cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Corresponding States Correlations for Pool and Flow Boiling Burnout

The peak pool boiling heat flux can be nondimensionalized so the dimensionless peak heat flux is a function of a Bond or Laplace number that characterizes the system geometry. The dimensionless peak heat flux can be interpreted as the product of a geometrical function (given by previous investigations), universal functions of the reduced saturation pressure, and the Pitzer acentric factor. The latter universal functions are constructed by correlation. These are combined to give a single prediction of the peak heat flux that applies to all the common geometrical heater configurations. The probable error of the prediction, when it is compared with the available peak heat flux data, is 6.1 percent for substances whose dipole moment is not high. The method is also extended to create a comparable correlation for flow boiling burnout during crossflows over cylinders. There is a lack of data with which to check this correlation fully.
Multifocal periostitis as a complication of chronic use of voriconazole in a lung transplant recipient

Fungal infections are common in solid organ transplantation. An increasing number of transplant recipients receive antifungal therapy for prolonged duration owing to invasive fungal infections. Herein, we describe a diagnosis of periostitis as a complication of chronic use of voriconazole in a lung transplant recipient. The patient was diagnosed with probable pulmonary aspergillosis and was treated with oral voriconazole for a total of 9 months. Evidence of multifocal periostitis was observed in the axial and appendicular skeleton. Early recognition of this phenomenon is important to prevent unnecessary tests and procedures. Prompt discontinuation of voriconazole should result in improvement of symptoms.
PRECIPITATION OF VACANCIES IN METALS

Clustered vacancies, the various factors involved in their precipitation, annihilation and the manner in which they induce hardening are considered. A guide for the analysis of dislocation loops formed from collapsed clustered point defects is included. A summary of the kinds of defects observed by electron microscopy in quenched and aged metals is given. (C.E.S.)
In silico research in the era of cloud computing

Snapshots of computer systems that are stored and shared 'in the cloud' could make computational analyses more reproducible.
Relationships Among Mercury Concentrations, Hormones, and Nesting Effort of White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) in the Florida Everglades

Abstract Mercury, a common wetland pollutant, can affect wildlife populations through acute toxicity or through physiological effects that modify behavior and negatively influence reproductive success. We compared body-feather mercury concentrations of free-living male and female adult White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) during three breeding seasons in the Florida Everglades and examined the relationships among mercury, hormone concentrations, and body-condition scores. Female White Ibises consistently had lower mercury concentrations than males. Prebreeding females' estradiol concentrations were negatively correlated with mercury concentrations. However, we found no relationship between mercury and female testosterone, progesterone, and corticosterone concentrations. Incubating male White Ibises showed a significant positive relationship between testosterone and mercury concentrations, but no other significant hormonal correlations with mercury concentrations. We used a seven-year standardized data set of Gr...
Acoustic Correlates of Breathy Vocal Quality

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of several acoustic measures in predicting breathiness ratings. Recordings were made of eight normal men and seven normal women producing...
Physicalizing the Image, Physicalizing the Digital

Radically shifting personal experience of the visual image from virtual worlds like Second Life, from flat screens, cinema, and paper to physical forms, subverts the predominance of the digital realm. Living on the surface of the screen minimizes the tactility of materials and the resonance of memory and meaning embodied in objects. Digital 3D cinema, 3D television, and 3D cameras are precursors at the threshold of transforming digital into physical. The image flexes from screen to object with 3D printers and CNC machines. In the medical profession, computer 3D images from CT scans are transformed to remotely controlled, physical surgeries. Recently thinking experiments use brain activity to remotely control robotic arms. Vehicles for physicalizing the image from paper, screen, and from oneâ€™s imagination and thinking in the brain, manifest three-dimensional, palpable, sensory, tactile, objectified experiences. How will this phenomena transform modes of digital communication, physical interactions, and production on both the global and the personal scales? How will the material role of the computer prescribe new creative activities, new modes of artistic expression?
Behavioral responses to food odor in juvenile marine fish : Acuity varies with species and fish length

Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that acuity of behavioral responses to food odor in three commercially important species of marine fish would increase as juvenile length increased. Swimming activity among two size groups of fish was measured in the presence of a series of squid extract dilutions. Increased swimming activity in juvenile Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma Pallas, and sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria Pallas was stimulated above threshold concentrations of squid extract, expressed as dilution from full strength. Maximum chemosensory acuity was observed in smaller (8–14 cm total length, TL) Pacific halibut and walleye pollock, while larger sablefish (15–23 cm TL) continued to develop acuity. Response thresholds were highest (10 − 3 dilution) in Pacific halibut, at intermediate levels (10 − 4 –10 − 6 dilution) in walleye pollock and smaller sablefish and reached the lowest levels (10 − 13 dilution) in larger sablefish. The widely held view that dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) are the primary chemosensory stimulants for fish food searching may not be valid for sablefish, as they detected squid extract at dilutions containing DFAA that appeared to be far below ambient sea water DFAA concentrations.
Pneumatic reduction of ileocolic intussusception in children

