in crash-involved older drivers. J. Aging Health 13 (3), 430–438; Stutts, J.C., 1998. Do older drivers with visual and cognitive impairments drive less? J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 46, 854–861 ]. Data analyses used these indices, along with age, health, measures of physical functioning, and additional measures of cognitive functioning, to examine driving exposure and avoidance behaviors. A field sample of 4234 drivers, 55 years of age and older, were recruited from the Maryland Motor Vehicles Administration after renewing their driver's licenses. A performance-based assessment, which included the Gross Impairment Screening battery and task 2 of the UFOV ® test, was completed by participants. A sub-sample of participants ( n = 815) were interviewed by telephone about their health and mobility 3–6 months following the initial assessment at a renewal center. In addition to age and gender, latent variables for health status, physical functioning, cognitive functioning, driving exposure, and driving avoidance were created. Direct and indirect causal paths were specified. Age, gender, health status, and cognitive functioning had direct effects on both driving exposure and driving avoidance; physical functioning did not have a direct effect on driving exposure or avoidance. The implications of these findings are discussed as they relate to designing interventions to promote mobility.
DAB: Dynamic and Agile Buffer-Control for Streaming Videos on Mobile Devices

Abstract This paper studies the video buffer control for streaming video data to mobile devices. We target on the design challenge when the wireless link quality is dynamic due to the the environmental factors or user mobility. We develop a Dynamic and Agile buffor-control scheme, called DAB, that adaptively adjust the video buffer size based on the measurements of the signal strength (RSSI) and accelerometer on the smartphone. Our goal is to keep a smooth playback while delivery as little data as possible to the end-user in order to save bandwidth cost. We have implemented our solution on Android platform and evaluate it with experiments. Compared to the traditional video buffer scheme, our solution DAB significantly improves the performance in terms of the quality of playback and the buffer efficency.
η2-1,3-dimethyluracil complexes of pentaammineruthenium(II) and pentaammineosmium(II)

Abstract M(NH 3 ) 5 (DMU) 2+ complexes with M II = Ru II and Os II , DMU = 1,3-dimethyluracil have been prepared via Zn/Hg reduction of (NH 3 ) 5 RuCl 3 and (NH 3 ) 5 Os(tfms) 3 and characterized via 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse polarography. The upfield shifts of the C-5 and C-6 protons (1.2–2.0 ppm) or carbons (52 to 79 ppm) are similar to the shifts observed for olefin coordination to (NH 3 ) 5 M 2+ , M II = Ru II or Os II . The E 1 2 values for the III/II reduction potentials (Ru II complex, 0.98 V; Os II complex, 0.77 V) also indicate an olefinic η 2 -coordination at the C-5C-6 bond of DMU. Metallation of this bond produces a disruption of the aromaticity of the pyrimidine ring. This induces a steric interaction between M(NH 3 ) 5 2+ and the methylated nitrogen positions which is most important at N-3. The steric effect reduces the affinity of DMU relative to uridine binding at C-5C-6. The equilibrium constant for binding DMU is only c . 8 M −1 for the Ru II complex and 23 M −1 for the Os II complex such that both the free and bound forms of these complexes are readily detected by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and electrochemical methods. Labilization of trans -NH 3 in the (NH 3 ) 5 Ru(DMU) 2+ complex catalyzes formation of (NH 3 ) 4 Ru(H 2 O) 2 2+ and (NH 3 ) 4 (H 2 O)Ru(DMU) 2+ , yielding c . 30% of the tetraammine products in 20 h.
Charge-Shifting Cationic Polymers That Promote Self-Assembly and Self-Disassembly with DNA

