cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sonographic inferior vena cava measurements to assess hydration status in college football players during preseason camp.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine whether sonographic measurement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in college football players during preseason camp is a reliable way to detect and monitor dehydration. Our primary hypothesis was that IVC diameter measurements, the postpractice caval index, and expiratory diameter were significantly related to percent weight loss after a preseason football practice. METHODS A prospective cohort sample of Division I intercollegiate football players in preseason training camp was recruited before practice. All football players on the active roster who were at least 18 years of age were eligible to participate in the study. Sonographic IVC measurements were obtained in the long axis using either the subcostal or subxiphoid approach during inspiration and expiration both before and after an approximately 3-hour practice with moderate to high levels of exertion at high ambient temperatures. Player weights were recorded in the locker room before and after practice. RESULTS A total of 27 prepractice and postpractice sonographic measurements were obtained. The postpractice expiratory IVC diameter was significantly related to percent weight loss after practice (R(2) = 0.153; P = .042), with the IVC diameter being significantly inversely correlated with percent weight loss; the regression coefficient was -1.07 (95% confidence interval, -2.09 to -0.04). There was no statistically significant relationship between percent weight loss and the postpractice caval index; the regression coefficient was 0.245 (95% confidence interval, -0.10 to 0.59; R(2) = 0.078; P = .16). CONCLUSIONS The postpractice expiratory IVC diameter was significantly related to percent weight loss after practice, whereas the caval index was not found to correlate with weight loss.
Client-server synchronization and buffering for variable rate multimedia retrievals

We consider the use of large buffers and feedback as a mechanism to maintain loosely coupled synchronization between a multimedia server and a client. The multimedia stream is modeled as a fluid flow through rate controlled valves and buffers with multiple thresholds. These thresholds are used to control the rates upstream. The quality of service for the multimedia connection is characterized in terms of the jitter in the received media stream due to buffer underflow and overflow. This quality of service is used to exercise rate and admission control in the presence of congestion. The feedback mechanism is, implemented in GRAMS (gopher-style real time ATM multimedia system), an adaptive multimedia client-server system. Experimental statistics are gathered for the purpose of traffic engineering. We employ a fluid flow and first passage time analysis to understand the traffic process through the pipelines and the buffers and to estimate the amount of signaling required by the feedback mechanism.
Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of COPD

Study objectives The clinical outcomes and health-carecosts of a cohort of 413 patients with COPD are reported. Design This study was a retrospective pharmacoeconomicanalysis. Setting University teaching hospital andaffiliated clinics. Patients COPD patients with anFEV1 Interventions Health-care resource utilization and costswere identified through chart review and were stratified according tothe severity of COPD using the American Thoracic Society stages I, II,and III. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was a cost-of-illness evaluationthat included the acquisition costs of initially prescribed pulmonarydrugs, acquisition cost of pulmonary drugs added during the follow-upperiod, oxygen therapy, laboratory and diagnostic test costs, clinicvisit costs, and emergency department and hospital costs. Results Total treatment cost was highly correlated withdisease severity, with stage I COPD having the lowest cost ($1,681 perpatient per year), stage III COPD having the highest cost ($10,812 perpatient per year), and stage II COPD having a cost intermediate tostage I and stage III ($5,037 per patient per year). With the exceptionof add-on drug acquisition cost, all cost variables were the highest instage III COPD, the lowest in stage I COPD, and intermediate in stageII COPD. Hospitalization was the most important cost variable for allthree stages of COPD severity. When stratified by both disease severityand initial bronchodilator drug selection, ipratropium alone in stage ICOPD patients and the combination of ipratropium plus a β-agonist(with or without steroid therapy) in stage II and stage III COPDpatients had the lowest total costs. Reasons for the lower total costof the ipratropium and ipratropium plus β-agonist treatment groupsincluded lower add-on drug costs, fewer diagnostic and laboratorytests, and a lower utilization rate for clinic visits, emergencydepartment visits, and hospitalizations. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a strong correlation between disease severityand total treatment cost in COPD. In addition, the type ofbronchodilator therapy impacts total cost in COPD. In stage I COPD,ipratropium alone had the lowest total cost, while in stage II andstage III COPD, a combination of ipratropium plus a β-agonist had thelowest total cost. These data support the concept that adherence topublished treatment guidelines will result in lower health-care costsdue to COPD.
Detecting effects of low levels of cytochalasin B in 3T3 fibroblast cultures by analysis of electrical noise obtained from cellular micromotion

