cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social and Individual Religious Orientations Exist Within Both Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religiosity

This research presents the development of a measure of religiosity that includes social intrinsic religiosity as distinct from extrinsic religiosity and from the typical conceptualization of intrinsic religiosity as an individual orientation. Study 1 developed the measure using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis; the results confirmed two intrinsic identity factors (individual and social) and two extrinsic benefit factors (individual and social). Correlations with previously established religiosity measures demonstrate the scales construct validity and that social intrinsic religiosity is independent from extrinsic religiosity. In Study 2, differential responding by Christian and Jewish participants was consistent with these religions’ reputed cultural-theological approaches and confirmed the independence of social intrinsic religiosity. Furthermore, social intrinsic religiosity was positively correlated with prejudice towards value-violating outgroups, as would be expected from an intrinsic religiosity. These results unconfound social and extrinsic religiosity and provide empirical evidence that intrinsic religiosity can be socially as well as individually oriented.
Spatially random mortality in old-growth red pine forests of northern Minnesota

Characterizing the spatial distribution of tree mortality is critical to understanding forest dynamics, but empirical studies on these patterns under old-growth conditions are rare. This rarity is due in part to low mortality rates in old-growth forests, the study of which necessitates long observation periods, and the confounding influence of tree in-growth during such time spans. Here, we studied mortality of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) in five old-growth stands in Minnesota, USA, demonstrating the use of preexisting information of cohort age structures to account for in-growth after the most recent co- hort establishment. Analyses of spatial point patterns, using both Ripley's K-function and the pair correlation function, showed that tree mortality was essentially a random process, without evidence of contagious mortality patterns that are often expected for old-growth forests. Our analyses further demonstrated in practice that the distribution of dead trees may differ from that of the tree mortality events, which are constrained to occur within the initial distribution, and how mortality pat- terns can shape the spatial distribution of mature living trees, often attributed to aggregated regeneration patterns. These findings emphasize the need to disentangle the influence of the initial distribution of trees from that of actual tree mortality events.
Biochemical Changes Occurring in Mouse Liver Cells with Ageing.

SummaryNitrogen and phosphorus contents of large and small granules and cytoplasmic supernatant from livers of mice 1 1/2-2, 6-7, 10-11, and 18-21 months of age were determined and expressed on a per nucleus basis. There were increased nitrogen contents, and relatively smaller increases in phosphorus contents in each of these fractions in older animals. The results, viewed in the light of observations of Weinbach and Garbus (7), suggest that as an animal ages, its liver cells lose metabolic capacity, and, also, that an attempt is made to restore at least some aspects of it by forming more of the active sites within the cell. Cell fractions examined in older animals differed chemically from those in younger animals, however, as indicated by decreased P/N ratios.
Feminist discursive pivoting : Charting the politics of AIDS

L'A. montre de quelle maniere le feminisme aborde la question du SIDA. Elle propose une approche permettant d'articuler feminisme et poststructuralisme. Elle analyse les discours sur le SIDA prononces a l'occasion de l'inauguration du AIDS Memorial Quilt a Washington en 1996. Elle rappelle que les homosexuels americains s'efforcerent de denoncer la stigmatisation de leur communaute apres l'apparition de l'epidemie de SIDA. La communaute afro-americaine estimait faire l'objet d'une conspiration destinee a exterminer les noirs americains. Enfin, l'A. compare le processus de construction de la subjectivite homosexuelle et de la subjectivite afro-americaine face a l'experience du SIDA
Distributable Usage in EEPROM by Software Program

According to the EEPROM failure happening during the life of electronic product, the author puts forward the method of distributable usage for memory register. The paper, setting AT24C64 as an example, using some special related algorithm, divide the storage into four independent parts. The equipment proves the possibility of the algorithm, which will successfully solve the problem of storage of existing data and determination of what whether it’s necessary to exchange the equipment or not, usually happening after the failure of EEPROM. The method not only can improve the reliability, but also decrease the cost of the product to some extent. Furthermore, it’s a good illumination to the usage of other memory register.
Research on Questions of Crime of Stealing or Insulting Corpse

With the development of the economic and implement of the cremation institution,somebody steals cadaver,others cremate or insult bone ashes.Opinions about this illegal phenomenon vary from person to person.The anthor puts forward his suggestions about this phenomenon.
Precocious puberty in a child with unilateral Leydig cell tumor of the testis following orchiopexy

AbstractA case of right testicular Leydig cell tumor in a 10½-year-old child with precocious puberty is reported. Significant history included right orchiopexy for cryptorchidism when the boy was 7 years old. The literature is reviewed and this disease entity is discussed.
Ventilatory response to consecutive short hypercapnic challenges in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

