cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal song variation in male Carolina Wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus)

Birdsong9s primary function is attracting and stimulating mates and repelling rivals during the breeding season. However, many species also sing during the nonbreeding season, which raises questions about the function of nonbreeding song and the proximate mechanisms underlying its production. In this study, we compared spectral and temporal measurements from a large sample of breeding (N = 267) and nonbreeding songs (N = 283) of Carolina Wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus), a nonmigratory, temperate species that sings year-round. We found that breeding songs were longer than nonbreeding songs and had more syllables within each song. Trill rate, the number of notes per syllable, minimum and maximum frequency and frequency bandwidth did not differ detectably between the two seasons. This study is the first to examine seasonal song differences in Carolina Wrens and provides a basis for future investigations into the drivers behind this seasonal variation.
FPGA acceleration on a multi-layer perceptron neural network for digit recognition

This paper proposes field-programmable gate array (FPGA) acceleration on a scalable multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network for classifying handwritten digits. First, an investigation to the network architectures is conducted to find the optimal FPGA design corresponding to different classification rates. As a case study, then a specific single-hidden-layer MLP network is implemented with an eight-stage pipelined structure on Xilinx Ultrascale FPGA. It mainly contains a timing controller designed by Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) and sigmoid neurons integrated by Xilinx IPs. Finally, experimental results show a greater than $$\times 10$$ speedup compared with prior implementations. The proposed FPGA architecture is expandable to other specifications on different accuracy (up to 95.82%) and hardware cost.
Ultrasonography in Pediatric Rheumatology.

This review highlights the increasing evidence from the last few years supporting the use of musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) in the evaluation and management of patients with pediatric rheumatic diseases, particularly focusing on juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Recently developed definitions for the sonographic appearance of healthy and pathologic joints in children are discussed. Further topics explored include how MSUS enhances the diagnosis of inflammatory joint disease (synovitis, enthesitis, tenosynovitis), including the detection of subclinical synovitis. There is a brief summary on the use of ultrasonography in the evaluations of myositis, Sjogren syndrome, and scleroderma.
Calcium Channel Blockers as Agents for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Therapeutic trials in animals and experiments with cells in culture suggest that calcium blockers (calcium channel blockers, calcium antagonists) may exert anti-atherogenic effects (1-3).
Structure of Metallic Alloy Glasses

Publisher Summary Metallic glasses are solids that have electronic properties normally associated with metals, but with atomic arrangements that are not spatially periodic. Noncrystalline and amorphous are equivalent terms used to describe the atomic scale structure of such materials. The term glass has often been reserved for amorphous solids formed by continuous solidification of a liquid, but is used in this review to refer to amorphous solids produced in a variety of ways. These include evaporation, sputtering, and electro- and chemical deposition, as well as quenching from the liquid state. The current status of research on structure of metallic glasses is reviewed in this chapter. Discussion is largely limited to metallic glasses which can be retained at room temperature. All of these contain at least two atomic components. Nominally pure, elemental metallic glasses have been prepared, but their metastability depends critically on impurity content; most of these crystallize well below room temperature.
Black-white wage inequality, employment rates, and incarceration

The observed gap in average wages between black men and white men inadequately reflects the relative economic standing of blacks, who suffer from a high rate of joblessness. The authors estimate the black‐white gap in hourly wages from 1980 to 1999 adjusting for the sample selection effect of labor inactivity. Among working‐age men in 1999, accounting for labor inactivity—including prison and jail incarceration—leads to an increase of 7%–20% in the black‐white wage gap. Adjusting for sample selectivity among men ages 22–30 in 1999 increases the wage gap by as much as 58%. Increasing selection bias, which can be attributed to incarceration and conventional joblessness, explains about two‐thirds of the rise in black relative wages among young men between 1985 and 1998. Apparent improvement in the economic position of young black men is thus largely an artifact of rising joblessness fueled by the growth in incarceration during the 1990s.
Building Grid Applications and Portals: An Approach Based on Components, Web Services and Workflow Tools

Large scale Grid applications are often composed a distributed collection of parallel simulation codes, instrument monitors, data miners, rendering and visualization tools. For example, consider a severe storm prediction system driven by a grid of weather sensors. Typically these applications are very complex to build, so users interact with them through a Grid portal front end. This talk outlines an approach based on a web service component architecture for building these applications and portal interfaces. We illustrate how the traditional parallel application can be wrapped by a web service factory and integrated into complex workflows. Additional issues that are addressed include: grid security, web service tools and workflow composition tools. The talk will try to outline several important classes of unsolved problems and possible new research directions for building grid applications.
Unsteady thermal entrance heat transfer in laminar pipe flows with step change in ambient temperature

