cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metastatic Melanoma to the Bladder: Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 49-year-old Caucasian woman presented to the dermatology clinic for follow-up of malignant melanoma with a complaint of painless gross hematuria. Two years prior she was diagnosed with malignant melanoma from a skin lesion on her left flank treated with wide excision, negative axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Subsequently, she had no evidence of disease until urologic evaluation of her hematuria revealed two lesions in her bladder and cytopathology demonstrated findings consistent with malignant melanoma. We review literature on melanoma metastatic to the bladder and discuss the potential role of metastasectomy and other treatment strategies in such rare cases.
Foraminiferal distributions in tidal marshes bordering the Strait of Juan de Fuca; implications for paleoseismicity studies

Foraminiferal distributions are reported for three marshes bordering the Strait of Juan de Fuca-the Sooke River marsh on Vancouver Island, Canada and the Discovery Bay and Gibson Spit marshes on the north shore of Washington State. Cluster analysis was used to define foraminiferal biofacies with distinct elevation ranges for each marsh. Comparison of these biofacies to foraminiferal zonations on other marshes in the Pacific Northwest suggests some broad similarities in foraminiferal distributions, but also reveals some important contrasts. Variations in marsh zone foraminiferal assemblages and position relative to mean tide level are presumably due to differences in marsh characteristics, including freshwater influence, sedimentation rates and substrate texture, and to differences in the sampling and statistical techniques used to define biofacies. On the marshes included in this study, foraminiferal biofacies analysis has the potential to estimate paleoelevations of subsurface deposits with an accuracy ranging from 0.05-0.45 m. Potential use of biofacies analysis to estimate coseismic subsidence on these marshes is more limited: Gibson Spit marsh lacks a sufficient number of biofacies and at Sooke River marsh, coseismic subsidence would had to have been unrealistically large for this technique to be applicable. Only at Discovery Bay does this approach have possible utility--here coseismic subsidence on the order 0.1-0.56 m could potentially be detected. A review of foraminiferal distributions in marshes of the Pacific Northwest suggests that foraminiferal analysis does have the potential to aid in identifying tsunami layers in high marsh deposits throughout the region.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of USP1 Target ID1 Degradation in Leukemic Cells and Cause Cytotoxicity

ID1 (inhibitor of DNA-binding-1) is a member of the helix-loop-helix family of transcriptional regulatory proteins. The ID-family of proteins (ID1-ID4) inhibit the DNA binding of transcription factors which regulate cellular differentiation and proliferation. Accordingly, deregulation of ID proteins has been observed in many cancer types including leukemia. High levels of ID1 expression are found in primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and correlate with poor prognosis. ID1 is also identified as a common downstream target of the oncogenic tyrosine kinases, BCR-ABL, TEL-ABL and FLT3-ITD. In addition, Id1 has been shown to promote a myeloproliferative disease in mice, and knockdown of ID1 expression inhibits leukemic cell growth. Therefore, ID1 is an excellent candidate for targeted therapy in leukemia. However, suitable drugs to target ID1 have not been developed to date. ID1 is normally polyubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. Recently, it has been shown that USP1, a ubiquitin specific protease, deubiquitinates ID1 and rescues it from proteasome degradation. Inhibition of USP1 therefore offers a new avenue to target ID1 in cancer. Here, using a Ubiquitin-Rhodamine-based high throughput screen, we identified small molecule inhibitors of USP1 and investigated their therapeutic potential for leukemia. These inhibitors blocked the deubiquitinating enzyme activity of USP1 in vitro in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 in the nanomolar range, and also targeted the enzyme activity of native USP1. To determine the cellular consequences of USP1 inhibition, we exposed leukemic cells to micromolar concentrations of the inhibitors and evaluated ID1 levels and survival. USP1 inhibitors promoted the degradation of ID1 and, concurrently, inhibited the growth (>90% inhibition in 24 hrs) of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and AML cell lines with induction of apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. The EC50 of the inhibitors for the leukemic cell growth inhibition was approximately 1.07 μM ± 0.08 (95% Confidence Limits). Interestingly, exposure to low doses of USP1 inhibitor for 5 days in culture resulted in erythroid differentiation of K562 leukemic cells. A known USP1 inhibitor, Pimozide, also promoted ID1 degradation and inhibited growth of leukemic cells (>90% inhibition in 48 hrs), though at a higher drug concentrations as compared to the novel USP1 inhibitors. Importantly, the novel USP1 inhibitors promoted ID1 degradation and exhibited cytotoxicity (>90% death in 48 hrs) in primary AML patient-derived leukemic cells. Notably, siRNA-mediated knockdown of USP1 in K562 leukemic cells resulted in growth inhibition, increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the novel small molecule inhibitors of USP1 promote ID1 degradation and are cytotoxic to leukemic cells. The identification of USP1 inhibitors therefore opens up a new approach for leukemia therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Research Progress toward the Practical Applications of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

