cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“My Mom Tells Me I Should Follow the Rules, That’s Why They Have Those Rules”: Perceptions of Parental Advice Giving Among Mexican-Heritage Adolescents

Relatively little research has examined the ways in which immigrant Latino parents can effectively support their adolescent children’s schooling. To address this gap, we conducted in-depth interviews with 32 Mexican-heritage 9th graders. Students identified parents’ advice giving as the most salient form of involvement. Parental advice emphasized the importance of persisting in school, avoiding hardship as experienced by parents, and exhibiting social competence in relationships with peers and teachers. Parental advice giving was transmitted most effectively in the context of parent–child closeness. The findings form a basis for fostering effective and sustainable parent–school partnerships.
Neurosurgery of the peripheral nervous system: cubital tunnel syndrome.

Cubital tunnel syndrome (CUTS), the entrapment of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, is the second most common compressive neuropathy after carpal tunnel syndrome. CUTS represents a major disability in the work force, especially since the increased use of computers and the accompanying repetitive use of the upper limb with the elbow in a fixed position. However, many cases of CUTS are still idiopathic.
Multideterminant role of calcium in hippocampal synaptic plasticity

Hippocampal CA1 cells possess several varieties of long-lasting synaptic plasticity: two different forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) and at least one form of long-term depression (LTD). All forms of synaptic plasticity are induced by afferent activation, all involve Ca2+ influx, all can be blocked by Ca2+ chelators, and all activate Ca2+-dependent mechanisms. The question arises as how different physiological responses can be initiated by activation of the same second messenger. We consider two hypotheses which could account for these phenomena: voltage-dependent differences in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration acting upon Ca2+ substrates of differing Ca2+ affinities and compartmentalization of the Ca2+ and its substrates. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Use of Ber‐EP4 protein in recurrent metastatic basal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature

The occurrence of metastatic basal cell carcinoma (MBCC) is extremely low, ranging from 0.0028 to 0.5%. We present a rare case report of MBCC in a 57-year-old Caucasian male with a known history of numerous nonmelanoma cutaneous neoplasms. The patient presented with a large ulcerated right axillary mass that recurred 2 months after an initial BCC was resected from the same site. An excisional biopsy of the recurrent mass and regional lymph nodes showed atypical basaloid cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, stromal retraction and rare squamous features in the soft tissue and lymph node. The tumor cells were bcl-2 negative and positive for Ber-EP4. The negative expression of bcl-2 correlates with the aggressive nature of this tumor and Ber-EP4 confirmed the diagnosis of BCC.
Language and the Most Sublime in Kant's Third Critique

For Immanuel Kant, the sublime is beyond measure.1 Or, if it is after all compared to other things: "That is sublime in comparison with which everything else is small" (p. 134). But there is no measuring stick by which to measure the sublime. There is no scale of comparison; there is simply that which is sublime and that which is not. Nevertheless, in certain moments Kant does apparently measure and compare sublimities, if only implicitly, among themselves. At any rate he speaks of a "most" or a "more" sublime at two points in the third Critique. The first example of the most or the highest sublime is a quotation of the biblical injunction against graven images appearing in the "General Remark" immediately following the Analytic of the Sublime: "Thou shalt not make unto thyself any graven image, nor any likeness either of that which is in heaven, or on the earth, or yet under the earth, etc." (p. 156). The second instance, which is also a textual passage, does not appear in the Analytic of the Sublime but in a footnote in Section 49 ("On the faculties of the mind that constitute genius") and is an inscription found over the temple to Isis at Sais: "I am all that is, that was, and that will be, and my veil no mortal has removed" (p. 194). In calling sublime these claims of God's and nature's ineffability, Kant is on familiar ground: ever since Longinus the sublime has always been in some way a presentation of the unpresentable. But it is not immediately apparent exactly what about these statements is sublime in the specifically Kantian sense of the word, nor what would induce Kant to declare them to be more sublime
Software watermarking in the frequency domain: implementation, analysis, and attacks

In this paper we analyze the SHKQ software watermarking algorithm, originally title to Stern, Hachez, Koeune and Quisquater. The algorithm has been implemented within tile SANDMARK framework, a system designed to allow effective study of software protection algorithms (such as code obfuscation, software watermarking, and code tamper-proofing) targeting Java bytecode.The SHKQ algorithm embeds a watermark in a program using a spread spectrum technique. The idea is to spread the watermark over the entire application by modifying instruction frequencies. Spreading the watermark over the code provides a high level of stealth and some manner of resilience against attack.In this paper we describe the implementation of the SHKQ algorithm, in particular the issues that arise when targeting Java bytecodes. We then present an empirical examination of the robustness of the watermark against a wide variety of attacks. We conclude that SHKQ, while stealthy, is easily attacked by simple distortive transformations.
Backend CAD flows for "restrictive design rules"