A fully implicit upwind finite difference numerical scheme has been proposed to investigate the characteristics of thermal entrance heat transfer in laminar pipe flows subject to a step change in ambient temperature. In order to demonstrate the results more clearly, a modified Nusselt number is introduced. The unsteady axial variations of modified Nusselt number, bulk fluid temperature, and wall temperature and the transient temperature profiles at certain axial locations are presented graphically for various outside heat transfer coefficients. The effects of the outside heat transfer coefficient on the heat transport processes in the flow are examined in detail. The results can be comprehensively explained by the interaction between the upstream convective heat transfer and the diffusion heat transfer in the radial direction. Steady state is reached when the axial convection balances the radial diffusion.
Software defined collaborative secure ad hoc wireless networks

Recent developments in software defined networking have shed new light on how to control and manage an ad hoc wireless network. Given the wide deployment and availability of heterogeneous wireless technologies, the control and management of ad hoc wireless networks with the new software defined networking paradigm is offered more flexibility and opportunities to deal with trust and security issues as well as to enable new features and services. In this work, we discuss issues and challenges in enabling software defined collaborative secure ad hoc wireless networks and provide design options for control and management of such networks.
Regenerative Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease

Publisher Summary Treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently limited to pharmacological agents that enhance the action of acetylcholine in the brain, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as tacrine. However, the clinical benefits of anticholinesterases are modest and efficacy is found in only a minority of patients. Other pharmacological agents that block acetylcholinesterase function have recently been developed that have an improved adverse effect profile compared to tacrine, yet the overall efficacy of this compensatory strategy for AD therapy remains modest. The neuroprotective effects of anti-inflammatory agents and of estrogen-like compounds are also being investigated. These approaches aim to either compensate for the neuronal loss once it has already occurred, or to reduce the neuronal degeneration using putative cellularprotective agents. The chapter provides an overview of the new approaches—a cholinergic neuroprotective strategy and a cholinergic replacement strategy—for promoting neuronal rescue and replacement that specifically target brain systems affected by AD.
Thermal stability of MBE-grown Si-doped InGaAs/InAlAs heterostructures

The effects of uncapped rapid thermal annealing in an AsH/sub 3/ ambient on the thermal stability of InGaAs/InAlAs two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) structures are discussed. It is shown that the rapid thermal annealing results in the formation of a parasitic charge near the back of the InGaAs channel. The annealing does not result in large changes in the heterostructure or the intentional dopant position. >
A Block Adaptive Mesh Refinement Algorithm for the Neutral Particle Transport Equation

We describe the development and implementation of a block-based adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm for solving the discrete ordinates neutral particle transport equation. AMR algorithms allow...
Bone density in post-pubertal adolescent survivors of childhood brain tumors.

Background Childhood cancer survivors are at high risk for reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Our objective was to determine whether post-pubertal adolescent survivors of brain tumors, whose tumor or treatments placed them at risk for pituitary hormone deficiencies, have low BMD near time of peak bone mass accrual, and to assess risk factors for decreased BMD. Procedure Chart review of 36 post-pubertal adolescents with history of tumor or radiation therapy (RT) of the hypothalamic–pituitary area who had undergone BMD screening via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results Age at DXA was 16.9 ± 1.9 years (mean ± SD). Time since diagnosis was 8.5 ± 3.6 years. Median BMD Z scores were –0.95 (range −2.7 to 1.7) at the femoral neck, −1.20 (−3.6 to 1.8) at the hip, and −0.90 (−3.7 to 1.8) at the spine. Bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) Z scores were −0.23 (−2.7 to 1.9) at the femoral neck and −0.45 (−3.0 to 2.3) at the spine. Those with history of ≥1 fracture had lower BMD Z scores of the femoral neck, total hip, and spine (P < 0.05). Those with treated GH deficiency (GHD) had a higher BMD Z-score at the femoral neck, total hip, and spine (P < 0.05) than those not treated. There was no difference in BMD with respect to treatment with chemotherapy, cranial or spinal RT, or hypogonadism. Spontaneous menarche and regular periods did not correlate with BMD. Conclusions In post-pubertal adolescent survivors of childhood brain tumors, fracture history and untreated GHD are risk factors for decreased BMD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 959–963. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comment on "Temporally resolved electro-optic effect".

We comment on the recent Letter by S. P. Jamison et al. [Opt. Lett. 31, 1753 (2006)] where the analysis of a chirped probe pulse that is electro-optically modulated by a terahertz pulse reportedly results in a new expression for the electric field. While in principle the derived expressions for the total field after the crystal are correct, in their treatment the authors implicitly assumed that the derived total field is identical to the measured field, without regard to the residual birefringence of a typical electro-optic crystal or a crossed analyzer. Based on this analysis neglecting birefringence, they report that earlier expressions of the temporal field are incorrect. Here we show, on the contrary, that for chirped single-shot terahertz measurement schemes that include residual birefringence, the temporally resolved electro-optic effect is described correctly by the commonly used expression in the literature. We verify this result with our experimental data.
Characterization of three corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in catfish: a novel third receptor is predominantly expressed in pituitary and urophysis.

