cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary Submarine Cements and Neomorphic Spar in a Stromatolitic-Bound Phylloid Algal Bioherm, Laborcita Formation (Wolfcampian), Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, U.S.A.

Several mound-shaped bioherms with a maximum depositional relief of 12 m are developed within and upon a tabular limestone stratum in the middle of the Laborcita Formation (Lower Permian; Wolfcampian) in the Sacramento Mountains, near Tularosa, New Mexico, U.S.A. The bioherms are constructed by a restricted biota of erect codiacean (?) phylloid algae encrusted by wavy-laminar, digitate, and mammillary stromatolites preserved in living habit. Mound morphology, biotic constituents and stratigraphie relations are described elsewhere (Cross and Klosterman, this vol.). Primary void space was created as sheltered cavities within and between phylloid algal fronds during development of the bioherms. Although the algal constituents supported weight and created an interlocking organic constructional framework, penecontemporaneous submarine botryoidal cements precipitated within sheltered cavities contributed significantly to mechanical rigidity and prevented the collapse of the primary biotic framework. In this respect, these cements had a more important mechanical function than similar cement fabrics described from other reef and biohermal structures of Paleozoic through Holocene age, in which precipitation occurs within already rigid framework-supported void space.
Synchronously diagnosed pre-sacral neurofibroma and cutaneous spitzoid melanoma: a fortuitous association?

Background At a U.S prevalence of 1 in 3000, Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF-1) is a relatively common disorder. Amongst a variety of others, occurrence of 2 or more neurofibromas in the same patient represents one of the major diagnostic criteria for this disorder. Rarely, ocular, cutaneous or anorectal malignant melanomas may be identified in patients with NF-1, This rare association has caused controversy as to whether patients with NF-1 have an inherently higher risk for melanomas or whether the associations can be explained by chance alone.
Emergency Department Visits for Medical Device-Associated Adverse Events Among Children

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to provide national estimates of emergency department (ED) visits for medical device-associated adverse events (MDAEs) in the pediatric population and to characterize these events further. METHODS: ED medical record reports from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program database from January 1, 2004, through December 21, 2005, were reviewed. MDAEs among pediatric patients were identified, and data were abstracted. National estimates for pediatric MDAEs were determined according to medical specialty, device category and class, injury diagnosis, and patient characteristics and outcome. RESULTS: The total estimated number of pediatric MDAEs during the 24-month period was 144799 (95% confidence interval: 113051–183903), involving devices from 13 medical specialties. Contact lenses accounted for most MDAEs (23%), followed by hypodermic needles (8%). The distribution of MDAEs according to medical specialty varied according to age subgroup. The most-prevalent types of injuries included contusions/abrasions, foreign-body intrusions, punctures, lacerations, and infections. The most-frequently affected body parts were the eyeball, pubic region, finger, face, and ear. The majority of pediatric MDAEs involved class II (moderate-risk) devices. The incidence of pediatric MDAEs decreased with increasing age from early to late childhood and then spiked after 10 years of age. More girls than boys were affected at older ages (16–21 years) and more boys than girls at younger ages (≤10 years). Hospitalizations were more likely to involve invasive or implanted devices. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides national estimates of pediatric MDAEs resulting in ED visits and highlights the need to develop interventions to prevent pediatric device-related injuries.
Expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and excretion of secretory IgA in the postischemic kidney.

The humoral mucosal immune response of the kidney involves the transport of secretory IgA (S-IgA) through renal epithelial cells by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). The pIgR is cleaved...
Effects of auditory input in individuation tasks.

Under many conditions auditory input interferes with visual processing, especially early in development. These interference effects are often more pronounced when the auditory input is unfamiliar than when the auditory input is familiar (e.g. human speech, pre-familiarized sounds, etc.). The current study extends this research by examining how auditory input affects 8- and 14-month-olds’ performance on individuation tasks. The results of the current study indicate that both unfamiliar sounds and words interfered with infants’ performance on an individuation task, with cross-modal interference effects being numerically stronger for unfamiliar sounds. The effects of auditory input on a variety of lexical tasks are discussed.
Ion Beam Techniques for the Deposition of Ceramic Thin Films

Broad-beam multiaperture ion sources are capable of generating collimated ion beams of narrow energy spread and high flux at low background pressure. These features allow the preparation of compound thin films under highly controlled conditions. The operation of broad-beam ion sources is summarized, followed by two examples of compound formation using ion beams: surface compound layer formation (e.g., ion beam oxidation of Ni); and reactive compound deposition (e.g., dual ion beam deposition of Si3N4). In each case, the quantitative information inherent in the ion beam technique adds to the understanding and control of the film growth environment. Areas of ion source development are also discussed.
Tuning shape of three dimensional graphene sheets

