cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Persistent and nonprogressive cutaneous blastomycosis in a pregnant adolescent

Blastomycosis is a fungal infection endemic to the Great Lakes region and Mississippi River Valley,1 although it is found worldwide. Although asymptomatic infections have been recognized, blastomycosis is usually a respiratory syndrome with rare cases of fulminant respiratory failure from acute respiratory distress syndrome. Dissemination to skin, bone, and other organs without obvious lung disease is not uncommon.2 Six distinct species of Blastomyces have been described,3, 4 with 4 that are pathogenic to humans. Of these, Blastomyces dermatitidis is more likely to cause disseminated disease and Blastomyces gilchristii is more often associated with pulmonary-only disease.2 Blastomyces percursus and Blastomyces helicus are newly described human pathogens, and not much is known about how they present clinically. Gestational blastomycosis is rare and presents a risk for disseminated disease in the mother and fetus because of the relative immunosuppression of pregnancy.5, 6, 7 Systemic blastomycosis in pregnant patients may be fatal to the fetus, especially when left untreated.5 We describe an adolescent patient with untreated cutaneous blastomycosis that remained in situ through 2 pregnancies.
Multi-level analysis of the learning health system: Integrating contributions from research on organizations and implementation.

Author(s): Harrison, Michael I; Shortell, Stephen M | Abstract: IntroductionOrganizations and systems that deliver health care may better adapt to rapid change in their environments by acting as learning organizations and learning health systems (LHSs). Despite widespread recognition that multilevel forces shape capacity for learning within care delivery organizations, there is no agreed-on, comprehensive, multilevel framework to inform LHS research and practice.MethodsWe develop such a framework, which can enhance both research on LHSs and practical steps toward their development. We draw on existing frameworks and research within organization and implementation science and synthesize contributions from three influential frameworks: the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, the social-ecological framework, and the organizational change framework. These frameworks come, respectively, from the fields of implementation science, public health, and organization science.ResultsOur proposed integrative framework includes both intraorganizational levels (individual, team, mid-management, organization) and the operating and general environments in which delivery organizations operate. We stress the importance of examining interactions among influential factors both within and across system levels and focus on the effects of leadership, incentives, and culture. Additionally, we indicate that organizational learning depends substantially on internal and cross-level alignment of these factors. We illustrate the contribution of our multilevel perspective by applying it to the analysis of three diverse implementation initiatives that aimed at specific care improvements and enduring system learning.ConclusionsThe framework and perspective developed here can help investigators and practitioners broadly scan and then investigate forces influencing improvement and learning and may point to otherwise unnoticed interactions among influential factors. The framework can also be used as a planning tool by managers and practitioners.
Radiative Capture of Protons by N 14

The 277-kev resonance for the production of ${\mathrm{O}}^{15}$ in its 7.61-Mev state was excited by proton bombardment of a thick TiN target. A three-crystal, scintillation spectrometer resolved gamma rays of 5.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 Mev, 6.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 Mev, and 6.65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15 Mev, with relative intensities of 25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6, 100, and 40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10, respectively. Direct ground state transitions have a relative intensity of less than 5. The total radiative capture yield in nitrogen is (2.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ reaction per proton. The intensity ratio of 6.10-Mev radiation to 5.25-Mev radiation, measured with a single-crystal spectrometer, is 7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 percent lower at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to the beam than at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The asymmetry eliminates pure $s$-wave capture. It is concluded that the capture state has spin $\frac{5}{2}$ and decays by dipole emission to the first three excited states of ${\mathrm{O}}^{15}$.
What Drives Illegal Hunting with Dogs? Traditional Practice in Contemporary South Africa

Illegal hunting with dogs in rural South Africa converges around issues of conservation, resource use, and livelihood. Hunting with dogs has a long cultural history, tethered to tradition and subsistence. Today, it is tightly regulated but practiced outside the law. Academic literature and mainstream media alike paint a multidimensional picture of the phenomenon. Some sources portray disenfranchised people practicing a culturally significant livelihood strategy; others emphasize illegal hunting’s destructive nature, severed from traditional context. The drivers of illegal hunting in rural South Africa sit at the nexus of multiple gaps of scholarly insight, linked to a history of widespread stratification of land use, prohibition of traditional hunting, and systematic control of African possession of dogs. There is a need for ethnographic work rooted in environmental history to grapple with the complex connections underlying this issue.
Distributed amylin receptor signaling and its influence on motivated behavior.