The present study reports the isolation of three complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding distinct subtypes of CRF receptors from the diploid catfish (cf) species, Ameiurus nebulosus. The first clone encodes a 446-amino acid protein (cfCRF-R1) that is highly homologous to mouse (m) CRF-R1 (93% identical). The cfCRF-R1 messenger RNA is highly expressed in the brain, and its distribution pattern correlates well with that of mammalian CRF-R1, except for weak expression in the pituitary. When transiently expressed in COS-7 cells, cfCRF-R1 bound CRF, urotensin I, and sauvagine with similar affinities. The second full-length cDNA, which was cloned from catfish heart, encodes a 406-amino acid protein that showed homology to murine CRF-R2 (88%) and when expressed in COS-7 cells preferentially bound sauvagine. The highest level of cfCRF-R2 expression was observed in the heart. The third full-length cDNA clone, which encodes a 428-amino acid protein, is structurally closer to cfCRF-R1 (85%) than to cfCRF-R2 (80%). This novel CRF receptor (cfCRF-R3) bound CRF with a 5-fold higher affinity than urotensin I and sauvagine and was expressed in the pituitary gland, urophysis, and brain. The presence of three different CRF receptors, each with distinct tissue distribution and ligand binding properties, suggests a complex CRF/urotensin I system. (Endocrinology 142: 446 ‐ 454, 2001)
Depolarizing action of Haliclona toxin on end-plate and muscle membranes.

Abstract The toxin obtained from the sponge, Haliclona rubens , exerts a potent depolarizing action on the end-plate membrane of the frog skeletal muscle. At a concentration of 50 μg/ml, the end-plate membrane is depolarized to - 10 mV in about 2 min. The membrane other than the end-plate area also undergoes depolarization but to a lesser extent and more slowly. Pretreatment with d -tubocurarine, nicotine, acetylcholine, or tetrodotoxin does not prevent the end-plate membrane from being depolarized by Haliclona toxin. The frequency of spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials is increased initially and decreased later after application of the toxin. Their amplitude is gradually decreased. The end-plate depolarization produced by Haliclona toxin is different in nature either from the nerve membrane depolarization caused by batrachotoxin or grayanotoxin or from the end-plate depolarization caused by acetylcholine or nicotine.
Teaching Aging in the Public Schools: Results of an Exploratory Study.

A survey of 500 public school teachers in Texas was conducted to determine the extent to which aging content is incorporated into curricula. Results show that very few teachers (3.6%) make specific provision for teaching about aging. Almost one‐half of the teachers who indicated they did not teach about aging stated they would include this area in their curricula if instructional materials were available. Most of the teachers (68%) indicated their willingness to participate in short‐term inservice training to better prepare themselves to teach about aging. From the results of this study it appears that educational gerontology has far to go in the direction of “gerontologizing” public schools at all levels. Yet the willingness of teachers to learn more about this important curriculum area is encouraging.
Cell cycle inhibition by sodium butyrate in legume root meristems

Abstract Previous investigations demonstrated that butyric, propionic and valeric acids reduced the mitotic index in cultured root meristems of peas ( Pisum sativum ). These compounds also inhibited DNA synthesis and the progression of cells through the cell cycle. Cultured pea roots, exposed to either 0.1 mM 14 C-labelled butyrate or propionate, incorporated the isotope and transported it into the nucleus. Experiments have now been performed to determine if cultured roots of other legume species such as soybean ( Glycine max ), pinto bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) and broad bean ( Vicia faba ) also respond to butyrate in a similar manner. After a 24-hr butyrate exposure, the mitotic index in the root meristems was greatly reduced in all three test species, even at butyrate concentrations as low as 0.1 mM. The mitotic index in broad bean roots exposed to either 1 or 5 mM butyrate was reduced as quickly as 6 hr post-exposure. When broad bean roots were exposed to 5 mM butyrate, [ 3 H]-TdR incorporation was inhibited by 8 hr, indicating a reduction in DNA synthesis. These experiments demonstrate that other legume species respond to butyrate exposure by reducing their overall mitotic index and halting progression through the cell cycle.
‘We Can't Whistle It Either’: Legend and Reality

Abstract: There is a famous quip of F.P. Ramsey's, which is my second epigraph. According to a widespread legend, the quip is a criticism of Wittgenstein's treatment in the Tractatus of what cannot be said. The remark is indeed Ramsey's, but he didn't mean what he is taken to mean in the legend. His quip, looked at in context, means something quite different. The legend is sometimes taken to provide support for a reading of the Tractatus according to which the nonsensical propositions of the book were intended to convey what cannot be said. But, since the legend has no basis in reality, it provides no evidence in favor of any such reading of the Tractatus. The quip has great interest if it is read in the context of Ramsey's discussion of generality; it is closely related to issues of importance in the development of Wittgenstein's thought.
Absence of the Skeletal Muscle Sarcolemma Chloride Channel ClC-1 in Myotonic Mice