In healthy adults, a ventilatory pattern characterized by progressively increased tidal volume (VT), and decreased respiratory rate (RR) accompany repeated short hypercapnic ventilatory challenges,...
FDA Approval of Palbociclib in Combination with Fulvestrant for the Treatment of Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer

On February 19, 2016, the FDA approved palbociclib (Ibrance, Pfizer) for use in combination with fulvestrant (Faslodex, AstraZeneca) for the treatment of women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with disease progression following endocrine therapy. The approval was based on the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 521 pre- and postmenopausal women with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or MBC. Patients were randomized (2:1) to receive palbociclib plus fulvestrant (n = 347) or placebo plus fulvestrant (n = 174). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). A statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS (9.5 months vs. 4.6 months) was observed in patients receiving palbociclib plus fulvestrant [HR 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.36-0.59; P 20%) in patients treated with palbociclib were neutropenia, leukopenia, infections, fatigue, nausea, anemia, stomatitis, headache, diarrhea, and thrombocytopenia. This approval was granted in the context of a prior accelerated approval for palbociclib in combination with letrozole in patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer as initial endocrine-based therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 4968-72. ©2016 AACR.
Flow-Directed Crystallization for Printed Electronics

ConspectusThe solution printability of organic semiconductors (OSCs) represents a distinct advantage for materials processing, enabling low-cost, high-throughput, and energy-efficient manufacturing with new form factors that are flexible, stretchable, and transparent. While the electronic performance of OSCs is not comparable to that of crystalline silicon, the solution processability of OSCs allows them to complement silicon by tackling challenging aspects for conventional photolithography, such as large-area electronics manufacturing. Despite this, controlling the highly nonequilibrium morphology evolution during OSC printing remains a challenge, hindering the achievement of high electronic device performance and the elucidation of structure–property relationships. Many elegant morphological control methodologies have been developed in recent years including molecular design and novel processing approaches, but few have utilized fluid flow to control morphology in OSC thin films.In this Account, we disc...
Enhanced Nuclear State Density Equation in a Two-Component Pre-Equilibrium Exciton Model for Heavy Nuclei

The properties of nuclear state density which increases with increasing excitation energy are very important in many nuclear reactions. Previously, several theoretical calculations were performed and added to correct the state density equation. In this work, various corrections, i.e. the pairing effect, Pauli exclusion principle, parity, spin distribution, the finite depth and the bound state effect were added to enhance the state density results using the energy-dependent single-particle level densities (non-ESM) in 114Sn and 116Sn nuclei. The results of this work were compared to the available experimental (OSLO technique), and theoretical (E&B and HF-BCS) results. The calculations were performed for energies up to 80 MeV and show a reasonable match with experimental and theoretical results at low energies. At high energies the deformation effect affects the results and leads to mismatch between the results of this work and other results. The inclusion of the spin distribution function in case of j=1/(2 ), gives results far from the experimental data and previous theoretical results, which shows the importance of the introduction of a new formula that deals with a non-ESM system.
Real-time Application of the Multihazard Hurricane Impact Level Model for the Atlantic Basin

Tropical cyclones are an example of a multi-hazard event with impacts that can highly vary depending on landfall location, wind speed, storm surge, and inland flooding from precipitation. These storms are typically categorized by their wind speed and pressure, while evacuation orders are typically given based on storm surge. The general public relies on these single hazard assessment parameters when attempting to understand the risk of an oncoming event. However, after the fact, these events are ranked by economic damage and death toll. Therefore, it is imperative that when these events are communicated to the public, during the forecast period, the multiple hazards are incorporated in terms the public can easily associate with, such as economic damage. This paper provides an evaluation on the potential for real-time use of artificial neural networks, through the utilization of an already developed Hurricane Impact Level Model, to forecast a range of economic damage from tropical cyclone events, during the 2015 and 2016 United States Hurricane Season. The Hurricane Impact Level Model is built prior to the start of each season and simulated every three hours, in conjunction with National Hurricane Center issued advisories, for oncoming tropical cyclones forecasted to make landfall. Weaker and more common tropical cyclones have a less varied forecast and produce more accurate Impact Level predictions. More complicated and uncertain events, such as 2016 Hurricane Matthew, require the user’s discretion in communicating varying landfall locations for a complex track forecast to the model. As National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecasts change with respect to both track and meteorological hazards affecting land, the estimated Impact Level and the Hurricane Impact Level (HIL) model confidence will also change. In other words, if a track shifts to a more vulnerable location, or to more locations, or the meteorological hazards increase, the Impact Level will subsequently increase. All tropical cyclones from the 2015 and 2016 seasons demonstrate the validity of the Hurricane Impact Level Model with a forecast confidence of at least 60% for up to 30 hours out from an impending landfall as well as reliability for real-time use, if data is available.
Iron, Oxidative Stress, and Δ9 Stearoyl-CoenzymeA Desaturase Index (C16:1/C16:0): An Analysis Applying the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-04.

