cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review of maintenance of response to psoriasis treatments.

AbstractBackground: Biologics are highly effective treatments for moderate-severe psoriasis with a high percentage of patients achieving 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI75) at 12 weeks. However, psoriasis is a chronic disease, and long-term efficacy is critical.Objective: Long-term responses of systemic psoriasis treatments and how this effect is reported.Methods: A PubMed literature was performed to identify studies describing long-term response rates to available systemic psoriasis treatments. Within these studies, we examined how maintenance rates were reported. All studies with long-term efficacy data ranging from 24 to 244 weeks were considered.Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. When comparing medications at 1 year, response rates among the initial treatment groups were best with secukinumab (65.2%) and worst with apremilast (18.7%). Among only initial responders at 10–16 weeks who received 1 year of continuous treatment, maintenance was best with adalimumab (...
Improved Shock Tube Measurement of the CH4 + Ar = CH3 + H + Ar Rate Constant using UV Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy of CH3.

We report an improved measurement for the rate constant of methane dissociation in argon (CH4 + Ar = CH3 + H + Ar) behind reflected shock waves. The experiment was conducted using a sub-parts per million sensitivity CH3 diagnostic recently developed in our laboratory based on ultraviolet cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy. The high sensitivity of this diagnostic allowed for measurements of quantitatively resolved CH3 time histories during the initial stage of CH4 pyrolysis, where the reaction system is clean and free from influences of secondary reactions and temperature change. This high sensitivity also allowed extension of our measurement range to much lower temperatures (<1500 K). The current-reflected shock measurements were performed at temperatures between 1487 and 1866 K and pressures near 1.7 atm, resulting in the following Arrhenius rate constant expression for the title reaction: k(1.7 atm) = 3.7 × 1016 exp(−42 200 K/T) cm3/mol·s, with a 2σ uncertainty factor of 1.25. The current data are ...
Surface characterization of nanostructured 'black silicon' using impedance spectroscopy

In this work, we utilize electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to study the electronic characteristics of nanostructured silicon (Si) fabricated using the metal-assisted chemical etched (MACE) process. The nanostructured Si fabricated using the MACE process results in a density graded surface that reduces the broadband surface reflection of Si making it appear almost black, which coins it the name ‘black Si’ (bSi). We study two bSi samples prepared using varying MACE times (20s and 40s) and a reference bare silicon sample using EIS between 1 MHz and 1 Hz frequencies. At an illumination intensity created with the use of a tungsten lamp source calibrated to output an intensity of 1-Sun (1000 W/m 2 ), the impedance behavior at bias potentials in both the forward and reverse bias ranging between -1 V and 1 V are studied. We also study the effect of illumination wavelength by using bandpass filters at 400 nm and 800 nm. The results indicate that the charge transfer resistance (R ct ) decreases as the surface roughness of the electrodes increases and as the illumination wavelength increases. We also find that the constant phase element (CPE) impedance of the electrodes increases with increasing surface roughness. These results will guide our future work on high efficiency bSi solar cells.
Enhanced Recovery of Plesiomonas shigelloides following an Enrichment Technique1

Enrichment techniques using five broths (gram-negative broth, alkaline peptone water, tetrathionate broth without iodine and two Plesiomonas broths) were compared to direct plating methods using freshwater samples to determine their ability to increase the isolation rate of Plesiomonas shigelloides , a suspected food and waterbome pathogen. Tetrathionate broth consistently gave significantly (p<0.05) greater recovery of P. shigelloides than the other four broths tested as well as by direct plating. Incubation of the enrichment broths at 40°C also resulted in significantly higher recovery of Plesiomonas than at 35°C. It is therefore suggested that for routine monitoring of P. shigelloides , tetrathionate broth incubated at 40°C be used for enrichment before plating.
Der Roman Seltsame Schleife von Rolf Niederhauser als transkulturelle Vernetzung von Stimmen

Rolf Niederhausers transkultureller Roman Seltsame Schleife (2014), ist ein anspruchsvolles, lobend rezensiertes Buch, in dem vielsprachige Stimmen von allen Seiten des sozialen und geographischen Spektrums und auf allen Seiten globale Raume durchbohren und als reflektiertes Echo in einer eigenwilligen Erzahlsprache widerhallen, was der Protagonist in ein Notebook eingetragen hatte. Der Schweizer Schriftsteller, Rolf Niederhauser, hatte rund zwanzig Jahre gebraucht um in eine Narrative umzusetzen, was er sowohl gehort, erfahren, wie auch gelesen hatte. Er wohnte und arbeitete wahrend diesem Entstehungsprozess fur langere Zeit in den USA und in Sudamerika. Der aus diesen transkulturellen Lebenserlebnissen entstandene Roman Seltsame Schleife ist sicherlich eines der markantesten Bucher zum Thema Globalisierung und Transkulturalitat in der zeitgenossischen, deutschsprachigen Schweizer Literatur. Diese These soll nun in diesem Beitrag untersucht werden.
Error probability analysis for LDA-Bayesian based classification of Alzheimer's disease and normal control subjects

