cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple carcinomas of the large intestine: a review of the literature and a study of 261 cases.

Summary 1. The literature concerning multiple colonic carcinomas has been reviewed. 2. We have presented data on 261 cases in which multiple carcinomas of the colon were seen at the Mayo Clinic from January 1, 1944, through December 31, 1953. This represents a known rate of occurrence of 4.3 per cent. 3. The concept of carcinoma of the colon as a multicentric lesion has been discusbed. 4. A marked tendency to multiplicity has been observed in carcinoma of the colon associated with multiple polyposis or with chronic ulcerative colitis. 5. We have obtained some evidence of hereditary factors in predisposition to malignant disease of the colon. 6. When the diagnosis of a malignant lesion of the colon or rectum has been made, the entire large bowel must be considered a potential source of malignant disease. An integral part of the management of carcinoma of the large bowel must be constant vigilance to ensure early diagnosis and adequate treatment of both simultaneous and interval lesions.
Dispersion oxygenation for effecting survival of dogs breathing pure nitrogen for prolonged periods.

SummaryA new method of blood oxygenation by gas dispersion was tested by subjecting dogs, under local anesthesia and morphine sedation, to conditions of complete anoxic anoxia by substituting pure nitrogen for air as the respiratory gas for about one hour.If a minimum blood flow of approximately 40 ml/kg/min was maintained, the animals survived the experiment without loss of consciousness, and recovered completely without exhibiting any neurological signs of anoxic damage.
The Evolution of Melanism in Six Species of North American Geometrid Moths

In Europe and in North America melanic forms of many species of moths are increasing in relative frequency, and spreading through large parts of the range of some species. The evolution of melanism in six species of North American Geometridae is described and compared with similar events in related or similar European species. Possible future trends in the evolution of melanism in moths are considered, and an appeal is made for collectors to provide further information.
Most Common Publication Types in Radiology Journals:: What is the Level of Evidence?

Rationale and Objectives This study aimed to assess the most common publication types in radiology journals, as well as temporal trends and association with citation frequency. Materials and Methods PubMed was searched to extract all published articles having the following “Publication Type” indices: “validation studies,” “meta-analysis,” “clinical trial,” “comparative study,” “evaluation study,” “guideline,” “multicenter study,” “randomized study,” “review,” “editorial,” “case report,” and “technical report.” The percentage of articles within each category published within clinical radiology journals was computed. Normalized percentages for each category were also computed on an annual basis. Citation counts within a 2-year window following publication were obtained using Web of Science. Overall trends were assessed. Results Publication types with the highest fraction in radiology journals were technical reports, evaluation studies, and case reports (4.8% to 5.8%). Publication types with the lowest fraction in radiology journals were randomized trials, multicenter studies, and meta-analyses (0.8% to 1.5%). Case reports showed a significant decrease since 1999, with accelerating decline since 2007 (P = 0.002). Publication types with highest citation counts were meta-analyses, guidelines, and multicenter studies (8.1 ± 10.7 to 12.9 ± 5.1). Publication types with lowest citation counts were case reports, editorials, and technical reports (1.4 ± 2.4 to 2.9 ± 4.3). The representation in radiology journals and citation frequency of the publication types showed weak inverse correlation (r = −0.372). Conclusions Radiology journals have historically had relatively greater representation of less frequently cited publication types. Various strategies, including methodological training, multidisciplinary collaboration, national support networks, as well as encouragement of higher level of evidence by funding agencies and radiology journals themselves, are warranted to improve the impact of radiological research.
RESEARCH ON THE DISINFECTANT RESISTANCE AND RELATED GENES OF CLINICALLY ISOLATED STRAIN OF Staphylococcus aureus

Objective To study the disinfectant resistance and related disinfectant-resistant genes of clinically isolated strain of Staphylococcus aureus.Methods Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Kirby-Bauer method were used to detect the positive percentage of disinfectant-resistant genes and resistance on antibiotic and disinfectant of clinically isolated strain of S.aureus.Results The positive rate of qac(A) gene was 18% in 50 clinically isolated strains of S.aureus.The positive percentage of qac(A) in the MRSA was 21.05% and the positive percentage of qac(A) in the MSSA was 8.33%.50 strains were resistant to 15 kinds of antimicrobial agents with different extent,but all strains were sensitive to vancomycin.There was S.aureus survived when exposed to 200 mg/L Iodophors and 300 mg/L benzal ammonium chloride for 7.5 min and 500 mg/L active chlorine for 10 min.Conclusion The positive rate of qac(A) gene is 18% in clinically isolated of S.aureus.All the strains are multiple drug-resistant and part of strains are resistant to disinfectant containing chlorine.
Epidemic situation of HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men in different places in Sanya

