cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Her4 and Her2/neu Tyrosine Kinase Domains Dimerize and Activate in a Reconstituted in Vitro System

Her4 (ErbB-4) and Her2/neu (ErbB-2) are receptor-tyrosine kinases belonging to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Crystal structures of EGFR and Her4 kinase domains demonstrate kinase dimerization and activation through an allosteric mechanism. The kinase domains form an asymmetric dimer, where the C-lobe surface of one monomer contacts the N-lobe of the other monomer. EGFR kinase dimerization and activation in vitro was previously reported using a nickel-chelating lipid-liposome system, and we now apply this system to all other members of the EGFR family. Polyhistidine-tagged Her4, Her2/neu, and Her3 kinase domains are bound to these nickel-liposomes and are brought to high local concentration, mimicking what happens to full-length receptors in vivo following ligand binding. Addition of nickel-liposomes to Her4 kinase domain results in 40-fold activation in kinase activity and marked enhancement of C-terminal tail autophosphorylation. Activation of Her4 shows a sigmoidal dependence on kinase concentration, consistent with a cooperative process requiring kinase dimerization. Her2/neu kinase activity is also activated by nickel-liposomes, and is increased further by heterodimerization with Her3 or Her4. The ability of Her3 and Her4 to heterodimerize and activate other family members is studied in vitro. Her3 kinase domain readily activates Her2/neu but is a poor activator of Her4, which differs from the prediction made by the asymmetric dimer model. Mutation of Her3 residues 952ENI954 to the corresponding sequence in Her4 enhanced the ability of Her3 to activate Her4, demonstrating that sequence differences on the C-lobe surface influence the heterodimerization and activation of ErbB kinase domains.
Hypercholesterolemia Exacerbates Transplant Arteriosclerosis via Increased Neointimal Smooth Muscle Cell Accumulation Studies in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

Background Hypercholesterolemia is thought to be a significant risk factor for coronary vasculopathy in cardiac transplant recipients. Methods and Results We examined the development of arteriosclerosis in mouse carotid artery loops allografted from B.10A(2R) (H-2h2) donors to normocholesterolemic C57BL/6J (H-2b) recipients and hypercholesterolemic C57BL/6J recipients in which the apolipoprotein (apo) E gene had been knocked out. Luminal occlusion and cross-sectional neointimal area were greater in arteries allografted into hypercholesterolemic recipients at 15 and 30 days after transplantation. We also measured cellular and extracellular matrix components of the neointima by computerized planimetry of the fractional areas subtended by smooth muscle cells (anti–α-actin stain), collagen (Masson’s trichrome), lipid (oil red O), and leukocytes (anti-CD45). The neointimal area stained for smooth muscle cells was significantly greater in hypercholesterolemic recipients than in normocholesterolemic recipients at 15 and 30 days after allografting. Lipid contributed to neointimal area to a lesser degree, and there was no significant increase in the contribution of collagen or leukocytes. Conclusions Smooth muscle cell accumulation appears to be the principal contributor to the increase in neointimal area observed in arteries allografted into hypercholesterolemic mice.
Accelerating Thermal Deposition Modeling at Terahertz Frequencies using GPUs

Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods are widely used to model the propagation of electromagnetic radiation in biological tissues. High-performance central processing units (CPUs) can execute FDTD simulations for complex problems using 3-D geometries and heterogeneous tissue material properties. However, when FDTD simulations are employed at terahertz (THz) frequencies excessively long processing times are required to account for finer resolution voxels and larger computational modeling domains. In this study, we developed and tested the performance of 2-D and 3-D FDTD thermal propagation code executed on a graphics processing unit (GPU) device, which was coded using an extension of the C language referred to as CUDA. In order to examine the speedup provided by GPUs, we compared the performance (speed, accuracy) for simulations executed on a GPU (Tesla C2050), a high-performance CPU (Intel Xeon 5504), and supercomputer. Simulations were conducted to model the propagation and thermal deposition of THz radiation in biological materials for several in vitro and in vivo THz exposure scenarios. For both the 2-D and 3-D in vitro simulations, we found that the GPU performed 100 times faster than runs executed on a CPU, and maintained comparable accuracy to that provided by the supercomputer. For the in vivo tissue damage studies, we found that the GPU executed simulations 87x times faster than the CPU. Interestingly, for all exposure duration tested, the CPU, GPU, and supercomputer provided comparable predictions for tissue damage thresholds (ED 50 ). Overall, these results suggest that GPUs can provide performance comparable to a supercomputer and at speeds significantly faster than those possible with a CPU. Therefore, GPUs are an affordable tool for conducting accurate and fast simulations for computationally intensive modeling problems.
Fecundity and Longevity of Bathyplectes curculionis Under Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures

The fecundity, longevity, and daily ovipositional rate of Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), an endoparasite of larvae of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), were determined at constant 21.1°C and fluctuating 6.7°/18.3° temperatures, while a 12:12-h photophase:scotophase was maintained under both regimes. The daily ovipositional rate was higher, but the longevity significantly lower ( P 0.10) between the 2 temperature regimes. Under both temperature regimes, the distribution pattern of the parasite eggs among the host larvae conformed to the Poisson, or random, distribution in ca. 90% of the 182 data sets examined. These and other characteristics of B. curculionis are discussed and compared with those of B. anurus .
Two interactive perspectives on the relationship between job level and job satisfaction

Abstract The findings of this study did not replicate the job level/job satisfaction hypothesis for women working on a hospital nursing staff, a traditional occupation for women. Two interaction models, a symmetrical and asymmetrical model, were then applied using field independence as the individual differences moderating variable. While the asymmetrical model was the best predictor of job satisfaction patterns, both models were required to account fully for differences in satisfaction patterns. Theoretical and applied implication were discussed.
Performance evaluation of routing and wavelength assignment algorithms for optical networks

Several routing and wavelength assignment algorithms have been developed to reserve dedicated connections for high-performance applications on optical networks. In this paper, we present an analytical and experimental evaluation of these algorithms. Our experiments indicate that the minimum-hop feasible path algorithm maximizes network utilization. We also present novel algorithms for deferred wavelength assignment that can be used for reducing the space and time requirements of many wavelength assignment algorithms.
Lifetime-based fiber-optic water sensor using a luminescent complex in a lithium-treated Nafion™ membrane

Abstract A lifetime-based fiber-optic sensor that can be used to measure water content in organic solvents and relative humidity of air is described. The sensor is based on the luminescence lifetime quenching of ruthenium(II)bisphenanthrolinedipyridophenazine (Rudppz) immobilized in a Nafion™ membrane that is mechanically attached to the distal tip of an optical fiber. Treatment of the Nafion™ membrane with lithium hydroxide prior to doping with Rudppz provides a stable sensor response with intense, long-lived luminescence. The response of the sensor to relative humidity was characterized using dry air, room air, and water saturated air. The sensor is useful for measuring the water content of organic solvents below 4% (v/v) and the detection limit is determined to be 0.06, 0.07, and 0.006% (v/v) in DMSO, ethanol, and acetonitrile, respectively. It is being developed for the purpose of measuring water concentration gradients across Nafion™ membranes.
Citizen Recourse To Self Protection: Structural, Attitudinal And Experiential Factors

At least one fourth of the New York City subway riders surveyed in a 1986 study carry some form of self protection ranging from guns and knives to mace. The tendency of citizens to carry self protective devices is a source of concern to law enforcement officials who denounce such behavior as needless and potentially harmful. Criminal justice practitioners assert that the likelihood of becoming a victim of violent crime is small, that victims and prospective victims are incompetent in their efforts to protect themselves, and that protection against crime is primarily an area reserved to the state regardless of whether it is effective or not. How is one to explain the practice of carrying devices dedicated to self protection when it persists contrary to the advice and disapproval of criminal justice practitioners?
A note on Gevrey class regularity for the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract In this note we present results on Gevrey class regularity of the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations with space periodic boundary conditions. We give a generalization of results of C. Foias and R. Temam (J. Funct. Anal. 87, 359–369, 1988).
The computational worm: spatial orientation and its neuronal basis in C. elegans

Spatial orientation behaviors in animals are fundamental for survival but poorly understood at the neuronal level. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans orients to a wide range of stimuli and has a numerically small and well-described nervous system making it advantageous for investigating the mechanisms of spatial orientation. Recent work by the C. elegans research community has identified essential computational elements of the neural circuits underlying two orientation strategies that operate in five different sensory modalities. Analysis of these circuits reveals novel motifs including simple circuits for computing temporal derivatives of sensory input and for integrating sensory input with behavioral state to generate adaptive behavior. These motifs constitute hypotheses concerning the identity and functionality of circuits controlling spatial orientation in higher organisms.
Interferon-induced transfer of viral resistance by human B and T lymphocytes

Abstract Enriched human B lymphocytes cocultivated with mouse L cells produced human leukocyte interferon (IFN-α) and shortly thereafter transferred antiviral activity to the recipient cells (99% inhibition of expected virus yield). In contrast, cocultivation of enriched T-cell populations with mouse L cells resulted in no IFN production or transfer of antiviral activity. In addition, both T and B lymphocytes pretreated with exogenous IFN or stimulated in vitro by mitogens could transfer antiviral activity to human WISH cells. The transfer of antiviral activity was not blocked by antibodies to IFN. The data indicate that both T and B cells can be recruited by IFN to transfer antiviral activity. Thus, once cells are recruited by IFN they can transfer antiviral activity in the absence of IFN and protect cells locally or distally from the site of infection.
Cellular genes analogous to retroviral onc genes are transcribed in human tumour cells

