cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adoptive transfer of tumor-primed, in vitro-activated, CD4+ T effector cells (TEs) combined with CD8+ TEs provides intratumoral TE proliferation and synergistic antitumor response.

The importance of CD4+ Th1 cells during the effector phase of the antitumor response has been overshadowed by emphasis on CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). To determine their respective functions, we purified antigen-primed T cells from tumor-draining lymph nodes and separately activated CD4+ and CD8+ subsets in vitro. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T effector cells (TEs) combined with CD8+ TEs provided synergistic therapy for mice bearing subcutaneous, intracranial, or advanced pulmonary metastases. CD4+ TEs augmented IFN-γ production by CD8+ TEs when cells were stimulated by tumor digest–containing antigen-presenting cells (APCs). CD4+ TEs infiltrated and proliferated extensively in pulmonary tumors, while also stimulating tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cells. By contrast, CD8+ TEs showed minimal intratumoral proliferation in the absence of CD4+ cells or when systemically transferred CD4+ cells were prevented from infiltrating pulmonary tumors by pretreatment with pertussis toxin. Irradiation of CD4+ T cells immediately prior to adoptive transfer abrogated their intratumoral proliferation and direct antitumor efficacy but did not block their capacity to stimulate intratumoral CD8+ TE proliferation or tumor regression. These results highlight the importance of cross-presentation of tumor antigens during the effector phase of immunotherapy and suggest that approaches to stimulate CD4+ TE function and boost APC cross-presentation within tumors will augment cancer immunotherapy.
Metalloporphyrin mixed-valence π-cation radicals: [Fe(oxoOEC(•/2))(Cl)]2SbCl6, structure, magnetic properties, and near-IR spectra.

The preparation and characterization of a mixed-valence π-cation radical derivative of an iron(III) oxochlorinato complex is reported. The new complex has been synthesized by the one-electron oxida...
Site-Directed Spin-Labeling Study of the Structure and Subunit Interactions along a Conserved Sequence in the α-Crystallin Domain of Heat-Shock Protein 27. Evidence of a Conserved Subunit Interface†

Site-directed spin-labeling (SDSL) was used to investigate the secondary structure, solvent accessibility, and tertiary and quaternary interactions along the sequence located between residues 133 and 144 in the α-crystallin domain of human heat-shock protein 27 (HSP 27). The sequence is conserved among mammalian sHSP and shows similarity to the region of highest homology between αA- and αB-crystallins. Eleven sequential single cysteine mutants were prepared and reacted with a sulfhydryl-specific spin-label. The accessibilities of attached nitroxide side chains to a paramagnetic probe in the aqueous solution were determined. Spectral line shapes were analyzed in terms of side-chain mobility and spatial proximity to nearby nitroxides. The sequence-specific mobilities and accessibilities varied with a period of 2, consistent with the presence of a β-strand along the sequence. At even sites, the nitroxide environment is highly ordered with virtually no accessibility to the hydrophilic probe, indicating that o...
Genetic analysis of tumorigenesis: a conserved region in the human and Chinese hamster genomes contains genetically identified tumor-suppressor genes.

Abstract Regional chromosome homologies were found in a comparison of human 11p with Chinese hamster 3p. By use of probes that recognize six genes of human 11p (INS, CAT, HBBC, CALC, PTH, and HRAS), the corresponding genes were localized by in situ hybridization on Chinese hamster chromosome 3. INS and CAT were located close to the centromere on 3p, whereas HBBC, CALC, and PTH were at 3q3-4 and HRAS at 3q4. Extensive prior data from chromosome studies of tumorigenic and tumor-derived Chinese hamster cells have suggested the presence of a tumor-suppressor gene on 3p. Two tumor-suppressor genes have been described on human 11p, one linked to CAT and one to INS. The present study raises the possibility that the Chinese hamster suppressor may be closely linked to INS or CAT.
Isoform-Specific Modulation of Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels by Calmodulin

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-sensing protein that binds to Na+ channels, with unknown functional consequences. Wild-type CaM produced a hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state availability of ex...
Apostles of Modernity: Saint-Simonians and the Civilizing Mission in Algeria. By Osama W. Abi-Mershed

(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010), xii + 328 pp. $60.00 cloth. In much of the literature devoted to the French colonizing endeavors in Algeria, there is a tendency to write about nine...
A framework for collaborative information environments and unified access to distributed digital content

In this demo, we will present two prototypes of digital information portals developed using a new common framework: The High Performance Computing Virtual Consultant and the Tsunami Digital Library. This framework supports the creation of digital library portals that include not only local data but distributed content that is not under the control of the portal maintainers, such as remote web sites. The framework provides a common user interface across all resources, even if the resources are served by a remote web site. Furthermore, the framework contains features that support effective low maintenance operation and intelligent learning search and layout algorithms.
ATTACK PRODUCED BY INTERMITTENT REINFORCEMENT OF A CONCURRENT OPERANT RESPONSE1

