cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fourier transform mass spectrometric detection of suspended trapping measurements with a variable length external ion reservoir

Abstract The effect of Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) suspended trapping events on the evolution of ion cloud spatial and kinetic energy distributions during ion flight is evaluated by FTMS. A probe-mounted electrode permits the initial formation of ions in variable length reservoirs adjacent to the trapped ion cells to facilitate these measurements. Several experiments are presented to demonstrate the versatility of the apparatus. For example, FTMS-time-of-flight (TOF) detection of ion flight from the trapped ion cell is used to investigate collisional relaxation. In another experiment, the kinetic energy of FTMS-detected ions entering the trapped ion cell following a suspension of trapping potentials is found by time-of-flight analysis to be less than 0.1 eV, independent of initial trap potential. The reservoir is used to directly observe the trapping oscillations of ions in elongated wells up to 43 cm in length. The trapping period is found to vary proportionally with cell length, in contrast to present models for the motion. Finally, the utility of suspended trapping for alleviating space charge effects is demonstrated.
A polynomial algorithm for a two parameter extension of Wythoff NIM based on the Perron–Frobenius theory

For any positive integer parameters a and b, Gurvich recently introduced a generalization mexb of the standard minimum excludant mex = mex1, along with a game NIM(a, b) that extends further Fraenkel’s NIM = NIM(a, 1), which in its turn is a generalization of the classical Wythoff NIM = NIM(1, 1). It was shown that P-positions (the kernel) of NIM(a, b) are given by the following recursion: $$x_n = {\rm mex}_b(\{x_i, y_i \;|\; 0 \leq i < n\}), \;\; y_n = x_n + an; \;\; n \geq 0,$$ and conjectured that for all a, b the limits l(a, b) = xn(a, b)/n exist and are irrational algebraic numbers. In this paper we prove that showing that \({\ell(a,b) = \frac{a}{r-1}}\), where r > 1 is the Perron root of the polynomial $$P(z) = z^{b+1} - z - 1 - \sum_{i=1}^{a-1} z^{\lceil ib/a \rceil},$$ whenever a and b are coprime; furthermore, it is known that l(ka, kb) = kl(a, b). In particular, \({\ell(a, 1) = \alpha_a = \frac{1}{2} (2 - a + \sqrt{a^2 + 4})}\). In 1982, Fraenkel introduced the game NIM(a) = NIM(a, 1), obtained the above recursion and solved it explicitly getting \({x_n = \lfloor \alpha_a n \rfloor, \; y_n = x_n + an = \lfloor (\alpha_a + a) n \rfloor}\). Here we provide a polynomial time algorithm based on the Perron–Frobenius theory solving game NIM(a, b), although we have no explicit formula for its kernel.
Phase evolution in electrodeposited Ni-W-B alloy

Abstract A ternary nickel based alloy Ni-W-B has been developed for surface corrosion and wear resistance to replace chromium plating, which uses environmentally hazardous solutions. These solutions are not only toxic, but corrosive and carcinogenic. The primary objective of this work was to study the phase evolution upon post-plating heat treatment, which is applied to increase alloy hardness. Phase transformations upon heating were studied by TEM, room and high temperature X-ray diffraction and microhardness measurements. The as-deposited alloy contained 31 wt.% W and had a metastable nanocrystalline-amorphous structure. The maximum hardness of about 900 VHN, which is comparable to the hardness of chromium, occurred at a heat treatment temperature of 400 °C. When heat treated to this temperature, the initial metastable structure decomposed into fine particles of Ni 4 W in a nickel solid solution. Heating to higher temperatures coarsened grain size and led to decreasing hardness.
The Blue Angel. I - The mineralogy and petrogenesis of a hibonite inclusion from the Murchison meteorite

A detailed mineralogie, chemical, and petrologic study of the Blue Angel, a relatively large (~1.5 mm) hibonite-containing inclusion from the Murchison meteorite, was performed in an attempt to understand the mechanisms of formation and modification of hibonite-rich inclusions. The Blue Angel inclusion is composed of roughly equal amounts of hibonite and calcite, with minor amounts of spinel, perovskite, diopside, and an Fe-rich silicate. The inclusion can be divided into three roughly concentric zones—a hibonite-rich core, a calcite-rich mantle, and a spinel-rich layered rim. The mineral chemistry and petrography of the Blue Angel are consistent with a three-stage formation history: (1) an early stage of nebular condensation which produced the hibonite, perovskite, and spinel; (2) a moderate temperature stage of aqueous alteration and metamorphism occurring on a small planetary body containing CO_2 and H_2O during which calcite was formed in the inclusion; and (3) the final emplacement of the Blue Angel into its present position in Murchison. The study of the Blue Angel indicates that extensive alteration of Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAI) may have occurred by aqueous alteration and thermal metamorphism followed by explosive mixing processes on a parent body. Such metamorphic reactions may involve formation and destruction of phases, such as melilite and diopside, which have been previously thought to be primary condensates. The mechanisms proposed for the formation and modification of the Blue Angel help to explain the secondary phases and oxygen isotope anomalies found in many CAI and eliminate the need for invoking kinetically-complicated back-reactions at very low pressures with a cool part of the solar nebula. The contribution of planetary metamorphism in the formation and alteration of CAI must be considered along with nebular processes in order to understand the formation of carbonaceous chondrites.
Modeling of Flow Around FPSO Hull Sections Subject to Roll Motions: Effects of Nonlinear Boundary Conditions

