cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increasing innovation in home energy efficiency: Monte Carlo simulation of potential improvements

Despite the enormous potential for savings, there is little penetration of market-based solutions in the residential energy efficiency market. We hypothesize that there is a failure in the residential efficiency improvement market: due to lack of customer knowledge and capital to invest in improvements, there is unrecovered savings. In this paper, we model a means of extracting profit from those unrecovered energy savings with a market-based residential energy services company, or RESCO. We use a Monte Carlo simulation of the cost and performance of various improvements along with a hypothetical business model to derive general information about the financial viability of these companies. Despite the large amount of energy savings potential, we find that an average contract length with residential customers needs to be nearly 35 years to recoup the cost of the improvements. However, our modeling of an installer knowledge parameter indicates that experience plays a large part in minimizing the time to profitability for each home. Large numbers of inexperienced workers driven by government investment in this area could result in the installation of improvements with long payback periods, whereas a free market might eliminate companies making poor decisions.
The Peptide-Binding Domain of the Chaperone Protein Hsc70 Has an Unusual Secondary Structure Topology

Modern NMR methods were used to determine the secondary structure topology of the 18 kDa peptide binding domain of the chaperone protein Hsc70 in solution. This report constitutes the first experimental conformational information on this important domain of the class of Hsp70 proteins. The domain consists of two four-stranded antiparallel beta-sheets and a single alpha-helix. The topology does not resemble at all the topology observed in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins of the major histocompatibility complex. This is significant because such resemblance was predicted on the basis of limited amino acid homology, secondary structure prediction, and related function. Moreover, the exact meander-type beta-sheet topology identified in Hsc70 has to our best knowledge not been observed in any other known protein structure.
Relational Quandaries in the Treatment of Forensic Clients

This article examines the sources of relational difficulties inherent in clinical work with forensic clients. Left alone, common countertransference feelings, responses, and defense mechanisms can disrupt and ultimately derail treatment. Concepts relating to the management of countertransference offer a path with which to integrate therapists’ affective reactions as a mechanism of therapy. A relational framework utilizing the affective dynamics between client and therapist to develop and promote treatment goals is introduced and the process of formulating it is described. Practice examples are offered.
Family characteristics of adolescents who display overt and covert behavior problems

The purpose of the present study was to examine and compare the families of young adolescents who demonstrated overt behavior problems, overt and covert behavior problems (i.e. versatile adolescents), and neither type of problem. From 176 nonclinic adolescents, a sample of 23 was selected based upon a teacher-completed measure. Interparental conflict, parental marital status, and mother-adolescent conflict were examined. The results indicated that families with a versatile adolescent were characterized by divorce as well as more interparental and mother-adolescent conflict than the other two groups. Assessment of and intervention for school-identified adolescents may need to include a focus on interparental conflict and parent-adolescent conflict.
Ridership and cost on the Long Beach-Los Angeles Blue Line Train

Abstract The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 places a new policy emphasis on rail transit. Los Angeles county is in the process of building a 300-mile, $78.2 billion rail transit system. The first component of the system, the Long Beach-Los Angeles Blue Line light rail trail, has been in operation since July 15, 1990. Official ridership forecasts for the Blue Line are 35,000 boardings per weekday in 1991, and 54,700 boardings per weekday in the year 2000. Ridership counts by researchers at the University of Southern California provide estimates of 24,100 boardings on June 3, 1991, and an average of 26,557 daily boardings during Fall 1991. These figures imply that the total cost per Blue Line boarding is substantially higher than the average for light and heavy rail systems recently examined by the U.S. Department of Transportation Urban Mass Transit Administration. It is unlikely that Blue Line ridership will increase, because the most reliable predictors of rail transit ridership are not under policy control. If bus boardings are accounted for, the net result of the Los Angeles rail initiative has been a reduction in transit ridership.
Isoelectronic trap transitions in GaAs1−xPx:N in the region of resonant enhancement (ENN ∼ EΓ, 0.3<x<0.4)

For GaAs1−xPx:N crystal composition x < 0.8, the distinction between NN1 and NN3 transitions becomes blurred. Photoluminescence measurements on N-doped GaAs1−xPx layers (0.3 < x < 0.4) and, for comparison, on the same vapor epitaxial crystals with the N-doped layer removed, indicate that the NN3 transition reappears (and thus also the NN1 transition) as ENN3 approaches EΓ. This is attributed to the resonant enhancement that occurs when ENN ∼ EΓ.
Personal Educational Tools (PETs) for Type II Learning

Abstract This article introduces the concept of Personal Educational Tools (PETs) and places these tools within the context of existing rationales for using technology for teaching, learning, and instruction. An identification of the distinguishing characteristics of these devices is followed by the conjecture that these types of classifying characteristics could form the basis of a taxonomy. An association is made between the Type II uses of PETs and higher level cognitive processes. A rubric is included to guide the educator toward Type II learning applications. Examples of ways PETs could facilitate Type II learning in a wide variety of educational environments are provided. “The popular image of what technology is about is far too much about information and not nearly as much … about using it as an instrument, as a tool to do something” (Papert, 1998, p. 1). As small devices with microprocessors embedded within them become commonplace in our society, the issue of how they might best be incorporated in...
Shock-Recovery Experiments on PZT 95/5

