cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Manipulating the polarity of conductive polymer binders for Si-based anodes in lithium-ion batteries

Si-based anodes continue to draw tremendous interest for lithium-ion batteries due to their large specific capacity for lithium. However, maintaining the stability while extracting high capacity from Si anodes remains a challenge because of significant volume changes during their electrochemical alloying and de-alloying with lithium. Polymer binder selection and optimization may allow dramatic improvements in the performance of Si-based anodes. Most studies of polymer binders of Si anodes have involved the use of insulating poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and carboxyl group containing carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Herein, we report for the first time the systematic studies on manipulating the polarity by adjusting the molar ratio of polar triethyleneoxide side chains, therefore the electrolyte up-taking properties change systematically for conductive polyfluorene-based polymer binders. The results show that through optimizing the polarity of polymer binders, superior performance as a binder for Si anodes may be obtained. This study could be used as a model system and may open new avenues to explore a novel series of binders for both insulating and conductive polymer binder families.
Transport of aromatic molecules in NaY Zeolite powders

Xenon-129 NMR is used to probe macroscopic distributions of aromatic molecules adsorbed in a packed bed of 1-μm NaY zeolite particles. Relative rates of guest transport through the intracrystalline (micro) and intercrystalline (macro) pores play a unique role in the axial distribution of sorbate molecules, such as hexamethylbenzene, in a zeolite powder. Xenon-129 NMR spectra show that a sharp HMB adsorption front advances through a bed of dehydrated NaY crystallites at 523 K. However, at 573 K or in the presence of coadsorbed water, HMB species disperse through the bed without forming a sharp boundary between adsorption zones. When guest transport is controlled by pseudosteady-state diffusion in the macropores, axial penetration of the bed by vapor-phase guest species occurs in a sharp adsorption front. A shrinking-core transport model then quantitatively estimates the intracrystalline diffusivities of HMB in dehydrated and partially hydrated NaY zeolite of 10−11 and 10−13 m2/s, respectively, at 523 K. Xenon-129 NMR proves to be a powerful tool for probing adsorbed guest distribution in zeolites, allowing relative time scales to be established for transport of molecular guests in NaY powders.
The Relationship Between Play and Couple Satisfaction and Stability

Play in couple counseling has been proposed as an intervention, but research has not determined the effectiveness of couple play in increasing satisfaction and stability in couples. This study examined the influence of couple play on relationship factors that predict couple satisfaction and stability. The 30 couples in the study completed measures of couple play, relationship satisfaction, communication, conflict resolution, the couple’s view of the relationship, physical health, and individual emotional health. The frequency of couple play was predictive of the relationship measures, but not of individual physical or emotional health. The implications of the findings for using couple play in assessment and intervention in couples counseling are discussed.
Touch-sensing input devices

We can touch things, and our senses tell us when our hands are touching something. But most computer input devices cannot detect when the user touches or releases the device or some portion of the device. Thus, adding touch sensors to input devices offers many possibilities for novel interaction techniques. We demonstrate the TouchTrackball and the Scrolling TouchMouse, which use unobtrusive capacitance sensors to detect contact from the users hand without requiring pressure or mechanical actuation of a switch. We further demonstrate how the capabilities of these devices can be matched to an implicit interaction technique, the On-Demand Interface, which uses the passive information captured by touch sensors to fade in or fade out portions of a display depending on what the user is doing; a second technique uses explicit, intentional interaction with touch sensors for enhanced scrolling. We present our new devices in the context of a simple tax- onomy of tactile input technologies. Finally, we discuss the properties of touch-sensing as an input channel in general.
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Paget's Disease of Bone at the Knee

The purpose of this study was to identify the technical difficulties, complications, and long-term outcome of total knee arthroplasty in patients with Paget's disease. Twenty consecutive patients (21 knees) with Paget's disease at the knee who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty were retrospectively reviewed. All arthroplasties employed cemented condylar implants. Two patients died at less than 2 years and one was lost to follow-up; the remaining 17 (18 knees) were followed for an average of 9 years. Mean Knee Society scores for pain and function improved from 41 and 36 points preoperatively to 87 and 67 points, respectively, postoperatively. One patient underwent femoral revision for aseptic loosening at 10 years. None developed substantial heterotopic ossifications or deep infection. Total knee arthroplasty in patients with Paget's disease can provide good clinical results with low revision rate and good implant durability, despite technical challenges.
Strain‐induced crystallization of cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene containing dispersed 1,2‐polybutadiene crystalline particles