This paper provides a theoretical analysis on the classification accuracy of LDA-Bayesian based method with respect to the data sample size in brain connectivity analysis. More specifically, we show that when the sample size increases, both the classification error probability and its upper bound decreases monotonically. However, we also show that due to the model limitation of the Bayesian classifier, the classification error probability is actually lower bounded as well, which implies that the error probability actually converges to a non-zero constant even if the data sample size tends to infinity. Our analysis is demonstrated through fMRI based numerical results.
Abstract 3797: Patients with Diabetes and Previous Ischemic Strokes in the National Institute of NINDS trial

Background and Purpose Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of morbidity in the United States. Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) given within 4.5 hours from symptom onset has shown to improve outcomes. The ECASS III trial, which helped to extend the time window for thrombolysis, had specific exclusion criteria. One of these exclusions was patients who had a past medical history of both previous diabetes (DM) and an ischemic stroke. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the impact of a previous history of both DM and an ischemic stroke on outcome in patients in the NINDS trial. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of the NINDS database. Subjects with a previous history of both DM and an ischemic stroke were identified. Baseline characteristics were analyzed for any difference between the two groups. The outcome measures included symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) as defined by NINDS criteria, and 90 day NIHSS, mRS and death. The statistical analysis was performed using a two sample median test and a Fisher’s exact test. Results: Thirty four individuals were identified with a previous history of DM and ischemic stroke. Fifteen (4.8%) were in the treatment group and 19 (6.1%) were in the placebo group. The median age in those treated with rt-PA was 74.6 years compared to 61.9 years in those who received placebo (p=0.02). The median systolic blood pressure was 178mmHg in the treated group versus 150mmHg in the placebo group (p=0.02). There was no difference between the baseline NIHSS. The rt-PA treated patients had a sICH rate of 6.67% compared to 5.26% in the placebo group (p=0.70). The median NIHSS at 90 days was 5 in the treated group and 3.5 in the placebo group (p=0.26). The median 90 day mRS was 4 in the rt-PA group and 2 in the placebo group (p=0.29). Four (26.7%) of treated patients died compared to 3(15.8%) of patients in the placebo group (p=0.67). Conclusion: Subjects in the NINDS trial who had the past medical history of both DM and an ischemic stroke were older and had a higher blood pressure in the treatment arm. There was no difference in the sICH rate between both groups. There was no difference in the outcomes of both groups. This study is limited by its retrospective nature and the small sample size of the sub-group.
Drug-Induced Hypersomnolence

Daytime somnolence is among the most commonly reported drug side effects. The United States has the highest rate of motor vehicular accident (MVA) deaths with sedating drug use a factor in more than 30%. Sedating drug use extends beyond drugs of abuse to sedating medications. This paper presents pharmacodynamics, performance and driving tests, and MVAs for somnolence inducing agents classified as hypnotics, sedatives, and/or sedation as a side effect. This classification, based on the drug tendency to induce next-day sedation after nighttime use, can be cogently used by prescribers, pharmacists, regulatory agencies, and in direct to consumer marketing.
Incompletely obliterated cranial arteriovenous fistulae are safely and effectively treated with adjuvant ε-aminocaproic acid

Background Administration of e-aminocaproic acid (eACA), as adjuvant therapy following incompletely embolized cranial dural arteriovenous (dAVFs) and direct carotid artery to cavernous sinus fistulae (CCFs), is a strategy to promote post-procedural thrombosis. However, the efficacy of eACA to treat incompletely obliterated dAVFs and CCFs has not been published. The purpose of this study was to determine if administration of eACA following incomplete embolization of cranial dAVFs or CCFs was associated with an increased likelihood of cure on follow-up imaging compared with patients not given adjuvant eACA. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed. All patients who underwent treatment of a dAVF or CCF at our institution between 1998 and 2016 were reviewed (n=262). Patients with residual shunting following the first attempted endovascular embolization were included in the analysis (n=52). The study groups were those treated with eACA following incomplete obliteration of the fistula and those who were not. The primary outcome was obliteration of the fistula on initial follow-up imaging. Complication rates between cohorts were compared. Results 20 (38%) patients with incompletely obliterated fistulae were treated with adjuvant eACA. A trend towards an improved rate of complete obliteration on initial follow-up imaging was observed in the group treated with eACA (55% vs 34% in the group not treated with eACA, p=0.14). No difference in clinical outcomes or thromboembolic complications was observed between the groups. Conclusions In summary, these data suggest that administration of eACA is a safe adjuvant therapy in the management of cranial dAVFs and CCFs that are incompletely treated endovascularly.
Teaching Critical Color Concepts through an Online Learning Module