Recovery experiments on porous PZT 95/5 ferroelectric have been performed on a single-stage compressed gas gun over the stress range of 0.3 to 4.6 GPa. Density measurements on the recovered specimens suggest permanent pore compaction. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the shock-induced FE-to-AFE phase transformation is reversible, with a reduction in the residual lattice strain, as compared with the unshocked material. SEM and TEM microscopy show evidence of ferroelectric domains with fewer numbers at the higher stress. The microstructure of the 3.0 GPa sample is significantly affected, as evidenced by dislocation slip bands and oval-shaped voids.
VizWiz: a Java applet for interactive 3D scientific visualization on the web

VizWiz is a Java applet that provides basic interactive scientific visualization functionality, such as isosurfaces, cutting planes, and elevation plots, for 2D and 3D datasets that can be loaded into the applet by the user via, the applet's Web server. VizWiz is unique in that it is a completely platform independent scientific visualization tool, and is usable over the Web, without being manually downloaded or installed. Its 3D graphics are implemented using only the Java AWT API, making them portable across all Java supporting platforms. The paper describes the implementation of VizWiz, including design tradeoffs. Graphics performance figures are provided for a number of different platforms. A solution to the problem of uploading user data files into a Java applet, working around security limitations, is demonstrated. The lessons learned from this project are discussed.
Gaussian-quadrature formulas for

(1982). Gaussian-quadrature formulas for. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation: Vol. 15, No. 2-3, pp. 155-160.
Psychological profile of adults with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Abstract The Symptom Checklist-90—Revised, a standardized self-report measure of psychological symptoms, was administered to 42 adults with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Approximately 45% reported high overall psychological distress, most commonly involving interpersonal sensitivity, psychoticism, depression, and obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Symptoms were related to number of organ systems affected by TSC and, in some cases, to seizure history, but not to genotype, IQ, education, severity of epilepsy, or use of anticonvulsant or psychiatric medication.
Elektronische Umwandlungen in Übergangsmetallverbindungen bei hohem Druck

Sehr hoher Druck wird fur die Untersuchung der Elektronenstruktur der Materie immer wichtiger. Die relative Verschiebung der Energien von Orbitalen, welche man im allgemeinen bei hohem Druck findet, fuhrt haufig zu einem neuen Grundzustand fur das System. Diese elektronischen Umwandlungen konnen Anderungen der elektrischen, optischen oder magnetischen Eigenschaften sowie der chemischen Reaktivitat bewirken. Elektronische Umwandlungen in Metallen und Umwandlungen von Nichtleitern in Metalle sind von Physikern bereits in grosem Umfang untersucht worden. Neuerdings lies sich an aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen und deren Elektronen-Donor-Acceptor-Komplexen zeigen, das elektronische Umwandlungen chemische Reaktivitat induzieren und zur Bildung neuer Klassen von Kohlenwasserstoffen fuhren. — Elektronische Umwandlungen in Ubergangsmetallkomplexen konnen Anderungen des Spinzustandes hervorrufen; es sind sowohl Zunahme als auch Abnahme der Multiplizitat mit zunehmendem Druck beobachtet worden. Daruber hinaus ist bekannt, das bei hohem Druck FeIII und CuII in verschiedenen Verbindungen reduziert werden. Im Verhalten dieser Ubergangsmetall-Ionen werden einige Einzelheiten beschrieben, soweit sie mit “Hochdruck und Elektronenstruktur” allgemein zusammenhangen.
SPOILED GUESTS OR DEDICATED PATRIOTS? THE CHINESE IN NORTH VIETNAM, 1954–1978

This article examines the triangular relationship among the Chinese community of northern Vietnam, the North Vietnamese government, and China, focusing in particular on how the relationship affected the ethnic and national identities of Chinese residents in North Vietnam between 1954 and 1978. Scrutiny of the two important issues of citizenship and the Chinese school system reveals that North Vietnamese leaders adopted lenient policies toward Chinese residents mainly because they saw the relationship between the Vietnamese state and the Chinese community as part and parcel of North Vietnam's relationship with China. These policies ultimately contributed to a delay in the assimilation of Chinese residents, and by the end of the 1970s they still had not completed the transformation from well-treated sojourners into citizens of Vietnam. Though many Chinese residents embraced a status of privileged outsider, others willingly participated on Vietnam's behalf in the war against America. After reunification, the desire to clarify loyalty, i.e. to “purify” the nation-state, led the Vietnamese government to initiate an aggressive process of forced assimilation. This policy, and the deterioration of relations between Vietnam and China in the late 1970s, triggered an exodus of Chinese residents.
The neurobiology of skeletal pain