Some grades of cis-1,4-polybutadiene contain dispersed crystalline particles made up of a block copolymer having amorphous cis-1,4- and crystalline 1,2 blocks. The particles are known to enhance the strain-induced crystallization of cis-1,4 matrix rubber. The deformational behavior was examined by dynamic shear measurements at small deformation and tensile stress–strain measurements at large deformation. In the shear measurements (linear behavior), the temperature dependence of the shift factor in the time-temperature superposition has been evaluated. The higher temperature dependence was observed for the lower crystalline particle content and higher degree of branching of the matrix rubber. The presence of the crystalline particles resulted in the viscosity enhancement like that expected from the dispersed particles. In the tensile measurements (non-linear behavior), the rubbers showed strain softening. The higher degree of strain softening was observed for the higher amount of the crystalline particles and lower degree of branching. The strain softening is a result of the crystalline particles facilitating the elongation. Because these particles posses the branches which are cis-1,4 chains of the block copolymer, the branches are lubricating the system during the stretching. The length of the branches must be short enough so as to produce no significant entanglement constraint. This observation is in accord with the previous one that a relatively long branch gives strain hardening, whereas a relatively short branch gives strain softening. The strain softening was found to enhance the strain-induced crystallization. This conclusion is opposite to what one might expect from the entanglement constraints by the long branches, forcing the orientation of the chains, and thus enhancing the strain-induced crystallization. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Networked circuits/electronics laboratories

The author describes the implementation of networked computers and computer-aided data acquisition in circuits and electronics laboratories. He describes the modification of current experiments and the development of new experiments for use with computer-aided data acquisition. He discusses the problems that occur when implementing such a laboratory. >
Spirituality in social work education: a development and discussion of goals that flow from the profession's ethical mandates

Growing interest in incorporating spirituality into curriculum content exists. Little consideration, however, has occurred regarding the purpose or goals of this content. Building upon the profession's ethical mandates, this paper develops two intertwined objectives that should inform content: understanding spiritual diversity and the discrimination subordinate faiths encounter in the dominant mainstream culture. Theories are reviewed and empirical data are cited that provide a context for understanding, and illustrate the need to address, the issues of spiritual diversity and discrimination. In effect, this material is based upon the same widely used template that informs social work content in other areas of diversity—namely that a difference in worldviews in conjunction with a power differential fosters bias toward subordinate worldviews. It is suggested that the profession's ethics require the adoption of the same basic template in the area of spiritual diversity as is used in other areas of diversity.
GPR88 - a putative signaling molecule predominantly expressed in the striatum: Cellular localization and developmental regulation

GPR88 is a putative G-protein-coupled receptor that is highly and almost exclusively expressed in the striatum. Its function remains unknown. We investigated GPR88 cellular localization and expression levels across development in different functional domains of the striatum in juvenile (P25), adolescent (P40), and adult (P70) rats, by in situ hybridization histochemistry. At all ages, GPR88 mRNA expression was most robust in the sensorimotor (lateral) striatum and was detected in virtually every neuron. Expression was highest in juveniles and decreased thereafter with regionally distinct trajectories. Thus, in the dorsal striatum, there was a progressive decrease from juveniles to adolescents to adults. In contrast, in the nucleus accumbens, the only (modest) decrease occurred between juveniles and adolescents. These findings indicate that GPR88 is expressed in all striatal neurons, but is differentially regulated across development in different striatal regions.
Distal radius fractures in older patients: is anatomic reduction necessary?

The relationship between radiographic and functional outcomes in older patients with distal radius fractures is controversial. We explored this relationship by assessing the influence of radiographic displacement and fracture comminution on the functional outcomes of these fractures. We also asked whether operative intervention and demographic factors (age, gender, duration of followup) influenced outcome. We examined 53 patients older than 55 years with distal radius fractures with various functional assessments: range of motion (ROM) and strength measurements, three subjective surveys (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; Patient-rated Wrist Evaluation; Modernized Activity Subjective Survey of 2007), a Gartland and Werley score, and an objective, standardized hand performance test (Jebsen-Taylor). We measured angulation, articular gap/stepoff, and radial shortening on final radiographs and fracture comminution of preoperative radiographs. We observed no effect of radiographic displacement on subjective or objective outcome assessments, including standardized hand performance timed testing. Surgically treated fractures were less likely to display residual dorsal angulation and radial shortening, but surgical intervention did not independently predict functional outcome. Fracture comminution, patient gender, and months of followup similarly had no effect on outcome. We found no relationship between anatomic reduction as evidenced by radiographic outcomes and subjective or objective functional outcomes in this older patient cohort.
A Bir1p–Sli15p Kinetochore Passenger Complex Regulates Septin Organization during Anaphase