We performed micromotion experiments using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) on a confluent layer of 3T3 fibroblasts exposed to different low levels of the toxin cytochalasin B. This toxin is know to affect actin polymerization and to disrupt cytoskeletal structure and function in cells, changing the morphology of confluent cell cultures and altering the nature of the cellular micromotion, which is measured by ECIS as changes in impedance. By looking at several measures to characterize the long- and short-term correlations in the noise of the impedance time series, we are able to detect the effects of the toxin at concentrations down to 1 μM; there are intriguing hints that the effects may be discernible at levels as low as 0.1 μM. These measures include the power spectrum, the Hurst and detrended-fluctuation-analysis exponents, and the first zero and first 1/e crossings of the autocorrelation function. While most published work with ECIS uses only average impedance values, we demonstrate that noise analysis provides a more sensitive probe.
Focused Professional Performance Evaluation of a Radiologist—A Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and Joint Commission Requirement

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services require that all physicians undergo periodic performance evaluation to maintain hospital privileges. This evaluation is achieved through a screening ongoing professional practice evaluation, typically performed at 8-month intervals. When any concerns are raised through this evaluation, for all newly appointed physicians seeking hospital privileges or for physicians seeking privileges for new procedures, a focused professional practice evaluation must be undertaken. Although not well defined for any group of physicians, the process is especially challenging in the radiology environment, given the lack of a template for performing such an evaluation and ever-growing spectrum of diagnostic and image-guided procedures. The purpose of this review is to describe the requirements and various components of an focused professional practice evaluation process, as well as to provide examples of initiating events and suggestions for managing such events. Challenges inherent in the peer review process are also addressed.
V Steady Stokes Flow in Exterior Domains

In this chapter we shall analyze the Stokes problem in an exterior domain. Specifically, assuming that the region of flow Ω is a domain coinciding with the complement of a compact set (not necessarily connected) we wish to establish existence, uniqueness, and the validity of corresponding estimates for the velocity field v and the pressure field p of a steady flow in Ω governed by the Stokes approximation, i.e.
Network biology in medicine and beyond.

In the past decade, we have witnessed great advances in high-throughput genomic and proteomic profiling technologies, such as DNA microarrays, next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry–based proteomics and metabolomics. These advances, capable of generating massive amounts of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data, provide new opportunities to understand human diseases, identify potential biomarkers, and develop new treatments.1 This data-intensive paradigm has fundamentally transformed biomedical science and holds great promise for the betterment of human health.2 These high-throughput biotechnologies have also heightened the challenges of how to distill biological knowledge and novel insights from the sea of data. New computational approaches and statistical models are needed to effectively model and better interpret these high-dimensional, multiplatform data.1 Reductionism has led to tremendous success in molecular biology: we can now zoom in to study each individual genes or proteins, being able to study their composition and aberrations at the resolution of single nucleotide or amino acid and inquire their structural and chemical properties. However, genes and proteins in cells do not work in isolation: they communicate and coordinate with each other to carry out various biological functions. Systems approaches have become an important and promising alternative to unravel the mechanisms that orchestrate the activities of genes and proteins in cells. Systems approaches are particularly valuable to study complex diseases like cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Unlike many Mendelian diseases, where we can often pinpoint genetic culprits in single or a few genes, causes of complex diseases are multifaceted, involving various molecular aberrations and environmental factors.3 This complexity is further amplified by the interconnected nature of the biomolecules in the cells, which propagates these aberrations or erroneous signals throughout the system, thus posing a great challenge to elucidate the true causes and underlying mechanisms. Biological networks provide a conceptual and intuitive framework …
Approximate Bayesian inference for reconstructing velocities of migrating birds from weather radar

Archived data from the WSR-88D network of weather radars in the US hold detailed information about the continent-scale migratory movements of birds over the last 20 years. However, significant technical challenges must be overcome to understand this information and harness its potential for science and conservation. We present an approximate Bayesian inference algorithm to reconstruct the velocity fields of birds migrating in the vicinity of a radar station. This is part of a larger project to quantify bird migration at large scales using weather radar data.
Opening STEM Careers to American Indians

This chapter provides an account of science and technology education for American Indians. It begins with a section on the history of higher education for American Indians and is followed by a section on American Indian higher education today. Both of these sections include material about the tribal colleges and universities. The chapter closes with sections on science and technology education for American Indians, and on computing at the tribal colleges.
Psychological Distress, Couple Interactions, and Parenting: A Dyadic Analysis of African American Couples

Parental depression is a well-established risk factor for couple conflict and ineffective or hostile parenting (M. C. Lovejoy, P. A. Graczyk, E. O'Hare, & G. Neuman, 2000; L. M. Papp, M. C. Goeke-Morey, & E. M. Cummings, 2007). Although research suggests that caregiver depression may impact parenting indirectly via increased conflict between couples (e.g., R. D. Conger et al., 2002), few studies take into account the behaviors of both caregivers in exploring these relations. The goal of the current study is to employ an actor–partner mediator model to examine the complex relations among psychological distress, negative couple interactions, and parenting. Using a sample of 162 African American couples with children, we find evidence that the psychological distress of each caregiver has an effect on couple interactions for both men and women. The effects from each caregivers' distress to parenting are mainly indirect through the interactional behaviors of the mother toward the father, consistent with the father vulnerability hypothesis (e.g., E. M. Cummings, M. Goeke-Morey, & J. Raymond, 2004).
Biological valorization strategies for converting lignin into fuels and chemicals

