cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface textures and dynamics of the 2005 lava dome at Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka

Shiveluch is one of the largest and most active andesitic volcanoes of the Kuril-Kamchatka arc. It commonly alternates between Vulcanian explosive eruptions and periods of dome growth and subsequent dome collapse–driven block-and-ash flows. The volcano was in an extended period of heightened activity for most of the period 2004–2010. We examined this activity in detail using thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing as part of the urgent request protocol (URP) program of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument and confirmed the results with ground-based photography and airborne TIR camera data. High-spatial-resolution TIR images were collected during both daytime and nighttime satellite overpasses prior to and following the large explosive event/eruption of 27 February 2005 and the dome growth that followed. During a field campaign in August 2005, a helicopter overflight designed to acquire visible and TIR data of the active dome was performed. This was a nadir-looking, low-altitude overflight and the first ever of Shiveluch volcano involving non-Russian scientists. The image data revealed an active crease structure in the center of the dome with a distinctly different, crescent-shaped, high-temperature (>380 °C) zone roughly perpendicular to the crease. In order to provide a time context and estimate extrusion rates, the airborne data were compared to the spaceborne ASTER data and long-distance ground-based photography of the dome acquired by our Russian colleagues. The presence of a crease structure and the complex thermal pattern on the surface were both unexpected discoveries that reveal the way in which exogenous dome growth was occurring at the time. This highly active period at Shiveluch provides a unique example to better understand silicic lava dome growth using TIR data. The results also demonstrate a straightforward approach for fusing ground, air, and spaceborne image data, which could be applied to other active domes around the world.
Combined modality therapy of NCI-H460 human lung cancer using epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, OSI-774, and ionizing radiation in vitro and in vivo

quantitatively inhibits the EGFand radiation-induced activation of the EGFR and its downstream target MAPK, an important mediator of the cytoprotective, pro-proliferative radiation response. Using EGF and HRG, peptide growth factors that interact with either ERBB1 or ERBB3/ERBB4, respectively, we have extended our findings by determining the inhibitory effect of EGFR-CD533 on activation of the entire ERBB RTK network. We demonstrate that EGFR-CD533 not only inhibited the EGF-induced activation of ERBB1 and ERBB2 in MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells, but also completely blocked the HRGdirected stimulation of ERBB2 and ERBB4 in T47D cells. This inhibitory effect is not limited to the receptor level but also leads to MAPK inhibition and cellular radiosensitization. The broad spectrum of inhibitory interactions of the EGFR-CD533 with ERBB receptors is further supported by results from experiments in U-373 cells with EGFRvIII, which is irresponsive to EGF but elicits a 3to 5-times greater response to radiation after a single 2 Gy exposure. Expression of this mutant EGFR confers radioresistance, however, the concomitant expression of both EGFRvIII and EGFR-CD533 eliminates radiation-induced activation of both wild-type EGFR and EGFRvIII (which does not typically engage in dimerizations), completely disrupts the EGFR/MAPK cytoprotective signaling cascade, and thus leads to radiosensitization in vitro and in vivo.
HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN INFANTS: NEW CHALLENGES

The subject of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is hardly new and yet remains an every day challenge to clinicians, mainly neonatologists and child neurologists. However, technological advances in neuroimaging do help in the diagnosis, but prevention of hypoxic-ischemic insults, ability to change the course of the disease, and treatment of the devastating consequences of HIE are lagging behind. With these issues in mind, we reviewed the literature on this subject and our own clinical experience in search of new developments in this area. The pathology and clinicopathologic correlates of HIE are emphasized as well.
A closed-form solution to a quadratic optimization problem in complex variables

A special quadratic optimization problem in complex variables is investigated for a closed-form solution. Two different approaches are used. The first is a direct approach which leads to a family of solutions defined in terms of arbitrary complex constants. The second is an indirect approach based on parametrizing the objective function. It leads to a specific solution, which is a member of the above family and which is shown to be bounded.
Thin-film resistance sensor for measuring liquid mass fraction in super-heated refrigerant

A microfabricated thin-film resistance (TFR) sensor is presented for measuring the liquid mass fraction (LMF) of refrigerant in the evaporator exits of refrigerators, heat pumps, and air-conditioning systems. The objective for the TFR microsensor is to provide feedback for microvalves that control the amount of refrigerant passing through evaporators. Active control is needed to increase the liquid fill-factor in evaporators, while simultaneously reducing the amount of superheated vapor leaving the evaporator, thus saving on energy usage, weight, and capital costs for the refrigeration system. The design, fabrication, and two calibration methods of the TFR sensor are presented, along with the theory and method of operation. Experimental results showing the effect of LMF on the sensor temperature are given, as are results from a thermal model of the saturation regime. The results are compared with other detection methods, and the TFR sensor is shown to provide sensitive measurements of LMF below 1.5% in superheated vapor operating in a non-equilibrium, non-saturated operating regime. The dc and ac components of the TFR sensor signal provide the necessary control variables to maintain a small value of LMF at low superheat temperatures.
Gay Identification and Psychological Health in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Gay Men1