Kinetochore-passenger complexes in metazoans have been proposed to coordinate the segregation of chromosomes in anaphase with the induction of cytokinesis. Passenger protein homologues in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae play a critical role early in mitosis, ensuring proper biorientation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Our recent work has implicated the passenger protein Bir1p (Survivin) and the inner kinetochore complex centromere binding factor 3 (CBF3) in the regulation of septin dynamics during anaphase. Here, we present data that is consistent with there being multiple passenger protein complexes. Our data show that Bir1p links together a large passenger complex containing Ndc10p, Sli15p (INCENP), and Ipl1p (Aurora B) and that the interaction between Bir1p and Sli15p is specifically involved in regulating septin dynamics during anaphase. Neither conditional alleles nor mutants of BIR1 that disrupt the interaction between Bir1p and Sli15p resulted in mono-attached kinetochores, suggesting that the Bir1p-Sli15p complex functions in anaphase and independently from Sli15p-Ipl1p complexes. We present a model for how discrete passenger complexes coordinate distinct aspects of mitosis.
High reliability direct-sequence spread spectrum for underwater acoustic communications

Many emerging underwater applications involve the wireless transmission of controlling signals and commands to autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and underwater sensors. Such communication links often require high reliability with low complexity receivers and only a few hydrophones. In this paper, we propose a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) scheme to meet such a need. DSSS systems are recently introduced to underwater communications because of their capability of resolving multipath and enabling the collection of delay diversity and channel energy. Similar to these existing schemes, our proposed approach also has very low receiver complexity requiring only matched filter operation. However, different from them, we simultaneously transmit multiple symbols during each sequence period. Compared with existing underwater DSSS schemes, our proposed approach requires shorter channel coherence time and is thus more robust against moderate channel variation that is inevitable in underwater scenarios. In addition, our high reliability (HR-)DSSS scheme also facilitates higher and more flexible rates. More importantly, the high reliability and high data rate are achieved with negligible self- and co-channel interference. Besides simulations, our scheme is also tested in sea trials using QPSK modulation without any chip level equalization.
Twenty-five years of violence: the epidemiology of terrorism in South America.

INTRODUCTION: Terrorism is a global public health burden. South Americans have been victims of terrorism for many decades. While the causes vary, the results are the same: death, disability, and suffering. The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive, epidemiological, descriptive study of terrorist incidents in South America. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data from January 1971 to July 2006 was selected using the RAND Terrorism Chronology 1968-1997 and RAND-Memorial Institute for Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT) Terrorism Incident database (1998-Present). Statistical significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The database reported a total of 2,997 incidents in South American countries that resulted in 3,435 victims with injuries (1.15 per incident) and 1,973 fatalities (0.66 per incident). The overall case fatality ratio (CFR) was 35.8%. Colombia had the majority of incidents with 57.9% (1,734 of 2,997), followed by Peru with 363 (12.1%), and Argentina with 267 (8.9%). The highest individual CFR occurred in Paraguay (83.3%), and the lowest in Chile with 4.8%. Of the total injuries and deaths, Colombia had 66.1% (2,269 of 2,997) of all injuries and 75.2% (1,443 out of 1,920) of all deaths. Living in the country of Colombia was associated with a 16 times greater likelihood of becoming a victim of terrorist violence [odds ratio (OR) 16.15; 95% CI 13.45 to 19.40; p < 0.0001]. The predominant method of choice for terrorist incidents was the use of conventional explosives with 2,543 of2,883 incidents (88.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Terrorist incidents in South America have accounted for nearly 2,000 deaths, with conventional explosive devices as the predominant method of choice. Understanding the nature of terrorist attacks and the medical consequences assist emergency preparedness and disaster management officials in allocating resources and preparing for potential future events. Language: en
Triazenes as inhibitors of mouse sarcoma 180.

Summary1. 373-Dimethyl-l-phenyltriazene possesses inhibitory activity for growth of the mouse tumor, sarcoma 180. Certain other triazenes have similar activity. 2. Dimethyl-phenyltriazene produces comparable tumor inhibition whether administered orally or intraperitoneally. 3. The triazene induces the “waltzing” syndrome in the Swiss albino mouse used in this study. 4. Nicotinic acid administered prior to the triazene prevents the “waltzing” syndrome but does not modify tumor inhibition. 5. In doses intoxicating to the Swiss mouse, the triazene is a moderate bone marrow depressant.
Reversible Inter- and Intramolecular Carbon–Hydrogen Activation, Hydrogen Addition, and Catalysis by the Unsaturated Complex Pt(IPr)(SnBut3)(H)

The complex Pt(IPr)(SnBut3)(H) (1) was obtained from the reaction of Pt(COD)2 with But3SnH and IPr [IPr = N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]. Complex 1 undergoes exchange reactions with deuterated solvents (C6D6, toluene-d8, and CD2Cl2), where the hydride ligand and the methyl hydrogen atoms on the isopropyl group of the IPr ligand have been replaced by deuterium atoms. Complex 1 reacts with H2 gas reversibly at room temperature to yield the complex Pt(IPr)(SnBut3)(H)3 (2). Complex 2 also undergoes exchange reactions with deuterated solvents as in 1 to deuterate the hydride ligands and the methyl hydrogen atoms on the isopropyl group of the IPr ligand. Complex 1 catalyzes the hydrogenation of styrene to ethylbenzene at room temperature. The reaction of 1 with 1 equiv of styrene at −20 °C yields the η2-coordinated product Pt(IPr)(SnBut3)(η2-CH2CHPh)(H) (3), and with 2 equiv of styrene, it forms Pt(IPr)(η2-CH2CHPh)2 (4).
Why are there no persisting hybrids of humans with Denisovans, Neanderthals, or anyone else?