An online teaching module for a sophomore level course titled Computer Aided Textile Design and Color Studio was developed. Students who take the course are studying Textile Design or Fashion Design, though the teaching module is much more broadly applicable to any area of fashion and textiles. In the course, students build on a fundamental understanding of color theory from their first-year studios to learn about using color in designing textiles
Dahlerup, Drude (ed.) 2018. Has Democracy Failed Women? Cambridge: Polity Press, 144 pp., $12.95 (paperback). ISBN: 9781509516377 Evans, Mary (ed). 2017. The Persistence of Gender Inequality. Cambridge: Polity Press, 200 pp., $22.95 (paperback). ISBN: 9780745689920

These two small books pack a big wallop. Both Dahlerup and Evans raise pertinent questions about the potential and limits of descriptive representation (the number of women in assemblies, parliamen...
Numerical Modeling and Flow Visualization in the Gradient Freeze Configuration During Centrifugation

A visualization system was used for observation of convection in water in the gradient freeze configuration during centrifugation with a 1.6-m radius arm. Without centrifugation, the usual axisymmetric flow pattern with a toroidal vortex near the bottom of the test cell was observed. With centrifugation at low rotation rates, the flow was primarily rotational about the cell’s vertical axis. Centrifugation also modified the bottom toroidal vortex. As the rotation rate was increased, this vortex became asymmetric and was pushed toward the bottom. A flow pattern transition occurred at about 25 rpm with a flat bottom and at ~30 rpm with concave bottoms. There was a slight minimum in the horizontal velocity 3 mm above concave bottoms at about 35 rpm, and at ~20 rpm with a flat bottom.
Food immunotherapy for children with food allergies: state of the art and science

Purpose of reviewThis review examines the current literature and provides insight into the role of food immunotherapy in the management of food-allergic children. Key food immunotherapy trials, benefits, and risks of the intervention, as well as areas requiring further study are all discussed.Recent
Adaptive Sensor Bias Estimation in Nine Degree of Freedom Inertial Measurement Units: Theory and Preliminary Evaluation

Nine degrees of freedom (DOF) inertial measurement units (IMUs) comprised of three-axis magnetometers, three-axis accelerometers, and three-axis angular rate sensors are commonly used in attitude and heading reference systems (AHRSs). Two classes of AHRSs exist: systems that estimate true-North heading and systems that estimate magnetic-North heading. True-North heading AHRSs require high-end angular rate sensors which are sensitive enough to dynamically estimate Earth-rate (typically fiber-optic and ring-laser gyros), while magnetic-North AHRSs employ gyros that are not sensitive enough to dynamically estimate Earth-rate (i.e. all MEMS gyros). Thus, magnetic-North AHRSs employ magnetometers for estimating heading. This paper will focus on this class of magnetic-North AHRSs. These systems fuse IMU measurements to generate estimates of the instrument's roll, pitch, and magnetic heading. However, their accuracy is limited by sensor measurement bias that is unknown a priori. Hence, accurate sensor bias estimation and compensation is essential for true attitude estimation. This paper reports a novel adaptive sensor bias observer for sensor measurement biases in 9-DOF IMUs. The algorithm requires smaller angular movements of the instrument than other reported sensor bias calibration methods, does not require a priori knowledge of local fields like the local magnetic field or the local gravity vector, and does not require knowledge of the attitude of the instrument. Stability proofs, preliminary simulations, and a full-scale vehicle experimental evaluation are reported.
New Evidence of Skin Color Bias and Health Outcomes Using Sibling Difference Models: A Research Note

In this research note, we use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to determine whether darker skin tone predicts hypertension among siblings using a family fixed-effects analytic strategy. We find that even after we account for common family background and home environment, body mass index, age, sex, and outdoor activity, darker skin color significantly predicts hypertension incidence among siblings. In a supplementary analysis using newly released genetic data from Add Health, we find no evidence that our results are biased by genetic pleiotropy, whereby differences in alleles among siblings relate to coloration and directly to cardiovascular health simultaneously. These results add to the extant evidence on color biases that are distinct from those based on race alone and that will likely only heighten in importance in an increasingly multiracial environment as categorization becomes more complex.
Three dimensional innervation zone imaging in spastic muscles of stroke survivors.

Objective The outcome of botulinum toxin (BTX) therapy of post-stroke spasticity relies largely on accuracy of BTX injection to the proximity of innervation zones (IZs). Recently developed three-dimensional IZ imaging (3DIZI) is the only technique currently available to provide 3D distributions of IZs in vivo, yet its performance has not been validated under pathological conditions. Approach The performance of 3DIZI was evaluated in the spastic biceps brachii muscles of four chronic stroke subjects. High-density surface electromyography (sEMG) and intramuscular electromyography (iEMG) were simultaneously recorded. The IZ location in the 3D space of the spastic biceps calculated using the 3DIZI technique from sEMG recordings were compared against the IZ location detected using intramuscular wires. Main results 3DIZI successfully reconstructed the IZs in the 3D space of the spastic biceps of all four stroke subjects, with a localization error of 4.7 ± 2.7 mm, and specifically a depth error of 1.8 ± 0.4 mm. Significance Results have demonstrated the robust performance of 3DIZI under pathological conditions, laying a solid foundation for clinical application of 3D source imaging in leading precise BTX injections for spasticity management.
High-speed collagen fiber modeling and orientation quantification for optical coherence tomography imaging

