cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of infectious complications with synthetic mesh in ventral hernia repair

Abstract Background Infection can be a devastating complication associated with prosthetic incisional hernia repair. It is unclear whether the type of mesh used affects the risk of infection. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent elective incisional hernia repair with permanent prosthetic mesh between January 1, 2000, and August 1, 2007. Results A total of 176 patients underwent elective incisional hernia repair with mesh. The overall infection rate with the use of goretex (Flagstaff, AZ, USA) was 12 of 86 (14%) and 2 of 90 (2.2%) in cases in which nongoretex material was used ( P = .016). In the goretex group, infection rates were significantly higher in open versus laparoscopic cases (26.5% vs 5.8%, P = .030). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism recovered. Conclusions The risk of mesh infection with the use of goretex was found to be higher than with the use of nongoretex mesh. Laparoscopic placement of goretex reduces this risk of infection. No significant differences in recurrence rates were found.
Clinical Hematology: In-Clinic Analysis, Quality Control, Reference Values, and System Selection

An increasing number of veterinary practices are performing in-office hematology testing. Historically, this involved time-consuming, labor-intensive manual methods. A number of automated and semiautomated hematology instruments are now available for analysis of veterinary samples, which, when used properly, offer more efficient, precise testing than can be achieved through manual methods. This article reviews manual methods for performing a complete blood count and describes some of the available automated hematology instruments. Factors that affect test results and the importance of a quality assurance program are also discussed.
Measurement of fiber-scale residual stress variation in a metal-matrix composite

The crack compliance, or slitting, method was used to measure a localized depth profile of residual stresses in a metal-matrix composite. The composite consisted of a matrix of Kanthal, a Fe–Cr–Al refractory alloy, reinforced with continuous uniaxial tungsten fibers. The stress measurements involved successively deepening a narrow slit between the fibers in the matrix, and measuring the resulting deformations with a surface strain gage. The depth profile of the in-plane residual stress components was determined from the measured strains using an eigenstrain-based extension of the residual stress calculation scheme normally used for slitting measurements. To validate some of the eigenstrain assumptions, the measured residual stresses were compared with the predictions from a thermomechanical finite element model. The model used a mesh of the actual fiber arrangement in the composite specimen rather than the commonly used unit-cell model. Compared to other techniques for measuring residual stresses in compo...
Autogenesis: A Perspective on the Process of Organizing

This paper presents a perspective on organizational theory called 'autogenesis'. This perspective has a long history in both the natural and social sciences, but is suggested particularly by recent developments in the field of self-organizing systems. According to this perspective, complex social organization can be explained in terms of the interplay of three distinct types of structure: 1 deep structure, which consists of a generative grammar rules for organizing; 2 elemental structure, which is the manifest form taken by individual social interactions; and 3 observed structure, which is the supra-individual group or organization as perceived by an observer of the system. The implications of this perspective for expanding the scope of theory and research on social organizations in general, and the process of organizing in particular, are discussed.
Motor Functions: Third Functional Unit Revisited

The frontocerebellar systems and the dopaminergic contributions of the basal ganglia and substantia nigra are most directly under investigation with clinical and neuroscience inquiries involving strength, balance, coordination, and endurance. A classical distinction has been drawn between these two interactive neural systems providing the basis for normal movement and, when dysfunctional, the basis for many movement disorders. These two distinct, dynamically interactive, neural pathways are referred to as the pyramidal and the extrapyramidal motor systems. They overlap anatomically at the striate bodies, where the descending and myelinated pyramidal tract lays distinctly against the gray field of the basal ganglia (the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus). The reference to the “striate bodies” originates from visual inspection of this brain region, where white stripes (myelinated pyramidal cell axons) lie against a gray field (the basal ganglia).
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential as Cardiac Therapeutics

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a stem cell population present in adult tissues that can be isolated, expanded in culture, and characterized in vitro and in vivo. MSCs differentiate readily...
Rac1 mediates NaCl-induced superoxide generation in the thick ascending limb.