This paper reports a study of HIV-positive and HIV-negative gay men focusing on comparisons between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative on gay identification, the interrelationships among gay identification variables, and the psychological correlates of gay identification. We hypothesized that better psychological health would be related to gay self-acceptance, participating in gay organizations and groups, socializing with other gay men, and parental disclosure and acceptance of being gay. The sample was composed of 169 gay men, including 98 asymptomatic HIV-positive and 71 HIV-negative men. The findings are largely consistent with our hypotheses. A strong and consistent relationship of the gay identification measures with psychological variables was observed, explaining up to one fifth of the variance in current level of mood and self-esteem. Among the HIV-positive subjects, participating in gay organizations and groups and having parents who accepted their sexual orientation were important correlates of psychological adaptation. Despite this, 36% of subjects had parents who disapproved of their sexual orientation, and 69% of HIV-positive subjects were not in any gay organizations or groups. Among the HIV-negative subjects, gay self-acceptance and disclosing their sexual orientation to parents were associated with better psychological adjustment. These results suggest that the psychological health and outlook of gay men may be influenced by gay self-acceptance, participation in gay groups, and parental disclosure and acceptance of their children's sexual orientation.
Use of the Normal Generated Distribution for Estimating Population Survival

Abstract Counting the individuals in a population before and after an annual period of environmental stress allows the proportion s of the initial population surviving the period to be computed. A series of such observations over n annual periods gives a sequence s 1 , s 2 , …, s n . A statistical model is formulated from axioms describing the survival process, and it is concluded that these observed values may usefully be regarded as realizations of a random variable that arises from the normal generated distribution (n.g.d.). Equations for estimating the n.g.d. parameters ζ and τ 2 from observed survival proportions by the method of moments and maximum likelihood are given. The distributions of parameter estimates ζ and τ 2 are obtained and discussed in the context of testing hypotheses comparing survival among different populations. Finally, the dependence of the n.g.d. upon parameters ζ and τ 2 is examined in terms of altering survival, either by population self-regulation mechanisms or man-induced controls. The intent is to provide insight into the relationship between the n.g.d. and its supporting axioms and, more generally, basic knowledge of population processes.
Microvasculature of preovulatory follicles: Comparison of in situ and in vitro perfused rabbit ovaries following stimulation of ovulation

Perifollicular vasculature undergoes significant morphologic changes as ovulation approaches. These vascular changes were observed in in vitro perfused and in situ rabbit ovaries by means of scanning electron microscopy of microcorrosion casts. Casts were made in in situ unstimulated ovaries, in situ ovaries stimulated with human chorionic gonadotropin, in vitro perfused unstimulated ovaries, and in vitro perfused ovaries after an ovulation-inducing dose of human chorionic gonadotropin, prostaglandin F 2α , histamine, or norepinephrine. Dilated vessels, extravasation of resin from weakened vessels, and filling defects at the apex of the follicle were observed in in situ ovaries 9 to 12 hours after stimulation and in in vitro perfused ovaries 4 to 6 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin. In vitro perfused ovaries stimulated with prostaglandin F 2α or histamine demonstrated dilated capillaries with extravasation of the resin and filling defects at the apex of large follicles. Norepinephrine-stimulated ovaries showed incomplete filling of vessels, although some large follicles showed extravasation of resin. The occurrence of dilated vessels, extravasation of resin, and filling defects is indicative of preovulatory vascular changes in both in situ and in vitro perfused ovaries, regardless of the ovulatory stimulus.
Methamphetamine- and 1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice.

Previous studies have suggested a role for the retrograde messenger, nitric oxide (NO), in methamphetamine (METH)- and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)- induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Since evidence supported the involvement of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) isoform in the dopaminergic neurotoxicity, the present study was undertaken to investigate whether the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) isoform is also associated with METH- and MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. The administration of METH (5mg/kg × 3) to iNOS deficient mice [homozygote iNOS(-/-)] and wild type mice (C57BL/6) resulted in significantly smaller depletion of striatal dopaminergic markers in the iNOS(-/-) mice compared with the wild-type mice. METH-induced hyperthermia was also significantly lower in the iNOS(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice. In contrast to the outcome of METH administration, MPTP injections (20 mg/kg × 3) resulted in a similar decrease in striatal dopaminergic markers in iNOS(-/-) and wild-type mice. In the set of behavioral experiments, METH-induced locomotor sensitization was investigated. The acute administration of METH (1.0 mg/kg) resulted in the same intensity of locomotor activity in iNOS(-/-) and wild-type mice. Moreover, 68 to 72 h after the exposure to the high-dose METH regimen (5 mg/kg × 3), a marked sensitized response to a challenge injection of METH (1.0 mg/kg) was observed in both the iNOS(-/-) and wild-type mice. The finding that iNOS(-/-) mice were unprotected from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity suggests that the partial protection against METH-induced neurotoxicity observed was primarily associated with the diminished hyperthermic effect of METH seen in the iNOS(-/-) mice. Moreover, in contrast to nNOS deficiency, iNOS deficiency did not affect METH-induced behavioral sensitization. Synapse 34:305–312, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reduction mammaplasty and other skin excisions as sources of homograft skin.

