cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes for yield, water use efficiency, and root traits

Drought stress has been identified as the major environmental factor limiting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield worldwide. Current breeding efforts in soybean largely focus on identifying genotypes with high seed yield and drought tolerance. Water use efficiency (WUE) that results in greater yield per unit rainfall is an important parameter in determining crop yields in many production systems, and is often related with crop drought tolerance. Even though roots are major plant organs that perceive and respond to drought stress, their utility in improving soybean yield and WUE under different environmental and management conditions are largely unclear. The objectives of this research was to evaluate soybean cultivars and breeding and germplasm lines for yield, WUE, root penetrability of hardpan, and root morphology. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in South Carolina (southeastern United States) during the 2017 cropping season to test the genotypes for yield and root morphology under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Two independent controlled-environmental experiments were conducted to test the genotypes for WUE and root penetrability of synthetic hardpans. The slow wilting lines NTCPR94-5157 and N09-13890 had equal or greater yield than the checks- cultivar NC-Raleigh and the elite South Carolina breeding line SC07-1518RR, under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The high yielding genotypes NTCPR94-5157, N09-13890, and SC07-1518RR exhibited root parsimony (reduced root development). This supported the recent hypothesis in literature that root parsimony would have adaptational advantage to improve yield under high input field conditions. The high yielding genotypes NTCPR94-5157, N09-13890, NC-Raleigh, and SC07-1518RR and a cultivar Boggs (intermediate in yield) possessed high WUE and had increased root penetrability of hardpans. These genotypes offer useful genetic materials for soybean breeding programs for improving yield, drought tolerance, and/or hardpan penetrability.
Acquired Secondary Erythrocytosis in Long-Term Survivors of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract Background: Erythrocytosis is a condition of increased red blood cell mass, as reflected by laboratory findings of elevated hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT). Erythrocytosis is classified into primary (polycythemia) and secondary, depending on its etiology. Secondary polycythemia most commonly develops in the setting of chronic hypoxemia which triggers increased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys. We have observed several patients in our hematology clinic who were long-term survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT), and subsequently developed erythrocytosis during their follow up without obvious secondary causes. On literature review we found two single-institutional studies with estimated incidence of this unexpected complication reported as 0.45 and 1.1% respectively. Majority of described patients in the literature were young males with aplastic anemia (AA). Methods: To establish the incidence of post-transplant erythrocytosis in long term survivors of allo-HSCT, we conducted a retrospective single site chart review study using the WVU database. All patients above age of 18 at the time of transplantation regardless the initial diagnosis that lead to transplantation and type of allo-HSCT were included. Patients with disease relapse and follow up less than 12 months were excluded. We also excluded patients with underlying conditions that are commonly associated with secondary erythrocytosis. Following definition of polycythemia or erythrocytosis was used: a) HCT >48% in women or >49% in men and/or HGB >16.0 g/dL in women or >16.5 g/dL in men (as extrapolated from WVO 2016 PV criteria); b) HGB/HCT elevation consistent on at least two measurements 3 months apart. Results: We identified 133 eligible patients for final analysis. Among them, 12 (9.0%) developed erythrocytosis in a median time from initial allo-HSCT 44.5 months (11.8-60.1). Peripheral blood Jak2V617F mutation was tested in 8/12 patients - negative in all. Serum erythropoietin (EPO) level was tested for 9/12 patients and found to be not suppressed in all cases to the level of HGB/HCT, median 11.1 mU/ml (4.9-18.6). All patients were non-smokers and 11/12 patients had different degree of GVHD requiring immunosuppressive therapy. The highest levels of HGB/HCT were observed in two patients with aplastic anemia and one of them required periodic therapeutic phlebotomies. In rest of the patients erythrocytosis was relatively mild but persistent. Details on our findings are presented in a table below. Conclusions: Acquired secondary erythrocytosis is not uncommon in long-term survivors of allo-HSCT, estimated at 9.0% in our patient cohort. The exact mechanisms of erythrocytosis in this setting are unknown but probably related to dysregulated EPO production and response. Download : Download high-res image (243KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Craig: Celgene: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding.
Dehydration and Oxidation of Alcohols by Supported Polyoxometalates: Effects of Mono- and Multivalent Cation Exchange on Catalyst Acidity and Activity

The effects of cation exchange on methanol oxidation and dehydration by supported H3PMo12O40 catalysts were investigated by exchanging polyoxometalate (POM) protons with cations such as Na+, Mg2+, Cu2+, and Al3+. The activity decreased dramatically for both oxidation and dehydration pathways with cation addition. The measured oxidation and dehydration turnover frequencies over Na-, Mg-, and Cu-exchanged POMs were primarily a function of the H+/POM ratio of the catalysts, and differences in the charge of the exchanged cations had little impact. Similar behavior with cation exchange was also observed for ethanol dehydration and oxidation. This study suggests that there are limited benefits of cation-exchanging supported POMs for reactions under mild conditions because changes to POM reducibility induced by cation exchange were not catalytically relevant, and decreasing the number and strength of acid sites crucial to selective oxidation and dehydration catalysis decreases the activity under these conditions.
Towards predicting sensorimotor disorders in older adults via Bayesian probabilistic theory and mixed reality