Pneumatic reduction of ileocolic intussusception in children has been used in Argentina and in China for more than 25 years but has only recently been attempted in North America. It is reported to be safer and more effective than reduction by the hydrostatic pressure of a barium suspension. Our preliminary experience with four patients has been rewarding and we believe it may become the method of choice.
Markov Inequalities on Partially Ordered Spaces

Let X(ω) be a random element taking values in a linear space X endowed with the partial order ≤; let G0 be the class of nonnegative order-preserving functions on X such that, for each g∈G0, E[g(X)] is defined; and let G1ņG0 be the subclass of concave functions. A version of Markov's inequality for such spaces in P(X ≥ x) ≤ infG0E[g(X)]/g(x). Moreover, if E(X) = ξ is defined and if Jensen's inequality applies, we have a further inequality P(X≥x) ≤ infG1E[g(X)]/g(x) ≤ infG1g(ξ)/g(x). Applications are given using a variety or orderings of interest in statistics and applied probability.
Laser absorption spectroscopy system for vaporization process characterization and control

In support of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL's) Uranium Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (U-AVLIS) Program, a laser atomic absorption spectroscopy (LAS) system has been developed. This multilaser system is capable of simultaneously measuring the line densities of 238U ground and metastable states, 235U ground and metastable states, iron, and ions at up to nine locations within the separator vessel. Supporting enrichment experiments that last over one hundred hours, this laser spectroscopy system is employed to diagnose and optimize separator system performance, control the electron beam vaporizer and metal feed systems, and provide physics data for the validation of computer models. As a tool for spectroscopic research, vapor plume characterization, vapor deposition monitoring, and vaporizer development, LLNL's LAS laboratory with its six argon-ion-pumped ring dye lasers and recently added Ti:Sapphire and external-cavity diode- lasers has capabilities far beyond the requirements of its primary mission.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Active aeroelastic control with time delay for targeted flutter modes

Abstract The dynamic behavior of aeroelastic systems is characterized by multiple numbers of modes. Aeroelastic instability, such as flutter, associated with a certain mode can be stabilized by active control through pole placement. However, the controller can influence or may destabilize other aeroelastic modes due to spillover. In this paper, flutter suppression and flutter boundary extension by partial pole placement in an aeroelastic system is presented by active state feedback having a single time delay in the control loop. This allows the control of the desired mode of interest without influencing any other modes. A quadratic partial pole assignment problem with constant time delay is generalized here for the case of asymmetric system matrices. It is shown with a numerical example that with this approach poles associated with a targeted flutter mode can be stabilized without affecting the other aeroelastic modes. The effect of time delay on control gains and incorporation of actuator dynamics in the proposed framework are demonstrated. Posterior stability analysis is briefly presented for estimating the critical time delays for the controlled system.
Deuterium labeling and mass fragmentation studies of staurosporine

The mass fragmentation pattern of the antitumor antibiotic staurosporine (1), a potent PKC inhibitor, has been studied by HREIMS and by using deuterium-labeled samples of 1, derived from incorporation experiments with [6-2H2]-d-glucose, [2-2H]-d-glucose, [U-2H7]-d-glucose, and deuterium oxide.
Analysis of ν2 of H233S and H234S

Abstract We have extended our analysis of the (010) vibrational state of H 2 S, this time using Watson's A -reduced Hamiltonian (through P 8 terms) in the I ′ rotational representation. We have determined separate sets of (010) upper state constants for each isotopomer (H 2 32 S, H 2 33 S, and H 2 34 S) by fitting the ν 2 spectral lines, keeping the ground state constants fixed to the values determined by Flaud, Camy-Peyret, and Johns. Determinable coefficients for H 2 32 S and a slightly revised set of ν 2 line assignments for H 2 33 S and H 2 34 S are also reported.
A nonrecursive method of syntax specification

The use of the Kleene regular expression notation for describing algebraic language syntax, in particular of ALGOL, is described in this paper. A FORTRAN II computer program for carrying out the elimination algorithm of Gorn, similar to Gaussian elimination for linear systems of algebraic equations, is described. This was applied to numerous smaller languages, including some sublanguages of ALGOL. A hand calculation result of the application of the algorithm to all of ALGOL is given, thus expressing the Revised ALGOL 1960 syntax in completely nonrecursive terms, as far as its context-free portion is concerned. This description in many ways is far more intuitively understood than the previous recursive description, it is suggested. The paper also includes results of the machine program, which does not include a simplification algorithm.
Performance and energy evaluation of CoMD on Intel Xeon Phi co-processors