To meet challenges of deep-subwavelength technologies (particularly 130 nm and following), lithography has come to rely increasingly on data processes such as shape fill, optical proximity correction, and RETs like altPSM. For emerging technologies (65 nm and following) the computation cost and complexity of these techniques are themselves becoming bottlenecks in the design-silicon flow. This has motivated the recent calls for restrictive design rules such as fixed width/pitch/orientation of gate-forming polysilicon features. We have been exploring how design might take advantage of these restrictions, and present some preliminary ideas for how we might reduce the computational cost throughout the back end of the design flow through the post-tapeout data processes while improving quality of results: the reliability of OPC/RET algorithms and the accuracy of models of manufactured products. We also believe that the underlying technology, including simulation and analysis, may be applicable to a variety of approaches to design for manufacturability (DFM).
Serotonin enhances gastric acid response to TRH analogue in dorsal vagal complex through 5-HT2 receptors in rats

The effect of serotonin (5-HT) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue, p-Glu-His-[3,3'-dimethyl]-Pro-NH2 (RX-77368), injected into the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) on gastric acid secretion was assessed in urethan-anesthetized rats with gastric cannula. 5-HT (0.1, 0.2, 1, or 10 nmol into the DVC) enhanced the acid response to RX-77368 (25 pmol, DVC) by 54, 100, 147, and 144%, respectively, whereas 5-HT given alone had no effect. The 5-HT2 receptor agonists (1 nmol, DVC), ( +/- )-1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride, 1-(alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-piperazine hydrochloride, and alpha-methyl-5-HT increased the gastric acid response to coinjection of RX-77368 (25 pmol) by 153, 108, and 96%, respectively, whereas 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (5-HT1A), 7-trifluoromethyl-4(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)- pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline (5-HT1A/1B), and 3-(2-aminoethyl)-2-methyl-1-H-indol-5-ol hydrochloride hydrate (2-methyl-5-HT3) did not. The 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, 3-[2-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1-piperdinyl]ethyl]-2,4(1H,3H)-quinazoli nedone tartrate (ketanserin; 20 nmol), injected intracisternally abolished the potentiating action of 5-HT injected into the DVC with RX-77368, whereas the 5-HT antagonists 8-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]- decan-4-one (spiperone; 5-HT2/1A) and 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1- yl)methyl]-4H-carbazol-4-one hydrochloride dihydrate (ondansetron; 5-HT3) did not. Ketanserin (1 nmol/site bilaterally into the DVC) decreased the acid response to kainic acid injected into the raphe pallidus by 62%. These data suggest that 5-HT acting at 5-HT2 receptors in the DVC potentiates the gastric acid response to exogenous and endogenous TRH.
Pain management in the culture of critical care.

Critically ill patients can experience frequent and severe pain, yet pain continues to be undertreated. Pain management within the culture of critical care is defined by the interaction between the nurse, the patient, the family, and the environment. Strategies are needed to create a practice culture that will optimize evidence-based nursing pain management. A unit culture where pain management is an integral part of practice is created by unit leadership, values, nurse competency, as well as process and outcomes management. Strategies for each of these areas are discussed.
Follow-up and Outcome of Patients Who Decline or Are Denied Transport by EMS

Introduction:In recent years, several authors have begun to address the medical and legal risks associated with patients refusing or being refused transport by emergency medical services (EMS) systems. However, data regarding patient outcomes still are lacking.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine: 1) why patients are not transported; and 2) the subsequent outcome of these patients.Setting:A busy, suburban, volunteer EMS service with indirect medical control, but no guidelines for non-transport of patients.Methods:A retrospective review of the records of 158 consecutive EMS incidents in which an ambulance was called, but the patient was not transported. Follow-up was attempted by telephone contact with the patient and/or family.Results:Telephone follow-up was established successfully for 93 cases (59%). Of the 93 patients, 60 (64.5%) subsequently sought care from a physician, 15 of whom (25%) later were admitted. The mean hospital stay was 6.6±7.9 days (median=3 days) with a range of 1–30 days. Two were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and two others died. Of the 93 study cases, 43 (46%) involved situations in which the patient refused transport. Paramedics declined transport or mutually agreed not to transport in 50 cases (54%). This latter category accounted for 11 (73%) of the 15 hospitalizations. Ten percent of patients (or their families) stated that they were dissatisfied with the non-transport decisions.Conclusions:Serious, even fatal outcomes were identified in the follow-up of patients not transported by EMS. Although a direct causal relationship was not established within the context of this study, situations in which EMS personnel either denied transport (or mutually agreed with the patient not to transport by ambulance) were twice as likely to result in hospitalization than were those cases in which the patients declined transportation against the advice of the EMS personnel.
High Temperature Capacitors Based on [0001] and [1120] Sapphire Dielectrics