In this work, we present the Overwatch-M platform, a novel approach that combines Bayesian theory with mixed reality (MR) to assess the user’s sensorimotor control. This platform is composed of a set of simple MR tests, which are short, and guides the user through a series of activities while monitoring the user’s interaction. The main advantage of this strategy relays on its ability to combine prior and observed user’s interaction to determine the impact on the user’s functional performance. This approach aims to detect changes in the user’s functional performance that could lead to sensorimotor problems in older adults at an early stage. For validation, a Bayesian model is implemented into the system to collect and analyze datasets and to provide a quantitative estimation of functional performance by providing a probabilistic conditioning assessment of their test-interaction over time. The strategy has been implemented to test the sensorimotor function, eye-hand coordination.
Sustainability and development after COVID-19

Developing countries are highly vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic, in part due to the lack of international support for ensuring progress towards the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet the mounting financial burden faced by all countries means that additional support is unlikely to be forthcoming in the near future. It is critical that developing countries find innovative policy mechanisms to achieve sustainability and development aims in a cost-effective manner. This requires identifying affordable policies that can yield immediate progress towards several SDGs together and aligns economic incentives for longer term sustainable development. We identify three policies that meet these criteria: a fossil fuel subsidy swap to fund clean energy investments and dissemination of renewable energy in rural areas; reallocating irrigation subsidies to improve water supply, sanitation and wastewater infrastructure; and a tropical carbon tax, which is a levy on fossil fuels that funds natural climate solutions. Such innovative and cost-effective policy mechanisms do not require substantial external support, and they foster greater progress towards achieving the SDGs in poorer economies.
LncRNA HOTAIR Influences the Growth, Migration, and Invasion of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma via Affection on the miR-488-5p/NUP205 Axis.

Objective:The study was aim to investigate the effect of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) on the growth, migration, and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its underlying mechani...
Abstract 111: Outcomes for Patients Receiving Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in The United States

Introduction: Since the start of the novel coronavirus outbreak in the U.S., the CDC and AHA have introduced new CPR guidelines involving increased precautions for protecting healthcare providers f...
A Study on Petiole and Petiolule anatomy of Vitex negundo. L (Verbenaceae)

Anatomy of the petiole of Vitex negundo is investigated. It is naturally distributed in many parts of Maharashtra and Marathwada. In this study the aim was to investigate the anatomical characters of rachis and petiole of this economical important plant species. As a result of study, it was discovered that the mechanical tissue in the form collenchyma or sclerenchyma occurs in petiole and Petiolule. The xylem elements are additionally mechanical in function. The vascular tissue in the form of distinct bundles or an arc shaped strand is observed.
El mito de Argos y la problemática de los sentidos: la crisis de la vigilancia monárquica en La quinta de Florencia de Lope de Vega

Hacia 1600, Argos, el pastor de cien ojos, paradojicamente simbolizaba la vigilancia absoluta de un espacio, y el quebrantamiento de tal vigilancia. En La quinta de Florencia, se ilustra la tradicional idea de que un gobernador es un Argos que, mediante los sentidos de sus subditos, puede controlar sus dominios. Cuando los subditos, al igual que Argos, se corrompan a causa de estimulos sensoriales, se expresara que el gobernador puede ser vulnerado y que no puede garantizar el orden publico. Asi, la obra transmitira la desconfianza de los espanoles ante las facultades de la monarquia para proteger a su pueblo.
Comprehensive Structure and Functional Adaptations of the Yeast Nuclear Pore Complex

Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs) mediate the nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules. Here we provide a structure of the yeast NPC in which the inner ring is resolved by cryo-EM at ɑ-helical resolution to show how flexible connectors tie together different structural and functional layers in the spoke. These connectors are targets for phosphorylation and regulated disassembly in cells with an open mitosis. Moreover, some nucleoporin pairs and karyopherins have similar interaction motifs, which suggests an evolutionary and mechanistic link between assembly and transport. We also provide evidence for three major NPC variants that foreshadow functional specializations at the nuclear periphery. Cryo-electron tomography extended these studies to provide a comprehensive model of the in situ NPC with a radially-expanded inner ring. Our model reveals novel features of the central transporter and nuclear basket, suggests a role for the lumenal ring in restricting dilation and highlights the structural plasticity required for transport by the NPC.
Response of Axially Loaded Piles

The Purpose of this paper is to present a closed form solution of the special case of this problem where the soil resistance is considered to be uniform linear elastic-plastic.
Safeguarding Markets from Pernicious Pay to Play: A Model Explaining Why the SEC Regulates Money in Politics