The renaissance of Li–S battery technology is evidenced by the intensive RD however, a real advance toward a practical Li–S battery is still missing. One of the main reasons behind this is the sensitivity of Li–S batteries to the experimental testing parameters. Sophisticated nanostructures are usually employed, while the practicality of these nanomaterials for batteries is rarely discussed. The sulfur electrode, usually engineered in a thin-film configuration, further poses uncertainties in the knowledge transfer from the lab to industry. This review article briefly overviews the recent researc...
Fast feasibility pursuit for non-convex QCQPS via first-order methods

Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programming (QCQP) is NP-hard in its general non-convex form, but it frequently arises in engineering design and applications ranging from state estimation to beamforming and clustering. Several polynomial-time approximation algorithms exist for non-convex QCQP problems (QCQPs), but their success hinges upon the ability to find at least one feasible point - which is also hard for a general problem instance. In this paper, we present a framework for computing feasible points of general non-convex QCQPs using simple first-order methods. Our approach features low computational and memory requirements, which makes it well-suited for application on large-scale problems. Experiments indicate the empirical effectiveness of our approach, despite currently lacking theoretical guarantees.
Investigation of pore structure in cobalt chrome additively manufactured parts using X-ray computed tomography and three-dimensional image analysis

Pore structures of additively manufactured metal parts were investigated with X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT). Disks made of a cobalt-chrome alloy were produced using laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF) processes. The additive manufacturing processing parameters (scan speed and hatch spacing) were varied in order to have porosities varying from 0.1% to 70% so as to see the effects of processing parameters on the formation of pores and cracks. The XCT images directly show three-dimensional (3D) pore structure, along with cracks. Qualitative visualization is useful; however, quantitative results depend on accurately segmenting the XCT images. Methods of segmentation and image analysis were carefully developed based, as much as possible, on aspects of the images themselves. These enabled quantitative measures of porosity, including how porosity varies in and across the build direction, pore size distribution, how pore structure varies between parts with similar porosity levels but different processing parameters, pore shape, and particle size distribution of un-melted powder trapped in pores. These methods could possibly serve as the basis for standard segmentation and image analysis methods for metallic additively manufactured parts, enabling accurate and reliable defect detection and quantitative measures of pore structure, which are critical aspects of qualification and certification.
Estrous behavior in mules - an owner's perspective.

Abstract Estrous behavior in mules can cause a difficult situation for the owner, molly, and veterinarian just as in horses. However, compared to the horse, the estrous behavior in mules is a topic that is relatively untouched in the veterinary literature. The survey in this study was designed to determine if mule owners notice signs of estrous in their mollies and whether these behavioral changes affect performance. Another aim of the survey was to determine if the owners are aware of the available options to help manage or eliminate estrous behavior. A total of 100 responses were received. Many owners (71%) recognized estrous behavior in their mules. A significant number of these owners (24%) said that the estrous signs were severe enough to warrant seeking veterinary advice. Hormonal treatment and ovariectomy are used in mares that show estrous-related behavioral changes and could be considered in mollies. Owners and veterinarians should be educated both on awareness of estrous behavior and the options for suppressing this behavior in mollies.
The impact of Employee’s Satisfaction on firm’s rewarding schemes and Employee Retention. Special reference to Insurance Companies in Batticaloa District

Today’s business world is very competitive; this competitive environment requires employers to retain key employees for their long-term health and survival. Most organisations have realized the importance of acceptance total employee satisfaction on rewards as a strategy to retain best talents. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of employee satisfaction through reward management on employee retention. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of employee satisfaction on reward on employee retention in insurance companies in Batticaloa. This study was based on the employee’s perspectives and their experiences with insurance companies human resource practices in Batticaloa. Data were obtained from the sample 200 employees, and stratified random sampling was used. The descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Hypotheses were formulated to test the relationships between the independent variable and the dependent variable .Regression analysis shows that 57.1% variation in the employee retention is explained by the Employee satisfaction on reward. Further, the results were as follows: First, financial and non-financial rewards were significantly positively impacted on employee retention and on which financial reward has high impact on employee retention than compare with non-financial rewards. Thus, the study concluded that rewards play a significant role in employee satisfaction, resulting in increased customer retention of employees in insurance companies Batticaloa. Regarding this study, the organization should put more concern on the financial rewards when designing the employee satisfaction to help organization retaining their employees.
Image Reading and Interpretation