Quantifying collagen fiber architecture has clinical and scientific relevance across a variety of tissue types and adds functionality to otherwise largely qualitative imaging modalities. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is uniquely suited for this task due to its ability to capture the collagen microstructure over larger fields of view than traditional microscopy. Existing image processing techniques for quantifying fiber architecture, while accurate and effective, are very slow for processing large datasets and tend to lack structural specificity. We describe here a computationally efficient method for quantifying and visualizing collagen fiber organization. The algorithm is demonstrated on swine atria, bovine anterior cruciate ligament, and human cervical tissue samples. Additionally, we show an improved performance for images with crimped fiber textures and low signal to noise when compared to similar methods.
Nanotechnological approach and bio-inspired materials to face degenerative diseases in aging.

The aging of the world population is increasingly claimed as an alarming situation, since an ever-raising number of persons in advanced age but still physically active is expected to suffer from invalidating and degenerative diseases. The impairment of the endogenous healing potential provoked by the aging requires the development of more effective and personalized therapies, based on new biomaterials and devices able to direct the cell fate to stimulate and sustain the regrowth of damaged or diseased tissues. To obtain satisfactory results, also in cases where the cell senescence, typical of the elderly, makes the regeneration process harder and longer, the new solutions have to possess excellent ability to mimic the physiological extracellular environment and thus exert biomimetic stimuli on stem cells. To this purpose, the “biomimetic concept” is today recognized as elective to fabricate bioactive and bioresorbable devices such as hybrid osteochondral scaffolds and bioactive bone cements closely resembling the natural hard tissues and with enhanced regenerative ability. The review will illustrate some recent results related to these new biomimetic materials developed for application in different districts of the musculoskeletal system, namely bony, osteochondral and periodontal regions, and the spine. Further, it will be shown how new bioactive and superparamagnetic calcium phosphate nanoparticles can give enhanced results in cardiac regeneration and cancer therapy. Since tissue regeneration will be a major demand in the incoming decades, the high potential of biomimetic materials and devices is promising to significantly increase the healing rate and improve the clinical outcomes even in aged patients.
A Comparison of Research Topics Associated With Technical Communication, Business Communication, and Professional Communication, 1963–2017

Background: Technical communication, business communication, and professional communication are potentially overlapping disciplines with open disciplinary questions. A comparative topical analysis of research topics can identify similarities and differences between them, addressing intellectual and physical concerns for each. Literature review: Recent topical analyses have been done for technical communication. Historical topical analyses have been done for business communication. Few professional communication topical analyses exist. Some studies were done 15 or more years ago, and one related comparative study exists. Research questions: 1. What research topics are unique to each of the disciplines of technical communication, business communication, and professional communication in a corpus of research abstracts spanning 1963–2017? 2. What topics are shared among the disciplines of technical communication, business communication, and professional communication in a corpus of research abstracts spanning 1963–2017? Research methodology: I used collocation analysis on the target phrases technical communication, business communication, and professional communication from a 4822-abstract corpus. I compared words collocated with target phrases to find words unique to a single term, those shared with two terms, or those shared with all three terms. Results/discussion: Findings identified science communication as a technical communication topic; other findings corroborated previous research. Business communication findings corroborated previous research and identified an emphasis on global communication. Findings show professional communication as a rhetorically flexible term that creates a space for emerging concepts and expands disciplinary boundaries. The three shared communication, pedagogy, international, and disciplinary concerns. Conclusions: The disciplines feature some overlap but maintain distinct research foci. Professional communication is a distinctive discipline that assists technical communication and business communication by incubation of emerging concepts.
Treatment with buprenorphine prior to EcoHIV infection of mice prevents the development of neurocognitive impairment

Approximately 15-40% of people living with HIV develop HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, HAND, despite successful antiretroviral therapy. There are no therapies to treat these disorders. HIV enters the CNS early after infection, in part by transmigration of infected monocytes. Currently, there is a major opioid epidemic in the United States. Opioid use disorder in the context of HIV infection is important because studies show that opioids exacerbate HIV-mediated neuroinflammation that may contribute to more severe cognitive deficits. Buprenorphine is an opioid derivate commonly prescribed for opiate agonist treatment. We used the EcoHIV mouse model to study the effects of buprenorphine on cognitive impairment and to correlate these with monocyte migration into the CNS. We show that buprenorphine treatment prior to mouse EcoHIV infection prevents the development of cognitive impairment, in part, by decreased accumulation of monocytes in the brain. We propose that buprenorphine has a novel therapeutic benefit of limiting the development of neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected opioid abusers as well as in nonabusers, in addition to decreasing the use of harmful opioids. Buprenorphine may also be used in combination with HIV prevention strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis because of its safety profile.
A pilot study examining skin cancer education in an underserved population at a free skin cancer screening.