At first blush, the SEC’s regulation of money in politics may seem to fall outside of its jurisdiction, but this is a mistake. This view ignores three previous times when the SEC stepped in to curb pay to play: (1) in the municipal bond market in 1994; (2) in the public pension fund market in 2010; and (3) in investigating questionable payments post-Watergate from 1974 to 1977. The result of the first two interventions led to new Commission rules and the third intervention resulted in the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (a federal statute). When these three previous SEC interventions into the role of money in politics are examined, a principled model emerges for when the Commission’s regulatory intervention is appropriate. The principled model, hereinafter known as the “Money in Politics Model,” has the following characteristics: there must be (1) a potential for market inefficiencies; (2) a problem that is not likely self-correct through normal market forces; (3) a lack of transparency; (4) a material amount of aggregated money at stake; and (5) a high probability for corruption of the government. The Money in Politics Model’s characteristics were present in the all three past SEC interventions. As will be explained in more detail below, in the municipal bond market and public pension funds, there was an endemic problem of pay to play between state elected officials and businesses eager to contract with them for lucrative fees. The post-Watergate investigation revealed even more profound problem of secret corporate funds used for political contributions domestically and bribes of foreign officials abroad. So does the post-Citizens United world of corporate political spending rise to the same level as these three previous examples? Does post-Citizens United political spending fit the SEC’s Money in Politics Model and merit the SEC’s intervention? This article will argue that the Model fits and the SEC should act. The SEC is not new to the inherent conflicts of interest between business and government, especially when elected officials have the ability to make private contractors in the financial services industry rich through commissions and fees. The risk of corruption is intrinsic in such a situation. Here corruption is best captured by the definition as “the misuse of public…office for direct or indirect personal gain.” What is new as of January 2010, thanks to Citizens United, is the potential for every publicly traded company to try to influence the government not just through traditional lobbying, but also through campaign expenditures. This new problem merits a new SEC intervention to reveal the campaign activities of public companies.
Stimulation of Superficial Zone Protein/Lubricin/PRG4 by Transforming Growth Factor-β in Superficial Zone Articular Chondrocytes and Modulation by Glycosaminoglycans

Superficial zone protein (SZP), also known as lubricin and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), plays an important role in the boundary lubrication of articular cartilage and is regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Here, we evaluate the role of cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) during TGF-β1 stimulation of SZP/lubricin/PRG4 in superficial zone articular chondrocytes. We utilized primary monolayer superficial zone articular chondrocyte cultures and treated them with various concentrations of TGF-β1, in the presence or absence of heparan sulfate (HS), heparin, and chondroitin sulfate (CS). The cell surface GAGs were removed by pretreatment with either heparinase I or chondroitinase-ABC before TGF-β1 stimulation. Accumulation of SZP/lubricin/PRG4 in the culture medium in response to stimulation with TGF-β1 and various exogenous GAGs was demonstrated by immunoblotting and quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We show that TGF-β1 and exogenous HS enhanced SZP accumulation of superficial zone cho...
Effects of heat spreader on electrical characteristics of tape-BGA packages

Heat spreader is an integral part of a high speed integrated circuit (IC) package. It affects electrical characteristics of interconnects and the radiation behavior of a given package. This paper investigates these effects using several tools developed at the University of Arizona.
Human lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells: Identification of two types of effector cells

We analyzed the antigenic phenotype of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) effector cells. Human blood lymphocytes were cultured for 3 days with 100 U/ml recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2), subpopulations isolated with monoclonal antibodies and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) and assayed for cytotoxic activity against 51chromium labeled noncultured melanoma tumor cells. Initial experiments compared the LAK effector function of CD5+ T lymphocytes vs CD5- cells (predominantly CD16+ NK cells). The mean percent specific release at a 10:1 effector:target (E:T) ratio was 25% +/- 16 for CD5- cells, 10% +/- 6 for CD5+ cells, and 22% +/- 9 for unsorted cells. In contrast, when lymphocyte subpopulations were isolated before rIL 2 culture (LAK precursors), CD5- cells but not CD5+ cells developed LAK activity (28% +/- 12 vs 1% +/- 1, mean percent specific release, 10:1 E:T ratio), confirming our previous results showing that only CD16+ cells were LAK precursors. The discrepancy between LAK effector and precursor phenotypes suggested that LAK precursors acquired CD5 determinants during rIL 2 culture; however, double label immunofluorescence of rIL 2 cultured CD16+ cells showed that this was not the case. The data suggested that in the presence of other cell types, some T lymphocytes may develop LAK activity, but purified blood T lymphocytes do not develop LAK function when cultured with rIL 2 alone. We also analyzed LAK effector function in lymphocyte subpopulations defined by CD4 and CD8 antigens. The data showed that lymphocytes with a low density expression of CD8 and no expression of CD4 were enriched for LAK effector cells, whereas CD4+ and CD8- had less activity than unsorted cells. Lymphocytes with a high density expression of CD8 had activity similar to unsorted cells. We also assessed the contribution of Leu-7 (HNK-1) granular lymphocytes to LAK effector function. After culture with IL 2, lymphocytes were depleted of Leu-7+ cells by antibody and complement treatment and then were sorted into CD5+ and CD5- fractions. The cytotoxic activity of Leu-7-CD5+ cells was a mean 5% +/- 5 vs a mean 14% +/- 8 for the total CD5+ population (20:1 E:T ratio). The activity of Leu-7- CD5- was slightly less than the total CD5- fraction (21% +/- 9 vs 28% +/- 14, 10:1 E:T ratio). In conclusion, LAK effector function was highest in non-T cell (CD5- CD16+) populations and some activity was also present in T cell populations (CD5+ and predominantly Leu-7+).
Query Languages for Object-Oriented Database Systems: Analysis and a Proposal