Polyadenylated RNAs of certain human tumour cell lines are shown to contain transcripts related to the cell-derived transforming onc genes of molecularly cloned primate, murine or avian transforming retrovirus genomes. Thus, analogues of retroviral transforming genes are both present and frequently expressed in human neoplastic cells.
Cyclic lipodepsipeptides: a new class of antibacterial agents in the battle against resistant bacteria

In order to provide effective treatment options for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, innovative antibiotics are necessary, preferably with novel modes of action and/or belonging to novel classes of drugs. Naturally occurring cyclic lipodepsipeptides, which contain one or more ester bonds along with the amide bonds, have emerged as promising candidates for the development of new antibiotics. Some of these natural products are either already marketed or in advanced stages of clinical development. However, despite the progress in the development of new antibacterial agents, it is inevitable that resistant strains of bacteria will emerge in response to the widespread use of a particular antibiotic and limit its lifetime. Therefore, development of new antibiotics remains our most efficient way to counteract bacterial resistance.
On the theoretical error bound for estimating psychometric functions

The theoretical limits to the amount of error, or the Cramer-Rao bounds, were derived for estimating psychometric functions. These theoretical error bounds were compared with the variability of psychometric functions estimated from human as well as computer-simulated observers. For the simulated observers, due to the limited efficiency of the sampling strategies, including the placement of the signals and the distribution of the trials, the variances of the estimated parameters are seven times the theoretical bound for threshold and 22 times that for slope. For the human observers, the variance is 18 times the theoretical bounds for threshold and 80 times that for slope. Therefore, a major portion of the variances (60% for threshold and 73% for slope) for the human observers is associated with factors other than sampling strategies. Further improvement of the accuracy for estimating psychometric functions will depend on not only optimizing the sampling strategy, but also better understanding the various sources of error related to the behavior of human observers.
Characterization of 2D surface imaging of tissue optical properties using a sub-millimeter fiber optic probe

Broad-band light reflectance spectroscopy (LRS) of tissue with sub-millimeter fiber optic probes in the visible and nearinfrared range has shown its utility in differentiation of tissue types, identification of cancer, and measurement of stimulus-induced physiological responses. So far, single point measurement set-up has been widely employed to determine local optical properties of tissue. However, it may often be of interest to obtain a 2D map of a surface area of a tissue under investigation, rather than a single point reading, as in case of cancer margin detection or intraoperative perfusion measurement. It is thus imperative to expand the LRS technique to multipoint measurement covering a larger surface area. Here we describe the two methods that we use to quantify the hemoglobin derivatives and scattering of tissue under investigation, and then utilize two bifurcated fiber optic probes with different fiber diameters and different source-detector separations, to demonstrate the 2D imaging capability of LRS technique. In this study, we constructed a tissue phantom, simulating tissue and blood vessel, and used 2D scanning to determine the spatial resolution and depth resolution using two different probe geometries. Our results suggest that the depth sensitivity of these probes was limited to sub-millimeter for hemoglobin derivatives, whereas scattering changes could be observed up to 2mm deep. It was also found that the lateral resolution was affected, and the scattering signal became more diffuse, as a function of depth.
Fentanyl-induced rigidity and unconsciousness in human volunteers. Incidence, duration, and plasma concentrations.

BackgroundMuscle rigidity frequently accompanies induction of anesthesia with opioids. The authors sought to determine whether unconsciousness and amnesia occur when humans develop rigidity and apnea after intravenous fentanyl (without other concomitant anesthetics).MethodsThe Incidence and duration
Utilization and agronomic studies of cow cockle (Saponaria vaccaria)

Preliminary work on cow cockle seed suggests that this species may have an unusual new starch which could have certain special applications. Inability to produce good yields of flour and difficulty encountered in using Dimler’s process suggests that some type of modified wet-milling technique should be used on this starch source which might permit recovery of adequate amounts of starch so that its properties could be thoroughly investigated. Investigations on milling and chemical properties are continuing in our laboratories.
The effect of dissolved organic matter in sea water on the uptake of mixed individual hydrocarbons and number 2 fuel oil by a marine filter-feeding bivalve ( Mercenaria mercenaria)