Background Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) is a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism, and elevated SCD activity is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. Diet, hormone levels, and environmental exposures are potential factors affecting SCD activity. Less is known about the relationship between micronutrients, including iron, and SCD activity. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum ferritin level, a biomarker of circulating iron levels, and the Δ9 desaturase index (C16:1/C16:0), a biomarker of estimated SCD activity, among women in the United States. Methods The association between serum ferritin and the Δ9 desaturase index was assessed in a cross-sectional study of 447 female participants, aged 20-49 y, from NHANES 2003-2004. The multivariate analyses were performed utilizing generalized linear modeling, adjusting for potential confounders. Mediation of the relationship between serum ferritin and Δ9 desaturase index by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), a biomarker of oxidative stress, was also assessed. Results Increased ferritin was significantly associated with a higher Δ9 desaturase index. Adjusting for waist circumference, age, race, and cotinine levels, an interquartile range increase in serum ferritin corresponded to 3.92% (95% CI: 0.88%, 7.05%) higher Δ9 desaturase index. GGT, the biomarker used to measure oxidative stress level, did not appear to mediate the association between ferritin and Δ9 desaturase index. After stratifying by pregnancy status, these associations were limited to nonpregnant individuals. Conclusions Elevated SCD activity may be associated with increased iron storage inside the human body; the association did not appear to be mediated via oxidative stress, as estimated by GGT levels.
Microgrids and resilience: Using a systems approach to achieve climate adaptation and mitigation goals

Abstract Although energy resource sustainability has been researched extensively, the understanding of how we use and interact with electricity sustainably is less understood. New electrical designs, like microgrids, provide opportunities to better address the immediate needs of electrical sustainability and urban development. This paper analyzes the role of microgrids in urban development and examines how greater systemic thinking between infrastructure planning and energy policymaking can increase a city’s resilience.
Cancer: Radical Surgery and the Patient

This chapter explores the historiography of cancer surgery since the 1890s and the development of radical operations for this group of diseases. Focusing mainly on the USA, it puts particular emphasis on the transformation in surgeons’ willingness to involve their patients in decision making during the twentieth century and how early tendencies to marginalize patients gave way to a new focus on patient choice and shared decision making.
Using Genetically Engineered Mouse Models to Study Wnt Signaling in Bone Development and Disease

The skeleton supports the body structure and reserves calcium and other inorganic ions, and more roles played by bone are being proposed. The balance between bone formation (by osteoblasts and osteocytes) and bone resorption (by osteoclasts) controls postnatal bone homeostasis. For the past decade, a vast amount of evidence has shown that Wnt signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating this balance. Therefore, understanding how the Wnt signaling pathway regulates skeletal development and postnatal homeostasis is of great value for human skeletal health. We will review how genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have been and are being used to uncover the mechanisms and etiology of bone diseases in the context of Wnt signaling.
Patient choice of adjunctive nonpharmacologic pain management during first-trimester abortion: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Objective To determine if offering patients a choice of adjunctive nonpharmacologic pain management during first-trimester aspiration abortion results in lower pain scores when compared with standard care. Study design We enrolled women receiving first-trimester aspiration abortion at the University of Hawaii. We randomized patients to standard care (control) or standard care plus a choice of nonpharmacologic pain management options (intervention). Standard care was ibuprofen 800 mg orally at least 30 min preprocedure, lidocaine paracervical block and anticipatory guidance from the provider. We measured pain on a 100-mm visual analog scale immediately postprocedure with adequate sample size to detect a 20-mm difference in pain scores. Results Seventy-four women participated in the trial and reported an overall mean pain score of 61.9±27.0. Participants in the control and intervention groups reported similar overall mean pain scores (control 60.6±28.8, intervention 63.3±28.5). We found procedure time, complications, provider-perceived case difficulty and patient satisfaction with pain management to be similar between groups. Providers underestimated participant pain compared to participants' own scores (mean physician estimate of participant pain: 46.3±18.5, mean participant pain score: 61.9±27.0, p Conclusions Participants in the control group reported similar pain scores to participants in the intervention group. Procedure time and difficulty were similar between the two groups. Implications Incorporating patient choice into a nonpharmacologic pain management model did not result in lower pain scores. This approach did increase the patient's visit time. Abortion providers frequently use nonpharmacologic pain management in the United States, and these techniques did not negatively impact patient pain scores in our study.
Selling to Strategic Customers: Opaque Selling Strategies

