cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vascular biology of thrombosis Platelet–vessel wall interactions and aspirin effects

The antithrombotic effect of aspirin has long been recognized, and administration of low doses (80–160 mg/day) for the prevention of ischemic events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is now generally considered to be routine practice. The action of aspirin derives mostly from the selective inhibition of cyclo-oxygenases (Cox). These enzymes (Cox-1 and Cox-2) catalyze the synthesis of eicosanoids, which play an important part in platelet–vessel wall interactions. Cox-1 catalyzes the synthesis of thromboxane A 2 (Tx-A 2 ), which causes platelet activation, vasoconstriction, and smooth muscle proliferation. Tx-A 2 levels are elevated in conditions associated with platelet activation, including unstable angina and cerebral ischemia. Conversely, Cox-2 controls the synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), a local platelet regulator with an effect opposite to that of Tx-A 2 . PGI 2 is produced as a compensatory response to increases in Tx-A 2 during ischemic events. Aspirin is a more potent inhibitor of Cox-1 than of Cox-2, unlike other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which have limited selectivity. Aspirin at low doses selectively inhibits the formation of Tx-A 2 without inhibiting the basal biosynthesis of cardioprotective PGI 2 . Furthermore, aspirin causes complete enzyme inhibition, without the recovery of enzyme activity at trough drug levels associated with conventional NSAIDs. The effect of aspirin in the prevention of ischemic events has been well documented in many recent clinical trials involving more than 50,000 patients with CAD. It is clear from these studies that aspirin, alone or in combination with other antithrombotics, significantly reduces the incidence of cardiovascular death, stroke, and myocardial infarction.
Comparison of biocontaminant levels associated with hard vs. carpet floors in nonproblem schools: results of a year long study.

Choosing the appropriate floor surface for a school environment is a complex issue. To assist school personnel in determining which flooring is best for their school, we studied the biocontaminant levels associated with carpeted and hard surface flooring. Two schools were selected, one predominantly tiled and one predominantly carpeted, as similar as possible with the exception of their floor coverings. Neither school was a “problem” building. Multiple biocontaminants were measured. For flooring, there were statistically significant differences for all the tested biocontaminants except fungi. The carpeted surfaces, being strong sinks, generally had higher surface loadings of the biocontaminants, while the airborne levels were significantly higher over tiled floors. Significant differences in airborne levels were found for dust mass, spores, fungi, β-1,3 glucans, and endotoxins. The results suggest that carpet flooring was not the major contributor to airborne levels of biocontaminants in these two nonproblem schools.
Changes in Preservice Teachers' Self-Efficacy: From Science Methods to Student Teaching

The purpose of this research was to assess preservice teachers self-efficacy at different stages of their educational career in an attempt to determine the extent to which self-efficacy beliefs may change over time. In addition, the critical incidents, which may contribute to changes in self-efficacy, were also investigated. The instrument used in the study was the Teaching Science as Inquiry (TSI) Instrument. The TSI Instrument was administered to 38 preservice elementary teachers to measure the self-efficacy beliefs of the teacher participants in regard to the teaching of science as inquiry. Based on the results and the associated data analysis, mean and median values demonstrate positive change for self-efficacy and outcome expectancy throughout the data collection period.
Simulating the SOA formation of isoprene from partitioning and aerosol phase reactions in the presence of inorganics

Abstract. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced by the photooxidation of isoprene with and without inorganic seed is simulated using the Unified Partitioning Aerosol Phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model. Recent work has found the SOA formation of isoprene to be sensitive to both aerosol acidity ([H+], mol L−1) and aerosol liquid water content (LWC) with the presence of either leading to significant aerosol phase organic mass generation and large growth in SOA yields (YSOA). Classical partitioning models alone are insufficient to predict isoprene SOA formation due to the high volatility of photooxidation products and sensitivity of their mass yields to variations in inorganic aerosol composition. UNIPAR utilizes the chemical structures provided by a near-explicit chemical mechanism to estimate the thermodynamic properties of the gas phase products, which are lumped based on their calculated vapor pressure (eight groups) and aerosol phase reactivity (six groups). UNIPAR then determines the SOA formation of each lumping group from both partitioning and aerosol phase reactions (oligomerization, acid-catalyzed reactions and organosulfate formation) assuming a single homogeneously mixed organic–inorganic phase as a function of inorganic composition and VOC ∕ NOx (VOC – volatile organic compound). The model is validated using isoprene photooxidation experiments performed in the dual, outdoor University of Florida Atmospheric PHotochemical Outdoor Reactor (UF APHOR) chambers. UNIPAR is able to predict the experimental SOA formation of isoprene without seed, with H2SO4 seed gradually titrated by ammonia, and with the acidic seed generated by SO2 oxidation. Oligomeric mass is predicted to account for more than 65 % of the total organic mass formed in all cases and over 85 % in the presence of strongly acidic seed. The model is run to determine the sensitivity of YSOA to [H+], LWC and VOC ∕ NOx, and it is determined that the SOA formation of isoprene is most strongly related to [H+] but is dynamically related to all three parameters. For VOC ∕ NOx > 10, with increasing NOx both experimental and simulated YSOA increase and are found to be more sensitive to [H+] and LWC. For atmospherically relevant conditions, YSOA is found to be more than 150 % higher in partially titrated acidic seeds (NH4HSO4) than in effloresced inorganics or in isoprene only.
"Blast" Algorithm for Zoned Uniform Treatment

