cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Pavement Profile Using Wavelets Analysis

Pavement smoothness can be described by the magnitude of the profile measurements and their distribution over measurement intervals. Surface smoothness, especially on newly constructed pavements, is a major concern for the highway industry. The smoothness is a measure of the quality of the constructed pavements. Measured data from profilographs are inherently multiscale in nature owing to different contributions from events occurring at different locations and with different localization frequency. Therefore, a data analysis method that can represent the measured data at multiple scale is better suited for extracting information and making inferences. This paper presents a mathematical tool, a wavelets analysis, that has the potential to extract information at different scales. The multiscale property and structure of the wavelet algorithm can lead to a method of analysis and display that highlights changes in the profile measurements.
In‐situ poling and synthesis of NLO chromophore‐bearing polyurethanes for second harmonic generation

The preparation of six diol and one triol monomers bearing donor–acceptor chromophores is described. The monomers contain the N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline unit with various acceptor groups attached in some cases via azo or olefin linkages, at the para position. Acceptors studied include nitro, tricyanovinyl, cyclobutene-1,2-dione, and imidazolidine-2,4-dione. Poled polymer films were prepared by thermal polymerization of these with 2,4-toluenediisocyanate (TDI) in the presence of an electric field generated by a corona tip. The resulting thin (ca. 1 μm), glassy polymer films were shown to exhibit reasonably good second harmonic generation efficiencies. Preliminary results show that the polymers with higher Tg's have the best temporal stability. The polymer derived from the diol bearing an imidazolidine-2,4-dione acceptor shows only a ca. 30% decrease in its second harmonic generation (SHG) signal over 200 days at room temperature, even though it is not crosslinked. We attribute this to hydrogen bonding interactions from the urethane and imidazolidine-2,4-dione groups. A crosslinked film derived from the triol and TDI has an exceedingly stable SHG response at room temperature, and no decrease in the SHG response is observed at 100°C for a few hours. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Random-breakage mapping method applied to human DNA sequences

The random-breakage mapping method [Game et al. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res., 18, 4453-4461] was applied to DNA sequences in human fibroblasts. The methodology involves NotI restriction endonuclease digestion of DNA from irradiated calls, followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting and hybridization with DNA probes recognizing the single copy sequences of interest. The Southern blots show a band for the unbroken restriction fragments and a smear below this band due to radiation induced random breaks. This smear pattern contains two discontinuities in intensity at positions that correspond to the distance of the hybridization site to each end of the restriction fragment. By analyzing the positions of those discontinuities we confirmed the previously mapped position of the probe DXS1327 within a NotI fragment on the X chromosome, thus demonstrating the validity of the technique. We were also able to position the probes D21S1 and D21S15 with respect to the ends of their corresponding NotI fragments on chromosome 21. A third chromosome 21 probe, D21S11, has previously been reported to be close to D21S1, although an uncertainty about a second possible location existed. Since both probes D21S1 and D21S11 hybridized to a single NotI fragment and yielded a similar smear pattern, this uncertainty is removed by the random-breakage mapping method.
Windlass Mechanism in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus, Peripheral Neuropathy, and Low Medial Longitudinal Arch Height.

Background:The windlass mechanism, acting through the plantar fascia, stabilizes the arches of the foot during stance phase of gait. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in radiographic measurements of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) between toe-flat and -extended positions in participants with and without diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral neuropathy (PN), and a low MLA.Methods:Twelve participants with DMPN and low MLA and 12 controls received weightbearing radiographs in a toe-flat and toe-extended position. DMPN participants were subcategorized from radiographs into DMPN severe, evidence of severe joint changes, and DMPN low, absence of joint changes. Primary measurements of MLA were determined in each position and included Meary’s angle, talar declination angle, first metatarsal declination angle, and navicular height.Results:The DMPN severe group had no difference between toe-flat and -extended positions for Meary’s, talar declination, and first metatarsal declination angles (P > .35) ...
Cryptic Variations in Abyssal Peridotite Compositions: Evidence for Shallow-level Melt Infiltration in the Oceanic Lithosphere

Author Posting. © The Authors, 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Oxford University Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Petrology 51 (2010): 395-423, doi:10.1093/petrology/egp096.
Ending poverty in Mongolia: From socialism to social development

While recent literature on social welfare has included Asian countries, less is known about low-income and former socialist countries in Central Asia. This article combines a documentary-historical method with a value-critical approach to analyze Mongolia's social policy response to poverty. Mongolia is unique in Asia because it transformed from nomadic pastoralism to socialism without a phase of capitalist industrial development. The case study found that Mongolia lost social welfare when it transitioned from socialism, a statist model, to market liberalism and multiparty democracy. In the 21st century, Mongolia has been aspiring to promote social development by redirecting mining revenues to a human development fund. Mongolia is potentially an exemplar of social development strategies affirmed at the United Nations Conference for Social Development (Rio+20) regarding a green economy for inclusive growth and poverty elimination. Future social welfare research should consider the importance of sustainability. Key Practitioner Message: ● Global standards for tracking poverty alleviation will be integrated with sustainability measures beginning in 2015; ● Mongolia hopes to foster social development and sustainable livelihoods by reinvesting revenues from mining into human capital and health care; ● To sustain future generations, social policy needs to consider the relationship between natural capital, social capital, and financial capital.
ULCERS OF THE LEG IN MEDITERRANEAN DISEASE