The paper presents the development of BEM (Boundary Element Method) and FVM (Finite Volume Method) based models for the analysis of the flow around 2-D FPSO hull-sections fitted with bilge keels and subject to forced roll motions. Through these models an attempt is made to gain an insight into the two important aspects of the flow: separation around bilge keels and the effect of the free-surface. The effect of the free-surface and the resulting wave-body interaction is studied using a 2-D BEM model coupled with a Mixed-Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) time marching scheme for the free-surface boundary conditions. The separation around the bilge keels and viscous aspects of the flow are studied using a FVM based 2-D Navier Stokes (2DNS) solver with linear free-surface boundary conditions. The primary aim of the BEM model is to investigate the effects of the linear and nonlinear boundary conditions on the predicted flow within the scope of the parameters of the FVM model.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Maternity and Its Discontents: “Getting The Body Back” After Pregnancy

This article is an ethnographic look at the importance of control of the female body in contemporary U.S. society. Specifically, this article examines how the idea of “getting the body back” is significant in the lives of postpartum women. The authors highlight how pregnancy signifies a state of being out of control, particularly for women involved in the paid labor force, and the struggle to reassert and literally regain particular identities after childbirth is paramount but given less attention. The authors interviewed and observed women in a semiurban area in the Midwest who were pregnant or recently gave birth. They found that for women who already are forced to negotiate boundaries when pregnant, there is a particular imperative to regain ownership of a postpartum body. Drawing upon narratives from these women, this article contributes to discourse on the body and the contradictory messages women receive about the flexibility of identity.
Comparison of members of pro- and anti-abortion organizations in Missouri.

Abstract Comparisons were made between members of Missouri Citizens for Life (MCL) and of the Abortion Rights Alliance (ARA) of Missouri. ARA members were more educated, urbanized, and had fewer children. MCL members were predominantly Catholic, and compared to ARA members, highly religious. ARA members were more inclined to favor equality of the sexes, especially in their approval of the ERA. ARA members were politically more liberal and more committed to free speech for social deviants. MCL members were much more committed to a conservative approach to matters of personal morality. MCL members regarded suicide and euthanasia as more objectionable than did their ARA counterparts, but they were also more militaristic.
p75NTR and Trk receptors are expressed in reciprocal patterns in a wide variety of non-neural tissues during rat embryonic development, indicating independent receptor functions.

The p75 kDa neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has been detected in a number of non-neural tissues, especially during development. Reports of Trk receptor transcripts in non-neural tissues raise the possibility that the sites of p75NTR expression during development may correlate with Trk receptor expression. Coexpression of p75NTR with the Trk receptors in developing non-neural tissues would support the hypothesis that there is a cooperative function between the two receptor subclasses. To address these questions, p75NTR was localized relative to the three known Trk receptors in adjacent sections of rat embryos at stages of development when the highest levels of p75NTR have been observed in the muscle, maxillary pad, kidney, and lung. Using in situ hybridization and immunhistochemical analyses, we show here that the Trk receptors are expressed extensively in non-neural tissues during cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis but in patterns that are generally reciprocal to that of p75NTR. The results indicate p75NTR most likely functions independently of the Trk receptors in most developing non-neural tissues. However, the p75NTRconsistently appears in non-neural cells adjacent to those expressing Trk receptors. The reciprocal patterns of expression indicate that the separate activities of the two receptors most likely complement each other in regulating cell-cell interactions important for the innervation of developing non-neural tissues. J. Comp. Neurol. 391:407–428, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A rural African American faith community's solutions to depression disparities.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore how a rural African American faith community would address depression within their congregations and the community as a whole. Design and Sample A qualitative, interpretive descriptive methodology was used. The sample included 24 participants representing pastors, parishioners interested in health, and African American men who had experienced symptoms of depression in a community in the Arkansas Delta. Measures The primary data sources for this qualitative research study were focus groups. Results Participants identified three key players in the rural African American faith community who can combat depression: the Church, the Pastor/Clergy, and the Layperson. The roles of each were identified and recommendations for each to address depression disparities in rural African Americans. Conclusions The recommendations can be used to develop faith-based interventions for depression targeting the African American faith community.
Can Knowledge of Erasure Behavior be Used as an Indicator of Possible Cheating

