cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NK cell receptors: Of missing sugar and missing self

Natural killer cells in mice detect cells in distress using lectin-like receptors that bind to self-MHC class I molecules. A new co-crystal structure suggests how NK cell maturation and attack may be mediated by receptor interaction at two distinct sites on the MHC class I molecule, both involving glycosylation.
STIMULATORY EFFECT OF AMPHOTERICIN B METHYL ESTER ON THE GROWTH OF L-M AND VERO CELLS

The chemically modified polyene macrolide antibiotic, amphotericin B methyl ester (AME), exhibited a concentration-dependent growth stimulatory effect on established lines of mouse (L-M) and monkey (Vero) cells. Stimulation was indicated by increases in growth rate, and in the enhanced synthesis of DNA and RNA. In contrast, the parental antibiotic amphotericin B and the desoxycholate complex of amphotericin B, Fungizone R, did not elicit a similar proliferative response in L-M or Vero cells. AME was not growth-promoting toward low passage strains of mouse(PMK 6) and monkey cells (GMK 8).
Specific isoforms of drosophila shroom define spatial requirements for the induction of apical constriction

Vertebrate Shroom proteins define cytoskeletal organization and cellular architecture by binding directly to F-actin and Rho-kinase and spatially regulating the activity of nonmuscle myosin II (myosin II). Here, we report characterization and gain-of-function analysis of Drosophila Shroom. The dShrm locus expresses at least two protein isoforms, dShrmA and dShrmB, which localize to adherens junctions and the apical membrane, respectively. dShrmA and dShrmB exhibit differing abilities to induce apical constriction that are based on their subcellular distribution and the subsequent assembly of spatially and organizationally distinct actomyosin networks that are dependent on the ability to engage Rho-kinase and the activity of myosin II. These data show that the differential subcellular distribution of naturally occurring isoforms of Shroom proteins can define both the position and organization of actomyosin networks in vivo. We further hypothesize that differentially positioned contractile arrays have distinct effects on cellular morphologies and behaviors. Developmental Dynamics 239:2078–2093, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Calibration of residual speckle in a nulling coronagraph

Abstract The most challenging aspect of the direct detection of planets around nearby stars is the huge brightness difference between planet and star associated to the very small angular separation of the two objects. This article describes the operation of a post coronagraph wavefront calibration system for measuring the residual speckle pattern, making use of the coherence of starlight. For a ground based AO coronagraph, the calibration interferometer potentially offers photon limited planet detection instead of atmospheric speckle limited detection. In a space based coronagraph, the use of the calibration system reduces the stability requirements of the optical system by several orders of magnitude. To cite this article: M. Shao, C. R. Physique 8 (2007).
THE ROLE OF BRADYCARDIA IN THE RETENTION OF SODIUM AND WATER IN COMPLETE HEART BLOCK WITH AND WITHOUT HEART FAILURE IN HUMAN BEINGS.

Abstract 1. 1. The relative contribution of bradycardia in causing heart failure in patients with complete and advanced heart block was assessed by studying the effect of increasing the cardiac rate by an internal pacemaker. 2. 2. The ability to excrete graded loads of sodium was measured in 4 patients with complete or advanced heart block. Maximal sodium excretory capacity and the presence or absence of heart failure, after the stress of sodium-loads, during bradycardia, and after increasing the cardiac rate, were determined. 3. 3. One patient who had no heart failure despite cardiac rates between 30 and 40 could ingest and excrete 26 Gm. of sodium chloride daily without the development of heart failure. A second patient without heart failure had a maximal excretory capacity of 16 Gm. daily and exhibited symptoms and signs of heart failure with intakes in excess of this quantity. In the other 2 patients with heart failure at the time of hospitalization, maximal daily excretory capacity for sodium was 35 to 55 mEq. 4. 4. After cardiac rates were increased to normal with an artificial pacemaker, maximal excretion of sodium increased significantly. In the 2 patients with heart failure at slow idioventricular rates, the decompensation was eliminated or ameliorated. Although the maximal excretion of sodium was increased, it was still below normal in the latter 2 patients. 5. 5. The glomerular filtration rate was diminished in varied degree and correlated with the capacity for sodium excretion and the presence of absence of heart failure in each of the patients.
Reinvigorating Social Responsibility in Organizations Through Relationships

This article proposes that leadership, as a relationship, is necessary to reinvigorate social responsibility in organizations. Further, the call for social responsibility compels us to engage in relationships that are inspired by the common good and promote substantive change. Moreover, this article embraces the call for action to transcend the status quo through the reexamination of relationships between women and men in organizations--a pivotal point as we approach the twenty-first century. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of relationships in organizations "as purposeful social systems" (Dixon, 1994, p. xiv).
A Diffuse Interface Model for Void Formation under Non-Equilibrium Irradiation