Superoxide (O2−) produced by NADPH oxidase regulates Na absorption and renal hemodynamics. Increased NaCl in the thick ascending limb (TAL) stimulates O2− generation. However, we do not know whethe...
Search Driven Analysis of Heterogeneous XML Data

Analytical processing on XML repositories is usually enabled by designing complex data transformations that shred the documents into a common data warehousing schema. This can be very time- consuming and costly, especially if the underlying XML data has a lot of variety in structure, and only a subset of attributes constitutes meaningful dimensions and facts. Today, there is no tool to explore an XML data set, discover interesting attributes, dimensions and facts, and rapidly prototype an OLAP solution. In this paper, we propose a system, called SEDA 1 , that enables users to start with simple keyword-style querying, and interactively refine the query based on result summaries. SEDA then maps query results onto a set of known, or newly created, facts and dimensions, and derives a star schema and its instantiation to be fed into an off- the-shelf OLAP tool, for further analysis.
Insights into the nutritional management of short-bowel syndrome

Short-bowel syndrome is a malabsorptive state that occurs after resection of the intestine or, alternatively, secondary to the functional incapacity of the bowel to absorb a sufficient amount of nutrients. The clinical presentation of this syndrome is quite diverse and its severity is primarily dependent on both the length of functional remnant bowel remaining after surgical resection and the intestinal adaptive capabilities of the host. Management of patients with short-bowel syndrome requires attention to detail, individualized care and a multidisciplinary approach. Herein, we describe the clinical spectrum of short-bowel syndrome and highlight particular nutritional strategies that may help facilitate intestinal adaptation while meeting growth and nutritional needs.
Yield of Monitoring in an Adult Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (P2.097)

Objective- Look at diagnostic yield of long term video EEG monitoring (vEEG). Background: vEEG is a standard of practice in epilepsy centers for characterization of paroxysmal spells and surgical work up in cases of intractable epilepsy. Cost of a single study is about $35,000- 40,000. Method: This is a retrospective chart review of the last 200 patients admitted to our Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU). After excluding patients who did not complete the study, 174 were found eligible. We looked at patient demographics, time to first event, number of events recorded and the final diagnosis. Results: 174 studies were reviewed. There were 56[percnt] females and 44[percnt] males ranging from 15 to 76 years. Recording time ranged from one to six days. The study was diagnostic in 130 cases (74.7[percnt]). 42[percnt] had only non-epileptic events (NEE) and 26[percnt] had only epileptic seizures (ES). 4.6[percnt] had both ES and NEE. Four patients had interictal discharges diagnostic of generalized epilepsy though no events were recorded. Median of 3 events was recorded per study. Time to first event ranged from 0.5 to 90 hours. In 64 (41[percnt]) patients, events occurred within 24 hours while in 12 (8[percnt]) the first event was recorded after 72 hrs. Mean time for ES was 33.7 hours while for NEE was 23.2 hours. No interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) was noted in 21[percnt] patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Conclusions: The yield of video-EEG monitoring in an adult EMU was found to be 74.7[percnt]. The average time to first event was 28.3 hours. However, in 8[percnt] cases, more than 3 days of monitoring was needed to obtain an accurate diagnosis. Interictal epileptiform discharges alone cannot reliably distinguish ES and NEE in all cases. Video-EEG monitoring has a high diagnostic yield and is an essential test in the appropriate patient population. Disclosure: Dr. Agrawal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Turco has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goswami has nothing to disclose. Dr. Faulkner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singh has received personal compensation for activities with Lundbeck Research USA, Inc. as a speakers bureau member.
Interview with Jim Hendler on Social Media and Collective Intelligence

James A. Hendler is the Tetherless World Professor of Computer and Cognitive Science and the Head of the Computer Science Department at RPI. He also serves as a Director of the UK’s charitable Web Science Trust and is a visiting Professor at DeMontfort University in Leicester, UK. Hendler has authored about 200 technical papers in the areas of Semantic Web, artificial intelligence, agentbased computing and high performance processing. One of the early “Semantic Web” innovators, Hendler is a Fellow of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, the British Computer Society, the IEEE and the AAAS. In 2010, Hendler was named one of the 20 most innovative professors in America by Playboy magazine and was selected as an “Internet Web Expert” by the US government. He is the Editor-in-Chief emeritus of IEEE Intelligent Systems and is the first computer scientist to serve on the Board of Reviewing Editors for Science. Hendler was the recipient of a 2012 Strata Conference Data Innovation Award for his work in Open Government Data.
Observer-based adaptive robust control of a class of nonlinear systems with dynamic uncertainties

In this paper, a discontinuous projection-based adaptive robust control (ARC) scheme is constructed for a class of nonlinear systems in an extended semi-strict feedback form by incorporating a nonlinear observer and a dynamic normalization signal. The form allows for parametric uncertainties, uncertain nonlinearities, and dynamic uncertainties. The unmeasured states associated with the dynamic uncertainties are assumed to enter the system equations in an affine fashion. A novel nonlinear observer is first constructed to estimate the unmeasured states for a less conservative design. Estimation errors of dynamic uncertainties, as well as other model uncertainties, are dealt with effectively via certain robust feedback control terms for a guaranteed robust performance. In contrast with existing conservative robust adaptive control schemes, the proposed ARC method makes full use of the available structural information on the unmeasured state dynamics and the prior knowledge on the bounds of parameter variations for high performance. The resulting ARC controller achieves a prescribed output tracking transient performance and final tracking accuracy in the sense that the upper bound on the absolute value of the output tracking error over entire time-history is given and related to certain controller design parameters in a known form. Furthermore, in the absence of uncertain nonlinearities, asymptotic output tracking is also achieved. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Valuation of Personal Information.