Abstract The intake- and body weight-suppressive hormone amylin exerts effects on energy balance control at a variety of nuclei within the brain, including sites that have been referred to in the literature as mediating homeostatic versus hedonic aspects of feeding. Here, we review key central nervous system sites of action for amylin signaling in the neural control of feeding and body weight, and discuss how these sites may interact to mediate the effects of amylin within the brain. Additionally, we review recent findings suggesting that amylin influences alcohol intake, suggesting broader effects of amylin on motivated behavior beyond feeding.
Targeting glutathione with the triterpenoid CDDO-Im protects against benzo-a-pyrene-1,6-quinone-induced cytotoxicity in endothelial cells

Epidemiological studies have exhibited a strong correlation between exposure to air pollution and deaths due to vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Benzo-a-pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP-1,6-Q) is one of the components of air pollution. This study was to examine the role of GSH in BP-1,6-Q mediated cytotoxicity in human EA.hy96 endothelial cells and demonstrated that induction of cellular glutathione by a potent triterpenoid, CDDO-Im (1-[2-cyano-3-,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole), protects cells against BP-1,6-Q induced protein and lipid damage. Incubation of EA.hy926 endothelial cells with BP-1,6-Q caused a significant increase in dose-dependent cytotoxicity as measured by LDH release assay and both apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths as measured by flow cytometric analysis. Incubation of EA.hy926 endothelial cells with BP-1,6-Q also caused a significant decrease in cellular GSH levels. The diminishment of cellular GSH by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) potentiated BP-1,6-Q-induced toxicity significantly suggesting a critical involvement of GSH in BP-1,6-Q induced cellular toxicity. GSH-induction by CDDO-Im significantly protects cells against BP-1,6-Q induced protein and lipid damage as measured by protein carbonyl (PC) assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, respectively. However, the co-treatment of cells with CDDO-Im and BSO reversed the cytoprotective effect of CDDO-Im on BP-1,6-Q-mediated lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. These results suggest that induction of GSH by CDDO-Im might be the important cellular defense against BP-1,6-Q induced protein and lipid damage. These findings would contribute to better understand the action of BP-1,6-Q and may help to develop novel therapies to protect against BP-1,6-Q-induced atherogenesis.
The impact of chromatin remodeling on gene expression at the single cell level in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract Similar to other complex organisms, plants consist of diverse and highly specialized cell types. The gain of unique biological functions of these different cell types is the consequence of the establishment of cell-type-specific transcriptional programs and their associated regulatory mechanisms. Recently, single cell transcriptomic approaches have been applied on Arabidopsis thaliana root protoplasts allowing the accurate characterization of the transcriptional profiles of the cell-types composing seedling roots. As a first step in gaining a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling Arabidopsis gene expression, we report the use of single nucleus RNA sequencing (sNucRNA-seq) and single nucleus Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin sequencing (sNucATAC-seq) technologies on Arabidopsis roots. The comparison of our single nuclei transcriptomes to previously published protoplast transcriptomes validated the use of nuclei as biological entities to establish cell-type specific transcriptomes from multicellular organs. Furthermore, our sNucRNA-seq results uncovered the transcriptome of additional cell subtypes not identified by scRNA-seq. Similar to our transcriptomic approach, the sNucATAC-seq approach led to the distribution of the Arabidopsis nuclei into distinct clusters suggesting the differential remodeling of the chromatin between groups of cells according to their identity. To reveal the impact of chromatin remodeling on gene transcription, we integrated sNucRNA-seq and sNucATAC-seq data and demonstrated that cell-type-specific marker genes also display cell-type-specific pattern of chromatin accessibility. Our data suggest that the differential remodeling of the chromatin is a critical mechanism to regulate gene activity at the cell-type level.
Csx3 is a cyclic oligonucleotide phosphodiesterase associated with type-III CRISPR-Cas that degrades the second messenger cA4

Cas10 is the signature gene for type III CRISPR–Cas surveillance complexes. Unlike type I and type II systems, type III systems do not require a protospacer adjacent motif and target nascent RNA associated with transcriptionally active DNA. Further, target RNA recognition activates the cyclase domain of Cas10, resulting in the synthesis of cyclic oligoadenylate second messengers. These second messengers are recognized by ancillary Cas proteins harboring CRISPR-associated Rossmann fold (CARF) domains and regulate the activities of these proteins in response to invading nucleic acid. Csx3 is a distant member of the CARF domain superfamily previously characterized as a Mn2+-dependent deadenylation exoribonuclease. However, its specific role in CRISPR–Cas defense remains to be determined. Here we show that Csx3 is strongly associated with type III systems and that Csx3 binds cyclic tetra-adenylate (cA4) second messenger with high affinity. Further, Csx3 harbors cyclic oligonucleotide phosphodiesterase activity that quickly degrades this cA4 signal. In addition, structural analysis identifies core elements that define the CARF domain fold, and the mechanistic basis for ring nuclease activity is discussed. Overall, the work suggests that Csx3 functions within CRISPR–Cas as a counterbalance to Cas10 to regulate the duration and amplitude of the cA4 signal, providing an off ramp from the programmed cell death pathway in cells that successfully cure viral infection.
Thoracic ultrasound as a predictor of pleurodesis success at the time of indwelling pleural catheter removal.