Abstract 3D graphene has been explored as an important material and catalyst for many applications. However, it is still a challenge to tune the shape of 3D graphene sheets. Herein, it is demonstrated that the shapes of 3D graphene sheets, which were synthesized from the reaction between Li 2 O and CO, are strongly dependent on the particle size of Li 2 O. When Li 2 O particle size was very small (about 400 nm), the formed graphene sheets possessed a granulated shape. However, as Li 2 O particle size increased, the shape of the synthesized graphene sheets changed to flower-structure and then to honeycomb-structure. Furthermore, the shape change of graphene from the granulated to the honeycomb-structured can increase its electro-catalytic efficiency as a counter electrode catalyst for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Work-Life Optimization: Using Big Data and Analytics to Facilitate Work-Life Balance

Work-life balance (WLB) is described as the balance between work engagements and activities outside of work. Upon inspection it is clear that work-life balance is quite a complex system of different factors, and optimization of WLB does not equate to simply working less. Organizations are clearly impacted by the presence, or lack thereof, of current WLB initiatives. Several factors have increased imbalances within organizations, and technology specifically has been influential. However, technology also provides a novel solution to this organizational performance management issue. A Work-Life Optimization model (WLO) is suggested, which incorporates information systems, analytics, and decision support into a Smart Service System. A general framework for this model, detailing data collection, measurement, and ethical issues is explained briefly. Outcomes include improved WLB, greater perceived quality of life, and increased organizational performance.
Different kinetic pathways of early stage calcium-phosphate cluster aggregation induced by carboxylate-containing polymers.

Acidic proteins are critical to biomineral formation, although their precise mechanistic function remains poorly understood. A number of recent studies have suggested a nonclassical mineralization model that emphasizes the importance of the formation of polymer-stabilized mineral clusters or particles; however, it has been difficult to characterize the precursors experimentally due to their transient nature. Here, we successfully captured stepwise evolution of transient CaP clusters in mineralizing solutions and studied the roles of functional polymers with laser light scattering (LLS) to determine how these polymers influence the stability of nanoclusters. We found that the polymer structure can alter CaP aggregation mechanisms, whereas the polymer concentration strongly influences the rate of CaP aggregation. Our results indicate that the ability of acidic biomolecules to control the formation of relatively stable nanoclusters in the early stages may be critical for intrafibrillar mineralization. More i...
Dental Caries in the Cotton Rat IX. Effect of Milk Rations

SummaryData on growth and caries indices of cotton rats fed various mill, rations were secured from these experimentsThe data indicate that milk is piotective againit dental caries in the cotton rat. Previous findings of Zero scores in animals fed only liquid mill were confirmed. Animals reciving milk to which sucrose, glucose or dextri-maltose had been added exhibited low caries scores as compared with controls on a cariogenic dry ration. These sugars will producecaries when fed in dry ration. The caries indices of animals receivinq approximately one-third of their caloric intake as liquid millk and the remainder as the cariogenic ration 8.02 were less by 50% than those of litter-mate controls not receiving milk.
A genetically encoded probe for the identification of proteins that form sulfenic acid in response to H2O2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

It is widely known that reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, play important roles in cellular signaling and initiation of oxidative stress responses via thiol modifications. Id...
Changes in ovine renal sympathetic nerve activity and baroreflex function at birth

The purposes of this study were to characterize the changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and baroreflex function at birth in conscious sheep. One hour after delivery by cesarean secti...
General issues in the care of children with chronic physical conditions.

There are common issues in the care of all children with chronic illnesses regardless of the specific diagnosis. This article summarizes these broad principles for the care of all children with chronic illness.
Future of Policing in Hong Kong

On July 1, 1997 Hong Kong was reverted back to Chinese rule as a Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) under a one country, two systems constitutional framework. Under the Sino-British Joint Declaration (1987) HKSAR would be administered with “a high degree of autonomy” for at least 50 years after 1997.
Solder Joint Fatigue Life Prediction of Electronic Packages Using Combined FEA and Peridynamics

A new analysis method for solder joint fatigue life prediction is introduced. The method utilizes a combination of finite element method (FEM) and peridynamic (PD) theory. The thermal cycle simulation is performed using FEM to obtain deformation field, which is imposed as boundary conditions to the PD model. Fatigue crack initiation and its progression is captured in PD simulations. The approach is demonstrated on five packages. Qualitative and quantitative results of the PD analyses are shown. The life predictions based on FEM for all packages as well as predictions using PD on two packages are presented.
Neurological Complications of Cardiac Disease