Void formation in irradiated materials is an intriguing and technologically important physical process associated with radiation damage. In this communication, we present a diffuse interface model for simulating void formation in materials under irradiation. Voids are treated as aggregates of vacancies left from the cascade damage. The emergence of the void ensembles in the irradiated material is modeled by an Allen-Cahn equation coupled with two Cahn-Hilliard equations governing the space and time evolution of vacancies and interstitials. The governing system of equations includes stochastic generation of point defects representing the cascade process, reaction of vacancies and interstitials, interaction of point defects with extended defects (viz., void surface and grain boundaries) and thermal fluctuations in defects. Numerical simulations demonstrating the model capabilities with respect to nucleation and growth of voids and swelling of the irradiated material are presented.
Perturbation solutions for melting or freezing in annular regions initially not at the fusion temperature

Abstract This paper deals with the inward solidification of liquid in an annular space which is initially not at the fusion temperature. The outer cylindrical surface is maintained at a subfreezing temperature while the inner cylindrical boundary is assumed to be either insulated or maintained at constant temperature. New perturbation solutions are obtained for the temperature distribution and the interface motion. The perturbation parameter e = C s (T f — T a ) L is the ratio of the sensible heat of the solid-phase to the latent heat of fusion. The non-uniformity of the long-time scale solutions is treated by constructing inner expansions in the short-time scale. The two solutions are matched using asymptotic theory. The solutions for the insulated case do not depart markedly, except on the short time scale, from the corresponding solutions for liquids which are initially at the fusion temperature T f . In contrast, the solutions for the isothermal inner boundary depart substantially from those with an initial temperature equal to T f . This is true even if the sensible heat is small compared to the latent heat of fusion. Similarly, curvature plays a minor role in the interface motion for the insulated case while its effect is dramatic in the isothermal case.
Inverse method for a generalized spin chain

Abstract A non-linear chiral theory generalizing the continous Heisenberg chain is constructed and solved by inverse scattering methods.
A test of the interpretation of X-ray patterns of micelles.

IN a recent communication1 with the above title, Davies and Phillipoff have described X-ray diffraction experiments with multilayers of lead stearate on chrome-plated brass, which they interpret as deciding certain controversies regarding the micellar structure of soap solutions and the X-ray diffraction patterns from such solutions. Actually, it appears that their experiments have little bearing upon the soap solution results, because they differ in at least three important ways from the situation in real soap solutions.
Physical Activity Behaviors in Women with Newly Diagnosed Ductal Carcinoma-In-Situ

Epidemiological evidence suggests that physical activity may affect breast cancer risk and other health outcomes. Little information is available regarding changes in activity after diagnosis and treatment of in-situ cancer. We enrolled 487 women with newly diagnosed ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS) in a longitudinal cohort study. Exercise behaviors were assessed at enrollment and at 18 months. Changes in exercise frequency over time were compared, and the impact of demographic and treatment-related variables was evaluated. Enrollment and 18-month exercise data were available for 391 women (80%). At enrollment, most women performed strenuous physical activity infrequently, and only half engaged in any type of exercise more than twice a week. Overall activity patterns did not change greatly over the course of the study. However, logistic regression modeling of changes in exercise revealed that women who underwent unilateral or bilateral mastectomy (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.3-4.4) and those who were anxious at enrollment (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-4.1) were statistically significantly more likely to decrease exercise levels, and women who worked were significantly more likely to increase exercise over the course of the study (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3). Nonsignificant variables included age, reconstructive surgery, depressive symptoms, financial status, education, and tamoxifen use. A large proportion of women with newly diagnosed DCIS were inactive and remained so over time. Women who underwent mastectomy, as well as women who were more anxious, were more likely to decrease their level of physical activity. Women with DCIS might benefit from targeted interventions to increase physical activity.
The contributions of self-monitoring and gender to preadolescents' friendship expectations

The contributions of self-monitoring and gender to preadolescent friendship expectations were explored in a sample of 200 fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students. Chum pairs were identified on the basis of mutuality and stability in order to examine relationships between dyads in friendship expectations. Goals of the study were essentially exploratory because of the limited data base on self-monitoring in children. Girls had higher levels of self-monitoring and were more likely to be part of a chum pair. Younger students were more likely to expect overt expressions of friendship. The relationship predicted between dyads in their level of self-monitoring, as found in adult friendships, was not present in preadolescents. Certain trends in the friendship expectations of high and low self-monitors were suggestive of the conceptual understanding of the self-monitoring construct.
Nitrosocarbaryl: its effect on human DNA

