cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breakpoint cluster region rearrangements in chronic myelogenous leukemia with a masked Philadelphia chromosome

Cytogenetic and molecular analyses were performed in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The cytogenetic study revealed that the leukemic cells of this patient contained a three-way translocation involving chromosomes #5, #9, and #22, resulting in a masked Philadelphia chromosome; the karyotype of the leukemic cells was 46,XY,t(5;22;9)(q31;q11;q34). Southern blot analysis of leukemic cell DNA was performed using a 1.1 kb HindIII-EcoRI breakpoint cluster region (bcr) probe. The results showed that BglII digested DNA showed two abnormal bcr fragments (i.e., 5.2 kb and 2.7 kb) in contrast to the results with DNA from two patients with a standard Ph chromosome [t(9;22)(q34;q11)] who showed one normal 5.0-kb bcr fragment in addition to altered fragments of about 4.3 kb or 4.0 kb. Bam HI digests of DNA from the leukemic cells of the patient with the masked Ph chromosome showed two bands (3.3 kb and 6.5 kb), whereas, DNA from the two patients with standard Ph translocations showed only a 3.3-kb bcr fragment. The results indicate that the molecular events in a masked Ph affect the bcr locus in a manner similar to that seen in standard Ph chromosomes.
The Ideal of Judicial Independence: Complications and Challenges

The ideal of “judicial independence” commands glowing and nearly unanimous approval, but any serious consideration of its meaning and operation quickly uncovers a range of problems and ambiguities.
Multivariate Analysis for the Electrochemical Discrimination and Quantitation of Nitroaromatic Explosives

A chemometric approach for the discrimination and quantification of nitroaromatic explosives is presented. The multivariate analysis of the square-wave voltammetric data of trinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 2-nitrotoluene reduction was employed to extract subtle differences in the electrochemical response across multiple potentials on a bare glassy carbon, aminophenyl-modified glassy carbon, and carboxylphenyl-modified glassy carbon electrode surfaces allowing the electrochemical discrimination of the four different nitroaromatic analytes. A multivariate regression model was developed to differentiate and predict the concentrations of the structural isomers 2,6-dinitrotoluene, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene in mixture solutions.
Sense of community in housing for the elderly

The promotion of a psychological sense of community by environmental factors was investigated in this study. Psychosocial factors in high-rise and garden apartments in public housing for the elderly were compared using the Sheltered Care Environment Scale (SCES), the Sense of Community Index (SCI), and a structured interview. Residents of garden apartments were found to have a significantly greater overall sense of community than were those in high-rise apartments as determined by the SCI. Garden apartment residents also indicated greater sense of membership, a factor related to community. Significant differences in cohesion among residents in the two high-rise apartment buildings studied suggest that variables other than the physical environment may contribute to cohesive behavior. One such variable, the presence of a community leader, demands more research. Self-disclosure was found to be the possible cause of conflict among residents in the high-rises. The necessity of qualitative interviews in social research is discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The computational science and engineering (CS&E) program at Purdue University

Purdue University has established an interdisciplinary graduate degree program in Computational Science and Engineering (CS&E). Both M.S. and Ph.D. degrees are offered. The program provides students with the opportunity to study a specific science or engineering discipline along with computing in a multi-disciplinary environment. The aim of the program is to produce a student who has learned how to integrate computing with another scientific or engineering discipline.
Contemporary human-altered landscapes and oceanic barriers reduce bumble bee gene flow

Much of the world's terrestrial landscapes are being altered by humans in the form of agriculture, urbanization and pastoral systems, with major implications for biodiversity. Bumble bees are one of the most effective pollinators in both natural and cultivated landscapes, but are often the first to be extirpated in human-altered habitats. Yet, little is known about the role of natural and human-altered habitats in promoting or limiting bumble bee gene flow. In this study, I closely examine the genetic structure of the yellow-faced bumble bee, Bombus vosnesenskii, across the southwestern US coast and find strong evidence that natural oceanic barriers, as well as contemporary human-altered habitats, limit bee gene flow. Heterozygosity and allelic richness were lower in island populations, while private allelic richness was higher in island populations compared to mainland populations. Genetic differentiation, measured for three indices across the 1000 km study region, was significantly greater than the null expectation (F(ST) = 0.041, F'(ST) = 0.044 and D(est) = 0.155) and correlated with geographic distance. Furthermore, genetic differentiation patterns were most strongly correlated with contemporary (2011) not past (2006, 2001) resistance maps calibrated for high dispersal limitation over oceans, impervious habitat and croplands. Despite the incorporation of dramatic elevation gradients, the analyses reveal that oceans and contemporary human land use, not mountains, are the primary dispersal barriers for B. vosnesenskii gene flow. These findings reinforce the importance of maintaining corridors of suitable habitat across the distribution range of native pollinators to promote their persistence and safeguard their ability to provide essential pollination services.
The infracerebral gland — a possible neuroendocrine complex in Nereis

