cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The strength of Turing determinacy within second order arithmetic

We investigate the reverse mathematical strength of Turing determinacy up to 0 which is itself not provable in second order arithmetic.
Evaluation of the Effect of Diagnostic Molecular Testing on the Surgical Decision-Making Process for Patients With Thyroid Nodules

Importance Diagnostic molecular testing is used in the workup of thyroid nodules. While these tests appear to be promising in more definitively assigning a risk of malignancy, their effect on surgical decision making has yet to be demonstrated. Objective To investigate the effect of diagnostic molecular profiling of thyroid nodules on the surgical decision-making process. Design, Setting, and Participants A surgical management algorithm was developed and published after peer review that incorporated individual Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology classifications with clinical, laboratory, and radiological results. This algorithm was created to formalize the decision-making process selected herein in managing patients with thyroid nodules. Between April 1, 2014, and March 31, 2015, a prospective study of patients who had undergone diagnostic molecular testing of a thyroid nodule before being seen for surgical consultation was performed. The recommended management undertaken by the surgeon was then prospectively compared with the corresponding one in the algorithm. Patients with thyroid nodules who did not undergo molecular testing and were seen for surgical consultation during the same period served as a control group. Main Outcomes and Measures All pertinent treatment options were presented to each patient, and any deviation from the algorithm was recorded prospectively. To evaluate the appropriateness of any change (deviation) in management, the surgical histopathology diagnosis was correlated with the surgery performed. Results The study cohort comprised 140 patients who underwent molecular testing. Their mean (SD) age was 50.3 (14.6) years, and 75.0% (105 of 140) were female. Over a 1-year period, 20.3% (140 of 688) had undergone diagnostic molecular testing before surgical consultation, and 79.7% (548 of 688) had not undergone molecular testing. The surgical management deviated from the treatment algorithm in 12.9% (18 of 140) with molecular testing and in 10.2% (56 of 548) without molecular testing ( P = .37). In the group with molecular testing, the surgical management plan of only 7.9% (11 of 140) was altered as a result of the molecular test. All but 1 of those patients were found to be overtreated relative to the surgical histopathology analysis. Conclusions and Relevance Molecular testing did not significantly affect the surgical decision-making process in this study. Among patients whose treatment was altered based on these markers, there was evidence of overtreatment.
Findings and Emerging Themes

Chapter 7 describes She findings and introduces the emerging core themes. The analysis begins to synthesize the findings with the background material highlighted in previous chapters. It includes data and analysis of the private and group interviews as well as the participants’ input, corrections, comments, and suggestions upon the sharing of data and analysis transcripts. Finally, the chapter incorporates Richard Osrner’s four tasks of practical theology with the emerging themes and wrestles with what they mean for religious education in the Korean American context as well as in the personal day-to-day lives of churched Korean American girls.
Factors affecting the success rate of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and the incidence of retained fragments

AbstractThe medical records of the first 210 patients treated with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy at our university medical center were reviewed. The data were analyzed in an attempt to define those factors that affect the success rate and incidence of retained fragments of these procedures.We found that stone location and extent, and to some degree stone size are the major factors affecting the success rate and incidence of retained stones. Chemical composition of the calculus, history of renal surgery and energy source used for stone removal have lesser roles.
EPICS-based control and data acquisition for the APS slope profiler(Conference Presentation)

The motion control, data acquisition and analysis system for APS Slope Measuring Profiler was implemented using the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). EPICS was designed as a framework with software tools and applications that provide a software infrastructure used in building distributed control systems to operate devices such as particle accelerators, large experiments and major telescopes. EPICS was chosen to implement the APS Slope Measuring Profiler because it is also applicable to single purpose systems. The control and data handling capability available in the EPICS framework provides the basic functionality needed for high precision X-ray mirror measurement. Those built in capabilities include hardware integration of high-performance motion control systems (3-axis gantry and tip-tilt stages), mirror measurement devices (autocollimator, laser spot camera) and temperature sensors. Scanning the mirror and taking measurements was accomplished with an EPICS feature (the sscan record) which synchronizes motor positioning with measurement triggers and data storage. Various mirror scanning modes were automatically configured using EPICS built-in scripting. EPICS tools also provide low-level image processing (areaDetector). Operation screens were created using EPICS-aware GUI screen development tools.
Maximum Likelihood Methods I

In dealing with the problem of estimating the parameters of a structural system of equations we had not, in previous chapters, explicitly stated the form of the density of the random terms appearing in the system. Indeed, the estimation aspects of classical least squares techniques and their generalization to systems of equations are distribution free, so that no explicit assumption need be made with respect to the distribution of the error terms beyond the assertion that they have mean zero and finite variance. Furthermore, the identification problem was treated rather indirectly, typically as a condition for the invertibility of certain matrices or for the existence of a solution to a certain set of equations; thus, the deeper significance of the problem may have escaped the reader.
Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Incidence With a National Lifestyle Change Program

