cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid analysis of leukocyte-endothelial adhesion

Neutrophil adherence to endothelial monolayers in multi-well plates can be rapidly quantitated, using a fluorescent plate reader. The number of adherent neutrophils which have been labeled with biscarboxyethyl carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) was calculated by comparing fluorescence of endothelial monolayers to a reference standard curve determined by fluorescence intensity of suspensions of labeled neutrophils. The limit of sensitivity approached 100 cells, which is similar to that achieved by the most sensitive of alternate techniques. The assay, after isolation of the neutrophils, can be completed in 1.5 h. The ability to utilize microwell plates permits the use of large numbers of samples. This method has the advantage of being relatively simple and rapid while maintaining a sensitivity comparable to alternate approaches which employ radioactive labeling or counting of adherent or non-adherent cells.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(pyridinium triflate)s with Alkyl and Aromatic Spacer Groups for Potential Use as Nonlinear Optic Materials

A series of poly(pyridinium triflate)s with alkyl and aromatic spacer groups were prepared by ring transformation polymerizations between various pyrylium triflates and diamines. The polymers are s...
Remote sensing of the ice sheets

The importance of understanding ice sheet dynamics in order to achieve a realistic model of climatic and oceanographic processes is discussed. The role played by radar remote sensing instruments such as radar depth sounders, synthetic aperture radar imagers, and satellite radar altimeters in the systematic monitoring of ice sheet characteristics, which is essential in the early detection of global warming trends, is examined. The principle of operation of each of these instruments and the information they provide are described. >
Prosthetic Reconstruction of the Orbit/Globe

Orbital tumor, trauma, and necrosis require the orbital contents to be resected and the patient is left with a cosmetic deformity that affects a patient's self-image and those around him or her. Careful planning between the oral and maxillofacial surgeon and/or oculoplastic surgeon and the maxillofacial prosthodontist will result in a secure and accurate esthetic reconstruction using an implant-supported prosthesis. The multiple steps involved in this process require the commitment of doctors and patient. This article reviews surgical and prosthetic considerations in providing a satisfactory esthetic reconstruction of a variety of orbital defects.
Temperature dependence of infrared absorptivity of copper from 10 K to 310 K

Abstract The absorptivity of single-crystal and thick film copper samples has been measured in the near infrared (1.7 to 2.7 μ) over the temperature range 10–310 K. Data for the single crystal are consistent with theory assuming anisotropic electron-phonon scattering and diffuse electron scattering at the sample surface. The film exhibits an additional surface absorption independent of temperature.
Studies in the expression of oil from tung fruit

1. Tests indicated that best results in yield of crude and filtered oil by an expression procedure are obtained with a tung meal containing 4.2% moisture and 20% shell. 2. The drying of tung meal using an initial air temperature of 320° F. appeared to adversely affect the yield of filtered oil from the expeller process. 3. A filtration test was developed for determining the amount of foots in a crude tung oil. 4. It was found difficult to obtain efficient oil expression from tung meals containing filter cake; in one test with this material the resulting press cake was high in oil content, while in another test the crude tung oil contained about twice as much foots material as was present in crude tung oil from tung meal containing no filter cake. 5. The expression of tung oil from a tung meal consisting of ground old tung kernels and tung shell was found difficult if not impossible. This difficulty appeared to be due, at least partly, to the fact that the meal from old kernels will not plasticize when subjected to heat and pressure. When these kernels were mixed with new kernels no difficulty was experienced in expressing the tung oil from the meal. 6. Tests indicated that hulling the moist tung fruit in the grove does not interfere with the expression of the oil if the moist dehulled tung fruits are properly dried before pressing. 7. A process was developed for producing a clear tung oil by treating the crude oil with a chemical agent to precipitate certain non-oil constituents in the crude tung oil followed by either pressure filtration or centrifugation. 8. When tung oil filter cake was mixed with an equal amount of tung press cake, over 98 percent of the oil could be solvent-extracted by petroleum solvents.
First-admission rates and marital status of schizophrenics

: All patients who were first-admitted to Danish psychiatric institutions in the calendar years 1970, 1973, 1976, 1979, and 1982 and who were diagnosed as schizophrenics at least once within a 2-year period of observation from the first day of the first admission are followed up by means of the nation-wide Danish Psychiatric Register (totally 1,175 males and 665 females). Sex and age specific first-admission rates of schizophrenia show that the difference between male and female rates especially appears in the age group 15–24 years. In this age group the peak incidence is found for both sexes, also if the patients only diagnosed as schizophrenics at a later admission are included. The ratio of male to female incidence rates are not changed by inclusion of the latter patients. A higher frequence of married or formerly married patients is found among the schizophrenics who were diagnosed late in the course of treatment than among those who were so at first-admission. This might be a manifestation of a less severe symptomatology which could explain the tendency to hesitate in diagnosing patients as schizophrenics.
Minimal Access Surgical Techniques in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Triple-Vessel Disease

