cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OBSIDIAN BLADES FROM CERRO PORTEZUELO: SOURCING ARTIFACTS FROM A LONG-DURATION SITE

This paper reports source identifications for a sample of obsidian prismatic blades from the site of Cerro Portezuelo, Mexico. Although the sample is highly biased and stratigraphically mixed, some interesting results were obtained. Compared to contemporary sites in the region, the frequency of green Pachuca obsidian was unusually low (65%), while obsidian from the distant Ucareo source was unusually abundant (14%). This pattern appears to hold for both the Classic and the Postclassic periods and differs from Classic Teotihuacan. This contrast implies that Cerro Portezuelo was not importing all of its obsidian directly from Teotihuacan during the Classic period but, rather, was obtaining some quantity of Ucareo obsidian from other sites, most likely located to the west. This trade pattern would eventually spread throughout the Basin of Mexico, after the fall of Teotihuacan, but it is foreshadowed during the Classic period at Cerro Portezuelo.
Embedding and reconfiguration of spanning trees in faulty hypercubes

The problem of tolerating faulty nodes in hypercubes has been studied by many researchers either by using spares or by reconfiguration. Algorithms for tolerating faulty nodes and links in hypercubes are presented. The algorithms are based on using general spanning trees (GST), complete unbalanced spanning trees (CUST), and balanced spanning trees (BST) for reconfiguring the hypercube to avoid faulty nodes and links. The algorithms contain two phases: the first phase involves the construction of the spanning tree and the second one is for reconfiguring the hypercube should a faulty node be detected. The reconfiguration process consists of two basic steps. First, the faulty node is disconnected from the spanning tree. Then, a new spanning tree is constructed by reconnecting the children of the faulty node to the spanning tree. One hundred percent single fault correction (avoidance) and almost 100 percent fault correction (avoidance) of double and triple faults are achieved by the proposed algorithms for hypercubes having a dimension of n/spl ges/6. Simulation results for the algorithm under more than three faults also are presented. For any k faulty nodes (1/spl les/k/spl les/2/sup n/-1), the reconfiguration algorithm may be applied k times to avoid these k faulty nodes as long as no combination of any two of the faults results in a blocking situation. The proposed reconfiguration algorithms tolerate all possible single-link faults. The reconfiguration algorithms are extended to tolerate (k/spl les/n-1) multiple faults, causing blocking situation, with a backtracking.
Dimension Versus Number of Variables, and Connectivity, too

We present game-theoretic characterizations of the complexity/expressibility measures “dimension” and “the number of variables” as Least Fixed Point queries. As an example, we use these characterizations to compute the dimension and number of variables of Connectivity and Connectivity.
Immunotherapy for autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy.

Abstract Purpose of review To provide an update on recent advances in the treatment of autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG). AAG is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by prominent and selective involvement of autonomic nerve fibers or ganglia. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasma exchange (PE) has been reported to be effective in single case reports and recent case series. This review summarizes current treatment options including IVIG, PE, and immunosuppressants agents, alone or in combination. Results Controlled clinical trials of immunotherapy are not available and experience with immunotherapy is confined to single case reports. Some patients with AAG seem to respond to IVIg or PE as initial therapy but often require subsequent immunosuppressive treatment to sustain or advance the improvement. Preliminary studies suggest that the most severely affected patients may need a protracted and combined treatment program to achieve clinical improvement. Summary Several recent studies suggest that IVIg, PE, and immunosuppressant agents are effective treatment for AAG. Current available treatments used as monotherapy or in combination may be efficacious and the specific regimen may depend on the severity of autonomic failure. There is preliminary evidence that novel immunosuppressant agents such as Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and Rituximab may be effective in certain patients who are unresponsive to IVIG or PE.
Hydrothermal synthesis of perovskite and pyrochlore powders of potassium tantalate

Potassium tantalate powders were hydrothermally synthesized at 100 to 200 °C in 4 to 15 M aqueous KOH solutions. A defect pyrochlore, Kta2O5(OH). nH2O (n ≈ 1.4), was obtained at 4 M KOH, but at 7–12 M KOH, this pyrochlore was gradually replaced by a defect perovskite as the stable phase. At 15 M KOH, there was no intermediate pyrochlore, only a defect perovskite, 0.85Ta0.92O2.43(OH)0.57 0.15H2O. Synthesis at higher KOH concentrations led to greater incorporation of protons in the perovskite structures. The potassium vacancies required for charge compensation of incorporated protons could accommodate water molecules in the perovskite structure.
A new concept in the reliability evaluation of vehicular radio

This paper describes automatic equipment developed to conduct temperature tests of two-way vehicular radio. The automatic test unit reported below controls the temperature chamber, maintains input voltages at proper EIA specified levels, turns test specimens on and off, measures the operational performance parameters of transmitters and receivers at each of the selected temperature conditions and prints the data. Four units can be tested at a time and these may be any combination of standard frequency bands, carrier or continuous tone coded squelch and wide band or split channel.
A new SPECT reconstruction algorithm based on the Novikov explicit inversion formula