Introduction Lifestyle change programs implemented within healthcare systems could reach many Americans, but their impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. The MOVE! program is the largest lifestyle change program implemented in a healthcare setting in the U.S. This study aimed to determine whether MOVE! participation was associated with reduced CVD incidence. Methods This retrospective cohort study, analyzed in 2013–2015, used national Veterans Health Administration databases to identify MOVE! participants and eligible non-participants for comparison (2005–2012). Patients eligible for MOVE!—obese or overweight with a weight-related health condition, and no baseline CVD—were examined (N=1,463,003). Of these, 169,248 (12%) were MOVE! participants. Patients were 92% male, 76% white, with mean age 52 years and BMI of 32. The main outcome was incidence of CVD (ICD-9 and procedure codes for coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure). Results Adjusting for age, race, sex, BMI, statin use, and baseline comorbidities, over a mean 4.9 years of follow-up, MOVE! participation was associated with lower incidence of total CVD (hazard ratio [HR]=0.83, 95% CI=0.80, 0.86); coronary artery disease (HR=0.81, 95% CI=0.77, 0.86); cerebrovascular disease (HR=0.87, 95% CI=0.82, 0.92); peripheral vascular disease (HR=0.89, 95% CI=0.83, 0.94); and heart failure (HR=0.78, 95% CI=0.74, 0.83). The association between MOVE! participation and CVD incidence remained significant when examined across categories of race/ethnicity, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, smoking status, and statin use. Conclusions Although participation was limited, MOVE! was associated with reduced CVD incidence in a nationwide healthcare setting.
The cultural politics of religious defiance in Islam: how pseudonyms and media can destigmatize

ABSTRACTReligious defiance that results in publicly leaving religion (apostasy) is an enormous taboo in Arab communities despite the recent surge in apostates’ numbers. Drawing from research on stigma, apostasy, authorship, and critical studies, I explore how a transnational Arab community, which emerges in the crossfire among democratizing politics of self-expression, regulation of public identity by digital technologies, and vast opposition networks, uses digital technologies and the politics of naming to destigmatize its identity. Extending the literatures of stigma and apostasy to ex-Muslims, I conclude that this case reveals religious and nonreligious Arabs’ common struggle against violence and the need for structural changes to protect digital technologies’ emancipatory potential.
Restoring auditory cortex plasticity in adult mice by restricting thalamic adenosine signaling

Circuits in the auditory cortex are highly susceptible to acoustic influences during an early postnatal critical period. The auditory cortex selectively expands neural representations of enriched acoustic stimuli, a process important for human language acquisition. Adults lack this plasticity. Here we show in the murine auditory cortex that juvenile plasticity can be reestablished in adulthood if acoustic stimuli are paired with disruption of ecto-5′-nucleotidase–dependent adenosine production or A 1 –adenosine receptor signaling in the auditory thalamus. This plasticity occurs at the level of cortical maps and individual neurons in the auditory cortex of awake adult mice and is associated with long-term improvement of tone-discrimination abilities. We conclude that, in adult mice, disrupting adenosine signaling in the thalamus rejuvenates plasticity in the auditory cortex and improves auditory perception.
Abstract TP105: Short-Term Intraventricular Infusion of IGF-1 Following Stroke Decreases Behavioral Phenotypes of Depression in a Rat Ischemic Stroke Model

Background: Post stroke depression effects over one third of stroke survivors and adversely effects recovery. When left untreated, post stroke depression can lead to an increase in mortality rates, poorer prognosis, and a decrease in the quality of life during recovery. The peptide hormone insulin like growth factor IGF-1 has been shown in short term studies to reduced infarct volume and suppress inflammatory proteins, when measured 24h and 5d after stroke. We hypothesized that acute IGF-1 treatment will reduce the incidence of post stroke depression and will in turn improve long term recovery from stroke. Methods: Middle aged (12 mo) female rats were used for these studies. All animals were pre-tested for sucrose preference and burrowing behavior and then subject to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). At 4h post-stroke, animals were randomly assigned to receive an intraventricular infusion of IGF-1 or artificial CSF control for 7 days. Animals were monitored for 5-9 weeks post stroke for survival and tested periodically for sucrose preference and burrowing (measures of anhedonia), and social interaction. Results: Sucrose preference, measured at d10, 20, 30 post stroke was reduced in both groups following stroke, however there was a significant effect of IGF-1, such that sucrose preference was better preserved in IGF-1 treated animals as compared to controls. In the case of burrowing activity, which is a species typical behavior, control animals showed a decline in burrowing activity over day 10 to day 60 post stroke, while IGF-1 treated animals showed no significant decline. Social interaction at 60 days post stroke, as measured by time spent with a conspecific, was significantly reduced in control animals as compared to IGF-1 treated animals. Mortality among IGF-1-treated animals was 16.6% while mortality among vehicle treated animals was 38.8%. Kaplan Maier analysis of post stroke survival indicated a trend toward decreased mortality due to IGF-1 treatment (p Conclusion: The present data shows that behavioral phenotypes of depression are improved in IGF-1 treated animals. The data suggest that short term post-stroke IGF-1 treatment can exert beneficial effects on long term disability such as post stroke depression.
Characterization of the Functional Variance in MbtH-like Protein Interactions with a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase

Many nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) require MbtH-like proteins (MLPs) for solubility or for activation of amino acid substrate by the adenylation domain. MLPs are capable of functional crosstalk with non-cognate NRPSs at varying levels. Using enterobactin biosynthesis in Escherichia coli as a model MLP-dependent NRPS system, we use in vivo and in vitro techniques to characterize how seven non-cognate MLPs influence the function of the enterobactin NRPS EntF when the cognate MLP, YbdZ, is absent. Using a series of in vitro assays to analyze EntF solubility, adenylation, aminoacylation and in vitro enterobactin production, we show that interactions between MLPs and NRPSs are multifaceted and more complex than previously appreciated. We separate MLP influence on solubility and function in a manner that shows altered solubility is not indicative of a functional MLP/NRPS pair. Although much of the functional variation among these noncognates can be explained by differences in EntF affinity for an MLP...
Putting Learning into Practice: Integrating Social Media, Crowd Learning, and #ColinKaepernick in an Introductory African American History Class

African American history is indeed a dynamic discipline that can be used as a framework to understand the present lives of African Americans as well as the broader American society. As a university professor who values social media as a useful tool in the traditional classroom, I am most interested in using it in my introductory African American history course to make history relevant to my students, especially since a social media post accompanied with a popular hash tag has the ability go viral and reach a wider audience than a traditional academic paper. Many instructors are looking for opportunities to engage students in social and intellectual discourse about history. This article will deconstruct social media posts associated with the hash tag Colin Kaepernick or the like as a teaching strategy to help students enrolled in an introductory African American history course. The idea is to put their learning into practice by encouraging them to actively engage with others on topics relevant to the course content. This article will demonstrate that although the discourse surrounding Kaepernick is polarizing, it is an excellent pedagogical strategy to help students put their learning into practice and engage with a wider audience on topics discussed in an introductory African American history course.
Four languages and lots of macros: analyzing autotools build systems

Build systems are crucial for software system development, however there is a lack of tool support to help with their high maintenance overhead. GNU Autotools are widely used in the open source community, but users face various challenges from its hard to comprehend nature and staging of multiple code generation steps, often leading to low quality and error-prone build code. In this paper, we present a platform, AutoHaven, to provide a foundation for developers to create analysis tools to help them understand, maintain, and migrate their GNU Autotools build systems. Internally it uses approximate parsing and symbolic analysis of the build logic. We illustrate the use of the platform with two tools: ACSense helps developers to better understand their build systems and ACSniff detects build smells to improve build code quality. Our evaluation shows that AutoHaven can support most GNU Autotools build systems and can detect build smells in the wild.
A 24-year exploratory spatial data analysis of Lyme disease incidence rate in Connecticut, USA

Despite efforts to control Lyme disease in Connecticut, USA, it remains endemic in many towns, posing a heavy burden. We examined changes in the spatial distribution of significant spatial clusters of Lyme disease incidence rates at the town level from 1991 to 2014 as an approach for targeted interventions. Lyme disease data were grouped into four discrete time periods and incidence rates were smoothed with Empirical Bayes estimation in GeoDa. Local clustering was measured using a local indicator of spatial autocorrelation (LISA). Elliptic spatial scan statistics (SSS) in different shapes and directions were also performed in SaTScan. The accuracy of these two cluster detection methods was assessed and compared for sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy. There was significant clustering during each period and significant clusters persisted predominantly in western and eastern parts of the state. Generally, the SSS method was more sensitive, while LISA was more specific with higher overall accuracy in identifying clusters. Even though the location of clusters changed over time, some towns were persistently (across all four periods) identified as clusters in LISA and their neighbouring towns (three of four periods) in SSS suggesting these regions should be prioritized for targeted interventions.
A 0.2V-to-5V fully-integrated reconfigurable buck/boost switched-capacitor voltage regulator for self-powered wireless sensors

This paper presents a wide-input, fully-integrated switched-capacitor voltage regulator with multiple conversion ratios (CRs) for self-powered wireless sensors. To reduce design complexity, the paper proposes to design a standard unit cell as the fundamental element to construct step-down or step-up voltage conversions flexibly. Detailed power loss breakdown of the unit cell assists to optimize power devices for high efficiency. Employing only 3 unit cells, a prototype design achieves 11 step-down and 10 step-up voltage conversions for an input voltage range from 0.2V to 5V. A simple single-bound hysteretic control is employed to regulate the output voltage at 1.2V. The proposed switched-capacitor voltage regulator supports the maximum load current of 10mA and achieves a peak efficiency of 80.5%.
Robotic Y-V Plasty for Recalcitrant Bladder Neck Contracture