Over the past few years, firms in the travel and entertainment industries have begun using novel sales strategies for revenue management. In this chapter, we study a selling strategy called opaque selling, in which firms guarantee one of several fully specified products, but hide the identity of the product that the consumer will actually obtain until after the purchase is completed. Several firms such as Hotwire, Priceline, and Mystery Flights engage in opaque selling of travel products. The academic literature in this area is recent and evolving. We first survey the nascent literature on opaque selling strategies. After presenting the current state of theory and practice, we analyze in-depth a model of competing firms selling horizontally differentiated products through an opaque channel. Consumers strategically time their purchases by developing rational expectations about future availability in the opaque market, keeping in mind that demand is uncertain and product supply could be limited. This model helps illustrate the conditions under which opaque selling can increase firm profits. We conclude the chapter by discussing ongoing research and charting out future research directions.
Critical PMU Measurement Identification Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

Accurate information obtained from distributed measurement devices in power grid is essential for system reliability and situational awareness. However, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems and phasor measurement units (PMU) can provide wrong data for reasons such as malfunctioning or false-data injection attacks. In this paper, a method for identifying critical PMU measurements is introduced that considers both state estimation observability as well as the impact of false data injections on PMU devices. Three unique criteria are analyzed and organized into Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to solve the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. In addition, a redundant PMU placement method is proposed to increase power system reliability after identifying all the critical PMU measurements.
Prototype Powertrain in Motorsport Endurance Racing

Racing continues to be the singular, preeminent source of powertrain development for automakers worldwide. Engineering teams rely on motorsports for the latest prototype testing and research. Endurance racing provides the harshest and most illuminating stage for system design validation of any motorsport competition. While advancements throughout the 20th Century brought about dramatic increases in engine power output, the latest developments from endurance racing may be more impactful for fuel efficiency improvements. Hybrid powertrains are a critical area of research for automakers and are being tested on the toughest of scales. Prototype Powertrain in Motorsport Endurance Racing brings together ten vital SAE technical papers and SAE Automotive Engineering magazine articles surrounding the advancements of hybrid powertrains in motorsports. The book also includes a history of endurance racing from the World Sports Car Championship through the 24 Hours of Le Mans to the World Endurance Championship written by the author. The goal is to provide the latest concepts being researched and tested on hybrid systems that will influence vehicles for years to come - appealing to engineers and enthusiasts alike.
Association of Parity in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease.

Introduction and aim The impact of type of liver disease on parity rates hasn't been described. Our aim was to assess the parity rates among women with CLD. Material and methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III (1988-1994) data were used to identify adult female participants with a diagnosis of CLD. Participants were asked about their reproductive health status. Parity was defined as having at least one live birth. Hepatic ultrasound, serologic, medical examination and clinical data were available to determine the presence and type of CLD. Body mass index (kg/m2) was divided into 3 categories (l 30; 30-35; 36+). Results A total of 3,502 (865 NAFLD, 737 other CLD, 1,901 control) subjects were included. Patients with NAFLD were more likely to have at least one live birth than patients with other CLD and controls (77% in NAFLD vs. 72% in controls). Multivariate analysis revealed that presence of CLD other than NAFLD (OR: 0.46 [95% CI, 0.34-0.63]) and having a college or higher degree (OR: 0.48 [95% CI, 0.34-0.68]) were negatively associated while having low income (OR: 11.06 [95% CI, 6.86-17.82]) and being African American (OR: 3.93 [95% CI, 2.59-5.98]) were positively associated with having at least one live birth. Conclusions This study revealed that patients with CLD other than NAFLD were less likely to have at least one live birth. NAFLD and obesity were associated with higher rates of live births which can potentially be explained by weight gain post live birth leading to obesity and its associated-NAFLD.
The role of collagenase ointment in acute burns: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to summarise the state of the literature in regard to the efficacy and uses of clostridial collagenase ointment (CCO) in the burn pati...
Contaminant Exposure Linked to Cellular and Endocrine Biomarkers in Southern California Bottlenose Dolphins

Cetaceans in the Southern California Bight (SCB) are exposed to high levels of halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs), which have previously been linked to impaired reproductive health and immune responses. We used a combination of molecular tools to examine the potential physiological impacts of HOC exposure in two bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) ecotypes in the SCB. We quantified 25 HOCs in the blubber of 22 biopsies collected from males between 2012 and 2016. We then analyzed genome-wide gene expression in skin using RNA-sequencing and measured blubber testosterone to compare HOC exposure with cellular and endocrine biomarkers. We found high levels of HOCs in both ecotypes with significantly higher total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH), and chlordane-related compounds in the coastal ecotype versus the offshore ecotype. We found evidence of PBDE bioaccumulation in both ecotypes, however, the pattern of bioaccumulati...
Early Adolescent Critical Consciousness Development in the Age of Trump