Molecular dynamics simulations are used extensively in science and engineering. Co-Design Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) is a proxy application that reflects the workload characteristics of production molecular dynamics software. In particular, CoMD is computationally intensive with 90+% of execution time spent to calculate inter-atomic force potentials. Hence, this application is an ideal candidate for acceleration with the Intel Xeon Phi because it has high theoretical computational performance with low energy consumption. In this work, the kernel computing Embedded Atom model (EAM) forces is adapted to utilize the Intel Xeon Phi acceleration. Performance and energy are measured in the experiments that vary thread affinity, thread count, problem size, node count, and the number of Xeon Phi's per node. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is used to reduce host-side power draw during Xeon Phi accelerated phases of the application. Test results are compared against the original (host-only) implementation that uses multi-threading, and energy savings as high as 30% are observed.
Myofibroblastic Differentiation of Stromal Cells in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: An Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study

AbstractThe nature of the mononuclear stromal cells (MSCs) in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree and significance of myofibroblastic differentiation in 18 cases of GCTB by immunohistochemistry (IH) and/or electron microscopy (EM). All immunostained cases were found positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and/or muscle specific actin (MSA), most in 1–33% of the MSCs. Ultrastructurally, most MSCs were fibroblasts, and a significant number of cells displayed myofibroblastic differentiation. Myofibroblasts are an important component of MSCs in GCTB. The myofibroblastic population may be responsible in part for the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which probably play a role in bone destruction, tumor aggression, and recurrence.
A NOVEL METABOLIC PATHWAY FOR 25–HYDROXYVITAMIN D 2 IN A MAMMALIAN KIDNEY

Two new metabolites of vitamin D2 were produced by perfusing kidneys, isolated from D-sufficient normocalcemic rats with pharmacological concentration (2×10−6M) of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 [ 25(OH)D2 ]. They were isolated and purified from the lipid extract of the perfusate using high performance liquid chromotography. By means of ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry and specific chemical reactions, the new metabolites were identified as 24, 25, 28-trihydroxyvitamin D2 [ 24, 25, 28(OH), D2 ] and 24, 25, 26-trihydroxyvitamin D2 [ 24, 25, 26 (OH)3D2]. Along with the two new metabolites 24, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 [ 24, 25(OH)2D2 ] was isolated and it was also demonstrated that the two new metabolites were formed from 24, 25(OH)2D2. Thus, our results indicate that 25(OH)D2 is first hydroxylated at C-24 to form 24, 25(OH)2D2 which is then further hydroxylated at C-28 and C-26 to form 24, 25, 28(OH)3D2 and 24, 25, 26(OH)3D2 respectively. In order to demonstrate the formation of the new metabolites under physiological conditions, 3H-25(OH)D2 was biologically produced by perfusing livers isolated from D-deficient rats with 3H-vitamin D2 (15Ci/mmol). Using 3H-25(OH)D2, we demonstrated the formation of the new metabolites when a concentration of 25(OH)D2 as low as (8×10−10M) was used as the substrate. Thus our study describes for the first time, a novel metabolic pathway for 25(OH) D2 in a mammalian kidney under physiological conditions.
On the importance of a methyl group in beta-lactamase evolution: free energy profiles and molecular modeling.

β-Lactam antibiotics are generally thought to inhibit their target enzymes, the bacterial cell wall-synthesizing dd-peptidases, because of their resemblance to d-alanyl-d-alanine peptides. Although...
Generalized Ginzburg-Landau and Cahn-Hilliard equations based on a microforce balance

Abstract A unified framework for equations of Ginzburg-Landau and Cahn-Hilliard type is developed using, as a basis, a balance law for microforces in conjunction with constitutive equations consistent with a mechanical version of the second law.
Water based silicone elastomer controlled release tablet film coating V - A statistical approach

AbstractThe silicone elastomer latex formulated with polyethylene glycol and colloidal silica produced a controlled release film coating on potassium chloride tablets. The release rate of potassium chloride was controlled by the total amount of polyethylene glycol and the weight fraction of polyethylene glycol 8000 and 1450 incorporated in the coating. A mathematical model was developed to quantitate the effect of coating components on the drug release rate using the statistical extreme vertices design. The predictive capability of this functional relationship was tested and validated experimentally.
Left ventricular function in normal newborn infants and asymptomatic infants with neonatal polycythemia

Abstract Digitized M-mode echocardiography was used to evaluate left ventricular (LV) function in normal neonates and to document subtle abnormalities of LV function in 19 asymptomatic newborn infants with polycythemia and hyperiviscosity. Echocardiograms were performed before and after partial exchange transfusion and at 48 hours of age. Results were compared to those obtained from analysis of echocardiograms from 18 normal infants with normal hematocrift at 12 and 48 hours of age. In the normal group there were no differences between the digitized indices of LV function at 12 hours and those at 48 hours of age. In the polycythemic group, prior to hemodilution, the peak rate of LV emptying was low compared to normal values (−3.1 ± 0.7 sec −1 vs −3.6 ± 1.0 sec −1 , p −1 , The peak rate of left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thickening also increased following partial exchange transfusion (3.2 ± 0.6 sec −1 to 3.7 ± 1.0 sec −1 , p −1 vs 3.9 ± 1.3 sec −1 , p
READING WITH YIN YANG EYES: NEGOTIATING THE IDEOLOGICAL DILEMMA OF A CHINESE AMERICAN BIBLICAL HERMENEUTICS