The test results of the dielectric properties of [0001] (C-plane) and [1120] (A-plane) sapphire (single crystalline Al2O3) at high temperatures indicate that these materials have very stable dielectric constants and low dielectric losses (compared with polycrystalline alumina) at low frequencies in the temperature range from room temperature to 550°C. Therefore, sapphire materials have become likely candidate dielectric materials for high temperature capacitors. This paper reports prototype low-volume (∼100pF) capacitors based on sapphire dielectrics for high temperature and low frequency applications. Low-volume parallel-plate capacitors using C-plane and A-plane sapphire as dielectric material were fabricated by stacking metallized sapphire substrates. These prototype capacitors were characterized in the temperature range from room temperature to 550°C by measuring the capacitance and parallel resistance of these devices at 120Hz, 1kHz, 10kHz, 100kHz, and 1MHz. The capacitance and equivalent parallel re...
Sustainable Real Estate Development: The Dynamics of Market Penetration

This paper uses three different data sources to examine the rate of growth of sustainable development practices. Research analyses of the economic outcomes of green building are linked to short cas...
Evidence for an oncogenic modifier role for mutant histone acetyltransferases in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

AbstractMutations in histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are among the most common mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We previously showed that two human DLBCL cell lines, RC-K8 and SUDHL2, express C-terminally truncated, HAT domain-deficient p300 proteins (p300ΔC) that are required for optimal cell proliferation. Microarray analysis of mRNA expression in RC-K8 cells following p300ΔC knockdown shows upregulation of NF-κB and p53 gene expression programs and downregulation of a MYC gene expression program. Experiments indicate that these gene expression changes are due to inhibitory effects of p300ΔC on NF-κB activity and on p53 protein levels and stimulatory effects on MYC protein levels, suggesting that p300ΔC mutants enhance the proliferation of DLBCL cells by adjusting the transcriptional output of cell-specific oncoproteins. We propose that p300/CBP gene truncation represents a new class of oncogenic mutation that optimizes the activity of context-specific oncogenic transcription factor...
Improving hydrologic sustainability of texas A&M university campus

This research investigates the hydrologic sustainability of urban development and stormwater management for a watershed on the Texas A&M campus. The main Texas A&M campus has become increasingly urbanized, resulting in areas of imperviousness that generate higher rates of runoff. This growth has proceeded unchecked, and significant growth and development are planned for the future. Both increased rates of runoff from previous development and the impact of anticipated development should be addressed through mitigation efforts. This research provides a means to assess watershed health through biological indicators, water quality indicators, riparian ecosystems, the floodplain footprint, and the long term flow regime. A modeling framework is implemented to couple hydrologic and hydraulics models to simulate a set of watershed management plans that employ alternative best management practices. Development plans will be evaluated based on a set of comprehensive metrics that synthesize ecological, hydrologic, and environmental aspects of watershed health. The selection of management plans based on these metrics will enhance the environmental sustainability of further campus development.
Abstract 1651: Regulation of omental seeding of ovarian cancer cells by SPARC.

Epithelial Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from malignant gynecologic tumors, as most patients have extensive late metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells have specific predilection to metastasize to omentum, a condition known as “peritoneal ovarian carcinomatosis, POC” but rarely leave the peritoneal cavity. Despite aggressive surgical debulking and cytoreduction, recurrence of omental implants is high with poor patient survival. We have recently reported that the tumor suppressor role of matricellular glycoprotein SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) in POC through differential effects on OvCa cells and their interactions with components of the peritoneal microenvironment. Given that SPARC is the first known matricellular protein involved in adipose tissues homeostasis, we sought to elucidate the potential roles of SPARC on the omental adipocyte-OvCa cells cross-talk and its impact on POC, in vivo and in vitro. Using primary omental SP−/− and SP+/+ omental stromal cells, we found that adipocyte-SPARC delayed the adipogenic differentiation of omental stromal cells. SP−/- omental adipocytes expressed significantly higher levels of adipogeneic markers and accumulated significantly less oil droplets than SP+/+. Primary SP−/− adipocytes promoted homing of ID8 murine OvCa cells to the omentum in vivo and their migration and invasion in 3D-cocultures in vitro. Mechanistic studies using human and murine adipocyte-OvCa genetically manipulated for SPARC expression in 3D co-cultures, revealed that the effect of SPARC suppressing adipocyte-OvCa cell cross-talk mediated by the effect suppressing the activation of cEBP-β, NFκB and AP-1 in OvCa cells as well as in adipocytes with subsequent decrease in chemokines/adipokines as well as fatty acid exchange between OvCa cells and adipocytes. Our data indicates the metastasis suppressor effect of SPARC in POC is mediated in part via inhibiting the key transcription factors involved in adipocytes differentiation and OvCa progression identifying SPARC as a potential inhibitor of OvCa cell omental seeding and dormancy. Citation Format: Dylan P. Matthews, Neveen A. Said. Regulation of omental seeding of ovarian cancer cells by SPARC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1651. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1651
Effectiveness Indicators for Stopping Criteria based on Minimum Required Improvement

