cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Experiences of Children with ASD in Self-contained Physical Education: a Modified Scrapbooking Study

The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning that students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ascribed to their experiences in self-contained physical education (PE) classes. Four participants with a primary diagnosis of ASD who attended a self-contained PE class in a separate public day school were purposively selected for this study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observational field notes, and reflective notes. Methodological triangulation, researcher reflexivity, and peer debriefing were utilized to foster trustworthiness. After interview transcription, thematic development was conducted using a three-step analytic process. Overall, the participants’ experiences in PE were positive and meaningful, and four interrelated themes emerged from the data: “they case about my feelings”—teachers’ attitudes in PE; “my friends make it more meaningful”—importance of positive peer interactions; “we’d be all over the place”—the value of structured environments; and “oh, but the noise”—sensory considerations. The first theme highlighted participants’ descriptions of how their physical educators played a critical role in shaping their experiences. The second theme revealed the significance the participants ascribed to participating in PE with their peers. The third theme described accommodations within PE the participants attributed to a more enjoyable and successful PE experience. Finally, the fourth theme described the importance of considerations regarding sensory input for the participants. The themes highlight several contributing factors influencing participants’ positive PE experiences which should be considered by PE teachers to enhance the quality of education for students with ASD.
Sox17 and β-catenin co-occupy Wnt-responsive enhancers to govern the endoderm gene regulatory network

Lineage specification is governed by gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that integrate the activity of signaling effectors and transcription factors (TFs) on enhancers. Sox17 is a key transcriptional regulator of definitive endoderm development, and yet, its genomic targets remain largely uncharacterized. Here, using genomic approaches and epistasis experiments, we define the Sox17-governed endoderm GRN in Xenopus gastrulae. We show that Sox17 functionally interacts with the canonical Wnt pathway to specify and pattern the endoderm while repressing alternative mesectoderm fates. Sox17 and β-catenin co-occupy hundreds of key enhancers. In some cases, Sox17 and β-catenin synergistically activate transcription apparently independent of Tcfs, whereas on other enhancers, Sox17 represses β-catenin/Tcf-mediated transcription to spatially restrict gene expression domains. Our findings establish Sox17 as a tissue-specific modifier of Wnt responses and point to a novel paradigm where genomic specificity of Wnt/β-catenin transcription is determined through functional interactions between lineage-specific Sox TFs and β-catenin/Tcf transcriptional complexes. Given the ubiquitous nature of Sox TFs and Wnt signaling, this mechanism has important implications across a diverse range of developmental and disease contexts.
Early identification of patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding using natural language processing and decision rules

BACKGROUND AND AIM Guidelines recommend risk stratification scores in patients presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), but such scores are uncommonly employed in practice. Automation and deployment of risk stratification scores in real time within electronic health records (EHRs) would overcome a major impediment. This requires an automated mechanism to accurately identify ("phenotype") patients with GIB at the time of presentation. The goal is to identify patients with acute GIB by developing and evaluating EHR-based phenotyping algorithms for emergency department (ED) patients. METHODS We specified criteria using structured data elements to create rules for identifying patients and also developed multiple natural language processing (NLP)-based approaches for automated phenotyping of patients, tested them with tenfold cross-validation for 10 iterations (n = 7144) and external validation (n = 2988) and compared them with a standard method to identify patient conditions, the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine. The gold standard for GIB diagnosis was the independent dual manual review of medical records. The primary outcome was the positive predictive value. RESULTS A decision rule using GIB-specific terms from ED triage and ED review-of-systems assessment performed better than the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine on internal validation and external validation (positive predictive value = 85% confidence interval:83%-87% vs 69% confidence interval:66%-72%; P < 0.001). The syntax-based NLP algorithm and Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers neural network-based NLP algorithm had similar performance to the structured-data fields decision rule. CONCLUSIONS An automated decision rule employing GIB-specific triage and review-of-systems terms can be used to trigger EHR-based deployment of risk stratification models to guide clinical decision making in real time for patients with acute GIB presenting to the ED.
Strongly coupled fixed point in φ 4 theory

We show explicitly how a fixed point can be constructed in scalar $g\varphi^4$ theory from the solutions to a nonlinear eigenvalue problem. The fixed point is unstable and characterized by $\nu=2/d$ (correlation length exponent), $\eta=1/2-d/8$ (anomalous dimension). For d = 2, these exponents reproduce to those of the Ising model which can be understood from the codimension of the critical point. The testable prediction of this fixed point is that the specific heat exponent vanishes. 2d critical Mott systems are well described by this new fixed point.
Posttraumatic Distress Symptoms and Their Response to Treatment in Adults With Prolonged Grief Disorder

OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress disorder and prolonged grief disorder (PGD) arise following major life stressors and may share some overlapping symptomatology. This study aimed to examine the presence and response to treatment of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in bereaved adults with a primary diagnosis of PGD. METHODS A randomized controlled trial of 395 adults with PGD (defined as an Inventory of Complicated Grief score ≥ 30 plus confirmation on structured clinical interview) randomly assigned participants to either complicated grief treatment (CGT) with citalopram, CGT plus placebo, citalopram, or placebo between March 2010 and September 2014. This secondary analysis examined the presence of PTSS (per the Davidson Trauma Scale) at baseline and change in PTSS with treatment using longitudinal mixed-effects regression and examined the role of violent compared to nonviolent deaths (loss type). RESULTS High levels of PTSS were present at baseline, regardless of loss type, and were associated with increased functional impairment (P < .001). CGT with placebo demonstrated efficacy for PTSS compared to placebo in both threshold (OR = 2.71; 95% CI, 1.13-6.52; P = .026) and continuous (P < .001; effect size d = 0.47) analyses, and analyses were suggestive of a greater effect for CGT plus citalopram compared to citalopram alone (threshold analysis: OR = 2.84; 95% CI, 1.20-6.70; P = .017; continuous analysis: P = .053; d = 0.25). In contrast, citalopram did not differ from placebo, and CGT plus citalopram did not differ from CGT plus placebo. CONCLUSIONS Bereavement-related PTSS are common in bereaved adults with PGD in the context of both violent and nonviolent death and are associated with poorer functioning. CGT shows efficacy for PTSS, while the antidepressant citalopram does not. TRIAL REGISTRATION : ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01179568.
SYNFIX: Automatically Fixing Syntax Errors using Compiler Diagnostics.

Beginning programmers struggle with the complex grammar of modern programming languages like Java, and make lot of syntax errors. The diagnostic syntax error messages from compilers and IDEs are sometimes useful, but often the messages are cryptic and puzzling. Students could be helped, and instructors' time saved, by automated repair suggestions when dealing with syntax errors. Large samples of student errors and fixes are now available, offering the possibility of data-driven machine-learning approaches to help students fix syntax errors. Current machine-learning approaches do a reasonable job fixing syntax errors in shorter programs, but don't work as well even for moderately longer programs. We introduce SYNFIX, a machine-learning based tool that substantially improves on the state-of-the-art, by learning to use compiler diagnostics, employing a very large neural model that leverages unsupervised pre-training, and relying on multi-label classification rather than autoregressive synthesis to generate the (repaired) output. We describe SYNFIX's architecture in detail, and provide a detailed evaluation. We have built SYNFIX into a free, open-source version of Visual Studio Code; we make all our source code and models freely available.
The Pious Fool: A Menace to Society

The Talmud sees the pious fool as a destructive force and a menace to society, to the point one is supposed to avoid living in a neighborhood where such a person resides. This paper provides several examples of pious fools in history and modern times and examines why they are such a severe problem.
Mechanical studies of the solid electrolyte interphase on anodes in lithium and lithium ion batteries.

A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is key to high performing lithium ion and lithium metal batteries for metrics such as calendar and cycle life. The SEI must be mechanically robust to withstand large volumetric changes in anode materials such as lithium and silicon, so understanding the mechanical properties and behavior of the SEI is essential for the rational design of artificial SEI and anode form factors. The mechanical properties and mechanical failure of the SEI are challenging to study, because the SEI is thin at only ~10-200 nm thick and is air sensitive. Furthermore, the SEI changes as a function of electrode material, electrolyte and additives, temperature, potential, and formation protocols. A variety ofin situandex situtechniques have been used to study the mechanics of the SEI on a variety of lithium ion battery anode candidates; however, there has not been a succinct review of the findings thus far. Because of the difficulty of isolating the true SEI and its mechanical properties, there have been a limited number of studies that can fully de-convolute the SEI from the anode it forms on. A review of past research will be helpful for culminating current knowledge and helping to inspire new innovations to better quantify and understand the mechanical behavior of the SEI. This review will summarize the different experimental and theoretical techniques used to study the mechanics of SEI on common lithium battery anodes and their strengths and weaknesses.
Minimax Rates and Adaptivity in Combining Experimental and Observational Data

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating the causal effect of a treatment; however, they often have limited sample sizes and sometimes poor generalizability. On the other hand, non-randomized, observational data derived from large administrative databases have massive sample sizes and better generalizability, but they are prone to unmeasured confounding bias. It is thus of considerable interest to reconcile effect estimates obtained from randomized controlled trials and observational studies investigating the same intervention, potentially harvesting the best from both realms. In this paper, we theoretically characterize the potential efficiency gain of integrating observational data into the RCT-based analysis from a minimax point of view. For estimation, we derive the minimax rate of convergence for the mean squared error, and propose a fully adaptive anchored thresholding estimator that attains the optimal rate up to poly-log factors. For inference, we characterize the minimax rate for the length of confidence intervals and show that adaptation (to unknown confounding bias) is in general impossible. A curious phenomenon thus emerges: for estimation, the efficiency gain from data integration can be achieved without prior knowledge on the magnitude of the confounding bias; for inference, the same task becomes information-theoretically impossible in general. We corroborate our theoretical findings using simulations and a real data example from the RCT DUPLICATE initiative [Franklin et al., 2021b].
Persistent hypoxemia and platypnea-orthodeoxia after left single-lung transplantation: A case report