Squirrel monkeys pressed a lever to produce food on several fixed-ratio schedules; they could also bite a rubber hose. Biting attack occurred during the postreinforcement pause and in early portions of the ratio response run. Also, biting attacks increased after transitions to higher values of the fixed-ratio requirement and in extinction. The results show that extinction-induced aggression effects occur in primates.
On the excitation of long nonlinear water waves by a moving pressure distribution. Part 2. Three-dimensional effects

The three-dimensional wave pattern generated by a moving pressure distribution of finite extent acting on the surface of water of depth h is studied. It is shown that, when the pressure distribution travels at a speed near the linear-long-wave speed, the response is governed by a forced nonlinear Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation, which describes a balance between linear dispersive, nonlinear and three-dimensional effects. It is deduced that, in a channel of finite width 2w, three-dimensional effects are negligible if w [Lt ] h2/a, a being a typical wave amplitude; in such a case the governing equation reduces to the forced Korteweg-de Vries equation derived in previous studies. For aw/h2 = O(1), however, three-dimensional effects are important; numerical calculations based on the KP equation indicate that a series of straight-crested solitons are radiated periodically ahead of the source and a three-dimensional wave pattern forms behind. The predicted dependencies on channel width of soliton amplitude and period of soliton formation compare favourably with the experimental results of Ertekin, Webster & Wehausen (1984). In a channel for which aw/h2 [Gt ] 1, three-dimensional, unsteady disturbances appear-ahead of the pressure distribution.
Sunscreens, skin photobiology, and skin cancer: the need for UVA protection and evaluation of efficacy.

Sunscreens are ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-absorbing chemicals that attenuate the amount and nature of UVR reaching viable cells in the skin. They are selected and tested for their ability to prevent erythema. No sunscreen prevents photodamage, as it has been demonstrated that suberythemal doses of UVR cause a variety of molecular changes (including DNA damage) in these cells. Furthermore, the spectrum of UVR reaching viable cells is altered by topically applied sunscreen. In this review, the basic aspects of sunscreens and skin photobiology are reviewed briefly. Although there can be no question concerning the efficacy of sunscreens for the prevention of erythema, questions remain because of the possible cumulative effects of chronic suberythemal doses and the increased exposure of skin cells to longer UVR wavelengths. The current major issue surrounding sunscreens involves their ability to protect skin cells against the effects of UVA radiation. These UVA effects may be direct damage (base oxidations) or effects on the skin immune system, yet there is no uniformly accepted method for the evaluation of UVA protection. This review is focused primarily on the latter topic covering action spectra that implicate the need for UVA protection. In addition, in vivo and in vitro methods proposed for the evaluation of candidate sunscreen formulations of UVA protective ability are reviewed. Finally, revisions in the terminology used to describe the protection afforded by sunscreens are suggested. It is proposed that SPF ("sun" protection factor) be renamed "sunburn" protection factor and that "critical wavelength" be designated "long wave index."
A bone sample cleaning method using trypsin for the isolation of DNA

Cleaning the surface of bone samples is a necessary step to remove contaminants prior to isolating DNA for forensic DNA analysis. In this study, a simple trypsin method for cleaning bone samples prior to DNA isolation was developed. Cleaning the surface of human bone samples was achieved by the application of trypsin solution. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy results indicated that trypsin treatment was effective in removing the outer surface of bone samples. The yield of DNA isolated from trypsin-treated bone samples was sufficient for subsequent short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. STR analysis revealed no adverse effect on the DNA profile after the trypsin treatment. The data suggest that this trypsin method can potentially be an alternative cleaning method to mechanical cleaning methods.
Opposite effects of lead on chemical carcinogenesis in kidney and liver of rats.

The vast number of animal experiments designed to determine the tumorigenic effects of carcinogenic substances relate to a single compound and its effect upon one or more target tissues. Less commonly pursued are the interactions and results which may arise from the combination of two or more potential carcinogens in an experimental situation. One potentially important factor in the metabolism and ultimate fate of carcinogenic compounds in animal systems could be the degree of exposure of the animals to environmental pollutants, for example heavy metals. Recent evidence suggests that microsomal function may be inhibited or enhanced by specific heavy metal compounds.
Measurement of the Velocity of the Crystal-Liquid Interface in Pulsed Laser Annealing of Si

The conductance of Au-doped Si single crystals was measured during irradiation with 30-nsec $Q$-switched ruby-laser pulses at energy densities above the Si melting threshold (\ensuremath{\sim}0.9 J/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$). The sample conductance is determined primarily by the thickness of the molten layer so that the solid-liquid interface velocity can be found from the current transient. The interface velocity during crystallization was found to be 2.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 m/sec, in close agreement with calculated values based on a heat-flow model.
Coordination Models Based on a Formal Model of Distributed Object Reflection