Objective To understand the infection, relevant knowledge and behavior of AIDS in men who have sex withmen(MSM) in different place in Sanya city for working out effective health education and preventive intervention measures.Methods Classification of snowball sampling method was used to launch a questionnaire survey among MSM in bars, parks,schools and network, and bloody samples were collected for detection of HIV, syphilis and anti- HCV antibody. Results Three hundred and ninety-two MSM were surveyed including139 persons from bars, 57 persons from parks, 76 persons fromschools,120 persons from network. The infection rate of HIV among MSM from bar, park, school and network was 10.8%,14.0%,1.3% and 5.8%.The infection rate of HIV among MSM from parks was the highest(P0.05).Statistically significant differencesamong marital status, awareness rate of AIDS,anal sex and commercial sex with the same sex, sex with isomerism and condomusing among MSM in different places were noticed(P0.05). Conclusion The infection rates of HIV, demographiccharacteristics, awareness rate of AIDS knowledge and high-risk behavior of MSM in different places were different. There wasunprotected high-risk sex behavior, the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was low, the infection rate of HIV was high. Theepidemic situation of HIV was severe. Thus specific health education and behavior interventional measure should be carriedout.
Field Application Effect of Snail Control Using Soil Pasting Mixed With Niclosamide in Deyang

Objective To evaluate the application effect of soil pasting mixed with niclosamide in Deyang city.Methods In schistosomiasis endemic regions of Deyang city,method of soil pasting with niclosamide was used to control snail in spring or autumn;meanwhile,control group was set.The baseline investigation was carried out before snail control.The mortality rate and density of snail before and after using molluscicide were analyzed 30 days later,and the further effect in soil pasting group was observed one year later.Results The decrease rates of snail area in experimental group and control group were respectively 79.60% and 53.51% after 30 days,and the average decrease rates of snail density were 96.85% and 62.66% respectively.In soil pasting group,the average decrease rate of snail density was about 80% in soil pasting group after one year.Conclusion Soil pasting mixed with niclosamide can keep the effect of molluscicide for a long time,and the control effect is eminent both inside and outside soil.The dosage of 6g/m2 in soil pasting mixed with niclosamide is suggested in snail control in field work.
4-[(E)-4-Hydroxybut-2-en-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenol

The title compound, C11H14O3, was synthesized by a cross-metathesis reaction. The dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the butenol side chain is 30.2 (2)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers are formed through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and these are linked into chains by additional O—H⋯O contacts. These chains are linked into sheets in the bc plane by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
The Motivation Argument for Non-Cognitivism

This passage from Hume’s Treatise is often cited as the inspiration for the Motivation Argument for non-cognitivism, an argument that can be stated more explicitly as follows: (1) Actions are the product of agents’ desires about the ways things are to be and their beliefs about what they can do to make things those ways.
Human breast tissues studied by IR Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy

The application of FT IR Raman spectroscopy to biological and biomedical materials is a new and rapidly evolving method. It has been shown that near-infrared excitation coupled with Fourier-transforms of the total scattered photon intensity can efficiently eliminate the large fluorescence emission. In this presentation near-infrared Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy is applied for the first time to obtain the vibrational Raman spectra from breast benign tissue, benign tumors, and malignant tumors.
Dynamic modeling of collective cell migration on an elastic substrate of extracellular matrix fiber network

We have developed a stochastic model for simulating spatiotemporal behaviors of multiple cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) during collective cell migration on an elastic substrate. The collective cell migration model is integrated from three modules of simulations, such as 1) intracellular mechanics of cellular and nuclear membranes, contractile actin stress fibers, and focal adhesion dynamics, 2) structural mechanics of ECM fiber networks, and 3) intercellular mechanics via cadherin bonds. This work is motivated by experimental studies of collective cell migration, which shows complex traction dynamics of collective cell migrations on compliant substrates, and suggests a global tug-of-war involving cells back from the leader cells. The stochastic model presented in this work suggests the mechanistic interplay between two neighboring cells via elastic ECM fiber networks in the process of wound healing. The work presented here demonstrates the tug-of-war between of two neighboring cells; how directions and magnitudes of intercellular traction forces through cadherin bonds are varied as well as traction force fields in the elastic substrate.
Cell regeneration and sustained division of protoplasts from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

Protoplasts were isolated from 12 day old subcultured phytohormone habituated callus tissue of Gossypium hirsutum L. (0.5% cellulysin-Calbiochem, 0.6% macerase-Calbiochem, 0.7M mannitol, and pH 5.0). After separation and purification (0.35M sucrose floatation medium), the protoplasts were cultured (K3 media of Kao et al., 1974 with 0.9 μM BAP, 5 μM IAA and 0.35M sucrose) in both liquid and solid medium at a density of 5×105 protoplasts/ml. Four weeks after isolation, cell regeneration and callus formation was observed.
Structure, Dynamics, and Function of the Membrane Associated SRC Family Kinase HCK