One key challenge in information privacy research is measuring personal privacy. In the information privacy literature, concern for privacy is often used as a proxy measure for privacy itself. Studies have shown that individuals’ stated privacy concerns do not necessarily match up to their actual behaviors. In this study, we develop a new experimental economics approach for valuing and measuring privacy in monetary terms. A composite function consisting of individuals’ identity, demographic and private information is developed for our valuation model. We propose a methodology, based on the generalized second,price (GSP) auction mechanis m, to elicit consumers’ valuation of their personal information. We have conducted an experiment using the GSP auction to acquire personal data, which are used to estimate the valuation model. The results of our study offer interesting insights, which help explain some theoretical observations found in prior studies and, more importantly, provide interesting ideas for privacy research design.
Patient age, number and type of clinical encounters, and provider advice to quit smoking. BRFSS 2000

PATIENT AGE, NUMBER AND TYPE OF CLINICAL ENCOUNTERS, AND PROVIDER ADVICE TO QUIT SMOKING. BRFSS 2000 Sean C. Lucan (Sponsored by David L. Katz) The purpose of this study was to determine how often smoking patients receive quit advice and if patient age, and number and type of clinical encounters are associated with odds of receipt. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2000 data were used to study 10,582 smokers (aged ≥ 18) having ≥ 1 of three types of clinical encounters in the past year: routine checkups, other physician encounters, or dental visits. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for quit advice by patient age, encounter type, and number of doctor's visits were calculated. Almost 55% of patients were advised to quit smoking. There was a 4-23% chance of receiving quit advice at any given doctor's visit. Odds of receiving advice did not increase with increasing number of visits. With advancing age, men were more likely, women less likely, to receive quit advice—but only significantly for White men. Compared to those having dental visits, ORs for receiving quit advice for patients having checkups and other physician encounters were 3.35 (95% CI 2.ll, 5.31) and 3.03 (95%CI 1.32, 6.97) respectively. These cross-sectional data suggest that whereas a small majority of smoking patients are advised to quit at some clinical encounter, smoking patients are not advised to quit at the majority of encounters. Being young and male, or seeing dentists rather than doctors made patients less likely to receive quit advice—as did having lower education or BMI, no insurance or coverage other than military or private, not having asthma, or not having breast exams or follow-up Papanicolaou smears if female. Based on a previously-reported absolute quit difference of 1.9%, if smoking patients received quit advice just once at any of their encounters with physicians in a year, at least 800,000 more U.S. smokers would quit at an economic savings of $2.4 billion.
Taphozous longimanus (Tomb bat)

The karyotypes presented here are gifts of Dr. S. Pathak, who collected the specimens from Aurangabad and Nanded in Maharashtra, India.
5D model for accurate representation and visualization of dynamic cardiac structures

Accurate cardiac modeling is challenging due to the intricate structure and complex contraction patterns of myocardial tissues. Fast imaging techniques can provide 4D structural information acquired as a sequence of 3D images throughout the cardiac cycle. To mode. The beating heart, we created a physics-based surface model that deforms between successive time point in the cardiac cycle. 3D images of canine hearts were acquired during one complete cardiac cycle using the DSR and the EBCT. The left ventricle of the first time point is reconstructed as a triangular mesh. A mass-spring physics-based deformable mode,, which can expand and shrink with local contraction and stretching forces distributed in an anatomically accurate simulation of cardiac motion, is applied to the initial mesh and allows the initial mesh to deform to fit the left ventricle in successive time increments of the sequence. The resulting 4D model can be interactively transformed and displayed with associated regional electrical activity mapped onto anatomic surfaces, producing a 5D model, which faithfully exhibits regional cardiac contraction and relaxation patterns over the entire heart. The model faithfully represents structural changes throughout the cardiac cycle. Such models provide the framework for minimizing the number of time points required to usefully depict regional motion of myocardium and allow quantitative assessment of regional myocardial motion. The electrical activation mapping provides spatial and temporal correlation within the cardiac cycle. In procedures which as intra-cardiac catheter ablation, visualization of the dynamic model can be used to accurately localize the foci of myocardial arrhythmias and guide positioning of catheters for optimal ablation.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
UNIVERSITY DIVERSITY TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT: THE PERSPECTIVES OF AFRICAN, LATINA/O, ASIAN, PACIFIC ISLANDER, AND NATIVE AMERICAN STUDENTS