We present a new reconstruction algorithm for single-photon emission computed tomography. The algorithm is based on the Novikov explicit inversion formula for the attenuated Radon transform with non-uniform attenuation. Our reconstruction technique can be viewed as a generalization of both the filtered backprojection algorithm and the Tretiak-Metz algorithm. We test the performance of the present algorithm in a variety of numerical experiments. Our numerical examples show that the algorithm is capable of accurate image reconstruction even in the case of strongly non-uniform attenuation coefficient, similar to that occurring in a human thorax.
Dynamically coupled fluid-body interactions in vorticity-based numerical simulations

A novel method is presented for robustly simulating coupled dynamics in fluid-body interactions with vorticity-based flow solvers. In this work, the fluid dynamics are simulated with a viscous vortex particle method. In the first substep of each time increment, the fluid convective and diffusive processes are treated, while a predictor is used to independently advance the body configuration. An iterative corrector is then used to simultaneously remove the spurious slip - via vorticity flux - and compute the end-of-step body configuration. Fluid inertial forces are isolated and combined with body inertial terms to ensure robust treatment of dynamics for bodies of arbitrary mass. The method is demonstrated for dynamics of articulated rigid bodies, including a falling cylinder, flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder and free swimming of a three-link 'fish'. The error and momentum conservation properties of the method are explored. In the case of the vibrating cylinder, comparison with previous work demonstrates good agreement.
Hydrogen-bonded networks from η5-semiquinone complexes of manganese tricarbonyl

Abstract The cationic manganese tricarbonyl complexes containing η6-2-methylhydroquinone (2a), η6-2,3-dimethylhydroquinone (3a), η6-2-t-butylhydroquinone (4a), η6-tetramethylhydroquinone (5a) and η6-4,4′-biphenol (6a) are readily deprotonated to the corresponding neutral (η5-semiquinone)Mn(CO)3 (2b–6b) and anionic (η4-quinone)Mn(CO)3− (2c–5c) complexes. The X-ray structures of 2b–6b feature strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions that result in the formation of supramolecular organometallic networks. Significantly, the substitution pattern at the semiquinone ring affects the stereochemistry of the hydrogen bonding interactions. NMR spectra of 2b, 3b and 5b reveal dynamic hydrogen bonding in solution.
Study of flying height of culicid species in the northern part of the Republic of Korea.

ABSTRACT The vertical distribution of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) was evaluated in Paju County in northern South Korea by using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) miniature light traps with ultraviolet light and dry ice (CO2) as attractants. CDC traps were placed at 1, 3, and 5 m above the ground near rice paddies in a relatively open agricultural area. Traps were hung on two scaffold towers (6 m height) spaced approximately 300 m apart. Each trap operated 9 nights from August 3 to 16, 2002, and collected 9,971 mosquitoes: Aedes vexans nipponii, 145.2; Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 34.9; Anopheles sinensis, 21.3; and Culex pipiens, 17.3 female mosquitoes/trap/night. Average flight height was calculated from the total number of catches in both stations. Overall, Cx. pipiens (2.52 ± 0.35 m) was found to be the highest flying species followed by An. sinensis (2.04 ± 0.79 m), Ae. vexans nipponii (1.96 ± 0.44 m), and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (1.76 ± 0.68 m), respectively. Although no significant diff...
The Cantor–Schröder–Bernstein Theorem

Suppose we have two finite sets. We have developed enough machinery to tell when one set has more elements than another. But what about infinite sets? For example, we might consider \(\mathbb{N}\) and \(\mathbb{Z^+}\), and we may ask which one has more elements. Well, we have already developed mathematical concepts that convince us that these two sets have the same number of elements. In this chapter, we investigate the situation for general infinite sets.
Tech Savvy and Practice Ready: Social Media Guidance for Current and Future Legal Practitioners

This Article discusses technology in the law and offers guidance to both attorneys and law students regarding the uses of social media.
Lipoprotein disorders in diabetes mellitus

In IDDM or NIDDM, the total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are usually within normal limits when the blood glucose is controlled. Marked hypertriglyceridemia can develop with loss of glycemic control and is often due to superimposed genetic abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism. Tight control in IDDM usually reduces LDL and VLDL to normal levels and may raise HDL above the normal range. Low HDL cholesterol and mild to moderate elevations of VLDL triglyceride are common in NIDDM if obesity or proteinuria is also present. Both HDL and LDL may be smaller and more dense and may be enriched with triglyceride as compared with cholesterol. These abnormalities may require weight loss for control. The increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in diabetes is unexplained but is amplified by the well-defined cardiovascular risk factors. The new American Diabetes Association guidelines call for treatment of high triglycerides and LDL cholesterol to be aggressively reduced. Triglycerides should be under 200 mg/dL, are considered borderline high between 200 and 400 mg/dL, and high when above 400 mg/dL. Low HDL is defined as less than 35 mg/dL. Control of obesity with diet and exercise and reduced intake of saturated fat and cholesterol are important first steps. If needed, drug therapy is appropriate to reduce LDL to levels below 130 mg/dL in all adult diabetics and below 100 mg/dL in those with cardiovascular disease.
Sensitivity of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Nomuraea rileyi to Chemical Pesticides Used on Soybeans

In vitro evaluations indicated that almost all fungicides and some insecticides and herbicides registered for use on soybeans inhibited growth of the entomopathogenic fungi Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson even at concentrations 1 / 10 the recommended rate. Most insecticides and herbicides were either not deleterious to N. rileyi or less deleterious than fungicides. Also, death due to mycoses was significantly reduced when cabbage looper larvae were exposed to conidia treated with either the fungicide benomyl or the herbicide dinoseb.
Efficacy of Chemotherapy for Light-Chain Amyloidosis in Patients Presenting With Symptomatic Heart Failure.