Abstract Laboratory studies, using the marine bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria, were performed to examine the role that naturally occurring surfactant dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays in mediating the process of hydrocarbon uptake. The uptake of a simple hydrocarbon mixture consisting of an n-alkane, hexadecane and an aromatic hydrocarbon, phenanthrene was studied as was the uptake of Number 2 fuel oil. Removal of DOM from the seawater uptake media, by activated charcoal, results in: (1) a statistically significant increase in the uptake of hexadecane; (2) no change in the amount of phenanthrene taken up; and (3) a sevenfold increase in the quantity of No. 2 fuel oil taken up by the clam. The uptake of the ‘saturated’ fraction of the fuel oil increased 17 times when DOM was removed and the ‘aromatic’ fraction increased five times. The findings indicate that solubilization of saturated hydrocarbons by the DOM results in their being taken up less readily by the filter-feeding bivalve. When this DOM is removed, these hydrocarbons are retained more readily by the animal's gill due to changes in the hydrocarbons' physical state in seawater. The increase in the uptake of the ‘aromatic’ fraction of fuel oil in the absence of DOM may reflect a co-solubilization of aromatic and saturated hydrocarbon components.
Continent Lower Urinary Tract Reconstruction in the Cervical Spinal Cord Injured Population

ABSTRACTPurpose: Patients with cervical spinal cord injury and upper extremity dysfunction are treated primarily with indwelling or condom catheters. We present our experience with a select group of patients with limited upper extremity function to determine long-term success and patient satisfaction after lower urinary tract reconstruction.Materials and Methods: Between May 1988 and November 1996, 28 patients with cervical spinal cord injury underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction. Postoperative information was obtained on 21 patients. Charts were reviewed and patients were contacted by an independent reviewer to ascertain patient satisfaction and quality of life. Patient age was 17 to 51 years (average 34.6). Reconstructive procedures requiring catheterization included augmentation ileocystoplasty in 4 patients plus Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy in 7, a Kock ileal reservoir in 8 and an Indiana pouch in 2.Results: Catheterization was regularly performed by 20 of the 21 patients (95%). A total of ...
Assessment of bulk modulus, thermal expansion and heat capacity of minerals

Abstract Since the heat capacity of a solid at constant pressure ( C P ) is related to the isothermal bulk modulus ( K T ) and isobaric thermal expansion ( α P ), an assessment of the experimental data on these properties is necessary to establish the internal consistency of a thermodynamic data set. Through suitable formulations of the temperature dependence of bulk modulus, thermal expansion and heat capacity at constant volume ( C V ) and the application of non-linear programming techniques, it is possible to assess the internal consistency of these data and the measured heat capacity at constant pressure. Such optimization of the data on periclase has been performed with the following results: α P = 0.3754 × 10 −4 + 0.791 × 10 −8 T − 0.784 T −2 + 0.9148 T −3 (11) K T = 1.684 × 10 6 −241 T − 0.056 T 2 + 0.167 × 10 −4 T 3 ( bar ) (12) C V = 48.02 − 0.572 × 10 6 T (13) −2 − 0.4876 × 10 11 T −4 − 0.1502 × 10 12 T −6 + 0.9836 × 10 20 T −8 V (1, 298) = 11.245 (cm 3 /mol). (14) If appropriate C P data are available, it is possible to estimate the temperature dependence of α P and K T for any solid. In suitable cases, the method may be used through a combination of the data on C P and phase equilibrium to calculate K t , its pressure derivative and thermal expansion. Such optimized data for brucite are: H 0 f (1, 298.15) = −924620, S 0 (1, 298.15) = 64.08 α P = 0.1002 E − 4 + 0.1468 E − 7 T + 1.8606 T −2 (18) k t = 0.5712 Mb , ( ∂K T ∂P) = 4.712 C v = 118.58 − 0.639 E + 7 T −2 + 0.34574 E + 12 T −4 − 0.10538 E + 17 T −6 . (19)
The blow-up problem for exponential nonlinearities

We give a solution of below-up problem for equation , with data close to constans, in any number of spce dimensions: there exists a blow-up surface, near which the solution has logarithmic behavior; its smoothness is estimated in terms of the smoothness of the data. More precisely, we prove that for any solution of with Cauchy data on t = 1 close to (ln2, -2) in s is a large enough integer, must blow-up on a space like hypersurface defined by an equation t = ψ(x) with . Furthermore, the solution has an asymptotic expansion where T = t - ψ(x), valid upto order s - 151 - 10[n/2]. Logarithmic terms are absent if and only if the blow-up surface has vanishing scalar curvature. The blow-up time can be identified with the infimum of the function ψ. Although attention is focused on one equation, the strategy is quite general; it consists in applying the Nash-Moser IFT to a map “singularity data ” to Cauchy data.
Characterization of electrodeposited bismuth–tellurium nanowires and nanotubes

Abstract Arrays of nanowires and nanotubes of bismuth–tellurium (Bi–Te) were fabricated by electrodeposition techniques. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to characterize the morphology of the fabricated BiTe nanowires and nanotubes. The fabricated BiTe nanowire and nanotube arrays are shown to be polycrystalline with no preferred orientation. Wavelength dispersive spectroscopy analysis shows that either p-type (Bi rich) or n-type (Te rich) nanowires or nanotubes can be obtained by changing the electrodeposition potentials. The lamellar thickness of the nanowires and nanotube crystallites were determined using the Scherrer equation and found to be ∼17–24 nm. The Seebeck coefficient measurements at room temperature obtained for the nanowires and nanotubes deposited at −400 mV were +11.5 and +17 μV K−1, respectively, whereas those obtained at −65 mV were −48 and −63 μV K−1, respectively. The electrical resistance measurements indicated that the resistance of the nanowires and nanotubes decreased with increasing temperature, suggesting that these nanostructures behave like semiconductors.
Caregiver reports of subsequent injuries among veterans with traumatic brain injury after discharge from inpatient polytrauma rehabilitation programs.