This article focuses on the complex interactions between the cardiovascular and neurologic systems. Initially, we focus on neurological complications in children with congenital heart disease both secondary to the underlying cardiac disease and complications of interventions. We later discuss diagnosis and management of common syncope syndromes with emphasis on vasovagal syncope. We also review the diagnosis, classification, and management of children and adolescents with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Lastly, we discuss long QT syndrome and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), reviewing advances in genetics and current knowledge of pathophysiology of these conditions. This article attempts to provide an overview of these disorders with focus on pathophysiology, advances in molecular genetics, and current medical interventions.
Mobile Augmented Reality: Placing Labels Based on Gaze Position

The arrangement of Augmented Reality (AR) labels on mobile displays can cause problems when the labels over populate the screen space. This can result in occlusion, not only of real scene, but also of other labels annotating the scene. We are developing view management systems that arrange and display AR content based on user attention. We present a pilot user study that tests speed and accuracy on a simple information retrieval task on simulated AR scenarios. We varied the presentation in two ways: a naive approach and a gaze-based approach. The results did not show statistical differences between the two methods, yet results from this study provide valuable insight for subsequent studies.
Should Repeat Offenders Be Punished More Severely for Their Crimes

Debate persists as to the amount of influence criminal history should have in determining the severity of imposed legal sanction for a criminal offense. One position maintains that the punishment for repeat and first-time offenders convicted for the same type of offense should be similar, whereas an alternative viewpoint argues that the state should sanction repeat offenders more harshly. We contribute to this discourse by investigating whether the amount of weight given to an offender’s prior criminal record in sentencing affects the likelihood of repeat offending. Although initial findings showed that a substantive negative bivariate relationship existed at the county level between the weight-accorded prior criminal record in sentencing and repeat offending, this association disappeared in a more sophisticated nonlinear multilevel analysis. Our findings suggest that sanctioning repeat offenders more harshly than first-time offenders for similar offenses has little effect on attenuating repeat offending ...
Wittgenstein and Classical Pragmatism

My paper compares Wittgenstein to the three classical pragmatist, Charles Sanders Peirce, William James , and John Dewey . It is well known that Frank Ramsey read and cited Peirce, although we can only conjecture what, if anything, he may have communicated of Peirce to Wittgenstein or if Wittgenstein ever read him for himself. Through Ramsey, we will explore some of the similarities between Wittgenstein and Peirce, including the typically pragmatist emphasis on intelligent action and its relation to doubt. One important difference is Peirce and pragmatism’s emphasis on embodied habits. We will also examine the well-documented influence of James on Wittgenstein. Many of Wittgenstein’s criticisms of psychology can most likely be traced to errors he initially found in James. However, there are many likely sources of positive influence on Wittgenstein as well including perhaps the notion of an inherited world picture, his unique theory of universals along with his holism, historicism, and anti-foundationalism . While Wittgenstein has many positive things to say about James , he is entirely negative in his remarks about Dewey. Ironically, we will find that Dewey is the pragmatist with whom most commentators have identified thematic resonances to Wittgenstein.
Arbitrarily Curved and Twisted Space Beams

A derivation of the equations which govern the deformation of an arbitrarily curved and twisted space beam is presented. These equations differ from those of the classical theory in that (1) extensional effects are included; (2) the strain-displacement relations are derived; and (3) the expressions for the stress resultants are developed from the strain displacement relations. It is shown that the torsional stress resultant obtained by the classical approach is basically incorrect except when the cross-section is circular. The governing equations are given in the form of first-order differential equations. A numerical algorithm is given for obtaining the natural vibration characteristics and example problems are presented.
Identifying Causal Effects of Reproductive Health Improvements on Women's Economic Empowerment Through the Population Poverty Research Initiative

Policy Points: Improvements in reproductive health lead to improvements in women's economic empowerment. Contraceptive use improves women's agency, education, and labor force participation; higher maternal age at first birth (reducing adolescent childbearing) increases the likelihood of school completion and participation in the formal labor market; and having fewer children increases labor market participation. Reproductive health is not just a benefit to a woman's individual rights, but her gateway for breaking free from her poverty trap and improving the welfare of herself, her children, and her household. CONTEXT Women's access to employment, business opportunities, and financial resources is critical to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals over the next 15 years. With increased attention to women's economic empowerment among donors and policymakers across the globe, this moment is a pivotal one in which to review the current state of the research on this topic. METHODS We reviewed the Population and Poverty (PopPov) Research Initiative results from the past 10 years with attention to the causal link between reproductive health improvements and women's economic empowerment, in addition to seminal research that informed our understanding of the link. FINDINGS Our review of PopPov findings revealed that improvements in reproductive health do lead to improvements in women's economic empowerment; expanding contraceptive use improves women's agency, education, and labor force participation; higher maternal age at first birth (reducing adolescent childbearing) increases the likelihood of school completion and participation in the formal labor market; and having fewer children increases labor force participation. CONCLUSIONS Gaps remain in measuring women's work and in the full exploration of women's economic empowerment. More research is needed regarding the long-term impact of reproductive health improvements on women's economic empowerment, as some studies have shown that at times unintended negative consequences occur after early positive improvements.
Effective Transitions to Kindergarten for Children with Disabilities