Abstract Background Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) with cardiac involvement carries a poor prognosis; median untreated survival is Objectives This study sought to evaluate the effect of BDex+AA as a first-line treatment strategy on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure from AL cardiac amyloidosis. Methods Patients newly diagnosed with symptomatic New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class ≥II heart failure due to AL amyloidosis were retrospectively studied. Initial treatment strategy was adjudicated and propensity score analysis was used to adjust for the nonrandomized allocation of treatments. Survival was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for the propensity score for receiving treatment, age, NYHA functional class, and ejection fraction. Results Among 106 treated patients (age 64.6 ± 11.3 years, 63% male, 76% lambda subtype), 40 received the 3-drug regimen and 66 received other regimens. Mortality was 65% overall, 48% in the BDex+AA cohort (median survival time 821 days), and 76% in patients who received other regimens (median survival time 223 days). Initial treatment with BDex+AA was associated with decreased mortality after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio: 0.209; 95% confidence interval: 0.069 to 0.636; p = 0.006). This association remained after further adjustment for components of the Mayo Stage. Conclusions Use of BDex+AA in the treatment of AL amyloidosis in patients presenting with symptomatic heart failure is associated with improved survival after adjusting for clinical variables.
Synthesis of 18F-Tetrafluoroborate via Radiofluorination of Boron Trifluoride and Evaluation in a Murine C6-Glioma Tumor Model

The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) is under investigation as a reporter for noninvasive imaging of gene expression. Although 18F-tetrafluoroborate (18F-TFB, 18F-BF4−) has shown promise as a PET imaging probe for NIS, the current synthesis method using isotopic exchange gives suboptimal radiochemical yield and specific activity. The aim of this study was to synthesize 18F-TFB via direct radiofluorination on boron trifluoride (BF3) to enhance both labeling yield and specific activity and evaluation of specific activity influence on tumor uptake. Methods: An automated synthesis of 18F-TFB was developed whereby cyclotron-produced 18F-fluoride was trapped on a quaternary methyl ammonium anion exchange cartridge, then allowed to react with BF3 freshly preformulated in petroleum ether/tetrahydrofuran (50:1). The resultant 18F-TFB product was retained on the quaternary methyl ammonium anion exchange cartridge. After the cartridge was rinsed with tetrahydrofuran and water, 18F-TFB was eluted from the cartridge with isotonic saline, passing through 3 neutral alumina cartridges and a sterilizing filter. Preclinical imaging studies with 18F-TFB were performed in athymic mice bearing NIS-expressing C6-glioma subcutaneous xenografted tumors to determine the influence of specific activity on tumor uptake. Results: Under optimized conditions, 18F-TFB was synthesized in a radiochemical yield of 20.0% ± 0.7% (n = 3, uncorrected for decay) and greater than 98% radiochemical purity in a synthesis time of 10 min. Specific activities of 8.84 ± 0.56 GBq/μmol (n = 3) were achieved from starting 18F-fluoride radioactivities of 40–44 GBq. An avid uptake of 18F-TFB was observed in human NIS (hNIS)–expressing C6-glioma xenografts as well as expected NIS-mediated uptake in the thyroid and stomach. There was a positive correlation between the uptake of 18F-TFB in hNIS-expressing tumor and specific activity. Conclusion: A rapid, practical, and high-specific-activity synthesis of the NIS reporter probe 18F-TFB was achieved via direct radiofluorination on BF3 using an automated synthesis system. The synthesis of high-specific-activity 18F-TFB should enable future clinical studies with hNIS gene reporter viral constructs.
A Case Study of MgB2 and HTS Magnets Being Cooled and Cooled Down using a Hydrogen Thermal-siphon Cooling-loop with Coolers☆

Abstract When one fabricates a magnet using MgB 2 or HTS conductors, the operating temperature of the magnet can be increased into the temperature range from about 15 to 30 K. This temperature range is between the triple-point (13.8 K) and the critical point of para-hydrogen (32.3 K). Hydrogen has excellent heat transfer properties both as a liquid and as a gas at low temperature. The heat of vaporization of hydrogen is larger than any cryogenic fluid. In addition, the specific heat of the liquid and the gas is higher than any cryogenic fluid. Hydrogen may be the best fluid to use to connect a magnet operating between 15 and 30 K with a source of refrigeration. This paper compares magnet cooling at 20 K using helium and hydrogen. A safe completely passive cooling loop is discussed in this paper.
Community Structure of Anode Biofilm by High-Throughput Sequencing Technology

