cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoenhanced transformation of hydroxylated fullerene (fullerol) by free chlorine in water

Water-soluble, oxidized fullerenes, termed as fullerols or fullerenols, have gained increasing attention as they have been identified as primary daughter product(s) when C60 is exposed to ubiquitous, reactive (oxidative) environmental scenarios including UV light (including sunlight UVA), radical oxygen species (ROS), and ozone. However, subsequent and resulting environmental reactivity of such fullerol (daughter) products remains poorly defined. Here, we examine the chemical and physical transformation of a model fullerol in the presence of free chlorine, a globally applied oxidant and disinfectant. Under both photoexcited and ground state (dark) conditions with free chlorine, fullerol reaction kinetics are described for batch systems over a range of environmentally relevant conditions. Resulting fullerene-based (here as a 60 carbon cage) oxy-chlorinated products were characterized and described with a suite of analytical techniques, including 13C-NMR, FTIR, XPS, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Product physical (behavior) properties are described through quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and classic water–octanol partition experiments. For all conditions evaluated in the presence of free chlorine, fullerol readily reacts, resulting in significant surface (functional) alteration, leading to significantly different physical behaviors when compared to parent materials. Further, the presence of light (UVA, 351 nm) was observed to significantly enhance reaction rates and product oxidation extent for all scenarios.
Connecting Through Kinect: Designing and Evaluating a Collaborative Game with and for Autistic Individuals

We are developing a game to help autistic people collaborate with their siblings and peers while improving their social-communicative skills. Autistic college students have been involved in game design and evaluation since the project’s inception. They have provided invaluable feedback that we are incorporating with their help. By involving autistic students in game design and evaluation, we are helping them develop employment-readiness skills while ensuring that the game is well designed to teach autistic people.
Tummy Time for Latinos With Limited English Proficiency: Evaluating the Feasibility of a Cultural and Linguistically Adapted Parent Education Intervention

Abstract Purpose Tummy Time is preventive positioning designed to strengthen an infant's neck and upper body muscles and minimize musculoskeletal disorders, including positional plagiocephaly. Latino parents with limited English proficiency (LEP) may experience barriers to receiving instruction on this important health-promotion strategy. Study aims included 1) adaptation and implementation of a Spanish-language version of Tummy Time; 2) evaluation of participant Tummy Time knowledge; and 3) assessment of efficacy and acceptability of the Spanish language intervention. Design and Methods This feasibility study involved translation of educational materials into Spanish, creation of Spanish-language print materials, and training of bilingual research assistants to deliver the educational intervention. Participants were 21 Latino expectant and current parents with self-identified LEP. Participants completed brief pre- and post-tests and performed a return demonstration. Results Participant knowledge of Tummy Time increased post-intervention. Program evaluation and on-site observations supported feasibility and acceptability. Conclusions The cultural and linguistic tailoring of targeted educational interventions is a feasible and potentially effective strategy to overcome barriers experienced by parents with limited English proficiency and may contribute to improved infant health outcomes. Practice Implications To be effective, health education programs must be tailored to the target population. Pediatric nurses and nurse practitioners should be aware that populations with LEP face many barriers that may inhibit their ability to participate in and understand health promotion educational activities. While translating interventions can mitigate language barriers, providers should also evaluate and address other barriers such as time constraints, transportation issues, and trust.
Cybercrime, Hacking, And Legislation

As cybercrime continues to evolve, legislation will continue to play a key role in the prosecution of individuals committing computer related offenses. The public has witnessed the rapid change in computer technology, continued popularity of social media, and increased e-commerce. With those changes comes an increase in computer crimes being committed. This article gives an overview of the evolution of cybercrime, and its influence on current legislation.
Understanding the influence of power and empathic perspective-taking on collaborative natural resource management.

Public engagement in collaborative natural resource management necessitates shared understanding and collaboration. Empathic perspective-taking is a critical facilitator of shared understanding and positive social interactions, such as collaboration. Yet there is currently little understanding about how to reliably generate empathic perspective-taking and collaboration, particularly in situations involving the unequal distribution of environmental resources or power. Here we examine how experiencing the loss or gain of social power influenced empathic perspective-taking and behavior within a computer-mediated scenario. Participants (n = 180) were randomly assigned to each condition: high resources, low resources, lose resources, gain resources. Contrary to our expectations, participants in the perspective-taking condition, specifically those who lost resources, also lost perspective taking and exhibited egoistic behavior. This finding suggests that resource control within the collaborative process is a key contextual variable that influences perspective-taking and collaborative behavior. Moreover, the observed relationship between perspective-taking and egoistic behavior within a collaborative resource sharing exercise suggests that when resource control or access is unequal, interventions to promote perspective-taking deserve careful consideration.
Estimating the Treatment Mix