Abstract Human skin cells (both normal and xeroderma pigmentosum) were treated with carbaryl ( N -methyl-1-naphthyl-carbamate), a common agricultural pesticide, or its N -nitroso derivative, nitrosocarbaryl, and the DNA of the cells was sedimented in alkaline sucrose gradients at several times after treatment. Numerous single-strand breaks were apparent in the DNA of the nitrosocarbaryl-treated cells but not in the DNA of those treated with carbaryl. The nitrosocarbaryl effect on the DNA could be observed up to 20 h after removal of the chemical from the cultures. The DNA of human cells treated with ring labeled nitroso-[ 3 H]carbaryl and methyl labeled nitroso[ 14 C]carbaryl was isolated and banded in cesium chloride density gradients. The peak of 14 C radioactivity and not the 3 H radioactivity coincided with the optical density peak of the human DNA from these gradients. An aliquot of the same DNA was alkaline denatured and banded on alkaline cesium chloride gradients with similar results. These observations suggest that the nitrosocarbaryl molecule is split and only the methyl containing residue forms an irreversible association with human cellular DNA, resulting in chemical changes observable as alkali-sensitive bonds.
HIV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma: Lessons learned from 112 published cases

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, originally described with a strong predilection to the oral cavity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Data regarding patient age and gender, HIV status, initiation of and response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), tumor extent, pathology, treatment, and outcome were extracted from 112 cases of PBL identified in the literature. The median age at presentation was 38 years with a male predominance of 7:1, and the median CD4+ count was 178 cells/mm(3). PBL presented on average 5 years after diagnosis of HIV. Common primary sites of presentation included the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and lymph nodes. Most cases presented with either stage I or stage IV disease. There was a variable expression of B-cell markers in tumor cells, but plasma cell markers were expressed in all cases. EBV was detected in 74%. Chemotherapy was used to treat 55% patients and was combined with radiotherapy in 21% cases. Complete response was obtained in 66% of treated cases; the majority of these responses were seen after CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). The refractory/relapsed disease rate was 54%. Death occurred in 53% of patients, with a median overall survival of 15 months. Sex, CD4+ count, viral load, clinical stage, EBV status, primary site of involvement, and use of CHOP failed to show an association with survival. PBL is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma that presents in both oral and extra-oral sites of chronically HIV-infected immunosuppressed young men.
Why party and how much? The Soviet State and the party finance

Archival data on annual budgets of the Communist party shed light on how this cornerstone Soviet institution was maintained and on the party-state relationships in a one-party polity. The party depended on subsidies from the state budget until the mid-1950s and became largely self-financed afterwards. The costs of maintaining the party were significant compared to other branches of government. We consider three models of the party – “party-agent”, “party-ruler” and “party-political club” – to study the evolution of the party’s institutional role and find that by the 1950s, the party transforms from an economic agent of the state into an increasingly autonomous institution.
Group Connectivity of 3-Edge-Connected Chordal Graphs

Let A be a finite abelian group and G be a digraph. The boundary of a func- tion f : EOGU7!A is a function q f : VOGU7!A given by q fOvUa P e leaving v fOeUˇ P e entering v fOeU. The graph G is A-connected if for every b : VOGU7!A with P vA VOGU bOvUa0, there is a function f : EOGU7!Af0g such that q f a b. In (J. Combi- natorial Theory, Ser. B 56 (1992) 165-182), Jaeger et al showed that every 3-edge- connected graph is A-connected, for every abelian group A with jAjV 6. It is con- jectured that every 3-edge-connected graph is A-connected, for every abelian group A with jAjV 5; and that every 5-edge-connected graph is A-connected, for every abelian group A with jAjV 3. In this note, we investigate the group connectivity of 3-edge-connected chordal graphs and characterize 3-edge-connected chordal graphs that are A-connected for every finite abelian group A withjAjV 3.
Fractional Governing Equations of Diffusion Wave and Kinematic Wave Open-Channel Flow in Fractional Time-Space. II. Numerical Simulations

AbstractIn this study, finite difference numerical methods, first order accurate in time and second order accurate in space, are proposed to solve the governing equations of the one-dimensional unsteady kinematic and diffusion wave open-channel flow processes in fractional time and fractional space, which were derived in the accompanying paper. Advantages of modeling open-channel flow in a fractional time-space framework over integer time-space framework are threefold. First, the nonlocal phenomena in the open-channel flow process in either space or time can be considered by taking the global correlations into consideration. Second, the proposed governing equations of the open-channel flow process in the fractional order differentiation framework are generalization of the governing equations in the integer order differentiation framework. Third, the physics of the observed heavy tailed distributions of particle displacements in transport processes, as reported in the literature, may be explained by a flow...
The sweeter side of ACE2: physiological evidence for a role in diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a growing problem in all parts of the world. Both clinical trials and animal models of type I and type II diabetes have shown that hyperactivity of angiotensin-II (Ang-II) signaling pathways contribute to the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. Of clinical relevance, blockade of the renin–angiotensin system prevents new-onset diabetes and reduces the risk of diabetic complications. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is a recently discovered mono-carboxypeptidase and the first homolog of ACE. It is thought to inhibit Ang-II signaling cascades mostly by cleaving Ang-II to generate Ang-(1–7), which effects oppose Ang-II and are mediated by the Mas receptor. The enzyme is present in the kidney, liver, adipose tissue and pancreas. Its expression is elevated in the endocrine pancreas in diabetes and in the early phase during diabetic nephropathy. ACE2 is hypothesized to act in a compensatory manner in both diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Recently, we have shown the presence of the Mas receptor in the mouse pancreas and observed a reduction in Mas receptor immuno-reactivity as well as higher fasting blood glucose levels in ACE2 knockout mice, indicating that these mice may be a new model to study the role of ACE2 in diabetes. In this review we will examine the role of the renin–angiotensin system in the physiopathology and treatment of diabetes and highlight the potential benefits of the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas receptor axis, focusing on recent data about ACE2.
Determination of ground-state hole-transfer rates between equivalent sites in oxidized multiporphyrin arrays using time-resolved optical spectroscopy.