The interpretation of medical images, including those used in catheter-based cardiovascular interventions, depends on a number of factors that impact the quality of the images, from image acquisition to display. From the perspective of clinicians, however, it is their perceptual and cognitive systems that underlie the image interpretation process that are most critical. In order to understand why and how errors are made during the interpretation process, and how to better educate our trainees, we need to understand the capabilities and limitations of the human visual system. For the most part, catheter-based cardiovascular interventions rely on the same types of images used in the majority of radiographic exams. The key difference is that these images typically involve motion or real-time imaging, adding another dimension to the interpretation process and a link between the visual system and other sensory and motor systems used during the interventional process. This chapter reviews some of the core aspects of medical image perception, from the basics of visual perception to causes of error, ways to study error, and ways to optimize the clinical reading environment.
FROST HEAVE AND THE SURFACE MELTING OF ICE

Ice is the most common substance exhibiting premelting phenomena. Observations by a variety of experimental techniques have shown that liquid water persists in porous media, to temperatures as low as –40° C. The melting of ice at surfaces has extremely important consequences in the environment, including the low frictional resistance of ice, the sintering of snow, and the creep of glaciers. There are serious non equilibrium effects associated with the persistence of liquid water at subzero temperatures; migration of this water under temperature gradients accounts for frost heave, which damages man made structures and acts as an agent for extensive geological change in temperate and subpolar climates. The causes of the persistence of unfrozen water and its migration in temperature gradients have been actively debated for many years, but a considerable advance in their explanation can be made in terms of recent developments in the fundamental theory of surface melting. This paper reviews the environmental effects and laboratory studies, and discusses the phenomena in the context of the physics of surface melting.
Abductive Reasoning and Similarity: Some Computational Tools

Abductive reasoning includes discovering new hypotheses or explanations. This chapter identifies several factors involved in abductive reasoning in an effort to move toward a theory of such reasoning. The chapter has an ultimate focus on the nature and influence of similarity. A major goal of our work is to develop computational tools that provide intelligent abductive suggestions to people engaged in discovering new knowledge. Novel abductive inferences often exhibit interesting similarities to the phenomena under investigation. Such similarities are not strong or direct but rather are often only obvious once the inference has been drawn. Some of our research is directed at discovering indirect similarities from text by using measures that are sensitive to indirect relations between terms in the text. By focusing on terms that are related but do not co-occur, potentially interesting indirect relations can be explored. Our work employs Random Indexing methods and Pathfinder networks to identify and display relations among terms in a text corpus. These displays are provided to individuals to suggest possible abductive inferences. We explore a variety of methods for identifying indirect similarities. The degree to which surprising and interesting inferences are suggested is the primary measure of success. Several examples are presented to illustrate the method: An analysis showing a positive relationship between (a) the strength of indirect similarity in one period of time and (b) the likelihood that the terms involved become directly related in future time This correlation supports the hypothesis that discoveries may be latent in such indirect similarities. Presumably, noticing such similarity brings indirectly related concepts together suggesting a new idea.
Performance of the Asynchronous Consensus Based Bundle Algorithm in Lossy Network Environments

We study multi-agent task allocation where multiple tasks must be divided among multiple autonomous robots. Algorithms for solving such problems are typically developed under the assumption of perfect communication, without considering the lossy nature of the underlying wireless network. In this paper, leveraging a sophisticated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network simulation platform, we investigate the sensitivity of a well-known decentralized task allocation framework to realistic communication constraints. In particular, we use the University at Buffalo's Airborne Networking and Communications (UB-ANC) Emulator to demonstrate that the Asynchronous Consensus Based Bundle Algorithm (ACBBA) deviates from its desired theoretical behavior when it is deployed in a realistic (lossy) network setting, especially as the number of agents (UAVs) and number of tasks increase. This may manifest in the form of the same task being assigned to multiple agents and/or some tasks not being assigned at all.
Imperial Ark: Imperial Preservationists and African Wildlife

This chapter explores the emergence of an imperial wildlife preservation lobby comprised of former hunters, liberal reformers, and imperialists. As the British Empire conquered southern, central, and eastern Africa in the late nineteenth century, wresting control over the management of land and animals from indigenous authorities, this lobby, in the form of the Society for the Preservation of the Fauna of the Empire (founded 1903) argued for a universal, empire-wide approach to protecting animals, regulating hunting, creating a new category of poachers, and relying on imperial agents and natural historians to publicize their cause. Preservationists leveraged their connections to Britain’s imperial government to gain a monopoly on imperial wildlife policymaking, but complained by the 1920s that their influence was waning.
Burn-Induced Microglia Activation is Associated With Motor Neuron Degeneration and Muscle Wasting in Mice.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Burn injury (BI) leads to both systemic and neuro-inflammation and is associated with muscle wasting and weakness, which increase morbidity and mortality. Disuse atrophy is concomitantly present in BI patients. Most studies have focused on muscle with little attention to role of
Tree spatial patterns modulate peak snow accumulation and snow disappearance