Ulceration of the skin of the legs may occur in Mediterranean disease. Such ulceration cannot be distinguished grossly from that occurring in sickle cell anemia and congenital hemolytic icterus. The outstanding histologic feature (noted at biopsy of one of these ulcers) is the prominent deposition of iron in the cutis.
Teaching Tax to Undergraduate Students: Learning by Doing 'Net Pay' and 'Taxable Income'

I am always challenged to find ways to help my undergraduate tax students grasp the all-important vocabulary and foundation concepts. To my students, words such as 'net pay' and 'taxable income' appear at first to be 'English'. But when used in a tax setting, those simple English words become a 'foreign language'. In particular, I find many students have particular difficulty understanding the interrelationships and differences between 'net pay' and 'taxable income'. Over the years, I designed and implemented a variety of 'learning by doing' course assignments to provide my undergraduate tax students experiential learning in a practical and useful framework for assimilating these basic, but important concepts. In this paper, I share with accounting colleagues some of my more successful 'learning by doing' exercises - 'Net Pay & Taxable Income Handout' and four computer 'Tax Lab Assignments'. These exercises have helped to better prepare my students for employment and life in the 'real world' - may they do the same for your students. NOTE: Intuit ProSeries professional tax compliance software is available for free to tax educators.
Overview of the challenges related to oral agents for cancer and their impact on adherence.

Background The increasing number and complexity of oral agents for cancer (OACs) have created a paradigm shift in the process and outcomes in oncology care. With 25%-30% of new oncology medications in development being oral agents, and a steady increase in approvals in the past 5-10 years, the issues are relevant in clinical practice. Objectives The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the challenges related to OACs, including adherence, and to describe the consequences of adherence and resources for oncology nurses. Methods The literature was searched to determine challenges related to OACs and their impact on adherence, and an overview of the issues was compiled. Findings Oncology nurses are key stakeholders in recognizing the challenges and issues associated with the change in treatment regarding OACs. Oncology nurses are an integral part of managing the oral agent process, from access to adherence. Oncology nurses need to understand the issues surrounding OACs so that adherence practices can be improved.
A modified antigen for serodiagnosis of systemic candidiasis.

Systemic candidiasis is emerging as a major obstacle in the successful management of leukemia and other conditions requiring immunosuppressive, steroid, or antibiotic therapy. Because there are no clearcut diagnostic criteria, the infection is rarely recognized and treated in time. Additional means of diagnosis are therefore urgently needed. Previous studies by the writers have indicated that precipitin reaction in agar gel against cytoplasmic candidal antigens permits diagnosis of systemic candidiasis with S5 to 90% reliability. Verifiably false-positive precipitin reactions have been observed thus far only in patients with autoimmune endocrinopathies in association with chronic cutaneous and mucocutaneous candidiasis. False-negative reactions may, however, be expected in the presence of terminal or disease-related aiiergy. Widespread diagnostic evaluation of the precipitin reaction has hitherto been precluded by lack of a generally available, standardized antigen. A candidal extract, developed for this purpose by Hollister-Stier Laboratories, is evaluated in the present studies. Positive and negative precipitin reactions obtained with this antigen in gel diffusion tests against 50 human sera corresponded closely with those of the control, a cytoplasmic sonicate of C. albicans prepared and used by the writers for the past several years. Although not standardized and poorer in antigenic components than the control, the test antigen proved satisfactory enough to merit further evaluation by other investigators.
Control of bud worms on sweet com in central and south Florida.

Control of budworms, principally the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), in the whorls of sweet corn in central and south Florida was investigated during 1967–68. In tests with 96–100% damage in check plots the highest percentage of injury-free plants occurred in plots treated with monocrotophos, Gardona® (2-chlolo-l-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate), (GG-6506 (dimethyl p -(methylthio) phenyl phosphate), Lannate®( S -methyl N -[(methylcarbamoyl) oxy] thioacetimidate). Monitor® ( O - S -dimethyl phosphoramidithioate), parathion + methyl parathion, parathion + toxaphene, Bacillus turingiensis Berliner (Thuricide® + methyl parathion, UC-30045 (methyl 2-isopropyl-4-(methylcarbamoyloxy) carbanilate), UC-34096 (4-[[(dimethylamino) dimethylamino) methylene]amino]-m-tolyl methylcarbamate hydrochloride), and VCS-506 ( O -(4-bromo-2,5-dich]orophenyl) O -methyl phenylphosphonothioate). Other materials tested were less effective.
Relationship between plasma concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, lactate and pyruvate and alcohol after oral or intravenous administration of alcohol to normal human subjects: a population pharmacodynamics (PD) analysis