Disorders of the skeleton are one of the most common causes of chronic pain and long-term physical disability in the world. Chronic skeletal pain is caused by a remarkably diverse group of conditions including trauma-induced fracture, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, low back pain, orthopedic procedures, celiac disease, sickle cell disease and bone cancer. While these disorders are diverse, what they share in common is that when chronic skeletal pain occurs in these disorders, there are currently few therapies that can fully control the pain without significant unwanted side effects. In this review we focus on recent advances in our knowledge concerning the unique population of primary afferent sensory nerve fibers that innervate the skeleton, the nociceptive and neuropathic mechanisms that are involved in driving skeletal pain, and the neurochemical and structural changes that can occur in sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers and the CNS in chronic skeletal pain. We also discuss therapies targeting nerve growth factor or sclerostin for treating skeletal pain. These therapies have provided unique insight into the factors that drive skeletal pain and the structural decline that occurs in the aging skeleton. We conclude by discussing how these advances have changed our understanding and potentially the therapeutic options for treating and/or preventing chronic pain in the injured, diseased and aged skeleton.
Cri du chat syndrome and complex karyotype in a patient with infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, nonketotic hyperglycinemia, and heterotopia

Seizures are rarely reported in association with deletion or duplication syndromes of the short arm of chromosome 5, or with chromosome 5 rings. We report on the clinical and cytogenetic findings in a girl with Cri du chat syndrome associated with complex abnormalities in chromosome 5, dysmorphic features, flexor infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, nonketotic hyperglycinemia, and heterotopia in her brain. Peripheral blood cytogenetic analysis indicates a mosaic karyotype with de novo deletion of varying amounts of 5p and pericentric inversion of the same chromosome 5. The deleted segment on 5p includes the region implicated in the catlike cry as well as sequences implicated in development of facial dysmorphism and mental retardation. This is the first case with Cri du chat syndrome associated with nonketotic hyperglycinemia, infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and heterotopia.
Critical infrastructure and smart technology risk modelling using computational intelligence

We discuss the criticality of infrastructure in economic development and security, and identify various risks posed by smart technologies as applied to infrastructure. We provide a computational intelligence methodology, using attitudinal and fuzzy modelling, and illustrate its application as a risk modelling decision technology in the selection of smart technology in critical infrastructure.
Stabilization of nonholonomic integrators via logic-based switching

This paper explains how to stabilize a ''nonholonomic integrator'' using a hybrid control law employing switching and logic. Results concerning asymptotic stability and exponential convergence to the origin are derived. The notion of a (positively) invariant set is extended to hybrid systems and sufficient conditions for invariance are presented. The verification of these conditions does not require the computation of the state trajectories and their use goes beyond the analysis of the system presented in this paper.
Modelling as a tool for designing an optimum anti-G suit valve

Summary form only given. A computer simulation of a cardiovascular model is used to determine the optimal pressure profiles for the G-suit for different gravity profiles. A closed-loop controller with a feedforward compensation is proposed to produce these optimal pressure profiles. Simulation results showing the improvement in G-protection with the optimum anti-G suit valve have been obtained. >
Introduction: Fusing Economic and Cultural Geography

The introduction traces the history of growing intersections between economic and cultural geography, including milestones such as: non-structural Marxism; Granovetter’s thesis of cultural embeddedness; flexible production, clusters, and the role of trust, reputation, and tacit knowledge; geographies of the body; Richard Florida’s creative class; consumption; and the cultural turn. It points to some of the analytical and epistemological implications of the convergence between the cultural and the economic. Finally, it briefly summarizes each of the chapters in the volume.
Associative Organotin Polymers. 2. Solution Properties of Symmetric Trialkyltin Fluorides

Abstract The solubilities and viscosities of four novel symmetric tri-n-alkyltin fluorides in various organic solvents were studied. It is shown that these compounds do behave as transient polymers. Increasing the length of the n-alkyl chain beyond n-butyl imparts considerable solubility to this class of associative polymers and offers no steric hindrance to polymer chain formation. The effects of concentration, solvent type, temperature, and brine on the solution viscosities were also studied. These associative polymers effectively viscosify compressed gases (having liquid-like densities), such as propane and n-butane. They can therefore be used in enhanced oil recovery operations as well as in fracturing of oil wells.
Morphine Potentiates HIV-1 gp120–Induced Neuronal Apoptosis

To investigate the effect of opiates on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-related neuronal apoptosis, primary human fetal neuronal/glial cell cultures were exposed to gp120(IIIB) in the absence and the presence of morphine. Although morphine by itself had little effect on neuronal survival, the combination of morphine (>/=10(-7) mol/L) and gp120(IIIB) (1 nmol/L) significantly increased neuronal apoptosis. The mechanism whereby morphine potentiates gp120(IIIB)-induced neuronal apoptosis appears to involve activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase intracellular signaling pathway and microglial cells dispersed within the neuronal/glial cell cultures. These results provide additional insight into the molecular basis whereby opiate abuse could promote HIV-1-associated dementia.
Can vendors influence switching costs and compatibility in an environment with open standards