We propose a family of models of coordination of distributed object systems representing different views, with refinement relations between the different views. We start with distributed objects interacting via asynchronous message passing. The semantics of such a system is a set of event partial orders (event diagrams) giving the interactions during possible system executions. A global coordination requirement is a constraint on the allowed event diagrams. A system coordination specification consists of a meta-level coordinator that controls message delivery in the system according to a given global policy. The system-wide coordination can be refined/distributed using coordinators for disjoint subsystems that communicate with their peers to enforce the global policy. By a further transformation the meta-level can be replaced by systematically transformed base-level objects communicating via a controller object. The coordination models are formalized in rewriting logic using the Reflective Russian Dolls model of distributed object reflection. The general ideas are illustrated with several examples.
Selecting among replicated batching video-on-demand servers

A Video-on-Demand (VoD) service offers a large selection of videos from which customers can choose. Designers of VoD systems strive to achieve low access latency for customers. One approach that has been investigated by several researchers allows the server to batch clients requesting the same video and to serve clients in the same batch with one multicast video stream. This approach has the advantage that it can save server resources as well as server access and network bandwidth, thus allowing the server to handle a large number of customers without sacrificing access latency. VoD server replication is another approach that can allow a VoD service to handle a large number of clients, albeit at the additional cost of providing more servers. While replication is an effective way to increase the service capacity, it needs to be coupled with appropriate selection techniques in order to make efficient use of the increased capacity. In this paper, we investigate the design of server selection techniques for a system of replicated batching VoD servers. We design and evaluate a range of selection algorithms as they would be applied to three batching approaches: Batching with Persistent Channel Allocation, Patching, and Hierarchical Multicast Stream Merging (HMSM). We demonstrate that server replication combined with appropriate server selection scheme can indeed be used to increase the capacity of the service leading to improved performance.
Heparin/endothelial cell growth supplement regulates matrix gene expression and prolongs life span of vascular smooth muscle cells through modulation of interleukin-1

Vascular smooth muscle cells produce and respond to interleukin-1, a cytokine which modifies inflammation-associated vascular activities including the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. We have established vascular smooth muscle cells culture conditions in which heparin, in the presence of endothelial cell growth supplement, promotes cell proliferation and inhibits interleukin-1 and matrix protein expression. To test whether interleukin-1 mediates growth and matrix modulation by heparin/endothelial cell growth supplement, vascular smooth muscle cells were transfected with an Epstein-Barr virus-derived expression vector designed to express interleukin-1 antisense transcripts. RNase protection and ELISA assays demonstrated a complete block of interleukin-1 transcription and protein synthesis. Northern blot analysis also showed that interleukin-1 antisense decreased the expression of matrix genes such as type I collagen, fibronectin, and decorin similar to downregulation after heparin/endothelial cell growth supplement treatment. In contrast, the expression of versican was not affected, indicating a selective suppression of matrix proteins. In addition, interleukin-1 antisense significantly prolonged the life span of vascular smooth muscle cells in culture. Our data suggest that heparin/endothelial cell growth supplement induces matrix remodeling and controls growth and senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells through down-regulation of interleukin-1.
Strategies for mesh-handling and model specification within a highly flexible simulation framework

We describe an approach to solving a general system of coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations and their associated boundary conditions, by means of general discretization schemes, on an arbitrary triangular/rectangular mesh with emphasis on the techniques used to make the specification of the equations as simple as possible on a very general class of mesh. Both the mesh and the system of partial differential equations are specified in input files. Software has been implemented which permits a simple mesh-labeling system to be employed in the equation specification. The mesh can be divided into named regions and the labeling allows the equation specification to simply state by name to which region the equation applies without any restrictions. This greatly simplifies the setting up and modification of the geometrical and physical aspects of the problem specification. In addition, we show how complicated discretization schemes may easily be implemented as user-defined functions which the software can symbolically differentiate and symbolically manipulate as necessary for use during the solution procedure.
Aortic valve tumor: an unusual cause of coronary obstruction during cardiac catheterization.