This chapter examines the transition process to kindergarten for children with disabilities, from those who are medically fragile to those who have language delays. Overall, while transition process and practices for children with disabilities are similar as for their typically developing peers (Rous. (2008). Recommended transition practices for young children and families: Results from a national validation survey (Technical Report No. 3). Lexington: University of Kentucky, Human Development Institute, National Early Childhood Transition Center. Available at http://www.hdi.uky.edu/nectc/NECTC/Publications/papers.aspx), the transition experience is often more intense and varied (e.g., (Daley, T.C., Munk, T., & Carlson, E. (2011). Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 26, 409–419); (Dockett, S., & Perry, B. (2004). International Journal of Early Years Education, 12, 217–230); (Hanson, M.J., Beckman, P.J., Horn, E., Marquart, J., Sandall, S.R., Greig, D. (2000). Journal of Early Intervention, 23, 279–293); (Janus, M., Kopechanski, L., Cameron, R., & Hughes, D. (2008). Early Childhood Education Journal, 35, 479–485)). Transitions to kindergarten often require the cooperation of persons from multiple programs and diverse early care settings; the need for specialized services for children with disabilities can significantly increase the number and nature of staff who are involved in this process. This chapter examines four components of kindergarten transition processes for children with disabilities. We begin by considering the outcomes of successful transition practice: positive outcomes for children, families, and teachers. To undergird this discussion, we present an expanded conceptual model for transition and review key transition elements and barriers to those elements that continue to be problematic. Based on the latest research, we present evidence-based practices to inform improved transitions and conclude with an examination of resultant policy implications.
Generating Tandem Repeats by Cloning with Double Initiator Fragments

The ability to generate tandem repeats of a DNA sequence has proven important for a large variety of studies of DNA structure and function. The most commonly used method to produce tandem repeats involves cloning of an oligomerized monomer sequence that contains asymmetric overlapping ends, but, in practice, this approach is inefficient because of the circularization of oligomers before they ligate into vector. Described here is a method that circumvents this problem by the use of two separate oligomerization reactions, each containing an initiator fragment onto which monomer polymerizes without circularization. Subsequent mixing of the two reactions permits circularization, generating a viable plasmid containing the sum of the added repeats from each reaction. A variation of this method is also demonstrated that permits the synthesis of constructs with a defined number of repeats.
BOGO or 50% Off?: The Impact of Sales Promotions and Shopping Channels on Apparel Shopping Behaviors

The study aims to test the difference between the online and offline consumer responses to two sales promotion tactics (i.e., bonus packs and price discounts). Three online experiments were conducted, and as a result, Study 1 found that price discounts were perceived as prevention-focused and bonus packs as promotion-focused promotion. Study 2 then found that promotion-oriented participants chose bonus packs (vs. price discounts) more than prevention-focused participants. Lastly, Study 3 showed that participants in the online condition found the sales promotion more attractive and were more likely to purchase the product when the promotion was presented as the price discount (50% off) than the bonus pack (BOGO) while participants in the offline condition rated both promotion tactics equally. This study provides important insights for sales promotion and multichannel retailing, by addressing subtle differences induced by different shopping channels, and emphasizes the importance of developing channel-specific sales promotion strategies.
Differential Expression of PGC1α in Intratumor Redox Subpopulations of Breast Cancer

Our previous studies indicate that the mitochondrial redox state and its intratumor heterogeneity are associated with invasiveness and metastatic potential in human breast cancer cell models and mouse xenografts. To further study the molecular basis of redox heterogeneity, we obtained the fluorescence images of Fp (oxidized flavoproteins containing flavin adenine dinucleotide, i.e., FAD), NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and the Fp redox ratio (FpR = Fp/(Fp + NADH)) of MDA-MB-231 xenografts by the Chance redox scanner, then isolated the intratumoral redox subpopulations by dissection according to the redox ratio image. A total of 12 subpopulations were isolated from 4 tumors (2–4 locations from each tumor). The 12 subpopulations were classified into 3 FpR groups: high FpR (HFpR, n = 4, FpR range 0.78–0.92, average 0.85), medium FpR (MFpR, n = 5, FpR range 0.39–0.68, average 0.52), and low FpR (LFpR, n = 3, FpR range 0.15–0.28, average 0.20). The RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) analysis on these redox subpopulations showed that PGC-1α is significantly upregulated in the HFpR redox group compared to the MFpR group (fold change 2.1, p = 0.008), but not significantly different between MFpR and LFpR groups, or between HFpR and LFpR groups. These results indicate that optical redox imaging (ORI)-based redox subpopulations exhibit differential expression of PGC1α gene and suggest that PGC1α might play a role in redox mediation of breast cancer progression.
Online Health Promotion to Reduce Cancer Risk: Lessons From Learning With Alaska’s Tribal Primary Care Providers