Microbial community structure of anode biofilm was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showthat the technology can obtain community structure information from electrochemistry biofilm efficiently,and the exoelectrogentic modal bacteria G eobacter category is predominant in biological membrane, its quantity ratio reaches 30%;Thermovirga,Thauera and Syntrophorhabdus are also found in anode biofilm. However,through comparison of biofilm before and after electrochemical activity was lost,G eobacter still dominated in biofilm after the biofilm lost electrochemical activity,while Actinomycetes' proportion increased significantly,its quantity was much higher than that of the normal 0.5%. So Actinomycetes may be one of the factors which inhibit the electrochemical activity of the biofilm.
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease

Diagnostic imaging for acute pulmonary embolism has evolved; CT angiography of the chest is now considered the gold standard for diagnosis. The chest radiograph has limited utility, but can occasionally detect an alternative diagnosis. Although not frequently used, ventilation/perfusion scan can be diagnostic, particularly in the setting of a normal chest radiograph. Clinical features, including risk factors and presenting signs and symptoms, should be utilized to assess pre-test probability and guide diagnostic imaging choices. Unique situations, such as renal failure and pregnancy, will potentially alter the diagnostic decisions.
Polarisation-insensitive Si3N4 strip-loaded BaTiO3 thin-film waveguide with low propagation losses

A low-loss and polarisation-insensitive singlemode BaTiO3 thin-film waveguide is reported. Polarisation-dependent loss as low as 0.1 dB/cm at a wavelength of 1.55 µm has been achieved by a novel Si3N4 strip-loaded BaTiO3 waveguide structure. Propagation loss of less than 0.9 dB/cm for both TE and TM polarisations was measured.
Technological solutions for global hematology and oncology.

Noncommunicable diseases, such as cancer, anemia, and heart disease, are expected to eclipse infectious diseases as the major cause of mortality in the 21st century. Previously considered a scourge of only industrialized and high-income countries, we now know that the majority of noncommunicable
Binaural Processing and Auditory Asymmetries

Many aspects of peripheral and central auditory processing peak by adolescence (Maxon and Hochberg 1982; Hall et al. 2004, 2005) and a growing body of evidence indicates a substantial decline in audition in presenescent adults (Gates et al. 1990; Lee et al. 2005; Grose et al. 2006) that continues to deteriorate with advancing age (for reviews, see Schneider 1997; Divenyi and Simon 1999; Chisholm et al. 2003). The functional significance of this decline is often gauged in terms of the accurate perception of speech in complex acoustic backgrounds (e.g., Committee on Hearing, Bioacoustics, and Biomechanics [CHABA] 1988; van Rooij and Plomp 1990; Humes et al. 1994; Pichora-Fuller 1997; Divenyi et al. 2005), which, in turn, relies on both monaural and binaural auditory processing. Declines with age in monaural and binaural auditory processing are often compounded by concomitant peripheral hearing loss, resulting in reduced audiometric sensitivity, reduced frequency selectivity, and increased linearity of coding of intensity.
Advancing commercial feasibility of intraparticle expansion for solid state metal foams by the surface oxidation and room temperature ball milling of copper

Abstract Surface oxidation of metal powders is a common challenge in powder metallurgy processing, and the oxides must eventually be broken up to produce high-quality, structural components. Here it is proposed that surface oxidation may be beneficial in the creation of porous metals through intraparticle expansion, which creates porosity by the reduction of oxides which are distributed within a metallic matrix. Previous work utilized the addition of separate oxides to the metal as a two-component (Cu powder + CuO powder) cryogenic ball milling process. The feasibility of controlling pore formation by directly oxidizing copper powder before milling is examined, and it is then extended to room temperature processing. Both pore distribution and morphology vary greatly with oxygen content, which can be controlled during processing. The pore volume and interconnectedness are maximized at intermediate oxygen concentration, indicating competing effects of the oxide loading. When room temperature high-energy ball milling is applied, the oxidized powder was found to exhibit even greater expansion upon annealing and larger pore size, though cold welding of the copper was encountered at short milling times. Using a single-component method at room temperature may prove valuable to reduce the cost and complexity of large scale production of expandable powder feedstock, and key considerations are discussed.
THE ALEXANDROFF-URYSOHN METRIZATION THEOREM REVISITED

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Alexandroff-Urysohn metrization theorem. Given a metrizable space (X, T), there are two standard methods of constructing a metric on X compatible with the topology T. One method is to start with a σ-locally finite or σ-discrete base for X, use of Urysohn's Lemma to obtain a collection of continuous, real-valued functions on X, and then use these functions to construct the metric. The other method is to begin with a regular development for X, obtain a distance function on X, and then construct a metric using this distance function. Both of these constructions are basic tools in general topology. The chapter discusses the applications of the first construction (obtaining a suitable family of continuous pseudo-metrics).
Review of Reconciling Art and Mothering

Reconciling Art and Mothering, by Dr. Rachel Epp Buller (Ed.), Routledge, 2012, 332 pages, $149.95/£75.99; Paperback, 2016, $54.95, ISBN-13: 978-1409426134, ISBN-10: 1409426130
Technology and Telehealth Applications

This chapter discusses the application of technology, specifically telehealth, during behavior analytic practice, by presenting the past and current status of behavior analytic practitioner training in telehealth, the research base and implications for practice, and practice guidelines, procedures, and implementation recommendations. The current research shows that telehealth is a viable option for practice in behavior analysis. A review of the extant literature is presented as a reference for practitioners and researchers who are interested in telehealth applications. This emerging modality of service provision could provide individuals from remote and underserved areas access to behavior analytic services. Bridging the service gap could improve outcomes for individuals in a variety of settings including schools, home, and community settings.
Enhancing palliative care patient access to outpatient and outreach counseling services.