Coronary artery obstruction during cardiac catheterization is a rare but serious complication that has been reported to occur in 0.15 to 0.5% of cases [1,2]. The most common causes of intraprocedural coronary occlusion include thromboembolism, air embolism, and coronary dissection. This report describes the angiographic findings of a patient who developed chest pain with electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia due to obstruction of the right coronary artery by an aortic valve tumor.
Managing the tradeoffs in the digital transformation of an educational board game to a computer-based simulation

There is a need for new pedagogical strategies to educate the current generation of engineering students who are still typically taught using standard lecture practices. The desire to address complex technological and social issues in an engaged manner inspired the development of a prototype board game created to raise the awareness of environmental issues in engineering. As part of a graduate thesis, the board game Shortfall was designed for in-class play by undergraduate and graduate engineering students and business students. The game structure was based on team competition of "companies" in the automobile supply chain, with the game objective set to achieve the highest profit. In 2005, it was evident that developments in digital technology allowed new opportunities to engage students in collaborative and active learning. A team of engineers, educators and designers further developed the board game with more in-depth scenarios and graphic organization. The game was then play tested and assessed learning and game play as an initial step in the process of developing a multi-player computer-based version of Shortfall.Student feedback from play testing, focus groups and surveys provided insights for redesigning the game for the computer platform. Two senior undergraduate engineering students in an independent study took these results and have created a prototype computer-based simulation designed as an experimental educational technology for an engineering course on environmentally benign manufacturing. This prototype was created to be the first computer-based step towards a fully networked multiplayer implementation. The transformation from board game to computer-based simulation presented many new challenges and tradeoffs, which are detailed in this paper. The goal was to maintain the core mechanics of the board game so that intellectual merit was not lost in translation while forging the first computer-based implementation.
Edge modelling of ICRF heated plasmas on PLT

Theoretical models are presented to explain the edge plasma-antenna interaction that occurs during ICRF heating. The periodic structure of the Faraday shield is found to result in strong ponderomotive force in the vicinity of the antenna. A fluid model, which incorporates the ponderomotive force, predicts an increase in particle transport to the Faraday shield. Kinetic modelling shows that the strong antenna near-fields act to increase the energy of deuterons that strike the shield, thereby increasing the sputtering of shield material. In addition, kinetic modelling shows that E1 induced between adjacent shield elements acts to heat edge electrons that transit close to the antenna. The predictions of the models are shown to be consistent with measurements of enhanced transport on PLT.
The effect of a seed source on primary succession in a forest ecosystem

An analysis of the Relative Importance Value Index (RIVI) of later successional tree species and the Shannon diversity indexH′ of all tree and shrub species was undertaken on previously mined sites within a sparsely forested area in central Florida, USA. A comparative analysis of the distance to a seed source and the age of a site suggested that the distance to a seed source was the best predictor (R 2=0.85) of the regeneration of the later successional species and a good predictor of species diversity. Both theRIVI of the later successional species and the diversity index decreased with the distance from the seed source. The lack of a seed source containing climax species resulted in arrested succession at some sites. It is suggested that biological information is the causative means of succession and the dispersal of this information entails spatial dependency while its introduction and development are time dependent processes.
Defeasible reasoning and logic programming

The general conditions of epistemic defeat are naturally represented through the interplay of two distinct kinds of entailment, deductive and defeasible. Many of the current approaches to modeling defeasible reasoning seek to define defeasible entailment via model-theoretic notions like truth and satisfiability, which, I argue, fails to capture this fundamental distinction between truthpreserving and justification-preserving entailments. I present an alternative account of defeasible entailment and show how logic programming offers a paradigm in which the distinction can be captured, allowing for the modeling of a larger range of types of defeat. This is possible through a natural extension of the declarative and procedural semantics of Horn clauses.
Decentralized M-ary detection via hierarchical binary decision fusion

Abstract We consider the distributed M-ary detection problem. The M-ary decision-making process is implemented via a sequence of binary decision-making processes. The resulting binary decisions represent a hierarchical partition of the M-ary object space, which is organized in the form of a binary decision tree. This approach breaks a complex M-ary decision fusion problem into a set of much simpler binary decision fusion problems. We first develop a method for partitioning the M-ary object space. We then obtain the optimal decision rules that the fusion center and the sensors employ at the internal nodes of the binary decision tree. The results are illustrated in an example.
The value of post-operative radiographs in clinical management of AO type A distal radius fractures

The value of post-operative radiographs following stabilization of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen (AO) type A distal radius fractures with volar locking plates is unclear. We examined the value of post-operative radiographs of type A fractures treated with volar locking plates. A retrospective review was performed on all AO type A distal radius fractures treated with volar locking plates between 2007 and 2010 at two institutions. A total of 158 patients receiving 446 sets of post-operative radiographs were included. Reviewing all clinic, emergency, and operative notes, we found that 94% of radiographs were performed as routine follow-up, with no set of post-operative radiographs demonstrating findings of hardware/fracture site complications. All cases requiring further workup or interventions were heralded by patient complaints. Routine post-operative radiographs following volar locking plates for extra-articular distal radius fractures did not demonstrably alter clinical decision making; thi...
24GHZ dual core PLL design for 60 GHz transceiver and efficient validation methodology