The tour-de-force report of Sawyer et al. (1) on genomes of two Denisovans and the accompanying editorial and figure (2) support the notion of “a web of now-extinct populations linked by limited, but intermittent…gene flow” (3): involving multiple hominin lineages for thousands of years, before the mysterious disappearance of all taxa other than us “behaviorally modern humans” (BMHs). Although attention focuses on rare introgressions of non-BMH alleles facilitating adaptation of invading BMHs to ecological challenges, there is a bigger elephant in the room. Current genomic and archaeological data indicate that BMHs arose in Africa ∼100,000–200,000 y ago and spread across the planet (including the rest … [↵][1]1Email: a1varki{at}ucsd.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Intelligent transparency and patient safety: Government plans launched.

moment or a lapse in activity in patient safety and health quality policy development in the NHS today. On 3 March 2016, the Secretary of State for Health, Jeremy Hunt, announced a major change to the patient safety infrastructure in the NHS with the setting up from 1 April 2016 of the independent Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch (HSIB). In a speech at the Global Patient Safety Summit (GPSS) on improving standards in health care in London, he also reflected on current patient safety initiatives (Department of Health (DH) and Hunt, 2016).
Meshfree automation of engineering analysis

Meshing has become one of the main bottlenecks in integrating geometric design and engineering analysis activities. We propose a meshfree approach for modelling and analysis based on RFM (the R-function method) that has the potential to achieve unprecedented levels of ease and automation.
Mentor inflatable penile prostheses.

SUMMARY The standard Mentor inflatable is an extremely reliable prosthesis that will provide complete satisfaction in 87 to 99 per cent of the patients in whom it is implanted. The proved long-term reliability and superior functional characteristics of the three-component Mentor prosthesis make it a standard investigators may use to compare the recently introduced mechanical and modified inflatable prostheses. The short-term results of the new Mentor GFS prosthesis also are encouraging. The new prosthesis provides an attractive alternative to the standard inflatable prosthesis in patients with normal-sized genitalia, especially for surgeons who prefer to implant the device through a penoscrotal incision.
Diagnostic Dilemma: Clinical and Histological Abnormalities in a Hispanic Patient With Diabetes.

The review of organ donors’ medical history is often limited to the terminal hospitalization records. This 32-year-old Hispanic patient had a history of type 1 diabetes since age 13 years and was treated with insulin since diagnosis. However, we have reasons to challenge the clinical diagnosis. The HLA region provides the highest contribution to genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (2). Although the HLA profile observed for this patient is not known to be associated with either risk or protection (2,3), there has been a recent rise in type 1 diabetes incidence among patients with HLA considered to confer lower risk for developing the disease (4). The absence of type 1 diabetes–associated autoantibodies (i.e., glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma-associated protein 2, zinc transporter 8) at the time of study may be attributable to autoantibody loss over time; the absence altogether has been reported in …
The Inside Story: Jennifer Crusie and the Architecture of Love

Critics of popular romance fiction have long underestimated the importance of the domestic interior as one of the principal settings of the genre. This chapter examines the architecture of love in three novels by best-selling contemporary author Jennifer Crusie, Bet Me (2004), Faking It (2002), and Crazy for You (1999), arguing that Crusie’s fictions demonstrate a deep interest in the ways that interior spaces of romance shape, and are in turn shaped by, the space of the self. Drawing on the work of Beatriz Colomina and Mark Wigley, the chapter further shows how Crusie’s work speaks back to traditional architectural theories that see the purpose of the domestic interior as controlling, not enabling, women’s intimacy and sexuality.
Winter site fidelity and body condition of three riparian songbird species following a fire

The effects of fire on nonbreeding songbird species in riparian habitat have not been studied. We compared body condition, within-year site fidelity, and between-year site fidelity of 3 songbird species ( Passerella iliaca , Fox Sparrow; Catharus guttatus , Hermit Thrush; and Regulus calendula , Ruby-crowned Kinglet) at 2 coastal riparian sites. Wildfire, which is rare in this habitat, had occurred at 1 of the sites before data collection. A significantly larger proportion of Passerella iliaca was recaptured in subsequent winters at the unburned site than at the burned site, but little difference was found between sites for Catharus guttatus or Regulus calendula . Body mass of all 3 species declined during winter at the burned site, but differences between sites were not significant. Similarly, body mass indices of new captures were lower at the burned site than the unburned site for all 3 species, but these differences were not significant. The within-year recapture rate for all 3 species combined declined at the burned site over the course of the study, possibly due to changes in vegetation structure caused by the fire. Overall, our data suggest that wintering songbirds were resilient to this disturbance, but that response to the post-fire environment differed among foraging guilds. Well-replicated studies that include pre-burn data are needed to evaluate the effects of this disturbance in riparian systems.
Utilizing visualization and feature selection methods to identify important learning objectives in a course