The Src family kinases (SFKs) are a group of nine non-receptor tyrosine kinases known for their involvement in critical signal transduction pathways. Structurally, SFKs share a common multi-domain architecture, consisting of SH3, SH2, and catalytic (SH1) domains attached to a membrane-anchoring SH4 domain through an intrinsically disordered ∼80 residue region of low sequence conservation called the Unique (U) domain. Despite the wealth of information on SFK structure and function, little is known about the nature of these enzymes in the membrane-associated form. Interestingly, SH4-U domains in different species share common sequence features, despite differences between SFK members, arguing for their importance in differentiating the functions of SFKs and raising questions about their ability to participate in SFK signaling.Hematopoetic cell kinase (Hck), a phagocyte specific proto-oncogene member of the SFKs, is a potential drug target for HIV infections and Bcr/Abl-chronic myeloid leukemia. To achieve structural characterization of the membrane-associated Hck via its SH4-U domains, data from solution and solid-state NMR, neutron reflection, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer were computationally integrated using a novel maximum-entropy multi-resolution “restrained-ensemble molecular dynamics” (reMD) simulation scheme. This framework has allowed us to detail features of the membrane-protein complex at atomic resolution and identify possible new constraints on Hck's ability to phosphorylate downstream targets. In vivo assays are being developed to test the relevance of these findings.
Adoptive Immunotherapy Against Brain Tumors

Immunotherapeutic approaches against solid tumors can be curative with a demonstrably high degree of specificity, and adoptive T-cell therapies have proven to be highly efficacious platforms against metastatic disease. Superior clinical outcomes in response to adoptive immunotherapeutic strategies are correlated with antitumor function, intratumoral migration, and persistence of adoptively transferred tumor-specific T cells at the tumor site. Curative treatment requires expanded T cells with exquisite specificity of recognition between normal and malignant cells. The use of ex vivo expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes therapy has demonstrably been efficacious against highly immunogenic peripheral tumors. Alternatively, engineering of autologous peripheral lymphocytes to be tumor specific has demonstrated antitumor reactivity and treatment success in both murine and human systems. Here we explore current clinically applicable adoptive cell therapy methods to potentially treat brain tumors.
EFFECT OF ALPHA-AMYLASE PRODUCED BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS ON MAIZE KERNEL STARCH

Bacillus subtilis was studied for extracellular α-amylase production. Bacillus subtilis has been reported as one of the important α-amylase producer. Hence, attempt has been made to study the growth profile and enzyme production by the bacteria. Growth activity was analyzed and enzyme activity was calculated by using Iodine assay and DNSA assay. The yield of α-amylase reached 11g/100 ml at 28h growth and started declining after that due to low glucose concentration in the medium. Growth for liquefying action showed the maximum enzyme production and 35U/ml was achieved at 72h cultivation and was found to decline after that. It is reported that α-amylase production in lower volume does not reduce to the extent as in higher volume as 100ml. The reasons have been discussed during the work. It was observed that maximum alpha amylase production by Bacillus subtilis occurred when cell population reached the peak. The activity of α-amylase enzyme was observed on maize starch hydrolysis. The enzyme preparation had affinity towards maize starch granule and was almost completely absorbed onto it. Maltose was released as the main end product on hydrolysis of raw maize starch. A strain Bacillus subtilis, produced α amylase with characteristics suitability for application in maize starch processing. KEYWORDS - α amylase, Bacillus subtilis, growth curve, maize starch hydrolysis
Comparison of Pre-Revision Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Operative Findings in Mechanically Assisted Crevice Corrosion in Symptomatic Metal-on-Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasties.

Abstract Background Failed total hip arthroplasty (THA) caused by mechanically assisted crevice corrosion (MACC) has serious consequences—notably, adverse local tissue reactions. Metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to evaluate failed THA for other reasons but has not been assessed for the analysis of cases of MACC in the setting of metal-on-polyethylene arthroplasties. Methods We examined the correlation between preoperative MARS MRI and surgical findings in a cohort of 20 consecutive patients undergoing revision THA for symptomatic MACC without other associated orthopedic diagnoses. Surgical findings included soft tissue and bone evaluation, presence and location of fluid, abductor disruption, composite tissue damage grade, and prosthesis trunnion damage at the time of revision. Results MARS MRI complex synovitis, thickened pseudocapsule, and extra-articular fluid extension each strongly correlated with both the soft-tissue damage grade and trunnion damage noted at surgery. Bone marrow edema was also found to strongly correlate with bone necrosis intraoperatively. Conclusion MARS MRI is an excellent diagnostic tool for evaluation of patients with elevated serum Co after metal-on-polyethylene THA. Patients with complex synovitis, a thick pseudocapsule, bone marrow edema, and extra-articular fluid should strongly consider revision surgery.
Cleaning of magnetic nanoparticle surfaces via cold plasmas treatments