This paper examines the potential social costs of standardization, including possible vendor reactions to standards and their impacts on the adoption of new technology and long-term market structure. Specifically, we study how vendors might react to standards in the market for routers and switches, two of the most important pieces of networking hardware for the information systems infrastructure of modern firms. Using data from over 22,000 establishments surveyed by Harte Hanks Market Intelligence, we provide evidence that vendors are able to maintain high switching costs in the market for routers and switches despite the presence of open standards in the industry. Several vendor actions are discussed in this paper, including manipulating horizontal compatibility between comparable rival products and vertical compatibility between complementary products, maintaining a broader product line, creating product suites, and targeting specific market segments. Our results further suggest that the presence of switching costs can lead to inefficient adoption of new information technology and that vendors may be able to influence the speed of new information technology adoption.
The Complexity of Quest in Emerging Adults’ Religiosity, Well‐Being, and Identity

The construct of quest as measured by the Quest Scale raises complexities that this study addressed with online surveys measuring religiosity, ego identity, and well-being of graduates from two Christian colleges. Intrinsic questers (those above the scale midpoint in intrinsic and quest scores but below the extrinsic midpoint) made up over half of those high in intrinsic religiosity and did not differ in Christian orthodoxy, religious identity, religious coping, or well-being from the pure intrinsics (those high in intrinsic religiosity). Indiscriminately pro-religious questing individuals (those high in intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity and quest) were less religious and showed poorer coping than intrinsic questers. Quest appears to be a reasonable measure of religious orientation, improving prediction of Christian orthodoxy, religious identity, and religious coping, and was more highly correlated with ego identity exploration than with stress. In association with intrinsic religiosity quest does not appear to indicate weak religiosity or poor well-being. Instead, intrinsic questers may pursue a distinctive developmental trajectory, a path of existential searching by which emerging adults manage the demands of contemporary culture while maintaining a mature faith.
Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cells Mediate a Peptide-Induced Fatal Syndrome

Peptide immunotherapy both activates and suppresses the T cell response against known peptide Ags. Although pretreatment with VP2 121–130 peptide inhibits the development of antiviral CTL specific for the immunodominant D b :VP2 121–130 epitope expressed during acute Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus infection, i.v. injection of this same peptide or MHC tetramers containing the peptide during an ongoing antiviral CTL response results in a peptide-induced fatal syndrome (PIFS) within 48 h. Susceptibility to PIFS is dependent on peptide-specific CD8 + T cells, varies among inbred strains of mice, and is not mediated by traditionally defined mechanisms of shock. Analyses using bone marrow chimeras and mutant mice demonstrate that susceptibility to PIFS is determined by the genotype of bone marrow-derived cells and requires the expression of perforin. Animals responding to peptide treatment with PIFS develop classical stress responses in the brain. These findings raise important considerations for the development of peptide therapies for active diseases to modify immune responses involving expanded populations of T cells. In summary, treatment with peptides or MHC-tetramers during a peptide-specific immune response can result in a fatal shock-like syndrome. Susceptibility to the syndrome is genetically determined, is mediated by CD8 + T cells, and requires expression of perforin. These findings raise concerns about the use of peptides and MHC tetramers in therapeutic schemes.
A Meta-Analysis of Controlled Research on Social Skills Training for Schizophrenia.

A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials of social skills training for schizophrenia was conducted. Outcome measures from 22 studies including 1,521 clients were categorized according to a proximal-distal continuum in relation to the presumed site of action of skills training interventions, with content mastery tests and performance-based measures of skills assumed to be most proximal, community functioning and negative symptoms intermediate, and general symptoms and relapse most distal. Results reveal a large weighted mean effect size for content-mastery exams (d = 1.20), a moderate mean effect size for performance-based measures of social and daily living skills (d = 0.52), moderate mean effect sizes for community functioning (d = 0.52) and negative symptoms (d = 0.40), and small mean effect sizes for other symptoms (d = 0.15) and relapse (d = 0.23). These results support the efficacy of social skills training for improving psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia.
Enhancing Workplace Wellness Efforts to Reduce Obesity: A Qualitative Study of Low-Wage Workers in St Louis, Missouri, 2013-2014

Introduction The objective of this study was to examine workplace determinants of obesity and participation in employer-sponsored wellness programs among low-wage workers. Methods We conducted key informant interviews and focus groups with 2 partner organizations: a health care employer and a union representing retail workers. Interviews and focus groups discussed worksite factors that support or constrain healthy eating and physical activity and barriers that reduce participation in workplace wellness programs. Focus group discussions were transcribed and coded to identify main themes related to healthy eating, physical activity, and workplace factors that affect health. Results Although the union informants recognized the need for workplace wellness programs, very few programs were offered because informants did not know how to reach their widespread and diverse membership. Informants from the health care organization described various programs available to employees but noted several barriers to effective implementation. Workers discussed how their job characteristics contributed to their weight; irregular schedules, shift work, short breaks, physical job demands, and food options at work were among the most commonly discussed contributors to poor eating and exercise behaviors. Workers also described several general factors such as motivation, time, money, and conflicting responsibilities. Conclusion The workplace offers unique opportunities for obesity interventions that go beyond traditional approaches. Our results suggest that modifying the physical and social work environment by using participatory or integrated health and safety approaches may improve eating and physical activity behaviors. However, more research is needed about the methods best suited to the needs of low-wage workers.
Bilateral intrarenal adrenal glands in cadaveric donor kidneys resembling renal cell carcinoma on intraoperative frozen section.

