cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building Domain-Specific Environments for Computational Science: a Case Study in Seismic Tomography

We report on our experiences in building a computational environment for tomographic image analysis for marine seismologists studying the structure and evolution of mid- ocean ridge volcanism. The computational environment is determined by an evolving set of requirements for this problem domain and includes needs for high performance parallel computing, large data analysis, model visualiza tion, and computation interaction and control. Although these needs are not unique in scientific computing, the integration of techniques for seismic tomography with tools for parallel computing and data analysis into a com putational environment was and continues to be an interesting, important learning experience for researchers in both disciplines. For the geologists, the use of the environment led to fundamental geologic discoveries on the East Pacific Rise, the improvement of parallel ray-trac ing algorithms, and a better regard for the use of compu tational steering in aiding model convergence. The com puter scientists received valuable feedback on the use of programming, analysis, and visualization tools in the en vironment. In particular, the tools for parallel program data query DAQV and visualization programming Viz were demonstrated to be highly adaptable to the problem do main. We discuss the requirements and the components of the environment in detail. Both accomplishments and limitations of our work are presented.
Benchmarking Decision Models for Database Management Systems

Benchmarking is the quantitative method most commonly used when managers contemplate procuring a large business information system. It consists of running a group of representative applications on the systems offered by vendors to validate their claims. The implementation of benchmarking can be very costly, as users need to convert, run, and test applications on several partially compatible computer systems. Benchmarking works well in modern database management systems DBMS-oriented applications because the system performance is more a function of the database structure and activities than of the complexity of the application code. Earlier research focused primarily on designing various benchmarks for database systems; the decision problem associated with finding an optimal mix of benchmarks has largely been overlooked. In this paper, we examine the problem of defining the most economical process for generating and evaluating the appropriate mix of benchmarks to be used across the contending information systems. Our analytical approach considers information-gathering priorities, acquisition and execution costs, resource consumption, and overall time requirements. We present a multiobjective decision-making approach for deriving the optimal mix of benchmarks; this approach reflects the major organizational objectives in more than simple one-dimensional numerical terms. A practical example illustrates the utility of this approach for evaluating a client-server relational database system.
The cockroach genera Shelfordina Hebard, Delosia Bolívar, and Duryodana Kirby (Blattaria: Blattellidae: Pseudophyllodromiinae).

Abstract A new species of Shelfordina Hebard is described. Liosilphoidea Hanitsch is synonymized with Shelfordina Hebard, and four of its species are redescribed. The monotypic genus Delosia Bolivar, closely related to Shelfordina, is rediagnosed, and its type species D. ornata, previously known only from the Seychelles, is reported from Sri Lanka; a new species of Delosia from Sri Lanka is described. The monotypic genus Duryodana Kirby is rediagnosed and its type species redescribed.
On the reconstruction of height functions and terrain maps from dense range data

This paper describes a method for combining multiple, dense range images to create surface reconstructions of height functions. Height functions are a special class of three-dimensional (3-D) surfaces, where one 3-D coordinate is a function of the other two. They are relevant for application domains such as terrain modeling or two-and-half dimensional surface reconstruction. Dense range maps are produced by either a range measuring device combined with a scanning mechanism or a triangulation scheme, such as active or passive stereo. The proposed method follows from a statistical formulation that characterizes the optimal surface estimate as the one that maximizes the posterior probability conditional on the input data and prior information about the application domain. Because the domain of the reconstruction is a two-dimensional (2-D) scalar function, the optimal surface can be expressed as an image, and the variational form of that optimization produces a 2-D partial differential equation (PDE). The PDE consists of two parts: a first-order data term and a second-order smoothing term. Thus optimal surface reconstruction is formulated as the solution to a second-order, nonlinear, PDE on an image, which is related to the family of PDE-based image processing algorithms in the literature. This paper presents the theory for reconstruction and some particular aspects of the numerical implementation. It also analyzes results on both synthetic and real data sets, which show a 75%-95% reduction of the RMS sensor error.
Characterization of a 10- to 14-kilodalton protease-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra antigen that stimulates human gamma delta T cells