AIM : To investigate the relationship between plasma concentration of β hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, lactate, pyruvate, β hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate (H/A ratio) and lactate/pyruvate (L/P ratio) and alcohol by population PD analysis after oral or intravenous administration of alcohol. METHODS : An oral dose of alcohol equivalent to 1.02 g·L -1 total body water was administered to 14 normal human subjects and an IV infusion (30 min) dose of alcohol equivalent to 0.83 g·L -1 total body water was administered to 8 normal subjects. Venous blood was sampled for determination of alcohol (BAC), β hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, lactate and pyruvate for 380 min after oral administration and for 340 min after IV administration. RESULTS : After oral administration, the average of C 0 for BAC was 666±81 mg·L -1 , and it was significantly lower than 1 020 mg·L -1 ( P 0.001 ). The slope β for eliminate phase was 2.29 ± 0.50 mg·L -1 ·min -1 . After IV administration, C 0 was 756±109 mg·L -1 , and the slope β for eliminate phase was 2.45 ± 0.51 mg·L -1 ·min -1 . The C 0 was not significantly different from the expected value of 830 mg·L -1 . After oral or IV administration, the relationship between BAC and β hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, lactate and pyruvate concentration and H/A and L/P ratio were investigated by population physiologic indirect response model, and the parameters were presented. Meanwhile, the H/A did not reach maximum at the end of the elimination phase of the alcohol, and it suggested that the liver continue to accumulate NADH at zero orden metabolism phase of alcohol. The plot of BAC versus the plasma concentration of lactate showed an apparent counter clockwise hysteresis. CONCLUSION : In general, venous blood L/P ratio is not a suitable index for the real time reflection of liver redox status because of the time lag change in concentration of lactate after administration of ethanol. The parameters provided here can be useful for future researches on the effect of alcohol on liver redox status.
Neuraxial Infusion for Pain Control: When, Why, and What to Do After the Implant

Neuraxial infusion therapy is an excellent option for selected patients with severe pain. Both epidural and intrathecal systems can be effective for multiple pains and are titratable, nondestructive, and very safe.
Transfer of Listeria monocytogenes during slicing of turkey breast, bologna, and salami with simulated kitchen knives.

In response to continued concerns regarding Listeria cross-contamination during the slicing of deli meats, a series of specially prepared grade 304 and 316 stainless steel kitchen knife blades was inoculated with a six-strain Listeria monocytogenes cocktail (10(8), 10(5), and 10(3) CFU per blade) composed of two weak, two medium, and two strong biofilm-forming strains. The blades were then attached to an Instron 5565 electromechanical compression analyzer and used to slice whole chubs of delicatessen turkey breast, bologna, and salami to entirety (30 slices) at a cutting speed of 8.3 mm/s. Homogenates of the slices in University of Vermont Medium were surface or pour plated with modified Oxford agar and then enriched. Listeria transfer from knife blades inoculated at 10(8) CFU per blade was logarithmic, with a 2-log decrease seen after 8 to 12 slices and direct counts obtained thereafter out to 30 slices. However, blades containing 10(5) and 10(3) CFU per blade typically yielded direct counts out to only 20 and 5 slices, respectively. Normalizing data on a log scale for the first 10 slices resulted in significantly greater Listeria transfer and "tailing" from grade 304 as opposed to grade 316 stainless (P 0.05) within stainless steel grade (P < 0.05) for each product. However, significant differences in cutting force were seen between salami and turkey (P < 0.05) for grades 304 and 316 stainless, respectively. In addition to compositional differences in the deli meats and knife blades, wear and scoring on the blade likely affected Listeria transfer during slicing.
Considerations on imaging the PM/AICD patient; are we entering a new era? An evolutionary report of our first 100 Patients

Background Pacemaker/AICD use may no longer be prohibitive in the MRI environment. Seminal work by us and others has pointed towards increasing safety and specifically, the marked additive clinical value. Historically, only extraordinarily high-risk patients with acute life-threatening diagnoses were imaged. However, over time, we began to note an interesting trend as our understanding, science and comfort level admixed with zero-event rate almost imperceptibly causes us to ‘relax’ the mandate for ‘acuity’. We wondered, “Has imaging a patient with a pacemaker that was once considered a last resort procedure started to evolve into a ‘routine’ study?
Fivefold increase of hydrogen uptake in MOF74 through linker decorations

We present ab initio results for linker decorations in Mg-MOF74, i.e., attaching various metals $\mathcal{M}=\text{Li}$, Na, K, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Pd, Ag, and Pt near the ring of the linker, creating new strong adsorption sites and thus maximizing small-molecule uptake. We find that in most cases these decorations influence the overall form and structure of Mg-MOF74 only marginally. After the initial screening, we chose metals that bind favorably to the linker and further investigated adsorption of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2},{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ for $\mathcal{M}=\text{Li}$, Na, K, and Sc. For the case of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ we show that up to 24 additional guest molecules can be adsorbed in the metal-organic framework (MOF) unit cell, with binding energies comparable to the original open-metal sites at the six corners of the channel. This leads to a fivefold increase of the molecule uptake in Mg-MOF74, with tremendous impact on many applications in general and hydrogen storage in particular, where the gravimetric hydrogen density increases from 1.63 to 7.28 mass % and the volumetric density increases from 15.10 to 75.50 g ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{L}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
Parenting and female dermatologists' perceptions of work-life balance.