Abstract Homograft skin is often unavailable when most needed. We wish to call attention to a skin source which can supply fresh, viable grafts from healthy donors: the reduction mammaplasty and other skin excisions.
A framework and model for evaluating clinical decision support architectures

In this paper, we develop a four-phase model for evaluating architectures for clinical decision support that focuses on: defining a set of desirable features for a decision support architecture; building a proof-of-concept prototype; demonstrating that the architecture is useful by showing that it can be integrated with existing decision support systems and comparing its coverage to that of other architectures. We apply this framework to several well-known decision support architectures, including Arden Syntax, GLIF, SEBASTIAN, and SAGE.
Reviews of Science for Science Librarians: Second-generation Biofuels Feedstock: Crop Wastes, Energy Grasses, and Forest Byproducts

With the goal of determining which plant materials—other than the edible portions of crops like corn, small grains, sugar cane, and vegetable oils—were being researched as alternative energy feedstocks, a search was performed on the topic of Biofuels within the Web of Science. An examination of article titles and keywords in the 50 most cited and 250 most recent biofuels articles disclosed 263 pertinent mentions of plants. Underutilized portions of crops already being grown for food or biofuels led, followed by inedible “energy” grasses. Residues from wood processing, inedible plant oils, and aquatic plants were less referenced.
Isospin in Nuclei: Isospin has been reborn as an important and useful quantum number for all nuclei.

The major feature of isospin in nuclei that I have discussed here is its application to all nuclei. The rebirth of this quantum number in nuclear physics occurred in the early 1960's and was initiated almost entirely by the important work of Anderson et al. (4) and Fox et al. (5). There is still great interest in the use of isospin in its fullest sense as predicted by Wigner (3), and indeed isospin concepts have been largely responsible for demonstrating that nuclei in the doubly "magic number" region of (208)Pb are remarkably in agreement with shell model theory. The early experiments have also initiated a whole new set of more sophisticated experiments (some of which I have briefly alluded to above) which promise to keep many physicists busy for a long time to come. A particularly interesting series of experiments are those being performed (15) at Duke University with high-resolution proton beams. This work shows the highly detailed nature of analogue resonances, that is, as coherent superpositions of many complicated compound states yielding a beautifully modulated wave train, the modulation being observed only in conventional experiments with poor-resolution proton beams. Similarly, nuclear theorists have been led to vastly improve their interpretation of, and computational techniques for, both nuclear reactions and nuclear structure in order to meet the more stringent tests provided by such experiments. Perhaps a lesson can be learned from the historical development of the isospin concept. In the past the belief that T . T would not significantly commute with the dynamical Hamiltonian so that isospin would not be conserved sufficiently well enough certainly delayed the nuclear travels of isospin into the realm of heavy nuclei. Hopefully the same mistake will not occur in the future for other approximate symmetries of nature.
Vortex creep and the internal temperature of neutron stars. I - General theory

The theory of a neutron star superfluid coupled to normal matter via thermal creep against pinning forces is developed in some detail. General equations of motion for a pinned rotating superfluid and their form for vortex creep are given. Steady state creep and the way in which the system approaches the steady state are discussed. The developed formalism is applied to the postglitch relaxation of a pulsar, and detailed models are developed which permit explicit calculation of the postglitch response. The energy dissipation associated with creep and glitches is considered.
Ultrasonic wave propagation in a random particulate composite

Abstract Ultrasonic wave propagation in a composite consisting of spherical glass inclusions distributed in a random homogeneous manner in an epoxy matrix has been studied in the frequency range of 0.3–5 MHz. The longitudinal and shear phase velocities, and the attenuation of longitudinal waves in the composite were determined as functions of frequency and the volume fraction of the inclusions. The results are compared with several theoretical analyses available in the literature. It is shown that the results of Datta are in very good agreement with the experimental observations. Further, the data satisfy the bounds due to Hashin and Shtrikman, and due to Miller. The phenomenon of cut-off frequencies—a characteristic of periodic composites—is not observed in the random particulate composities.
Cloning and characterization of a new member of the T-box gene family.