Ectopic adrenal tissue has been observed in a variety of sites. We report an unusual case of bilateral symmetrical intrarenal adrenal glands in cadaveric donor kidneys which were suspicious for renal cell carcinoma on intraoperative frozen section. CASE REPORT A 46-year-old man and a 64-year-old woman with end stage renal disease underwent cadaveric renal transplantation from the same donor. The donor was a 43-year-old woman with a history of myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure whose cause of death was subarachnoid hemorrhage. The first recipient received the left donor kidney. At transplantation the left donor adrenal gland was noted to be densely adherent to the upper pole of the donor kidney. No obvious masses were noted and adrenalectomy, thought to be complete, was performed before transplantation. The procedure was performed without incident and the patient was brought to the recovery room in stable condition. The second recipient received the right donor kidney. Before transplantation the right donor adrenal gland was also noted to be closely applied to the upper pole of the kidney but no nodularity or mass was noted. Most of the adrenal gland was excised and the donor kidney was successfully transplanted. Following reperfusion and completion of the ureteral anastomosis, there appeared to be a thickened area at the upper pole of the donor kidney. Frozen section biopsy of the suspicious lesion was interpreted as a small oncocytic tumor, probable oncocytoma. However, the possibility of a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma could not be excluded (fig. 1). With the suspicion of a possible malignant renal neoplasm, the donor kidney was removed before closure. After finding a possible neoplasm in the right donor kidney and a densely adherent adrenal gland on the left donor kidney, reexploration of the first transplant recipient was undertaken. Two 1.5 cm. pieces of tissue were excised from the site where the adrenal would normally be found. Frozen section of this specimen was identical to that of the contralateral side. Nephrectomy was performed. Final pathological analysis of both specimens proved to be intrarenal adrenal gland (fig. 2, A). A fat stain showed that the cells contained lipid, and immunostains of these cells for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen were negative. In addition, an endothelial marker, CD34, showed columns of these cells to be separated by well-defined sinusoids. These sinusoids were in continuity and insinuated into the paratubular capillary network and tubules in the adjacent renal paren
Fabrication and optimization of uniform output couplers for far-infrared lasers.

An improved technique for the fabrication of uniform output couplers for far-infrared lasers has been developed. The technique includes a process for uniformly removing material from the back side of the coupler’s substrate to tune the coupler’s reflectivity precisely to the specified value for a particular laser line. Depending on the condition of the coupler after use, it can be retuned to another laser line, which lies within the coupler’s reflectance envelope. Furthermore, when there is the possibility of lasing at two different laser wavelengths (as happens with some far-infrared lasers), it is possible to optimize the coupler for one wavelength while at the same time detuning the other wavelength. The fabrication and optimization of these devices are discussed.
Constrained patterns of covariation and clustering of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations

Objectives: We characterized pairwise and higher order patterns of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-selected mutations because multiple mutations are usually required for clinically significant resistance to second-generation NNRTIs. Patients and methods: We analysed viruses from 13039 individuals with sequences containing at least one of 52 published NNRTI-selected mutations, including 1133 viruses from individuals who received efavirenz but no other NNRTI and 1510 viruses from individuals who received nevirapine but no other NNRTI. Of the 17 reported etravirine resistance-associated mutations (RAMs), Y181C/I/V, L100I, K101P and M230L were considered major based on published in vitro susceptibility data. Results: Efavirenz preferentially selected for 16 mutations, including L100I (14% versus 0.1%, P,0.001), K101P (3.3% versus 0.4%, P,0.001) and M230L (2.8% versus 1.3%, P ¼0.004), whereas nevirapine preferentially selected for 12 mutations, including Y181C/I/V (48% versus 6.9%, P,0.001). Twenty-nine pairs of NNRTIselected mutations covaried significantly, including Y181C with seven other mutations (A98G, K101E/H, V108I, G190A/S and H221Y), L100I with K103N, and K101P with K103S. Two pairs (Y181C +V179F and Y181C +G190S) were predicted to confer .10-fold decreased etravirine susceptibility. Seventeen percent of sequences had three or more NNRTI-selected mutations, mostly in clusters of covarying mutations. Many clusters had Y181C plus a non-major etravirine RAM; few had more than one major etravirine RAM. Conclusions: Although major etravirine RAMs rarely occur in combination, 2 of 29 pairs of covarying mutations were associated with .10-fold decreased etravirine susceptibility. Viruses with three or more NNRTI-selected mutations often contained Y181C in combination with one or more minor etravirine RAMs; however, phenotypic and clinical correlates for most of these higher order combinations have not been published.
A stochastic programming approach for clinical trial planning in new drug development