Synthetic materials that assemble reversibly with polyanions under physiological conditions are of interest for a broad range of biotechnical applications. Cationic polymers are used widely as agents for the condensation of DNA, but polycations also introduce practical limitations in applications for which subsequent dissociation or disassembly of polycation/DNA complexes is desired. The design of cationic polymers that promote the release of associated DNA presents a challenge because it requires the introduction of functionality that is inherently opposed to that required for efficient DNA condensation. Here, we report the synthesis and biophysical characterization of linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI) functionalized with methyl ester side chains. The gradual hydrolysis of the ester functionality in these materials under physiologically relevant conditions results in a controlled reduction in cationic charge density and a change in the nature of the electrostatic interactions between the polymers and plas...
Ebola virus-like particle-induced activation of NF-κB and Erk signaling in human dendritic cells requires the glycoprotein mucin domain

Dendritic cells (DCs), important early targets of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection in vivo, are activated by Ebola virus-like particles (VLPs). To better understand this phenomenon, we have systematically assessed the response of DCs to VLPs of different compositions. VLPs containing the viral matrix protein (VP40) and the viral glycoprotein (GP), were found to induce a proinflammatory response highly similar to a prototypical DC activator, LPS. This response included the production of several proinflammatory cytokines, activation of numerous transcription factors including NF-kappaB, the functional importance of which was demonstrated by employing inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation, and activation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase. In contrast, VLPs constituted with a mutant GP lacking the heavily glycosylated mucin domain showed impaired NF-kappaB and Erk activation and induced less DC cytokine production. We conclude that the GP mucin domain is required for VLPs to stimulate human dendritic cells through NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways.
Residential supports for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

This article reviews the current and changing status of residential supports for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (ID/DD). It examines four major trends in those supports: (1) Decreasing use of larger institutions and increasing use of community housing; (2) Decreasing size among community settings; (3) Increasing numbers of people living in homes that they themselves own or rent; and (4) Decreasing out-of-home placements of children and youth. Within each trend the article provides a statistical description of the trend, its foundation in public policy, reviews the evidence of the trend's benefit to people with ID/DD, and identifies future challenges in sustaining the trend. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:151–159.
Study of flow in a smectic liquid crystal in the X-ray Surface Forces Apparatus

We describe the newly invented X-ray Surface Forces Apparatus (X-SFA) which allows the simultaneous measurement of forces and collective structures of confined complex fluids under static and flow conditions. The structure of the smectic liquid crystal 8CB (4-cyano-4{prime}-octylbiphenyl) confined between two mica surfaces with separation ranging from 4000 to 20,000 {angstrom} was measured. At small gaps and no shear, the smectic layers take on distinct stable orientations, including the bulk forbidden {open_quotes}b{close_quotes} orientation, which persist under low shear ({dot {gamma}} {<=} 30 s{sup -1}). However, at higher shear rates ({dot {gamma}} = 360 s{sup -1}), the shear acts to dramatically order and align the smectic layers into a single {open_quotes}a{close_quotes} orientation.
Group VI metal complexes of tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylborate: modulation of ligand donation via coordination of M(CO)3 units at the borate phenyl substituent

A series of d6 metal complexes of tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylborate ([PhB(CH2PPh2)3]−, PhBP3), including [Et4N][M(CO)3(PhBP3)] (M = Cr, Mo, W), inaugural group VI metal tris(phosphino)borate complexes, and zwitterionic Mn(CO)3(PhBP3) have been synthesized and fully characterized. An analysis of IR ν(CO) data for [Et4N][M(CO)3(PhBP3)] indicates that PhBP3 is significantly less strongly donating than Tp towards zerovalent M(CO)3 fragments; PhBP3 does not function as a strongly donating scorpionate in this system as its does towards cationic metal fragments suggesting that PhBP3 may not function as an effective surrogate of hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate towards zerovalent metals. While the metal centers of [Et4N][M(CO)3(PhBP3)] are very likely still more electron-rich than those of M(CO)3(triphos), the anions of [Et4N][M(CO)3(PhBP3)] do not provide robust oxidative addition products analogous to those of M(CO)3(triphos). A new bi-functional role for PhBP3 was investigated via the synthesis of seven structurally characterized bimetallics in which zerovalent M(CO)3 and monovalent [Mn(CO)3]+ fragments bind the three phosphine atoms and the borate phenyl substituent. IR ν(CO) data support modest attenuation of PhBP3 donor ability at phosphorus upon η6-phenyl substituent binding, representing a new inductive strategy for tuning tris(phosphino)phenylborate donation at the κ3-phosphine-bound metal fragment.
Cardiac ECV is more robust than post-contrast cardiac T1 for evaluating temporal changes in LV fibrosis.