Background and objective IPC in patients with MPE are removed within 3 months in 30-58% of cases, usually due to decreased pleural fluid output as a result of pleurodesis. Disease control can also account for the lack of fluid output, potentially explaining why 4-14% of patients undergo repeat pleural intervention for fluid re-accumulation (at the time of disease recurrence or progression). The aim of our pilot study is to determine the accuracy of thoracic ultrasound (TUS) in predicting pleurodesis success in patients with MPE at the time of IPC removal. Methods This is a single-centre, prospective observational cohort study that enrolled consecutive patients with confirmed MPE treated with IPC at the time of IPC removal. TUS was performed to calculate a PAS. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 3 months. Failure was defined as pleural fluid recurrence within 3 months. Results Twenty-seven patients were screened and 25 were included in the final analysis. Pleurodesis success was observed in 88% (n = 22) and failure in 12% (n = 3) of patients. The mean PAS was higher in patients with pleurodesis success (22.0 vs 9.3, P = 0.01). A PAS greater than 10 predicted pleurodesis success with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 86%. Conclusion This pilot study suggests that TUS at the time of IPC removal accurately identifies patients who have achieved pleurodesis and therefore will not have re-accumulation of pleural effusion or require an ipsilateral pleural intervention for at least 3 months post-IPC removal.
Treating Opioid Use Disorder in Correctional Settings

In the US, there are 2.2 million individuals currently incarcerated, 4.6 million under correctional supervision through probation or parole, and more than 10 million admissions to county jails and 606,000 admissions to state and federal prisons annually. Because of the “War on Drugs,” a majority of people incarcerated have a history of substance use disorder, and opioid use disorder (OUD) is common within correctional settings. Racism in the design and implementation of drug policy has resulted in the harms of incarceration disproportionately impacting minoritized populations. OUD can be screened for, diagnosed, and effectively treated in correctional settings. There is robust evidence that medications for OUD, especially the opioid agonists methadone and buprenorphine, improve outcomes and reduce the risk of death amongst people experiencing incarceration. Yet, these medications remain underutilized and are frequently inaccessible within correctional facilities. Healthcare providers who care for patients with OUD in the community need to be attuned to the impact of incarceration on a patients’ OUD treatment. They also must be able to continue or rapidly initiate MOUD following release. Healthcare providers can also help to advocate for improved care during incarceration and for the decriminalization of drug use to reduce the likelihood of incarceration for people with OUD.
Health Education Network

The Health Education Network, Inc., is an outgrowth of the Experimental CAI Network sponsored by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) of the National Library of Medicine described in Chapter 8. Convinced of the utility of sharing of health-related courseware and the inherent advantages of networking, a group of former users of the Experimental CAI Network have taken steps to preserve nationwide access to the libraries of CAI programs (data bases) available at The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and The Ohio State University (OSU). The purpose of this new support structure is to facilitate, maintain, and preserve economical, nationwide access to computer-assisted instructional materials for health education (Health Education Network, 1975).
Thalamic involvement in HSV type 1 encephalitis in children

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 frequently causes fulminant encephalitis and it is the most common etiological agent for sporadic encephalitis in the developed world. We report a case of HSV encephalitis in a 7-month-old infant with bilateral thalamic involvement. Thalamic involvement has been reported in HSV encephalitis, more commonly in infants and young children compared to adults. But the implications of thalamic involvement in HSV encephalitis are not clearly known. Using Medline, we reviewed all the published pediatric cases of HSV encephalitis with thalamic involvement. Twenty-nine cases met our inclusion criteria. Out of 30 patients (including our patient), 14 patients had bilateral thalamic involvement and 16 had lesion on one side. Ten patients had at least one relapse. Six of them developed movement disorder. One patient died, two had complete recovery of the symptoms but majority of the patients developed neurological sequelae.
Growth cone pathfinding: a competition between deterministic and stochastic events.

Background Growth cone migratory patterns show evidence of both deterministic and stochastic search modes.
Role-based administration of user-role assignment: The URA97 model and its Oracle implementation

In role-based access control (RBAC) permissions are associated with roles, and users are made members of appropriate roles thereby acquiring the roles’ permissions. The principal motivation behind RBAC is to simplify administration. An appealing possibility is to use RBAC itself to manage RBAC, to further provide administrative convenience. In this paper we investigate one aspect of RBAC administration concerning assignment of users to roles. We define a role-based administrative model, called URA97 (User-Role Assignment ’97), for this purpose and describe its implementation in the Oracle database management system. Although our model is quite different from that built into Oracle, we demonstrate how to use Oracle stored procedures to implement it.
Geological implications of impacts of large asteroids and comets on the earth

The present conference discusses such topics as large object fluxes in near-earth space and the probabilities of terrestrial impacts, the geological record of impacts, dynamics modeling for large body impacts on continents and oceans, physical, chemical, and biological models of large impacts' atmospheric effects, dispersed impact ejecta and their signatures, general considerations concerning mass biological extinctions, the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary event, geochemical signatures in the stratigraphic record, and other phanerozoic events. Attention is given to terrestrial impact rates for long- and short-period comets, estimates of crater size for large body impact, a first-order estimate of shock heating and vaporization in oceanic impacts, atmospheric effects in the first few minutes after an impact, a feasibility test for biogeographic extinction, and the planktonic and dinosaur extinctions.
Simple calibration method for determining KI using the method of caustics

