cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Late GI and bladder toxicities after radiation for uterine cancer.

Abstract Objective To determine the impact of radiation treatment for corpus uteri cancer on the development of late gastrointestinal (GI) and bladder toxicities in older women. Methods We used a linked database of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program tumor registry records and Medicare claims to estimate the risk of late radiation toxicities in a population based sample of 23,591 women diagnosed with corpus uteri cancer from 1992 to 2005. Gastrointestinal (GI) and bladder diagnoses were included up to 60 months after diagnosis. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate risk of any late GI or bladder diagnosis with or without hospitalization, due to radiation. Results Women treated with radiation had an absolute increase in late GI toxicities of 7.7% and an absolute increase in late bladder toxicities of 3.9%. Most toxicities were not severe. Only 10% of irradiated women with a lower GI diagnosis and less than 1% of irradiated women with a bladder diagnosis, required hospitalization. In the multivariable analysis, advancing age, having chemotherapy, higher comorbidities and prior or early GI and bladder diagnoses were predictive of late toxicities among irradiated women. Conclusions Late GI toxicities are more common than previously reported. It is important to analyze late toxicities in population based samples of women with uterine cancer. The results of this and future analyses can be used to identify areas where development of “survivorship plans” will remind and encourage women to report symptoms related to potential toxicities.
Assays of plasma dehydrocholesteryl esters and oxysterols from Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome patients.

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding 3β-hydroxysterol-Δ7-reductase and as a result of this defect, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) and 8-dehydrocholesterol (8-DHC) accumulate in the fluids and tissues of patients with this syndrome. Both 7- and 8-DHC are susceptible to peroxidation reactions, and several biologically active DHC oxysterols are found in cell and animal models of SLOS. Ex vivo oxidation of DHCs can be a confounding factor in the analysis of these sterols and their esters, and we developed HPLC/MS methods that permit the direct analysis of cholesterol, 7-DHC, 8-DHC, and their esters in human plasma, thus avoiding ex vivo oxidation. In addition, three oxysterols were classified as endogenously formed products by the use of an isotopically-labeled 7-DHC (d7-7-DHC) added to the sample before workup, followed by MS analysis of products formed. Analysis of 17 SLOS plasma samples shows that 8-DHC linoleate correlates better with the SLOS severity score of the patients than other sterols or metabolites, including cholesterol and 7-DHC. Levels of 7-ketocholesterol also correlate with the SLOS severity score. 8-DHC esters should have utility as surrogate markers of severity in SLOS for prognostication and as endpoints in clinical trials.
Administrative and Clinical Supervision: The Impact of Dual Roles on Supervisee Disclosure in Counseling Supervision

Mental health professionals (N = 110) were surveyed about their experiences in supervision with clinical, administrative, and dual-roled supervisors (supervisors who serve in both clinical and administrative roles). The effects of supervisor training, supervisor disclosure, and supervisor role on supervisee disclosure were examined using a multiple hierarchical regression. Supervisor disclosure explained level of supervisee disclosure regardless of supervisee role (p < .0001). Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Effects of cocaine and footshock stress on extracellular dopamine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex

Abstract The interaction between cocaine and footshock stress was evaluated by determining changes in extracellular dopamine and metabolite levels by in vivo microdialysis in the medial prefrontal cortex. In the first experiment, rats were given one of three treatments: no pretreatment (naive); or five daily injections of cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.); or daily saline. Six to seven days later, animals had a microdialysis probe implanted into the medial prefrontal cortex and an acute 20-min footshock stress (0.45 mA/200 ms per s) or sham shock was delivered. The results showed that acute footshock in daily saline pretreated rats increased medial prefrontal cortex extracellular dopamine concentrations to 203% of baseline levels. In rats pretreated with daily cocaine, this stress-induced response was completely abolished and extracellular dopamine was reduced 38% below baseline levels by 100 min post-shock. Naive animals showed a response to footshock that was intermediate between cocaine and saline pretreated rats (156% of baseline). In the second experiment, rats were given either no pretreatment (naive) or five daily 20-min footshock treatments (as above) or daily sham shock. Six to seven days later, an acute cocaine or saline injection was given. In daily sham-pretreated rats, extracellular dopamine levels were increased to 500% of baseline in response to acute cocaine. Pretreatment with daily footshock significantly reduced the response to acute cocaine (216% of baseline). Naive rats showed an intermediate increase that was not significantly different from footshock-pretreated animals (265% of baseline). Locomotor activity measured concurrently with dialysis showed a non-significant trend towards enhanced activity in daily footshock animals. The results indicate that the medial prefrontal cortex does not demonstrate neurochemical crosssensitization between footshock stress and cocaine, but instead shows apparent tolerance to a challenge following daily footshock or daily cocaine treatment.
Activation of vitellogenin synthesis in the mosquito Aedes aegypti by ecdysone