Abstract Lignin is a complex phenylpropanoid biopolymer conferring mechanical strength to plant cell walls. Biorefineries, along with pulp and paper industry, generate large quantities of lignin. Lignin valorization is an essential process for an advanced, sustainable, and economical biomass-based industry. However, converting lignin into value-added products remains a challenge due to its heterogeneity and irregular structure. Many wild microorganisms have evolved complex metabolic and enzyme systems for lignin degradation and conversion. Great efforts have been made to explore their potentials for lignin valorization. This paper reviews the recent development in biological conversion of lignin into value-added products. It also covers potential catabolic pathways, exploration of new lignin degradation systems, and lignin consolidated bioprocessing (Lignin CBP).
The aesthetic turn

Mark C. Taylor, Columbia University Mark C. Taylor holds a PhD in Religion from Harvard University and a Doktorgrad in Philosophy from the University of Copenhagen. He is the author of many books in diverse fields and is currently in the Religion Department at Columbia University.
Creating a common terminology for play behavior to increase cross-disciplinary research.

Historically, play behavior has been difficult to define. This likely stems from the number of different species, types of play, and context under which it occurs. In 2016, the Chicago Zoological Society – Brookfield Zoo hosted the Psychonomic Society leading edge workshop on the evolutionary and psychological significance of play. Sixteen experts attended from the diverse fields of African ethnology, animal behavior, animal science, animal welfare, cognitive psychology, cognitive zoology, comparative psychology, cultural anthropology, developmental psychology, educational psychology, ethology, neuroscience, primatology, and zoology. Approximately half of the participants studied human play and the other half studied non-human play. Before the workshop, participants were asked to send in either their personal definition of play or the one that they cite in peer-reviewed literature. Definitions were then reviewed to determine characteristics of play inclusive of all disciplines. The goal of the current study was not to do a literature review on play behavior, but to come up with a list of characteristics across all forms of play that could be used as a common terminology moving forward. Hopefully the results of this workshop and the current article will help to increase cross-disciplinary research in the field of play.
MicroRNAs: Roles in Regulating Neuroinflammation:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that broadly affect cellular and physiological function in all multicellular organisms. Here, the role of miRNAs in neuroinflammation is considered. miRNAs are 21- to 23-oligonucleotide RNAs that regulate translation of specific RNAs by binding to complementary regulatory RNA sequences, thereby causing mRNA degradation or sequestration. More than 5000 miRNAs likely exist in humans, and each miRNA binds an average of 200 RNAs. Specific immunomodulatory miRNAs can regulate a set of RNAs in a coordinated manner, suggesting that effective miRNA-based therapeutic manipulations for neuroinflammatory conditions may be revealed. For instance, miRNAs that preferentially inhibit translation of many cellular anti-inflammatory proteins could drive a pro-inflammatory response. Key pro-inflammatory ( miR-155, miR-27b, miR-326), anti-inflammatory ( miR-124, miR-146a, miR-21, miR-223), and mixed immunomodulatory ( let-7 family) miRNAs regulate neuroinflammation in various pathologies, including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. miRNAs represent a newly revealed layer of physiological complexity, the therapeutic benefits of which remain to be fully explored and exploited. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in neuroinflammatory regulation and discuss how controlling miRNAs could alter cellular machinery to improve neuroinflammatory dynamics.
Anticommuting Variables and Pseudo-classical Mechanics

The analogy between the algebras of operators in the bosonic (Weyl algebra) and fermionic (Clifford algebra) cases can be extended by introducing a fermionic analog of phase space and the Poisson bracket. This gives a fermionic analog of classical mechanics, sometimes called “pseudo-classical mechanics," the quantization of which gives the Clifford algebra as operators, and spinors as state spaces.
Controlled Pd(0)/Ad3P-Catalyzed Suzuki Cross-Coupling Polymerization of AB-Type Monomers with Ad3P-Coordinated Acetanilide-Based Palladacycle Complex as Initiator

Controlled Pd(0)-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling polymerizations of AB-type monomers with tris(1-adamantyl)phosphine (Ad3P) as the ligand was described. Ad3P-coordinated acetanilide-based palladacycle complex (1) was demonstrated to be an efficient initiator for controlled Suzuki cross-coupling polymerization, affording polymers with narrow Đs and well-controlled end groups. Our study provided an efficient ligand and an efficient initiator for controlled Suzuki cross-coupling polymerizations.
STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PRODUCTION : VII. THE EFFECT OF 5-BROMODEOXYURIDINE ON THE IN VITRO ANAMNESTIC ANTIBODY RESPONSE.

Incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) in the culture medium for the 2nd, 3rd, or 4th day after in vitro antigen stimulation of rabbit popliteal lymph node fragments suppressed the in vitro anamnestic antibody response described previously. Before or after this 3-day period, BUDR had no measurable effect. The results suggest that the antibody response in this in vitro system depends upon cell multiplication during this period.
A patient-reported outcome measure for symptoms of AML/MDS.

e17648 Background: Patient report of symptom burden in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is scarce. Symptom burden is the combined impact of disease and treatment symp...
Production and Characterization of Anti-Morphine Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies

Anti-morphine antibodies (AM-Ab’s) have now been generated in rabbits by immunization with 3-0-carboxymethylmorphine-bovine serum albumin (BSA). The polyclonal antibodies (PAb’s) mimicked the opioid binding characteristics of opiate receptors since they bound morphine stereospecifically and with high affinity. Anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id Ab’s) which cross-react with the opiate receptor were produced by immunizing guinea pigs and mice with purified AM-Ab. Guinea pig antisera produced opiate-like responses in the isolated ileal longitudinal muscle and vas deferens preparations. With antisera present the binding of [3H]naloxone to mouse-brain homogenate was reduced. Scatchard analysis indicated that its binding was to two different sites, each affected by antisera. Anti Id antisera administered to mice attenuated biological responses to opiates.
2DOF Control Design for Nanopositioning

This chapter will focus on control systems theoretic analysis and synthesis that significantly expand the range of performance specifications and positioning capabilities of scanning probe microscopes (SPMs).We will present a systems theory framework to study fundamental limitations on the performance of one and two degree-of-freedom (DOF) control designs for nanopositioning systems. In particular, this chapter will present, compare, and analyze optimal-control methods for designing two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) control laws for nanopositioning. The different methods are motivated by various practical scenarios and difficulty in achieving simultaneously multiple performance objectives of resolution, bandwidth, and robustness by tuning-based or shaping of open-loop-plants based designs. The analysis shows that the primary role of feedback is providing robustness to the closed-loop device whereas the feedforward component is mainly effective in overcoming fundamental algebraic constraints that limit the feedback-only designs. Experimental results indicate substantial improvements (over 200% in bandwidth) when compared to optimal feedback-only controllers.
Racial and ethnic disparities in promotion and retention of academic surgeons.

Abstract Background Racial/ethnic diversity remains poor in academic surgery. However, no study has quantified differences in the rates of retention and promotion of underrepresented minority (URM) academic surgeons. Methods The American Association of Medical Colleges Faculty Roster was used to track all first-time assistant and associate professors appointed between 1/1/2003 and 12/31/2006. Primary endpoints were percent promotion and retention at ten-year follow-up. Results Initially, the majority of assistant and associate professors of surgery were White (62%; 75%). Black assistant professors had lower 10-year promotion rates across all specialties (p Conclusions Underrepresented minority surgeons are less likely to remain in academia and Black assistant professors have the lowest rates of promotion. These findings highlight the need to develop institutional programs to better support and develop minority faculty members in academic medicine.
Stimulants and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Update

The connection between stimulants and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was first made apparent in the 1960s during an outbreak associated with anorexigen (amphetamine-like appetite suppressants) use. Since then, a total of 16 drugs and toxins have been linked to PAH (ie, drug and toxin-associated PAH [DT-APAH]), including illicit stimulants like methamphetamine. Recently, basic science research and novel genomic studies have started to shed light on possible pathologic and genetic mechanisms implicated in disease development, namely loss of function variants in genes involved in drug detoxification. This review will discuss the history and current state of knowledge regarding stimulants and their association with PAH. It will also discuss clinical management of patients with DT-APAH. Lastly, it will highlight the importance of ongoing research efforts to identify susceptibility factors implicated in DT-APAH and the need for increased pharmacovigilance and awareness to identify new drugs that may be risk factors for PAH. Ultimately, this may be our best strategy to improve clinical outcomes and prevent deadly future outbreaks of DT-APAH.
Deceptive Marketing Outcomes: A Model for Marketing Communications

Deceptive marketing is pervasive, and it is fundamentally different from deception in many other contexts. This chapter examines how planned communications and the profit motive drive advertising and marketing deception. It looks at deception’s emergence as a key issue for the marketing disciple, the role of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in shaping a legal definition of deception, categorical ways messages are crafted to mislead, and how material injury to the consumer determines when marketing deception has actually occurred. The chapter examines the idea that outcome, rather than deceptive intent, is crucial to deception in the commercial environment. The discussion concludes with the deceptive marketing outcomes model, which places marketing deception into the broader framework of mainstream theory and research on human deception, and suggests avenues for additional theoretical development.
FINAL STATE INTERACTIONS AND THE TRANSVERSE STRUCTURE OF PION