Water-quality management involves determining the pollution-abatement scheme that secures a desired quality goal in the watercourse in an equitable and efficient manner. This problem has been approached by a uniform-treatment scheme, in which all discharges are treated equally. Second is cost-minimization, in which mathematical optimization is used to find a treatment combination which meets quality requirements at minimum cost. Although less expensive than other schemes, it is resisted because of inequities among individual discharges. An intermediate or compromise solution, termed "zoned uniforms" is proposed. This solution divides waste discharges into geographical or categorical. Total cost is then minimized as long as treatment level is maintained in each zone. An enumeration scheme solution is presented, using computations based on Delaware Estuary Data.
Expression and Role of the ErbB3 Binding Protein 1 in Acute Myelogenous Leukemic Cells

PURPOSE The ErbB3-binding protein 1 (Ebp1) has been implicated in diverse cancers as having either oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of Ebp1 expression in AML cells and to determine the mechanisms by which Ebp1 promotes cell proliferation in these cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression of Ebp1 was studied in mononuclear cells obtained from the peripheral blood of 54 patients with AML by Western blot analysis. The effects of Ebp1 expression on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and cell proliferation was measured using Western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination, and colony-forming assays. The role of Ebp1 in promoting rRNA synthesis and cell proliferation was evaluated by measuring the level of pre-rRNA and the recruitment of Pol I to rDNA. RESULTS Ebp1 is highly expressed in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells and regulates the level of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis by binding to RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) and enhancing the formation of the Pol I initiation complex. Ebp1 also increases the stability of PCNA protein by preventing its interaction with Mdm2, for which it is a substrate. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate an important role of Ebp1 in promoting cell proliferation in AML cells through the regulation of both rRNA synthesis and PCNA expression. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3320-7. ©2016 AACR.
High-Temperature Steam Gasification of Municipal Solid Waste, Rubber, Plastic and Wood

The main objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of clean gaseous fuels made from plastics, automobile tire rubber, municipal solid waste (MSW), and woody biomass feedstock using a high-temperature pure-steam gasification process. Super-high-temperature steam at 1000 °C was used as the gasifying agent to generate the syngas which mainly contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide and can be used as a gaseous fuel. Since the process does not involve air, the syngas is free of nitrogen and its oxides which usually dilutes the syngas and lowers its heating value in the case of an air-blown partial-oxidation/partial gasification process. A lab-scale experimental apparatus was used to produce the high-quality syngas, and the gas was analyzed using a gas chromatography. The results showed that the syngas contained very high H2 concentrations, and the heating values of the syngas for all four types of feedstock reached 8–10 MJ/m3 which were approximately 2.5 times higher by weight and 1.6 times by vo...
Light-Dependent and Independent Responses of Populations of German and Brownbanded Cockroaches (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) to Two Photodynamic Dyes

Populations of male German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), and nymphs of brownbanded cockroaches, Supella longipalpa (F.), were confined in the dark and provided only with selected doses of one of two photodynamic dyes. At concentrations > 1 x 10-3 M , erythrosin B caused more mortality in both species than did rose bengal. Most (85%) cockroaches of both species were fed dye within 2.5 h after exposure to light. When German cockroach males were fed rose bengal at 3 x 10-3 M or erythrosin B at 5 x 10-3 M and confined in the dark, significant loss of body weight resulted. Mortality of cockroaches in the dark was delayed, with LT50’s of 106 and 75 h, respectively.
Abstract A95: Epigenetic changes in colon cancer cell lines treated with the green tea polyphenolic, EGCG

Retinoids are known for their role in regulating cell growth and proliferation and for activating tumor suppressor genes. We have previously shown that Retinoid X Receptor alpha (RXRα) is silenced in tumors of the colon cancer AOM‐APCMin/+ mouse model. Upon treatment with green tea, RXR expression was restored and intestinal tumorigenesis was inhibited. We hypothesize that tea polyphenols, especially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), induce modification of gene expression through effects of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) as well as Histone Deacetylases (HDACs). We treated HT‐29 and HCT116 colon cancer cells with EGCG concentrations of 0, 50, 100 or 150µM or 5µM of the DNMT inhibitor 5‐aza‐2dC for 48, 72 and 96 hours as well as for two, three and four doubling times. The cell lines were chosen based on their methylation status. HCT116 cells are more sensitive to promoter region methylation compared to HT‐29 cells. Using nuclear fractions of the cell lysates, we probed for presence of the most common DNMTs and HDACs using western blotting. We found that expression of DNMTs as well as HDACs was inhibited in a dose dependent manner following treatment with EGCG. We also found that treatments according to doubling times showed a more profound difference in expression levels when compared to traditional time points. We can conclude that the silencing of RXRα may be due in part to by repressing effects of EGCG on DNMT as well as HDAC activity. This could be one potential mechanism of cancer chemoprevention in green tea that outlines a new epigenetic pathway. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A95.
How to Address a Professional Society