There have been numerous efforts to increase students' academic success. One data-driven approach is to highlight the important learning objectives in a course. In this paper, we used visualization and three feature selection methods to highlight the important learning objectives in a course. Identifying important learning objectives as well as the relation among the learning objectives have multiple educational advantages. First, it informs the instructors and students of the important topics in the course; without learning them properly students will not be successful. Second, it highlights any inconsistencies in defining the learning objective, how they are being assessed, and design of the course. Thus, this approach can be used as a course design diagnostic tool.
R&D Planning: Building the Total Corporate R&D Effort at Alcoa

(1979). R&D Planning: Building the Total Corporate R&D Effort at Alcoa. Research Management: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 27-30.
Brimstone on Mars

The surface of Mars is abnormally rich in sulphur, but where it came from has been something of a mystery. Work on the isotopic composition of sulphur in martian meteorites now implicates atmospheric processes in the surface sulphur enrichment. The evidence for this conclusion has a further edge to it. It implies that the large shifts in isotopic ratios produced by living organisms are not necessarily characteristic of life.
A framework for evaluating perceptual interactions of various dimensions of sound for data sonifications

Due to its multidimensionality, sound is a powerful medium for presenting data. Various parameters, including pitch, loudness, timbre, rhythm, and spatial location, may be utilized to convey information. Interactions between dimensions can affect perceptions of this information. Experiments evaluating these interactions in the context of sonifications are important in designing more accurate auditory displays. Oftentimes, these experiments focus on a single pair of parameters. This project offers a framework for utilizing different combinations of parameters to streamline evaluations. A user interface allows for the direct manipulation, and subsequent juxtaposition, of these combinations. [Research funded by the Cognitive and Immersive Systems Laboratory at Rensselaer.]Due to its multidimensionality, sound is a powerful medium for presenting data. Various parameters, including pitch, loudness, timbre, rhythm, and spatial location, may be utilized to convey information. Interactions between dimensions can affect perceptions of this information. Experiments evaluating these interactions in the context of sonifications are important in designing more accurate auditory displays. Oftentimes, these experiments focus on a single pair of parameters. This project offers a framework for utilizing different combinations of parameters to streamline evaluations. A user interface allows for the direct manipulation, and subsequent juxtaposition, of these combinations. [Research funded by the Cognitive and Immersive Systems Laboratory at Rensselaer.]
Feasting and the evolution of cooperative social organizations circa 2300 B.P. in Paracas culture, southern Peru.

Recent theoretical innovations in cultural evolutionary theory emphasize the role of cooperative social organizations that unite diverse groups as a key step in the evolution of social complexity. A principal mechanism identified by this theory is feasting, a strategy that reinforces norms of cooperation. Feasts occur throughout the premodern world, and the intensification of feasting is empirically correlated to increased social complexity. A critical factor in assessing the evolutionary significance of this practice is the scale and range of the feast from that focused on a single community to ones that draw from a large region or catchment zone. This work addresses the degree to which hosts draw on a local area vs. a regional one in initial prehistoric feasting. We report on excavations at a locus of intensive feasting—a ceremonial sunken court—in a fifth- to third-century BCE Paracas site on the south coast of Peru. We selected 39 organic objects from the court placed as offerings during major feasting episodes. We analyzed the radiogenic strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) values to determine the geographical origin of each object. The 87Sr/86Sr data plus additional archaeological data support a hypothesis that the catchment of the court was quite extensive. The initial strategy of political and economic alliance building was macroregional in scope. These data indicate that the most effective initial strategy in early state formation in this case study was to build wide alliances at the outset, as opposed to first consolidating local ones that subsequently expand.
Dual Purpose Bioterrorism Investigations in Law Enforcement and Public Health Protection: How to Make Them Work Consistent with the Rule of Law

The dual efforts of law enforcement and public health personnel are important to the governmental purpose of protecting citizens health and safety. However, while the goal is the same for both investigations, their objectives are different. Public health personnel seek to identify individuals who need to be treated or isolated in order to diagnose and contain the disease. Law enforcement personnel also seek to identify individuals, but for the purposes of determining who can assist in providing information leading to the apprehension of the perpetrator and supplying evidence of a potential crime of bioterrorism. This article reviews the current authorities and commentaries on the dual-purpose investigation of law enforcement and public health personnel in a bioterrorism event. With that background, the article concludes with questionnaires for use in the dual-purpose investigation. It also provides a set of guidelines for reference in planning and carrying out investigations, which can be used as a resource by public health lawyers, health lawyers in general, and law enforcement personnel.
The unpublished texts of "Don Quixote"