Excited-state charge separation in molecular architectures has been widely explored, yet ground-state hole (or electron) transfer, particularly involving equivalent pigments, has been far less studied, and direct quantitation of the rate of transfer often has proved difficult. Prior studies of ground-state hole transfer between equivalent zinc porphyrins using electron paramagnetic resonance techniques give a lower limit of ∼(50 ns)−1 on the rates. Related transient optical studies of hole transfer between inequivalent sites [zinc porphyrin (Zn) and free base porphyrin (Fb)] give an upper limit of ∼(20 ps)−1. Thus, a substantial window remains for the unknown rates of ground-state hole transfer between equivalent sites. Herein, the ground-state hole-transfer processes are probed in a series of oxidized porphyrin triads (ZnZnFb) with the focus being on determination of the rates between the nominally equivalent sites (Zn/Zn). The strategy builds upon recent time-resolved optical studies of the photodynamic...
Neutron scattering studies of nanomagnetism and artificially structured materials

Nanostructured magnetic materials are intensively studied due to their unusual properties and promise for possible applications. The key issues in these materials relate to the connection between their physical properties (transport, magnetism, mechanical, etc.) and their chemical-physical structure. In principle, a detailed knowledge of the chemical and physical structure allows calculation of their physical properties. Theoretical and computational methods are rapidly evolving so that magnetic properties of nanostructured materials might soon be predicted. Success in this endeavor requires detailed quantitative understanding of the magnetic structure and properties.
Crime and prevention: a Treasury viewpoint

New technologies have emerged that have the potential to change many fundamental principles associated with a cash oriented society-indeed, the whole way we conduct all kinds of financial transactions and operate all payment systems. As things stand, law enforcement agencies around the world recognize that "following the money" leads to the top of criminal organizations. Criminals have to move funds through the financial system to hide and use the proceeds of their crimes. Currency is anonymous, but it is difficult to hide and transport in large amounts. New electronic payment systems may well alter this. The speed that makes these systems efficient and the anonymity that makes them secure are desirable characteristics to both the public and law enforcement agencies. Yet the same characteristics make these systems equally attractive to those who seek to use them for illicit purpose. Because of these potential vulnerabilities, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a branch of the US Department of the Treasury, has been meeting with developers of advanced electronic payment systems, our law enforcement and regulatory partners in the United States and abroad, and representatives of the financial services industry to examine how criminals might use these new systems to move and launder the proceeds of their illegal activities.
Granny midwives in Mississippi: career and birthing practices.

In this study career and birthing practices of Mississippi granny midwives who held permits and practiced in the early 1980's are reported. Leininger's (1978, 1985) mini ethnonursing method was used as the primary research approach. Although other authors have studied granny mid-wives in the South using alternate research methods such as Mongeau (1973) in North Carolina using analysis of historical documents and field research; Campbell (1946) in Georgia using field study research; Kroska (1985) in Alabama using mini-ethnography, to date no one has systematically studied granny midwives and their practices in Mississippi. Patterns and themes from verbatim and record analysis data indicate that the Mississippi granny midwives were practitioners who were called by God to practice. The majority had a mother or aunt who had also been a midwife. They used an oligopolistic market approach combined with altruism and care. They practiced family centered maternity care while using three practice modalities of folk...
Empirical analysis of the generalized consumption asset pricing model: Estimating the cost of capital

Abstract Other than the problematic discounted cash flow and capital asset pricing models that have been used for decades, no other asset pricing models have generally been adopted for estimating the cost of common equity capital. A recently developed and promising general consumption asset pricing model for estimating costs of common equity is successful in empirical tests and applied for estimating the cost of common equity. This research presents an empirical investigation of the model for application to the regulation of public utilities and stock market and compares the cost of capital results with the CAPM. The model is applicable for estimating the cost of common equity capital for any stock. The paper recommends that the GCAPM be considered as an additional asset model with the others that are typically used as additional information in estimating the cost of common equity capital.
Analysis of the products of the oxidation of lignin by CuO in biological and geological samples by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography☆