Platypnea-orthodeoxia is a relatively uncommon but striking clinical syndrome characterized by dyspnea and deoxygenation accompanying a change to sitting or standing from a recumbent position. Hypoxemia early after lung transplant can have multiple etiologies. We report a rare case of persistent hypoxemia and platypnea-orthodeoxia after left single-lung transplantation, as a result of right-to-left interatrial shunt through a patent foramen ovale, with subsequent resolution of hypoxemia after percutaneous closure of the patent foramen ovale. Our 66-year-old Caucasian male patient exhibited a persistent patent foramen ovale. Persistent patent foramen ovale produces an intermittent intra-atrial right-to-left shunt and occurs in approximately 25 % of the general population. Although the majority of people with patent foramen ovale are asymptomatic, it is believed to act as a pathway for chemicals or thrombi that can result in a variety of clinical manifestations, including stroke, migraine headache, decompression sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. Percutaneous closure of the patent foramen ovale has been shown to be effective in the case of right-to-left shunting with normal pulmonary arterial pressure, but the indication remains controversial in other situations where pulmonary pressures are not normal. The most common causes of hypoxemia immediately after lung transplant include: graft dysfunction, reperfusion injury, acute thromboembolic disease, and acute rejection. We report a case of reopening of a patent foramen ovale after left single-lung transplantation with normal pulmonary pressure. Our case demonstrates that an open patent foramen ovale leading to massive right-to-left shunting is a possible complication after lung transplant, with significant morbidity, and that it can be treated successfully using a percutaneously placed occlusion device. Through this case report, we aim to improve pre-transplant procedures by demonstrating that a bubble contrast transesophageal echocardiogram can be performed pre-operatively to detect a patent foramen ovale.
2008 IEEE international symposium on technology and society

The following topics are dealt with: educating citizens, groups and communities; developing communities; citizen action and social change; video for connecting citizens, groups and communities; methods and design; connecting remote and rural communities; policy and politics; community research; new media and online communities; connecting citizens, groups and communities with mobile and wireless.
Singularity or Aberration? A Response to Buzan and Lawson

Buzan and Lawson (2012) urge IR scholars to consider what the 19th century can teach us about the contemporary world. Although we agree that IR scholars should draw from a wider range of historical experiences in formulating and testing their theories, we disagree with Buzan and Lawson's contentions that the lessons of the 19th century are self-evident. We argue that the 19th century may have been either an aberration in human history, during which the traditional political and economic centers of gravity were temporarily displaced by Western Europe and its offshoots, or a Singularity, in which the takeoff of the industrial revolution fundamentally changed the relationship of politics, culture, and economics. In either case, the 19th century may have less to tell us about contemporary IR than Buzan and Lawson suggest.
Breast Carcinoma Etiological Factors

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses breast carcinoma etiological factors. These factors seem to have a great influence on the incidence of breast cancer, but there is little agreement on which components of heritage are most important and the way they operate. Breast carcinoma is the most prevalent type of cancer in American women. Approximately 8% of American women can expect to be stricken with this disease some time during their lifetimes. The rate in men is 1% that in women. Although many etiological factors are implicated, the causes or reasons for a woman being afflicted with this disease remain equivocal. There is an abundance of evidence that the incidence of breast carcinoma varies greatly from one population to another throughout the world and that in most populations it is increasing. A woman's heritage is usually a large factor in determining her risk of developing mammary carcinoma.
Bile Acids XXXII. ALLOCHOLIC ACID, A METABOLITE OF ALLOCHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID IN BILE FISTULA RATS

Abstract 3β-3H-Allochenodeoxycholic acid was administered by stomach tube to rats with bile fistulas. Bile collected during the first 21 hours contained 53 to 59% of the administered 3H. After hydrolysis and separation of the free bile acids by acetic acid partition chromatography, 95% of the chromatographed 3H was recovered as the unchanged acid, but 0.3% and 4.5% appeared in two trihydroxy acid regions. At least 85% of the latter material was identified as allocholic acid. One of the metabolites in the former fraction appeared to be allohyocholic acid. These results show a distinct difference in the metabolism of the 5α- and 5β-cholanic acids and demonstrate for the first time the 12α-hydroxylation of a cholanic acid nucleus in the rat.
Psychophysical Theory and Laws, History of