Abstract Background Minority populations are increasingly diagnosed with skin cancer and often in later stages with more aggressive subtypes. Objective We sought to pilot a study to evaluate the effectiveness of providing a skin cancer screening and education module to address potential barriers to dermatologic care for an underserved population in New Haven, Connecticut. Methods At a free clinic, voluntary adults (n = 24) waiting for a skin cancer screening were recruited and consented to participate. Participants completed a 16-question survey prior to the total body-skin examination and the educational module, as well as a survey after the examination. Results Most participants were uninsured (79%) and Hispanic (71%). Pre- and postintervention surveys indicated significant increases in knowledge, risk awareness, and confidence for self-screening. Conclusion This study establishes an effective public health education intervention to promote the prevention of skin cancer. A multicenter study with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period to assess knowledge retention could further address limitations in this initial pilot study.
Enantioselective, Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular Carboamination and Carboetherification of Unactivated Alkenes.

Reduction of waste is an important goal of modern organic synthesis. We report herein oxidase reactivity for enantioselective intramolecular copper-catalyzed alkene carboamination and carboetherification reactions where previously used stoichiometric MnO2 has been replaced with oxygen. This substitution was risky as the reaction mechanism is thought to involve C–C bond formation via addition of alkyl carbon radicals to arenes. Such intermediates are also susceptible to C–O bond formation via O2 addition. Control of absolute stereochemistry under aerobic conditions was also uncertain. The oxidative cyclization efficiencies appear to track with the ease of the radical addition to the arenes.
Chemical Paradigm vs. Biological Paradigm in the Biological Clock Controversy.

Examples of biological rhythmicity mounted in the first half of the twentieth century, but the nature of biological rhythms – whether they were direct responses to rhythmic environmental stimuli or...
Enteric rice protein-shellac composite coating to enhance the viability of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514

Abstract This study reports novel modified rice protein (MRP)-ammonium shellac (NH4SL) enteric composite coatings on millimeter-sized probiotics pellets to protect the survival of probiotics during storage, thermal treatments, and simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestions. An aqueous MRP solution at pH 7.0–13.0 was dropwise added into an aqueous ethanol NH4SL solution at pH 8.2, and the mixture pH significantly affected the homogeneity of MRP-NH4SL suspensions and formed films. The MRPpH13-NH4SL suspension with pH of 9.4 had smaller MRP particles and thus better stability than other suspensions with pH of ~8.4, predominantly due to the better solubility and stability of MRP at a higher pH. Atomic force microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering results indicated the complexation between MRP and NH4SL in all treatments, which increased the intermolecular repulsions to further facilitate the stability of MRPpH13-NH4SL suspension. The homogenous MRPpH13-NH4SL suspension resulted in smooth films with improved mechanical and enteric properties at a higher content of MRP having a pH-dependent solubility. Probiotics pellets coated with MRP-NH4SL had significantly more viable Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 than uncoated pellets after 30-day ambient storage, heating at 80 °C for 20 min, and during simulated GI digestions. The composite coating also preserved the probiotics viability better than the NH4SL-only coating after 2-h gastric digestion. Therefore, MRPs can be used to modify the enteric properties of shellac-based edible coatings to deliver powdered probiotics, which is significant to manufacturing solid probiotics-containing products.
Cardiovascular disease in children with chronic kidney disease.

Purpose of review Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The cause of CVD in children with CKD is multifactorial and there are new and emerging data regarding prevalence and risk factors for CVD in this population. Recent findings A number of recent publications from longitudinal cohort studies of children with CKD have greatly increased our knowledge about the prevalence and risk factors for CVD including hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia. Masked hypertension and isolated nocturnal hypertension both correlate with surrogate markers of CVD in children. Obesity and adiposity are associated with an increased risk of CVD. Markers other than BMI such as waist to height ratio and fat-free tissue to fat tissue ratio better correlate with the presence of CVD in children. Dyslipidaemia is extremely prevalent in the paediatric CKD population, but there is a lack of consensus on treatment. More data on the relationship between bone mineral disease and CVD continue to emerge including an association between hyperparathyroidism and isolated nocturnal hypertension. Summary Children with CKD have multiple potentially modifiable risk factors for CVD. Research focused on CVD outcomes in children is needed.
Detecting initial system-environment correlations in open systems

Correlations between a system and its environment lead to errors in an open quantum system. Detecting those correlations would be valuable for avoiding and/or correcting those errors. Here we show that we can detect correlations by measuring only the system itself if we know the cause of the interaction between the two, for example, in the case of a dipole-dipole interaction. We investigate the unitary $U$ which is associated with the exchange Hamiltonian and examine the ability to detect initial correlations between a system and its environment for various types of initial states. The states we select are motivated by realistic experimental conditions, and we provide bounds for when we can state with certainty that there are initial system-environment correlations given experimental data.
42 COVID-19 Slowdown? Not in Our Burn Center!