OBJECTIVE:: We examined prevalence of, and potential risk factors for, nonfatal injuries among Veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) postdischarge from Veterans Affairs inpatient polytrauma rehabilitation programs. METHODS:: We surveyed caregivers of patients who had military service anytime from 2001 to 2009, sustained polytrauma including TBI, received Veterans Affairs inpatient care from 2001 to 2009, were discharged at least 3 months before the study, and were alive when the study was fielded about caregiver and patient health, including patients' medically treated "accidents/new injuries" since discharge. We examined prevalence and source(s) of subsequent injuries and estimated patients' injury risk in reference to hypothesized risk factors. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS:: Caregivers reported that nearly one-third (32%) of patients incurred medically treated injuries after discharge; most were associated with falls (49%) and motor vehicles (37%). Odds of subsequent injury were associated with select demographics, initial injury characteristics, and postdischarge health and functioning. Characteristics of caregivers, including physical and mental health, were also associated with patients' odds of subsequent injury. CONCLUSIONS:: A significant number of caregivers reported subsequent nonfatal injuries among patients treated for TBI/polytrauma in inpatient rehabilitation settings. Enhanced injury prevention efforts may be beneficial for this population. Language: en
Language Wars: The Ideological Dimensions of the Debates on Bilingual Education.

Abstract The debates over the future of bilingual education call for conceptual frameworks that can illuminate the variety of issues that are implicated in those debates. Building from the fields of sociology of language, language policy, and language ideology, a conceptual framework is presented and employed in the analysis of the ideological debates, ocurring in Colorado and California. The analysis is concerned with the identification of different ideological positions regarding the value of bilingualism and bilingual education, the Spanish language, and the linguistic capital of working-class Latinoimmigrant families. The debates are seen as competition for value between different constituencies that take place through the manipulation of symbolic assets such as language(s), and in which Latino parents are displaced from their position as legitimate participants in their children’s education through the devaluing of their linguistic capital.The debates over the future of bilingual education call for c...
Regulatory mechanisms of osteoclast differentiation and function

Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for osteoclast generation, differentiation, and bone resorption have improved dramatically in recent years. In part, this has been due to studies in osteopetrosis, the disease characterized by impairment of osteoclast action, and to improved techniques for isolation of osteoclasts and their precursors. This review will discuss some of these mechanisms.
Humour and the older adult: implications for nursing

This correlational descriptive study examined the relationship between the uses of humour and health outcomes as measured by perceived health, life satisfaction, and morale in older adults. The sample of this pilot study consisted of 24 volunteers from a senior citizen community centre who are ambulatory adults over 61 years old. Subjects were administered questionnaires which consisted of a demographic data sheet, the Situational Humour Response Questionnaire, Coping Humour Scale, Current Health Subscale, Life Satisfaction Index, and the Affect Balance Scale. The findings revealed significant (P less than 0.05) positive relationships between situational humour and perceived health (r = 0.43), and situational humour and morale (r = 0.38). Furthermore, there was a significant negative relationship between coping humour and perceived health (r = -0.46). These findings suggest that humour may be one phenomenon which influences the older adult's perception of perceived health, life satisfaction and morale and may assist in successful ageing. These preliminary findings support the need for further research to examine these relationships with a larger study.
Future directions in meniscal surgery

Abstract Despite the considerable technological advances in arthroscopic surgery in the past decade, it is of concern that meniscal repair is not being done in many cases where the meniscus tear is reparable and the patient, if properly informed, would desire it.There is accumulating evidence that the long-term benefits of meniscal repair significantly outweigh those of partial meniscectomy. But success must be tempered by looking at longer follow-up assessments than we are accustomed to doing.DeHaven found that the average time between surgery and failure was 4 years, in a study averaging 11 years of follow-up. Meniscal repairs in isolated tears of the meniscus are significantly less successful than repairs of meniscal tears associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. There is evidence that isolated meniscal tears in ACL-stable knees occur in menisci that are significantly more degenerated compared with menisci having tears associated with ACL disruption. Improved techniques of meniscal repair include the abrasion of both sides of the tear site, the use of increased numbers of vertically oriented nonabsorbable sutures, the insertion of a fibrin clot into the tear site, and the development of completely inside-the-knee suturing techniques. In the future, meniscal repair will become simpler and faster to perform. As a result, more meniscal repairs will be attempted. Over the next decade, we will see increasing research in the role of meniscal allografts and collagen (or other material) substitutes for the meniscus in patients with segmental defects or complete loss of the meniscus.
Chronic inflammatory arthritis after treatment with high-dose interleukin-2 for malignancy