The infracerebral gland of Nereis consists of an epithelium covering the ventral surface of the posterior region of the brain. The thickness of the epithelium varies greatly in different species, and it appears especially well developed in Nereis limnicola. Cells of the most numerous type are in direct contact with the base of the brain. Their apical surfaces bound a coelomic sinus, below which is a blood plexus. Other cells are fuchsinophilic and contain many inclusions resembling elementary neurosecretory granules. A third type is rare and resembles glial elements. A number of nerve tracts run from the neuropil to the base of the brain in the region of the gland. Where they impinge upon the capsule they form swellings containing elementary granules and small vesicles. Some axons do not end on the capsule but pass through the capsule and then ramify among the cells of the gland. The swollen endings of other fibers, probably nervous in character, are packed with mitochondria and are scattered over the inner surface of the capsule in the region of the gland. The features described are suggestive of a neuroendocrine complex, and the relation between the brain and the infracerebral gland is in need of experimental analysis in view of the important endocrine functions presently ascribed to the brain in nereids.
GLOBAL PATTERNS FROM LOCAL INTERACTIONS: A DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS APPROACH

In this paper the global patterns that result from local interactions between players on a twodimensional lattice are studied. The assumptions on interaction between players are based on the Prisoner’s Dilemma game that has been used extensively in game theory and in the study of biological systems. Each player is located on a square lattice, and is assumed to cooperate or defect, based on mimicking the neighbor with the highest cumulative score from the preceding round of play. The edges of the lattice are glued to form a torus. Computer simulations are conducted for dieren t sized lattices, dieren t payo values, and dieren t initial conditions. Though the paper is primarily concerned with player behavior without self-interaction, some results with self-interaction are also included. The inuence of \ideal" cooperators on the evolution of the system dynamics is also studied. Three generic regimes of behavior are identied. Complex global patterns with complicated dynamics and sometimes unpredictable results occur. Steady-state solutions, simple and complex periodic solutions, and traveling waves are observed depending on the initial conditions and the payo values.
High-throughput VLSI implementations of iterative decoders and related code construction problems

In this paper, an efficient, fully-parallel network of programmable logic array (NPLA)-based realization of iterative decoders for structured LDPC codes is presented. The LDPC codes are developed in tandem with the underlying VLSI implementation technique, without compromising chip design constraints. The codes are based on a novel modification of array codes. This design methodology results in reduced routing congestion, a major problem in prior approaches. The operating power, delay and chip-size of the circuits are estimated, indicating that this implementation significantly outperforms presently used standard-cell based architectures. The described LDPC design method can accommodate widely different requirements, such as those arising from recording and wireless channel applications.
A seed predator drives the evolution of a seed dispersal mutualism

Although antagonists are hypothesized to impede the evolution of mutualisms, they may simultaneously exert selection favouring the evolution of alternative mutualistic interactions. We found that increases in limber pine ( Pinus flexilis ) seed defences arising from selection exerted by a pre-dispersal seed predator (red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) reduced the efficacy of limber pine's primary seed disperser (Clark's nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana ) while enhancing seed dispersal by ground-foraging scatter-hoarding rodents ( Peromyscus ). Thus, there is a shift from relying on primary seed dispersal by birds in areas without red squirrels, to an increasing reliance on secondary seed dispersal by scatter-hoarding rodents in areas with red squirrels. Seed predators can therefore drive the evolution of seed defences, which in turn favour alternative seed dispersal mutualisms that lead to major changes in the mode of seed dispersal. Given that adaptive evolution in response to antagonists frequently impedes one kind of mutualistic interaction, the evolution of alternative mutualistic interactions may be a common by-product.
Farmers' Evaluations and Behavioral Changes due to Attending Farm Transfer and Estate Planning Seminars

The majority of farm families have not named a successor nor developed an up-to-date farm business transition and estate plan. This program effort was designed to enable these farm families gain a better understanding of the process required and thus develop and implement a farm transition and estate plan. In terms of improving understanding, the workshops were highly successful. Most of the participants indicated their understanding of the main educational points of the workshop improved due to attending the workshop. Almost all indicated they better understood the need for clear goals and communication. Over 90% said they better understood the strategies available for use in a transfer plan; the importance of assessing the financial strength of the farm; and wills, trusts, and estate planning strategies. Ninety percent said they have improved their understanding of life insurance, power-of-attorney, and health care issues as part of the process. Eighty-seven percent of the participants said they had improved their understanding of tax issues related to the farm transfer process. While 58% of participants did not have an up-to-date estate plan and 89% did not have an up-to-date farm business transfer plan, 81% stated that, as a result of attending the workshop, they would begin the farm transfer process by developing a transfer and estate plan this year.
Self-Efficacy and Leadership Effectiveness: Applying Social Cognitive Theory to Leadership:

Executive Summary One of the most frequently reported findings in the leadership literature is the relationship between a leader's self-confidence and successful leadership. Yet, absent from the li...
Segmentation and feature extraction for magnetic resonance brain image analysis

A segmentation method developed for a system which analyzes magnetic resonance brain images is described. Consideration is also given to how the results of the segmentation method are used to successively identify the brain, suspected lesions, and the interhemispherical fissure, as well as to how these landmarks are used to determine automatically the orientation of a patient brain in 3-D. It is explained how all of the above are used in conjunction with a deformable 3-D model of the relevant brain anatomy to locate lesions in those images. The methods have been tested on more than 1000 images from 17 patients with multiple sclerosis: however, they can also be used in other radiologic tasks. >
Early Outcomes After Extracardiac Conduit Fontan Operation Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with a systemic inflammatory response. The authors hypothesized that avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass would lead to improved postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing the extracardiac Fontan operation, the final stage in surgical palliation of univentricular congenital heart defects. A review of the Children's Heart Center Database showed a total of 73 patients who underwent an initial Fontan operation at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford between 1 November 2001 and 1 November 2006. These patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 26) and those who avoided cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 47). Preoperative demographics, hemodynamics, and early postoperative outcomes were analyzed. The two groups had comparable preoperative demographic characteristics and hemodynamics except that the average weight of the off-bypass group was greater (17.9 ± 9.1 vs 14.2 ± 2.7 kg; P = 0.01). Intraoperatively, the off-bypass group trended toward a lower rate of Fontan fenestration (4.3 vs 19.2%; P = 0.09), had lower common atrial pressures (4.6 ± 1.4 vs 5.5 ± 1.5 mmHg; P = 0.05), and Fontan pressures (11.9 ± 2.1 vs 14.2 ± 2.4 mmHg; P ≤ 0.01), and required less blood product (59.1 ± 37.6 vs 91.9 ± 49.4 ml/kg; P ≤ 0.01). Postoperatively, there were no significant differences in hemodynamic parameters, postoperative colloid requirements, duration of mechanical ventilation, volume or duration of pleural drainage, or duration of cardiovascular intensive care unit or hospital stay. Avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass influenced intraoperative hemodynamics and the incidence of fenestration but did not have a significant impact on the early postoperative outcomes of children undergoing the Fontan procedure.
Distributed incremental interference avoidance

We investigate practical methods of distributed interference avoidance where users iteratively adapt their codewords in response to global feedback from the receiver. In turn, the receiver adaptively tracks user codewords and offers a reasonable alternative to feeding back codewords. We introduce variants of standard interference avoidance procedures which produce more easily tracked incremental codewords and study the response of the system to abrupt changes in the interference background as might be encountered in a practical system. Furthermore, the methods we propose are strongly reminiscent of adaptive equalization for which a large body of knowledge and hardware expertise exist.
Immediate and long-term psychological problems for survivors of severe pediatric electrical injury

OBJECTIVE: To compare psychological difficulties experienced during the initial acute hospitalization and the last follow up visit for children with electrical injuries (EI) and children without electrical injuries (non-EI). We hypothesized that children with electrical burns would have different psychological outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective study compared emotional and cognitive functioning of EI patients and a matched group of survivors of other burns. RESULTS: Medical records of 67 patients with and without EI were reviewed. For the EI group, the mean age at injury was 12.6±3.9 years, the mean age at follow up was 15.5±4.6 years, and mean TBSA 32±21%. For the Non-EI group, the mean age at injury was 12.4±3.9 years, the mean age at follow up was 14.5±4.7 years, and mean TBSA 32±21.5%. During the acute hospitalization, a significant difference was found between the groups in the area of neuropathic pain (Chi-square tests pCONCLUSIONS: Some differences were evident between the groups immediately after injury; however, long term outcomes were similar. Language: en
Abstract 18780: Down-regulation of BMPR2 in Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Lung Fibrosis

Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a disorder affecting the vasculature of the lung. A highly prevalent form of PH is that associated with underlying chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, little is known about the mechanisms that drive the development of PH secondary to chronic lung diseases. Loss of function mutations in bone morphogenic protein receptor (BMPR) 2 have been strongly linked to familial and non-familial cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In PAH, loss of function BMPR2 mutations lead to pronounced vascular remodeling and increased responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle cells to the pro-fibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. In addition, the loss of BMPR2 function in vascular smooth muscle cells abrogates the anti-proliferative effects of BMP ligands by altering downstream Smad signaling pathways. Our hypothesis is that BMPR2 is down-regulated in PH secondary to lung fibrosis. Usin...
Do Independent Analysts Provide Superior Stock Recommendations