We report surface cleaning of magnetic nanoparticles (SmCo5 nanochips and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles) by using cold plasma. SmCo5 nanochips and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, coated with surfactants (oleic acid and oleylamine, respectively) on their surfaces, were treated in cold plasmas generated in argon, hydrogen or oxygen atmospheres. The plasmas were generated using a capacitively coupled pulsed radio frequency discharge. Surface cleaning of nanoparticles was monitored by measurement of the reduction of surface carbon content as functions of plasma processing parameters and treatment times. EDX and XPS analyses of the nanoparticles, obtained after the plasma treatment, revealed significant reduction of carbon content was achieved via plasma treatment. The SmCo5 nanochips and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles treated in an argon plasma revealed reduction of atomic carbon content by more than 54 and 40 in atomic percentage, compared with the untreated nanoparticles while the morphology, crystal structures and magnetic properti...
Genocide Discourses: American and Russian Strategic Narratives of Conflict in Iraq and Ukraine

This paper presents the concept of “genocide discourses”, defined as a type of strategic narrative that shapes the way individuals and groups position themselves and others and act, playing a critical role in the production of violence and efforts to reduce it. Genocide discourses tend to present genocide as fundamentally a-political, and hold that genocidal systems are dislodged only when they are swept away through external violence. Secondly, genocide discourses are built on an assumption that the victims of genocide are necessarily moral innocents, not parties in conflict. These two factors make genocide discourses highly effective in conferring moral capital upon certain actors in a conflict. The two principles converge to produce strategic narratives that direct political and military actions in certain ways in the context of contentious conflicts and political violence, motivating humanitarian responses in defense of certain groups, or sustaining popular support for foreign wars. The paper illustrates the argument by examining two case studies between 2014 and 2017: the debates in the United States over Islamic State genocides, and the conflict between Ukraine and Russia.
Trends in dextromethorphan cough and cold products: 2000-2015 National Poison Data System intentional abuse exposure calls.

Context: Recent restrictions in access to and availability of dextromethorphan (DXM) cough and cold medications may correlate with changes in abuse exposures.Objective: To extend and update existin...
Causes of Artificial Urinary Sphincter Failure and Strategies for Surgical Revision: Implications of Device Component Survival

Abstract Background Up to 50% of patients receiving an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) require surgical revision after initial placement. However, the literature is heterogeneous regarding the leading causes of AUS failure and appropriate surgical management. Objective To inform a revision approach by tabulating the causes of AUS failure, assessing AUS component survival, and examining the single-component revision efficacy. Design, setting, and participants We retrospectively reviewed 168 patients receiving AUS placements carried out by a single surgeon from 2008 to 2016 at a high-volume academic institution. The median follow-up from initial placement was 2.7 yr, with 37.5% experiencing recurrent incontinence. The cuff size ranged from 4.0 to 5.5cm, with median size of 4.5cm. Intervention Patients without infection or erosion underwent systematic device interrogation and revision, starting with the pressure-regulating balloon (PRB) and then, if necessary, the urethral cuff. Device revision involved either PRB-only correction or cuff and PRB revision. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis We used bootstrapped intervals to estimate the mean time to failure for individual AUS components. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to compare survival for individual components and for revised devices by revision technique. Results and limitations PRB malfunction most commonly caused device failure, while cuff or pump malfunction was rare. Among patients undergoing surgical revision, those with PRB-only correction had similar outcomes to those with more extensive device correction (cuff and PRB exchange; p =0.46). This study, while systematic and detailed, is limited by sample size, follow-up length, and its retrospective nature. Conclusions PRB malfunction most commonly caused AUS failure in our cohort. PRB-only correction may satisfactorily restore AUS function in select patients. Consequently, initial interrogation of the PRB may avoid a second incision and urethral exposure for many patients requiring AUS revision. Patient summary Artificial urinary sphincters remain prone to failure over time. In many instances, correcting only the pressure-regulating balloon may effectively restore device function, allowing for a less invasive revision.
Theory and Simulation of Attractive Nanoparticle Transport in Polymer Melts

We theoretically study the diffusion of a single attractive nanoparticle (NP) in unentangled and entangled polymer melts based on combining microscopic “core–shell” and “vehicle” mechanisms in a dynamic bond percolation theory framework. A physical picture is constructed which addresses the role of chain length (N), degree of entanglement, nanoparticle size, and NP–polymer attraction strength. The nanoparticle diffusion constant is predicted to initially decrease with N due to the dominance of the core–shell mechanism, then to cross over to the vehicle diffusion regime with a weaker N dependence, and eventually plateau at large enough N. This behavior corresponds to decoupling of NP diffusivity from the macroscopic melt viscosity, which is reminiscent of repulsive NPs in entangled melts, but here it occurs for a distinct physical reason. Specifically, it reflects a crossover to a transport mechanism whereby nanoparticles adsorb on polymer chains and diffuse using them as “vehicles” over a characteristic d...
Abstract 13736: Mast Cell Activation During Aortic Repair Requiring Circulatory Arrest is Associated With Hemodynamic Instability and Indications of End-Organ Injury

