cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring Deep Learning-based Approaches for Predicting Concept Names in SNOMED CT

Ontologies or terminologies have been widely used as formal representation of biomedical knowledge. New concepts are constantly added to biomedical ontologies due to the evolving nature of biomedical knowledge. Much progress has been made to identify new concepts in SNOMED CT, the largest clinical healthcare terminology. However, proper naming of new concepts remains challenging and relies on the ontology curators’ manual effort. In this paper, we explore three deep learning-based approaches, given bags of words, to automatically predict concept names that comply with the naming convention of SNOMED CT. These deep learning models are simple neural network, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) combined with LSTM. Our experiments showed that LSTM-based approach achieved the best performance: a precision of 65.98%, a recall of 61.04%, and an F1 score of 63.41% for predicting concept names for newly added concepts in the March 2018 Edition of SNOMED CT. It also achieved a precision of 74.58%, a recall of 73.33%, and an F1 score of 73.95% for naming missing concepts identified by our previous work. Further examination of results revealed inconsistencies within SNOMED CT which may be leveraged for quality assurance purpose.
Designing Neuromorphic Computing Systems with Memristor Devices

Neuromorphic computing systems are under heavy investigation as a potential substitute for the traditional von Neumann systems in high-speed low-power applications. One way to implement neuromorphic systems in hardware is to use the new emerging devices such as Resistive RAM (ReRAM or Memristor), because of the promising features these devices provide, such as low feature size, extremely low power consumption, synaptic like behavior, and scalability. However, these systems are in their early developing stages and still have many challenges to be solved before they can be mature enough for commercialization. In this work, we are going to investigate hardware implementation of neuromorphic systems. Specifically, this work will study hardware implementation for two types of neural networks; feed forward neuromorphic systems and Echo State Network (ESN) model, as a special type of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). In addition, detailed design procedure for designing and simulating the proposed architecture, along with a detailed system evaluation will be provided.
First Peace Corps Surveyors and Engineers

Many of the first Peace Corps surveyors were given primary rather than refresher training at Texas Western College. The civil engineers were all college graduates and lacked only practical experience. The training program was prepared with a minimum of information available on the duties to be performed by the volunteers in Tanganyika but required few changes. A wide variety of jobs is being filled satisfactorily by the volunteers, with some surveyors doing the work of highway engineers. Representatives of technical societies must assist the Peace Corps in establishing levels of technical competence for surveyors and engineers.
The role of strain localization on the electrical behavior of flexible and stretchable screen printed silver inks on polymer substrates

Abstract This work explores conductivity under applied uniaxial strain of two silver-based inks with similar flake volume fractions of ~50% that are screen-printed with a single pass (thickness: 10 µm) onto three different polymer substrates. The normalized resistance increases more rapidly with applied strain for the “flexible” ink (5025 with an acrylic binder), and has three times greater resistance at 35% strain when compared to the “stretchable” ink (PE874 with polyurethane binder). While resistance increase is qualitatively consistent with percolation theory, the in-situ strain map analysis and post-mortem fractography reveal drastic differences in the root causes of the inks’ electrical behavior. Both inks form strain localization bands with similar spacing. For the flexible ink (5025), strain localization is accompanied by local necking and flake fraction reduction. For the stretchable ink (PE874), strain localization is associated with surface cracking initiated by pre-existing voids, with minimal changes in the flake fraction. A model incorporating strain localization through a Gaussian distribution of flakes evolving with applied strain more closely accounts for the 5025 ink's normalized resistance increase compared to models that assume uniform strain and a uniform flake distribution. Overall, local necking and reduction of the flake fraction appear to be more detrimental to the resistance than the formation of surface cracks.
How a Racially/Ethnically Diverse and Immigrant Sample Qualitatively Describes the Role of Traditional and Non-traditional Foods in Feeding Their Children

Previous research suggests a deleterious impact on dietary quality when people immigrate to the United States and that children influence immigrant parent’s decisions to serve traditional and/or non-traditional foods. Interviews (n = 75) were conducted with Hmong, Somali, and Latino parents of 5–7 year old children about the foods they serve to their children and how the child influences these food decisions. A racially/ethnically diverse team coded interviews using a mixed inductive/deductive approach. Most Latino and Somali parents reported serving mostly traditional foods at home. Regarding feeding decisions, parents reported: (1) allowing children non-traditional foods when requested; (2) “Americanizing” traditional foods; and (3) that children prefer traditional foods. Some Hmong parents reported serving their children non-traditional foods at meals while parents ate traditional foods. Results offer guidance to providers working with immigrant parents of young children regarding maintaining healthful diets when children request potentially unhealthy non-traditional foods.
2.7 IBM z15: A 12-Core 5.2GHz Microprocessor