What is the typical amount of student answer-changing that takes place in a low-stakes test environment? Can we use this information to look for evidence of improper answer-changing (cheating) on high-stakes test?
Numerical solution of the Huygens–Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction of spherical waves by a circular aperture

Using the rigorous wave-front formulation for scalar wave diffraction of Kraus [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A6, 1196 ( 1989); J. Opt. Soc. Am. A9, 1132 ( 1992)], it is shown that the two-dimensional integral used to calculate the diffraction of spherical waves by a circular aperture may be reduced to a one-dimensional integral by choosing an appropriate coordinate frame. Both the two-dimensional integral and the one-dimensional integral must be evaluated numerically, but because each dimension must be sampled at approximately N locations to calculate accurately the integral (where N is the number of wavelengths across the aperture) the two-dimensional integration will require of the order of N2 evaluations of the integrand, whereas the one-dimensional integration will require of the order of only N evaluations, a substantial decrease in computing time for apertures that are large compared with optical wavelengths.
Ultrafast vibrational energy transfer in the real world: laser ablation, energetic solids, and hemeproteins

A wide variety of chemical and physical processes that occur in solids produce vibrationally hot (excited) molecules. Recent progress in the theory and experimental measurement of vibrational relaxation and vibrational cooling (VC) in solids is summarized in this paper. Here vibrational relaxation refers to the loss of excitation of the initially prepared state, while VC refers to the return of the hot molecule to its cold ground state. VC is accomplished by energy transfer between the hot molecule and the phonons of the surrounding solid matrix. Both processes occur on the ultrafast time scale in materials that are composed of large molecules. Some real-world applications of VC are discussed. These are processes in which VC plays an important role, including laser ablation and optical damage of polymers, shock-induced chemistry of energetic solids, and hemeprotein photolysis and cooling.
Disassociation between glomerular hyperfiltration and extracellular volume in diabetic rats.

The relationship of the development of glomerular hyperfiltration in diabetes to changes in extracellular fluid volume has not been previously examined. To accomplish this task, male Wistar rats were chronically cannulated in the bladder, femoral artery and vein. Control measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), extracellular fluid volume (ECF), and urinary sodium excretion were performed on two separate days prior to infusion of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body wt i.v.). After infusion of streptozotocin, the IDDM rats were separated into two groups: untreated IDDM group of rats and IDDM rats treated with insulin at doses sufficient to normalize blood glucose (Ultralente, 2 to 8 IU/day). A third group of normal non-diabetic rats served as time controls. Measurements of renal function occurred at 1, 4, 7, 11, and 15 days after infusion of streptozotocin. Blood glucose in the non-diabetic measurement period averaged 137 +/- 30 mg/dl and increased from 412 +/- 55 after 24 hours in the untreated diabetic rats to 533 +/- 33 mg/dl after 15 days of IDDM. The time controls and the insulin-treated diabetic rats did not differ in blood glucose values at the time measurements were performed. Glomerular filtration rate increased from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.7 +/- 0.1 ml/min/100 g body wt by day 15 in the untreated diabetic rats with significant increases in GFR within 24 hours. GFR of both time controls and the insulin-treated IDDM rats did not significantly vary during the time of the study. The increase in GFR in the untreated IDDM group was associated with a concomitant increase in RPF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bactericidal activity of granules isolated from amoebocytes of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus.

Abstract Granules were isolated from amoebocytes of Limulus polyphemus and used in bactericidal studies. Whole granules, but not granular lysates, exhibited marked killing activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . These findings support the idea that amoebocytes are an important component in the defense system of this animal.
Magnetic anisotropy and the nature of the pair state in UPt3

Abstract In this paper, a pairing potential based on a magnetic exchange interaction is derived. In particular, such a function is constructed and applied to the case of UPt 3 . From this, it is proposed that pairing in UPt 3 is due to low frequency magnetic fluctuations which have large basal plane anisotropy. The pair state with the largest instability is an A 1u state of the form k x x + k y ŷ . The possible relation of this state to the observed phase diagram of UPt 3 will be discussed.
The first molecular metal containing fluoride counterions

Abstract Anhydrous, anaerobic electrocrystallization techniques have afforded (TSeT)F0.25Cl0.50, the first organic molecular metal to contain off-axis fluoride counterions. This material crystallizes in a unique tetragonal motif with stacks of canted TSeT+0.75 molecules. Disordered chloride and fluoride counterions are found in two different types of channels extending parallel to the stacking axis. Interchain Se…Se interactions are shorter than in the analogous (TSeT+y) (X−)y salts (X− = Cl−, Br−, I−). These structural changes are reflected in the electrical [σ (300K) = 1700 S/cm]; σ (40K) = 7000 S/cm, thermoelectrical, and optical properties of this new organic metal.
Non-linear acoustic echo cancellation using cascaded Kalman filtering