Background: Systemic inflammatory responses after cardiac surgery are associated with hemodynamic instability and an increased risk of end-organ injury. We recently identified mast cell activation ...
A uGNI-based MPICH2 nemesis network module for the cray XE

Recent versions of MPICH2 have featured Nemesis - a scalable, highperformance, multi-network communication subsystem. Nemesis provides a framework for developing NetworkModules (Netmods) for interfacing the Nemesis subsystem to various high speed network protocols. Cray has developed a user-level Generic Network Interface (uGNI) for interfacing MPI implementations to the internal high speed network of Cray XE and follow-on computer systems. This paper describes the design of a uGNI Netmod for the MPICH2 nemesis subsystem. MPICH2 performance data on the Cray XE are presented.
The combination of induced pluripotent stem cells and bioscaffolds holds promise for spinal cord regeneration

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are debilitating conditions for which no effective treatment currently exists. The damage of neural tissue causes disruption of neural tracts and neuron loss in the spinal cord. Stem cell replacement offers a solution for SCI treatment by providing a source of therapeutic cells for neural function restoration. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been investigated as a potential type of stem cell for such therapies. Transplantation of iPSCs has been shown to be effective in restoring function after SCIs in animal models while they circumvent ethical and immunological concerns produced by other stem cell types. Another approach for the treatment of SCI involves the graft of a bioscaffold at the site of injury to create a microenvironment that enhances cellular viability and guides the growing axons. Studies suggest that a combination of these two treatment methods could have a synergistic effect on functional recovery post-neural injury. While much progress has been made, more research is needed before clinical trials are possible. This review highlights recent advancements using iPSCs and bioscaffolds for treatment of SCI.
Intercalating Single-Atom Metal Centers into an Organic Monolayer with a Full-Sample Coverage.

Thiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been widely used as a straightforward method to functionalize the surface of a common substrate with selective organic functional groups. Here we desc...
Bioethics and Reason in a Secular Society: Reclaiming Christian Bioethics

Bioethics evolved from traditional physician ethics and theological ethics. It has become important in contemporary discussions of Medicine and ethics. But in contemporary secular societies the foundations of bioethics are minimal in their content and often rely on procedural ethics. The bioethics of particular communities, particularly religious communities, are richer than the procedural ethics of a secular society. Religious bioethics, situated within religious communities, are richer in content in general and in the lived reality.
Microenvironment control of porphyrin binding, organization, and function in peptide nanofiber assemblies

To take peptide materials from predominantly structural to functional assemblies, variations in cofactor binding sites must be engineered and controlled. Here, we have employed the peptide sequence c16-AHX3K3-CO2H where X3 represents the aliphatic structural component of the peptide design that dictates β-sheet formation and upon self-assembly yields a change in the overall microenvironment surrounding the Zn protoporphyrin IX ((PPIX)Zn) binding site. All peptides studied yield β-sheet rich nanofibers highlighting the materials' resiliency to amino acid substitution. We highlight that the (PPIX)Zn binding constants correlate strongly with amino acid side chain volume, where X = L or I yields the lowest dissociation constant values (KD). The resulting microenvironment highlights the materials' ability to control interchromophore electronic interactions such that slip-stacked cofacial arrangements are observed via exciton splitting in UV/visible and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence suggests that greater interchromophore packing yields larger excimer populations and corresponding longer excimer association lifetimes (τA) which directly translates to shorter exciton diffusion lengths. In comparison to synthetic porphyrin molecular assemblies, this work demonstrates the ability to employ the peptide assembly to modulate the degree of cofactor arrangement, extent of excimer formation, and the exciton hopping rates all while in a platform amenable for producing polymer-like materials.
Assessing the Leadership of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: Xi Jinping

President Xi Jinping is a pivotal actor on the world stage and holds powerful positions within both the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party. Assessing the president of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is an increasingly important subject as the United States shifts more diplomatic and military resources to Pacific to implement their Pivot to Asian strategy. The aim of this paper is to evaluate academic literature that focuses on Xi Jinping as the current leader of the People’s Republic of China. That information will then be analyzed using techniques derived from literature on political leadership studies such as political psychology. The literature from two schools of political leadership study will be applied to the presidency of Xi Jinping resulting in a comprehensive assessment of his leadership style.
A phase Ib trial of cabozantinib in combination with durvalumab (MEDI4736) in previously treated patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer and other gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies (CAMILLA).