The latest IBM Z microprocessor in the z15 system has been redesigned to have improved performance, system capacity and security over the previous z14 system [1]. These achievements are made while maintaining the central processor (CP) and system controller (SC) chip die sizes at 696mm2 in the GlobalFoundries 14nm high performance (14HP) SOI FinFET technology and 17 layers of copper interconnect [2], both design points of the z14 system. The system contains up to 20 CP and 5 SC chips. Each CP, shown in die photo A (Fig. 2.7.7), operates at 5.2GHz and is comprised of 12 cores, 3 PCle Gen4 interfaces, 256MB of L3 embedded DRAM (eDRAM) cache, two X-BUS interfaces connecting to one other CP chip and one SC chip, and a redundant array of independent memory (RAIM) interface. Each core on the CP chip has 8MB of L2 eDRAM cache as well as 256KB of L1 SRAM cache, both caches split evenly between data and instruction. Each SC, shown in die photo B, operates at half the frequency of the CP, or 2.6GHz, has 960MB of L4 eDRAM cache, X-BUS interfaces connecting to half of the CP chips in the drawer and four A-BUS interfaces connecting to the SC chips on the other drawers in the system. The CP contains 9.2B transistors and the SC contains 12.2B transistors. The total 10 bandwidth of the CP and SC are 2.3Tb/s and 5.6Tb/s, respectively.
Violence against women in politics: The case of Pakistani women’s activism

Abstract This paper explores the protest claims of Pakistani women against the everyday oppression of traditional gender roles and the complex backlash they provoke as an instance of violence against women in politics. Taking the annual Aurat March (Women’s March) as a focal point, I analyze the provocative placards and slogans that have gone viral in both traditional and digital media and investigate the misogynistic counter attacks launched by conservatives, men’s rights advocates, and anti-feminists. Contesting narrow definitions of the political in mainstream research, I argue that Aurat March protesters and activists are women in politics and that counter-discourses, designed to delegitimize the protest and the women’s issues it represents, constitute a mode of discursive violence that should be included in scholarly and activist discussions of violence against women in politics.
Predicting mean annual and mean monthly streamflow in Colorado ungauged basins

River managers often need estimates of streamflow for ungauged streams. These estimates can be used in water rights acquisitions, in‐stream flow management, habitat assessment, water quality planning, and stream hazard identification. This publication describes new regression models for predicting mean annual and mean monthly streamflow in Colorado. Unlike previous regional regression studies, the new models incorporate snow persistence (SP), the fraction of time a watershed remains snow covered. Models were developed using streamflow data from 131 watersheds with drainage areas 0.75), but predictions were biased low by 14–28% in wetter decades. All equations and coefficients needed to run the models are presented in the publication appendix, and the associated data release includes the spatial data and model code, which can be applied using R or within an R‐based Shiny web app.
Ultra-Rapid Somatic Variant Detection via Real-Time Threshold Sequencing

Abstract Molecular markers are becoming increasingly important for cancer diagnosis, proper clinical trial enrollment, and even surgical decision making, motivating ultra-rapid, intraoperative variant detection. Sequencing-based detection is considered the gold standard approach, but typically takes hours to perform. In this work, we present Threshold Sequencing, a methodology for designing protocols for targeted variant detection on real-time sequencers with a minimal time to result. Threshold Sequencing analytically identifies a time-optimal threshold to stop target amplification and begin sequencing. To further reduce diagnostic time, we explore targeted Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) and design a LAMP-specific bioinformatics tool—LAMPrey—to process sequenced LAMP product. LAMPrey’s concatemer aware alignment algorithm is designed to maximize recovery of diagnostically relevant information leading to a more rapid detection versus standard read alignment approaches. Coupled with time-optimized DNA extraction and library preparation, we demonstrate confirmation of a hot-spot mutation (250x support) from tumor tissue in less than 30 minutes.
Overlapping Bose-Einstein condensates of Na 23 and Cs 133

The authors demonstrate experimentally the creation of dual-species Bose-Einstein condensates of ${}^{23}$Na atoms and ${}^{133}$Cs atoms. The mixture is shown to be miscible and to have a long lifetime of tens of seconds, which could potentially allow the creation of ground-state NaCs molecules in the future.
Resilience and associated psychological, social/cultural, behavioural, and biological factors in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review.

Aims The aim of this systematic review of the literature is to synthesize the evidence regarding the associations between individual-level psychological, social/cultural, behavioral, and biological variables with resilience in patients with CVD. Methods and results A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL was conducted from database inception through March 2020. Studies with a quantitative research design were eligible for inclusion if published in English and focused on resilience among adults with CVD. Of the 788 articles retrieved, 34 studies (35 articles) were included in the review. Twenty-three studies focused on psychological factors, with findings of inverse relationships between resilience and depression, anxiety, and stress. Evidence regarding associations between resilience and social/cultural or behavioral variables was scarce. Four of the 6 studies regarding biological factors found low stress resilience in young adulthood was associated with early diagnoses of stroke, heart failure, and coronary heart disease. Conclusion Enhancing resilience may improve quality of life for CVD patients, but research is needed to further explore the complex relationships between resilience and associated variables. This research should prioritize under-represented groups (i.e. women and minority racial/ethnic groups), with the eventual goal of developing interventions to support resilience in CVD patients.
German Philosophy 1760–1860: The revolution in philosophy (I): human spontaneity and the natural order