184Background: MD Anderson’s interdisciplinary out-patient clinic, palliative care team includes mental health professionals who provide psychological care, including 3 full time Master’s level cou...
Neurocognitive Disorders in HIV-1 Infection

Neurocognitive disorder was noted to be associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) even before HIV-1 was suspected of being the agent responsible for immunosuppression. Horowitz et al. (1982) observed that seven of nine patients suffering from gay-related immunodeficiency disorder, and who had CMV retinopathy as a complication, had neurological disorders, including disturbance in higher mental functioning. At the same time Britton et al. (1982) observed that three of their four patients with “gay-immunosuppressed syndrome” with neurological complications suffered from psychosis and dementia. In the following year Snider et al. (1983) reported that 18 of a series of 50 brains examined neuropathologically had evidence of subacute encephalopathy; furthermore, many of these patients exhibited, prior to death, clinical evidence of disturbed cognitive functioning and impaired ability to look after themselves.
The structure of human Nocturnin reveals a conserved ribonuclease domain that represses target transcript translation and abundance in cells

The circadian protein Nocturnin (NOCT) belongs to the exonuclease, endonuclease and phosphatase superfamily and is most similar to the CCR4-class of deadenylases that degrade the poly-adenosine tails of mRNAs. NOCT-deficient mice are resistant to high-fat diet induced weight gain, and exhibit dysregulation of bone formation. However, the mechanisms by which NOCT regulates these processes remain to be determined. Here, we describe a pair of high-resolution crystal structures of the human NOCT catalytic domain. The active site of NOCT is highly conserved with other exoribonucleases, and when directed to a transcript in cells, NOCT can reduce translation and abundance of that mRNA in a manner dependent on key active site residues. In contrast to the related deadenylase CNOT6L, purified recombinant NOCT lacks in vitro ribonuclease activity, suggesting that unidentified factors are necessary for enzymatic activity. We also find the ability of NOCT to repress reporter mRNAs in cells depends upon the 3' end of the mRNA, as reporters terminating with a 3' MALAT1 structure cannot be repressed by NOCT. Together, these data demonstrate that NOCT is an exoribonuclease that can degrade mRNAs to inhibit protein expression, suggesting a molecular mechanism for its regulatory role in lipid metabolism and bone development.
The Regional Dimension

Why the regional dimension? To some readers, the present chapter would seem to be a contradiction with the previous one. To the author, however, it is a logical and necessary complement. There are a number of reasons why this subject is so important at the present time.
Estandarización del expediente odontológico y creación del Archivo Clínico: una propuesta para la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción

La elaboracion del Expediente Clinico Unico consolido uno de los Sistemas de Informacion e Interoperacionalizacion entre las diferentes catedras clinicas en la Facultad de Odontologia de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion; cumpliendo asi su objetivo. Con la estandarizacion del expediente clinico, se elimino la duplicacion de Historias Clinicas en las diferentes catedras; al mismo tiempo que se respeta el tiempo del paciente, al no solicitar reiteradas veces los mismos datos, adquiriendo mayor confianza hacia la institucion, porque se la ve mejor organizada. Por ultimo, se colabora con la preservacion del medio ambiente, porque la obtencion del papel implica la utilizacion de recursos, como celulosa extraida del arbol, y agua, que si bien, es un recurso renovable, es limitado. El Expediente Unico permitio tambien, la organizacion del archivo clinico, donde actualmente se estan, organizando los documentos clinicos que datan desde el ano 2007. Se inicio tambien la digitalizacion de los documentos.
Guided waves at bianisotropic fluid interfaces

Willis fluids are characterized by constitutive relations that couple the pressure and momentum density to both the particle velocity and the volume strain. This effective dynamic response coupling may arise due to microstructural asymmetry, long range order, or time-varying material properties and has been shown to be analogous to electromagnetic bianisotropic media [Phys. Rev. B 96, 104303 (2017)]. In this study, we report on the existence of guided waves at the interface between two fluids when at least one displays Willis coupling. Criteria for the existence of these waves are discussed in terms of the material properties, frequency, and wave number, and expressions for the dispersion relation and rate of spatial decay away from the interface are obtained analytically. We demonstrate that interface waves are supported when one of the fluids possesses Willis coupling, in contrast to an interface between two classical isotropic fluids, which cannot support interface waves. Special cases are highlighted via numerical examples. [Work supported by ONR, NSF, the Applied Research Laboratories at The University of Texas at Austin, and the NRC Research Associateship Program.]
Vision-Based Surgical Tool Pose Estimation for the da Vinci® Robotic Surgical System