Abstract Injected β-ecdysone was found to induce the synthesis of yolk protein (vitellogenin) in adult female Aedes aegypti without a blood meal. After injection of 5 μg ecdysone per mosquito, vitellogenin constituted 80 per cent of the total protein secreted by explanted fat body, a proportion comparable to that produced by fat body from blood-fed females. Moreover, the time course of induction of vitellogenin synthesis in ecdysone-injected mosquitoes was similar to that triggered by a blood meal. Response to ecdysone is dosedependent: 0·5 μg per female was required to stimulate synthesis to 50 per cent of the level found 18 hr after a blood meal. Ecdysone was effective in decapitated or ovariectomized mosquitoes, and also when applied directly to fat body preparations in vitro. Thus it appears that ecdysone acts directly on the fat body to induce specific protein synthesis, as does the vitellogenin stimulating hormone (VSH) from the ovary of blood-fed mosquitoes. These results suggest that ecdysone can replace VSH in inducing vitellogenin synthesis in the unfed mosquito.
On the mechanism of regioselectivity control by donor substituents on electrophilic alkenes: applications to quinone cycloadditionregioselectivity

Abstract Donor substitution on alkenes slightly increases the LUMO coefficient at the site of substitution. However, nucleophiles preferentially attack the unsubstituted terminus of the alkene due to direct repulsive interactions between the nucleophile and the substituent. Secondary orbital interactions make the terminus remote from the site of substitution the most electrophilic. LUMO coefficients, or equivalent spectroscopic measures, esr hyperfine coupling in the esr spectra of radical anions, are appropriate for prediction of reactivities of unsubstituted positions but not substituted ones.
Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging: A new method for localizing regions of brain dysfunction associated with specific lexical impairments?

We investigated correlations between lexical impairments and regional infarction versus hypoperfusion in hyperacute stroke (within 24 hours of onset). Seven patients with hyperacute dominant hemisphere stroke underwent a battery of lexical tasks, and investigational MRI techniques of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging (MRPI). Lexical performance was a function of regional hypoperfusion (on MRPI) rather than region of (probably) completed infarct (on DWI). Strong correlations were found between: accuracy in auditory word comprehension and volume of left temporal and parietal hypoperfusion, and accuracy of naming and left parietal hypoperfusion. Frequent errors in repetition were associated with left temporal and/or left frontal hypoperfusion, but the volume of infarct in these areas was not significantly correlated with the rate of repetition errors. Results of this preliminary study indicate that MRPI is a promising tool for investigating the regions of hypoperfused ...
The Role of Group Consciousness in Political Participation Among Latinos in the United States

There are approximately 40 million Latinos living in the United States, which represents 13.7% of the U.S. population. Despite the growing attention the newly titled largest minority group has yielded, there is still a large question of whether this community can translate demographics into political influence. This study attempts to add to this literature by testing dominant theories of political participation in conjunction with the concept of group consciousness utilizing the 1999 Kaiser/Post National Survey of Latinos. Through the use of measures for all dimensions of group consciousness across multiple Latino subgroups, this analysis helps to clarify the role of group consciousness in Latino political behavior. Through an examination of the relationship between group consciousness and political participation across both voting and Latino-specific activities, this study suggests that group consciousness is more meaningful in the context of political activities that are directly tied to the Latino comm...
Body-weight, ABO blood-groups, and altitude of domicile as determinants of serum-uric-acid in military recruits in four countries.

Abstract The uric-acid contents of the serum (S.U.A.) of 5047 male recruits to the armies of Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and the United States were estimated. Blood-samples were collected and analysed under strictly standardised conditions. A strong association between S.U.A. and body-weight was found for the Argentinian and U.S. populations; such an association only held for Brazilians weighing over 135 1b. but there was no such association for the Colombians. In Colombia, most of which is in the high Andes, there was a significant positive correlation between S.U.A. and altitude of permanent domicile, a finding consistent with earlier work showing haemoglobin to be associated with S.U.A.; data on altitude of domicile were not available for the other countries. Analysis of covariance, using weight and age as covariates, showed men of blood-group AB to have significantly lower than average S.U.A. in Brazil, and those of blood-group B to have significantly higher than average S.U.A. in Colombia. The differences in Colombia held regardless of altitude of domicile, or of the geographical region in which the man lived.
Transition from Pediatric to Adult Health Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong disease that has great psychosocial impact on the adolescent patient and his/her family. Starting around age 12–14 years, many changes take place related
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Mandible