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunotherapy resulted in the development of inflammatory arthritis in three male patients with metastatic cancer. Two patients developed a clinical picture consistent with rheumatoid arthritis. A third patient with a remote history of Reiter's syndrome developed a recrudescence of an inflammatory arthritis after treatment with IL-2. The clinical, laboratory, and histologic data on the patients and the potential pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed.
College applicants' attitudes and enrollment decisions

One potentially useful multivariate procedure somewhat overlooked in admissions marketing efforts is a linear compensatory model presented by Cook and Zallocco (1983). This model defines an individual's attitude about a particular college or university as the importance the individual attaches to a specific attribute of the school, and the belief that the institution under consideration possesses that attribute. In this study we extend the model by investigating the importance of applicants' attitudes about competitor institutions, and by controlling for demographic and ability factors that may affect attitudes. Our research demonstrates that attitudes have a significant, positive relationship to enrollment decisions. As well, we incorporate an attitude difference measure that contrasts applicants' attitudes about one institution compared to admissions competitors. Addition of this variable to the prediction equation substantially improved our ability to forecast an applicant's matriculation decision.
The association between religion and acculturation in Utah Mexican immigrants

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of religious affiliation on acculturation among Mexican immigrants to Utah. In addition to demographic information, measures of acculturation, spirituality, social support, and perceived social status were administered to 336 participants. Latter-day Saints compared with Catholics and those of other religious affiliation tended to score significantly higher on Anglo cultural orientation, spirituality, and social support. Latter-day Saint acculturation may have been partly due to greater interaction with the US culture prior to coming to this country. Latter-day Saints also rated their subjective social status higher. Overall, religious affiliation was the strongest predictor of Anglo cultural orientation except for age upon entering the United States. In conclusion, religious affiliation predicts level of acculturation. Membership in an organisation that is dominant in the local community (e.g., the Latter-day Saint Church) contributes to the accultura...
Backscatter from spheres: A short pulse view

The backscatter from conducting and from dielectric spheres is considered in the time domain. Utilizing rigorously computed values of the amplitude and phase of the continuous wave backscatter, short pulses of electromagnetic waves are synthesized by Fourier series. The resultant response is examined as a function of time, and the individually resolvable returns are compared with some approximate theories.
Effect of Deferasirox on Iron Absorption in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study in a Human Model of Acute Supratherapeutic Iron Ingestion

Study objective In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration approved deferasirox as an oral iron chelating agent for chronic iron overload. To determine usefulness in management of acute iron ingestion, we study the effect of orally administered deferasirox in healthy human adults. Methods A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study of 8 healthy human volunteers was conducted. Subjects ingested 5 mg/kg of elemental iron in the form of ferrous sulfate. One hour after iron ingestion, subjects were randomized to receive 20 mg/kg of deferasirox or placebo. Serial iron levels were then obtained. A 2-week washout was used between study arms. The paired t test was used to compare area under time-concentration curves from baseline to both 12- and 24-hour iron levels between groups. Results Baseline serum iron levels were similar in the 2 groups. Deferasirox significantly reduced serum iron area under concentration-time curves compared with placebo during both 1 to 12 hours and 1 to 24 hours (12 hour=577 μmol-hour/L and 392 μmol-hour/L, 95% confidence interval for the difference 15.8 to 353.0 μmol-hour/L; 24 hour=808 μmol-hour/L and 598 μmol-hour/L, 95% confidence interval for difference 54.4 to 366.7 μmol-hour/L). Conclusion Orally administered deferasirox significantly reduced serum iron levels when administered 1 hour after iron ingestion during the 12- and 24-hour periods after acute ingestion of 5 mg/kg of elemental iron in healthy human volunteers. Further study is required to determine optimal dosing, but deferasirox may be an important addition to current therapy for acute iron poisoning.
Towards the Synthesis of Product Knowledge Across the Lifecycle