In one of his typically insightful comments on the work of Miguel de Cervantes, Antonio Carreno writes: “la locura le llega a don Quijote unicamente a traves del lenguaje: imitado, parafraseado, desencadenado, parodiado y hasta enajenado” (59). The written word both causes Don Quixote’s madness and –given his status as a fictional character– constitutes his very essence. As one so intimately concerned with the nature of language, its use, and occasional misuse, Cervantes himself had very definite opinions regarding when, why, and in what manner one’s writings should best be shared with others. In fact, from the early stages of his literary career he displays a keen interest in the distinction between those who merely compose literary works and authors willing to risk making their writings available to the public by publishing them. In the prologue to his first work of prose, La Galatea, Cervantes describes writers’ divergent attitudes regarding the desire to publish: “Mas son tan ordinarias y tan diferentes las humanas dificultades, y tan varios los fines y las acciones, que unos, con deseo de gloria, se aventuran; otros, con temor de la infamia, no se atreven a publicar lo que, una vez descubierto, ha de sufrir el juicio del vulgo, peligroso y casi siempre enganado” (157). The contrast presented in the prologue is quite clear: some writers do not dare to seek an audience for their work given that the act of publishing requires them to expose their writing to the judgment of the vulgo; others, like Cervantes himself, are undeterred by –or perhaps even embrace– the unrefined reception of their work. This exploration of the differences between those who publish and those who do not extends beyond the reach of Cervantes’s prologues and pervades
Online Activities for Music Information and Acoustics Education and Psychoacoustic Data Collection.

Online collaborative activities provide a powerful platform for the collection of psychoacoustic data on the perception of audio and music from a very large numbers of subjects. Furthermore, these activities can be designed to simultaneously educate users about aspects of music information and acoustics, particularly for younger students in grades K-12. We have created prototype interactive activities illustrating aspects of two different sound and acoustics concepts: musical instrument timbre and the cocktail party problem (sound source isolation within mixtures) that also provide a method of collecting perceptual data related to these problems with a range of parameter variation that is difficult to achieve for large subject populations using traditional psychoacoustic evaluation. We present preliminary data from a pilot study where middle school students were engaged with the two activities to demonstrate the potential benefits as an education and data collection platform.
Mobile Video Object Detection with Temporally-Aware Feature Maps

This paper introduces an online model for object detection in videos designed to run in real-time on low-powered mobile and embedded devices. Our approach combines fast single-image object detection with convolutional long short term memory (LSTM) layers to create an inter-weaved recurrent-convolutional architecture. Additionally, we propose an efficient Bottleneck-LSTM layer that significantly reduces computational cost compared to regular LSTMs. Our network achieves temporal awareness by using Bottleneck-LSTMs to refine and propagate feature maps across frames. This approach is substantially faster than existing detection methods in video, outperforming the fastest single-frame models in model size and computational cost while attaining accuracy comparable to much more expensive single-frame models on the Imagenet VID 2015 dataset. Our model reaches a real-time inference speed of up to 15 FPS on a mobile CPU.
Interfacial Kinetics of HOR/MOR at the AEM/Pt Microelectrode Interface: Investigation of the Influence of CO32− on the Reaction Kinetics and the Mass Transport through Membrane

The kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) at the Tokuyama anion exchange membrane/ Pt microelectrode interface were investigated using a solid state electrochemical cell. Carbonate ions in the membrane which are strongly adsorbing anions; suppress both HOR and MOR kinetics. Carbonate ions not only have a site blocking effect, but at low pHs sufficient amount of hydroxyl ions are not available for adsorption. Adsorption effects by the quaternary ammonium species in the membrane, on the Pt electrode is found to be minimal. However, an ionomer film (AS4) coated on the membrane, significantly decreased the rate of HOR. Diffusion of hydrogen molecules through the membrane was not influenced by the carbonate ions due to the smaller size of the gaseous molecule. However, hydrogen concentration in the anion exchange membrane is low in the presence of carbonate ions. Methanol diffusion is facilitated in the anion exchange polymer electrolyte due to its high water content. However, change of the diffusion path length in carbonate polymer electrolytes caused methanol permeability to drop significantly.
Quantitative analysis of underivatized 17 β-estradiol using a high-throughput LC-MS/MS assay – application to support a pharmacokinetic study in ovariectomized guinea pigs