The paper presents a multi-stage stochastic programming formulation for the planning of clinical trials in the pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) pipeline. Scenarios are used to account for the endogenous uncertainty in clinical trial outcomes. Given a portfolio of potential drugs and limited resources, the model determines the trials to be performed in each planning period and scenario. To reduce the size of the formulation we employ a reduced set of scenarios without compromising the quality of uncertainty representation. Furthermore, we present a number of ideas that allow us to reduce the number of non-anticipativity constraints necessary to model indistinguishable scenarios. The proposed approach is the first stochastic programming formulation to address this problem.
Movilidad, modernización y relaciones eslavas: La educación yugoslava durante las décadas de 1920 y 1930

This article studies the importance of Czechoslovakia on the modernization of education in Yugoslavia in the twenties and thirties of the 20th Century. During this period for the Yugoslavian Czechoslovakia was considered “the most advanced Slavonic nation”. The Slavonic relationships made it possible for the Yugoslavian to consider Czechoslovakia as a model of kind modernity, similar and reachable. Within the domain of education, this turned into a specific vision of the “modern” child, or the child who had to become a citizen together with his/her “modern” teacher. All those ideals were molded not only following the influences that came from a specific place, but rather by means of the people’s mobility, and by the circulation of the objects and ideas along the Yugoslavian and Czech interaction circles. In this sense, the article offers new methodologies and analytical strategies to deal with transnational studies within the domain of the History of Education.
Professional and organizational commitment among engineers: conflicting or complementing?

Organizational commitment and professional commitment have been viewed as both complementary and conflicting in their effects on organizational outcomes. Engineering has many characteristics of a profession, but its practitioners usually have careers in organizational settings. Thus, the effects of these commitments on job satisfaction, job performance and job problems are particularly important in an engineering work environment. Results of this study based on data collected from 114 engineers in a bureaucratic work environment indicate that organizational commitment has a significant and direct effect on job satisfaction and job performance and a significant inverse effect on job problems. Professional commitment was marginally significant in respect to job performance. In addition, the highest levels of satisfaction and performance were reported by individuals high on both forms of commitment, while the lowest levels of satisfaction and performance were reported by individuals with low organizational commitment and high professional commitment. Results were mixed for job problems. >
Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Periprosthetic Fracture of the Femur after Total Hip Arthroplasty. Treatment and Results to Date*†

Postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures have become increasingly common during the last decade. A wide range of problems, such as comminution and bone loss, are seen in association with these fractures, and the additional challenge of a loose femoral component is commonly encountered. When a femoral fracture occurs in a patient in whom the femoral component is in place, reconstruction may be reasonably straightforward or it may be nearly impossible. Options for treatment have included the use of traction, casts, and external braces; operative reduction with internal fixation; numerous revision procedures involving insertion of a long-stem femoral component for stabilization of the fracture; and bone-grafting with use of either autogenous grafts or allografts1-3,5-12,19-24,35,36,38-42,45,49-51,55,56. These fractures must be treated according to their individual characteristics, the status of the implant, associated medical conditions, and the patient's level of physical activity2,11,23,35. Knowledge of the results in previously reported series and information regarding the range of treatment options can facilitate optimum decision-making with regard to these injuries. The number of patients who are seen with a postoperative periprosthetic fracture of the femur has increased steadily at our institution during the last twenty-five years (Fig. 1). Between 1989 and 1993, fracture was the second leading cause of revision hip arthroplasty at the Mayo Clinic, ranking after loosening of the implant and before dislocation and infection (Fig. 2). Reports have suggested an over-all prevalence of between 0.1 and 1.1 per cent, with ten postoperative periprosthetic fractures (0.2 per cent) found in 5400 patients in one of the largest series. However, these estimates apply to patients who had a femoral …
„Social Processes“ – Prozesse neu gestalten

Bei Tatigkeiten mit wiederkehrendem Ablauf spricht man gern von Prozessen. Wenn sie haufiger zur Anwendung kommen, macht es Sinn sich Gedanken uber eine Optimierung des Ablaufs zu machen. Das ist eine Idee von Frederick Winslow Taylor und einigen seiner Zeitgenossen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts gewesen. Peter Drucker nahm diese Ideen auf und erweiterte das Modell in Richtung Wissensarbeiter, deren Zahl nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg deutlich zunahm. Aktuell verandern Unternehmen und Organisationen ihre Organisationsstrukturen und nutzen vermehrt partizipative Ansatze, die den Mitarbeitern mehr kreative Einbringungsmoglichkeiten eroffnen und weiterhin dafur sorgen sollen, dass die Produktivitat weiter steigt und neue, innovative Ideen neue Geschaftschancen eroffnen. Auch das Steuern von Ideen ist letztlich wieder ein Prozess, in den man sogar Kunden direkt mit einbinden kann.
Food behavior of elementary school students after receiving nutrition education.