An attempt is made to establish specific criteria about the origin and diagnosis of central salivary gland neoplasms through a clinical review of the adenoid cystic carcinoma.
TRH in Therapeutic vs. Nontherapeutic Seizures: Affective and Motor Functions☆

Abstract We have modeled some aspects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in rats. In addition to sham-treated controls, one group received two electroconvulsive (ECS) current–doses at grand mal seizure threshold. Two more groups received three additional ECSs at two higher current–doses. Only the two suprathreshold groups showed significant antidepressant (AD) effects in the forced-swim test, but all three seizure groups showed significant increases in TRH and related peptides in anterior cortex (AC), pyriform cortex (PYR), amygdala/entorhinal cortex (AY), and hippocampus (HC). In motor cortex (MC), TRH appeared to be increased only in the lower dose suprathreshold ECS condition. No condition increased TRH in striatum (STR). These results fell short of directly implicating limbic TRH in AD effects, but in HC, MC, and STR, correlations of peptide levels with individual swim scores raise the possibility that this peptidergic system might be involved in motor as well as affective functions. Other peptides related to TRH might also be implicated in affective regulation and antidepressant effects.
Suicide Risk Protocols: Addressing the Needs of High Risk Youths Identified through Suicide Prevention Efforts and in Clinical Settings.

Several agencies have emphasized the importance of establishing clear protocols or procedures to address the needs of youths who are identified as suicidal through suicide prevention programs or in emergency department settings. What constitutes optimal guidelines for developing and implementing such protocols, however, is unclear. At the request of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, we provide an overview of recommendations, as well as steps taken in conjunction with selected prevention programs and in emergency department settings to address the needs and improve the care of these youths.
What Conception of Moral Truth Works in Bioethics

For the most part, philosophers have regarded moral truth as propositional and as what follows from the application of moral theory to particular problematic cases. Here I maintain that this is not a useful way of conceiving moral truth in bioethics. Rather, we are better off conceiving of moral truth as what emerges from a process of inquiry conducted in a certain manner. There are four elements to this process: (1) careful exploration of the embedded norms of medical practice, research, and delivery; (2) recognition of the irreducible plurality of ultimate moral values within and between these practices; (3) the cultivation and exercise of moral imagination; and (4) the attainment, however temporarily, of wide reflective equilibrium. This process, I argue, is reflected in the way bioethics is most fruitfully practiced, and it is further to be recommended by being true to the character of moral conscientiousness generally. This analysis suggests that moral truth is "unstable," but that this is not a bad thing. Further, the implication is drawn that moral theory would be better informed if formulated on the basis of paying more attention to lived moral practices.
The Authorship of the “We” Sections of the Book of Acts

How alluring and yet how elusive is the personality of the self-effacing Diarist of the Acts! Modest to the last degree and yet dignified in his quiet assurance that he is an integral part of the most significant spiritual fellowship of his day, a hero worshiper, lost in admiration for his leader and yet singularly correct in his identification of really great events, and always unwaveringly convinced that he is observing and recording consequential affairs, he nobly deserves his place in the comradeship of the Book. The more, therefore, should we like to draw this quiet workman out of his namelessness, and set him in his true place as pioneer of those historians of the clearer insight to whom the expanding church of Jesus Christ has seemed the central fact of the world's life. Can we do him
Use of an aceto-carmine procedure to examine the excysted metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni and E. trivolvis

A simple aceto-carmine procedure was developed to relax, fix, stain, and clear excystcd metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni and E. trivolvis . This procedure allowed for morphologic details on whole metacercariae comparable to those seen with more elaborate staining procedures. Differences in dimensions and staining intensities between the two species of metacercariae are described.
A new terrestrial amphipod from tertiary amber deposits of Chiapas province, Southern Mexico

Transitroides morsei new genus, new species, is described from late Oligocene Early Miocene amber deposits of Chiapas Province from southern Mexico. This new taxon is the first known fossil member of the amphipod family Talitridae and superfamily Talitroidea. It appears intermediate between regional extant palustral (salt‐marsh) genera and fully terrestrial landhoppers of the genus Caribitroides. These beetle‐like crustaceans form a significant part of the forest‐floor leaf‐litter communities in some tropical parts of the globe. Extant terrestrial amphipods occur in south‐central Mexico and adjacent rain forest habitats in Central America and the Caribbean. Their occasional use of arboreal habitats in search for decaying organic matter, which serves as food, explains their occurrence in fossilized resin.
The calculation of thermal rate constants for gas phase reactions: A semiclassical flux–flux autocorrelation function (SCFFAF) approach