Abstract Background . Minimal access surgical techniques in coronary artery bypass grafting have been used mainly in the management of single-vessel disease. Methods . Fifteen patients, 11 men and 4 women with a mean age of 64.1 years (range, 35.7 to 78.0 years), underwent operation for triple-vessel disease using minimal access techniques. The procedures were performed through a limited left parasternal thoracotomy using femorofemoral extracorporeal circulation. The myocardium was protected by the antegrade infusion of cold blood cardioplegic solution while the aorta was cross-clamped. Results . Under direct vision, the left saphenous vein grafts were connected sequentially to the diagonal branch, obtuse marginal branch, and posterior descending branch, and the left internal thoracic artery graft was anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery in each patient. The mean aortic cross-clamp time was 86 ± 17 minutes (range, 67 to 125 minutes). The mean duration of extracorporeal circulation was 112 ± 22 minutes (range, 82 to 162 minutes). The postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. Follow-up was complete in all patients at a mean of 7.4 months (range, 6.0 to 8.5 months), and there were no late deaths or angina. Coronary angiography in 8 patients showed patent grafts. Conclusions . Our experience demonstrates that minimal access surgical techniques in coronary artery bypass grafting are technically feasible and may be an alternative approach in the surgical revascularization of triple-vessel disease.
Observations on the relations between the transition of eastern European/central Asian economies, economic growth, and direct foreign investment

Abstract The first hypothesis tested, that free markets promote economic growth, is corroborated by data relating to the transition economies of eastern Europe/central Asia. The second, that free markets encourage direct foreign investment (DFI) is not validated by using one series that measures free markets, but is given credibility by using a seemingly more accurate regressor. The null hypothesis relating to the third hypothesis that there is no positive correlation between economic growth and DFI is not rejected. We conclude that all three hypotheses require further testing as data become more abundant.
Effects of cadmium(II) on (+/-)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-induced DNA damage response in human fibroblasts and DNA repair: a possible mechanism of cadmium's cogenotoxicity.

Cadmium, a widespread environmental pollutant and a cigarette smoke constituent, enhances the genotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (BP). The mechanism(s) underlying the potentiation of BP-induced genotoxicity by Cd 2 + is not clearly understood. Our studies of the effects of noncytotoxic concentrations of Cd 2 + on the levels of p53 and p21 in (′)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-treated human fibroblasts showed that Cd 2 + decreased BPDE-induced p21 levels in a dose-dependent manner whereas p53 accumulation is attenuated only at higher noncytotoxic concentrations of cadmium. These findings suggest that both the activity and the accumulation of p53 in response of BPDE treatment are inhibited by Cd 2 + although the possibility of p53-independent p21 transactivation cannot be ruled out. Exposure of synchronized human fibroblast cells to 0.5 μM of BPDE caused 72% of the cells remaining in Gi phase as compared to 52% in the case of untreated cells. Treatment of the cells with CdCl 2 prior to exposing them to BPDE caused a decrease in the G 1 population (72 to 54%) in a dose-dependent manner. An in vitro repair assay of BPDE-damaged pUC18 plasmid DNA using untreated and cadmium-treated nucleotide excision repair (NER) proficient HeLa extract showed that cadmium impaired the ability of HeLa cell extract to repair BPDE-damaged pUC18 DNA. Our findings indicate that cadmium not only inhibits NER pathway-dependent repair of BPDE-damaged DNA but also impairs p53 and p21 responses and overrides BPDE-induced G 1 -S cell cycle arrest. The effect of cadmium on these processes may explain, at least partly, the potentiating effect of the metal on the genotoxicity of BP.
Negative Corona in a Multiple Interacting Point-to-Plane Gap in Air

Negative corona discharge from multiple interacting points has been investigated with emphasis on the role of negative streamers in causing spark breakdown. The interaction among the evenly spaced bright discharge spots existing along a negative corona wire was simulated with a multiple point electrode whose point-to-point spacing was adjustable. The points were arranged in a circular and linear pattern. Although the current-voltage characteristic curves for the multiple point electrode-to-plane geometry are different from that for a single point-to-plane, the sparkover voltages are the same for both geometries. Additionally, sparking was always observed between the central discharge point and the ground plate. The dependence of the corona current on the configuration of the cathode, the effects of streamer branching on the sparkover, and the breakdown voltage versus gap length relation will be discussed. The experimental results confirm that negative streamers are less dominant than positive streamers in affecting spark breakdown.
Psychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A comparison between patients with and without “on-off” symptoms