A nine-week nutrition education program for children's in kindergarten through sixth grade had a mixed effect on the childrens food behavior.
Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of NF1 -Mutant Lung Cancer

Purpose:NF1 is a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates Ras signaling. NF1 mutations occur in lung cancer, but their clinical significance is unknown. We evaluated clinical and molecular characteristics of NF1 mutant lung cancers with comparison to tumors with KRAS mutations. Experimental Design: Between July 2013 and October 2014, 591 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors underwent targeted next-generation sequencing in a 275 gene panel that evaluates gene mutations and genomic rearrangements. NF1 and KRAS cohorts were identified, with subsequent clinical and genomic analysis. Results: Among 591 patients, 60 had NF1 mutations (10%) and 141 (24%) had KRAS mutations. 15 NF1 mutations (25%) occurred with other oncogenic mutations [BRAF (2); ERBB2 (2); KRAS (9); HRAS (1); NRAS (1)]. There were 72 unique NF1 variants. NF1 tumor pathology was diverse, including both adenocarcinoma (36, 60%) and squamous cell carcinoma (10, 17%). In contrast, KRAS mutations occurred predominantly in adenocarcinoma (136, 96%). Both mutations were common in former/current smokers. Among NF1 tumors without concurrent oncogenic alterations, TP53 mutations/2-copy deletions occurred more often (33, 65%) than with KRAS mutation (46, 35%; P Conclusions:NF1 mutations define a unique population of NSCLC. NF1 and KRAS mutations present in similar patient populations, but NF1 mutations occur more often with other oncogenic alterations and TP53 mutations. Therapeutic strategies targeting KRAS activation, including inhibitors of MAP kinase signaling, may warrant investigation in NF1 mutant tumors. Tumor-suppressor inactivation patterns may help further define novel treatment strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3148–56. ©2016 AACR.
Role of apical support defect: correction in women undergoing vaginal prolapse surgery.

Purpose of review The aim was to review most recent literature and provide updates in clinical management and surgical treatment of apical pelvic organ prolapse. Recent findings In patients who decline surgical intervention, formal referral to pelvic floor muscle training is beneficial over self-directed Kegel exercises. Systematic reviews revealed that sacrocolpopexy has better long-term outcomes than vaginal approaches. Uterosacral ligament suspension and sacrospinous ligament suspension have equal efficacy at 1 year. These procedures should be considered as acceptable alternatives to sacrocolpopexy. Two randomized controlled trials have demonstrated equal efficacy between robotic and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Summary Minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy should be considered the gold standard for apical prolapse, but these techniques are associated with longer operating times and higher complication rates and longer convalescence than nonmesh vaginal surgery. Surgeons must individualize surgical technique for each patient and should consider a vaginal approach in patients who do not desire laparotomy and are not candidates for minimally invasive surgery.
Zur chemischen Wirkung des Äthylens auf Gefrier-Erbsen während der Lagerung

Die beiden hervorstechenden Veranderungen, verursacht durch die Versuchsbedingungen, waren der Gehalt an Peroxid und ungesattigten Carbonylsubstanzen. Der Peroxidgehalt von nicht entschoteten und handentschoteten Erbsen war hoher in Gasgemischen mit kleinen Mengen an Athylen. Unterschiede an Gehalt ungesattigter Carbonylverbindungen wurden nur in nicht entschoteten Erbsen nach langerer Lagerung gefunden; sie enthielten weniger als andere Proben.[/p] Degustationen zeigten, das Erbsen, die vor Beginn der Lagerung beschadigt wurden, oft schlechteren Geschmack entwickelten. Die Substanzen, die fur den schlechten Geschmack verantwortlich sind, stumpfen anscheinend die Geschmacksnerven ab, so das die Intensitat des unangenehmen Geschmacks empfindlich abnimmt, wenn grosere Mengen dieser Erbsen konsumiert werden.[/p]
Gamma-ray spectrometry combined with acceptable knowledge (GSAK): A technique for characterization of certain remote-handled transuranic (RH-TRU) wastes

Gamma-ray spectrometry combined with acceptable knowledge (GSAK) is a technique for the characterization of certain remote-handled transuranic (RH-TRU) wastes. GSAK uses gamma-ray spectrometry to quantify a portion of the fission product inventory of RH-TRU wastes. These fission product results are then coupled with calculated inventories derived from acceptable process knowledge to characterize the radionuclide content of the assayed wastes. GSAK has been evaluated and tested through several test exercises. This paper describes these tests and their results; while the former paper in this issue presents the methodology, equipment and techniques.
Effects of selenium on chemical carcinogenesis : Comparative effects of antioxidants.