A semiclassical approach to the calculation of thermal rate constants, based on the flux–flux autocorrelation function method, is presented with its applications. The autocorrelation function is generated along classical trajectories using a classical interpretation of the Boltzmannized flux operator. The activation energies for considered reactions are calculated using the G2/MP2 procedure. The forces are generated using a new parametrization of the PM3 NDDO Hamiltonian optimized for accurate gradients. Thermal rate constants for hydrogen abstraction from ethane and haloethanes by hydroxyl radical serve as a first test of this approach. Calculated results are in good agreement with cumulative rate constants for all systems considered over a range of temperature including room temperature. The approach is able to distinguish between α and β abstraction with a result for fluoroethane at room temperature that is consistent with the available experiment and trends that are in line with those expected.
An experimental investigation of the vaporous/gaseous cavity characteristics of an eccentric journal bearing

This paper describes the experimental pressure and temperature results obtained when rotating a shaft in an eccentric lucite casing at velocities raging from 209 to 628 rad/s (2000 to 6000 rpm). The results are presented in terms of three-dimensional plots and contour maps. Photographic evidence is presented to illustrate how the downstream and upstream regions of the cavity develop and evolve into the well-known finger patterns. A comparison between pressure and temperature profiles in air-saturated oil and carbon dioxide-saturated oil is presented; the origin and nature of the gases contained in the cavity are discussed. Three analytical models (Swift-Stieber, separation, Floberg) predicting the formation of the cavitation zone are presented and evaluated in light of the experimental results. A motion-picture supplement depicting these results is available upon request. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASME/ASLE Lubrication Conference in Washington, D.C., October 5–...
Lidar Observation of Elevated Pollution Layers over Los Angeles

Abstract Elevated pollution layers are observed over Los Angeles with an aircraft equipped with a downward-looking lidar. For the first time, detailed ancillary upper-air kinematic and thermodynamic data were collected simultaneously to aid in the interpretation of these elevated layers. It is concluded that upper-level winds within the inversion, orographic effects, and thermally induced changes in the depth of the mixed layer control the evolution of these layers.
The maximum entropy method in NMR

Abstract The use of the maximum entropy method (MEM) for the reconstruction of NMR spectra and MR images is discussed. The algorithm used is described and the necessity of magnitude reconstructions is explained. The signal to noise of MEM spectra is shown to be comparable to that obtained with a matched filter, without the line broadening associated with apodization. The use of the MEM for resolution enhancement in two-dimensional spectra is proposed. Problems with quantitative measurements from MEM spectra are also discussed.
Semianalytic model of electron pulse propagation: Magnetic lenses and rf pulse compression cavities

The analytical Gaussian electron pulse propagation model of Michalik and Sipe [J. Appl. Phys. 99, 054908 (2006)] is extended to include the action of external forces on the pulse. The resultant ability to simulate efficiently the effect of electron optical elements (e.g., magnetic lenses and radio-frequency cavities) allows for the rapid assessment of electron pulse delivery systems in time-resolved ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy experiments.
Long-wavelength instability in surface-tension-driven Bénard convection.

Laboratory studies reveal a deformational instability that leads to a drained region (dry spot) in an initially flat liquid layer (with a free upper surface) heated uniformly from below. This long-wavelength instability supplants hexagonal convection cells as the primary instability in viscous liquid layers that are sufficiently thin or are in microgravity. The instability occurs at a temperature gradient 35% smaller than predicted by linear stability theory. Numerical simulations show a drained region qualitatively similar to that seen in the experiment.
Rod Cocking's legacy: The development of psychological distancing

Abstract Thirty years of work on psychological distancing is discussed in this article. The psychological construct of psychological distance was applied to the development of children's developing representational abilities over 30 years ago [Sigel, I. E. (1970). The distancing hypothesis: A causal hypothesis for the acquisition of representational thought. In: M. R. Jones (Ed.), Miami symposium on the prediction of behavior, 1968: Effect of early experiences (pp. 99–118). Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press]. The construct has changed knowledge in three areas: (1) changes in the child's developmental status as a result of reflection on general properties of interactions with the world as well as maturation, (2) the effects of different modes of formal instruction in schooling on the development of children's thinking, and (3) the relationship of one's beliefs about how development occurs to behaviors with children that create “distancing experiences” for children. The distancing construct itself has been broadened further as the notion of psychological distance has been applied to areas as diverse as delay of gratification, divorce, video game play, and resolution of interpersonal conflicts [Cocking, R. R., & Renninger, K. A. (Eds.) (1993). The development and meaning of psychological distance. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum]. The distancing construct was evident in Rod Cocking's own program of psychological inquiry. However, much of his legacy to the field lies in his Educational Testing Service (ETS) work that extended the usefulness of this construct for other researchers working in a variety of domains of development and in his ability to see the implications of research from this perspective for the lives of children.
MAPPing dark networks: A data transformation method to study clandestine organizations