This paper presents a new paradigm of solving the non-linear acoustic echo cancellation problem. The non-linear echo path is modeled by a memoryless non-linearity followed by a linear FIR filter. The problem is cast into a state-space framework and solved using a cascade of Kalman filters in time domain, one filter adapting to the linear echo path and the other filter adapting to the memoryless non-linearity. It is shown that the proposed method outperforms the existing NLMS-based method in filter convergence and misalignment while enjoying an additional benefit of unsupervised and variable step-size control. Interesting connections will be made between the proposed method and the widely-known NLMS-based echo canceler. Practical recommendations are provided on implementing the proposed method efficiently on a general-purpose processor. Finally, simulation results are presented that exhibit its performance advantages.
Explanations of the tertiary global cooling trend

Abstract A series of General Circulation Model experiments are performed to examine the role of paleogeography as an explanation of the Tertiary global cooling trend. Systematic long-term variations in topography and land—sea distribution are potential causes of long-term climate change. However, climate model sensitivity experiments indicate a geographically related cooling during the last 20 million years, but not a long-term Cenozoic trend. Coarse resolution changes in geography throughout the Tertiary may not be the explanation of the Tertiary global cooling trend. Either a series of events, some geographically related, or another forcing factor, most probably atmospheric CO2 concentration, are offered as alternative explanations of the Tertiary global cooling trend.
Isoflurane/N2O anesthesia suppresses narrowband but not wideband inhibition in dorsal cochlear nucleus.

Anesthesia alters the response properties of neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). Barbiturates decrease spontaneous activity and the prevalence of inhibitory responses, so that DCN principal cells show less inhibition by narrowband stimuli (e.g. tones at best frequency). Here we present the effects on cat DCN of anesthesia using isoflurane plus nitrous oxide (N2O). Because the cellular anesthetic mechanisms of isoflurane differ from those of pentobarbital, the effects of the two anesthetics in DCN might be different. The strength of two inhibitory circuits in the DCN, the narrowband and wideband inhibitor, were studied and compared with results in unanesthetized decerebrate animals. The primary effects of isoflurane/N2O anesthesia were to lower spontaneous activity and increase the thresholds of units. All the response types seen in the decerebrate preparation were also seen with isoflurane/N2O, but the prevalence of predominantly inhibitory responses to narrowband stimuli (type IV units) decreased (from ∼31% to ∼11%). However, responses to band-reject noise were similar to those seen in unanesthetized animals. Together, these results suggest that the effects of isoflurane/N2O are primarily on the narrowband inhibitory circuit, rather than the wideband inhibitor.
The protective role of laparoscopic antireflux surgery against aspiration of pepsin after lung transplantation

Long-term morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation are largely attributable to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), a form of chronic rejection.1,2 In turn, BOS and rejection have been associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), although direct causality has not been established.3,4 The mechanism by which GERD may cause or exacerbate BOS is not known; however, it is thought that aspiration of gastroesophageal contents may trigger a nonallogenic injury to the transplanted lungs. The investigation of the causal relationship between GERD, aspiration, and BOS is important because GERD can be treated before lung function deteriorates.4–6 In fact, studies have shown that operative control of GERD may stabilize or improve lung function in some patients with BOS, especially when a laparoscopic fundoplication is performed early after lung transplantation.7–10 Control of reflux is key, because GERD may be a modifiable risk factor for the progression of BOS; GERD and aspiration of gastroduodenal substances, like pepsin, might be stopped by laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS). Nevertheless, the role and the indications for LARS in the management of patients with BOS or rejection is less clear because it is not known if aspiration can be prevented by LARS, or if aspiration of gastroesophageal refluxate indeed represents a nonallogenic injury to the transplanted lungs. The aim of this study was to determine if LARS after lung transplantation could represent an effective means to prevent aspiration as defined by the presence of pepsin in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and if aspiration of gastroesophageal refluxate is associated with a worse clinical outcome than patients without evidence of aspiration. We hypothesized that recovery of pepsin in the BALF confirms aspiration and that LARS could be protective against aspiration of pepsin.
Common medical emergencies: a dilemma in dental education.