Introduction There has been a great concern that the COVID-19 pandemic has interfered with burn care The feeling has been that resources have been shifted to treating the COVID patients and that "shelter-in-place" requirements have reduced the risks for burn injury The ABA and other organizations have sent biweekly surveys in order to determine how the pandemic has interfered with burn care Despite these concerns, we seemed very busy Methods The inpatient data was collected in our adult and pediatric burn centers between January 1, 2020 and August 31, 2020 Results During the COVID-19 pandemic there was an increase in burn admissions in both adult and pediatric centers At the same time there were 1270 COVID-19 adult admissions and 4 COVID-positive admissions at the pediatric center In the adult center, there was increase from 414 total admissions from fiscal year 2019 (7/2018-6/2019) of 414 to 495 for fiscal year 2020 (7/2019-6/2020) The average daily census also increased from 18 33 to 18 36 during the same period The monthly number of burn admissions increased from 38 5/month for the last six months of 2019 to 44/month for the first six months of 2020 The admission rate continued in July (41) and August (47) In the first 8 months of 2020, there were 356 admissions with a mean TBSA of 11 3% There were many large burns admitted in late summer The mean TBSA of the 12 bed ICU on September 11, 2020 was 60 6% (range 25–85%) In the pediatric unit, there were 174 admissions through July 2020, a 6% increase from the preceding same period There was a 6% decrease in burn reconstruction Conclusions Despite a significant burden of COVID-19 patients, burn admissions also increased at the same time There was no evidence that "shelter-in-place" requirements changed the risk for burn injuries Resources for critical care needs should not be siphoned away from burn centers during pandemics Risky behaviors leading to burns do not go away despite new health crises
The characterization of deformation stage of metals using acoustic emission combined with nonlinear ultrasonics

Abstract This paper introduces a new acoustic emission (AE) characteristic to determine the deformation stage of metals under quasi-static loading. The AE characteristic is extracted from the derivative of the cumulative AE energy with respect to time. The reproducibility of the developed feature is demonstrated on a set of A572 Grade 50 steel coupons loaded up to different levels of plastic deformation, and then evaluated using the AE data recorded from aluminum 1100. To address the prior load-dependence of AE data, nonlinear ultrasonics is studied to quantify the presence of plastic deformation as a way to determine the initiation strain during quasi-static load testing typically used for evaluating metallic structures with the AE method. The sensitivity of nonlinear ultrasonics is compared with the linear ultrasonics showing the higher sensitivity of third harmonic nonlinearity coefficient to plastic deformation. The microstructural changes affecting ultrasonics are identified with metallographic characterizations.
Implicit identification of disability in right brain stroke survivors. (1554)

Objective: to assess disability self-awareness with a computerized Implicit Identification Test (IIT) based on the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald et al., 1998). Background: Disability is defined by an individual experience of limitation (World Health Organization, 2002), and currently cannot be objectively detected. Furthermore, many people with neurological conditions cannot self-report disability (Barrett, 2010) because of anosognosia (pathological lack of knowledge of disease; Adair and Barrett, 2012). However, patients who cannot verbally report disability may have implicit knowledge of their deficits (Fotopoulou et al., 2010). Thus, implicit attitude testing might be used to measure the experience of disability. Design/Methods: Caregivers of 6 right brain stroke survivors reported survivor disability using the Barthel Index (BI; mean 52/100). Patients also self-rated disability. Patients categorized pictures of “me” versus “someone else,” on a computerized test, pressing a left- or right-hand key. Based on the IAT, they then sorted “Ability” versus “Disability” symbols by key press. Lastly, participants performed two blocks of a combined sorting task, including both faces and Ability/Disability symbols. Response speed was assessed to determine whether participants implicitly associated “me” with “Ability” and “someone else” with “Disability”, versus implicitly pairing “me” with “Disability” and “Someone else” with “Ability.” In other words, participants implicitly identified themselves as more, or less able than other people. Results: Consistent with prior IAT studies, we measured implicit bias with a response ratio (RR). RR Conclusions: Computerized implicit attitude assessment may be useful to detect self-perceived disability in stroke survivors with anosognosia. Our future studies will assess the IIT procedure in larger groups of stroke survivors with and without spatial neglect. Disclosure: Dr. Barrett has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with emedicine/WebMD. Dr. Barrett has received research support from Dart Neuroscience and Brightcloud International funded research projects she led through the Kessler Foundation.. Dr. Graves has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pylarinos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Masmela has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boukrina has nothing to disclose.
Open Subsets in a Stein Space with Singularities