Stopping criterion for global optimization algorithms are generally based on closeness to global optimum. But when we have an expensive or time consuming objective function, we may not afford to proceed till convergence. This led us to look at worth-based stopping criterion that justifies continuing with the optimization only if the next cycle yields a specified improvement. Then the challenge was to devise effectiveness indicators that could measure the success of such a stopping criterion. In this work we propose three ways to measure stopping effectiveness: (i) number of wasted cycles, (ii) premature stopping of the algorithm, and (iii) net profit from executed cycles. These stopping effectiveness indicators are presented for worth-based stopping criterion for surrogate-based optimization algorithms, which are a popular choice for dealing with expensive objective functions. In this work we use two variants of the surrogate-based Efficient Global Optimization (EGO) algorithm: (i) using expected improvement (EGO-EI), (ii) using probability of improvement with adaptive target setting (EGO-AT).
Physiological Activity of the Boll Weevil During the Fall and Winter in Subtropical Areas of the Rio Grande Valley of Texas

Results of laboratory and field studies showed that adults of Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, captured in Leggett traps baited with grandlure or collected from surface leaf litter and duff during the non-cotton season (September to April) of 1978–1979 and 1979–1980 in a subtropical area near Brownsville, Tex., were unique in that they remained physiologically active throughout the winter. Boll weevils were trapped even on days when minimum temperatures were as low as 1.5°C. Females caught during the fall remained sexually mature, mated, and stored viable sperm in their spermatheca, but egg hatch was not observed under laboratory conditions (artificial diet) during ca. 2 months in the winter. However, these females oviposited fertile eggs when fed for at least 10 days with fresh cotton squares. Catches of teneral weevils were very common throughout the winter, an indication that weevils could remain reproductive through the winter when proper nourishment was available from cotton regrowths or seedling plants in unattended or abandoned fields.
Epidemiology of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Critical Limb Ischemia

With a rise in the aging popluation, the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is markedly increasing. The overall disease prevalence of PAD is in the range of 3%-10%, which increases to 15%-20% in persons older than 70 years of age. Given this upward trend in disease prevalence, the economic and societal burden of PAD would be considerable. The subgroup of patients who develop critical limb ischemia (CLI) represents the most challenging population to manage medically, surgically, and endovascularly. Patients with symptomatic PAD and CLI have an increased risk for death and cardiovascular events, especially in those with CLI who carry with them a substantial risk of limb loss. Advances in medical, surgical, and endovascular techniques have shown excellent outcomes in the treatment of these patients, however the optimal management paradigm has not been elucidated. This article reviews the classification and epidemiology, risk factors, natural history, and health care costs associated with PAD and CLI.
Tomographic reconstruction of atmospheric density with Mumford-Shah functionals

Knowledge of the three-dimensional spatial structure of Earth's uppermost atmosphere is necessary both to understand its role as a dynamic buffer against the solar-driven environment of interplanetary space as well as to assess the rate of its permanent escape from Earth's gravity through evaporation. The only available means of inferring atmospheric structure at these altitudes is through space-based remote sensing of solar radiation that is resonantly scattered or fluoresced by the ambient atoms. In this paper, the resultant tomographic image formation problem is formulated as an edge-preserving reconstruction algorithm based on the framework originally proposed by Mumford & Shah. Statistical interpretation of this reconstruction solution is formulated in the context of MAP estimation. The numerical results illustrate that the proposed reconstruction algorithm is capable of obtaining physically meaningful solutions that are superior to previous results formulated based on parametric assumptions on the unknown density.
“Carbon monoxide poisoning”-triggered cardiomyopathy and takotsubo syndrome

Sir,I read the paper by Cha et al with great interest, [1] published online ahead of print on 4 April 2016 in the Journal, about the 43 patients who suffered carbon monoxide-poisoning (CO-P), had a...
Developing toxicogenomics as a research tool by applying benchmark dose-response modelling to inform chemical mode of action and tumorigenic potency