Abstract Forests and snow covered regions frequently co-occur across the northern hemisphere. In these environments, forests are structurally and spatially complex mosaics of tree neighborhoods that are intrinsically linked to ecosystem functions. Tree and canopy structures influence snow accumulation and disappearance processes through interception and radiation attenuation. However, it is unclear if spatial heterogeneity within the forest canopy induces heterogeneity in snow accumulation and persistence. We quantitatively identified different tree neighborhoods and tested the differential effects of these within-stand neighborhoods on snow processes. Neighborhood types included individual ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western larch (Larix occidentalis) trees, dense overstory tree clumps, openings, and regeneration patches. Intensive measurements of snow accumulation (density and depth) and persistence (disappearance date) were made within replicate neighborhoods for three years. Overall, neighborhood type and year had a significant effect on accumulation and snow disappearance. Openings were significantly different from clumps and individuals, always accumulating more snow. Openings retained snow significantly later than clumps but were not significantly different from individuals. Within the individual tree neighborhood type, a nested species effect indicated no differences in accumulation but significant differences in disappearance between deciduous and evergreen conifers, with snow persisting longer beneath deciduous western larch. Our results suggest that canopy interception is the primary mechanism driving the accumulation phase, while snow disappearance patterns are largely a consequence of spatial variation of longwave radiation. Reducing canopy interception and longwave radiation by increasing the abundance of widely spaced single trees and small openings with silvicultural treatments should increase snow depth and duration, and thus snow water storage. Maintaining a heterogeneous canopy structure that includes tree clumps can be used to meet multiple objectives such as provision of ungulate winter range habitat, and heterogenous understory plant phenology.
A Modified Johnson–Cook Model for Dynamic Response of Metals with an Explicit Strain- and Strain-Rate-Dependent Adiabatic Thermosoftening Effect

Metallic alloys are extensively utilized in applications where extreme loading and environmental conditions occur and engineering reliability of components or structures made of such materials is a significant concern in applications. Adiabatic heating in these materials during high-rate deformation is of great interest to analysts, experimentalists, and modelers due to a reduction in strength that is produced. Capturing the thermosoftening caused by adiabatic heating is critical in material model development to precisely predict the dynamic response of materials and structures at high rates of loading. In addition to strain rate effect, the Johnson–Cook (JC) model includes a term to describe the effect of either environmental or adiabatic temperature rise. The standard expression of the JC model requires quantitative knowledge of temperature rise, but it can be challenging to obtain in situ temperature measurements, especially in dynamic experiments. The temperature rise can be calculated from plastic work with a predetermined Taylor-Quinney (TQ) coefficient. However, the TQ coefficient is difficult to determine since it may be strain and strain-rate dependent. In this study, we modified the JC model with a power-law strain rate effect and an explicit form of strain- and strain-rate-dependent thermosoftening due to adiabatic temperature rise to describe the strain-rate-dependent tensile stress–strain response, prior to the onset of necking, for 304L stainless steel, A572, and 4140 steels. The modified JC model was also used to describe the true stress–strain response during necking for A572 and 4140 steels at various strain rates. The results predicted with the modified JC model agreed with the tensile experimental data reasonably well.
Super-resolution reconstruction of knee magnetic resonance imaging based on deep learning.

Abstract Background and objective With the rapid development of medical imaging and intelligent diagnosis, artificial intelligence methods have become a research hotspot of radiography processing technology in recent years. The low definition of knee magnetic resonance image texture seriously affects the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. This paper presents a super-resolution reconstruction method to address this problem. Methods In this paper, we propose an efficient medical image super-resolution (EMISR) method, in which we mainly adopted three hidden layers of super-resolution convolution neural network (SRCNN) and a sub-pixel convolution layer of efficient sub-pixel convolution neural network (ESPCN). The addition of the efficient sub-pixel convolutional layer in the hidden layer and the small network replacement consisting of concatenated convolutions to address low-resolution images but not high-resolution images are important. The EMISR method also uses cascaded small convolution kernels to improve reconstruction speed and deepen the convolution neural network to improve reconstruction quality. Results The proposed method is tested in the public dataset IDI, and the reconstruction quality of the algorithm is higher than that of the sparse coding-based network (SCN) method, the SRCNN method, and the ESPCN method (+ 2.306 dB, + 2.540 dB, + 1.089 dB improved); moreover, the reconstruction speed is faster than its counterparts (+ 4.272 s, + 1.967 s, and + 0.073 s improved). Conclusion The experimental results show that our EMISR framework has improved performance and greatly reduces the number of parameters and training time. Furthermore, the reconstructed image presents more details, and the edges are more complete. Therefore, the EMISR technique provides a more powerful medical analysis in knee osteoarthritis examinations.
A Spoonful of Sugar