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure is described for the resolution and quantitation of the phenolic aldehydes, ketones and acids produced from the alkaline oxidation of lignin with CuO. This technique was applied successfully to the detection of lignin degradation products in a variety of plant and geological samples. The results are in excellent agreement with those of the capillary gas chromatographic method of Hedges and Mann [Geochim. Cosmochim.Acta, 43 (1979) 1803].
Notch1 promotes survival of E2A-deficient T cell lymphomas through pre-T cell receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

Loss of E2A transcription factor activity or activation of the intracellular form of Notch1 (ICN) leads to the development of leukemia or lymphoma in humans or mice, respectively. Current models propose that ICN functions by suppressing E2A through a pre–T cell receptor (TCR)–dependent mechanism. Here we show that lymphomas arising in E2A–/– mice require the activation of Notch1 for their survival and have accumulated mutations in, or near, the Notch1 PEST domain, resulting in increased stability and signaling. In contrast, lymphomas arising in p53–/– mice show the activation of Notch1, but no mutations were identified in ICN. The requirement for Notch1 signaling in E2A–/– lymphomas cannot be overcome by ectopic expression of pTα; however, pTα is required for optimal survival and expansion of these cells. Our findings indicate that the activation of Notch1 is an important “second hit” for the transformation of E2A–/– T cell lymphomas and that Notch1 promotes survival through pre–TCR-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Soft irregular shadow mapping: fast, high-quality, and robust soft shadows

We introduce a straightforward, robust, and efficient algorithm for rendering high-quality soft shadows in dynamic scenes. Each frame, points in the scene visible from the eye are inserted into a spatial acceleration structure. Shadow umbrae are computed by sampling the scene from the light at the image plane coordinates given by the stored points. Penumbrae are computed at the same set of points, per silhouette edge, in two steps. First, the set of points affected by a given edge is estimated from the expected light-view screen-space bounds of the corresponding penumbra. Second, the actual overlap between these points and the penumbra is computed analytically directly from the occluding geometry. The umbral and penumbral sources of occlusion are then combined to determine the degree of shadow at the eye-view pixel corresponding to each sample point. An implementation of this algorithm for the Larrabee architecture yields from 27 to 33 frames per second in simulation for scenes from a modern game, and produces significantly higher image quality than other recent methods in the real-time domain.
Mixing effectiveness test of an exhaust gas mixer in a high bypass turbofan at altitude

Thermal mixing effectiveness characteristics of an eighteen lobe, scalloped and unscalloped, partial, forced mixer were measured in a high-bypass turbofan engine. Data were also obtained without the mixer installed, i.e., free mixing. Tests were conducted at four combinations of simulated flight conditions from 0.3 to 0.8 Mach number and from 6,096 meters (20,000 ft) to 13,715 m (45,000 ft) altitude, mixing chamber lengths of L/D=0.52 and 0.65 were tested. For this range of test conditions and mixer configurations, the forced mixing effectiveness varied from 59 to 68 percent. Values of mixing effectiveness and total pressure loss were calculated from temperature and pressure data obtained at the mixer inlet and exhaust nozzle exit.
Assessment of reflex human papillomavirus DNA testing in patients with atypical endocervical cells on cervical cytology

BACKGROUND. Reflex human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) has improved the sensitivity and specificity in detecting high-grade squamous dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN]2+). However, to the authors' knowledge there are no guidelines for performing reflex HPV testing in women with atypical endocervical cells (AEC) before colposcopy. This report is of a 5-year experience with reflex HPV testing in women with AEC and assessment of the potential role of reflex HPV testing in guiding subsequent colposcopy-directed cervical biopsy/curettage in a large tertiary care hospital setting. METHODS. All AEC cases cytologically diagnosed from July 2001 to June 2006 were retrieved from the Cleveland Clinic database. The histopathologic diagnoses and the results of HPV testing using the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC-II) method were reviewed. The most severe histopathologic diagnosis was recorded. RESULTS. Of a total 332,470 Papanicolaou (Pap) tests performed, 317 cases of AEC had histopathologic follow-up and reflex testing for high-risk HPV. Histopathologic examination of the 64 HPV-positive AEC cases revealed 18 cases of endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ/adenocarcinoma (AIS+) and 22 cases of CIN2+. Among 253 of the HPV-negative AEC women, AIS+ was found in only 3 cases and CIN2+ in 1 case. Cervical AIS+ was found in 28% of the HPV-positive AEC patients and in only 0.9% of the HPV-negative patients (P<.0001). When the significant glandular (AIS+) and squamous (CIN2+) lesions were combined, 62.5% of the lesions were detected in HPV-positive AEC cases compared with 1.6% in the HPV-negative AEC cases (P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS. Because of a high sensitivity (91.0%) and high specificity (91.2%) in detecting significant cervical lesions, reflex HPV testing for cytologic diagnosis of AEC appears to be a useful ancillary tool in the selection of high-risk patients for colposcopy. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Dose-response studies with ethylenediurea (EDU) and radish.