Lynda D. Dixon, Advisor Communication scholars have acknowledged that racial diversity does not receive adequate examination from organizational communication scholars. This study examined racerelated diversity training at a predominantly white Northwest Ohio university from the perspectives of undergraduate African, Latina/o, Asian, Pacific Islander, and Native American (ALANA) students. Research demonstrates that on predominantly white campuses, ALANA students may face unique challenges that may differ from the experiences of their white peers. However, race-related diversity training programs are frequently developed without assessing the needs of ALANA people. This research used open-ended surveys with 127 ALANA students, audiotape recorded interviews with seven ALANA students, and a diversity training manual. Grounded theory was used to develop themes. The manual themes were compared to ALANAgenerated themes to assess whether students needs were being met by the current diversity training program. There were three race-related themes that materialized as unmet needs for the participants. The three unmet needs were assistance with coping with the biases of others; the ability to recognize support and develop richer interpersonal relationships; and the obligation to educate others about ALANA people while simultaneously representing all people from their respective ALANA groups. There were two themes that manifested differently in the manual and student data. These themes were examining natural behaviors and actions and making connections with life experiences. In conclusion, the diversity training activities contained in the manual do not fully meet the needs of ALANA students. This dissertation concludes with a discussion of the findings, implications, and future recommendations.
Enhancement of Delivery of Antineoplastic Drugs into Cerebrospinal Fluid

The development of effective chemotherapy for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) malignancy poses a major challenge to the oncologist. Although the use of antineoplastic drugs has been responsible for considerable improvement in the treatment of a variety of extracerebral malignancies, the mainstays of treatment for tumors of the brain remain surgery and radiation therapy. This circumstance has resulted in part from problems relating to difficulties in the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the CNS. Thus, somewhat ironically, although a wide variety of chemotherapeutic agents are available to the oncologist, relatively few of these compounds possess the pharmacological characteristics that render them suitable to treat CNS malignancy.
Test of a clinical model of poor physical health and suicide: The role of depression, psychosocial stress, interpersonal conflict, and panic.

Abstract Background This study employed a structural equation model to examine the relationships between poor physical health, suicide, depression, psychosocial stress, interpersonal conflict, and panic. Methods The sample consisted of a large, archived set of mental health treatment-seeking adults who completed a behavioral outcome questionnaire prior to beginning treatment. Results Results supported the extant literature indicating that poor physical health, depression, psychosocial stress, interpersonal conflict, and panic impose increased risk for suicidal ideation, with depression demonstrating the highest risk for increased suicidal ideation. The results also supported the hypotheses that depression, psychosocial stress, interpersonal conflict, and panic would mediate the association between poor physical health and suicidal ideation. Although no a priori hypotheses were made regarding relationships among the 15 physical illnesses examined, results indicated that HIV/AIDS had the strongest correlation with depression and the weakest correlation with interpersonal conflict. Limitations Firstly, the study sample was primarily Caucasian, limiting its generalizability. Secondly, causal inferences should be interpreted with caution, due to the quasi-experimental design. Thirdly, these data were self-reported, which create response biases since suicidal ideation is stigmatized. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of considering interpersonal factors as potential mediators in the relationship between poor physical health, mental illness, and suicide. Clinically, the impact of an active major depressive episode on an individual who is struggling with a serious physical illness may be strongly predictive of suicidal ideation.
Experimental Investigation of H2-Air Mixtures in a Rotating Detonation Combustor

The operating range and wave speed performance of a Rotating Detonation Combustor (RDC) is characterized for hydrogen-air mixtures for three fuel injection schemes and two air injection schemes. The fuel injection scheme is altered by changing the total number of injection orifices and the individual orifice area, while maintaining the same fuel mass flux across the three schemes. The operability, performance and combustion-induced pressure rise due to the addition of a back-pressurizing convergent nozzle is also characterized. While the operating range is largely unaffected by changes in the length-to-diameter ratio of the fuel injector orifices, higher length-to-diameter ratios correspond to a lower number of pop-out events. Pop-out event is defined as a transitional RDC operation where there is a sudden abatement of the continuously propagating detonation wave, once established inside the combustor. Increased air injection area diminishes the operability, while producing high stochasticity in the performance of the RDC. The length-to-diameter ratio of the fuel orifices has a significant impact on the number of detonation waves that can exist in the chamber. For the highest length-to-diameter ratio of the fuel orifices, and at the highest air flow rates, the RDC supports multiple detonation waves inside the chamber. Without the convergent nozzle attachment, 80% of Chapman-Jouguet (C-J) detonation speed is achieved for all three fuel injection schemes. C-J detonation wave speed is achieved in the annulus when the RDC is back-pressurized using the nozzle. The ratio of reactant fill-height to the detonation cell-width tapers at the lean and rich operating conditions, while peaking at an equivalence ratio of around 1.2. The detonation-induced static pressure rise produced in the RDC is found to be dependent on the air flow rate and the equivalence ratio of the reactants.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Frequency Dependence of Alternating Current Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