FREEDOM AND CRITICISM Kant's first major book, The Critique of Pure Reason , rapidly became a key text in virtually all areas of German intellectual life in the last part of the eighteenth century. One key to understanding the enthusiasm surrounding the reception of this work is to be found in an essay by Kant published in 1784: “An Answer to the Question: ‘What is Enlightenment?’” In that essay Kant identified enlightenment with “man's release from his self-incurred immaturity ( Unmundigkeit ) … the inability to use one's understanding without the guidance of another.” Coming as it did in the wake of a growing sense of social, political, and cultural progress and improvement in Germany – indeed, in European life as a whole – and accompanied by a growing dissatisfaction (especially among educated young people) with the way things were and a sense that change was both required and imminent, Kant's words fell upon an audience already prepared to receive them. The age of “tutelage,” “immaturity” was over, like growing out of childhood: the illusions of the past were to be put aside, they could not be resurrected, and it was time to assume adult responsibilities. Moreover, this “immaturity” had not, in fact, been a natural state of mankind, but a “self-incurred” state, something “we” had brought on ourselves. On the question of what was needed to accomplish this, Kant made his views perfectly clear: “For enlightenment of this kind, all that is needed is freedom.”
Cell Wall Composition and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Similarities Among the Anaerobic Coryneforms, Classical Propionibacteria, and Strains of Arachnia propionica

Eighty strains of anaerobic coryneforms were compared with 29 strains of classical propionibacteria and 8 strains of Arachnia propionica by cell wall analysis, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base compositions, and nucleotide sequence similarities. The anaerobic coryneforms have DNA base compositions in the range of 58 to 64% guanine + cytosine (GC) and show at least three homology groups. The largest group corresponds to organisms identified as Propionibacterium acnes and shows about 50% homology to strains in the P. avidum homology group. The third group, P. granulosum, shows low levels of similarities to the other two. All strains of anaerobic coryneforms have some combination of galactose, glucose, or mannose as cell wall sugars, and most have alanine (ala), glutamic acid (glu), glycine (gly), and l-alpha-epsilon-diaminopimelic acid (l-DAP) as amino acids of peptidoglycan. However, a few strains in the P. acnes and P. avidum homology groups have meso-DAP and minimal amounts of glycine. Two serological types, based on cell wall antigens, were found in the P. acnes homology group. One type had galactose, glucose, and mannose as cell wall sugars, the other glucose and mannose only. The classical propionibacteria have DNA base compositions in the range of 65 to 68% GC and show four homology groups which correspond closely to van Niel's classification as given in the 7th edition of Bergey's Manual. The P. jensenii group showed about 50% homology to the P. thoenii group and about 30 to 35% to the P. acidi-propionici group. The P. freudenreichii strains showed a rather lower level of similarity (8 to 25%) to the other homology groups. Most of the strains of classical propionibacteria also have some combination of galactose, glucose, or mannose as cell wall sugars and ala, glu, gly, and l-DAP as peptidoglycan amino acids, but P. shermanii and P. freudenreichii strains, which form a single homology group, have galactose, mannose, and rhamnose as cell wall sugars and ala, glu, and meso-DAP in their peptidoglycan. There is a rather low level of DNA homology (10 to 20%) between the anaerobic coryneforms and classical propionibacteria. However, the strains of A. propionica which have a GC content of 64 to 65% and form a single homology group, show no homology to either of the other two major groups.
Chapter 2 Recent Developments in Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitors

Publisher Summary Monoamine reuptake inhibitors elevate extracellular levels of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and/or dopamine (DA) in the brain by binding to one or more of the transporters responsible for reuptake—namely, the serotonin transporter (SERT), the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and the dopamine transporter (DAT), thereby blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter(s) from the synaptic cleft. Monoamine reuptake inhibitors are an established drug class that has proven utility for the treatment of a number of CNS disorders, especially major depressive disorder (MDD). This chapter discusses single action reuptake inhibitors such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, dopamine reuptake inhibitors. It also discusses dual reuptake inhibitors such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) followed by triple reuptake inhibitors (TRIs).
Procedural steps for designing and implementing an evaluative research using outcome based program evaluation