Abstract There is some concern that the antiozonant ethylenediurea (EDU), used for crop loss assessment due to ambient ozone (O3) may per se affect plant growth and yield. In view of this, and to provide knowledge for later field experiments, dose-response studies with EDU and O3 were carried out in greenhouses in winter and spring 1989, using radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. ‘Cherry Belle’ and ‘Red Prince’, grown in two different substrates. EDU was applied as a single or repeated soil drench in concentrations ranging from 300 to 800 mg litre−1 in the first, and from 100 to 400 mg litre−1 in the second trial. In the second experiment, plants were exposed to a chronic level of O3, mimicking ambient patterns, or to filtered air after the EDU-treatment. When applied in concentrations above 300 mg litre−1, EDU reduced growth, thereby affecting the development of the thickened hypocotyl far more than the shoot growth that was partially stimulated by lower doses of EDU. Phytotoxic symptoms on the leaves, attributable to EDU, were observed at concentrations above 200 mg litre−1, but complete protection from visible O3-injury was provided by a single application of EDU at a concentration as low as 100 mg litre−1. Significant interactions on growth characters measured between O3-exposure and EDU application were observed only in one of the substrates. While these results demonstrate the need for careful dose-response studies prior to field assessments, they also provide evidence of a dosage that is effective in protecting radish from O3 damage without interfering with plant growth itself.
Accumulation of Diatomaceous Silica in Sediments of Gulf of California: ABSTRACT

Sediments of the deep basins of the central and southern Gulf of California contain high concentrations of diatom and radiolarian tests. Determinations of the amounts of opal in the sediments, by X-ray diffraction, show that the diatoms contribute the greater proportion of biogenous SiO2 to the sediments. An opal-rich area is confined to the central Gulf, which is also the site of most intense phytoplankton production. Over an area of approximately 2,500 km.2, sediments containing 50 per cent by weight opal are accumulating at a rate of ~3 mm./yr. Within this region, the ratio of the rate of accumulation of opal to that of terrigenous material is highest for the whole Gulf. The Gulf is in open communication with the Pacific Ocean, and the annual exchange of water through the mouth is estimated to be ~5×1016 liters. With northerly winds, the surface waters, depleted of plant nutrients, are driven out of the Gulf, to be replaced by upwelled nutrient-rich waters flowing into the Gulf at depth from the Pacific. In this way, sufficient silica is supplied to the euphotic zone, where it is utilized by diatoms, to account for all the silica known to be accumulating on the floor of the Gulf. River supplies are 100 times less than the ocean supply. In view of numerous observations of a so-called genetic association between diatomaceous sediments and volcanism, the mechanism operating in the Gulf of California should be considered as a means of conc ntrating dissolved silica, at concentrations of 1-2 ppm, as siliceous sediments. Sufficient silica is present in sea water, in the form specifically utilized by diatoms, to form deposits of purity comparable with the Monterey diatomites of California. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1758------------
Inflation, Agricultural Output, and Productivity: Discussion

A year ago Vernon Ruttan stood before you and stated that productivity growth in agriculture had definitely slowed and that inflation was partly responsible. Today, D. Gale Johnson stood before you and said productivity growth in agriculture had not slowed-was in fact growing faster than in the 1960s-and that inflation has had no measurable impact. Clearly the issue is not resolved and further investigation is in order. A general complaint about both the Ruttan and Johnson papers is that while they contain some very interesting and useful observations, neither offers a rigorous analytical explanation of the cause and effect relationships between inflation and productivity. Thus, the value of Johnson's ideas will be enhanced if they inspire other economists to trace analytically and systematically through what theory suggests the impact of inflation should be on output and productivity, and then test those theoretical constructs against the evidence available. Johnson's paper as well as the one by Ruttan reflect two rather general problems for the profession. The first is that the data and measures needed to trace the relationships in question are indeed less than perfect. The other is that as a profession we have done so little rigorous research on the subject of either inflation impacts or productivity that we are not quite sure what the questions are, let alone how to answer them. Johnson suggests several reasons for the slowdown of productivity growth in the general economy. No doubt these are all contributors. I would suggest a few others that I believe are equally important. The first is the widespread emergence of an "inflation psychology." This is a relatively new phenomenon for this country, but I submit that it has had a major and pervasive impact on how people behave with regard to their economic and financial affairs. People save less, borrow more, and shift investments from production processes to appreciable assets. A second important factor has been the growth of productivity-depressing institutional constraints. Johnson mentions environmental
LAPWiN: Location-aided probing for protecting user privacy in Wi-Fi networks