Does everyone head for the corridors when you rise to read your paper? If so, the Secretary of the Physical Society wishes to have a word with you.
Fibrin Glue Increasingly Popular for Topical Surgical Hemostasis

Fibrin glue is a plasma-derived topical hemostatic and adhesive agent that is becoming increasingly popular for surgical hemostasis, especially for cardiac and vascular procedures. Application of equal volumes of its two components results in hemostatic fibrin clot formation via the final steps of the blood coagulation cascade. The components may be applied separately or as a mixture via syringe, spray, or absorbent solid material. Composition, safety, and efficacy of the two principal fibrin glue preparations, commercial vs blood-bank derived, are discussed, as well as blood-banking issues pertaining to use of pooled human plasma or cryoprecipitate as a source of fibrin glue components. Clinical experience for surgical hemostasis in Europe and the United States is reviewed.
Across Borders: France within the Broader Political Activism Context

The creation of the political participation indexes introduced in the previous chapter allows the research project to answer the three questions presented by the French participation paradigm in this book. Using the conventional activity index, the protest measure and the individual’s participation in politically-based associations, in conjunction with frequencies, cross-tabulations, correlations and regression models, the reader will be able to discover, one step at a time, the relevant meaning of a political participation case in which the individual’s political integration network is very limited. In this sense, this chapter specifically connects France to other cases of advanced democracies, putting forward a direct comparison on the bases of political participation figures.
Continuing Education for Health Care Providers

Children and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are vulnerable to poor health outcomes and have difficulty accessing needed health care. With few exceptions, health care providers have limited knowledge, experience and comfort in caring for patients with IDD. Disability content is sorely lacking in healthcare curricula. To develop disability competence, health care providers may seek continuing education on the topic. This chapter reviews resources for continuing education such as consensus medical guidelines, interactive programs or websites and organizations that provide resources toward improving healthcare quality.
Perverted Proverbs in Brecht and “Verfremdungssprache”

(1968). Perverted Proverbs in Brecht and “Verfremdungssprache”. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 100-108.
Evolution of extra-large pore materials

The history of extra-large pore, crystalline materials is briefly reviewed. Relationships between extra-large pore molecular sieves and ordered mesoporous solids are outlined and the difficulties in creating crystalline, mesoporous materials discussed. The possible, importance of three-membered rings in the preparation of extra-large pore microporous and/or mesoporous structures is described. The dichotomy between the high cost of production of extra-large pore materials via large, organic structure-directing agents and the low cost of the inorganic solid for typical commercial applications is enumerated and a new synthetic strategy provided to circumvent this problem.
Financial Intermediation, Credit Risk, and Credit Supply During the Housing Boom

This paper uses a dynamic model of borrowers, savers, and banks to understand the behavior of house prices, mortgage credit and interest rates during the housing boom. Banks lend long-term defaultable mortgages to borrowers and raise funds by issuing equity and deposits to savers. Securitization allows banks to sell loans directly to savers after origination. The model is calibrated to different stages of mortgage finance. The conclusion is that, in addition to laxer borrowing constraints, an increased willingness to supply credit by lenders is needed to jointly explain the dynamics of interest rates, mortgage spreads, and mortgage debt during the boom-bust cycle. The two quantitatively most powerful causes of the boom in the model are (i) reduced intermediation frictions due to securitization and (ii) underestimation of the true credit riskiness by lenders.
Paternal and joint parental occupational pesticide exposure and spina bifida in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997 to 2002

BACKGROUND Because of persistent concerns over the association between pesticides and spina bifida, we examined the role of paternal and combined parental occupational pesticide exposures in spina bifida in offspring using data from a large population-based study of birth defects. METHODS Occupational information from fathers of 291 spina bifida cases and 2745 unaffected live born control infants with estimated dates of delivery from 1997 to 2002 were collected by means of maternal report. Two expert industrial hygienists estimated exposure intensity and frequency to insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for exposure to any pesticide and to any class of pesticide (yes/no; and by median), and exposure to combinations of pesticides (yes/no) and risk of spina bifida. Adjusted odds ratios were also estimated by parent exposed to pesticides (neither, mother only, father only, both parents). RESULTS Joint parental occupational pesticide exposure was positively associated with spina bifida (aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.9-2.4) when compared with infants with neither maternal nor paternal exposures; a similar association was not observed when only one parent was exposed. There was a suggested positive association between combined paternal insecticide and fungicide exposures and spina bifida (aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.8-2.8), however, nearly all other aORs were close to unity. CONCLUSION Overall, there was little evidence paternal occupational pesticide exposure was associated with spina bifida. However, the small numbers make it difficult to precisely evaluate the role of pesticide classes, individually and in combination. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:963-971, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The State of Prescreening Discussions About Prostate-specific Antigen Testing Following Implementation of the 2012 United States Preventive Services Task Force Statement.