Approximately 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who receive long-term levodopa therapy develop clinically significant motor fluctuations (Marsden and Parkes 1976). These fluctuations occur throughout the day and may include abrupt and dramatic swings from immobility to choreoathetosis ("onoff' phenomena). Accompanying these motor fluctuations in many patients are phasic mood changes that parallel the motor changes. These changes in mood occur in the majority of patients and are generally characterized by depression and anxiety in the immobile "off" period, with improvement or even euphoria during the "on" and dyskinetic periods (Hardie et al 1984: Menza et al 1990; Giriotti et al 1986; Nissenbaum et al 1987; Cantello et al 1986: Friedenburg and Cummings 1989~ Brown et al 1984). in rare patients, these mood swings may be so severe as to include hallucinations, delusions, and mania (Hardie et al 1984; Nissenbaum et al 1987; Keshavan et al 1986). Explanations of the motor fluctuations have centered on the changes in the functional activity of dopamine (DA) in the striaturn. Underactivity produces rigidity and immobility, whereas excess dopaminergic stimulation produces dyskinesias. This variation in activity may result from fluctuations in plasma levodopa levels (Hardie et al 1984), alterations in dopaminergic receptor sensitivities (Klawans et al 1977; Dougan et al 1978), or involvement of other: neurotransmitter systems (Marsden and Park~.s 1981; Teyehenne et al 1982). Similarly, speculation over the cause of the parallel mood changes that accompany "on-off" motor fluctuations has involved both central dopaminergic changes and psychological reactions to fluctuating motor impairment and disability (Menza et al 1990; Giriotti et al 1986; Nissenbaum et al 1987; Cantello et al 1986). Although these mood changes are known to accompany motor changes in many individuals, there are no data on the psychiatric status of "on-off" patients as a group, evaluated during '~on" periods, compared with patients with PD without "on-off" phe-
VERTEX: carbon cycling in the northeast Pacific

Abstract Particulate organic carbon fluxes were measured with free-floating particle traps at nine locations during VERTEX and related studies. Examination of these data indicated that there was relatively little spatial variability in open ocean fluxes. To obtain mean rates representative of the oligotrophic environment, flux data from six stations were combined and fitted to a normalized power function, F = F 100 ( z /100) b ; e.g. the open ocean composite C flux in mol m −2 y −1 = 1.53 ( z /100 −0.858 with depth z in meters. It is shown that the vertical derivative of particulate fluxes may indicate solute regeneration rates, and accordingly regeneration rates for C, H and N were estimated. Oxygen utilization rates were also estimated under the assumption that 1.5, 1.0 and 0.25 moles of O 2 were used for each mole of N, C and H regenerated. Regeneration ratios of these elements were depth-dependent: i.e. N:C:H:−O 2 = 1.0 N: 6.2 ( z /100) 0.130 C: 10.0( z /100) 0.146 H: [1.5 + 6.2 ( z /100) 0.130 + 2.5 ( z /100) 0.146 ]− O 2 . Comparisons of our rates with those in the literature indicate that trap-derived new productivities in the open Pacific (≈1.5 mol C m −2 y −1 ) are substantially less than those estimated from oxygen utilization rates in the Sargasso Sea (≈4 mol C m −2 y −1 ). A hypothesis is presented which attempts to explain this discrepancy on the basis of the lateral transport and decomposition of slow or non-sinking POC in the Sargasso Sea. Data gathered during the VERTEX studies are also used for various global estimates. Open ocean primary productivities are estimated at 130 g C m −2 y −1 which results in a global open ocean productivity of 42 Gt y −1 . Organic C removal from the surface of the ocean via particulate sinking (new production) is on the order of 6 Gt y −1 . Fifty percent of this C is regenerated in the upper 300 m of the water column. The ratio of new production (measured with traps) to total primary production (measured via 14 C) is 0.14. It is concluded that the 14 C technique yields reasonable estimates of primary productivity provided that care is taken to prevent heavy metal contamination.
Impacts of an Advanced Public Transportation System Demonstration Project

In 1997 the Ann Arbor (Michigan) Transportation Authority began deploying a set of integrated, advanced public transportation system technologies in its vehicles, stations, and control center. Selected findings are summarized of a multidimensional evaluation of the effects of the system on schedule adherence and transfer time, passenger perception, and drivers. Some improvement in on-time performance was observed in vehicle departures from major transfer points, though not in arrivals. Modest improvements were observed in transfer coordination for routes planned for timed transfers. Deployment of the system did not raise passengers' rating of relevant aspects of their transit experience, but impacts of individual system elements were rated favorably. Focus groups and a driver survey revealed a fundamentally favorable attitude toward the deployment of technology coupled with some concern about limitations that it might impose on driver communications and on-the-job creativity. Benefits of the system that were not apparent during the period of the evaluation but may materialize over the longer term include prevention of and response to safety- and security-related incidents and enhanced information for transit planning.
Role of SHP-1, Kv.1.2, and cGMP in nitric oxide-induced ERK1/2 MAP kinase dephosphorylation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.