gamma delta T-cell receptor-bearing T cells (gamma delta T cells) are readily activated by intracellular bacterial pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacterial antigens responsible for gamma delta T-cell activation remain poorly characterized. We have found that heat treatment of live M. tuberculosis bacilli released into the supernatant an antigen which stimulated human gamma delta T cells. gamma delta T-cell activation was measured by determining the increase in percentage of gamma delta T cells by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with antigen and by proliferation of gamma delta T-cell lines with monocytes as antigen-presenting cells. Supernatant from heat-treated M. tuberculosis was fractionated by fast-performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) on a Superose 12 column. Maximal gamma delta T-cell activation was measured for a fraction of 10 to 14 kDa. Separation of the supernatant by preparative isoelectric focusing demonstrated peak activity at a pI of < 4.0. On two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the 10- to 14-kDa FPLC fraction contained at least seven distinct molecules, of which two had a pI of < 4.5. Protease treatment reduced the bioactivity of the 10- to 14-kDa FPLC fraction for both resting and activated gamma delta T cells. Murine antibodies raised to the 10- to 14-kDa fraction reacted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with antigens of 10 to 14 kDa in lysate of M. tuberculosis. In addition, gamma delta T cells proliferated in response to an antigen of 10 to 14 kDa present in M. tuberculosis lysate. gamma delta T-cell-stimulating antigen was not found in culture filtrate of M. tuberculosis but was associated with the bacterial pellet and lysate of M. tuberculosis. These results provide a preliminary characterization of a 10- to 14-kDa, cell-associated, heat-stable, low-pI protein antigen of M. tuberculosis which is a major stimulus for human gamma delta T cells.
Complex frameshift mutations mediated by plasmid pKM101: mutational mechanisms deduced from 4-aminobiphenyl-induced mutation spectra in Salmonella.

We used colony probe hybridization and polymerase chain reaction/DNA sequence analysis to determine the mutations in approximately 2,400 4-aminobiphenyl (4-AB) +S9-induced revertants of the -1 frameshift allele hisD3052 and of the base-substitution allele hisG46 of Salmonella typhimurium. Most of the mutations occurred at sites containing guanine, which is the primary base at which 4-AB forms DNA adducts. A hotspot mutation involving the deletion of a CG or GC within the sequence CGCGCGCG accounted for 100 and 99.9%, respectively, of the reversion events at the hisD3052 allele in the pKM101 plasmid-minus strains TA1978 (uvr+) and TA1538 (delta uvrB). In strain TA98 (delta uvrB, pKM101), which contained the SOS DNA repair system provided by the pKM101 plasmid, approximately 85% of the revertants also contained the hotspot deletion; the remaining approximately 15% contained one of two types of mutations: (1) complex frameshifts that can be described as a -2 or +1 frameshift and an associated base substitution and (2) deletions of the CC or GG sequences that flank the hotspot site (CCGCGCGCGG). We propose a misincorporation/slippage model to account for these mutations in which (1) pKM101-mediated misincorporation and translesion synthesis occurs across a 4-AB-adducted guanine; (2) the instability of such a mispairing and/or the presence of the adduct leads to strand slippage in a run of repeated bases adjacent to the adducted guanine; and (3) continued DNA synthesis from the slipped intermediate produces a frameshift associated with a base substitution. This model readily accounts for the deletion of the CC or GG sequences flanking the hotspot site, indicating that these mutations are, in fact, complex mutations in disguise (i.e., cryptic complex frameshifts). The inferred base-substitution specificity associated with the complex frameshifts at the hisD3052 allele (primarily G.C-->T.A transversions) is consistent with the finding that 4-AB induced primarily G.C-->T.A transversions at the hisG46 base-substitution allele. The model also provides a framework for understanding the different relative mutagenic potencies of 4-AB at the two alleles in the various DNA repair backgrounds of Salmonella.
Regenerative Medicine for the Musculoskeletal System Based on Muscle-derived Stem Cells

The identification and characterization of stem cells is introducing a paradigm shift in the field of orthopaedic surgery. Whereas in the past, diseased tissue was replaced with allograft material, current trends in research revolve around regenerating damaged tissue. Muscle-derived stem cells have an application in regeneration of articular cartilage, bone, and skeletal muscle. These postnatal (ie, adult) stem cells can be readily isolated via muscle biopsy. They can display long-term proliferation, high self-renewal, and multipotent differentiation. They also can be genetically modified to secrete growth factors important to tissue healing, thereby functioning as implantable, long-lasting reservoirs for these molecules. Taken together, this evidence suggests that muscle-derived stem cells are well suited for gene therapy and tissue engineering applications for the musculoskeletal system. Effective implementation of even just a few applications of muscle-derived stem cell-based tissue engineering has the potential to revolutionize the way certain musculoskeletal diseases are managed.
Prediction methods for rain attenuation statistics at variable path angles and carrier frequencies between 13 and 100 Ghz

Fade depth and space diversity statistics of propagation along earth-satellite paths have been calculated from radar reflectivity data of rain using modeling procedures. The reflectivity data base was obtained during the summer of 1973 at Wallops Island, Va., using a high resolution S band radar interfaced with a computer and digital processing system. Fade statistics have been calculated for various path angles at several frequencies between 13 and 100 GHz. Subsequent analysis has demonstrated the ability to predict the following: 1) fade statistics at other path elevation angles given similar type statistics at a particular path angle, 2) space diversity statistics at other frequencies, given similar type statistics at a particular frequency, and 3) fade statistics at a third frequency given similar type statistics at two other frequencies. Although a specific data base was used pertaining to the climatology at Wallops Island, the techniques developed are general and may be applied to existing or future "fade measurements" at other climatological locations.
Anselm and the Concept of God

John Hick begins his essay on verification by agreeing that ‘there are many different concepts of God’. Thus, at the outset of considering the problem of verifying any one concept, we are faced with a plurality. This complicates the question, since some concepts of God relate more easily to verification than do others. But Hick opts at the outset for a strong meaning for ‘verification’: the removal of ignorance or uncertainty concerning the truth of some proposition. Of course, we are faced with the question of whether ‘dealing with God’ really means dealing with propositions. All this aside, it is clear that some classical notions of God defy verification while others fit more easily.
The experiences of lesbians in Alcoholics Anonymous.