Objective To demonstrate the technique and the outcomes of robot assisted Y-V plasty bladder neck reconstruction (RYVBNR). Methods We present our technique for treatment of recalcitrant bladder neck contracture (BNC) in 7 patients who underwent RYVBNR at our institution between March 2016 and September 2017. Indication for the procedure was incomplete emptying, recurrent urinary tract infections, and dysuria. On follow-up, patients were assessed for clinical success by absence of infections, symptoms, and cystoscopic evaluation. Robotic assisted dissection is performed to open the space of Retzius and mobilize the bladder. The cystoscope is passed to the level of the BNC, and Firefly technology is used to localize the BNC. The BNC is incised anteriorly, and a V-shaped bladder flap is advanced into the BNC in a Y-V plasty fashion. We place a perioperative closed suction drain, which is removed before discharge, and a 22 Fr catheter, which that will be removed in the office at approximately 2 weeks. Results Six men developed recalcitrant BNCs and 1 developed a recalcitrant vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis. All patients had previously undergone an endoscopic procedure. Median time for last attempt at endoscopic management to robot-assisted bladder neck repair was 4.7 months. The average number of prior attempts at endoscopic management was 2. All patients underwent RYVBNR without conversion to open surgery. The median operative time was 240 minutes, estimated blood loss was 67 mL, and length of stay was 1 day. There were no intraoperative complications. Catheters were removed in the office at a median time of 15 days. At a median follow-up of 8 months, all cases were successful with no evidence of recurrence. Only 2 patients had persistent urinary incontinence at 1 pad per day. Conclusion RYVBNR with a Y-V plasty is a feasible and effective technique for managing a difficult reconstructive problem.
Upending Hegemonic Masculinity in Soror Maria do Céu’s Clavel, y Rosa

While most early modern authors align themselves with normative views on gender, Soror Maria do Ceu (1658-1753) resists and subverts this tradition in her play Clavel, y Rosa, breve comedia aludida a los desposorios de Maria y Joseph (Carnation and Rose, a brief play on the marriage of Mary and Joseph, 1736). She achieves this in part by creating "feminine" male characters and assigning "masculine" characteristics to her female characters. Soror Maria affords more power and authority to women in her comedia , and she likewise undermines the validity of early modern social expectations related to men and masculinity by scrutinizing gender norms. In the end, Soror Maria creates a space of negotiation between the masculine and the feminine that allows for a reassessment of what it meant to be a man in late seventeenth-century Iberia.
Identification Using Encrypted Biometrics

Biometric identification is a challenging subject among computer vision scientists. The idea of substituting biometrics for passwords has become more attractive after powerful identification algorithms have emerged. However, in this regard, the confidentiality of the biometric data becomes of a serious concern. Biometric data needs to be securely stored and processed to guarantee that the user privacy and confidentiality is preserved. In this paper, a method for biometric identification using encrypted biometrics is presented, where a method of search over encrypted data is applied to manage the identification. Our experiments of facial identification demonstrate the effective performance of the system with a proven zero information leakage.
A KINETIC INVESTIGATION OF LIVER MICROSOMAL MIXED FUNCTION AMINE OXIDASE

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a kinetic investigation study of liver microsomal mixed function amine oxidase. The liver microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase (MFMO) (E.C.1.14.13.8) has been shown to have a wide substrate specificity, which includes secondary and tertiary amines, mercaptans, and thioureylenes, many of which are drugs and carcinogens. This chapter discusses a mechanism for this enzyme based upon both steady-state and rapid kinetic studies. In studies described in the chapter, MFMO was isolated from fresh hog livers. Both steady-state and rapid kinetic studies were carried out on a computerized stopped-flow apparatus. Results show that substrate greatly increases the rate of both NADPH and O2 consumption by MFMO in normal assays. A large increase in reduction rate is observed upon addition of substrate or substrate analogs. However, substrate has no effect on the reduction rate of the flavin in MFMO. This fact coupled with the absence of any kind of perturbation of the oxidized enzyme spectrum by substrate led to the conclusion that substrate binds after FAD reduction.
Conditional Identity and Irregular Parts: Aron Gurwitsch’s Gestalt-Theoretic Revision of the Stumpf-Husserl Conception of Independence

Three profound points of agreement between Aron Gurwitsch and Husserl were enough to earn Gurwitsch the title Husserlian. First, Gurwitsch accepted Husserl’s theory of intentionality generally, and Husserl’s tripartite distinction between: a) the mental act of attention (Vorstellung/Noesis), b) the sense of the act (Sinn, Noema, object as intended), c) and the referent of the act (Gegenstand, object which is intended) [6: 173–75; 7: 124–40; 8: 227–55].
The Cellular Localization of Particulate Iron