This paper discusses the problem of query languages for object-oriented database systems. We first discuss the general problem of designing such a language. Then we restrict ourselves to the specific context of the O 2 system. After presenting the main features of the system, we use its specificity to propose a query language. The query language is defined formally and through examples.
Short-Lived Shocks with Long-Lived Impacts? Household Income Dynamics in a Transition Economy

In theory, it is possible that the persistent poverty that has emerged in many transition economies, is attributable to underlying, non-convexities in the dynamics of household incomes - such that a vulnerable household will never recover from a sufficiently large, but short-lived shock to its income. This happens when there are multiple equilibria in household incomes, such that two households with the same characteristics, can have different incomes in the long run. To test the theory, the authors estimate a dynamic, panel data model of household incomes, with non-linear dynamics, and endogenous attrition. Their estimates, using data for Hungary in the 1990s, exhibit non-linearity in the income dynamics. The authors find no evidence of multiple equilibria. In general, households bounce back from transient shocks, although the process is not rapid.
Genesis: The Birth and Growth of Hope

Publisher Summary The chapter provides an understanding of pathways and agency goal-directed thoughts, and their relationships to the common linchpin of goals by exploring how each component arises developmentally in early childhood. To desire, in short, is to hope. But the process is more complicated than it may appear to adult minds, and it has a typical sequence by which it develops. The chapter traces the steps that most of the people undergo over the course of childhood to think in a hopeful manner. Pathways thoughts are related to three processes from the far left to the middle—the sensing and perceiving of external stimuli; the learning of temporal linkages between events; and the forming of goals. Each of the developmental periods offers opportunities so that children can solidify their earlier gains in hopeful thinking. Increasingly over time, children come to think about themselves and their goal pursuits in a more refined and complex manner. These are exciting times for expanding hopeful thinking. Toward the later stages of adolescence, there is much more consistency to their behaviors across situations.
Continuum of care: stabilizing the acutely agitated patient.

The safety and efficacy of i.m. ziprasidone and olanzapine for treating acute agitation in patients with schizophrenia are described, along with factors to consider when evaluating the cost-effectiveness of these agents. Agitation is defined as excessive motor and verbal activity. Acute agitation has traditionally been treated with the combination of haloperidol 5 mg and lorazepam 2 mg i.m. Controlled trials have shown, however, that combination therapy of haloperidol or droperidol plus lorazepam i.m. is better than single-drug treatment at one hour but not earlier. Phase II and III clinical trials showed that both i.m. ziprasidone mesylate 10 mg and 20 mg and olanzapine 2.5 mg-10 mg controlled agitation faster in patients with schizophrenia than p.o. ziprasidone 2 mg and placebo. In addition, i.m. olanzapine 10 mg controlled agitation faster in patients with schizophrenia faster than haloperidol in 15 minutes. Olanzapine i.m. was also superior to placebo in patients with dementia and in patients with bipolar disorder with and without psychotic symptoms, suggesting that agitation may be a syndrome that is similar across a multitude of disease states. Dystonic reactions occurred in 2.6% of patients taking ziprasidone, compared with 9.2% of patients taking haloperidol. No patients receiving olanzapine experienced a dystonic reaction. Ziprasidone has been associated with prolonged QTc Intervals. Pharmaco-economic evaluations should include costs associated with repeat i.m. injections for agitated patients, increased time in the emergency room, case of switching from i.m. to oral therapy, adverse effects, and relapse, as well as medication costs. I.m. olanzapine and ziprasidone show promise for treating acute agitation in patients with schizophrenia, especially because of their safer adverse effect profile and faster onset of effectiveness compared with haloperidol.
Social Death as Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: David Sudnow's Passing On Revisited

In his classic Passing On, David Sudnow described how the presumed social value of patients affects whether the staff will attempt to revive them. Since this study was published, the health care fi...
Acromioplasty for impingement with an intact rotator cuff

This is a retrospective review of 108 patients who underwent decompressive anterior acromioplasty for chronic impingement in the absence of a full thickness rotator cuff tear. Before operation, all the patients had had shoulder pain for at least one year despite conservative treatment. At operation, the rotator cuff tendons were explored and were intact. Anterior acromioplasty, followed by rehabilitation was successful in 87% of patients. The operation was less successful in women, in those who had diminished movement before operation, who were involved in worker's compensation claims, and whose pain followed direct trauma. Appropriate selection of patients is considered the key to success.
Uptake of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride by bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture.