Abstract Background Women in medicine may feel pressure to choose between the competing demands of career goals and being a dedicated spouse and parent. Objective The purpose of this survey study is to report on the current opinions of female dermatologists with regard to family planning, maternity leave, and career success. Methods We surveyed 183 members of the Women's Dermatologic Society using a 13-question survey that was approved for distribution by the institutional review board committee of the University of Connecticut Health Center. Results We found that women were most likely to have children while they were residents (51%), despite the fact that residents were more likely to report barriers to childbearing at this career stage. These barriers included length of maternity leave, appearing less committed to residency responsibilities compared with peers, and inadequate time and privacy to breast feed. Strategies to achieve a work-life balance included hiring in-home help and working part-time. Of note, many women commented on the need for more family planning resources at work. Conclusion Thought should be given to future administrative strategies that can lessen the burden of parents who are dermatologists and have academic ambitions.
Fast Mg2+ diffusion in Mo3(PO4)3O for Mg batteries.

In this work, we identify a new potential Mg battery cathode structure Mo3(PO4)3O, which is predicted to exhibit ultra-fast Mg2+ diffusion and relatively high voltage based on first-principles density functional theory calculations. Nudged elastic band calculations reveal that the migration barrier of the percolation channel is only ∼80 meV, which is remarkably low, and comparable to the best Li-ion conductors. This low barrier is verified by ab initio molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The voltage and specific energy are predicted to be ∼1.98 V and ∼173 W h kg−1, respectively. If confirmed by experiments, this material would have the highest known Mg mobility among inorganic compounds.
Abstract 2149A: CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis invalidates a genetic target of clinical trials in cancer

The Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase MELK has been described as a genetic dependency in several cancer types, most notably in the highly-aggressive basal subtype of breast cancer; MELK inhibition through the use of both RNAi and small-molecule approaches appears to block the growth of cancer types with such dependency. Based on these results, the MELK inhibitor OTS167 is currently being tested as a novel chemotherapy agent in multiple clinical trials. Here, however, we report that mutagenizing MELK with CRISPR/Cas9 has no effect on the fitness of basal breast cancer cell lines or cell lines from other cancer types. Through seven guide RNAs targeting the kinase and kinase-associated domains of MELK, we demonstrate that mutagenesis of MELK causes no defect in proliferative ability or anchorage independent growth in these cancer types. Additionally, cells with mutagenized MELK remain sensitive to OTS167, suggesting that this drug blocks proliferation through an off-target mechanism. Finally, the patient tumor gene expression data that initially identified MELK as being significantly upregulated in patients with poor survival was reexamined. As MELK is thought to play a role in mitosis, we compared MELK expression to a set of well-known cell proliferation markers and show significant correlations of MELK with the proliferation genes; this suggests a role of MELK in representing the mitotic activity of a tumor, rather than possessing a transformative role in itself. In total, our results undermine the rationale for a series of current clinical trials based on MELK inhibition and provide an experimental approach for the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in preclinical target validation that can be broadly applied. Citation Format: Ann Lin, Christopher Giuliano, Nicole Sayles, Joan Smith, Jason Sheltzer. CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis invalidates a genetic target of clinical trials in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2149A. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2149A
Terazosin in the treatment of hypertension and symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: a primary care trial.

BACKGROUND Terazosin, an alpha 1 blocker initially used as an antihypertensive, was approved in 1993 for use in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms. This study was designed to determine the safety and efficacy of terazosin in treating patients with concomitant BPH and hypertension. METHODS Middle-aged men with essential hypertension were enrolled by their primary care physicians in community practice. Those with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia were identified by a Boyarsky scale score. The study was a 12-week, dose-escalation, open-label protocol for men aged 45 years and older. RESULTS Enrollment in the study totaled 5365 patients. Of these, 1483 had Boyarsky scores of > or = 7, indicating symptomatic BPH. All patients with elevated blood pressure at the beginning of the study, including those with symptomatic BPH, showed significant reduction in blood pressure at the end of the 12-week trial. The patients with symptomatic BPH had statistically significant improvement in their BPH voiding symptoms. In the 1483 patients with BPH symptoms, terazosin produced a mean reduction of 55% in overall Boyarsky scores, 57% in obstructive symptom scores, and 54% in irritative symptom scores. In patients with baseline blood pressure < or = 150/90 mm Hg, blood pressure reductions were statistically significant but clinically irrelevant. Adverse events were mild. CONCLUSIONS Terazosin is safe and effective in treating concomitant hypertension and BPH.
Thermal quenching of the yellow luminescence in GaN