The mix of drugs used for estimating the cost and outcomes for the budget-impact analysis will likely change over the analysis time horizon even without the introduction of the new drug. This could be because of changes in treatment patterns or increasing uptake of recently approved drugs or patent expiration of current drugs. When a new drug is added to the formulary, the mix of drugs used for the budget-impact analysis will also change and depend upon the uptake of the new drug, whether it is added to currently used drugs or which of the currently used treatments it replaces. In this chapter, issues that may affect the treatment mix and methods for determining the treatment mix with and without the new drug are presented. Potential sources of data are also discussed.
The Rise and Fall of Thermodynamic Complexity and the Arrow of Time

Complexity Theory is an eclectic collection of theoretical approaches to a wide variety of nonlinear problems that typically involve many degrees of freedom. Despite numerous claims, there does not appear to be a universal basis for the various approaches. Here we report on recent attempts to provide such a basis. Our approach is based on the partial order of Boltzmann states under majorization and thus is grounded in the Second Law of Thermodynamics. However, here we do not appeal to any energetic constraints. By majorizing the Boltzmann states we identify a new statistical mechanical entity, namely a multivalued function that maps Boltzmann entropy to the size or order of sets of incomparable Boltzmann entropy states. We call this thermodynamic complexity. This is a concave function of entropy, peaking near mid-entropy and falling to zero at maximum and minimum entropies. It remains to be seen if this approach can be rigorously applied to other areas, but heuristic arguments given here indicate broad applicability.
Improving Pharmacy Calculations Using an Instructional Design Model.

Objective. To describe an evidence-based instructional design to improve performance and foster retention of pharmacy students’ calculation skills longitudinally across the curriculum.Methods. Gagne’s nine events of instructional design were employed in a longitudinal pharmacy calculations curriculum. Mean pharmacy calculation examination scores from four courses spanning the didactic curriculum for four different academic years (before and after the redesign) were compared.Results. Students demonstrated more stable outcomes with consistently higher means after the redesign, which may indicate improved retention. Additionally, the post-redesign classes have experienced fewer failures (score of <80%).Conclusion. Using an instructional design model to optimize immediate instructional outcomes is an effective method of enhancing retention of calculation skills over time.
Misfit strain energy in the Au-Cu system

Misfit strain energy has been calculated for the AuCu lattice from interatomic distances and the Morse function; the calculations give results of the same order of magnitude as calculations from elasticity theory. It is shown that electronic rearrangements occur during uniaxial tension, greatly reducing the strain energy from that calculated by ordinary methods. The theory of Pauling is applied and the electronic rearrangements derived from this theory reduce the strain energy to small values. This is not true, however, in other lattices. An explanation is advanced as to why Au-Cu alloys form more exothermically than Au-Ag alloys.
The Education and Evaluation of Effective Teaching: The Continuing Challenge for Teacher Educators and Schools of Education

As science teacher educators we are constantly challenged to provide our preservice and in-service teachers with the best possible knowledge of teaching that will in turn result in maximizing the l...
Stress-Induced Senescence: Molecular Pathways

Senescence is an irreversible state of the cell, in which the cell becomes incapable of further cell division. The concept of stress-induced senescence indicates that the major causes of senescence are various types of stresses that act on cells. These stresses act via intracellular pathways, which may be multiple, to a final common state of irreversible cell division. In this state the cell is held in the nondividing state by the combination of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) activity, heterochromatin formation, gene expression changes, and other mechanisms. While the mediators of stress-induced senescence are multiple and complex, the p38 MAP kinase pathway has a prominent role in linking stresses to the permanently nondividing state. The means by which it may become activated by stresses and the means by which it acts to cause senescence are being unraveled. While most of the past studies on senescence have used cells in culture, the recent emergence of novel mouse models in which senescence can be studied has opened up exciting avenues toward mechanistic insights and possible therapeutic interventions.
Conserving a Vision: Acadia, Katahdin, and the Pathway from Private Lands to Park Lands

Although a century separates the official designations, the strategies required to ensure federal protection of Maine’s two National Park Service areas — Acadia National Park and Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument — closely track one another. In both cases, a handful of enterprising conservationists shared the vision for conservation. Both areas depended on the private acquisition, and donation, of title to the numerous parcels that comprised them before the land could garner federal protection. Politics in the early twentieth and twenty-first centuries had to be overcome. This work tells the stories in parallel, highlighting and analyzing four strands of similarity to not only deepen our understanding of these particular areas in Maine, but also to guide future conservationists aiming to convert privately held land to federally managed and protected land.
A is for Artificial Intelligence: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Activities on Young Children's Perceptions of Robots