Abstract Psychophysics is a scientific approach to the measurement of mental processes. In Elemente der Psychophysik in 1860, Gustav Fechner defined the field, quantified Weber’s law, created a theory of judgment errors in sensory comparisons, and proposed a logarithmic law of sensation strength. In 1927, theoretical advances by Thurstone expanded the applications of psychophysical methods to stimuli not measurable on a physical scale, thereby permitting measurements of attitudes, preferences, and feelings. Stevens (1956) argued against these ideas and proposed, instead, a power law of sensation strength, an idea previously proposed by Plateau (1872). New experimental data required both camps to accommodate the influence on performance of ‘cognitive factors,’ which caused deviations from the power law of sensation. In classical psychophysical experiments, the effects of cognitive factors led to the theory of ideals, the theory of signal detection, receiver operating characteristics, and a sequential theory of psychological discrimination. At the beginning of the twenty-first century psychophysics is poised for major theoretical advances toward more refined and more extensive measurements of mental processes.
Stability in blind deconvolution of sparse signals and reconstruction by alternating minimization

Blind deconvolution is the recovery of two unknown signals from their convolution. To overcome the ill-posedness of this problem, solutions based on priors tailored to specific application have been developed in practical applications. In particular, sparsity models have provided promising priors. In spite of empirical success in many applications, existing analyses are rather limited in two main ways: by disparity between theoretical assumptions on the signal and/or measurement model versus practical setups; or by failure to demonstrate success for parameter values within the optimal regime defined by the information theoretic limits. In particular, it has been shown that a naive sparsity model is not strong enough as a prior for identifiability in blind deconvolution problem. In addition to sparsity, we adopt a conic constraint by Ahmed et al., which enforces flat spectra in the Fourier domain. Under this prior, we provide an iterative algorithm that achieves guaranteed performance in blind deconvolution with number of measurements proportional (up to a logarithmic factor) to the sparsity level of the signal.
p63 expression in giant cell-containing lesions of bone and soft tissue.

Abstract Context.—Previous studies have demonstrated p63 overexpression in giant cell tumors of bone and advocate its use as a potential diagnostic marker. Although routine histology is often all t...
Inverse dose-response to gp140 YU2 foldon trimer formulated with aluminum phosphate and ISCOMATRIX® adjuvants

Background Conventional vaccine approaches based on delivery of HIV-1 envelope (Env) proteins or peptides derived from Env sequences have failed to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to the virus. Even with large doses (200 ug) of adjuvanted gp120 proteins administered multiple times to human volunteers, the subsequent antibody response boosts only moderately with each succeeding vaccination, and titers drop precipitously thereafter. We hypothesized that the usual practice of administering a moderate to high antigen doses may be counter productive to the goal of eliciting durable, high-affinity antibody responses. Methods
Psychogenic paraplegia in a patient with normal electrophysiologic findings.

Study design: A case report of psychogenic paraplegia following a motor vehicle accident was clinically diagnosed using median (MN) and posterior tibial nerves (PTN) somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs). Objective: To report an unusual case of paraplegia in spite of normal electrophysiological and non-compromising radiographic spine findings. Summary of background data: Conversion disorder with motor system symptoms or deficit is a subtype which includes symptoms such as impaired motor coordination or balance, paraplegia, muscle weakness, diAculty in swallowing, and urinary retention. Methods: The SSEPs were performed by each PTN at the ankle region behind the medial malleolus or the MN at the wrist using square wave pulses in 15 mA intensity. The SSEPs revealed well-developed somatosensory peaks for all extremities. Results: Well-resolved MN-SSEPs were seen with stimulation of either arm. The principal peaks of N20 and P22 were 17 and 21 ms for both upper extremities. The principal peaks of P37 and N45 were 35 and 46 ms for both lower extremities. No side-to-side latency diAerence was noted. The MRI scan finding was a non-displaced L1 fracture without spinal canal compromise. Conclusions: In spite of an apparent paraplegia, contradictory clinical findings, normal neurophysiologic tests, and normal neuroradiologic findings are positive criteria for paraplegia/quadriplegia with psychogenic etiology. Spinal Cord (2001) 39, 664‐667
The neural correlates of the dominance dimension of emotion

Emotion has been conceptualized as a dimensional construct, while the number of dimensions – two or three – has been debated. Research has consistently identified two dimensions – valence and arousal – though ample evidence exists that three dimensions are necessary to describe emotion. One proposed third dimension, identified as dominance, is relevant in clinical syndromes, personality and consumer psychology. Dominance refers to an individual's sense of having an ability to affect the environment. Neuroimaging studies have generally focused on the two dimensions of valence and arousal, leaving the neural correlates of dominance unexplored. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the neural basis of dominance in 17 healthy male controls. Participants viewed images from the International Affective Picture System that were selected to represent high and low dominance conditions. Results indicated activation in paralimbic regions, including the bilateral anterior insula for high dominance and the right precuneus for low. The findings of this exploratory study support the consideration of dominance in dimensional models of emotion and suggest that further research is needed to understand the neural representation of dominance in emotional experience.
Cell cycle of globose basal cells in rat olfactory epithelium