Efficient Wi-Fi probing has been demonstrated to leak sensitive user information. During the probing process, WiFi clients transmit the names of previously known Wi-Fi access points (APs) in plaintext. An eavesdropper can easily collect the information leaked by this Wi-Fi probing process to mount numerous attacks, such as fake AP or revealing hidden APs, or to breach users’ privacy. Since APs are often named after the location, business, or affiliation of the host, an attacker can learn about nearby users and infer social connections. In this work, we propose to reduce the privacy risk while simultaneously decreasing the network connection time by eliminating unnecessary probe requests, most notably those requests sent to networks that are not in proximity of the device. We present a location-aided Wi-Fi probing mechanisms called LAPWiN to achieve these improvements. We demonstrate how LAPWiN can be implemented by modifying a widely used network manager and evaluate the performance and achievable privacy gains.
The Chromosphere Line λ 6676.9

IN response to Father Cortie's implied question as to the identification of this line as belonging to the spectrum of iron, I would refer him to Appendix Got Roscoe's lectures on “Spectrum Analysis” (third edition). It is an extract from a joint paper by Angstrom and Thalen, giving a list of several hundred (then) new identifications; among them appears K 654.3, ascribed to iron.
Recent experiments on crystal growth in gels

The paper gives an account of recent experiments on nucleation and crystal growth in gels and their relationship to crystal size and perfection, with special reference to calcium tartrate, lead iodide and silver iodide. Because the crystals in any one system grow competitively, nucleation is a key issue which, in all likelihood, governs the practical utility of the technique as a whole. Its limitation is believed to be the principal function of the gel. Heterogeneous nucleation is possible, but is substantially suppressed by the protective character of the medium. Moreover, there is evidence that a large number of the macroscopic crystals obtained owe their existence to “homogeneous” nuclei, rather than foreign substrates. The significance of pH and other factors which affect solubility has been explored and an attempt made to distinguish between the conditions which affect nucleation and those which affect growth. The conclusions are believed to have general validity, but for complete reliability each system must still be investigated in its own terms. The gel method is capable of yielding crystals of high optical perfection, of a variety of materials which have so far resisted orthodox growth techniques.
Some remarks on the influence of transverse shear on the plastic yielding of structures

The influence of transverse shear forces (Q) on the plastic behavior of beams is re-examined in this note because of the pressing need to establish yield curves which retain transverse shear effects which are important in some dynamic plasticity problems. It is suggested that an engineering compromise between the simple local (stress resultant) and more rigorous non-local (plane stress, plane strain) theories may be achieved for I-beams when using a local theory with a maximum transverse shear force based only on the web area.
The effects of inhalation anesthetics on calcium-stimulated exocytosis in a natural membrane model system.

Sea urchin egg cortices were used as an in vitro natural membrane model system to determine the effects of inhalation anesthetics on the Ca2+-regulated exocytotic fusion of cortical vesicles with the egg plasma membrane. When Ca2+ was either absent or present in amounts below the threshold for exocytosis, methoxyflurane, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, chloroform and fluoroxene, at concentrations up to S mM, had no effect on the fusion of cortical vesicles with the plasma membrane. However, when Ca2+ was present at or above threshold levels for exocytosis, each of the tested anesthetics caused an inhibition of cortical vesicle fusion. Exocytosis was inhibited most effectively by methoxyflurane (55%), followed by halothane (30%), while fuoroxene consistently had the least effect (< 5%). These observations support the view that volatile anesthetics can impair the Ca2+-regulated fusogenic activities of natural membranes and are consistent with other data showing that inhalational agents inhibit secretory processes in intact cells.
Controls on microbial CO2 production: a comparison of surface and subsurface soil horizons

Although a significant amount of the organic C stored in soil resides in subsurface horizons, the dynamics of subsurface C stores are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine if changes in soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels have similar effects on the mineralization of surface (0‐25cm) and subsurface (below 25cm) C stores. Samples were collected from a 2m deep unsaturated mollisol profile located near Santa Barbara, CA, USA. In a series of experiments, we measured the influence of nutrient additions (N and P), soil temperature (10‐351C), and soil water potential ( � 0.5 to � 10MPa) on the microbial mineralization of native soil organic C. Surface and subsurface soils were slightly different with respect to the effects of water potential on microbial CO2 production; C mineralization rates in surface soils were more affected by conditions of moderate drought than rates in subsurface soils. With respect to the effects of soil temperature and nutrient levels on C mineralization rates, subsurface horizons were significantly more sensitive to increases in temperature or nutrient availability than surface horizons. The mean Q10 value for C mineralization rates was 3.0 in surface horizons and 3.9 in subsurface horizons. The addition of either N or P had negligible effects on microbial CO2 production in surface soil layers; in the subsurface horizons, the addition of either N or P increased CO2 production by up to 450% relative to the control. The results of these experiments suggest that alterations of the soil environment may have different effects on CO2 production through the profile and that the mineralization of subsurface C stores may be particularly susceptible to increases in temperature or nutrient inputs to soil.
The cerebroside sulfate activator from pig kidney: purification and molecular structure.