We developed a novel early childhood artificial intelligence (AI) platform, PopBots, where preschool children train and interact with social robots to learn three AI concepts: knowledge-based systems, supervised machine learning, and generative AI. We evaluated how much children learned by using AI assessments we developed for each activity. The median score on the cumulative assessment was 70% and children understood knowledge-based systems the best. Then, we analyzed the impact of the activities on children's perceptions of robots. Younger children came to see robots as toys that were smarter than them, but their older counterparts saw them more as people that were not as smart as them. Children who performed worse on the AI assessments believed that robots were like toys that were not as smart as them, however children who did better on the assessments saw robots as people who were smarter than them. We believe early AI education can empower children to understand the AI devices that are increasingly in their lives.
Institutional Castling: Military Enlistment and Mass Incarceration in the United States

The military is a major state provider of employment, occupational training, and educational subsidies. Yet military downsizing and its increased selectivity during penal expansion may have cleaved off employment opportunities for disadvantaged men. We show how institutional castling—the shifting prominence of competing institutions in the lives of specific demographic groups—has affected the underlying risk of military employment and penal confinement. Black veterans who have dropped out of high school are less likely to be incarcerated than their nonveteran counterparts, and declines in the employment rates of military servicemembers with less than a high school education are associated with large increases in incarceration rates. The military’s critical role in providing institutional protection from the penal system has eroded for young, undereducated African American men.
An Emerging Market: The NYSE From 1815 to 1871

This paper analyzes a new database of substantially all stocks listed on the NYSE over its early history. We collect prices and dividends from primary sources -- i.e. financial periodicals -- for all listed stocks on the New York Stock Exchange over its early history. We construct a monthly index of NYSE equity prices over the 1815-1871 period, and a monthly index with dividends over the 1825-1871 period. We find that NYSE equities returned between 7.7% and 11.8% per year in arithmetic terms between the years 1825 and 1871. We also find that income returns represented a high proportion of total return for stocks in the nineteenth century. This may be due to differences in taxation, or may be due to the changing public attitude towards substitution of capital gains for income.
A rare disorder causing chronic joint pain in an adolescent.

ABSTRACT This article describes a patient with chronic knee pain and deformities of her hands and feet that led to a diagnosis of nail-patella syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant disorder.
Promoting Government Impacts through Open Data: Key Influential Factors

Since 2009, an increasing number of countries have initiated open data initiatives. Open government data (OGD) are expected to improve government transparency, promote innovation in public services and business, boost economic development and improve quality of life. In order to achieve these values, just making the data available is not enough; data has to be actually used by key stakeholders. Various factors related to governments, users, communities and open data properties interact with each other and affect the utilization and the generation of different types of OGD impacts. However, limited research to date has investigated how different factors affect OGD impact generation. Focusing on OGD impact on government efficiency and effectiveness, transparency and accountability, this study explores what are the most significant factors that affect the generation of OGD government impact. Using empirical evidence from 106 countries, our regression analysis suggests that well-designed OGD related policies and regulations, well-resourced and supportive government actions and high quality of OGD related to accountability and innovation are key elements in the design of OGD programs that helps improve government transparency, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness in government services.
Imaging pediatric acute appendicitis during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: collateral damage is variable.

Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a worldwide pandemic in March 2020, many authors have noted the collateral damage on non-COVID-19-related illnesses. These indirect effects of the pandemic have resulted in people presenting later and with more severe stages of disease, even if their diagnoses are not directly related to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. We studied these indirect effects of COVID-19 on the imaging workup and outcomes for pediatric patients at our center who had acute appendicitis during the pandemic. We performed a retrospective review of cases in children ≤18 years who were evaluated for acute appendicitis during the same period, March 1 to May 31, in both 2019 and 2020. We compared demographic and clinical data as well as surgical and pathological findings, and we graded imaging findings according to severity. Differences in patient outcomes were assessed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Pearson chi-square test. The total number of pediatric patients evaluated with imaging for acute appendicitis dropped by 43% between 2019 and 2020 (298 vs. 169), but the total number of children treated remained similar (59 vs. 51). There was proportionate use of US and CT in each timeframe but a higher percentage of positive imaging findings in 2020 (50/169, 29.6% vs. 56/298, 18.7% in 2019, P=0.04). There were more imaging examinations with features of complicated appendicitis among positive cases (9/51, 18% vs. 5/59, 8% in 2019, P=0.08) and more pathologically proven perforated cases during the pandemic (14/51, 27% vs. 6/59, 10% in 2019, P=0.11), although these results did not reach statistical significance. There were no changes in surgical management, vital signs, laboratory values, length of stay or complication rates. There was a large drop in the number of pediatric patients imaged for acute appendicitis during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic despite similar numbers of patients treated. The utilization trends of US vs. CT remained stable between time periods. The differences in imaging findings and perforation rates were less pronounced compared to other published studies.
Stimulus History Alters Behavioral Responses of Neuronal Growth Cones