Objective: Nitric oxide (NO) elicits relaxation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) that is associated with guanylate cyclase (GC) and K+ channel activation. In this study we determined the mechanisms that lead to ERK1/2 MAP kinase dephosphorylation in response to NO. Methods: VSMC were treated with the NO donor SNAP or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and ERK1/2, Src homology (SH) 1 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1), and Kv.1.2 phosphorylation were assessed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. Results: NO decreased basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. NO-induced ERK1/2 dephosphorylation was detected at 1 min and sustained for 30 min. Pre-treatment with the GC inhibitor ODQ or the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor I prevented ERK1/2 dephosphorylation induced by SNAP. The inhibition of protein phosphatase 1A/2A had no effect on ERK1/2 dephosphorylation induced by SNAP. Treatment with cromakalim A, a nonspecific K+ channel activator, also induced ERK1/2 dephosphorylation, while blockade of Kv.1.2 K+ channels (AM92016 hydrochloride) prevented NO-induced ERK1/2 dephosphorylation. In addition, SNAP induced SHP-1 phosphorylation, and the Kv.1.2 dephosphorylation increase and SHP-1 phosphorylation was blocked by ODQ or AM92016. The basal interaction between ERK1/2 and SHP-1 was decreased in response to SNAP stimulation. SHP-1 also interacted with Kv.1.2 under basal conditions and participates in Kv.1.2 activation. Using the mouse mesenteric resistance artery, we found that ERK1/2 MAP kinase is involved in regulation of myogenic tone. Conclusion: Thus, our study provides the first evidence that NO controls basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation by a signaling cascade that involves a dynamic signaling complex between cGMP, Kv.1.2 and SHP-1.
Who prescribes buprenorphine for rural patients? The impact of specialty, location and practice type in Washington State

We determined the specialty, geographic location, practice type and treatment capacity of waivered clinicians in Washington State. We utilized the April 2011 Drug Enforcement Agency roster of all waivered buprenorphine prescribers and cross-referenced the data with information from the American Medical Association and online resources. Waivered physicians, as compared to Washington State physicians overall, are more likely to be primary care providers, be older, less likely to be younger than 35 years, and more likely to be female. Isolated rural areas have the lowest provider to population ratios. Ten counties lack either a buprenorphine provider or a methadone clinic. In rural areas, waivered physicians work predominately in federally-subsidized safety-net settings, which underscores the need for continued governmental support of primary care and mental health in these settings.
Synthesis of 16α-[125I]iodo-5α-dihydrotestosterone and evaluation of its affinity for the androgen receptor

Analogs of 5α-dihydrotestosterone. halogenated at carbon 11. were synthesized as potential gamma-emitting ligands for the androgen receptor. These compounds, were chosen for synthesis because estradiol, similarly substituted, is strongly bound to the estrogen receptor, and both androgen and estrogen receptors have generally similar structural requirements for the D-ring. The 16α-halogenated steroids, including 16α-[125I]iodo-5α-dihydrotestosterone were synthesized from 16β-bromo-5α-dihydrotestosterone by halogen exchange. The cis-β-bromohydrin substrate was synthesized from 5α-androstane-3,17-dione by selective ketalization, dibromination at C-16 and stereoselective reduction. 16α-iodo dihydrotestosterone was devoid of androgen activity in vivo at concentrations at which 5α-dihydrotestosterone was fully stimulatory. The 16α-iodo, 16α-bromo, and 16β-bromo analogs were allowed to compete with [3H]-dihydrotestosterone for binding to the androgen receptor: the 16α-iodo compound had a relative binding affinity 1 100th and both bromo compounds 1/30th that of dihydrotestosterone. In addition, no specific binding was detected when the 16α-[125I]iodo analog was incubated with prostatic cytosol.
Supporting English-Language Learners in Social Studies Class: Results from a Study of High School Teachers.

Content-area instruction for English-language learners (ELLs) represents a growing area of instructional need in U.S. high schools. In this article, the authors focus on diverse approaches to developing an effective instructional environment for teaching secondary-level social studies curriculum to ELLs. The authors participated in a school-university partnership to support content-area teachers' efforts to increase ELLs' comprehension skills. The authors propose a multitiered approach to meet the needs of ELLs in the mainstream social studies classrooms by (1) providing social and cultural support during the process of acculturation, (2) providing explicit instruction in academic strategies necessary for successful comprehension of in-depth content using the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach, and (3) making social studies curriculum more accessible through strategies for reducing cognitive load without reducing content.
Separate roles for the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes in the sequestration of drugs in the multidrug-resistant human leukemic cell line HL-60.

The sequestration of drugs away from cellular target sites into cytoplasmic organelles of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells has been recently shown to be a cause for ineffective drug therapy. This process is poorly understood despite the fact that it has been observed in a large number of MDR cancer cell lines. Analysis of drug sequestration in these cells has traditionally been done using fluorescent anthracycline antibiotics (i.e. daunorubicin, doxorubicin). This narrow selection of substrates has resulted in a limited understanding of sequestration mechanisms and the intracellular compartments that are involved. To better characterize this phenotype, we chose to examine the sequestration of molecules having different acid/base properties in the MDR HL-60 human leukemic cell line. Here we show that weakly basic drug daunorubicin is sequestered into lysosomes according to a pH partitioning type mechanism, whereas sulforhodamime 101, a zwitterionic molecule, is sequestered into the Golgi apparatus through a drug transporter-mediated process. Quantitative intracellular pH measurements reveal that the lysosome-tocytosol pH gradient is expanded in the MDR line. Moreover, the MDR cells overexpress the multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP1), which is localized to the Golgi apparatus. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that two distinct mechanisms for intracellular compartmentalization are operational in a single MDR cell line.
Use and outcomes of emergent laparoscopic resection for acute diverticulitis.