In the factorized picture of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering the naive time reversal-odd parton distributions exist by virtue of the gauge link which is intrinsic to their definition. The link structure describes initial/final-state interactions of the active parton due to soft gluon exchanges with the target remnant. Though these interactions are non-perturbative, calculations of final-state interaction have been performed in a perturbative one-gluon approximation. We include higher-order contributions by applying non-perturbative eikonal methods to calculate the Boer-Mulders function of the pion. Using this framework we explore under what conditions the Boer Mulders function can be described in terms of factorization of final state interactions and a spatial distortion.
Reducing Unnecessary Testing in Uncomplicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: A Quality Improvement Approach.

OBJECTIVES: Skin and soft tissue infections are common pediatric diagnoses with substantial costs. Recent studies suggest blood cultures are not useful in management of uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections (uSSTIs). Complete blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein are also of questionable value. We aimed to decrease these tests by 25% for patients with uSSTIs admitted to the pediatric hospital medicine service within 3 months. METHODS: An interdisciplinary team led a quality improvement (QI) project. Baseline assessment included review of the literature and 12 months of medical records. Key stakeholders identified drivers that informed the creation of an electronic order set and development of a pediatric hospital medicine–emergency department collaborative QI project. The primary outcome measure was mean number of tests per patient encounter. Balancing measures included unplanned readmissions and missed diagnoses. RESULTS: Our baseline-year rate was 3.4 tests per patient encounter (573 tests and 169 patient encounters). During the intervention year, the rate decreased by 35% to 2.2 tests per patient encounter (286 tests and 130 patient encounters) and was sustained for 14 months postintervention. There were no unplanned readmissions or missed diagnoses for the study period. Order set adherence was 80% (83 out of 104) during the intervention period and sustained at 87% postintervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our interdisciplinary team achieved our aim, reducing unnecessary laboratory testing in patients with an uSSTI without patient harm. Awareness of local culture, creation of an order set, defining appropriate patient selection and testing indications, and implementation of a collaborative QI project helped us achieve our aim.
Introduction: the advent of precision public health and the future of dental public health.

On the surface, the precision oral health movement seems to be at odds with dental public health. After all, precision oral health care focuses on the individual patient, where dental public health addresses the oral health needs of populations. Objective The American Institute of Dental Public Health (AIDPH) convened a colloquium to discuss the role of dental public health in the future of precision oral health. Methods On January 25 and 26, 2018, nine thought leaders from across the US outlined the potential role of public health, and more specifically dental public health, in the world of precision public health. Six of the speakers were invited to share their thoughts in this special edition. Results The special issue of the Journal of Public Health Dentistry shares the knowledge and insight provided by the speakers at the colloquium. It is with gratitude for their contribution, as well as, the contribution of the reviewers, organizers of the colloquium, and those in attendance who contributed their collective knowledge that we present this issue. Special thanks to HRSA for their support of this work (D88HP28510).
Reaping What We Sow: Investment Trends and the Future

Abstract Increasing investment is often recommended as a prescription for increasing productivity, stoking demand, and addressing other causes of low growth or prospective crises in the U.S. economy. Yet an examination of investment suggests that it is not poised to fill this role. Private sector investment has undergone a slow transformation, shifting from structures and equipment investment, with the latter enjoying a long trend of falling prices, to a rising role for intellectual property, software, and other intangible capital. The high depreciation rate associated with this new capital imposes a drag on net investment and hence on capital accumulation. Public investment remains mostly focused on infrastructure but has fallen in half as a share of GDP since its peak in the 1950s. These trends emphasize the potential importance of new types of private capital and their implications for growth, as well as the declining role of public investment, including federal R&D.
A review of the ketogenic diet for endurance athletes: performance enhancer or placebo effect?