The signs and treatment of common medical emergencies that could occur during the dental appointment are described. Because dental education inadequately prepares the student to treat common medical emergencies that might occur during a dental appointment, a hospital-based program was initiated between the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine and the Medical College of Pennsylvania to instruct dental students in the evaluation and management of medical emergencies. A four-week hospital-based program offers a comprehensive course for dental students in the evaluation and management of medical emergencies. The program first emphasizes medical evaluation with the taking of accurate, comprehensive patient histories and the performance of physical examinations; information about supportive care, including intravenous techniques and airway maintenance, is given. The diagnostic signs and treatment of common medical emergencies, as taught in the program, are described.
Splenectomy-sparing, long-term maintenance with anti-D for chronic immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura: The New York hospital experience

For nonsplenectomized children and adults with chronic or acute immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), anti-D has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment, providing hemostatic platelet increases in more than 70% of patients. Children had the best results, but all patient groups responded. In our recently published series, the effect of anti-D therapy lasted for more than 21 days in 50% of the responders and for more than 1 month in 37%. The use of anti-D as maintenance therapy was evaluated in a subset of patients. Of those who responded to the initial anti-D infusion, 79 patients (44 children, 35 adults) received 3 consecutive treatments. There were no significant differences in the responses after each infusion. Fifty-eight patients responded to all 3 treatments; of those, 20 (9 children, 11 adults) continued anti-D therapy, receiving an average of 18 infusions each (range, 10 to 36). The overall response rate was 86%. The ease of administration, duration of effect, and infrequent development of tachyphylaxis make anti-D an attractive alternative for maintenance therapy, particularly for children with ITP who have a high rate of spontaneous remissions. Use of anti-D as a means of spearing the spleen or, at least, postponing splenectomy should now be considered as a clinical option in the management of adult patients with chronic ITP.
Similarities and differences among neuroendocrine, exocrine, and endocytic vesicles

Secretory and endocytic vesicles have analogous functions as cyclic carriers between specific cellular compartments. The centrifugally functioning secretory system operates from the Golgi complex, whereas the centripetally functioning endocytic system operates from the cell surface. Further, within polarized epithelial cells the export traffic can be directed to a distinct plasmalemmal domain which distinguishes exocrine from endocrine secretion and import traffic can be directed transcellularly. These shuttle operations involve a special class of lipid-rich, protein-poor membranes that appear to use an inwardly directed H+-translocase activity to varying extents for pH-dependent sorting and for accumulation and concentration of transported molecules. Comparative analyses of purified membrane preparations from exocrine and endocrine sources identify compositional overlap between different types of shuttle membrane. However, the structural elements that specify a particular origin or destination for a given carrier or determine function in storage and stimulus-dependent shuttling remain unknown.
Interferometric Measurements Of Linewidth And Phase Noise Of An Er-doped Fiber Ring Laser

A measured linewidth of < I0kHz and a phase noise level of ~ 20 /spl mu/rad//spl radic/Hz (measured with a 3m unbalanced interferometer) are reported for an Er-doped fiber ring laser with an intra-ring fiber birefringent spectral filter. The effects of acoustical and vibrational shielding on these measurements are also reported.
Endothelial cells lining transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunts originate in hepatic sinusoids: Implications for pseudointimal hyperplasia

The phenotype of the endothelial cells (ECs) in the pseudointima of transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunts (TIPS) and the mechanisms of pseudointima formation after TIPS were unknown. We hypothesized that TIPS were lined by hepatic sinusoidal ECs, which stimulated the migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into the pseudointima and their proliferation. Studies were done with the following specific aims: (1) isolation of ECs from TIPS pseudointima and comparison of their phenotype with human cirrhotic sinusoidal and vascular ECs derived from hepatic and portal veins as well as aorta, and (2) testing of the effects of TIPS ECs on TIPS-derived SMC migration and proliferation. ECs were isolated from eight TIPS retrieved from liver explants by immunomagnetic separation using monodispersed magnetizable polystyrene beads (Dynabeads M-450) coated with Ulex Europeus 1. EC phenotypes were examined by transmission electron microscopy, factor VIII-related antigen, CD31, CD14, and CD34 expression, uptake of acetylated LDL and secretion of type IV collagen. The effects of EC-conditioned media on SMC migration and proliferation were tested in multiwell chemotaxis chambers and by cell counting, respectively. ECs were obtained from TIPS pseudointima with >95% purity. The phenotype of TIPS-derived ECs matched that of cirrhotic sinusoidal endothelium (both expressed CD14) and differed from that of vascular endothelium (CD14 negative, Weibel-Palade positive). Conditioned media from both stenosed (n = 3) and nonstenosed (n = 3) TIPS-derived endothelial cells produced a marked (>100%) P <.001 increase in migration as well as (up to 88%) P <.01 proliferation of SMCs from both stenosed (n = 3) as well as nonstenosed TIPS (n = 3). These data indicate that TIPS pseudointima are lined by hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, which stimulate pseudointima formation by increasing SMC migration and proliferation.
ASSAY OF INSULIN ON HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED, ADRENO-DEMEDULLATED, AND HYPOPHYSE-TOMIZED-ADRENO-DEMEDULLATED RATS1

ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS and mice have been used by Hemmingsen, Nielsen and Nielsen (I) for the assay of small quantities of insulin. The criterion chosen by these authors, the occurrence of hypoglycemic convulsions, did not permit them to assay insulin very accurately because of marked individual differ-ences in the convulsive threshold of various animals. By using the hypoglycemic ef-feet as an index, minute quantities of insulin could be detected in the blood of adrenalectomized rats which had been subjected to anoxia or metrazol (2). In the present investigation hypophysectomized, adreno-demedullated, and hypo-physectomised-adreno-demedullated rats have been used systematically for the assay of insulin both by itself and in the presence of blood. Rats weighing from 100–130 gm. were used. In one group the adrenals were demedullated and the rats were allowed to drink 2% NaCl. Another group was hypo-physectomized by the pharyngeal approach and in the third group the adrenal medul-lae were removed 8 days aft...
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory disease (PRRS) is an economically important disease around the globe; it has been estimated to cost the swine industry in USA approximately 560 million US dollars annually. It is well established that PRRS is caused by an enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus known as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The inability to successfully control PRRS across farms via traditional methods (e.g. vaccine and animal flow) has led to a growing interest in area-based eradication. Important to such an initiative is information on PRRSV transmission within and between herds and intervention strategies to prevent its spread. This paper will review the current literature on selected areas of PRRS known to be important to the topic of pathogen elimination, including etiology, clinical manifestations, direct and indirect routes of transmission, as well as discuss measures for disease control, prevention and eradication.
The effect of ketorolac on pregnancy rates when used immediately after oocyte retrieval

Objective To study the effect of ketorolac, a potent anti-inflammatory medication, on in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy outcomes when used at the time of oocyte retrieval. Design Retrospective review of 454 patients from 2003–2009. Setting Tertiary hospital-affiliated fertility center. Patient(s) Consecutive subfertile women undergoing their first IVF cycle. Intervention(s) Ketorolac administration immediately after oocyte retrieval. Main Outcome Measure(s) Pregnancy, implantation, live-birth, and miscarriage rates, and postsurgical visual analog pain score. Result(s) Of the 454 patients undergoing their first IVF cycle for all indications, 103 received intravenous ketorolac immediately after oocyte retrieval, based on anesthesiologist preference. Patient and procedural characteristics were similar between both groups. The use of ketorolac had no effect on the rates of implantation, miscarriage, pregnancy, live birth, or multiple pregnancy. The patients receiving ketorolac experienced statistically significantly less pain. Conclusion(s) This study suggests ketorolac has no apparent detrimental effect on IVF pregnancy outcomes when administered immediately after oocyte retrieval. Ketorolac appears to be a safe and effective analgesic to use at the time of oocyte retrieval.
Lattice expansions and contractions in metallic superlattices.

An electronically driven lattice deformation which explains qualitatively the supermodulus effect in metallic superlattices is derived. It is shown in the Thomas-Fermi approximation that the total energy of a metallic superlattice is lowered by uniform deformations of the constituent materials. The theory gives the correct order of magnitude for changes in lattice constants, explains why the supermodulus effect is not observed in systems in which at least one constituent is nonmetallic, and predicts the absence of an effect when the bulk Fermi energies of the constituent metals are equal.
Robust Tracking for Very Long Range Radars, Part II: Measurement Conversion and Derivations

The measurement conversion from a radar's r-u-v coordinate system to a Cartesian coordinate system is discussed in this paper. Although the nonlinearity of this coordinate transformation appears insignificant based on the evaluation of the bias of the converted measurements, it is shown that this nonlinearity can cause significant covariance inconsistency in the conventional (first order) converted measurements (CM1). Since data association depends critically on filter consistency, this issue is very important. Following this, it is shown that a suitable corrected version (with second order terms) of the conversion equations (CM2) eliminates the inconsistency. The decision between using the standard conversion and the second order version is based on a condition ratio, namely, for an r-u-v measurement whose condition ratio is lower than a certain threshold, CM2 should be used. Results on various tracking filter using these conversions are presented in part I [1].© (2007) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A USB 2.0 computer interface for the UCO/Lick CCD cameras