Abstract Background The use and outcomes of laparoscopic sigmoid resection during emergency admissions for diverticulitis are unknown. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried for colorectal resections performed for diverticulitis during emergent hospital admissions (2003–2007). Univariate and multivariate analyses including patient, hospital, and outcome variables were performed. Results A national estimate of 67,645 resections (4% laparoscopic) was evaluated. The rate of conversion to open operation was 55%. Ostomies were created in 66% of patients, 67% open and 41% laparoscopic. Laparoscopy was not a predictor of mortality (odds ratio [OR] =.70; confidence interval [CI], .32–1.53). Laparoscopy predicted routine discharge (OR = 1.31; CI, 1.06–1.63) and a decreased length of stay (absolute days=−.78; CI, −1.19 to −.37). There was no difference in the cost of hospitalization between the 2 groups ( P = .45). Conclusions In acute diverticulitis, urgent laparoscopic resection decreases the length of stay. However, it is associated with a high conversion rate, no cost savings, and no difference in mortality.
Large second harmonic response in ZnO thin films

The second-order susceptibilities in the ZnO films have been studied systemically. In very thin films, we observe an enhancement of second-order susceptibilities, which is larger than that of single-crystal ZnO. It was also observed that the second-order susceptibilities for ZnO films depend on the thickness but not on the film growth technique used (reactive sputtering or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition). We suggest a mechanism to explain the reduction in the second-order susceptibilities of the thicker films.
Reconstructing the “Cradle of Brazil”: The Detachability of Morality and the Nature of Cultural Labor in Salvador, Bahia's Pelourinho World Heritage Site

This essay examines theories of value and property in relation to conceptions of morality, correct comportment, and their influences on Afro-Bahians subject to late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century cultural heritage initiatives in the Pelourinho neighborhood of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. This urban space is the nation's most expressive site for the performance of Afro-Brazilian identity and the commemoration of tradition. In analyzing the role of morality in Pelourinho-based cultural property-making, I focus on popular critiques of heritage discourse to argue that, in conjuring a particular form of cultural heritage that bears a distinct resemblance to UNESCO's immaterial patrimony programs, the Bahian state has piggybacked on social scientific evaluations of local people's moral comportments in order to put together an archive of everyday life that exists as a standing reserve for histories of Brazil and the marketing of cultural heritage. This data produced in an effort to regulate the historical center has revolved around the state's evaluation of the moral probity and everyday habits of the Pelourinho's overwhelmingly Afro-Brazilian populace. The result is a conceptualization of cultural labor that emanates not from the capacities and struggles of producers, but from a decentered or distributed view of production, which I tie to the existence of this archive. Consumers, or visitors to the historical center, as well as historical archives thus play a critical role in this form of constructing property and understanding the sources and fungibility of labor in a global economy for multicultural difference that depends on an emphasis on futurity and market reflexivity.
Recent Developments in High-Performance Computational Vibro-Acoustics in the Medium Frequency Regime

Structural acoustics applications in the medium frequency regime are computationally challenging. One avenue of research pursues higher-order discretization methods that can deliver both accuracy and computational efficiency at smaller mesh resolutions. The Discontinuous Enrichment Method (DEM) is one example which distinguishes itself from competing approaches in the additional information it incorporates in the approximation method. It has shown a significant promise for acoustic and structural acoustic applications and therefore is reviewed here, together with new applications to shell problems. Frequency sweeps, which are almost inevitable in many vibro-acoustic engineering problems, present an additional challenge as they significantly increase the already high computational cost. Therefore, interpolatory model reduction techniques that successfully address this challenge and enable real-time frequency sweep analyses are also discussed in this paper.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Immunochemical studies of the kinetics of monomerization of serum albumin mercury dimer.

Abstract Quantitative precipitin studies with human serum albumin monomer and mercury dimer and rabbit antibody showed more precipitin nitrogen in the antigen-excess zone with dimer. This difference was used to determined the proportions of monomer and dimer in mixtures. A velocity constant of 20,000 1/mole sec at 0°C and an energy of activation of 5,700 cal/mole were found by immunologic studies of the kinetics of monomerization. Competition between the monomerization reaction in large excess of mercuric acetate and the antigen-antibody reaction indicates that the antigen-antibody reaction was complete in 0.37 sec or less under the experimental conditions.
The late effects of lead poisoning.