Political elections have been shown to influence youth civic development. The election of Donald Trump is historic and has elevated precarity for people of color and immigrants, yet we know little ...
Spatiotemporal Trajectories of Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Measurements in Injured Spinal Cord Using Simplified Acquisitions

Abstract Purpose This study aims to systematically evaluate the accuracy and precision of pool size ratio (PSR) measurements from quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) acquisitions using simplified models in the context of assessing injury-associated spatiotemporal changes in spinal cords of non-human primates. This study also aims to characterize changes in the spinal tissue pathology in individual subjects, both regionally and longitudinally, in order to demonstrate the relationship between regional tissue compositional changes and sensorimotor behavioral recovery after cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods MRI scans were recorded on anesthetized monkeys at 9.4 T, before and serially after a unilateral section of the dorsal column tract. Images were acquired following saturating RF pulses at different offset frequencies. Models incorporating two pools of protons but with differing numbers of variable parameters were used to fit the data to derive qMT parameters. The results using different amounts of measured data and assuming different numbers of variable model parameters were compared. Behavioral impairments and recovery were assessed by a food grasping-retrieving task. Histological sections were obtained post mortem for validation of the injury. Results QMT fitting provided maps of pool size ratio (PSR), the relative amounts of immobilized protons exchanging magnetization compared to the “free” water. All the selected modeling approaches detected a lesion/cyst at the site of injury as significant reductions in PSR values. The regional contrasts in the PSR maps obtained using the different fittings varied, but the 2-parameter fitting results showed strong positive correlations with results from 5-parameter modeling. 2-parameter fitting results with modest (>3) RF offsets showed comparable sensitivity for detecting demyelination in white matter and loss of macromolecules in gray matter around lesion sites compared to 5-parameter fitting with fully-sampled data acquisitions. Histology confirmed that decreases of PSR corresponded to regional demyelination around lesion sites, especially when demyelination occurred along the dorsal column on the injury side. Longitudinally, PSR values of injured dorsal column tract and gray matter horns exhibited remarkable recovery that associated with behavioral improvement. Conclusion Simplified qMT modeling approaches provide efficient and sensitive means to detect and characterize injury-associated demyelination in white matter tracts and loss of macromolecules in gray matter and to monitor its recovery over time.
A hybrid, bottom-up, structurally accurate, Go¯-like coarse-grained protein model.

Coarse-grained (CG) protein models in the structural biology literature have improved over the years from being simple tools to understand general folding and aggregation driving forces to capturing detailed structures achieved by actual folding sequences. Here, we ask whether such models can be developed systematically from recent advances in bottom-up coarse-graining methods without relying on bioinformatic data (e.g., protein data bank statistics). We use relative entropy coarse-graining to develop a hybrid CG but Go¯-like CG peptide model, hypothesizing that the landscape of proteinlike folds is encoded by the backbone interactions, while the sidechain interactions define which of these structures globally minimizes the free energy in a unique native fold. To construct a model capable of capturing varied secondary structures, we use a new extended ensemble relative entropy method to coarse-grain based on multiple reference atomistic simulations of short polypeptides with varied α and β character. Subsequently, we assess the CG model as a putative protein backbone forcefield by combining it with sidechain interactions based on native contacts but not incorporating native distances explicitly, unlike standard Go¯ models. We test the model's ability to fold a range of proteins and find that it achieves high accuracy (∼2 A root mean square deviation resolution for both short sequences and large globular proteins), suggesting the strong role that backbone conformational preferences play in defining the fold landscape. This model can be systematically extended to non-natural amino acids and nonprotein polymers and sets the stage for extensions to non-Go¯ models with sequence-specific sidechain interactions.
Pilon Fractures: Challenges and Solutions

Pilon fractures include a wide range of complexity. The timing and type of definitive fixation is dictated by the soft tissue injury and energy imparted to the fracture. One should have a low threshold for staged protocols and delayed definitive fixation to avoid complications. Proper radiographs and advanced imaging should be obtained for an exacting diagnosis and preoperative planning. Diligent management of the soft tissue and anatomic restoration of the articular surface, length, rotation, and axial alignment with stable fixation to the diaphysis should be obtained once feasible. Intramedullary implants with percutaneous articular fixation for simple or extra-articular patterns provide good results with little soft tissue insult in the zone of injury. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis techniques can help mitigate some concerns with soft tissue compromise while obtaining good articular alignment. Locking or conventional plating with lag screw fixation is used for complex articular injuries with or without fibular fixation. External fixators are generally used for temporizing measures but can be utilized as definitive fixation when indicated. There is a role for acute fusion in severely comminuted, osteoporotic, or arthritic fractures in patients with poor healing potential. This article outlines the diagnostic workup and treatment of these vexing injuries with solutions to challenges that arise.
Flux Zine: Black Queer Storytelling