Many investors were upset with the losses they experienced by following the recommendations of stock analysts during the recent market downturn. Allegations that these recommendations were often tainted by investment banking relationships fueled their anger. This study examines the investment performance of stock recommendations made by analysts employed by lead underwriters as compared to analysts independent of investment banking. The results indicate that during the 1994-2003 time period, affiliated analysts offered inferior investment advice for all recommendation categories except Sell. The paper then examines possible causes and finds that investment banking conflict of interest is a more complete explanation than a selection bias.
Digital Divide to Digital Dividend

This chapter examines the nature and causes of the global digital divide and discusses two networks that are aimed to bridge such divide. We critically evaluate the Global Trade Point Network (GTPNet) of the World Trade Point Federation and Little Intelligent Communities (LINCOS) of Latin America. The GTPNet's trade point program helps SMEs to adopt international e-commerce by bringing participants in foreign trade transactions together to provide all required services at a reasonable cost. LINCOS are telecenters that are satellite-operated, solar-powered and equipped with HP hardware and peripherals which allow Internet connections and a broad range of services for rural people. The chapter concludes with lessons learned and policy implications.
Schistosoma mansoni in St. Lucian and Kenyan communities--a comparative study using the Kato stool examination technique.

Quantitative Kato thick smears were prepared from the stools of about two-thirds of the population of La Caye village in St. Lucia. Sixty-two % were found to be infected with Schistosoma mansoni and the arithmetic mean of egg output of the 365 persons examined was 311 per gram of faeces. In a comparable village survey in Kenya, a prevalence of 82% among 416 people was found, with an arithmetic mean of 499 per gram of faeces.In Kenya children were infected at an early age and peak prevalence in both sexes was in the 10–19 and 30–39 year age groups in Kenya and St. Lucia, respectively.The study provides no evidence that in St. Lucia S. mansoni intensities of infection are low, as previously suggested. The rate of hepatosplenomegaly in endemic areas appears to be similar in both countries.
Self-employment, entrepreneurship, and the NLSY79

The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) is used to study self-employment and entrepreneurship among young adults. Previous studies using the NLSY79 concluded that self-employment rates increased as participants aged. Additionally, Hispanic and Black males, as well as women, were less likely to be self-employed. Having a previous incarceration will slightly increase the likelihood of self-employment. The NLSY79 also allows for the measurement of self-employment dynamics, including, for example, measures of transitions to and from self-employment, number of years of self-employment, and whether an individual ever attempts self-employment. Estimates for transition matrices show great mobility among young workers. Earning patterns are also measured using the data. Self-employment earnings by men in the NLSY79 indicate a higher average income over wage and salary workers. Estimates of returns to capital, earnings regressions, and earnings profiles for the self-employed and other workers are also determined. Data from the NLSY79 can therefore be used to analyze job satisfaction, net worth, and correlations between self-employment and wage and salary income. (NEE)
Electrochemistry and Current Control in Surface Films Based on Silica-Azure Redox Nanoparticles, Carbon Nanotubes, Enzymes, and Polyelectrolytes

The redox active nanoparticles were developed by covalently attaching redox dye Azure C (AZU) to commercial silica nanoparticles (SN) via the silylated amine and glutaric dialdehyde links. The SN-AZU nanoparticles were studied as redox mediators for the oxidation of reduced β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in two polymeric films. The first film (F1) was composed of SN-AZU, carbon nanotubes, and cationic polyelectrolyte chitosan. The second film (F2) contained also added enzyme glucose dehydrogenase and its cofactor β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The films F1 and F2 were cast on the glassy carbon electrodes, covered with an anionic polyelectrolyte Nafion, and their electrochemical properties were probed with NADH and glucose, respectively, using voltammetry, amperometry, and potentiometry. The Nafion overcoat reduced the sensitivity of F1/Nafion film electrodes to NADH by >98%. In contrast, depending on the concentration of Nafion, the sensitivity of the F2/Nafion film electrodes (re...
Quantitation of platelet aggregation in myeloproliferative disorders.

Platelet aggregation studies with adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and epinephrine were performed using plasma from 21 patients with various myeloproliferative disorders. The curves were quantitated by measuring several variables and comparing them with values in specimens from a group of normal subjects. In plasma specimens from patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, primary thrombocythemia, or polycythemia vera, aggregation with epinephrine was strikingly abnormal. Lesser abnormalities of aggregation were found in plasma of patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia. Severe deficiencies of aggregation were evident on gross inspection; it remains to be seen whether this type of quantitation will be clinically useful.
AB1331 The impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on employment loss from a population-based cohort