This paper presents an approach to surgical tool tracking using stereo vision for the da Vinci® Surgical Robotic System. The proposed method is based on robot kinematics, computer vision techniques and Bayesian state estimation. The proposed method employs a silhouette rendering algorithm to create virtual images of the surgical tool by generating the silhouette of the defined tool geometry under the da Vinci® robot endoscopes. The virtual rendering method provides the tool representation in image form, which makes it possible to measure the distance between the rendered tool and real tool from endoscopic stereo image streams. Particle Filter algorithm employing the virtual rendering method is then used for surgical tool tracking. The tracking performance is evaluated on an actual da Vinci® surgical robotic system and a ROS/Gazebo-based simulation of the da Vinci® system.
Physician Perceptions of Step Therapy Prescribing Requirements

BACKGROUND: Step therapy policies that require prescribers to follow an ordered protocol for drug choices are widely used by public and private insurers to manage medication costs; however, the per...
Smokeless tobacco warnings in Indian mass media: Intention and attempts to quit

Introduction: In India, over 200 million people use smokeless tobacco (SLT), which increases the risk of cancers. Studies have demonstrated mass media campaigns effectively reduce smoking tobacco prevalence, but few have assessed their impact on SLT cessation. Objectives: This study used data from the Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS) in 2009–2010 and 2016–2017 to examine associations between SLT health warnings in mass media, and intention and attempts to quit using SLT. We also compared the proportion of SLT users who noticed mass media warnings between 2009–2010 and 2016–2017. Materials and Methods: Over 16,000 and 15,000 current SLT users from the GATS-1 and GATS-2, respectively, were used for analysis. Weighted logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between noticed health warnings on SLT packages, newspapers/magazines, television, radio, billboards, cinemas, internet, vehicles, and walls, and intention and attempts to quit SLT. Results: In final models, the odds of intention and attempts to quit were highest among those who noticed warnings in newspapers/magazines (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–1.74) and the internet (AOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.12–2.29), respectively. Warnings on SLT packages, television, billboards, radio, vehicles, and walls were also associated with increased cessation behavior. More noticed warnings on SLT packages, television, billboards, and newspapers/magazines in GATS-2 than GATS-1, but fewer heard radio warnings. Conclusions: Among Indian SLT users, we found evidence that SLT warnings in mass media may promote cessation behavior. Health warnings in mass media could play an important role in the overall strategy to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with SLT use.
Is Your Legal Contract Ambiguous? Convert to a Smart Legal Contract

A legal contract is something that is in spoken or in written form, which binds a party or multiple parties into given terms and conditions. On the other hand, a smart contract is also a contract which is a computer program that binds parties into given terms and conditions but unlike a legal contract, it is self-executable, efficient, and unambiguous. Almost all legal contracts are complex while reading because of its ambiguous nature. In this paper, we take a real-world ambiguous legal contact as a test contract, and generate various interpretations from it, convert all those interpretations into the smart legal contracts and identify the most ambiguous and accurate smart legal contract by performing various measurements such as transaction fees and ambiguity index for each interpretation. We came to the conclusion that the most ambiguous legal contract would be the contract with general interpretation as it was more complex when written in the smart contract and had many possible interpretations due to ambiguity than the rest of the interpretations.
Exploring Chinese researchers' research information management practices: Implications for academic libraries

Abstract There is a recent trend toward university libraries to actively participate in research information management (RIM). This study examines Chinese researchers' RIM practices. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 researchers from 16 Chinese scholarly institutions to identify which RIM systems they used, how and why they used those systems, and their levels of participation. This study develops a typology of 11 activities involving Chinese researchers' use of RIM systems, including finding relevant literature and patents, knowing about other researchers, interacting with peers, applying for grants, and identifying conferences to attend. The findings indicate that Chinese researchers use international RIM systems to obtain English literature, build ties with researchers worldwide, and meet the requirements of English journals. This may result from the impact of China's national and university policies to encourage publishing in Anglophone journals. This study offers academic libraries and university RIM systems suggestions on how to support Chinese researchers' needs for RIM and engage them in curating research information on personal and community-wide levels, such as providing instructions on profile creation, assisting in self-archiving copyright-compliant full-text articles, allowing assignment of Chinese and English tags to publications, and promoting the norms of altruism and reciprocity.
Examining Hicks’s Claim That Any Connection Between Champernowne’s 1936 Review of Economic Studies Review and His 1937 Econometrica Review Is ‘…What Any Intelligent Person Could Have Got From a Careful Reading of the General Theory.’