Skills in the cognitive domains of manufacturing engineering technologists are identified according to Bloom's Taxonomy (Cronbach, 1983). Skills visible as behavioral outcomes of affect and psychomotor are stated in terms of progress toward the outcome as evidence of changed behavior. Previous researchers in manufacturing engineering have conducted broad based research in desirable skills outlining the specific competencies that are presently needed or will be needed by the year 2000. The professional society of manufacturing engineering called the Society of Manufacturing Engineers has produced a voluminous publication called Profile 2000 and Profile 2002 outlining such research. But these are only inputs to the curriculum. Effectiveness of a curriculum is judged by the outputs-reasonable performance of the program in terms of "behaviors as evidence". Information gathered from published resources like Journal of Engineering Technology and Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) Profile 2000/2002 are used as "input information" from which the outcome statements are generated. They are categorized to a few outlined areas of importance as deemed proper by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers. The desirable outcomes as evidence are clear and concise expressions of behaviors that the successful student (as a stakeholder) must demonstrate at the close of his/her program. These are not the competencies required in each area of curricular endeavor because acquiring "competencies" acceptable as evidence does not guarantee that those competencies are used effectively. The administrators and the faculty also must evaluate the program as key stakeholders with the student perception of success. Outcome based program evaluation has the strength of being "interpretive" or "qualitative" as it occurs in social context, and is readily amenable to qualitative study. However the procedural steps outlined in the study are used for quantitative program evaluation by a study of different stakeholder perceptions.
Transversely Accelerated Ions in Auroral Arcs

Ionospheric ions apparently accelerated transversely to the geomagnetic field in the topside ionosphere are regularly detected by the soft particle spectrometers on the ISIS satellites. Such gyro-accelerated ions are observed in association with precipitating auroral electrons. A detailed study of their relationship with such electrons and with field-aligned currents, together with simultaneous measurements of the local plasma composition and density, reveals the specific conditions present in the topside ionosphere during the generation of such transversely accelerated ions (TAI). A proposed mechanism for generation of TAI involving acceleration by electrostatic ion cyclotron waves is consistent with the present observations.
Androgenetic alopecia (male pattern hair loss) in the United States: What treatments should primary care providers recommend?

Purpose Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), or male pattern hair loss, affects up to 96% of Caucasian men. Characterized by gradual thinning and eventual loss of hair along frontotemporal, parietal, and vertex areas of the scalp, AGA is associated with low self-esteem, depression, and dissatisfaction with body appearance. Data sources In this systematic review of the literature, six primary research studies conducted in the United States are evaluated for their clinical application to primary care provider practice. Conclusions Topical minoxidil 2%–5% 1 mL twice daily or finasteride 1 mg daily are recommended as first line treatments, followed by the use of Food and Drug Administration-cleared HairMax LaserComb® in patients who do not respond to first line modalities. Implications for practice Further research in novel and established treatments is recommended, along with an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for practitioners in the United States.
LAND ELEVATION, AGE OF DWELLING STRUCTURE, AND RESIDENTIAL STRATIFICATION*

(1961). LAND ELEVATION, AGE OF DWELLING STRUCTURE, AND RESIDENTIAL STRATIFICATION. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 7-11.
Gastric disease in AIDS

In contrast to the esophagus and colon, the stomach is a less common site for the occurrence of primary opportunistic infections in AIDS. Most gastric opportunistic infections in AIDS occur as part of a generalized gastrointestinal or systemic syndrome (ie, secondary involvement). Besides infections, opportunistic neoplasms such as Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can also involve the stomach in AIDS patients. Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the incidence of gastrointestinal disorders has decreased in HIV-infected patients and the incidence of nonopportunistic gastrointestinal disorders, including Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease, has risen. The main diagnostic tool for AIDS patients with suspected gastric pathology is upper endoscopy with biopsies. The article presents the various gastric pathologies that can occur in AIDS and focuses on their clinical and endoscopic approach.
Synthesis of 1-chloroestradiol.

Abstract The synthesis of the previously unknown 1-chloroestradlol (1), is reported. Addition of N-chlorosuccinimide/NaI in dioxane to 4-amino-estradiol 3-methyl ether (2), resulted in exclusive chlorination of the 1-position. Subsequent deamination and demethylation afforded 1 in good yields.
Can Tattoos Cause Cancer

Myth: Tattooing has risen in popularity, but can this body art increase the risk of cancer? Answer: Tattoos and body piercings have been prevalent for thousands of years in many cultures. Tattooed mummies from Egypt, Peru, and the Philippines have been radiocarbon dated to 2000 BC. The word tattoo is derived from the Tahitian word ta-tau, which means “the result of tapping.” Modern artists use an electrically powered instrument to inject tattoo pigment 50–3,000 times per minute to a depth of about a 64th to a 16th of an inch into the dermis (Armstrong & Murphy, 1997). The instruments use sets of one to 14 vibrating needles (Sperry, 1992). Can Tattoos Cause Cancer?
Since Safety Maintains Our Lives, We Need to Maintain Maintaining

(2001). Since Safety Maintains Our Lives, We Need to Maintain Maintaining. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 61-64.
Sound production of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera, Scolytidae): a comparison of populations from three host pines in Oregon