In the movie Mary Poppins, the children hear their magical governess sing that “a spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down” as she whisks about, using her powers to clean up the untidy nursery. The message of this song is that “in every job that must be done there is an element of fun” and all one has to do to enjoy work is find that element. There is a double meaning to this message. On the one hand, the spoonful of sugar provides the extra sweetness needed to transform an unpleasant task to “a piece of cake.” On the other hand, once that “element of fun” is discovered, the task activity itself becomes rewarding, and even as mundane an activity as cleaning up one’s room can become enjoyable. This principle of having an intrinsic motivation replace an extrinsic one is used extensively in behavior modification, particularly as applied with children. The goal is to have the learner become more motivated by the intrinsic features of the desired behavior (such as keeping “on task” in school) so that extrinsic rewards (tokens or candy) used initially to reinforce the desired behaviors can be phased out eventually.
Health, Homelessness Severity, and Substance Use among Sexual Minority Youth Experiencing Homelessness: A Comparison of Bisexual Versus Gay and Lesbian Youth.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) youth are overrepresented among youth experiencing homelessness (YEH), and health disparities among LGBQ youth are well-documented. LGBQ youth are typ...
Amniotic Membrane Adjuncts and Clinical Applications in Wound Healing: A Review of the Literature.

Introduction Recent advances in the preservation and processing of amnion/chorion tissue have dramatically increased the bioavailability of these wound healing factors as well as the shelf life of their related tissue products, allowing for a surge in clinical use. Many studies, including basic science, clinical trials, and randomized controlled trials, have emerged examining the biologic properties of amnion/chorion membrane products and their efficacy in wound healing. Objective A literature review was conducted regarding the safety and efficacy of amniotic membrane adjuncts. Methods The PubMed and MEDLINE databases were queried and sorted based on clinical trials with publication dates ranging from 2013 to 2017. Only studies pertaining to human subjects were included for review. Results Amnion/chorion membranes have been studied in the treatment of burns, diabetic foot ulcers, fistulas, ocular defects, and venous leg ulcers, among other wounds. Amnion/chorion allografts were found to be beneficial in the setting of difficult-to-heal fistulas and were effective in treating diabetic and venous ulcers when combined with standard therapy. Conclusions Overall, clinical trials have demonstrated that patients treated with amniotic membrane products have increased rates of wound healing compared with the standard of care. Additional trials are needed to examine more amnion/chorion membrane products.
Chapter 5 – DISTRIBUTED REVISION OF COMPOSITE BELIEFS

Publisher Summary This chapter outlines a distributed scheme for finding the most probable composite explanation of a body of evidence. It has been shown that in singly connected networks, globally optimal explanations can be configured by local, autonomous message-passing processes, similar to those used in belief updating; conceptually related propositions communicate with each other via a simple protocol, and the process converges to the correct solution in time proportional to the network diameter. In multiply connected networks, the propagation method must be assisted by clustering, conditioning, or stochastic simulation, each method exploiting different aspects of the network topology. The chapter demonstrates how numerical probabilities can be used as a catalyst for coherent transformations from evidence sentences to conclusion sentences. It also identifies the structures that allow such transformations to be executed by autonomous production rules and those that invite problems of intractability and instability unless treated with care.
Changes in endothelial glycocalyx layer protective ability after inflammatory stimulus

Leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium is an important early step in the initiation and progression of sepsis. The endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) has been implicated in neutrophil adhesion and b...
CEO Network Connections and Audit Timeliness

The study examines the association between CEO’s network connections and audit timeliness. Based on extant research, we hypothesize that well-connected CEOs are associated with reduced audit lag. Using a sample of over 2000 firms for the period 2004 to 2017, we find that, ceteris paribus, firms with well-connected CEOs are associated with reduced audit lag. We also find firms led by more connected CEOs have better financial reporting quality and pay higher auditing fees for increased audit efforts. In addition, well-connected CEO firms release 10-K reports in a timelier manner. These findings suggest that improved information environment around well-connected CEOs lead to the timely dissemination of high-quality financial information to market participants.
Phosphorus Recovery and Reuse Using Calcium-Silicate Hydrate Made from Rice Husk

AbstractCalcium silicate hydrate was synthesized from rice husk and used to recover phosphorus from model wastewaters. The phosphorus removal capacity of calcium silicate hydrate was substantially ...
Rational-Valued, Small-Prime-Based Qubit-Qutrit and Rebit-Retrit Rank-4/Rank-6 Conjectured Hilbert-Schmidt Separability Probability Ratios