Background: Alaska's tribal primary care providers in rural Alaska - community health aides and practitioners (CHA/Ps) - requested online education about cancer for themselves and their communities. Aim: A research team at the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium engaged in community-based participatory action research to develop culturally respectful online cancer education to support CHA/Ps to increase their knowledge, reduce their own cancer risk, and share cancer information. Methods: This project created ten online learning modules, a semester-long online course that combined the modules with synchronous conversations, and a supplemental webinar series. All modules were community-based and collaboratively developed with input from a community advisory group of CHA/Ps, content experts, and interested partners. Learners completed an evaluation survey at the end of each module and webinar. Course participants completed a precourse assessment, and evaluations at the end of each module, at the end of th...
Qualitative Assessment: A Methological Review:

Over the past decade, social workers have been encouraged to use measurement and other assessment methodologies grounded in the research traditions of the empirical practice model. Qualitative or c...
A predator in the park: mixed methods analysis of user preference for coyotes in urban parks

This mixed methods study explores the relative preference people in the United States have for sharing leisure space in their local urban parks with coyotes. Two rounds of survey data (n= 482) and ...
Gait kinematics & kinetics at three walking speeds in individuals with chronic ankle instability and ankle sprain copers.

Abstract Background Individuals with CAI have demonstrated a more inverted foot position during walking when compared to a healthy control group. Copers are individuals who have had an ankle sprain but learn to cope and return to pre-injury levels of function and may be a better comparison group than healthy controls because they have had the same initial injury. Research question A controlled laboratory study was performed to simultaneously analyze differences in lower extremity walking gait kinematics, kinetics, and surface electromyography (EMG) between individuals with CAI and copers at a preferred walking speed (PWS), 120% preferred walking speed (120WS), and standardized walking speed (SWS) of 1.34 m/s. Methods Thirty-six (18 coper, 18 CAI) physically active individuals participated. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics at the ankle, knee, and hip and EMG amplitude for fibularis longus, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, and gluteus medius muscles were analyzed. Ten consecutive strides from each speed were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). A 2 × 3 group by speed ANOVA and post-hoc t-tests were used to compare differences between the coper and CAI groups. Results The CAI group had more ankle inversion at IC (PWS: MD = 4.2°, d = 1.08; 120WS: MD = 5.0°, d = 1.28; SWS: MD = 6.6°, d = 1.37) and greater peak inversion throughout swing at all three walking speeds (PWS: MD = 4.2°, d = 0.89; 120WS: MD = 4.4°, d = 0.91; SWS: MD = 6.2°, d = 1.21). The CAI group had greater peak hip adduction during swing (PWS: MD = 4.5°, d = 0.96; 120WS: MD = 4.1°, d = 1.04; SWS: MD = 3.6°, d = 0.98). Significance The CAI group demonstrated greater ankle inversion at IC and during the swing phase and greater peak hip adduction during the swing phase compared to the copers. As the speed increased, ankle inversion in the CAI group also increased which could be linked to greater risk of recurrent sprains. Therefore, modeling gait training programs after the coper mechanics may be advantageous.
Initial Diagnosis of Neutropenia and Later Crohn’s Disease

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) can initially present with inflammatory bowel disease and progress to a picture of humoral immunodeficiency The laboratory diagnosis of CVID requires at least two classes of antibodies to be subnormal, including IgG, and most typically IgG and IgA Antibody analyses should also indicate failure to mount good post-vaccination responses Immunodeficiency and autoimmunity are not the opposites as previously though, but are now know to share multiple genes, as a consequence, autoimmunity may appear before symptoms of immunodeficiency
The Role of Merlin/NF2 Loss in Meningioma Biology.

Mutations in the neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene were among the first genetic alterations implicated in meningioma tumorigenesis, based on analysis of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) patients who not only develop vestibular schwannomas but later have a high incidence of meningiomas. The NF2 gene product, merlin, is a tumor suppressor that is thought to link the actin cytoskeleton with plasma membrane proteins and mediate contact-dependent inhibition of proliferation. However, the early recognition of the crucial role of NF2 mutations in the pathogenesis of the majority of meningiomas has not yet translated into useful clinical insights, due to the complexity of merlin’s many interacting partners and signaling pathways. Next-generation sequencing studies and increasingly sophisticated NF2-deletion-based in vitro and in vivo models have helped elucidate the consequences of merlin loss in meningioma pathogenesis. In this review, we seek to summarize recent findings and provide future directions toward potential therapeutics for this tumor.
Toward Predicting Intermetallics Surface Properties with High-Throughput DFT and Convolutional Neural Networks