Background Post-contrast cardiac T1 measurement has been reported to be correlated with interstitial fibrosis burden. However, post-contrast cardiac T1 can also be influenced by a variety of confounders, including: cardiac function, renal function, hematocrit, magnetic field strength, contrast agent type and dosage, and specific delayed imaging time after contrast agent administration. To compensate for these confounders, investigators have proposed to measure extracellular volume (ECV). Despite the advantages of ECV over cardiac T1, systematic studies comparing the two measurements are lacking [1]. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of post-contrast cardiac T1 and ECV for evaluating the temporal changes in left ventricular (LV) fibrosis in an established canine model with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF)[2].
Distribution Statement A Approved for Public Release: Release is Unlimited; Precedence-based Assured Services (PBAS) - Analysis Model

Precedence-based Assured Services (PBAS) is defined in a simple term as "PBAS ensures that when a network is stressed, higher precedence messages will receive their QoS with higher probability than lower precedence messages." [ 1]. PBAS allows messages and traffic flows in the GIG to be processed according to their precedence requirements. This paper introduces some of the functional roles and capabilities of data, control and management planes for PBAS solution. This paper also addresses key points of the analysis models and their functionalities and requirements for different time frames. IPv4 and IPv6 protocol issues with different underlying layer 2 architectures are studied. A new Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) code points and the protocol flow is designed and proposed.
A 2.4 GHz Multi-Channel FBAR-based Transmitter With an Integrated Pulse-Shaping Power Amplifier

A 2.4 GHz TX in 65 nm CMOS defines three channels using three high-Q FBARs and supports OOK, BPSK and MSK. The oscillators have -132 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1 MHz offset, and are multiplexed to an efficient resonant buffer. Optimized for low output power ≈ - 10 dBm, a fully-integrated PA implements 7.5 dB dynamic output power range using a dynamic impedance transformation network, and is used for amplitude pulse-shaping. Peak PA efficiency is 44.4% and peak TX efficiency is 33%. The entire TX consumes 440 pJ/bit at 1 Mb/s.
Institutional Effects on State Behavior: Convergence and Divergence

We develop a new typology for examination of the effects of international institutions on member states' behavior. Some institutions lead to convergence of members' practices, whereas others result, often for unintended reasons, in divergence. We hypothesize that the observed effect of institutions depends on the level of externalities to state behavior, the design of the institution, and variation in the organization and access of private interests that share the goals of the institution. We illustrate these propositions with examples drawn from international institutions for development assistance, protection of the ozone layer, and completion of the European Union's internal market. We find that significant externalities and appropriately designed institutions lead to convergence of state behavior, whereas divergence can result from the absence of these conditions and the presence of heterogeneity in domestic politics.
Quantum field theory, Grassmannians, and algebraic curves

This paper is devoted in part to clarifying some aspects of the relation between quantum field theory and infinite Grassmannians, and in part to pointing out the existence of a close analogy between conformal field theory on Riemann surfaces and the modern theory of automorphic representations. Along the way we develop a multiplicative analog of the usual additive Ward identities of current algebra. We also reformulate the additive Ward identities in a way which may be useful, in terms of the residues of operator-valued differential forms. A concluding section is devoted to some remarks on string field theory. In an appendix, we attempt to clarify the recent construction by Beilinson, Manin, and Schechtman of what might be called global Virasoro algebras.
Making Sense of Multiple Informants in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology: A Guide for Clinicians