Chinese Americans living in today's "postcolonial" North America are often confronted by various forms of neocolonialism. It is no exception for those working within the field of biblical studies. In order to publish and be recognized within the guild, Chinese Americans are often asked to make the "nonchoice" between forsaking their own culture and engaging in the production of some exotic "biblical tourist literature" for others to visit and "sightsee" in times of leisure. This article attempts to expose the oppressive binarism of—in Cornel West's terms—"faceless universalism" and "ethnic chauvinism," and explore how Chinese American Bible scholars may negotiate this ideological dilemma by reading from a marginal site/sight.
The classification of solvents for bis-phenol-a polycarbonate

A procedure is described which permits the classification of solvents according to their effect on polycarbonate (PC): Class I—dissolve amorphous or crystalline PC Class II—dissolve only amorphous PC Class III—convert amorphous PC to crystalline PC Class IV—none of the above. This classification is achieved by comparing solvents to CH2Cl2 with respect to the exotherm and rate of crystallization observed when the solvents are brought into contact with PC under controlled conditions.
Interaction of carbonaceous nanomaterials with wastewater biomass

Increasing production and use of carbonaceous nanomaterials (NMs) will increase their release to the sewer system and to municipal wastewater treatment plants. There is little quantitative knowledge on the removal of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene oxide (GO), or few-layer graphene (FLG) from wastewater into the wastewater biomass. As such, we investigated the quantification of GO and MWCNTs by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and FLG using programmable thermal analysis (PTA), respectively. We further explored the removal of pristine and oxidized MWCNTs (OMWCNTs), GO, and FLG in a biomass suspension. At least 96% of pristine and O-MWCNTs were removed from the water phase through aggregation and 30-min settling in presence or absence of biomass with an initial MWCNT concentration of 25 mg∙L–1. Only 65% of GO was removed with biomass concentration at or above 1,000 mg∙L–1 as total suspended solids (TSS) with the initial GO concentration of 25 mg∙L–1. As UV-Vis spectrophotometry does not work well on quantification of FLG, we studied the removal of FLG at a lower biomass concentration (50 mg TSS∙L–1) using PTA, which showed a 16% removal of FLG with an initial concentration of 1 mg∙L–1. The removal data for GO and FLG were fitted using the Freundlich equation (R 2 = 0.55, 0.94, respectively). The data presented in this study for carbonaceous NM removal from wastewater provides quantitative information for environmental exposure modeling and life cycle assessment.
Effect of age on vascular content of calcitonin gene-related peptide and mesenteric vasodilator nerve activity in the rat

Effects of age on sensory nerve vasodilator activity and vascular calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels were investigated in Fischer 344 rats, aged 6, 20 and 27 months. Increases in pressure to transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) of the isolated perfused mesentery were greater at 27 months compared to 6 or 20 at frequencies of 4 and 8 Hz. With guanethidine to block adrenergic nerves and methoxamine to increase smooth muscle tone, TNS-induced vasodilation of the perfused mesentery decreased with age, reaching statistical significance at a frequency of 4 Hz and 27 months. There were no significant differences with age in concentration-response curves to CGRP in the perfused mesentery, except for the oldest rats at low concentrations of CGRP which showed increased vasodilation. Levels of CGRP-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) in mesenteric and femoral arteries at 27 months were significantly less compared with 6 and 20 months; in the renal artery CGRP-LI was significantly decreased by 20 months. This study suggests that decreased sensory nerve function in aging animals may contribute to age-related alterations in circulatory hemodynamics.
Cryogenic refractive indices of ZnSe, Ge, and Si at 10.6 μm

Refractive-index measurements as a function of temperature have been made for zinc selenide, germanium, and silicon at 10.6 μm over a temperature range of 20–300 K. Each measurement was made by finding the deviation angle of a beam perpendicularly incident on a right triangle prism. The curves for index of refraction versus temperature have been fitted to polynomials, and values for the change in index with temperature are given as a function of temperature.
Side Effects of Adjuvant Chemotherapy: Perceptions of Node-Negative Breast Cancer Patients

Twenty-one node-negative breast cancer patients were interviewed shortly after completing adjuvant chemotherapy and asked about side effects they had experienced, expectation of side effects, and strategies for coping with the side effects. Eighteen of the women were interviewed 6 months later to determine their feelings about the chemotherapy experience and ending treatment and what side effects persisted or developed after chemotherapy. Hair loss, fatigue, treatment-related problems, nausea and infections/low blood counts were the most frequently described problems during the first interviews. Patients used coping strategies suggested by physicians and nurses. Six months later, hair problems, fatigue, weight gain, menopausal problems, emotional problems and nail problems were most often reported. Most patients (16/18) did not expect to be experiencing chemotherapy-related problems 6 months after ending treatment. Fatigue interfered with daily lives and weight gain caused concern. A total of 35% of participants experienced fear or anxiety at the end of chemotherapy, but most (62%) recalled at least some positive feelings 6 months later. Given the same circumstances, all but two would make the same decision to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy. Support groups would be especially useful for patients completing chemotherapy who would lose continued frequent support from clinic personnel.
Increasing optical bandwidth in multimode fibers using space division/spatial domain multiplexing

A novel MIMO scheme using spatial domain multiplexing/space division multiplexing (SDM) is used to quadruple the bandwidth of standard step index multimode optical fibers. This presents multiplexer setup and results for four channel SDM architecture.
Elementary Science Education in Classrooms and Outdoors: Stakeholder Views, Gender, Ethnicity, and Testing.