Generally, it is assumed that growth cones respond to a specific guidance cue with a single, specific, and stereotyped behavior. However, there is evidence to suggest that previous exposure to a given cue might alter subsequent responses to that cue (Snow and Letourneau, 1992; Shirasaki et al., 1998). We therefore tested the hypothesis that growth cone responses to stimuli are dependent on the history of previous stimulation. Growth cones of chick dorsal root ganglion neurons were exposed to well characterized stimuli: (1) contact with a laminin-coated bead, which causes growth cone turning, or (2) electrical stimulation, which causes growth cone collapse. Although the expected behavioral responses were observed after the initial stimulation, strikingly different responses to a subsequent stimulation were observed. Growth cones that had recovered from electrical stimulation-induced collapse rapidly developed insensitivity to a second identical electrical stimulation. Growth cones that previously turned in response to contact with a laminin-coated bead responded to a second bead with a “stall” or cessation in outgrowth. This stimulus history dependence of growth cone behavior could be generalized across dissimilar stimuli: after contact with a laminin-coated bead, growth cones failed to collapse in response to electrical stimulation. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was implicated in this history dependence by pharmacological experiments. Together, these results demonstrate that growth cones can alter their behavioral response rapidly to a given stimulus in a manner dependent on previous history and that knowledge of past events in growth cone navigation may be required to predict future growth cone behavior.
The Detection and Quantification of Rh(D) Antigen Sites on Human Leukocytes

Radiolabeled eluates of human anti-D were used to measure the capacity of leukocytes to bind the D antibody in cell suspensions prepared from 16 normal and 3 leukemic bloods from Rh(D) donors. The contamination of the leukocyte suspensions by D positive red cells was measured and the contribution of D antigen sites by these cells was estimated. After correction was made for the D antibody bound by the contaminant red cells, no specific binding of D antibody by Rh(D) leukocytes could be detected. Three pairs of Rh(D) and rh(d) leukocyte dilution curves of I131-labeled anti-D uptake were compared with the uptake by D positive and D negative red cell dilutions. No significant differences among the D negative erythrocyte, the rh(d) leukocyte and the Rh(D) leukocyte curves were obtained. The results were collated with previous serologic evidence concerning the presence of ABO and Rh antigens on human leukocytes.
Group Play Therapy: A Dynamic Approach

Foreword Garry L. Landreth Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction to Group Play Therapy 2. Theoretical Approaches to Group Play Therapy 3. Multicultural Issues 4. Ethical Considerations 5. Group Play Therapy Procedures and Stages 6. Structural and Relational Limit-Setting 7. Integrating Directive and Nondirective Group Interventions 8. Expressive Arts in Group Play Therapy 9. Group Puppet Play 10. Group Sandtray Therapy 1. Activity Group Therapy for Adolescents 12. Disaster Response Group Play Therapy Procedures 13. Group Play Therapy in Schools 14. Healing Bereavement and Loss 15. Research and Outcomes in Group Play Therapy References Index
COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF SOME ARIDLAND BIRD SPECIES

Abstract We compared mitochondrial DNA sequences for six species distributed across the aridlands of North America to document phylogeographic patterns and assess levels of congruence. The Curve-billed Thrasher (Toxostoma curvirostre) and Canyon Towhee (Pipilo fuscus) show genetic divisions between the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts, whereas the Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus), Black-tailed Gnatcatcher (Polioptila melanura), and Verdin (Auriparus flaviceps) do not. Most likely, species without phylogeographic structure only recently colonized their entire current range. Therefore, although these species are today part of a widespread avifauna, species' distributions were historically different from today. In Baja California, the Cactus Wren and the Verdin show phylogeographic breaks at 28°–30°N, consistent with a division previously described in the LeConte's Thrasher (Toxostoma lecontei) and in some members of the herpetofauna. These genetic divisions were likely caused by isolation resulti...
From Savage to Negro: Anthropology and the Construction of Race, 1896-1954

From Savage to Negro: Anthropology and the Construction of Race, 1896-1954. Lee D. Baker. Berkeley, CA, and London, UK: University of California Press, 1998. xii. 325 pp., 14 black and white illustrations. (Cloth US$40, Paper US$17.95).
Hemphillian (Late Miocene) Snakes from Nebraska, with Comments on Arikareean Through Blancan Snakes of Midcontinental North America