The uncertainty in selecting the length parameter (the maximum diameter) of a caustic image is investigated. A simple calibration method is used to determine the mode-I stress intensity factor KI at a crack tip. The accuracy is further improved by using white light. The effect of the pinhole size on the determination of KI is investigated. The accuracy of the proposed measurement location is demonstrated by comparing experimental results with theory.
A comparison of GA and RSNR docking

Molecular docking calculations with genetic algorithms (GA) are compared with results calculated by a numeric random sampling Newton-Raphson (RSNR) method. The intermolecular interaction energy minimum is searched for using both a genetic algorithm approach and a numeric one for the docking process. Intermolecular interactions of a larger molecular complex of an anticancer drug have been investigated. The performance of GAs on molecular docking calculations is discussed and compared with the numerical method. The results of implementation indicate that the GA approach is superior to conventional methods used in energy minimization when there exist many local minima as well as a global minimum. The GA method, which is computationally more practical for applications to large biological systems, provides a rational approach to drug discovery and novel molecular structure design. >
Parallel Linear Stationary Iterative Methods

A parallel linear stationary iterative method, defined by domain partitioning and referred to as the JSOR method, is analyzed in this paper. Basic JSOR convergence theorems, including one concerning the optimal relaxation parameter, are presented. JSOR is shown to have a much faster convergence rate than Jacobi and the same efficiency of interprocessor-data communication as Jacobi. Since JSOR contains the classic SOR and damped-Jacobi methods as its two extreme cases, the JSOR analysis can lead to a general linear stationary iteration theory, and imply both SOR and damped-Jacobi theories directly. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the parallel performance of JSOR on a MIMD parallel computer Finally, the development and application of JSOR are discussed.
Search control, utility, and concept induction

Our research adapts incremental conceptual clustering (or concept formation) to the task of learning to guide search. We build on earlier research that uses concept induction techniques to learn search control, but our approach differs by virtue of its reliance on probabilistic, hierarchical classification schemes that increase certain aspects of search efficiency. The system also includes inductive strategies of ‘noise tolerance’ that mitigate problems of control knowledge ‘utility’. A general lesson is that recently identified search ‘utility’ problems are synonymous with inductive problems of ‘noise’; solutions to the problems of the latter type can be usefully adapted to the former.
Rural substance use treatment centers in the United States: anassessment of treatment quality by location

AbstractBackground: While previous research has added to the understanding of rural residents’ unique health challenges, much remains to be learned about the provision of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment in rural areas. A key question is difference in structural resources and quality of care between rural and urban treatment centers. Objective: To examine differences in treatment quality in rural and urban centers and to determine if differences in treatment quality are contextualized by centers’ structural resources. Methods: Utilizing combined data from two representative samples of SUD treatment centers (n = 591), we used a series of multivariate regressions to analyze the association between center rurality and various indicators of structural characteristics and treatment quality. Interaction effects were further examined between structural characteristics and treatment quality indicators. Results: We found that structural and quality differences between rural and urban treatment centers were p...
Interpretations of Native North American Life: Material Contributions to Ethnohistory.

Interpretations of Native North American Life: Material Contributions to Ethnohistory. Michael S. Nassaney and Eric. Johnson. eds. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. 455 pp.
Azide vs Alkyne Functionalization in Pt(II) Complexes for Post-treatment Click Modification: Solid-State Structure, Fluorescent Labeling, and Cellular Fate

Tracking of Pt(II) complexes is of crucial importance toward understanding Pt interactions with cellular biomolecules. Post-treatment fluorescent labeling of functionalized Pt(II)-based agents using the bioorthogonal Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has recently been reported as a promising approach. Here we describe an azide-functionalized Pt(II) complex, cis-[Pt(2-azidobutyl)amido-1,3-propanediamine)Cl2] (1), containing the cis geometry and difunctional reactivity of cisplatin, and present a comparative study with its previously described alkyne-functionalized congener. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals a dramatic change in the solid-state arrangement with exchange of the alkyne for an azide moiety wherein 1 is dominated by a pseudo-chain of Pt-Pt dimers and antiparallel alignment of the azide substituents, in comparison with a circular arrangement supported by CH/π(C≡C) interactions in the alkyne version. In vitro studies indicate similar DNA binding and click reactivity of both congeners observed by fluorescent labeling. Interestingly, complex 1 shows in vitro enhanced click reactivity in comparison to a previously reported azide-appended Pt(II) complex. Despite their similar behavior in vitro, preliminary in cellulo HeLa studies indicate a superior imaging potential of azide-functionalized 1. Post-treatment fluorescent labeling of 1 observed by confocal fluorescence microscopy shows nuclear and intense nucleolar localization. These results demonstrate the potential of 1 in different cell line localization studies and for future isolation and purification of Pt-bound targets.
The Center for Astrophysics Redshift Survey