In this article, we present a mixed-methods study of 2 schools’ elementary science programs including outdoor instruction specific to each school's culture. We explore fifth-grade students in measures of science knowledge, environmental attitudes, and outdoor comfort levels including gender and ethnic differences. We further examine students’ science and outdoor views and activity choices along with those of adults (teachers, parents, and principals). Significant differences were found between pre- and posttest measures along with gender and ethnic differences with respect to students’ science knowledge and environmental attitudes. Interview data exposed limitations of outdoor learning at both schools including standardized test pressures, teachers’ views of science instruction, and desultory connections of alternative learning settings to ‘school' science.
Cholesterol excretion by tissue culture cells: effect of serum lipids.

Abstract The excretion of free cholesterol by prelabeled tissue culture cells has been studied in a system in which the medium contained delipidized serum protein, bovine albumin or whole serum as acceptors of free cholesterol. It has been shown that addition of phospholipids to these proteins enhances the desorption of cholesterol during a 6-h incubation period. Cholesterol excretion is influenced by both the type and concentration of phospholipid and protein in the culture medium. The phospholipid enhancement of cholesterol excretion was demonstrated in L5178Y cells prelabeled with exogenous cholesterol and L-cells prelabeled with biosynthesized cholesterol. The addition of glycerides and free fatty acids, however, had no significant effect on the excretion of free cholesterol from tissue culture cells.
Development of wing sensory axons in the central nervous system of Drosophila during metamorphosis.

The development of new, adult-specific axonal pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) of insects during metamorphosis is still largely uncharacterized. Here we used axonal labeling with DiI to describe the timing and pattern of growth of sensory axons originating in the wing of Drosophila as they establish their adult projection pattern in the CNS during pupal life. The wing of Drosophila carries a small number of readily identifiable sensory organs (sensilla) whose neurons are located in the periphery and whose axons travel along specific routes within the adult CNS. The neurons are born and undergo axonogenesis in a characteristic order. The order of axon arrival in the CNS appears to be the same as that of their development in the periphery. Within the CNS, the formation of four prominent axon bundles leading to distant termination sites is followed by the formation of a compact axon termination site near the point of wing nerve entry into the CNS. This sensillum-specific pattern persists into adulthood without discernible modification. We also find a small number of axons filled with DiI prior to the formation of the four permanent bundles. We have only been able to fill them for a few hours in early pupal life and therefore consider them to be transient. The bundles of wing sensory axons travel within tracts that contain other axons as well. Using immunocytochemistry, the tracts start to be histologically identifiable at around 12 h after pupariation (AP), and grow substantially as metamorphosis proceeds. Wing sensory neurons are found in the tracts by 18–20 h AP and the full adult pattern is established by 48 h AP. When sensory axons first enter the CNS, they fan out in the region where their appropriate tracts are located, but they do not wander extensively. They quickly form bundles that become increasingly compact over time. Calculations show that the rate of axon extension within the CNS varies from bundle to bundle and is equal to or greater than that of the same axons growing through wing tissue. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effect of cell division on the cellular dynamics of microinjected DNA and dextran.

Gene delivery is a multistep process that is being studied to increase its efficiency, a major hurdle for effective gene therapy. Our study focused on the nuclear entry step by microinjecting a mixture of fluorescent dextran and the pEYFP-Nuc plasmid (encoding a nuclear-targeted, enhanced GFP) into the cytoplasm of nondividing and dividing cells that were selected using non-chemical means. After 10 and 1000 ng/μl of plasmid DNA (pDNA) were cytoplasmically injected, 28% and 50% of the cells that had not divided expressed GFP, respectively, compared with 50% and 90% for the cells that had divided. This result suggested that pDNA can enter the nonmitotic nuclei of mononucleated cells, albeit at a lower efficiency than mitotic nuclei. The ability of pDNA to enter the intact nuclei of nondividing cells is consistent with our previous experience using multinucleated myotubes and digitonin-permeabilized cells in culture and using intravascular naked pDNA delivery in vivo. An explanation for the small effect of cell division was provided by studies using fluorescently labeled molecules and confocal fluorescent microscopy. They showed that the bulk of large dextran, and similarly pDNA, was excluded from re-formed nuclei after mitosis, thereby limiting the effect of cell division on the nuclear entry of pDNA.
On What's not Wrong With a darwinian theory of culture