The olfactory epithelium of adult mammals has the unique property of generating olfactory sensory neurons throughout life. Cells of the basal compartment, which include horizontal and globose basal cells, are responsible for the ongoing process of neurogenesis in this system. We report here that the globose basal cells in olfactory epithelium of rats, as in mice, are the predominant type of proliferating cell, and account for 97.6% of the actively dividing cells in the basal compartment of the normal epithelium. Globose basal cells have not been fully characterized in terms of their proliferative properties, and the dynamic aspects of neurogenesis are not well understood. As a consequence, it is uncertain whether cell kinetic properties are under any regulation that could affect the rate of neurogenesis. To address this gap in our knowledge, we have determined the duration of both the synthesis phase (S-phase) and the full cell cycle of globose basal cells in adult rats. The duration of the S-phase was found to be 9 hr in experiments utilizing sequential injections of either IdU followed by BrdU or 3H-thy followed by BrdU. The duration of the cell cycle was determined by varying the time interval between the injections of 3H-thy and BrdU and tracking the set of cells that exit S shortly after the first injection. With this paradigm, the interval required for these cells to traverse G2, M, G1, and a second S-phase, is equivalent to the duration of one mitotic cycle and equals 17 hr. These observations serve as the foundation to assess whether the cell cycle duration is subject to regulation in response to experimental injury, and whether such regulation is partly responsible for changes in the rate of neurogenesis in such settings.
The dieback ofZostera marina in the 1930's in the Waddensea; An eye-witness account by A. van der Werff

In the archives of the State Institute of Fisheries Research a handwritten report of A. van der Werff on the wasting disease ofZostera marina L. in the Waddensea in 1932 and 1933 is kept. It contains an eye-witness account of the decline of the eelgrass beds. In 1932 the first attack of the disease took place in May and caused heavy devastation. Regeneration started soon, but a second attack at the end of August seemed to destroy the beds definitively. The next year was a year of struggle for the few poorly developed surviving plants. In 1938 the last surviving specimens were seen in the sublittoral.
Manganese: brain transport and emerging research needs.

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) represents a common neurodegenerative disorder. An estimated 2% of the U.S. population, age 65 and older, develops IPD. The number of IPD patients will certainly increase over the next several decades as the baby-boomers gradually step into this high-risk age group, concomitant with the increase in the average life expectancy. While many studies have suggested that industrial chemicals and pesticides may underlie IPD, its etiology remains elusive. Among the toxic metals, the relationship between manganese intoxication and IPD has long been recognized. The neurological signs of manganism have received close attention because they resemble several clinical disorders collectively described as extrapyramidal motor system dysfunction, and in particular, IPD and dystonia. However, distinct dissimilarities between IPD and manganism are well established, and it remains to be determined whether Mn plays an etiologic role in IPD. It is particularly noteworthy that as a result of a recent court decision, methylcyclopentadienyl Mn tricarbonyl (MMT) is presently available in the United States and Canada for use in fuel, replacing lead as an antiknock additive. The impact of potential long-term exposure to low levels of MMT combustion products that may be present in emissions from automobiles has yet to be fully evaluated. Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that recent studies with various environmental modeling approaches in the Montreal metropolitan (where MMT has been used for more than 10 years) suggest that airborne Mn levels were quite similar to those in areas where MMT was not used. These studies also show that Mn is emitted from the tail pipe of motor vehicles primarily as a mixture of manganese phosphate and manganese sulfate. This brief review characterizes the Mn speciation in the blood and the transport kinetics of Mn into the central nervous system, a critical step in the accumulation of Mn within the brain, outlines the potential susceptibility of selected populations (e.g., iron-deficient) to Mn exposure, and addresses future research needs for Mn.
Actionable Knowledge: Design Causality in the Service of Consequential Theory:

Knowledge produced by empirical research can have external validity, which means it is relevant to the everyday world. Actionable knowledge is that knowledge required to implement the external validity (relevance) in that world. The claim is made that the concept of causality that underlies much rigorous empirical research makes it difficult to transform knowledge with high external validity into actionable knowledge. Moreover, this concept of causality can lead to knowledge that, if made actionable, could inhibit learning and, in some cases, produce undesirable unethical consequences. A different concept of causality is proposed that enhances actionability. Design causality is defined, and how it can be implemented is illustrated.
Collapsibility hypotheses and diagnostic bounds in regression analysis

Deleted-case diagnostic statistics in regression analysis are based on changes in estimates due to deleting one or more cases. Bounds on these statistics, suggested in the literature for identifying influential cases, are widely used. In a linear regression model for Y in terms of X and Z, the model is “collapsible” with respect to Z if the Y−X relation is unchanged by deleting Z from the model. Deleted-case diagnostic statistics can be viewed as test statistics for collapsibility hypotheses in the mean shift outlier model. It follows that, for any given case, all deleted-case statistics test the same hypothesis, hence all have the same p-value, while the bounds correspond to different levels of significance among the several statistics. Furthermore, the bound for any particular deleted-case statistic gives widely varying levels of significance over the cases in the data set.
Winnie-The-Pooh: A “Honey-Jar” for Me and for You:

Interaction styles and personality profiles were addressed in relationship to cooperative and reluctant expressions in behavior as identified in the Array Interaction Model. Inventories for self and for analyzing relationships to others were included for self-reflection and application to personal and family dynamics. Specific analogies were described with examples from the Disney characters of Winnie-the-Pooh, Rabbit, Tigger, and Eeyore. Theoretical foundations were presented with examples of therapeutic approaches to encourage personal development and bring out the best in self and others. Emphasis was placed on capitalizing individual strengths. Predicted stress responses and needs were identified for varying personality structures. Strategies focused on encouraging people to return to their cooperative responses for productive relationships and work. Implications were given for application to understanding self and others, valuing differences and learning to enjoy and experience life together.
A Robotic “Jack Spring”™ for Ankle Gait Assistance

A Robotic ‘Jack Spring’™ is a new type of mechanical actuator, which is based upon the concept of structure control. A Jack Spring™ mechanism is used to create an adjustable Robotic Tendon, which is a spring based linear actuator in which the properties of a spring are crucial to its successful use in gait assistance. Like its human analog, the adjustable Robotic Tendon uses its inherent elastic nature to reduce both peak power and energy requirements for its motor. In the ideal example, peak power required of the motor for ankle gait is reduced from 250W to just 81 W. In addition, ideal energy requirements are reduced from nearly 36 Joules to just 25 Joules per step. Using this approach, an initial prototype is expected to provide 100% of the power and energy neccessary for ankle gait in a compact 0.84kg package. This weight is 8 times less than that predicted for an equivalent direct drive approach.© 2005 ASME
Hyperoxia (HYP) Resistant HeLa 80 Cells Are Sensitive To Combined Cytotoxicity From Nitric Oxide (NO) and Hyperoxia • 187

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator being used clinically to treat pulmonary hypertension in infants and children. We have previously demonstrated that NO and HYP have synergistic cytotoxic effects on both cultured human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and human microvascular endothelial lung cells. To better understand the basis of this cytotoxicity, we studied the effects of combined NO and HYP on HeLa 80 cells, a substrain of HeLa cells capable of growing normally in 80% oxygen. Cultured HeLa 80 cells were grown under 4 separate experimental conditions:1) room air (RA), 2) 80% oxygen, 3) NO donor (0.5mM NONOate - ethanolamine, 2,2'-hydroxynitrosohydrazono bis-) and RA, 4) combined 0.5mM NONOate and 80% oxygen. Live cells were counted daily (using Trypan blue) in each of the above groups for six consecutive days, and culture media and gasses were replenished each day. Cells continued to grow normally in RA or 80% oxygen. Cells grew more slowly with the NO donor and RA. In sharp contrast, cells treated with the combination of the NO donor and 80% oxygen began to die on day 3, with approximately 75% of the total cells having died by day 6. To study the mode of cell death, cells were grown on cover slips and divided into the 4 experimental conditions as described above. The cells were then stained with DAPI (4',6-diamidine-2-phenylindole -dihydrochloride), a DNA binding dye and viewed under a fluorescent microscope. Significant numbers of cells were found to be apoptotic when treated with the NO donor + 80% oxygen. These data indicate that HeLa 80 cells, which are normally resistant to the effects of HYP, die rapidly when exposed to combined NO and HYP. This suggests that NO and HYP are synergistically cytotoxic and the most significant mode of cell death is apoptosis. This is different from typical hyperoxia-sensitive cells, which do not undergo apoptosis in combined NO + HYP.
Phenomenological perceptions of parental evaluations in depressed and nondepressed college students

Examined three hypothesis shared in common by several contemporary theoreticians of depression: (1) depressogenic parents maintain unrealistically high ideals for their offspring; (2) depressogenic parents negatively evaluate these offspring; (3) depressive offspring show lowered self-evaluations. Phenomenological perceptions of parental ideals and attitudes were reported by depressed and nondepressed college students (N = 48). These data supported the latter two hypotheses, but not the first. Results are discussed in terms of interpersonal attraction theory as well as in terms of a possible model of mutual influencability in the family interactions of depressives.
Formulation and comparison of two recursive matrix algorithms for modeling layered diffraction gratings