Global expression profiling of short-term exposures can inform chemical mode of action (MOA), temporality of key events, and tumorigenic potency. In this compilation of case studies, transcriptional benchmark dose (BMDT) estimates for activation of key genes and pathways after short-term exposures were consistent with and thus phenotypically anchored to potency estimates for the tumorigenic outcome or precursor key events such as hyperplasia. The case studies included liver gene expression at ≤ 30 days for conazole pesticides and prototype nuclear receptor (CAR and PPARα) non-genotoxic rodent hepatocarcinogens and urinary bladder gene expression at ≤ 20 weeks for diuron, a substituted urea pesticide associated with urinary bladder cytotoxicity and tumorigenesis in rats. By encompassing multiple rodent species, target tissues, MOA, chemical classes, and exposure durations, this approach illustrates how toxicogenomics as a research tool can help develop more efficient chemical testing and prioritisation strategies for future data-poor chemicals with high exposure potential.
Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Disease with the Chimney Procedure

The proximal and distal landing zones represent the most critical anatomic feature in the short- and long-term stability and success of endovascular aortic repair. Short and/or angulated necks can lead to “bird-beaking,” type 1 endoleak, and late migration. Chimney (snorkel) stenting is a technique used to maintain perfusion to a branch vessel when coverage of its origin is planned during endovascular aortic repair. The technique is most often utilized during intentional branch vessel coverage in order to gain additional landing zone, but is occasionally useful post hoc as a rescue technique during inadvertent branch occlusion. Basically, the branch vessel (chimney) stent is deployed alongside the endograft (parallel position between the inside of the aortic wall and outside the endograft). Since its original descriptions to treat a juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm and maintain left subclavian artery perfusion during thoracic endografting, the technique has been refined and modified with respect to the number of chimney stents, types of stents, and configuration of the stents relative to the endograft. Variations have included a multilayered (“terraced,” “sandwich”) technique for three- to four-vessel repairs and down-going (“periscope”) stents used to treat thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Similar to the back-table fenestrations of endografts, the chimney technique has emerged as a potential “off-the-shelf” alternative to custom-manufactured advanced endograft technologies. This chapter focuses on the use of the chimney technique for endovascular treatment of aortic arch pathologies.
Surface waves in multilayered elastic media. Part II. Higher mode spectra and spectral ratios from point sources in plane layered Earth models

Phase and amplitude spectra of Rayleigh and Love waves are presented for two Earth models, one oceanic and one continental shield. The spectra of the first three Rayleigh modes and the first four Love modes are tabulated for point sources at selected depths. These tables along with computer algorithms described here allow one to estimate the amplitude spectra at nontabulated source depths. The use of spectral ratios as a means of determining source depth is investigated. A source depth of 20 km is obtained for the Fallon earthquake of July 20 1962. This depth agrees with previous estimates but the technique requires a fault-plane orientation which differs from radiation pattern solutions.
Nanomechanics: Small-scale transformations.

Under shear stress, silicon nanocrystals become amorphous through an intermediate hexagonal crystalline phase.
Quantitative assessment of a therapeutic exercise in mitigating micrographia associated with Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The debilitating nature of this medical condition can negatively impact use of the upper limb for tasks such as handwriting, which affects daily lives of many PD patients. A two-week self-administrated handwriting therapeutic exercise protocol, Amplified Air Writing (AAW), has been conducted by six PD subjects who have demonstrated micrographia symptoms, to investigate its influence on their writing samples. To study handwriting changes, several computerized metrics developed by our group to quantify micrographia were implemented. Metric results demonstrate significant temporary improvement for post-AAW handwriting performance; cursive samples especially show clear benefits for the subjects. Therefore, this self-administrated AAW exercise has potential to impart benefits on a larger PD population in their handwriting.
Inside the Critical Juncture

Like a “black box” the critical juncture holds in it the explanation for the relations between countries and the evolving positive or negative reciprocal cycle. There are four important variables to account for during the critical juncture including power symmetry, issue saliency, images, and prospect theory’s domain of operation. Each of these variables is thoroughly examined and a framework combing all four variables and their relevant measurements is presented in preparation for a qualitative analysis.
Genetic Landscape and Classification of Peripheral T Cell Lymphomas

Purpose of review Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are markedly heterogeneous at the clinical, pathological, and molecular levels. This review will discuss genetic findings in PTCL with special emphasis on how they impact lymphoma classification.
Ultrahigh Quality-Factor Plasmonic Resonators and Lasers

We experimentally demonstrate novel nano- and micro- scale geometries of surface-plasmon-polariton based resonators that exhibit record-high quality factors (>750) and use them to achieve low threshold narrow-linewidth lasing at optical frequencies.
Asset Tangibility and Corporate Performance Under External Financing