Objective To determine if the quality of prescreening discussions has changed following release of the United States Preventive Services Task Force statement against prostate cancer screening. Methods This cross-sectional study used the 2012 and 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. Respondents were categorized based on the year in which they responded to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey. Quality of prescreening discussion was operationalized as having discussed only advantages, only disadvantages, both advantages and disadvantages, or neither. Race/ethnicity, education level, income, insurance status, and having a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level actually drawn after prescreening counseling served as confounders in our multivariate analysis. Results Among 217,053 men in the analytic sample, 37% were told about only advantages of PSA screening compared to 30% of men who were advised about both advantages and disadvantages. Men who were told about neither advantages nor disadvantages were more likely to be Hispanic, not graduate high school, have low income, and not have insurance. Controlling for covariates, men in 2014 were significantly more likely to have undergone PSA testing without having discussed either advantages or disadvantages than men in 2012. Conclusion Comprehensive prescreening discussions about advantages and disadvantages of PSA testing are critical to informed decision making about prostate cancer screening. Disparities not only exist with regard to the quality of prescreening discussions that patients receive from their providers prior to PSA testing across categories of race/ethnicity, education, income, and insurance status, but these disparities became more substantial between 2012 and 2014. Further investigation is warranted to elicit more specific reasons behind these variations.
Metatranscriptomics and Amplicon Sequencing Reveal Mutualisms in Seagrass Microbiomes.

Terrestrial plants benefit from many well-understood mutualistic relationships with root- and leaf-associated microbiomes, but relatively little is known about these relationships for seagrass and other aquatic plants. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metatranscriptomics to assess potential mutualisms between microorganisms and the seagrasses Zostera marina and Zostera japonica collected from mixed beds in Netarts Bay, Oregon. The phylogenetic composition of leaf-, root-, and water column-associated bacterial communities were strikingly different, but these communities were not significantly different between plant species. Many taxa present on leaves were related to organisms capable of consuming the common plant metabolic waste product methanol, and of producing agarases, which can limit the growth of epiphytic algae. Taxa present on roots were related to organisms capable of oxidizing toxic sulfur compounds and of fixing nitrogen. Metatranscriptomic sequencing identified expression of genes involved in all of these microbial metabolic processes at levels greater than typical water column bacterioplankton, and also identified expression of genes involved in denitrification and in bacterial synthesis of the plant growth hormone indole-3-acetate. These results provide the first evidence using metatranscriptomics that seagrass microbiomes carry out a broad range of functions that may benefit their hosts, and imply that microbe-plant mutualisms support the health and growth of aquatic plants.
Financing Multifamily Properties: A Play With New Actors and New Lines

Financing of multifamily properties has evolved dramatically over the past decade with the role of traditional actors overshadowed by the emergence of State finance agencies, publicly traded debt real estate investment trusts (REITs), Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and the private-sponsored secondary market conduits. For example, since 1993, increased holdings by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and private-sponsored pools have represented approximately 90 percent of the net increase in conventional multifamily debt in the United States. Changes accompanying this transformation include lower cost access to capital; the decoupling of underwriting, servicing, and investment decisions; and an injection of new capital from investors. Multifamily mortgage rates have fallen relative to single-family rates and U.S. Treasury yields, and regional disparities in loan pricing have narrowed. While the near-term outlook remains bullish, a latent question is whether there is sufficient market discipline to avoid the extreme real estate cycles of the past.
Electoral Outcomes and Managerial Perceptions of the Business Environment

A stream of literature examines the link between electoral cycles and economic activity at the firm level, but we do not know much about managers’ policy expectations and beliefs after an electoral cycle. This study attempts to address this question by exploiting an electoral cycle within a cross-sectional survey. Using the Indian parliamentary election of 2014 as exogenous variation within the India Enterprise Survey (2014), we find that a decisive electoral outcome has an effect on managerial perceptions of the business environment, measured through measures of corruption and tax administration. While we find mixed evidence for the overall effect of the election on managerial perceptions, we find smaller firms appear to have higher expectations from a new government. Results also suggest that managers reflect the mood of their region’s voting choices.
Tinnitology, Tinnitogenesis, Nuclear Medicine, and Tinnitus Patients.