Two recursive and numerically stable matrix algorithms for modeling layered diffraction gratings, the S-matrix algorithm and the R-matrix algorithm, are systematically presented in a form that is independent of the underlying grating models, geometries, and mountings. Many implementation variants of the algorithms are also presented. Their physical interpretations are given, and their numerical stabilities and efficiencies are discussed in detail. The single most important criterion for achieving unconditional numerical stability with both algorithms is to avoid the exponentially growing functions in every step of the matrix recursion. From the viewpoint of numerical efficiency, the S-matrix algorithm is generally preferred to the R-matrix algorithm, but exceptional cases are noted.
Active User-Side Evil Twin Access Point Detection Using Statistical Techniques

In this paper, we consider the problem of “evil twin” attacks in wireless local area networks (WLANs). An evil twin is essentially a rogue (phishing) Wi-Fi access point (AP) that looks like a legitimate one (with the same SSID). It is set up by an adversary, who can eavesdrop on wireless communications of users' Internet access. Existing evil twin detection solutions are mostly for wireless network administrators to verify whether a given AP is in an authorized list or not, instead of for a wireless client to detect whether a given AP is authentic or evil. Such administrator-side solutions are limited, expensive, and not available for many scenarios. Thus, a lightweight, effective, and user-side solution is highly desired. In this work, we propose a novel user-side evil twin detection technique that outperforms traditional administrator-side detection methods in several aspects. Unlike previous approaches, our technique does not need a known authorized AP/host list, thus it is suitable for users to identify and avoid evil twins. Our technique does not strictly rely on training data of target wireless networks, nor depend on the types of wireless networks. We propose to exploit fundamental communication structures and properties of such evil twin attacks in wireless networks and to design new active, statistical and anomaly detection algorithms. Our preliminary evaluation in real-world widely deployed 802.11b and 802.11 g wireless networks shows very promising results. We can identify evil twins with a very high detection rate while maintaining a very low false positive rate.
SIR 2004 film panel case: Systemic artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease.

The patient is a 29-year-old man who presented with bilateral pulsatile masses in the medial aspect of both arms. Both hands were cool with poor radial pulses. The patient’s blood cell counts, electrolyte levels, and liver function tests were normal. Some years before admission, he had episodes of fever and adenopathy. Angiograms of both upper extremities (Figs 1,2) were obtained via femoral catheterization.
Effects of Different Cooling Rate and Modifiers on the Microstructures of 4Y32 Aluminum Alloy

This paper discussed the effects of different cooling rate on the microstructure of the 4Y32 aluminum alloy and the refinement and modification on 4Y32 aluminum alloy by using Na and Al-10%Sr master alloys in various treatment states. And also the effect of Al-10Sr and Al-3Ti-1B compound modification on microstructures of 4Y32 aluminum alloy has also been studied. The results showed that: the primary silicon was eliminated during slow cooling. As the cooling rate increased, the number of primary silicon was also growing, but the size of primary silicon and eutectic silicon were significantly refined; when without modification, the shape of eutectic silicon was needle and flake; 4Y32 aluminum alloy could be effectively refined after Na modification, under the optimum addition amount of 0.8wt%. The best modification was achieved with 15 minutes, that is, the shape of primary silicon changed to small granular or oval and the primary silicon was eliminated; the as-cast structure has been improved after Al-10Sr modification, under the optimum addition amount of 0.2wt. %, the shape of eutectic silicon changed to fine short rod or point and the primary silicon was eliminated; However, in the compound modification, efficiency of Sr was decreased with the increasing additional amount of AI-3Ti-1B master alloy, which was attribute to the interaction of Sr and Ti.
Association between ice nuclei and fracture interfaces in sucrose : water glasses

Abstract When 65% sucrose: H 2 O is cooled to −130 °C in a DSC, a broad glass transition is seen at about −70 °C. During warming the transition is followed by a large devitrification and melting. Cryomicroscopy shows that nuclei form in fractures produced by cooling. During warming, ice is seen to grow from the cracks into the supersaturated melt surrounding them. Prevention of cracking with plasticizing additives inhibits massive ice formation.
The Consequences of Verbal Aggression in the Workplace: An Application of the Investment Model

The purpose of the current study was to improve our theoretical and practical understanding by examining the influence of a supervisor's verbal aggression on his or her employees’ job satisfaction and commitment, accounting for investment size and the quality of alternatives. And to account for reasons why organizations fail to fully realize the benefits associated with employee retention. A structural equation model was developed to emulate the investment model to determine the veracity of the model in the work setting and to answer the question as to why employees remained in communicatively hostile work environments. The findings shed light on the dynamics that take place within a work environment in which employees are targets of verbal aggression by their supervisors. The findings also indicated that the data fit the structural equation model and confirmed the applicability of the investment model in the workplace.
The Maria asteroid family: Genetic relationships and a plausible source of mesosiderites near the 3:1 Kirkwood Gap