The T-box is a strongly conserved protein domain, 174 to 186 amino acids in length, that binds DNA. Many genes from many species have been shown to encode T-box domain-containing proteins. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a novel T-box gene, TBX21. The human cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding a 535-amino-acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 58.3 kDa. Except for the T-box sequence, database searches revealed no significant homology to any known sequences at the nucleotide or protein level. In addition to the human cDNA sequence, we report the cDNA sequence of the murine homologue, the structure and organization of the murine Tbx21 gene, and its localization to mouse chromosome 11. TBX21 expression was detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes, spleen, lung, and natural killer cells.
Ab initio diffusion Monte Carlo calculations of the quantum behavior of CH5+ in full dimensionality

We report an ab initio calculation of the potential surface, quantum structures, and zero-point energies of CH5+ and CH2D3+ in full dimensionality. This potential energy surface is a very precise f...
Mixed-valence-driven heavy-fermion behavior and superconductivity in KNi 2 Se 2

Based on specific heat and magnetoresistance measurements, we report that a ``heavy'' electronic state exists below $T$ \ensuremath{\approx} 20 K in KNi${}_{2}$Se${}_{2}$, with an increased carrier mobility and enhanced effective electronic band mass, ${m}^{*}$ = 6${m}_{\mathrm{b}}$ to 18${m}_{\mathrm{b}}$. This heavy state evolves into superconductivity at ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ = 0.80(1) K. These properties resemble that of a many-body heavy-fermion state, which derives from the hybridization between localized magnetic states and conduction electrons. Yet, no evidence for localized magnetism or magnetic order is found in KNi${}_{2}$Se${}_{2}$ from magnetization measurements or neutron diffraction. Instead, neutron pair-distribution-function analysis reveals the presence of local charge-density-wave distortions that disappear on cooling, an effect opposite to what is typically observed, suggesting that the low-temperature electronic state of KNi${}_{2}$Se${}_{2}$ arises from cooperative Coulomb interactions and proximity to, but avoidance of, charge order.
Arginine Vasopressin Secretion in Thyroidectomized Sheep

Indwelling, exteriorized, jugular vein catheters were placed in five thyroidectomized ewes at a time when myxedema was manifested clinically and chemically and three euthyroid sheep were used as controls. Post-operatively, tracer doses of [125I]- iodovasopressin were injected and serial blood specimens were obtained for determination of volume of distribution, plasma disappearance, and blood production rates. Serum vasopressin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The mean volumes of distribution for vasopressin in the hypothyroid and euthyroid sheep, respectively, were 8.15 and 5.90 liters, mean t½ of vasopressin 9.5 and 19.3 min, mean serum vasopressin concentrations 5.1 and 1.2 μU/ml, and mean blood production rates 2.84 and 0.23 mU/kg/h. Renal end organ biologic effectiveness of the elevated vasopressin levels was suggested by the lowered serum osmolalities in the hypothyroid sheep over controls (272 vs. 301 mosmol/kg). These results suggest an augmented secretion of vasopressin in the myxedematous state....
Getting Down to Business in Molière's Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme

Moliere's comedy, Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, is remarkable for a court entertainment, one performed for the first time in the aristocratic isolation of Louis XIV's chateau at Chambord, in that it refuses to elide or supress questions of work and its monetary rewards even though anxious attempts for social and political reasons are made to conceal these abiding presences, which include, of course, the effort involved in the arts, and its remuneration. From beginning to end in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, Moliere unveils for us the artistic, social, financial and political conventions that art and society would seemingly prefer to conceal. The title of the comedy, normally understood as a monstrous collocation of a comically impossible social reality in fact nicely expresses these tensions of a reality of work and effort continuously suppressed by an official politics of courtly and aristocratic culture and of course by those who subscribe to that politics. The final balletic spectacle is ambiguously both the f...
An informative confidence metric for ATR.

Automatic or assisted target recognition (ATR) is an important application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Most ATR researchers have focused on the core problem of declaration-that is, detection and identification of targets of interest within a SAR image. For ATR declarations to be of maximum value to an image analyst, however, it is essential that each declaration be accompanied by a reliability estimate or confidence metric. Unfortunately, the need for a clear and informative confidence metric for ATR has generally been overlooked or ignored. We propose a framework and methodology for evaluating the confidence in an ATR system's declarations and competing target hypotheses. Our proposed confidence metric is intuitive, informative, and applicable to a broad class of ATRs. We demonstrate that seemingly similar ATRs may differ fundamentally in the ability-or inability-to identify targets with high confidence.
Electrical resistance and specific heat of a metallic metamagnet in the presence of a magnetic field