The voltage-dependent chloride channel ClC-1 stabilizes resting membrane potential in skeletal muscle. Mutations in the ClC-1 gene are responsible for both human autosomal recessive generalized myotonia and autosomal dominant myotonia congenita. To understand the tissue distribution and subcellular localization of ClC-1 and to evaluate its role in an animal model of myotonia, antibodies were raised against the carboxyl terminus of this protein. Expression of the 130-kDa ClC-1 protein is unique to skeletal muscle, consistent with its mRNA tissue distribution. Immunolocalization shows prominent ClC-1 antigen in the sarcolemma of both type I and II muscle fibers. Sarcolemma localization is confirmed by Western analysis of skeletal muscle subcellular fractions. The ADR myotonic mouse (phenotype ADR, genotype adr/adr), in which defective ClC-1 mRNA has been identified, is shown here to be absent in ClC-1 protein expression, whereas other skeletal muscle sarcolemma protein expression appears normal. Immunohistochemistry of skeletal muscle from ADR and other mouse models of human muscle disease demonstrate that the absence of ClC-1 chloride channel is a defect specific to ADR mice.
Gender and the Personal Shaping of Public Administration in the United States: Mary Anderson and the Women's Bureau, 1920–1930

Scholars of public administration in the United States traditionally view the 1920s as a decade when the administrative orthodoxy, emphasizing efficiency and organizational structure, dominated the field. This viewpoint recently has been challenged by arguments that the social justice–oriented views of women progressives and the philosophy of pragmatism also influenced public administration. However, no one has examined how women public administrators implemented exceptions to the prevailing, masculine viewpoints of administrative objectivity and the strict dichotomy between politics and administration during the 1920s. Using Mary Anderson (1872–1964), the longtime director of the U.S. Department of Labor's Women's Bureau, as a case study, this article examines how her experiences as a woman worker and labor organizer influenced her advocacy of an alternative view of public administration, and how, from 1920 through 1930, she established the Women's Bureau within the prevailing orthodoxy yet also made the government agency a notable exception through its vigorous support of social justice feminism, particularly during and after the 1926 national Women's Industrial Conference.
Physical map of SeMNPV baculovirus DNA: An AcMNPV genomic variant

Abstract A physical map of the plaque-purified SeMNPV-25 baculovirus DNA was constructed with HindIII, EcoRI, PstI, SstII, BstEII, BamHI, KpnI, and SmaI by multiple-enzyme digestion and DNA-DNA hybridization. The orientation of the physical map was to the AcMNPV polyhedrin gene, and a total of 104 restriction sites were ordered. The genome size was 131.89 kilobase pairs (87.05 × 106 Da). The physical maps of SeMNPV-25 DNA and AcMNPV-E2 DNA were compared, and they were similar except in four regions. Since the differences between the physical maps of SeMNPV-E2 and AcMNPV-E2 were reconciled, the BstEII and SstII fragments for AcMNPV-E2 were also ordered. In addition, reiterated sequences in the SeMNPV-25 genome were identified and located on the physical map.
A low-dimensional conjugacy for elliptic equations and symmetry breaking on rotated domains

Abstract A topological conjugacy is established between certain elliptic PDEs with one unbounded time direction and a simple second-order differential equation, admitting the dynamics of such PDEs to be examined on a two-dimensional submanifold. By this means, periodic solutions can be obtained to elliptic equations as perturbations of those that are independent of time.
Probabilistic bicriterion optimum inspection/monitoring planning: applications to naval ships and bridges under fatigue

Initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in steel structures induced by repetitive actions are highly random due to both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties related to material properties, loads, damage, modelling and other factors. For this reason, a probabilistic approach is necessary to predict the fatigue crack growth damage. This study presents a probabilistic approach for combined inspection/monitoring planning for fatigue-sensitive structures considering uncertainties associated with fatigue crack initiation, propagation and damage detection. This combined inspection/monitoring planning is the solution of an optimisation formulation, where the objective is minimising theexpected damage detection delay. Furthermore, this formulation is extended to a bicriterion optimisation considering the conflicting relation between expected damage detection delay and cost. A set of Pareto solutions is obtained by solving this bicriterion optimisation problem. From this set, a solution can be selected balanci...
A Status Report on Undergraduate Courses in Comparative Criminal Justice Offered at Colleges and Universities in the United States

During 1980–81, the Sub-Committee on Undergraduate Curriculum of the Committee on International Criminal Justice of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (of which I was the chair) distributed a questionnaire to criminal justice programs at universities, colleges, and community colleges in the United States. The purpose of this questionnaire was to assess current and future interests in offering undergraduate courses of comparative criminal justice and criminology. A number of impressions were gleaned from the information collected in this survey. They are presented here in the form of a Report that should be of interest to all who participate in comparative criminal justice education.
Effect of nerve graft polarity on nerve regeneration and function.