Behavior ratings and self-report measures of child and adolescent psychopathology are often used to explore the types and extent of psychological disorders in youth. Yet a review of the literature suggests that parent, teacher, and self-report of psychopathology are not generally highly correlated. Moreover, even among the same type of rater (e.g., parents), there is often very little concordance in ratings. Although there is a substantial literature related to the circumstances under which different informants can be expected to correlate, there is little to guide psychologists in clinical decision making. The present article briefly reviews issues related to both rater and child characteristics that affect the quality and utility of their ratings. The child characteristics of age, setting, and type of problem and the relationship of these to rating quality are highlighted. Last, suggestions are made about which rater should be given the most weight and when.
The Theoretical Basis for Nurse‐Midwifery Practice in the United States: A Critical Analysis of Three Theories

The relatively recent effort of midwifery scholars has resulted in the development of three middle-range midwifery theories in the United States. This article examines the three theoretical models that have been developed to describe the essential components of midwifery practice. The three theorists demonstrate remarkable consistency in the identification of concepts important to the discipline, which includes the following essential characteristics of the midwifery paradigm of care: 1) acknowledgment of connections between the mind and body and the person to the person's life and world; 2) assuming the perspective of the woman to investigate meaning and her experience of symptoms or conditions, so that a plan of care is developed by midwife and woman together; and 3) protection and nurturance of the "normal" in processes related to women's health, implying a judicious use of technology and intervention.
Relating structural properties and oxygen content to the electronic and magnetic states of (Eu1.5−xPrxCe0.5)Sr2Cu2NbO10-δ

Abstract Structural parameters, phase purity, and oxygen stoichiometry for the (Eu 1.5−x Pr x Ce 0.5 )Sr 2 Cu 2 NbO 10-δ system are studied using X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, and thermogravimetric analysis. Relationships between these properties and the suppression of T c and unusual magnetism in these materials are examined.
Thermal comfort in an era of energy shortage

Human thermal comfort rests upon the interaction between six key factors, four from the environment and two regulated by the individual and his job. The ambient environmental factors include air temperature, air motion, vapor pressure, and the mean radiant temperature of the surroundings, while the heat production and clothing of the human are the individual factors. A body of studies, largely encouraged by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers over the past decade, has led to the recognition of such trade-offs as that changing air motion by 0.18 m/s (35 ft/m) roughly corresponds to a change of 1°C (1.8°F) in comfort temperature; a change of 36 percent relative humidity similarly corresponds to a 1°C (1.8°F) change, as does a change of 1°C (1.8°F) in mean radiant temperature. These trade-offs only operate within finite limits. Greater potentials for enhancement of thermal comfort and energy conservation are associated with regulation of the two key factors controlled by the occupant of the space. Increasingly since the 1940s, we have been substituting machines for manual labor and are less active, yet a heat production increase of 50 W by the individual allows comfort temperature to drop by 3°C (5.4°F). The clothing worn by the individual has also been decreasing from the 1940s, when the average office business clothing provided 1.0 clo unit of thermal insulation; today, the average office wear provides less than 0.6 clo of insulation. The 0.4 clo difference in clothing insulation represents a change in the comfort temperature of about 2.2°C (4°F); that is from the 20°C (68°F) average acceptable low thermostat setting of our childhood to the 22.2°C (72°F) low accepted today (pre-OPEC). Looking to the future, economics alone forecasts a return to the heavier clothing of our grandparents (with 1.0 kg of clothing providing about 2.0 clo) as the most feasible offset to diminishing energy sources and their increasing costs.
Diffusion restriction in the human spinal cord characterized in vivo with high b-value STEAM diffusion imaging.