Serre proved that a domain $Y$ in $\mathbb{C}^n$ is Stein if and only if $H^i(Y,\mathcal{O}_Y) = 0$ for all $i \gt 0$. Laufer showed that if $Y$ is an open subset of a Stein manifold of dimension $n$ and $H^i(Y,\mathcal{O}_Y)$ is a finite dimensional complex vector space for every $i \gt 0$, then $Y$ is Stein. Vâjâitu generalized these theorems to singular Stein space of dimension $n$. In this paper, we consider singular Stein spaces $X$ with arbitrary dimension and give necessary and sufficient conditions for an open subset $Y$ in $X$ to be Stein. We show that if $Y$ is an open subset of a reduced Stein space $X$ with arbitrary dimension and singularities, then $Y$ is Stein if and only if $H^i(Y,\mathcal{O}_Y)$ is a finite dimensional complex vector space for every $i \gt 0$. Without cohomology condition, if $X-Y$ is a closed subspace of $X$, then we show that the geometric condition of the boundary $X-Y$ determines the Steinness of $Y$. More precisely, we show that if $X$ is normal and the boundary $X-Y$ is the support of an effective $\mathbb{Q}$-Cartier divisor, or $X-Y$ is of pure codimension $1$ and does not contain any singular points of $X$, then $Y$ is Stein.
Population balance modeling of homogeneous viral aggregation

Abstract Viral aggregation is a natural process which helps viruses to survive in the environment and to resist to disinfection. Aggregation is a complex phenomenon controlled by the isoelectric point of the viral suspension. Previous models describe the energies of interaction between viruses using the extended DLVO theory. However, they do not allow us to predict the evolution of the viral aggregates size, which is critical for viral survival and transport. In this paper, we present a model for homogeneous viral aggregation based on the population balance equation (PBE) to describe the evolution of aggregate size. The PBE was coupled with the extended-DLVO theory to account for the energy of interaction between viral particles affected by virus type and physicochemical conditions. The model was verified with literature data and no parameter fitting was required as all the model parameters are based on the physicochemical properties of the system. Overall, this model can be an useful tool to simulate viral aggregate evolution in water and in sediments. It can be extended to describe heterogeneous viral aggregation and coupled with transport models for the prediction of virus migration and persistence in groundwater.
Concussion Characteristics and Early Postinjury Outcomes Between College Students and Intercollegiate Athletes

Objective Describe concussion characteristics among general college students and compare post-injury outcomes to intercollegiate student-athletes. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Large university in the Southeast region of the United States. Participants 179 college students (female=120; 67.0%; 23.9±3.9 years) and 49 athletes (female=28, 57.1%;19.3±1.3 years) medical records were examined. Participants self-reported injury mechanism, health history information, and completed clinical assessments acutely ( Main outcome measures Descriptive statistics were calculated for each group. Concussion outcomes between students with and without certain health history diagnoses were assessed using separate t-tests. We conducted univariate regression analyses to determine if sex, age, and time from concussion to first clinical assessment were significant predictors of clinical outcomes. Statistically significant variables were included as covariates in a series of one-way ANCOVA's to identify differences in balance, symptom severity, total symptom presence, and neurocognitive domain performance between students and athletes. Fisher's exact tests were used to compare health history information between groups(α Results Among students, 24% reported sustaining a concussion while participating in recreational sports and 27% of impacts occurred to the back of the head. Students had higher proportions of headache, migraine, anxiety, and depression(p Conclusion These findings highlight the need for better access to medical care for non-NCAA sanctioned athletes due to a large proportion of concussions in student sample being sustained during sports participation. Identifying common injury mechanisms can provide clinicians with powerful information to improve evaluation and treatment models.
Comment on Genomic epidemiology of superspreading events in Austria reveals mutational dynamics and transmission properties of SARS-CoV-2"."

A reanalysis of SARS-CoV-2 deep sequencing data from donor-recipient pairs indicates that transmission bottlenecks are very narrow (one to three virions).
Time-Resolved Electron Density Measurement Characterization of E-H Modes for Inductively Coupled Plasma Instabilities

Inductively Coupled Plasma sources driven by RF power at low pressure regimes are well adopted for high-volume manufacturing of semiconductor devices. The vexing challenge to the utility of these plasma processing reactors is the existence of the E-H mode transition1. Industry notably avoids the process region associated with this transition, where plasma instabilities prohibit reliable RF power delivery. The plasma instability is associated with a hysteresis in coupled RF power (current) varying for the E-Mode, or weakly capacitive coupling to the plasma, in comparison to the stronger current coupling in the H-Mode, where inductive coupling is preferentially dominant. As a result, approximately two orders of magnitude of electron density is relinquished in this transition region from serving industrial manufacturing processes. We characterize the plasma parameter variation through the E to H-mode with a time-resolved measurement of the electron density. Electropositive and electronegative chemistries are incorporated into our experimental setup. The experimental scheme serves to evaluate RF power delivery and ameliorate its coupling through the transition region. The work is further extended to adopt more efficient power coupling to toroidal plasma sources.
The human complement system in health and disease