Please enter abstract text here.This paper looks at firm performance under external financing. My tests sidestep the issue of endogeneity between financial contracting and economic outcomes by using asset tangibility (i.e., the resale value or ease of redeployment of the firm's assets) as an instrument. Because asset tangibility changes over time for reasons that are outside of the control of firms and investors (e.g., demand for second-hand assets), it can be used to identify a causal link between firm financing and performance. The identification works along the lines of a moral hazard argument: when asset tangibility is high firms have heightened incentives to perform since liquidation becomes a more credible threat. I show novel evidence that the performance of externally-funded investment is driven by the post-financing value/redeployability of the firm's assets outside of the firm. More concretely, I show that the component of investment that is explained by external financing is associated with superior (inferior) firm product market performance, capital market valuation, and accounting returns when, subsequently to financing, asset tangibility turns out to be high (low) - this happens despite the fact that tangibility does not unconditionally forecast investment performance. Crucially, these sorts tangibility-driven dynamics are not observed for internally-funded investment. Inferences that the firm observes superior performance when assets are ex post more tangible hold differentially for new outside equity and debt financing.
Circular Dichroism Using Synchrotron Radiation

Since 1960 circular dichroism (CD) has been one of the spectroscopic tools at the disposal of scientists studying the conformation of biological molecules (Grosjean and Legrand, 1960). Most of the spectrometers that measure CD have relied on conventional laboratory sources of broad-spectrum UV and visible light, particularly the high-pressure xenon arc. Around 1970, the frontiers of CD spectroscopy were extended into the vacuum UV by spectrometers with hydrogen-discharge sources (Feinleib and Bovey, 1968; Schnepp et al., 1970; Johnson, 1971), and into the infrared by spectrometers based on blackbody sources (Osborne et al., 1973; Chabay and Holzwarth, 1975). Synchrotron sources, which offer superior performance, particularly for wavelengths less than roughly 190 nm, were first used to record CD in the vacuum UV about 1980 (Snyder and Rowe, 1980; Sutherland et al., 1980). Regardless of the light source employed, these vacuum-UV CD spectrometers are inherently limited to wavelengths greater than 105 nm, the transmission limit of lithium fluoride (Sampson, 1967), although ~ 130 nm has been the practical limit. We are, however, on the threshold of a new era in which synchrotron radiation will make it possible to extend measurements of CD into the extreme UV and x-ray regions (λ ≤ ~100 nm), a capability that may prove important in the analysis of the conformation of biomolecules.
Practicing Engagement: Participatory journalism in the Web 2.0 era

In recent years, the rapid expansion of Web 2.0 tools has opened new possibilities for audience participation in news, while “engagement” has become a media industry buzzword. In this study, we explore approaches to engagement emerging in the field based on in-depth interviews with editors at a range of news outlets from several countries, and we map these approaches onto the literature on participatory journalism and related innovations in journalism practice. Our findings suggest variation in approaches to engagement that can be arrayed along several related dimensions, encompassing how news outlets measure and practice it (e.g. with the use of quantitative audience metrics methods), whether they think about audiences as more passive or more active users, the stages at which they incorporate audience data or input into the news product, and how skeptically or optimistically they view the audience. Overall, while some outlets are experimenting with tools for more substantive audience contributions to new...
The Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Health Services Utilization in U.S. Chinese Older Adults.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Depressive symptomatology is a significant predictor of increased health services utilization and health care cost in the general older adult population. However, there is scant information on the relationship between depressive symptoms and health service utilization among U.S. Chinese older adults. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and physician visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalization. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) collected between July 2011 and June 2013 (N = 3,159). Depressive symptoms were measured by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and physician visits, ED visits, and hospitalization. RESULTS U.S. Chinese older adults with depressive symptoms were more likely to have at least one ED visit (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44-2.28) and hospitalization (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.47-2.33) in the past 2 years than those without depressive symptoms, while adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related covariates. Other significant factors associated with health services utilization in this population included number of people in household, health insurance coverage, and acculturation. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Depressive symptoms are positively associated with hospitalization and ED visits among U.S. Chinese older adults. Routine screenings of depressive symptoms should be part of the clinical encounter in these care settings so that appropriate treatment or timely mental health service referrals could be provided to this population to ultimately optimize their utilization of health services.
EVALUATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH MESSAGES TO PROMOTE EARLY DETECTION OF DEMENTIA AMONG ADULT LATINO CHILDREN

AbstractThe stigmatization of dementia, combined with cultural norms, can be barriers to early detection and treatment for older adults from minority groups. Public health messaging is an approach for increasing awareness to seek early detection. This study evaluated how such messages were received by adult Latino children with a living older parent. Messages encouraging adult children to accompany their parent for a cognitive assessment were assessed in four focus groups. Each message had a tagline, a call to action, and a photo. Participants were 24 adult Latino children (13 male, 11 female) aged 26–61 years old. Data were transcribed and coded, and thematic analysis was conducted. Before taking action, adult children wanted more information on the reasons to seek cognitive evaluation. The conversation to encourage their parents to get a cognitive evaluation was judged as difficult because discussing cognitive and mental health is taboo in Latino culture. The taglines (e.g., “Be there for them now, like they were there for you then”) had mixed perceptions; some were judged as vague, produced guilt, and were mismatched with the photo or call to action. Participants indicated the necessity to translate all messages to Spanish. Feedback on the photos related to the need to be more natural, a balance between positive and serious facial expressions, show more diversity and more family members, and depict sentimental memories that are culture‐specific around food or sport. This study provides important information to adapt public health messages to be more effective encouraging early dementia detection in Latinos.
Divergent effects of repeated cocaine and novel environment exposure on locus coeruleus c-fos expression and brain catecholamine concentrations in rats.