Queer youth of color are critical and conscious observers of society. Despite limited representation in research and within mainstream gay media, there exists a legacy of queer youth of color contr...
Clarifying ADHD and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Item Relations with Impairment: A Network Analysis

Despite the pervasive nature of various forms of impairment associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the precise nature of their associations with ADHD and related sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), particularly at the heterogeneous item level, remains ambiguous. Using innovative network analysis techniques, we sought to identify and examine the concurrent validity of ADHD and SCT bridge items (i.e., those demonstrating the most robust relations with various forms of impairment) with respect to Overall, Home-School, and Community-Leisure impairment domains. Parents of a nationally representative sample of 1742 children (50.17% male) aged 6–17 years completed rating scales of ADHD, SCT, and impairment. Assessment of Bridge Expected Influence suggested eight bridge items primarily from impulsive and Task Completion (i.e., overlapping SCT and inattentive) domains that demonstrated relations with impairment in school performance, completing chores at home, interacting with family members, following rules, and playing sports. Sum scores only including bridge items exhibited relations with Overall, Home-School, and Community-Leisure impairment domains comparable to that of sum scores including all items. Bridge impairment areas were generally consistent across “Childhood” (6–11 years) and “Adolescence” (12–17 years). Problems listening and slowness emerged as bridge items in Childhood, whereas difficulties following through on instructions, problems waiting one’s turn, and social withdrawal emerged in Adolescence. Given the comparable validity of ADHD- and SCT-related bridge items versus all items, bridge items, together, may be the most efficient indicators of impairment. Further clarification is needed across development to inform personalized assessment and intervention protocols that account for item-level heterogeneity in ADHD, SCT, and impairment phenotypes.
Conjunctivochalasis and Tear Osmolarity Are Associated With Reduced Conjunctival Epithelial Thickness in Dry Eye.

Purpose To investigate the hypothesis that ocular surface epithelial thickness is correlated with tear osmolarity, conjunctivochalasis (CCh), and dry eye clinical tests. Design A case-control study. Methods A total of 50 patients with different types of dry eye disease (DED) and 15 age- and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled in this study. We performed a detailed diagnostic assessment of tear film and ocular surface parameters, including Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, visual analog scale questionnaire, topographic surface regularity and surface asymmetry indices, tear film break-up time, corneal and conjunctival dye staining, Schirmer I test, and tear osmolarity. The corneal and bulbar conjunctival epithelial thickness (CET) were obtained using the latest version of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). Results Patients with aqueous-deficient DED (ADDED) had lower bulbar CET values, particularly in the temporal region, than those of normal subjects and patients with evaporative-type DED (EDED); however, the difference did not quite reach a statistically significant level. Patients with DED and CCh had lower bulbar CET values in temporal (38.52 ± 9.58 µm) and inferior regions (50.79 ± 9.10 µm) compared to those with DED without CCh (47.39 ± 11.71 µm, 60.38 ± 14.36 µm, respectively, P Conclusions CCh and tear osmolarity are associated with reduced conjunctival epithelial thickness in DED.
Mapping cross-scale economic impacts of storm surge events: considerations for design and user testing

Cartographic display of cross-scale phenomena and user-centered design are considered through a discussion of the development of an interactive web map depicting local-to-national economic impacts ...
Thrombotic potential during pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia induction: Role of cell-free DNA.

Background Thromboembolism affects up to 30% of children undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Increased thrombin generation has been reported in ALL, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Objective We aimed to show that extracellular traps and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) promote thrombin generation in pediatric ALL. Methods In a longitudinal single-center study, we recruited 17 consecutive pediatric ALL patients. Serial blood samples were collected at diagnosis and weekly during the 4-week induction phase of antileukemic chemotherapy. Healthy children (n = 14) and children with deep vein thrombosis (DVT; n = 7) or sepsis (n = 5) were recruited as negative and positive controls, respectively. In plasma, we measured endogenous thrombin generation potential (ETP) and components of extracellular traps, including cfDNA. Results In patients with ALL, ETP was increased at baseline and remained significantly elevated throughout the induction therapy. Plasma levels of cfDNA were increased at baseline and during the first 3 weeks of induction therapy. The extent of enhancement of ETP and plasma cfDNA in patients with ALL was similar to that seen in patients with DVT or sepsis. Treatment of plasma with DNase 1 lowered ETP in patients with ALL at each time point but did not affect ETP in healthy controls. Conclusion We conclude that childhood ALL is associated with a prothrombotic milieu at the time of diagnosis that continues during induction chemotherapy, and cfDNA contributes to increased thrombogenic potential.
Symmetries of a generic utricular projection: neural connectivity and the distribution of utricular information.