Abstract Qualitatively it appears that the temperature derivative of the electrical resistivity remains proportional to the specific heat for a metallic metamagnet CeAl in a finite magnetic field. In particular, at an applied field of 9 koe, both quantities show two maxima within a temperature interval of 1°K.
Simulation of the North Atlantic Oscillation in a general circulation model

The year to year variations of winter climate of the North Atlantic region including Northern Europe, Northwest Africa, and North America are largely controlled by the phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The authors have found that a coupled ocean-atmosphere General Circulation model simulates not only the NAO, but its observed influences on precipitation in northwest Africa, thereby showing that explanations of regional scale climatic variations may be found through diagnoses of such model simulations.
ASsessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotype: citrus aurantium, echinacea, milk thistle, saw palmetto

Objectives Phytochemical-mediated modulation of cytochrome P-450 activity may underlie many herb-drug interactions. Single time-point, phenotypic metabolic ratios were used to determine if supplementation with citrus aurantium, echinacea, milk thistle, or saw palmetto affected CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, or CYP3A4 activity. Methods Twelve healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive each supplement for 28 days. A 30-day washout period was interposed between each supplementation phase. Probe drug cocktails of midazolam, caffeine, chlorzoxazone, and debrisoquine were administered before and at the end of each supplementation period. Pre- and post-supplementation phenotypic trait measurements were determined for CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP2D6 using 1-hydroxymidazolam/midazolam serum ratios (1-hour), paraxanthine/caffeine serum ratios (6-hour), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone/chlorzoxazone serum ratios (2-hour), and debrisoquine urinary recovery ratios (8-hour collection), respectively. Phytochemical content was determined for each supplement. Results Comparisons of pre- and post-supplementation phenotypic ratios indicated that these particular supplements had no significant effect on CYP activity. Citrus aurantium was devoid of the CYP3A4 inhibitor, 6,7-dihydroxybergamottin. Conclusions Botanical supplements containing citrus aurantium, echinacea, milk thistle, or saw palmetto appear to pose a minimal risk for CYP-mediated herb-drug interactions in humans. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P35–P35; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.134
Utility bounds for nonconstant QΔT for heat‐integrated distillation sequence synthesis

In earlier work the authors presented a simple method to synthesize heat-integrated distillation sequences through the use of simple sketches on a diagram displaying temperature vs. enthalpy. Embedded in that work is the useful but incorrect assumption that the reboiler/condenser heat loads and the temperature difference across the column are independent of the temperature (pressure) level at which the column is operated. This assumption of constancy is removed here, and it is shown how to calculate the minimum utility target using a small linear programming formulation. It is also shown how to use the results of this calculation to synthesize distillation sequences that approach the bound discovered. For the example problems solved, the minimum utility target calculated increases about 25 to 60% over that calculated assuming constant Q..delta..T. The sequences synthesized based on this improved target are virtually the same as the constant Q..delta..T method produces, suggesting that the earlier method is indeed a useful approach.
Sharing Water Resources Data in the Binational Rio Grande/Bravo Basin

The development of relational databases from which simulation models can access data needed to describe the systems being modeled is fundamental to integrated river basin management, especially in shared, transboundary basins. Creating a geographically referenced database, a geodatabase, for the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin represents the first major attempt to establish a more complete understanding of the basin as a whole, using both Mexican and United States geospatial and temporal water resources data. From the geodatabase, it is possible to obtain information about climatology, water availability, water uses, hydraulic infrastructure, and watershed properties in the basin. These data can be used in simulation models to calculate the state of basin water availability under different climatic and development scenarios and management plans in the future. This geodatabase is intended to be a tool to assist in sharing data to enhance binational cooperation between Mexico and the United States concerning water in this basin, providing accurate and reliable data necessary for analysis and resolution of water resources issues.
Measurement of scratch-induced residual stress within SiC grains in ZrB2–SiC composite using micro-Raman spectroscopy

An analytical framework for determination of scratch-induced residual stress within SiC grains of ZrB2–SiC composite is developed. Using a ‘‘secular equation” that relates strain to Raman-peak shift for zinc-blende structures and the concept of sliding blister field model for scratch-induced residual stress, explicit expressions are derived for residual stress calculation in terms of phonon deformation potentials and Raman peak shift. It is determined that, in the as-processed composite, thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between ZrB2 and SiC induces compressive residual stress of 1.731 GPa within the SiC grains and a tensile tangential stress of 1.126 GPa at the ZrB2– SiC interfaces. With increasing scratch loads, the residual stress within the SiC grains becomes tensile and increases in magnitude with scratch load. At a scratch load of 250 mN, the calculated residual stress in SiC was 2.6 GPa. Despite this high value, no fracture was observed in SiC grains, which has been rationalized based on fracture strength calculations from Griffith theory.
Subcellular Clustering of the Phosphorylated WspR Response Regulator Protein Stimulates Its Diguanylate Cyclase Activity