ABSTRACT Middle and late Hemphillian (late Miocene) snakes from Nebraska were identified and interpreted. The mid-Hemphillian (ca. 7 Ma) Lemoyne Quarry of Keith Co., SW Nebraska yielded at least two boid, thirteen colubrid and two viperid snakes. The late Hemphillian (ca. 5 Ma) Devils Nest (Knox Co.), Santee (Knox Co.), and Mailbox Prospect (Antelope Co.) sites of NE Nebraska together yielded at least nine colubrids and one viperid snake. Twenty-four percent of the 16 mid-Hemphillian snake genera and 67% of the 12 species are extinct. Of the 9 genera and 7 species of late Hemphillian snakes, only Paleoheterodon tiheni is extinct. A snake from Lemoyne Quarry is described as new (Arizona voorhiesi). With this new information, the fossil record of Arikareean through Blancan (Miocene through Pliocene) snake genera from midcontinental North America suggests erycinine boids became extinct across the region by late Hemphillian time, and colubrid snakes became generically modern by early Blancan time. These event...
Comparison of antiemetics for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in an emergency department setting

Abstract Objective To compare time from medication administration to disposition from the Emergency Department (ED) between women treated for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy with different antiemetic agents. Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of women 13 weeks gestation or less treated in our Women and Infants Hospital ED for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy between 2009 and 2011. Data was collected on patient demographics, antiemetics used, and time to disposition. We analyzed time of administration of the antiemetic used first line (ondansetron versus metoclopramide versus promethazine or prochlorperazine) to time the discharge order was placed. Results We analyzed data from 439 women treated in the ED for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Forty-four percent received ondansetron alone, 47% received any other antiemetic alone, and 9% received more than one agent first line. Antiemetic agent selected did not differ by patient age, parity, current treatment for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, orthostatics, ketonuria or disposition. We found no difference in time from medication administration to disposition between women who received ondansetron and women who received any other antiemetic (metoclopramide, prochlorperazine or promethazine). Adjusting for potential confounders, compared to patients who received any other first line therapy, patients who received ondansetron had 2.09 times the odds of having a time to disposition at or above the 75th percentile (95% CI 1.31-3.34). Conclusions The use of ondansetron in the ED for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy was associated with similar mean time from administration to disposition as other antiemetics.
Alcoholism: Study boosts evidence on linkage regions associated with alcoholism.

Multiple studies are reporting linkage to regions on chromosomes 2 and 4 for alcoholism phenotypes. The linkage appears to be robust to both sample ascertainment and phenotype measurement. In a recent paper, Wilhelmsen et al1 reported linkage to regions on chromosomes 2 and 4 for quantitative phenotypes related to alcoholism. Using families from a sample selected for heavy smoking, linkage analyses were conducted for the total score on a commonly used screening instrument for alcoholism (the CAGE questionnaire) as well as measures of the quantity and frequency of drinking. Three different measures all resulted in peaks on chromosome 2 at 43 cM, with the LOD scores ranging between 2.0 and 3.4. This region on chromosome 2 has been linked with alcohol dependence in a report by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) group2 and is near a linkage peak reported in an analysis of heavy drinkers from the Framingham Heart Study.3
Osteoporosis and African American women

The incidence of osteoporosis and related fractures in African American women is half that of Caucasian women. African American women who sustain osteoporosis-related fractures have increased disability and decreased survival. Given the exponential increase in hip fracture rate among African American women over the age of 70 years, the risk of osteoporosis among this population may be underestimated. This review focuses on racial differences in women's bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism and on various explanations for these observed differences. Environmental risk factors for osteoporosis and related fractures among African American women and modalities for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are discussed. African American women begin menopause with higher BMD and have lower rates of women's bone loss after menopause, which account for their decreased incidence of osteoporosis and related fractures. The risk factors for osteoporosis among African American women are similar to those found in Caucasian women. Lifestyle interventions, such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation, smoking cessation, and increased physical activity, should be encouraged to enhance peak bone mass and to decrease bone loss. These interventions and other treatment modalities, such as hormone replacement therapy, bisphosphonates, and selective estrogen receptor modulators, should be studied further in African American women.
Wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy to correct ametropia following aspheric ReSTOR implantation.

PURPOSE To describe the clinical course of three eyes of two patients who underwent wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy to correct ametropia following cataract extraction and aspheric ReSTOR lens (SN6AD3; +4.00-diopter model) implantation. METHODS Pre-and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), manifest refraction, and WaveScans based on the Hartmann-Shack analyzer were evaluated. The VISX STAR S4 excimer with eye tracking and iris registration was used in all cases. RESULTS Good quality WaveScans were obtained; UCVA improved in all cases and BSCVA improved or remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS These cases demonstrate that it is possible to obtain good quality wavefront data in patients with the ReSTOR lens and to use such data to design wavefront-guided treatment to maximize uncorrected distance and near visual acuities after ReSTOR implantation.
Site-occupancy of bats in relation to forested corridors