There is a growing consensus that dark networks require special methodological considerations, but little attention has been devoted to determining which data transformation processes are best suited to the study of dark networks. Standard approaches to the transformation of multi-modal data “fold” matrices, by binarizing the network and multiplying it against its transpose. Unfortunately, this process produces exaggerated results when applied to weighted networks, and consequently researchers often disregard information on tie-strength when transforming data. This paper evaluates previous attempts to overcome this limitation and assesses projection methods discovered by biologists and physicists, who have studied the problem of transforming weighted multi-modal networks within the specific context of these disciplines. However, the assumptions underlying these transformation processes limit their applicability to dark networks. This paper, therefore, offers the Median Additive Projection Process (MAPP), an approach to data transformation specifically designed for implementation in weighted, multi-modal dark networks. MAPP accounts for the ambiguity inherent to clandestine subject matter by treating relationship strength in a probabilistic fashion. Because agents' one-mode centrality rankings change significantly when different projection processes are applied to the same two-mode network, MAPP allows researchers to more accurately identify central actors in dark networks.
MySQL to NoSQL: data modeling challenges in supporting scalability

Software systems today seldom reside as isolated systems confined to generating and consuming their own data. Collecting, integrating and storing large amounts of data from disparate sources has become a need for many software engineers, as well as for scientists in research settings. This paper presents the lessons learned when transitioning a large-scale data collection infrastructure from a relational database to a hybrid persistence architecture that makes use of both relational and NoSQL technologies. Our examples are drawn from the software infrastructure we built to collect, store, and analyze vast numbers of status updates from the Twitter micro-blogging service in support of a large interdisciplinary group performing research in the area of crisis informatics. We present both the software architecture and data modeling challenges that we encountered during the transition as well as the benefits we gained having migrated to the hy-brid persistence architecture.
New trends in transplantation: the use of Thymoglobulin.

Background: Thymoglobulin® (Genzyme Co., Cambridge, MA, USA), rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin, is an immunosuppressive drug approved for the treatment of renal transplant rejection. Objective: To review the pharmacology, toxicity and efficacy of Thymoglobulin in solid organ and stem cell transplantations. Methods: Review of the literature, information from Genzyme and personal clinical trial experience serve as sources for this review. Conclusion: Thymoglobulin has helped to facilitate the growth of successful steroid sparing approaches to solid organ transplantation. Thymoglobulin is now incorporated into several stem cell transplantation approaches. Infection and second malignancies remain as concerns. Randomized trials are needed to compare efficacy with standard regimens.
Vehicle choice models: Review of previous studies and directions for further research☆

Abstract Vehicle choice models are reviewed and assessed. Based upon the evaluation of previous models, directions for further vehicle choice model development are suggested. Possible research options include: (1) development of joint vehicle ownership, location choice models, (2) development of improved models of vehicle purchase decisions, (3) future development of vehicle holdings models, (4) exploration of the effects of vehicle type decisions on vehicle level (number of vehicles) decisions, and (5) development of dynamic models of vehicle choice.
China's Energy and Environmental Problems and Policies

This paper describes China's energy and environmental degradation problems in terms of air pollution, water pollution, CO2 emission and shortage of energy. It discusses the laws, agencies established and policies introduced to solve the energy-environment problems as well as the practical difficulties in the implementation of government environmental policies. Finally it presents two proposals to improve the protection of China's environment.
Corporate citizenship perspectives and foreign direct investment in the U.S.

As foreign direct investment in the U.S. continues to become both more visible and controversial, the general public remains skeptical about the corporate citizenship of these foreign affiliates. Four dimensions of corporate citizenship — orientations, organizational stakeholders, issues, and decision-making autonomy — were used to compare the inclinations of foreign affiliates with the domestic firms operating in the U.S. chemical industry. The only significant differences between the U.S. sample and those firms headquartered in other countries-of-origin were found in the area of corporate citizenship decision making autonomy.
The enigma of the dorsolateral pons as a migraine generator

In this editorial, we integrate improved understanding of functional and structural brain stem anatomy with lessons learned from other disciplines on brainstem function to provide an alternative interpretation to the data used to support the brainstem migraine generator theory.
Changes in the composition and structure of glycosaminoglycans in the human placenta during development.