To evaluate the effect of the polarity of nerve grafts, a 1.0 cm segment of sciatic nerve of 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was excised. In 20 animals the nerve was sutured, maintaining the original polarity. In the other 20 the graft was reversed and sutured into place. Four to 6 months later, the nerves were exposed and direct conduction velocity and amplitude studies were done across the graft. No difference was found between the two groups. Comparison with the control side showed return of 70% to 75% of conducton velocity and amplitude. Nerve graft function was independent of nerve graft polarity.
Upregulation of nutrient transport in fetal rabbit intestine by transamniotic substrate administration.

Abstract Delivery of nutrients to the developing fetal gastrointestinal tract has been advocated as a potential prenatal treatment for intrauterine growth retardation. To examine the effect of intrauterine nutrient administration on the uptake capacity of the intestine, 16 maternal rabbits underwent bilateral ovarian-end transamniotic catheter placement on gestational Day 24. Study fetuses received a galactose solution; the contralateral controls received mannitol, a physiologically inert carbohydrate. Infusions were continued until Day 30 when an everted sleeve technique was used to measure radiolabeled uptake of both galactose and glucose in the proximal, middle, and distal small intestine. Mucosal scrapes were obtained, weighed, and the percentage of weight was calculated. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and Student's t test with P
On conservation laws for dissipative systems

Abstract In this brief note, a new methodology is advanced with the aim of establishing conservation laws for dissipative systems described by partial differential equations. This methodology extends Noether's celebrated first theorem, which is applicable only to systems governed by equations derivable variationally from a Lagrangian. Several simple, yet non-trivial, examples serve to illustrate the proposed procedure.
Frequency discrimination near the spectral edge of simultaneous and forward maskers

The effects of the presence of an amplitude discontinuity in the spectrum of a noise masker on frequency discrimination performance were examined. First, detection thresholds as a function of masker level were obtained for pure‐tone signals masked by either simultaneous or forward white and low‐pass maskers. Then frequency discrimination thresholds were obtained using four masker levels that were chosen to yield predetermined masked thresholds, with signal levels corresponding to each of three sensation levels above these masked thresholds. The principal results indicate that frequency discrimination is poorer in simultaneous low‐pass noise than in simultaneous white noise, and that this difference in performance increases with increasing sensation level and with increasing masker level. These results are inconsistent with an explanation based on the pitches generated at spectral edges (‘‘edge pitch’’), pitch shifts, or disruption of phase‐locking information, but are generally consistent with an explanation based on lateral suppression. It is proposed that a release from suppression may occur in filtered noise backgrounds at high noise levels and at high sensation levels. The reduced suppression may result in poorer frequency discrimination due, in part, to reduced signal detectability.
Interplanting alfalfa as a source of Metaseiulus occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for managing spider mites in cotton

Abstract Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), plots were established in 1988 and 1989 with an alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae), strip at one edge to determine whether alfalfa could serve as a source of the western predatory mite, Metaseiulus (= Typhlodromus = Galandromus) occidentalis Nesbitt (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Western predatory mites were released into the alfalfa early in the season. Spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) and western predatory mite density was monitored in alfalfa and in cotton at varying distances from alfalfa. Western predatory mite successfully established populations in alfalfa in both 1988 and 1989. Western predatory mite density was significantly higher close to alfalfa early in the season, indicating that alfalfa was the source. Average seasonal spider mite density was significantly lower close to the alfalfa. Spider mites were effectively controlled and cotton yield was higher adjacent to alfalfa in 1989 but not in 1988. Our results indicate that there is potential in the use of alfalfa as a nursery crop for enhancing western predatory mites in agricultural systems.
Handling knowledge in high order neural networks: the combinatorial neural model

Summary form only given, as follows. A description is given of the combinatorial neural model, a high-order neural network suitable for classification tasks. The model is based on fuzzy set theory, neural sciences studies, and expert knowledge analysis results. It presents interesting properties such as modularity, explanation capacity, knowledge and data representation, high speed of training, incremental learning, generalization capacity, processing of uncertain and incomplete data, and ability to reason nonmonotonically when representing only relevant evidence, and graceful decay. >
Computer simulations help determine safe vertical boom speeds for roof bolting in underground coal mines.