Primary monolayers of calf aortic endothelial cells were presented with isolated human very low density lipoproteins that had been labeled with radioactive tri- glyceride. The cells were observed to take up triglyceride over a 24 hr period; incorporation increased with exog- enous lipoprotein concentrations, and up to 60% of the triglyceride taken up was converted to other cell lipids within 24 hr. When (2-3H)glyceryl tri( 1-'4C)oleate-labeled very low density lipoprotein was used, the 3H/'4C ratio in the cell triglyceride was always similar to that of the exogenous lipoprotein triglyceride. Moreover, no significant hydrolysis of the exogenous very low density lipoprotein triglyceride was observed during the time of exposure to the cells. Similar experiments using doubly-labeled triglyc- eride exposed to endothelial cells in triglyceride-phos- pholipid liposome preparations also resulted in incorpora- tion of the exogenous triglyceride without evidence of ex- tracellular hydrolysis. The results indicate that primary monolayers of endothelial cells in culture are able to in- corporate and metabolize very low density lipoprotein triglyceride. However, triglyceride does not appear to be significantly hydrolyzed during uptake, suggesting an ab- sence of lipoprotein lipase activity in these cells.
Nitrogen isotope discrimination in denitrification of nitrate in soils

Abstract Nitrogen isotope discrimination during denitrification in soils of nitrate containing natural concentrations of 14N and 15N was studied by determining the amount and the 15N content of nitrate-N and (nitrate + nitrite)-N in nitrate-treated soils incubated under anaerobic conditions (He atmosphere) for various times after treatment with glucose to promote denitrification. Analyses performed showed that the nitrate-N lost on incubation of these soils could largely be accounted for as products of denitrification (nitrite, NO. N2O and N2). The studies reported show that marked discrimination between 14N and 15N occurs during denitrification of nitrate in soils and that significant N isotope effects occur both in reduction of nitrate to nitrite and in reduction of nitrite to gaseous forms of N. They also indicate that the overall N isotope effect during denitrification of nitrate in soil will depend upon the tendency of the soil to accumulate nitrite under conditions that induce denitrification. It is concluded that discrimination between 14N and 15N during denitrification in soils of nitrate containing natural concentrations of these isotopes is of sufficient magnitude to invalidate the use of N isotope-ratio analyses for assessment of the contributions of soil and fertilizer N to nitrate in surface or ground waters or to nitrous oxide in the atmosphere.
N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Suppress Insulin-induced SREBP-1c Transcription via Reduced Trans-activating Capacity of LXRα

Insulin coordinately up-regulates lipogenic gene transcription via induction of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). Conversely, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decrease lipogenic gene transcription via suppression of SREBP-1c. We therefore examined the ability of n-3 PUFA to mitigate induction of SREBP-1c and its downstream lipogenic targets by insulin in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Insulin induced expression of SREBP-1c mRNA 5–6 fold as well as rat SREBP-1c promoter activity. These effects were prevented by the n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3, DHA), but not by the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid (18:1 n-6, OLA). N-3 fatty acids also effectively prevented insulin induction of the downstream lipogenic enzyme targets fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl carboxyl coenzyme acetyltransferase-1 (ACC-1), and reduced de novo lipogenesis. The SREBP-1c promoter contains an insulin response unit consisting of tandem LXRα response elements (LXREs) as well as sites for NF-Y, Sp1, and SREBP-1c itself. The LXREs were identified as a primary site mediating suppression of SREBP-1c transcription by n-3 PUFA. DHA effectively prevented LXRα-dependent activation of both the wild type SREBP-1c promoter and the synthetic LXRE-driven promoter, and significantly blunted LXRα-dependent activation of a Gal4-LXRα chimeric protein thus demonstrating that n-3 PUFA effectively mitigate induction of SREBP-1c by insulin via reduced trans-activation of LXRα.
A CLARIFICATION OF CONTINUOUS REPERTOIRE DEVELOPMENT

The key-peck response of five pigeons was reinforced on a schedule whenever the interval between pecks at two response keys was between 1.0 and 2.33 seconds in the presence of a 2,500-Hertz tone or between 4.66 and 6.0 seconds in the presence of a 1250-Hertz tone. There was no tendency for responses of intermediate duration to occur when test tones of intermediate frequency were presented. This result clarifies a previous finding using a similar procedure but with a visual intensity stimulus dimension.
Holo-tomographic technique for determination of surface displacement in obstructed areas

This paper presents a hybrid holography-tomographic technique whereby surface displacement around an area inaccessible by direct optical exposure is measured holographically and the displacement in the obstructed area is calculated by a tomographic technique.
A computer program for analysis in cranio-facial morphology

Abstract The paper presents a computer program for obtaining cephalometric measurements. The program has been useful for cranio-facial studies. It may also be implemented for other digitized data.
Stability and timing maintenance in soliton transmission and storage rings