Sensory contribution to perception and action depends on both sensory receptors and the organization of pathways (or projections) reaching the central nervous system. Unlike the semicircular canals that are divided into three discrete sensitivity directions, the utricle has a relatively complicated anatomical structure, including sensitivity directions over essentially $$360^{\circ }$$ of a curved, two-dimensional disk. The utricle is not flat, and we do not assume it to be. Directional sensitivity of individual utricular afferents decreases in a cosine-like fashion from peak excitation for movement in one direction to a null or near null response for a movement in an orthogonal direction. Directional sensitivity varies slowly between neighboring cells except within the striolar region that separates the medial from the lateral zone, where the directional selectivity abruptly reverses along the reversal line. Utricular primary afferent pathways reach the vestibular nuclei and cerebellum and, in many cases, converge on target cells with semicircular canal primary afferents and afference from other sources. Mathematically, some canal pathways are known to be characterized by symmetry groups related to physical space. These groups structure rotational information and movement. They divide the target neural center into distinct populations according to the innervation patterns they receive. Like canal pathways, utricular pathways combine symmetries from the utricle with those from target neural centers. This study presents a generic set of transformations drawn from the known structure of the utricle and therefore likely to be found in utricular pathways, but not exhaustive of utricular pathway symmetries. This generic set of transformations forms a 32-element group that is a semi-direct product of two simple abelian groups. Subgroups of the group include order-four elements corresponding to discrete rotations. Evaluation of subgroups allows us to functionally identify the spatial implications of otolith and canal symmetries regarding action and perception. Our results are discussed in relation to observed utricular pathways, including those convergent with canal pathways. Oculomotor and other sensorimotor systems are organized according to canal planes. However, the utricle is evolutionarily prior to the canals and may provide a more fundamental spatial framework for canal pathways as well as for movement. The fullest purely otolithic pathway is likely that which reaches the lumbar spine via Deiters’ cells in the lateral vestibular nucleus. It will be of great interest to see whether symmetries predicted from the utricle are identified within this pathway.
Recirculation of Cooling Water in Rivers and Canals

Factors which affect recirculation of water after it has been used as coolant in steam plant and returned to river from which it was drawn; three zones of flow considered -- upstream from intake, between inlet and outlet, and downstream from outlet -- are not influenced by one another; in three-dimensional case, recirculation is governed by depths immediately upstream and downstream from side intake.
Chair's introduction to the minitrack moving the organization to convergent technologies

Organizations are constantly coping with new technologies....around strategic uses, competitive advantage, and organizational readiness. e-Business models, strategic partnership alliances, technology-focused solutions, IT staffing, and development methodologies are all part of an evolving organizational model needed to capitalize on fast moving information technologies. Convergent technologies are defined in the industry as technologies that are “coming together”, in terms of assimilation and acceptance.
Taxonomy of sustainable IT values

Sustainable IT is the effort towards design, manufacture, use and disposal of computer hardware efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact to the environment. This implies biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste and energy efficiency. The performance of Green IT is a function of the „green‟ steps taken towards sustainable IT. The development of green IT is a dynamic process and in the future may also have to address human health concerns. Several educational institutions of higher learning and technology companies have pioneered sustainable IT initiatives to achieve environmental and organizational sustainability. This study is a modest attempt towards classification of green IT initiatives and indicators, provision of taxonomy of sustainable IT values incorporated by businesses and educational institutions and analysis of their impacts on environmental, social and economic performance of organizations. The study examined the green IT initiatives undertaken by a sample of 20 Universities and 15 Corporates and identified the following sustainable IT values as responsible for sustainable IT: 1) Green Computing and Infrastructure Management, 2) Reducing carbon foot print, 3) Greening IT supply chain and sustainable software development, 4) Environment friendly electronic waste disposal, and 5) Institutions facilitating green IT and organizational sustainability. The study inter alia, recommends investment of 10% of corporate profits towards Sustainable IT Solutions; incentives for outstanding employees and their contributions towards green IT in firm‟s promotion policy; creating awareness among employees regarding innovative sustainable practices as well as E-Governance to incorporate sustainable IT solutions.
Petite unification: an alternative viewpoint