The new UCO/Lick Observatory CCD camera uses a 200 MHz fiber optic cable to transmit image data and an RS232 serial line for low speed bidirectional command and control. Increasingly RS232 is a legacy interface supported on fewer computers. The fiber optic cable requires either a custom interface board that is plugged into the mainboard of the image acquisition computer to accept the fiber directly or an interface converter that translates the fiber data onto a widely used standard interface. We present here a simple USB 2.0 interface for the UCO/Lick camera. A single USB cable connects to the image acquisition computer and the camera's RS232 serial and fiber optic cables plug into the USB interface. Since most computers now support USB 2.0 the Lick interface makes it possible to use the camera on essentially any modern computer that has the supporting software. No hardware modifications or additions to the computer are needed. The necessary device driver software has been written for the Linux operating system which is now widely used at Lick Observatory. The complete data acquisition software for the Lick CCD camera is running on a variety of PC style computers as well as an HP laptop.
Sickle Cell Trait and Sudden Death

Sickle cell trait is found in approximately 8% of African Americans and in less than I % in those not of African descent, I I ,2) most of whom are unaware of their status with the disease. This is primarily because the sickle cell trait is generally considered benign with the absence of symptoms. Studies have indicated that individuals with sickle cell trait have normal life expectancy,II) no deficiencies in growth and development, uncomplicated pregnan­ cies,(3) no increased risk of cerebrovascular acci­ dentsl I) and are not at any higher risk for peri opera­ tive complications.!I) Studies have also indicated that there is no evidence of performance deficien­ cies in individuals with sickle cell trait. 14,5) The sickling of erythrocytes in individuals with sickle cell trait is found at postmortem. Because the majority of athletes with sickle cell trait are not affected, there is much contention about sickle cell trait and the risk of sudden death. The concern about sickle cell trait and sudden death emanated from case reports of military recruits. f6 -IO) These anecdotal reports discussed recruits with sickle cell trait who died suddenly under conditions of extreme heat and exertion. The fatal sequela was usually that of exertional rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, vascular endo­ thelial damage, disseminated intravascular coagu­ lation and subsequent death. Yet, many recruits with sickle cell trait performing the same tasks under the same conditions had no problems. Thus, it appears that there have to be several factors present to trigger this fatal cascade.
Lower Bounds for Testing Function Isomorphism

We prove new lower bounds in the area of property testing of boolean functions. Specifically, we study the problem of testing whether a boolean function $f$ is isomorphic to a fixed function $g$ (i.e., is equal to $g$ up to permutation of the input variables). The analogous problem for testing graphs was solved by Fischer in 2005. The setting of boolean functions, however, appears to be more difficult, and no progress has been made since the initial study of the problem by Fischer et al. in 2004. Our first result shows that any non-adaptive algorithm for testing isomorphism to a function that ``strongly'' depends on $k$ variables requires $\log k - O(1)$ queries (assuming $k/n$ is bounded away from 1). This lower bound affirms and strengthens a conjecture appearing in the 2004 work of Fischer et al. Its proof relies on total variation bounds between hypergeometric distributions which may be of independent interest. Our second result concerns the simplest interesting case not covered by our first result: non-adaptively testing isomorphism to the Majority function on $k$ variables. Here we show that $\Omega(k^{1/12})$ queries are necessary (again assuming $k/n$ is bounded away from 1). The proof of this result relies on recently developed multidimensional invariance principle tools.
Measuring the surface area of the face

A noncontact, biologically safe imaging system for measuring surface area and volume is described. It uses a technique known as structured light, a method in which the surfaces of 3-D objects are measured by projecting a regular geometric pattern onto its surface and viewing the illuminated surface using one or more cameras at different angles. The 3-D locations of points on the surface of the skin are reconstructed from the structured light, and the region of interest is segmented. After the reconstructed 3-D locations and the segmented image are combined, cubic spline interpolation is used to represent the space curves and bicubic surface patches to represent the surface area. Gaussian quadrature double integration is used to calculate the surface area. The steps necessary to do the segmentation, curve and patch representation, and surface area computation are outlined. It is found that the surface area estimates are as accurate as estimates based on visual inspection. >
Then and now: Studies using a burned mouse model reflect trends in burn research over the past 25 years

Burns commenced publication in 1974. At that time, Stieritz and Holder were working on the development of a murine model for the study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis in burned hosts. The description of this burned mouse model was published the following year [1] and since that time, over 100 primary articles utilizing the model or some permutation thereof, have been published. This model has been used world-wide, from laboratories in Switzerland [2± 10] to Japan [11±15], as well as at the Shriners Hospitals for Children in Cincinnati, where it originated. Topics investigated using the burned mouse model have varied from virulence factors in dierent microorganisms, to measurement and modulation of immune factors, to translocation issues, to numerous sepsis treatments. The particular topics studied have been driven by the state of knowledge and the concerns in burn-infection research at the time of the study. In this article, by examining changes that have occurred in the use of this burned mouse model, we will be reviewing some trends that have occurred in burn infection research over the past 25 years.
Literacy Instruction for Mainstreamed Students What Suggestions Are Provided in Basal Reading Series