Abstract Problem Incident investigation reports do not usually contain enough information to aid in studying boom arm vertical speed for roof bolting machines to determine the impact that appendage speed had on an operator's risk of experiencing a contact. Laboratory experiments with human subjects are also not feasible because of safety and ethical issues. Method Researchers successfully developed a three-dimensional computer model that uses virtual human simulation software as the primary means to gather contact data when the boom arm touches the operator's hand, arm, head, or leg. Results Data analysis of roof bolter simulations shows that the speed of the boom arm is the most important factor in determining the risk of an operator making contact. Regardless of other variables, contact incidents were always greater when the bolter arm was moving up, greater on the hand, and greater for the boom arm part of the machine. The reason why the subject experiences more contacts when the boom arm is moving up rather than down is that more risky behaviors occur during drilling and bolting when the boom arm is ascending. Based on the data collected, boom speeds greater than 13 in/sec result in a substantial increase in risk to the roof bolter operator of making contact. Speeds less than or equal to 13 in/sec are associated with a more modest relative risk of making contact, which represents a decrease in potential hazard. Impact on Industry The use of such information can be quite helpful in making recommendations to machine design and task procedures to reduce the likelihood that roof bolter operators will experience injury due to contact with a moving roof bolting machine's boom arm.
Mutism and cerebellar dysarthria after brain stem surgery: case report.

ABSTRACTTRANSIENT MUTISM RESOLVING to cerebellar speech after posterior fossa surgery is a well-recognized phenomenon, particularly in pediatric patients. The anatomic basis for this postoperative functional change is unclear but may reside in the dominant superior cerebellar hemisphere or the media
Enhanced synaptic effectiveness following prolonged changes in synaptic use.

Pour mieux etudier le rapport entre la diminution de l'utilisation chronique d'une synapse et son efficacite, l'amplitude de la reponse monosynaptique ascendante des fibres afferentes de Groupe I a ete mesuree plusieurs semaines apres tenotomie et deefferentation. La conclusion de cette etude est qu'une plus grande efficacite monosynaptique est associee a la diminution de l'utilisation des fibres afferentes du Groupe I.
Adipokines in MM: time to trim the fat

In this issue of Blood , Fowler et al provide new evidence that the adipokine adiponectin may be a therapeutic target in myeloma and myeloma-associated bone disease.[1][1] The global epidemic of obesity has been linked to several diseases such as metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and several
A successful purified diet for the culture of juvenile lobsters: The effect of lecithin

Abstract A purified diet that provides excellent survival (≥ 85%) and good growth of juvenile lobsters (Homarus americanus and H. americanus × H. gammarus hybrids) through 120 days is presented. When various natural foods (frozen shrimp tails, frozen mussel, frozen liver, and live Artemia salina) are substituted for the purified diet every fourth day, the Artemia supplement produces significantly greater increases in wet weight after 90 days of growth than the other supplements. The inclusion of soy lecithin in the purified diet is critical. Its absence reduces survival dramatically (55% survival within 30 days). Investigations reveal that different forms of lecithin have variable effectiveness and that choline, a significant constituent of lecithin, is probably not the active component. An optimal vitamin mix level for this artificial diet has been determined. The artificial diet has practical application for crustacean aquaculture.
A cooperative approach to support software deployment using the software dock

Software deployment is an evolving collection of interrelated processes such as release, install, adapt, reconfigure, update, activate, deactivate, remove, and retire. The connectivity of large networks, such as the Internet, is affecting how software deployment is performed. It is necessary to introduce new software deployment technologies that leverage this connectivity. The Software Dock framework creates a distributed, agent based deployment framework to support the ongoing cooperation and negotiation among software producers themselves and among software producers and software consumers. This deployment framework is enabled by the use of a standardized deployment schema for describing software systems, called the Deployable Software Description (DSD) format. The Software Dock also employs agents to traverse between software producers and consumers in order to perform software deployment activities by interpreting the descriptions of software systems. The Software Dock infrastructure allows software producers to offer their customers high level deployment services that were previously not possible.
Using shocks to school enrollment to estimate the effect of school size on student achievement

Abstract Previous studies of the connection between school enrollment size and student achievement use cross-sectional econometric models and thus do not account for unobserved heterogeneity across schools. To address this concern, I utilize school-level panel data, and generate first-differences estimates of the effect of school size on achievement. Moreover, to account for the possibility that trends in both achievement and enrollment size are jointly determined, I exploit shocks to enrollment provided by school openings, closings, and mergers in a two-stage-least-squares estimation. The results suggest that smaller schools increase both math scores and attendance rates and that the benefit of smaller schools outweigh the cost.
Surface enhancement of lanthanide emission

Luminescent emission from lanthanide complexes on silver island films has been studied. Silver films with and without silica spacer layers have been prepared chemically and by thermal vacuum deposition. Enhancement of emission from lanthanide complexes on silver compared to that on bare glass depends on the optical density of the silver films (silver coverage) and sample coverage. A silica spacer layer reduces the number of molecules in quenching regions of the film and leads to better enhancement. Lanthanides with lower quantum efficiencies are expected to exhibit greater enhancement factors and our preliminary results are consistent with that prediction.
Elemental composition of the perivitelline fluid in early Drosophila embryos