Summary Eleven cases of lead intoxication have been followed for a period of from five to ten years with repeat physical, psychological, and laboratory examinations. The physical sequelae consisted of blindness and cerebral dysrhythmia Sodium citrate was the specific therapy in all cases and was given over a variable period of time or until there was no laboratory evidence of lead intoxication. There is no evidence in this series of continuing mental deterioration. Considering the major mode of instruction in the primary grades, it is felt that these children are at a serious disadvantage and should receive special attention to offset their visualmotor deficit. As the child matures there is a gradual loss of the inward driven hyperactive behavior frequently seen in brain-damaged children. There is no direct correlation between the severity of the illness and the amount of residual effect. Pediatric counseling might be influential in reducing a parenteral overprotective attitude which adds to the child's problems.
The Poet's Fatal Flaw: Venedikt Erofeev's Don Juan Subtext in Walpurgis Night, or the Steps of the Commander

Venedikt Erofeev's 1985 tragedy Walpurgis Night, or the Steps of the Commander (Val'purgieva noch', iii shagi komandora) has received a surprisingly minimal critical response, considering its frequent productions. Like Erofeev's earlier magnum opus, Moscow-Petushki (1969), his only complete play presents a diverse and intricate array of literary sources. But although the various allusions to the Bible, Goethe, Schiller, Pushkin, Gogol, Blok, and innumerable other Russian and world writers and cultural figures in Moscow-Petushki have been exhaustively analyzed, few critics devote more than a passing reference to the subtexts in Walpurgis Night.' The general tendency to view Erofeev as a one-work writer may contribute to this lack of commentary. Mikhail Epstein's argument that Erofeev consciously destroyed himself as an author with Venichka's death in MoscowPetushki, and that the rest of his oeuvre consists merely of momentary flashes of fading creativity, implies a certain superfluity about his later works.2 Since Walpurgis Night features many of the same themes (alcoholism, holy foolishness, the absurdity of Soviet life) and literary techniques (juxtaposition of high and low language, diffuse intertextuality) as Moscow-Petushki, it is tempting to ask whether the play does not simply clothe the concerns of the poema in a different genre. The sheer scale and ambition of Walpurgis Night in comparison to the rest of Erofeev's post-Moscow-Petushki output, though, render a view of it as an exhausted rehearsal of earlier themes questionable.3 Petr Vail' and Aleksandr Genis justly refer to the play as
Vagal cooling blocks circulating neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are regulatory peptides that constitute a new family of gastrointestinal and neural peptides. The influence of vagal integrity on NPY, PYY, and PP basal and postprandial release was evaluated using a new technique of reversible cryogenic cervical vagal blockade in an awake canine model. Cooling coils were placed around bilateral cervical vagal trunks in five dogs along with omocervical arterial catheters. Vagal transmission was monitored by pulse and arterial pressure monitoring. Cryogenic blockade of vagal nerves was performed by circulating a mixture of 0°C ethanol and water through the cooling coils. NPY, PYY, and PP were measured using standard radioimmunoassays. Vagal cooling decreased basal NPY and PYY levels (P < 0.05) but not PP. After a standard meal, vagal cooling blocked the postprandial rise seen in circulating NPY and PP (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate a technique of reversible vagal blockade to evaluate the role of cervical vagal integrity in gastrointestinal endocrinology. Cryogenic vagal blockade inhibits the postprandial rise of circulating PP into the circulation. Vagal pathways appear to contribute to fasting activity of PYY and NPY releasing cells. Inhibited meal-stimulated release of NPY supports a role for vagal modulation of postprandial NPY release into the circulation.
A toll receptor and a cytokine, Toll5A and Spz1C, are involved in toll antifungal immune signaling in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

The fungal-specific immune response in the mosquito Aedes aegypti involves the Toll immune pathway transduced through REL1, a homologue of the NF-kappaB transcription factor Drosophila Dorsal. The Toll receptor and its ligand, Spatzle (Spz), link extracellular immune signals to the Toll intracellular transduction pathway. Five homologues to the Drosophila Toll (Toll1) receptor (Toll1A, Toll1B, Toll5A, Toll5B, and Toll4) and three homologues to the Drosophila cytokine Spatzle (Spz1A, 1B, and 1C) were identified from genomic and cDNA sequence data bases. Toll1A, Toll5A, Toll5B, and Spz1A were specifically induced in the mosquito fat body following fungal challenge. This transcriptional up-regulation was mediated by REL1. Spz1C was constitutively expressed in the mosquito fat body, whereas Spz1B and Toll4 were primarily expressed in ovarian tissues of female mosquitoes. The transcripts of Toll1B were only detected in early stages of mosquito embryos. RNA interference knock down of Toll5A and Spz1C resulted in two phenotypes of Aedes Toll/REL1 pathway deficiency: decreased induction of Aedes Serpin-27A following fungal challenge and increased susceptibility to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. These data suggest that Toll5A and Spz1C function as cytokine receptor systems specific to the Toll receptor-mediated immune response following fungal challenge in the mosquito fat body.
Resonance, synchronization, and lexical redundancy in the expanding dynamics of brain stem neurons