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominantly develops in younger age groups, when many are establishing themselves in the workforce. The development of a chronic, autoimmune condition during this period can have a devastating impact on employment. Objectives To determine the impact of SLE on employment loss from a large, population-based cohort. Methods The source of data was from the 2011 annual patient-reported survey of the Georgians Organized Against Lupus (GOAL), an ongoing population-based cohort of patients with validated SLE in Atlanta, Georgia assembled from the Georgia Lupus Registry (GLR). The GLR is supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and designed to more accurately estimate the incidence and prevalence of SLE. In partnership with the state health department, the GLR was able to access protected health information without patient consent from hospitals (20), rheumatologists (35), nephrologists (10), dermatologists (20), commercial labs, and population databases. The GOAL cohort aims to assess the physical, psychological and socio-economic burden of SLE utilizing validated instruments. GOAL participants were surveyed between August and November of 2011 for this analysis. Employment status at time of SLE diagnosis and survey completion was assessed to define employment loss. Among those employed at SLE diagnosis, logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between socio-demographic factors and employment loss by the time of the 2011 survey. Employment loss was defined as receiving disability benefits (private or Social Security) or being unemployed if younger than 65. Results 512 SLE patients were surveyed with a mean age of 47.3 (SD 13.4), 14.4 (SD 9.1) years of disease, and 14.2 (SD 2.9) years of education. 93.2% were female, 75.9% were black and 15.9% white. 3 Asians and 16 with unknown race were not included in the multivariate analysis. At the time of SLE diagnosis, 390 (76.2%) were working and 31(6.1%) were unemployed or retired. Among the 390 who were working at diagnosis, 109 (27.9%) were still working at survey completion (median time since diagnosis=12.7 years, IQR 8.5-19.4), while 47 (12.1%) were unemployed and 176 (45.1%) were receiving disability benefits. The median times from SLE diagnosis to employment loss and from employment loss to survey completion were 3.2 years (IQR 0.1-9.8) and 7.1 years (IQR 3.1-13.1), respectively. The remaining 58 were retired, a homemaker, student, unemployed ≥65 of age, or unable to classify. Conclusions SLE has profound impact on employment. Black race, older age at diagnosis and lower education were associated with job loss. Additional study of factors that impact employment is warranted. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Exploration of deep web repositories

With the proliferation of online repositories (e.g., databases or document corpora) hidden behind proprietary web interfaces, e.g., keyword-/form-based search and hierarchical/graph-based browsing interfaces, efficient ways of exploring contents in such hidden repositories are of increasing importance.There are two key challenges: one on the proper understanding of interfaces, and the other on the efficient exploration, e.g., crawling, sampling and analytical processing, of very large repositories. In this tutorial, we focus on the fundamental developments in the field, including web interface understanding, crawling, sampling, and data analytics over web repositories with various types of interfaces and containing structured or unstructured data. Our goal is to encourage audience to initiate their own research in these exciting areas.
An American Book of the Dead: Media and the Unconscious in Vineland

Vineland is primarily concerned with how film, television and computer technologies shape not only contemporary experience but also the novel itself as a literary form that must inscribe and reflect upon the effects these media produce. Vineland offers a Janus-faced view of America in the 1980s: it looks back to a period when social revolution "went blending into commerce" and "the highest state of the analogue arts [was] soon to be eclipsed by digital technology" (VI 308); and it looks forward, on the technological horizon, to a media assemblage in which all information is digital and mediated through the computer interface. In the meantime, Vineland's present is defined by a contemporary media assemblage much like what Friedrich Kittler calls a "partially connected media system."
A theory of family employee involvement during resource paucity

Abstract All organizations experience resource paucity at some point in their life-cycles. In this paper, we derive a human resource theory of family employee involvement in the family enterprise when it experiences resource paucity. We use a combination of social identity and stewardship theories to explain why family employees provide a competitive advantage to the family enterprise in such situations. Our paper contributes to ongoing theory development in familiness by showing that family identification and stewardship behaviors during resource paucity differentiate family and non-family employees. These differences explain the higher odds of survival among family enterprises facing resource paucity compared to non-family ones.
Insights Into Collaborative Networks Of Nonprofit, Private, And Public Organizations That Address Complex Health Issues

Community networks that include nonprofit, public, and private organizations have formed around many health issues, such as chronic disease management and healthy living and eating. Despite the increases in the numbers of and funding for cross-sector networks, and the growing literature about them, there are limited data and methods that can be used to assess their effectiveness and analyze their designs. We addressed this gap in knowledge by analyzing the characteristics of 260 cross-sector community health networks that collectively consisted of 7,816 organizations during the period 2008–15. We found that nonprofit organizations were more prevalent than private firms or government agencies in these networks. Traditional types of partners in community health networks such as hospitals, community health centers, and public health agencies were the most trusted and valued by other members of their networks. However, nontraditional partners, such as employer or business groups and colleges or universities, ...
Size and volatility of particle emissions from an ethanol-fueled HCCI engine