The novel effects resulting from the entrainment of low mobility ions during alternating current (ac) electrospray ionization are examined through mass spectrometry and voltage/current measurements. Curious phenomena such as pH modulation at high frequencies (>150 kHz) of an applied ac electric field are revealed and explained using simple mechanistic arguments. Current measurements are utilized to supplement these observations, and a simplified one-dimensional transient diffusion model for charge transport is used to arrive at a scaling law that provides better insight into the ac electrospray ionization process. Moreover, because of the different pathway for ion formation in comparison to direct current (dc) electrospray, ac electrospray (at frequencies >250 kHz) is shown to reduce the effects of ionization suppression in a mixture of two molecules with different surface activities.
Effect of Reserpine on Reproduction of the House Fly

House flies, Musca domestica L., were treated with reserpine (methylrcscrpate 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid ester) to determine its effects on the reproductive system. Tranquilized quilized flies were very sluggish, of slow flight, and indifferent to human presence. Fifty females fed a dosage of 6 mg reserpine per ml in a milk diet produced less than 400 eggs during their life span. In some cases no eggs were produced. Ninety-eight percent of the eggs laid by the treated females were not viable. The ovaries of the females, after treatment with 6 mg reserpine per ml in a milk diet, developed slowly and once engorged with eggs remained in this state for the remainder of the test period. The testes of the males were not affected by treatment either in overall size or in histological structure. Males treated with reserpine had difficulty in mating, and sperm transfer was reduced to⅓ that of a normal fly. Males treated with 6 mg reserpine per ml in a milk diet filled an average of only 1spenllatheca in the female, whereas non treated males filled all 3 spermathecae. Reserpine had no effect on larvae fed 20 mg reserpine per g larval media or subsequent adult flies.
Differences in transglutaminase mRNA after polyamine depletion in two cell lines

Polyamines serve as natural substrates for the transglutaminase that catalyzes covalent cross-linking of proteins and is involved in cellular adhesion and proliferation. This study tests the hypoth...
NRF2: Translating the Redox Code

Cancer requires mechanisms to mitigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during rapid growth, such as induction of the antioxidant transcription factor, Nrf2. However, the targets of ROS-mediated cytotoxicity are unclear. Recent studies in pancreatic cancer show that redox control by Nrf2 prevents cysteine oxidation of the mRNA translational machinery, thereby supporting efficient protein synthesis.
Communication about melanoma and risk reduction after melanoma diagnosis

BACKGROUND Melanoma patients are advised to perform regular risk-reduction practices, including sun protection as well as skin self-examinations (SSEs) and physician-led examinations. Melanoma-specific communication regarding family risk and screening may promote such behaviors. To this end, associations between patients' melanoma-specific communication and risk reduction were examined. METHODS Melanoma patients (N = 169) drawn from a population-based cancer registry reported their current risk-reduction practices, perceived risk of future melanoma, and communication with physicians and relatives about melanoma risk and screening. RESULTS Patients were, on average, 56 years old and 6.7 years' post diagnosis; 51% were male, 93% reported "fair/very fair" skin color, 75% completed at least some college, and 22% reported a family history of melanoma. Patients reported varying levels of regular (always/nearly always) sun protection: sunscreen use (79%), shade seeking (60%), hat use (54%), and long-sleeve shirt use (30%). Only 28% performed thorough SSE regularly, whereas 92% reported undergoing physician-led skin examinations within the past year. Participants who were female, younger, and had a higher perceived risk of future melanoma were more likely to report past communication. In adjusted analyses, communication remained uniquely associated with increased sunscreen use and SSE. CONCLUSIONS Encouraging melanoma patients to have a more active role in discussions concerning melanoma risk and screening with relatives and physicians alike may be a useful strategy to promote 2 key risk-reduction practices post melanoma diagnosis and treatment. Future research is needed to identify additional strategies to improve comprehensive risk reduction in long-term melanoma patients.
An Examination of Youth Voice via Quasi-Experimental Methodology