Abstract Although use of corridors by some wildlife species has been extensively examined, use by bats is poorly understood. From 1 June to 31 August (2004–2005), we used Anabat II detectors to examine bat activity and species occupancy relative to forested corridors on an intensively managed forest landscape in southern South Carolina, USA. We compared bat activity among corridor interiors, corridor edges, and stands adjacent to corridors. We also compared models relating occupancy of bat species to site-level characteristics using an information theoretic approach. We identified 16,235 call sequences of 8 species and detected bat presence at 89% ( n = 320) of sites sampled. Our results indicate higher occupancy rates for bats along corridor edges compared to interior corridor or adjacent stands. Although we found few differences among species with respect to site-level characteristics, occupancy of all bat species was positively associated with corridor overstory height and negatively associated with adjacent stand age. The presence of roads adjacent to corridors positively influenced occupancy of Eptesicus fuscus , Lasiurus seminolus , and Perimyotis subflavus . Our results suggest management practices designed to create and enhance corridors may represent an ecologically sound method for maintaining important bat habitat features (i.e., edge) across managed forest landscapes.
Sarcoidosis: Sex-Dependent Variations in Presentation and Management

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease with a wide range of clinical presentations. The manifestations and prognosis in sarcoidosis are dependent upon not only organ involvement but also age and sex. The purpose of this review is to describe the systemic and ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis with a specific focus on sex-dependent difference in presentation and management. Sarcoidosis is more common in women, particularly in patients who present after age of 50 years. Women with sarcoidosis are more likely to develop cystoid macular edema and the mortality rate is higher than that of men.
Tolmetin and salicylate therapy in acute rheumatic fever: Comparison of clinical efficacy and side-effects

Background: The arthritis of rheumatic fever is very responsive to treatment with salicylates, but there are many adverse reactions, especially hepatotoxicity, due to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) therapy. These side-effects change the course and duration of rheumatic fever. Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be equally effective, although no reports are available. Methods: We studied 72 patients with rheumatic fever who were admitted to Dr Sami Ulus Children's Hospital between 1995 and 1999. Twenty patients with arthritis were treated with tolmetin (25 mg/kg per day; group I) and 52 patients with arthritis and/or mild carditis were put on aspirin therapy (75−100 mg/kg per day) for 4−6 weeks (group II). Arthritis had disappeared at the same time in both the aspirin and tolmetin groups (P = 0.675). Results: The erythrocyte sedimentation rates of patients upon admission, at the first week and at the end of therapy were not different in the two groups (P > 0.05). No adverse effect of tolmetin therapy was observed, whereas side-effects of salicylate were observed in 19 patients (36.5%) in the aspirin group. Hepatotoxicity, gastric irritation and salicylism were found in 16, four and three patients, respectively. Renal toxicity and Reye syndrome were not demonstrated. Because of these side-effects of aspirin, therapy had to be stopped for 10−20 days and the duration of hospitalization in this group was lengthened unnecessarily. Conclusion: Tolmetin was safe and effective treatment for arthritic rheumatic fever patients without carditis. Tolmetin can be used particularly in patients who cannot tolerate aspirin.
The effects of familiarization training on the learning of paired adjectives

The effect of familiarizing Ss with English adjectives which subsequently appear as items in a paired-associate task was investigated in three experiments. In Exp. I, performance on nonfamiliarized pairs was significantly better than on pairs in which both the stimuli and responses had been given familiarization training. The two methods of familiarization, a card method and an anticipation method, produced the same effect. Experiment II replicated the results of Exp. I. It was also shown that stimulus articulation did not alter the effect of familiarization training. In Exp. III, better performance was shown for nonfamiliarized pairs in comparison to pairs given response familiarization and again for pairs given stimulus and response familiarization. Stimulus familiarization had no effect.
Properties of a Diffusive Hydrograph and the Interpretation of Its Single Parameter

The mathematical properties of the normalized diffusive hydrograph allow for easy determination of intrinsic basin characteristics. These include lag times between storm events and peak flow, recession rate, and the total, temporally integrated flow volume, all in terms of a single parameter, the basin time constant “b”. This simple function displays surprising fidelity to measured hydrographs of springs and hundreds of streams and small rivers. We explain this fidelity by showing that the curvature of the theoretical hydrograph matches that of the natural hydrographs better than several alternate models, and by demonstrating that the simple hydrograph function can be integrated over a range of time constants (0 to b max ) to represent the hierarchy of flow paths of varying lengths that exist in real watersheds. Surprisingly, the unwieldy analytical results from this integration are almost numerically indistinguishable from a simple hydrograph using a single, suitably-weighted average for the time constant. The peak flow times are shifted slightly. The accuracy with which the simple hydrograph approximates the integrated results for hierarchies of hydrographs representing individual flow paths explains why the former can realistically describe the discharge behaviors of complex natural watersheds.
Stepwise simplex projection method for selection of endmembers in hyperspectral images