We observed varying thermal quenching behavior of the yellow luminescence band near 2.2 eV in different GaN samples. In spite of the different behavior, the yellow band in all the samples is caused by the same defect—the YL1 center. In conductive n-type GaN, the YL1 band quenches with exponential law, and the Arrhenius plot reveals an ionization energy of ∼0.9 eV for the YL1 center. In semi-insulating GaN, an abrupt and tunable quenching of the YL1 band is observed, where the apparent activation energy in the Arrhenius plot is not related to the ionization energy of the defect. In this case, the ionization energy can be found by analyzing the shift of the characteristic temperature of PL quenching with excitation intensity. We conclude that only one defect, namely, the YL1 center, is responsible for the yellow band in undoped and doped GaN samples grown by different techniques.
Scaling up to Increase Community-Based Organization Voice

ABSTRACTThis is a collaborative, community-based study of the merger of two Chicago community-organizing groups seeking to expand their geographic base and political power. Although the merger enabled the new organization to increase and use its power, this case also illustrates the various ways the merger presented opportunities for the new organization to maintain effectiveness at multiple scales while sustaining strong internal democracy and connections to local residents. By consolidating and leveraging new and old political relationships, and by maintaining or increasing the civic benefits of organizing, this merger provides important lessons for organizing in diverse community settings.
Threat inflation as political melodrama: ISIS and the politics of late modern fear

Fearful talk surrounding ISIS discloses two ‘public secrets’ that collectively define the dilemma of late modern politics. The first is a transition from politics that is experienced and narrated c...
Exercise Mitigates Alcohol Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated Cognitive Impairment through ATF6-Herp Signaling.

Chronic ethanol/alcohol (AL) dosing causes an elevation in homocysteine (Hcy) levels, which leads to the condition known as Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). HHcy enhances oxidative stress and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption through modulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; in part by epigenetic alternation, leading to cognitive impairment. Clinicians have recommended exercise as a therapy; however, its protective effect on cognitive functions has not been fully explored. The present study was designed to observe the protective effects of exercise (EX) against alcohol-induced epigenetic and molecular alterations leading to cerebrovascular dysfunction. Wild-type mice were subjected to AL administration (1.5 g/kg-bw) and subsequent treadmill EX for 12 weeks (5 day/week@7–11 m/min). AL affected mouse brain through increases in oxidative and ER stress markers, SAHH and DNMTs alternation, while decreases in CBS, CSE, MTHFR, tight-junction proteins and cellular H2S levels. Mechanistic study revealed that AL increased epigenetic DNA hypomethylation of Herp promoter. BBB dysfunction and cognitive impairment were observed in the AL treated mice. AL mediated transcriptional changes were abolished by administration of ER stress inhibitor DTT. In conclusion, exercise restored Hcy and H2S to basal levels while ameliorating AL-induced ER stress, diminishing BBB dysfunction and improving cognitive function via ATF6-Herp-signaling. EX showed its protective efficacy against AL-induced neurotoxicity.
An approach to image clustering and retrieval

This paper presents another outlook on image description, classification and retrieval. Some popular image description methods are Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HoG), Speed Up Robust Features (SURF) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). While SURF and SIFT both use ”interest points” to describe an image, HoG uses all of the points in the image. One of the goals of this paper is to improve HoG by creating a feature vector containing more information about the image. The proposed description method is called the Histogram of Second order Oriented Gradients (HSoG) and it was shown to perform better than HoG using a dataset comprising of airplanes, cars and motorbikes by supervised learning. The second goal is to tackle image clustering for aid in unsupervised learning and this paper explores a method called Localized Clustering with a comparison to K-Means. The localized clustering approach does not require the number of clusters as an input but it does return what it determines the number of clusters should be. Finally, The retrieval process presented involves training a linear SVM with known labels (supervised) to evaluate the effectiveness of HoG vs HSoG and HSoG out performs HoG.
Enhanced enforcement outcomes through a responsive regulation approach to sales tax enforcement

In this study, targeted interventions were applied in a natural quasi-experimental setting to taxpayers engaged in sales tax theft and evasion to gauge both the direct and indirect impacts of a responsive regulation approach to compliance enforcement. The approach adopted included substantial engagement with targeted businesses and deferral of more punishing forms of deterrence based on the target's level of cooperation and effort to return to and maintain compliance. Results were was found to be 2.17:1. Additionally, the impact of the targeted responsive regulation interventions greatly exceeded the results obtained in deterrence-only control groups in terms of tax assessments compared to multiple control groups to determine the indirect impact of the interventions and to compare the responsive regulation approach to traditional deterrence-only enforcement results. The indirect versus direct impact of the targeted responsive regulation enforcement regimen overall and assessment per dollar of cost ($322.19 vs. $5.21).
Description of a therapeutic approach to pseudoseizures in adolescents

The case histories and short-term (10 to 12 sessions) multifaceted treatment of two male adolescents, manifesting pseudoseizures, are presented. Therapeutic techniques are discussed, and these can be categorized under three headings: a) defining and reframing the problem, b) “easy-out” explanations acceptable to the patient, family, and friends, and c) the patient assumes control.
Contemporary trends and techniques in tooth whitening: a review.