Design and validation of millimeter-wave (MMW) devices is a significant challenge due to the design difficulties in meeting GHz performance constraints and the cost and complexity of test instrumentation needed to validate the circuits. In this paper a 1-V dual-core 24GHz PLL design is presented and it is shown how relatively low cost test instruments utilizing incoherent undersampling can be used to verify the noise performance of a PLL. The 24GHz PLL is implemented to provide more frequency margin and reliability for a 60GHz super-heterodyne transceiver. The incoherent undersampling method is proposed to test different performances of the PLL. Measurement results applying a sampling frequency below 1 GHz are shown for frequency reconstruction and jitter separation.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIPOLYTIC AND MELANOTROPIC PROPERTIES OF NEUROPHYSIN PROTEINS

Previous work indicated that brain contains 3 types of lipolytic-melanotropic peptide: (1) in adenohypophysis: ACTH, alpha-MSH, beta-MSH, peptide I, peptide L', beta-lipotropin and gamma-lipotropin; (2) in neurohypophysis: peptide 7D6, also termed neurophysin I, peptide II or Wuu-Saffran peptide; (3) in extrahypophyseal regions: peptide IIF. Bovine and human neurophysin I prepared by R. Walter has now been found devoid of lipolytic and melanotropic activities. Porcine and bovine peptide 7D6, closely similar or identical to bovine neurophysin I in electrophoretic mobility and amino acid composition, were therefore reexamined to determine whether their lipolytic-melanotropic property resided in a contaminating factor. When peptide 7D6 was analyzed in 100 transfer counter current distribution (1 butanol/0.1M NH4 HCO3), the neurophysin was recovered in tubes 1-9 (7D6-alpha) representing 95% of 7D6. 7D6-alpha was inactive in lipolytic and melanotropic assays. The biologic activities of 7D6 were recovered instead in tubes 50-70 (labeled 7D6-beta), representing 5% of 7D6. 7D6-beta proved to be a peptide with MW 1000-3000, closely similar to peptide IIF in amino acid composition, MW, and Rf values in 4 systems of paper chromatography.
Streptococcal infection of the temporomandibular joint of hematogenous origin: a case report and contemporary therapy.

Infectious arthritis involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) rarely occurs. Many organisms are capable of causing this problem, but the most likely include Neisseria gonococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus influenzae. Patients who develop these infections usually have an underlying predisposition and/or an abnormal joint. 1 The pathogenesis of this infection is either local spread or hematogenous seeding secondary to a systemic process. Several authors have estimated that TMJ septic arthritis accounts for up to 15% of all patients with TMJ pathoses, whereas patients presenting with septic polyarthritis have the TMJ involved up to 15% of the time.2 Failure to initially diagnose infectious arthritis of the TMJ may result in untoward sequelae such as joint dysfunction, alterations in growth, fibrosis, and ankylosis.3-7 This report describes a case of streptococcal arthritis of the TMJ that was successfully treated. Report of a Case
Enhancing lactose crystallization in aqueous solutions by soluble soybean polysaccharide

Abstract Increasing the crystallization rate without compromising purity is critical to lactose recovery from cheese whey. In this study, soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS), a low viscosity polysaccharide, was studied for the impact on lactose crystallization. SSPS was dissolved at 0–1.0% w/w in 40% w/w lactose solutions to study spontaneous and seeded (with 0.5% w/w lactose crystals) crystallization at 30 °C. The addition of SSPS enhanced the crystallization that was the most significant at 0.1% w/w SSPS, resulting from the facilitation of nucleation. Further addition of SSPS to 0.5% and 1.0% w/w increased sample viscosity and reduced the crystal growth and therefore yield. The purity and structure of lactose crystals were not affected by addition of SSPS, based on DSC, FTIR, and XRD. A high (54.7%) yield of lactose crystals in 24 h after adding 0.1% SSPS and 0.5% w/w seed showed the great potential of SSPS to facilitate lactose recovery.
First-generation holographic recording solutions for grazing incidence systems

We present two first generation holographic recording solutions suitable for use in converging beam, grazing incidence applications. The aberration control of both solutions is excellent, providing detector limited spatial and spectral resolution over most of the usable bandpass. The solutions provide either a astigmatism minimized or spectral resolution optimized solutions. These gratings can be produced at a substantially reduced cost compared to their mechanically ruled counterparts and with significantly less scatter.
Creating Texture Exemplars from Unconstrained Images

Texture is an essential feature in modeling the appearance of objects and is instrumental in making virtual objects appear interesting and/or realistic. Unfortunately, obtaining textures is a labor intensive task requiring parameter tuning for procedural methods or careful photography and post-processing for natural images. Many texture synthesis techniques have been developed to generate textures of arbitrary spatial extent, but these techniques require the user to first produce an exemplar consisting solely of the desired texture. We present a fast method using diffusion manifolds to locate textures in unconstrained photographs, and extract exemplar tiles. The method requires the user to only specify a single point within the image containing the desired texture and the scale of the desired texture. The user may tune the result using simple interactions. The method is non-local, in the sense that the desired texture does not have to appear in a single contiguous region in the source image. This document is a summary of our work and system. A full account is available online.
A facile synthesis of functionally complex isoxazole derivatives

Abstract Metalation of 2(4′-Isoxazolyl)-Δ 2 -oxazolines takes place initially and selectively on the C-5′-alkyl group. Subsequent metalation also proceeds at this position. Selective deprotection of the oxazoline was accomplished without disturbing the isoxazole ring.
Lipid metabolism of brain tissue in culture.