Acoustic signals of Dendroctonus ponderosae from three pine hosts, Pinus ponderosa, P. contorta, and P. monticola, were compared for evidence of possible population divergence due to host selection. Four parameters were compared both individually and together by multivariate analyses for male attractant chirps, rivalry chirps, stress chirps, and for female territorial chirps. Male stress and rivalry chirps and female territorial chirps varied significantly among the populations of beetles from different host pines. However, the male attractant chirp, which is an important recognition signal for acceptance of the male by the female into her gallery, was similar in all parameters for males from all three species of pine. These data suggest that selection has favored a stereotyped recognition signal common to beetles colonizing ponderosa, lodgepole, and white pine in central Oregon and did not support the idea that mountain pine beetle populations selecting different host pines are partially reproductively isolated. Zusammenfassung Lauterzeugung von Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera, Scolytidae): Ein Vergleich der Kaferpopulation von drei Wirts-Kiefernarten in Oregon Akustische Signale von Dendroctonus ponderosae von 3 Wirtskiefernarten, Pinus ponderosa, P. contorta und P. monticola, wurden als Beweis fur die eventuelle Bevolkerungsdivergenz auf Grund der Wirtswahl verglichen. Vier Parameter wurden sowohl individuell als auch miteinander durch multivariante Analysen verglichen und getestet: mannliches Lock-, Rivalen-, Stres- sowie weibliches Territorial-Zirpen. Das mannliche Stres- und Rivalenzirpen sowie das weibliche Territorialzirpen unterschieden sich erheblich zwischen den Kaferpopulationen verschiedener Wirtskiefernarten. Jedoch war der mannliche Lockruf, der ein wichtiges Erkennungszeichen fur die Annahme des Mannchens im Brutgang des Weibchens ist, in allen Parametern auf allen 3 Kiefernarten ahnlich. Diese Befunde zeigen, das die Selektion ein stereotypisches Erkennungssignal begunstigte, das allen Kafern, die P. ponderosa, P. contorta und P. monticola in Zentral-Oregon besiedeln, gemeinsam ist. Hingegen stutzt es nicht die Idee, das Bergkiefern-Borkenkaferpopulationen, welche andere Wirtskiefernarten wahlen, partiell reproduktiv isoliert waren.
Use of a cell wall-less mutant strain to assess the role of the cell wall in cadmium and mercury tolerance byChlamydomonas reinhardtii

In order for heavy metals to be toxic to algal cells, they must enter the cell protoplast. For most algal cells, this means that the metals must first penetrate through a cell wall. Plant cell walls are normally considered to be highly permeable to compounds of low molecular weight. However, if materials present in the algal cell wall show a high affinity for environmental contaminants, particularly heavy metals, entry into the protoplast, and thus toxicity, could be affected.
Invariant analytic domains in complex semisimple groups

LetHℝ be a real form of a complex semisimple group. We study certain naturally-defined analytic domains in the complexified groupHC which are invariant under left and right translation byHℝ. In particular, we give a detailed description of these sets in terms of cross-sections inside maximal R-tori ofH. It has been suggested by I. M. Gelfand and S. G. Gindikin that complex analytic objects related to these domains will provide explicit realizations of unitary representations ofHℝ.
Binding of Dexamethasone by The Subcellular Fractions of Mouse Epidermis and Dermis

The binding of the potent anticarcinogenic agent, dexamethasone, to mouse epidermal and dermal subcellular fractions was investigated. When applied to mouse skin, 3 H-labeled dexamethasone remained associated, after extensive dialysis, with epidermal and dermal cytosol, microsomes, mitochondria, and chromatin. The specific activity of dexamethasone binding to these fractions was from 2 to 5 times as high in the epidermis as in the dermis. Epidermal chromatin had the highest specific activity of binding. Dexamethasone was not associated with the cytosol protein receptor which was previously found to specifically bind tumor promoters and polycyclic hydrocarbon carcinogens.
Liver biopsy methods for pediatric oncology patients.

Background. Liver biopsy is a high-risk procedure in oncology patients, and optimal methods for children have not been established.¶Objective. To assess the effectiveness and safety of two methods of performing liver biopsy in pediatric oncology patients.¶Materials and methods. Between May 1997 and July 1999, 51 liver biopsies (22 percutaneous and 29 transjugular) were performed. The 22 percutaneous biopsies (13 focal hepatic lesions and 9 general liver biopsies) were performed under sonographic guidance; 21 used a spring-loaded needle (usually 18 G). In 21 patients, a coaxial sheath was used to inject a slurry of microfibrillar collagen into the needle track. The 29 transjugular general liver biopsies were performed with a 19-G spring-loaded needle, under sonographic and fluoroscopic guidance. The transjugular technique was used for children with thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, ascites, or recent bone-marrow transplantation.¶Results. All biopsies yielded sufficient tissue for diagnostic studies. Bleeding occurred after 3 of 21 percutaneous biopsies, despite coaxial track embolization. No bleeding or other major complication occurred after transjugular biopsy.¶Conclusion. Coaxial percutaneous biopsy with track embolization was effective, but was not complication-free; it should be reserved for focal lesions or for patients at low risk of bleeding. Transjugular liver biopsy is safe and effective for use in high-risk pediatric oncology patients.
Intersecting Conical Intersection Seams: Their Location, Representation, and Effect on Local Topography