Chemical carcinogenesis can be characterized by a sequence of events leading to the development of tumors. Selenium (Se) inhibition of colon, liver, and lung carcinogens is demonstrated. Using the male Sprague Dawley rat model Se inhibited the colon tumor incidence in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) treated rats and reduced the total number of colon tumors in methylazoxymethanol (MAM) treated rats. Selenium inhibited 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and 3′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3′-MeDAB) hepatocarcinogenesis. The hepatic tumor incidence induced by 3′-MeDAB was reduced by both inorganic Se (Na2SeO3) and by organic Se (Se-yeast) supplements. In vitro systems have been studied in an effort to decipher the inhibitory properties of Se on the multistage origin of tumors induced by chemical carcinogens. Current studies suggest that the protective effect of Se against AAF hepatocarcinogenesis may be correlated with a change in AAF metabolism. The mutagenicity of AAF and AAF metabolites inSalmonella typhimurium TA1538 is decreased by Se. Additionally, Se reduced N-t-OH−AAF induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in whole blood cultures, and also reduced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity using benzo(a) pyrene as substrate. The comparative effects of antioxidants on DMH induction of colon tumors are presented in detail. Supplements of 4 ppm Se to the drinking water, 1.2% ascorbic acid (V c ) to the diet or 0.5% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to the diet of DMH-treated rats reduced the colon tumor incidence of DMH controls from 64 to 31% (Se), 38% (V c ), and 43% (BHT). The colon tumor incidence in DMH-treated rats receiving a combination of Se+V c increased to 83%, while the combination of Se+BHT decreased the colon tumor incidence to 55%. The growth and survival of rats provided long-term supplements of 4 ppm Se in the drinking water are compared with untreated controls.
32 THE RELATIONSHIP OF SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE, HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN AND GLUCOSE CONTROL IN SOUTH ASIAN INDIAN IMMIGRANTS

We have previously noted that a self-selected study sample of South Asian Indian immigrants with a unique predominance of older men demonstrates a high prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia, which negatively correlates with their HDL. To further develop the health profile of this emerging minority, we are reporting on their systolic blood pressure (sBP), and its relationship to HDL and glucose control. The sample includes age-matched males (n = 63) and females (n = 44) with average age of 64 and FSG of 125 mg/dL. Their mean BMI is 25. Subjects in the study sample have been living in the USA for a mean of 12 years. Because of the high mean fasting serum glucose, the study sample was stratified into 3 glycemic groups: N = (FSG Figure 2: HDL (mg/dL). Figure 3: TRG (mg/dL). Figure 3: sBP (mm Hg).
Urethral reconstruction in boys with classical bladder exstrophy.

AbstractA total of 24 boys with classical bladder exstrophy underwent initial urethral reconstruction at our hospital between 1975 and 1982. Penile reconstruction in male patients with classical bladder exstrophy includes penile lengthening, release of the dorsal chordee and reconstruct10n of the urethra. The former 2 procedures are performed during the primary bladder closure and urethroplasty usually follows bladder neck reconstruction. A modified Young urethroplasty was done in 22of the 24 patients. Preputial pedicle grafts of free full thickness skin grafts were used for urethroplasty in 2 boys with insufficient penile skin. Fistulas requiring surgical revision developed after urethroplasty in 21 per cent of the patients. A prior osteotomy was associated with a decreased fistula rate. The cosmetic and preliminary functional results of the penile reconstruction were assessed by parental interviews. The definitive assessment of the penile reconstruction will be determined when these boys reach sexual ma...
Batf3-dependent CD103+ dendritic cell accumulation is dispensable for mucosal and systemic antifungal host defense

Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for defense against a variety of pathogens and the formation of adaptive immune responses. The transcription factor Batf3 is critical for the development of CD103(+)CD11b(-) DCs, which promote IL-12-dependent protective immunity during viral and parasitic infections, dampen Th2 immunity during helminthic infection, and exert detrimental effects during bacterial infection. Whether CD103(+) DCs modulate immunity during systemic or mucosal fungal disease remains unknown. Herein, we report that Batf3 is critical for accumulation of CD103(+) DCs in the kidney and tongue at steady state, for their expansion during systemic and oropharyngeal candidiasis, and for tissue-specific production of IL-12 in kidney but not tongue during systemic and oropharyngeal candidiasis, respectively. Importantly, deficiency of CD103(+) DCs does not impair survival or fungal clearance during systemic or oropharyngeal candidiasis, indicating that Batf3-dependent CD103(+) DC accumulation mediates pathogen- and tissue-specific immune effects.
Procedures: Performance and Complexity

After completing this module, a student should be able to: List computing environment components affecting performance. List and rank the standard Big-Oh computational complexity functions. Determine the time complexity function of an algorithm. Classify an algorithm by its standard Big-Oh function.
NCLEX-RN® Success: An integrative lesson plan.

Abstract The National Council Licensure Examination-Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN)® measures the mastery of essential content for safe, entry-level nursing practice. The 2016 NCLEX-RN® Detailed Test Plan is a guide for NCLEX-RN® preparation. A lesson plan was developed as a resource for nursing educators that integrated content from the Detailed Test Plan into didactic instruction according to the revised Bloom's Taxonomy. Innovative technology is used in the classroom to create a simulated clinical environment and the paradigm introduce, recall, review reinforces content.
Is US productivity performance better than the numbers indicate

The author analyses official indicators of growth and productivity in the USA in the post–war period, and concludes that they may be subject to systematic biases which lead to underestimation of productivity performance in some sectors. He identifies three possible sources of mis–measurement of industry output and productivity, and estimates their possible effects in various sectors of the US economy.