UNLABELLED The popularity of tooth whitening has increased with the advent of patient-applied, peroxide-based whitening agents, as well as increased media influence. Peroxides are considered effective and safe when used under professional supervision. Whitening methods include those prescribed by a dental professional for the patient's at-home use, those applied by the dental professional in the office, a combination of both, or methods available over the counter (OTC). This article reviews the effect of contemporary whitening agents and illustrates the clinical application of three methods prescribed by dental professionals. LEARNING OBJECTIVES This article presents the use of three different types of whitening agents for improved aesthetics. Upon reading this article, the reader should be able to: Distinguish the difference between professionally administered in-office and at-home tooth-whitening results. Identify the effects of whitening agents on dental tissues.
A NUMERICAL STUDY OF SURFACTANT FLUSHING TO REMEDIATE NAPL (NON-AQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID)

Mathematical models of flow and transport mechanismsfor surfactant flushing to remediate NAPL (Non-aqueousphase liquid) have been established and solved bynumerical simulation. A column experiment was used asa physical model for the simulation. One percentsorbitan monooleate was used as a surfactant solutionand tetrachloroetylene (PCE) as a NAPL source. Theexperimental work was simulated using the commercialcomputer code, MOTRANS, and its computed result wascompared to the experimental result. The predictedeffectiveness of surfactant flushing from thesimulation was better than observed in theexperimental work. This behavior was attributed to amore complicated distribution of PCE in the realcolumn than in the model and kinetic effects. Theseeffects should be considered in applying surfactantflushing for remediation. The numerical study of thecolumn experiment might provide a method forprediction of suitability of surfactant flushing as aremediation technique at the contaminated sites.
Reward Processing: Human Imaging

This article summarizes the contribution of human neuroimaging studies to our current understanding of how rewards are processed in the brain. Reward processing can usefully be fractionated into four components: encoding the value of a rewarding stimulus, encoding predictions of future rewards, the mechanisms underlying learning of reward predictions, and the mechanisms underlying the selection of behavioral responses in order to obtain the reward. The role of a number of distinct brain regions in these different processes are described, with a particular focus on the contributions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, ventral and dorsal striatum, and dopaminergic midbrain.
El infructuoso límite de publicaciones de prensa en España y en el Mercado Europeo Digital

This article analyzes the regulation of the limitation of contents aggregation in the Spanish Copyright Law. We describe its regulation, requirements and effectiveness. Furthermore it describes how unsuccessful it was for different European countries to legislate the protection of press contents in the digital field and the Proposal presented by the European Commission. Finally it describes the regulation of the limitation of current information in the Peruvian Copyright Law and the possible reasons that still motivate the absence of news aggregation in Latin America laws.
Quadrotor aircraft intelligent system identification experiment design

Aircraft prototyping and modeling is usually associated with resource expensive techniques and significant post flight analysis. The NASA Learn-To-Fly concept targets the replacement of the convent...
Two-atom Hanle-type resonance spectra at high photon densities. II: Numerical results

Abstract Numerical calculations are presented for the two-atom Hanle-type resonance spectra arising from the interaction of two identical three-level atoms with a strong electromagnetic field whose frequency mode is highly populated. The two-atoms interact through their dipole-dipole interaction and radiate to each other as well. The spectral functions describing the excitation spectra of the symmetric and antisymmetric modes have been computed for selected values of the parameters involved. The computed spectra are graphically presented and discussed. The intensities of a number of peaks are found to change from positive to negative values, and vice versa, depending upon the values of the parameters describing the system. The dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms is found to have a pronounced effect in determining the spectra of the antisymmetric modes of the system and, in particular, it enhances the physical process of optical amplification of the signal field.
Effect of sex and exogenous porcine somatotropin on longissimus muscle fiber characteristics of growing pigs.