Recent work suggests that confluences, intersections between a symmetry-allowed branch and a same-symmetry branch of a seam of conical intersections are not rare occurrences. Therefore, with the goal of obtaining generalizable insights, confluences for the 1 2 A' - 2 2 A' seam of conical intersection in BH 2 , and for the 1 1 A - 2 1 A seam in HNCO are examined in detail using a perturbative representation of that region. The perturbative expressions for the energy and derivative couplings in the adiabatic representation provide a means for locating confluences and evince the significant effect a confluence has on the local topography and the derivative coupling. The perturbative representation enables the derivative coupling and energy to be determined from data for either. The results obtained from the more common energy-based description are compared with those obtained from a derivative-coupling-based description.
Distributed multiple-anodes benthic microbial fuel cell as reliable power source for subsea sensors

Abstract A new type distributed benthic microbial fuel cell (MFC) (DBMFC) consisting of 18 MFC arrays was developed to enhance the robustness and stability of the power source for subsea sensor networks. A power management system (PMS) was integrated into the DBMFC system to boost the power output for two temperature sensors. The PMS was specifically designed with 18 charge pumps capable of simultaneously harvesting energy from 6 MFC units (18 anodes total) in the DBMFC system. The pilot scale DBMFC (total sediment volume: 1 m 3 ) with continuous ocean water supply showed that the power outputs of individual MFC units were affected by the organic carbon and nitrogen contents in the sediment pore water. The MFC units with higher power output resulted in faster charging/discharging rate of the PMS supercapacitor. Manual disconnection of anodes from the PMS was conducted to simulate the anode malfunction caused by bioturbation. Fewer functional anodes (e.g. 12 out of 18 anodes were disconnected) slowed the charging/discharging rate of the PMS supercapacitor but still supported the PMS to regularly power two sensors. This scale-up DBMFC/PMS/sensor study demonstrated that multiple MFC units with multiple PMS substantially enhanced the stability and robustness of power supply to subsea sensors.
Health care professionals and the near-death experience

Abstract It is estimated that 8 million people have undergone a near-death experience (NDE) within the United States today (1). Clinical documentation of this phenomenon has been reported by physicians and nurses, mostly in the area of critical care. Some psychologists have also noted patient reporting of NDEs while under care. Taking into account the improved medical interventions used in bringing people back from states of clinical death, the potential for professional exposure among health care professionals is high. If denied a chance to share their experience with others who might assist in “normalizing” their near-death event, individuals who have undergone an NDE may become severely depressed. It is evident that this is an area of clinical concern that should warrant educational involvement within the fields of health education, psychology, and related human service professions so as to meet better the emotional needs of near-death clients. Some suggestions for meeting these needs are also included.
Identification of Destabilized Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage Using First Principles Calculations

Hydrides of period 2 and 3 elements are promising candidates for hydrogen storage but typically have heats of reaction that are too high to be of use for fuel cell vehicles. Recent experimental wor...
National and Local Proficiency Tests: Their Validity for an Introductory Biology Course

The study involved comparison of three proposed proficiency tests for a two-quarter introductory biology course. One of the tests was a nationally standardized examination; the other two were locally constructed. The three tests were administered as first course pretests and as posttests each quarter of the sequence. Course grades were determined independently of the proficiency test scores. The College Entrance Examination Board's College Placement Test for Biology (CEEB Biology) yielded the highest validity between pretest scores and first and second quarter grades. Posttest scores earned during both the first and second quarter on the locally constructed Berg-Miller Proficiency Examination (BMPE) were more highly correlated with final grade in both the first and second quarter than were posttest scores on either the CEEB Biology or the locally constructed Garoian Proficiency Examination (GPE).
WE-D-ValB-05: Sinogram-Based Respiratory Gating for 5D PET

Purpose: PET/CT for tumor delineation is degraded when the tumor lies in a region of the body moved by breathing motion. It was recently determined that breathing motion is characterized by the depth and rate of breathing. This approach (“5D model”) has been shown to accurately reproduce even very irregular breathing motion. We have developed the model for use in PETimage reconstruction for the removal of breathing motion artifacts. Methods and Materials: The PET acquisition is gated using the tidal volume and airflow and binned according to a user‐specified breathing phase. One of the main considerations with researching this process is the ability to reconstructPETimages. For modern PET scanners, the manufacturer uses sophisticated image reconstruction that cannot be accurately reproduced in the lab, so manipulation of the sinogram data file with subsequent reconstruction by the manufacturer would be ideal. We tested this critical function by acquiring a cardiac‐gated sinogram data file from a PET/CT manufacturer (Philips, Cleveland OH). The sinogram‐header file was copied byte‐by‐byte to a new file and the remaining file examined to determine the relative cardiac phase between timing data. The sinogram file was rewritten with the events in the user‐selected phase and sent to the commercial imagereconstructor. The subsequent images compared against the commercial gating software produced images.Results: The images were nearly identical and showed we had clearly and accurately gated the PETsinogram data. Because of a memory limitation, our gated sinogram data had 1/3 the number of events of the original sinogram file. Conclusions: We have shown that the most complex part of studying 5D PET gating can be conducted using the commercial software package. This allows us to continue working on the 5D PET process and extend to dynamic phantom studies. Supported in part by NIH R01CA96679.
Dense rational systems in the hilbert spaces L 2(R, (x 2 1) n dx)