In previous research, we introduced a family of simplex projection methods for selection of endmembers in hyperspectral images. In this paper, we define a new member of that family, which we call the Stepwise Simplex Projection (SSP) method. This new method adds and eliminates endmembers based on their distances to simplexes defined by previously chosen endmembers. We compare the SSP method to a previously defined simplex projection method (called the Farthest Pixel Selection method) and to some other methods such as the Pixel Purity Index and Maximum Distance methods. To this end, we introduce several summary measures to describe how well a set of endmembers characterizes the image spectra. We also investigate how well the resulting sets of endmembers perform in subpixel target detection. The numerical results are based on AVIRIS hyperspectral imagery. The SSP method proves to be the most consistently well performing among the investigated methods.
Journal Writing Support for Students With Learning Disabilities

Writing can be a powerful tool for thinking and learning. Journaling is one form of writing that is a commonly used learning tool in many classrooms. Children use journals to record personal experi...
Parkinson's disease, melanoma, and levodopa.

Das gleichzeitige Vorkommen einer Parkinsonschen Krankheit und eines Melanoms ist selten. Es wurden bisher 5 Falle publiziert, und in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein sechster. Obwohl diese Koinzidenz der beiden Erkrankungen auch auf reinem Zufall beruhen konnte, mahnt doch der zeitliche Zusammenhang zwischen Beginn der Levodopa-Therapie und der Zunahme des Wachstums des Melanomgewebes zur Vorsicht bei der Verwendung von Levodopa zur Behandlung eines Parkinsons bei Patienten mit bekanntem Melanom.
New approaches to textual analysis in e-government research

In this panel, participants describe their current work in applying textual analytic methods to e-government data. Participants come from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds, focus on diverse types of e-government texts, and use a variety of quantitative and qualitative analytic methods in their work. They focus on what they have learned in applying these methods, along with the costs and benefits of their approaches.
Activity of edible mushrooms against the growth of human T4 leukemic cancer cells, HeLa cervical cancer cells, and Plasmodium falciparum

ABSTRACT Several edible Hymenomycete mushroom species have been screened as possible inhibitors of human T4 leukemic cancer cells, HeLa cervical cancer cells, Plasmodium falciparum (a pyrimethamine resistant malarial parasite), and six pathogenic microorganisms. Grifola frondosa, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, and Laetiporus sulphureus demonstrated activity against human T4 leukemic cancer cells. Grifola frondosa, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, and Lentinula aurantiacum demonstrated activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells. Pofyporus umbellatus, Russula xerampelina, Ganoderma lucidum, Trametes versicolor, Lentinula aurantiacum, Laetiporus sulphureus, Boletus variipes. Boletus queletii, Grifola frondosa, and Lentinula edodes demonstrated activity against Plasmodium falciparum. No activity was observed against the pathogenic microorganisms.
Anomalous Hall effect and magnetoresistance in the layered ferromagnet Fe 1 ∕ 4 Ta S 2 : The inelastic regime

The large magnetic anisotropy in the layered ferromagnet ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1∕4}\mathrm{Ta}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ leads to very sharp reversals of the magnetization $\mathbf{M}$ at the coercive field. We have exploited this feature to measure the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), focusing on the AHE conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{xy}^{A}$ in the inelastic regime. At low temperature $T$ $(5--50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{xy}^{A}$ is $T$ independent, consistent with the Berry-phase/Karplus-Luttinger theory. Above $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, we extract an inelastic AHE conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{xy}^{\mathit{in}}$ that scales as the square of $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rho}$ (the $T$ dependent part of the resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$). The term ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{xy}^{\mathit{in}}$ clarifies the $T$ dependence and sign reversal of the AHE coefficient ${R}_{s}(T)$. We discuss the possible ubiquity of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{xy}^{\mathit{in}}$ in ferromagnets and ideas for interpreting its scaling with ${(\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rho})}^{2}$. Measurements of the magnetoresistance (MR) reveal a rich pattern of behavior vs $T$ and field-tilt angle. We show that the two mechanisms, the anisotropic MR effect and field suppression of magnons, account for the intricate MR behavior, including the bow-tie features caused by the sharp reversals in $\mathbf{M}$.
A Study of Thermoelectric Methods for Determining Isotonicity