Since the 19708, clinical interest in otolaryngology and audiology for both diagnosis and treatment of the symptom of tinnitus has witnessed the evolution of a new discipline: tinnitology. Tinnitology is an integrated discipline of basic sciences, neuroscience, and clinical medicine for the understanding of aberrant auditory phenomena unrelated to an external source of sound. To patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus, nuclear medicine techniques of positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography provide correlation of structure and function, which improves the accuracy of the tinnitus diagnosis. Additionally, they provide a monitoring system to establish the efficacy of modalities of therapy attempting to provide tinnitus relief. Further, they provide information of neuroreceptors and neurochemistry in brain underlying or accompanying basic mechanisms for production of specific clinical types and subtypes of tinnitus. This study reports the application of nuclear medicine techniques for a new clinical neuropharmacology protocol for tinnitus treatment highlighted by intratympanic drug therapy in predominantly cochlear-type tinnitus. We further report a neuroprotective drug therapy to control tinnitogenesis, an auditory epileptiform phenomenon. Additionally, we report the hypothesis of a benzodiazepine deficiency syndrome.
SYNTHETIC STUDIES TOWARDS CALCIMYCIN

Abstract Calcimycin, a divalent cation ionophore isolated from cultures of Streptomyces chartreusensis , possesses, in addition to seven chiral centers, a novel 1,7-dioxaspiro[5,5]undecane ring system. This paper describes our progress toward a total synthesis of this unique natural product.
Substructure and Galaxy Formation in Warm Dark Matter Simulations

Non-linear structure formation in thermally produced WDM cosmologies has been extensively studied using simulations in the past few years (e.g. Colin et al. 2000, Bode et al. 2001, Viel et al. 2005, Knebe et al. 2008, Schneider et al. 2012, Lovell et al. 2012, Maccio et al. 2013, Lovell et al. 2014, Reed et al. 2015, Colin et al. 2015, Yang et al. 2015, Bose et al. 2016, Horiuchi et al. 2016). In this chapter we use the Copernicus Complexio (coco-warm) high resolution N-body simulation to investigate the properties of subhaloes in a WDM model.
AS INSTITUIÇÕES DO FEDERALISMO: COM RESPEITO A UM QUADRO ANALÍTICO

As federacoes amadurecidas apresentam relativa transparencia quanto a delimitacoes de autoridade entre os niveis de governo, os governos subnacionais gozam de uma autonomia consideravel em suas politicas de despesas, receitas e dividas. Em outros paises, os problemas de restricoes orcamentarias suaves, resgates e instabilidade fiscal e financeira demonstram as dificuldades do desenho institucional de uma federacao. Este artigo descreve um quadro analitico no qual os efeitos inter jurisdicionais ou jurisdicionais podem criar incentivos para governos de nivel superior para intervir no controle e financiamento de governos de nivel inferior ("resgates"). Essa estrutura ajuda a identificar orientacoes para pesquisas teoricas e empiricas que possam iluminar caracteristicas importantes das instituicoes observadas e orientar a analise de politicas.
Materials for Automotive Lightweighting

Reducing the weight of automobiles is a major contributor to increased fuel economy. The baseline materials for vehicle construction, low-carbon steel and cast iron, are being replaced by materials...
Blending organic material with municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash to promote in-situ carbonation in road base

The use of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash for road-base construction is an accepted practice in Europe and Asia, and of growing interest in the US. It is common practice to cure bottom ash by stockpiling it for several weeks before using it in this application. The curing process exposes the bottom ash to atmospheric carbon dioxide, which promotes carbonation, lowering its pH (making it less alkaline), and making many heavy metals less soluble. While this process makes bottom ash a more environmentally acceptable material, it takes time and requires additional handling. This article investigates a concept to facilitate carbonation of bottom ash in its compacted state, potentially eliminating the stockpile curing process. It is demonstrated here that blending a small amount of organic material with bottom ash will accelerate carbonation and lower pH in compacted samples by providing a carbon source for bacteria to produce carbon dioxide. Different quantities of biosolids (1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% by mass) were added to compacted bottom ash samples to examine the effect of organic materials on carbonation, and results were compared with a compacted control bottom ash sample. The pH of the control bottom ash sample decreased from 12.07 to 9.78 after 63 days, while the pH of the sample containing 5% biosolids decreased from 11.70 to 9.74 in only 7 days and to 8.18 after 63 days. Physical testing was conducted to examine suitability for beneficial use. The results indicate that bottom ash containing less than 3% biosolids met minimum bearing strength requirements for road base.
Thoracic and Abdominal Escharotomy

This chapter describes the surgical procedure thoracic and abdominal escharotomy. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as that found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: for adequate escharotomy, carrying the incisions of the eschar down to the level of subcutaneous fat.
This for That: What EEOC Trends Reveal About Representative Bureaucracy:

Representative bureaucracy is one of the mechanisms used to achieve representative democracy. This article assesses how bureaucratic representation affects public access to administrative remedies,...
Issues of explanation in translation history: An example from US–Mexican religious historiography

In recent years, Christopher Rundle has sparked methodological debates in translation history with his proposals on opposing historical paradigms, dichotomous theoretical frameworks, and seemingly ...
Association Between Trauma Center Designation and Spinal Cord Injury Admission in the USA

Background: After spinal cord injury (SCI), patients are seen in either trauma center emergency departments (EDs) or non-trauma center EDs, and then selectively admitted for hospitalization. The association between SCI and admission to designated trauma centers is currently unknown. In this study, we assess the trends in admission between designated trauma centers after SCI from a large multi-center nationwide registry. Methods: In this retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), we identified visits with SCI from 2006 to 2014. Z-test analyses were used to compare patients diagnosed with SCI at EDs with an associated trauma center designated hospital (TC-visits) against patients diagnosed with SCI at EDs without an associated trauma center designated hospital (NTC-visits). Results: A total of 516,716 reported visits were identified with SCI. The annual total ED visits with admission to the same hospital for patients diagnosed with SCI increased significantly from 39,129 to 50,127 from 2006 to 2014 (P < 0.001). From 2006 to 2014, the annual ED visits and admissions from TC-visits increased significantly from 27,781 to 43,926 and 23,445 to 35,635, respectively (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001). However, the annual ED visits and admissions from NTC-visits did not change significantly from 23,938 to 22,107 and 15,683 to 14,493, respectively (P = 0.09 and P = 0.1). Throughout the entire study period, the annual total ED visits with admissions to the same hospital was significantly higher for TC-visits than NTC-visits diagnosed with SCI (P < 0.0001). The mean length of stay (14.1 days vs. 8.1 days), annual total in-hospital mortality (6.8% vs. 6.0%), and annual total discharges to another institution (53.8% vs. 46.8%) were significantly higher in TC-visits throughout the study period (P < 0.001). However, the annual total routine discharges (27.2% vs. 26.4%), annual total discharges to short-term hospital (12.4% vs. 7.2%), and annual total discharges to home health care (7.7% vs. 4.4%) were significantly higher in NTC-visits throughout the study period (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Of the population of patients with SCI who visit EDs, those seen at trauma centers have a significant parallel association with incidence and patient outcome compared against those seen at non-trauma centers. Prospective research is warranted to make recommendations for required healthcare infrastructures based on an institution’s trauma center designation. J Neurol Res. 2020;10(5):193-198 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jnr609
Malrotation Correction in the Adult Population.

Malrotation is a congenital anomaly most often affecting the pediatric population. The Ladd procedure is the standard treatment for this pathology. Well-studied in the pediatric population, large studies of the demographics and outcomes of patients who reach adulthood are lacking. An analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database (2015–2018) was performed, capturing patients with a post-operative diagnosis of malrotation and who underwent surgical correction with or without appendectomy, excluding those who underwent other major procedures such as colectomy. Baseline demographics and outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes such as length of stay and discharge destination were included. Two hundred twenty patients undergoing surgical correction of malrotation were captured, all of which were performed by a general surgeon under general anesthesia. One hundered and nine (49.55%) of these patients also underwent an appendectomy. Most of these patients were female (68.18%). Comorbidities and perioperative variables were clinically similar. Operative time was similar between the two groups (112 ± 86 vs. 98 ± 49 min, p = 0.1385). Thirty-day mortality (1.36%), length of stay (4.79 ± 6.21 days), readmission rate (13.64%), wound infection (2.27%) and discharge destination (95.00% to home) were statistically similar between groups. The data describes demographics and outcomes in adults undergoing Ladd procedures with and without appendectomy. Immediate outcomes may be equivalent regardless of incidental appendectomy. Further work is necessary to describe the population of adults with malrotation reaching adulthood.
End-to-end deep learning pipeline for microwave kinetic inductance detector resonator identification and tuning

We present the development of a machine learning-based pipeline to fully automate the calibration of the frequency comb used to read out optical/IR microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) arrays. This process involves determining the resonant frequency and optimal drive power of every pixel (i.e., resonator) in the array, which is typically done manually. Modern optical/IR MKID arrays, such as the DARK-Speckle Near-Infrared Energy-Resolving Superconducting Spectrophotometer and the MKID exoplanet camera, contain 10 to 20,000 pixels, making the calibration process extremely time-consuming; each 2000-pixel feedline requires 4 to 6 h of manual tuning. We present a pipeline that uses a single convolutional neural network to perform both resonator identification and tuning simultaneously. We find that our pipeline has performance equal to that of the manual tuning process and requires just 12 min of computational time per feedline.
Miranda 2.0