We have completed the survey of radial velocities for all 2400 galaxies brighter than 14.5 at high galactic latitude in the northern hemisphere. This data set has already been used to derive a good measure of the local mean mass density, describe the overdensity and the dynamics of the local supercluster and to analyse the dynamics of groups and clusters of galaxies within the sample volume.
JASN’s Silver Jubilee

Anniversaries are times to look back at the path and provenance of what was achieved and to preview what may lie ahead. As JASN celebrates its 25th anniversary of continuous publication this month, its Editors-in-Chief reflect on these issues and quite warmly thank all of JASN ’s authors, readers
Comparison of various exchange potentials in self-consistent OPW energy band calculations for cubic ZnS and ZnSe

Self-consistent energy band calculations using the OPW method have been performed on cubic ZnS and ZnSe using Slater's, Kohn-Sham's and Liberman's exchange potentials. Term values are given for the four symmetry points T, ≥X, L, and W. The variation of the energy bands with the exchange coefficient is shown to be linear. The imaginary part of the dielectric constant (ϵE2) is calculated by means of a pseudopotential interpolation technique for the three exchange potentials. It is found that both the band gap and the position of the peaks of the ϵE2 curves agree very closely with experiment for the self-consistent results derived from Slater's exchange, while the disagreement is substantial for the self-consistent results derived from Kohn-Sham's and Liberman's exchange potential.
Revenue comparison in common-value auctions: Two examples

Abstract When players' affiliated values are symmetrically distributed, expected revenue in the second-price auction equals or exceeds that in the first-price auction (Milgrom and Weber, 1982). We provide two common-value examples where this ranking fails when players are asymmetrically informed.
Influence of power-law rheology on cell injury during microbubble flows

The reopening of fluid-occluded pulmonary airways generates microbubble flows which impart complex hydrodynamic stresses to the epithelial cells lining airway walls. In this study we used boundary element solutions and finite element techniques to investigate how cell rheology influences the deformation and injury of cells during microbubble flows. An optimized Prony-Dirichlet series was used to model the cells' power-law rheology (PLR) and results were compared with a Maxwell fluid model. Results indicate that membrane strain and the risk for cell injury decreases with increasing channel height and bubble speed. In addition, the Maxwell and PLR models both indicate that increased viscous damping results in less cellular deformation/injury. However, only the PLR model was consistent with the experimental observation that cell injury is not a function of stress exposure duration. Correlation of our models with experimental observations therefore highlights the importance of using PLR in computational models of cell mechanics/deformation. These computational models also indicate that altering the cell's viscoelastic properties may be a clinically relevant way to mitigate microbubble-induced cell injury.
Civic Friendship: A Critique of Recent Care Theory

Abstract In recent years feminists have begun arguing for various political conceptions of ‘care’. I have argued, by contrast, for the intimate connection between the women’s movement of the last half century, and the growing realization of the necessity of civic friendship as a condition for genuine justice. I only repeat the outlines of my argument here, for my goal is to look at various institutions which might help realize not merely ‘public care’ – contemporary theories of which I argue need a far more careful normative account – but a civic friendship between all citizens. Indeed, I argue that the ideal of civic friendship provides that normative account of political care lacking in contemporary theories.
Minimal Free Resolutions of Determinantal Ideals and Irreducible Representations of the Lie Superalgebra gl(m | n)

Ž . over K in the standard coordinate functions x on M K . The i j m=n homogeneous ideal of S generated by the p = p minors of the m = n Ž . matrix x is a prime ideal, denoted I , whose zero set is the determinani j p Ž . tal subvariety of M K consisting of matrices of rank less than p. This m= n subvariety is preserved under the natural action of the algebraic group Ž . Ž . Ž . GL K = GL K on the affine space M K by row and column m n m=n operations, and the ideal I is preserved under the corresponding group p action on the coordinate algebra S. The only prime ideals of S that are Ž . Ž . invariant under the action of GL K = GL K are the ideals I for m n p
Transcriptional expression of voltage-gated Na⁺ and voltage-independent K⁺ channels in the developing rat superficial dorsal horn.