TPS56Background: GI malignancies including Gastric (GC), esophageal (EAC), colon (CRC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain a significant health problem in the US & globally. The current stan...
Enacting Virtual Reality: The Philosophy and Cognitive Science of Optimal Virtual Experience.

The standard approach to immersive virtual reality (VR) is arguably “object-centric” in that it aims to design physically realistic virtual experiences. This article deems the object-centric approach both philosophically and theoretically problematic and builds up to an alternative, “action-predicated” approach, whose aim is to simulate virtual experiences with a primary emphasis on pragmatic functionality instead. Section 1 lays out the rationale of the article and provides an outline for its general structure. Section 2 illustrates the nature of the problem being tackled and articulates a philosophically motivated critique, demonstrating the necessary limitations of the standard approach, as well as the need for an alternative. Section 3 draws on the enactive approach to cognitive science and begins the formulation of such an alternative. Section 4 completes the turn toward an action-predicated approach and argues, in particular, for a flow-based conception of immersive VR experience. Section 5 systematically discusses the methodological implications of the theoretical merits of this article by examining a design probe, Wake, conducted on participants (N = 25) in a mixed reality (MR) setting. Finally, Sect. 6 constitutes the conclusion of this article, wherein its philosophical, theoretical, and methodological efforts, as well as possible avenues for future research, are briefly noted.
Poetics of Palliation: Romantic Literary Therapy, 1790-1850

Can literature heal? The Poetics of Palliation argues that our answers to this question have origins in the Romantic period. In the past twenty years, health humanists and scholars of literature and medicine have drawn on Romantic ideas to argue that literature cures by making sufferers whole again. But this model oversimplifies how Romantic writers thought literature addressed suffering. Poetics documents how writers like William Wordsworth and Mary Shelley explored palliative forms of literary medicine: therapies that stressed literature's manifold relationship to pain and its power to sustain, comfort, and challenge even when cure was not possible. The book charts how Romantic writers developed these palliative poetics in conversation with their medical milieu. British medical ethics was first codified during the Romantic period. Its major writers, John Gregory and Thomas Percival, endorsed a palliative mandate to compensate for doctors' limited curative powers. Similarly, Romantic writers sought palliative approaches when their work failed to achieve starker curative goals. The startling diversity of their results illustrates how palliation offers a more comprehensive metric for literary therapy than the curative traditions we have inherited from Romanticism. 'This erudite and beautifully written book stages a dialogue between historicist work on Romanticism and medicine, disability studies, and the emerging field of the health humanities. Starting from the premise that the Romantic period was the first to conceive of literature as the stuff of medical therapy, Pladek shows it was also the first to criticise a naive version of that view. In five crisp chapters, she shows how writers as diverse as Coleridge, Wordsworth, Keats, Thomas Lovell Beddoes, John Stuart Mill and Mary Shelley thought of literature as a palliative, not a cure, for human suffering. In each of these discussions, she reveals how romantic literature anticipated some of the most controversial ideas in the health humanities today, notably the notion that to be effective medicine must treat the whole person, and she also traces fascinating genealogies of a great many ideas in modern medicine that are assumed to have no romantic pedigree. The result is an interdisciplinary dialogue of the first order and a literary tour de force.' Neil Vickers, University College London 'The Poetics of Palliation offers a serious and expert engagement with the field of the health humanities as a legacy of Romantic literature and criticism. Extensively researched, it will be an invaluable resource for anyone interested the relationship between those two areas, as well as in the intertwined genealogies of therapeutic holism, the New Criticism, and certain strains of liberalism. A reparative reader in the sense proposed by Eve Sedgwick, Pladek maintains her commitment to literature's ability to give and to model care, but without assuming that it can – or should – cure.'
Fragile Chromosome Sites

A fragile site is the term given to areas of chromosomes that show a liability to DNA replicative stress resulting in gaps or breaks. Initially described in a common form of inherited intellectual disability, fragile X syndrome, over a hundred fragile sites have since been discovered throughout the entire genome. While only two of these fragile sites are associated with known syndromes, the role of the remaining fragile sites in human biology is still unclear. There are reports associating them with everything from benign to disease causing to certain cancer predisposition and developmental regulation.
Formation Control of VTOL-UAVs Under Directed and Dynamically-Changing Topologies

This paper addresses the formation control problem of a group of Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) under directed and dynamically-changing interconnection graphs. Based on the hierarchical control design framework, we present a distributed algorithm that steers the vehicles to a desired geometric shape using only local interaction between the vehicles. The proposed algorithm is based on instrumental dynamic systems that ensure a singularity-free operation of each vehicle and achieve our control objective under a directed graph containing a spanning tree frequently enough. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Mobile Health and Inhaler-Based Monitoring Devices for Asthma Management