The ketogenic diet has become popular among endurance athletes as a performance enhancer. This paper systematically reviews the evidence regarding the effect of the endurance athlete’s ketogenic diet (EAKD) on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and secondary performance outcomes. PubMed and Web of Science searches were conducted through November 2019. Inclusion criteria were documentation of EAKD (< 50 g daily carbohydrate consumed by endurance athletes), ketosis achieved (measured via serum biomarker), VO2 max and/or secondary outcomes, English language, and peer reviewed-publication status. Articles were excluded if they were not a primary source or hypotheses were not tested with endurance athletes (i.e., individuals that compete at submaximal intensity for extended time periods). Study design, diet composition, adherence assessment, serum biomarkers, training protocols, and VO2 max/secondary outcomes were extracted and summarized. Searches identified seven articles reporting on VO2 max and/or secondary outcomes; these comprised six intervention trials and one case study. VO2 max outcomes (n = 5 trials, n = 1 case study) were mixed. Two of five trials reported significant increases in VO2 max across all diets; while three trials and one case study reported no significant VO2 max findings. Secondary outcomes (n = 5 trials, n = 1 case study) were Time to Exhaustion (TTE; n = 3 articles), Race Time (n = 3 articles), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE; n = 3 articles), and Peak Power (n = 2 articles). Of these, significant findings for EAKD athletes included decreased TTE (n = 1 article), higher RPE (n = 1 article), and increased Peak Power (n = 1 article). Limited and heterogeneous findings prohibit definitive conclusions regarding efficacy of the EAKD for performance benefit. When compared to a high carbohydrate diet, there are mixed findings for the effect of EAKD consumption on VO2 max and other performance outcomes. More randomized trials are needed to better understand the potentially nuanced effects of EAKD consumption on endurance performance. Researchers may also consider exploring the impact of genetics, recovery, sport type, and sex in moderating the influence of EAKD consumption on performance outcomes.
Antihypertensive Deprescribing in Older Adult Veterans at End of Life Admitted to Veteran Affairs Nursing Homes.

Abstract Objectives Geriatric palliative care approaches support deprescribing of antihypertensives in older nursing home (NH) residents with limited life expectancy and/or advanced dementia (LLE/AD) who are intensely treated for hypertension (HTN), but information on real-world deprescribing patterns in this population is limited. We examined the incidence and factors associated with antihypertensive deprescribing. Design National, retrospective cohort study. Setting and Participants Older Veterans with LLE/AD and HTN admitted to VA NHs in fiscal years 2009-2015 with potential overtreatment of HTN at admission, defined as receiving at least 1 antihypertensive class of medications and mean daily systolic blood pressure (SBP) Measures Deprescribing was defined as subsequent dose reduction or discontinuation of an antihypertensive for ≥7 days. Competing risk models assessed cumulative incidence and factors associated with deprescribing. Results Within our sample (n = 10,574), cumulative incidence of deprescribing at 30 days was 41%. Veterans with the greatest level of overtreatment (ie, multiple antihypertensives and SBP Conclusions and Implications Real-world deprescribing patterns of antihypertensives among NH residents with HTN and LLE/AD appear to reflect variation in recommendations for HTN treatment intensity and individualization of patient care in a population with potential overtreatment. Factors facilitating deprescribing included treatment intensity and markers of poor prognosis. Comparative effectiveness and safety studies are needed to guide clinical decisions around deprescribing and HTN management.
Impact of "healthier" materials interventions on dust concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and organophosphate esters

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organophosphate esters (OPEs) are found in building materials and associated with thyroid disease, infertility, and impaired development. This study’s objectives were to (1) compare levels of PFAS, PBDEs, and OPEs in dust from spaces with conventional versus “healthier” furniture and carpet, and (2) identify other product sources of flame retardants in situ. We measured 15 PFAS, 8 PBDEs, and 19 OPEs in dust from offices, common areas, and classrooms having undergone either no intervention (conventional rooms in older buildings meeting strict fire codes; n = 12), full “healthier” materials interventions (rooms with “healthier” materials in buildings constructed more recently or gut-renovated; n = 7), or partial interventions (other rooms with at least “healthier” foam furniture but more potential building contamination; n = 28). We also scanned all materials for bromine and phosphorus as surrogates of PBDEs and OPEs respectively, using x-ray fluorescence. In multilevel regression models, rooms with full “healthier” materials interventions had 78% lower dust levels of PFAS than rooms with no intervention (p < 0.01). Rooms with full “healthier” interventions also had 65% lower OPE levels in dust than rooms with no intervention (p < 0.01) and 45% lower PBDEs than rooms with only partial interventions (p < 0.10), adjusted for covariates related to insulation, electronics, and furniture. Bromine loadings from electronics in rooms were associated with PBDE concentrations in dust (p < 0.05), and the presence of exposed insulation was associated with OPE dust concentrations (p < 0.001). Full “healthier” materials renovations successfully reduced chemical classes in dust. Future interventions should address electronics, insulation, and building cross-contamination.
Edible lecithin, stearic acid, and whey protein bigels enhance survival of probiotics during in vitro digestion