Abstract Restricted or hindered motion of water across axonal membranes as characterized with diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging may be a potential marker of axonal damage in white matter (WM) injury due to trauma, neurodegeneration, or other causes. This study sought to determine whether high b-value DW imaging with a stimulated echo (STEAM) sequence could improve the spatially resolved assessment of tissue architecture in the human spinal cord in vivo. Diffusion times from 76 ms to 1000 ms and b-values of up to 14,750 s/mm2 were used to acquire axial DW images in six healthy volunteers, and four additional healthy volunteers were studied with a protocol focused on high b-value, higher-resolution imaging. Mono-exponential, diffusional kurtosis, and mono-exponential with an additive constant (MEC) models were fit individually to diffusion decay curves obtained at different diffusion times. Diffusion restriction, characterized with the diffusional kurtosis and MEC models, was measured more precisely using higher b-value ranges. DW images at high b-value and fitting parameters using the large range of b-values available at the diffusion time of 1000 ms demonstrated signal and restriction differences between gray and white matter and even across white matter regions. These white matter differences may reflect variations in axonal density, diameter, or alignment. We conclude that high b-value DW imaging with a STEAM sequence on a conventional clinical scanner can provide accurate measures of diffusion hindrance and restriction in human spinal cord in vivo.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF TIME-DEPENDENT VISCOUS FLOWS UTILIZING AN IMPLICIT MIXED INTERPOLATION ALGORITHM WITH A FRONTAL SOLUTION TECHNIQUE

Abstract A finite element algorithm is described which implements the Galerkin approximation to the Navier-Stokes equations and incorporates five predominate features. Although none of these five features is unique to this algorithm, their orchestration, as described in this paper, results in an algorithm which is not only easy to implement but also stable, accurate, and robust, as well as computationally efficient. The zero stress natural boundary condition is implemented which permits calculation of the outflow velocity distribution. A nine-node, Lagrangian, isoparametric, quadrilateral element is used to represent the velocity while the pressure uses a four-node, Lagrangian, superparametric element coincident with the velocity element. The easily implemented, computationally efficient frontal solution technique is used to assemble the element coefficient matrices, impose the boundary conditions, and solve the resulting linear system of equations. An implicit backward Euler time integration rule provides a very stable solution method for time-dependent problems. A Picard scheme with a relatively large radius of convergence is used for iteration of the nonlinear equations at each time step. Results are given for the calculation of two-dimensional, steady- state and time-dependent convection dominated flows of viscous incompressible fluids.
The adsorption of oxygen on Fe(110) in the temperature range of 90 to 920 K

Auger spectroscopy and quantitative adsorption studies, using a calibrated O2 beam, have been utilized to study the adsorption of O2 on atomically clean Fe(110) in the temperature range of 90 to 920 K. Quantitative correlations between Auger measurements and adsorption uptake measurements have been demonstrated. Depending on the adsorption temperature and oxygen exposure, various iron oxide species are observed. In addition, phase transformations between the various iron oxide phases are observed and can be correlated with the migration of iron through the iron oxide layers formed on the Fe(110) surface. No thermal desorption products were detected from OFe(110) layers in the temperature range of 90 to 1050 K.
Geodetic and oceanographic results from the analysis of 1 year of Geosat data

The radial error model of Engelis (1987) is extended using the altimeter data obtained by the Geosat Exact Repeat Mission for simultaneous measurements of the stationary sea surface topography and geopotential coefficients. It is shown that the proper utilization of the Geosat altimeter data significantly improved the quality of field modeling at wave numbers by providing, simultaneously, the solution for improved orbits and the oceanographic information on the global scale. A new set of Geosat geophysical data records with the improved orbits was created, which also contains the values of the geoid undulation computed from a recent spherical harmonic expansion to degree 360.
Erythropoietic radiosensitivity of the rat during altitude acclimatization.

The effect of a sublethal dose (300 R) of X-radiation upon the erythropoietic system of the rat, during 60-day acclimatization to moderate hypoxia (3,800 m altitude), was studied. Past work has shown that hypoxic animals are damaged less by radiation than animals irradiated in a normal environment; therefore, it was postulated that if, after acclimatization to hypoxia the bone marrow oxygen tension returns to sea-level values, these animals should suffer radiation damage equivalent to animals at sea level. The principal parameters followed were the rate of depletion of injected Fe-59 from the plasma of chronically catheterized rats, and its subsequent reappearance in the circulating erythrocytes. After 20 days of acclimatization, both parameters for altitude-irradiated animals returned to the values of animals irradiated at sea level, previously having reflected increased erythropoiesis. In altitude nonirradiated animals the parameters indicated erythropoietic stimulation persisting up to 45 days acclimatization. The protective effect of the hypoxia on the stem cells vanished during acclimatization, presumably as cellular oxygen tension rose.
Non-enzymatically glycosylated serum protein in diabetes mellitus: An index of short-term glycaemia