Mobile health and web applications (apps), wearables, and other personal monitoring devices have tremendous potential to improve the management of asthma. More than 500 asthma-related apps, whether standalone or paired with sensors on inhalers, are currently available for health education, symptom recording, tracking of inhaler use, displaying environmental alerts, and providing medication reminders. Benefits of these tools include the ability to longitudinally collect symptom, trigger, and inhaler usage data, allowing the detection of significant changes over time to help patients and their caregivers determine whether symptoms are worsening. In addition, data from external information sources, including weather, allergen, and air quality reports, can be integrated with user-specific data to enhance predictions on when patients may experience symptoms and/or need to avoid triggers. Barriers to adoption of asthma-related apps and inhaler-based devices include uncertain efficacy and effectiveness, potential high cost, sustained user engagement, and concerns about privacy. Moreover, ensuring the acceptability and utility of asthma management apps for individuals of all races/ethnicities, socioeconomic groups, ages, genders, and literacy levels is necessary. Based on studies thus far, mobile health apps and inhaler-based devices have great potential to serve as useful tools in the patient-doctor relationship and revolutionize asthma care.
Is the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory-Epilepsy for Youth (NDDI-E-Y) more sensitive than a neurologist? A quality improvement project.

Abstract Purpose Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy. This quality improvement project compared a standardized rating scale, the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory-Epilepsy for Youth (NDDI-E-Y), with physician opinion to see if it improved sensitivity to depressive symptoms. Results A convenience sample of thirty adolescents with epilepsy ages 12–17 (mean [M] = 15.02, standard deviation [SD] = 1.81; 53% female) participated in the screening. Thirteen percent of the sample scored in the Elevated range on the NDDI-E-Y (exceeded cutoff). Seven percent of the sample were rated by the physician as definitely showing signs of depression. There were two false negatives when the NDDI-E-Y score exceeded the established cutoff, but physician rating was negative for depressive symptoms. Conclusion This pilot project shows that the NDDI-E-Y is a convenient clinical tool with the potential to improve sensitivity in the detection of depressive symptoms in adolescents with epilepsy.
The Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Are they Double-degenerate Binaries? The Symbiotic Channel

In order for a white dwarf (WD) to achieve the Chandrasekhar mass, MC , and explode as a Type Ia supernova (SNIa), it must interact with another star, either accreting matter from or merging with it. The failure to identify the class or classes of binaries which produce SNeIa is the long-standing "progenitor problem." Its solution is required if we are to utilize the full potential of SNeIa to elucidate basic cosmological and physical principles. In single-degenerate models, a WD accretes and burns matter at high rates. Nuclear-burning white dwarfs (NBWDs) with mass close to MC are hot and luminous, potentially detectable as supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs). In previous work, we showed that >90%-99% of the required number of progenitors do not appear as SSSs during most of the crucial phase of mass increase. The obvious implication might be that double-degenerate binaries form the main class of progenitors. We show in this paper, however, that many binaries that later become double degenerates must pass through a long-lived NBWD phase during which they are potentially detectable as SSSs. The paucity of SSSs is therefore not a strong argument in favor of double-degenerate models. Those NBWDs that are the progenitors of double-degenerate binaries are likely to appear as symbiotic binaries for intervals >106 years. In fact, symbiotic pre-double-degenerates should be common, whether or not the WDs eventually produce SNeIa. The key to solving the Type Ia progenitor problem lies in understanding the appearance of NBWDs. Most of them do not appear as SSSs most of the time. We therefore consider the evolution of NBWDs to address the question of what their appearance may be and how we can hope to detect them.
Pectinmethylesterase affects the flow behavior of orange pulp.

In the orange juice industry, pulp (ruptured juice sacs) is separated from the juice after extraction and pasteurized separately before blending back with juice or sold for other food applications. However, pulp is not always pasteurized immediately after extraction and the flow behavior is affected by endogenous pectinmethylesterase (PME). This is particularly important because of the high power required to pump orange pulp in industrial pasteurizers. This study characterized the effect of PME on the flow behavior of citrus pulp during storage at 4 °C using rotational rheometry and during pulp storage at 22 °C using capillary rheometry. PME activity was 0.011 ± 0.001 PEU for the pulp used in rotational rheometry and 0.030 ± 0.002 PEU for the pulp used in capillary rheometry. Rotational rheometry was used to assess the effect of PME on the Power Law parameters at shear rates ( γ ) below those that cause slip. There were no significant differences among storage time on the flow behavior index (n). However, the consistency coefficient (K) increased with storage time. Significant differences were found after 12-hr storage increasing from 120 ± 30 Pa·sn to 160 ± 15 Pa·sn (16.7%) after 24 hr. Capillary rheomtery was used to assess the effect of PME on the pressure drop in a flow system. Significant differences were found at or after 12-hr storage. The mean pressure drop increased by 34% after 24 hr, for a flow rate of 50 × 10-6 m3 /s (0.8 GPM) in an 8.9-m long (29.2 ft), 0.022-m (1-in) diameter pipe. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Design and optimization of processing equipment and industrial handling systems of orange pulp require detailed knowledge of its rheological (flow) properties. Citrus pulp is rich in pectinmethylesterase, an enzyme that causes thickening of the product when not inactivated during pasteurization. Understanding how fast PME affects the flow properties of orange pulp is important for citrus processors to decide how long pulp can be stored before pasteurizing it.
Synthesis and characterization of the dinuclear cobalt(III) complex: [(C2F5)3Co(μ-F)]22−