Abstract Bigels are materials with semi-solid organic and aqueous phases and, therefore, have the potential to deliver both lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds to humans. Additionally, because bigels are two-phase systems, a diverse array of synthesis options are possible, allowing many unique characteristics to be achieved. The purpose of this study was two-fold: to assess the ability of bigels to protect probiotics during in vitro digestion in a simulated gastrointestinal system and to determine the effect of phospholipids on probiotic survival. A standardized COST INFOGEST Network in vitro digestion system was used, and survival of Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus was measured. By measuring the increase in free fatty acids, the enzymes’ lipolytic activity was confirmed. A control, with no gelators, had the greatest lipolysis. The formulated bigel was effective at protecting probiotics from the harsh conditions of the digestive tract compared to the control. L. acidophilus was more resistant to high shear conditions than B. lactis during gel preparation. Probiotics in bigels with phospholipids had greater survival during digestion; nonetheless, the difference was not statistically significant. It was hypothesized that this was due to the phospholipids being enzymatically broken down in the in vitro system. Therefore, for phospholipids to have a beneficial impact on probiotic survival, they must be in their native form. Overall, this study showed the potential of bigels to efficiently protect probiotics during digestion.
Reparación endovascular de las lesiones traumáticas de la arteria subclavia.

Introduccion: La reparacion convencional de la arteria subclavia es desafiante, con una morbilidad del 24%, y mortalidad del 5 al 25%, las tecnicas endovasculares permiten la reparacion arterial subclavia desde un acceso distal, reduciendo la elevada morbimortalidad asociada. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados a largo plazo, del tratamiento endovascular de las lesiones traumaticas de la arteria subclavia. Materiales y Metodo: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, (revision de serie de casos unicentrica), de pacientes sometidos a la reparacion endovascular de la arteria subclavia, debido a lesiones traumaticas, utilizando dos tecnicas (stent balon expandible y oclusion endovascular con balon), durante un periodo de 12 anos (2007 – 2019), en el Hospital Dr. Eduardo Pereira de Valparaiso, Chile. Resultados: Se realizaron 15 procedimientos consecutivos, electivos (86,67%), urgencias (13,33%), sexo masculino (66,67%), femenino (33,33%), edad promedio de 55,8 anos (rango 26 – 69), abordaje utilizado: arteria femoral comun (93,33%) y arteria braquial (6,67%), etiologia de las lesiones: iatrogenia (66,67%) y trauma (33,33%), reparacion mediante stent balon expandible (66,67%), oclusion endovascular con balon (33,33%), tasa de exito tecnico (100%), tasa de permeabilidad primaria a 1, 5, 10 anos del 100%, 93,33% y 86,66% respectivamente, seguimiento medio (61,4 meses), estancia hospitalaria promedio (3,3 dias), tiempo quirurgico promedio (75min), no hubo morbilidad cardiovascular, neurologica central o mortalidad relacionada al procedimiento. Discusion : La tecnica endovascular elimina la necesidad de diseccion quirurgica, disminuyendo el riesgo de lesion de estructuras adyacentes, especialmente en pacientes politraumatizados. Conclusion: En pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados, la tecnica endovascular representa una excelente estrategia terapeutica de reparacion de las lesiones subclavias.
Impacts of COVID-19 and Price Transmission in U.S. Meat Markets

Abstract Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused ongoing disruptions to U.S. meat markets via demand and supply-side shocks. Abnormally high prices have been reported at retail outlets and meat packers have been accused of unfair business practices because of widening price spreads. Processing facilities have experienced COVID-19 outbreaks resulting in shutdowns. Using weekly data on wholesale and retail prices of beef, pork, and poultry, we characterize the time series behavior and dynamic linkages of U.S. meat prices before the COVID-19 pandemic. We model vertical price transmission using both linear and threshold autoregressive (AR) models and vector error correction (VEC) models. With the estimated models, we then compare price movements under COVID-19 to model predictions. All three meat markets are well-integrated and we observe unexpected, large price movements in April and May of 2020. Early COVID-19 related shocks appear to be transitory with prices returning to expected levels at a pace consistent with the speed of transmission prior to the pandemic. This well-functioning market process suggests a degree of resilience in U.S. meat supply chains.
Nutrient Signaling, Stress Response, and Interorganelle Communication are Non-Canonical Determinants of Cell Fate

Isogenic cells can manifest distinct cellular fates for a single stress, however the nongenetic mechanisms driving such fates remain poorly understood. Here, we implement a robust multi-channel live-cell imaging approach to uncover noncanonical factors governing cell fate. We show that in response to acute glucose removal (AGR), budding yeast undergo distinct fates becoming either quiescent or senescent. Senescent cells fail to resume mitotic cycles following glucose replenishment but remain responsive to nutrient stimuli. Whereas quiescent cells manifest starvation-induced adaptation, senescent cells display perturbed endomembrane trafficking and defective nucleus-vacuole junction (NVJ) expansion. Surprisingly, we also show senescence occurs in the absence of lipid droplets. Importantly, we identify the nutrient-sensing linked kinase Rim15 as a key biomarker that predicts cell fates before AGR stress. We propose that isogenic yeast challenged with acute nutrient shortage contain determinants that influence their post-stress fate, and demonstrate that specific nutrient signaling, stress-response, endomembrane trafficking, and inter-organelle tether biomarkers are early indicators for long-term fate outcomes.
A survey study of the attitudes and experiences of adults with intellectual disability regarding participation in research.