There is considerable behavioral evidence which suggests that a number of diverse species of animals (homing pigeons, warblers, salmon, salamanders, honeybees) are able to detect weak earth-strength magnetic fields and that they may be able to use this information for orientation. While other navigational clues have been proposed, e.g., olfaction (see Papi, 1982), the data suggest that some animals can sense magnetic fields. The identity and character of the sensory system that is involved in this “new” sense, however, is unknown. The discovery of magnetotactic bacteria by Blakemore (1975) and his colleagues suggested that an iron oxide, specifically magnetite, could be involved in the sensory transduction process. The observation that magnetite is also found in the abdomen of the honeybee (Gould et al., 1978) and the head of the homing pigeon (Walcott et al., 1979) gave impetus to the notion that magnetite could be of general importance in magnetic field sensitivity. Thus, in principle, if one could localize magnetite in a cellular system that satisfied certain requirements for a sensory system, one might be able to localize the sensory system responsible for magnetic field detection.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Alterations in Pregnancy and Eclampsia

The composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been studied extensively, and standardized normal values have been well documented.22, 23, 43, 67b,68,69 During pregnancy, profound adaptive changes take place that may produce alterations in CSF. However, a paucity of data is available concerning CSF during normal pregnancy. Even less information exists regarding the effects of pregnancy-induced hypertension on CSF. This chapter will review the CSF alterations associated with normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension. In addition, CSF abnormalities secondary to pregnancy-induced hypertension are compared to those present in pregnancies complicated by idiopathic seizure disorders and chronic hypertension.
In-situ Simulation in the Congenital Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (ccicu): A Quality Improvement Initiative

Introduction/Background. With the now emerging adult congenital heart disease population, we have established a Congenital Cardiac ICU (CCICU) with majority pediatric and some adult congenital heart disease population in an urban tertiary care institution. With this mixed population, in-situ simulation provides a feasible platform for improvement in team dynamics. Based on crisis resource management and resilience engineering from the aviation industry we built this on the principle of arrest in CCICU patient being an irregular threat; one that could be anticipated and imagined but still rare. The response to this threat requires an improvisation of a routine response. Critical care teams perform many activities where effective communication is crucial for ensuring patient safety …
“I'd rather beg for forgiveness than ask for permission”: Sexuality education teachers' mediated agency and resistance

Abstract This study explores sexuality education teachers' identities and examines the ways in which teachers' experiences mediate their agency and resistance in classrooms. Using grounded theory methodology, the study explores the identities and experiences of school-based sexuality education teachers throughout the United States. Findings suggest that the teachers rely on a unique sense of identity in order to justify challenging the regulatory and policy limitations to their curricula. The study illustrates how agency is mediated by individual social location and experience.
The Terezita Romo Papers: Capturing the Spirit of Collective Action in Archives

This article addresses the Terezita Romo Papers, one of a handful of archival collections of the Royal Chicano Air Force—a large collective of young, mostly immigrant or first-generation Mexican American artists and activists who produced countless community events and art projects and programs in Sacramento, California during the second half of the twentieth century. While membership of the Royal Chicano Air Force (RCAF) and its activities are hard to calculate, its history has been shaped by a tendency towards iconization of the group’s male founders in archival description. Specifically, where collections are described to highlight the unique contributions of individuals, it is difficult to retain and promote the collective voice of action which made so many of these movements successful. Using the papers of Tere Romo, one member of the RCAF, this paper looks at how the archives of the RCAF have tended towards iconization—overshadowing the contributions of its female members—and explores ways in which archivists can reconsider the language of archives when processing and describing materials documenting collective action in American history. A correction article relating to this publication can be found here: http://doi.org/10.5334/kula.62/
Growing old in the age of heterogeneity: the perils of shifting clonality.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are functionally heterogeneous in a clone-specific manner. The complexity of that heterogeneous mix of cells is progressively lost with age as a myeloid-dominant hematopoietic system is established. Yet, the function of this diversity, as well as the consequences of its loss, remains unknown. This review will bring together recent advances in HSC diversity and novel insights into myeloid heterogeneity and specification in order to bring focus on how this may affect the ageing individual. RECENT FINDINGS The ageing haematopoietic system is dominated by a low number of active HSC clones that produce an excess of myeloid cells. In addition, individual myeloid progenitors and their mature progeny are proving to be more functionally restricted than previously recognized. The presence or absence of a particular type of myeloid cell can greatly affect the outcome of various pathological processes. SUMMARY Myeloid cells are important drivers of many ageing-associated diseases. The loss of HSC heterogeneity, with a possible concomitant restriction of myeloid cell diversity, could significantly impact health during ageing.
A Transactive Energy Framework for Coordinated Energy Management of Networked Microgrids With Distributionally Robust Optimization