ABSTRACTA scanning mobility particle sizer was used to determine the size, number, and mass concentration of particle emissions from an ethanol-fueled homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. Semi-volatile particle composition was characterized using tandem differential mobility analysis (TDMA). Variable temperature thermal conditioning was used to gain insight into particle volatility and a catalytic stripper was used to determine the solid particle distribution. Four engine conditions were evaluated, including low to moderate range loads and motoring (deceleration, coasting). Results indicated that aerosol from a fully premixed HCCI engine under firing conditions is formed almost entirely via nucleation of semi-volatile material originating from the lubricating oil. TDMA analysis indicated 98% of total particle volume evaporated below 100°C. Results pointed towards homogeneous nucleation of precursors derived from the organic species in the lubricating oil, possibly in combination with a s...
Carbon Nanotube Coated Conductors

A novel approach based on conventional solution-coating and wire-drawing processes has been employed for the production of carbon nanotube (CNT) coated conductors. The solution process employs a mesoscopic building block, a CNT fibril dispersion formed in acid from forest-grown, long-length multiwall CNTs, to help bridge the transition from nanomaterials to thick, highly aligned technical coatings. The coatings are formed onto a roughened copper wire former through dip-coating. The roughened surface provides for mechanical attachment between the CNT coating and copper wire core that allows for the composite to be wire-drawn while wet to further shape, densify, and align the CNT coating. The wet chemistry approach offered a facile integration of different CNT and dopant types in the CNT coatings. For the specific process described here, it was observed that the CNT coatings were simultaneously doped with acid and copper nanoparticles. Coated wires were produced with conductivities on par with copper but in...
Coda—The Good of Story in The Road

The book’s coda turns to McCarthy’s late novel The Road, which concerns a father and son, starkly designated as “the man” and “the boy,” as they journey south through a shattered, inhospitable world. Throughout the novel the narrative voice often merges with the father’s consciousness, granting readers a window upon the father’s inner effort to discover value or meaning and “seek out the upright” in an apparently meaningless world. In part, the man relies for his moral compass upon the good of story, and orients himself by summoning up texts from his former life, such as Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov, The Book of Job, and the moral fable of Baucis and Philemon recounted in the Roman Silver Age epic poem Ovid’s Metamorphoses. These intertexts may be writ small, but they mean large. It might be judged of McCarthy, as Dr. Samuel Johnson once judged of Milton, that his art has the power to carve a colossus even on a cherrystone. Like the man’s choicest, most felicitous recollection from his childhood, the novel teaches us, these tales and other like them are, after all, what remains to us “to shape the days upon.”
Christopher Beeley, The Unity of Christ

It is always exciting to read the retelling of a familiar narrative, whether it is of the early life of Shakespeare, the political careers of Washington and Jefferson, or the story of the development of the classic Christian understanding of the person of Jesus Christ during the first seven or eight centuries of Christianity. In this last case, the reader feels liberated from the weight of inherited pieties, invited to look again at the existing documentation with fresh eyes, urged to reconceive what he imagines to be the implied agenda of the main actors, and their significance for the later history of Christian faith. Christopher Beeley's new book from Yale certainly has this effect on those trained by earlier tellings of the story of early Christology, from Newman to Harnack and Loofs, to Sellers and Grillmeier and Kelly. The heroes and villains, characteristic phrases and defining moments of heresy and orthodoxy, all take on a slightly new form in Christopher's reconstruction – a form centred on the question of how the personal and ontological unity of the Saviour is conceived and emphasised by key Christian authors and principal church synods from the third to the eighth centuries.
Synchronization for multi-perspective videos in the wild

In the era of social media, a large number of user-generated videos are uploaded to the Internet every day, capturing events all over the world. Reconstructing the event truth based on information mined from these videos has been an emerging challenging task. Temporal alignment of videos “in the wild” which capture different moments at different positions with different perspectives is the critical step. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical approach to synchronize videos. Our system utilizes clustered audio-signatures to align video pairs. Global alignment for all videos is then achieved via forming alignable video groups with self-paced learning. Experiments on the Boston Marathon dataset show that the proposed method achieves excellent precision and robustness.
Machine Learning Based DDoS Attack Detection from Source Side in Cloud

Denial of service (DOS) attacks are a serious threat to network security. These attacks are often sourced from virtual machines in the cloud, rather than from the attacker's own machine, to achieve anonymity and higher network bandwidth. Past research focused on analyzing traffic on the destination (victim's) side with predefined thresholds. These approaches have significant disadvantages. They are only passive defenses after the attack, they cannot use the outbound statistical features of attacks, and it is hard to trace back to the attacker with these approaches. In this paper, we propose a DOS attack detection system on the source side in the cloud, based on machine learning techniques. This system leverages statistical information from both the cloud server's hypervisor and the virtual machines, to prevent network packages from being sent out to the outside network. We evaluate nine machine learning algorithms and carefully compare their performance. Our experimental results show that more than 99.7% of four kinds of DOS attacks are successfully detected. Our approach does not degrade performance and can be easily extended to broader DOS attacks.
A Proteomics Survey of Junín Virus Interactions with Human Proteins Reveals Host Factors Required for Arenavirus Replication.