We implement a procedure-based on the Wishart-Laguerre distribution-recently outlined by {Ż}yczkowski and Khvedelidze, Rogojin and Abgaryan, for the generation of random (complex or real) $N \times N$ density matrices of rank $k \leq N$ with respect to Hilbert-Schmidt (HS) measure. In the complex case, one commences with a Ginibre matrix $A$ of dimensions $k \times k+ 2 (N-k)$, while for a real scenario, one employs a Ginibre matrix $B$ of dimensions $k \times k+1+ 2 (N-k)$. Then, the $k \times k$ product $A A^{\dagger}$ or $B B^T$ is diagonalized-padded with zeros to size $N \times N$-and rotated, obtaining a random density matrix. Implementing the procedure for rank-4 rebit-retrit states, for 800 million Ginibre-matrix realizations, 6,192,047 were found separable, for a sample probability of .00774006-suggestive of an exact value $\frac{387}{5000} =\frac{3^2 \cdot 43}{2^3 \cdot 5^4}=.0774$. A conjecture for the HS separability probability of rebit-retrit systems of full rank is $\frac{860}{6561} =\frac{2^2 \cdot 5 \cdot 43}{3^8} \approx 0.1310775$ (the two-rebit counterpart has been proven to be $\frac{29}{64}=\frac{29}{2^6}$). Subject to these conjectures, the ratio of the rank-4 to rank-6 probabilities would be $\frac{59049}{1000000}=\frac{3^{10}}{2^6 \cdot 5^6} \approx 0.059049$, with the common factor 43 cancelling. As to the intermediate rank-5 probability, a 2006 theorem of Szarek, Bengtsson and {Ż}ycskowski informs us that it must be one-half the rank-6 probability-itself conjectured to be $\frac{27}{1000} =\frac{3^3}{2^3 \cdot 5^3}$, while for rank 3 or less, the associated probabilities must be 0 by a 2009 result of Ruskai and Werner. We are led to re-examine a 2005 qubit-qutrit analysis of ours, in these regards, and now find evidence for a $\frac{70}{2673}=\frac{2 \cdot 5 \cdot 7}{ 3^5 \cdot 11} \approx 0.0261878$ rank-4 to rank-6 probability ratio.
Collaborative Research Results Dissemination: Applying Postcolonial Theory to Indigenous Community Contexts

Community engagement in research has become increasingly important; it is essential for research conducted with Indigenous communities. In some cases, community members are receptively engaged in research from beginning to end, but this is inconsistent. Community collaboration during the results dissemination process is an element of engagement that is consistently overlooked or otherwise ineffectively executed. The concept of decolonizing research and the postcolonial theoretical foundations of decolonization are explored in this paper. Decolonizing research involves conducting research with Indigenous communities that places Indigenous voices and epistemologies at the center of the research process. This paper considers a decolonization framework to examine Native American community collaboration in the research results dissemination process including recommendations for applying postcolonial theory in the design of technologies to facilitate collaborative research results dissemination.
COVID-19 and the Political Ecology of Global Food and Health Systems

The objective of this chapter is to use political ecology as a lens for making sense of the global pandemic of COVID-19. With roots in geography and anthropology, political ecology originally set out to analyze the complex drivers of environmental degradation. In more recent years, some political ecologists have engaged issues of health, nutrition, and disease. We highlight the insights of a materialist (or structuralist) tradition in political ecology for understanding the processes of emergence and diffusion of COVID-19, as well as the construction of social vulnerability and risk. One of the most consequential side effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the risks to food security and nutrition, highlights political ecology’s attentiveness to market structures, production systems, and supply chains and how they are impacted by shocks like the COVID-19 emergency. We also draw on insights from a critical political ecology (or poststructuralist) tradition, which focuses on power and discourse, especially for engaging the highly politicized health and agronomic sciences and questions of governance and governmentality. We close with thoughts on whether the COVID-19 pandemic will reshape the global economic and political order, not to mention food and health systems.
Derivation and Validation of the Cancer READMIT Score: A Readmission Risk Scoring System for Patients With Solid Tumor Malignancies.

PURPOSEReadmissions for the medical treatment of cancer have traditionally been excluded from readmission measures under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program. Patients with cancer often have...
Postoperative Hemidiaphragmatic Paralysis and Platypnea–Orthodeoxia Syndrome

Long MT, Grate J, Bradley KV. Postoperative Hemidiaphragmatic Paralysis and Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(8):951-953.
Magnetic anisotropy and electrical property of CoZrTaB thin films deposited by oblique sputtering

Soft magnetic materials have been studied extensively in recent years due to their applications in micro-transformers, micro-inductors, spin dependent memories etc. Achieving high uniaxial anisotropy is one of the most important properties for these materials. Oblique angle sputtering without the presence of the magnetic field enables the ease thus lower cost of the adoption of magnetic materials in applications. With a highly soft magnetic material, one can operate the devices made out of these films at giga hertz regions without significant loss of efficiency thus desirable for applications such as power conversion and radio frequency (RF) devices. This work focuses on analyzing different growth conditions of thin films of CoZrTaB and the resulting magnetic and electrical properties of the films. Thin films are grown by oblique-angle sputtering, where the sputtering gun forms an angle with respect to the sample substrate normal, ranging from 0 to 75 degrees. External magnetic field normally applied in order to form magnetic anisotropy is not used during film sputtering process. Using vibrating sample magnetometer, it was observed that films resulting from small oblique angles have no clear magnetic anisotropy developed; whereas in samples deposited at large angles close to 60°, there is clear magnetic anisotropy observed. Scanning electron microscopy imaging of the cross-section of film suggests the formation of tilted columns, which is likely to be the reason for magnetic anisotropy. Resistivity of the films was measured systematically and found to increase as the magnitude of oblique angle during sputtering increased.
A Review of Essentials of Neuropathology