Abstract We present a mineralogical assessment of 12 Maria family asteroids, using near-infrared spectral data obtained over the years 2000–2009 combined with visible spectral data (when available) to cover the spectral interval of 0.4–2.5 μm. Our analysis indicates the Maria asteroid family, which is located adjacent to the chaotic region of the 3:1 Kirkwood Gap, appears to be a true genetic family composed of assemblages analogous to mesosiderite-type meteorites. Dynamical models by Farinella et al. (Farinella, P., Gunczi, R., Froeschle, Ch., Froeschle, C., [1993]. Icarus 101, 174–187) predict this region should supply meteoroids into Earth-crossing orbits. Thus, the Maria family is a plausible source of some or all of the mesosiderites in our meteorite collections. These individual asteroids were most likely once part of a larger parent object that was broken apart and dispersed. One of the Maria dynamical family members investigated, ((695) Bella), was found to be unrelated to the genetic Maria family members. The parameters of (695) Bella indicate an H-chondrite assemblage, and that Bella may be a sister or daughter of Asteroid (6) Hebe.
Grain boundary effects in the ebic response of thin-film solar cells

Abstract The diffusion length of minority carriers in a CdS-CdTe thin film polycrystalline junction device was measured using Electron Beam Induced Current. The EBIC response did not resemble the approximately exponential shape predicted by current theory. Rather it consisted of a broad region located approximately at the junction but consisting of multiple peaks and notched tails. Accordingly, a general model of the EBIC response was developed which takes into account surface recombination, finite generation volume, and grain boundary recombination to account for the features seen in the data. The important role of grain boundary recombination velocity can be seen in the model.
Alcohol and substance use in multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Background Few studies have examined the prevalence of alcohol and drug use in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The current study sought to examine the prevalence and associated demographic, disease-related, and psychological correlates of substance use in an East Coast United States outpatient MS sample. Methods 157 individuals with MS completed questionnaires prior to, during or after their visit with an MS neurologist. These questionnaires included: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT-C), CAGE, CAGE—Adapted to Include Drugs (CAGE-AID), Patient Health Questionnaire—9 item (PHQ-9), Beck Depression Inventory—Second Edition (BDI-II) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—Anxiety (HADS-A). Results On the AUDIT-C, 40% of individuals with MS met or exceeded the cutoff for excessive alcohol use. They were more highly educated and younger than non-drinkers. Utilizing the CAGE, 6% of the sample met criteria for a lifetime history of excessive alcohol use and men endorsed higher rates of alcohol use than women. Only a small portion of the sample endorsed a history of drug use (CAGE-AID, 4%). Drug use was associated with greater disability and depression symptoms, but lower self-reported anxiety. Conclusions Current alcohol use was prevalent in this sample, and excessive use was associated with men, younger age, and more education. Reported drug use was minimal and associated with greater disability, more self-reported depression, but fewer anxiety symptoms.
Diamineoxidase activity and tissue histamine content of human skin, breast and rectal carcinoma

In view of the controversy that exists regarding the histamine content and diamine oxidase activity in relation to human carcinomatous growths, the present investigation was undertaken and carcinomatous tissues of skin, breast and rectum were analysed. The result of the experiment gives a clear evidence that both histamine concentration and diamine-oxidase activity increase significantly in all the three types of growth. The result has been discussed and a reasonable explanation has been offered for the observations made.
Surgical Management of Sporadic Colon Cancer, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, and Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer

Background: Surgical management is the primary treatment of potentially curable colon cancer. In most cases, this involves resection of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes. However, treatment options may include endoscopic polypectomy for malignant polyps; laparoscopically assisted colectomy in carefully selected patients; as well as multimodality management for locally advanced cancers. The prevailing objective throughout is to maximize both oncologic and functional results.
Increased Nucleoside Concentrations in Tumors as Markers of Tiazofurin Action

Abstract Tiazofurin injection (150 mg/kg, i.p.) into rats bearing hepatoma 3924A increased in the tumor the pools of guanine, uridine, thymine, hypoxanthine, inosine, and thymidine 3.5-, 4.4-, 8.0- 18.4-, 18.7- and 42-fold over the controls. There were only minor changes in the host liver. This is the first report showing a selective action of tiazofurin in cancer cells on the concentrations of nucleosides and bases, indicating that these might be used as markers of the impact of tiazofurin in clinical trials.
Ecology of web‐building spiders at Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica: A preliminary study

Abstract Censuses of web‐building spiders were taken in 10 × 1 × 2 meter transects at Corcovado National Park in Costa Rica. Webs were grouped into orb webs and sheet webs, and six web structure parameters were measured: Web height; web area; web angle; number of supports connecting web to vegetation; percent cover of vegetation above the web; number of radii of orb webs. A comparison was made between a relatively undisturbed primary forest and a fallow, treeless field, constituting a highly perturbed system. There were more webs in the fallow field, both during the day and at night. There were also more sheet webs than orb webs in the fallow field, but not in the forest. Significant differences were found between the orb and sheet webs, and in structure of field and forest webs, particularly in terms of web area and angle. These findings have implications in arachnology, theoretical ecology, and applied ecology.