Dense subsets of the Hilbert spaces as well as the Sobolev Spaces where denotes the Fourier transform of f, are explicity found. In the development of these density results certain families of orthogonal functions play a fundamental role. These functions are briefly reviewed and a few identities satisfied by these functions are obtained which are needed for the development of the density results
Stability of uniformly propagating SHS waves in porous solids with melting and flow of reactants

Abstract We formulate a two-dimensional model describing the combustion of porous condensed phase materials in which a reactant melts and spreads through the void space of a porous solid. The melt may completely fill the pores, or some gas may remain in the pores. In each case, the volume fraction of melt is prescribed. In the limit of large activation energy, we analytically find a one-dimensional basis state consisting of a uniformly propagating combustion wave with a planar reaction front and a planar melting front. We find that the uniformly propagating solution with planar fronts is linearly unstable to traveling waves transverse to the propagation direction of the basic state above some critical Zeldovich number. The critical wave number associated with this critical Zeldovich number is generally unique and nonzero. However, the critical wave number can be zero for certain parameter values. For other special parameter values, the neutral stability curve may have two minima, so that two wave numbers lose stability at the same Zeldovich number.
Versatile monoids and versatile categories

Let M be a monoid (i.e., a semigroup with identity), and let L be an algebraic lattice. The pair (M, L ) is representable if there exists a universal algebra whose endomorphism semigroup is isomorphic to M and whose subalgebra lattice is isomorphic to L. Such an algebra will be called a representation of (M, L) . The general problem of characterizing representable pairs is open, but a few partial results are known. For instance, Michael Stone [8] gives for each integer n>~2 an example of a monoid M such that (M, Cn + 1) is representable but (M, Cn} is not, where Cm denotes an m-element chain. A monoid M is called versatile if (M, L ) is representable for every algebraic lattice L having more than one element. Only algebraic (i.e. complete and compactly generated) lattices are considered, because, according to the well-known theorem of Birkhoff and Frink [1], only algebraic lattices can occur as subalgebra lattices. Furthermore, if an algebra has a one-element subalgebra lattice, then it is rigid (i.e. has a one-element endomorphism monoid), so we exclude this trivial case. In this paper we give a complete characterization of versatile monoids. A monoid M is versatile if and only if (M, C2) is representable, and this is equivalent to the condition that every element of M be either left cancellative or a left zero. The first of these results is a generalization of a theorem of E. T. Schmidt [7], and the proof makes use of some of Schmidt's techniques. The second result dualizes G. Gr/itzer's characterization of the endomorphism semigroups of simple algebras [3], and the proof uses some techniques of M. Makkai [5]. This result was also established independently by Stone [8] for the case of a finite monoid. In w 3, we define versatile categories and state similar results for small categories. Terminology and notations of universal algebra are largely those of [4]. Homomorphisms are written to the right of their arguments, while operations and polynomials are written to the left. I f 9~ = (A; F ) is an algebra, its subalgebra lattice and endomorphism monoid will be denoted by S(N) and E(9~), respectively. I f B ~ A , the carrier set of the subalgebra of 9~ generated by B will be denoted by [B]~. By convention, [0"]~ = 0 if F contains no nullary operations, and otherwise [0]~a is the set of all values of nullary polynomials.
Retrograde degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons induced by intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine injection in rats.

Quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to assess the effects of unilateral intrastriatal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the distribution of D1 and D2 dopamine (DA) receptors and of DA uptake sites in the mesostriatal pathway. [3H]Mazindol-labeled DA uptake sites were reduced both in the striatum (−97%) and in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) (−88%) on the injected side. There were also significant decreases of dopamine uptake sites in the nucleus accurabens (NAc) (−73%) and in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (−70%). Changes in [3H]mazindol binding were also found within the contralateral VTA (−30%) and SNpc (−13%) but not in the contralateral-striatum. [3H]SCH23390-labeled D1 receptors were significantly reduced in the dorsomedial (−18%) and ventromedial (−14%) aspects of the striatum ipsilateral to the side of the lesions. In contrast, the concentration of [3H]spiperone-labeled D2 receptors was not altered. There were also significant decreases in D1 (−18%) and of D2 (−27%) receptors in the SNpc and of D1 (−10%) in the SN pars reticulata (SNpr). These results suggest that oxyradical-induced damage in striatal DA terminals could lead to retrograde changes in the SNpc. In addition, the data indicate that unilateral striatal damage can result in bilateral changes in the SNpc, thus confirming the interdependence of the two nigrostriatal pathways in rats.
Widely tunable band filling in a molecular metal. Chemical and physical consequences of electrochemically doping a cofacially joined metallomacrocyclic assembly