The purpose of the study discussed was to determine if youth voice affects the ownership and engagement of youth in a county 4-H program. A youth-led approach was used with the treatment group to facilitate youth and adults sharing decision-making power. The comparison group utilized an adult-centered approach where decisions about the club programming were made strictly by the adults. A pre- and post-measurement design was used. Analysis of covariance was employed to determine if differences existed between youth participating in the treatment group and comparison groups and if differences existed between youth based on race. Findings indicated statistically significant differences between the treatment and comparison groups on all three constructs and statistically significant differences between Caucasian and non-Caucasian youth on the constructs of ownership and relationship with adults. It was concluded that, in programs incorporating voice, youth experience more ownership and engagement and have a more positive relationship with adults.
Schizophrenia genes discovery by mining the minimum spanning trees from multi-dimensional imaging genomic data integration

Schizophrenia (SCZ) disease ranks among the top 10 causes of disability in developed countries worldwide. Its onset is the combination result of genetic, biological and environmental factors. It is increasingly important but difficult to determine which genes are potential biomarkers for SCZ, owing to the complex nature of the pathophysiology of this disease. In our study, we integrated genomic, epigenomic and neuroimaging data to identify genetic biomarkers for schizophrenia. Important cross-correlated features were selected using multiple sparse canonical correlation analysis (smCCA) among single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), DNA methylation and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The features were then used to construct two state (health and case) gene-gene interaction networks for SNP or DNA methylation data. A network-based framework was proposed by comparing two different minimum spanning trees (MSTs), which were extracted from two fused state gene networks, respectively. We selected top 20 genes with significant changes of network features for schizophrenia. These genes were finally validated by disease association enrichment analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, pathway enrichment analysis and related literature reports. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of our framework through the comparison with other network-based discovery methods. Therefore, our proposed network-based approach can effectively discover biomarkers and resulting genes, promising better diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia disease.
On the power of big data: Mining structures from massive, unstructured text data

The real-world big data are largely unstructured, interconnected, and in the form of natural language text. One of the grand challenges is to turn such massive unstructured data into structured ones, and then to structured networks and actionable knowledge. We propose a data-intensive text mining approach that requires only distant supervision or minimal supervision but relies on massive data. We show quality phrases can be mined from such massive text data, types can be extracted from massive text data with distant supervision, and relationships among entities can be discovered by meta-path guided network embedding. Finally, we propose a D2N2K (i.e., data-to-network-to-knowledge) paradigm, that is, first turn data into relatively structured information networks, and then mine such text-rich and structure-rich networks to generate useful knowledge. We show such a paradigm represents a promising direction at turning massive text data into structured networks and useful knowledge.
Categorical Risk Perception Drives Variability in Antibiotic Prescribing in the Emergency Department: A Mixed Methods Observational Study

Adherence to evidence-based antibiotic therapy guidelines for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) varies widely among clinicians. Understanding this variability is key for reducing inappropriate prescribing. To measure how emergency department (ED) clinicians’ perceptions of antibiotic prescribing risks affect their decision-making. Clinician survey based on fuzzy-trace theory, a theory of medical decision-making, combined with retrospective data on prescribing outcomes for URI/pneumonia visits in two EDs. The survey predicts the categorical meanings, or gists, that individuals derive from given information. ED physicians, residents, and physician assistants (PAs) who completed surveys and treated patients with URI/pneumonia diagnoses between August 2014 and December 2015. Gists derived from survey responses and their association with rates of antibiotic prescribing per visit. Of 4474 URI/pneumonia visits, 2874 (64.2%) had an antibiotic prescription. However, prescribing rates varied from 7% to 91% for the 69 clinicians surveyed (65.2% response rate). Clinicians who framed therapy-prescribing decisions as a categorical choice between continued illness and possibly beneficial treatment (“why not take a risk?” gist, which assumes antibiotic therapy is essentially harmless) had higher rates of prescribing (OR 1.28 [95% CI, 1.06–1.54]). Greater agreement with the “antibiotics may be harmful” gist was associated with lower prescribing rates (OR 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67–0.98]). Our results indicate that clinicians who perceive prescribing as a categorical choice between patients remaining ill or possibly improving from therapy are more likely to prescribe antibiotics. However, this strategy assumes that antibiotics are essentially harmless. Clinicians who framed decision-making as a choice between potential harms from therapy and continued patient illness (e.g., increased appreciation of potential harms) had lower prescribing rates. These results suggest that interventions to reduce inappropriate prescribing should emphasize the non-negligible possibility of serious side effects.
A Content Analysis of Bonus Pack Promotions

ABSTRACTBonus packs created by manufacturers have been characterized by scholars as special factory packs offering the consumer extra product for the same price or at no additional cost. However, t...
Inelastic scattering of 210 MeV 6Li ions from 12C, 28Si, and 58Ni: Test of unique 6Li potentials.