Introduction and Historical Notes, Michael M. Frank Molecular Architecture Overview of the Complement System, John E. Volanakis Clq and Mannose-Binding Lectin, Kenneth B. M. Reid Complement Enzymes, John E. Volanakis and Gerard J. Arlaud The Chemistry and Biology of C3, C4, and C5, John D. Lambris, Arvind Sahu, and Rick A. Wetsel Proteins of the Membrane Attack Complex, Mnason E. Plumb and James M. Sodetz Regulatory Proteins of Complement, M. Kathryn Liszewski and John P. Atkinson Complement Receptors, Joseph M. Ahearn and Ariella M. Rosengard Phylogeny of the Complement System, Masaru Nonaka Regulation of Complement Protein Gene Expression, Harvey R. Colten and Gerard Garnier Biology Characterization of Complement Anaphylatoxins and Their Biological Responses, Julia A. Ember, Mark A. Jagels, and Tony E. Hugli Complement-Mediated Phagocytosis, Melvin Berger Cellular Responses to the Membrane Attack Complex, Carolyn Mold Regulation by Complement of Acquired Immunity, Michael C. Carroll and Douglas T. Fearon Endothelial Cell Responses to Complement Activation, Soheyla Saadi and Jeffrey L. Platt The Complement System in Reproduction, Teresa J. Oglesby Bacteria and Complement, Franz Petry and Michael Loos Complement and Viruses, Neil R. Cooper Complement and Disease Complement Deficiencies and Infection, Peter Densen Processing and Clearance of Immune Complexes by Complement and the Role of Complement in Immune Complex Diseases, Kevin A. Davies and Mark J. Walport C1 Inhibitor Gene and Hereditary Angioedema, Alvin E. Davis III Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Complement, Wendell F. Rosse Complement in Central Nervous System Disorders, Moon L. Shin, Horea Rus, and Florin Niculescu Development of Clinically Useful Agents to Control Complement-Mediated Tissue Damage, Eric Wagner and Michael M. Frank Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Alan D. Schreiber Complement and Glomerular Diseases, Clark West Role of Complement in Diseased and Normal Human Skin, Kim B. Yancey and Thomas J. Lawley Complement and Neuromuscular Diseases, Milan Basta and Marinos C. Dalakas
Mental Health and Marital Status

Marriage is a social institution and its effects on mental health vary across societies. In societies which emphasize marriage, being married is related to lower depression, lower anxiety, lower suicide risk, and lower substance abuse, on average. Two models explain the relationship between mental health and marital status: causation and selection. Selection models propose that healthy and socially desirable people are more likely to become and stay married. In causation models, marriage confers benefits directly to participants. Divorce and remarriage result in short-term decreases in mental well-being. Remarriage positively affects mental health, but less than first marriage. Never-married and cohabiting people are emerging groups of interest, with research suggesting that effects vary by social norms and selection factors. Social support is the mechanism through which relationships affect mental health. Some caveats and potential avenues of research are also outlined. Keywords: depression; family; marriage; mental health; substance abuse
Entre la anarquía del evento y la ansiedad del relato

Es cierto que las noticias son construcciones sociales y que los periodistas pueden valerse de distintos moldes narrativos �como el melodrama o la ironia� para enmarcar los acontecimientos. Sin embargo, es el caracter de los eventos en si mismos lo que condiciona al tipo de matriz que ellos eligen para contar sus historias
Biofuels as a Major Competitor for Petroleum Based Fuels: Implications for Agriculture

Biofuels have emerged as a viable substitute for petroleum based fuels in a relatively short time period. During the last 10 years biodesiel and ethanol have become alternatives to petroleum based fuel for car and truck transportation. New feed stocks are about to be introduced as the breakdown of cellulose emerges as commercial viable. This change in fuel supplies has and will change agriculture forever, as fuel becomes another demand for agricultural commodities and biomass. Agricultural scientists are reorganizing to meet this challenge. This paper reviews how these changes in agricultural science are occurring in the United States. The changes are occurring both within and outside the boundaries of traditional agricultural science and causing the universities, private sector and government to adjust and cooperate in new ways.
Inelastic buckling of eccentrically loaded columns.

b d E E0 h width of column eccentricity of loading tangent modulus elastic modulus depth of column i = integer L = half length of column M = bending moment N = number of intervals in £ direction NJ = number of intervals in // direction n — constant P = load pc = critical load R = radius of cross section w = transverse deflection of centerline x = coordinate y — coordinate a,-, ft = constants ylt y2 = dimensionless £1 and s2 A = interval in £ direction d = increment e = axial compressive strain £ l>£2 = strains at face of column 9 = interval in r\ or fj direction a = axial compressive stress o! = stress at the intercept of the stress-strain curve and a line through the origin with a slope 0.7£0. <r* = maximum value of stress in history