Tissue explants from frontal lobes of rat brain were used for the study of cerebral fatty acid metabolism. After tissues had been maintained in serum-supplemented medium, a lipid free medium was substituted and metabolic studies were carried out. Under these conditions explants continued to take up lipid precursors for at least 48 hr. Stearic acid 1-C14, palmitic acid 1-C14 and lignoceric acid 1-C14 were bound to cells as the free fatty acids or incorporafed into neutral lipids (particularly triglycerides), glycolipids and phospholipids. In the galactolipid fraction, cerebrosides were the principal radioactive lipids. Choline phosphoglycerides, ethanolamine phosphoglycerides, inositol phosphoglycerides and serine phosphoglycerides were the principal radioactive phospholipids. Fatty acids were incorporated into cellular lipids either unchanged or after desaturation, chain elongation, or both. In a patient with a demyelinating disease, precursor uptake was reduced and chain elongation and desaturation of the fatty acid was diminished. In a patient with generalized GM2 gangliosidosis, glycolipids other than cerebrosides were labeled to a greater extent than normal. These studies exemplify the usefulness of tissue explants for prolonged metabolic studies in normal and pathological specimens of brain.
Polo-like kinase 4 autodestructs by generating its Slimb-binding phosphodegron

Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) is a conserved master regulator of centriole assembly. Previously, we found that Drosophila Plk4 protein levels are actively suppressed during interphase. Degradation of interphase Plk4 prevents centriole overduplication and is mediated by the ubiquitin-ligase complex SCF(Slimb/βTrCP). Since Plk4 stability depends on its activity, we studied the consequences of inactivating Plk4 or perturbing its phosphorylation state within its Slimb-recognition motif (SRM). Mass spectrometry of in-vitro-phosphorylated Plk4 and Plk4 purified from cells reveals that it is directly responsible for extensively autophosphorylating and generating its Slimb-binding phosphodegron. Phosphorylatable residues within this regulatory region were systematically mutated to determine their impact on Plk4 protein levels and centriole duplication when expressed in S2 cells. Notably, autophosphorylation of a single residue (Ser293) within the SRM is critical for Slimb binding and ubiquitination. Our data also demonstrate that autophosphorylation of numerous residues flanking S293 collectively contribute to establishing a high-affinity binding site for SCF(Slimb). Taken together, our findings suggest that Plk4 directly generates its own phosphodegron and can do so without the assistance of an additional kinase(s).
Database Support for Weighted Match Joins

As relational database management systems are applied to non-traditional domains such as scientific data management, there is an increasing need to support queries with semantics that differ from those appropriate for traditional RDBMS applications. Two interesting ideas currently being explored in the DBMS community are ranking query results (e.g., top-k computations) and, more recently, "match joins." In this paper we combine these two ideas and study weighted match joins, in which (a) like match joins, each tuple joins with at most one matching tuple, and (b) like top-k joins, the system attempts to provide a set of answer tuples that maximizes a weight function. We explore exact and approximate strategies for evaluating weighted match joins. Using a prototype implementation in PostgreSQL, we explore the performance characteristics of these strategies. Our results suggest that the DBMS optimization-based approach of providing several implementations of an operator and then choosing an appropriate one at run time can be useful in computing weighted match joins.
Clostridium perfringens meningitis, Plesiomonas shigelloides sepsis: A lethal combination

Background: Anaerobic bacterial meningitis is rare. It is extremely unusual without a portal of entry as most cases reported have been associated with trauma or neurosurgery.
On linear dimension reduction for multiclass classification of Gaussian mixtures

Linear dimension reduction (LDR) offers a computationally attractive approach to feature extraction. Specifically for classification, numerous methods of LDR have been proposed. Many LDR algorithms implicitly or explicitly assume the Gaussian data model to derive LDR criteria. Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) offer the accuracy and flexibility that can be achieved with non-parametric models as well as the advantage of parametric representation. In this paper, we develop an LDR method that is applicable for multiclass classification of GMMs. This method is based on a novel upper bound we derive for the classification error rate of GMMs in terms of the Chernoff distance between the Gaussian mixture components. We then present a gradient descent algorithm to minimize the bound with respect to the LDR transformation. The resulting linear transformation achieves higher classification rates than the classical methods and is competitive to the state-of-the-art LDR methods.
Fibrinoid and the fetal‐maternal interface of the rat placenta