Measurements of the inelastic scattering of 210 MeV $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ ions from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$, and $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ have been made. Differential cross sections leading to the first excited (${2}^{+}$) states of the target nuclei were obtained. The angular distributions for $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ (6.8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--60.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}), $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ (4.9\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--45.9\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}), and $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ (7.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--48.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) are similar in shape to those for elastic scattering, with diffractive oscillations at forward angles followed by smooth exponential falloff, characteristic of refractive nuclear scattering, at the larger angles. Distorted-wave Born approximation calculations provide good fits to the data when unique $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ optical-model potentials, derived from elastic scattering data, are used. Calculations with discrete ambiguous potentials deviate from the data at large angles. Coupled-channels calculations reproduce both the elastic and inelastic scattering data without significant changes in the unique potentials. The deformation lengths, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}$R, derived from the analyses are compared with results of previous measurements. The deduced quadrupole moments, ${q}_{20}$, are in excellent agreement with those obtained from electromagnetic measurements.
Two-Dimensional Calculation of Electromagnetic Pulse Generation by Laser-Initiated Air Avalanche Switches

The gas avalanche switch is a recently proposed, laser-initiated, high-voltage, picosecond-speed switch.1,2 The basic conceptual switch consists of a set of pulse-charged electrodes, which is surrounded by a high-pressure (2-800 atm) gas. An avalanche discharge is initiated in the gas between the electrodes by ionization from a picosecond-scale laser pulse. The laserinduced initial electrons rapidly avalanche toward the anode in the applied electric field. The rapid avalanche is fueled by the immense number of electrons available in the high-pressure gas. Under the proper conditions, the rapid exponentiation of the electrons in the avalanche causes the applied voltage across the electrodes to collapse within picoseconds.
Computer Security Risk Analysis

Twenty-four experts in risk analysis and computer security spent two and a half days at an invited workshop and concluded that there are nine areas where significant problems exist which currently limit the effectiveness of computer security risk analysis. These are discussed in this report, and suggestions are given for future research to advance the state of the art.
Optimizing selection for rough rice yield, head rice, and total milled rice

High rough rice yields are important for the profitable production of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The value of rough rice is determined primarily by head rice (whole milled grains) and broken rice, together referred to as total milled rice. The objective of this study was to optimize selection for rough rice yield, head rice, and total milled rice using path-coefficient analysis and selection indices. Thirty-seven long grain pure lines were grown in an experiment at three Arkansas locations during 1993 and 1994. In another test, twenty-eight F1 hybrids obtained from an eight-parent half diallel of long-grain rices were grown at two locations in Arkansas during 1991. For the pure lines, path analysis revealed that rough rice yield was approximately twice as important in determining total milled rice/ha than head rice. Path analysis for the hybrids revealed that rough rice yield was an even greater component in determining total milled rice/ha. Based on yield components for hybrid rice, panicle density had the largest direct effect determining total milled rice/ha. Filled grain/panicle, grain weight, and head rice, in that order, were secondary, but positive, factors determining total milled rice/ha. A selection index for pure lines based only on selection for head rice was 19.2 percent as effective as selection for total milled rice/ha directly. When selection for total milled rice/ha was based solely on rough rice yield, selection was 82.7 percent as effective as selecting for total milled rice/ha directly. Selection to improve total milled rice/ha should concentrate on increasing both rough rice yield and head rice. Rough rice yield should receive greater priority than head rice in selection strategies.
Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right; White Trash: The 400-Year Untold History of Class in America; Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis

Arlie Russell Hochschild. New York, NY: The New Press, 2016. xiv and 354 pp., notes, bibliography, index. $27.95 cloth (ISBN 978-1-62097-225-0).Nancy Isenberg. New York, NY: Viking, 2016. xv and 46...
Structural evolution of a gold-bearing transtensional zone within the Archean Porcupine-Destor deformation zone, southern Abitibi greenstone belt, eastern Ontario, Canada