Hicks’s assessment of the value of Champernowne’s 1936 contribution to the Review of Economic Studies about the General Theory, that “What is common between my paper and [Champernowne’s] seems to be no more than what any intelligent person could have got from a careful reading of the General Theory” (Letter from Hicks to Young, quoted by Young, 1987, p.95) has a major flaw in it. The problematic nature of Hicks’s assessment of Champernowne’s 1936 contribution can be seen when one compares Champernowne’s June 1936 article with Hicks’s own June 1936 article reviewing the General Theory, titled “Keynes’s Theory of Employment”, that appeared in the Economic Journal. The only possible conclusion when comparing the 1936 Hicks and Champernowne reviews is that Champernowne is far, far ahead of Hicks in his understanding of Keynes’s ideas and evaluation of the technical elements in the General Theory as of June 1936. The same conclusion is reached when comparing Reddaway’s June 1936 Economic Record review and Hicks’s 1936 Economic Journal review. Reddaway is far ahead of Hicks. Hicks’s understanding, of what he believes Keynes to be doing in the General Theory in June 1936 Economic Journal article, has no IS-LM model at all while Keynes’s IS-LP(LM) model is provided on pages 298-299 of chapter 21 of the General Theory. Both Reddaway and Champernowne had IS-LM type models. This means that as of June 1936, Hicks is far, far behind in his assessment of Keynes when compared to Champernowne, Reddaway, and Keynes. Hicks completely overlooked Keynes’s IS-LP(LM) model in his June 1936 review.
The MRL Mouse: A Model of Regeneration and Cancer

The intersection of regeneration and cancer has long been hypothesized to be due to the well-established inverse relationship between the capacity to heal and the propensity for cancer.
Lessons Learned from Monoclonal Antibody Applications to the Office of Biotechnology Products Quality by Design Pilot Program

On July 2, 2008, the Office of Biotechnology Products (OBP), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a Federal Register notice for their Quality by Design (QbD) pilot program. The program was designed to define clinically relevant attributes for protein products regulated by OBP and link them to manufacturing processes. The program considered QbD approaches to unit operations in supplements as well as original biologic license applications (BLA). The pilot program accepted six original BLA applications and four postapproval supplements. This chapter summarizes key observations from the pilot program submissions and meetings for monoclonal antibody products related to the application of QbD concepts to biotechnology product development and manufacture.
Electronic structure of KD2xH2(1-x)PO4 studied by soft x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies

The surface and bulk electronic structure of tetragonal (at 300 K) and orthorhombic (at 77 K) $\mathrm{K}{\mathrm{D}}_{2x}{\mathrm{H}}_{2(1\ensuremath{-}x)}\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ single crystals (so-called KDP and DKDP), with a deuteration degree $x$ of 0.0, 0.3, and 0.6, is studied by soft x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and x-ray emission (XES) spectroscopies. High-resolution $\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}K$-edge, $\mathrm{P}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{L}_{2,3}$-edge, and $\mathrm{K}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{L}_{2,3}$-edge XANES and XES spectra reveal that the element-specific partial density of states in the conduction and valence bands is essentially independent of deuteration $x$. We give assignment of XANES and XES peaks based on previous molecular orbital and band-structure calculations. Projected densities of states in the conduction band also appear to be essentially identical for tetragonal (at 300 K) and orthorhombic (at 77 K) phases, consistent with previous band structure calculations. However, a decrease in sample temperature from 300 to 77 K results in measurable changes to the valence band (probed by XES) but not to the conduction band (probed by XANES). The lower limit on the room-temperature band gap of KDP and DKDP is estimated as $\ensuremath{\sim}7.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. Results also show that high-intensity x-ray irradiation results in decomposition of these hydrogen-bonded materials into water and $\mathrm{K}\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ cyclophosphates and polyphosphates.
The Economic Cost of the 1996 Controlled Flood

The 7-day controlled flood released from Glen Canyon Dam in late March and early April of 1996 altered the water-release pattern across the entire water year and changed the timing and amount of hydropower produced both before and after the flood. Approximately 267 million cubic meters of water bypassed the powerplant during the flood, and the opportunity to generate 109,000 megawatt hours of electric energy was foregone. The resulting economic cost was approximately $2.5 million, a 3.3 percent decline in the economic value of hydropower generated during the water year. In addition, $1.5 million was spent on the research associated with the experiment. The estimated hydropower cost reflects hydrologic conditions during water year 1996, the timing and design of the experiment, and conditions in the electric-power market. The economic costs of future controlled floods may be less than or greater than those incurred during the 1996 controlled flood.
Developing the reflective practitioner: what, so what, now what

Abstract What Critical reflection is a skill that should be taught in didactic courses, practiced in various classroom settings, and subsequently refined in the experiential curriculum by all health professions students. In order to accomplish this, faculty and preceptors need adequate preparation to appropriately guide and evaluate students as they develop critical reflective skills. So what The reader will learn and understand the steps required and the integration into the curriculum needed to ensure that student pharmacists have adequate preparation and practice in this skill. Examples from various colleges and schools of pharmacy are provided to give the audience ideas on how to incorporate this skill into didactic, introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPE) and advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPE). In addition, effective assessment and feedback strategies for this affective skill are discussed. Now what As the United States health care system’s demands on the profession of pharmacy continue to grow, pharmacists can be trained to become self-directed, lifelong learners. The cognitive and affective domains within our curriculum must be taught and nurtured to the same extent as the hard sciences. Beginning this training early in the profession will facilitate students’ development into practitioners who utilize the continuous professional development (CPD) module of practice.
Adverse Effects of Sporadic Dialysis on Body Composition.