Fetal-maternal interfaces of rat placentas, obtained from midgestation to term, were examined for their content of electron-dense fibrinoid. Although increased amounts of interfacial fibrinoid were noted as the time of parturition was approached, at no time did fibrinoid form an intact, electron-dense barrier between the fetal trophoblast giant cells and the maternal decidual cells of the definitive rat placenta. Large areas of apparently viable fetal trophoblast and viable maternal decidua were intimately juxtaposed throughout the latter half of pregnancy. It is concluded that a poorly discontinuous layer of fibrinoid cannot serve as an effective barrier to a proposed flow of transplantation antigens from the fetoplacental unit to the maternal host.
Anesthetic and technical considerations in redo coronary artery bypass surgery using sternal-sparing approaches.

REOPERATIVE CORONARY ARTERY bypass grafting (CABG) has decreased significantly in the previous 20 ears, likely because of the increased availability of percutaeous coronary intervention (PCI).1 Reoperative surgery using he classic trans-sternal approach is more technically challengng than primary surgery and is associated with an increased isk of major complications and death.2,3 There is an increased isk of injury to patent bypass grafts, the great vessels, and right entricle during sternal re-entry. Manipulation of the aorta or iseased bypass grafts can precipitate embolization and cause troke or myocardial infarction.2,4,5 Reoperative sternotomy also is associated with prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, an increased risk of sternal wound infections, and postoperative mediastinitis.2,5 Patients undergoing reoperative sternotomy often have regional ischemia with patent grafts or native vessels to other territories. Although sternotomy provides the best exposure for global access to the myocardium, when only regional access is required, limited-access nonsternotomy approaches are an attractive option. Collectively, these are known as minimally invasive direct CABG (MIDCAB). In addition to the standard monitoring, there are specific anesthetic considerations for nonsternotomy approaches in reoperative coronary surgery. These include the possible use of lung separation techniques and the need for external defibrillator pads. In addition, it is imperative to be prepared for catastrophic events and longer surgical times. An avoidance of CPB affords the benefit of avoiding the coagulopathic derangements that occur on CPB, including platelet, fibrinogen, and coagulation factor dysfunction and dilution. Another common coagulopathic consequence of CPB is fibrinolysis. During off-pump CABG, the use of fibrinolytics usually is not needed. The authors present 3 patients who underwent nonsternotomy approaches to CABG. The surgical approach for each patient was chosen based on vessel involvement.
Internal friction and modulus behaviour of gamma irradiated NaCl Crystals

Abstract : The internal friction and modulus of single crystals of NaCl have been measured during the irradiation of the sample by Co-60 gammas. Since the strain amplitude-independent internal friction is at present only explained in terms of the pinned dislocation theory a test of the theory is important. Time dependence of the decrement and modulus as a useful criterion for the validity of the theory was investigated. This follows from the loop length dependence of the decrement and delta E/E. The generation of point defects during gamma irradiation results in the pinning of dislocation loops of the network due to the interaction between the point defects and dislocations. The experimental results of this study seem to indicate that the loop-length dependence predicted by the pinned-dislocation model is the one observed for the modulus defect and deterion for the validity of the theory was investigated. This follows from the loop length dependence of the decrement and delta E/E. The generation of point defects during gamma irradiation results in the pinning of dislocation loops of the network due to the interaction between the point defects and dislocations. The experimental results of this study seem to indicate that the loop-length der pendence predicted by the pinned-dislocation model is the one observed for the modulus defect and deterion for the validity of the theory was investigated. This follows from the loop length dependence of the decrement and delta E/E. The generation of point defects during gamma irradiation results in the pinning of dislocation loops of the network due to the interaction between the point defects and dislocations. The experimental results of this study seem to indicate that the loop-length dement. (Author)
Cell-Intrinsic In Vivo Requirement for the E47–p21 Pathway in Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Major regulators of long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC) self-renewal and proliferation have been identified, but knowledge of their in vivo interaction in a linear pathway is lacking. In this study, we show a direct genetic link between the transcription factor E47 and the major cell cycle regulator p21 in controlling LT-HSC integrity in vivo under repopulation stress. Numerous studies have shown that E47 activates p21 transcription in hematopoietic subsets in vitro, and we now reveal the in vivo relevance of the E47-p21 pathway by reducing the gene dose of each factor individually (E47(het) or p21(het)) versus in tandem (E47(het)p21(het)). E47(het)p21(het) LT-HSCs and downstream short-term hematopoietic stem cells exhibit hyperproliferation and preferential susceptibility to mitotoxin compared to wild-type or single haploinsufficient controls. In serial adoptive transfers that rigorously challenge self-renewal, E47(het)p21(het) LT-HSCs dramatically and progressively decline, indicating the importance of cell-intrinsic E47-p21 in preserving LT-HSCs under stress. Transient numeric recovery of downstream short-term hematopoietic stem cells enabled the production of functionally competent myeloid but not lymphoid cells, as common lymphoid progenitors were decreased, and peripheral lymphocytes were virtually ablated. Thus, we demonstrate a developmental compartment-specific and lineage-specific requirement for the E47-p21 pathway in maintaining LT-HSCs, B cells, and T cells under hematopoietic repopulation stress in vivo.
Content based blurring coding artifact reduction using patch-based texture synthesis [image/video coding applications]