Changes in the Composition and Structure of Glycosaminoglycans in the Human Placenta during Development
Bone induction in craniofacial defects1

Authors – Nacamuli RP, Longaker MT Reconstruction of craniofacial bony deficiencies, whether acquired through trauma or as a result of treatment for disease, is a chronic problem. Although numerous approaches utilizing a wide array of materials ranging from alloplastic materials to autogenous bone grafts have been employed to achieve bony replacement, no ideal clinical approach exists. In this brief review, we will provide an overview of current approaches to treating craniofacial bony defects. We will then discuss advances being made in the design of scaffolding materials and potential candidate cell types with which to design tissue-engineered constructs for craniofacial skeletal repair.
Differences in Religiousness Among Black and White Women with Breast Cancer

Black women are less likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than white women but more likely to be adversely affected. However, little attention has been paid to how these women cope with the disease. Using a comparative design, this study analyzes the differences in religiousness between black and white women with breast cancer. Findings suggest that black women rely on religiousness as a coping resource to a greater extent than white women. Implications for how this information can be used in social work practice with black women are discussed.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A=178

Abstract Spectroscopic data for all nuclei with mass number A=178 have been evaluated, and the corresponding level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studles are presented. This evaluation for A=178 supersedes the earlier one by L.R. Greenwood (74Gr45), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 13 , 549 (1974).
Celiac plexus block and neurolysis for pancreatic cancer

Neurolytic celiac plexus blocks (NCPB) have been performed for many years for the treatment of cancer and some non-cancer pain conditions associated with the upper gastrointestinal tract. The block can provide adequate pain relief from the area of the distal esophagus to the transverse colon, and can be approached from a variety of ways. This is a review of the anatomy, patient selection, technique, medications used, possible complications, and efficacy of the treatment.
Selection of the structures of tunnel kiln suspended roof thermal insulation

A method has been developed for thermal calculation of suspended roofs taking into consideration the three-dimensional geometric configuration of the roof, the temperature relationship of the thermal conductivity of the materials, and the mutual irradiance of the projecting elements of the structure. An engineering program for calculation of suspended, and, as a particular case, of nonsuspended roofs was developed for Fortran IV algorithm language.
Abstract 4921: X-ray irradiation induced bio luminescence: Ex vivo and endoscopic imaging of radiobioluminescence

Accurate dose delivery to malignant tissue in radiotherapy is essential for enhancing the treatment efficacy while minimizing morbidity of surrounding normal tissues. Advances in therapeutic strategies and diagnosis technologies along with our understanding of the biology of tumor response to radiation therapy have paved way to allow nearly 60% of current cancer patients to be treated with Radiation Therapy. The confluence of molecular imaging and nanotechnology fields are bridging physics and medicine and are quickly making strides in opening new avenues and therapeutic strategies that complement radiation therapy- with a distinct footprint in immunotherapy, adoptive cell therapy, and targeted chemotherapy. Incorporating optical imaging in radiation therapy in my laboratory, endogenous bioluminescence resulting from whole body irradiation in different organs, which is distinct from the cherenkov radiation, is described here. Mice were subjected to 5 - 10 Gy X-ray irradiation doses using commercially available X-RAD 320 irradiator (1Gy/min; F2 beam hardening filter 1.5mm Al, 0.25mm Cu, 0.75mm Sn; Precision X-ray inc, USA). The endogenous bioluminescence in response to irradiation, described here as radiobioluminescence, was captured using cooled CCD camera from live subjects, and from the excised organs/tissues. Significant increase (up to 100 fold) in the amounts of photons released as bioluminescence was detected during 5 -10 min capture from the mice subjected to irradiation compared to that of the control. The GI tract contributed significant portion of this radiobioluminescence and was confirmed both by ex-vivo and minimally invasive rectal endoscopic imaging. Other organs and tissues displaying such robust increase in radiobioluminescence include skin, and fat depots. The role, evaluation, and future assessment of nutrients, nutriceuticals, microbiome, and metabolites during the course of radiation therapy become highlighted with these findings. Thus such molecular imaging methodologies and modalities described will be useful tools in radiation treatment design and process. Citation Format: Rao V. Papineni. X-ray irradiation induced bio luminescence: Ex vivo and endoscopic imaging of radiobioluminescence. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4921. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4921
Numerical study of spacing effect on unsteady blade aerodynamics in a transonic turbine stage with different turbulence models

The present study aims to simulate the unsteady flow structure induced by the relative motions of vanes and rotors in a transonic turbine stage with different spacings. Time-dependent, two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations were solved by a computer code based on the control volume method. To identify the turbulence model effect, three different two-equation turbulence models (standard k-e, RNG k-e and k-ω) were incorporated in the present code. The vane-rotor spacings, 15 and 25 mm were varied to observe the characteristics of the rotating flow field. The predictions of surface pressure coefficient distribution on vanes and rotors are in good agreement with the experimental data from a short-duration shock tunnel. Among the tested turbulence models the RNG k-e turbulence model seems most suitable to the current numerical method and grid system. The flow fields, including the development of boundary layer flow, the location of the separation bubble, the interaction of the wake with following rotor, even the flow structure multi-shocks between vanes and rotors were well simulated in the present work. Unsteady results also showed that both the total pressure loss and turbine adiabatic efficiency were little influenced by spacings varying from 15 mm to 25 mm.
Gravitational waves from solar oscillations: Proposal for a transition-zone test of general relativity