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the body composition of patients receiving emergent dialysis and compare their body cell mass (BCM) and fat-free ma
Secretory ependymoma of the filum terminale.

An unique ependymoma of the filum terminale with intracytoplasmic secretory granules has been identified by light and electron microscopy. A striking structural and histochemical similarity exists between the tumor secretory product and that found in the secretory system present in the terminal portion of the spinal cord of the fish. The function and site of action of the secretory product is unknown.
Nursing's role in racism and African American women's health

African American women's health has been neglected in the nursing and other health care literature, in spite of evidence that they are among the most vulnerable populations in the United States today. In this article, I highlight the health disparities between African American and European American women, discuss possible reasons for the disparities, and propose that nursing as a profession has been complicit in perpetuating the racism of health care and society. Although the focus is on nursing research and practice, it is likely that other health care disciplines perpetuate racism in similar ways.
Gymnodinioides pacifica, n. sp., an exuviotrophic ciliated protozoan (Ciliophora, Apostomatida) from euphausiids of the Northeastern Pacific

Abstract A new species of apostome ciliate, Gymnodinioides pacifica n. sp. from the euphausiid Euphausia pacifica is described. The ciliated protozoan encysts on the setae of the appendages, telson and antennae. It excysts and enters the exoskeleton of the host after moulting, where it feeds on exuvial fluid. The phoront and trophont stages of this ciliate are described. The ciliature of the trophont has the following characteristics that distinguish it from the other species of Gymnodinioides: (1) a short kinety 9a (ciliary row 9a or K9a), approximately half of the length of falciform field 8, that extends from the anterior end of the cell posteriorly to the level of K1, (2) a straight K5a, perpendicular to K5b, K6, and K7, and (3) two distinct bands of kineties, K9b–K5b and K4–K1. In addition to those on the host E. pacifica, phoront cysts of similar shape were observed on Thysanoessa spinifera, T. gregaria, T. inspinata, T. longipes, and Nematoscelis difficilis. High prevalence rates were recorded (83%) for these apostome cysts on E. pacifica and T. spinifera during summer collections from the Oregon and Washington coasts. Additionally, we report other apostome ciliate symbionts of euphausiids, including Phtorophrya sp., which preys on apostomes in the genus Gymnodinioides.
Precise location of vertices on Hamiltonian cycles

Abstract Given k ≥ 2 fixed positive integers p 1 , p 2 , … , p k − 1 ≥ 2 , and k vertices { x 1 , x 2 , … , x k } , let G be a simple graph of sufficiently large order n . It is proved that if δ ( G ) ≥ ( n + 2 k − 2 ) / 2 , then there is a Hamiltonian cycle C of G containing the vertices in order such that the distance along C is d C ( x i , x i + 1 ) = p i for 1 ≤ i ≤ k − 1 . Also, let { ( x i , y i ) | 1 ≤ i ≤ k } be a set of k disjoint pairs of vertices and a graph of sufficiently large graph n and p 1 , p 2 , … , p k ≥ 2 for k ≥ 2 fixed positive integers. It will be proved that if δ ( G ) ≥ ( n + 3 k − 1 ) / 2 , then there are k vertex disjoint paths P i ( x i , y i ) of length p i for 1 ≤ i ≤ k .
April's Fury: Alabama Power's Transmission Organization Battles Historic Losses after April 27th Storms

This paper will assess the impact of the April 27 th storms that devastated the Alabama Power service territory. It will assess and scrutinize the storms’ characteristics, statistics of losses, failures of materials, and the restoration efforts from the utilities perspective. Before sunrise on April 27, 2011, a round of tornados and straight line winds tore through West Central and Northwest Alabama. By 8:20 am, Alabama Power Transmission and Distribution crews were hard at work restoring power to 270,767 customers that were affected by the early morning onslaught. As mid-morning approached, office personnel and upper management became concerned about the ominous forecast coming from the National Weather Service for the afternoon storm systems headed toward Alabama. As early afternoon warnings loomed, all restoration efforts were halted and crews were sent to secure locations to ride out the deteriorating weather. By late afternoon, the true stress test for catastrophic system damage took place as 62 tornados tore through the state of Alabama. By midnight, Alabama Power had 412,229 customers in the dark, 171 transmission lines out, 438 transmission structures down or damaged, 318 substations out, 6 substations with major damage, and 2 of those 6 left unrecognizable. The seven days following the storms led to proactive and reactive restoration efforts by the Alabama Power transmission team. The value of this information lies in the opportunity for other utility companies to look inside this storm’s devastation and dissect their own disaster plans to become better prepared for Mother Nature’s fury.
Imaging spatial-helical mode interference of single photons

We present a study of the imaging of the interference of spatial-helical modes of single photons. This work includes a mathematical treatment that accounts for the direction of propagation and spatial mode degrees of freedom in the situation where light travels through an interferometer that prepares the light in distinct spatial modes and makes them interfere. We present results of the interference at the single photon level of the spatialhelical modes with topological charge 1 and 0. The results are consistent with the expectation that each photon carries the entire spatial mode information.