ABSTRACT WspR is a hybrid response regulator-diguanylate cyclase that is phosphorylated by the Wsp signal transduction complex in response to growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on surfaces. Active WspR produces cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), which in turn stimulates biofilm formation. In previous work, we found that when activated by phosphorylation, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged WspR forms clusters that are visible in individual cells by fluorescence microscopy. Unphosphorylated WspR is diffuse in cells and not visible. Thus, cluster formation is an assay for WspR signal transduction. To understand how and why WspR forms subcellular clusters, we analyzed cluster formation and the enzymatic activities of six single amino acid variants of WspR. In general, increased cluster formation correlated with increased in vivo and in vitro diguanylate cyclase activities of the variants. In addition, WspR specific activity was strongly concentration dependent in vitro , and the effect of the protein concentration on diguanylate cyclase activity was magnified when WspR was treated with the phosphor analog beryllium fluoride. Cluster formation appears to be an intrinsic property of phosphorylated WspR (WspR-P). These results support a model in which the formation of WspR-P subcellular clusters in vivo in response to a surface stimulus is important for potentiating the diguanylate cyclase activity of WspR. Subcellular cluster formation appears to be an additional means by which the activity of a response regulator protein can be regulated. IMPORTANCE Bacterial sensor proteins often phosphorylate cognate response regulator proteins when stimulated by an environmental signal. Phosphorylated response regulators then mediate an appropriate adaptive cellular response. About 6% of response regulator proteins have an enzymatic domain that is involved in producing or degrading cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a molecule that stimulates bacterial biofilm formation. In this work, we examined the in vivo and in vitro behavior of the response regulator-diguanylate cyclase WspR. When phosphorylated in response to a signal associated with surface growth, WspR has a tendency to form oligomers that are visible in cells as subcellular clusters. Our results show that the formation of phosphorylated WspR (WspR-P) subcellular clusters is important for potentiating the diguanylate cyclase activity of WspR-P, making it more active in c-di-GMP production. We conclude that oligomer formation visualized as subcellular clusters is an additional mechanism by which the activities of response regulator-diguanylate cyclases can be regulated.
Intercostal muscle flap reconstruction and primary sternal closure for mediastinal abscess.

Poststernotomy mediastinal abscess is a life-threatening complication after cardiac operations. A 21-year-old woman had a late presentation of mediastinal abscess 9 years after ascending aortic graft replacement. Three days after the initial debridement and vacuum-assisted closure treatment, successful reconstruction was performed using an intercostal muscle flap and primary sternal closure, without recurrent infection.
Reconciling "Incompatible" Positions

A recent paper (Eiseman, 1977) gave the author's overview of an approach to the problem of helping parties trapped in deteriorating patterns of interaction change to self-enhancing patterns. One st...
Heightened stress responsiveness and emotional reactivity during pubertal maturation: Implications for psychopathology

The onset of adolescence, and more specifically the advent of pubertal maturation, represents a key developmental window for understanding the emergence of psychopathology in youth. The papers in this special section examine normative differences in the neurobiology of stress and emotional functioning over the peripubertal period. The work in this special section helps to fill in gaps in our understanding of key mechanisms that may contribute to increased vulnerabilities in behavioral and psychiatric morbidity during this developmental period.
Chromatic-durable graphs †

One of the most studied parameters in all of graph theory is the chromatic number. Undoubtedly, its popularity as a subject for research is due to its intimate relationship with the famous Four Colour Problem.
The acrosomal protein SP-10 (Acrv1) is an ideal marker for staging of the cycle of seminiferous epithelium in the mouse.

The study of spermatogenesis in the mouse requires accurate identification of the cycle stage of seminiferous epithelium. A stage refers to the unique association of germ-cell types at a particular phase of development, as seen in a testicular cross section. The process of staging, however, is a daunting task. There are 12 stages represented in the mouse seminiferous tubule. Stages are typically identified on the basis of the morphology of the developing acrosome of spermatids. Although the characteristic features of the acrosome are well-documented in ultrastructure images, a reagent that can highlight the subtle differences in acrosome shape under the light microscope is lacking. Here we demonstrate that a polyclonal antibody raised against the mouse acrosomal protein SP-10 is extremely useful for stage identification. Immunohistochemistry showed that the anti-SP-10 antibody is highly specific for the acrosome of spermatids, as no other cell type in the epithelium showed immunoreactivity. At lower magnification, the gross shape of the acrosome and the increasing intensity of immunostaining served as a guide for the identification of stages 1–12. At higher magnification, characteristic morphological features –such as whether the part of the acrosome that contacts the nuclear surface is round (stage 3) or flat (stage 4) or curved (stage 6)– could be identified unambiguously. Overall, we present evidence that SP-10 is a useful marker for staging the cycle of a seminiferous epithelium. The anti-SP-10 antibody works well in different fixatives, on paraffin-embedded as well as cryosections; it has also been shown to be useful for characterizing spermatogenic defects in mutant mice.
BEYOND WALLS AND CAGES: Prisons, Borders, and Global Crisis. Edited by Jenna Loyd, Matt Mitchelson, and Andrew Burridge