Abstract Several compensation techniques, including intensity-dependent absorption/gain, filtering, and phase- and amplitude-modulation, are considered for use in high bit rate (100+ Gb/s) pulse storage rings and transmission. We propose novel memory devices utilizing intensity-dependent absorption/gain. Other compensation methods include filtering and amplitude- and phase-modulation, which provide restoring forces to suppress frequency- and timing shifts of pulses. The relative merits of these compensation techniques are evaluated perturbatively. We consider the influence of amplifier noise, Raman self-frequency shift, and third-order dispersion. In the absence of compensation, Raman timing fluctuations grow with the fifth power of distance, and may exceed Gordon-Haus jitter at approximately 40 Gb/s. The compensation techniques can eliminate the asymptotic growth of timing variance.
A consideration of the advantages and potential difficulties of the use of transgenic mice for the study of germinal mutations.

Abstract The utility of transgenic mouse systems in the study of germ-cell mutations is discussed. These systems promise to fill a gap in the evaluation of potential genotoxic agents between the identification of mutagens in short-term test systems and evaluation of human genetic risk. A less appreciated major contribution that transgenic systems can make is as research tools for achieving an understanding of the mechanisms of mutation induction in germ cells. Questions concerning the germ-cell mutations using transgenic systems inculde whether these sytems can detect large genetic lesions, whether they can detect mutations in repair-deficient male germ-cell stages, whether it is valid to extrapolate mutational spectra from transgenes to endogenous genes, and whether the transgenic systems can be used to address issues concerning differences in locus sensitivities to mutation. Available shuttle-vector systems are not suitable for the direct detection of mutations in female germ cells. Future directions for development include the use of the present systems in research and testing and the development of systems with new capabilities.
Comparative effects of arginine vasopressin, [pGlu4,Cyt6]arginine vasopressin-(4–9) and nerve growth factor on maintenance of functional tolerance to ethanol in mice

Previous work has demonstrated that arginine vasopressin (AVP), acting in the CNS, can maintain functional tolerance to ethanol. We now show that the AVP metabolite peptide, [pGlu4,Cyt6]arginine vasopressin-(4-9), also maintains ethanol tolerance, with a potency similar to that of arginine vasopressin, while nerve growth factor has only a marginal effect. The effects of these peptides on ethanol tolerance correlate with their previously described ability to induce expression of the proto-oncogene, c-fos, in the septum, a putative mechanism underlying peptide effects on neuroadaptive processes.
Sustainable automated software deployment practices

Many organizations follow the same error-prone, time-consuming, and redundant procedures to install software manually, whether as part of a master image or on individual computers. Usually this involves visiting a system, executing some sort of interface, selecting a subset of modules or configuring certain options, and waiting for the installer to complete. There is another way: automated software deployment, which affords greater efficiency, consistency, and ultimately, service. This paper discusses the organization and detailed implementation of automating software installations and updates using silent and unattended methods, with various levels of administrative intervention, from help desk to systems administrator. We also describe different approaches to creating such an environment for both "mass" devices (e.g., public computer lab systems) and individual devices (e.g., faculty/staff desktop systems).Key concepts include leveraging management software and resources you may already have (i.e., the "zero budget" approach) versus efficiency gains from third-party resources, high-level administrative toolkits along with low-level control methods, and developing a workflow for automated and semi-automated software installations.
Healing ourselves, healing others: second in a 3-part series.

Although not used in most nursing texts and journals, the term "nurse healer" is common in holistic nursing literature. Nurses who identify themselves as healers have tapped into a source of strength and confidence that adds creativity and vitality to their nursing work. In this qualitative study, the researcher asks 11 relatively "holistically naive" medical-surgical nurses if they would label themselves as healers. Their responses reveal an inherent understanding of the multidimensionality of the healing process and the importance of relationships and therapeutic presence to the healing role.
Integrating the twelve-step approach with traditional psychotherapy for the treatment of eating disorders.

The treatment outcome literature for anorexia nervosa and bulimia indicates that approximately two thirds of patients treated with brief to moderate length interventions have favorable responses. The remaining one third are more difficult to treat and appear to require longer term and more intensive intervention. These patients can usually be characterized as having more severe Axis 1 and Axis II comorbidity. This manuscript focuses on a longer term treatment program that integrates psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy with a 12-step component. Specific issues that are addressed include the theoretical dilemma between the two models, advantages and disadvantages of adding a 12-step component, and how various subgroups of patients respond to the model. The clinical viability and preliminary impressions regarding outcome with this model are also offered. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Currents and Charges Induced in an Arbitrarily Oriented Electrically Thin Conductor with Length up to One and One-Half Wavelengths in a Plane-Wave Field

Distributions of induced current and charge per unit length are displayed for electrically thin antennas not longer than one and one-half wavelengths that are illuminated by an incident plane wave. It is shown that the distributions of current and charge have significant even and odd parts which vary with the angle of incidence.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLAGIOCLASE AND PYROXENE MEGACRYSTS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE TO THE PETROGENESIS OF THE NAIN ANORTHOSITES