The surface energy of inorganic crystals is important in understanding experimentally relevant surface properties and designing materials for many applications. Predictive methods and data sets exist for surface energies of monometallic crystals. However, predicting these properties for bimetallic or more complicated surfaces is an open challenge. Computing cleavage energy is the first step in calculating surface energy across a large space. Here, we present a workflow to predict cleavage energies ab initio using high-throughput DFT and a machine learning framework. We calculated the cleavage energy of 3033 intermetallic alloys with combinations of 36 elements and 47 space groups. This high-throughput workflow was used to seed a database of cleavage energies. The database was used to train a crystal graph convolutional neural network (CGCNN). The CGCNN model provides an accurate prediction of cleavage energy with a mean absolute test error of 0.0071 eV/A2. It can also qualitatively reproduce nanoparticle surface distributions (Wulff constructions). Our workflow provides quantitative insights into unexplored chemical space by predicting which surfaces are relatively stable and therefore more realistic. The insights allow us to down-select interesting candidates that we can study with robust theoretical and experimental methods for applications such as catalyst screening and nanomaterials synthesis.
An emergency department order set for buprenorphine-naloxone (SUBOXONE®) initiation

Emergency Department (ED)-based initiation of buprenorphine-naloxone is increasingly recognized as standard care in treating patients with opioid withdrawal and opioid use disorders. We provide an ...
Racial Preoccupations, Realism, and Elite Perspective in Joseph O’Neill’s Netherland

I argue that Joseph O’Neill’s Netherland is a novel offering fascinating criticisms of white, Eurocentric perspectives when understood within the context of research about conservative Caucasian re...
Urban invaders are not bold risk-takers: a study of 3 invasive lizards in Southern California

Biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide, and therefore, understanding the traits of successful invaders could mitigate their spread. Many commonly invasive species do well in disturbed habitats, such as urban environments, and their abilities to effectively respond to disturbances could contribute to their invasiveness. Yet, there are noninvasive species that also do well in disturbed habitats. The question remains whether urban invaders behave differently in urban environments than noninvaders, which could suggest an "urban-exploiting" phenotype. In Southern California, the co-occurrence of invasive Italian wall lizards Podarcis siculus, brown anoles Anolis sagrei, and green anoles A. carolinensis, and native western fence lizards Sceloporus occidentalis offers an opportunity to test whether invasives exhibit consistent differences in risk-taking within human-altered habitats compared with a native species. We predicted that invasive lizards would exhibit more bold behavior by having shorter flight-initiation distances (FIDs) and by being found farther from a refuge (behaviors that would presumably maximize foraging in low-risk environments). Invasive populations had similar or longer FIDs, but were consistently found at distances closer to a refuge. Collectively, invasive lizards in urban habitats were not bolder than a native species. Reliance on nearby refuges might help species successfully invade urban habitats, and if a general pattern, may pose an added challenge in detecting or eliminating them.
A mixture design approach for mitigating cracking issue of asphalt concrete pavement

Abstract The traditional Superpave mixture (SP4) is designed at 4.0% air voids while the mixture is compacted at 7%-8% air voids in the field with the belief that the pavement will achieve its ultimate density after several years. Several studies have reported that the maximum density that a pavement can achieve is about 94%. This higher air voids provide an easy pathway for air into the pavement, which eventually accelerates the aging process and results in premature cracking of the pavement. To this end, this study provides an enhanced mixture design approach in which mixture will be designed at 5% air voids (SP5) and compacted at the same air voids in the field so that the higher in-place density will enhance the fracture strength of the mixture and minimize the aging process. First, the traditional SP4 mixture design has been completed using two different aggregates and binders. Then, the SP5 mixture design is accomplished by reducing the design number of gyrations from 100 to 55 and adjusting the aggregate gradation while keeping the effective binder content the same as SP4. The laboratory Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device (HWTD) and Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) tests have been conducted to evaluate the rutting and fracture properties of the SP4 and SP5 mixtures. In addition, Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) has also been conducted to observe the low-temperature cracking performance of the SP4 and SP5 mixtures. The HWTD test results reveal that the SP5 mixture has equal or better rutting resistance properties than the SP4. Based on the fracture energy obtained from SCB test data, the SP5 mixtures exhibit better-cracking resistance than that of SP4 mixtures, which implies that the SP5 mixture will delay in crack initiation and propagation. The TSRST test results show that the SP5 mixture has improved low-temperature cracking property compared to the SP4 mixture. Therefore, the SP5 mixture design procedure will mitigate the cracking issue of asphalt concrete pavement.
Control–value theory of achievement emotions: A closer look at student value appraisals and enjoyment