(2013). BEYOND WALLS AND CAGES: Prisons, Borders, and Global Crisis. Geographical Review: Vol. 103, No. 2, pp. 306-308.
Prevention and Health Promotion: Decades of Progress, New Challenges, and an Emerging Agenda.

Daily habits (e.g., smoking, diet, and exercise) and their immediate consequences (e.g., obesity) confer risk for most of the major health problems in industrialized nations. Hence, determinants of these behaviors and their modifications have been central topics in health psychology. Considerable scientific and applied progress has been made, but the field faces important challenges and opportunities in the future. These challenges and opportunities include changes in demographics and patterns of health, the need for a more comprehensive model of the domain of health behavior and prevention, the need to integrate behavioral and psychosocial risk and resilience, the incorporation of new technologies, and addressing a variety of professional and economic barriers to the implementation of prevention in health care.
Calcium Homeostasis in Thyroidectomized Sheep

The hypercalcemic response to a calcium load was compared in 11 intact and 11 thyroidectomized conscious mature ewes. The response over a 120-min period was greater in the thyroidectomized ewes. Thyroidectomized ewes showed higher serum levels of phosphorus and magnesium than intact ewes, but these did not change in response to the calcium load in either group. (Endocrinology 83: 183, 1968)
Difficulties with estimating city-wide urban forest cover change from national, remotely-sensed tree canopy maps

Two datasets of percent urban tree canopy cover were compared. The first dataset was based on a 1991 AVHRR forest density map. The second was the US Geological Survey’s National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 sub-pixel tree canopy. A comparison of these two tree canopy layers was conducted in 36 census designated places of western New York State. Reference data generated by photo-interpreting the tree cover on 1994 and 2002 orthoimages were compared on a city-wide basis to estimates of the tree cover derived from the AVHRR and NLCD tree canopy maps. Comparison of the AVHRR-based estimate with the 1994 photo-interpreted reference showed low accuracy and high variability. The comparison between the NLCD-derived estimate and 2002 photo-interpreted values had higher accuracy but shows a consistent under prediction bias for all tree cover values. In comparing the two photo-interpreted reference sets, little actual change was detected for this study region. Assessing change using differences between the imagery-based AVHRR and NLCD urban tree cover datasets is shown to lead to erroneous results.
Knowledge Sourcing and Knowledge Consumption in Computer-Mediated Complex Decision Making

Individuals are turning increasingly toward web-based information sources as input for complex decisions. Gathering and evaluating decision criteria in an online context is enticing because of information availability and increased control over the process, but how do these factors impact performance? This study shows how an interaction effect between Social Comparison and Social Facilitation predicts and explains how decision making performance is influenced differently by an information consumption-only approach versus a consume-and-contribute approach. Results from an empirical evaluation indicate that publishing decision criteria and reasoning (e.g. in a forum, blog, or knowledge base) plays an important role in improving complex decision making performance.
An Investigation of Missing Data Methods for Classification Trees

There are many difierent missing data methods used by classiflcation tree algorithms, but few studies have been done comparing their appropriateness and performance. This paper provides both analytic and Monte Carlo evidence regarding the efiectiveness of six popular missing data methods for classiflcation trees. We show that in the context of classiflcation trees, the relationship between the missingness and the dependent variable, rather than the standard missingness classiflcation approach of Little and Rubin (2002) (missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR) and not missing at random (NMAR)), is the most helpful criterion to distinguish difierent missing data methods. We make recommendations as to the best method to use in various situations. The paper concludes with discussion of a real data set related to predicting bankruptcy of a flrm.
An Alternative Lens for Understanding Technology Acceptance: An Equity Comparison Perspective

Many studies of technology acceptance have noted that new technology can have far-reaching effects, dramatically changing the environment (e.g., work, home, school) in which we use the technology. The current research considers an equity comparison perspective on technology acceptance and usage in the context of online discussion tools based on the equity implementation model (EIM). The EIM applies equity theory to assess user net outcomes related to adopting new technology in comparison to the net outcomes of other technology stakeholders. Facilitating conditions with the new technology are investigated as a moderating factor on intentions and usage. Equity theory and social comparisons provide an alternative lens for understanding technology acceptance that may capture broader issues related to the changes resulting from new technology. This research describes what we believe to be a first effort to operationalize social comparisons of equity in the context of technology acceptance. A survey instrument ...
BMP signaling in the epiblast is required for proper recruitment of the prospective paraxial mesoderm and development of the somites