Samples of the perivitelline fluid in the polar pockets of preblastoderm Drosophila embryos were analyzed with an electron microprobe, and the results compared with analyses of adult hemolymph. The concentrations of sodium, magnesium, calcium, chlorine, and phosphorus are about the same in these two fluids; but potassium and sulfur are three to four times higher in perivitelline fluid. Moreover, the concentrations of these elements in the anterior and posterior pockets of the same embryos were compared. The former five elements seem to be about 10% more concentrated in the anterior pocket; but the latter two show no significant difference between pockets.
ON THE CORRELATION OF PRIMARY ROOT LENGTH, MERISTEM SIZE AND PROTOXYLEM TRACHEARY ELEMENT POSITION IN PEA SEEDLINGS

Pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) were darkgrown in vermiculite. Roots of various lengths were cleared, stained and measured to determine the relative meristem height (MH), width and volume and the distance to the most proximal protoxylem tracheary element (PTE). A correlation was found between root length, MH and PTE position as follows: in roots from 4-40 mm as the root elongated the MH lengthened and PTE position increased its distance from the body/cap juncture; in roots 40-80 mm MH and PTE position remained approximately constant; in longer roots (80-120 mm) MH became shorter, and PTE position closer to the tip as the root elongated. The relationship, using our measurement procedure was that for every 0.19 mm change in MH, the PTE position changed by 1 mm. This response was partially growth rate dependent since short roots (4-80 mm) grew at a constant rate and longer roots (80-140 mm) grew slower. Root manipulations and trifluralin treatment, to inhibit cell division, caused tip swelling and modulated the position of the PTE toward the root tip. The control of the spatial relationship between meristem size and maturation position is discussed.
Case report 303

Franges sunoviales syprapatellaires et synovite villonodulaire pigmentee limitee a la source suprapatellaire
The frequency dependence of sound radiation from mobile dislocation walls

Abstract Macroscopic re-radiated plane waves from microscopic dislocation sources oscillating in a narrow slip band have been produced and detected in LiF and NaCl crystals in the 5–110 MHz frequency range. The observed waves were shown to depend upon the dislocation motion through their dependence on the orientation of the exciting waves and their dependence on the number of pinning points on the dislocation lines during γ-irradiation of LiF and NaCl. The quantitative values of the re-radiated wave amplitudes were shown to be in good agreement with the values given by the model of the vibrating string for the dislocation displacements, both in the low frequency or frequency independent region and in the high frequency or ω −1 frequency region of the displacement. Since the measured re-radiated amplitudes were as large as is permitted by the vibrating string model, dislocation-dislocation interactions could not play an important role in limiting the dislocation motion for this configuration of dislocations.
Cell Fate Decisions in a Human Retinal Precursor Cell Line: Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor- and Transforming Growth Factor-α-Mediated Differentiation

The purpose of this study was to determine if immortalized human retinal precursor cells could serve as a model to investigate cues that modulate cell fate and differentiation. We investigated the effects of a variety of growth factors broadly but specifically tested the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) α in retinal cell differentiation and commitment. To determine the role of exogenously added growth factors in a human retinal precursor cell line (KGLDMSM), established from a first-trimester retina, cells were adapted to grow in a defined medium and exposed to a variety of trophic factors (epidermal growth factor [EGF], neuron growth factor [NGF], TGF α, TGF β, acidic FGF, and bFGF). Dose–response curves were developed to arrive at optimal concentrations. The neurotrophic potential of growth factors was determined by 3H-thymidine incorporation and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. The identity of the emerging neuronal phenotypes were determined by pha...
Modeling online participation in local governance

This is a two-page highlights summary of our three-year digital government project funded by the National Science Foundation (September 2004-2007). We summarize here the highlights from the first year and a half of the project (September 2004-December 2005). In addition to ongoing analysis of requirements and current technology use, we have administered a random sample household survey (N=717), the first of two rounds, and we conducted a series of focus groups on political participation and information technology use. Our biggest challenges are in designing tools that aggregate dispersed discussion among citizens about local concerns. We have been particularly focused on blogging, and on ways to make blogs of interest to a user easier to find and to join and to share.
Familial Resemblance of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Calcaneal Ultrasound Attenuation: The BMD in Mothers and Daughters Study

The familial resemblance in bone mineral density (BMD) and calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was examined in 207 mother-daughter pairs. Mothers were participants in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Three groups of daughters were recruited based on their maternal history of “fracture,” “low BMD” without fracture ( 0.67 g/cm2, t-score > −1.6). Data on other potentially heritable factors known to influence BMD and BUA were also collected. BMD was measured at the hip, spine, whole body, and calcaneus. Calcaneal BUA was assessed using the Walker-Sonix UBA 575. Total hip and femoral neck BMD were significantly lower (5.0–8.0%, p < 0.017) among daughters, in particular premenopausal daughters, of mothers with established osteoporosis (“fracture” or “low BMD”) compared with daughters of mothers at lower risk of osteoporosis (“normal BMD”). BUA did not differ across daughter groups. Lifestyle characteristics (dietary calcium, smoking, physical activity) were not highly correlated in mothers and daughters. Height, weight, and body composition were significantly correlated within mother-daughter pairs and could be a potential mechanism by which BMD is inherited. Among pre- and postmenopausal daughters, heritability estimates ranged from 50–63% and 34–48%, respectively. Heritability for calcaneal BUA (53%) was evident among postmenopausal daughters only. In conclusion, familial association in BMD was strongest among premenopausal daughters. Estimates of heritability suggest that maternal BMD and BUA are important independent predictors of BMD and BUA among daughters, reinforcing the importance of prevention and early intervention among women with a positive family history of osteoporosis. (J Bone Miner Res 1999;14: 102–110)
Progressive ataxia due to a missense mutation in a calcium-channel gene.