critical of attempts to test this prediction under a "normal scientific" framework (Kuhn 1970). It suggests that the prediction has been received as "revolutionary" in that efforts to test it empirically have been overshadowed by attacks at a fundamental level, in spite of the prediction being grounded in theory considered fundamentally sound--at least when applied to nonhumans (e.g., Darwin 1859; Fisher 1930; Wright 1931; Williams 1957, 1966a; Hamilton 1964; Trivers 1971; Maynard Smith and Price 1973). My goal here is to refute two such attacks, and thereby facilitate efforts to get on with an empirical evaluation of a Darwinian theory of culture.
Proximal vein thrombosis secondary to hemodialysis catheterization complicated by arteriovenous fistula

Abstract Innominate vein thrombosis as a result of previous hemodialysis catheter placement occurred in a patient with a functioning radial-cephalic fistula, resulting in massive edema with bleb formation. Diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and the complication was successfully managed by subclavian vein-superior vena cava bypass. This experience suggests the need to consider the possibility of proximal vein occlusion in selecting arteriovenous fistula sites and, rather than abandoning the fistula, allowing it to serve to protect patency of a proximal bypass. (J VASC SURG 1987;5:876-8.)
Uses and abuses of “phantom” seismic horizons

Seismic attributes, such as amplitude, are often mapped on horizons that have been tracked as peaks or troughs. In some instances, the attributes of a geologic bed are desired, even though that bed may not correspond directly to a specific peak or trough. In these cases, the interpreter may resort to the use of “phantom” horizons—ones that are based on a horizon that can be tracked (as a peak or a trough), and then displaced in time an appropriate amount to correspond to the geologic bed of interest. This approach can be useful, but because the tracked horizon and the geologic bed of interest may not be precisely conformable, it is fraught with dangers.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a fused bispyrone and preparation of the first metal bispyrylium complexes

Dehydroacetic acid reacts with acetic anhydride in the presence of perchloric acid to give a salt which upon careful neutralization affords a fused bis-γ-pyrone. The bis-γ-pyrone forms stable metal complexes with Li, Mg, Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn, Fe(II), Co(II) and Ba perchlorates whose crystal structures reveal that the ligand possesses significant bispyrylium character while the metal is coordinated at the negatively charged edge of the structure.
HARKing: Hypothesizing After the Results are Known:

This article considers a practice in scientific communication termed HARKing (Hypothesizing After the Results are Known). HARKing is defined as presenting a post hoc hypothesis (i.e., one based on or informed by one's results) in one's research report as i f it were, in fact, an a priori hypotheses. Several forms of HARKing are identified and survey data are presented that suggests that at least some forms of HARKing are widely practiced and widely seen as inappropriate. I identify several reasons why scientists might HARK. Then I discuss several reasons why scientists ought not to HARK. It is conceded that the question of whether HARKing ' s costs exceed its benefits is a complex one that ought to be addressed through research, open discussion, and debate. To help stimulate such discussion (and for those such as myself who suspect that HARKing's costs do exceed its benefits), I conclude the article with some suggestions for deterring HARKing.
Cardiac surgery after mediastinal radiation: extent of exposure influences outcome.

Objectives Mediastinal radiation for thoracic malignancies uses multiple treatment fields and doses. We investigated whether more extensive radiation exposure is associated with more hospital complications and worse survival after cardiac surgery. Methods From January 2000 to January 2005, 230 patients underwent cardiac surgery after 3 levels of mediastinal radiation: extensive (Hodgkin disease, thymoma, and testicular cancer; n=70), variable (eg, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lung cancer; n=35); and tangential (breast cancer; n=125). Hospital complications were recorded prospectively, and time-related survival was assessed by patient follow-up (mean follow-up, 2.2 ± 1.4 years). Results Patients receiving extensive exposure were youngest (51 vs 64 vs 72 years), with the longest radiation-to-operation interval (25 vs 13 vs 14 years), and had the most diastolic dysfunction, left main stenosis of greater than 70% (21% vs 9% vs 8%), and aortic regurgitation (79% vs 54% vs 50%). Patients receiving extensive and variable exposure had the poorest pulmonary function (percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second, 57% vs 54% vs 67%; percent predicted forced vital capacity, 56% vs 63% vs 66%). All groups received a similar mix of cardiac procedures. Hospital deaths (13% vs 8.6% vs 2.4%) and respiratory complications (24% vs 20% vs 9.6%) were higher after more extensive radiation, and survival was poorer (4-year survival, 64% vs 57% vs 80%) than for patients receiving tangential radiation exposure, and it deviated more from expected matched-population life tables. Conclusions Among patients undergoing cardiac surgery after thoracic radiation, radiation exposure is heterogeneous, and therefore these patients cannot be managed and assessed as a single uniform cohort. Extensively irradiated patients are more likely to develop radiation heart disease, which increases perioperative morbidity and decreases short- and long-term survival.
The association of congenital heart disease with Down's syndrome (mongolism).