Thirty-seven pigs with an initial live weight of 60 kg were used to investigate the effects of daily exogenous porcine somatotropin (pST) administration at two dose levels (0 and 100 micrograms.kg-1.d-1) for a 31-d period on muscle fiber characteristics and meat tenderness of boars, gilts and barrows. Excipient boars and gilts had more alpha W and fewer alpha R fibers than did those receiving pST. The percentage of muscle fiber type for barrows was not affected by pST treatment. The administration of pST resulted in an increase in muscle fiber size for all three fiber types in all three sexes, but these changes were of greater magnitude in barrows (31.8%) and gilts (27.8%) than in boars (9.3%). Somatotropin negated the intrinsic sex effect differences in fiber area of the pigs. There was no difference in tenderness among excipient boars, barrows and gilts; however, with the inclusion of pST, shear force decreased in boars and gilts and increased in barrows. A high proportion of the pST-treated pigs contained giant fibers in the longissimus muscle. Furthermore, a small proportion of the pST-treated pigs exhibited pale, soft, exudative muscle. Whether the giant fiber anomalies occurred through increased muscle activity or from fibers undergoing degenerative changes was not determined.
Direct-modulated optical networks for interposer systems

We present a new interposer-level optical network based on direct-modulated lasers such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) or transistor lasers (TLs). Our key observation is that, the physics of these lasers is such that they must transmit significantly more power (21x) than is needed by the receiver. We take advantage of this excess optical power to create a new network architecture called Rome, which splits optical signals using passive splitters to allow flexible bandwidth allocation among different transmitter and receiver pairs while imposing minimal power and design costs. Using multi-chip module GPUs (MCM-GPUs) as a case study, we thoroughly evaluate network power and performance, and show that (1) Rome is capable of efficiently scaling up MCM-GPUs with up to 1024 streaming multiprocessors, and (2) Rome outperforms various competing designs in terms of energy efficiency (by up to 4x) and performance (by up to 143%).
Soluble Inflammatory Mediators Proteinase-3 and Neutrophil Elastase Are Targeted by PR1-Specific Immunotherapy After Cellular Uptake and Cross Presentation of PR1 Peptide by Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract 2089 The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 restricted nonapeptide PR1 (VLQELNVTV) was shown to be immunogenic in leukemia. A phase I/II clinical trial has been initiated with PR1 peptide vaccine and to date has demonstrated clinical efficacy, including complete remission and immunologic responses in patients with acute (AML) and chronic (CML) myeloid leukemia, as well as myelodysplastic syndrome. PR1 is derived from the serine proteases proteinase-3 (P3) and neutrophil elastase (NE), which are normally found within neutrophil azurophil granules and are released into the inflammatory milieu. We have shown that P3 and NE are taken up and cross presented by antigen presenting cells and that their cross presentation elicits PR1 immunity. Because P3 and NE are present in breast cancer biopsies, we hypothesized that P3/NE may be taken up by breast cancer cells and cross presented to PR1-CTL. We recently demonstrated that the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, MCF-7 and HER18 do not endogenously express NE and that NE is taken up by these cell lines. In this report, using PCR, western blot and flow cytometry, we show that P3 also is NOT endogenously expressed by the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, MCF-7 or HER18. Using confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that P3 is taken up by these breast cancer cell lines within 10 minutes of pulsing and localizes to LAMP-2 containing lysosomal vesicles by 4 hours, suggesting its processing for presentation by (HLA)-I (i.e. HLA-A2). Using 8F4, the novel PR1-HLA-A2 monoclonal antibody, we show that PR1 is cross presented from P3 by 3 of 4 HLA-A2+ breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453-A2+, MCF-7), and from NE by 1 of 4 breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231). Next, we studied whether PR1 presentation made cells susceptible to PR1-specific killing by PR1-CTL and the 8F4 monoclonal antibody. We show that following 12-hour pulsing of the MDA-MB-231 cell line with NE or P3, PR1 CTLs killed up to 31% and 38% of the NE- or P3-pulsed breast cancer cells respectively, vs. <1% of ovalbumin (ova)-pulsed MDA-MB-231cells. Additionally, in a complement mediated cytotoxicity assay using 8F4 antibody, pulsing of MDA-MB-231 cells with P3 led to 60% cytotoxicity (vs. 40% in ova-pulsed cells). In conclusion, this study shows that 1) PR1 is cross presented by breast cancer cells following uptake of soluble P3 and NE and 2) PR1 expression makes breast cancer a target of PR1-specific immunotherapy. If uptake of P3 or NE, present in the inflammatory milieu of other solid tumors, also leads to PR1 cross presentation, then PR1-based immunotherapy may be useful to treat other non-hematopoietic tumors. These results support a new paradigm linking inflammation and innate immunity to adaptive immune responses to cancer. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Perspectives in Keratoplasty

The past half century of progress in keratoplasty is reviewed with respect both to fundamental evolution of corneal transplantation from essentially uniform penetrating keratoplasty of the 1960s to the current variations on anterior and posterior lamellar keratoplasty themes. The adjunctive development of surgical instrumentation, eye banking, and tecniques of ocular surface rehabilitation, anterior segment reconstruction and cataract surgery are also interpolated with respect to their influences on keratoplasty itself. The future of bioengineered corneas and their cellular constituents is also introduced.
On the Margins of Ritual and Experience