Interspike interval patterns of brain stem neurons that project directly or indirectly to much of the neocortex interactively influence electroencephalographically-defined states of consciousness and modulate patterns of temporal-spatial coherence, `binding,' in cortical field potential oscillations. Neurochemical classes of brain stem neurons manifest discriminable dynamical characteristics apart from the statistics of their firing rates. These sequences of interspike intervals are not well described by either harmonic functions or the Poisson statistics of renewal processes. We cast these patterns within the context of information bearing processes by using moment partitions and symbolic dynamics. We describe the expanding behavior of model and real brain stem neurons in relationship to states of resonance (the presence of complex singularities in the power spectrum with amplitudes related to the persistence of unstable fixed points in the nonexponential decay of correlations), synchronization (how closely the measure of maximal entropy comes to equaling the Sinai- Ruelle-Bowen area measure), and lexical redundancy (as repetitions of symbol subsequences).© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Pulmonary resection for metastatic nonosteogenic sarcoma

Analysis was made of 112 patients who underwent resection of metastatic pulmonary noldules for nonosteogenic sarcoma at the Mayo Clinic from 1950--76. The 5-year post-thoracotomy survival was 29% with a median survival of 18 months. There has been no substantial change between 1950 and 1976 in post-thoracotomy survival among all patients who received this operation here. Prognosis was especially grim (p less than 0.01) for patients with pre-thoracotomy disease-free intervals of less than 12 months, and for those experiencing extrathoracic recurrences vs. further pulmonary recurrent tumor (p = .01) following thoracotomy. The following discriminants were not significantly associated with postthoracotomy survival: age, sex, histology, number of lesions fully excised, or site of lung lesions. We conclude that the therapeutic value of thoracotomy in the treatment of metastatic nonosteogenic sarcomas has not changed here during the past quarter of a century. Whether the recent more common use of thoracotomy in metastatic disease of this type is therapeutically worthwhile cannot be clearly determined from the data available.
Synthesis of carbon C-14 labelled 2-phenyl-4-alpha-alkylaminomethyl-quinolinemethanol: A potential anti-leishmaniasis agent

Using sodium acetate, [1- 14 C] as a starting material, a total of seven steps were required to synthesize the title compound. This involved acylation of ortho-dichlorobenzene to form dichloroacetophenone, [2. 14 C] (I). The 2-phenyl-4-quinoline carboxylic acid, [2- 14 C] (II) was prepared by the Pfitzinger reaction from (I) and dichloroisatin. Compound II was converted to the acid chloride (III) by reaction with SOCl 2 in benzene. Grignard condensation reaction of (III) yielded 4-quinolylmethylketone, [2- 14 C] (IV) which was then converted to the bromomethylketone (V). Compound V was reacted with NaBH 4 to form the ethylene oxide (VI). Alkylation of the oxide yielded the title compound (VII). The overall radiochemical yield was 10.1% and the specific activity was 3.0 mCi/mmol, with a radiochemical purity of >99.5%
Performance of the Visual, Minicolumn and TLC Methods in Detecting Aflatoxin in 20 Contaminated Lots of Farmers Stock Peanuts

Abstract Standard grade samples (16) from each of 20 selected minilots were used to evaluate three methods for detecting minilots of farmers stock peanuts with unacceptable concentrations of aflatoxin. A visual, a minicolumn and a modified thin layer chromatography (TLC) method were used to compare analytical results, variation, and probability of acceptance for minilots having mean aflatoxin concentrations ranging from 8–255 ppb. Mean values obtained by each of the three methods increased linearly with mean aflatoxin concentrations of the minilots and variation for each method as determined by the variance and coefficient of variation (CV) was very large. The CV for all three methods decreased as aflatoxin concentration increased. Overall performances of the three methods were similar in accepting and rejecting these minilots on the basis of the 1.8 kg grade samples. The greatest difference in the three methods occurred at the zero acceptance level where the modified TLC, minicolumn and visual methods re...
Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction versus filtered back projection in the same patient: 64 channel liver CT image quality and patient radiation dose

Objectives To compare routine dose liver CT reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) versus low dose images reconstructed with FBP and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR).
Multiresolution high-definition television compression algorithm for digital video tape recording

A new scheme is proposed for the efficient coding of highdefinition television (HDTV) sequences for digital video tape recording. This scheme allows the variable speed playback of recorded material at speeds up to 100 times normal in both the forward and reverse directions. An 8:1 level of compression of the original HDTV data is obtained by exploiting both intraframe and interframe redundancies during the coding process, although the perceptual quality of the reconstructed sequences is uncompromised. To allow the high-quality playback of the recorded data at very high speeds, a hierarchical data structure is employed and the head-positioning capabilities of conventional digital video tape recorders (DVTRs) are exploited to enable the recovery of perceptually vital information at high tape speeds. The performance of the resuIting scheme is examined by simulating the compression and reconstruction of three HDTV sequences at 1, 10, 20, 50, and 100 times normal playback speed.
Pulmonary complications after tricyclic antidepressant overdose.