Abstract Between 1957 and 1964 in California there were 7,625 known deaths due to congenital heart disease; in 367 of these cases the subjects had Down's syndrome. Autopsy records from 14 hospital centers allowed more specific anatomic diagnoses in 139 of the 367 cases. Five types of defects, with some overlap, accounted for 91.4 per cent of the cases: ventricular septal defect in 55 cases (32.4 per cent), atrioventricularis communis in 34 (24.5 per cent), atrial septal defect in 28 (20.1 per cent), patent ductus arteriosus in 16 (11.5 per cent) and tetralogy of Fallot in 15 (10.8 per cent). It was not possible to ascertain how many of the atrial septal defects were of the ostium primum variety, nor how many of the ventricular septal defects were of the atrioventricular canal type. The 139 cases are compared with 172 documented anatomic findings from four other studies. The major difference in this, the largest single study, is the larger number with ventricular septal defect as opposed to atrioventricularis communis. Many of the ventricular septal defects were associated with other defects, however.
Fc receptors and membrane immunoglobulin.

Abstract This year there have been three major highlights in this field: genetic sequencing of the principal Fc receptors has been completed; new proteins associated with both Fcγ receptors and B-cell membrane immunoglobulins have been identified; and there has been an initial analysis of structural-functional relationships in these receptors using genetic engineering.
VisFlowConnect: providing security situational awareness by visualizing network traffic flows

We present the design and implementation of VisFlowConnect, a powerful new tool for visualizing network traffic flow dynamics for situational awareness. The visualization capability provided by VisFlowConnect allows an operator to assess the state of a large and complex network given an overall view of the entire network and filter/drill-down features with a friendly user interface that allows users to request more detailed information of interest such as specific protocol traffic flows. The value of VisFlowConnect specifically for security situational awareness is that any security event, with only a few minor exceptions, is reflected as a traffic flow. Thus in using VisFlowConnect, a user can "see" all security events. We show several experiments in which abnormal behaviors with security implications have been discovered and analyzed using VisFlowConnect. These experiments demonstrate how VisFlowConnect can be a uniquely effective tool to assist security administrators in securing their computer networks.
Rational inferences about departures from hardy-weinberg equilibrium

Previous studies have explored the use of departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (DHW) for fine mapping Mendelian disorders and for general fine mapping. Other studies have used Hardy-Weinberg tests for genotyping quality control. To enable investigators to make rational decisions about whether DHW is due to genotyping error or to underlying biology, we developed an analytic framework and software to determine the parameter values for which DHW might be expected for common diseases. We show analytically that, for a general disease model, the difference between population and Hardy-Weinberg–expected genotypic frequencies (Δ) at the susceptibility locus is a function of the susceptibility-allele frequency (q), heterozygote relative risk (β), and homozygote relative risk (γ). For unaffected control samples, Δ is a function of risk in nonsusceptible homozygotes (α), the population prevalence of disease (KP), q, β, and γ. We used these analytic functions to calculate Δ and the number of cases or controls needed to detect DHW for a range of genetic models consistent with common diseases (1.1 ≤ γ ≤ 10 and 0.005 ≤KP ≤ 0.2). Results suggest that significant DHW can be expected in relatively small samples of patients over a range of genetic models. We also propose a goodness-of-fit test to aid investigators in determining whether a DHW observed in the context of a case-control study is consistent with a genetic disease model. We illustrate how the analytic framework and software can be used to help investigators interpret DHW in the context of association studies of common diseases.
Starting a library‐based university press

While university presses are relatively common, particularly in Association for Research Libraries institutions, the identity and organizational location of the university press as part of the library is relatively uncommon. Even exceptions, such as at New York University and Wayne State University, represent relatively traditional university presses, which appear to have been placed under the library for organizational convenience or historically accidental reasons rather than as part of a clearly articulated library mission. The University Libraries at the University of Cincinnati, on the other hand, came to believe that a university press was an appropriate extension of their library task, growing clearly and in a fundamental way out of their primary library mission. But such a press was not a traditional university press. The result is an unusual but successful project.
SEESAU: University of Georgia's Electronic Journal Verification System

Abstract In support of its increasing electronic journal collection, William T. Murray from the University of Georgia Libraries has developed an access verification tool called SEESAU (Serial Experimental Electronic Subscription Access Utilities). This Web interface has utilized UGA's integrated library system and link resolver to coordinate approximately 37,000 access checks since January 2007. A problem resolution system is included as part of SEESAU and functions similarly to a ticketing system. Through use of SEESAU, library staff have not only discovered access problems proactively, but they have also discovered Web site performance issues, title maintenance concerns and corrections that need to be made to their knowledgebase.
Criminological Research in Contemporary China Challenges and Lessons Learned From a Large-Scale Criminal Victimization Survey