Blurring artifacts occur in low bit-rate image or video coding. This manifests itself as a blurred patch within a textured region. Previously, we proposed a constrained texture synthesis postprocessing algorithm to regenerate the texture of the blurred patch using surrounding texture of the same kind. However, a human operator must manually identify the blurred target, and a valid source region from its surroundings. In this work, we present an effort to automate this process. Specifically, we developed an efficient modified k-means algorithm method to segment and identify potentially blurred patches; and a content-based region selection method to choose the candidate source region. Preliminary experiment results indicate that our algorithm produces results consistent with that produced by a human operator.
Strategic flexibility:Organizational preparedness to reverse ineffective strategic decisions

Executive Overview In a highly uncertain and changing environment, managers need to have the strategic flexibility to respond to problems speedily. Strategic flexibility is the organization's capability to identify major changes in the external environment, quickly commit resources to new courses of action in response to those changes, and recognize and act promptly when it is time to halt or reverse existing resource commitments. This strategic flexibility requires managers to find the right balance between committing the resources necessary to carry out a decision and avoiding investment of good money in bad projects. This article seeks to help managers understand the importance of and difficulties in developing strategic flexibility. The challenge in doing this results from the substantial uncertainties inherent in making these strategic decisions as well as from psychological and organizational biases that affect the attention, assessments, and actions of decision-makers in ways that prevent them from...
Motivation for alumni donations: a social identity perspective on the role of branding in higher education

As a result of decreasing government funds and increasing competition, institutions of higher education have propelled themselves into business practices such as branding. Despite the growing literature on branding in higher education, there is little research on the relationship between alumni donor motivations and the university brand. This study explores donor motivations from social identity and self-congruity theoretical perspectives. The authors used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to assess the relationship between identification and count of donations. The results showed that if the level of identification with the university increased, the expected number of donations would also increase. The study further assessing the “zeros” (non-donors), the results suggested that if an alumnus were to identify with the university, he would be 43% less likely to be “certain zero” (definitive non-donor) and would find a way to give money. Additionally, the authors analyzed responses about why alumni donate and why they choose not to donate. The authors offered observations on the basis of respondent commentary and also raised the question of what happens when university branding efforts conflict with the perceptions of a large stakeholder group such as alumni. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Harms associated with single unit perioperative transfusion: retrospective population based analysis

Objective To determine whether perioperative transfusion of as little as one unit of packed red blood cells in the operating room or the day after surgery is associated with measurably increased odds for perioperative ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Design Retrospective cohort study of hospital administrative data. Setting 346 hospitals in the United States participating in the claims based Premier Perspective database from 1 January 2009 to 31 March 2012. Participants 1 583 819 adults who underwent non-cardiac, non-intracranial, non-vascular surgery and required a stay of at least one night in hospital and did not receive packed red blood cells on days two to seven after surgery. Intervention Transfusion of packed red blood cells on the day of surgery or one day after by exposure categories (none or one, two, three or four or more units). Main outcome measures The composite outcome of stroke/myocardial infarction was defined as ischemic stroke, ST elevation myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation during index admission or as a primary diagnosis for readmission within 30 days. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation were included as a surrogate for myocardial infarction. Results 41 421 (2.6%) patients received at least one unit of packed red blood cells within 48 hours of surgery, and 8044 (0.51%) experienced the composite outcome of stroke/myocardial infarction. Patients who were transfused were older, more likely to be women, and had more comorbid disease. Hierarchical logistic regression adjusted for comorbidities and demographics with random effects by hospital showed that transfusion of as little as one unit was associated with an odds ratio of 2.33 (95% confidence interval 1.90 to 2.86) for perioperative stroke/myocardial infarction, and the odds of stroke/myocardial infarction markedly increased with transfusion of four or more units. Subgroup analysis limiting the cohort to one of several common surgical procedures, excluding those who received two or more units, or excluding who received transfusion on postoperative day one showed substantially similar results, as did a matched propensity score analysis. Two methods of modeling unmeasured confounders suggest an odds ratio of >10 with imbalance of up to 47% between patients who did and did not receive transfusion would be required to invalidate our results. Conclusions A perioperative transfusion of one unit of packed red blood cells is associated with increased odds of perioperative ischemic stroke and/or myocardial infarction, even after adjustment for a wide range of factors in our data and despite extensive sensitivity analyses.