Observed oscillations of the sun with five to ten minute periods are a predicted source of gravitational radiation with a strain at the earth of approximately ~10^(-26). In the transition zone (2 πr~λ; inner part of the solar system) the dynamical character of the gravitational field emerges as a phase shift of the oscillatory tidal force relative to the phase of the solar oscillations. The phase shift is sensitive to the spin of the gravitational field, suggesting a test of the spin composition of relativistic gravity. The author investigates and compares the transition-zone phase shift for three pure-spin theories: Nordstrom's theory (a spin-0 theory), a vector theory analogous to electromagnetism (spin-1), and general relativity (spin-2); and for Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory in which gravity is a mixture of spins 2 and 0. The solar gravitational waves might be detectable, near the turn of the century, by optically linked gravitational antennae flown in space. Such detection would permit a direct measure of the spin composition of relativistic gravity.
Care of the neonate.

Surfactant administration for respiratory distress syndrome continues to make an impact on neonatal care as large controlled trials are published. Although considered safe, synthetic surfactant administration has been associated with a rare complication in the form of pulmonary hemorrhage. Despite this, significant benefits have been shown. With the approval by the FDA of two surfactant preparations, this treatment is now in widespread use. Although the mortality rate from respiratory distress syndrome and the number of ventilator days are generally decreased, surfactant effect on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia has been disappointing. Studies of steroid administration for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and steroid side effects have been published in the past year. Steroid use has become widespread for this condition, although many details of its administration and side effects have yet to be worked out. A new area of promise is the use of erythropoietin for anemia of prematurity. Natural historic data on the retinopathy of prematurity have added to our understanding of this condition and have raised new questions on its pathogenesis. Review articles and studies in the area of neonatal encephalopathy stress the need for a more accurate definition of asphyxia and discuss possible prenatal causes of this condition. An extensive review of neonatal jaundice and new recommendations for its treatment in healthy term newborns has been published but remains controversial.
Despite normal arteriogenic and angiogenic responses, hind limb perfusion recovery and necrotic and fibroadipose tissue clearance are impaired in matrix metalloproteinase 9-deficient mice

Objective The relative contributions of arteriogenesis, angiogenesis, and ischemic muscle tissue composition toward reperfusion after arterial occlusion are largely unknown. Differential loss of bone marrow-derived cell (BMC) matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), which has been implicated in all of these processes, was used to assess the relative contributions of these processes during limb reperfusion. Methods We compared collateral growth (arteriogenesis), capillary growth (angiogenesis), and ischemic muscle tissue composition after femoral artery ligation in FVB/NJ mice that had been reconstituted with bone marrow from wild-type or MMP9 −/− mice. Results Laser Doppler perfusion imaging confirmed decreased reperfusion capacity in mice with BMC-specific loss of MMP9; however, collateral arteriogenesis was not affected. Furthermore, when accounting for the fact that muscle tissue composition changes markedly with ischemia (ie, necrotic, fibroadipose, and regenerating tissue regions are present), angiogenesis was also unaffected. Instead, BMC-specific loss of MMP9 caused an increase in the proportion of necrotic and fibroadipose tissue, which showed the strongest correlation with poor perfusion recovery. Similarly, the reciprocal loss of MMP9 from non-BMCs showed similar deficits in perfusion and tissue composition without affecting arteriogenesis. Conclusions By concurrently analyzing arteriogenesis, angiogenesis, and ischemic tissue composition, we determined that the loss of BMC-derived or non-BMC-derived MMP9 impairs necrotic and fibroadipose tissue clearance after femoral artery ligation, despite normal arteriogenic and angiogenic vascular growth. These findings imply that therapeutic revascularization strategies for treating peripheral arterial disease may benefit from additionally targeting necrotic tissue clearance or skeletal muscle regeneration, or both.
Sonography of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Spleen

The diagnosis of hepatic and splenic disorders may be facilitated by the use of real-time ultrasonography. This article describes selection of equipment and the scanning techniques necessary for sonographic evaluation of the liver, gallbladder, and spleen. Emphasis is placed on normal sonographic anatomy and the changes produced by inflammatory and neoplastic disease. Percutaneous, ultrasonically guided biopsy has become an essential procedure for establishing a differential diagnosis because many hepatic and splenic diseases produce similar ultrasonic patterns.
Orientation distribution of microlites in obsidian

Abstract The shape and three-dimensional orientation distribution of microlites are measured in obsidian from Little Glass Mountain, CA. Measurements are made from thin sections using an image series of high magnification digital micrographs taken serially through different focal depths. These measurements agree well with the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured distribution of long slender rods in a Newtonian fluid undergoing simple shear flow. In this type of flow, rods in a dilute suspension rotate periodically, spending most of the time aligned with the flow. Measurements of the detailed orientation distribution integrated with theoretical models provide a tool for inferring flow dynamics and the timing of magmatic processes.
Negotiating criteria and setting limits: the case of AIDS.