In this study we investigated six widely used basal reading programs for suggestions for literacy instruction for mainstreamed special education students (MSE). The kindergarten, first-, third-, and fifth-grade materials were analyzed for each of the six basal reading programs selected. A basal analysis instrument, based on a literature review and focus-group interviews, was designed to record teaching suggestions for mse students. Only two of the basal reading programs included suggestions directed to the needs of mse students, and their suggestions were few. Discussion focuses on the need to provide general education teachers with teachers' manuals and professional development opportunities that offer explicit suggestions for meeting the needs of mse students in general education classrooms.
The Microfoundations of the Theory of the MNC: New Insight from a Psycholinguistic Study

When a firm conducts business across borders to exploit location, scale or scope economies, it inevitably encounters nontrivial costs of language communication that can dissipate the value that it ...
Isolating Potentiated Hsp104 Variants Using Yeast Proteinopathy Models

Many protein-misfolding disorders can be modeled in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proteins such as TDP-43 and FUS, implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and α-synuclein, implicated in Parkinson’s disease, are toxic and form cytoplasmic aggregates in yeast. These features recapitulate protein pathologies observed in patients with these disorders. Thus, yeast are an ideal platform for isolating toxicity suppressors from libraries of protein variants. We are interested in applying protein disaggregases to eliminate misfolded toxic protein conformers. Specifically, we are engineering Hsp104, a hexameric AAA+ protein from yeast that is uniquely capable of solubilizing both disordered aggregates and amyloid and returning the proteins to their native conformations. While Hsp104 is highly conserved in eukaryotes and eubacteria, it has no known metazoan homologue. Hsp104 has only limited ability to eliminate disordered aggregates and amyloid fibers implicated in human disease. Thus, we aim to engineer Hsp104 variants to reverse the protein misfolding implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. We have developed methods to screen large libraries of Hsp104 variants for suppression of proteotoxicity in yeast. As yeast are prone to spontaneous nonspecific suppression of toxicity, a two-step screening process has been developed to eliminate false positives. Using these methods, we have identified a series of potentiated Hsp104 variants that potently suppress the toxicity and aggregation of TDP-43, FUS, and α-synuclein. Here, we describe this optimized protocol, which could be adapted to screen libraries constructed using any protein backbone for suppression of toxicity of any protein that is toxic in yeast.
The family-friendly community and its life course fit for dual-earner couples

Much is known about family-friendly workplaces. This article examines the less understood familyfriendliness of the communities in which dual-earner couples reside. Using data from a representative sample of dual-earner couples (N ¼727) in upstate New York, we examine how individual, couple, and neighborhood characteristics are associated with perceptions of community family-friendliness. Using a life course perspective, we find that couples with young children rate their communities more favorably than do other couples. Findings also indicate that for couples with children of their own, living in a neighborhood with many other families with children is associated with higher ratings of family-friendliness. We term this match, between a couple’s life stage and their neighborhood’s demographic structure, life stage-neighborhood fit.
Software caching using dynamic binary rewriting for embedded devices

A software cache implements instruction and data caching entirely in software. Dynamic binary rewriting offers a means to specialize the software cache miss checks at cache miss time. We describe a software cache system implemented using dynamic binary rewriting and observe that the combination is particularly appropriate for the scenario of a simple embedded system connected to a more powerful server over a network. As two examples, consider a network of sensors with local processing or cell phones connected to cell towers. We describe two software cache systems for instruction caching only using dynamic binary rewriting and present results for the performance of instruction caching in these systems. We measure time overheads of 19% compared to no caching. We also show that we can guarantee a 100% hit rate for codes that fit in the cache. For comparison, we estimate that a comparable hardware cache would have space overhead of 12-18% for its tag array and would offer no hit rate guarantee.
Managerial Use of Power Bases in a Model of Managerial Empowerment Practices and Employee Psychological Empowerment

This paper explores the potentially central role that managers play in a model of empowerment. Issues of organizational goal accomplishment and employee trust often plague application of empowermen...
Variable Interval Sampling Based Time Varying Tracking Control With Application to Camless Engine

This paper investigates the variable interval sampling based time-varying tracking control in the rotational angle domain. It is found that more sampling points per revolution provide better tracking performance but increase the computational burden. To solve the problem, a varying interval sampling approach is presented to optimize the angular sampling interval for the reference profile, while maintaining the same total number of sampling points. The tracking performance is improved by considering the tracking errors between the sampling points in selecting the optimal sampling intervals. Experimental results from a time-varying internal model based camless engine valve actuation system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. A quantitative analysis helps to highlight the strength of the variable interval sampling on less computational complexity and better tracking performance.Copyright © 2014 by ASME