Abstract This research investigates potential definition, measurement, and overlap issues with students' (N = 1321) intrinsic and extrinsic value appraisals and enjoyment in the control value theory of achievement emotions (CVTAE). In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis (n = 479) found clear distinctions between intrinsic value, extrinsic value, and enjoyment. Follow up confirmatory factor analysis (n = 274) confirmed these distinctions in a separate sample. Intrinsic and extrinsic values were found to be separate constructs. Correlational relationships suggest that both intrinsic value and enjoyment are related but distinct variables as well. In Study 2 (n = 568), a CVTAE model using the confirmed variables was used to predict relationships with students' academic buoyancy and adaptability, explaining 16.6% and 48.9% of the variance, respectively. These studies show the importance of delineating separate factors for intrinsic value and extrinsic value and clearly highlight distinctions between intrinsic value and enjoyment from a CVTAE perspective.
Bidirectional Blockchain

Ensuring the authenticity and integrity of data transferred over the Internet is still a daunting task. Although various mechanisms have been proposed to strengthen the key management infrastructure, they still rely on trusted third parties (TTPs) or require additional entities to monitor the system. This paper introduces Bidirectional Blockchain — a collection of protocols that ensure the authenticity of data sent from a collection of one or more servers to distributed clients (e.g., Internet of Things (IoT) devices) without relying on TTPs. Bidirectional Blockchain is based on the benefits of multi-party computation and blockchain to ensure the secrecy of keys used to sign the distributed data and the correctness and integrity of the received data, respectively. We implemented Bidirectional Blockchain on a Raspberry Pi, and our evaluation results confirm that Bidirectional Blockchain is lightweight and hence can be used to secure a variety of data transactions, including software updates, even on resource-constrained devices.
Efficacy of Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Preventing Infections in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

Abstract Introduction Despite many recent advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Prior studies have shown mixed results using intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to prevent infections in MM and were conducted prior to most modern MM therapies. Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients with MM treated with IVIG at our institution from 2010 to 2017. The primary endpoint was the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of infectious events (IEs) per patient-year during IVIG versus observation. Results A total of 68 patients were included; 151 IEs occurred during 918 months of IVIG treatment, whereas 446 IEs occurred during 2484 months of observation. Although the annual rate of IEs was substantially higher during periods of progressive disease (PD) compared with non-PD (4.9 vs. 1.8; P Conclusion Although treatment with IVIG did not show benefit in the overall population, there may be subgroups of patients that derive significant benefit. Additional observational studies are needed to confirm these findings and further refine patient selection.
A case of distal limb arterial tortuosity and dilation: observations and potential clinical significance

Arterial tortuosity describes variation via bending of the arterial wall and has been noted in several arteries throughout the body. Tortuous blood vessels can cause nerve compression, as well as present difficulties to surgeons and radiologists. Here we present an unusual case of multi-vessel arterial tortuosity discovered in 78-year-old Hispanic male cadaver, independent of systemic pathology. The left ulnar and right tibial arteries were dissected, and using calibrated digital calipers, their external and internal diameters were measured both at the origin site and at the site of greatest dilation. Both wall thickness and the number of inflection points were also measured. Six bends were noticed in the ulnar artery and its diameter measured 8.11 mm at its widest, with a wall thickness of 0.88mm. On the lower extremity, the right tibial artery had three bends and its diameter measured 4.86 mm at its widest, with a wall thickness of 1.32 mm. This uncommon tortuosity is not only more prone to laceration during surgery, but the bending and thickening can be mistaken for tumors. Finally, fluid dynamics can be altered, resulting in an impact on blood pressure in the extremities. Thus, raising awareness is crucial to prevent both symptoms and iatrogenic complications.
Neural Networks with Inputs Based on Domain of Dependence and A Converging Sequence for Solving Conservation Laws, Part I: 1D Riemann Problems.

Recent research works for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated that spatiotemporal function approximators defined by auto-differentiation are effective for approximating nonlinear problems, e.g. the Burger's equation, heat conduction equations, Allen-Cahn and other reaction-diffusion equations, and Navier-Stokes equation. Meanwhile, researchers apply automatic differentiation in physics-informed neural network (PINN) to solve nonlinear hyperbolic systems based on conservation laws with highly discontinuous transition, such as Riemann problem, by inverse problem formulation in data-driven approach. However, it remains a challenge for forward methods using DNNs without knowing part of the solution to resolve discontinuities in nonlinear conservation laws. In this study, we incorporate 1st order numerical schemes into DNNs to set up the loss functional approximator instead of auto-differentiation from traditional deep learning framework, e.g. TensorFlow package, which improves the effectiveness of capturing discontinuities in Riemann problems. In particular, the 2-Coarse-Grid neural network (2CGNN) and 2-Diffusion-Coefficient neural network (2DCNN) are introduced in this work. We use 2 solutions of a conservation law from a converging sequence, computed from a low-cost numerical scheme, and in a domain of dependence of a space-time grid point as the input for a neural network to predict its high-fidelity solution at the grid point. Despite smeared input solutions, they output sharp approximations to solutions containing shocks and contacts and are efficient to use once trained.
Fertility and Autoimmune Disease