Bmpr1a encodes the BMP type IA receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), including 2 and 4. Here, we use mosaic inactivation of Bmpr1a in the epiblast of the mouse embryo (Bmpr-MORE embryos) to assess functions of this gene in mesoderm development. Unlike Bmpr1a-null embryos, which fail to gastrulate, Bmpr-MORE embryos initiate gastrulation, but the recruitment of prospective paraxial mesoderm cells to the primitive streak is delayed. This delay causes a more proximal distribution of cells with paraxial mesoderm character within the primitive streak, resulting in a lateral expansion of somitic mesoderm to form multiple columns. Inhibition of FGF signaling restores the normal timing of recruitment of prospective paraxial mesoderm and partially rescues the development of somites. This suggests that BMP and FGF signaling function antagonistically during paraxial mesoderm development.
Developing modulator and demodulator for the EU eCall in-vehicle system in FPGAs

This paper presents the hardware design procedures of the modulator and demodulator for the in-vehicle system (IVS) of the 3GPP eCall system. The modules are designed, synthesized and simulated in Xilinx ISE tool as a step of developing all modules of the IVS on a single chip. The designed modules are implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and the design is optimized to reduce the processing time for the IVS modem on a single chip. The simulated and generated waveforms and results are shown and analyzed for a complete set of input signals to the modules. Multiple clock frequencies are used to test and verify the modules. The verified range of clock frequencies does not only give flexibility of the inter interface between the modules of the IVS modem but also optimizes the processing time of the modules.
Expectancies for and use of e-cigarettes and hookah among young adult non-daily smokers.

Abstract Introduction Understanding predictors of e-cigarette and hookah use among young adults is important in light of their increasing prevalence, particularly in younger populations. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that young adult non-daily cigarette smokers' use of e-cigarettes and hookah would be positively associated with their expectancies about these products. Methods Young adults ( n = 377, 58.0% male) aged 18–24 years (M = 20.5, SD = 1.8) who had been non-daily smokers for at least six months but had never been daily smokers completed a baseline assessment online or via mobile phone as part of a larger, longitudinal study. Results Approximately one in three participants reported any e-cigarette (34.0%) and/or hookah (33.4%) use in the past 14 days; 37% of those who used either product reported using both. More positive e-cigarette expectancies were associated with higher odds of any e-cigarette use and with heavier use in the past two weeks. Similarly, more positive expectancies for hookah use predicted greater odds of any use as well as more frequent use of hookah (all p s Conclusions Findings suggest that expectancies play a role in determining whether young adult cigarette smokers also use these nicotine products. These data also suggest use of e-cigarettes and/or hookah may be as common as not among young adult nondaily smokers.
Suggestion on the Farmers' Professional Cooperative

The enforcement of the Act of the Farmers'Professional Cooperative in China is an important event for legal system construction in China and demonstrates historic significance in agricultural legal and its great importance to farmers' political and economical life and agricultrue and rural area working.Suggestion,based on present situation for the growth of the farmers'professional cooperative in Shanxi has been put forward as the following:(1)Strengthening leading authority;(2)Strengthening of the policy guide;(3)Making and implement of preferential policy to give aid to the cooperative;(4)strengthening the outside supervise to the cooperative;(5)Powerful publicizing and acting in the spirit of the act.
Ddiscuss the Process of Clutch Control System Adjust of Minicar

This article aims at the operator cannot judge the clutch pedal position when adjusting the clutch control system,that results in the rate of eligible product low,larger maintain product off-line,high costs of production,etc.This article offers a method tha had been applied to the product line.The design of the simple fixtures,referred to this article,is baseing on the structure of clutch pedal,and they had applied to the product line.Avoid the problem of the clutch pedal travel adjusting.
Amine Gradient Stationary Phases on In-House Built Monolithic Columns for Liquid Chromatography.

Stationary phase gradients on monolithic silica columns have been successfully and reproducibly prepared and characterized with comparisons made to uniformly modified stationary phases. Stationary phase gradients hold great potential for use in liquid chromatography (LC), both in terms of simplifying analysis as well as providing novel selectivity. In this work, we demonstrate the creation of a continuous stationary phase gradient on in-house synthesized monolithic columns by infusing an aminoalkoxysilane solution through the silica monoliths via controlled rate infusion. The presence of amine and its distribution along the length of gradient and uniformly modified columns were assessed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS showed a clear gradient in surface coverage along the length of the column for the gradient stationary phases while a near uniform distribution on the uniformly modified stationary phases. To demonstrate the application of these gradient stationary phases, the separations of ...