Abstract Difference in female sex hormone, β-estradiol (E2), levels can contribute to sex differences in biological processes that underlie target tissue functions (QT interval), vulnerability to diseases (hepatitis or HIV), and response toward therapies. Accurate quantification of plasma E2 level is thus an important aspect in both basic science research examining hormone-regulated physiological mechanisms and in clinical settings to support patient care associated with altered E2 levels. Due to lack of a high-throughput high-sensitivity analytical method, we developed and validated a LC–MS/MS assay for accurate low-level quantification of E2 and demonstrated its application to a guinea pig pharmacokinetic study in which guinea pigs were treated with 10 or 40 μg/kg E2 subcutaneously and blood samples collected at 0 (pre-dose), 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h post-dosing. E2 was extracted using 90 μL ovariectomized guinea pig plasma by liquid-liquid extraction. The method was robust, sensitive with linear range from 3.9 to 1000 pg/mL, and the assay met acceptance criteria for validation parameters listed in the current FDA Guidance on Bioanalytical Method Validation. Compared to the 10 μg/kg dose, more than dose proportional increase in maximum E2 plasma concentration (Cmax) and AUC0-∞ and correspondingly longer half-life were observed after 40 μg/kg dose. This assay is a significant improvement over existing E2 quantification methods in bioanalytical field, with high precision and accuracy, low sample and injection volumes, no derivatization, and short assay run time of 3 min. This assay is amenable in high-throughput settings requiring low-level E2 quantitation in basic science research and clinical settings.
Crazing and yielding in glassy polymers of high molecular weight

Abstract This feature article presents many experimental results in order to explain and advance our understanding on crazing during tensile deformation of glassy polymers. Ample data are presented to show that crazing is an activated process and therefore takes time to emerge. For example, ductile polymers can also show crazing prior to yielding as demonstrated with bisphenol A polycarbonate and PMMA at elevated temperatures. As an integral part of the investigation, we show that crazing can emerge in absence of any ongoing deformation, i.e., taking place not during extension but after termination of the extension. More remarkably, glassy polymers such as polystyrene and amorphous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) can undergo macroscopic fracture without any ongoing extension after a rapid step extension that first results in massive crazing. Moreover, we investigate several ways to either suppress or promote craze formation. Specifically, it is shown that a craze-free ductile PLA turns brittle and develops crazing upon physical aging or the incorporation of “solvent”. Conversely, adequate pre-melt-stretching is found to prevent physical aging from causing crazing and brittle fracture. Crazing perhaps reveals the existence of structural and dynamic heterogeneity that can be more severe in one glassy polymer than another. For example, PMMA hardly shows crazing before brittle fracture at room temperature in contrast to PS. At the present, no theoretical description is available to predict which polymer is more prone to crazing since all glassy polymers of linear flexible chains show comparable characteristics in terms of the underlying chain network structure.
Healthcare Data: Protections and Hemorrhages

Hemorrhages of patient health data fuel identity theft and privacy violations. Given the fragmented nature of the US healthcare system, data hemorrhages come from many different sources—ambulatory healthcare providers, acute-care hospitals, physician groups, medical laboratories, insurance carriers, back-offices of health maintenance organizations, and outsourced service providers such as billing, collection, and transcription firms. While the US HIPAA legislation on privacy and security went into effect over five years ago, healthcare information security remains a significant concern as organizations migrate to electronic health records. The recent HITECH legislation aimed at accelerating this migration contained mandates for greater security, including the addition of new requirements on breach reporting. In this chapter, we overview both HIPAA and HITECH and examine their impact on data hemorrhages.We then take a look at the types of data that are lost and how these leaks occur in healthcare. To illustrate the issues, we include results from our ongoing research and a case study illustrating the disturbingly private patient information that is exposed.
Practice patterns and adherence to clinical guidelines for diagnosis and management of eosinophilic esophagitis among gastroenterologists

Real-world practice patterns of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) among gastroenterologists are not well-described. The aim is to describe practice patterns of EoE diagnosis and management and assess concordance with consensus guidelines. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of gastroenterologists in the USA using Qualtrics, which was dispersed through the North Carolina Society of Gastroenterology (NCSG) and the American College of Gastroenterology member listservs. A similar survey was sent to NCSG members in 2010 and responses were compared in a subanalysis. Of 240 respondents, 37% (n = 80) worked in an academic setting versus 63% (n = 138) community practice setting. Providers saw a median of 18 (interquartile range 2-100) EoE patients annually and 24% (n = 52) were 'very familiar' with EoE guidelines. A proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) trial was required by 37% of providers prior to EoE diagnosis. In total, 60% used a ≥15 eosinophils per high-power field cut point for diagnosis and 62% biopsied from the proximal and distal esophagus on initial exam. Only 12% (n = 28) followed EoE diagnosis guidelines. For first-line treatment, 7% used dietary therapy, 32% topical steroids, and 61% used PPIs; 67% used fluticasone as first-line steroid; 41% used maintenance steroid treatment in responders. In the NCSG cohort, a higher proportion in 2017 followed guideline diagnosis recommendations compared with 2010 (14% vs. 3%; P = 0.03) and a higher proportion used dietary therapy as first-line treatment (13% vs. 3%; P = 0.046). There is variability in EoE practice patterns for EoE management, with management differing markedly from consensus guidelines. Further education and guideline dissemination are needed to standardize practice.
TRPML1ng on sparks