Publisher Summary This chapter explores potential mechanisms of immune-mediated infertility, the roles that the systemic autoimmune diseases and autoimmunity might play in infertility, the effects of infertility therapy on autoimmune diseases, and how treatment of autoimmune disease is related to infertility in women. Autoimmune diseases have a predilection for women of reproductive age. In the United States, approximately 8.5 million people are affected by autoimmune disease. Eighty-five percent of these are women. Fertility and fecundity in women with these conditions are of obvious importance. Autoimmunity is an immune reaction to self, usually due to a loss of tolerance. The pathologic mechanisms is cellular or humoral, involving autoreactive T lymphocytes, autoantibodies, or immune complexes containing autoantigens. A variety of human tissues are susceptible to attack by autoimmune mechanisms. How the human reproductive tract tissues avoid disruption by the normally functioning immune system is as yet unknown. One might surmise that breeches in the immunologic refuge given to a conceptus or spermatozoa lead to infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL); indeed immunologic mechanisms have been ascribed to both. Both direct and indirect immune effects potentially lead to reproductive failure. Direct effects of antibodies against reproductive tissues, such as ovaries, sperm, and endometrium, can damage reproductive tissue. Indirect effects, such as immune-mediated endocrine abnormalities, vascular abnormalities, and inflammation, play a significant role.
Synthesis and Assembly of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein and Related Glycoproteins

Several cell surface proteins, of quite diverse origin, have in common a number of key structural characteristics: the surface glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and sindbis virus; influenza HA glycoprotein; and possibly surface glycoproteins of other viruses; glycophorin, a major erythrocyte surface protein; and the heavy chain of the HLAA and H-2 major histocompatibility antigens. All of these are structural proteins, and appear to be involved in cell-cell or virus-cell recognition. All of these polypeptides span the phospholipid bilayer only once (Fig. 1). In all of these proteins a region of 10–30 amino acids at the COOH terminus faces the cytoplasmic surface. This region contains a number of hydrophilic amino acids. Adjacent to this region is a sequence of 20–25 very hydrophobic amino acids believed to be the segment that spans the lipid membrane. Adjacent to either the NH2 or the COOH end of this hydrophobic stretch are often a series of lysine and arginine residues; possibly, these interact with the phosphate residues of the phospholipid bilayer. Recent work indicates that fatty acids are covalently bound to serine or threonine residues near the COOH terminus of at least some of these proteins. The remainder of the polypeptide chain (which varies considerably in size among these polypeptide species) is on the extracytoplasmic surface, as are all of the attached carbohydrate chains.
Temperature dependence of photoluminescence in Cd3(As¢P1-¢)2 alloys

Abstract The temperature dependence of photoluminescence has been studied in several alloys of the Cd3(As¢P1-¢)2 system. The maximum of the luminescence occurs at a higher energy than the optical absorption edge in arsenic-rich samples. The temperature coefficient of the position of the luminescence maximum is observed to undergo a sign reversal at about x = 0.12. An explanation of these effects is offered in terms of the band structure of the alloys series.
Becoming the State in Northern Australia: Urbanisation, Intra-Indigenous Relatedness, and the State Effect

In Australia's Northern Territory, the Larrakia have been involved in a decades-long effort to gain recognition as traditional owners through Land Rights and Native Title legislation. From one perspective, their claims have failed to achieve the entitlement and recognition grounded in these governmental regimes (Scambary 2007; Povinelli 2002). However, over the past decade the Larrakia Nation Aboriginal Corporation (LNAC) and the Larrakia Development Corporation (LDC) have emerged as locally powerful corporate bodies that pursue programs and exercise forms of power on behalf of the Larrakia that can be understood in terms of state and governmental practice. Through suburban development, a night patrol, educational and vocational training, a radio station, and through forms of policy research and statistical enumeration, the Larrakia nation have emerged in the eyes of many as a de facto Aboriginal ‘state’ in the Darwin region. This paper explores the intra-Indigenous relations through which these practices have emerged, and analyses the extent to which the LNAC might be understood as a kind of ‘state’ within a state, responsible for world-shaping activities of knowledge production, housing and health outreach, vocational training and education, and policing. Focussing on the forms of ‘stateness’ that accrue to the Larrakia Nation in Darwin through its policing, knowledge production, and outreach programs for Aboriginal campers, the article explores the differential articulation of Aboriginal groups with the state. It concludes by asking how such differences matter in contexts of planned urbanisation in the Northern Territory.