Abstract Neurons within the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the rodent spinal cord exhibit distinct firing properties during early life. While this may reflect a unique combination of voltage-gated Na + (Na v ) and voltage-independent (i.e. “leak’’) K + channels which strongly influence neuronal excitability across the CNS, surprisingly little is known about which genes encoding for Na v and leak K + channels are expressed within developing spinal pain circuits. The goal of the present study was therefore to characterize the transcriptional expression of these channels within the rat SDH at postnatal days (P) 3, 10, 21 or adulthood using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrate that Na v isoforms are developmentally regulated at the mRNA level in a subtype-specific manner, as Na v 1.2 and Na v 1.3 decreased significantly from P3 to adulthood, while Na v 1.1 was up-regulated during this period. The data also indicate selective, age-dependent changes in the mRNA expression of two-pore domain (K 2P ) K + channels, as TWIK-related acid-sensitive K + channels TASK-1 (KCNK3) and TASK-3 (KCNK9) were down-regulated during postnatal development in the absence of any changes in the tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying K + channel (TWIK) isoforms examined (KCNK1 and KCNK6). In addition, a developmental shift occurred within the TREK subfamily due to decreased TREK-2 (KCNK10) mRNA within the mature SDH. Meanwhile, G-protein-coupled inward rectifying K + channels (K ir 3.1 and K ir 3.2) were expressed in the SDH at mature levels from birth. Overall, the results suggest that the transcription of ion channel genes occurs in a highly age-dependent manner within the SDH, raising the possibility that manipulating the expression or function of ion channels which are preferentially expressed within immature nociceptive networks could yield novel approaches to relieving pain in infants and children.
The thermal regime in the resurgent dome of Long Valley Caldera, California: Inferences from precision temperature logs in deep wells

Long Valley Caldera in eastern California formed 0.76 Ma ago in a cataclysmic eruption that resulted in the deposition of 600 km3 of Bishop Tuff. The total current heat flow from the caldera floor is estimated to be ~ 290 MW, and a geothermal power plant in Casa Diablo on the flanks of the resurgent dome (RD) generates ~40 MWe. The RD in the center of the caldera was uplifted by ~ 80 cm between 1980 and 1999 and was explained by most models as a response to magma intrusion into the shallow crust. This unrest has led to extensive research on geothermal resources and volcanic hazards in the caldera. Here we present results from precise, high-resolution, temperature–depth profiles in five deep boreholes (327–1,158 m) on the RD to assess its thermal state, and more specifically 1) to provide bounds on the advective heat transport as a guide for future geothermal exploration, 2) to provide constraints on the occurrence of magma at shallow crustal depths, and 3) to provide a baseline for future transient thermal phenomena in response to large earthquakes, volcanic activity, or geothermal production. The temperature profiles display substantial non-linearity within each profile and variability between the different profiles. All profiles display significant temperature reversals with depth and temperature gradients <50 °C/km at their bottom. The maximum temperature in the individual boreholes ranges between 124.7 °C and 129.5 °C and bottom hole temperatures range between 99.4 °C and 129.5 °C. The high-temperature units in the three Fumarole Valley boreholes are at the approximate same elevation as the high-temperature unit in borehole M-1 in Casa Diablo indicating lateral or sub-lateral hydrothermal flow through the resurgent dome. Small differences in temperature between measurements in consecutive years in three of the wells suggest slow cooling of the shallow hydrothermal flow system. By matching theoretical curves to segments of the measured temperature profiles, we calculate horizontal groundwater velocities in the hydrothermal flow unit under the RD that range from 1.9 to 2.8 m/yr, which corresponds to a maximum power flowing through the RD of 3–4 MW. The relatively low temperatures and large isothermal segments at the bottom of the temperature profiles are inconsistent with the presence of magma at shallow crustal levels.
Optimal detector location for bus signal priority

A theoretical model is presented to quantitatively address the relation between bus detector location and effectiveness of transit signal priority (TSP) systems, supplemented by a sample model application and simulation experiments on a real-world arterial corridor. The simulation results agree very well with results from the theoretical model. The findings of this research contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the various components of TSP systems, which can lead to better TSP design and implementation.
Implementation and characterization of meta-resonator antennas

Metamaterials are artificially engineered microstructures that have strong resonance behavior although their electrical size is very small. Meta-resonator (metamaterial resonator) antennas use the resonance of the metamaterials to reduce the size of radiators and design multiband antennas. A split-ring resonator (SRR) is a well-studied metamaterial structure which obtains negative permittivity and/or permeability in a narrow frequency region. In this paper, metamaterial structures and meta-resonator antennas are designed and simulated using a full wave simulator. 2D metaresonator antennas are fabricated by photolithography and 3D meta-resonator antennas are fabricated by LTCC (Low- Temperature Co-fired Ceramic) technique. A free space measurement system is used to characterize metamaterial samples. Several 2D/3D meta-resonator antennas with SRRs are described.
SPIN-ORBIT COUPLING AND THE KNIGHT SHIFT IN NONTRANSITION-METAL SUPERCONDUCTORS