Fifty years after Miranda v. Arizona, significant numbers of innocent suspects are falsely confessing to crimes while subject to police custodial interrogation. Critics on the left and right have proposed reforms to Miranda, but few such proposals are appropriately targeted to the problem of false confessions. Using rigorous psychological evidence of the causes of false confessions, this article analyzes the range of proposals and develops a realistic set of reforms directed specifically at this foundational challenge to the justice system. Miranda 2.0 is long overdue; it should require: warning suspects how long they can be interrogated for; delivering the warnings via a non-police intermediary, preferably a pre-approved audio-visual recording; recording all interrogations; varying the strength of warnings according to characteristics that make suspects differently susceptible; and reforming and simplifying the rules of waiver. This article establishes why each of these proposals most effectively combats the problem of false confessions and how they can be realistically implemented, without overly burdening police efficiency and efficacy.
Crystal structure of 4-(2-bromo-prop-ion-yl)-3-phenyl-sydnone.

Sydnones are a class of mesoionic compounds containing a five-membered heterocyclic ring. In general, sydnone com­pounds are synthesized with an aromatic substutuent at the N3 position. This feature, adds to the stability of the heterocyclic ring. In the title compound {systematic name: 4-(2-bromo­propano­yl)-3-phenyl-1,2,3λ5-oxa­diazol-3-ylium-5-olate}, C11H9BrN2O3, the aromatic substitutent is an unsubstituted phenyl ring. The sydnone ring is almost planar, with a maximum deviation from the mean plane of 0.023 (1) A, but is not coplanar with the phenyl ring, having a dihedral angle of 40.93 (8)°. The carbonyl side chain is twisted relative to the syndone ring by 15.8 (2)°. The mol­ecules are packed in the unit cell as pairs related by an inversion center at (1, 0, 1/2). The pairs inter­act via π-stacking, with the distance separating the centroids being 3.824 (1) A. The Br atom has two contacts, one to an N atom in a neighboring asymmetric unit with a distance of 3.346 (2) A (the sum of the van der Waals radii is 3.40 A) and a second to an H atom with a distance of 3.03 A. The contact with the H atom is perpendicular (C—Br⋯H = 98.60°) to the C—Br bond, and that to the N atom is linear [C—Br⋯N = 169.10 (5)°] to the C—Br bond. The O atom of the sydnone ring is involved in two hydrogen bonds, one intra­molecular with a donor–acceptor distance of 3.1486 (19) A and a second that is inter­molecular, with a phenyl H atom as the donor and has a donor–acceptor distance of 3.346 (2) A.
Working with ADO

you’re not reading this book for the jokes—at least, I hope not. I hope you’re reading it for suggestions on how to write efficient ADO data access applications and how to write them efficiently. This first chapter walks you through some of the fundamentals—the stuff you must have in place to use ADO at all. I’ll assume you know what you’re doing in most respects, so I’ll leave out some of the basic step-by-step stuff you’ll find in the “Idiots” books. If you don’t know what ADO is, what its object model looks like, or how the objects relate to one another, see the “ADO Fundamentals” appendix at the back of the book.
Isolation of Mycoplasma hominis, T-strains, and cytomegalovirus from the cervix of pregnant women

Abstract Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from 37 of 199 cervical cultures from women attending the prenatal clinic at the University Hospital in Seattle. The isolation rate was higher among Negroes (32 per cent), than among Caucasians (16 per cent). T-strains were isolated from 56 per cent of the pregnant Caucasian women and 75 per cent of the pregnant Negro women. Nearly all (92 per cent) of those who carried M. hominis also carried T-strains. No adverse effect of pregnancy or on the infant from the presence of either M. hominis or T-strains was observed. Both organisms were transmitted to infants of positive mothers (M. hominis to 2 of 11 such infants and T-strains to 4 of 15 such infants). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was isolated from cervical cultures of 5 of 140 pregnant women. Congenital cytomegalovirus disease or transmission to the infant was not seen in any of these 5 patients. On the other hand, the presence of CMV in the cervix was associated with lower than average birth weight.
Brain mechanisms of emotion: initial MEG findings

In a series of two experiments we sought to identify spatio-temporal brain activation profiles representing the neuro-physiological mechanisms generating affective experience. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to acquire these profiles in 12 healthy participants while they viewed pictures rated as affectively neutral, and pictures rated as affectively positive and affectively negative. Consistent activation of the occipital and posterior basal temporal cortices was observed in each subject in both experiments. This pattern of activation occurred immediately after stimulus presentation, lasted approximately 270 ms. and was common to all stimuli, both affective and affectively neutral. It is, therefore, not affect-specific but it represents the brain mechanisms of visual recognition. A second pattern of equally consistent activation followed the first. This pattern was obtained during the negative affect condition only. It involved activation of the left mesial temporal cortex and was observed in every subject during both experiments. In addition, during the second experiment, this pattern included consistent activation of the left cingulate gurus. These results constitute the first demonstration of the efficacy of functional neuroimaging to identify structural components of the brain mechanisms of affective experiences in individual subjects, without the use of group statistics. They also constitute the first demonstration of the capacity of MEG to identify distinct brain mechanisms of recognition versus affect production with millisecond resolution.
Upregulation of p67(phox) and gp91(phox) in aortas from angiotensin II-infused mice.