Arenaviruses are negative-strand, enveloped RNA viruses that cause significant human disease. In particular, Junin mammarenavirus (JUNV) is the etiologic agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. At present, little is known about the cellular proteins that the arenavirus matrix protein (Z) hijacks to accomplish its various functions, including driving the process of virus release. Furthermore, there is little knowledge regarding host proteins incorporated into arenavirus particles and their importance for virion function. To address these deficiencies, we used mass spectrometry to identify human proteins that (i) interact with the JUNV matrix protein inside cells or within virus-like particles (VLPs) and/or (ii) are incorporated into bona fide JUNV strain Candid#1 particles. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that multiple classes of human proteins were overrepresented in the data sets, including ribosomal proteins, Ras superfamily proteins, and endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins. Several of these proteins were required for the propagation of JUNV (ADP ribosylation factor 1 [ARF1], ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 38-kDa, V0 subunit d1 [ATP6V0D1], and peroxiredoxin 3 [PRDX3]), lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus (LCMV) (Rab5c), or both viruses (ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, beta polypeptide [ATP5B] and IMP dehydrogenase 2 [IMPDH2]). Furthermore, we show that the release of infectious JUNV particles, but not LCMV particles, requires a functional ESCRT pathway and that ATP5B and IMPDH2 are required for JUNV budding. In summary, we have provided a large-scale map of host machinery that associates with JUNV and identified key human proteins required for its propagation. This data set provides a resource for the field to guide antiviral target discovery and to better understand the biology of the arenavirus matrix protein and the importance of host proteins for virion function.IMPORTANCE Arenaviruses are deadly human pathogens for which there are no U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved vaccines and only limited treatment options. Little is known about the host proteins that are incorporated into arenavirus particles or that associate with its multifunctional matrix protein. Using Junin mammarenavirus (JUNV), the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, as a model organism, we mapped the human proteins that are incorporated into JUNV particles or that associate with the JUNV matrix protein. Functional analysis revealed host machinery that is required for JUNV propagation, including the cellular ESCRT pathway. This study improves our understanding of critical arenavirus-host interactions and provides a data set that will guide future studies to better understand arenavirus pathogenesis and identify novel host proteins that can be therapeutically targeted.
Integrated control of highway traffic flow

Several efforts have been made during recent years on the control of traffic flow using ramp metering, variable speed limit and lane change control. Most of these techniques reported significant tr...
Opiate/Opioid Withdrawal

Opiates are naturally occurring substances (morphine, opium and codeine) while opioids are synthesized (heroin, oxycodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, buprenorphine, methadone). They are prescribed worldwide to treat acute and chronic pain, diarrhea and cough. Their euphoric, sedating and anxiolytic effects make them common substances of abuse and approximately three million people in the United States and 16 million world-wide have a current or past opiate use disorder. Withdrawal typically occurs between 6–48 h after cessation of use with longer acting substances (e.g., methadone) causing a more delayed withdrawal. While intoxication and iatrogenic reversal can be life-threatening, natural withdrawal is not, requiring supportive care only.
Elasticity of CaTiO 3 –CaSiO 3 perovskites

Polycrystalline specimens in the CaTiO3–CaSiO3 perovskite system have been hot-pressed in a 2000-ton uniaxial split-sphere apparatus (USSA-2000) at pressures up to 15 GPa and temperature of 1550°C, for the compositions CaTiO3, Ca(Ti0.75Si0.25)O3, Ca(Ti0.5Si0.5)O3. For the specimens with the bulk densities within 1% of the X-ray density, compressional and shear wave velocity measurements have been conducted using ultrasonic interferometry. The measured adiabatic bulk moduli (K s ) for the CaTiO3 and Ca(Ti0.5Si0.5)O3 perovskites are 175(1) and 188(1) GPa and shear moduli (G) of 106(1) and 109(1) GPa. In situ X-ray diffraction studies at high pressure and temperature resulted in isothermal values for K 0 of 170(5) and 185(5) GPa, respectively. For the unquenchable CaSiO3 perovskite, elasticity theory and systematics were used to predict K 0=212(7) GPa and G 0=112(5) GPa; this shear modulus is 37% less than that for (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite, suggesting that CaSiO3 perovskite cannot be ignored in modeling the composition of the Earth’s lower mantle.
Formation of aromatic amine free radicals by prostaglandin hydroperoxidase and peroxyl radicals: analysis by ESR and stable end products