Essentials of Neuropathology, as the authors indicate in the introduction, “is intended primarily for the student who wants more information than is available in the usual pathology or neurology textbook.” This is evident as this softcover textbook is 191 pages long. Generally the book fulfills this purpose and often the other stated purpose of clarifying the more important or confusing topics. Its major shortcoming is the chapter on trauma.
Chapter 19 Large-Scale Chromosome Sorting

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on large-scale chromosome sorting for constructing large insert chromosome-specific libraries using cloning vectors such as Charon 40, cosmids, and yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). Up to 2 μg of sorted chromosomal DNA is commonly used for constructing YAC libraries. This requires the accumulation of 4 to 20 million chromosomes. Requirements for production sorting differ from and are more demanding than the requirements of analytical sorting that typically requires only a few minutes of actual sorting time. For successful production sorting, additional precautions are needed to assure high purity, uninterrupted sorting, and recovery of high-molecular-weight DNA. Chromosome sorting is typically accomplished using chromosomes suspended in a stabilizing buffer and stained with two DNA binding fluorochromes; Hoechst 33258 and chromomycin A3. The binding specificity of each fluorochrome allows one to measure the ratio of adenine-thymine base pairs (A:T) to guanine-cytosine base pairs (G:C) and thereby resolve many more chromosomes in complex karyotypes such as human or mouse than is possible with single fluorochrome staining.
Artistic Anatomy, Dimensions, and Proportions of the External Ear

All ears are different, and the degree of difference within the bounds of acceptability is remarkable. The keys to construction, reconstruction, or modification must be observed in order to mold an ear that looks right. Fundamentals of ear shape and form are reviewed.
Genetics of Sulfate Transport by Salmonella typhimurium

Sixty-four mutants were isolated from the LT-2 wild-type strain of Salmonella typhimurium by selecting for chromate resistance. The majority of lesions were shown to lie in the cysA gene. (i) The mutants cannot take up sulfate, a finding which verifies the role of cysA in sulfate transport. In addition, 52 sulfate-transport mutants isolated without chromate selection were defective in the cysA gene. (ii) Most had less than 25% of the binding activity of the wild-type strain. (iii) Most had normal sulfite reductase (H(2)S-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.1.2) activity. (iv) Their sulfate-binding protein (binder) appears electrophoretically and immunologically normal. (v) Amber cysA mutants also make apparently normal binder in small amounts. (vi) All classical cysA mutants tested, including two with long deletions, had normal binding activity. From these observations, it is suggested that the cysA gene does not code for the binder. But many mutations in this gene reduce the binding activity in some unknown way. Other mutants, identified as cysB mutants, had neither binding nor uptake activities and their sulfite reductase activities were similarly reduced, thus confirming the regulatory role of the cysB gene. When binder was detectable, it had wild-type properties. No mutations in the binder gene were found among more than 100 mutants examined. Thus, sulfate binding has not been established as a part of sulfate transport. However, the production of binder is intimately connected with cysA, the established sulfate transport gene, and is regulated by the same mechanism that regulates both transport and the rest of the cysteine biosynthetic pathway.
Role of Technology in Clinical Psychology

This chapter highlights the current impact of technology on the practice of clinical psychology. Within the field of education and training, computer conferencing systems are increasingly used to offer coursework at a distance. The pedagogy goes beyond the presentation of didactic materials to include collaboration, “communities of practice,” and the learning of meta-skills such as reflective thinking and real-world problem solving. Online supervision of graduate students within a psychology training program is part of the larger domain of “telehealth,” which uses telecommunication technology to provide health information and intervention, and consultation and supervision across distances. The technology is expanding to include interactive videodisks and expert system-based, computer-assisted training programs (ESCATs). The Internet offers a rich lode of counseling and psychotherapy to the public both in self-help form and from professionals. Such Internet information and resources help to demystify psychology and provide business opportunities to enterprising psychologists for products and consultations. There are, however, ethical concerns ranging from privacy and cross-jurisdictional licensing issues to responding appropriately to serious mental disorders online. Many psychologists today employ desktop computers to provide administration, scoring, and interpretation of psychological tests. The most common psychotherapy applications are cognitive-behavioral interventions and manualized therapies for specific dysfunctions and the greatest resistance to their adoption seems to come from relationship-oriented therapists. There is a need for more outcome and validation research, for determining what aspects of clinical practice and training are most easily automated, and how to provide an optimal blend of the technological with the human. Keywords: assessment; computers; education; Internet; psychotherapy; technology; telehealth; training
Performance of the On-Q pain infusion device during changes in environmental temperature.