Product lifecycle management is an important aspect of today’s industry, as it serves to facilitate information exchange and management between most, if not all, stages of a product’s existence. As exchanged product information is inevitably subjected to multiple transformations and derivations, information transparency between lifecycle stages can be difficult to achieve. Synthesizing representations of product information across the lifecycle, by creating a lifecycle-stage-independent platform, can provide transparent access to information for both upstream and downstream applications.In this paper, we review previous and ongoing efforts using ontologies as a means to support information integration and interoperability throughout the lifecycle of a product. We propose that existing efforts can be leveraged to create an upper-tiered ontology for product information. The resulting ontology, a core model for product lifecycle information, would support the synthesis and exchange of product information across lifecycle stages, improving access to this information and facilitating lifecycle thinking.We discuss the use of ontologies as a means to create and link paradigm-independent representations. We discuss the translations that product information may face when integrated through ontologies, and the extent to which the integrity of the information can be preserved across the lifecycle. We investigate the role of information quality in the exchange and evolution of product information across the lifecycle. Finally, we discuss the application of an upper-tiered ontology, particularly the advantages offered by increased transparency and interoperability, as a means to support lifecycle thinking for mitigating a product’s sustainability impact.
Amino acid sequence of ferredoxin II from the phototroph Rhodospirillum rubrum : Characteristics of a 7Fe ferredoxin

The complete sequence of amino acids of ferredoxin II (FdII) from Rhodospirillum rubrum was determined by repetitive Edman degradation using pyridylethylated-ferredoxin and oxidized, denatured ferredoxin. Peptides derived from trypsin, pepsin, Glu-C endoproteinase, Arg-C endoproteinase, tryptophan specific cleavage and partial acid hydrolysis and C-terminal sequence from carboxypeptidase digestion were used to construct the total sequence. RrFdII is a polypeptide of 104 amino acids having a calculated molecular weight of 11556 excluding the iron and sulfur atoms. The complete amino acid sequence was: PYVVTENCIKCKYQDCVEVCPVDCFYEGENFLVINPDECIDCGVCNPECPAEAIAGKWLEINRKFADLWPNITRKGPAL ADADDWKDKPDKTGLLSENPGKGTV. Sequence comparisons, EPR characteristics and iron analyses indicate that RrFdII has structural features in common with ferredoxins containing [3Fe-4S], [4Fe-4S] centers. Of 104 amino acids, 60 (58%) including all 9 cysteines, are found in identical locations in the 7Fe ferredoxin prototype, Azotobacter vinelandii FdI.
Potential hazards of following atypical and low-grade cervical cytology without colposcopy.

Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with atypical and low-grade cervical cytology and to assess the optimal evaluation and follow-up. Methods: Prospective observational study of 367 of 7,651 private patients who had cytologic, virologic, or colposcopic changes suggesting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical carcinoma. The study was performed to determine the frequency of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the various cytologic groups and to assess the effect of testing for human papillomavirus on the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of these tests. Results: Papanicolaou smears that included all non-negative tests (high- and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and atypical squamous or glandular epithelial cells of undetermined significance) had the maximal sensitivity (89%) for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. The combined cytologic categories of high- and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions had a sensitivity of 58%, this was reduced to 24% if only high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were considered relevant for additional evaluation. If we had not evaluated the patients with atypical squamous and glandular cells of undetermined significance, we would have missed diagnosing one third of high-grade and one half of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cervical cytology was false negative in 8% of patients with high-grade and in 14% of those with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias. High-risk human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid was detected in 40% of women with high-grade and in 24% of those with low-grade grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias. The positive predictive value of cytology with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance increased from 5% to 38% for high-grade and from 30 to 85% for high- and low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias in patients with detectable high-risk human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid. Virologic studies produced no significant improvement on these diagnoses in women with high- or low-grade cytology. Conclusions: Because of the poor sensitivity of cytology suggesting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, we recommend that all women with atypical or low-grade cytology be recalled for colposcopy and high-risk human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid testing, if available. Decisions whether to perform a biopsy should be based on the result of colposcopic examination. Performing colposcopy only on those patients who have cytologic high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and following those with lower grade cytologic anomalies without colposcopic diagnosis appears inadequate to rule out high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Identification of strategies to reduce turnover among child care workers

Forty exit surveys from child care workers who had left a social service agency were compared with 36 surveys of active child care workers with at least 12 months employment. The surveys were composed of 27 job satisfaction items scored on a five-point Likert scale. A stepwise discriminant analysis was performed on the items, resulting in a discriminant function which correctly classified child care workers into the exit or active group with 85.5 percent accuracy. The most weighted variables in which exit surveys showed more dissatisfaction than active surveys dealt with supervision (supervisor's interest in career development and supervisor's technical competence), communication (information received in Agency policies, programs, projects and problems), training, sense of accomplishment, and work load. The discriminant function indicated less dissatisfaction with pay among exiting employees than among active employees. Recommendations are made for an intervention strategy to reduce turnover among child care workers.
Mulching effects on selected soil physical properties