Summary We describe a family with severe progressive cerebellar ataxia involving the trunk, the extremities, and speech. The proband, who has prominent atrophy of the cerebellum, shown by magnetic resonance imaging, was confined to a wheelchair at the age of 44 years. Two sons have episodes of vertigo and ataxia that are not responsive to acetazolamide. Quantitative eye-movement testing showed a consistent pattern of abnormalities localizing to the cerebellum. Genotyping suggested linkage to chromosome 19p, and SSCP showed an aberrant migrating fragment in exon 6 of the calcium-channel gene CACNA1A, which cosegregated with the disease. Sequencing of exon 6 identified a G→A transposition in one allele, at nucleotide 1152, resulting in a predicted glycine-to-arginine substitution at codon 293. The CAG-repeat expansion associated with spinocerebellar ataxia 6 was not present in any family members. This family is unique in having a non–CAG-repeat mutation that leads to severe progressive ataxia. Since a great deal is known about the function of calcium channels, we speculate on how this missense mutation leads to the combination of clinical symptoms and signs.
Protein malnutrition in the domestic fowl induces alterations in adrenocortical cell adrenocorticotropin receptors.

Our previous work suggests that persistent protein malnutrition in immature domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) alters ACTH-adrenocortical cell interaction, possibly including ACTH receptors. To investigate this possibility, we measured some ACTH receptor parameters in isolated adrenocortical cells from normal and dietary protein-restricted domestic fowl. White Leghorn cockerels (2 weeks old) were fed isocaloric semipurified diets containing either 8% [low (L)] or 20% [normal (N)] soy protein for 4 weeks ad libitum. Cockerels were quickly killed by decapitation and exsanguination, and adrenal glands were removed and prepared for cell isolation. Highly enriched (>80% pure) adrenocortical cells (collagenase isolated, followed by separation on a Percoll continuous density gradient) were evaluated for ACTH receptors using pharmacological and radioligand approaches. In a pharmacological approach, we measured the influence of the complete, competitive antagonist, human (h) ACTH-(7–38) on hACTH-(l–39)-induc...
Murder, He Wrote: Introducing Christian Ethics through One Question in the Summa

. The topic of murder fascinates and haunts undergraduates just as it does our culture. But even as murder violently closes doors on a human life, as a topic of discussion it can also open minds, provoking, extending, and refining students' questions about the moral life, theologically and religiously understood. The aim of this essay is to explain how the brief treatment of murder found in Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica offers an extraordinary introduction to the entire field of Christian ethics. “Of Murder” (Aquinas 1920, II-II 64) may be suited to courses in theological, religious, or comparative ethics as well.
Ahsg-fetuin blocks the metabolic arm of insulin action through its interaction with the 95-kD β-subunit of the insulin receptor

Abstract We previously have shown that Ahsg, a liver glycoprotein, inhibits insulin receptor (InsR) tyrosine kinase (TK) activity and the ERK1/2 mitogenic signaling arm of insulin signaling. Here we show that Ahsg blocks insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and Akt activation in intact cells (mouse myoblasts). Furthermore, Ahsg inhibits InsR autophosphorylation of highly-purified insulin holoreceptors in a cell-free, ATP-dependent system, with an IC50 within the range of single-chain Ahsg concentrations in human serum. Binding of 125I-insulin to living cells overexpressing the InsR shows a dissociation constant (KD) of 250 pM, unaltered in the presence of 300 nM Ahsg. A mutant InsR cDNA encoding the signal peptide, the β-subunit and the furin processing site, but deleting the α-subunit, was stably expressed in HEK293 cells. Treatment with peroxovanadate, but not insulin, dramatically increased the 95 kD β-subunit tyrosine phosphoryation. The level of tyrosine phosphorylation of the 95-kD β-subunit can be driven down sharply by treatment of living HEK293 transfectant cells with physiological doses of Ahsg. Treatment of myogenic cells with Ahsg blunts insulin-stimulated InsR autophosphorylation and AKT phosphorylation. Taken together, we show that Ahsg antagonizes the metabolic functions initiated by InsR activation without interference in insulin binding. The experiments suggest a direct interaction of Ahsg with the InsR ectodomain β-subunit in a mode that does not significantly alter the high-affinity binding of insulin to the holoreceptor's two complementing α-subunits.