BACKGROUND Historically, people with intellectual disability have been exploited in and excluded from scientific research. To facilitate greater representation of adults with intellectual disability as research respondents, we sought to understand their interest in research participation and factors affecting their willingness to volunteer to participate, such as the core value of trust. METHODS Our survey measured attitudes of adults with intellectual disability towards research in general and research specifically involving adults with intellectual disability as respondents, as well as their prior research experiences, trust of researchers and interest in future research participation. RESULTS Participants reported positive attitudes towards research and strong interest in future participation opportunities, and trust of researchers was positively correlated to both. The belief that 'research about adults with intellectual disability is very important' also predicted participants' interest in future research participation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that adults with intellectual disability support the direct involvement of adults with intellectual disability in research as respondents. Trustworthy rapport with researchers and positive views about research foster greater inclusion of this population.
Assessing the Utility of Body-Worn Cameras for Collegiate Police Agencies:

Nearly all scholarship on body-worn cameras (BWCs) has focused on municipal police departments, as they comprise a majority of sworn agencies. Given the unique environment of collegiate law enforce...
Life-Cycle Analysis of Tandem PV Perovskite-Modules and Systems

We quantified the environmental and energy life-cycle impacts of a mechanically-stacked perovskite-silicon tandem (Pk/Si) photovoltaic systems – under development by Tandem PV, Palo Alto, California – in comparison with commercial PV systems. It was found that the considered systems would be less energy demanding and would produce less carbon and toxic emissions than crystalline-based and CIGS systems, if they reach the same 30-year life as conventional PV systems. Sensitivity analysis on lifetimes shows that even when they last 20 years their energy and environmental performances are comparable to those of single-junction c-Si and CIGS systems. The Energy Pay Back Times (EPBT) of Pk/Si tandem systems were estimated to range from 5 months (installations at 1,800 kWh/m2/yr) to 4 months (installations at 2,300 kWh/m2/yr).
Mouse Digit Tip Regeneration is Mechanical Load-dependent

Amputation of the mouse digit tip results in blastema-mediated regeneration. In this model, new bone regenerates de novo to lengthen the amputated stump bone resulting in a functional replacement of the terminal phalangeal element along with associated non-skeletal tissues. Physiological examples of bone repair, such as distraction osteogenesis and fracture repair, are well known to require mechanical loading. However, the role of mechanical loading during mammalian digit tip regeneration is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that reducing mechanical loading inhibits blastema formation by attenuating bone resorption and wound closure, resulting in the complete inhibition of digit regeneration. Mechanical unloading effects on wound healing and regeneration are completely reversible when mechanical loading is restored. Mechanical unloading after blastema formation results in a reduced rate of de novo bone formation demonstrating mechanical load-dependence of the bone regenerative response. Moreover, enhancing the wound healing response of mechanically unloaded digits with the cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive DermabondTM improves wound closure and partially rescues digit tip regeneration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that mammalian digit tip regeneration is mechanical load-dependent. Given that human fingertip regeneration shares many characteristics with the mouse digit tip, these results identify mechanical load as a previously unappreciated requirement for de novo bone regeneration in humans.
Loyalty Programmes of Selective Grocery Retailers in the Czech Republic

This paper deals with long term loyalty programmes of selective grocery retailers who operate in the market within the Czech Republic. Only those loyalty programmes designed for the end customers are taken into account, so this study is concerned with the B2C area. A long term loyalty programmes last at least for one year, i.e. twelve months (this time determination is valid for purposes of this paper). The main aim of this paper is to identify the single elements and principles occurring in long term loyalty programmes and then to develop an illustrative model. The presented output is a model of long term loyalty programmes that captures the three following phases: the establishment, development (or building) and termination of the relationship.In addition, from the empirical research, an interesting fact has emerged: two of the analysed long term loyalty programmes were launched at a similar time. This could be explained through the tendency for companies to copy the successful activities insigated by their competitors. Furthermore, the next remarkable phenomenon is that one grocery chain runs two long term loyalty programmes at the same time and the target groups of these programmes overlap. A possible explanation could be that the chain is making efforts to interest as many as possible of its different customers.
Workshop on Modeling Business Issues of Software Product Lines

Many organizations require financial justification before proceeding with a product line approach. The approach may appear very attractive in an intuitive sense, and it offers the obvious benefits of a faster time to market and higher quality. But, without the cost figures, the decision makers won’t budget funds or personnel resources to carry out the up-front asset construction tasks. In addition, not all organizations are ready to commit up front to a full asset set—one that covers most if not all product line features. They favor a more incremental approach that tackles the areas of highest and most readily available commonality first.