This article discusses research experience gained from a large-scale survey of criminal victimization recently conducted in Tianjin, China. The authors review some of the more important challenges that arose in the research, their responses to these challenges, and lessons learned that might be beneficial to other scholars who are interested in conducting criminological research in China. Their experience underscores the importance of understanding the Chinese political, cultural, and academic context, and the utility of collaborating with experienced and knowledgeable colleagues "on site." Although there are some special difficulties and barriers, their project demonstrates the feasibility of original criminological data collection in China.
Windows modify the amplitude of frequency domain functions

The discrete Fourier transform and power spectral density are often used in analyzing data from analog-to-digital converters. These analyses normally apply a window to the data to alleviate the effects of leakage. It is shown how windows modify the magnitude of a discrete Fourier transform and the level of a power spectral density computed by Welch's method. For white noise, the magnitude of the discrete Fourier transform at a fixed frequency has a Rayleigh probability distribution. For sine waves with an integral number of cycles and quantization noise, the theoretical values of the amplitude of the discrete Fourier transform and power spectral density are calculated. It is demonstrated that the signal-to-noise ratio in a single discrete Fourier transform or power spectral density frequency bin is related to the normal time-domain definition of the signal-to-noise ratio. The answer depends on the discrete Fourier transform length, the window type and the function averaged. >
The social aesthetics of eligibility: NGO aid and indeterminacy in the Greek asylum process

On the porous EU border of Greece, where both fiscal and migration management are said to be in a state of crisis, NGOs figure crucially in the provision of legal and social aid to asylum applicants. I explore the dialogical engagements underpinning the determination of client eligibility at one such NGO in Athens. As workers and aid candidates coproduce “pictures” of lives eligible for protection, profound uncertainties and indeterminacies emerge. I argue that this indeterminacy gives testament to an often overlooked form of agency: how aid candidates and service providers alike reshape and even refuse dominant images of deservingness, victimhood, and vulnerability from within systems of aid distribution.
Robust design of dynamic compensator for HV AC power system

The authors present a method to design a robust dynamic compensator for reactive power modulation to improve the dynamic performance of high voltage AC power systems. The effect of nonlinear load on parameters of a dynamic compensator for reactive power modulation using a static VAr compensator (SVC) is investigated. The values of gain and zero of the dynamic compensator, which assign the same complex-conjugate eigenvalues corresponding to electromechanical oscillations, are plotted at different values of load characteristics. The robust dynamic compensator is designed using closed-loop eigenvalue sensitivity with respect to the load characteristics. The rotor speed deviation of the synchronous generator is used as an input signal to the dynamic compensator. The output of the dynamic compensator is used as a stabilizing signal to the SVC. Eigenvalue analysis and simulation results show that a dynamic compensator designed at a constant impedance load model may lead to system instability at a constant active power load. However a robust dynamic compensator improves the system response over a wide range of load characteristics. >
Ocular neuropathic pain

As the biological alarm of impending or actual tissue damage, pain is essential for our survival. However, when it is initiated and/or sustained by dysfunctional elements in the nociceptive system, it is itself a disease known as neuropathic pain. While the critical nociceptive system provides a number of protective functions, it is unique in its central role of monitoring, preserving and restoring the optical tear film in the face of evaporative attrition without which our vision would be non-functional. Meeting this existential need resulted in the evolution of the highly complex, powerful and sensitive dry eye alarm system integrated in the peripheral and central trigeminal sensory network. The clinical consequences of corneal damage to these nociceptive pathways are determined by the type and location of its pathological elements and can range from the spectrum known as dry eye disease to the centalised oculofacial neuropathic pain syndrome characterised by a striking disparity between the high intensity of symptoms and paucity of external signs. These changes parallel those observed in somatic neuropathic pain. When seen through the neuroscience lens, diseases responsible for inadequately explained chronic eye pain (including those described as dry eye) can take on new meanings that may clarify long-standing enigmas and point to new approaches for developing preventive, symptomatic and disease-modifying interventions for these currently refractory disorders.
IPCC-SCTP: an enhancement to the standard SCTP to support multi-homing efficiently

With the popularity of multi-homed hosts, which can be reached through multiple paths, a new challenge arises on how to efficiently and simultaneously use multiple paths between multi-homed communication hosts to explore potential benefits of multi-homing feature, such as to improve connection reliability, to increase throughput etc. Standard SCTP cannot support the multi-homing feature efficiently due to its per association congestion control structure. Per association congestion control structure makes it unfeasible to extend standard SCTP for load sharing, load balancing and other multi-homing applications. In this paper, we identified and analyzed limitations of the congestion control mechanism of standard SCTP in the context of using multiple paths simultaneously. We proposed an independent per path congestion control principle for standard SCTP to overcome these limitations. Algorithms are provided to realize independent per path congestion control in standard SCTP without modifying SCTP DATA chunk format and without introducing overhead to the network. SCTP with independent per path congestion control not only overcomes existing flaws of standard SCTP in supporting the multi-homing feature but also demonstrates its applicability to various multi-homing applications.