Networked microgrids (MGs) are considered as an emerging grid design for the future distribution system (DS). The coordination of the networked MGs is critical in order to further enhance the operation efficiency and reliability of the system. In this paper, a transactive energy (TE) framework is proposed for the coordinated energy management of networked MGs in DS. Instead of direct coordination signals and fixed pricing schemes, the distribution network operator (DNO) organizes a transactive market with the MGs to coordinate the energy management in the operation. Further, a distributionally robust optimization (DRO)-based algorithm is developed to provide a robust solution of the detailed scheduling decisions in the proposed TE framework under uncertainty without being too conservative. Case studies with the proposed framework were conducted with the IEEE 33-bus system with three MGs and the IEEE 123-bus system with nine MGs. The results of the case studies show that the proposed TE-based framework can effectively coordinate the energy scheduling of the MGs. The operational cost of the DS is reduced significantly. Meanwhile, the proposed DRO-based algorithm provides a robust but not over-conservative solution for the operation decisions of the DNO and MGs in the proposed framework.
Impact of Early Mobilization in the Intensive Care Unit on Psychological Issues

Early mobilization is an intervention protocol that can be employed in the critically ill population to effectively reduce the risks and consequences normally associated with immobility in high-acuity patients. In turn, rate and quality of recovery are improved as well as overall patient outcomes. Although there are many challenges inherent to the implementation of an early mobilization program, success of such a program is achievable through structured education of staff and diligence in its application. As a result, staff and patient experience the benefits of medical treatment that addresses a patient's immediate needs without ignoring that treatment's long-term effect.
Reverberation Measurements of Quasars and the Size-Mass-Luminosity Relations in Active Galactic Nuclei

A 7.5 years spectrophotometric monitoring program of 28 Palomar-Green quasars to determine the size of their broad emission line region (BLR) is reviewed. We find both the continuum and the emission line fluxes of all quasars to vary during this period. Seventeen objects has adequate sampling for reverberation mapping and in all of them we find the Balmer line variations to lag those of the continuum by ~100 days. This study increases the available luminosity range for studying the size-mass-luminosity relations in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by two orders of magnitude and doubles the number of objects suitable for such studies. Combining our results with data available for Seyfert 1 galaxies, we find the BLR size to scale with the rest-frame 5100 A luminosity as L^{0.70 +/- 0.03}. This result is different from previous studies, and suggests that the effective ionization parameter in AGNs may be a decreasing function of luminosity. We are also able to constrain, subject to the assumption that gravity dominates the motions of the BLR gas, the scaling relation between the mass of the central black hole and the AGN's luminosity. We find that the central mass scales with the 5100 A luminosity as M\proptoL^{0.5 +/- 0.1}. A program to monitor 11 high-luminosity quasars is presented here for the first time. Preliminary results from this program indicate continuum variation of order of 0.1 mag in all objects. We illustrate the importance and feasibility of monitoring those objects spectrophotometrically. When this program will be completed reverberation mapping studies will cover the entire AGNs luminosity range from 10^{41} to 10^{48} ergs/s.
Overexpression of HLA class I predominantly on alpha cell in at risk individuals for type 1 diabetes

Human leukocyte antigens of class-I (HLA-I) molecules are hyper-expressed in insulin-containing islets (ICI) of type 1 diabetic (T1D) donors. This study investigated the HLA-I expression in autoantibody positive (AAB+) donors and more closely defined its intra-islet and intracellular localization as well as proximity to infiltrating CD8 T cells with high-resolution confocal microscopy. We found HLA-I hyper-expression had already occurred prior to clinical diagnosis of T1D in islets of AAB+ donors. Interestingly, throughout all stages of disease, HLA-I was mostly expressed by alpha cells. Hyper-expression in AAB+ and T1D donors was associated with intra-cellular accumulation in the Golgi. Proximity analysis showed a moderate but significant correlation between HLA-I and infiltrating CD8 T cells only in ICI of T1D donors, but not in AAB+ donors. These observations not only demonstrate a very early, islet-intrinsic immune-independent increase of HLA-I during diabetes pathogenesis, but also point towards a role for alpha cells in T1D.
Using an Ecojustice Perspective to Inform Science Teacher Recruitment and Retention in the Rural Black Belt Region of Georgia

This article highlights the significance of using ecojustice theory in scholarly discussions regarding issues of science teaching and learning in rural communities of the Southeastern United States. We offer an explanation of how ecojusticetheory provides a new way to look at often studied issues surrounding education in rural communities. This article specifically addresses the issue of science teacher recruitment and retention and draws attention to some of the emergingtensions faced by educators in the Black Belt region of Georgia.
Analysis for delamination initiation in postbuckled dropped-ply laminates

The compression strength of dropped-ply, graphite-epoxy laminated plates for the delamination mode of failure is studied by analysis and corroborated with experiments. The nonlinear response of the test specimens is modeled by a geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis. The methodology for predicting delamination is based on a quadratic interlaminar stress criterion evaluated at a characteristic distance from the ply drop-off. The compression strength of specimens exhibiting a linear response is greater than the compression strength of specimens with the same layup exhibiting a geometrically nonlinear response. The analyses for both linear and nonlinear response show that severe interlaminar stress gradients occur in the interfaces at the drop-off because of the thickness/stiffness discontinuity. However, these interlaminar stress distributions are altered in the geometrically nonlinear response such that, with increasing load, their growth at the center of the laminate is retarded while their growth near the unloaded supported edge is increased.
GLUT1 Expression in Cutaneous Sebaceous Lesions Determined by Immunohistochemical Staining Patterns