Abstract The activator protein for hydrolysis of cerebroside sulfate by arylsulfatase A was purified from pig kidney in high yield. This protein, also known as sphingolipid activator protein-1 and saposin-B, was particularly rich in pig kidney. Purification was achieved by a simple procedure involving homogenation and heat treatment followed by affinity, ion exchange, and gel filtration chromatographies. The final product was better than 90% pure by gel electrophoresis and HPLC. It was possible to sequence more than 60 amino acids from the N-terminus with only a few uncertain residues. The sequence differed from that predicted for the human protein by about 10%, with most amino acid variations being conservative. There appeared to be a residual glycosyl substituent on asparagine 21, but the sugar content was low and the protein failed to bind to concanavalin A. The cerebroside sulfate activator proved to be exceptionally resistant to denaturation or protease digestion. The apparent molecular mass was ∼20,000 Da on preparative gel-filtration columns, but was variable when estimated by HPLC gel filtration. Values ranging from 30,000 to over 100,000 Da were observed in neutral buffers, while values around 15,000–16,000 Da were seen in acidic buffers such as those used for assay of the biological activity. This was further decreased to a putative subunit of 7000–8000 Da under severe denaturing conditions. Pig kidney is a convenient source for the large-scale preparation of this interesting protein which has heretofore been obtained from human sources.
Personality Functioning in Adolescent Heart Transplant Recipients

Despite the obvious psychosocial stress associated with pediatric heart transplantation, there has been little research conducted on the psychological impact of this highly invasive treatment. In this article we report on the personality functioning of 15 adolescent heart transplant recipients who completed the Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory. Psychological distress was common in the sample, and behavioral tendencies were more consistent with internalizing types of behavior. Different personality patterns emerged when patients who had received their transplant because of congenital disease were compared with those who had acquired cardiac conditions. Patients with a history of congenital disease endorsed more passive and dependent characteristics, which is consistent with both previous research and clinical practice. The findings are discussed within a developmental model of maladjustment.
Surface Resistance at Microwave Frequencies in Transition Metal Ion Substituted Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide Superconductors

The temperature dependence of the surface resistance is investigated in polycrystalline yttrium barium copper oxide samples in which 2% of Cu is replaced with Fe, Mn, Co, or Ni. The superconducting transition temperature, determined from ac susceptibility measurements, varies from a maximum of 93K for the undoped sample to a minimum of 89.5K for the sample with Ni. A resonant cavity technique is used to determine the surface resistance at x-band frequencies over the temperature range 77 to 100 K. The data show a relatively large microwave resistance in the normal and superconducting states for samples containing Fe and Co. The superconducting energy gap is determined from the high frequency resistance data. Es wird die Temperaturabhangigkeit des Oberflachenwiderstands in polykristallinen Yttrium–Batrium–Kupferoxidproben, bei denen 2% des Cu durch Fe, Mn, Co oder Ni ersetzt ist, untersucht. Die aus Wechselstromsuszeptibilitatsmessungen bestimmte Supraleitungsubergangstemperatur andert sich von einem Maximum von 93 K fur die undotierte Probe zu einem Minimum von 89,5 K fur die Probe mit Ni. Es wird eine Resonatortechnik benutzt, um den Oberflachenwiderstand bei X-Bandfrequenzen im Temperaturbereich 77 bis 100 K zu bestimmen. Die Werte zeigen einen relativ grosen Mikrowellenwiderstand im normalen und supraleitenden Zustand fur Fe- und Co-haltige Proben. Aus den Hochfrequenzwiderstandswerten wird die Supraleitungsenergielucke bestimmt.
ENHANCING PROGRAM COMPLETION RATES AMONG TWO-YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF COLOR

The growing proportion of students of color enrolled in postsecondary education makes the ongoing issue of their retention and program completion an increasingly important concern in higher education. Survey data from a national study of chief student affairs officers (CSAOs) on retention barriers and strategies were merged with 1995 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Completions Survey Data. A regression analysis was conducted to identify the significant predictors of program completion rates for students of color at 573 two-year colleges. An institution's program completion rate for students of color was used as a proxy measure for its success in retaining students of color. Demographic and institutional characteristics that entered as predictors included having a CSAO of color and being a two-year college in a large city. Retention strategies that entered as predictors included having individuals of color serve on the board of trustees and having minority peer tutoring programs. The percent...
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