Grand unification ideas[2] were proposed long before the experimental confirmation of the standard SU(2)L × U(1)Y model[1] as the most viable candidate describing “low-energy” electroweak phenomena. The most popular and, certainly, most economical grand unified theories are SU(5)[3] and S0(10).[4] There are good reasons, such as the approximate agreement of the measured value of sin2θW with the theoretical expectations and the economical assignment of known fermions to SU(5) representations, to take the grand-unification idea very seriously. However, there are also well-known difficulties, in particular the large number of arbitrary parameters and especially the lack of a credible scenario of spontaneous symmetry breaking. Furthermore, it requires a rather bold extrapolation of thirteen orders of magnitude, from MW ~ 80 GeV to ~ 1015 GeV with relatively little new phenomena in between.
Gap reduction based frequency tuning for AlN capacitive-piezoelectric resonators

A voltage controlled resonance frequency tuning mechanism, capable of effecting 1,500 ppm frequency shifts or more, is demonstrated for the first time on an AlN capacitive-piezoelectric resonator. The key enabler here is a compliant top electrode suspension that moves with applied voltage to effectively vary capacitance in series with the device, hence changing its series resonance frequency. Capacitive-piezoelectric AlN micromechanical resonators, i.e., those with electrodes not directly attached to the piezoelectric material, already exhibit high Q-factors compared to attached-electrode counterparts, e.g., 8,800 versus 2,100 at 300 MHz; are on/off switchable; and, as shown in this work, can exhibit electromechanical coupling C x =C 0 of 1.0%. This new ability to tune frequency without the need for external components now invites the use of on-chip corrective schemes to improve accuracy or reduce temperature-induced frequency drift, making an even more compelling case to employ this technology for frequency control applications.
ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE, SIZE, AND THE USE OF DATA PROCESSING RESOURCES

This study addresses two issues-whether the size ofan organization determines its methods of obtaining,structuring or controlling data processing resources, andwhether organizational performance is influenced by how afirm makes use of these resources. Several propositionsare tested using data from a sample of 58 mutual savingsbanks with a 10:1 range in size. The results suggest that,although no difference is found in the proportion ofoperating expense allocated to data processing, larger banksdo tend to develop in-house computing resources whilesmaller banks obtain these services from other banks orservice bureaus. Consequently large and small banks mustresolve different kinds of managerial issues if they areto provide high quality data processing service to theirorganizations.Unexpectedly, no relationship is found betweenorganizational performance and the relative proportion ofresources allocated to data operating cost and the intensityof data processing use. These findings raise questionsabout the extent of benefits obtained from a data processingintensive strategy as well as questions about the efficiencywith which firms convert capital and labor into applicationsystems.
Techniques for Assessing Relative Values for Multiple Objective Management on Private Forests

Decision models for assessing multiple objective management of private lands will require estimates of the relative values of various nonmarket outputs or objectives that have become increasingly important. In this study, conjoint techniques are used to assess the relative values and acceptable trade-offs (marginal rates of substitution) among various objectives related to ecosystem management on private lands. Specific objectives that were considered include: maintaining apple trees to benefit wildlife, protecting rare ferns to enhance aesthetics and biodiversity, improving recreational trails, harvesting timber, and minimizing management costs. A mail survey sent to 1,250 forest-land owners in Franklin County, Massachusetts, provides the basis for the analyses.
Lymphocytes and transplantation immunity.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses different aspects of transplantation immunity and presents complete review of the lymphocyte and its role in different types of immunological reactions in experimental animals and in in vitro systems. The lymphoid tissues of a normal mammal constitute about 1% of its body weight and the predominant cellular component is the “small” lymphocyte. Lymphocytes serve as trephocytes and stem cells and even regulators of tissue growth and size. On the basis of their morphology and size, lymphocytes are subdivided into “large,” “medium,” and “small” varieties. The majority of the lymphocytes present within the lymphoid tissues as well as in the blood and lymph are of the “small” variety. The large and medium lymphocyte categories represent a much more heterogeneous population of cells, some of which possess a strongly basophilic cytoplasm. Electron microscope studies of the ultrastructure of these cells reveals two types, both distinguishable from small lymphocytes on the basis of their cytoplasmic organelles and their more abundant cytoplasm. Among the characteristics of small lymphocytes, their ubiquity, mobility, and longevity are desirable attributes of any cell type the role of which is to participate in the recognition, effector, and memory aspects of immunological phenomena. The recirculating small lymphocytes, rather than the sessile lymphoid cell population, play an important role in the primary response of rats to skin homografts.
Vectorization of robot dynamics on a pipelined vector processor

A computational scheme for a pipelined vector processor for robot inverse dynamics is presented. Vectorization of the inverse dynamics computation is achieved while the dynamics formulation still remains within the general linear recursive framework, which is based on Newton-Euler equations and originally designed for scalar processing. Parametric studies were conducted on a commercially available pipelined vector processor. It is shown that the factor 1.82 of the speedup is achieved through vectorization for the inverse dynamics computation of a general six-degree-of-freedom robot manipulator. >