The Knight shift ${K}_{s}$ of nontransition-metal superconductors is discussed in terms of three contributions, namely: (a) The Van Vleck part of the contact shift attributed to the spin-orbit coupling force of the periodic potential which, in the presence of an external magnetic field, causes virtual high-energy rearrangements of conduction electrons near and inside the Fermi surface; (b) that part of the contact shift which is attributed to low-energy rearrangements of conduction electrons and affected by spin-reversing scattering; and (c) the diamagnetic orbital shift. For the calculation of (a), Wannier's theory of a Bloch electron in a magnetic field is generalized to the original Pauli Hamiltonian ${\mathcal{H}}_{0}$, describing the relativistic dynamical behavior of a conduction electron in the effective periodic potential of the lattice. This leads to an effective Hamiltonian which couples only Bloch-type spinors of the same band index, but of the same and of different spin indices. With the help of the eigenfunctions of ${\mathcal{H}}_{0}$, the hyperfine contact interaction is treated by perturbation theory. To arrive at simple expressions for the corresponding Knight shift and nuclear spin-relaxation time, valid for arbitrary strength of spin-orbit coupling, the energy-band function in the absence of the field is approximated by a parabola. Formulas for (b) and (c) are taken from the literature. The relative importance of the three contributions to ${K}_{s}$ is discussed for Al, Sn, and Hg, where the Knight shift has been observed in the normal and in the superconducting states. If one assumes that spin-reversing scattering is caused merely by spin-orbit interactions at atomic imperfections such as displaced surface atoms of small particles, and not by paramagnetic impurities, one finds that in Al neither of the two spin-orbit coupling effects is sufficiently strong to account for more than \ensuremath{\sim}2% of the residual shift ${K}_{s}(0)$. For the experimental Sn sample, (a) and (b) have the ratio 1:3 and, together with the orbital shift, can account for $\frac{2}{3}$ of the observed ${K}_{s}(0)$. For Hg, (a) and (b) are of comparable magnitude at $T=0$ and together account for more than \textonehalf{} of the observed shift ${K}_{s}(0)$.
Multiple sclerosis in the faroe islands: I. Clinical and epidemiological features

Intensive search over the past five years for all cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) on the Faroe Island since about 1920 has revealed 25 cases among native-born resident Faroese up to 1977. All but 1 patient had clinical onset of MS between 1943 and 1960; 1 case began in 1970. Four cases of MS in Faroese with prolonged foreign residence and 5 among Danish-born Faroese were excluded. The 24 included cases with onset between 1943 and 1960 meet all criteria for a point-source epidemic. The median year of onset was 1949. The cumulative risk of MS for Faroese in 1940 was 8.7 per 10,000. All 14 early-onset cases (1943 to 1949) were in patients 11 to 45 years old in 1940; all but 2 late-onset cases (1952 to 1960) were in persons aged up to 10 years old in 1940. British troops occupied the Faroese in large numbers for five years beginning in April, 1940. During the war, all but 3 patients resided in locations where the troops were stationed, and these 3 also had direct contact with the British. We conclude that there was an epidemic of MS on the Faroes and that the disease was probably introduced by the British troops (or their baggage). If so, then MS on the Faroes is a transmissible disease, most likely infectious; but only about 1 in 500 of the exposed individuals were clinically affected.
In-cell RT-PCR in a single, detached plant cell

A procedure is presented for the detection of mRNA in a single root border cell of pea seedlings using RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and direct incorporation of digoxigenin-dUTP. It includes cell preservation with aldehyde. Signal is detected using a conjugate of anti-DIG and alkaline phosphatase.
Thromboxane A2 receptors are influenced by cell density in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells.

Abstract The influence of cell density on the binding characteristics of thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 (TXA2/PGH2) receptors in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells in culture were determined using [1S- (1α, 2β (5Z), 3a (1E, 3R∗), 4α)] - 7 -[3- (3-hydroxy -4- (4'- iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl)-7-oxabicyclo-[2.2.1]heptan-2yl]-5-heptenoic acid (125I-BOP). The Bmax for 125I-BOP was 5,430±139 sites/cell (26.9±5.7 fmoles/mg protein) for cells cultured in 1% fetal calf serum and 2809±830 sites/cell (13.1±2.2 fmoles/mg protein) for cells cultured in 10% fetal calf serum. Cells were allowed to grow to varying densities and then harvested for assay. There was a negative correlation between the Bmax and the cell density per flask. The Kd for I-BOP did not significantly vary in any of the studies. The results demonstrate that cell density plays an important role in influencing the expression of vascular TXA2/PGH2 receptors.
Needs assessment of community-based services for children and youth with emotional or behavioral disorders and their families: Part 1. A conceptual model

Communities throughout the nation are attempting to develop comprehensive systems of community-based, interagency care for children and youth with emotional or behavioral disorders and their families. Needs assessment has been identified as a key component of these initiatives. A needs assessment provides system planners with the data needed to make informed decisions with regard to improving the current system of care. In this first of a two-article series, an overview is presented of a model needs assessment designed for implementation by an interagency coalition interested in developing a comprehensive system of community-based services for children and youth with emotional or behavioral disorders and their families. Major components of the model include foundations for needs assessment, data collection, and data utilization.
A pilot study on the effect of epinephrine on botulinum toxin treatment for periorbital rhytides.