Arachidonic acid (AA) is converted into a number of biologically active metabolites, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxane and leukotrienes via either the cyclo-oxygenase or lipoxygenase pathways (Pace-Asciak et al., 1983). Prostaglandin H synthase (PHS) is the initial enzyme in the cyclo-oxygenase pathway which commits AA to the formation of prostaglandins (Fig. 1.1). Two catalytic activities copurify with PHS, cyclo-oxygenase and peroxidase (Miyamoto et al., 1976). The cyclooxygenase catalyses the addition of two moles of oxygen to one mole of AA forming a cyclic endoperoxide hydroperoxide, prostaglandin (PG) G2. The peroxidase subsequently reduces the hydroperoxide to the corresponding alcohol, PGH2. PGH2 is then converted into a variety of other prostanoid metabolites, including thromboxanes, prostacyclin, and PGs E2 and F2α.
Language of Legal Texts

Authoritative legal texts can perform a variety of transactions, such as legislating by means of a statute, transferring property at death by a will, or setting forth the terms of an agreement in a contract. Such texts are usually executed or enacted via prescribed formalities. They tend to have a predictable and formulaic structure. In addition, they are usually written in legalese and in a highly autonomous style. As a consequence, judges are inclined to interpret legal texts in a relatively literal way, although there is a growing tendency to consider external evidence of the author's intentions.
Nonlinear Waves in an Inhomogeneous Plasma

The foregoing accounts were concerned with nonlinear waves in a homogeneous plasma. It may be noted that nonlinear waves get modified in an essential way in an inhomogeneous plasma. For instance, the amplitude, width, and propagation velocity of an ion-acoustic solitary wave will change as the latter moves in an inhomogeneous plasma (Nishikawa and Kaw [194], John and Saxena [195], Rao and Varma [196], Shivamoggi [197, 198], Kuehl [199, 200], Chang et al. [201]). Another essential effect of plasma inhomogeneity is that often the instabilities become convective and the matching of selection rules for resonant wave-wave interactions is destroyed in a distance short compared with effective growth lengths (Chakraborty [202, 203], Rosenbluth et al. [204, 205], Pesme et al. [206], Liu et al. [207], Lee and Kaw [208], Pramanik [209], Grebogi and Liu [210], Lindegren et al. [211]). Here, we will give a brief discussion of the propagation characteristics of ion-acoustic solitary waves in an inhomogeneous plasma. For the other effects of plasma inhomogeneity on nonlinear waves, we refer the reader to the original literature cited above.
Design and Demonstration of (AlxGal-x) 2 O 3 /Ga 2 O 3 Double Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor (DHFET)

We report on the first demonstration of (AlxGal-x) 2 O 3 /Ga 2 O 3 double heterostructure field effect transistor using modulation doping. $\beta$ -phase Ga 2 O 3 has emerged as a promising candidate for a wide range of device applications, including power electronic devices, radio-frequency devices and solar-blind photodetectors. The wide bandgap energy and the predicted high breakdown field, together with the availability of low-cost native substrates, make $\beta$ -Ga 2 O 3 a promising material compared to other conventional wide bandgap materials, such as GaN and SiC. The use of bulk-doped $\beta$ -Ga203 channels makes it challenging to achieve device scaling. Recently, (AlxGal-x) 2 O 3 /Ga 2 O 3 modulation doped field effect transistor structures were demonstrated as a promising candidate for electronic device applications, showing the ability to improve channel mobility, and at the same time, achieve vertical scaling. High 2DEG charge density could potentially lead to better screening of the polar-optical phonon scattering at room temperature and therefore significantly enhance the electron mobility. However, the 2DEG density that can be confined in the modulation-doped structures without the introduction of parallel channels is limited by the conduction band offset at the hetero-interface and the spacer layer thickness. In this work, a modulation-doped double heterostructure field effect transistors (DHFET) is employed to further enhance the confined 2DEG density. Its electrical characterization will be discussed in this work.
High Resolution Calorimetry on μMole Samples of 4He Near Tλ

We describe a technique for performing high resolution calorimetry on samples with very small heat capacity (∼10μJ/K). This involves using ac calorimetry, in which the sample is subjected to temperature oscillations, with simultaneous dc regulation of the average temperature. This method works well for small samples of4He, where adiabatic calorimetry would be impossible. We study the frequency response of our system using a modified Sullivan-Seidel equation, which allows for small temperature inhomogeneities at high frequencies. These procedures enable one to obtain heat capacity data possessing a high degree of absolute accuracy.
The Use of Remote and Traditional Faciliation to Evaluate Telesimulation to Support Interprofessional Education and Processing in Healthcare Simulation Training

This pilot study appraised traditional versus remote facilitation via telesimulation for an established interprofessional training at two geographically separate sites. Participant feedback was captured via 5- point Likert scale surveys. Results demonstrate learners supported the use of remote facilitation: to meet the interprofessional learning objectives, as an adequate replacement for live facilitation and to implement simulation education in low-resource or low-facilitator areas. Improvements were suggested for audio connectivity between participants. In conclusion, the program evaluation suggests that telesimulation, with remote and traditional facilitation, is an effective strategy to provide interprofessional simulation education. Improvements identified are to standardize the set-up of audio/visual technology and tailor participant orientation to encourage meaningful dialogue between sites.