Summary Background: The On-Q infusion device is an elastomeric device with a flow regulator that controls the flow of a local anesthetic agent through a peripheral catheter. As variations in external temperature may affect the diameter of the tubing or viscosity of the fluid, it is feasible that alterations in flow may be caused by such temperature variations. This study evaluates the performance of this device during variations in environmental temperature. Methods: The disposable 400 ml On-Q pain ball infusion devices were filled and connected to a single, end hole infusion catheter and set to infuse at 14 ml·h−1. Eighteen devices were used in the study (six of each at three different temperatures). The temperatures included hot (54°C), room temperature (21°C), and cold (6°C). The devices were allowed to flow for 24 h. The fluid delivered during each 12-h period was measured using a graduated column. Results: There were significant differences in the output from the devices at the hot (54°C) temperature and the cold (6°C) temperature when compared to room temperature (21°C). When compared to room temperature, the output decreased to 67% and 54% of the control group (room temperature) during hours 0–12 and 12–24, respectively, in a cold environment (6°C). An increased external temperature resulted in a greater output from the devices. When compared to the room temperature devices, the output was 49% higher during the first 12 h and 40% higher during the second 12 h at an external temperature of 54°C. Conclusions: This preliminary investigation demonstrates what may be clinically significant changes in output from the On-Q pain device based on the external temperature. These alterations in flow could result in inadequate analgesia or even potentially toxicity if these devices are used in smaller patients especially the pediatric population.
Sequence context modulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced mutagenesis.

DNA structural perturbations that are induced by site specifically and stereospecifically defined benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) adducts are directly correlated with mutagenesis, leading to cellular transformation. Although previous investigations had established that replication of DNAs containing N6-BPDE dA adducts at the second position in the N-ras codon 61(CAA) (612) resulted exclusively in A to G transitions, NMR analyses not only established the structural basis for this transition mutation but also predicted that if the adduct were positioned at the third position in the same codon, an expanded spectra of mutations was possible. To test this prediction, replication of DNAs containing C10S-BPDE and C10R-BPDE lesions linked through the N6 position of adenine in the sequence context N-ras codon 61, position 3 (C10S-BPDE and C10R-BPDE at 613) was carried out in Escherichia coli, and these data revealed a wide mutation spectrum. In addition to A to G transitions produced by replication of both lesions, replication of the C10S-BPDE and C10R-BPDE adducts also yielded A to C and A to T transversions, respectively. Analyses of single nucleotide incorporation using Sequenase 2.0 and exonuclease-deficient E. coli Klenow fragment and pol II not only revealed high fidelity synthesis but also demonstrated the same hierarchy of preference opposite a particular lesion, independent of the sequence context. Primer extension assays with the two lesions at N-ras 613 resulted in truncated products, with the C10S-BPDE adducts being more blocking than C10R-BPDE lesions, and termination of synthesis was more pronounced at position 613 than at 612 for each of the lesions. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 54:652–658, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GaAs resistor model predicting harmonic, transient and breakdwon

A comprehensive nonlinear model of GaAs resistor is developed based on DC, pulse and power measurements. The model accounts for electrical and thermal feathers such as velocity saturation, self-heating and breakdown effects. The resistor nonlinearity is mainly due to the velocity saturation, and enhanced by self-heating effect. The model provides accurate performances in DC, transient and harmonic balance simulations, and is a useful tool for monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) development.
Analysis and behaviour of flexibly-jointed frames

Abstract A method for analysing the behaviour of flexibly-connected plane steel frames is presented. Two types of elements are used in the analysis procedure: the beam-column (frame) element and the connection element. The beam-column element formulation is based on an updated Lagrangian approach. Allowance for the coupling effect of axial force and bending moments, as well as for the formation of plastic hinges in the member, is made for this beam-column element. The nonlinear behaviour of the connection is modelled by an exponential function. Both loading and unloading responses of the connections are taken into consideration in the formulation. The monotonic load-deflection response of frames with flexible connections is traced using an incremental load control Newton-Raphson iterative technique. Based on sub-assemblage and frame analyses, it is concluded that connection flexibility has an important influence on frame behaviour.
Projecting gate oxide reliability and optimizing reliability screens

The effect of time-dependent stress voltage and temperature on the reliability of thin SiO/sub 2/ films is incorporated in a quantitative defect-induced breakdown model. Based on this model, design curves which can be used along with a breakdown voltage distribution for an oxide technology to determine optimal burn-in conditions are presented. The tradeoff between improved reliability and lower burn-in yield for different gate oxide technologies can also be examined quantitatively using the model. >