A feminist ethnographic study of lesbians' experiences in recovery from alcohol problems was done to understand from their perspectives how they identified alcohol use as problematic, sought help, ...
Examining the Team Process: Developing and Sustaining Effective Craniofacial Team Care

Craniofacial teams have evolved since their inception in the mid-twentieth century. They were created to provide comprehensive medical care for patients with complex conditions related to craniofacial differences. In order to sustain efficient and effective teams, craniofacial teams must establish a strong team foundation by allowing for complete team formation, creating a compelling team mission, ensuring the appropriate team composition, and securing appropriate team leadership. Teams must continue to develop and progress, however, in order to maintain and improve upon team functioning. This can be accomplished by direct focus on and training in the elements of team process which include decision making, identifying team roles, developing collaboration skills, improving communication skills, fostering mutual respect, creating team goals, managing conflict, and considering the influence of values and ethics. These actions require skills that must be constantly evaluated and often require direct instruction for team members. Monitoring the team process and providing team skills training promote improved team functioning and, subsequently, improved patient outcomes.
Evaluation of empiric antibiotic de-escalation in febrile neutropenia:

IntroductionUp until 2010, the recommended duration of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics for febrile neutropenia was until absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovery. An updated guideline on the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer indicates that patients who have completed an appropriate treatment course of broad-spectrum antibiotics, with resolution of signs and symptoms of infection but persistent neutropenia, can be de-escalated to oral fluoroquinolone prophylaxis until ANC recovery.MethodsThe primary objective of this retrospective investigation was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of de-escalating broad-spectrum antibiotics in patients remaining neutropenic after at least 14 days of empiric broadspectrum antibiotics for febrile neutropenia compared to patients continuing broad-spectrum antibiotics until ANC recovery.ResultsThere were 16 patients (61.5%) in the comparator group who met the primary endpoint of remaining afebrile and without escalation of antibiotics for at...
Measuring semantic similarity within reference ontologies to improve ontology alignment

Some ontology alignment (OA) systems find an identical bridge concept in a reference ontology to which both the source and target concept can be mapped. Then a mapping between the two is produced. Using semantic similarity within a reference ontology can find more mappings than with only identical bridge concepts. A wide variety of semantic similarity measures were implemented within AgreementMaker [1] to use semantic similarity to evaluate OA mappings [2]. Initial results of enhancing AgreementMaker with a new matcher, the mediating matcher with semantic similarity (MMSS) in place of its mediating matcher (MM) are in [3]. Briefly, the MMSS uses the MM to first produce a set of mappings MST between source and target concepts with an exact match on the bridge concepts, i.e., bS = bT as
The CuSPED Mission: CubeSat for GNSS Sounding of the Ionosphere-Plasmasphere Electron Density

The CubeSat for GNSS Sounding of Ionosphere-Plasmasphere Electron Density (CuSPED) is a 3U CubeSat mission concept that has been developed in response to the NASA Heliophysics program's decadal science goal of the determining of the dynamics and coupling of the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere and their response to solar and terrestrial inputs. The mission was formulated through a collaboration between West Virginia University, Georgia Tech, NASA GSFC and NASA JPL, and features a 3U CubeSat that hosts both a miniaturized space capable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver for topside atmospheric sounding, along with a Thermal Electron Capped Hemispherical Spectrometer (TECHS) for the purpose of in situ electron precipitation measurements. These two complimentary measurement techniques will provide data for the purpose of constraining ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling models and will also enable studies of the local plasma environment and spacecraft charging; a phenomenon which is known to lead to significant errors in the measurement of low-energy, charged species from instruments aboard spacecraft traversing the ionosphere. This paper will provide an overview of the concept including its science motivation and implementation.
Simulation of the Whole Human Spine Using Finite Elements: P & H Version Convergence

Most computational simulations of the human spine focus on one region of interest, often examining the lumbar or cervical spine alone. This allows for simplification the complex nature of the spine and reduction of computational costs. As computational power is increasing, we can begin to examine more of the spine simultaneously without overusing resources. In addition, while current spine simulations provide valuable information regarding local effects of spinal problems, such as scoliosis or intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration [1], they do not evaluate how these injuries affect the spine as a whole. Understanding the motion implications of spine pathologies on the whole spine can influence medical treatment practices in the future.© 2013 ASME
The Meade County, Kentucky, Earthquakes of January and March 1990