Although NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide (O2 −) is increased during the development of angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension, vascular regulation at the protein level has not been repor...
Multisource Commitment to Suppliers and Salespeople

Answering the call for research on sales force interactions with channel-of-distribution members, this study examines buyers’ relationships with both salespeople and suppliers within a multisource procurement setting. Using 171 respondents, buyers’ perceptions of commitment, satisfaction, and commitment are examined. Findings suggest that buyers depend heavily on how they perceive both their salespeople and their suppliers. As a result, a buyer's perception of the salesperson's and supplying firm's commitment will greatly impact the buyer's level of satisfaction and commitment to the relationship. Furthermore, the relationship the buyer has with his or her salesperson will, in part, transfer to the supplier.
Hysteresis and Noise from Electronic Nematicity in High Temperature Superconductors

An electron nematic is a translationally invariant state which spontaneously breaks the discrete rotational symmetry of a host crystal. In a clean square lattice, the electron nematic has two preferred orientations, while dopant disorder favors one or the other orientations locally. In this way, the electron nematic in a host crystal maps to the random field Ising model. Since the electron nematic has anisotropic conductivity, we associate each Ising configuration with a resistor network and use what is known about the random field Ising model to predict new ways to test for local electronic nematic order (nematicity) using noise and hysteresis. In particular, we have uncovered a remarkably robust linear relation between the orientational order and the resistance anisotropy which holds over a wide range of circumstances.
A shape-based searching system for industrial components

A web-based application has been developed for shape-based searching for industrial components. The application is based on Flex [2010], which is excellent at providing highly interactive user interfaces, and O3D, which can display 3D models in a web browser efficiently. By combining the two technologies, the shaped-based industrial components searching system provides an effective way for users to search for industrial components and obtains other related information. This highly interactive 3D shape retrieval system is based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) that relies on the REST based web-service model to create efficient web application.
Correctness and security at odds: post-silicon validation of modern SoC designs

We consider the conflicts between requirements from security and post-silicon validation in SoC designs. Post-silicon validation requires hardware instrumentations to provide observability and controllability during on-field execution; this in turn makes the system prone to security vulnerabilities, resulting in potentially subtle security exploits. Mitigating such threats while ensuring that the system is amenable to post-silicon validation is challenging, involving close collaboration among security, validation, testing, and computer architecture teams. We examine the state of the practice in this area, the trade-offs and compromises made, and their limitations. We also discuss an emerging approach that we are contemplating to address this problem.
Glycinergic inhibition in the turtle spinal cord regulates the intensity and pattern of fictive flexion reflex motor output

Abstract Application of strychnine sulfate (10–50 μM) to the anterior hindlimb enlargement of the turtle spinal cord increased the amplitude of the ipsilateral fictive flexion reflex and revealed a contralateral (crossed) fictive flexion reflex response to cutaneous stimulation of the foot. Strychnine abolished the crossed inhibition of fictive flexion reflex that was normally evoked by contralateral foot stimulation, unmasking the crossed excitation. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that intraspinal inhibition mediated by strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors regulates the amplitude of fictive flexion reflex motor output and confines the responses to the appropriate neural pathways.
Production of fermentable sugars and polyhydroxybutyrate from hybrid poplar: Response surface model optimization of a hot-water pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis

Abstract In this study, the target was the generation of fermentable monosaccharides from hardwoods that can be converted into value-added chemicals, such as polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB). Poplar flour was subjected to a hot-water pretreatment. The pretreatment conditions were optimized using a response surface methodology (RSM) on a 23 full central composites design by varying temperature, reaction time and solid loading. The optimal pretreatment condition for producing sugars was 200 °C, 22 min and 20% solid loading. After pretreatment the solid residue was treated with a commercial cellulase/xylanase preparation and released sugars quantified. The total sugars yield was applied as response variable to the RSM. A maximum yield of 96% sugars was obtained. Potential fermentation inhibitors were also detected at low concentrations (acetic acid, furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural). A preliminary trial using wood hydrolysates in a fed-batch bioreactor using a mixed microbial consortia afforded PHB (14% on biomass basis) and maximum PHB productivity of 0.18 g/L/h.
Effects of Wearing Chemical Protective Clothing on Rifle Marksmanship and on Sensory and Psychomotor Tasks

This article reviews and evaluates the findings of several studies on the effects of wearing chemical protective clothing (CPC) on rifle marksmanship and on selected sensory and psychomotor tasks. ...