Abstract Unmetamorphosed anorthosites of the Nain Plutonic Suite in Labrador are divided into a noritic, pale facies to the west and south, and a troctolitic, dark facies to the east and north. Two large intrusions along Tikkoatokhakh Bay (TIK) are taken as representative of the noritic suite, and massif anorthosites at Kikkertavak Island (KIK) and Port Manvers Run (PMR) represent the troctolitic suite in this study. Plagioclase and pyroxene megacrysts from the TIK bodies are distinguished from those of the KIK and PMR intrusions by many element concentrations and ratios. Most TIK plagioclase megacrysts ( An 42–54 ) have lower An values than found at KIK-PMR ( An 51–61 ). Associated pyroxene megacrysts have lower X Mg in the TIK bodies than in KIK-PMR. Continuous variations of element concentrations and ratios support fractionation within each suite, but a discontinuity between TIK and KIK-PMR argues against fractionation from one suite to another and favors different magma compositions instead. Different pyroxene megacrysts suggest that PMR (with CPX) and KIK (with OPX) crystallized from different troctolitic magmas. The plagioclase megacrysts resemble their enclosing rocks in composition and are, therefore, consanguineous. Reliable discriminants between plagioclases of noritic and troctolitic suites appear in plots of Fe-An, Fe-Ti, (Fe/Ti)-An, K-Rb, and in values of K and Sr. The dark color of the troctolitic facies plagioclase is accompanied by a higher Fe content and higher Fe/Ti, suggesting incorporation of tetrahedral ferrous iron at relatively reduced conditions. K/Rb is highly scattered between 1200 and 4000, and Ba/ K is scattered between 5 and 8. Sr/Ca correlates strongly with K in a linear array, in contrast to the Kiglapait trend, which is concave-up at low values of K. The difference between the two trends is attributed to hypersthene saturation at depth in the Nain liquids. The plagioclase REE patterns are highly enriched in LREEs, with (Ce/Yb)N around 36 in the TIK bodies and 12–27 in the KIK-PMR samples; the least evolved pattern (from PMR) matches a plagioclase from the Lower Zone of the nearby Kiglapait Intrusion. High-alumina hypersthene megacrysts occur in the TIK intrusions but not in the KIK-PMR bodies. The presence of a chilled margin on the west edge of the TIK bodies suggests that the high alumina contents are probably due to rapid growth in place rather than decompression from great depth. The most aluminous OPX megacrysts are also enriched in both incompatible Zr and compatible Cr, but not compatible Ni, in conflicting testimony bearing on the rapid growth hypothesis. The megacryst compositions can be used to discriminate and characterize magma types that produced massif anorthosite. With adequate partition coefficients, still lacking for many important elements, they can also be used to calculate magma compositions explicitly by inversion, within limits imposed by the scatter.
Authority and jouissance in Fugard's statements after an arrest under the immorality Act

Athol Fugard's 1974 drama Statements After An Arrest Under the Immorality Act, written in response to the miscegenation laws of Apartheid rule, juxtaposes several forms of authority with several forms of playful jouissance. Kristeva's notion of the semiotic modality, which allies sexual pleasure with prelinguistic, aural freedom, clashes in this play with mimetic representation of South Africa's police state and with the conventions of realist and non‐realist theatre forms. Kristevan semanalysis exposes the intricate dialectic of control and sexual/semiotic indeterminancy that the play exercises, and reveals how received ideas about theatrical form often fail to account for energies of liberation and restraint embedded within complex dramatic texts.
Uses of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Pediatrics

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have an expanding role in pediatrics. The indications include (1) treatment of childhood rheumatic disease and other chronic inflammatory conditions; (2) symptomatic treatment of clinical problems such as fever, musculoskeletal pain, or dysmenorrhea; and (3) induction of closure of patent ductus arteriosus. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are generally well tolerated with a low incidence of serious side effects. However, potentially serious gastrointestinal, hepatic, central nervous system, and renal adverse effects have occurred. The pediatrician should be familiar with the pharmacokinetics and dosages of the various nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as well as laboratory tests necessary to monitor their use. Guidelines are suggested. (AJDC. 1993;147:229-236)
In vitro activity of clarithromycin alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin against Legionella spp.: Enhanced effect by the addition of the metabolite 14-hydroxy clarithromycin