The series of earthquakes that occurred in Meade County, Kentucky, in January and March of 1990, are the first events in an otherwise aseismic area. First motions recorded for the three largest events in January suggest a predominantly strike-slip mechanism with a pressure axis of trend = 275° and plunge = 14° , and a tension axis of trend = 178° and plunge = 31°. A comparison between the mechanisms for the Meade county events and those shown in Taylor et al. (1989) for the southeastern Illinois area, indicates a continuity in the regional deviatoric stress from southeastern Illinois into north-central Kentucky. This finding conflicts with that previously suggested by Ault et al. (1985) who proposed that the two areas were in regions of differing stress regimes.
Tenting volume: three-dimensional assessment of geometric perturbations in functional mitral regurgitation and implications for surgical repair.

Background and aim of the study Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) often complicates dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and portends a poor prognosis. Debate over the optimal treatment continues, underscoring the present incomplete understanding of the patho-anatomic mechanisms of this disease. Studies of mitral tenting volume and tenting area, and echocardiographic measures of abnormal apical systolic leaflet geometry have linked mitral leaflet deformation with subvalvular left ventricular (LV) remodeling in chronic ischemic MR. The relative contributions of annular versus subvalvular remodeling in FMR due to DCM are less clear. Here, the validity of 3-D measurement of mitral deformation, tenting volume, as a correlate of MR in DCM, was tested. The ability of annular and subvalvular remodeling to predict mitral deformation was then determined. Methods Eight sheep underwent placement of radiopaque markers on the mitral annulus and leaflets. Global LV, annular and subvalvular geometry, as well as mitral tenting height, area and volume were calculated before (Control) and after the development of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy and MR (DCM). Multivariable regression determined which measure of mitral deformation was the best predictor of MR. Regression analysis was also used to find geometric predictors of mitral tenting volume. Results In a multivariable analysis, mitral tenting volume was the only independent predictor of severity of MR (r(2) = 0.79, standard error of estimate (SEE) = 0.58). Increased tenting volume correlated best with increased mitral annular septal-lateral diameter (r(2) = 0.67, SEE = 0.72). Conclusion The 3-D tenting volume correlates best with severity of FMR. Mitral deformation (increased tenting volume) observed in DCM is predicted by annular dilation, but not by subvalvular LV remodeling. These data support the use of an undersized annuloplasty in DCM complicated by FMR, and may guide the rational design of new therapies for this vexing disease.
Weierstrass semigroups on Castelnuovo curves

Abstract We define a class of numerical semigroups S, which we call Castelnuovo semigroups, and study the subvariety M g , 1 S of M g , 1 consisting of marked smooth curves with Weierstrass semigroup S. We determine the number of irreducible components of these loci and determine their dimensions. Curves with these Weierstrass semigroups are always Castelnuovo curves, which provides the basic tool for our argument. This analysis provides examples of numerical semigroups for which M g , 1 S is reducible and non-equidimensional.
Focal Spect Lesions and Infantile Spasms

Seven of 10 patients with infantile spasms examined by SPECT at Tokushima University School of Medicine, Japan, showed localized cerebral hypoperfusion in the temporal lobes.
Achilles and the Astronaut: What Heroism Humanities Can Teach Heroism Science:

In its ambition to become a “transdisciplinary” field of study, heroism science should leverage the expertise of the “heroism humanities.” This article uses humanistic knowledge to address one of t...
Using 124I-PU-H71 PET imaging to predict intratumoral concentration in patients on a phase I trial of PU-H71.

11076 Background: PU-H71 is a Heat Shock Protein 90 inhibitor that can be labeled with 124I without altering its biochemical properties. Intratumoral drug concentration can be calculated based on 1...
Effect of ZnO nanoparticles on thermoelectric properties of cement composite for waste heat harvesting

Abstract Thermoelectric (TE) technology can directly convert thermal energy into electricity for waste heat harvesting and renewable energy production. However, the potential use of TE technology for energy harvesting in civil infrastructure has not been fully explored yet. In this work, the possibility of developing concrete with TE properties to harvest stored heat in concrete structures have been systematically investigated by incorporating zinc oxides (ZnO) based nanoparticles in cement paste. It was found that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles improved the TE properties of cement paste due to the formation of Zn(OH)2 and increased volume of pore solutions in ZnO-cement composites. The results showed that after adding nanoparticles to the mixture, Seebeck coefficient of cement particles was increased to 17% due to a decrease in the amount of hydration reactions. Thermal conductivity was decreased to 9% due to decreased density and crystallinity of materials, and electrical conductivity was increased to 37% compared to that of plain cement paste because of the increased movement of ions. The apparent thermoelectric properties in ZnO-cement composites indicated its potential use for thermal energy harvesting in concrete structures and pavements.
Imaging of Abdominal and Pelvic Manifestations of Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant.