Introduction Chronic administration of cocaine causes a disinhibited, hyperexploratory response to novel environments. As the norepinephrine (NE) system regulates exploration and is dysregulated following cocaine exposure, we hypothesized that this cocaine-mediated hyperexploratory response is associated with increased locus coeruleus (LC) reactivity. Methods To test this hypothesis, we used dual fluorescent in situ hybridization immunofluorescence to analyze novelty-induced c-fos and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the LC and high-pressure liquid chromatography to measure dopamine (DA) and NE concentrations in key catecholamine projection regions following exposure to cocaine. Results Repeated cocaine exposure followed by a 14-day drug-free period increased exploration of novel environments, replicating previous findings. Novelty exposure increased LC c-fos expression, increased anterior cingulate NE, and decreased ventral tegmental area DA. Cocaine exposure decreased amygdala (AMY) DA, but had no effect on LC c-fos expression or NE in any tested brain region. No interactions between cocaine and novelty were found. Open arm exploration was positively correlated with LC c-fos expression and NE concentrations in both the anterior cingulate and nucleus accumbens, and negatively correlated with AMY DA concentration. Conclusions Our findings confirm that exposure to novel environments increases LC activity and NE in the anterior cingulate cortex, that long-term exposure to cocaine dysregulates AMY DA, and that disinhibited exploration in novel environments correlates with NE and DA in regions that modulate risk-taking and avoidance behavior. Further studies investigating the effects of cocaine on brain catecholamine systems are important in understanding the long-lasting effects of cocaine on brain function.
High frequency cavity modes of a Helmholtz resonator excited by an air jet

In 1990, Khosropour and Millet reported on a study of the internal spectrum of a Helmholtz resonator excited by an air jet and reported that the data for frequency and amplitude of the Helmholtz mode as a function of jet speed show a series of domains separated by narrow transition regions [JASA 88, 1211–1221 (1990)]. The idea was to observe the behavior of the air jet when the resonator effectively has just a single mode, and does not overblow to higher frequency modes at moderate jet velocities. Further research explored the effects of changes in neck length and jet angle, but higher resonator modes were ignored. This paper presents characterizations of some of the higher modes of cavity vibration, which can be excited at high jet velocities. Unlike the Helmholtz mode, these modes depend on the shape of the cavity shape as well as the volume. Several of these modes were observed, sometimes with more than one mode sounding simultaneously. Guided by finite element simulations, the nature of these higher cavity modes was verified experimentally by observing frequencies and locating nodal surfaces.
TEM-Assisted Fabrication of Sub-10 nm Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Tips.

High-resolution scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful technique for mapping surface topography and reactivity on the nanoscale and investigating heterogeneous processes at the le...
Surgical Interventions, Malignancies, and Causes of Death in a FAP Patient Registry.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients are at risk for numerous malignancies. Multiple surgeries exist to mitigate the risk of colorectal cancer. Surgeons must weigh future quality of life versus the risk of dysplasia. As FAP patient longevity increases, there remains a risk of other malignancies. This study examines surgical interventions, development of cancers, and causes of mortality in a FAP registry. Patients with FAP or attenuated FAP (aFAP) were identified by linking the Hereditary Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry with University of Utah’s medical records. Patients without sufficient information were excluded. Patient demographics, surgical histories, cancer diagnoses, and causes of death were extracted. Logrank and Fisher’s exact tests were employed to detect significant differences between groups. After exclusion criteria, 140 patients were analyzed. Sixty patients (42.9%) underwent total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) followed by 50 (35.7%) having total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA). IPAA patients were more likely female (p = 0.01) and have FAP (p < 0.01) versus IRA patients. Nineteen patients (15.0%) required additional colorectal surgeries; however, no differences were based on initial surgery. Colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 22 patients (15.7%), while 7 (5.0%) developed gastric cancer. Of the 15 deceased patients, 6 (40%) died due to gastric adenocarcinoma. This study suggests that aFAP and FAP patients are undergoing appropriate colorectal interventions to reduce colorectal cancer mortality; however, repeat interventions are frequent. Gastric malignancy is common and represents the leading cause of death. Further studies are needed to determine appropriate surveillance protocols to reduce this risk of malignancy.
S-acylation modulates the function of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in human cells

The ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) is crucial for the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. ASBT function is rapidly regulated by several posttranslational modifications. One reversible posttranslational modification is S-acylation, involving the covalent attachment of fatty acids to cysteine residues in proteins. However, whether S-acylation affects ASBT function and membrane expression has not been determined. Using the acyl resin-assisted capture method, we found that the majority of ASBT (∼80%) was S-acylated in ileal brush border membrane vesicles from human organ donors, as well as in HEK293 cells stably transfected with ASBT (2BT cells). Metabolic labeling with alkyne-palmitic acid (100 μm for 15 h) also showed that ASBT is S-acylated in 2BT cells. Incubation with the acyltransferase inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate (25 μm for 15 h) significantly reduced ASBT S-acylation, function, and levels on the plasma membrane. Treatment of 2BT cells with saturated palmitic acid (100 μm for 15 h) increased ASBT function, whereas treatment with unsaturated oleic acid significantly reduced ASBT function. Metabolic labeling with alkyne-oleic acid (100 μm for 15 h) revealed that oleic acid attaches to ASBT, suggesting that unsaturated fatty acids may decrease ASBT's function via a direct covalent interaction with ASBT. We also identified Cys-314 as a potential S-acylation site. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that S-acylation is involved in the modulation of ASBT function. These findings underscore the potential for unsaturated fatty acids to reduce ASBT function, which may be useful in disorders in which bile acid toxicity is implicated.
Toward noninvasive quantification of adipose tissue oxygenation with MRI

Molecular oxygen (O2) plays a key role in normal and pathological adipose tissue function, yet technologies to measure its role in adipose tissue function are limited. O2 is paramagnetic and, in principle, directly influences the magnetic resonance (MR) 1H longitudinal relaxation rate constant of lipids, R1; thus, we hypothesize that MR imaging (MRI) can directly measure adipose O2 via a simple measure of R1. R1 was measured in a 4.7T preclinical MRI system at discrete oxygen partial pressure (pO2) levels. These measures were made in vitro in an idealized system and in vivo in subcutaneous and visceral white adipose of rodents. pO2 was determined using an invasive fiber-optic oxygen monitor. From the MRI and fiber optic data we determined the “relaxivity” of O2 in lipid, a critical parameter in converting the MRI-based R1 measurement into pO2. We used breathing gas challenge to estimate the changes in lipid pO2 (ΔpO2). The relaxivity of O2 in lipid was determined to be 1.7·10−3 ± 4·10−4 mmHg−1s−1 at 4.7T and 37 °C, and was consistent between in vitro and in vivo adipose tissue. There was a strong, significant correlation between MRI- and gold standard OxyLite-based measurements of lipid ΔpO2 for in vivo visceral and subcutaneous fat depots in rodents. This study lays the foundation for a direct, noninvasive measure of adipose pO2 using MRI and will allow for noninvasive measurement of O2 flux in adipose tissue. The proposed approach would be of particular importance in the interrogation of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, where it has been suggested that adipose tissue hypoxia is an independent driver of insulin resistance pathway.
A Simple Alternative: A Minimal-Touch Technique for Placing Breast Implants.

This is a single-surgeon experience detailing the senior author's (J.G.) minimal-touch technique for placement of breast implants. Adams et al. 14-point plan has been incorporated into the technique, and the implant box paper cover sheet is used as a barrier between the patient and the implant near the incision during placement. Over a period of ten years, the senior author reports a less than 1% development in capsular contracture using this technique and no implant fractures. These findings elucidate the importance of describing this alternative technique to other barriers currently on the market. Level of Evidence 4
Chapter 53 – Planetary Radar

This chapter describes the principles of planetary radar, and the primary scientific discoveries that have been made using this technique. The chapter starts by describing the different types of radar systems and how they are used to acquire images and accurate topography of planetary surfaces and probe their subsurface structure. It then explains how these products can be used to understand the properties of the target being investigated. Several examples of discoveries made with planetary radar are then summarized, covering solar system objects from Mercury to Saturn. Finally, opportunities for future discoveries in planetary radar are outlined and discussed.
Identifying soft 404 error pages: analyzing the lexical signatures of documents in distributed collections

Collections of Web-based resources are often decentralized; leaving the task of identifying and locating removed resources to collection managers who must rely on http response codes. When a resource is no longer available, the server is supposed to return a 404 error code. In practice and to be friendlier to human readers, many servers respond with a 200 OK code and indicate in the text of the response that the document is no longer available. In the reported study, 3.41% of servers respond in this manner. To help collection managers identify these "friendly" or "soft" 404s, we developed two methods that use a Naive Bayes classifier based on known valid responses and known 404 responses. The classifier was able to predict soft 404 pages with a precision of 99% and a recall of 92%. We will also elaborate on the results obtained from our study and will detail the lessons learned.