We measured non-enzymatically-glycosylated serum protein by a colorimetric assay in 107 diabetic and 82 control subjects. The mean level in diabetics was more than twice that in controls. Cross sectional and longitudinal studies in diabetic patients showed that glycosylated serum protein levels correlated with both fasting serum glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels. The correlation between glycosylated serum protein and fasting serum glucose was closer in Type 2 than in Type 1 diabetes. Treatment aimed at improving control in eight poorly controlled diabetic patients resulted in a 37% mean fall in glycosylated serum protein within one week, whereas glycosylated haemoglobin decreased only 8%. These studies confirm that non-enzymatic glycosylation of serum proteins is enhanced in diabetes. Measurement of glycosylated serum protein appears to provide an index of glycaemia over the preceding several days. It has the advantage of detecting improvements in glycaemic control much sooner than does glycosylated haemoglobin measurement.
Use of viral insecticides for pest control and production in cell culture

This review discusses a number of issues relevant to the production and use of baculoviruses for pest control. Following this review, patents pertaining to baculovirus use in pest control are summarized.
Simple radix-4 division with operands scaling

A radix-4 division algorithm with operands scaling is proposed. The algorithm uses a recurrence with redundant addition (carry-save or signed-digit) and combines simple scaling with a quotient-selection function that depends only on the estimate of the partial remainder and is independent of the divisor. The scheme results in a significant speedup with respect to both the radix-2 and radix-4 without scaling. >
Optical spectroscopy of single quantum dot molecules under applied electric field

Abstract The photoluminescence spectrum of individual pairs of vertically stacked InAs quantum dots is investigated as a function of an external electric field along the growth direction. Comparing samples with different inter-dot distances, we find for the case of the closest pairs clear experimental evidences of single carrier transfer from one dot to the other, with a transfer rate that is controlled by the applied voltage. We model the spectra with a theoretical calculation, which takes into account both the field-dependent carrier kinetics and the many-body interactions in the quantum dot molecule.
Boron Fertilization of Bentgrass

Although many states recommend boron (B) fertilizer for fiber, fruit, and vegetable crops, information about B fertilization of turfgrasses is lacking. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of B fertilization on clipping yield, shoot production, and turf color in a creeping bentgrass [Agrostis palustris Huds. [= A. stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.]} putting green. Both greenhouse and field studies were conducted, with B added at rates of 0, 1, 2, and 3 mg kg -1 B in the greenhouse study, and rates of 0, 1.1, 2.2, and 4A kg B ha -1 in the field study. Bentgrass in the greenhouse study was grown in a sand and peat mix, while bentgrass in the field study was grown on a native soil (loamy sand) putting green. Studied bentgrass cultivars were Penn A2, Penn G1, Penn G6, SR1020, Dominant, L-93, Crenshaw, and Penncross. In the greenhouse study, dry weight of bentgrass shoots increased as B rate increased. In the field study, in one year of two, B uptake by bentgrass increased as B rate increased. Dry weight of clippings, thatch depth, shoot density, and turf color were unaffected by B fertilization, indicating that B fertilization in the loamy sand soil was not needed. Increases in shoot dry weight observed in the greenhouse study suggest that further study of B fertilization of bentgrass in sand-based greens might be warranted.
Robust prediction and interpolation for vector stationary processes

Robust multivariate prediction and interpolation problems for statistically contaminated vector valued second order stationary processes are considered. The statistical contamination is modeled by requiring that the spectral density matrices of the processes lie within certain nonparametric classes. Both prediction and interpolation are then formalized as games whose saddle point solutions are sought. Finally, such solutions are found and analyzed, for two specific multivariate spectral classes.