OBJECTIVE. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). GVHD predominantly affects the skin, gastrointestinal system and hepatobiliary systems. Imaging findings in the gastrointestinal tract include bowel wall thickening with mucosal enhancement, mesenteric edema, and vascular engorgement. In the hepatobiliary system, hepatosplenomegaly, periportal edema, bile duct dilatation, and gallbladder and biliary wall thickening are seen. Although the imaging findings of GVHD are nonspecific, with a known history of HSCT, GVHD should be considered. CONCLUSION. GVHD is a serious complication of HSCT, which involves multiple organ systems, with imaging manifestations most commonly seen in the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary system. Knowledge of the imaging manifestations of GVHD, which alone may be relatively nonspecific, taken in conjunction with clinical history including the timing and type of HSCT, laboratory values, stool studies, and dermatolo...
THU0403 Urate-lowering treatment and risk of incident urolithiasis in people with gout: a nested case-control study

Background A higher risk of urolithiasis has been reported in gout patients. However, whether urate-lowering treatments, including both xanthine oxidase inhibotors and uricosuric agents, are beneficial to reduce the risk or urolithiasis in gout patients has not been examined. Objectives To investigate the independent associations between urate-lowering treatment (ULT) and the risk of urolithiasis in incident gout patients. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study based on the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), which was used to identify 473,858 newly diagnosis gout patients during the period from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2004. All these patients were followed until December 31, 2013. We considered patients who first diagnose incident urolithiasis after the date of entry cohort (gout onset) as cases and the diagnostic date was defined as index date. Each case was matched up to five eligible controls whose follow-up period included the case9s index date by sex, birth of year and gout diagnosis year. And the index date of case was assigned to the matched controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of urolithiasis associated with cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) of xanthine oxidase inhibitor and uricosuric agents were main ourcome measures. Results Gout patients with incident urolithiasis (n=32,654) occurring after the initial diagnosis of gout aged 20–79 were age- and sex-matched 1:5 to 163,270 gout patients without urolithiasis. After adjusting for age, sex, urbanization status, income, occupation, and pertinent drugs and comorbidities, the OR of urolithiasis associated with use of ULT among gout patients were 1.04 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.07) for those with 28–90 cDDD, 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.91–0.99) for 91–365 cDDD and 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.73–0.82) for >365 cDDD, compared with those with a cDDD 365 cDDD. For uriscouric agents, the OR (95% CI) for urolithiasis among those with 28–91, 91–365 and Conclusions Higher ULT consumption was associated with a lower risk of urolithiasis. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors associated with reduced urolithiasis risk consistently across the range of consumption studied but for uricosuric agents inadequate cumulative dose results in a higher risk despite the risk reduced gradually with a higher cumulative dose. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Finding Moore: No Search Engines, No Indexes, No Computers

Costello looks back on her career as a leading Marianne Moore scholar, from the 1980s to the present.
Narrative, Rhetorical Argument, and Ethical Authority

The great challenge of rhetorical argument is to make discourse ethical without making it less logical. This challenge is of central importance throughout the full range of practical argument, and understanding the relation of the ethical to the logical is one of the principal contributions the humanities, in this case the study of rhetoric, can make to legal scholarship. Aristotle’s Rhetoric shows how arguments can be ethical and can create ethical relations between speaker and hearer.
The Executive Board System

Traumatic brain injuries often result in frontal lobe damage, in addition to diffuse damage, from the impact of the frontal lobes against the protruding frontal bones (Levin, Benton, & Grossman, 1982). Frontal lobe damage produces behavioral, emotional, and cognitive problems, especially impaired executive functioning (Lezak, 1983; Sohlberg & Mateer, 1989). Memory and attentional deficits are also very common long-term sequelae after traumatic brain injuries due to diffuse brain damage that affects both the medial temporal lobe structures and the brain stem. Although impairments in executive functions (e.g., planning, self-monitoring, self-correction) largely determine the extent of psychosocial and vocational recovery following head injury, rehabilitation efforts have been minimal (Sohlberg & Mateer, 1989).
On the Interpretation of Bohmian Mechanics

Terms like “complementarity,” “potentia,” the “collapse” of the wave packet, “phenomena” identified with the whole experimental arrangement, and so forth, mark the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics. Despite different public faces there is a core unifying theme. The theory is probabilistic and, in contrast with statistical mechanics, the standard interpretation regards the probabilities as objective, in the sense that it does not ground them in human limitations concerning knowledge of the finer details of things. The objectivity of the probabilities makes for indeterminism and, more fundamentally, for some sort of irrealism; since, according to the standard view, in significant situations there just are no finer details of things. The irreducibility of the probabilities might be thought to constitute a realism of a higher order (with respect to the probabilities themselves) except that in the standard interpretation the probabilities are entirely instrumental. They express a relation between a physical system and acts of measurement; they are probabilities for measurement outcomes. Thus, in a curious turn about, despite the objectivity of the probabilities the observer enters quantum theory in a fundamental way. On Bohr’s view we are required to divide each experimental situation into an observer part, that is treated classically and to which we do not apply the quantum formalism, and a quantum part, to which we do. On Heisenberg’s view the probabilities in the wave function somehow objectively represent both real “potentialities” and also subjective knowledge. Standing outside the causal order, an act of measurement “actualizes” a potentiality and, when we take account of this actualization, our changing knowledge is again objectively represented by a new “collapsed” wave function. Either view makes a mystery of how any object ever comes to possess any property; that is, of how anything at all actually happens. Standardly, we are cautioned not to inquire further. Physics stops here.
Sideline assessment of concussion