GLUT1 is a membrane associated carrier protein that functions in the physiologic transport of glucose across cell membranes. Multiple studies have shown an increased GLUT1 expression in various tumor types and a role in cancer prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether cutaneous sebaceous lesions have a differential expression of GLUT1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). GLUT1 IHC was performed on excision specimens of ten cases of sebaceous carcinoma, nine of sebaceoma, ten of sebaceous adenoma, and ten of sebaceous hyperplasia. Intense, diffuse cytoplasmic staining was observed in sebaceous carcinoma. The pattern of GLUT1 staining in sebaceomas and sebaceous adenomas consisted of a gradient of intense cytoplasmic staining in the basaloid cells with a decreased intensity to membranous staining only and absent staining in mature sebaceous cells. In lesions of sebaceous hyperplasia, GLUT1 staining outlined the basal layer of each gland; cytoplasmic staining was minimal to absent. Increased cytoplasmic staining of GLUT1 may correlate with cellular metabolic and proliferative activity. GLUT1 has potential utility in differentiating sebaceous lesions.
Targeted Reactivation of X-linked Endogenous FOXP3 Gene from X-chromosome Inactivation in Human Female Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract Unlike autosomal tumor suppressors, which must be inactivated by a two-hit Knudson mechanism, X-linked tumor suppressors can be inactivated by a single hit due to X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). Here, we argue that targeted reactivation of the non-mutated allele from XCI offers a potential therapy for female breast cancers. Towards this goal, we developed a dual CRISPR interference and activation (CRISPRi/a) approach for simultaneously silencing and reactivating multiple X-linked genes using two orthogonal, nuclease-deficient CRISPR/Cas9 (dCas9) proteins. We verified the efficacy for use of Streptococcus pyogenes (Sp) dCas9-KRAB for silencing XIST and Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) dCas9-VPR for activating FOXP3 in various cell lines of human female breast cancers. We confirmed CRISPR reactivation of the non-mutated copy of FOXP3 from XCI in human breast cancer CRL2316 cells, which express a synonymous heterozygous mutation (p.L266L; c.798G>C) in the coding region of FOXP3. Further, simultaneous silencing of XIST from XCI led to enhanced and prolonged FOXP3 reactivation. We optimized CRISPRa by fusing SadCas9 to the demethylase TET1 and observed enhanced FOXP3 activation. Analysis of the conserved CpG-rich region of FOXP3 intron 1 confirmed that CRISPRi/a-mediated simultaneous FOXP3 activation and XIST silencing were accompanied by elevated H4 acetylation, including H4K5ac, H4K8ac, and H4K16ac, and H3K4me3 and lower DNA methylation. This indicates that CRISPRi/a targeting to XIST and FOXP3 loci alters their transcription and their nearby epigenetic modifications. The simultaneous activation and repression of the X-linked, endogenous FOXP3 and XIST from XCI offers a useful research tool and a potential therapeutic for female breast cancers. This approach also provides new routes of targeted therapy for other X-chromosome-linked genetic disorders.
Understanding knowledge gaps and perceived barriers to follow up after abnormal Pap smear among low-income women in NYC: a qualitative study

Objectives: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease with disproportionate morbidity and mortality among low-income, minority populations. Non-adherence to follow up and treatment after abnormal cervical cancer screening is a major contributor to these disparities and is an ideal time to intervene. The purpose of this study was to identify knowledge gaps and perceived barriers to follow up after abnormal pap smear among low-income women to inform development of a web-based intervention. Methods: Women with a history of abnormal pap smear were approached at a New York City (NYC) colposcopy clinic serving low-income patients (determined by government subsidized insurance) to participate in structured interviews. A topic guide was developed to assess knowledge about cervical cancer screening, treatment of abnormal pap smears, and perceived barriers surrounding appropriate follow up. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, consisting of an initial demographic survey followed by open-ended and probing questions. Responses were coded by 3 independent investigators and placed into a single framework with 3 overarching categories: intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community barriers. Major themes and subthemes were identified under this framework. After initial independent coding, all discrepancies were discussed, and coders reached perfect agreement. Results: 24 women were enrolled and 15 (62.5%) completed full interviews. The mean age of those who completed interviews was 38.3 years (range: 21-64). Self-identified race was Hispanic (66.7%), White (36.7%), and Black (6.7%), and 46.7% of patients had an annual income of Download : Download high-res image (295KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: Despite positive patient perception of physician communication and education around abnormal pap smears, knowledge was the most common theme identified as a barrier to follow up. Consideration for alternative web-based interventions addressing health literacy and knowledge gaps focused on HPV, cervical cancer risk factors, and treatments may improve follow up among this patient population.
Effect of Reynolds Number on Fractal Binding Kinetics on a Surface-Based Biosensor