In this issue of Science Signaling, Thakore et al. report that the Ca2+-permeable channel TRPML1 closely associates with ryanodine receptors to induce Ca2+ sparks in native arterial myocytes. Functional studies revealed a key role for TRPML1 channels in regulation of arterial myocyte contractility and blood pressure.
Physical Education Teacher Education Student Teaching Placement Procedures: A Descriptive Analysis

The purpose of this study was to describe the placement procedures of physical education teacher education (PETE) programs in the United States. Participants were active 4-year traditional baccalau...
Risk Factors for Progression to Alzheimer's Disease in African Americans in a Large National Cohort

Objectives: To investigate risk factors for progression to Alzheimer9s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in African Americans and non-Hispanic Caucasians in a large US cohort. Design: A matched case-control design using electronic health records (EHRs) from 2000 - 2017. Setting: Cerner EHRs database covering more than 600 Cerner client hospitals. Participants: 79,120 patients aged 65 and older (#ADRD=39,560, #non ADRD older adults=39,560) from an initial cohort of 49,826,000 patients. Measurements: We converted ICD9 or ICD10 diagnosis codes into PheWas codes to increase clinical relevance. Then we detected ADRD as having both ADRD diagnosis codes and medications. We considered PheWas codes for Alzheimer9s disease, dementia with cerebral degenerations, senile dementia, and vascular dementia. We considered ADRD medications including acetylcholine and memantine. Results: Using two-step propensity score matching, we built an African American cohort of 4,429 and a 4,570-person matched Caucasian cohort that was similar in terms of onset age, observation length, sex, and known ADRD risks (diabetes, vascular disease, heart disease, head injury, and obesity). Older African Americans had a statistically significant progression from cerebrovascular risk (transient ischemic attack) to ADRD incidence (treatment effect coefficient = 0.0978, p-value <0.000) whereas the matched Caucasians did not (treatment effect coefficient = 0.403, p-value = 0.196). Conclusion: Our extensive causal analysis using a nationwide EHR discovered disease progression pathways to ADRD. The carefully matched cohorts from different racial groups showed different progression, which partly explains the racial disparities in ADRD incidence.
Conservation of binding properties in protein models.

Abstract We study the models submitted to round 12 of the Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP) experiment to assess how well the binding properties are conserved when the X-ray structures of the target proteins are replaced by their models. To explore small molecule binding we generate distributions of molecular probes – which are fragment-sized organic molecules of varying size, shape, and polarity – around the protein, and count the number of interactions between each residue and the probes, resulting in a vector of interactions we call a binding fingerprint. The similarity between two fingerprints, one for the X-ray structure and the other for a model of the protein, is determined by calculating the correlation coefficient between the two vectors. The resulting correlation coefficients are shown to correlate with global measures of accuracy established in CASP, and the relationship yields an accuracy threshold that has to be reached for meaningful binding surface conservation. The clusters formed by the probe molecules reliably predict binding hot spots and ligand binding sites in both X-ray structures and reasonably accurate models of the target, but ensembles of models may be needed for assessing the availability of proper binding pockets. We explored ligand docking to the few targets that had bound ligands in the X-ray structure. More targets were available to assess the ability of the models to reproduce protein–protein interactions by docking both the X-ray structures and models to their interaction partners in complexes. It was shown that this application is more difficult than finding small ligand binding sites, and the success rates heavily depend on the local structure in the potential interface. In particular, predicted conformations of flexible loops are frequently incorrect in otherwise highly accurate models, and may prevent predicting correct protein–protein interactions.
Multi-Period Inventory Coordination in Franchise Networks: the Necessity of Trading Platform and Franchisor Involvement

The cloud-based OneView Inventory Management (OVIM) platform offers retail franchise companies a competitive edge and disrupts the operations of every party in their networks. In this platform, designed and operated by the brand (franchisor), every retailer (franchisee) can frequently access to all brand inventory virtually as they trade (buy or sell) inventory with each other and the brand, rather than traditionally procure from the brand. This paper studies whether and how the brand should craft the trade rules for such frequent inventory-trading to achieve the coordination (maximize the profit of the entire network). We find that the coordination can be achieved via (1) the use of the coordinating trade prices (CTPs) and (2) shipping cost being split between the buyer and the seller in any proportion. The CTPs we characterize are the same regardless of the source of inventory, state-dependent, and may include a trading-reward to prevent retailers from strategically holding more or less inventory than the system-optimal in the previous period to “manipulate” the trade price. The good news is that these CTPs are quite intuitive (market-clearing) and can be easily calculated and automated into the OVIM platform ex ante. Technically, we are the first to model these multi-period trading as Nash dynamic games between the retailers and prove that the coordination can be achieved under the unique equilibrium. We also provide practical insights that the coordination requires both the existence of the inventory trading platform like the OVIM and the brand’s proactive involvement as the trade rule-maker and market-maker of the platform.