The recognition and sideline evaluation of possible sport-related concussion are difficult tasks for a physician and other clinicians. Sideline assessment tools have continued to evolve over the years, but objective biomarkers of concussion do not currently exist. Sideline video review programs may aid in the recognition of possible concussion as additional information for the sideline athletic medicine staff. Additional investigational assessments include visual oculomotor processing, reaction time, and rapid eye movements and attention. As the presentation of concussion is variable and symptoms may evolve over time, it is important that athletes with possible concussion are followed with serial assessments. If the diagnosis is unclear, it is advised to err on the side of caution and not allow the athlete to return to competition on the day of the injury. This chapter will review the current issues regarding the sideline assessment of concussion.
Role of Endoscopic Management in Ulcerative Colitis Patients with Dysplasia

Ulcerative colitis patients are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), and prevention strategies have been focused on secondary prevention via surveillance colonoscopies and surgical removal of the colorectum. In the past, any finding of neoplasia was an indication to recommend proctocolectomy, but advances in optical technology (including dye spray chromoendoscopy and narrow band imaging) and improved understanding of the heterogeneity of neoplastic lesion outcomes (e.g. polypoid vs. flat) have enabled a more nuanced approach to this challenge, including ongoing surveillance in patients who have had dysplastic lesions completely removed, and segmental colectomy in patients who are in remission and in whom preservation of the rectum is a reasonable option. This chapter reviews the evidence for a modified approach to dysplasia and updates the reader about newer approaches to this challenging problem.
Education and Gender Gap in Couples' Time Use: Evidence from China.

Using the 2010 China Family Panel Studies data, this article provides new evidence on education and gender gap in time use among Chinese couples. Across urban and rural areas and on both work and n...
Impact of Surgical Technique on Surgical Margin Status Following Partial Cystectomy.

Abstract Introduction We assessed the impact of open or minimally-invasive partial cystectomy on surgical margin status in a nationwide hospital-based cohort. Materials and Methods Patients who underwent partial cystectomy from 2010 to 2014 were identified in the National Cancer Data Base. The primary outcome was surgical margin status. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify patient, hospital, and surgical factors associated with positive surgical margins (PSMs). Results Partial cystectomy was performed in 1,118 patients via open (n = 715, 64%), laparoscopic (n = 209, 19%), and robotic (n = 194, 17%) approaches. Overall, 220 (19.7%) patients had PSMs. The PSM rate by surgical approach was 19.6% for open, 18.2% for laparoscopic, and 21.6% for robotic (P = 0.678). Compared to open partial cystectomy, the laparoscopic (aOR 1.06, 95%CI 0.70–1.60, P = 0.782), and robotic (aOR 1.28, 95%CI 0.85–1.91, P = 0.235) approaches were not significantly different in terms of PSM rate. There were higher odds of PSMs in non-Hispanic blacks (aOR 1.93, 95%CI 1.09–3.39, P = 0.023) compared to non-Hispanic whites, and in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (aOR 3.28, 95%CI 2.00–5.37, P Conclusions Our results suggest that partial cystectomy using a laparoscopic or robotic-assisted approach is not associated with an increased risk of PSMs compared to open partial cystectomy.
Discharge Medications: One Component of a New Inpatient Process

Background: The discharge medication process from a pediatric inpatient unit presents a significant challenge. LEAN analysis of this process at a tertiary, academic hospital revealed key problem areas and pilot changes were directed at those problems identified. Results of the pilot suggested significant improvements in the discharge medication process and the process was implemented hospital wide. The purpose of our study was to document whether or not these practices are occurring after the implementation of this …
Acupuncture for pediatric sickle cell pain management: A promising non-opioid therapy.