Clarithromycin is metabolized to an active metabolite, 14-hydroxy clarithromycin. These compounds have demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against Legionella species, with both agents having significantly lower MICs than erythromycin. Using a checkerboard assay, the activity of clarithromycin and its hydroxy metabolite, alone and in combination, was examined against 41 Legionella organisms. The activity of clarithromycin and 14-hydroxy clarithromycin, in a 2:1 ratio, plus ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin was also determined. Activity of the antibiotic combinations was determined by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index. An agar dilution method using buffered charcoal yeast extract media was used for susceptibility and synergy testing. An inoculum of 10(4) CFU/spot was used, with all plates incubated at 35 degrees C for 48 h. The MIC90 for clarithromycin or 14-hydroxy clarithromycin alone was 0.5, versus 0.25 microgram/mL for the combination. Additive effects were observed with clarithromycin and its hydroxy metabolite for 61% of the Legionella species, with fractional inhibitory concentration indices ranging from 0.63 to 1.25. The 14-hydroxy metabolite significantly increased the activity of both fluoroquinolone/clarithromycin combinations. Based on these data, in vitro susceptibility testing of agents such as clarithromycin should be reevaluated to account for the activity of active metabolites.
Improved breast cancer detection in asymptomatic women using 3D-automated breast ultrasound in mammographically dense breasts

Automated breast ultrasound (ABUS)was performed in 3418 asymptomatic women with mammographically dense breasts. The addition of ABUS to mammography in women with greater than 50% breast density resulted in the detection of 12.3 per 1,000 breast cancers, compared to 4.6 per 1,000 by mammography alone. The mean tumor size was 14.3 mm and overall attributable risk of breast cancer was 19.92 (95% confidence level, 16.75 - 23.61) in our screened population. These preliminary results may justify the cost-benefit of implementing the judicious us of ABUS in conjunction with mammography in the dense breast screening population.
Superarming the S-Benzoxazolyl Glycosyl Donors by Simple 2-O-Benzoyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl Protection

The strategic placement of common protecting groups led to the discovery of a new method for “superarming” glycosyl donors. Conceptualized from our previous studies on the O-2/O-5 Cooperative Effect, it was determined that S-benzoxazolyl glycosyl donors possessing both a participating moiety at C-2 and an electronically armed lone pair at O-5, such as the superarmed glycosyl donor shown above, were exceptionally reactive.
INCREASING SPONTANEOUS LANGUAGE IN THREE AUTISTIC CHILDREN

A time delay procedure was used to increase spontaneous verbalizations of 3 autistic children. Multiple baseline across behaviors designs were used with target responses, selected via a social validation procedure, of two spontaneous responses ("please" and "thank you") and one verbally prompted response ("you're welcome"). The results indicate gains across target behaviors for all children, with occurrence across other stimuli and settings. These gains were validated socially with 10 adults. Furthermore, increases in appropriate language had no effect on levels of inappropriate speech.
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Models: Blending Gestalt and Family Therapies

Family therapy is primarily focused upon interpersonal or transactional issues. Its major contributions have been in the development of communication analysis, communication opening techniques, and in illuminating group responsibility in the creation of an identified patient. Work with individual or subsystem boundaries has received far less attention. Gestalt therapy is particularly well suited for short term work on intrapersonal and boundary issues (Hatcher and Himelstein, 1976). The focus of this paper is to show how the selective integration of the two approaches provides a significant, new dimension in the development of family therapy.
Structural and functional similarities between the major hemolymph protein of fall armyworm and Cat C4 binding protein of the complement system

Abstract We have investigated the structural and functional similarities between insect (armyworm) major larval serum protein (LSP-I) and mammalian (Cat) C4 binding protein (i) by comparing the major chymotryptic peptide patterns using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and (ii) their ability to prevent assembly of classical C3 convertase (EAC142). Both Cat C4 bp and Spodoptera LSP-I are composed of identical subunits of Mr=75,000 and Mr=80,000, respectively and generate the characteristic cleavage product of Mr=50,000 on limited proteolysis. These observations are interpreted as an indication that the major hemolymph protein (LSP-I) of fall armyworm is a homologue of the C4bp of the mammalian complement system.
New organic nonlinear optical materials and their integration into silicon nanophotonic circuits and devices

Theoretically-inspired design of new organic electro-optic materials has resulted in dramatic improvement in electrooptic activity at telecommunication wavelengths to values of approximately 600 pm/V. In particular, a new class of materials, binary chromophore organic glasses, has been introduced, which afford attractive linear and nonlinear optical properties. The intermolecular electrostatic interactions among guest and host chromophores in these new materials augment the induction of noncentrosymmetric order by an electric poling field or by laser-assisted electric field poling. Another important advance in the utilization of organic electro-optic materials has been the incorporation of these materials into 25-150 nm slots in silicon photonic waveguides. The concentration of optical and electrical fields in these nanoscopic device structures dramatically reduces drive voltage requirements.
Toward a Theoretical Framework of Repatriation Adjustment

Although the increased internationalization of business has brought greater scholarly attention to the issue of adjustment to overseas assignments, comparatively little research activity has been paid to the topic of adjustment back to the home country and home office—repatriation adjustment. In this article we argue that repatriation adjustment is sufficiently different from other forms of work adjustment (e.g., domestic relocation and expatriate assignments) to warrant separate theoretical and empirical investigation. To facilitate this, we propose an initial theoretical framework and set of derived propositions to guide and spark future research on this topic.