Abstract The Garrison camp comprises four structurally distinct orogenic gold deposits that formed in different host lithologies during progressive deformation. Detailed field mapping, drill core logging, and geochronological constraints suggest that the 2678 ± 2 Ma Garrison granitic stock played a fundamental rheological role in the location of the four deposits. Initial local shear movement occurred along the southwestern margin of the stock leading to the development of the NW-trending sinistral NE-side-up Buffonta shear zone, which hosts the Buffonta deposit. Subsequently, a transtensional zone formed between the NE-trending sinistral Porcupine-Destor and Munro deformation zones, which host the 903 and Jonpol deposits, respectively. Finally, a local change in shortening orientation from NE to NNW caused westerly directed extension resulting in the formation of the younger gold-bearing veins composing the Garrcon deposit. In situ U-Pb laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry performed on monazite grains formed within the shear fabric of the Munro deformation zone indicates that transtension occurred at 2657 ± 15 Ma. Therefore, at least three of the four deposits formed subsequent to crystallization of the Garrison granitic stock. The reported U-Pb dates represent the first direct age constraints on the movement along a gold-bearing deformation zone in the southern Abitibi greenstone belt.
A Novel Global Optimization Technique for Microwave Imaging Based on the Simulated Annealing and Multi -Directional Search

We introduce a novel global optimization technique for solving the inverse-scattering problem in electromagnetic imaging of dielectric objects. The presented optimizer combines the simulated annealing method with a multi-directional search algorithm to obtain candidate solutions that make the search towards the desired solution significantly more effective. We have demonstrated the strength of the method in solving the inverse-scatting problems by some numerical results, and showed the convergence of the presented method to the desired solution in the experiments that the standard simulated annealing may fail to provide an appropriate solution.
Treg cell IL-10 and IL-35 exhaust CD8+ T cells in tumors.

Expression of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and IL-35 by tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells drives exhaustion of intratumoral CD8+ T cells through a common pathway dependent on the transcription factor BLIMP-1.
The Confrontation Clause: Get Raleigh Right - Overrule Crawford

Crawford v. Washington, 542 U.S. 36 (2004), is the latest in a series of misconceived confrontation holdings. Its 'testimonial' hearsay standard has created endless confusion and done nothing to protect the rights of defendants nor the needs of fair jury trials. Constitutional confrontation requires legal sufficiency of proof. A crime may not be proved by hearsay alone. This is not a rule about the admissibility of hearsay evidence. It is a rule responsive to the injustice done to Sir Walter Raleigh mandating proof of criminal guilt by live-witness, personal-knowledge testimony sufficient to warrant conviction. Overruling Crawford and replacing it with a proper judicial understanding of the Sixth Amendment will rationalize confrontation law and restore the centrality of jury process to American criminal justice.
The Geopolitics of Gulf Sport Sponsorship

The names of two major Gulf airlines, Qatar Airways and Emirates, have saturated the European football scene for many years, sponsoring some of the most prominent European teams and FIFA itself. Th...
CRT-400.02 Gender-Specific Clinical Factors Associated With Mortality in Cardiogenic Shock

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of gender on the presentation of cardiogenic shock (CS) and the characteristics of survivorship in male and female patients. CS is a complex and heterogeneous disease that continues to be associated with high mortality. Recent attempts have been made
Editor’s Introduction to Volume 14: The End of Ed. Reform?

My colleague Jay Greene points out that in both 2016 and 2020, presidential candidates by and large avoided k-12 school reform. While Democrats call for more money – which is, after all, what Democ...
Mixed hepatocellular carcinoma-neuroendocrine carcinoma—A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

Abstract Mixed hepatocellular carcinoma-neuroendocrine carcinomas (HCC-NECs) 1 are rare, and they usually carry a poor prognosis. We report a fascinating case of mixed HCC-NEC — the neuroendocrine component of the tumor was diagnosed retrospectively after discovery of the metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). 2 A 50-year-old man with cirrhosis underwent resection of a 2.7 cm hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 3 at the segment II of the liver. Thirteen months after the surgery he had local recurrence in the liver that was treated with radio-embolization. Eighteen months after the initial diagnosis, he was found to have metastatic NEC in the left shoulder. Later, re-evaluation of the previously resected liver tumor revealed a small focus of tumor cells with neuroendocrine morphology within the tumor, which were negative for HepPar1 and positive for synaptophysin, whereas the majority of the tumor cells were positive for HepPar1 and negative for synaptophysin that reclassified the liver tumor as a combined type of mixed HCC-NEC tumor. Upon discovery of the metastatic NEC, the patient was treated with eight cycles of cisplatin and etoposide with a partial response. Nonetheless, his disease progressed two months after finishing chemotherapy, and he was treated with nivolumab for two cycles. In addition, he received palliative radiation to different skeletal metastases. The patient died of sepsis thirty-three months after the initial diagnosis of liver tumor. In conclusion, mixed HCC-NECs are rare and aggressive— an accurate diagnosis may require a high degree of clinical suspicion and re-evaluation of the pathological specimen, especially when one of the components is scarce. Strategic use of multiple modalities of treatment may prolong the life of patients with this type of aggressive tumor.