Abstract The suitability of soil for sustaining plant growth and biological activity is a function of physical and chemical properties, many of which depend on the quantity and quality of soil organic matter. The equilibrium level of soil organic matter depends on the balance between input through plant residues and other biosolids and output through decomposition, erosion and leaching. However crop residues have numerous competing uses such as fodder, fuel and construction material. Similarly, costs are incurred in its application and these increase with mulch level. Therefore, it is necessary to establish optimum mulch application rates. Empirical data on soil organic matter in relation to input residue of residue are needed to understand management impact on soil quality. Long-term field plots were setup in 1989 to study the effects of mulching on soil physical properties of a Crosby silt loam (Aeric Ochraqualf or stagnic luvisol) soil in central Ohio. Treatments included mulch application at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 Mg ha −1 year −1 without crop cultivation. Soil samples from 0 to 10 cm depth were obtained in December 2000, 11 years after establishing the plots. The results demonstrated that mulch rates significantly increased available water capacity by 18–35%, total porosity by 35–46% and soil moisture retention at low suctions from 29 to 70%. At high suctions, no differences in soil moisture content were observed between mulch levels. Soil bulk density was not affected by mulch rate. High correlations were obtained between mulch rate and soil mean weight diameter ( R 2 = 0.87) and percent stable aggregates ( R 2 = 0.84). The study was able to determine optimum mulch rates of 4 Mg/ha for increased porosity and 8 Mg/ha for enhanced available water capacity, moisture retention and aggregate stability.
A note on the response characteristics of the extraocular muscle system

Using records of the response of the extraocular muscle system to a step input, the frequency response characteristics of the system have been calculated. They show a progressive reduction of gain for frequencies above 30–40 cps. The high frequency tremor of the eyes observed during “steady” fixation would thus be expected to be damped down and this is in fact borne out by frequency analyses of tremor records.
Hydromagnetic stability of coronal arcade structures: The effects of photospheric line tying

A model is given of the magnetic-field equilibrium and possible dynamic excitations of a solar coronal arcade. Such structures are well observed in the spectral range from H-alpha to X-rays and often give rise to two-ribbon flares. However, the preflare state must be stable to ideal magnetohydrodynamic disturbances, and this problem is treated with particular attention to the necessary foot-point boundary conditions. With reasonably general perturbation set, an energy-principle analysis is used to show the strong stabilizing influence of inertial field-line tying at the photosphere.
Individual Contributions for Collective Goods Alternative Models

There is a growing controversy as to what behavior is to be expected of individuals regarding contributions for the supply of collective goods. This paper attempts to settle some of the controversy. It attempts to do so not by showing that one of the positions taken is correct and the others wrong, but by showing that the various authors in question reach different conclusions about individual behavior in situations involving the potential supply of collective goods because they make different assumptions regarding the nature of the goods and the nature of the situations in which the individuals find themselves. The different conclusions are reconciled by a careful examination of the assumptions of the authors. Specific variables are identified which account for the differences in the models and a set of dimensions along which collective goods situations can vary is presented.
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of 2% Mepivacaine With 1 : 20,000 Levonordefrin Versus 2% Lidocaine With 1 : 100,000 Epinephrine for Maxillary Infiltrations

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind crossover study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy of 2% mepivacaine with 1 : 20,000 levonordefrin versus 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine in maxillary central incisors and first molars. Sixty subjects randomly received, in a double-blind manner, maxillary central incisor and first molar infiltrations of 1.8 mL of 2% mepivacaine with 1 : 20,000 levonordefrin and 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine at 2 separate appointments spaced at least 1 week apart. The teeth were electric pulp tested in 2-minute cycles for a total of 60 minutes. Anesthetic success (obtaining 2 consecutive 80 readings with the electric pulp tester within 10 minutes) was not significantly different between 2% mepivacaine with 1 : 20,000 levonordefrin and 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine for the central incisor and first molar. However, neither anesthetic agent provided an hour of pulpal anesthesia.
Relation contents in multiple networks

Abstract Distinctions among kinds of relations (friendship, advice, intimacy, and so on) are typically ad hoc in empirical research. These ad hoc distinctions among relation contents can be expected to increase the likelihood of equivocal research conclusions. We develop three ideas indicating how standard, well-known, network models of relationship form can be used to clarify relationship content. (a) We begin with an idea for recovering the semantic context in which a relation content occurs. This context is cast as a network of tendencies for contents to be confused for one another and the form of this network—dissected with network models of relation form—holds insights into the ways in which relation contents are understood in a study population. (b) The network concept of structural equivalence is used to define content domains composed of specific relation contents that are substitutable for one another in described relationships. (c) The network concept of network prominence is used to define the ambiguity of contents in described relationships. The proposed perspective is analogous to a linguistic componential analysis of relation content.
Production of Sterility in Mice by Deuterium Oxide

Sterility was induced in both male and female mice following the substitution of D/sub 2/O for a part of the drinking water. Doses of 5 to 30% deuterium oxide were administered. C/sub 57/ and Swiss mice were used and both strain and sex differences in response to D/sub 2/O were noted. No significant differences were noted in litter size or sex ratio from that of the controls. Several physiological mechanisms by which D/sub 2/O produces sterility in mice are suggested. (C.H.)