Abstract Objective To describe the use of acupuncture for pain management in children with sickle cell disease. Design A retrospective chart review of a single-institution experience on the use of acupuncture in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease was evaluated between 2012–2019. Demographic characteristics, presenting pain location, pain scores pre- and post-acupuncture, and adverse events were collected. Setting Columbia University Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital Pediatric Hematology outpatient and inpatient units. Interventions Acupuncture was performed by six licensed acupuncturists. Point prescriptions were based on pain location, philosophies of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Japanese Style of Kiiko Matsumoto acupuncture. Main outcome measures Pain reduction as measured by two Verbal Pain Scales. Results Ninety acupuncture treatments were administered to twenty-four patients with sickle cell disease: median age 17.5 years, 62 % female, 37.5 % African American, 50 % Hispanic. The mean treatment duration was 18.5 ± 4.8 min. Fifty-five treatments had documented pre/post-acupuncture pain scores. Pain reduction was achieved in 65.5 % of these treatments. A 0–10 pain scale used in 13 treatments reported a mean pre-acupuncture score of 7.31 ± 1.75, post-acupuncture score of 6.08 ± 1.85, and a mean pain score change of 1.23 ± 1.09 (p = 0.11); A 0–4 pain scale used in 42 treatments reported a mean pre-acupuncture pain score of 3.31 ± 0.72, post-acupuncture score of 2.33 ± 0.98, and a mean pain score change of 0.98 ± 0.99 (p Conclusion Acupuncture therapy decreased pain for our patients with sickle cell disease, providing a safe non-opioid therapeutic option.
Migration, Money Transfers and Mobile Money: Evidence from Niger.

Mobile money can reduce the cost of sending remittances as compared with traditional money transfer systems. Despite remittances being a crucial part of the West African economy, mobile money is failing to take off. We use supply and demand data for money transfer services to better understand low mobile money adoption in Niger. Using a modified Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism to elicit willingness to pay, we find that households are willing to pay the cost of sending a transfer via mobile money, with substantial regional variation. This regional variation is correlated with agent density, which suggests that agent infrastructure might be a barrier.
A Deep Learning Approach to Quasar Continuum Prediction

We present a novel intelligent quasar continuum neural network (iQNet), predicting the intrinsic continuum of any quasar in the rest-frame wavelength range 1020 Angstroms $\leq \lambda \leq$ 1600 Angstroms. We train this network using high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origin Spectrograph ultraviolet quasar spectra at low redshift ($z \sim 0.2$) from the Hubble Spectroscopic Legacy Archive, and apply it to predict quasar continua from different astronomical surveys. We utilize the HSLA quasar spectra that are well-defined in the rest-frame wavelength range [1020, 1600] Angstroms with an overall median signal-to-noise ratio of at least five. The iQNet achieves a median AFFE of 2.24% on the training quasar spectra, and 4.17% on the testing quasar spectra. We apply iQNet and predict the continua of $\sim$3200 SDSS-DR16 quasar spectra at higher redshift ($2 $) in the Ly-$\alpha$ forest region. We measure a gradual evolution of $ $ with redshift, which we characterize as a power-law fit to the effective optical depth of the Ly-$\alpha$ forest. Our measurements are broadly consistent with other estimates of $ $ in the literature, but provide a more accurate measurement as we are directly measuring the quasar continuum where there is minimum contamination from the Ly-$\alpha$ forest. This work proves that the deep learning iQNet model can predict the quasar continuum with high accuracy and shows the viability of such methods for quasar continuum prediction.
The French Subjective Theory of Contract: Separating Rhetoric from Reality

Most of the world, including Anglo-American jurisdictions, conforms to the objective theory of contract, which posits that contract formation is determined by reference solely to external evidence of manifestations of assent. On the other hand, France uniquely clings to the rhetoric of its “subjective” theory of contract, championing the freedom of the individual and the autonomy of the will. France’s association with a subjective theory of contract is widely recognized and assumed. One would initially assume that the French subjectivist philosophy would result in dramatically different outcomes in actual cases, when compared with the objectivist rules-based perspective that obtains in most of the rest of the world’s jurisdictions. However, an examination of several actual areas of contract formation in both the French subjective system, as well as the objectivist common law system, reveals that the practical difference in actual outcomes is surprisingly small. This article looks at several areas of contract formation in particular. The revocability of offers provides an interesting case study in that the two legal systems start out from very different beginning points, but through a series of labyrinthine doctrinal paths, end up in a very similar endpoint. Just as importantly, in several other areas, the rules in the two systems are quite similar to one another from the outset, with many of the so-called “objectivist” common law rules turning out to be more subjective, and some even having been borrowed directly from the French. The rules compared include the communication of acceptances, the death of offerors, mistakes, and interpretation of contracts. The picture which emerges from this analysis is that the French “subjective” contract system has much in common with the “objective” contract system in Anglo-American jurisdictions and elsewhere (and vice versa), in spite of entrenched perception to the contrary.
Critical review on the use of essential oils against spoilage in chilled stored fish: A quantitative meta-analyses