BACKGROUND Relaxation of hyperactive facial muscles by injection of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA) represents the most common cosmetic procedure performed in the United States. OBJECTIVE The objective of this split-face randomized double-blind study was to determine the effect of epinephrine (EPI) on the efficacy of BOTOX treatment of muscle hyperactivity in the upper face. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen subjects (ages 39-57 years) with moderate to severe periorbital rhytides were enrolled. Study patients were blinded to the two treatment arms, BOTOX and BOTOX plus EPI 1:100,000. Subjective and objective evaluations were performed at 0 and 4 days and 1, 3, and 6 months, and clinical improvement was assessed using a nominal scale from 0 to 4, corresponding to 0, 1% to 25%, 26% to 50%, 51% to 75%, and 76% to 100% improvement, respectively. The incidence of adverse events was also recorded. RESULTS Fourteen subjects with moderate to severe periorbital rhytides were treated with BOTOX or BOTOX plus EPI. One subject was discontinued from the study after receiving asymmetric doses of BOTOX. At 4, 30, and 90 days after treatment, subjective and objective improvement scores revealed that EPI enhanced the efficacy of BOTOX when compared to BOTOX alone. By 3 months, the effect of BOTOX and BOTOX plus EPI had peaked and continued to fall through 6 months. One of 14 patients did not appear to respond to BOTOX treatment. Both treatments were well tolerated with no serious adverse events. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we are the first to test under randomized double-blind conditions the effect of EPI on efficacy of BOTOX. Our data suggest that addition of EPI may accelerate the rate of onset as well as the short-term efficacy of BOTOX for treatment of periorbital rhytides.
Cefquinome (HR 111V) in vitro evaluation of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin indicated for infections in animals

Abstract Cefquinome (formerly HR 111V), an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with cefepime, cefpirome, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime against 681 clinical cultures and a challenge set of bacteria with well-characterized resistance mechanisms. Cefquinome minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC 90 ) for the enterobacteriaceae ranged from ⩽0.12–2 μ g/ml with the highest MIC (4 μg/ml) obtained among Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, and Providencia stuartii strains. A total of 90% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited by cefquinome at ⩽8 μ g/ml. Cefquinome activity of particular note for Gram-positive isolates included Corynebacterium jeikeium (MIC 90 , 8 μg/ml) and enterococci (MIC 50 , 4–8 μg/ml). Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 32-fold less susceptible (MIC 90 , 16 μg/ml) to cefquinome than oxacillin-susceptible (MIC 90 , 0.5 μg/ml) strains. Cefquinome was very potent against fastidious isolates such as Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC 90 , 0.25–2 μg/ml); Haemophilus influenzae (MIC 90 , 0.06–1 μg/ml), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC 90 , 0.06–0.5 μg/ml), and Streptococcus species ( MIC 90 , ⩽0.03–0.06 μ g/ml). When tested against organisms possessing Bush group 2 enzymes (including extended spectrum β-lactamases), cefquinome remained active (MIC, ⩽8 μ g/ml) against the majority of strains. This compound should be very active against pathogens generally found in animal infections and possesses a potency and spectrum comparable to the "fourth-generation" cephalosporins (cefepime and cefpirome) being investigated for human infectious diseases.
Do Latino and Non-Latino White Medicaid-Enrolled Adults Differ in Utilization of Evidence-Based Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder?

Although evidence-based practice guidelines have been developed to achieve greater consistency and quality in mental health care, insufficient research exists on implementing these guidelines among different racial/ethnic groups and the impact of guideline adherence on treatment outcomes. This study compared mental health care received by community dwelling Latino and non-Latino White Medicaid enrollees in Florida with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and examined predictors of adherence to American Psychiatric Association (APA) guidelines for the treatment of MDD. Latinos were more likely than Whites to receive guideline adherent treatment (OR = 1.21, P < .0001). Enrollees receiving combination drug therapy were most likely to receive treatment consistent with APA guidelines (OR = 4.25, P < .0001). Despite research demonstrating the efficacy of evidence–based practices, many study participants did not receive guideline adherent treatment. Policies and practices targeted at increasing adherence to approved guidelines and improving treatment outcomes are recommended.
Twenty-two year experience with recurring subareolar abscess andlactiferous duct fistula treated by a single breast surgeon

Abstract Background Recurring subareolar abscess and lactiferous duct fistula are frequently difficult to manage. Methods Personal experience with 67 cases treated during the past 22 years is reviewed. Results There were 38 cases of subareolar abscess and 29 of lactiferous duct fistula. Thirty-three patients had resolution with antibiotics and needle aspiration or with incision and drainage,but 34 patients required definitive duct excision. Eight patients had duct excision through circumareolar incisions, and 5 of these had prolonged healing problems or recurrence within 1 year. Twenty-six patients had duct excision by placing a probe into the duct and radially excising an elliptical area of the nipple and areola like a “slice of pie,” and these all healed primarily (P Conclusions Approximately half of the patients with subareolar abscess can be managed medically, but the other half will require definitive duct excision. A radial elliptical incision with primary closure results in excellent cosmesis and low long-term recurrence rates.