We studied 82 consecutive patients admitted to the ICU with predominant tricyclic antidepressant overdose (mean plasma tricyclic level, 1,025 ng/ml) to determine the nature and incidence of respiratory complications. The majority of patients (80.4 percent) had a decreased arterial to alveolar oxygen tension ratio (PaO2/PAO2) on initial emergency room arterial blood gas analysis (mean, 0.56). Mechanical ventilation was required in 76.8 percent of the patients for a mean duration of 46.2 h. Chest radiograph abnormalities developed during the first 48 h in 32/82 patients (39 percent). The group with radiographic abnormalities had higher mean drug levels than the group without (p
Sustaining Seat Belt Use in a High-Use State

Hawaii has been a high-use state for seat belts since 1985. For the past decade, the state has averaged well over 95% overall compliance. Efforts to maintain or even increase this exceptional use rate are challenging. Hawaii has a large tourist population. Nonusers may come from demographic and social groups that are difficult to reach. This paper summarizes two decades of monitoring, research, and evaluation of programs in Hawaii and suggests several aspects of the state's success in promoting seat belt use. A key component involves understanding the geography of seat belt use and the relationships between enforcement activities and public outreach and education. Although it may be difficult or impossible to attain universal use, some directions for further effort in promoting seat belt use in high-use communities are clearly possible. This research will be increasingly important as other communities achieve higher use rates and transition to efforts geared toward sustaining seat belt use. Enforcement is...
Dynamic MRTD simulation

Dynamic measurement of minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) has been shown to avoid the problems of phase optimization and beat frequency disruption associated with static MRT testing of under sampled systems. In order to predict field performance, the relationship between static and dynamic MRTD (DMRTD) must be quantified. In this paper, the dynamic MRTD of a sampled system is performed using both laboratory measurements and a simulation. After reviewing, the principles of static and dynamic MRTD, the design of a sensor simulator is described. A comparison between real and simulated DMRTD is shown. Measurement procedures are documented for both the static and dynamic MRTD. Conclusions are given regarding the utility of the simulator for performing comparative experiments between static and dynamic MRTD.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The utility of clinical tests of eligibility for a trial of labour following a caesarean section : a decision analysis

Objective There is evidence to suggest that women who have a failed trial of labour following caesarean section are at the highest risk of major morbid events, compared with those who have a successful trial of labour or elective repeat caesarean section. Attempts are being made to predict, either by radiological or ultrasonic measurements or clinical factors, who should attempt a trial of labour after a prior caesarean section and who should not, in the hopes of reducing the number of failed trials of labour with their associated morbidity. The goal of this study was to determine the necessary sensitivity and specificity for such a test to be clinically useful in this setting. Methods A decision analytic approach was used which compared two strategies for treating women with a prior caesarean section: trial of labour for all or application of a hypothetical test, the results of which would determine whether a woman would be offered a trial of labour. It was assumed that the goal of the strategies was to minimise the number of major maternal morbid events (hysterectomy, uterine rupture, operative injury) with an acceptable caesarean section rate. Probability estimates for these outcomes were obtained from the existing literature. We evaluated several combinations of sensitivity and specificity to determine the impact of these characteristics on the number of major complications and the number of caesarean sections, compared with the strategy of trial of labour for all women. The results are reported per 1000 women with a previous caesarean section. Results Under baseline assumptions, a clinical test for determining eligibility for a trial of labour must have both a sensitivity and specificity in excess of 75% to obtain a reasonable trade-off between reduction in morbidity and the total rate of caesarean sections. In women with a low empiric likelihood of a successful trial of labour, tests with lesser degrees of both sensitivity and specificity are reasonable. In women with a high empiric likelihood of a successful trial of labour, much higher sensitivities and specificities are required. Conclusions In developing tests to determine to whom to offer a trial of labour, investigators and clinicians must realise that in most cases, a highly sensitive and specific test is needed, although this is dependent on the empiric likelihood of the success of a trial of labour.
The Importance of Campaign Saliency as a Predictor of Attitude and Behavior Change: A Pilot Evaluation of Social Marketing Campaign Fat Talk Free Week

Fat Talk Free Week (FTFW), a social marketing campaign designed to decrease self-disparaging talk about body and weight, has not yet been evaluated. We conducted a theory-informed pilot evaluation of FTFW with two college samples using a pre- and posttest design. Aligned with the central tenets of the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), we investigated the importance of FTFW saliency as a predictor of fat talk behavior change. Our analytic sample consisted of 118 female participants (83% of original sample). Approximately 76% of the sample was non-Hispanic White, 14% Asian, and 8% Hispanic. At baseline, more than 50% of respondents reported engaging in frequent self fat talk; at posttest, this number dropped to 34% of respondents. Multivariable regression models supported campaign saliency as the single strongest predictor of a decrease in self fat talk. Our results support the social diffusion of campaign messages among shared communities, as we found significant decreases in fat talk among campaign attenders and nonattenders. FTFW may be a promising short-term health communication campaign to reduce fat talk, as campaign messages are salient among university women and may encourage interpersonal communication.