Dopage oxydant avec BF 4 − de [Si(Pc)O] n (Pc=phtalocyaninato) par voie electrochimique suivi par coulometrie a potentiel controle, diffraction de poudre RX, spectroscopie IR et pouvoir thermoelectrique
The Effect of Exercise on Neuropathic Symptoms, Nerve Function, and Cutaneous Innervation in People with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Abstract Although exercise can significantly reduce the prevalence and severity of diabetic complications, no studies have evaluated the impact of exercise on nerve function in people with diagnosed diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The purpose of this pilot study was to examine feasibility and effectiveness of a supervised, moderately intense aerobic and resistance exercise program in people with DPN. We hypothesized that the exercise intervention can improve neuropathic symptoms, nerve function, and cutaneous innervation. Methods A pre-test post-test design was used to assess change in outcome measures following participation in a 10-week aerobic and strengthening exercise program. Seventeen subjects with diagnosed DPN (8 males/9 females; age 58.4 ± 5.98; duration of diabetes 12.4 ± 12.2 years) completed the study. Outcome measures included pain measures (visual analog scale), Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) questionnaire of neuropathic symptoms, nerve function measures, and intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density and branching in distal and proximal lower extremity skin biopsies. Results Significant reductions in pain (− 18.1 ± 35.5 mm on a 100 mm scale, P = .05), neuropathic symptoms (− 1.24 ± 1.8 on MNSI, P = .01), and increased intraepidermal nerve fiber branching (+ 0.11 ± 0.15 branch nodes/fiber, P = .008) from a proximal skin biopsy were noted following the intervention. Conclusions This is the first study to describe improvements in neuropathic and cutaneous nerve fiber branching following supervised exercise in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. These findings are particularly promising given the short duration of the intervention, but need to be validated by comparison with a control group in future studies.
Antifandom and the Moral Text: Television Without Pity and Textual Dislike

Opposed and yet in some ways similar to the fan is the antifan: he or she who actively and vocally hates or dislikes a given text, personality, or genre. By studying antifan discussion and postings at the Web site Television Without Pity, this article examines antifan interaction with the television text. Focusing on the ensuing splintering of this text into aesthetic, moral, and rational-realistic dimensions, it is argued that antifan engagement with television forces a reevaluation of existing assumptions of textual ontology and of audience behavior and consumption.
Dividend behavior of lodging firms: Heckman's two-step approach.

Abstract This study examines lodging firms’ dividend behavior with a framework that clearly distinguishes between the two steps of dividend decisions: whether or not to pay and how much to pay. This study also investigates how firm characteristics influence the payment and amount decisions of dividends. Heckman's two-step approach is used for data analyses because it can differentiate between the two stages of dividend decisions, precluding potential sample selection bias. Results imply that the way in which firm characteristics affect the two steps of dividend decisions are indeed different. The payment of dividends is determined by many firm financial characteristics, the previous year's dividend amount, and some external year-specific events. The variation in the amount of dividends, by contrast, is not explained by such firm characteristics. Only the previous year's dividend amount and some year-specific events have a significant impact on the decision of dividend amount. Results also present some interesting findings, which may contribute to a better understanding of lodging firms’ unique dividend behavior.
The Importance of Relationships for a Quality Learning Environment in Interactive TV Classrooms

Abstract This article describes the wide range of roles developed as part of a distance education program, with an emphasis on the importance of students' relationships with the people in these roles—a critical and controversial aspect of the new “electronic classroom” (Treagust, Waldrip, & Horley, 1993). Analysis based on data collected from on- and off-campus students, faculty, and staff indicates that many types of relationships among individuals involved in a distance education program are important in creating a positive learning environment.
The effect of ball size on the energy efficiency of hybrid high-pressure roll mill/ball mill grinding

Abstract To find ways to reduce energy consumption in comminution, dolomite was ground in a hybrid grinding system, involving the operation of a laboratory-scale high-pressure roll mill and ball mill in series. The work presented here has demonstrated the energy efficiency of the hybrid system can be increased by reducing ball size, provided the roll mill product contains sufficient internal damage to allow for the use of the smaller balls. There is an optimum range of energy partitioning between the high-pressure roll mill and the ball mill in the hybrid system. The increased efficiency of hybrid grinding is related to the particle damage imparted by the roll mill, as evidenced by the increased breakage rates of high-pressure roll mill product relative to particles that had not been roll milled.
A gas chromatographic analysis of the release of arabinose from coleoptile cell walls under the influence of auxin and dextranase preparations

An analysis by gas chromatography of the products of digestion of cell wall pellets of Avena sativa L., coleoptiles shows that after short term autolysis of pellets from auxin-rich plants, arabinose is released. Addition of arabinan as a substrate increases the yield of arabinose considerably, suggesting that a similar substance is broken down in the walls. In pellets from auxin-poor coleoptiles much less arabinose is released and addition of arabinan has no effect. Dextranase preparations stimulate this release and can also break down arabinan. This suggests that auxin and a dextranase-like enzyme are involved in the process.