Abstract It is proposed that the isotonicity of a given aqueous solution shall be expressed as the weight per volume percentage of a sodium chloride solution found by a study of suitable colligative properties to be isotonic with it.Methods developed during the last decade for the electronic amplification and recording of thermal electromotive force values in the microvolt range suggest the advisability of making increased use of thermocouples and thermopiles in the study of colligative properties.It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the application of thermoelectric methods with emphasis on various modifications of the Hill-Baldes techniques for determining isotonicity by detecting and measuring slight differences in temperature arising from differences in vapor pressure of thermally isolated samples exposed in constant humidity chambers.Several modifications of thii technique are described, and the factors involved in the design of instruments for conveniently measuring isotonicity at any selected temperature are discussed.
Coils and Polygonal Crust in the Athabasca Valles Region, Mars, as Evidence for a Volcanic History

Athabasca Valles is a near-equatorial martian outflow channel that contains many well-preserved features whose formation and composition have been a point of contention. Large plates of terrain that have clearly fractured and drifted may have once been ice rafts or the rocky solidification crust of a large lava flow. We have identified 269 spiral coils ranging from 5 to 30 meters wide on the polygonally patterned interplate terrain that are morphologically consistent with terrestrial lava coils that form in zones of flow shear. This patterned terrain also exhibits signs of fracture and drift, indicating that it is platelike as well. The coils in the Athabasca region are inconsistent with ice rheology, and the plates, spirals, and polygons are interpreted to be of volcanic origin.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Bipolar Disorder in Children and their Coexisting Comorbidity: A Challenge for Family Counselors

Those affected by mental illness are diagnosed and treated differently depending on the person’s particular age and on the particular illness. Adults that have been diagnosed with attention deficit hyper-activity disorder (ADHD)(considered a childhood disorder), are often treated using childhood symptomatology and criteria. Conversely, children diagnosed with bipolar disorder (considered an adult disorder) may experience misdiagnosis and ineffective treatment based on adult criteria. As researchers have found, neither illness is age specific and both children and adults can be affected by either disease. Also found in research is a coexisting comorbidity. Due to the expansiveness of the literature regarding both topics, children are the chosen population of study for this article. The purpose of this study is to examine both ADHD and bipolar disorder particularly in children and their coexisting comorbidity.
A Reconfigurable Antenna-Based Solution for Stationary Device Authentication in Wireless Networks

Applying channel information for user authentication is gaining attention in the area of wireless network security. Similarly, reconfigurable antennas capable of generating multiple decorrelated channel realizations have become increasingly popular in wireless systems. In this paper we propose and evaluate a channel-based authentication scheme that applies the capabilities of a pattern reconfigurable antenna for improved performance in user authentication. Field measurements of the channel frequency response employing such an antenna were performed to quantify the performance of the proposed scheme. Based on these measurements, we show the effect of correlation that exists between the different modes on the authentication performance. Furthermore, the performance gain that can be achieved by the scheme is studied as a function of the number of antenna modes. Offline mode analysis is performed to give a loose upper bound on performance while online mode analysis results are presented to quantify achievable authentication performance in realtime. A general guideline on how to choose the different elements of the decision metric in order to realize better performance for physical layer-based authentication schemes based on any diversity scheme is also developed.
Simulation by NCSWAP of seasonal nitrogen dynamics in corn. I: Soil nitrate

Computer simulation models of crop-soil systems offer the potential to increase understanding of soil N cycle processes, thereby improving management of N resources in agricultural systems. NCSWAP (Nitrogen, Carbon, Soil, Water, And Plant) is a comprehensive, deterministic computer model of the plant-soil system that simulates seasonal soil C and N cycles under the control of temperature, moisture, microbial activity, and crop growth. The objective of this study was to validate NCSWAP using data collected during a 3-yr N-rate study in central Pennsylvania that investigated seasonal N dynamics in corn (Zea mays L.) provided with N as liquid dairy manure of as NH 4 NO 3 [...]
Complications and perioperative factors associated with learning the technique of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).

Abstract Before the advent of minimally invasive spine surgery (MIS), open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) was performed to treat spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, and spondylolysis. Minimally invasive TLIF has recently become more popular based upon the premise that a smaller, less traumatic incision should afford better recovery and outcomes. However, the learning curve associated with this technique must be considered. To analyze the perioperative factors associated with the learning curve in patients who underwent MIS TLIF versus open TLIF, we identified 22 patients who underwent TLIF from 2005 to 2008 within levels L4–S1 by the senior author (D.C.). Patients were subdivided into two groups according to whether they underwent: (i) MIS TLIF (10 patients, the first MIS TLIF procedures performed by D.C.); or (ii) open TLIF (12 patients). Preoperative, perioperative and postoperative factors were evaluated. Patients who underwent MIS TLIF had a statistically significant lower intraoperative transfusion rate, and rate of required postoperative surgical drains; and shorter periods of required drainage, and time to ambulation. However, the MIS TLIF group tended to have a higher rate of complications, which might have been associated with the learning curve. Both groups had a minimum of 1-year follow-up.