Abstract Background Presently, ~68.6 million tons of chilled-stored seafood are available globally for human consumption, worth ~129.5 billion €. At least ~13.7 million tons (worth 25.8 billion €) are probably spoilt each year, from post-catch till consumption. A growing interest in essential oils (EOs) as bio-preservatives in chilled-stored seafood is recently visible – prolific research during 2015–2020. Scope and approach Data from 180 scientific articles were reviewed and meta-analyzed. Our data-driven review aims to corroborate the promises of EOs in the chilled-stored seafood industry– where we stand and where to go (?). Key findings and conclusions Microbial load explain 60–90% of spoilage indicators’ progression in chilled-stored fish flesh. Beyond TVC 5–7 log CFU g−1, spoilage progresses exponentially. We identified 6 EOs with extraordinary TVC reduction potential (>4.61 log CFU g−1 per % concentration) that can ensure compliance with EU safety standards for raw fish – citrus, mentha, origanum, thymus, zataria, and zingiberaceae (probably chamomile and star anise in future). Not all EOs can suppress all specific microbes, especially anaerobic H2S producing bacteria. Only origanum, zingiberaceae, and thymus have complete-spectrum efficacy. Their right application method is essential (hurdle technology; active film-nanonemulsion; special packaging). 0.5–1% concentration of most EOs impart little interference on the natural odor of fresh fish. The rate of sensory score deterioration in EO treated fish flesh is ~2.5–5 times slower than normal refrigerated ones. Selected EOs at mild concentrations with the right application method can promote safety, sensory and shelf-life agendas of chilled-stored seafood. The guidelines, warnings, knowledge gaps, and research needs are discussed.
Perianesthesia Care of the Oncologic Patient Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Study.

Abstract Purpose This study was to understand the perianesthesia care for patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC). Method This is a retrospective study. Design The perioperative electronic medical records of 189 CRS + HIPEC surgical cases at a hospital of Western Pennsylvania from 2012 to 2018 were analyzed to study the characteristics of perianesthesia care for CRS + HIPEC surgery. Findings The patients' median age was 57 (range 21-83) years, and 60% were men. The mean anesthesia time was 10.47 ± 2.54 hours. Most tumors were appendix or colorectal in origin, and the mean peritoneal cancer index score was 16.19 ± 8.76. The mean estimated blood loss was 623 ± 582 mL. The mean total intravenous crystalloid administered was 8,377 ± 4,100 mL. Fifty-two patients received packed red blood cells during surgery. Postoperatively, 100% of the patients were transferred to the intensive care unit. A majority (52%) of patients were extubated in the operating room. Median lengths of hospital and intensive care unit stays were 13 and 2 days, respectively. A majority (73%) of patients had 1 or more postoperative complications and 29% of patients experienced major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher) during the hospital stay. Prolonged hospitalization was owing to gastrointestinal dysfunctions and respiratory failure related to atelectasis and pleural effusion. Conclusions CRS + HIPEC is a major surgery with numerous challenges to the perianesthesia care team regarding hemodynamic adjustment, pain control, and postoperative complications, which demand training and future studies from the perianesthesia care team.
A Poisson binomial-based statistical testing framework for comorbidity discovery across electronic health record datasets

Discovering the concomitant occurrence of distinct medical conditions in a patient, also known as comorbidities, is a prerequisite for creating patient outcome prediction tools. Current comorbidity discovery applications are designed for small datasets and use stratification to control for confounding variables such as age, sex or ancestry. Stratification lowers false positive rates, but reduces power, as the size of the study cohort is decreased. Here we describe a Poisson binomial-based approach to comorbidity discovery (PBC) designed for big-data applications that circumvents the need for stratification. PBC adjusts for confounding demographic variables on a per-patient basis and models temporal relationships. We benchmark PBC using two datasets to compute comorbidity statistics on 4,623,841 pairs of potentially comorbid medical terms. The results of this computation are provided as a searchable web resource. Compared with current methods, the PBC approach reduces false positive associations while retaining statistical power to discover true comorbidities. A method for comorbidity discovery informed by each patient’s demographic and medical history is introduced. Statistics for 4,623,841 pairs of potentially comorbid medical terms are provided as a searchable web resource.
Bahig virus (Tete group) in naturally- and transovarially-infected Hyalomma marginatum ticks from Egypt and Italy.

Arboviruses of the Tete group (Tete, Bahig, Matruh, Tsuruse) were previously recorded only from avian blood and organs from South Africa, Egypt, Italy, and Japan. We report Bahig virus, identified by complement-fixation and neutralization teats, from 2 subspecies ofHyalomma marginatum (family Ixodidae) ticks. One isolate was from larvae of the African subspecies,H. marginatum rufipes Koch, parasitizing a northward-migrating common wheatear,Oenanthe oenanthe subsp., in Egypt. Other isolates were from transovarially-infected F1 larvae and nymphs reared from an engorged female of the Eurasian subspecies,H. m. marginatum Koch, taken from a race horse near Naples, Italy. Transovarial transmission is relatively rarely documented among arboviruses. BothH. marginatum subspecies have already been implicated as vectors of pathogens causing serious human diseases in Eurasia and Africa. The present findings indicate the need for field and laboratory investigations of Tete group epidemiology and factors possibly involving human infections.