This article will explore the importance of shared experience to those participating in interreligious and intercultural exchange. It will argue for the importance of this shared experience, even if the meaning-giving frames of the experience are not shared or held in common. It reflects my experience as Founding Director of CEDAR —Communities Engaging with Difference and Religion, a global NGO devoted to learning how to live together with difference. The program has been in existence for 14 years and has informed some of my more scholarly work on ritual. It is often assumed that sharing ritual action between different religious groups involves, by definition, sharing a frame or creating a new frame of shared meanings which would then embrace both, thus creating a new entity. In the process the difference and defining aspects of each religion would be lost or, at best, relegated to the background. The problematic nature of this approach can be felt in Christian-Jewish meetings when Christians propose that we all now, “pray together” and the Jewish participants become – more often than not – extremely uncomfortable. In opposition to this approach, and relying on the evidence gathered from over a dozen years and more than 15 programs devoted to “living together with difference” I will argue for the possibility of shared experience without necessarily sharing meaning. I will make a claim for the possibility of constructing some degree of trust and solidarity on the basis of a shared past, rather than on shared meaning and the possibilities this entails for connecting disparate groups and individuals as they learn to “live together differently.”
‘How do you get the courage to stand up?’ Teachers’ constructions of activism in response to education policy reform

This study explores how six teachers worked up becoming and being activists in response to education reforms in the southeastern US. The reforms, which involved increasing student testing and imple...
Narratives of place: critical reflections on place-making in the curriculum of environmental studies and sciences (ESS)

This essay reflects on the experiential learning of place and place-making in the ESS curriculum, and contributes to the literature on critical place-based education. This paper discusses “narratives of place” as part of a critical race theoretical framework that provides grounding for the pedagogical tools of experiential learning, storytelling, and mental map making to empower students to discover and recover their sense of place. When students have the opportunity to tell their own stories in ways that support and validate their lived realities, they cultivate fertile ground for their narratives of place. Such an approach encourages different understandings of how people make sense of the world and their place in it. To accomplish this, I first discuss the importance of cultivating a sense of place in empowering students to decolonize history. I then reflect on my own teaching experiences in two courses. First, I reflect on storytelling and mental maps as pedagogical tools that encourage students to understand the various ways people experience the environment. Second, I reflect on experiential learning activities that can de-center the environmental “canon” and allow students possible pathways to understand how power influences the ways people encounter their environments in distinct ways. I conclude by offering narratives of place as a possible solution for developing a more critical ESS curriculum that better understands difference, diversity, and inclusion.
Due Process in a Fee-Driven State

Inspired by the Justice Department's report on criminal law enforcement and the use of courts as a revenue-generation machine in Ferguson, Missouri, we address the widespread problem of policing for profit in light of two classic Supreme Court cases on due process, and two very recent Court of Appeals cases that focus specifically on the due process implications of a justice system dependent for funding on those people it "serves." we argue that when everyone participating in the justice system is aware that the system itself depends on sufficient revenue from fines, fees, and forfeitures, that very dependency is a conflict of interest sufficient to violate due process rights. In this short article, we will look briefly at the history and law of judicial independence, after which we will describe the extent to which the modern judicial system – and, indeed, the entire law enforcement apparatus – depends upon extracting money from a steady stream of individuals who appear before it creating an untenable vested interest in charging and collecting and resulting in a fundamentally unfair system. We then offer a number of solutions, and find Supreme Court support for our approach in a surprising place.
AAG Dreams and Eclipse Realities

The conclusion explores implications for scholars and practitioners. I argue that charter networks re-conceptualize the teaching profession. They transform teachers’ employment terms, everyday work, and career trajectories, replacing autonomy and intrinsic rewards with competition and extrinsic rewards. My analyses suggest that teachers who work in marketized environments respond in ways similar to those displayed by workers in other contexts. In short, they compete, performing over the short term, sharing information strategically, and offering assistance selectively. It is critically important that scholars, legislators, and school leaders explore these outcomes, as an increasing number of traditional public schools contend with pressure to adopt market-centered policies (Goodman in Educational Researcher 42(2): 89–96, 2013; Miron in Handbook of Research in Education Finance and Policy. Cambridge, UK: Taylor & Francis, pp. 477–469, 2007; Renzulli & Roscigno in Contexts 6(1): 31–36, 2007). Finally, I advance a concept I call equity-conscious discourse as key to understanding how market-centered reformers cultivate mass buy-in. This discourse, which frames social inequality as structural and caring saviors as heroic, ultimately disguises and reproduces inequality.
Using Forum Theater as a Teaching Tool to Combat Patient Bias Directed Toward Health Care Professionals.

Introduction Health care professionals who identify as members of underrepresented and racial minority groups may experience bias from patients and patient families. These occurrences disrupt the e...
Roughness of ice shelves is correlated with basal melt rates

Ice shelf collapse could trigger widespread retreat of marine-based portions of the Antarctic ice sheet. However, little is known about the processes that control the stability of ice shelves. Rece...