Abstract Reaction of the versatile tris(perfluoroethyl) cobalt(III) precursor [fac-(MeCN)3Co(C2F5)3] with [NMe4]F and [PPh4]Cl in THF formed the unexpected cobalt(III) bridging fluoride dimer [(C2F5)3Co(μ-F)]22−. The new fluoro-organometallic cobalt(III) complex was characterized by NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies, X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, and by computational methods. In the strongly coordinating solvent MeCN, [(C2F5)3Co(μ-F)]22− exhibits dynamic processes on the NMR timescale which are consistent with solvent coordination. However, in the weakly coordinating solvent CH2Cl2, a more static structure is observed suggesting that the dimer retains its structure in solution state. An electrochemical analysis of [(C2F5)3Co(μ-F)]22− was performed, and the data are compared to previously reported cobalt(III) perfluoroethyl complexes.
Enhanced Gate Driver Design for SiC-Based Generator Rectifier Unit for Airborne Applications

Featuring higher breakdown voltage, faster switching frequency, lower ON-state resistance, and smaller size in comparison to traditional Silicon (Si) IGBTs, silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs have become an attractive solution for achieving high power density and efficiency in airborne applications. However, the move to higher voltages and their more compact packages challenge the insulation design. In particular, low-pressure working condition of the aircraft degrades gas dielectric strength, which leads to an increased risk of partial discharges. Thereby, this paper presents a comprehensive design of a gate driver for SiC-based Generator Rectifier Units (GRUs) for variable frequency airborne applications. A design method to control the peak electric field in high field strength regions was used to ensure the field strength in air and the PCB dielectric remain within an acceptable range. High bandwidth Rogowski switch-current sensor (RSCS) for short-circuit (SC) and over-current (OC) protection as well as phase current reconstruction are implemented to enhance the gate driver performance. Experiments were conducted, successfully verifying the gate driver’s performance meets all the design targets.
IS THE MASSACHUSETTS LAW ON MARRIAGE OF NON-RESIDENTS A BARRIER TO THE SPREAD OF SAME-SEX MARRIAGE?

This article explores a Massachusetts law on marriage which may slow down the movement towards recognizing same-sex marriages in the United States. The Massachusetts marriage evasion law, which prohibits couples who would not be allowed to marry in the state of their domicile from being married in Massachusetts, does not violate the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution. Moreover, whether or not the courts hold the Massachusetts law constitutional will be a good indicator of how other attempts to compel interstate recognition of same-sex marriages will fare.
Nonlinear periodic waves

Systematic perturbation procedures for the analysis of nonlinear problems are reviewed. The cases when the multiplicity of an eigenvalue is finite or infinite are treated for self-sustained and forced oscillations. The possibility of the formation of shock waves is discussed. Applications to acoustic problems are presented.
Constant-round private database queries

We consider several private database query problems. The starting point of this work is the element rank problem: the server holds a database of n integers, and the user an integer q; the user wishes to find out how many database records are smaller than q, without revealing q; nothing else about the database should be disclosed. We show a non-interactive communication-efficient solution to this problem. We then use it to solve more complex private database queries: range queries, range queries in plane and higher-dimensional generalizations of element rank. We also show an improved solution to the kth ranked element problem [1], and a solution to private keyword search [9] using weaker assumptions than those of [9]. All our solutions assume semi-honest adversarial behaviour.
Thermodynamics of the binding of biotin and some analogues by avidin

1. The reaction between avidin and biotin was found to be exothermic, DeltaH being -20.3kcal./mole of biotin bound. The corresponding value of DeltaH for streptavidin was -23kcal./mole. 2. The heat evolved was independent of the pH (between 5 and 9), of the buffer (borate or ammonia) and of the fractional saturation of the avidin with biotin. 3. The entropy change for the reaction was zero, and it is suggested that the entropy increase to be expected from hydrophobic interactions was counterbalanced by a decrease in entropy accompanying the formation of buried hydrogen bonds. 4. Modification of the potential hydrogen-bonding sites of the imidazolidone ring led to a decreased heat output and a positive entropy of reaction.