The classification of clinical problems, such as AIDS, requires choices. Choices are made on epistemic (i.e., knowledge-based) and non-epistemic (i.e., action-based) grounds. That is, the ways in which we classify clinical problems, such as AIDS, involve a balancing of different understandings of clinical reality and of clinical values among participants of the clinical community. On this view, the interplay between epistemic and non-epistemic interests occurs within the embrace of particular clinical contexts. The ways in which we classify AIDS is the topic of this paper. We consider the extent to which we construct clinical reality; we examine a suggested classification of AIDS; and we conclude suggesting that the choice regarding how to classify AIDS is the result of negotiation among participants in the clinical community.
Accessory molecules for Toll-like receptors and their function

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a central role in the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent studies have shown that various accessory molecules are required for the biosynthesis and/or activation of several TLRs. A detailed knowledge of these accessory molecules is necessary to better understand the function of TLRs in the immune system.
Geometrically based manipulator rate control algorithms

Abstract An important mode of control of industrial robots which function in the point-to-point mode is rate control. The control software is set up to generate a smooth motion between two nominated hand positions by repetitively generating sets of joint rates which are used as commands to the joint servos. In this paper each step in the process is critically examined to develop a formulation which is generally applicable but which requires close to minimal computation. The formulation proposed is easily adaptable to take advantage of conjunctions or parallelisms in the joint axis geometry.
Analysis of Critical Stress for Subsurface Rolling Contact Fatigue Damage Assessment Under Roll/Slide Contact

As one of the main failure modes of component operated under rolling contact loading, the rolling contact fatigue is classified into two types: subsurface initiated and surface initiated. Different stresses such as orthogonal shear stress, maximum principle shear stress, and octahedral shear stress have been applied as the critical stresses for the assessment of the subsurface cracks’ initiation due to rolling contact fatigue. The influences of friction on distributions of the ranges of orthogonal shear stress, maximum principle shear stress, and octahedral shear stress in subsurface were analyzed with reference to the results of the reference articles. The results show that friction does influence the subsurface distributions of these stresses to a certain extent. However, the upper limits of both the maximum principle shear stress and octahedral shear stress are smaller than that of range of orthogonal shear stresses under the rolling contact conditions of usual steel components. Hence, it is more appropriate that the orthogonal shear stress be selected as the critical stress for the assessment of subsurface rolling contact fatigue.
The absorption of retinoic acids from the gastrointestinal tract is dependent upon chemical structure.

Purpose: The gastrointestinal permeability of a number of retinoic acids was determined in order to evaluate whether the gastrointestinal membrane was able to distinguish between retinoids in which the polyene chain was present in several different isomeric forms. In addition, the structure of the six-membered ring was varied in order to determine which portion of the molecule was most important for its recognition by the membrane. The role of bile salt micelle composition in the intestinal absorption of retinoids was also evaluated. Methods: In situ perfused rat intestinal segment preparations (n=78) were used, and the retinoids were each perfused at a concentration of approximately 1 µg/ml in either simple micelles of sodium taurocholate (10 mM) or mixed micelles of sodium taurocholate/egg phosphatidylcholine (10 mM/10 mM). The flow rate of the perfusate was either 0.1 or 0.35 ml/min. Results: For each retinoid, the mixed micelles were associated with a higher degree of retinoid uptake into the jejunal cells than were the simple micelles. In addition, the permeability was higher when the perfusate flow was greater, indicating that the aqueous boundary layer of the intestine contributes to the resistance to the disappearance of the retinoid from the intestinal lumen. Retinoid structure was also found to have a significant effect on the permeability in the mixed micelle systems at both low and high flow rates, but not with simple micelles. The structure of the six-membered ring was not a major determinant of the permeability. However, the permeability of the retinoids with the polyene chain in the 13-cis position was significantly greater than when the chain was all-trans or in the 9-cis position. Conclusions: The isomeric position of the polyene chain and the presence of phospholipid in the micellar vehicle have a significant influence on the membrane transport of the retinoic acids.