The chapter reanalyzes the influence of the degree of heterogeneity along with the effect of diffusional limitations on the binding kinetics of soluble rabbit IgG/rSpA (recombinant protein) on a surface-based biosensor. The chapter attempts to uncouple the effect of external mass transfer limitations from the degree of heterogeneity present on the surface on the biosensor performance parameters, using a fractal analysis. The application of biosensors in the areas of biotechnology, environment, medical diagnostics, and security applications is described in the chapter. The fractal analysis explains the binding of soluble rabbit IgG in solution to recombinant protein A immobilized on a straight-microchannel- and serpentine-microchannel-surface-based biosensors. The influence of Reynolds number on the binding rate coefficient for both the straight-channel- and the serpentine-channel-based biosensor is presented in the chapter.
Query and update through XML views

XML has become a standard medium for data exchange, and XML views are frequently used as an interface to relational database and XML data. There have been a considerable number of studies on building and querying XML views, while updating related topics for XML views have not receive much attention. In this paper, we outline our work on building XML views defined in terms of update syntax and updating XML views of relations, and discuss some related work.
FLOATS LIKE A BUTTERFLY: THE RUMBLE IN THE JUNGLE AND THE ART OF COOL

This paper discusses the Rumble in the Jungle, as the 1974 boxing world heavyweight championship bout between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman in Kinshasa, Zaire is known in popular culture, in the light of Robert Farris Thompson's analysis of the aesthetic of the cool in African tribal culture/so It connects various notions of cool to the creation of the spectacle of Ali in the documentary film on the event, When We Were Kings, and proposes a reading of Ali as a sort of culmination o/the idea of American cool.
ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN OPERATOR CONTROLLING A TELEOPERATED MICROSURGICAL ROBOT

Abstract In the design and construction of force-reflecting interfaces the properties of the human operator using the interface must be considered. Two components of the human operator system are of particular importance, namely the biomechanical and sensory processing subsystems. In order to feed back information about contact forces and the mechanical properties of objects being manipulated by the robot it is essential to know the operator’s sensitivity to changes in force, stiffness and viscosity and the gain and bandwidth required to feed back this information. Psychophysical studies have demonstrated that the ability of human operators to resolve changes in stiffness and viscosity is inferior to that for force. This means that if an operator controlling a robot is required to detect changes in stiffness or viscosity, then small changes will have to be scaled up in order for the operator to detect them consistently.
Induction of jun Gene Family Members by Transforming Growth Factor α but not 17β-Estradiol in Human Breast Cancer Cells

To investigate whether estrogen treatment of hormone-responsive human breast cancer cells was associated with activation of members of the jun family of immediate early response genes, the expression of these oncogenes in human breast cancer cells was examined. 17 β -Estradiol had little effect on expression of c- jun, Jun B, jun D, or c- fos mRNA by MCF-7 cells over 12 h, although it stimulated c- myc expression 4-fold within 30 min. In contrast, several peptide growth factors, including transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), rapidly and transiently induced expression of c- jun, jun B, and c- fos mRNA 4- to 10-fold over control. A similar pattern of expression was seen in two other estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell lines, ZR-75-1 and T47D. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide did not abrogate induction of c- jun or jun B mRNA by TGF-α in MCF-7 cells, suggesting that new protein synthesis was not required. In addition, nuclear runoff transcription analysis demonstrated that increased expression of c- jun and jun B mRNA after TGF-α treatment of MCF-7 cells was regulated at least in part at the transcriptional level. Chronic exposure of MCF-7 cells to 17 β -estradiol for 24–48 h was associated with decreased expression of jun B mRNA only, while similar treatment with TGF-α did not change mRNA expression of any jun family member. Thus, expression of jun family members is induced by peptide growth factors like TGF-α but not 17 β -estradiol in human breast cancer cells. These results suggest that these nuclear protooncogenes play different roles in modulating gene expression by MCF-7 cells after exposure to TGF-α or 17 β -estradiol.
Defect Structure of Y1-yCayMnO3 and La1-yCayMnO3: I. Electrical Properties

Abstract Electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient of compositions in the system Y 1- y Ca y MnO 3 and La 1- y Ca y MnO 3 were studied to determine the mechanism of electrical transport and defect structure. Electrical conduction appeared to occur via a small polaron hopping mechanism for compositions with 0.30 ≤ y ≤ 0.80. The Seebeck coefficient data did not support the assumption that Mn is present in Cadoped Mn perovskites only in the +3 and +4 valence states. A new defect model was developed which includes the thermally excited disproportion of Mn 3+ and Mn 4+ pairs. The Seebeck data were explained with this model by assuming that divalent Mn cations were site blockers in the conduction process.